Salmonella spp. dynamics in wild blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton

Science.gov (United States)

A six-year field study was conducted in the two major wild, or lowbush, blueberry growing regions in Maine, Midcoast and Downeast. This study used data from two cropping cycles (four years) to model the dynamics of Salmonella spp. prevalence in wild blueberry fields (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton). ...

A New Record from Mount Uludağ for Turkey: Solidago gigantea Aiton

OpenAIRE

Yılmaz, Özer

2017-01-01

Solidago gigantea Aiton (Asteraceae) is reported for the first time (Uludağ, Bursa) for theFlora of Turkey. Solidago gigantea isclosely related to S. canadensis L.,however, it is differs in having glabrous stems, sparse inflorescence andoblanceolate achenes that are black or fawn coloured. A new identification keyfor Solidago species in Turkey isgiven. Also the distributions of these species are mapped.

Modelling available crown fuel for Pinus pinaster Ait. stands in the "Cazorla, Segura and Las Villas Natural Park" (Spain).

Science.gov (United States)

Molina, Juan Ramón; Rodríguez y Silva, Francisco; Mérida, Enrique; Herrera, Miguel Ángel

2014-11-01

One of the main limiting aspects in the application of crown fire models at landscape scale has been the uncertainty derived to describe canopy fuel stratum. Available crown fuel and canopy bulk density are essential in order to simulate crown fire behaviour and are of potential use in the evaluation of silvicultural treatments. Currently, the more accurate approach to estimate these parameters is to develop allometric models from common stand inventory data. In this sense, maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) trees were destructively sampled in the South of the Iberian Peninsula, covering natural and artificial stands. Crown fine fuel was separated into size classes and allometric equations that estimate crown fuel load by biomass fractions were developed. Available crown fuel was determined according to the fuel load differences between un-burned and burned trees with similar characteristics. Taking our destructive post-fire inventory into account, available crown fuel was estimated as the sum of needles biomass, 87.63% of the twigs biomass and 62.79% of the fine branches biomass. In spite of the differences between natural and artificial stands, generic models explained 82% (needles biomass), 89% (crown fuel), 92% (available crown fuel) and 94% (canopy bulk density) of the observed variation. Inclusion of the fitted models in fire management decision-making can provide a decision support system for assessing the potential crown fire of different silvicultural alternatives. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Differences in hydraulic architecture between mesic and xeric Pinus pinaster populations at the seedling stage.

Science.gov (United States)

Corcuera, Leyre; Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Notivol, Eduardo

2012-12-01

We studied the intraspecific variability of maritime pine in a set of morphological and physiological traits: soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance, intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE, estimated by carbon isotope composition, δ(13)C), root morphology, xylem anatomy, growth and carbon allocation patterns. The data were collected from Pinus pinaster Aiton seedlings (25 half-sib families from five populations) grown in a greenhouse and subjected to water and water-stress treatments. The aims were to relate this variability to differences in water availability at the geographic location of the populations, and to study the potential trade-offs among traits. The drought-stressed seedlings demonstrated a decrease in hydraulic conductance and root surface area and increased WUE and root tip number. The relationships among the growth, morphological, anatomical and physiological traits changed with the scale of study: within the species, among/within populations. The populations showed a highly significant relationship between the percentage reduction in whole-plant hydraulic conductance and WUE. The differences among the populations in root morphology, whole-plant conductance, carbon allocation, plant growth and WUE were significant and consistent with dryness of the site of seed origin. The xeric populations exhibited lower growth and a conservative water use, as opposed to the fast-growing, less water-use-efficient populations from mesic habitats. The xeric and mesic populations, Tamrabta and San Cipriano, respectively, showed the most contrasting traits and were clustered in opposite directions along the main axis in the canonical discriminant analysis under both the control and drought treatments. The results suggest the possibility of selecting the Arenas population, which presents a combination of traits that confer increased growth and drought resistance.

The extractives of Pinus pinaster wood

Science.gov (United States)

Richard W. Hemingway; W. E. Hillis; L. S. Lau

1973-01-01

The extractives in Pinus pinaster wood grown in South Australia were examined as part of an assessment of the suitability of this wood for manufacture of absorbent tissues from bisulphite pulps. The average petroleum solubility of the wood was 2.0% but the amount and composition of the petroleum extract varied widely depending upon the age of the...

The effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi forming symbiosis with Pinus pinaster seedlings exposed to cadmium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sousa, Nadine R.; Ramos, Miguel A.; Marques, Ana P.G.C.; Castro, Paula M.L.

2012-01-01

Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals and its accumulation in the upper layers of forest soils affects plants, microorganisms and their interactions. Adequate strategies for the reforestation of metal contaminated sites are of vital importance. The aim of this work was to evaluate the response of Pinus pinaster seedlings to Cd exposure and to assess the effect of inoculation with two selected ectomycorrhizal fungi, Suillus bovinus and Rhizopogon roseolus on that response. Seedlings were exposed to soil contaminated at 15 and 30 mg Cd kg −1 . Shoot biomass of P. pinaster decreased ca. 36% when exposed to 15 mg Cd kg −1 . Overall, colonization by S. bovinus significantly enhanced shoot development up to 30% in contaminated soil while colonization by R. roseolus produced no significant effect at both Cd concentrations tested and significantly increased the level of Cd in the shoots at both Cd concentrations. Metal accumulation in the shoots and roots of non-inoculated and S. bovinus-inoculated seedlings increased at the higher Cd levels whereas R. roseolus-inoculated seedlings were not sensitive to Cd variation in the soil. The results from our research show that inoculation with ECM fungi has a significant impact on metal uptake and development of P. pinaster seedlings; the differential response induced by the two tested species highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate strains for nursery inoculation, and, as such, this biological tool ought to be considered in reforestation processes of heavy metal contaminated areas by woody species. - Highlights: ► Ectomycorrhizal fungi can aid the reforestation of heavy metal contaminated areas. ► Cd inhibited the growth of non-inoculated 6 months-old Pinus pinaster seedlings. ► Inoculation with Suillus bovinus enhanced P. pinaster growth in Cd contaminated soil. ► Mycorrhizal symbiosis influenced the accumulation of Cd in P. pinaster seedlings.

The effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi forming symbiosis with Pinus pinaster seedlings exposed to cadmium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sousa, Nadine R.; Ramos, Miguel A.; Marques, Ana P.G.C.; Castro, Paula M.L., E-mail: plcastro@esb.ucp.pt

2012-01-01

Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals and its accumulation in the upper layers of forest soils affects plants, microorganisms and their interactions. Adequate strategies for the reforestation of metal contaminated sites are of vital importance. The aim of this work was to evaluate the response of Pinus pinaster seedlings to Cd exposure and to assess the effect of inoculation with two selected ectomycorrhizal fungi, Suillus bovinus and Rhizopogon roseolus on that response. Seedlings were exposed to soil contaminated at 15 and 30 mg Cd kg{sup -1}. Shoot biomass of P. pinaster decreased ca. 36% when exposed to 15 mg Cd kg{sup -1}. Overall, colonization by S. bovinus significantly enhanced shoot development up to 30% in contaminated soil while colonization by R. roseolus produced no significant effect at both Cd concentrations tested and significantly increased the level of Cd in the shoots at both Cd concentrations. Metal accumulation in the shoots and roots of non-inoculated and S. bovinus-inoculated seedlings increased at the higher Cd levels whereas R. roseolus-inoculated seedlings were not sensitive to Cd variation in the soil. The results from our research show that inoculation with ECM fungi has a significant impact on metal uptake and development of P. pinaster seedlings; the differential response induced by the two tested species highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate strains for nursery inoculation, and, as such, this biological tool ought to be considered in reforestation processes of heavy metal contaminated areas by woody species. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ectomycorrhizal fungi can aid the reforestation of heavy metal contaminated areas. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Cd inhibited the growth of non-inoculated 6 months-old Pinus pinaster seedlings. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Inoculation with Suillus bovinus enhanced P. pinaster growth in Cd contaminated soil. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Mycorrhizal symbiosis

Biochemical modifications in Pinus pinaster Ait. as a result of environmental pollution.

Science.gov (United States)

Acquaviva, Rosaria; Vanella, Luca; Sorrenti, Valeria; Santangelo, Rosa; Iauk, Liliana; Russo, Alessandra; Savoca, Francesca; Barbagallo, Ignazio; Di Giacomo, Claudia

2012-11-01

Exposure to chemical pollution can cause significant damage to plants by imposing conditions of oxidative stress. Plants combat oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant metabolites, enzymatic scavengers of activated oxygen and heat shock proteins. The accumulation of these proteins, in particular heat shock protein 70 and heme oxygenase, is correlated with the acquisition of thermal and chemical adaptations and protection against oxidative stress. In this study, we used Pinus pinaster Ait. collected in the areas of Priolo and Aci Castello representing sites with elevated pollution and reference conditions, respectively. The presence of heavy metals and the levels of markers of oxidative stress (lipid hydroperoxide levels, thiol groups, superoxide dismutase activity and expression of heat shock protein 70, heme oxygenase and superoxide dismutase) were evaluated, and we measured in field-collected needles the response to environmental pollution. P. pinaster Ait. collected from a site characterized by industrial pollution including heavy metals had elevated stress response as indicated by significantly elevated lipid hydroperoxide levels and decreased thiol groups. In particular, we observed that following a chronic chemical exposure, P. pinaster Ait. showed significantly increased expression of heat shock protein 70, heme oxygenase and superoxide dismutase. This increased expression may have protective effects against oxidative stress and represents an adaptative cellular defence mechanism. These results suggest that evaluation of heme oxygenase, heat shock protein 70 and superoxide dismutase expression in P. pinaster Ait. could represent a useful tool for monitoring environmental contamination of a region and to better understand mechanisms involved in plant defence and stress tolerance.

Mechano-sorptive creep of Portuguese pinewood chemically modified

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Barroso Lopes Duarte

2014-03-01

Full Text Available The effect of chemical modification on mechano-sorptive creep in bending was studied by experimental work. Stakes with 20 × 20 × 400 mm RTL of Portuguese wood species (Pinus pinaster Aiton modified with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5- dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU, m-methylated melamine resin (MMF, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS and amid wax (WA were measured under asymmetric moistening conditions over a period of 42 days (app. 1000 hours with stress level (SL of 12 MPa, according to ENV 1156.

Root architecture and wind-firmness of mature Pinus pinaster.

Science.gov (United States)

Danjon, Frédéric; Fourcaud, Thierry; Bert, Didier

2005-11-01

This study aims to link three-dimensional coarse root architecture to tree stability in mature timber trees with an average of 1-m rooting depth. Undamaged and uprooted trees were sampled in a stand damaged by a storm. Root architecture was measured by three-dimensional (3-D) digitizing. The distribution of root volume by root type and in wind-oriented sectors was analysed. Mature Pinus pinaster root systems were organized in a rigid 'cage' composed of a taproot, the zone of rapid taper of horizontal surface roots and numerous sinkers and deep roots, imprisoning a large mass of soil and guyed by long horizontal surface roots. Key compartments for stability exhibited strong selective leeward or windward reinforcement. Uprooted trees showed a lower cage volume, a larger proportion of oblique and intermediate depth horizontal roots and less wind-oriented root reinforcement. Pinus pinaster stability on moderately deep soils is optimized through a typical rooting pattern and a considerable structural adaptation to the prevailing wind and soil profile.

Levels and sources of PAHs in selected sites from Portugal: biomonitoring with Pinus pinea and Pinus pinaster needles.

Science.gov (United States)

Ratola, Nuno; Amigo, José Manuel; Alves, Arminda

2010-04-01

Pine needle samples from two pine species (Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus pinea L.) were collected at 29 sites scattered throughout Portugal, in order to biomonitor the levels and trends of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The values obtained for the sum of all PAHs ranged from 76 to 1944 ng/g [dry weight (dw)]. Despite the apparent matrix similarities between both pine species, P. pinaster needles revealed higher mean entrapment levels than P. pinea (748 and 399 ng/g (dw) per site, respectively). The urban and industrial sites have the highest average of PAH incidence [for P. pinea, 465 and 433 ng/g (dw) per site, respectively, and for P. pinaster, 1147 and 915 ng/g (dw)], followed by the rural sites [233 ng/g and 711 ng/g (dw) per site, for P. pinea and P. pinaster, respectively]. The remote sites, both from P. pinaster needles, show the least contamination, with 77 ng/g (dw) per site. A predominance of 3-ring and 4-ring PAHs was observed in most samples, with phenanthrene having 30.1% of the total. Naphthalene prevailed in remote sites. Rainfall had no influence on the PAHs levels, but there was a relationship between higher wind speeds and lower concentrations. PAH molecular ratios revealed the influence of both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources.

Potential antibiotic and anti-infective effects of rhodomyrtone from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. on Streptococcus pyogenes as revealed by proteomics

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Limsuwan, Surasak; Voravuthikunchai, Supayang Piyawan; van Dijl, Jan Maarten; Kayser, Oliver; Meinders, Hesseling A.

2011-01-01

Rhodomyrtone from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. leaf extract has a strong antibacterial activity against the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. Our previous studies indicated that the bactericidal activity of rhodomyrtone might involve intracellular targets. In the present studies we

Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster needles as passive samplers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Piccardo, Maria Teresa; Pala, Mauro; Bonaccurso, Bruna; Stella, Anna; Redaelli, Anna; Paola, Gaudenzio; Valerio, Federico

2005-01-01

Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed in pine needles of different ages (from 6 to 30 months) collected from two species, Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster, in seven sites located along a transect from a suburban to a rural area of Genoa (Italy). In all sites and for both species, concentrations of more volatile PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene) were higher than those for other less volatile PAHs, which are preferentially sorbed to airborne particulates (benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzofluoranthenes, benzo[a]pyrene). Concentrations of total PAHs found in P. nigra in the rural sites were, on the average, 2.3 times higher than those in P. pinaster growing nearby. In both pine species, concentrations of volatile PAHs increased according to needle age. Annual trends of other PAHs were more variable, with a general decrease in older needles. P. pinaster needles are shown to be more reliable passive samplers, since they are more resistant to plant diseases, and considerable variation in PAH concentration was observed in P. nigra needles with moulds and fungi. - The suitability of the pine needles as passive air samplers for persistent trace organics is demonstrated

Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster needles as passive samplers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Piccardo, Maria Teresa [Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, National Cancer Research Institute, Genova. L.go Rosanna Benzi n. 10, 16132 Genova (Italy)]. E-mail: chimamb@istge.it; Pala, Mauro [Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, National Cancer Research Institute, Genova. L.go Rosanna Benzi n. 10, 16132 Genova (Italy); Bonaccurso, Bruna [Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, National Cancer Research Institute, Genova. L.go Rosanna Benzi n. 10, 16132 Genova (Italy); Stella, Anna [Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, National Cancer Research Institute, Genova. L.go Rosanna Benzi n. 10, 16132 Genova (Italy); Redaelli, Anna [Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, National Cancer Research Institute, Genova. L.go Rosanna Benzi n. 10, 16132 Genova (Italy); Paola, Gaudenzio [Botany Department, Genoa University, C.so Dogali 1 canc., 16136 Genova (Italy); Valerio, Federico [Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, National Cancer Research Institute, Genova. L.go Rosanna Benzi n. 10, 16132 Genova (Italy)

2005-01-01

Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed in pine needles of different ages (from 6 to 30 months) collected from two species, Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster, in seven sites located along a transect from a suburban to a rural area of Genoa (Italy). In all sites and for both species, concentrations of more volatile PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene) were higher than those for other less volatile PAHs, which are preferentially sorbed to airborne particulates (benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzofluoranthenes, benzo[a]pyrene). Concentrations of total PAHs found in P. nigra in the rural sites were, on the average, 2.3 times higher than those in P. pinaster growing nearby. In both pine species, concentrations of volatile PAHs increased according to needle age. Annual trends of other PAHs were more variable, with a general decrease in older needles. P. pinaster needles are shown to be more reliable passive samplers, since they are more resistant to plant diseases, and considerable variation in PAH concentration was observed in P. nigra needles with moulds and fungi. - The suitability of the pine needles as passive air samplers for persistent trace organics is demonstrated.

Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical effects of Pinus pinaster bark extract

Science.gov (United States)

Iravani, S.; Zolfaghari, B.

2011-01-01

In everyday life, our body generates free radicals and other reactive oxygen species which are derived either from the endogenous metabolic processes (within the body) or from external sources. Many clinical and pharmacological studies suggest that natural antioxidants can prevent oxidative damage. Among the natural antioxidant products, Pycnogenol® (French Pinus pinaster bark extract) has been received considerable attention because of its strong free radical-scavenging activity against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. P. pinaster bark extract (PBE) contains polyphenolic compounds (these compounds consist of catechin, taxifolin, procyanidins of various chain lengths formed by catechin and epicatechin units, and phenolic acids) capable of producing diverse potentially protective effects against chronic and degenerative diseases. This herbal medication has been reported to have cardiovascular benefits, such as vasorelaxant activity, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting activity, and the ability to enhance the microcirculation by increasing capillary permeability. Moreover, effects on the immune system and modulation of nitrogen monoxide metabolism have been reported. This article provides a brief overview of clinical studies describing the beneficial and health-promoting effects of PBE. PMID:22049273

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Pinus pinaster

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nouara Ait Mimoune

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oils of Pinus pinaster. Methods: Essential oils were extracted from the needles by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the obtained essential oils was analyzed using GC-MS technique. The antimicrobial potential has been tested against six microorganisms performing the disc diffusion assay. Results: Twenty-three components have been identified. β-caryophyllene (30.9% and β-selinene (13.45% were predominant compounds. The essential oil exhibited a moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, but did not affect the growth of Erwinia amylovora. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were not inhibited by maritime pine essential oils. Conclusions: The essential oils from Pinus pinaster can be used as an antibacterial agent.

Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait).

Science.gov (United States)

Tümen, İbrahim; Akkol, Esra Küpeli; Taştan, Hakkı; Süntar, Ipek; Kurtca, Mehmet

2018-01-30

Ethnobotanical investigations have shown that the Pinus species have been used against rheumatic pain and for wound healing in Turkish folk medicine. In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) that is collected in Turkey are investigated. Essential oil composition and the amount of extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples had been tested. The essential oil from cones of P. pinaster revealed the highest activities, whereas other parts of the plant did not display any appreciable wound healing, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects. α-Pinene was the main constituent of the essential oil obtained from the cones of P. pinaster. Experimental studies shown that P. pinaster's remarkable anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities support the traditional use of the plant, and suggest it could have a place in modern medicine. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

ENRAIZAMENTO DE ESTACAS DE DIFERENTES DIÂMETROS EM Platanus acerifolia (Aiton) Willdenow

OpenAIRE

Carlos Alberto Dias; Rosane Maria Simon Lampert Dias; Elcí Terezinha Henz Franco

1999-01-01

O presente trabalho teve como finalidade estudar o efeito do ácido indol-3-butírico (AIB) no enraizamento de estacas caulinares de diferentes diâmetros de Platanus acerifolia (Aiton) Willdenow. Para tal, foram utilizadas estacas finas (diâmetro médio 0,94 cm); médias (diâmetro médio de 1,58 cm) e grossas (diâmetro médio 2,75 cm), submetidas a dois tratamentos: T1 (testemunha) e T2 (6000 ppm de AIB em talco). A aplicação da auxina foi por meio de talco na base das estacas, sendo plantadas em s...

Nucleotide polymorphisms in a pine ortholog of the Arabidopsis degrading enzyme cellulase KORRIGAN are associated with early growth performance in Pinus pinaster.

Science.gov (United States)

Cabezas, José Antonio; González-Martínez, Santiago C; Collada, Carmen; Guevara, María Angeles; Boury, Christophe; de María, Nuria; Eveno, Emmanuelle; Aranda, Ismael; Garnier-Géré, Pauline H; Brach, Jean; Alía, Ricardo; Plomion, Christophe; Cervera, María Teresa

2015-09-01

We have carried out a candidate-gene-based association genetic study in Pinus pinaster Aiton and evaluated the predictive performance for genetic merit gain of the most significantly associated genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We used a second generation 384-SNP array enriched with candidate genes for growth and wood properties to genotype mother trees collected in 20 natural populations covering most of the European distribution of the species. Phenotypic data for total height, polycyclism, root-collar diameter and biomass were obtained from a replicated provenance-progeny trial located in two sites with contrasting environments (Atlantic vs Mediterranean climate). General linear models identified strong associations between growth traits (total height and polycyclism) and four SNPs from the korrigan candidate gene, after multiple testing corrections using false discovery rate. The combined genomic breeding value predictions assessed for the four associated korrigan SNPs by ridge regression-best linear unbiased prediction (RR-BLUP) and cross-validation accounted for up to 8 and 15% of the phenotypic variance for height and polycyclic growth, respectively, and did not improve adding SNPs from other growth-related candidate genes. For root-collar diameter and total biomass, they accounted for 1.6 and 1.1% of the phenotypic variance, respectively, but increased to 15 and 4.1% when other SNPs from lp3.1, lp3.3 and cad were included in RR-BLUP models. These results point towards a desirable integration of candidate-gene studies as a means to pre-select relevant markers, and aid genomic selection in maritime pine breeding programs. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Cadmium and copper change root growth and morphology of Pinus pinea and Pinus pinaster seedlings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arduini, I.; Onnis, A. (Dipart. di Agronomia e Gestione dell' Agro-Ecosistema, Univ. degli Studi Pisa, Pisa (Italy)); Boldbold, D.L. (Forstbotanishces Institut, Univ. Goettingen, Goettingen (Germany))

1994-01-01

Heavy metal loads in forest soils have been increasing over time due to atmospheric inputs. Accumulation in the upper soil layers could affect establishment of seedlings and forest regeneration. Mediterranean species show a high initial root development, allowing seedlings to reach the moisture of deeper soil layers. In the present work seedlings of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.), were grown in culture solution supplied with 0.0, 0.1, 1 or 5 [mu]M CdSO[sub 4] or with 1 [mu]M CdSO[sub 4] and 1 [mu]M CuSO[sub 4] combined. In both species tap-root elongation was drastically reduced in the 5 [mu]M Cd[sup 2+] and in the (Cd[sup 2+] - Cu[sup 2+]) treatments. A supply of 0.1 or 1 [mu]M Cd[sup 2+] however, enhanced root elongation in Pinus pinea without significantly influencing root elongation in Pinus pinaster. In both species the root density (weight per unit length) and the width of the cortex increased in response to Cd[sup 2+] exposure. In Pinus pinaster the mitotic index decreased at the higher Cd[sup 2+] concentrations and when Cd[sup 2+] and Cu[sup 2+] were combined. The data suggest that cell elongation is more sensitive to Cd[sup 2+] than cell division. The number and length of the lateral roots were also affected by Cd[sup 2+] treatment to a higher degree in Pinus pinaster than in Pinus pinea, reflecting the different Cd-tolerance of the two species. (au)

Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with declined Pinus pinaster stands in Spain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gonzalo Álvarez

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Aim of study: We studied the presence of fungi and distribution patterns in relation to the health status of declining Pinus pinaster trees. Area of study: Trees in two declining stands in Central Spain were allotted to three declining classes. Material and Methods: Trees in two declining stands in Central Spain were allotted to three declining classes (healthy, declining and recently dead and 3 trees of each class were felled in each stand. Wood slides (phloem and xylem were taken at six positions along the trees and samples collected from fungal identification. Main results: A total of 21 fungal taxa were isolated and identified; eleven of these species belonged to the Ophiostomatoid group. Ophiostoma minus was the most frequently isolated fungus and was identified in 22% of the samples, mainly associated to dead and diseased trees. Research highlights: Together these results suggest a putative association of O. minor with the decline in this area, and thus we suggest paying more attention to this fungus as a potential agent of decline in P. pinaster stands.

Needle Terpenes as Chemotaxonomic Markers in Pinus: Subsections Pinus and Pinaster.

Science.gov (United States)

Mitić, Zorica S; Jovanović, Snežana Č; Zlatković, Bojan K; Nikolić, Biljana M; Stojanović, Gordana S; Marin, Petar D

2017-05-01

Chemical compositions of needle essential oils of 27 taxa from the section Pinus, including 20 and 7 taxa of the subsections Pinus and Pinaster, respectively, were compared in order to determine chemotaxonomic significance of terpenes at infrageneric level. According to analysis of variance, six out of 31 studied terpene characters were characterized by a high level of significance, indicating statistically significant difference between the examined subsections. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis has shown separation of eight groups, where representatives of subsect. Pinaster were distributed within the first seven groups on the dendrogram together with P. nigra subsp. laricio and P. merkusii from the subsect. Pinus. On the other hand, the eighth group included the majority of the members of subsect. Pinus. Our findings, based on terpene characters, complement those obtained from morphological, biochemical, and molecular parameters studied over the past two decades. In addition, results presented in this article confirmed that terpenes are good markers at infrageneric level. © 2017 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.

Characterization of a type-A response regulator differentially expressed during adventitious caulogenesis in Pinus pinaster.

Science.gov (United States)

Alvarez, José M; Cortizo, Millán; Ordás, Ricardo J

2012-12-15

The molecular cloning and characterization of PipsRR1, a type-A response regulator in Pinus pinaster, is reported here. Type-A response regulators mediate downstream responses to cytokinin and act as negative feedback regulators of the signal transduction pathway. Some type-A response regulators in Arabidopsis have been related to de novo meristem formation. However, little information exists in Pinus spp. The PipsRR1 gene contains 5 exons, as do all type-A response regulators in Arabidopsis, and the deduced protein contains a receiver domain with the conserved DDK residues and a short C terminal extension. Expression analysis showed that the PipsRR1 gene is differentially expressed during the first phases of adventitious caulogenesis induced by benzyladenine in P. pinaster cotyledons, suggesting that PipsRR1 plays a role in caulogenesis in conifers. Additionally, a binary vector carrying the PipsRR1 promoter driving GFP:GUS expression was constructed to analyze the promoter activity in P. pinaster somatic embryos. The results of genetic transformation showed GUS activity during somatic embryo mass proliferation and embryo maturation. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

The effects of fire severity on ectomycorrhizal colonization and morphometric features in Pinus pinaster Ait. seedlings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vásquez-Gassibe, P.; Oria-de-Rueda, J.A.; Santos-del-Blanco, L.; Martín-Pinto, P.

2016-07-01

Aim of study: Mycorrhizal fungi in Mediterranean forests play a key role in the complex process of recovery after wildfires. A broader understanding of an important pyrophytic species as Pinus pinaster and its fungal symbionts is thus necessary for forest restoration purposes. This study aims to assess the effects of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis on maritime pine seedlings and how fire severity affects fungal colonization ability. Area of study: Central Spain, in a Mediterranean region typically affected by wildfires dominated by Pinus pinaster, a species adapted to fire disturbance. Material and Methods: We studied P. pinaster root apexes from seedlings grown in soils collected one year after fire in undisturbed sites, sites moderately affected by fire and sites highly affected by fire. Natural ectomycorrhization was observed at the whole root system level as well as at two root vertical sections (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). We also measured several morphometric traits (tap root length, shoot length, dry biomass of shoots and root/shoot ratio), which were used to test the influence of fire severity and soil chemistry upon them. Main results: Ectomycorrhizal colonization in undisturbed soils for total and separated root vertical sections was higher than in soils that had been affected by fire to some degree. Inversely, seedling vegetative size increased according to fire severity. Research highlights: Fire severity affected soil properties and mycorrhizal colonization one year after occurrence, thus affecting plant development. These findings can contribute to a better knowledge of the factors mediating successful establishment of P. pinaster in Mediterranean forests after wildfires. (Author)

Short Communication. Recruitment and early growth of Pinus pinaster seedlings over five years after a wildfire in NW Spain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Calvo

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Aim of study: The main aim of this study was to analyse the post-fire recruitment and growth of Pinus pinaster seedlings during the first five years after wildfire and also to analyse the effects of climatic conditions on the survival of P. pinaster seedlingsArea of study: The study area was located in a P. pinaster stand in León province (NW Spain burned in 1998.Material and Methods: Three sites in the burned area were selected. In each site three permanent transects of 20m x 1m were placed. In each transect, twenty 1m2 sampling units were marked and the number and height of each pine seedlings was recorded at 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 months and 2, 3, 4 and 5 years after the wildfire. The soil of study area is Cambisol.Mean results: Mean Pinus regeneration densities varied between 33.2 seedlings/m2 after 7 months and 6 seedlings/m2 five years after wildfire. In this P. pinaster stand, maximum mortality appeared during the summer months in the first year of regeneration. There was a significant increase in seedling height associated with a decrease in density.Research highlights: The post-fire recruitment is considered enough to ensure good natural Pinus pinaster forest regeneration. In the short term post-fire management strategy in this type of forest could be the remaining branches with cones of burned trees that allow the dissemination of the seeds during the first few years after fire and ensure natural regeneration.Keywords: Fire effects; natural regeneration; León province (NW Spain; seedlings density; growth and survival.

Numerical simulations of fire spread in a Pinus pinaster needles fuel bed

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Menage, D; Chetehouna, K; Mell, W

2012-01-01

The main aim of this paper is to extend the cases of WFDS model validation by comparing its predictions to literature data on a ground fire spreading in a Pinus pinaster needles fuel bed. This comparison is based on the experimental results of Mendes-Lopes and co-workers. This study is performed using the same domain as in the experiments (3.0m×1.2m×0.9m) with a mesh of 49,280 cells. We investigate the influence of wind (varied between 0 and 2 m/s) and moisture content (10 and 18%) on the rate of spread. The WFDS rate of spread is determined using a cross-correlation function of ground temperature profiles. The simulated rate of spread, as well as temperature, compared favourably to experimental values and show the WFDS model capacity to predict ground fires in Pinus Pinaster fuel beds.

Numerical simulations of fire spread in a Pinus pinaster needles fuel bed

Science.gov (United States)

Menage, D.; Chetehouna, K.; Mell, W.

2012-11-01

The main aim of this paper is to extend the cases of WFDS model validation by comparing its predictions to literature data on a ground fire spreading in a Pinus pinaster needles fuel bed. This comparison is based on the experimental results of Mendes-Lopes and co-workers. This study is performed using the same domain as in the experiments (3.0m×1.2m×0.9m) with a mesh of 49,280 cells. We investigate the influence of wind (varied between 0 and 2 m/s) and moisture content (10 and 18%) on the rate of spread. The WFDS rate of spread is determined using a cross-correlation function of ground temperature profiles. The simulated rate of spread, as well as temperature, compared favourably to experimental values and show the WFDS model capacity to predict ground fires in Pinus Pinaster fuel beds.

Aplicaciones de la embriogénesis somática para la propagación y mejora de Quercus ilex L. y Pinus spp.

OpenAIRE

Blasco Carlos, Miquel

2013-01-01

Esta tesis está enfocada a la aplicación de la embriogénesis somática para la conservación y mejora de Quercus ilex L., Pinus pinaster Aiton y Pinus pinea L., especies forestales representativas de los bosques de la Península Ibérica. La propagación clonal mediante embriogénesis somática (ES) es la herramienta más adecuada para la propagación de genotipos de élite y para la implementación de la llamada silvicultura multivarietal. Además los cultivos embriogénicos son explantos adecuados para ...

Potencialidades do Pinus pinaster e Cytisus multiflorus na fitoestabilização de escombreiras na mina de ouro de Santo António (Penedono Potencialities of Pinus pinaster and Cytisus multiflorus on the phytostabilization of the Santo António (Penedono gold mine dumps

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M.M. Abreu

2007-07-01

Full Text Available A mina de Santo António, localizada a cerca de 10 km ao norte de Penedono (Viseu, foi um importante centro mineiro, tendo-se aí principalmente explorado o ouro e outros elementos químicos, como o arsénio. Actualmente, todo o complexo mineiro está abandonado e bastante degradado. As escombreiras, cortadas por dois barrancos de grande dimensão, estão sujeitas a intensa erosão eólica e hídrica. Estas apresentam teores totais elevados para vários elementos, dos quais se destacam As, Pb, Cd e Au que atingem, respectivamente, 40 000, 653, 14 e 9,8 mg kg-1 . Estudou-se na área mineira, e em particular na envolvente das escombreiras, os solos e as plantas aí desenvolvidas (Pinus pinaster, Quercus pyrenaica, Castanea sativa, Cytisus multiflorus e uma gramínea do género Agrostis. As águas de drenagem da escombreira não vegetalizada apresentavam valores de pH de 2,58 e teores de As e Cd respectivamente de 160 e 0,05 mg/L. As águas recolhidas a jusante de escombreiras vegetalizadas com pinheiros e giestas, mostraram um decréscimo drástico de todos os elementos, em especial do As que ocorria com valores ambientalmente aceitáveis (The Santo António mine is located 10 km north of Penedono (Viseu, Portugal. This mine was in the first half of the twenty’s century an important gold and arsenic mining centre. Nowadays the mining complex is abandoned and presents high level of physical degradation. The waste dumps crossed by two large gullies are under strong water and wind erosion. The total concentrations of As, Pb, Cd e Au, in the dump material reached values as high as 40 000, 653, 14 and 9,8 mg kg-1, respectively. Soils and native plants as Pinus pinaster, Quercus pyrenaica, Castanea sativa, Cytisus multiflorus and gramineous plants (gen. Agrostis from the mining area and the waste dumps surroundings were collect and analysed. The draining waters from a no vegetated dump presented a pH value of 2.58, and As and Cd concentrations of 160

Flow cytometric and morphological analyses of Pinus pinaster somatic embryogenesis.

Science.gov (United States)

Marum, Liliana; Loureiro, João; Rodriguez, Eleazar; Santos, Conceição; Oliveira, M Margarida; Miguel, Célia

2009-09-25

An approach combining morphological profiling and flow cytometric analysis was used to assess genetic stability during the several steps of somatic embryogenesis in Pinus pinaster. Embryogenic cell lines of P. pinaster were established from immature zygotic embryos excised from seeds obtained from open-pollinated trees. During the maturation stage, phenotype of somatic embryos was characterized as being either normal or abnormal. Based upon the prevalent morphological traits, different types of abnormal embryos underwent further classification and quantification. Nuclear DNA content of maritime pine using the zygotic embryos was estimated to be 57.04 pg/2C, using propidium iodide flow cytometry. According to the same methodology, no significant differences (P< or =0.01) in DNA ploidy were detected among the most frequently observed abnormal phenotypes, embryogenic cell lines, zygotic and normal somatic embryos, and somatic embryogenesis-derived plantlets. Although the differences in DNA ploidy level do not exclude the occurrence of a low level of aneuploidy, the results obtained point to the absence of major changes in ploidy level during the somatic embryogenesis process of this economically important species. Therefore, our primary goal of true-to-typeness was assured at this level.

Effect of diflubenzuron on the development of Pinus pinaster seedlings inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramos, Miguel A; Sousa, Nadine R; Franco, Albina R; Costa, Vítor; Oliveira, Rui S; Castro, Paula M L

2013-01-01

Diflubenzuron (DFB) is an insecticide commonly used to control forest pests. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of diflubenzuron on the development of Pinus pinaster seedlings and Pisolithus tinctorius under laboratory conditions and to study the possible protective role of this ectomycorrhizal fungus against the effects of diflubenzuron. In vitro experiments revealed that diflubenzuron inhibited fungal growth at all tested concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg L(-1)). Root growth was inhibited at the two highest diflubenzuron concentrations. The activity of the antioxidant defence system of non-inoculated P. pinaster increased at 1 and 10 mg DFB kg(-1) substrate, and inoculation increased the threshold to the highest concentration. The protective role of the ectomycorrhizal fungus was seen in the increase of CAT activity. This study revealed that despite causing no mortality, diflubenzuron has the ability to cause sub-lethal damage to P. pinaster. The disproportionate use of this insecticide may lead to higher amounts of its residues in soil and the biosphere, endangering trees, fungi and their symbiosis.

Ectomycorrhizal fungi as an alternative to the use of chemical fertilisers in nursery production of Pinus pinaster.

Science.gov (United States)

Sousa, Nadine R; Franco, Albina R; Oliveira, Rui S; Castro, Paula M L

2012-03-01

Addition of fertilisers is a common practice in nursery production of conifer seedlings. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can be an alternative to the use of chemical fertilisers in the nursery production of Pinus pinaster. A greenhouse nursery experiment was conducted by inoculating seedlings obtained from seeds of P. pinaster plus trees with a range of compatible ECM fungi: (1) Thelephora terrestris, (2) Rhizopogon vulgaris, (3) a mixture of Pisolithus tinctorius and Scleroderma citrinum, and (4) a mixture of Suillus bovinus, Laccaria laccata and Lactarius deterrimus, using forest soil as substrate. Plant development was assessed at two levels of N-P-K fertiliser (0 or 600 mg/seedling). Inoculation with a mixture of mycelium from S. bovinus, L. laccata and L. deterrimus and with a mixture of spores of P. tinctorius and S. citrinum improved plant growth and nutrition, without the need of fertiliser. Results indicate that selected ECM fungi can be a beneficial biotechnological tool in nursery production of P. pinaster. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A GIS-based multicriteria evaluation for aiding risk management Pinus pinaster Ait. forests: a case study in Corsican Island, western Mediterranean Region.

Science.gov (United States)

Pasqualini, Vanina; Oberti, Pascal; Vigetta, Stéphanie; Riffard, Olivier; Panaïotis, Christophe; Cannac, Magali; Ferrat, Lila

2011-07-01

Forest management can benefit from decision support tools, including GIS-based multicriteria decision-aiding approach. In the Mediterranean region, Pinus pinaster forests play a very important role in biodiversity conservation and offer many socioeconomic benefits. However, the conservation of this species is affected by the increase in forest fires and the expansion of Matsucoccus feytaudi. This paper proposes a methodology based on commonly available data for assessing the values and risks of P. pinaster forests and to generating maps to aid in decisions pertaining to fire and phytosanitary risk management. The criteria for assessing the values (land cover type, legislative tools for biodiversity conservation, environmental tourist sites and access routes, and timber yield) and the risks (fire and phytosanitation) of P. pinaster forests were obtained directly or by considering specific indicators, and they were subsequently aggregated by means of GIS-based multicriteria analysis. This approach was tested on the island of Corsica (France), and maps to aid in decisions pertaining to fire risk and phytosanitary risk (M. feytaudi) were obtained for P. pinaster forest management. Study results are used by the technical offices of the local administration-Corsican Agricultural and Rural Development Agency (ODARC)-for planning the conservation of P. pinaster forests with regard to fire prevention and safety and phytosanitary risks. The decision maker took part in the evaluation criteria study (weight, normalization, and classification of the values). Most suitable locations are given to target the public intervention. The methodology presented in this paper could be applied to other species and in other Mediterranean regions.

A GIS-Based Multicriteria Evaluation for Aiding Risk Management Pinus pinaster Ait. Forests: A Case Study in Corsican Island, Western Mediterranean Region

Science.gov (United States)

Pasqualini, Vanina; Oberti, Pascal; Vigetta, Stéphanie; Riffard, Olivier; Panaïotis, Christophe; Cannac, Magali; Ferrat, Lila

2011-07-01

Forest management can benefit from decision support tools, including GIS-based multicriteria decision-aiding approach. In the Mediterranean region, Pinus pinaster forests play a very important role in biodiversity conservation and offer many socioeconomic benefits. However, the conservation of this species is affected by the increase in forest fires and the expansion of Matsucoccus feytaudi. This paper proposes a methodology based on commonly available data for assessing the values and risks of P. pinaster forests and to generating maps to aid in decisions pertaining to fire and phytosanitary risk management. The criteria for assessing the values (land cover type, legislative tools for biodiversity conservation, environmental tourist sites and access routes, and timber yield) and the risks (fire and phytosanitation) of P. pinaster forests were obtained directly or by considering specific indicators, and they were subsequently aggregated by means of GIS-based multicriteria analysis. This approach was tested on the island of Corsica (France), and maps to aid in decisions pertaining to fire risk and phytosanitary risk ( M. feytaudi) were obtained for P. pinaster forest management. Study results are used by the technical offices of the local administration— Corsican Agricultural and Rural Development Agency (ODARC)—for planning the conservation of P. pinaster forests with regard to fire prevention and safety and phytosanitary risks. The decision maker took part in the evaluation criteria study (weight, normalization, and classification of the values). Most suitable locations are given to target the public intervention. The methodology presented in this paper could be applied to other species and in other Mediterranean regions.

In vitro co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: a biotechnological approach to study pine wilt disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Faria, Jorge M S; Sena, Inês; Vieira da Silva, Inês; Ribeiro, Bruno; Barbosa, Pedro; Ascensão, Lia; Bennett, Richard N; Mota, Manuel; Figueiredo, A Cristina

2015-06-01

Co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus were established as a biotechnological tool to evaluate the effect of nematotoxics addition in a host/parasite culture system. The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), was detected for the first time in Europe in 1999 spreading throughout the pine forests in Portugal and recently in Spain. Plant in vitro cultures may be a useful experimental system to investigate the plant/nematode relationships in loco, thus avoiding the difficulties of field assays. In this study, Pinus pinaster in vitro cultures were established and compared to in vivo 1 year-old plantlets by analyzing shoot structure and volatiles production. In vitro co-cultures were established with the PWN and the effect of the phytoparasite on in vitro shoot structure, water content and volatiles production was evaluated. In vitro shoots showed similar structure and volatiles production to in vivo maritime pine plantlets. The first macroscopic symptoms of PWD were observed about 4 weeks after in vitro co-culture establishment. Nematode population in the culture medium increased and PWNs were detected in gaps of the callus tissue and in cavities developed from the degradation of cambial cells. In terms of volatiles main components, plantlets, P. pinaster cultures, and P. pinaster with B. xylophilus co-cultures were all β- and α-pinene rich. Co-cultures may be an easy-to-handle biotechnological approach to study this pathology, envisioning the understanding of and finding ways to restrain this highly devastating nematode.

Silvicultural evaluations on maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton plantations in Istanbul

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Safa Balekoğlu

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Industrial plantations have substantially reduced the pressure on natural forests. There are approximately 80.000 hectares of industrial plantations, established with fast growing coniferous species, 77.000 hectares of which are maritime pine plantations in Turkey. Furthermore, approximately 16.000 hectares of maritime pine plantations, which amount to about 20 percent of all maritime pine plantations in Turkey, occur in Istanbul. The aim of this study is to determine the growth pattern of maritime pine plantations located in Anatolian and European Istanbul: Kanlıca, Beykoz, Sultanbeyli and Şile-Sahilköy; and Bahçeköy-Bentler, Arnavutköy and Terkos-Durusu respectively. Specifically, the study examined individual trees within the above-mentioned sites to determine the first thinning age of the plantations. In addition, some specific silvicultural suggestions were offered for the plantations. The minimum and maximum recorded values for the trees’ age, DBH, height and stem volume were found in the range of 22-50 years, 26.6-46.8 cm, 14.0-23.0 m and 0.5150-1.8560 m3 respectively. In order to take advantage of the fast growing attributes of maritime pine which was found to grow fast within first 10 years, the first thinning should commence at the age of 11-12 years; thereafter, the second thinning should commence at the age of 18-20 years; finally, the final cut should be performed when the plantation is approximately 30 years of age. If rotation age is considered 40 years, the third thinning should commence at the age of 30 years.

Aplicação do método de análise do tronco a povoamentos de Pinus pinaster na Zona do Pinhal

OpenAIRE

Grácio, C.

1992-01-01

Apresenta um estudo dendrométrico baseado na aplicação do método de análise do tronco em povoamentos de Pinus pinaster pertencentes a alguns concelhos do distrito de Castelo Branco. É uma abordagem preliminar integrada num projeto em curso na ESA-IPCB sobre "Estudos de Crescimento de e Produção em Povoamentos de Pinus pinaster na Região da Beira Interior".

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Pinus pinaster

OpenAIRE

Nouara Ait Mimoune; Djouher Ait Mimoune; Aziza Yataghene

2013-01-01

Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oils of Pinus pinaster. Methods: Essential oils were extracted from the needles by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the obtained essential oils was analyzed using GC-MS technique. The antimicrobial potential has been tested against six microorganisms performing the disc diffusion assay. Results: Twenty-three components have been identified. β-caryophyllene (30.9%) and β-seli...

Components from the Essential oil of Centaurea aeolica Guss. and C. diluta Aiton from Sicily, Italy

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Mariem Ben Jemia

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Volatile components from florets, leaves and stems and branches of Centaurea aeolica Guss. harvested in Lipari, Sicily, Italy, were analysed by gas phase chomatography (GC and gas chomatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS. The main constituents were β-eudesmol, caryophyllene oxide, ( E -12-norcaryophyll-5-en-2-one and hexahydrofarnesylacetone in flowers, hexahydrofarnesylacetone, 2-methyloctadecane and tricosane in the leaves and hexadecanoic acid , caryophyllene oxide and β-eudesmol in the stems and branches . The analysis of the essential oil of the aerial parts of Centaurea diluta Aiton gave mainly fatty acids and derivatives, the main ones being hexadecanoic acid and (Z,Z-9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester.

Substitution pattern elucidation of hydroxypropyl Pinus pinaster (Ait.) bark polyflavonoid derivatives by ESI(-)-MS/MS.

Science.gov (United States)

García Marrero, Danny E; Glasser, Wolfgang G; Pizzi, Antonio; Paczkowski, Sebastian; Laborie, Marie-Pierre G

2014-10-01

The structure of condensed tannins (CTs) from Pinus pinaster bark extract and their hydroxypropylated derivatives with four degrees of substitution (DS 1, 2, 3 and 4) has been characterized for the first time using negative-ion mode electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI(-)-MS/MS). The results showed that P. pinaster bark CTs possess structural homogeneity in terms of monomeric units (C(15), catechin). The oligomer sizes were detected to be dimers to heptamers. The derivatives showed typical phenyl-propyl ether mass fragmentation by substituent elimination (58 amu) and inherent C(15) flavonoid fissions. The relative abundance of the product ions revealed a preferential triple, tetra-/penta- and octa- hydroxypropylation substitution pattern in the monomer, dimer and trimer derivatives, respectively. A defined order of -OH reactivity towards propylene oxide was established by means of multistage experiments (A-ring ≥ B-ring > C-ring). A high structural heterogeneity of the modified oligomers was detected. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Hydraulic efficiency and safety of vascular and non-vascular components in Pinus pinaster leaves.

Science.gov (United States)

Charra-Vaskou, Katline; Badel, Eric; Burlett, Régis; Cochard, Hervé; Delzon, Sylvain; Mayr, Stefan

2012-09-01

Leaves, the distal section of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, exhibit the lowest water potentials in a plant. In contrast to angiosperm leaves, knowledge of the hydraulic architecture of conifer needles is scant. We investigated the hydraulic efficiency and safety of Pinus pinaster needles, comparing different techniques. The xylem hydraulic conductivity (k(s)) and embolism vulnerability (P(50)) of both needle and stem were measured using the cavitron technique. The conductance and vulnerability of whole needles were measured via rehydration kinetics, and Cryo-SEM and 3D X-ray microtomographic observations were used as reference tools to validate physical measurements. The needle xylem of P. pinaster had lower hydraulic efficiency (k(s) = 2.0 × 10(-4) m(2) MPa(-1) s(-1)) and safety (P(50) = - 1.5 MPa) than stem xylem (k(s) = 7.7 × 10(-4) m(2) MPa(-1) s(-1); P(50) = - 3.6 to - 3.2 MPa). P(50) of whole needles (both extra-vascular and vascular pathways) was - 0.5 MPa, suggesting that non-vascular tissues were more vulnerable than the xylem. During dehydration to - 3.5 MPa, collapse and embolism in xylem tracheids, and gap formation in surrounding tissues were observed. However, a discrepancy in hydraulic and acoustic results appeared compared with visualizations, arguing for greater caution with these techniques when applied to needles. Our results indicate that the most distal parts of the water transport pathway are limiting for hydraulics of P. pinaster. Needle tissues exhibit a low hydraulic efficiency and low hydraulic safety, but may also act to buffer short-term water deficits, thus preventing xylem embolism.

Efeito da cinza de biomassa na dinâmica do C e N do solo de uma plantação de pinus pinaster Wood ash effects on C and N dynamics of a soil from a pinus pinaster plantation

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Maria Xesús Gómez-Rey

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Estudou-se, através de incubação aeróbia, o efeito da aplicação de cinza de biomassa florestal nas características químicas e na actividade microbiana de um Arenossolo de um povoamento de Pinus pinaster Ait. As doses de cinza aplicadas foram de 0, 4, e 8 g kg-1 solo, sob forma pulverulenta ou peletizada, e na presença ou ausência de fertilizante azotado. A aplicação de cinza sob forma pulverulenta aumentou rápida e significativamente os valores de pH e os teores de bases de troca e de P extraível do solo. A nitrificação líquida foi igualmente estimulada. A quantidade de C microbiano nos solos com cinza pulverulenta foi inferior ao controlo, não sendo observados efeitos significativos para a respiração basal do solo. O quociente metabólico foi superior na fase inicial da incubação. Os efeitos observados foram, em geral, tanto mais intensos quanto maior a dose de cinza aplicada e mais acentuados na presença de N. A cinza aplicada sob forma peletizada não produziu um efeito tão acentuado nas características do solo nem na elevação da alcalinidade, determinando uma fraca influência na dinâmica de C e na produção de nitrato. Em sistemas como o estudado a aplicação de cinza sob forma peletizada é preferível, ao originar um efeito mais prolongado da sua acção, devendo ser acompanhada de fertilizantes azotados para aumentar a disponibilidade de N no solo.Effects of wood ash (loose and pelleted on chemical properties and microbial activity in an Arenosol from a Pinus pinaster plantation were assessed through laboratory incubation. Wood ash was applied at a rate of 0, 4 and 8 g kg-1 soil both alone or together with N. Loose ash significantly increased pH values and extractable nutrients from the soil. Net nitrification was stimulated by it application. Amounts of microbial biomass C were lower in soils with loose ash than in the control. Basal respiration was not affected by treatments. Effects increased with the

Incorporating exposure to pitch canker disease to support management decisions of Pinus pinaster Ait. in the face of climate change.

Science.gov (United States)

Serra-Varela, María Jesús; Alía, Ricardo; Pórtoles, Javier; Gonzalo, Julián; Soliño, Mario; Grivet, Delphine; Raposo, Rosa

2017-01-01

Climate change is gravely affecting forest ecosystems, resulting in large distribution shifts as well as in increasing infection diseases and biological invasions. Accordingly, forest management requires an evaluation of exposure to climate change that should integrate both its abiotic and biotic components. Here we address the implications of climate change in an emerging disease by analysing both the host species (Pinus pinaster, Maritime pine) and the pathogen's (Fusarium circinatum, pitch canker) environmental suitability i.e. estimating the host's risk of habitat loss and the disease`s future environmental range. We constrained our study area to the Spanish Iberian Peninsula, where accurate climate and pitch canker occurrence databases were available. While P. pinaster is widely distributed across the study area, the disease has only been detected in its north-central and north-western edges. We fitted species distribution models for the current distribution of the conifer and the disease. Then, these models were projected into nine Global Climate Models and two different climatic scenarios which totalled to 18 different future climate predictions representative of 2050. Based on the level of agreement among them, we created future suitability maps for the pine and for the disease independently, which were then used to assess exposure of current populations of P. pinaster to abiotic and biotic effects of climate change. Almost the entire distribution of P. pinaster in the Spanish Iberian Peninsula will be subjected to abiotic exposure likely to be driven by the predicted increase in drought events in the future. Furthermore, we detected a reduction in exposure to pitch canker that will be concentrated along the north-western edge of the study area. Setting up breeding programs is recommended in highly exposed and productive populations, while silvicultural methods and monitoring should be applied in those less productive, but still exposed, populations.

Susceptibility of three clinical isolates of Actinomodura madurae to α-pinene, the bioactive agent of Pinus pinaster turpentine oil

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Stojković D.

2008-01-01

Full Text Available In vitro susceptibility of the turpentine oil obtained from Pinus pinaster oleoresin was evaluated against three Sudanese clinical isolates of Actinomadura madurae, which is the main causative agent of actinomycetoma. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs of the oil ranged from 100.3 to 124.8 μL/mL, and the minimum microbicidal concentrations (MMCs were between 100.3 and 150.0 μL/mL. α-Pinene exhibited prominent bioactivity with MICs ranging between 3.3 and 5.0 μL/mL, while its MMC was 10.0 μL/mL against the same clinical isolates. Pinus pinaster turpentine oil and α-pinene might be useful agents in the treatment of mycetoma caused by A. madurae.

Biological characterization of young and aged embryogenic cultures of Pinus pinaster (Ait.)

OpenAIRE

Klimaszewska, Krystyna; Noceda, Carlos; Pelletier, Gervais; Label, Philippe; Rodriguez, Roberto; Lelu-Walter, Marie-Anne

2009-01-01

Pinus pinaster (Ait.) somatic embryogenesis (SE) has been developed during the last decade, and its application in tree improvement programs is underway. Nevertheless, a few more or less important problems still exist, which have an impact on the efficiency of specific SE stages. One phenomenon, which had been observed in embryogenic tissue (embryonal mass, EM) initiated from immature seed, has been the loss of the ability to produce mature somatic embryos after the tissue had been cultured f...

Germinação de aquênios de arnica (Lychnophora pinaster Mart. armazenados em diferentes condições Seed germination of arnica (Lychnophora pinaster Mart stored at different conditions

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Paulo Régis Bandeira de Melo

2007-02-01

Full Text Available A antecipação da coleta pode contribuir para redução da rápida deterioração das sementes no campo, preservando, assim, sua qualidade fisiológica. No caso da arnica (Lychnophora pinaster Mart., a formação dos aquênios ocorre de maneira desuniforme na planta, sendo dristibuída ao longo do período de frutificação. Assim, em se tratando de uma espécie medicinal não domesticada, ameaçada de extinção, e tendo seu potencial genético ainda pouco estudado, urge a necessidade de monitoramento do comportamento dos aquênios no armazenamento, visando garantir sua reprodução e conseqüente preservação. Esse trabalho foi conduzido com a finalidade de se verificar o desempenho germinativo de aquênios de arnica coletados em dois estádios de maturação e armazenados em diferentes condições. Os aquênios utilizados foram provenientes do município de Itumirim, MG, tendo a coleta sido realizada em dezembro de 2003, em função das características morfológicas dos capítulos, constituindo, assim, dois estádios de maturação. Após a coleta, os aquênios foram submetidos à secagem, pré-limpeza e separados com auxílio de um soprador vertical. Os aquênios foram acondicionados em dois tipos de embalagens (papel ou plástico e armazenados em diferentes ambientes (câmara fria a 10ºC/50%UR ou ambiente de laboratório, por um período de 6 meses. O teste de germinação foi conduzido em BOD ajustada à temperatura alternada 20-30ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. O substrato utilizado foi o papel mata-borrão e os aquênios foram dispostos em caixas plásticas tipo gerbox. Foram utilizadas 4 repetições de 100 aquênios para cada tratamento. A análise sanitária foi efetuada pelo método "Blotter test" com 4 repetições de 50 aquênios por tratamento. As avaliações da umidade, da qualidade fisiológica e sanitária foram realizadas aos 0, 2, 4 e 6 meses. Pelos resultados, verificou-se que não houve diferença entre as quatro condi

Characterization of juvenile maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) ectomycorrhizal fungal community using morphotyping, direct sequencing and fruitbodies sampling.

Science.gov (United States)

Pestaña Nieto, Montserrat; Santolamazza Carbone, Serena

2009-02-01

Using ectomycorrhizal root tip morphotyping (anatomical and morphological identification), molecular analysis (internal transcribed spacer region amplification and sequencing), and fruitbody sampling, we assessed diversity and composition of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community colonizing juvenile Pinus pinaster Ait. under natural conditions in NW Spain. Overall, we found 15 Basidiomycetes and two Ascomycetes. Members of the family Thelephoraceae represented up to 59.4% of the samples. The most frequent species was Tomentella sublilacina followed by Thelephora terrestris, Russula drimeia, Suillus bovinus, and Paxillus involutus, while the less frequent were Pseudotomentella tristis, Lactarius subdulcis, Russula ochroleuca, and Entoloma conferendum. From October 2007 to June 2008, we sampled 208 sporocarps belonging to seven genera and nine species: Thelephora terrestris, Paxillus involutus, Suillus bovinus, Xerocomus badius, Scleroderma verrucosum, Amanita gemmata, A. rubescens, Amanita sp., and Russula sp. The species belonging to the genus Amanita, X. badius and S. verrucosum were not found on root samples. By comparing our results with a bibliographic review of papers published from 1922 to 2006, we found five genera and six species which have not been previously reported in symbiosis with P. pinaster. This is the first time that the diversity of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community associated with P. pinaster was investigated using molecular techniques. Considering that only 38% of the genera found by sequencing were found as fruitbodies, we conclude that integrating morphotyping and sporocarps surveys with molecular analysis of ectomycorrhizas is important to documenting the ectomycorrhizal fungus community.

Pinus pinaster Knot: A Source of Polyphenols against Plasmopara viticola.

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Gabaston, Julien; Richard, Tristan; Cluzet, Stéphanie; Palos Pinto, Antonio; Dufour, Marie-Cécile; Corio-Costet, Marie-France; Mérillon, Jean-Michel

2017-10-11

Pine knot extract from Pinus pinaster byproducts was characterized by UHPLC-DAD-MS and NMR. Fourteen polyphenols divided into four classes were identified as follows: lignans (nortrachelogenin, pinoresinol, matairesinol, isolariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol), flavonoids (pinocembrin, pinobanksin, dihydrokaempferol, taxifolin), stilbenes (pinosylvin, pinosylvin monomethyl ether, pterostilbene), and phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid). The antifungal potential of pine knot extract, as well as the main compounds, was tested in vitro against Plasmopara viticola. The ethanolic extract showed a strong antimildew activity. In addition, pinosylvins and pinocembrin demonstrated significant inhibition of zoospore mobility and mildew development. These findings strongly suggest that pine knot is a potential biomass that could be used as a natural antifungal product.

Heavy metals biogeochemistry in abandoned mining areas

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Favas P. J. C.

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Plants growing on the abandoned Portuguese mines, highly contaminated with W, Sn, As, Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb, have been studied for their biogeochemical indication/prospecting and mine restoration potential. The results of analysis show that the species best suited for biogeochemical indicating are: aerial tissues of Halimium umbellatum (L. Spach, for As and W; leaves of Erica arborea L. for Bi, Sn, W and mostly Pb; stems of Erica arborea L. for Pb; needles of Pinus pinaster Aiton and aerial tissues of Pteridium aquilinum (L. Kuhn for W; and leaves of Quercus faginea Lam. for Sn. The aquatic plant studied (Ranunculus peltatus Schrank can be used to decrease the heavy metals, and arsenic amounts into the aquatic environment affected by acid mine drainages.

Pycnogenol Ameliorates Depression-Like Behavior in Repeated Corticosterone-Induced Depression Mice Model

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Lin Mei

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Oxidative stress is considered to be a mechanism of major depression. Pycnogenol (PYC is a natural plant extract from the bark of Pinus pinaster Aiton and has potent antioxidant activities. We studied the ameliorative effect of PYC on depression-like behavior in chronic corticosterone- (CORT- treated mice for 20 days. After the end of the CORT treatment period, PYC (0.2 mg/mL was orally administered in normal drinking water. Depression-like behavior was investigated by the forced swimming test. Immobility time was significantly longer by CORT exposure. When the CORT-treated mice were supplemented with PYC, immobility time was significantly shortened. Our results indicate that orally administered PYC may serve to reduce CORT-induced stress by radical scavenging activity.

Pinus pinaster seedlings and their fungal symbionts show high plasticity in phosphorus acquisition in acidic soils.

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Ali, M A; Louche, J; Legname, E; Duchemin, M; Plassard, C

2009-12-01

Young seedlings of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Soland in Aït.) were grown in rhizoboxes using intact spodosol soil samples from the southwest of France, in Landes of Gascogne, presenting a large variation of phosphorus (P) availability. Soils were collected from a 93-year-old unfertilized stand and a 13-year-old P. pinaster stand with regular annual fertilization of either only P or P and nitrogen (N). After 6 months of culture in controlled conditions, different morphotypes of ectomycorrhiza (ECM) were used for the measurements of acid phosphatase activity and molecular identification of fungal species using amplification of the ITS region. Total biomass, N and P contents were measured in roots and shoots of plants. Bicarbonate- and NaOH-available inorganic P (Pi), organic P (Po) and ergosterol concentrations were measured in bulk and rhizosphere soil. The results showed that bulk soil from the 93-year-old forest stand presented the highest Po levels, but relatively higher bicarbonate-extractable Pi levels compared to 13-year-old unfertilized stand. Fertilizers significantly increased the concentrations of inorganic P fractions in bulk soil. Ergosterol contents in rhizosphere soil were increased by fertilizer application. The dominant fungal species was Rhizopogon luteolus forming 66.6% of analysed ECM tips. Acid phosphatase activity was highly variable and varied inversely with bicarbonate-extractable Pi levels in the rhizosphere soil. Total P or total N in plants was linearly correlated with total plant biomass, but the slope was steep only between total P and biomass in fertilized soil samples. In spite of high phosphatase activity in ECM tips, P availability remained a limiting nutrient in soil samples from unfertilized stands. Nevertheless young P. pinaster seedlings showed a high plasticity for biomass production at low P availability in soils.

Diversity of bacteria associated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other nematodes isolated from Pinus pinaster trees with pine wilt disease.

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Proença, Diogo Neves; Francisco, Romeu; Santos, Clara Vieira; Lopes, André; Fonseca, Luís; Abrantes, Isabel M O; Morais, Paula V

2010-12-09

The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has been thought to be the only causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), however, since bacteria have been suggested to play a role in PWD, it is important to know the diversity of the microbial community associated to it. This study aimed to assess the microbial community associated with B. xylophilus and with other nematodes isolated from pine trees, Pinus pinaster, with PWD from three different affected forest areas in Portugal. One hundred and twenty three bacteria strains were isolated from PWN and other nematodes collected from 14 P. pinaster. The bacteria strains were identified by comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene partial sequence. All except one gram-positive strain (Actinobacteria) belonged to the gram-negative Beta and Gammaproteobacteria. Most isolates belonged to the genus Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Species isolated in higher percentage were Pseudomonas lutea, Yersinia intermedia and Burkholderia tuberum. The major bacterial population associated to the nematodes differed according to the forest area and none of the isolated bacterial species was found in all different forest areas. For each of the sampled areas, 60 to 100% of the isolates produced siderophores and at least 40% produced lipases. The ability to produce siderophores and lipases by most isolates enables these bacteria to have a role in plant physiological response. This research showed a high diversity of the microbial community associated with B. xylophilus and other nematodes isolated from P. pinaster with PWD.

PpRT1: the first complete gypsy-like retrotransposon isolated in Pinus pinaster.

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Rocheta, Margarida; Cordeiro, Jorge; Oliveira, M; Miguel, Célia

2007-02-01

We have isolated and characterized a complete retrotransposon sequence, named PpRT1, from the genome of Pinus pinaster. PpRT1 is 5,966 bp long and is closely related to IFG7 gypsy retrotransposon from Pinus radiata. The long terminal repeats (LTRs) have 333 bp each and show a 5.4% sequence divergence between them. In addition to the characteristic polypurine tract (PPT) and the primer binding site (PBS), PpRT1 carries internal regions with homology to retroviral genes gag and pol. The pol region contains sequence motifs related to the enzymes protease, reverse transcriptase, RNAseH and integrase in the same typical order known for Ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposons. PpRT1 was extended from an EST database sequence indicating that its transcription is occurring in pine tissues. Southern blot analyses indicate however, that PpRT1 is present in a unique or a low number of copies in the P. pinaster genome. The differences in nucleotide sequence found between PpRT1 and IFG7 may explain the strikingly different copy number in the two pine species genome. Based on the homologies observed when comparing LTR region among different gypsy elements we propose that the highly conserved LTR regions may be useful to amplify other retrotransposon sequences of the same or close retrotransposon family.

Evaluation of the present genetic conservation efforts in Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Quercus spp., Fagus sylvatica, and Pinus pinaster

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kramer, K.

2015-01-01

Information on genetic diversity and gene conservation activities were combined with climatic data to evaluate the present genetic conservation efforts in Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Quercus spp., Fagus sylvatica, and Pinus pinaster. Combinations of climatic variables explained much of the

Dehydrins in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) and their expression related to drought stress response

OpenAIRE

Velasco-Conde, Tania; Yakovlev, Igor; Majada, J.P. (Juan); Johnsen, Øystein

2014-01-01

Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) is an important commercial species throughout its Atlantic distribution. With the anticipated increase in desiccation of its habitat as a result of climate change, the selection of genotypes with increased survival and growth capability under these conditions for breeding programs is of great interest for this species. We aimed to study the response to a realistic drought stress under controlled conditions, looked for a method to measure dehydration resistance, ...

Determining mode I cohesive law of Pinus pinaster by coupling double cantilever beam test with digital image correlation

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J. Xavier

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The direct identification of the cohesive law in pure mode I of Pinus pinaster is addressed. The approach couples the double cantilever beam (DCB test with digital image correlation (DIC. Wooden beam specimens loaded in the radial-longitudinal (RL fracture propagation system are used. The strain energy release rate in mode I ( is uniquely determined from the load-displacement ( curve by means of the compliance-based beam method (CBBM. This method relies on the concept of equivalent elastic crack length ( and therefore does not require the monitoring of crack propagation during test. The crack tip opening displacement in mode I is determined from the displacement field at the initial crack tip. The cohesive law in mode I is then identified by numerical differentiation of the relationship. Moreover, the proposed procedure is validated by finite element analyses including cohesive zone modelling. It is concluded that the proposed data reduction scheme is adequate for assessing the cohesive law in pure mode I of P. pinaster

Changes in climate-growth relationships and IADF formation over time of pine species (Pinus halepensis, P. pinaster and P. sylvestris in Mediterranean environments

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Jorge Olivar

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Background: The Mediterranean basin has experienced an increase in the mean annual temperature, a decrease in the mean annual precipitation, and an increase in the frequency of severe drought periods during the second half of the 20th century. However, winter and spring precipitation has increased and summer precipitation has decreased in the western Mediterranean region. Aim of the study: The objectives of the present study were: i to compare changes in climate-growth relationships over time for Pinus halepensis, P. pinaster and P. sylvestris in Spain ii to quantify the presence of intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs on the three species, and iii to define the associated climatic variables. Area of study: 26 sampling sites (8 P. halepensis sites, 8 P. pinaster sites and 10 P. sylvestris sites were selected in their distribution area in Spain. Main results: Precipitation is the main factor influencing growth and IADF occurrence in the three species. Wet periods during previous winter and spring induced higher growth rates on P. halepensis and P. pinaster, while P. sylvestris was mostly influenced by summer precipitation. However, the influence of these climatic variables on the growth of these species changed over the studied period. The increase of winter and spring precipitation combined with increasingly harsh summer climatic conditions in the second half of the 20th century may have enhanced the importance of precipitation at the beginning of the growing season on the growth of species subject to higher summer drought stress (P. halepensis and P. pinaster and increased IADF occurrence. Research highlights: Besides reflecting changes in the environmental conditions during the growing season, the inclusion of IADF detection in chronologies adds new information to ring-width chronologies, thereby improving its quality.

Diversity of bacteria associated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other nematodes isolated from Pinus pinaster trees with pine wilt disease.

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Diogo Neves Proença

Full Text Available The pinewood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has been thought to be the only causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD, however, since bacteria have been suggested to play a role in PWD, it is important to know the diversity of the microbial community associated to it. This study aimed to assess the microbial community associated with B. xylophilus and with other nematodes isolated from pine trees, Pinus pinaster, with PWD from three different affected forest areas in Portugal. One hundred and twenty three bacteria strains were isolated from PWN and other nematodes collected from 14 P. pinaster. The bacteria strains were identified by comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene partial sequence. All except one gram-positive strain (Actinobacteria belonged to the gram-negative Beta and Gammaproteobacteria. Most isolates belonged to the genus Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Species isolated in higher percentage were Pseudomonas lutea, Yersinia intermedia and Burkholderia tuberum. The major bacterial population associated to the nematodes differed according to the forest area and none of the isolated bacterial species was found in all different forest areas. For each of the sampled areas, 60 to 100% of the isolates produced siderophores and at least 40% produced lipases. The ability to produce siderophores and lipases by most isolates enables these bacteria to have a role in plant physiological response. This research showed a high diversity of the microbial community associated with B. xylophilus and other nematodes isolated from P. pinaster with PWD.

Envelope-like retrotransposons in the plant kingdom: evidence of their presence in gymnosperms (Pinus pinaster).

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Miguel, Célia; Simões, Marta; Oliveira, Maria Margarida; Rocheta, Margarida

2008-11-01

Retroviruses differ from retrotransposons due to their infective capacity, which depends critically on the encoded envelope. Some plant retroelements contain domains reminiscent of the env of animal retroviruses but the number of such elements described to date is restricted to angiosperms. We show here the first evidence of the presence of putative env-like gene sequences in a gymnosperm species, Pinus pinaster (maritime pine). Using a degenerate primer approach for conserved domains of RNaseH gene, three clones from putative envelope-like retrotransposons (PpRT2, PpRT3, and PpRT4) were identified. The env-like sequences of P. pinaster clones are predicted to encode proteins with transmembrane domains. These sequences showed identity scores of up to 30% with env-like sequences belonging to different organisms. A phylogenetic analysis based on protein alignment of deduced aminoacid sequences revealed that these clones clustered with env-containing plant retrotransposons, as well as with retrotransposons from invertebrate organisms. The differences found among the sequences of maritime pine clones isolated here suggest the existence of different putative classes of env-like retroelements. The identification for the first time of env-like genes in a gymnosperm species may support the ancestrality of retroviruses among plants shedding light on their role in plant evolution.

Intraspecific variation in Pinus pinaster PSII photochemical efficiency in response to winter stress and freezing temperatures.

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Leyre Corcuera

Full Text Available As part of a program to select maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait. genotypes for resistance to low winter temperatures, we examined variation in photosystem II activity by chlorophyll fluorescence. Populations and families within populations from contrasting climates were tested during two consecutive winters through two progeny trials, one located at a continental and xeric site and one at a mesic site with Atlantic influence. We also obtained the LT₅₀, or the temperature that causes 50% damage, by controlled freezing and the subsequent analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence in needles and stems that were collected from populations at the continental trial site.P. pinaster showed sensitivity to winter stress at the continental site, during the colder winter. The combination of low temperatures, high solar irradiation and low precipitation caused sustained decreases in maximal photochemical efficiency (F(v/F(m, quantum yield of non-cyclic electron transport (Φ(PSII and photochemical quenching (qP. The variation in photochemical parameters was larger among families than among populations, and population differences appeared only under the harshest conditions at the continental site. As expected, the environmental effects (winter and site on the photochemical parameters were much larger than the genotypic effects (population or family. LT₅₀ was closely related to the minimum winter temperatures of the population's range. The dark-adapted F(v/F(m ratio discriminated clearly between interior and coastal populations.In conclusion, variations in F(v/F(m, Φ(PSII, qP and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ in response to winter stress were primarily due to the differences between the winter conditions and the sites and secondarily due to the differences among families and their interactions with the environment. Populations from continental climates showed higher frost tolerance (LT₅₀ than coastal populations that typically experience mild

Intraspecific variation in Pinus pinaster PSII photochemical efficiency in response to winter stress and freezing temperatures.

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Corcuera, Leyre; Gil-Pelegrin, Eustaquio; Notivol, Eduardo

2011-01-01

As part of a program to select maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) genotypes for resistance to low winter temperatures, we examined variation in photosystem II activity by chlorophyll fluorescence. Populations and families within populations from contrasting climates were tested during two consecutive winters through two progeny trials, one located at a continental and xeric site and one at a mesic site with Atlantic influence. We also obtained the LT₅₀, or the temperature that causes 50% damage, by controlled freezing and the subsequent analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence in needles and stems that were collected from populations at the continental trial site.P. pinaster showed sensitivity to winter stress at the continental site, during the colder winter. The combination of low temperatures, high solar irradiation and low precipitation caused sustained decreases in maximal photochemical efficiency (F(v)/F(m)), quantum yield of non-cyclic electron transport (Φ(PSII)) and photochemical quenching (qP). The variation in photochemical parameters was larger among families than among populations, and population differences appeared only under the harshest conditions at the continental site. As expected, the environmental effects (winter and site) on the photochemical parameters were much larger than the genotypic effects (population or family). LT₅₀ was closely related to the minimum winter temperatures of the population's range. The dark-adapted F(v)/F(m) ratio discriminated clearly between interior and coastal populations.In conclusion, variations in F(v)/F(m), Φ(PSII), qP and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in response to winter stress were primarily due to the differences between the winter conditions and the sites and secondarily due to the differences among families and their interactions with the environment. Populations from continental climates showed higher frost tolerance (LT₅₀) than coastal populations that typically experience mild winters

Analysis of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX gene family in Pinus pinaster: New insights into the gene family evolution.

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Alvarez, José M; Bueno, Natalia; Cañas, Rafael A; Avila, Concepción; Cánovas, Francisco M; Ordás, Ricardo J

2018-02-01

WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) genes are key players controlling stem cells in plants and can be divided into three clades according to the time of their appearance during plant evolution. Our knowledge of stem cell function in vascular plants other than angiosperms is limited, they separated from gymnosperms ca 300 million years ago and their patterning during embryogenesis differs significantly. For this reason, we have used the model gymnosperm Pinus pinaster to identify WOX genes and perform a thorough analysis of their gene expression patterns. Using transcriptomic data from a comprehensive range of tissues and stages of development we have shown three major outcomes: that the P. pinaster genome encodes at least fourteen members of the WOX family spanning all the major clades, that the genome of gymnosperms contains a WOX gene with no homologues in angiosperms representing a transitional stage between intermediate- and WUS-clade proteins, and that we can detect discrete WUS and WOX5 transcripts for the first time in a gymnosperm. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Analysis of genetic stability at SSR loci during somatic embryogenesis in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster).

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Marum, Liliana; Rocheta, Margarida; Maroco, João; Oliveira, M Margarida; Miguel, Célia

2009-04-01

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a propagation tool of particular interest for accelerating the deployment of new high-performance planting stock in multivarietal forestry. However, genetic conformity in in vitro propagated plants should be assessed as early as possible, especially in long-living trees such as conifers. The main objective of this work was to study such conformity based on genetic stability at simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci during somatic embryogenesis in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Embryogenic cell lines (ECLs) subjected to tissue proliferation during 6, 14 or 22 months, as well as emblings regenerated from several ECLs, were analyzed. Genetic variation at seven SSR loci was detected in ECLs under proliferation conditions for all time points, and in 5 out of 52 emblings recovered from somatic embryos. Three of these five emblings showed an abnormal phenotype consisting mainly of plagiotropism and loss of apical dominance. Despite the variation found in somatic embryogenesis-derived plant material, no correlation was established between genetic stability at the analyzed loci and abnormal embling phenotype, present in 64% of the emblings. The use of microsatellites in this work was efficient for monitoring mutation events during the somatic embryogenesis in P. pinaster. These molecular markers should be useful in the implementation of new breeding and deployment strategies for improved trees using SE.

Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea and Pinus sylvestris Essential Oils Chemotypes and Monoterpene Hydrocarbon Enantiomers, before and after Inoculation with the Pinewood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

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Rodrigues, Ana M; Mendes, Marta D; Lima, Ana S; Barbosa, Pedro M; Ascensão, Lia; Barroso, José G; Pedro, Luis G; Mota, Manuel M; Figueiredo, A Cristina

2017-01-01

Pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the causal agent of pine wilt disease, a serious threat to global forest populations of conifers, especially Pinus spp. A time-course study of the essential oils (EOs) of 2-year-old Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea and Pinus sylvestris following inoculation with the PWN was performed. The constitutive and nematode inoculation induced EOs components were analyzed at both the wounding or inoculation areas and at the whole plant level. The enantiomeric ratio of optically active main EOs components was also evaluated. External symptoms of infection were observed only in P. pinaster and P. sylvestris 21 and 15 days after inoculation, respectively. The EO composition analysis of uninoculated and unwounded plants revealed the occurrence of chemotypes for P. pinaster, P. halepensis and P. sylvestris, whereas P. pinea showed a homogenous EO composition. When whole plants were evaluated for EO and monoterpene hydrocarbon enantiomeric chemical composition, no relevant qualitative and quantitative differences were found. Instead, EO analysis of inoculated and uninoculated wounded areas revealed an increase of sesquiterpenes and diterpenic compounds, especially in P. pinea and P. halepensis, comparatively to healthy whole plants EOs. © 2017 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.

The necrotroph Botrytis cinerea induces a non-host type II resistance mechanism in Pinus pinaster suspension-cultured cells.

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Azevedo, Herlânder; Lino-Neto, Teresa; Tavares, Rui Manuel

2008-03-01

Models of non-host resistance have failed to account for the pathogenicity of necrotrophic agents. During the interaction of Pinus pinaster (maritime pine) with the non-host necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea, the generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the induction of the hypersensitive response (HR) were analyzed. Elicitation of maritime pine suspended cells with B. cinerea spores resulted in the biphasic induction of ROS. The phase I oxidative burst was dependent on calcium influx, while the phase II oxidative burst also depended on NADPH oxidase, protein kinase activity, and de novo transcription and protein synthesis. A decline was observed in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, together with the down-regulation of Fe-Sod1, chlCu, Zn-Sod1 and csApx1, suggesting a coordinated response towards a decrease in the ROS-scavenging capacity of maritime pine cells during challenge. Following the second oxidative burst, programmed cell death events characteristic of the HR were observed. The results suggest the ROS-mediated and cell-breach-independent activation of Type II non-host resistance during the P. pinaster-B. cinerea interaction.

Antibacterial Activity of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton Hassk. Leaf Extract against Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes

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Surasak Limsuwan

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Ethanol extract of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton Hassk. leaf was evaluated for antibacterial activity against 47 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes. The extract exhibited good anti-S. pyogenes activity against all the tested isolates with similar minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, 3.91–62.5 μg mL−1 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC, 3.91–62.5 μg mL−1 ranges. No surviving cells were detected at 16 h after treatment with 8 × MIC of the extract. The extract-treated cells demonstrated no lysis and cytoplasmic leakage through the bacterial membrane. Electron micrographs further revealed that the extract did not cause any dramatic changes on the treated cells. Rhodomyrtone, an isolated compound, exhibited good anti-S. pyogenes activity (14 isolates, expressed very low MIC (0.39–1.56 μg mL−1 and MBC (0.39-1.56 μg mL−1 values. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract and rhodomyrtone displayed promising antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of S. pyogenes.

Profiling of the Major Phenolic Compounds and Their Biosynthesis Genes in Sophora flavescens Aiton

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Jeongyeo Lee

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Sophorae Radix (Sophora flavescens Aiton has long been used in traditional medicine in East Asia due to the various biological activities of its secondary metabolites. Endogenous contents of phenolic compounds (phenolic acid, flavonol, and isoflavone and the main bioactive compounds of Sophorae Radix were analyzed based on the qualitative HPLC analysis and evaluated in different organs and at different developmental stages. In total, 11 compounds were detected, and the composition of the roots and aerial parts (leaves, stems, and flowers was significantly different. trans-Cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid were observed only in the aerial parts. Large amounts of rutin and maackiain were detected in the roots. Four phenolic acid compounds (benzoic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and chlorogenic acid and four flavonol compounds (kaempferol, catechin hydrate, epicatechin, and rutin were higher in aerial parts than in roots. To identify putative genes involved in phenolic compounds biosynthesis, a total of 41 transcripts were investigated. Expression patterns of these selected genes, as well as the multiple isoforms for the genes, varied by organ and developmental stage, implying that they are involved in the biosynthesis of various phenolic compounds both spatially and temporally.

"Contrasting patterns of selection at Pinus pinaster Ait. Drought stress candidate genes as revealed by genetic differentiation analyses".

Science.gov (United States)

Eveno, Emmanuelle; Collada, Carmen; Guevara, M Angeles; Léger, Valérie; Soto, Alvaro; Díaz, Luis; Léger, Patrick; González-Martínez, Santiago C; Cervera, M Teresa; Plomion, Christophe; Garnier-Géré, Pauline H

2008-02-01

The importance of natural selection for shaping adaptive trait differentiation among natural populations of allogamous tree species has long been recognized. Determining the molecular basis of local adaptation remains largely unresolved, and the respective roles of selection and demography in shaping population structure are actively debated. Using a multilocus scan that aims to detect outliers from simulated neutral expectations, we analyzed patterns of nucleotide diversity and genetic differentiation at 11 polymorphic candidate genes for drought stress tolerance in phenotypically contrasted Pinus pinaster Ait. populations across its geographical range. We compared 3 coalescent-based methods: 2 frequentist-like, including 1 approach specifically developed for biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) here and 1 Bayesian. Five genes showed outlier patterns that were robust across methods at the haplotype level for 2 of them. Two genes presented higher F(ST) values than expected (PR-AGP4 and erd3), suggesting that they could have been affected by the action of diversifying selection among populations. In contrast, 3 genes presented lower F(ST) values than expected (dhn-1, dhn2, and lp3-1), which could represent signatures of homogenizing selection among populations. A smaller proportion of outliers were detected at the SNP level suggesting the potential functional significance of particular combinations of sites in drought-response candidate genes. The Bayesian method appeared robust to low sample sizes, flexible to assumptions regarding migration rates, and powerful for detecting selection at the haplotype level, but the frequentist-like method adapted to SNPs was more efficient for the identification of outlier SNPs showing low differentiation. Population-specific effects estimated in the Bayesian method also revealed populations with lower immigration rates, which could have led to favorable situations for local adaptation. Outlier patterns are discussed

Effects of Recent Minimum Temperature and Water Deficit Increases on Pinus pinaster Radial Growth and Wood Density in Southern Portugal.

Science.gov (United States)

Kurz-Besson, Cathy B; Lousada, José L; Gaspar, Maria J; Correia, Isabel E; David, Teresa S; Soares, Pedro M M; Cardoso, Rita M; Russo, Ana; Varino, Filipa; Mériaux, Catherine; Trigo, Ricardo M; Gouveia, Célia M

2016-01-01

Western Iberia has recently shown increasing frequency of drought conditions coupled with heatwave events, leading to exacerbated limiting climatic conditions for plant growth. It is not clear to what extent wood growth and density of agroforestry species have suffered from such changes or recent extreme climate events. To address this question, tree-ring width and density chronologies were built for a Pinus pinaster stand in southern Portugal and correlated with climate variables, including the minimum, mean and maximum temperatures and the number of cold days. Monthly and maximum daily precipitations were also analyzed as well as dry spells. The drought effect was assessed using the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration (SPEI) multi-scalar drought index, between 1 to 24-months. The climate-growth/density relationships were evaluated for the period 1958-2011. We show that both wood radial growth and density highly benefit from the strong decay of cold days and the increase of minimum temperature. Yet the benefits are hindered by long-term water deficit, which results in different levels of impact on wood radial growth and density. Despite of the intensification of long-term water deficit, tree-ring width appears to benefit from the minimum temperature increase, whereas the effects of long-term droughts significantly prevail on tree-ring density. Our results further highlight the dependency of the species on deep water sources after the juvenile stage. The impact of climate changes on long-term droughts and their repercussion on the shallow groundwater table and P. pinaster's vulnerability are also discussed. This work provides relevant information for forest management in the semi-arid area of the Alentejo region of Portugal. It should ease the elaboration of mitigation strategies to assure P. pinaster's production capacity and quality in response to more arid conditions in the near future in the region.

The adjustment of global and partial dry biomass models for Pinus pinaster in the North-East of Portugal

OpenAIRE

Lopes, Domingos; Almeida, L.R.; Castro, João Paulo; Aranha, José

2005-01-01

Ecosystems net primary production quantification can be done by means of allometric equations. Carbon sequestration studies also involve the quantification of growth dry biomass, knowing the carbon percentage of dry biomass. Fieldwork complexity to collect these kind of data are often limitative for obtaining these mathematical models. Allometric equations were adjusted to estimate dry biomass of individual Pinus pinaster trees, using data from 30 trees. Statisticals form the final equatio...

Relationship between lignin structure and delignification degree in Pinus pinaster kraft pulps.

Science.gov (United States)

Baptista, C; Robert, D; Duarte, A P

2008-05-01

This study examines the structure of residual and dissolved lignins from Pinus pinaster pulps obtained at different degrees of delignification by laboratory conventional kraft pulping. The cooking H factor was varied from 85 to 8049. The residual and dissolved lignin samples were characterised by elemental analysis, residual carbohydrate content, permanganate oxidation and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The reflectance factor of the pulps was also determined in order to tentatively correlate the delignification degree and residual lignin structure with the pulp colour. The obtained results confirmed that the delignification degree increases the condensation of the lignin structure, which might have an influence upon the observed increased pulp colour. The lack of selectivity of kraft pulping process in the case of more delignified pulps was also shown.

Carbon stable isotope-climate association in tree rings of Pinus pinaster and Pinus sylvestris in Mediterranean environments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bogino, Stella M; Bravo, Felipe

2014-01-01

Carbon isotope ratios, recorded as "1"3C/"1"2C variations in tree rings of woody species, are the result of physiological changes related to environmental conditions. The objective of this work was to analyze the association among carbon thirteen variability (δ"1"3C), climate variables and tree-ring growth of Pinus pinaster and Pinus sylvestris in central Spain. Pulverized woody material from the period 1975-1999 from four trees for each pine species was analyzed. To detect common patterns in δ"1"3C within each species and between δ"1"3C and growth indices, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. δ"1"3C of trees and the residual tree-ring chronologies were used at the PCA. Multilevel mixed linear models were applied between intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and climate variables. Our results show an inverse significant correlation between δ"1"3C and tree-ring growth of both species. Winter and spring air moisture was negatively correlated with iWUE of Pinus pinaster. July maximum temperature was positively correlated with iWUE of Pinus sylvestris. As δ"1"3C is significantly related to climate and growth and it may be recommended as a valuable tool for tree growth dynamic analysis to withstand increasingly stressful climate conditions

A comparison of estimation methods for fitting Weibull, Johnson's SB and beta functions to Pinus pinaster, Pinus radiata and Pinus sylvestris stands in northwest Spain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gorgoseo, J. J.; Rojo, A.; Camara-Obregon, A.; Dieguez-Aranda, U.

2012-07-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the Weibull, Johnson's SB and beta distributions, fitted with some of the most usual methods and with different fixed values for the location parameters, for describing diameter distributions in even-aged stands of Pinus pinaster, Pinus radiata and Pinus sylvestris in northwest Spain. A total of 155 permanent plots in Pinus sylvestris stands throughout Galicia, 183 plots in Pinus pinaster stands throughout Galicia and Asturias and 325 plots in Pinus radiata stands in both regions were measured to describe the diameter distributions. Parameters of the Weibull function were estimated by Moments and Maximum Likelihood approaches, those of Johnson's SB function by Conditional Maximum Likelihood and by Knoebel and Burkhart's method, and those of the beta function with the method based on the moments of the distribution. The beta and the Johnson's SB functions were slightly superior to Weibull function for Pinus pinaster stands; the Johnson's SB and beta functions were more accurate in the best fits for Pinus radiata stands, and the best results of the Weibull and the Johnson's SB functions were slightly superior to beta function for Pinus sylvestris stands. However, the three functions are suitable for this stands with an appropriate value of the location parameter and estimation of parameters method. (Author) 44 refs.

Using bomb calorimetry for determination of risk indices of wildfires originating from pine residues

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nunez Regueira, L.; Rodriguez Anon, J.A.; Proupin Castineiras, J.; Vilanova Diz, A.; Romero Garcia, A. [Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Facultade de Fisica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, 15782 , A Coruna Santiago de Compostela (Spain)

2002-10-19

Pine trees, mainly Pinus pinaster Aiton, now cover 640,000ha of the forest occupied surface in Galicia. The possibility of using the residues originating from pine tree exploitation as an alternative energy source could yield to gross benefit around 2.8x10{sup 8} euros per year, together with ecological advantages.The object of the present study is the evaluation of the energy contained in these residues through the measurement of their caloric values using a static bomb calorimeter. At the same time, flammabilities were measured by a standard epiradiator thus allowing the calculation of risk indices. This latter is very important to fight and prevent the start and spreading of forest fires.Elementary chemical composition was also determined using an elementary chemical analyser. Biological and bioclimatic parameters, which are very useful for the evaluation of caloric values and flammabilities over the year, were used for discussion of results.

Pinus Pinaster surface treatment realized in spatial and temporal afterglow DBD conditions

Science.gov (United States)

Lecoq, E.; Clément, F.; Panousis, E.; Loiseau, J.-F.; Held, B.; Castetbon, A.; Guimon, C.

2008-04-01

This experimental work deals with the exposition of Pinus Pinaster wood samples to a DBD afterglow. Electrical parameters like duty cycle and injected energy in the gas are being varied and the modifications induced by the afterglow on the wood are analysed by several macroscopic and microscopic ways like wettability, XPS analyses and also soaking tests of treated wood in a commercial fungicide solution. Soaking tests show that plasma treatment could enhance the absorption of fungicide into the wood. The wettability results point out that the plasma treatment can inflict on the wood different surface properties, making it hydrophilic or hydrophobic, when varying electrical parameters. XPS analyses reveal several chemical modifications like an increase of the O/C ratio and the presence of carboxyl groups on the surface after plasma treatments.

Soil moisture spatio-temporal behavior of Pinus pinaster stands on sandy flatlands of central Spain.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gomez-Sanz, V.; Garcia-Vinas, J. I.

2011-07-01

Pinus pinaster stands in the center of the Iberian Peninsula frequently grow in a unique hydrological system characterized by a variable groundwater table near the soil surface and highly permeable soils (arenosols). Over the last few decades, this superficial aquifer has been overused as a water resource, especially for irrigated crops. Overuse has reached a critical level and has caused various environmental impacts and a water sustainability crisis wherein rainfall variability does not allow for a sufficient level of aquifer recharge by natural means. Within this changing scenario, soil water significantly affects the spatio-temporal ecological response, necessitating more extensive characterization of the complex soil-tree water relationship. The primary goal of the present work was to evaluate the influence of root zone soil moisture on the observed spatial response of Pinus pinaster stands. Volumetric soil moisture content was measured at eleven forest sites, using time-domain reflectometry (TDR), over a two-year observation period. The results demonstrate that the combined effect of groundwater table proximity and dune morphology associated with this area are the main factors driving very different water availability conditions among the monitored hydrological response units, which modulate maritime pine installation and development. Topographically lower areas are more heterogeneous in terms of soil moisture behavior. In these areas, the conifer forests that are connected to the water table may be the most sensitive to land use changes within current environmental change scenarios. Consequently, in these pine ecosystems, the combined influences of geomorphology and water table proximity on variations in root zone soil moisture are essential and must be considered to develop adequate adaptive management models. (Author) 25 refs.

Estimation of crown biomass of Pinus pinaster stands and shrubland above-ground biomass using forest inventory data, remotely sensed imagery and spatial prediction models

Science.gov (United States)

H. Viana; J. Aranha; D. Lopes; Warren B. Cohen

2012-01-01

Spatially crown biomass of Pinus pinaster stands and shrubland above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation was carried-out in a region located in Centre-North Portugal, by means of different approaches including forest inventory data, remotely sensed imagery and spatial prediction models. Two cover types (pine stands and shrubland) were inventoried and...

Influence of instantaneous controlled pressure drop extraction conditions on composition and oil yield from Maritime Pine (Pinus Pinaster)

OpenAIRE

Rezzoug , Sid-Ahmed; Janocka , Ingrid

2007-01-01

International audience; Experiments to extract the essential oil from maritime pine (pinus pinaster) were carried out using the instantaneous controlled pressure drop process: "Détente Instantanée Contrôlée" (D.I.C). This process involves subjecting the maritime pine needles for a short period of time to a steam pressure varying from 2 to 5 bar (120 to 150 °C) during a fixed processing time, followed by an instantaneous decompression towards a vacuum (about 50 mbar). In this contribution, we ...

Two differentially regulated phosphate transporters from the symbiotic fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum and phosphorus acquisition by ectomycorrhizal Pinus pinaster.

Science.gov (United States)

Tatry, Marie-Violaine; El Kassis, Elie; Lambilliotte, Raphaël; Corratgé, Claire; van Aarle, Ingrid; Amenc, Laurie K; Alary, Rémi; Zimmermann, Sabine; Sentenac, Hervé; Plassard, Claude

2009-03-01

Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis markedly improves plant phosphate uptake, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this benefit are still poorly understood. We identified two ESTs in a cDNA library prepared from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum with significant similarities to phosphate transporters from the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus versiforme and from non-mycorrhizal fungi. The full-length cDNAs corresponding to these two ESTs complemented a yeast phosphate transport mutant (Deltapho84). Measurements of (33)P-phosphate influx into yeast expressing either cDNA demonstrated that the encoded proteins, named HcPT1 and HcPT2, were able to mediate Pi:H(+) symport with different affinities for Pi (K(m) values of 55 and 4 mum, respectively). Real-time RT-PCR showed that Pi starvation increased the levels of HcPT1 transcripts in H. cylindrosporum hyphae grown in pure culture. Transcript levels of HcPT2 were less dependent on Pi availability. The two transporters were expressed in H. cylindrosporum associated with its natural host plant, Pinus pinaster, grown under low or high P conditions. The presence of ectomycorrhizae increased net Pi uptake rates into intact Pinus pinaster roots at low or high soil P levels. The expression patterns of HcPT1 and HcPT2 indicate that the two fungal phosphate transporters may be involved in uptake of phosphate from the soil solution under the two soil P availability conditions used.

Some physicochemical characteristics of pinus (Pinus halepensis Mill., Pinus pinea L., Pinus pinaster and Pinus canariensis) seeds from North Algeria, their lipid profiles and volatile contents.

Science.gov (United States)

Kadri, Nabil; Khettal, Bachra; Aid, Yasmine; Kherfellah, Souraya; Sobhi, Widad; Barragan-Montero, Veronique

2015-12-01

Physicochemical characteristics of seeds of some pinus species (Pinus halepensis Mill., Pinus pinea L., Pinus pinaster and Pinus canariensis) grown in North Algeria were determined. The results showed that the seeds consist of 19.8-36.7% oil, 14.25-26.62% protein, 7.8-8.6% moisture. Phosphorus, potassium and magnesium were the predominant elements present in seeds. Pinus seed's oil physicochemical properties show acid values (4.9-68.9), iodine values (93.3-160.4) and saponification values (65.9-117.9). Oil analysis showed that the major unsaturated fatty acids for the four species were linoleic acid (30-59%) and oleic acid (17.4-34.6%), while the main saturated fatty acid was palmitic acid (5-29%). Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry analysis of P. halepensis Mill., P. pinaster and P. canariensis volatile oils indicated that the major volatile compound was the limonene with relative percentage of 3.1, 7.5 and 10.8, respectively. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

First report of shoot blight and dieback caused by Diplodia pinea on Pinus pinaster and P. radiata trees in Tunisia

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B.T. Linaldeddu

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Damage caused by Diplodia pinea on Pinus pinaster and P. radiata forests are reported for the fi rst time in Tunisia. The affected plants show shoot blight, canker and branch dieback. On decaying and dead branches pycnidia of D. pinea are observed. The fungus was repeatedly isolated from the bark of symptomatic branches. The results of pathogenicity tests confirm the virulence of D. pinea and the susceptibility of both Pinus species to infection.

Biomass accumulation and carbon sequestration after heavy mechanical thinning on post-fire Pinus pinaster see dings (Monte Fraguas, Guadalajara, Central Spain); Distribucion de biomasa y fijacion de carbono tras clareos mecanizados intensos en regenerado post-incendio Pinus pinaster Ait. (Monte Fraguas, Guadalajara, Espana)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Madrigal, J.; Hernando, C.; Guijarro, M.; Diez, C.; Jimenez, E.

2006-07-01

An experience has been conducted on Pinus pinaster stand in Guadalajara (Central Spain) affected by a wildfire in 1992 to evaluate biomass allocation of different seeding fractions and to quantify the differences between two heavy pine seeding mechanical thinning. Nine permanent plots ( 20 m x 20 m) were installed in the study area, in 2000. After measuring initial seeding density (10,000 seedlings/ha), a completely randomized block design was used. Three plots remained as control, three were treated with a heavy pine seedling thinning and the other three were treated with a very heavy pine seedling thinning. In each plot, a yearly dasonomic inventory and a biomass destructive inventory every two years, removing 10 representative seedlings of each treatment, were carried out. Multiplicative models (y=ax''b) have been elaborated in order to relate dasometric variables with the biomass obtained through destructive samplings. The highest correlation coefficients (from 0.80 to 0.97) were obtained for the stem groundline diameter. Results show that biomass accumulation of different seedling fractions is significantly different among treatments, being the increment of C higher with the heaviest thinning. These changes were higher the two first years after thinning. Nevertheless, Carbon sequestration of the stand was significantly higher in the control plots. Consequently, heavy thinning on post-fire Pinus pinaster seedlings makes better their vigour, and decreases forest fire hazard, but at the sama time, it produces an important extraction of Carbon sequestrated. (Author) 35 refs.

Normalizing gene expression by quantitative PCR during somatic embryogenesis in two representative conifer species: Pinus pinaster and Picea abies.

Science.gov (United States)

de Vega-Bartol, José J; Santos, Raquen Raissa; Simões, Marta; Miguel, Célia M

2013-05-01

Suitable internal control genes to normalize qPCR data from different stages of embryo development and germination were identified in two representative conifer species. Clonal propagation by somatic embryogenesis has a great application potentiality in conifers. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is widely used for gene expression analysis during somatic embryogenesis and embryo germination. No single reference gene is universal, so a systematic characterization of endogenous genes for concrete conditions is fundamental for accuracy. We identified suitable internal control genes to normalize qPCR data obtained at different steps of somatic embryogenesis (embryonal mass proliferation, embryo maturation and germination) in two representative conifer species, Pinus pinaster and Picea abies. Candidate genes included endogenous genes commonly used in conifers, genes previously tested in model plants, and genes with a lower variation of the expression along embryo development according to genome-wide transcript profiling studies. Three different algorithms were used to evaluate expression stability. The geometric average of the expression values of elongation factor-1α, α-tubulin and histone 3 in P. pinaster, and elongation factor-1α, α-tubulin, adenosine kinase and CAC in P. abies were adequate for expression studies throughout somatic embryogenesis. However, improved accuracy was achieved when using other gene combinations in experiments with samples at a single developmental stage. The importance of studies selecting reference genes to use in different tissues or developmental stages within one or close species, and the instability of commonly used reference genes, is highlighted.

AoS28D, a proline-Xaa carboxypeptidase secreted by Aspergillus oryzae.

Science.gov (United States)

Salamin, Karine; Eugster, Philippe J; Jousson, Olivier; Waridel, Patrice; Grouzmann, Eric; Monod, Michel

2017-05-01

Prolyl peptidases of the MEROPS S28 family are of particular interest because they are key enzymes in the digestion of proline-rich peptides. A BLAST analysis of the Aspergillus oryzae genome revealed sequences coding for four proteases of the S28 family. Three of these proteases, AoS28A, AoS28B, and AoS28C, were previously characterized as acidic prolyl endopeptidases. The fourth protease, AoS28D, showed high sequence divergence with other S28 proteases and belongs to a phylogenetically distinct cluster together with orthologous proteases from other Aspergillus species. The objective of the present paper was to characterize AoS28D protease in terms of substrate specificity and activity. AoS28D produced by gene overexpression in A. oryzae and in Pichia pastoris was a 70-kDa glycoprotein with a 10-kDa sugar moiety. In contrast with other S28 proteases, AoS28D did not hydrolyze internal Pro-Xaa bonds of several tested peptides. Similarly, to human lysosomal Pro-Xaa carboxypeptidase, AoS28D demonstrated selectivity for cleaving C-terminal Pro-Xaa bonds which are resistant to carboxypeptidases of the S10 family concomitantly secreted by A. oryzae. Therefore, AoS28D could act in synergy with these enzymes during sequential degradation of a peptide from its C-terminus.

Plastic Response of Tracheids in Pinus pinaster in a Water-Limited Environment: Adjusting Lumen Size instead of Wall Thickness.

Science.gov (United States)

Carvalho, Ana; Nabais, Cristina; Vieira, Joana; Rossi, Sergio; Campelo, Filipe

2015-01-01

The formation of wood results from cambial activity and its anatomical properties reflect the variability of environmental conditions during the growing season. Recently, it was found that wood density variations in conifers growing under cold-limited environment result from the adjustment of cell wall thickness (CWT) to temperature. Additionally, it is known that intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) are formed in response to precipitation after the summer drought. Although IADFs are frequent in Mediterranean conifers no study has yet been conducted to determine if these structures result from the adjustment of lumen diameter (LD) or CWT to soil water availability. Our main objective is to investigate the intra-ring variation of wood anatomical features (LD and CWT) in Pinus pinaster Ait. growing under a water-limited environment. We compared the tracheidograms of LD and CWT for the years 2010-2013 in P. pinaster growing in the west coast of Portugal. Our results suggest a close association between LD and soil moisture content along the growing season, reinforcing the role of water availability in determining tracheid size. Compared with CWT, LD showed a higher intra- and inter-annual variability suggesting its strong adjustment value to variations in water availability. The formation of a latewood IADF appears to be predisposed by higher rates of cell production in spring and triggered by early autumn precipitation. Our findings reinforce the crucial role of water availability on cambial activity and wood formation in Mediterranean conifers, and emphasize the high plasticity of wood anatomical features under Mediterranean climate.

Annotated genetic linkage maps of Pinus pinaster Ait. from a Central Spain population using microsatellite and gene based markers.

Science.gov (United States)

de Miguel, Marina; de Maria, Nuria; Guevara, M Angeles; Diaz, Luis; Sáez-Laguna, Enrique; Sánchez-Gómez, David; Chancerel, Emilie; Aranda, Ismael; Collada, Carmen; Plomion, Christophe; Cabezas, José-Antonio; Cervera, María-Teresa

2012-10-04

Pinus pinaster Ait. is a major resin producing species in Spain. Genetic linkage mapping can facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS) through the identification of Quantitative Trait Loci and selection of allelic variants of interest in breeding populations. In this study, we report annotated genetic linkage maps for two individuals (C14 and C15) belonging to a breeding program aiming to increase resin production. We use different types of DNA markers, including last-generation molecular markers. We obtained 13 and 14 linkage groups for C14 and C15 maps, respectively. A total of 211 and 215 markers were positioned on each map and estimated genome length was between 1,870 and 2,166 cM respectively, which represents near 65% of genome coverage. Comparative mapping with previously developed genetic linkage maps for P. pinaster based on about 60 common markers enabled aligning linkage groups to this reference map. The comparison of our annotated linkage maps and linkage maps reporting QTL information revealed 11 annotated SNPs in candidate genes that co-localized with previously reported QTLs for wood properties and water use efficiency. This study provides genetic linkage maps from a Spanish population that shows high levels of genetic divergence with French populations from which segregating progenies have been previously mapped. These genetic maps will be of interest to construct a reliable consensus linkage map for the species. The importance of developing functional genetic linkage maps is highlighted, especially when working with breeding populations for its future application in MAS for traits of interest.

Annotated genetic linkage maps of Pinus pinaster Ait. from a Central Spain population using microsatellite and gene based markers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

de Miguel Marina

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Pinus pinaster Ait. is a major resin producing species in Spain. Genetic linkage mapping can facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS through the identification of Quantitative Trait Loci and selection of allelic variants of interest in breeding populations. In this study, we report annotated genetic linkage maps for two individuals (C14 and C15 belonging to a breeding program aiming to increase resin production. We use different types of DNA markers, including last-generation molecular markers. Results We obtained 13 and 14 linkage groups for C14 and C15 maps, respectively. A total of 211 and 215 markers were positioned on each map and estimated genome length was between 1,870 and 2,166 cM respectively, which represents near 65% of genome coverage. Comparative mapping with previously developed genetic linkage maps for P. pinaster based on about 60 common markers enabled aligning linkage groups to this reference map. The comparison of our annotated linkage maps and linkage maps reporting QTL information revealed 11 annotated SNPs in candidate genes that co-localized with previously reported QTLs for wood properties and water use efficiency. Conclusions This study provides genetic linkage maps from a Spanish population that shows high levels of genetic divergence with French populations from which segregating progenies have been previously mapped. These genetic maps will be of interest to construct a reliable consensus linkage map for the species. The importance of developing functional genetic linkage maps is highlighted, especially when working with breeding populations for its future application in MAS for traits of interest.

Plastic Response of Tracheids in Pinus pinaster in a Water-Limited Environment: Adjusting Lumen Size instead of Wall Thickness.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Carvalho

Full Text Available The formation of wood results from cambial activity and its anatomical properties reflect the variability of environmental conditions during the growing season. Recently, it was found that wood density variations in conifers growing under cold-limited environment result from the adjustment of cell wall thickness (CWT to temperature. Additionally, it is known that intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs are formed in response to precipitation after the summer drought. Although IADFs are frequent in Mediterranean conifers no study has yet been conducted to determine if these structures result from the adjustment of lumen diameter (LD or CWT to soil water availability. Our main objective is to investigate the intra-ring variation of wood anatomical features (LD and CWT in Pinus pinaster Ait. growing under a water-limited environment. We compared the tracheidograms of LD and CWT for the years 2010-2013 in P. pinaster growing in the west coast of Portugal. Our results suggest a close association between LD and soil moisture content along the growing season, reinforcing the role of water availability in determining tracheid size. Compared with CWT, LD showed a higher intra- and inter-annual variability suggesting its strong adjustment value to variations in water availability. The formation of a latewood IADF appears to be predisposed by higher rates of cell production in spring and triggered by early autumn precipitation. Our findings reinforce the crucial role of water availability on cambial activity and wood formation in Mediterranean conifers, and emphasize the high plasticity of wood anatomical features under Mediterranean climate.

Characterization of Three L-Asparaginases from Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.).

Science.gov (United States)

Van Kerckhoven, Sonia H; de la Torre, Fernando N; Cañas, Rafael A; Avila, Concepción; Cantón, Francisco R; Cánovas, Francisco M

2017-01-01

Asparaginases (ASPG, EC 3.5.1.1) catalyze the hydrolysis of the amide group of L-asparagine producing L-aspartate and ammonium. Three ASPG, PpASPG1, PpASPG2, and PpASPG3, have been identified in the transcriptome of maritime pine ( Pinus pinaster Ait.) that were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana by agroinfection. The three recombinant proteins were processed in planta to active enzymes and it was found that all mature forms exhibited double activity asparaginase/isoaspartyl dipeptidase but only PpASPG1 was able to catalyze efficiently L-asparagine hydrolysis. PpASPG1 contains a variable region of 77 amino acids that is critical for proteolytic processing of the precursor and is retained in the mature enzyme. Furthermore, the functional analysis of deletion mutants demonstrated that this protein fragment is required for specific recognition of the substrate and favors enzyme stability. Potassium has a limited effect on the activation of maritime pine ASPG what is consistent with the lack of a critical residue essential for interaction of cation. Taken together, the results presented here highlight the specific features of ASPG from conifers when compared to the enzymes from angiosperms.

Characterization of Three L-Asparaginases from Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sonia H. Van Kerckhoven

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Asparaginases (ASPG, EC 3.5.1.1 catalyze the hydrolysis of the amide group of L-asparagine producing L-aspartate and ammonium. Three ASPG, PpASPG1, PpASPG2, and PpASPG3, have been identified in the transcriptome of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait. that were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana by agroinfection. The three recombinant proteins were processed in planta to active enzymes and it was found that all mature forms exhibited double activity asparaginase/isoaspartyl dipeptidase but only PpASPG1 was able to catalyze efficiently L-asparagine hydrolysis. PpASPG1 contains a variable region of 77 amino acids that is critical for proteolytic processing of the precursor and is retained in the mature enzyme. Furthermore, the functional analysis of deletion mutants demonstrated that this protein fragment is required for specific recognition of the substrate and favors enzyme stability. Potassium has a limited effect on the activation of maritime pine ASPG what is consistent with the lack of a critical residue essential for interaction of cation. Taken together, the results presented here highlight the specific features of ASPG from conifers when compared to the enzymes from angiosperms.

Forest structure and plant diversity in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) stands in central Spain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Osorio, L. F.; Bravo, F.; Zaldivar, P.; Pando, V.

2009-07-01

The relationship between forest structure and plant diversity in Mediterranean Maritime pine stands (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in the Iberian Range (Spain) was studied. Forty eight stands were sampled. In each, a circular plot (15 m radius) and a transect (25*1 m{sup 2}) were established to estimate stand variables and record presence and abundance of vascular species respectively. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA), simple correlations and multiple stepwise linear regressions were used to explore the relationship between plant diversity and forest structure. Correlation between diversity measurements and stand variables is very weak, but significant correlations were found when evaluating each set of variables separately. Presence and cover of some species (for instance, Veronica arvensis L. or Micropyrum tenellum (L.) Link) is correlated with stand variables; however, determination coefficients found in step-by-step regression are not significant. (Author) 34 refs.

Diversity and persistence of ectomycorrhizal fungi and their effect on nursery-inoculated Pinus pinaster in a post-fire plantation in Northern Portugal.

Science.gov (United States)

Franco, Albina R; Sousa, Nadine R; Ramos, Miguel A; Oliveira, Rui S; Castro, Paula M L

2014-11-01

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) play an important role in forest ecosystems, often mitigating stress factors and increasing seedling performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a nursery inoculation on Pinus pinaster growth and on the fungal communities established when reforesting burned areas. Inoculated P. pinaster saplings showed 1.5-fold higher stem height than the non-inoculated controls after a 5 year growth period, suggesting that fungal inoculation could potentiate tree growth in the field. Ordination analysis revealed the presence of different ECMF communities on both plots. Among the nursery-inoculated fungi, Laccaria sp., Rhizopogon sp., Suillus bovinus and Pisolithus sp. were detected on inoculated Pinus saplings on both sampling periods, indicating that they persisted after field establishment. Other fungi were also detected in the inoculated plants. Phialocephala sp. was found on the first assessment, while Terfezia sp. was detected on both sampling periods. Laccaria sp. and Rhizopogon sp. were identified in the control saplings, belonging however to different species than those found in the inoculated plot. Inocybe sp., Thelephora sp. and Paxillus involutus were present on both sampling periods in the non-inoculated plots. The results suggest that ECMF inoculation at nursery stage can benefit plant growth after transplantation to a post-fire site and that the inoculated fungi can persist in the field. This approach has great potential as a biotechnological tool to aid in the reforestation of burned areas.

Mediation of seed provisioning in the transmission of environmental maternal effects in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton).

Science.gov (United States)

Zas, R; Cendán, C; Sampedro, L

2013-09-01

Although maternal environmental effects are increasingly recognized as an important source of phenotypic variation with relevant impacts in evolutionary processes, their relevance in long-lived plants such as pine trees is largely unknown. Here, we used a powerful sample size and a strong quantitative genetic approach to analyse the sources of variation of early seedling performance and to identify seed mass (SM)-dependent and -independent maternal environmental effects in Maritime pine. We measured SM of 8924 individual seeds collected from 10 genotypes clonally replicated in two environments of contrasting quality (favourable and stressful), and we measured seedling growth rate and biomass allocation to roots and shoots. SM was extremely variable (up to 14-fold) and strongly determined by the maternal environment and the genotype of the mother tree. The favourable maternal environment led to larger cones, larger seeds and reduced SM variability. The maternal environment also determined the offspring phenotype, with seedlings coming from the favourable environment being 35% larger and with greater root/shoot ratio. Transgenerational plasticity appears, thus, to be a relevant source of phenotypic variation in the early performance of this pine species. Seed provisioning explained most of the effect of the maternal environment on seedling total biomass. Environmental maternal effects on seedling biomass allocation were, however, determined through SM-independent mechanisms, suggesting that other epigenetic regulation channels may be involved.

Analysis of diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi retrieved from a Mediterranean forest dominated by Pinus pinaster Aiton

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Maria D'Aguanno

2016-04-01

Full Text Available The present paper is focused on the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in a poorly investigated habitat: a Mediterranean forest dominated by maritime pine. The sampling area lies in Tocchi biogenetic Reserve, located in the province of Siena (Tuscany, Italy. The monitoring campaign was carried out in 10 permanents plots, taking note of all the fungal species found on each piece of dead wood, irrespective of size and stage of decay. Over one year of surveys, 56 taxa of wood-inhabiting fungi were recorded, among which 39 are corticoids species, 16 polypores and 1 Heterobasidiomycetes. The fungal community seems to be dominated by a small number of species, which are more abundant than the others. Moreover, there are some specific features of deadwood influencing the species composition, such as the presence of coarse woody debris at the first decay stage and fine woody debris at the late decay stages. The results allowed characterizing the wood-inhabiting fungal community in this forest reserve, broadening our knowledge on several species and providing a preliminary database for further studies in Mediterranean areas.

Transcriptomic analysis highlights epigenetic and transcriptional regulation during zygotic embryo development of Pinus pinaster.

Science.gov (United States)

de Vega-Bartol, José J; Simões, Marta; Lorenz, W Walter; Rodrigues, Andreia S; Alba, Rob; Dean, Jeffrey F D; Miguel, Célia M

2013-08-30

It is during embryogenesis that the plant body plan is established and the meristems responsible for all post-embryonic growth are specified. The molecular mechanisms governing conifer embryogenesis are still largely unknown. Their elucidation may contribute valuable information to clarify if the distinct features of embryo development in angiosperms and gymnosperms result from differential gene regulation. To address this issue, we have performed the first transcriptomic analysis of zygotic embryo development in a conifer species (Pinus pinaster) focusing our study in particular on regulatory genes playing important roles during plant embryo development, namely epigenetic regulators and transcription factors. Microarray analysis of P. pinaster zygotic embryogenesis was performed at five periods of embryo development from early developing to mature embryos. Our results show that most changes in transcript levels occurred in the first and the last embryo stage-to-stage transitions, namely early to pre-cotyledonary embryo and cotyledonary to mature embryo. An analysis of functional categories for genes that were differentially expressed through embryogenesis highlighted several epigenetic regulation mechanisms. While putative orthologs of transcripts associated with mechanisms that target transposable elements and repetitive sequences were strongly expressed in early embryogenesis, PRC2-mediated repression of genes seemed more relevant during late embryogenesis. On the other hand, functions related to sRNA pathways appeared differentially regulated across all stages of embryo development with a prevalence of miRNA functions in mid to late embryogenesis. Identification of putative transcription factor genes differentially regulated between consecutive embryo stages was strongly suggestive of the relevance of auxin responses and regulation of auxin carriers during early embryogenesis. Such responses could be involved in establishing embryo patterning. Later in

Assessment of the variation of the moisture content in the Pinus pinaster Ait. using the non destructive GPR technique

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Díez Barra, R.

2011-03-01

Full Text Available The moisture content variations in wood have a significant influence in wood’s physicochemical properties, as well as in its electromagnetic properties and to specific effects upon waves’ characteristics. In particular, this paper focuses on the analysis of the Ground-penetrating Radar’s (GPR using an antenna of 1.6GHz central frequency capacity to register the velocity and the amplitude of the electromagnetic waves’ variation during the drying process of Pinus pinaster Ait timber joists. The results showed that when timber MC descends, the propagation velocity and amplitude of both the direct and the reflected wave increased. The high correlation found between the variables studied demonstrates GPR efficiency and the innovative application of this technique as a non-destructive evaluation tool for timber structures, particularly when studying its moisture content.La variación en el contenido de humedad (CH tiene una influencia significativa tanto en las propiedades físico- químicas de la madera, como en sus propiedades electromagnéticas y por tanto afecta a las características de la propagación de las ondas. En concreto, en este trabajo se estudia la capacidad del georradar (GR empleando una antena de 1.6GHz de frecuencia central para registrar las variaciones que se producen en la velocidad y en la amplitud de las ondas electromagnéticas cuando se propagan en unas viguetas de madera de Pinus pinaster Ait de uso estructural cuyo CH va disminuyendo. Se ha comprobado como cuando el CH descendía la velocidad de propagación y las amplitudes, tanto de la onda directa como de la reflejada aumentaba. Los altos factores de correlación encontrados demuestran que el GR es una técnica capaz de evaluar, de forma no destructiva, el CH de la madera de uso estructural.

Cryopreservation of somatic embryogenic cultures of Pinus pinaster: effects on regrowth and embryo maturation.

Science.gov (United States)

Álvarez, José M; Cortizo, Millán; Ordás, Ricardo J

2012-01-01

Pinus pinaster is one of the most economically important conifers in the world. Somatic embryogenesis is a powerful tool in breeding programmes because it allows the generation of a great number of different clonal lines from seeds of superior genotypes. Unfortunately, embryogenic competence decreases with the age of cultures. Therefore, it is necessary to have a cryopreservation protocol that ensures a continuous supply of juvenile mass while allowing good maturation and conversion rates into vigorously growing plants. In this work we studied the influence of several cryopreservation parameters, such as cryoprotectant solution and pre-cooling temperature, on embryogenic culture regrowth and embryo maturation. Recovery of rewarmed samples after cryopreservation in a -150 degree C freezer depended on the cooling temperature reached prior to plunging the tubes into liquid nitrogen. As a result, we present an optimised cryopreservation protocol that ensures high recovery and embryo maturation rates. The protocol presented is a simple and fast alternative and enabled successful cryopreservation and recovery of 100 percent of the lines tested. Cryopreserved lines presented the same maturation rates as non-cryopreserved controls.

Biomechanical differences in the stem straightening process among Pinus pinaster provenances. A new approach for early selection of stem straightness.

Science.gov (United States)

Sierra-de-Grado, Rosario; Pando, Valentín; Martínez-Zurimendi, Pablo; Peñalvo, Alejandro; Báscones, Esther; Moulia, Bruno

2008-06-01

Stem straightness is an important selection trait in Pinus pinaster Ait. breeding programs. Despite the stability of stem straightness rankings in provenance trials, the efficiency of breeding programs based on a quantitative index of stem straightness remains low. An alternative approach is to analyze biomechanical processes that underlie stem form. The rationale for this selection method is that genetic differences in the biomechanical processes that maintain stem straightness in young plants will continue to control stem form throughout the life of the tree. We analyzed the components contributing most to genetic differences among provenances in stem straightening processes by kinetic analysis and with a biomechanical model defining the interactions between the variables involved (Fournier's model). This framework was tested on three P. pinaster provenances differing in adult stem straightness and growth. One-year-old plants were tilted at 45 degrees, and individual stem positions and sizes were recorded weekly for 5 months. We measured the radial extension of reaction wood and the anatomical features of wood cells in serial stem cross sections. The integral effect of reaction wood on stem leaning was computed with Fournier's model. Responses driven by both primary and secondary growth were involved in the stem straightening process, but secondary-growth-driven responses accounted for most differences among provenances. Plants from the straight-stemmed provenance showed a greater capacity for stem straightening than plants from the sinuous provenances mainly because of (1) more efficient reaction wood (higher maturation strains) and (2) more pronounced secondary-growth-driven autotropic decurving. These two process-based traits are thus good candidates for early selection of stem straightness, but additional tests on a greater number of genotypes over a longer period are required.

Assessing wildfire occurrence probability in Pinus pinaster Ait. stands in Portugal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marques, S.; Garcia-Gonzalo, J.; Botequim, B.; Ricardo, A.; Borges, J. G.; Tome, M.; Oliveira, M. M.

2012-11-01

Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is an important conifer from the western Mediterranean Basin extending over 22% of the forest area in Portugal. In the last three decades nearly 4% of Maritime pine area has been burned by wildfires. Yet no wildfire occurrence probability models are available and forest and fire management planning activities are thus carried out mostly independently of each other. This paper presents research to address this gap. Specifically, it presents a model to assess wildfire occurrence probability in regular and pure Maritime pine stands in Portugal. Emphasis was in developing a model based on easily available inventory data so that it might be useful to forest managers. For that purpose, data from the last two Portuguese National Forest Inventories (NFI) and data from wildfire perimeters in the years from 1998 to 2004 and from 2006 to 2007 were used. A binary logistic regression model was build using biometrics data from the NFI. Biometric data included indicators that might be changed by operations prescribed in forest planning. Results showed that the probability of wildfire occurrence in a stand increases in stand located at steeper slopes and with high shrubs load while it decreases with precipitation and with stand basal area. These results are instrumental for assessing the impact of forest management options on wildfire probability thus helping forest managers to reduce the risk of wildfires. (Author) 57 refs.

Solanum muricatum Aiton Juice as A Hepatoprotective Agent in Wistar Rats Induced With Carbon Tetrachloride

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Justine Sim Wei Yang

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Background: Liver participates in various metabolic processes in human body. Exposures to toxins such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 results in hepatocyte destruction and release the cell contents. Enzymes such as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT were used as a parameter to diagnose liver damage. Pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton contains antioxidants that protect liver from hepatoxicity. The aim of this experiment is to determine the effect of pepino in protecting the hepatocyte from hepatotoxic effect of CCl4. Methods: A total of 16 Wistar rats used as the subject were divided into Control and Therapeutic Group. The Control group was induced with CCl4 but was not given pepino juice. Meanwhile, the Therapeutic Group was given pepino juice for 10 days. For induction of hepatotoxicity, CCl4 10% was given at a dosage of 2.0 ml/kg intra-peritoneal. Each Wistar rat in Therapeutic Group was given 1.0 ml of 300 g/ml pepino juice via oral feeding. Spectrophotometer with adjusted wavelength of 340 nm was used to measure SGPT level of the Wistar rats and statistical T-test was used to analyze the data. Results: Wistar rats in Therapeutic group showed a larger decrease (6898.9 IU/L–79.1 IU/L in SGPT level compared to the Control group (6469.8 IU/L–418.5 IU/L. The SGPT level of the Wistar rat in Therapeutic group reached normal baseline (50 IU/L–150 IU/L. The significance of the experiment was supported by the T-test, P-value <0.05 Discussion: Pepino juice had antioxidants that protect the hepatocyte of Wistar rats from free radicals. The synergistic action of antioxidants and hepatocyte regeneration of Wistar rats in Therapeutic group caused a decrease in SGPT level. Therefore, the experiment concluded that pepino juice at the dosage of 300 g/ml has hepatoprotective effect.

Genetic control of functional traits related to photosynthesis and water use efficiency in Pinus pinaster Ait. drought response: integration of genome annotation, allele association and QTL detection for candidate gene identification.

Science.gov (United States)

de Miguel, Marina; Cabezas, José-Antonio; de María, Nuria; Sánchez-Gómez, David; Guevara, María-Ángeles; Vélez, María-Dolores; Sáez-Laguna, Enrique; Díaz, Luis-Manuel; Mancha, Jose-Antonio; Barbero, María-Carmen; Collada, Carmen; Díaz-Sala, Carmen; Aranda, Ismael; Cervera, María-Teresa

2014-06-12

Understanding molecular mechanisms that control photosynthesis and water use efficiency in response to drought is crucial for plant species from dry areas. This study aimed to identify QTL for these traits in a Mediterranean conifer and tested their stability under drought. High density linkage maps for Pinus pinaster were used in the detection of QTL for photosynthesis and water use efficiency at three water irrigation regimes. A total of 28 significant and 27 suggestive QTL were found. QTL detected for photochemical traits accounted for the higher percentage of phenotypic variance. Functional annotation of genes within the QTL suggested 58 candidate genes for the analyzed traits. Allele association analysis in selected candidate genes showed three SNPs located in a MYB transcription factor that were significantly associated with efficiency of energy capture by open PSII reaction centers and specific leaf area. The integration of QTL mapping of functional traits, genome annotation and allele association yielded several candidate genes involved with molecular control of photosynthesis and water use efficiency in response to drought in a conifer species. The results obtained highlight the importance of maintaining the integrity of the photochemical machinery in P. pinaster drought response.

Modelling modulus of elasticity of Pinus pinaster Ait. in northwestern Spain with standing tree acoustic measurements, tree, stand and site variables

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Esther Merlo

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Aim of study: Modelling the structural quality of Pinus pinaster Ait. wood on the basis of measurements made on standing trees is essential because of the importance of the species in the Galician forestry and timber industries and the good mechanical properties of its wood. In this study, we investigated how timber stiffness is affected by tree and stand properties, climatic and edaphic characteristics and competition. Area of study: The study was performed in Galicia, north-western Spain.Material and methods: Ten pure and even-aged P. pinaster stands were selected and tree and stand variables and the stress wave velocity of 410 standing trees were measured. A sub-sample of 73 trees, representing the variability in acoustic velocity, were felled and sawed into structural timber pieces (224 which were subjected to a bending test to determine the modulus of elasticity (MOE. Main results: Linear models including wood properties explained more than 97%, 73% and 60% of the observed MOE variability at site, tree and board level, respectively, with acoustic velocity and wood density as the main regressors. Other linear models, which did not include wood density, explained more than 88%, 69% and 55% of the observed MOE variability at site, tree and board level, respectively, with acoustic velocity as the main regressor. Moreover, a classification tree for estimating the visual grade according to standard UNE 56544:2011 was developed. Research highlights: The results have demonstrated the usefulness of acoustic velocity for predicting MOE in standing trees. The use of the fitted equations together with existing dynamic growth models will enable preliminary assessment of timber stiffness in relation to different silvicultural alternatives used with this species.Keywords: stress wave velocity, modulus of elasticity, site index, competition index, stepwise regression, CART.

Caracterización de algunas propiedades en tableros de corteza de Pinus pinaster Ait. y tableros de vermiculita expandida

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Pereiro López, G.

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The search for new applications to use boards requires innovation of their pro-perties. The improvement of insulation properties, the possibility to regulate the environmental conditions, the improvement of fire resistance and the increase of physical and mechanical properties allow a more diverse use of boards. Using new components in the production of boards and/or component materials also called composites (1, enables the improvement of these properties. This publication analyses different physical and mechanical properties of various types of single-layer boards produced either based on expanded vermiculite particles bonded with soluble silicate glasses (2 or based on lignocelluloses particles bark of "Pinus pinaster" Ait., agglutinated with cement derivatives of magnesium (3, the latter included in the classification of the norm (4. Commercial wood wool boards (5 are used as reference material.La búsqueda de nuevas aplicaciones en el uso de los tableros requiere de la innovación en sus propiedades. Las mejoras en el aislamiento, en la regulación de las condiciones ambientales, en su resistencia al fuego y el incremento en sus propiedades físico-mecánicas, aumentan la diversificación de sus usos. El empleo de nuevas materias en los tableros y/o en los materiales compuestos, denominados composites (1, posibilita la mejora en estas propiedades. Esta publicación analiza diversas propiedades físicas y mecánicas de varios tipos de tableros monocapa, elaborados, por un lado, a base de partículas minerales de vermiculita expandida aglutinadas con silicatos de vidrios solubles (2, y por otro lado, a base de partículas lignocelulósicas de corteza de Pinus pinaster Ait., aglutinadas con cementos derivados del magnesio (3, incluidos ya estos últimos en la clasificación de la norma (4. Como material de referencia se emplean tableros comerciales de virutas de madera (5.

Review of the experimental approaches used in clinical studies to evaluate the health benefits of plant food supplements associated with infectious diseases

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Naidoo, Dashnie

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Reference 1 Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton (Oxycoccus macrocarpus(Aiton) Pers., cranberry) Bailey 2007, Shmuely, 2007, Mcmurdo, 2005, Gotteland, 2008 2 Allium sativum (Garlic) Davis 1990, Caporaso, 1983 3 Piper longum L. (Long pepper) Agrawal, 1997 4... macrocarpon Aiton (Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Aiton) Pers., cranberry) (Bailey et al., 2007, Shmuely et al., 2007, Mcmurdo et al., 2005, Gotteland et al., 2008), Allium sativum (Garlic) (Davis et al., 1990, Caporaso et al., 1983), Piper longum L. (Long pepper...

A review of the experimental approaches used in clinical studies to evaluate the health benefits of plant food supplements associated with infectious diseases

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Naidoo, Dashnie

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Reference 1 Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton (Oxycoccus macrocarpus(Aiton) Pers., cranberry) Bailey 2007, Shmuely, 2007, Mcmurdo, 2005, Gotteland, 2008 2 Allium sativum (Garlic) Davis 1990, Caporaso, 1983 3 Piper longum L. (Long pepper) Agrawal, 1997 4... macrocarpon Aiton (Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Aiton) Pers., cranberry) (Bailey et al., 2007, Shmuely et al., 2007, Mcmurdo et al., 2005, Gotteland et al., 2008), Allium sativum (Garlic) (Davis et al., 1990, Caporaso et al., 1983), Piper longum L. (Long pepper...

Factors affecting cone production in Pinus pinaster Ait.: lack of growth-reproduction trade-offs but significant effects of climate and tree and stand characteristics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bravo, F.; Maguire, D.A.; González-Martínez, S.G.

2017-11-01

Aim of study: Our main goal is to determine the relationship between cone production and radial growth in Pinus pinaster Ait. under different climatic conditions across the Iberian Peninsula. Area of study: Coca Intensive Sampling Plateau, Northern Plateau (Spain). Material and methods: Cone counts were conducted on an intensive monitoring plot in Coca (North-Central Spain) during the years 2000, 2006 and 2007. A ZIP (zero-inflated Poisson) model was adjusted for simultaneously estimating the probability of obtaining crop cones and its amount. The Northern Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index was used as explanatory variable, together with a wide variety of tree and local stand variables. Climate (as evaluated by NAO), local stand density (here estimated from the six nearest trees), tree size and vigor, competition and growth efficiency significantly influenced both occurrence and intensity of cone production. Main results: ZIP models for predicting reproductive effort seems an adequate tool to predict reproductive responses to climatic fluctuations and the resulting future species distribution in the face of climate change, as well as to identify silviculture actions that would promote reproductive success in naturally-regenerated stands, list and discuss relevant results (including numeric values of experimental results). Research highlights: Climate, stand density and tree conditions (size and vigor, competition and growth efficiency) influence significantly both cone occurrence and intensity of fruiting as shown by a ZIP model. As the climate variables included in the model (based on Northern Atlantic Oscillation, NAO) are general and easily obtained, the proposed model has practical applicability to predicting Pinus pinaster cone production in the Iberian Peninsula.

Factors affecting cone production in Pinus pinaster Ait.: lack of growth-reproduction trade-offs but significant effects of climate and tree and stand characteristics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Felipe Bravo

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Aim of study: Our main goal is to determine the relationship between cone production and radial growth in Pinus pinaster Ait. under different climatic conditions across the Iberian Peninsula. Area of study: Coca Intensive Sampling Plateau, Northern Plateau (Spain. Material and methods: Cone counts were conducted on an intensive monitoring plot in Coca (North-Central Spain during the years 2000, 2006 and 2007. A ZIP (zero-inflated Poisson model was adjusted for simultaneously estimating the probability of obtaining crop cones and its amount. The Northern Atlantic Oscillation (NAO index was used as explanatory variable, together with a wide variety of tree and local stand variables. Climate (as evaluated by NAO, local stand density (here estimated from the six nearest trees, tree size and vigor, competition and growth efficiency significantly influenced both occurrence and intensity of cone production. Main results: ZIP models for predicting reproductive effort seems an adequate tool to predict reproductive responses to climatic fluctuations and the resulting future species distribution in the face of climate change, as well as to identify silviculture actions that would promote reproductive success in naturally-regenerated stands, list and discuss relevant results (including numeric values of experimental results. Research highlights: Climate, stand density and tree conditions (size and vigor, competition and growth efficiency influence significantly both cone occurrence and intensity of fruiting as shown by a ZIP model. As the climate variables included in the model (based on Northern Atlantic Oscillation, NAO are general and easily obtained, the proposed model has practical applicability to predicting Pinus pinaster cone production in the Iberian Peninsula.

Factors affecting cone production in Pinus pinaster Ait.: lack of growth-reproduction trade-offs but significant effects of climate and tree and stand characteristics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bravo, F.; Maguire, D.A.; González-Martínez, S.G.

2017-01-01

Aim of study: Our main goal is to determine the relationship between cone production and radial growth in Pinus pinaster Ait. under different climatic conditions across the Iberian Peninsula. Area of study: Coca Intensive Sampling Plateau, Northern Plateau (Spain). Material and methods: Cone counts were conducted on an intensive monitoring plot in Coca (North-Central Spain) during the years 2000, 2006 and 2007. A ZIP (zero-inflated Poisson) model was adjusted for simultaneously estimating the probability of obtaining crop cones and its amount. The Northern Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index was used as explanatory variable, together with a wide variety of tree and local stand variables. Climate (as evaluated by NAO), local stand density (here estimated from the six nearest trees), tree size and vigor, competition and growth efficiency significantly influenced both occurrence and intensity of cone production. Main results: ZIP models for predicting reproductive effort seems an adequate tool to predict reproductive responses to climatic fluctuations and the resulting future species distribution in the face of climate change, as well as to identify silviculture actions that would promote reproductive success in naturally-regenerated stands, list and discuss relevant results (including numeric values of experimental results). Research highlights: Climate, stand density and tree conditions (size and vigor, competition and growth efficiency) influence significantly both cone occurrence and intensity of fruiting as shown by a ZIP model. As the climate variables included in the model (based on Northern Atlantic Oscillation, NAO) are general and easily obtained, the proposed model has practical applicability to predicting Pinus pinaster cone production in the Iberian Peninsula.

Plasticity of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) wood-forming tissues during a growing season.

Science.gov (United States)

Paiva, J A P; Garnier-Géré, P H; Rodrigues, J C; Alves, A; Santos, S; Graça, J; Le Provost, G; Chaumeil, G; Da Silva-Perez, D; Bosc, A; Fevereiro, P; Plomion, C

2008-01-01

The seasonal effect is the most significant external source of variation affecting vascular cambial activity and the development of newly divided cells, and hence wood properties. Here, the effect of edapho-climatic conditions on the phenotypic and molecular plasticity of differentiating secondary xylem during a growing season was investigated. Wood-forming tissues of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) were collected from the beginning to the end of the growing season in 2003. Data from examination of fibre morphology, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), analytical pyrolysis, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were combined to characterize the samples. Strong variation was observed in response to changes in edapho-climatic conditions. A genomic approach was used to identify genes differentially expressed during this growing season. Out of 3512 studied genes, 19% showed a significant seasonal effect. These genes were clustered into five distinct groups, the largest two representing genes over-expressed in the early- or late-wood-forming tissues, respectively. The other three clusters were characterized by responses to specific edapho-climatic conditions. This work provides new insights into the plasticity of the molecular machinery involved in wood formation, and reveals candidate genes potentially responsible for the phenotypic differences found between early- and late-wood.

Organ-specific metabolic responses to drought in Pinus pinaster Ait.

Science.gov (United States)

de Miguel, Marina; Guevara, M Ángeles; Sánchez-Gómez, David; de María, Nuria; Díaz, Luis Manuel; Mancha, Jose A; Fernández de Simón, Brígida; Cadahía, Estrella; Desai, Nalini; Aranda, Ismael; Cervera, María-Teresa

2016-05-01

Drought is an important driver of plant survival, growth, and distribution. Water deficit affects different pathways of metabolism, depending on plant organ. While previous studies have mainly focused on the metabolic drought response of a single organ, analysis of metabolic differences between organs is essential to achieve an integrated understanding of the whole plant response. In this work, untargeted metabolic profiling was used to examine the response of roots, stems, adult and juvenile needles from Pinus pinaster Ait. full-sib individuals, subjected to a moderate and long lasting drought period. Cyclitols content showed a significant alteration, in response to drought in all organs examined, but other metabolites increased or decreased differentially depending on the analyzed organ. While a high number of flavonoids were only detected in aerial organs, an induction of the glutathione pathway was mainly detected in roots. This result may reflect different antioxidant mechanisms activated in aerial organs and roots. Metabolic changes were more remarkable in roots than in the other organs, highlighting its prominent role in the response to water stress. Significant changes in flavonoids and ascorbate metabolism were also observed between adult and juvenile needles, consistent with previously proven differential functional responses between the two developmental stages. Genetic polymorphisms in candidate genes coding for a Myb1 transcription factor and a malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) were associated with different concentration of phenylalanine, phenylpropanoids and malate, respectively. The results obtained will support further research on metabolites and genes potentially involved in functional mechanisms related to drought tolerance in trees. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Characterization of Pinus pinaster seedling growth in different photo- and thermoperiods in a phytotron as a basis for early selection

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nguyen, A.; Kremer, A. [INRA, Laboratory of Forest Trees Genetics and Breeding, Cestas (France); Dormling, I. [Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (Sweden). Dept. of Forest Genetics

1995-07-01

Seedlings of Pinus pinaster families exhibiting monocyclic or polycyclic adult growth patterns, were cultivated in climate chambers during two successive growth periods separated by a period of low temperature to satisfy the chilling requirement. Six treatments combining photoperiod and temperature factors were tested. The morphology of the apex was assessed and height and biomass measured. First season seedlings grown in continuous light varied in apex morphology from the typical juvenile rosette to the adult bud usually found outdoors on 2-yr-old plants. It seems possible to distinguish monocyclic and polycyclic populations at an early stage by characters related to development and growth height. The results indicate that special environmental conditions during seedling development may be used as a tool in the search for criteria for early selection. 35 refs, 6 figs, 6 tabs

Ao leitor sem medo

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José Eisenberg

2000-05-01

Full Text Available O texto resenha Ao leitor sem medo, de Renato Janine Ribeiro (Belo Horizonte, UFMG, 1999.This text is a review of Ao leitor sem medo by Renato Janine Ribeiro (Belo Horizonte, UFMG, 1999

Physiological aspects underlying the improved outplanting performance of Pinus pinaster Ait. seedlings associated with ectomycorrhizal inoculation.

Science.gov (United States)

Sanchez-Zabala, Joseba; Majada, Juan; Martín-Rodrigues, Noemí; Gonzalez-Murua, Carmen; Ortega, Unai; Alonso-Graña, Manuel; Arana, Orats; Duñabeitia, Miren K

2013-11-01

Mycorrhizal inoculation of conifer roots is a key strategy to optimize establishment and performance of forest tree species under both natural and cultivated conditions and also to mitigate transplantation shock. However, despite being a common practice, inoculation in outdoor nursery conditions has been poorly studied. Here, we have evaluated effectiveness of four fungal species (Lactarius deliciosus, Lactarius quieticolor, Pisolithus arhizus, and Suillus luteus) in the production of mycorrhizal Pinus pinaster seedlings in an outdoor commercial nursery and their ability to improve seedling physiology and field performance. All inoculated seedlings showed a significant increase in growth at the end of the nursery stage and these differences remained after 3 years of growth in the field. Differences observed in the content of malondialdehyde, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic compounds from needles of mycorrhizal and control seedlings may reflect a different sensitivity to photo-oxidative damage. We conclude that ectomycorrhizal inoculation improves adaptability to changeable growing conditions of an outdoor nursery and produces a higher quality nursery stock, thereby enhancing seedling performance after planting.

Genetic differentiation for size at first reproduction through male versus female functions in the widespread Mediterranean tree Pinus pinaster.

Science.gov (United States)

Santos-del-Blanco, L; Climent, J; González-Martínez, S C; Pannell, J R

2012-11-01

The study of local adaptation in plant reproductive traits has received substantial attention in short-lived species, but studies conducted on forest trees are scarce. This lack of research on long-lived species represents an important gap in our knowledge, because inferences about selection on the reproduction and life history of short-lived species cannot necessarily be extrapolated to trees. This study considers whether the size for first reproduction is locally adapted across a broad geographical range of the Mediterranean conifer species Pinus pinaster. In particular, the study investigates whether this monoecious species varies genetically among populations in terms of whether individuals start to reproduce through their male function, their female function or both sexual functions simultaneously. Whether differences among populations could be attributed to local adaptation across a climatic gradient is then considered. Male and female reproduction and growth were measured during early stages of sexual maturity of a P. pinaster common garden comprising 23 populations sampled across the species range. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess genetic variability of early reproductive life-history traits. Environmental correlations with reproductive life-history traits were tested after controlling for neutral genetic structure provided by 12 nuclear simple sequence repeat markers. Trees tended to reproduce first through their male function, at a size (height) that varied little among source populations. The transition to female reproduction was slower, showed higher levels of variability and was negatively correlated with vegetative growth traits. Several female reproductive traits were correlated with a gradient of growth conditions, even after accounting for neutral genetic structure, with populations from more unfavourable sites tending to commence female reproduction at a lower individual size. The study represents the first report of genetic

SRAO: the first southern robotic AO system

Science.gov (United States)

Law, Nicholas M.; Ziegler, Carl; Tokovinin, Andrei

2016-08-01

We present plans for SRAO, the first Southern Robotic AO system. SRAO will use AO-assisted speckle imaging and Robo-AO-heritage high efficiency observing to confirm and characterize thousands of planet candidates produced by major new transit surveys like TESS, and is the first AO system to be capable of building a comprehensive several-thousand-target multiplicity survey at sub-AU scales across the main sequence. We will also describe results from Robo-AO, the first robotic LGS-AO system. Robo-AO has observed tens of thousands of Northern targets, often using a similar speckle or Lucky-Imaging assisted mode. SRAO will be a moderate-order natural-guide-star adaptive optics system which uses an innovative photoncounting wavefront sensor and EMCCD speckle-imaging camera to guide on faint stars with the 4.1m SOAR telescope. The system will produce diffraction-limited imaging in the NIR on targets as faint as mν = 16. In AO-assisted speckle imaging mode the system will attain the 30-mas visible diffraction limit on targets at least as faint as mν = 17. The system will be the first Southern hemisphere robotic adaptive optics system, with overheads an order of magnitude smaller than comparable systems. Using Robo-AO's proven robotic AO software, SRAO will be capable of observing overheads on sub-minute scales, allowing the observation of at least 200 targets per night. SRAO will attain three times the angular resolution of the Palomar Robo-AO system in the visible.

Expression Profiling in Pinus pinaster in Response to Infection with the Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

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Daniel Gaspar

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Forests are essential resources on a global scale, not only for the ecological benefits, but also for economical and landscape purposes. However, in recent years, a large number of forest species have suffered a serious decline, with maritime pine being one of the most affected. In Portugal, the maritime pine forest has been devastated by the pine wood nematode (PWN, the causal agent of pine wilt disease. In this study, RNA-Seq data was used to characterize the maritime pine response to infection with PWN, by determining the differentially expressed genes and identifying the regulatory networks and pathways associated. The analyses showed clear differences between an early response that occurs immediately after inoculation and a late response that is observed seven days after inoculation. Moreover, differentially expressed genes related to secondary metabolism, oxidative stress and defense against pathogen infection were identified over different time points. These results provide new insights about the molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways involved in the response of Pinus pinaster against PWN infection, which will be a useful resource in follow-up studies and for future breeding programs to select plants with lower susceptibility to this disease.

PAH detection in Quercus robur leaves and Pinus pinaster needles: A fast method for biomonitoring purpose.

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De Nicola, F; Concha Graña, E; Aboal, J R; Carballeira, A; Fernández, J Á; López Mahía, P; Prada Rodríguez, D; Muniategui Lorenzo, S

2016-06-01

Due to the complexity and heterogeneity of plant matrices, new procedure should be standardized for each single biomonitor. Thus, here is described a matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction method, previously used for moss samples, improved and modified for the analyses of PAHs in Quercus robur leaves and Pinus pinaster needles, species widely used in biomonitoring studies across Europe. The improvements compared to the previous procedure are the use of Florisil added with further clean-up sorbents, 10% deactivated silica for pine needles and PSA for oak leaves, being these matrices rich in interfering compounds, as shown by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses acquired in full scan mode. Good trueness, with values in the range 90-120% for the most of compounds, high precision (intermediate precision between 2% and 12%) and good sensitivity using only 250mg of samples (limits of quantification lower than 3 and 1.5ngg(-1), respectively for pine and oak) were achieved by the selected procedures. These methods proved to be reliable for PAH analyses and, having advantage of fastness, can be used in biomonitoring studies of PAH air contamination. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Determinación de la composición fenólica y actividad antioxidante en brotes de clones de Pinus pinaster procedentes de tres orígenes contrastantes

OpenAIRE

Baizán González, Silvia

2013-01-01

Pinus pinaster es una especie de gran importancia económica y ecológica y que presenta una gran diversidad genética. En nuestro grupo de trabajo disponemos de una colección clonal representativa de toda el área de distribución natural de la especie. En una parcela que alberga un ensayo anidado de 10 procedencias x 5 familias x 5 clones x 8 copias y con distribución de bloques aleatorizados, se evaluó la variabilidad del color en base al Espacio de Color CIELAB de los brotes que emergen en pri...

DA PSICODINÂMICA DO TRABALHO AO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL AO CONTEÚDO DO PRÓPRIO TRABALHO E AO MEIO AMBIENTE ORGANIZACIONAL SAUDÁVEL

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Leonardo Vieira Wandelli

2015-10-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo procura traçar alguns elementos que pretendem articular como, a partir do discurso jurídico, podem ser significados os aportes sobre saúde e trabalho, especialmente aqueles trazidos pela abordagem da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Um caminho, assim, que vai dos estudos sobre sujeito, trabalho e saúde até o Direito Constitucional, que afirma como seu fundamento a dignidade humana, indissociável da centralidade antropológica do trabalho; um vínculo expressado pelo direito fundamental ao trabalho que, aqui, se propõe reconstruir a partir do desvelamento de um direito fundamental ao conteúdo do próprio trabalho, articulado ao conceito de meio ambiente organizacional do trabalho. 

agradecimento aos consultores ad hoc

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REA Editor

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Agradecemos aos professores Nildo Viana (UFG e Flavio Sofiati (UFG, organizadores do DOSSIÊ JUVENTUDE & SOCIEDADE, e aos Consultores Ad hoc pela leitura e apreciação crítica dos artigos submetidos e publicados nesta edição.

Combate ao niilismo e ao totalitarismo em Camus

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Emanuel Ricardo Germano

2013-05-01

Full Text Available A partir de uma leitura da peça Calígula, elaborada entre 1941 e 1943, procurar-se-á contribuir na restituição das preocupações éticas, políticas e filosóficas em cena no teatro de Albert Camus, analisando o sentido de sua expressão teatral no contexto de dois combates,ao niilismo filosófico e ao totalitarismo político de seu tempo. Observaremos em Calígula um importante registro do amadurecimento das leituras de duas heranças filosóficas relevantes na formação intelectual de Camus, Nietzsche e Heráclito, à luz da experiência do totalitarismo, observando e ressaltando com isso a amplitude de seu intertexto filosófico e a importância do aporte ético e político de Camus como pensador multifacetado, engajado nos enfrentamentos históricos e solicitações críticas de seu tempo.

13C-isotopic fingerprint of Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus sylvestris L. wood related to the quality of standing tree mass in forests from NW Spain.

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Fernandez, Irene; González-Prieto, Serafin J; Cabaneiro, Ana

2005-01-01

Pine forest plantations of Pinus pinaster Ait. and P. sylvestris L. located in Galicia, NW Spain, were selected to study the 13C/12C-isotopic fingerprint in wood core samples in order to find possible relationships between the delta(13)C at natural abundance levels and the quality of the standing tree mass. For each pine species, 24 forests growing on acidic soils were studied: half developed over granite and half over schists. Two dominant trees from each plot, corresponding to all possible combinations of forest stands with high or low site index and with adults or young trees, were drilled at the basal part of trunks using a Pressler drill to obtain tree ring samples. The C-isotopic compositions of the litter and the soil organic matter from different soil depths were also determined and statistically significant correlations between these values and the 13C content of the wood were observed. Despite internal variations due to the influence of site index, tree age and parent material, the isotopic fingerprint of P. pinaster wood (mean value delta13C=-26.2+/-0.8 per thousand) significantly differed (Ppinaster stands (r=-0.667, Ppinaster growing over schists (r=-0.833, Ppinaster trees is higher when plots over granite or schists are separately considered. A similar fact occurs for adult P. sylvestris trees from schists stands, high quality specimens being 13C-depleted compared with low quality ones. On the other hand, 13C natural abundance of wood from P. sylvestris trees seems to be also strongly influenced by the underlying parent material, young trees from granite stands having a statistically higher 13C-isotopic composition (P<0.05) than young trees from schists stands. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A Prediction of the Damping Properties of Hindered Phenol AO-60/polyacrylate Rubber (AO-60/ACM) Composites through Molecular Dynamics Simulation

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Yang, Da-Wei; Zhao, Xiu-Ying; Zhang, Geng; Li, Qiang-Guo; Wu, Si-Zhu

2016-05-01

Molecule dynamics (MD) simulation, a molecular-level method, was applied to predict the damping properties of AO-60/polyacrylate rubber (AO-60/ACM) composites before experimental measures were performed. MD simulation results revealed that two types of hydrogen bond, namely, type A (AO-60) -OH•••O=C- (ACM), type B (AO-60) - OH•••O=C- (AO-60) were formed. Then, the AO-60/ACM composites were fabricated and tested to verify the accuracy of the MD simulation through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). DMTA results showed that the introduction of AO-60 could remarkably improve the damping properties of the composites, including the increase of glass transition temperature (Tg) alongside with the loss factor (tan δ), also indicating the AO-60/ACM(98/100) had the best damping performance amongst the composites which verified by the experimental.

Change of the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation by a tree cover of Pinus pinaser; Modificacion de la distribucion temporal y espacial de la precipitacion por una cubierta arborea de Pinus pinaster

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Rodriguez Suarez, J. A.; Diaz-Fierros, F.; Soto, B.

2009-07-01

Throughfall and stem flow volume generation was measured over 1 year period in a Pinus pinaster stand 9 years old. Throughfall was measured using 8 collectors in a fixed position connected to a tipping bucket rainfall gauge in a representative 10 x 10 m plot of the forest and stem flow was measured in three trees using a rubber ring around the trunk connected to a tipping bucket rainfall gauge. The two tipping bucket rainfall gauges was connected to a data logger programmed to record data every 5 minutes. (Author) 4 refs.

Zygotic and somatic embryo morphogenesis in Pinus pinaster: comparative histological and histochemical study.

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Tereso, Susana; Zoglauer, Kurt; Milhinhos, Ana; Miguel, Célia; Oliveira, M Margarida

2007-05-01

We compared morphogenesis and accumulation of storage proteins and starch in Pinus pinaster Ait. zygotic embryos with those in somatic embryos grown with different carbohydrate sources. The maturation medium for somatic embryos included 80 microM abscisic acid (ABA), 9 g l(-1) gellam gum and either glucose, sucrose or maltose at 44, 88, 175 or 263 mM in the presence or absence of 6% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 MW. Maturation medium containing 44 or 88 mM of a carbohydrate source produced only one or no cotyledonary somatic embryos per 0.6 g fresh mass of culture. The addition of PEG to the basal maturation medium resulted in a low yield of cotyledonary somatic embryos that generally showed incomplete development and anatomical abnormalities such as large intercellular spaces and large vacuoles. High concentrations of maltose also induced large intercellular spaces in the somatic embryonic cells, and 263 mM sucrose produced fewer and less developed cotyledonary somatic embryos compared with 175 mM sucrose, indicating that the effect of carbohydrate source is partially osmotic. Zygotic embryos had a lower dry mass than somatic embryos at the same stage of development. Starch granules followed a similar accumulation pattern in zygotic and somatic embryos. A low starch content was found in cotyledonary zygotic embryos and in somatic embryos developed in the presence of 175 mM maltose or 263 mM glucose. In zygotic embryos and in PEG-treated somatic embryos, protein bodies appeared later and were smaller and fewer than in well-developed somatic embryos grown without PEG. We propose that storage protein concentration might be a marker of embryo quality.

Identification of water stress genes in Pinus pinaster Ait. by controlled progressive stress and suppression-subtractive hybridization.

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Perdiguero, Pedro; Collada, Carmen; Barbero, María Del Carmen; García Casado, Gloria; Cervera, María Teresa; Soto, Alvaro

2012-01-01

Climate change is a major challenge particularly for forest tree species, which will have to face the severe alterations of environmental conditions with their current genetic pool. Thus, an understanding of their adaptive responses is of the utmost interest. In this work we have selected Pinus pinaster as a model species. This pine is one of the most important conifers (for which molecular tools and knowledge are far more scarce than for angiosperms) in the Mediterranean Basin, which is characterised in all foreseen scenarios as one of the regions most drastically affected by climate change, mainly because of increasing temperature and, particularly, by increasing drought. We have induced a controlled, increasing water stress by adding PEG to a hydroponic culture. We have generated a subtractive library, with the aim of identifying the genes induced by this stress and have searched for the most reliable expressional candidate genes, based on their overexpression during water stress, as revealed by microarray analysis and confirmed by RT-PCR. We have selected a set of 67 candidate genes belonging to different functional groups that will be useful molecular tools for further studies on drought stress responses, adaptation, and population genomics in conifers, as well as in breeding programs. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Efficacy of sulfuryl fluoride against the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchidae), in Pinus pinaster boards.

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Bonifácio, Luís F; Sousa, Edmundo; Naves, Pedro; Inácio, Maria L; Henriques, Joana; Mota, Manuel; Barbosa, Pedro; Drinkall, Mike J; Buckley, Stanislas

2014-01-01

The pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is an important conifer disease worldwide. It is the direct cause of the death of millions of pines in south-east Asia (mainly Japan, China and Korea) and has been established in Portugal since 1999. The phasing out of methyl bromide has created an urgent need for alternative treatment of wood packaging materials. The effect of sulfuryl fluoride (SF), a broad-spectrum fumigant used to control insects, was tested in Pinus pinaster boards naturally infested by PWN. Boards were fumigated for 24 h at three different temperatures (15, 20 and 30 °C) with dosage ranges of 3169-4407, 1901-4051 and 1385-2141 gh m(-3) respectively. Treated wood was sampled for nematode identification and counting, before treatment and after 24 h, 72 h and 21 days. No survival was found in the 15 °C and 30 °C treatments, while at 20 °C the mortality ranged from 94.06 to 100%. Some reasons for the survival at 20 °C are presented. Results confirm SF to be an effective quarantine treatment for PWN at 15 and 30 °C. Further studies are needed to obtain the most effective dosage at 20 °C, and to determine the toxicity of SF fumigation on B. xylophilus at other temperatures, especially at 25 °C. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.

Molecular response to water stress in two contrasting Mediterranean pines (Pinus pinaster and Pinus pinea).

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Perdiguero, Pedro; Barbero, María Del Carmen; Cervera, María Teresa; Collada, Carmen; Soto, Alvaro

2013-06-01

Adaptation to water stress has determined the evolution and diversification of vascular plants. Water stress is forecasted to increase drastically in the next decades in certain regions, such as in the Mediterranean basin. Consequently, a proper knowledge of the response and adaptations to drought stress is essential for the correct management of plant genetic resources. However, most of the advances in the understanding of the molecular response to water stress have been attained in angiosperms, and are not always applicable to gymnosperms. In this work we analyse the transcriptional response of two emblematic Mediterranean pines, Pinus pinaster and Pinus pinea, which show noticeable differences in their performance under water stress. Using microarray analysis, up to 113 genes have been detected as significantly induced by drought in both species. Reliability of expression patterns has been confirmed by RT-PCR. While induced genes with similar profiles in both species can be considered as general candidate genes for the study of drought response in conifers, genes with diverging expression patterns can underpin the differences displayed by these species under water stress. Most promising candidate genes for drought stress response include genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, such as glycosyltransferases or galactosidases, sugar transporters, dehydrins and transcription factors. Additionally, differences in the molecular response to drought and polyethylene-glycol-induced water stress are also discussed. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Pycnogenol Attenuates the Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Expression of Perilipin 2 in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Microglia in Part via Inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 Activation.

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Bin Fan

Full Text Available Over activation of microglia results in the production of proinflammatory agents that have been implicated in various brain diseases. Pycnogenol is a patented extract from French maritime pine bark (Pinus pinaster Aiton with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency. The present study investigated whether pycnogenol may be associated with the production of proinflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 (mouse-derived microglia. It was found that pycnogenol treatment was dose-dependently associated with significantly less release of nitricoxide (NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and lower levels of intercellular adhesion molecule1 (ICAM-1 and perilipin 2 (PLIN2. Furthermore, this effect was replicated in primary brain microglia. Levels of inducible NO synthase mRNA and protein were attenuated, whereas there was no change in the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Further evidence indicated that pycnogenol treatment led to the suppression of NF-κB activation through inhibition of p65 translocation into the nucleus and inhibited DNA binding of AP-1, suggesting that these proinflammatory factors are associated with NF-κB and AP-1. We conclude that pycnogenol exerts anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of the NF-κB and AP-1pathway, and may be useful as a therapeutic agent in the prevention of diseases caused by over activation of microglia.

Anomalous needle numbers on dwarf shoots of Pinus mugo and P. uncinata (Pinaceae

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Krystyna Boratyńska

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The frequency of occurrence of abnormal, three- (or more needle dwarf shoots of most southern and central European two-needle pine (Pinus species were studied. No specimens with more than two-needle dwarf shoots were found in a population of P. nigra Arnold subsp. salzmannii (Dunal Franco from the Iberian Peninsula and in two populations of P. uliginosa Neumann from the Sudeten Mountains in Central Europe. Single specimens were found within one population of P. pinaster Aiton from the Iberian Peninsula and among six populations of P. sylvestris L. from the Iberian Peninsula and Central Europe. Abnormal dwarf shoots mostly with three, but also four, five or six needles were found among 24 of 25 surveyed populations of P. mugo Turra and P. uncinata Ramond. The average frequency of specimens with at least one three-needle dwarf shoot was 24% for P. mugo and 20% for P. uncinata. The frequencies of occurrence varied significantly among studied populations and were highest in samples collected from the upper elevational range limits of the species in the mountains and near the northern limits of their ranges. The frequency of abnormal dwarf shoots in the same populations was significantly high in 2-3 consecutive years. Needles from three-needle dwarf shoots were not significantly shorter than those of two-needle shoots.

[Associating Serenoa repens, Urtica dioica and Pinus pinaster. Safety and efficacy in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms. Prospective study on 320 patients].

Science.gov (United States)

Pavone, C; Abbadessa, D; Tarantino, M L; Oxenius, I; Laganà, A; Lupo, A; Rinella, M

2010-01-01

Serenoa repens (saw palmetto) has been employed for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) for several years. Its mechanism of action is believed to be due to antiandrogenic, antiproliferative and antinflammatory properties. An association of Serenoa with the nettle "Urtica dioica" showing antiproliferative activity and the pine "Pinus pinaster" derivative, showing antinflammatory action, has been proposed in recent years. Such an action is hoped to act not only by reducing LUTS but also by preventing the development of prostate cancer. During the years 2007 and 2008, 320 patients suffering from LUTS were treated with an association of Serenoa repens 320 mg, Urtica dioica 120 mg and Pinus pinaster 5 mg, named IPBTRE. This treatment was administered to all patients for a minimal duration of 30 days to a maximum of a year, either alone or in association with antibiotics or alpha-blockers, if needed. Outcome analysis was based on evaluation of symptoms, prostate volume and maximum flow rate (Qmax). From a careful analysis of the data collected in our database, the following observations can be made: ages varied between 19 and 78 years. The patients were affected by BPH in 46% of cases, chronic prostatitis syndrome in 43%, chronic genital-pelvic pain in 7% and other conditions in 4%, the absolute numbers being 147, 138, 22 and 7 patients, respectively. No untoward side effect was reported in any case. Variations in symptom score could be fully evaluated only in 80 of 320 patients (25%), of whom 68 (85%) reported a significant benefit, with special reference to an improvement of pain, urgency, strangury and nocturia. Data on variations in prostate volume, as measured by digital rectal examination, were available in 84 (26.5%) patients. No significant change was observed. Qmax after treatment was measured in 83 (26%) patients. It did not show significant changes from the initial values. The association tested in our study appeared to be safe and well

Modelling merchantable volumes for uneven aged maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton stands establi-shed by natural regeneration in the central Portugal

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Cristina Alegria

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Uneven aged maritime pine stands established by natural regeneration have a great expression in Portugal. These stands being overstocked, as opposed to those established from plantations, provide straight and cylindrical tree boles and logs with less knots that makes them very suitable for certain industrial purposes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to fit a set of equations to predict total volume and merchantable volumes to any merchantable limit for uneven aged maritime pine stands established by natural regeneration in the central inland region of Portugal. Data were collected in 30 circular sampling plots of 500 m2 of area, on 1426 trees and 314 sample trees for volume assessment, corresponding to 2353 diameter/height mea-surements. A total height equation, a total volume equation, a volume ratio equation to any top height limit and a taper equation, over bark, were fitted. To select among the best models, several statistics were computed during model fitting and the independent validation procedure to evaluate model fitting, collinearity and prediction performances. A ranking index was used to support the final decision. The models selected were then fitted again using robust regression and weighted regression techniques, because studentized residuals distribution normality and homogeneity assumptions were not observed. This research showed that the models selected for these stands were not the same as those selected in previous studies for the species in this region, suggesting that these results may be due to the influence of stand density conditions on diameter and total height growth, and consequently, on stem form and volume. This set of equations will also be included as components in a single tree growth and yield model developed for these stands. 

Assessing a Template Matching Approach for Tree Height and Position Extraction from Lidar-Derived Canopy Height Models of Pinus Pinaster Stands

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Francesco Pirotti

2010-10-01

Full Text Available In this paper, an assessment of a method using a correlation filter over a lidar-derived digital canopy height model (CHM is presented. The objective of the procedure is to obtain stem density, position, and height values, on a stand with the following characteristics: ellipsoidal canopy shape (Pinus pinaster, even-aged and single-layer structure. The process consists of three steps: extracting a correlation map from CHM by applying a template whose size and shape resembles the canopy to be detected, applying a threshold mask to the correlation map to keep a subset of candidate-pixels, and then applying a local maximum filter to the remaining pixel groups. The method performs satisfactorily considering the experimental conditions. The mean tree extraction percentage is 65% with a coefficient of agreement of 0.4. The mean absolute error of height is ~0.5 m for all plots except one. It can be considered a valid approach for extracting tree density and height in regularly spaced stands (i.e., poplar plantations which are fundamental for extracting related forest parameters such as volume and biomass.

Pyrolysis of Pinus pinaster in a two-stage gasifier: Influence of processing parameters and thermal cracking of tar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fassinou, Wanignon Ferdinand; Toure, Siaka [Laboratoire d' Energie Solaire-UFR-S.S.M.T. Universite de Cocody, 22BP582 Abidjan 22 (Ivory Coast); Van de Steene, Laurent; Volle, Ghislaine; Girard, Philippe [CIRAD-Foret, TA 10/16, 73, avenue J.-F. Breton, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5 (France)

2009-01-15

A new two-stage gasifier with fixed-bed has recently been installed on CIRAD facilities in Montpellier. The pyrolysis and the gasifier units are removable. In order to characterise the pyrolysis products before their gasification, experiments were carried out, for the first time only with the pyrolysis unit and this paper deals with the results obtained. The biomass used is Pinus pinaster. The parameters investigated are: temperature, residence time and biomass flow rate. It has been found that increasing temperature and residence time improve the cracking of tars, gas production and char quality (fixed carbon rate more than 90%, volatile matter rate less than 4%). The increase of biomass flow rate leads to a bad char quality. The efficiency of tar cracking, the quality and the heating value of the charcoal and the gases, indicate that: temperature between 650 C and 750 C, residence time of 30 min, biomass flow rate between 10 and 15 kg/h should be the most convenient experimental conditions to get better results from the experimental device and from the biomass pyrolysis process. The kinetic study of charcoal generation shows that the pyrolysis process, in experimental conditions, is a first-order reaction. The kinetic parameters calculated are comparable with those found by other researchers. (author)

Suppression of Plant Immune Responses by the Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi NCPPB 3335 Type III Effector Tyrosine Phosphatases HopAO1 and HopAO2

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María Pilar Castañeda-Ojeda

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The effector repertoire of the olive pathogen P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi NCPPB 3335 includes two members of the HopAO effector family, one of the most diverse T3E families of the P. syringae complex. The study described here explores the phylogeny of these dissimilar members, HopAO1 and HopAO2, among the complex and reveals their activities as immune defense suppressors. Although HopAO1 is predominantly encoded by phylogroup 3 strains isolated from woody organs of woody hosts, both HopAO1 and HopAO2 are phylogenetically clustered according to the woody/herbaceous nature of their host of isolation, suggesting host specialization of the HopAO family across the P. syringae complex. HopAO1 and HopAO2 translocate into plant cells and show hrpL-dependent expression, which allows their classification as actively deployed type III effectors. Our data also show that HopAO1 and HopAO2 possess phosphatase activity, a hallmark of the members of this family. Both of them exert an inhibitory effect on early plant defense responses, such as ROS production and callose deposition, and are able to suppress ETI responses induced by the effectorless polymutant of P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC3000D28E in Nicotiana. Moreover, we demonstrate that a ΔhopAO1 mutant of P. savastanoi NCPBB 3335 exhibits a reduced fitness and virulence in olive plants, which supports the relevance of this effector during the interaction of this strain with its host plants. This work contributes to the field with the first report regarding functional analysis of HopAO homologs encoded by P. syringae or P. savastanoi strains isolated from woody hosts.

Suppression of Plant Immune Responses by the Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi NCPPB 3335 Type III Effector Tyrosine Phosphatases HopAO1 and HopAO2

Science.gov (United States)

Castañeda-Ojeda, María Pilar; Moreno-Pérez, Alba; Ramos, Cayo; López-Solanilla, Emilia

2017-01-01

The effector repertoire of the olive pathogen P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi NCPPB 3335 includes two members of the HopAO effector family, one of the most diverse T3E families of the P. syringae complex. The study described here explores the phylogeny of these dissimilar members, HopAO1 and HopAO2, among the complex and reveals their activities as immune defense suppressors. Although HopAO1 is predominantly encoded by phylogroup 3 strains isolated from woody organs of woody hosts, both HopAO1 and HopAO2 are phylogenetically clustered according to the woody/herbaceous nature of their host of isolation, suggesting host specialization of the HopAO family across the P. syringae complex. HopAO1 and HopAO2 translocate into plant cells and show hrpL-dependent expression, which allows their classification as actively deployed type III effectors. Our data also show that HopAO1 and HopAO2 possess phosphatase activity, a hallmark of the members of this family. Both of them exert an inhibitory effect on early plant defense responses, such as ROS production and callose deposition, and are able to suppress ETI responses induced by the effectorless polymutant of P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC3000D28E) in Nicotiana. Moreover, we demonstrate that a ΔhopAO1 mutant of P. savastanoi NCPBB 3335 exhibits a reduced fitness and virulence in olive plants, which supports the relevance of this effector during the interaction of this strain with its host plants. This work contributes to the field with the first report regarding functional analysis of HopAO homologs encoded by P. syringae or P. savastanoi strains isolated from woody hosts. PMID:28529516

Impact of solar activity on growth of pine trees (Pinus cembra: 1610 - 1970; Pinus pinaster: 1910 -1989)

Science.gov (United States)

Surový, P.; Dorotovič, I.; Karlovský, V.; Rodrigues, J. C.; Rybanský, M.; Fleischer, P.

2010-12-01

In this work we have focused on the analysis of the data on the annual growth of cembra pine (Pinus cembra) grown in the Kôprová dolina Valley in the High Tatra Mountains. The database covers the period of 1406 - 1970, however, the sunspot data (minima and maxima) at the NGDC web site are only available since 1610. Moreover, reliable sunspot data are only available since 1749. The results of this analysis agree with the observation made in our previous work, i.e. there is a negative impact of high SA on the pine tree growth. However, it should be noted that statistical significance of the results is low. We also applied wavelet analysis to the data on the tree growth evolution, with the results indicating growth variations' period of about 20 years (duration of approximately two solar cycles or one magnetic cycle, respectively). A negative impact of the SA was also observed in growth of a 90 year-old maritime pine tree (Pinus pinaster) grown in northern Portugal. The width of the annual rings was smaller in the years of maximum SA; furthermore, it was found that it is the latewood growth that it is affected while the earlywood growth is not, and consequently the latewood additions also show a significative negative correlation with SA.

Chitinophaga costaii sp. nov., an endophyte of Pinus pinaster, and emended description of Chitinophaga niabensis.

Science.gov (United States)

Proença, Diogo Neves; Nobre, Maria Fernanda; Morais, Paula V

2014-04-01

Bacterial strain A37T2(T) was isolated from the endophytic microbial community of a Pinus pinaster tree trunk and characterized. Strain A37T2(T) was Gram-stain-negative, formed rod-shaped cells, and grew optimally at 26-30 °C and at pH 5.5-7.5. The G+C content of the DNA was 46.6 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C15 : 0, representing 61.7 % of the total fatty acids. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A37T2(T) belonged to the family Chitinophagaceae, forming a distinct branch with Chitinophaga niabensis JS13-10(T) within the genus Chitinophaga. Strain A37T2(T) shared between 92.7 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of species of the genus Chitinophaga. The phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data presented indicate that strain A37T2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga costaii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A37T2(T) ( = CIP 110584(T) = LMG 27458(T)). An emended description of Chitinophaga niabensis JS13-10(T) is also proposed.

The role of arginine metabolic pathway during embryogenesis and germination in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.).

Science.gov (United States)

Llebrés, María-Teresa; Pascual, María-Belén; Debille, Sandrine; Trontin, Jean-François; Harvengt, Luc; Avila, Concepción; Cánovas, Francisco M

2018-03-01

Vegetative propagation through somatic embryogenesis is critical in conifer biotechnology towards multivarietal forestry that uses elite varieties to cope with environmental and socio-economic issues. An important and still sub-optimal process during in vitro maturation of somatic embryos (SE) is the biosynthesis and deposition of storage proteins, which are rich in amino acids with high nitrogen (N) content, such as arginine. Mobilization of these N-rich proteins is essential for the germination and production of vigorous somatic seedlings. Somatic embryos accumulate lower levels of N reserves than zygotic embryos (ZE) at a similar stage of development. To understand the molecular basis for this difference, the arginine metabolic pathway has been characterized in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). The genes involved in arginine metabolism have been identified and GFP-fusion constructs were used to locate the enzymes in different cellular compartments and clarify their metabolic roles during embryogenesis and germination. Analysis of gene expression during somatic embryo maturation revealed high levels of transcripts for genes involved in the biosynthesis and metabolic utilization of arginine. By contrast, enhanced expression levels were only observed during the last stages of maturation and germination of ZE, consistent with the adequate accumulation and mobilization of protein reserves. These results suggest that arginine metabolism is unbalanced in SE (simultaneous biosynthesis and degradation of arginine) and could explain the lower accumulation of storage proteins observed during the late stages of somatic embryogenesis.

Robo-AO KP: A new era in robotic adaptive optics

Science.gov (United States)

Riddle, Reed L.; Baranec, Christoph; Law, Nicholas M.; Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.; Duev, Dmitry; Ziegler, Carl; Jensen-Clem, Rebecca M.; Atkinson, Dani Eleanor; Tanner, Angelle M.; Zhang, Celia; Ray, Amy

2016-01-01

Robo-AO is the first and only fully automated adaptive optics laser guide star AO instrument. It was developed as an instrument for 1-3m robotic telescopes, in order to take advantage of their availability to pursue large survey programs and target of opportunity observations that aren't possible with other AO systems. Robo-AO is currently the most efficient AO system in existence, and it can achieve an observation rate of 20+ science targets per hour. In more than three years of operations at Palomar Observatory, it has been quite successful, producing technology that is being adapted by other AO systems and robotic telescope projects, as well as several high impact scientific publications. Now, Robo-AO has been selected to take over operation of the Kitt Peak National Observatory 2.1m telescope. This will give Robo-AO KP the opportunity to pursue multiple science programs consisting of several thousand targets each during the three years it will be on the telescope. One-sixth of the observing time will be allocated to the US community through the NOAO TAC process. This presentation will discuss the process adapting Robo-AO to the KPNO 2.1m telescope, the plans for integration and initial operations, and the science operations and programs to be pursued.

Adesão ao tratamento da ambliopia

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Arakaki Mara Regina

2004-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da adesão no resultado do tratamento da ambliopia. MÉTODOS: Foi feito estudo retrospectivo avaliando a resposta ao tratamento da ambliopia em 151 crianças portadoras de ambliopia, tratadas com esquema de oclusão diária, com o número de dias variando de acordo com a idade da criança. Os pacientes foram separados em dois grupos que diferiam entre si pela adesão ou não ao tratamento. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que o tratamento teve melhores resultados nas crianças de 4 a 7 anos e que aderiram ao tratamento; as crianças que aderiram ao tratamento necessitaram de tempo menor de permanência em tratamento. Mesmo crianças com idade superior a 7 anos tiveram resultados positivos com a oclusão. CONCLUSÃO:O tratamento oclusivo é um meio terapêutico eficiente desde que haja a cooperação do paciente.

Tamanho ao nascer e problemas de saúde mental aos 11 anos em uma coorte brasileira de nascimentos

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Erika Alejandra Giraldo Gallo

2011-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre tamanho ao nascer e problemas de saúde mental aos 11 anos na Coorte de Nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 1993. Foram pesados e medidos ao nascer 4.358 recém-nascidos. Avaliou-se problemas de saúde mental com o questionário de capacidades e dificuldades (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - SDQ. A prevalência de problemas de saúde mental foi de 32% (IC95%: 31-33. Na análise ajustada, os 291 (6,7% recém-nascidos com escorez de peso/idade e os 268 (6,2% com índice de massa corporal (IMC/idade +2 DP tiveram, respectivamente, 34% (IC95%: 6-71 e 19% (IC95%: 1-40 maior risco de apresentar esses problemas se comparados com aqueles com escore normal. Os resultados sugerem que fatores ocorridos na gestação e refletidos nas medidas de tamanho ao nascer podem ocasionar problemas de saúde mental em etapas tardias.

Farmacovigilancia de fitoterápicos em uma indústria farmacêutica brasileira: mecanismo de aperfeiçoamento dos produtos

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Fabiane Sobrinho de ABREU

2014-12-01

Full Text Available A utilização dos fitoterápicos tem como base a tradição popular e é considerada uma opção terapêutica à utilização da medicina convencional. Erroneamente diz-se que o uso desses medicamentos é isento de reações adversas, porém, se não forem utilizados com orientação adequada, podem gerar efeitos nocivos ao organismo. Os medicamentos de forma geral, após serem lançados no mercado, podem provocar reações adversas inesperadas sendo necessário assim, o trabalho da farmacovigilância. Este trabalho teve como objetivo levantar os casos de reações adversas provocadas com a utilização de medicamentos fitoterápicos produzidos por um laboratório nacional sediado no Rio de Janeiro. Um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, transversal e quantitativo, foi realizado utilizando a base de dados de notificações espontâneas de reações inesperadas da referida indústria, no período de dezoito meses. Durante o período levantado, houve um total de trinta e duas notificações distribuídas entre seis fitoterápicos contendo: Trifolium pratense L, Pinus pinaster Aiton, Hedera helix L., Tribullus terrestris L., Pelargonium sidoides DC., Cimicifuga racemosa (L. Nutt. A reação adversa mais relatada, independente da espécie vegetal utilizada foi alergia. Usuários com idade acima de cinquenta anos predominaram nos relatos, provenientes principalmente da região Sudeste. Conclui-se que a maioria dos medicamentos fitoterápicos produzidos e distribuídos pela indústria é segura e eficaz para o tratamento das patologias a que se destinam. Para que haja um melhor contato entre o notificador e o prescritor, é importante a divulgação da farmacovigilância de fitoterápicos entre os profissionais da Saúde. Dessa forma, é possível conhecer os efeitos nocivos, permitindo ações de aprimoramento do medicamento, e garantindo sua eficácia e segurança.

FlorNExT®, a cloud computing application to estimate growth and yield of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) stands in Northeastern Portugal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barreiro, S.; Rua, J.; Tomé, M.

2016-07-01

Aim of the study. To introduce and describe FlorNExT®, a free cloud computing application to estimate growth and yield of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) even-aged stands in the Northeast of Portugal (NE Portugal). Area of study: NE Portugal. Material and methods: FlorNExT® implements a dynamic growth and yield modelling framework which integrates transition functions for dominant height (site index curves) and basal area, as well as output functions for tree and stand volume, biomass, and carbon content. Main results: FlorNExT® is freely available from any device with an Internet connection at: http://flornext.esa.ipb.pt/. Research highlights: This application has been designed to make it possible for any stakeholder to easily estimate standing volume, biomass, and carbon content in maritime pine stands from stand data, as well as to estimate growth and yield based on four stand variables: age, density, dominant height, and basal area. FlorNExT® allows planning thinning treatments. FlorNExT® is a fundamental tool to support forest mobilization at local and regional scales in NE Portugal. (Author)

Establishing gene models from the Pinus pinaster genome using gene capture and BAC sequencing.

Science.gov (United States)

Seoane-Zonjic, Pedro; Cañas, Rafael A; Bautista, Rocío; Gómez-Maldonado, Josefa; Arrillaga, Isabel; Fernández-Pozo, Noé; Claros, M Gonzalo; Cánovas, Francisco M; Ávila, Concepción

2016-02-27

In the era of DNA throughput sequencing, assembling and understanding gymnosperm mega-genomes remains a challenge. Although drafts of three conifer genomes have recently been published, this number is too low to understand the full complexity of conifer genomes. Using techniques focused on specific genes, gene models can be established that can aid in the assembly of gene-rich regions, and this information can be used to compare genomes and understand functional evolution. In this study, gene capture technology combined with BAC isolation and sequencing was used as an experimental approach to establish de novo gene structures without a reference genome. Probes were designed for 866 maritime pine transcripts to sequence genes captured from genomic DNA. The gene models were constructed using GeneAssembler, a new bioinformatic pipeline, which reconstructed over 82% of the gene structures, and a high proportion (85%) of the captured gene models contained sequences from the promoter regulatory region. In a parallel experiment, the P. pinaster BAC library was screened to isolate clones containing genes whose cDNA sequence were already available. BAC clones containing the asparagine synthetase, sucrose synthase and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase gene sequences were isolated and used in this study. The gene models derived from the gene capture approach were compared with the genomic sequences derived from the BAC clones. This combined approach is a particularly efficient way to capture the genomic structures of gene families with a small number of members. The experimental approach used in this study is a valuable combined technique to study genomic gene structures in species for which a reference genome is unavailable. It can be used to establish exon/intron boundaries in unknown gene structures, to reconstruct incomplete genes and to obtain promoter sequences that can be used for transcriptional studies. A bioinformatics algorithm (GeneAssembler) is also provided as a

Research on AO/FO batch management technology in aircraft production

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Yin Haijun

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Based on the analysis of the characteristics and significance of AO/FO in the process of aircraft production, this paper analyzes the format rules of AO/FO batch management from the perspective of technology realization, and details the AO/FO The change of the query and the change status tracking, introduces the AO/FO single-stand status display in the batch management, increases the structure definition of the attribute table in the batch management, and designs the relevant algorithm to store and calculate the batch information. Finally, based on the above theory support AO/FO batch management system successfully used in the production of a machine.

Sensibilidade da rosa 'Osiana' ao etileno

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Delaine Cristina Cordeiro

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar a sensibilidade e as respostas da rosa cultivar Osiana (Rosa × hybrida à presença de etileno ao longo da vida pós-colheita. Para determinar a sensibilidade da flor ao etileno, hastes foram cortadas e colocadas em câmaras herméticas e em seguida tratadas por 24 horas com diferentes concentrações de etileno variando de 0,0; 0,1; 1,0; 10; 100 e 1000 µL L-1do ar no interior da câmara. A rosa teve a vida pós-colheita reduzida pelo etileno, quando exposta a concentração igual ou superior a 10 µL L-1 de etileno. As flores tratadas com no mínimo de 10 µL L-1de etileno desenvolveram necrose, murcha e abscisão prematura das pétalas ainda túrgidas. As concentrações de 0,1 e 1,0 µL L-1de etileno estimularam a abertura do botão floral durante o período de 24 horas de exposição ao etileno, sem no entanto, reduzir a vida pós-colheita. A rosa 'Osiana' pode ser classificada como uma cultivar sensível ao etileno e a concentração influência os processos estimulados.

Population dynamics of bacteria associated with different strains of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus after inoculation in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster).

Science.gov (United States)

Roriz, Mariana; Santos, Carla; Vasconcelos, Marta W

2011-08-01

For a long time it was thought that Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was the only agent of the pine wilt disease. Recently, it was discovered that there are bacteria associated with the nematodes that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease, mainly through the release of toxins that promote the death of the pines. Among the species most commonly found, are bacteria belonging to the Bacillus, Pantoea, Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas genera. The main objective of this work was to study the effect of inoculation of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) with four different nematode isolates, in the bacterial population of nematodes and trees, at different stages of disease progression. The monitoring of progression of disease symptoms was also recorded. Also, the identification of bacteria isolated from the xylem of trees and the surface of nematodes was performed by classical identification methods, by the API20E identification system and by sequencing of bacterial DNA. The results showed that for the symptoms progression, the most striking difference was observed for the pines inoculated with the avirulent isolate, C14-5, which led to a slower and less severe aggravation of symptoms than in pines inoculated with the virulent isolates. In general, it was found that bacterial population, inside the tree, increased with disease progression. A superior bacterial quantity was isolated from pines inoculated with the nematode isolates HF and 20, and, comparatively, few bacteria were isolated from pines inoculated with the avirulent isolate. The identification system API20E was insufficient in the identification of bacterial species; Enterobacter cloacae species was identified in 79% of the isolated bacterial colonies and seven of these colonies could not be identified by this method. Molecular identification methods, through bacterial DNA sequencing, allowed a more reliable identification: eleven different bacterial species within the Bacillus, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia

SCExAO: First Results and On-Sky Performance

Science.gov (United States)

Currie, Thayne; Guyon, Olivier; Martinache, Frantz; Clergeon, Christophe; McElwain, Michael; Thalmann, Christian; Jovanovic, Nemanja; Singh, Garima; Kudo, Tomoyuki

2013-01-01

We present new on-sky results for the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics imager (SCExAO) verifying and quantifying the contrast gain enabled by key components: the closed-loop coronagraphic low-order wavefront sensor (CLOWFS) and focal plane wavefront control ("speckle nulling"). SCExAO will soon be coupled with a high-order, Pyramid wavefront sensor which will yield greater than 90% Strehl ratio and enable 10(exp 6) -10(exp 7) contrast at small angular separations allowing us to image gas giant planets at solar system scales. Upcoming instruments like VAMPIRES, FIRST, and CHARIS will expand SCExAO's science capabilities.

Adesão ao tratamento no transtorno bipolar

OpenAIRE

Santin,Aida; Ceresér,Keila; Rosa,Adriane

2005-01-01

O transtorno bipolar (TB) é uma doença crônica, recorrente, presente em 1,5% da população, estando associada a altas taxas de mortalidade e prejuízos socioeconômicos. O lítio, a carbamazepina e o ácido valpróico são os estabilizadores de humor mais usados. Em tratamentos prolongados, como é o caso do TB, a má-adesão dos pacientes é uma das maiores dificuldades. Verifica-se que fatores ligados ao paciente, aos medicamentos e aos médicos possam ser responsáveis pela baixa adesão. A psicoeducaçã...

Are needles of Pinus pinaster more vulnerable to xylem embolism than branches? New insights from X-ray computed tomography.

Science.gov (United States)

Bouche, Pauline S; Delzon, Sylvain; Choat, Brendan; Badel, Eric; Brodribb, Timothy J; Burlett, Regis; Cochard, Hervé; Charra-Vaskou, Katline; Lavigne, Bruno; Li, Shan; Mayr, Stefan; Morris, Hugh; Torres-Ruiz, José M; Zufferey, Vivian; Jansen, Steven

2016-04-01

Plants can be highly segmented organisms with an independently redundant design of organs. In the context of plant hydraulics, leaves may be less embolism resistant than stems, allowing hydraulic failure to be restricted to distal organs that can be readily replaced. We quantified drought-induced embolism in needles and stems of Pinus pinaster using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). HRCT observations of needles were compared with the rehydration kinetics method to estimate the contribution of extra-xylary pathways to declining hydraulic conductance. High-resolution computed tomography images indicated that the pressure inducing 50% of embolized tracheids was similar between needle and stem xylem (P50 needle xylem  = -3.62 MPa, P50 stem xylem  = -3.88 MPa). Tracheids in both organs showed no difference in torus overlap of bordered pits. However, estimations of the pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductance at the whole needle level by the rehydration kinetics method were significantly higher (P50 needle  = -1.71 MPa) than P50 needle xylem derived from HRCT. The vulnerability segmentation hypothesis appears to be valid only when considering hydraulic failure at the entire needle level, including extra-xylary pathways. Our findings suggest that native embolism in needles is limited and highlight the importance of imaging techniques for vulnerability curves. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

FlorNExT®, a cloud computing application to estimate growth and yield of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait. stands in Northeastern Portugal

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Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Aim of the study: To introduce and describe FlorNExT®, a free cloud computing application to estimate growth and yield of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait. even-aged stands in the Northeast of Portugal (NE Portugal. Area of study: NE Portugal. Material and methods: FlorNExT® implements a dynamic growth and yield modelling framework which integrates transition functions for dominant height (site index curves and basal area, as well as output functions for tree and stand volume, biomass, and carbon content. Main results: FlorNExT® is freely available from any device with an Internet connection at: http://flornext.esa.ipb.pt/. Research highlights: This application has been designed to make it possible for any stakeholder to easily estimate standing volume, biomass, and carbon content in maritime pine stands from stand data, as well as to estimate growth and yield based on four stand variables: age, density, dominant height, and basal area. FlorNExT® allows planning thinning treatments. FlorNExT® is a fundamental tool to support forest mobilization at local and regional scales in NE Portugal. Keywords: forest management; maritime pine; forest modelling; knowledge transfer tool.

O direito fundamental ao conteúdo do próprio trabalho: uma reconstrução normativa do direito ao trabalho

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Leonardo Vieira Wandelli

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Pretende-se enfrentar a inefetividade do direito humano e fundamental ao trabalho a partir de um esforço de reconstrução normativa da sua fundamentação, apoiada em um duplo pilar teórico, nas teorias das necessidades e nas teorias do reconhecimento. Com isso, não somente se recupera a importância do vínculo entre trabalho e dignidade humana, como se explicitam aspectos essenciais da centralidade do trabalho para os sujeitos. A partir disso, o direito ao trabalho se desvela não apenas como necessidade radical, tendente à transformação da institucionalidade vigente, mas também como direito positivado em um amplo leque de normas internacionais e nacionais, que contempla diversas dimensões normativas atualmente exigíveis. Propõe-se que, no centro desse direito, está um direito fundamental ao conteúdo do próprio trabalho, que determina juridicamente as condições da atividade e da organização do trabalho. Recente estudo adotado pelo Alto Comissariado em Direitos Humanos da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU sobre o direito ao trabalho reforça essa compreensão. Palavras-chave: Direitos humanos. Direitos fundamentais. Direito ao trabalho. Psicodinâmica do trabalho. Direito do trabalho.

Antibacterial Activity of Pinus pinaster Bark Extract and its Components Against Multidrug-resistant Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii

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Mirna Ćurković-Perica

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The aim of this research was to test the antibacterial activity of Pinus pinaster aqueous bark extract (PABE and its basic components against multidrug-resistant isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii belonging to European clone I and II, isolated previously from the clinical outbreaks. The minimum bactericidal concentration of PABE against both clones of A. baumannii was 200 mg ml–1, while lower concentrations showed high antibacterial activity. After 24 h of treatment with 100, 50 or 10 mg ml–1 of extract, the reduction in the number of A. baumannii isolates belonging to European clone I and II was 85.8 ± 2.5 %, 78.5 ± 1.1 %, 66.3 ± 2.5 % and 90.2 ± 1.7 %, 78.6 ± 1.2 %, 69.8 ± 0.7 %, respectively. Several basic components: caffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid and vanillin, detected in the extract by high performance liquid chromatography, contributed to the antibacterial activity of the extract against both clones of A. baumannii. However, the antibacterial activity of extract was higher than that of each tested basic component suggesting that proanthocyanidins, which were present in quite a large amount in the extract, might have also contributed to the activity of the extract. Antibacterial activity of PABE against A. baumannii reveals that complex and inexpensive natural product might be useful in combat against naturally competent bacteria that easily acquire resistance against antibiotics.

Suporte relacionado ao cuidado em saúde ao doente com aids: o modelo de comboio e a enfermagem

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Edilene Aparecida Araújo da Silveira

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a relação e a troca de suporte entre o doente com AIDS e pessoas à sua volta. O estudo está baseado no modelo de comboio das relações sociais que tem como uma de suas características a representação da rede em três círculos concêntricos. Os participantes eram pessoas que estavam internadas e que falaram sobre o suporte relacionado ao cuidado em saúde proporcionado por pessoas próximas, ou seja, que pertenciam ao círculo interno do comboio. A maioria dos participantes descreveu o círculo como sendo composto por no máximo cinco integrantes, sendo que pessoas da família foram as mais citadas. Os profissionais de saúde precisam conhecer o paciente e seu comboio, reconhecendo-os no contexto psicossocial e cultural de forma a favorecer a aceitação da soropositividade, mudanças no estilo de vida, ajuda nos cuidados de saúde e adesão ao tratamento.

Functional and genetic characterization of gas exchange and intrinsic water use efficiency in a full-sib family of Pinus pinaster Ait. in response to drought.

Science.gov (United States)

de Miguel, Marina; Sánchez-Gómez, David; Cervera, María Teresa; Aranda, Ismael

2012-01-01

Drought is an important environmental factor in Mediterranean ecosystems affecting seedling recruitment, productivity or susceptibility to fires and pathogens. Studying water use efficiency in these environments is crucial due to its adaptive value allowing trees to cope with low water availability. We studied the phenotypic variability and genetic control of intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE(i)) and related traits in a full-sib family of Pinus pinaster under drought imposition. We detected significant differences in WUE(i) between clones of the same family and moderate heritability estimates that indicate some degree of genetic control over this trait. Stomatal conductance to water vapor was the trait most affected by drought imposition and it showed the strongest influence in WUE(i). Stomatal conductance to water vapor and specific leaf area (SLA) were the traits with highest heritabilities and they showed a significant genetic correlation with WUE(i), suggesting that selection of needles with low SLA values will improve WUE(i) in this species by reducing water losses through stomatal control.

An integer programming model for a forest harvest problem in Pinus pinaster stands

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fonseca, T. F.; Cerveira, A.; Mota, A.

2012-11-01

The study addresses the special case of a management plan for maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in common lands. The study area refers to 4,432 ha of maritime pine stands in North Portugal (Perimetro Florestal do Barroso in the county of Ribeira de Pena), distributed among five common lands called baldio areas. Those lands are co-managed by the Official Forest Services and the local communities, essentially for timber production, using empirical guidance. As the current procedure does not guarantee the best thinning and clear-cutting scheduling, it was considered important to develop easy-to-use models, supported by optimization techniques, to be employed by the forest managers in the harvest planning of these communitarian forests. Planning of the thinning and clear-cutting operations involved certain conditions, such as: (1) the optimal age for harvesting; (2) the maximum stand density permitted; (3) the minimum volume to be cut; (4) the guarantee of incomes for each of the five baldios in at least a two year period; (5) balanced incomes during the length of the projection period. In order to evaluate the sustainability of the wood resources, a set of constraints lower bounding the average ending age was additionally tested. The problem was formulated as an integer linear programming model where the incomes from thinning and clear-cutting are maximized while considering the constraints mentioned above. Five major scenarios were simulated. The simplest one allows for silvicultural constraints only, whereas the other four consider these constraints besides different management options. Two of them introduce joint management of all common areas with or without constraints addressing balanced distribution of incomes during the plan horizon, whilst the other two consider the same options but for individual management of the baldios. The proposed model is easy to apply, providing immediate advantages for short and mid-term planning periods compared to the empirical

Carbon allocation belowground in Pinus pinaster using stable carbon isotope pulse labeling technique

Science.gov (United States)

Dannoura, M.; Bosc, A.; Chipeaux, C.; Sartore, M.; Lambrot, C.; Trichet, P.; Bakker, M.; Loustau, D.; Epron, D.

2010-12-01

Carbon allocation belowground competes with aboveground growth and biomass production. In the other hand, it contributes to resource acquisition such as nutrient, water and carbon sequestration in soil. Thus, a better characterization of carbon flow from plant to soil and its residence time within each compartment is an important issue for understanding and modeling forest ecosystem carbon budget. 13C pulse labeling of whole crown was conducted at 4 seasons to study the fate of assimilated carbon by photosynthesis into the root on 12 year old Pinus pinaster planted in the INRA domain of Pierroton. Maritime pine is the most widely planted species in South-West Europe. Stem, root and soil CO2 effluxes and their isotope composition were measured continuously by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy with a trace gas analyzer (TGA 100A; Campbell Scientific) coupled to flow-through chambers. 13CO2 recovery and peak were observed in respiration of each compartment after labeling. It appeared sequentially from top of stem to bottom, and to coarse root. The maximum velocity of carbon transfer was calculated as the difference in time lag of recovery between two positions on the trunk or on the root. It ranged between 0.08-0.2 m h-1 in stem and between 0.04-0.12 m h-1 in coarse root. This velocity was higher in warmer season, and the difference between time lag of recovery and peak increased after first frost. Photosynthates arrived underground 1.5 to 5 days after labeling, at similar time in soil CO2 effluxes and coarse root respiration. 0.08-1.4 g of carbon was respired per tree during first 20 days following labeling. It presented 0.6 -10% of 13C used for labeling and it is strongly related to seasons. The isotope signal was detected in fine root organs and microbial biomass by periodical core sampling. The peak was observed 6 days after labeling in early summer while it was delayed more than 10 days in autumn and winter with less amount of carbon allocated

RECURSO AO LEGISLADOR: CONSIDERAÇÕES EM TORNO DO CONTROLE LEGISLATIVO AO PODER JUDICIÁRIO (UM EPITÁFIO À PEC Nº33)

OpenAIRE

Dettmam, Deborah; Matos, Nelson Juliano Cardoso

2017-01-01

Este artigo discute se o recurso ao povo ou ao legislador, como instrumento de resolução dos conflitos entre os poderes, viola a separação de poderes e a independência do poder judiciário ou se, antes disso, dá fiel execução à separação de poderes. Para alcançar esse objetivo, esse artigo investiga se existe relação entre o recurso ao legislador e os regimes autoritários; se a Constituição Federal de 1988 proíbe outro guardião constitucional, que não o Supremo Tribunal Federal, e quais as con...

Ab urbe condita. Desde a fundaçao da cidade de Bracara Augusta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rui Morais

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Neste estudo aborda-se a problemática da fundaçao da antiga cidade de Bracara Augusta, levando em consideraçao o registro arqueológico e sua problemática e significado. A parte da fundaçao ex novo da cidade ou da preexistência de populaçoes autóctones no local, apresentam-se fortes vestígios indicadores da importância do culto imperial e dinástico que pensamos fortemente associados ao acto simbólico da sua fundaçao ou "refundaçao" segundo uma cerimónia à da "Roma Quadrada" augústea.

Adaptive potential of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster populations to the emerging pitch canker pathogen, Fusarium circinatum.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Margarita Elvira-Recuenco

Full Text Available There is a concern on how emerging pests and diseases will affect the distribution range and adaptability of their host species, especially due to different conditions derived from climate change and growing globalization. Fusarium circinatum, which causes pitch canker disease in Pinus species, is an exotic pathogen of recent introduction in Spain that threatens its maritime pine (P. pinaster stands. To predict the impact this disease will have on the species, we examine host resistance traits and their genetic architecture. Resistance phenotyping was done in a clonal provenance/progeny trial, using three-year-old cuttings artificially inoculated with the pathogen and maintained under controlled environmental conditions. A total number of 670 ramets were assessed, distributed in 10 populations, with a total of 47 families, 2 to 5 half-sibs per family, and 3-7 ramets per clone. High genetic variation was found at the three hierarchical levels studied: population, family and clone, being both additive and non-additive effects important. Narrow-sense and broad-sense heritability estimates were relatively high, with respective values of 0.43-0.58 and 0.51-0.8, depending on the resistance traits measured (lesion length, lesion length rate, time to wilting, and survival. These values suggest the species' high capacity of evolutionary response to the F. circinatum pathogen. A population originated in Northern Spain was the most resistant, while another from Morocco was the most susceptible. The total number of plants that did not show lesion development or presented a small lesion (length<30 mm was 224 out of 670, indicating a high proportion of resistant trees in the offspring within the analyzed populations. We found large differences among populations and considerable genetic variation within populations, which should allow, through natural or artificial selection, the successful adaptation of maritime pine to pitch canker disease.

Mucilaginibacter pineti sp. nov., isolated from Pinus pinaster wood from a mixed grove of pines trees.

Science.gov (United States)

Paiva, Gabriel; Abreu, Pedro; Proença, Diogo Neves; Santos, Susana; Nobre, Maria Fernanda; Morais, Paula V

2014-07-01

Bacterial strain M47C3B(T) was isolated from the endophytic microbial community of a Pinus pinaster tree branch from a mixed grove of pines. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this organism represented one distinct branch within the family Sphingobacteriaceae, most closely related to the genus Mucilaginibacter. Strain M47C3B(T) formed a distinct lineage, closely related to Mucilaginibacter dorajii KACC 14556(T), with which it shared 97.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The other members of the genus Mucilaginibacter included in the same clade were Mucilaginibacter lappiensis ATCC BAA-1855(T) sharing 97.0% similarity and Mucilaginibacter composti TR6-03(T) that had a lower similarity (95.7%). The novel strain was Gram-staining-negative, formed rod-shaped cells, grew optimally at 26 °C and at pH 7, and was able to grow with up to 0.3% (w/v) NaCl. The respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids of the strain were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, representing 73.5% of the total fatty acids. The major components of the polar lipid profile of strain M47C3B(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified polar lipids. The G+C content of the DNA was 40.6 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical characteristics we propose the name Mucilaginibacter pineti sp. nov. for the novel species represented by strain M47C3B(T) ( = CIP 110632(T) = LMG 28160(T)). © 2014 IUMS.

Adaptive potential of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) populations to the emerging pitch canker pathogen, Fusarium circinatum.

Science.gov (United States)

Elvira-Recuenco, Margarita; Iturritxa, Eugenia; Majada, Juan; Alia, Ricardo; Raposo, Rosa

2014-01-01

There is a concern on how emerging pests and diseases will affect the distribution range and adaptability of their host species, especially due to different conditions derived from climate change and growing globalization. Fusarium circinatum, which causes pitch canker disease in Pinus species, is an exotic pathogen of recent introduction in Spain that threatens its maritime pine (P. pinaster) stands. To predict the impact this disease will have on the species, we examine host resistance traits and their genetic architecture. Resistance phenotyping was done in a clonal provenance/progeny trial, using three-year-old cuttings artificially inoculated with the pathogen and maintained under controlled environmental conditions. A total number of 670 ramets were assessed, distributed in 10 populations, with a total of 47 families, 2 to 5 half-sibs per family, and 3-7 ramets per clone. High genetic variation was found at the three hierarchical levels studied: population, family and clone, being both additive and non-additive effects important. Narrow-sense and broad-sense heritability estimates were relatively high, with respective values of 0.43-0.58 and 0.51-0.8, depending on the resistance traits measured (lesion length, lesion length rate, time to wilting, and survival). These values suggest the species' high capacity of evolutionary response to the F. circinatum pathogen. A population originated in Northern Spain was the most resistant, while another from Morocco was the most susceptible. The total number of plants that did not show lesion development or presented a small lesion (length<30 mm) was 224 out of 670, indicating a high proportion of resistant trees in the offspring within the analyzed populations. We found large differences among populations and considerable genetic variation within populations, which should allow, through natural or artificial selection, the successful adaptation of maritime pine to pitch canker disease.

Resposta ao estresse: II. Resiliência e vulnerabilidade

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Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho

2015-06-01

Full Text Available ResumoA crescente exposição a estressores na vida cotidiana aumentou significativamente a investigação da resposta ao estresse nas duas últimas décadas. Embora associada a consequências negativas, pois muitas patologias físicas e mentais são desencadeadas por exposição crônica a estressores, esta resposta é indispensável para sobrevivencia do indivíduo e é extremamente adaptativa quando ativada de forma aguda. Na parte I desta revisão foram abordados os conceitos de homestase e alostase e os sistemas fisiológicos ativados durante a resposta ao estresse. Na parte II serão discutidos fatores que modulam a resposta ao estresse tais como sexo, temperamento, períodos críticos do desenvolvimento e a presença ou ausência de suporte social. A interação entre os fatores genéticos e ambientais gera os perfis da resposta psicofisiológica que caracterizam os fenótipos de susceptibilidade e resiliência frente aos estressores e sua relação com uma patologia mental cada vez mais presente na sociedade moderna, o transtorno de estresse pós-traumático.

Adesão ao tratamento da ambliopia

OpenAIRE

Arakaki,Mara Regina; Schellini,Silvana Artioli; Heimbeck,Felipe Jorge; Furuya,Margareth Tiemi; Padovani,Carlos Roberto

2004-01-01

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da adesão no resultado do tratamento da ambliopia. MÉTODOS: Foi feito estudo retrospectivo avaliando a resposta ao tratamento da ambliopia em 151 crianças portadoras de ambliopia, tratadas com esquema de oclusão diária, com o número de dias variando de acordo com a idade da criança. Os pacientes foram separados em dois grupos que diferiam entre si pela adesão ou não ao tratamento. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que o tratamento teve melhores resultados nas crianças de ...

Genetic variation of drought tolerance in Pinus pinaster at three hierarchical levels: a comparison of induced osmotic stress and field testing.

Science.gov (United States)

Gaspar, Maria João; Velasco, Tania; Feito, Isabel; Alía, Ricardo; Majada, Juan

2013-01-01

Understanding the survival capacity of forest trees to periods of severe water stress could improve knowledge of the adaptive potential of different species under future climatic scenarios. In long lived organisms, like forest trees, the combination of induced osmotic stress treatments and field testing can elucidate the role of drought tolerance during the early stages of establishment, the most critical in the life of the species. We performed a Polyethylene glycol-osmotic induced stress experiment and evaluated two common garden experiments (xeric and mesic sites) to test for survival and growth of a wide range clonal collection of Maritime pine. This study demonstrates the importance of additive vs non additive effects for drought tolerance traits in Pinus pinaster, and shows differences in parameters determining the adaptive trajectories of populations and family and clones within populations. The results show that osmotic adjustment plays an important role in population variation, while biomass allocation and hydric content greatly influence survival at population level. Survival in the induced osmotic stress experiment presented significant correlations with survival in the xeric site, and height growth at the mesic site, at population level, indicating constraints of adaptation for those traits, while at the within population level no significant correlation existed. These results demonstrate that population differentiation and within population genetic variation for drought tolerance follow different patterns.

Genetic variation of drought tolerance in Pinus pinaster at three hierarchical levels: a comparison of induced osmotic stress and field testing.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria João Gaspar

Full Text Available Understanding the survival capacity of forest trees to periods of severe water stress could improve knowledge of the adaptive potential of different species under future climatic scenarios. In long lived organisms, like forest trees, the combination of induced osmotic stress treatments and field testing can elucidate the role of drought tolerance during the early stages of establishment, the most critical in the life of the species. We performed a Polyethylene glycol-osmotic induced stress experiment and evaluated two common garden experiments (xeric and mesic sites to test for survival and growth of a wide range clonal collection of Maritime pine. This study demonstrates the importance of additive vs non additive effects for drought tolerance traits in Pinus pinaster, and shows differences in parameters determining the adaptive trajectories of populations and family and clones within populations. The results show that osmotic adjustment plays an important role in population variation, while biomass allocation and hydric content greatly influence survival at population level. Survival in the induced osmotic stress experiment presented significant correlations with survival in the xeric site, and height growth at the mesic site, at population level, indicating constraints of adaptation for those traits, while at the within population level no significant correlation existed. These results demonstrate that population differentiation and within population genetic variation for drought tolerance follow different patterns.

Turbellaria from Curaçao

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Marcus, Ernst

1960-01-01

A study of the several fresh and brackish-water springs on Curaçao, carried out by Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK, revealed (a) the common occurrence on that island of Dugesia festai (Borelli 1898), a species which until then had only been known from the South American mainland (nearest find: Ecuador!),

Decomposição de agulhas de Pinus pinaster e de folhas de Eucalyptus globulus em regiões do interior e do litoral de Portugal Decomposition of needle litter of Pinus pinaster and leaf litter of Eucalyptus globulus in the littoral and inland areas of Portugal

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C. Ribeiro

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Estudou-se, pela metodologia dos litter-bags, a decomposição de agulhas de Pinus pinaster (PP e de folhas de Eucalyptus globulus (EG, considerando a taxa de decomposição e a dinâmica de libertação dos nutrientes mais relevantes para a sustentabilidade dos sistemas florestais. Os estudos decorreram no litoral da Região Centro (Furadouro, Óbidos, quer com folhas de EG quer com agulhas de PP, no interior da Região Norte (Vila Pouca de Aguiar, com agulhas de PP, e numa situação intermédia com folhas de EG (Pegões e Rio Maior. Para igual período, a taxa de decomposição das agulhas de PP, estimada pelo modelo exponencial simples, foi inferior à determinada para as folhas de EG, sendo a diferença mais acentuada na fase inicial da decomposição (6 meses, em que a perda de peso das agulhas de PP foi cerca de metade da observada para as folhas de EG. Durante a fase inicial decomposição, tanto das folhas de EG como das agulhas de PP, ocorreu uma assinalável libertação de P, K e de Mg. A libertação do N dependeu da taxa de decomposição, observando- -se imobilização para as agulhas de PP com mais baixa taxa de decomposição, e libertação rápida para as folhas de EG com mais elevada taxa de decomposição. No caso do Ca o factor diferenciador foi a espécie, sendo a respectiva libertação baixa para as agulhas de PP, mas acentuada para as folhas de EG. As folhas verdes de resíduos de abate de EG decompuseram-se e libertaram os nutrientes mais rapidamente do que as folhas senescentes da mesma espécie.Decomposition of needle litter of Pinus pinaster (PP and leaf litter of Eucalyptus globulus (EG was assessed using the litterbag methodology. Decomposition rate of these residues and release dynamics of nutrients with more relevance to the sustainability of forest systems were measured. The study was carried out in the litoral of Central Portugal (Furadouro,Óbidos, using both PP and EG, in inland of North Portugal (Vila Pouca

Barreiras ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial

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Maria Vilani Cavalcante Guedes

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se descrever as barreiras encontradas pelas pessoas portadoras de hipertensão arterial para a não adesão ao tratamento e controle dos níveis de sua pressão arterial. Estudo descritivo e transversal realizado em seis unidades básicas de saúde em Fortaleza-Ceará, Brasil, com 246 pessoas inscritas no Programa de Controle de Hipertensão Arterial há, no mínimo, um ano. Coletaram-se dados com entrevista estruturada e no prontuário eletrônico. Identificaram-se 69 pesquisados com níveis pressóricos normalizados. As principais barreiras apontadas foram: baixas condições financeiras, tratamento contínuo com muitos remédios e prática de atividade física. Concluiu-se que as barreiras ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo compreendem a pessoa adoecida, seu ambiente de vida e acesso aos cuidados de saúde.

Overland flow generation processes in sub-humid Mediterranean forest stands

Science.gov (United States)

Ferreira, A. J. D.; Ferreira, C. S. S.; Coelho, C. O. A.; Walsh, R. P. D.; Shakesby, R. A.

2012-04-01

Forest soils in north and central Portugal have suffered and continue to suffer major structural changes as a result of forest management techniques, such as clear-felling and as a result of wildfire and rip-ploughing, which is carried out to prepare the ground for planting tree seedlings. In soils that have undergone these changes, the characteristics tend to be different for coniferous plantations, where the root system tends to die when the trees are cut following fire and subsequently may be consumed by fire to form a macropore network, and other types of tree plantations where the root system remains alive and allows regrowth from the sawn tree stumps. Overland flow thresholds decrease sharply as a result of rip-ploughing and forest fires and increase following clear-felling. The time taken for trees to reach maturity after wildfire differs markedly betwen the two main species (Pinus pinaster Aiton and Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) stands. In this paper, overland flow is considered in relation to rainfall, throughfall and throughflow, both in terms of hydrology and hydrochemistry in an attempt to understand overland flow generation mechanisms for a variety of forest land uses (mature pine and eucalyptus, pine seedling regrowth and eucalyptus regrowth from tree stumps, eucalyptus plantations and burned pine). Overland flow generation processes change sharply, even within a single rainfall event, as reflected in the soil hydrological processes and the hydrochemical fingerprints. These effects result from the different contact times for water and soil, which cause differences in the absorption and exhudation processes for the two species

Nemerteans from Curaçao

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Corrêa, Diva Diniz

1963-01-01

All species treated in this paper were collected by me between January and June 1962, during my stay at the “Caraïbisch Marien-Biologisch Instituut” (Caribbean Marine Biological Institute), Curaçao. I am deeply indebted to the Government of the Netherlands, which awarded me a grant enabling me to

Robo-AO M Dwarf Multiplicity Survey

Science.gov (United States)

Lamman, Claire; Baranec, Christoph; Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.; Law, Nicholas M.; Ziegler, Carl; Schonhut-Stasik, Jessica

2018-06-01

We analyzed close to 7,000 observations from Robo-AO’s field M dwarf survey taken on the 2.1m Kitt Peak telescope. Results will help determine the total multiplicity fraction and multiplicity functions of M dwarfs, which are crucial steps towards understanding their evolution and formation mechanics. Through its robotic, laser-guided, and automated system, the Robo-AO instrument has yielded the largest adaptive-optics M dwarf survey to date. I developed a graphical user interface to quickly analyze this data. Initial data analysis included assessing data quality, checking the result from Robo-AO’s automatic reduction pipeline, and determining existence as well as the relative position of companions through a visual inspection. This program can be applied to other datasets and was successfully tested by re-analyzing observations from a separate Robo-AO survey. After a conservative initial cut for quality, over 350 companions were found within 4” of a primary star out of 2,746 high quality Robo-AO M dwarf observations, including four triple systems. Further observations were done with the Keck II telescope by using its NIRC2 imager to follow up on ten select targets for the existence and physical association of companions. Future research will yield insights into low-mass stellar formation and provide a database of nearby M dwarf multiples that will potentially assist ongoing and future surveys for planets around these stars, such as the NASA TESS mission.

Customer satisfaction and response to AOS

Science.gov (United States)

1999-01-01

Passenger surveys were conducted in each of three successive springs in order to track passenger perception of changes in service quality during AOS implementation. In general, no improvement in passenger perceptions was observed relative to a high b...

Variations in growth, survival and carbon isotope composition (delta(13)C) among Pinus pinaster populations of different geographic origins.

Science.gov (United States)

Correia, Isabel; Almeida, Maria Helena; Aguiar, Alexandre; Alía, Ricardo; David, Teresa Soares; Pereira, João Santos

2008-10-01

To evaluate differences in growth and adaptability of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.), we studied growth, polycyclism, needle tissue carbon isotope composition (delta(13)C) as an estimate of water-use efficiency (WUE) and survival of seven populations at 10 years of age growing in a performance trial at a provenance test site in Escaroupim, Portugal. Six populations were from relatively high rainfall sites in Portugal and southwestern France (Atlantic group), and one population was from a more arid Mediterranean site in Spain. There were significant differences between some populations in total height, diameter at breast height, delta(13)C of bulk needle tissue, polycyclism and survival. A population from central Portugal (Leiria, on the Atlantic coast) was the tallest and had the lowest delta(13)C. Overall, the variation in delta(13)C was better explained by the mean minimum temperatures of the coldest month than by annual precipitation at the place of origin. Analyses of the relationships between delta(13)C and growth or survival revealed a distinct pattern for the Mediterranean population, with low delta(13)C (and WUE) associated with the lowest growth potential and reduced survival. There were significant negative correlations between delta(13)C and height or survival in the Atlantic group. Variation in polycyclism was correlated with annual precipitation at the place of origin. Some Atlantic populations maintained a high growth potential while experiencing moderate water stress. A detailed knowledge of the relationships between growth, survival and delta(13)C in contrasting environments will enhance our ability to select populations for forestry or conservation.

Transforming Pinus pinaster forest to recreation site: preliminary effects on LAI, some forest floor, and soil properties.

Science.gov (United States)

Öztürk, Melih; Bolat, İlyas

2014-04-01

This study investigates the effects of forest transformation into recreation site. A fragment of a Pinus pinaster plantation forest was transferred to a recreation site in the city of Bartın located close to the Black Sea coast of northwestern Turkey. During the transformation, some of the trees were selectively removed from the forest to generate more open spaces for the recreationists. As a result, Leaf Area Index (LAI) decreased by 0.20 (about 11%). Additionally, roads and pathways were introduced into the site together with some recreational equipment sealing parts of the soil surface. Consequently, forest environment was altered with a semi-natural landscape within the recreation site. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of forest transformation into recreation site particularly in terms of the LAI parameter, forest floor, and soil properties. Preliminary monitoring results indicate that forest floor biomass is reduced by 26% in the recreation site compared to the control site. Soil temperature is increased by 15% in the recreation site where selective removal of trees expanded the gaps allowing more light transmission. On the other hand, the soil bulk density which is an indicator of soil compaction is unexpectedly slightly lower in the recreation site. Organic carbon (C(org)) and total nitrogen (N(total)) together with the other physical and chemical parameter values indicate that forest floor and soil have not been exposed to much disturbance. However, subsequent removal of trees that would threaten the vegetation, forest floor, and soil should not be allowed. The activities of the recreationists are to be concentrated on the paved spaces rather than soil surfaces. Furthermore, long-term monitoring and management is necessary for both the observation and conservation of the site.

Freshwater Bryozoa (Phylactolaemata) from Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lacourt, A.W.

1955-01-01

The Phylactolaemata-fauna of Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire, as it appears from the samples collected by dr P. Wagenaar Hummelinck, is connected with the fauna of the South-American mainland. The material belongs to three species only: Hyalinella agilis — Curaçao, Aruba, Bonaire — in temporary or

High-Performance CCSDS AOS Protocol Implementation in FPGA

Science.gov (United States)

Clare, Loren P.; Torgerson, Jordan L.; Pang, Jackson

2010-01-01

The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) Advanced Orbiting Systems (AOS) space data link protocol provides a framing layer between channel coding such as LDPC (low-density parity-check) and higher-layer link multiplexing protocols such as CCSDS Encapsulation Service, which is described in the following article. Recent advancement in RF modem technology has allowed multi-megabit transmission over space links. With this increase in data rate, the CCSDS AOS protocol implementation needs to be optimized to both reduce energy consumption and operate at a high rate.

African Journals Online: Curaçao

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic, Congo, Republic, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Curaçao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Arab Rep.

O direito fundamental ao conteúdo do próprio trabalho: uma reconstrução normativa do direito ao trabalho

OpenAIRE

Wandelli, Leonardo Vieira

2016-01-01

Resumo: Pretende-se enfrentar a inefetividade do direito humano e fundamental ao trabalho a partir de um esforço de reconstrução normativa da sua fundamentação, apoiada em um duplo pilar teórico, nas teorias das necessidades e nas teorias do reconhecimento. Com isso, não somente se recupera a importância do vínculo entre trabalho e dignidade humana, como se explicitam aspectos essenciais da centralidade do trabalho para os sujeitos. A partir disso, o direito ao trabalho se desvela não apenas ...

As sementes geneticamente modificadas e o direito ao desenvolvimento

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Milena Barbosa Melo

2017-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo apresenta como objeto de investigação a ligação entre os direitos da propriedade intelectual no contexto dos organismos geneticamente modificados (OGM´S. Objetivou-se, especificamente, responder inquietações acerca dos danos reais para os consumidores, bem como o lucro para as empresas multinacionais, sem desconsiderar, ainda, os efetivos danos ao meio ambiente e à saúde. Utilizou metodologia pautada em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental a partir do método hermenêutico fazendo uso da interpretação judicial-histórica. Conclui pela relevância da temática para efetivação do direito ao desenvolvimento, bem como pela urgência de uma regulamentação da biossegurança, de forma a permitir melhor sustentação aos OGM´s.

Exploring natural variation of Pinus pinaster Aiton using metabolomics: Is it possible to identify the region of origin of a pine from its metabolites?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Meijon, M.; Feito, I.; Oravec, Michal; Delatorre, C.; Weckwerth, W.; Majada, J.; Valledor, Luis

2016-01-01

Roč. 25, č. 4 (2016), s. 959-976 ISSN 0962-1083 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LO1415; GA MŠk(CZ) EE2.3.20.0256 Grant - others:Akademie věd České Republiky(CZ) M200871201 Institutional support: RVO:67179843 Keywords : abiotic stress * adaptation * conifers * flavonoids * terpenoids * UPLC-Orbitrap-MS Subject RIV: EH - Ecology, Behaviour Impact factor: 6.086, year: 2016

Resistências aos Antibióticos em Pneumologia

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J.G. Saraiva da Cunha

1999-01-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: A crescente resistência dos microrganismos aos agentes antimicrobianos tem motivado o interesse da comunidade científica com o objectivo de avaliar a dimensão do problema, perceber a sua origem e encontrar eveotuais soluções. São quatro os mecanismos basicos de resistência das bácterias aos antibióticos: inactivação enzimática, alteração ou excesso de produção das molécules alvo, diminuição da permeabilidade da parede celulalr e eliminação actia (eflauxo do antibiótico para o exterior da bactéria. Para cada uma das diferentes classes de antibioticos sio referidos os priocipais mecanismos de resisteocia, assim como se exemplifica quais os germes de particular relevância em pneumologia que maiores dificuldades terapêuticas actualmente colocam. Finalmente enumeram-se algumas medidas para contrariar a expansão do problema. Palavras-Chave: Resistências aos antibióticos, Pneumologia, Pneumococo

ENSAIO: HOMENAGEM AO PROFESSOR REINIER ROZESTRATEN

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Antonio C. R. Tupinambá

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Trata-se de uma homenagem póstuma ao Professor Doutor Reinier Rozestraten. O texto apresenta, suscintamente, o percurso acadêmico do nomeado professor, em especial a sua passagem pela Psicologia do Trânsito. Paralelamente discorre sobre sua principal obra na área, que, de certo modo introduz o discurso psicológico sobre o comportamento de trânsito em perspectiva nacional, juntamente com sua preocupação em imprimir um caráter científico ao tema e introduzi-lo no contexto da academia e na sociedade em perspectivas teórica e prática. A obra escolhida é considerada um marco para o estabelecimento teórico da disciplina da psicologia do trânsito no Brasil. A homenagem foi originalmente escrita por ocasião dos cinco anos de falecimento do professor Reinier.

SIMS chemical and isotopic analysis of impact features from LDEF experiments AO187-1 and AO187-2

Science.gov (United States)

Stadermann, Frank J.; Amari, Sachiko; Foote, John; Swan, Pat; Walker, Robert M.; Zinner, Ernst

1995-01-01

Previous secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) studies of extended impact features from LDEF capture cell experiment AO187-2 showed that it is possible to distinguish natural and man-made particle impacts based on the chemical composition of projectile residues. The same measurement technique has now been applied to specially prepared gold target impacts from experiment AO187-1 in order to identify the origins of projectiles that left deposits too thin to be analyzed by conventional energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The results indicate that SIMS may be the method of choice for the analysis of impact deposits on a variety of sample surfaces. SIMS was also used to determine the isotopic compositions of impact residues from several natural projectiles. Within the precision of the measurements all analyzed residues show isotopically normal compositions.

Holocene Evolution of Qing'ao Embayment, Southern China

Science.gov (United States)

Switzer, A. D.; Yu, F.; Chen, B.; Zheng, Z.; Wang, D.

2012-12-01

The Holocene evolution of the Qing'ao embayment, Nan'ao Island, southern China, is primarily the result of the interaction of tectonic activity, climate variation and changes in relative sea level. Characterizing the evolutionary history of the relatively small Qing'ao embayment during the Holocene will help improve our understanding of the driving mechanisms of coastal evolution in the area. To reconstruct the Holocene evolution history we analyzed the grain size, loss on ignition (LOI) and carbonate content of modern and core samples. Modern environmental analogs were examined in surface samples ranging from the coastal sand dunes through to offshore. The results of these modern samples suggest that dune sand (mean size of ~2.33Phi) are slightly finer than beach sand (mean size of 2.13Phi), and nearshore sediment is much coarser than offshore sediment (mean size of 5.90Phi). This modern analogs were then applied to 8 percussion cores from the Qing'ao embayment. A chronological framework obtained from 11 radiocarbon samples suggests that the embayment started to accept deposition since early Holocene, ~8500 cal. yr. BP. Three main phases of Holocene evolution were identified. A basin wide shell-rich sand sheet forms the basal Holocene facies and overlies clay rich presumably Pleistocene sediments or bedrock. This facies records an initial sedimentation phase associated with the early Holocene transgression into the embayment (~8500-6000 cal. yr. BP). The basal facies grades upward to a mixed sandy-mud facies which includes lagoonal clayey-silts, flood tide delta sands and records an estuarine phase lasting from ~6000-1000 cal. yr. BP that appears coincident with falling regional sea levels. Coincident with the estuarine phase is a period of coastal dune building recorded as yet undated massive sands that are found in the upper fill. Toward the end of the estuarine phase it is apparent that dune migration has restricted the lagoon entrance and that this was

Checklist of the birds of Aruba, Curaçao and Bonaire, South Caribbean

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Prins, T.G.; Reuter, J.H.; Debrot, A.O.; Wattel, J.; Nijman, V.

2009-01-01

We present an updated checklist of the birds of the islands of Aruba, Curaçao and Bonaire, and the islets of Klein Curaçao and Klein Bonaire, southern Caribbean, and compare this with earlier checklists (K.H. Voous, Stud. Fauna Curaçao Carib. Isl. 7: 1-260, 1957; Ardea 53: 205-234, 1965; Birds of

A Arqueologia do cuidado: da prática ao discurso

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Sidi Askofare

2006-06-01

Full Text Available A noção de cuidado, assimilada há muito tempo ao tratamento e, então, ao conceito de terapêutica, retorna, logo depois, nos estudos, pesquisas e reflexões nas ciências humanas. Mas, daí em diante, está emancipado de suas aderências e conotações médicas por serem demasiadamente redutoras. O presente artigo propõe uma arqueologia (no sentido foucaultiano do cuidado &– de suas origens animais às suas formas culturalmente e historicamente definidas &– e põe em evidência a subversão que produz no campo do cuidado &– das práticas aos discursos &– a emergência e a dominação do discurso da ciência.

Desempenho de vacas Charolês e Nelore desterneiradas aos três ou sete meses

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Restle João

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Foi avaliado o desempenho de vacas Charolês (C e Nelore (N, agrupadas em três classes de idade, jovens (3 e 4 anos, adultas (5 a 7 anos e velhas (8 ou mais anos, desmamadas aos três (precoce ou sete meses no outono (tradicional. O peso no outono das vacas desterneiradas aos três meses (T3 foi 45 kg superior ao das vacas com remoção do bezerro aos sete meses (T7. O estado corporal aos sete meses também foi melhor nas vacas do T3 (3,3 contra 2,1 pontos. Vacas do T3 apresentaram maior ganho de peso do parto ao final do período reprodutivo e apresentaram maiores porcentagem de cio (81 contra 51% e prenhez (67,2 contra 37,3% e menor intervalo do parto ao primeiro cio pós-parto (102 contra 114 dias que vacas do T7. Vacas adultas apresentaram melhor estado corporal aos sete meses e tiveram melhor desempenho reprodutivo do que vacas velhas e jovens. A diferença na porcentagem de prenhez entre o T3 e T7 foi mais evidente nas vacas jovens (42,11 contra 12,5% e velhas (51,72 contra 35,71% que nas adultas (62,50 contra 53,33%. Vacas C foram mais pesadas que as N, ao parto, aos três e sete meses pós-parto e apresentaram melhor estado corporal aos sete meses. O efeito do desmame precoce no desempenho reprodutivo foi mais evidente nas vacas C. A porcentagem de fêmeas prenhes nas C foi de 80,60% para o T3 e 41,90% para o T7, já nas N as porcentagens foram de 45,50 e 30,00%, respectivamente, para o T3 e T7. Nas vacas C, a produção de leite e a amamentação apresentaram efeito inibidor, sobre a reprodução, mais marcante que nas vacas N.

Como responder ao momento presente?

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Maria Filomena Molder

2013-12-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-784X.2013v13n19p13 Foi com esta pergunta — já um efeito de um primeiro encontro entre Irene Pimentel e eu própria — que decidimos desafiar colegas, estudantes e funci­onários da nossa Faculdade, FCSH (Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Huma­nas, de outras Faculdades da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, de outras Uni­versidades e todos os interessados em con­siderar e discutir em comum aquilo que se passava em Portugal e que no anúncio da Jornada de 6 de De­zembro de 2012 se descrevia como um “processo de desmantela­mento social, económico e cultural sem precedentes — pese embora tantas compara­ções, baseadas na premissa da ‘eterna repetição’ — e cujas consequências não param de exceder as previsões dos responsáveis por esse desmantelamento”. Acedendo com todo o empenho e gratidão ao convite que me foi dirigido por Humberto Brito para fazer uma resenha da Jornada a publicar no primeiro número de Forma de Vida (saúdo a revista e o título, decidi-me, no entanto, a pôr de lado a resenha, que sob a forma de “Editorial” será em breve publi­cada no blogue Responder ao Momento Presente, entre­tanto criado, conjuntamente com os textos escritos pelos nossos convidados, com as parti­cipações de pessoas que corresponderam ao nosso apelo e ainda com contri­bui­ções que se alargaram para lá da Jornada; a que se juntará uma gravação em video, também disponível no Youtube.   Texto publicado originalmente em Forma de Vida, Lisboa, n.1, fev. 2013. Agrade­cemos à autora por permitir a republicação neste número do Boletim. [N.E.

Performance of a MEMS-based AO-OCT system using Fourier Reconstruction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Evans, J; Zawadzki, R; Jones, S; Olivier, S; Werner, J S

2009-01-21

Adaptive optics (AO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are powerful imaging modalities that, when combined, can provide high-resolution (3.5 {micro}m isotropic), 3-D images of the retina. The AO-OCT system at UC Davis has demonstrated the utility of this technology for microscopic, volumetric, in vivo retinal imaging. The current system uses an AOptix bimorph deformable mirror (DM) for low-order, high-stroke correction and a 140-actuator Boston Micromachines DM for high-order correction. Developments to improve performance or functionality of the instrument are on-going. Based on previous work in system characterization we have focused on improved AO control. We present preliminary results and remaining challenges for a newly implemented Fourier transform reconstructor (FTR). The previously reported error budget analysis is also reviewed and updated, with consideration of how to improve both the amount of residual error and the robustness of the system. Careful characterization of the AO system will lead to improved performance and inform the design of future systems.

Estados Unidos: do Iraque ao Brasil

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Virgílio Caixeta Arraes

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo busca analisar os recentes temas recorrentes na política externa norte-americana, caracterizada pela “guerra contra o terror”, e seus impactos para a agenda a ser discutida na vindoura visita do presidente dos Estados Unidos, Geoge W. Bush, ao Brasil.

SIG aplicado ao Ensino de Geografia

OpenAIRE

Dornelles, Liane Maria Azevedo; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ

2009-01-01

Este trabalho descreve as atividades desenvolvidas junto à disciplina eletiva SIG aplicado ao ensino de Geografia. Foram elaboradas aplicações ambientais para os Ensinos Fundamental e Médio, com auxílio dos programas VistaSAGA/UFRJ, SISPLAMTE 5as com GIS, SPRING/INPE e MapServer.

NEGRITUDE E UNIVERSIDADE: EVIDENCIANDO QUESTÕES RELACIONADAS AO INGRESSO E AOS PROJETOS CURRICULARES. IOLANDA OLIVEIRA (ORGANIZADORA, 2015

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Joselina da Silva

2017-04-01

Full Text Available A década de setenta marca um dos momentos inauguradores, no Brasil, da constituição do corpo como bandeira e afirmação identitária por parte dos movimentos sociais negros. A negritude, em performance inspirada nos movimentos brasileiros dos anos trinta, em São Paulo, tomou a rua nas diversas capitais do país. Eram os movimentos Black Soul e os blocos afros. Os primeiros, aludiam diretamente aos afro estadunidenses; os segundos, por sua vez, cunhados por uma juventude cultural afro-baiana, instituíam uma moda capilar advinda dos trançados de diferentes países do continente africano, somados aos dreadlocks jamaicanos rematados com as roupas trajadas pelos orixás do panteão yorubá, das casas de culto ancestral. Nessa ambiência é que se destaca o protagonismo da intelectual que organiza o livro Negritude e universidade.

ROBO-AO M DWARF MULTIPLICITY SURVEY

Science.gov (United States)

Lamman, Claire; Berta-Thompson, Zachory; Baranec, Christoph; Law, Nicholas; Schonhut, Jessica

2018-01-01

We analyzed over 7,000 observations from Robo-AO’s field M dwarf survey taken on the 2.1m Kitt Peak telescope. Results will help determine the multiplicity fraction of M dwarfs as a function of primary mass, which is a crucial step towards understanding their evolution and formation mechanics. Through its robotic, laser-guided, and automated system, the Robo-AO instrument has yielded the largest adaptive-optics M dwarf survey to date. I developed a graphical user interface to quickly analyze this data. Initial data analysis included assessing data quality, checking the result from Robo-AO’s automatic reduction pipeline, and determining existence as well as the relative position of companions through a visual inspection. This program can be applied to other datasets and was successfully tested by re-analyzing observations from a separate Robo-AO survey. Following the preliminary results from this data analysis tool, further observations were done with the Keck II telescope by using its NIRC2 imager to follow up on ten select targets for the existence and physical association of companions. After a conservative initial cut for quality, 356 companions were found within 4” of a primary star out of 2,746 high quality Robo-AO M dwarf observations, including four triple systems. We will present a preliminary estimate for the multiplicity rate of wide M dwarf companions after accounting for observation limitations and the completeness of our search. Future research will yield insights into low-mass stellar formation and provide a database of nearby M dwarf multiples that will potentially assist ongoing and future surveys for planets around these stars, such as the NASA TESS mission.

Concentração de urânio em plantas desenvolvidas em solos agrícolas e de escombreira da área mineira da Cunha Baixa (Mangualde Uranium concentration in plants developed on agricultural soils and waste dumps in Cunha Baixa mine site (Mangualde

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O. Neves

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho avalia-se e comparara-se a concentração e capacidade de bioconcentra­ção (CB do urânio em diversas espécies vegetais (parte aérea que se desenvolveram em solos de escombreira (Pinus pinaster, Cytisus striatus, Cytisus multiflorus e culti­vadas (Zea mays L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Lactuca sativa L. em solos da zona agríco­la, envolvente à área mineira da Cunha Bai­xa (Mangualde. As espécies colonizadoras da escombreira estão bem adaptadas ao substrato, sendo o Pinus pinaster aquela que mais urânio concentrou na parte aérea (13,9 mg kg-1 podendo, juntamente com as espé­cies do género Cytisus, contribuir para a estabilização dos resíduos mineiros, ainda com elevada concentrações em urânio total e disponível (118 mg kg-1 e 43 mg kg-1, res­pectivamente. Entre as espécies cultivadas destaca-se a Lactuca sativa que concentrou, em média, 5,37 mg kg-1 de urânio (peso seco. Nenhuma das espécies estudadas se revelou acumuladora deste elemento (CB The uranium concentration and the bioco­centration capacity (BC in several plant species (aboveground part were evaluated and compared among species grown on soils developed on waste materials (Pinus pinaster, Cytisus striatus, Cytisus multiflo­rus and agricultural soils (Zea mays L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Lactuca sativa L. from the surrounding area of Cunha Baixa mine (Mangualde. The species colonizing waste materials are well adapted to the substratum, which contains high total and available uranium concentration (118 mg kg-1 and 43 mg kg-1 , respectively. Pinus pinaster concentrated more uranium (13.9 mg kg-1 than the spe­cies of genus Cytisus. As a consequence, and also due to the effective vegetation cover these plants can contribute to the sta­bilization of mining wastes dumps. Lactuca sativa concentrated more uranium (on ave­rage, 5.37 mg kg-1 dry weight than the other cultivated plants. None of the studied species was uranium accumulator (BC <1, even if

Isolation, Identification and Screening of Ectomycorrhizal fungi for reforestation purposes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sousa, N. R.; Oliveira, R. s.; Castro, P. M. I.

2009-07-01

Pinus pinaster occupies almost 30% of Portuguese forest area and fire is one of its major threat. Pinus pinaster is resistant to low fire intensities, however, the frequency and intensity of the current fire regime cuases a disturbing reduction of its area of distribution. Ectomycorrhizal fungi can form symbiotic associations with P. pinaster improving among other factors, plant growth and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, which can be a useful tool for an efficient reforestation of burned areas. (Author)

Isolation, Identification and Screening of Ectomycorrhizal fungi for reforestation purposes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sousa, N. R.; Oliveira, R. s.; Castro, P. M. I.

2009-01-01

Pinus pinaster occupies almost 30% of Portuguese forest area and fire is one of its major threat. Pinus pinaster is resistant to low fire intensities, however, the frequency and intensity of the current fire regime cuases a disturbing reduction of its area of distribution. Ectomycorrhizal fungi can form symbiotic associations with P. pinaster improving among other factors, plant growth and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, which can be a useful tool for an efficient reforestation of burned areas. (Author)

Instrumento mensurador de adesao para hipertensos: contribuicao da Teoria da Resposta ao Item

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Malvina Thais Pacheco Rodrigues

2013-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar instrumento de medição da adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão por meio da "Teoria da Resposta ao Item". MÉTODOS: Estudo analítico com 406 hipertensos com complicações associadas, atendidos na atenção básica em Fortaleza, CE, 2011, pela "Teoria da Resposta ao Item". As etapas de execução foram: teste de dimensionalidade, calibração dos itens; tratamento dos dados e construção da escala, analisadas com base no modelo de resposta gradual. Estudo da dimensionalidade do instrumento foi feito pela análise da matriz de correlação policórica e análise fatorial de informação completa. Utilizou-se o software Multilog para calibração dos itens e estimação dos escores. RESULTADOS: Os itens referentes ao tratamento medicamentoso foram os mais diretamente relacionados à adesão, enquanto aqueles referentes ao tratamento não medicamentoso precisam ser reformulados, pois possuíram menor quantidade de informação psicométrica e baixa discriminação. A independência dos itens, o reduzido número de níveis da escala e as baixas variâncias explicadas no ajuste dos modelos mostraram as principais fragilidades do instrumento analisado. A "Teoria da Resposta ao Item" mostrou-se relevante para análise, pois avaliou o respondente quanto à adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão, ao nível de dificuldade dos itens e à sua capacidade de discriminação entre indivíduos com diferentes níveis de adesão, o que gerou maior quantidade de informação. CONCLUSÕES: O instrumento analisado é limitado para medir a adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão, mediante análise pela "Teoria da Resposta ao Item", e necessita de ajustes. A adequada formulação dos itens é importante para medir precisamente o traço latente desejado.

Resistência de genótipos de caupi ao caruncho

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BARRETO PAULO DIÓGENES

2000-01-01

Full Text Available A utilização de resistência genética ao ataque de Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr. tem sido alvo de investigação científica, especialmente no que diz respeito à identificação de fontes de resistência. O presente trabalho objetivou incorporar, ao grupo de caracteres desejáveis para o cultivo de caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp., resistência genética ao caruncho (C. maculatus. Foram realizadas hibridações dos genótipos IT81D-1045 e IT81D-1064 (portadores de resistência ao inseto com CNCx 252-1E/FB, CNCx 187-22D-1 e BR 1-Poty (capazes de transferir resistência a viroses, tolerância à seca, formação de grãos com padrão comercial, elevado potencial de produção e adaptabilidade a diferentes condições ambientais. Populações segregantes obtidas destes cruzamentos foram conduzidas pelo método SPD (descendência de uma única vagem, e na geração F5 foram realizadas seleções individuais. As linhagens obtidas foram avaliadas em conjunto com materiais de origens diferentes, utilizando-se parâmetros associados à infestação da praga. Foi constatado que os genótipos avaliados apresentaram variabilidade quanto à preferência à postura, número de insetos emergidos e número de sementes danificadas; as linhas EVx 37-15E e EVx 37-2E foram as que sofreram menor dano causado pelo caruncho; as variáveis número de ovos, número de insetos emergidos e número de sementes danificadas mostraram-se positiva e significativamente correlacionadas entre si; o grupo das linhagens que descendem de genitores resistentes apresenta valores significativamente inferiores aos obtidos pelas demais, o que indica que a resistência ao inseto se transmite geneticamente.

Safety evaluation of pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides (pAOS): genotoxicity and sub-chronic studies.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Garthoff, J.A.; Heemskerk, S.; Hempenius, R.A.; Lina, B.A.; Krul, C.A.; Koeman, J.H.; Speijers, G.J.

2010-01-01

Pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides (pAOS) are non-digestible carbohydrates to be used in infant formulae and medical nutrition. To support its safety, the genotoxic potential of pAOS was evaluated. pAOS was not mutagenic in the Ames test. Positive results were obtained in the chromosome

Safety evaluation of pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides (pAOS): Genotoxicity and sub-chronic studies

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Garthoff, J.A.; Heemskerk, S.; Hempenius, R.A.; Lina, B.A.R.; Krul, C.A.M.; Koeman, J.H.; Speijers, G.J.A.

2010-01-01

Pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides (pAOS) are non-digestible carbohydrates to be used in infant formulae and medical nutrition. To support its safety, the genotoxic potential of pAOS was evaluated. pAOS was not mutagenic in the Ames test. Positive results were obtained in the chromosome

Soil water stress affects both cuticular wax content and cuticle-related gene expression in young saplings of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait).

Science.gov (United States)

Le Provost, Grégoire; Domergue, Frédéric; Lalanne, Céline; Ramos Campos, Patricio; Grosbois, Antoine; Bert, Didier; Meredieu, Céline; Danjon, Frédéric; Plomion, Christophe; Gion, Jean-Marc

2013-07-01

The cuticle is a hydrophobic barrier located at the aerial surface of all terrestrial plants. Recent studies performed on model plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, have suggested that the cuticle may be involved in drought stress adaptation, preventing non-stomatal water loss. Although forest trees will face more intense drought stresses (in duration and intensity) with global warming, very few studies on the role of the cuticle in drought stress adaptation in these long-lived organisms have been so far reported. This aspect was investigated in a conifer, maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.), in a factorial design with two genetic units (two half-sib families with different growth rates) and two treatments (irrigated vs non-irrigated), in field conditions. Saplings were grown in an open-sided greenhouse and half were irrigated three times per week for two growing seasons. Needles were sampled three times per year for cuticular wax (composition and content) and transcriptome (of 11 genes involved in cuticle biosynthesis) analysis. Non-irrigated saplings (i) had a higher cuticular wax content than irrigated saplings and (ii) overexpressed most of the genes studied. Both these trends were more marked in the faster growing family. The higher cuticular wax content observed in the non-irrigated treatment associated with strong modifications in products from the decarbonylation pathway suggest that cuticular wax may be involved in drought stress adaptation in maritime pine. This study provides also a set of promising candidate genes for future forward genetic studies in conifers.

O letramento e a organização da informação digital aliados ao aprendizado ao longo da vida

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Sonia Boeres

2018-03-01

Full Text Available O letramento digital é fruto de pensamento crítico e busca potencializar os métodos de estudo pela tecnologia da informação. A questão de pesquisa aqui tratada é compreender como o letramento digital pode contribuir para o aprendizado ao longo da vida. O objetivo é traçar um paralelo entre o letramento e a informação digital e o aprendizado ao longo da vida. Como metodologia fez-se uma revisão de literatura, nacional e internacional, sobre o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, letramento informacional, digital e aprendizado ao longo da vida. Esta pesquisa é de natureza descritiva e base qualitativa. Os principais resultados observados foram que o letramento digital leva a variadas práticas de leitura e escrita por meio das tecnologias da informação. Estas trazem novas possibilidades para educadores e educandos, profissionais e usuários, transcendendo o simples ato de decodificar sinais ou pesquisar na Internet. Ser letrado digitalmente leva à compreensão de que a tecnologia da informação vai além de novas formas de acesso à informação, mas também a novos processos cognitivos e formas de conhecimento. Chegando-se a esse patamar, cabe o árduo e prazeroso trabalho de manter-se atualizado ao longo do tempo, por meio de um esforço pessoal, que envolvem cursos e treinamentos como fonte de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento de trabalho em conjunto com especialistas. Em suma, há que se manter atualizado, acompanhando a evolução tecnológica, e para tanto, ser destemido das tecnologias e do uso das mídias digitais.

OPERA, an automatic PSF reconstruction software for Shack-Hartmann AO systems: application to Altair

Science.gov (United States)

Jolissaint, Laurent; Veran, Jean-Pierre; Marino, Jose

2004-10-01

When doing high angular resolution imaging with adaptive optics (AO), it is of crucial importance to have an accurate knowledge of the point spread function associated with each observation. Applications are numerous: image contrast enhancement by deconvolution, improved photometry and astrometry, as well as real time AO performance evaluation. In this paper, we present our work on automatic PSF reconstruction based on control loop data, acquired simultaneously with the observation. This problem has already been solved for curvature AO systems. To adapt this method to another type of WFS, a specific analytical noise propagation model must be established. For the Shack-Hartmann WFS, we are able to derive a very accurate estimate of the noise on each slope measurement, based on the covariances of the WFS CCD pixel values in the corresponding sub-aperture. These covariances can be either derived off-line from telemetry data, or calculated by the AO computer during the acquisition. We present improved methods to determine 1) r0 from the DM drive commands, which includes an estimation of the outer scale L0 2) the contribution of the high spatial frequency component of the turbulent phase, which is not corrected by the AO system and is scaled by r0. This new method has been implemented in an IDL-based software called OPERA (Performance of Adaptive Optics). We have tested OPERA on Altair, the recently commissioned Gemini-North AO system, and present our preliminary results. We also summarize the AO data required to run OPERA on any other AO system.

Atendimento domiciliar ao idoso: problema ou solução?

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Ciro Augusto Floriani

Full Text Available O atendimento domiciliar ao idoso tem se tornado um importante instrumento de assistência nos últimos anos, tanto nos países desenvolvidos quanto nos países em desenvolvimento. Vários aspectos éticos, sociais e operacionais têm sido negligenciados e a literatura nacional é escassa em relação a esta temática. A partir de revisão bibliográfica em atendimento domiciliar, este artigo enfoca, do ponto de vista bioético, os potenciais problemas advindos com a implantação dessa crescente e importante modalidade de atendimento. Conclui ser necessário um maior direcionamento ético na implantação do atendimento domiciliar, com políticas de proteção ao paciente, à família e ao cuidador, visando a aperfeiçoar a qualidade dos programas oferecidos.

Fatores associados a baixa adesao ao tratamento medicamentoso em idosos

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Noemia Urruth Leao Tavares

2013-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO : Analisar fatores associados à baixa adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso em idosos. MÉTODOS : Estudo transversal de base populacional, com amostra representativa de 1.593 indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais, residentes na região urbana de Bagé, RS, em 2008. A amostragem foi realizada em múltiplos estágios. Os dados foram coletados em entrevistas individuais nos domicílios. Analisou-se a associação entre a baixa adesão referida ao tratamento medicamentoso mensurado pelo Brief Medication Questionnaire (BMQ e fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos, comportamentais e de saúde, assistência e prescrição. Foi utilizado modelo de regressão de Poisson para estimar as razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada, os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% e p-valor (teste de Wald. RESULTADOS : Cerca de 78,0% dos indivíduos referiram ter usado algum medicamento nos sete dias precedentes à entrevista. Desses, cerca de 1 / 3 foram considerados com baixa adesão ao tratamento. Os fatores significativamente associados à baixa adesão foram: idade (65 a 74 anos, não ter plano de saúde, ter que comprar (totalmente ou em parte os seus medicamentos, ter três ou mais morbidades, possuir incapacidade instrumental para a vida diária e usar três ou mais medicamentos. CONCLUSÕES : A utilização elevada de medicamentos, decorrente da alta prevalência de doenças crônico-degenerativas em idosos, e o acesso ao tratamento devem ser considerados pelos profissionais de saúde para adoção de estratégias que visem diminuir a baixa adesão ao tratamento, aumentando a resolutividade terapêutica e a qualidade de vida desses pacientes.

Neural network modelling of rainfall interception in four different forest stands

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İbrahim Yurtseven

2013-11-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study is to reveal whether it is possible to predict rainfall, through fall and stem flow in forest ecosystems with less effort, using several measurements of rainfall interception (hereafter ‘interception’ and an artificial neural network based linear regression model (ANN model. To this end, the Kerpe Research Forest in the province of Kocaeli, which houses stands of mixed deciduous-broadleaf forest (Castanea sativa Mill., Fagusorientalis Lipsky, Quercus spp., black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold, maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton and Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don, was selected study site. Four different forest stands were observed for a period of two years, during which rainfall, throughfall and stemflow measurements were conducted. These measurements were separately calculated for each individual stand, based on interception values and the use of stemflow data in strict accordance with the rainfall data, and the measured throughfall interceptionvalues were compared with values estimated by the ANN model.In this comparison, 70% of the total data was used for testing, and 30% was used for estimation and performance evaluation. No significant differences were found between values predicted with the help of the model and the measured values. In other words, interception values predicted by the ANN models were parallel with the measured values. In this study, the most success was achieved with the models of the Monterey pine stand (r2 = 0.9968; Mean Squared Error MSE = 0.16 and the mixed deciduous forest stand (r2 = 0.9964; MSE = 0.08, followed by models of the maritime pine stand (r2 = 0.9405; MSE = 1.27 and the black pine stand (r2 = 0.843, MSE = 17.36.

Fatores associados à submissão ao teste rápido anti-HIV na assistência ao parto

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Maria Inês Couto de Oliveira

Full Text Available Resumo Os testes rápidos anti-HIV vêm sendo empregados nas maternidades com vistas à prevenção da transmissão vertical. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os fatores associados à submissão ao teste rápido anti-HIV (desfecho. Estudo transversal, conduzido em 2009, em 15 hospitais do SUS do Rio de Janeiro/RJ, mediante entrevista a amostra representativa de 835 parturientes internadas e consulta a prontuários. Razões de prevalência ajustadas foram obtidas por regressão de Poisson, segundo modelo hierarquizado, permanecendo no modelo final as variáveis associadas ao desfecho (p ≤ 0,05. Segundo os prontuários (SP, 79,6% das mães foram submetidas ao teste rápido anti-HIV e, segundo as entrevistas (SE, 55,7%. No nível distal, a ausência de companheiro (SP, ter ≥ 6 moradores na residência (SP e a cor da pele não branca (SE se associaram a uma maior prevalência do desfecho. No nível intermediário, não dispor de sorologia negativa para o HIV do pré-natal (SP e SE se associou a uma maior prevalência do desfecho, bem como a realização de pré-natal na rede básica (SP e a não realização de pré-natal (SE. No nível proximal, o parto em hospital não certificado como amigo da criança se associou a uma maior prevalência do desfecho (SP e SE.

The complexity of national identity Construction in Curaçao, Dutch Caribbean

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Rose Mary Allen

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Curaçao, one of the five islands of the Dutch Caribbean federation called the Netherlands Antilles, currently stands at a crossroad of constitutional reform. In the context of these changes at the political level, it is logical that national identities are being redefined and repositioned. The developments in the fashioning of national identities in Curaçao deserve attention locally but also regionally. How do people in Curaçao construct national identities in daily life? How is a national collective constructed on the one hand, and how are differences with other collectivities constructed on the other hand? The historical context of constitutional changes that have occurred over the years is considered as well as an examination of the present discourse on constitutional reform. These identity issues are then placed within a wider Caribbean context.  Resumen: La complejidad de la construcción de la identidad nacional en Curaçao,en el Caribe holandés Curaçao, una de las cinco islas de la federación caribeña neerlandesa llamada Antillas Holandesas, se encuentra hoy en día en una encrucijada de reformas constitucionales. En el contexto de estos cambios a nivel político, es lógico que las identidades nacionales sean redefinidas y reposicionadas. Los desarrollos en la formulación de identidades nacionales en Curaçao merecen atención local, y también regional. ¿Cómo construye la gente en Curaçao identidades nacionales en la vida cotidiana? ¿Cómo, por un lado, se construye el colectivo nacional y, por otro, cómo se construyen las diferencias con otras colectividades? En este análisis se estudia el contexto histórico de los cambios constitucionales que han ocurrido en el curso del tiempo y se realiza igualmente una revisión del actual discurso sobre la reforma constitucional. Estos problemas de identidad son analizados entonces en un contexto caribeño más amplio.

Requirements Modeling with the Aspect-oriented User Requirements Notation (AoURN): A Case Study

Science.gov (United States)

Mussbacher, Gunter; Amyot, Daniel; Araújo, João; Moreira, Ana

The User Requirements Notation (URN) is a recent ITU-T standard that supports requirements engineering activities. The Aspect-oriented URN (AoURN) adds aspect-oriented concepts to URN, creating a unified framework that allows for scenario-based, goal-oriented, and aspect-oriented modeling. AoURN is applied to the car crash crisis management system (CCCMS), modeling its functional and non-functional requirements (NFRs). AoURN generally models all use cases, NFRs, and stakeholders as individual concerns and provides general guidelines for concern identification. AoURN handles interactions between concerns, capturing their dependencies and conflicts as well as the resolutions. We present a qualitative comparison of aspect-oriented techniques for scenario-based and goal-oriented requirements engineering. An evaluation carried out based on the metrics adapted from literature and a task-based evaluation suggest that AoURN models are more scalable than URN models and exhibit better modularity, reusability, and maintainability.

Optimal control strategy to reduce the temporal wavefront error in AO systems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Doelman, N.J.; Hinnen, K.J.G.; Stoffelen, F.J.G.; Verhaegen, M.H.

2004-01-01

An Adaptive Optics (AO) system for astronomy is analysed from a control point of view. The focus is put on the temporal error. The AO controller is identified as a feedback regulator system, operating in closed-loop with the aim of rejecting wavefront disturbances. Limitations on the performance of

The Ashkenazi Jews of Curaçao, a trading minority

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Eva Abraham-Van der Mark

2000-07-01

Full Text Available First describes the early Sephardi presence in Curaçao, the arrival of the Ashkenazi in the 20th c., and the relations between these 2 groups. Author goes on to discuss the Ashkenazis' economic success and the exodus of the 1980s. She asks whether the success and the exodus can be attributed to the characteristics of the group itself or whether conditions and developments in Curaçao account for economic fortune and the departure of the Ashkenazi.

Quality control of Ling'ao nuclear power station civil construction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu Buliang; Ye Changyuan

2001-01-01

Based on the quality control model adopted during Ling'ao Nuclear Power Station construction, the author briefly introduces quality control process of some main civil construction activities (reinforced concrete, steel liner, steel works and prestressing force) of nuclear power station, and makes some descriptions on non-conformance control of civil works. These quality control processes described come from the concrete practice during civil construction of Ling'ao Nuclear Power Station, and are based on Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station construction experience

The nature of ethnic identity among the people of Curaçao

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dijs, N.M. van der

2011-01-01

This qualitative research explores the nature of ethnic identity among the people of Curaçao. The questions that are of fundamental interest to this study are: how do the people of Curaçao perceive themselves ethnically, how do they experience their sense of belonging to an ethnic group and what

Software interativo: ecocardiografia na avaliaçao da hipertensao arterial

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Fábio Abdalla Segamarchi

Full Text Available A hipertensao arterial é uma doença muito prevalente, evoluindo com lesoes em órgaos-alvo, alta morbidade e mortalidade. A avaliaçao das repercussoes cardíacas pela ecocardiografia tem papel importante na conduçao clínica dos indivíduos hipertensos, e suas imagens podem ser utilizadas como ferramenta para o ensino. OBJETIVOS: Desenvolver e avaliar um software, construído com base em imagens ecocardiográficas, abordando de forma ilustrativa e interativa a estrutura e funçao cardíacas normais,bem como as alteraçoes induzidas pela hipertensao arterial. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas imagens ecocardiográficas de indivíduos normais e com comprometimento cardíaco determinado pela hipertensao (hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, miocardiopatia dilatada e infarto do miocárdio. Com estas imagens foi construído um software no programa multimídia Flash, que foi avaliado por estudantes de Medicina (n=38 e Enfermagem (n=18, também submetidos a pré- e pós-teste. RESULTADOS: Os alunos consideraram o software útil, atraente e adequado as atuais metodologias educacionais proativas,promovendo ganho de conhecimento na compreensao do comprometimento cardíaco na hipertensao arterial. Conclusao: O software foi bem avaliado e considerado útil na aquisiçao de conhecimento numa área específica mais prevalente do comprometimento da saúde do adulto.

East Asian winter temperature variation associated with the combined effects of AO and WP pattern

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Park, Hye-Jin; Ahn, Joong-Bae

2016-04-01

The combined effects of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern on the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) over the last 56 years (1958/59-2013/2014) were investigated using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data (Park and Ahn, 2015). The study results revealed that the effect of the AO on winter temperature in East Asia could be changed depending on the phases of the WP pattern in the North Pacific. The negative relationship between the EAWM and the AO increased when the AO and WP were in-phase with each other. Hence, when winter negative (positive) AO was accompanied by negative (positive) WP, negative (positive) temperature anomalies were dominant across the entire East Asia region. Conversely, when the AO and WP were of-of-phase, the winter temperature anomaly in East Asia did not show distinct changes. Furthermore, from the perspective of stationary planetary waves, the zonal wavenumber-2 patterns of sea level pressure and geopotential height at 500hPa circulation strengthened when the AO and WP were in-phase but were not significant for the out-of-phase condition. It explained the possible mechanism of the combined effects of the AO and WP on the circulation related to EAWM. Reference Park, H.-J., and J.-B. Ahn (2015) Combined effect of the Arctic Oscillation and the Western Pacific pattern on East Asia winter temperature, Clim. Dyn. DOI:10.1007/s00382-015-2763-2. Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under grant KMIPA2015-2081.

Vulnerabilidade de adolescentes ao HIV/AIDS: revisão integrativa

OpenAIRE

Melina Mafra Toledo

2008-01-01

Introdução: A adolescência é um dos períodos mais intensos da vida, pelos desafios, descobertas e oportunidades de exploração nela presentes e, por isso, se constitui um determinante da vulnerabilidade ao HIV/AIDS. Objetivo: identificar as evidências científicas da literatura sobre os elementos da vulnerabilidade de adolescentes ao HIV/AIDS. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática da literatura, na modalidade de denominada revisão integrativa. A busca de dados foi realizada nas seguintes bases e ban...

Inhibitory effect of jasmonic acid and ethylene on epicotyl growth and bud induction in the maritime pine, Pinus pinaster Soland. in ait.

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Maria Teresa; Pedranzani, Hilda; García-Molinero, Patricia; Pando, Valentin; Sierra-de-Grado, Rosario

2009-12-01

Two independent parameters, epicotyl height (cm) and number of induced buds were studied on Pinus pinaster explants to analyse the effects of three phytohormones (6-benzylaminopurine, jasmonic acid, ethylene) which were combined or not in 11 different treatments. Epicotyle length diminished significantly in relation to the control medium (medium without exogen phytohormones) in presence of jasmonic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine or Ethephon (which is converted to ethylene in plants) in any of treatments. Concentrations of 100 microM of jasmonic acid and Ethephon had a greater inhibitory effect than the treatments with 10 microM. In addition to that, jasmonic acid was a stronger inhibitor than Ethephon in any of the tried combinations. There were no significant differences between the control treatment and the treatments with only 10 microM of jasmonic acid or Ethephon. However, 10 microM 6-benzylaminopurine induced bud formation. The different combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine with jasmonic acid and Ethephon showed that concentrations of 10 to 100 microM did not affect the number of induced buds. Jasmonic acid had an inhibitory effect which Ethephon only showed when combined with 100 microM of jasmonic acid and 10 microM of 6-benzylaminopurine. Three response groups were defined by cluster analysis: group 1 produced the greatest mean number of buds (4 to 5) and a mean epicotyl growth of 1 to 1.5 cm; group 2 produced 2 to 4 buds and a mean growth of 0.5 to 1.2 cm; group 3 produced only one bud and a mean epicotyl length of 1.2 to 2 cm.

Imunidade celular em caninos neonatos - do nascimento ao 45° dia de idade

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R.P. Klein

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi acompanhar o desenvolvimento imunológico dos neonatos caninos, a fim de avaliar a imunidade celular pela análise dos leucócitos e linfócitos totais e das subpopulações de linfócitos T (CD4+ e CD8+ pela técnica de citometria de fluxo. Foram utilizados 30 cães neonatos de ambos os sexos, sem raça definida, aos três, 10, 17, 24, 31, 38 e 45 dias de idade. A contagem de leucócitos totais aos 45 dias (11.639±3.574 foi significativamente maior que no terceiro dia de idade (8.740±1.812 (P<0,05; não houve diferença entre a contagem total de linfócitos aos 45 dias em relação ao terceiro dia de idade. Quanto às subpopulações de LT CD4+ e LT CD8+, os percentuais de LT CD4+, aos três dias de idade (24,9±16,8%, foram inferiores quando comparados à média entre o 10°, o 24° e o 31°dia (35,5%, e os de CD8+, ao terceiro dia, menores em relação às médias do 10° e do 31° dia de idade. Pode-se concluir que as subpopulações de LT CD4+ e CD8+ sofrem oscilações durante o desenvolvimento pós-natal, sendo estas crescentes em relação aos níveis obtidos aos três dias de idade. A relação CD4+:CD8+ mostrou superioridade para o primeiro tipo celular, sendo que a maior relação entre CD4+ e CD8+ ocorreu no terceiro dia de idade. Com base nos resultados obtidos neste estudo, notaram-se as diferenças semanais nas populações linfocitárias, o que demonstra a dinâmica dessas células durante o período neonatal.

Seleção de linhagens de melancia resistentes ao Watermelon mosaic virus e ao Papaya ringspot virus Selection of resistant watermelon lines to Watermelon mosaic virus and Papaya ringspot virus

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José Evando Aguiar Beserra Júnior

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Foram avaliadas 20 linhagens de melancia, provenientes do cruzamento da cultivar comercial suscetível Crimson Sweet e da introdução PI 595201 resistente ao Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV e Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W. As linhagens, e os parentais foram inoculados com o WMV ou com o PRSV-W em casa-de-vegetação distintas. Aos 35 e 49 dias após a primeira inoculação (DAI, as plantas foram avaliadas por meio de uma escala de notas, em que 1 (ausência de sintomas a 5 (intenso mosaico e deformações foliares. Pelos resultados infere-se que, aos 35 DAI, as linhagens 1, 2 e 20 apresentaram resistência tanto para o WMV como para o PRSV-W, com médias de 1,95, 1,80 e 2,25 para o WMV, e de 2,50, 2,30 e 2,50 para o PRSV-W, respectivamente. As linhagens 5, 7 e 13 foram resistentes somente ao WMV e as plantas das linhagens 3, 10 e 18 para o PRSV-W. A reação das linhagens permaneceu em geral pouco alterada aos 49 DAI. A existência de linhagens resistentes somente ao WMV e somente ao PRSV-W, ao lado de linhagens resistentes a ambos os vírus, é indicativo de que as resistências ao WMV e ao PRSV-W não são controladas pelos mesmos genes.Twenty advanced watermelon breeding lines, derived from the cross between cv. Crimson Sweet (susceptible and PI 595201 (resistant to WMV and PRSV-W, were screened for resistance to both potyviruses. The twenty lines, among with Crimson Sweet and PI 595201, were inoculated with either WMV or PRSV-W, in two different greenhouse trials. Plants were evaluated for symptoms 35 and 49 days after the first inoculation (DAI, using a scale from 1 (no symptoms to 5 (severe mosaic and foliar distortion. Evaluations at 35 DAI indicated that lines 1, 2 and 20 had good levels of resistance to both WMV and PRSV-W, with ratings of 1,95, 1,80 and 2,25 for WMV, and of 2,50, 2,30 and 2,50 for PRSV-W, respectively. Lines 5, 7 and 13 were resistant to WMV only, whereas lines 3, 10 and 18 were resistant to PRSV-W only. The reaction of

Avaliação da qualidade de vida e vulnerabilidade ao estresse no contexto hospitalar

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Fernanda Ottati

2013-05-01

Full Text Available O conceito de Qualidade de Vida é usado para medir as condições de vida de um ser humano, já a palavra vulnerabilidade refere-se à chance das pessoas estarem expostas ao adoecer. Objetivou-se analisar possíveis relações entre percepção de qualidade de vida e a vulnerabilidade ao estresse no trabalho em enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem que atuam na UTI e no setor de emergência de um hospital público. Utilizou-se o instrumento de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde, WHOQOL-Bref e a Escala de Vulnerabilidade ao Estresse no Trabalho. Encontrou-se, em relação ao setor de trabalho, diferença significativa apenas para Qualidade de vida total. Portanto pode-se afirmar que os profissionais que atuam na UTI possuem maior percepção de qualidade de vida quando comparados aos do SUS. Na correlação entre os dois instrumentos, o domínio meio ambiente do WHOQOL-Bref correlacionou-se negativa e significativamente com todos os fatores da EVENT, indicando que a percepção da pessoa em relação aos diversos aspectos do meio em que vive tem relação com a vulnerabilidade ao estresse.

Facilitadores e barreiras de retorno ao trabalho de trabalhadores acometidos por LER/DORT

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Jorge Henrique Santos Saldanha

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: As Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos/Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (LER/DORT causam afastamento do trabalho de uma grande parcela de trabalhadores. OBJETIVO: Entender e sistematizar de que forma os fatores relacionados ao retorno ao trabalho (RT de trabalhadores acometidos por LER/DORT são descritos na literatura como facilitadores ou barreiras. MÉTODOS: Revisão crítica de literatura do período de janeiro de 2005 a outubro de 2010 disponível nas bases Lilacs, MedLine e SciELO. As informações foram sistematizadas em três categorias de fatores que influenciam o RT e como facilitadores ou barreiras - de ordem pessoal, de ordem organizacional e relacionadas às características dos serviços, sistemas e políticas. RESULTADOS: Dos 633 artigos inicialmente levantados, 21 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Fatores identificados como mais relevantes: de ordem pessoal - dor, fatores psicossociais, afastamento do trabalho; organizacionais - modificações nos postos de trabalho, demanda psicológica do trabalho, apoio organizacional, apoio de colegas e da chefia; relacionados aos serviços, sistemas e políticas - programa de retorno ao trabalho, tempo de afastamento e serviços de apoio. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo evidenciou que o RT é um processo complexo, que demanda políticas intersetoriais, cooperação técnica e pactuação de metas entre os atores envolvidos no processo.

Comportamentos de adesão ao rastreio do cancro do colo do útero

OpenAIRE

Areias, Paula Alexandra Pombo Pereira

2011-01-01

Enquadramento: O cancro do colo do útero é o segundo tipo de cancro mais frequente na mulher, a adesão ao rastreio possibilita a identificação do problema numa fase precoce. Objectivos: O nosso estudo tem como objectivo analisar em que medida as características sóciodemográficas e profissionais, os conhecimentos em relação ao cancro do colo do útero e rastreio, as crenças de saúde afectam a adesão ao rastreio. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo de natureza quantitativa, não experime...

Adesão de pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 ao tratamento medicamentoso

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Lilian Cristiane Gomes-Villas Boas

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Estudo seccional de abordagem quantitativa que objetivou avaliar a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso entre pessoas com diabetes mellitus, e sua relação com variáveis clínicas, de tratamento e controle metabólico. A amostra constituiu-se de 162 pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em seguimento ambulatorial. Para a coleta dos dados, foram utilizadas a Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos e a consulta aos prontuários dos participantes. Obteve-se elevada adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso. Para um p<0,05, obteve-se correlação inversa com a pressão arterial diastólica e correlação direta com a frequência diária de administração de insulina e de antidiabéticos orais. Não houve correlações estatisticamente significantes entre adesão e variáveis de controle metabólico. Os resultados divergem da literatura no que se refere à taxa de adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso em doenças crônicas, bem como na correlação entre adesão e complexidade do regime medicamentoso, o que aponta para a necessidade de mais estudos sobre essa temática.

Modeling Data Containing Outliers using ARIMA Additive Outlier (ARIMA-AO)

Science.gov (United States)

Saleh Ahmar, Ansari; Guritno, Suryo; Abdurakhman; Rahman, Abdul; Awi; Alimuddin; Minggi, Ilham; Arif Tiro, M.; Kasim Aidid, M.; Annas, Suwardi; Utami Sutiksno, Dian; Ahmar, Dewi S.; Ahmar, Kurniawan H.; Abqary Ahmar, A.; Zaki, Ahmad; Abdullah, Dahlan; Rahim, Robbi; Nurdiyanto, Heri; Hidayat, Rahmat; Napitupulu, Darmawan; Simarmata, Janner; Kurniasih, Nuning; Andretti Abdillah, Leon; Pranolo, Andri; Haviluddin; Albra, Wahyudin; Arifin, A. Nurani M.

2018-01-01

The aim this study is discussed on the detection and correction of data containing the additive outlier (AO) on the model ARIMA (p, d, q). The process of detection and correction of data using an iterative procedure popularized by Box, Jenkins, and Reinsel (1994). By using this method we obtained an ARIMA models were fit to the data containing AO, this model is added to the original model of ARIMA coefficients obtained from the iteration process using regression methods. In the simulation data is obtained that the data contained AO initial models are ARIMA (2,0,0) with MSE = 36,780, after the detection and correction of data obtained by the iteration of the model ARIMA (2,0,0) with the coefficients obtained from the regression Zt = 0,106+0,204Z t-1+0,401Z t-2-329X 1(t)+115X 2(t)+35,9X 3(t) and MSE = 19,365. This shows that there is an improvement of forecasting error rate data.

Isolation and characterization of an agaro-oligosaccharide (AO-hydrolyzing bacterium from the gut microflora of Chinese individuals.

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Miaomiao Li

Full Text Available Agarose (AP from red algae has a long history as food ingredients in East Asia. Agaro-oligosaccharides (AO derived from AP have shown potential prebiotic effects. However, the human gut microbes responsible for the degradation of AO and AP have not yet been fully investigated. Here, we reported that AO and AP can be degraded and utilized at various rates by fecal microbiota obtained from different individuals. Bacteroides uniformis L8 isolated from human feces showed a pronounced ability to degrade AO and generate D-galactose as its final end product. PCR-DGGE analysis showed B. uniformis to be common in the fecal samples, but only B. uniformis L8 had the ability to degrade AO. A synergistic strain, here classified as Escherichia coli B2, was also identified because it could utilize the D-galactose as the growth substrate. The cross-feeding interaction between B. uniformis L8 and E. coli B2 led to exhaustion of the AO supply. Bifidobacterium infantis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis can utilize one of the intermediates of AO hydrolysis, agarotriose. Growth curves indicated that AO was the substrate that most favorably sustained the growth of B. uniformis L8. In contrast, κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides (KCO, guluronic acid oligosaccharides (GO, and mannuronic acid oligosaccharides (MO were found to be unusable to B. uniformis L8. Current results indicate that B. uniformis L8 is a special degrader of AO in the gut microbiota. Because B. uniformis can mitigate high-fat-diet-induced metabolic disorders, further study is required to determine the potential applications of AO.

O Primeiro Ano do Grupo de Apoio ao Primeiranista

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Rodolfo Furlan Damiano

Full Text Available Este trabalho é um relato de experiência do primeiro ano de funcionamento do Grupo de Apoio ao Primeiranista (GAP. O GAP é um grupo desenvolvido por alunos de Medicina de uma universidade privada do Estado de São Paulo, apoiado por sua direção, com o intuito de amparar e humanizar a recepção aos ingressantes. O início das atividades do GAP ocorreu em 2013 com base nos conceitos de tutoria/mentoring, aplicado por outras escolas médicas brasileiras. Nas reuniões semanais do GAP, os participantes (alunos do primeiro ano e mentores (acadêmicos veteranos e uma psicóloga institucional discutiam temas como resiliência, compaixão, humildade e respeito. Durante as reuniões, notou-se uma problemática extensa em relação ao trote universitário, referido pelos primeiranistas como o pior problema enfrentado na universidade. Na sequência dos encontros, o grupo direcionou suas ações para reduzir o trote na universidade. O GAP, apesar de estar em seu primeiro ano de funcionamento, mostrou ter eficácia relevante, podendo ser um modelo a ser implementado em outras universidades.

Biophysical modelling of intra-ring variations in tracheid features and wood density of Pinus pinaster trees exposed to seasonal droughts.

Science.gov (United States)

Wilkinson, Sarah; Ogée, Jérôme; Domec, Jean-Christophe; Rayment, Mark; Wingate, Lisa

2015-03-01

Process-based models that link seasonally varying environmental signals to morphological features within tree rings are essential tools to predict tree growth response and commercially important wood quality traits under future climate scenarios. This study evaluated model portrayal of radial growth and wood anatomy observations within a mature maritime pine (Pinus pinaster (L.) Aït.) stand exposed to seasonal droughts. Intra-annual variations in tracheid anatomy and wood density were identified through image analysis and X-ray densitometry on stem cores covering the growth period 1999-2010. A cambial growth model was integrated with modelled plant water status and sugar availability from the soil-plant-atmosphere transfer model MuSICA to generate estimates of cell number, cell volume, cell mass and wood density on a weekly time step. The model successfully predicted inter-annual variations in cell number, ring width and maximum wood density. The model was also able to predict the occurrence of special anatomical features such as intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) in growth rings. Since cell wall thickness remained surprisingly constant within and between growth rings, variations in wood density were primarily the result of variations in lumen diameter, both in the model and anatomical data. In the model, changes in plant water status were identified as the main driver of the IADFs through a direct effect on cell volume. The anatomy data also revealed that a trade-off existed between hydraulic safety and hydraulic efficiency. Although a simplified description of cambial physiology is presented, this integrated modelling approach shows potential value for identifying universal patterns of tree-ring growth and anatomical features over a broad climatic gradient. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Effects of Recent Minimum Temperature and Water Deficit Increases on Pinus pinaster Radial Growth and Wood Density in Southern Portugal

Science.gov (United States)

Kurz-Besson, Cathy B.; Lousada, José L.; Gaspar, Maria J.; Correia, Isabel E.; David, Teresa S.; Soares, Pedro M. M.; Cardoso, Rita M.; Russo, Ana; Varino, Filipa; Mériaux, Catherine; Trigo, Ricardo M.; Gouveia, Célia M.

2016-01-01

Western Iberia has recently shown increasing frequency of drought conditions coupled with heatwave events, leading to exacerbated limiting climatic conditions for plant growth. It is not clear to what extent wood growth and density of agroforestry species have suffered from such changes or recent extreme climate events. To address this question, tree-ring width and density chronologies were built for a Pinus pinaster stand in southern Portugal and correlated with climate variables, including the minimum, mean and maximum temperatures and the number of cold days. Monthly and maximum daily precipitations were also analyzed as well as dry spells. The drought effect was assessed using the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration (SPEI) multi-scalar drought index, between 1 to 24-months. The climate-growth/density relationships were evaluated for the period 1958-2011. We show that both wood radial growth and density highly benefit from the strong decay of cold days and the increase of minimum temperature. Yet the benefits are hindered by long-term water deficit, which results in different levels of impact on wood radial growth and density. Despite of the intensification of long-term water deficit, tree-ring width appears to benefit from the minimum temperature increase, whereas the effects of long-term droughts significantly prevail on tree-ring density. Our results further highlight the dependency of the species on deep water sources after the juvenile stage. The impact of climate changes on long-term droughts and their repercussion on the shallow groundwater table and P. pinaster’s vulnerability are also discussed. This work provides relevant information for forest management in the semi-arid area of the Alentejo region of Portugal. It should ease the elaboration of mitigation strategies to assure P. pinaster’s production capacity and quality in response to more arid conditions in the near future in the region. PMID:27570527

Análise de fatores associados ao significado do trabalho

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio Hideo Kubo

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O trabalho tem sido visto não somente como forma de obter a renda, mas também como atividade que proporciona realização pessoal, status social e possibilidade de estabelecer e manter contatos interpessoais, entre outros. Nesta pesquisa, teve-se como objetivo investigar os fatores que influenciam e conferem sentido ao trabalho, como centralidade do trabalho, normas da sociedade e objetivos e resultados valorizados. Na centralidade do trabalho, procurou-se investigar o grau de importância do trabalho dentro do contexto das diversas áreas da vida das pessoas, como família, lazer, religião e vida comunitária. Em normas da sociedade, foram analisados os pontos mais significativos no tocante ao que a sociedade deveria proporcionar ao indivíduo, assim como o que o indivíduo deveria fazer em prol da sociedade. Nos objetivos e resultados valorizados, foi pesquisado o que as pessoas buscam com o trabalho. A partir da pesquisa na literatura, foi elaborado um modelo inicial que, não se mostrando satisfatório segundo critérios estatísticos, foi substituído por outro que apresentou significância estatística e boa aderência aos dados. O modelo escolhido foi o que melhor goodness-of-fit apresentou, quando se utilizou modelagem de equações estruturais pelo método partial least square. O estudo revelou que o significado do trabalho se reflete, na ordem, na centralidade do trabalho, nos objetivos e resultados valorizados e, por último, nas normas sociais.

Dynamic SPECT of the brain using a lipophilic technetium-99m complex, PnAO

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm, S; Andersen, A R; Vorstrup, S

1985-01-01

m PnAO was injected i.v. as a bolus of 15 to 25 mCi. The distribution was followed over 10-sec intervals using a highly sensitive, rapidly rotating SPECT (Tomomatic 64) and compared to 133Xe flow maps. Upon arrival of the PnAO bolus to the brain, a high uptake was found in brain tissue with high......The lipophilic 99mTc-labeled oxime propylene amine oxime (PnAO) should, according to recent reports behave like 133Xe in the human brain. This study compares SPECT images of the two tracers in six subjects: four stroke cases, one transitory ischemic attack case and one normal subject. Technetium-99......AO has a high yet incomplete brain extraction yielding a flow dominated initial distribution with limitations mentioned....

Obtenção de plantas de feijão-caupi resistentes ao Cowpea severe mosaic virus e ao Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus

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Gislanne Brito Barros

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Dentre os vírus que infectam o feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. destacam-se, respectivamente, pela severidade e ampla ocorrência o Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV e o Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV. Portanto, objetivaram-se, no presente trabalho, obter e avaliar plantas de feijão-caupi com resistência ao CPSMV e ao CABMV, visando ao desenvolvimento de cultivares essencialmente derivadas e novas cultivares. Realizaram-se oito cruzamentos seguidos de retrocruzamentos, utilizando a linhagem TE 97-309G-9 e a cultivar Patativa como genitores resistentes, e as cultivares BR3-Tracuateua, BRS-Urubuquara, BRS-Novaera, BRS-Guariba e Pretinho como genitores suscetíveis. As gerações F2 e F2RC1 foram desafiadas quanto à resistência por meio de inoculação mecânica com isolados do CPSMV e do CABMV. Nas gerações F2RC1, além da resistência foram avaliados os caracteres: número de dias para o início da floração, comprimento das vagens, número de grãos. vagem-1, peso de cem grãos e produção de grãos.planta-1. Todos os indivíduos F2 e F2RC1 foram analisados pelo teste χ² e se ajustaram à frequência esperada de 15 plantas suscetíveis 1 planta resistente a ambos os vírus. As médias das plantas F2RC1 resistentes, de cada retrocruzamento, foram comparadas com a média do seu respectivo genitor recorrente pelo teste 't' e as médias dos retrocruzamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott. Foi detectada variabilidade genética entre os retrocruzamentos para todos os caracteres. Todos os retrocruzamentos foram considerados promissores para produção de cultivares essencialmente derivadas resistentes ao CPSMV e ao CABMV e as plantas selecionadas possuem características que possibilitam a seleção de linhagens com grãos de bom padrão comercial e altamente produtivas.

DO ÊXTASE AO CRIME? UM CONTO POLICIAL BRASILEIRO RECHEADO DE LATIM

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Valéria Marta Ribeiro Soares

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Os contos policiais, de Luiz Lopes Coelho, advogado paulista, são pouco conhecidos. Este trabalho visa analisar o conto Do êxtase ao crime?, tan-to do ponto de vista estético quanto lingüístico. No ângulo literário, serão analisados os elementos que fazem dele uma ficção policial e, no aspecto lin-güístico, serão destacados os termos latinos que causam uma singularidade na obra e ajudam a interpretá-la. Contistas do gênero policial no Brasil são muito raros, devido ao rótulo dado por muitos eruditos de tal gênero ser “uma das mais limitadas entre as formas populares de ficção”. Do êxtase ao crime? pode dar ao leitor uma nova visão desse gênero, pois o autor consegue aliar o engenho e a arte na escolha dos vocábulos, especialmente, os latinos, e na criação do mistério, suspense e situações imprevistas do conto em ques-tão.

Effet du compost à base de Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton sur ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Objectifs: Une étude à base de compost de Calotropis procera a été menée afin de mesurer l'effet sur la production de l'arachide sur de sols pauvres. Méthodologie et résultats: L'essai a été conduit sur le site de Doyaba au niveau des zones marginales du Tchad avec la variété fleur 11 d'arachide (Arachis hypogaea L.) ...

Reptiles and Amphibians of Curaçao

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Rooij, de Nelly

1922-01-01

The Zoological Museum of Amsterdam received some collections of reptiles from Curaçao made by Dr. J. BOEKE in 1905, by Dr. C. J. VAN DER HORST in 1920 and by Mr. G. J. H. MOLENGRAAFF „Engineer” in 1921. I had the opportunity of studying them and will here give an enumeration of all the reptiles

Envolvimento paterno aos três meses de vida do bebê

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Cesar Augusto Piccinini

Full Text Available O presente estudo investigou o envolvimento paterno aos três meses de vida do bebê. Foram entrevistados 38 pais primíparos, com idades entre 20 e 40 anos. Realizou-se uma análise de conteúdo baseada nas dimensões do conceito de envolvimento paterno: interação, acessibilidade e responsabilidade. Os pais revelaram envolverem-se nas atividades de cuidado, embora nem sempre de maneira rotineira. Também relataram preocupações e envolvimento nas decisões relativas aos cuidados, educação e saúde do bebê. Contudo, consideravam que sua participação estava aquém da ideal em função das restrições impostas pelo trabalho. Os resultados apontam para um aumento no envolvimento paterno nos primeiros meses do bebê e para a necessidade de apoio aos pais neste momento de transição familiar.

Preditores das atitudes negativas face ao envelhecimento e face à sexualidade na terceira idade

OpenAIRE

Pereira, Diane; Ponte, Filomena; Costa, Eleonora

2018-01-01

Este estudo analisou as diferenças entre jovens e idosos ao nível das atitudes e dos conhecimentos face ao envelhecimento e face à sexualidade na terceira idade, a relação entre as variáveis em estudo, e os preditores das atitudes negativas face ao envelhecimento e das atitudes negativas face à sexualidade na terceira idade. Cento e cinquenta e três jovens universitários e 42 idosos participaram no estudo. Os resultados indicaram que os jovens apresentam um menor nível de conhecimentos acerca...

Adaptation of fine roots to annual fertilization and irrigation in a 13-year-old Pinus pinaster stand.

Science.gov (United States)

Bakker, M R; Jolicoeur, E; Trichet, P; Augusto, L; Plassard, C; Guinberteau, J; Loustau, D

2009-02-01

Effects of fertilization and irrigation on fine roots and fungal hyphae were studied in 13-year-old maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aït. in Soland), 7 years after the initiation of the treatments. The fertilization trials consisted of a phosphorus treatment, a complete fertilizer treatment (N, P, K, Ca and Mg), and an unfertilized treatment (control). Fertilizers were applied annually and were adjusted according to foliar target values. Two irrigation regimes (no irrigation and irrigation of a set amount each day) were applied from May to October. Root samples to depths of 120 cm were collected in summer of 2005, and the biomass of small roots (diameter 2-20 mm) and fine roots (diameter

Sobre o ódio ao professor Entrevista com Fernando Penna

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Fernando Penna

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Ao tomar a decisão de pautar o tema da violência para compor o dossiê do terceiro número de Movimento – revista eletrônica de educação da Universidade Federal Fluminense –, o Conselho Editorial elencou um grande número de facetas da violência que historicamente se manifestam física e presencialmente no interior e fora do espaço escolar. O fenômeno relativamente recente das redes sociais e o vertiginoso processo de crescimento de trocas de informação, interação e mediação virtual a ele agregado, não apenas ampliou o espectro da violência como contribuiu decisivamente para articular o dentro e o fora da escola. Dentre outros exemplos, talvez o mais comum e antigo é o registro de cenas reais de alunos e alunas brigando nos pátios escolares ou nas redondezas da instituição postadas nas redes sociais, muitas delas viralizadas – para usar o barbarismoda ocasião – por um número sempre crescente de adeptos do bullying escolar. Nos últimos cinco anos, nas redes sociais, o exemplo de articulação da violência dentro-fora da escola que mais chama a atenção é o ódio ao professor, conforme observa o professor Fernando Penna na entrevista que publicamos a seguir. Estudioso da manifestação reivindicatória por uma escola sem ideologia trazida nos últimos anos por setores conservadores e reacionários da sociedade brasileira, Penna busca oferecer na entrevista algumas hipóteses para compreendermos o fenômeno do ódio ao professor, bem como algumas pistas para apreendermos os fundamentos que movem aqueles setores no combate ao que denominam de doutrinação ideológica de esquerda, e, concluindo, observa a urgência da resistência ao assédio moral feito dos conservadores ereacionários, chamando a atenção para a importância da ampliação do conhecimento crítico sobre o tema.

O peso ao nascer influencia o estado nutricional ao final do primeiro ano de vida? Does birth weight affect nutritional status at the end of first year of life?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Eugênia Farias Almeida Motta

2005-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre o baixo peso ao nascer e o estado nutricional ao final do primeiro ano de vida. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo caso-controle aninhado a uma coorte em quatro municípios da Zona da Mata Meridional de Pernambuco. Os recém-nascidos foram recrutados para a coorte nas primeiras 24 horas de vida, sendo o peso aferido ao nascimento e ao final do primeiro ano de vida. Durante o primeiro ano de vida, foram realizadas duas visitas domiciliares semanais para confirmar aleitamento materno predominante e ocorrência de episódios diarréicos. Considerou-se caso (risco nutricional a criança com índice peso/idade abaixo do percentil 10 (n = 117; e controle aquela com percentil igual ou maior que 10 (n = 411. Realizou-se análise de regressão logística hierarquizada para detectar os fatores determinantes do estado nutricional no primeiro ano de vida. RESULTADOS: Os fatores que explicaram o risco nutricional ao final do primeiro ano de vida foram peso ao nascer e ausência de sanitário no domicílio. As crianças que nasceram com peso entre 1.500 g e 2.499 g tiveram uma chance 29 vezes maior (IC 95% = 9,77-87,49 de apresentar risco nutricional aos 12 meses de idade em relação àquelas com peso de nascimento maior que 3.500 g. Nas que residiam em domicílio sem sanitário, a chance foi três vezes maior (IC 95% = 1,54-6,22 em relação àquelas com sanitário com descarga no domicílio. CONCLUSÃO: O baixo peso ao nascer é um dos principais fatores responsáveis pelo risco nutricional ao final do primeiro ano de vida, sendo imprescindível adotar estratégias para sua redução e prevenção.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between low birth weight and nutritional status at the end of the first year of life. METHODS: This was a nested case-control study within a cohort. The study was carried out at maternity hospitals in four cities in the Zona da Mata Meridional in Pernambuco state, Brazil. Newborn infants

Adesão ao Tratamento em Gestação de Alto Risco

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Fabíola Langaro

Full Text Available No Brasil, aproximadamente 15% das gestações são de alto risco, sendo os diagnósticos de diabetes gestacional e hipertensão as causas mais frequentes dessa condição. Para a efetividade dos tratamentos indicados nesses casos, bem como alcance de desfechos favoráveis, é essencial a adesão da paciente às recomendações fornecidas pelas equipes de saúde, o que torna fundamental a avaliação desse indicador. A pesquisa apresentada avaliou a adesão de participantes de um programa de atendimento interdisciplinar a gestantes de alto risco desenvolvido em um hospital geral privado por meio de três instrumentos: Questionário Morisky-Green de adesão ao uso de medicação, Questionário de Adesão ao Tratamento e Pergunta descritiva de avaliação qualitativa. Durante oito meses, 83 gestantes responderam aos questionários, que possibilitaram identificar níveis de adesão ao longo do tempo de participação no programa, situações de não adesão mais frequentes, bem como variáveis que interferem nas medidas de adesão ao uso de medicação e ao tratamento global. Considera-se que os índices levantados são passíveis de uso como indicadores clínicos e gerenciais, possibilitando a comprovação da efetividade e melhoria constante das rotinas de saúde. Tais mecanismos são úteis para definição de protocolos, discussão de casos clínicos e mesmo para feedbackàs próprias pacientes.

A crítica de Hegel ao formalismo moral Kantiano

OpenAIRE

Müller, Rudinei

2011-01-01

A crítica de Hegel ao formalismo da moral kantiana é um tema que pode ser abordado de diferentes modos. Esta tese demonstra que tanto na filosofia de Kant, quanto na de Hegel, os argumentos decisivos em relação ao formalismo (Kant) e a sua necessária superação (Hegel) estão desenvolvidos na filosofia especulativa. A superioridade crítica de Hegel em relação à Kant consiste na sua radicalidade. Demonstra-se como para Hegel o próprio finito, o fenômeno, já é um não não-finito, revelando a sua c...

Instrumentos relacionados ao diabetes mellitus adaptados e validados para a cultura brasileira

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raquel Curcio

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa, cujo objetivo foi buscar evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre os instrumentos e escalas relacionados ao diabetes mellitus adaptados e validados para a cultura brasileira. Após busca nas bases eletrônicas BDENF, SciELO, LILACS, foram incluídos sete instrumentos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão: Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge (DKN-A; Diabetes Mellitus Attitude (ATT-19; Diabetes Quality of Life Measure (DQOL-Brasil; Diabetes Quality of Life for Youths (DQOLY-Brasil; Diabetes 39 (D-39; Insulin Management Diabetes Self-efficacy (IMDSES; Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID e Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire (QAD. Os resultados permitiram traçar uma comparação entre os instrumentos disponíveis, além de conhecer as limitações quanto ao processo de validação e aplicação clínica. Espera-se que esse estudo possa contribuir para uma maior divulgação dos instrumentos relacionados ao diabetes mellitus disponíveis para a cultura brasileira, e oferecer subsídios para a sua utilização em pesquisa ou assistência de enfermagem.

Magnetic MOF for AO7 Removal and Targeted Delivery

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Xue-Qing Zhan

2018-06-01

Full Text Available Owing to their high surface area and porosity, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs have been gradually employed for a myriad of applications ranging from sensing, pollutant adsorption, and drug delivery to environmental remediation and catalysis. Magnetic nanoparticles-metal-organic frameworks (MMOFs hybrid materials can facilitate facile removal of MOFs from solutions. In this report, we report the synthesis of Fe3O4@UiO-66 by encapsulation and simulated the drug loading and release by studying the adsorption and release of AO7. Thus, we loaded these MMOFs with AO7 and found that they were able to trigger and control its release by simply applying an external magnetic field. The magnetic field heats the magnets in the MOF, which causes the load to burst from the framework.

Um modelo de hipertexto para apoio ao ensino mediado pela Web

OpenAIRE

Willie Dresler Leiva

2003-01-01

Atualmente há uma demanda crescente por aplicações hipermídia baseadas na WWW (World Wide Web), conhecidas como WIS (Web Information Systems). Esse novo tipo de aplicação apresenta requisitos adicionais aos sistemas de software clássicos, o que resulta na necessidade de investigar modelos mais adequados para apoiar o seu desenvolvimento. Em especial, os sistemas para apoio ao EaD (Ensino a Distância) baseados na Web apresentam características e requisitos ainda mais específicos. Os modelos at...

Os Fundamentos da Caracterização do Direito ao Bom Ambiente do Trabalho como Direito Fundamental

OpenAIRE

Pes, João Hélio Ferreira

2016-01-01

Este trabalho objetiva verificar quais são os fundamentos da caracterização do direito ao bom ambiente do trabalho como direito fundamental. Inicialmente, conceitua o direito ao bom ambiente do trabalho. Logo a seguir, menciona a diferenciação entre fundamentalidade formal e fundamentalidade material do direito ao bom ambiente do trabalho à luz da teoria pós positivista. Por fim, apresenta alguns fundamentos substanciais da caracterização do direito ao bom ambiente do trabalho como direito fu...

The NAC transcription factor family in maritime pine (Pinus Pinaster): molecular regulation of two genes involved in stress responses.

Science.gov (United States)

Pascual, Ma Belén; Cánovas, Francisco M; Ávila, Concepción

2015-10-24

NAC transcription factors comprise a large plant-specific gene family involved in the regulation of diverse biological processes. Despite the growing number of studies on NAC transcription factors in various species, little information is available about this family in conifers. The goal of this study was to identify the NAC transcription family in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), to characterize ATAF-like genes in response to various stresses and to study their molecular regulation. We have isolated two maritime pine NAC genes and using a transient expression assay in N. benthamiana leaves estudied the promoter jasmonate response. In this study, we identified 37 NAC genes from maritime pine and classified them into six main subfamilies. The largest group includes 12 sequences corresponding to stress-related genes. Two of these NAC genes, PpNAC2 and PpNAC3, were isolated and their expression profiles were examined at various developmental stages and in response to various types of stress. The expression of both genes was strongly induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), mechanical wounding, and high salinity. The promoter regions of these genes were shown to contain cis-elements involved in the stress response and plant hormonal regulation, including E-boxes, which are commonly found in the promoters of genes that respond to jasmonate, and binding sites for bHLH proteins. Using a transient expression assay in N. benthamiana leaves, we found that the promoter of PpNAC3 was rapidly induced upon MeJA treatment, while this response disappeared in plants in which the transcription factor NbbHLH2 was silenced. Our results suggest that PpNAC2 and PpNAC3 encode stress-responsive NAC transcription factors involved in the jasmonate response in pine. Furthermore, these data also suggest that the jasmonate signaling pathway is conserved between angiosperms and gymnosperms. These findings may be useful for engineering stress tolerance in pine via biotechnological approaches.

Implante Coclear: estudos concernentes à biopolítica, ao biopoder e ao biocapital em III volumes

OpenAIRE

Garcia, Eduardo de Campos

2015-01-01

Esta tese, embora aparentemente trate de assuntos concernentes ao Implante Coclear, seu objeto esbarra numa análise do que de modo visuoimperceptual autoriza a operacionalidade das modificações corporais que implicam do imbricamento entre homem e máquina: pela criação de linguagem clínico discursiva, na ordem jurídico-biológica, nas tramas interpessoais e pela própria pessoa que se autodeclara ciborgue de ouvido biônico e que acaba envolvida pela ideia da formação de outras identidades e de u...

Bridging FPGA and GPU technologies for AO real-time control

Science.gov (United States)

Perret, Denis; Lainé, Maxime; Bernard, Julien; Gratadour, Damien; Sevin, Arnaud

2016-07-01

Our team has developed a common environment for high performance simulations and real-time control of AO systems based on the use of Graphics Processors Units in the context of the COMPASS project. Such a solution, based on the ability of the real time core in the simulation to provide adequate computing performance, limits the cost of developing AO RTC systems and makes them more scalable. A code developed and validated in the context of the simulation may be injected directly into the system and tested on sky. Furthermore, the use of relatively low cost components also offers significant advantages for the system hardware platform. However, the use of GPUs in an AO loop comes with drawbacks: the traditional way of offloading computation from CPU to GPUs - involving multiple copies and unacceptable overhead in kernel launching - is not well suited in a real time context. This last application requires the implementation of a solution enabling direct memory access (DMA) to the GPU memory from a third party device, bypassing the operating system. This allows this device to communicate directly with the real-time core of the simulation feeding it with the WFS camera pixel stream. We show that DMA between a custom FPGA-based frame-grabber and a computation unit (GPU, FPGA, or Coprocessor such as Xeon-phi) across PCIe allows us to get latencies compatible with what will be needed on ELTs. As a fine-grained synchronization mechanism is not yet made available by GPU vendors, we propose the use of memory polling to avoid interrupts handling and involvement of a CPU. Network and Vision protocols are handled by the FPGA-based Network Interface Card (NIC). We present the results we obtained on a complete AO loop using camera and deformable mirror simulators.

Attitude toward contraception and abortion among Curaçao women. Ineffective contraception due to limited sexual education?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brink, M.J.; Boersma, A.A.; Meyboom-deJong, B; de Bruijn, J.G.M.

2011-01-01

Background: In Curaçao is a high incidence of unintended pregnancies and induced abortions. Most of the induced abortions in Curaçao are on request of the woman and performed by general practitioners. In Curaçao, induced abortion is strictly prohibited, but since 1999 there has been a policy of

Potassium nutrition of ectomycorrhizal Pinus pinaster: overexpression of the Hebeloma cylindrosporum HcTrk1 transporter affects the translocation of both K(+) and phosphorus in the host plant.

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia, Kevin; Delteil, Amandine; Conéjéro, Geneviève; Becquer, Adeline; Plassard, Claude; Sentenac, Hervé; Zimmermann, Sabine

2014-02-01

Mycorrhizal associations are known to improve the hydro-mineral nutrition of their host plants. However, the importance of mycorrhizal symbiosis for plant potassium nutrition has so far been poorly studied. We therefore investigated the impact of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum on the potassium nutrition of Pinus pinaster and examined the involvement of the fungal potassium transporter HcTrk1. HcTrk1 transcripts and proteins were localized in ectomycorrhizas using in situ hybridization and EGFP translational fusion constructs. Importantly, an overexpression strategy was performed on a H. cylindrosporum endogenous gene in order to dissect the role of this transporter. The potassium nutrition of mycorrhizal pine plants was significantly improved under potassium-limiting conditions. Fungal strains overexpressing HcTrk1 reduced the translocation of potassium and phosphorus from the roots to the shoots of inoculated plants in mycorrhizal experiments. Furthermore, expression of HcTrk1 and the phosphate transporter HcPT1.1 were reciprocally linked to the external inorganic phosphate and potassium availability. The development of these approaches provides a deeper insight into the role of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis on host plant K(+) nutrition and in particular, the K(+) transporter HcTrk1. The work augments our knowledge of the link between potassium and phosphorus nutrition via the mycorrhizal pathway. © 2013 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2013 New Phytologist Trust.

Effects of phosphorus availability and genetic variation of leaf terpene content and emission rate in Pinus pinaster seedlings susceptible and resistant to the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis.

Science.gov (United States)

Blanch, J-S; Sampedro, L; Llusià, J; Moreira, X; Zas, R; Peñuelas, J

2012-03-01

We studied the effects of phosphorus fertilisation on foliar terpene concentrations and foliar volatile terpene emission rates in six half-sib families of Pinus pinaster Ait. seedlings. Half of the seedlings were resistant to attack of the pine weevil Hylobius abietis L., a generalist phloem feeder, and the remaining seedlings were susceptible to this insect. We hypothesised that P stress could modify the terpene concentration in the needles and thus lead to altered terpene emission patterns relevant to plant-insect signalling. The total concentration and emission rate ranged between 5732 and 13,995 μg·g(-1) DW and between 2 and 22 μg·g(-1) DW·h(-1), respectively. Storage and emission were dominated by the isomers α- and β-pinene (77.2% and 84.2% of the total terpene amount amassed and released, respectively). In both resistant and susceptible families, P stress caused an increase of 31% in foliar terpene concentration with an associated 5-fold decrease in terpene emission rates. A higher terpene content in the leaves implies that the 'excess carbon', available under limiting growth conditions (P scarcity), is allocated to terpene production. Sensitive families showed a greater increase in terpene emission rates with increasing P concentrations, which could explain their susceptibility to H. abietis. © 2011 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands.

Neural network modelling of rainfall interception in four different forest stands

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ibrahim Yurtseven

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study is to reveal whether it is possible to predict rainfall, throughfall and stemflow in forest ecosystems with less effort, using several measurements of rainfall interception (hereafter ‘interception’ and an artificial neural network based linear regression model (ANN model. To this end, the Kerpe Research Forest in the province of Kocaeli, which houses stands of mixed deciduous-broadleaf forest (Castanea sativa Mill., Fagus orientalis Lipsky, Quercus spp., black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold, maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton and Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don, was selected study site. Four different forest stands were observed for a period of two years, during which rainfall, throughfall and stemflow measurements were conducted. These measurements were separately calculated for each individual stand, based on interception values and the use of stemflow data in strict accordance with the rainfall data, and the measured throughfall interception values were compared with values estimated by the ANN model. In this comparison, 70% of the total data was used for testing, and 30% was used for estimation and performance evaluation. No significant differences were found between values predicted with the help of the model and the measured values. In other words, interception values predicted by the ANN models were parallel with the measured values. In this study, the most success was achieved with the models of the Monterey pine stand (r2 = 0.9968; Mean Squared Error MSE = 0.16 and the mixed deciduous forest stand (r2 = 0.9964; MSE = 0.08, followed by models of the maritime pine stand (r2 = 0.9405; MSE = 1.27 and the black pine stand (r2 = 0.843, MSE = 17.36.

Um crime delicado: conversando aos infinitos - "Um retrato de cavalo"

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Cid Ottoni Bylaardt

2010-12-01

um cavalo e seu retrato, a partir dos sentimentos contraditórios de seu dono, que considera um crime aquele clique. Temos aí um retrato, imagem subtraída ilicitamente ao seu dono: escrita, representação. Temos também uma narrativa, escrita do retrato, representação da representação. Este artigo pretende mostrar como Guimarães Rosa manipula as ambiguidades da linguagem literária, levando-a além dos limites da representação, explorando seu fascínio, seu saber, que não é da ordem da compreensão. O cavalo e seu retrato fazem refletir sobre a literatura, sobre seu excesso de verdade que compõe sua mentira. Ao escrever o cavalo e seu retrato, o texto não consegue fixar nenhuma verdade, apenas imagens fugidias que compõem recapítulos: há sempre um escrito a se sobrepor a outro, sem determinar onde está o verdadeiro, onde está o que o nega, a remeter o olhar ao reino da fascinação, onde a imagem perde o valor de significação para se tornar pura paixão da indeterminação, da indiferença.

Intelligent vibration control of ELTs and large AO hardware

Science.gov (United States)

Pott, J.-U.; Kürster, M.; Trowitzsch, J.; Borelli, J.; Rohloff, R.-R.; Herbst, T.; Böhm, M.; Keck, A.; Ruppel, T.; Sawodny, O.

2012-07-01

MPIA leads the construction of the LINC-NIRVANA instrument, the MCAO-supported Fizeau imager for the LBT, serves as pathfinder for future ELT-AO imagers in terms of size and technology. In this contribution, we review recent results and significant progress made on the development of key items of our stratgey to achieve a piston stability of up to 100nm during a science exposure. We present an overview of our vibration control strategies for optical path and tip-tilt stabilization, involving accelerometer based real-time vibration measurements, vibration sensitive active control of actuators, and the development of a dynamical model of the LBT. MPIA also co-develops the E-ELT first-light NIR imager MICADO (both SCAO and MCAO assisted). Our experiences, made with LINC-NIRVANA, will be fed into the MICADO structural AO design to reach highest on-sky sensitivity.

Functional analysis of AoAtg11 in selective autophagy in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae.

Science.gov (United States)

Tadokoro, Takayuki; Kikuma, Takashi; Kitamoto, Katsuhiko

2015-07-01

Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular degradation process in eukaryotes and consists of both non-selective and selective types. Selective autophagic processes include pexophagy, mitophagy, and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway of yeast, in which particular vacuolar proteins, such as aminopeptidase I (Ape1), are selectively transported to vacuoles. Although selective autophagy has been mainly studied in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris, there is evidence for selective autophagy in filamentous fungi; however, the details are poorly understood. In S. cerevisiae, Atg11 is a selective autophagy-specific protein that recognizes and transports substrates to the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS). Here, we first identified an ATG11 homologue in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae and analyzed the localization of the corresponding protein, designated AoAtg11, fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Imaging analysis revealed that AoAtg11-EGFP was localized to PAS-like structures. We next constructed an Aoatg11 disruptant of A. oryzae and showed that AoAtg11 is involved in pexophagy and mitophagy. In addition, AoAtg11 was found to be dispensable for non-selective autophagy and for transporting AoApe1 to vacuoles. Taken together, these results suggest that AoAtg11 is a selective autophagy-specific protein in A. oryzae, and has distinct molecular functions from that of S. cerevisiae Atg11. Copyright © 2015 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio e acesso de estudantes surdos ao Ensino Superior Brasileiro

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Diléia Ap. Martins

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Resumo Este trabalho apresenta as primeiras aproximações relativas à pesquisa "Acessibilidade e Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio: desafios para a escolarização de estudantes surdos", inserida no programa Observatório em Educação (Obeduc, Projeto Acessibilidade no Ensino Superior. Investiga dados oficiais publicados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas (Inep, referentes ao aumento progressivo do número de matrículas de estudantes surdos em Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES. Analisa questões relativas à nota obtida por esses estudantes, ao se submeterem ao Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem, e o uso dessa nota para ingressarem em universidades brasileiras. Os dados analisados, no presente artigo, indicam discrepância de desempenho de estudantes sem deficiência, quando comparados aos estudantes surdos.

A Tn5051-like mer-containing transposon identified in a heavy metal tolerant strain Achromobacter sp. AO22

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Bhave Mrinal

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Achromobacter sp. AO22 (formerly Alcaligenes sp. AO22, a bacterial strain isolated from a lead-contaminated industrial site in Australia, was previously found to be resistant to moderate to high levels of mercury, copper and other heavy metals. However, the nature and location of the genetic basis for mercuric ion resistance in this strain, had not been previously identified. Findings Achromobacter sp. AO22 contains a functional mer operon with all four essential genes (merRTPA and shows >99% DNA sequence identity to that of Tn501. The mer operon was present on a transposon, designated TnAO22, captured by introducing a broad-host-range IncP plasmid into Achromobacter sp. AO22 and subsequently transferring it to E. coli recipients. The transposition frequency of TnAO22 was 10-2 to 10-3 per target plasmid transferred. Analysis of TnAO22 sequence revealed it belonged to the Tn21 subgroup of the Tn3 superfamily of transposons, with the transposition module having >99% identity with Tn5051 of a Pseudomonas putida strain isolated from a water sample in New York. Conclusion TnAO22 is thus a new variant of Tn5051 of the Tn3 superfamily and the transposon and its associated mercury resistance system are among the few such systems reported in a soil bacterium. Achromobacter sp. AO22 can thus be exploited for applications such as in situ mercury bioremediation of contaminated sites, or the mobile unit and mer operon could be mobilized to other bacteria for similar purposes.

Development and validation of a scale of attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and alcoholics Construcción y validez de una escala de actitudes frente al alcohol, al alcoholismo y al alcohólico Construção e validação de uma escala de atitudes frente ao álcool, ao alcoolismo e ao alcoolista

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Divane de Vargas

2008-10-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was the construction and validation of a scale that would measure the attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and the alcoholic, called the Scale of Attitudes Towards Alcohol, Alcoholism and the Alcoholic. The face and content validations, as well as the factor analysis of the data obtained in a preliminary test with 144 nursing students resulted in a scale consisting of 96 items, divided into 5 factors: Attitudes towards the alcoholic person: care and interpersonal relations; Etiology; Disease; Repercussions deriving from alcohol use/abuse; Alcoholic beverages. The general scale presented a consistency level of 0.90. The resulting instrument is concluded to be a reliable tool to evaluate attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and alcohol addicts.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo construir y validar un instrumento de medida de Actitudes frente al Alcohol, al Alcoholismo y al Alcohólico: Escala de Actitudes frente al Alcohol, al Alcoholismo y al Alcohólico. La validez aparente y de contenido del instrumento, así como el análisis factorial de los datos de su aplicación preliminar a un total de 144 estudiantes de enfermería, resultaron en una escala compuesta por 96 ítems divididos en cinco factores agrupados bajo el nombre de Actitudes frente al alcohólico: el trabajo y las relaciones interpersonales; la Etiología; la Enfermedad; las Repercusiones provenientes del uso/abuso del alcohol; y, la Bebida alcohólica. La Escala general presentó una consistencia interna de 0,90; se concluyó que el instrumento construido se mostró confiable para la evaluar las actitudes frente al alcohol, al alcoholismo y al alcohólico.Este estudo teve como objetivo construir e validar instrumento de medida de atitudes frente ao álcool, ao alcoolismo e ao alcoolista (escala de atitudes frente ao álcool, ao alcoolismo e ao alcoolista. A validação aparente e de conteúdo do instrumento, bem como a análise fatorial dos dados de sua

Recomendações para acessibilidade aos surdos de auxílio aos designers na criação e na implementação de ambientes web

OpenAIRE

Silva, Rafaella Aline Lopes da

2013-01-01

Resumo: A Internet proporciona inúmeras vantagens em relação à sua utilização como meio de comunicação e socialização, porem o conteúdo web nao e acessível a contento para todos os perfis de usuario [10]. O acesso participativo e universal do cidadao brasileiro ao conhecimento e um dos desafios colocados pela Sociedade Brasileira de Computaçao e este trabalho tende a colaborar neste sentido [29]. A pesquisa realizada com esta dissertacao caracteriza-se como um estudo exploratório, por haver u...

On some Polychaetous Annelids from Curaçao

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Horst, R.

1922-01-01

Though we know already a rather large number of Polychaetous Annelids from the Caribbean Sea, hitherto, as far as I know, no Annelids have been described from the coast of the island Curaçao and I therefore was very glad, that my colleague Dr. VAN DER HORST kindly placed in my hands for

OBSOLESCÊNCIA PROGRAMADA E TEORIA DO DECRESCIMENTO VERSUS DIREITO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO E AO CONSUMO (SUSTENTÁVEIS)

OpenAIRE

Oliveira da Silva, Maria Beatriz Beatriz; UNiversidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)

2012-01-01

Inspirado em um documentário intitulado “Prêt à Jeter”, este texto tem como objetivo central colocar em apreciação algumas reflexões acerca da obsolescência programada como uma das estratégias do modelo de desenvolvimento capitalista e ensaiar uma reposta às seguintes questões: para combater a obsolescência programada se faz necessária a defesa de uma “teoria do decrescimento”? Sendo a obsolescência programada uma das estratégias da sociedade de consumo, é possível combatê-la e, ao mesmo temp...

Microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasonic extraction to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in needles and bark of Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus pinea L. by GC-MS.

Science.gov (United States)

Ratola, Nuno; Lacorte, Sílvia; Barceló, Damià; Alves, Arminda

2009-01-15

Two different extraction strategies (microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic extraction (USE)) were tested in the extraction of the 16 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from pine trees. Extraction of needles and bark from two pine species common in the Iberian Peninsula (Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus pinea L.) was optimized using two amounts of sample (1g and 5 g) and two PAHs spiking levels (20 ng/g and 100 ng/g). In all cases, the clean-up procedure following extraction consisted in solid-phase extraction (SPE) with alumina cartridges. Quantification was done by gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS), using five deuterated PAH surrogate standards as internal standards. Limits of detection were globally below 0.2 ng/g. The method was robust for the matrices studied regardless of the extraction procedures. Recovery values between 70 and 130% were reached in most cases, except for high molecular weight PAHs (indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and benzo[ghi]perylene). A field study with naturally contaminated samples from eight sites (four in Portugal and four in Catalonia, Spain) showed that needles are more suitable biomonitors for PAHs, yielding concentrations from 2 to 17 times higher than those found in bark. The levels varied according to the sampling site, with the sum of the individual PAH concentrations between 213 and 1773 ng/g (dry weight). Phenanthrene was the most abundant PAH, followed by fluoranthene, naphthalene and pyrene.

Nefrocalcinose associada ao uso de esteroide anabolizante

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Weverton Machado Luchi

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Os esteroides anabolizantes têm sido usados como arma terapêutica em diversas condições clínicas. Entretanto, o uso abusivo e indiscriminado, associado a outros suplementos nutricionais, tem gerado efeitos adversos graves. Relato do caso: Sexo masculino, 21 anos, admitido com náuseas, astenia, hiporexia, cefaleia e hipertensão arterial. Exames no sangue evidenciaram Cr: 3,9 mg/dl U:100 mg/dl e Cálcio total 14 mg/dl. Ultrassonografia e biópsia renal compatíveis com nefrocalcinose. Houve melhora gradativa da função renal e da calcemia após hidratação vigorosa e furosemida. Entretanto, após 1 ano, persistiram depósitos renais de cálcio e relação córticomedular reduzida ao ultrassom e creatinina estável em 1,4 mg/dl. Casos anteriores evidenciaram necrose tubular aguda e nefrite intersticial com poucos depósitos de cálcio no interstício renal. Nesse caso, encontramos nefrocalcinose acentuada associada à nefroesclerose. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a ocorrência de injúria renal aguda com nefrocalcinose associada ao uso de esteroide anabolizante e oferecer uma revisão do assunto.

Escala de valores relativos ao trabalho : EVT

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Porto Juliana Barreiros

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Na literatura internacional são encontradas várias escalas para medir valores relativos ao trabalho, porém a maioria apresenta problemas com relação à definição do conceito ou a falta de integração com os modelos teóricos sobre valores pessoais. No Brasil foram encontrados dois instrumentos, um não foi validado para a população brasileira e o outro foi validado para uma população de baixa escolaridade. Foi objetivo do presente estudo desenvolver e validar uma Escala de Valores relativos ao Trabalho. Para o desenvolvimento da EVT foi realizado um levantamento de instrumentos anteriores e foram entrevistados trabalhadores. Após a análise de juízes e validação semântica, o instrumento foi respondido por 394 pessoas. A análise fatorial apontou para quatro fatores: Realização no trabalho, Relações sociais, Prestígio e Estabilidade. O instrumento após validação é composto por 45 itens. Os resultados corroboraram o modelo teórico previsto e conclui-se que a escala foi devidamente estabelecida e pode ser utilizada para pesquisa e diagnóstico.

Doença periodontal materna como fator associado ao baixo peso ao nascer Maternal periodontal disease as a factor associated with low birth weight

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Simone Seixas da Cruz

2005-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estudos recentes têm apresentado evidências de que a doença periodontal em gestantes pode ser um dos determinantes do baixo peso ao nascer. Realizou-se estudo para verificar a existência de associação entre doença periodontal materna e baixo peso ao nascer. MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo caso-controle com 302 mulheres, sendo 102 mães de nascidos vivos de baixo peso (grupo caso e 200 mães de nascidos vivos com peso normal (grupo controle. A existência de associação entre doença periodontal e baixo peso ao nascer foi avaliada mediante modelo multivariado de regressão logística, considerando outros fatores de risco para o baixo peso. RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos de mães eram comparáveis no que se refere a idade, altura, peso pré-gestacional, tabagismo, alcoolismo, doenças prévias, estado civil, situação socioeconômica, número de escovações e uso de fio dental, número de refeições diárias, e visitas ao dentista. A doença periodontal foi diagnosticada em 57,8% das mães do grupo caso e 39,0% do grupo controle. A análise de regressão logística indicou associação positiva entre doença periodontal e baixo peso ao nascer (ORbruto=2,15; IC 95%: 1,32-3,48, especialmente entre as mães com escolaridade menor ou igual a quatro anos (ORajustada=3,98; IC 95%: 1,58-10,10. CONCLUSÕES: A doença periodontal é um possível fator de risco para o baixo peso ao nascer.OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have presented evidence that periodontal disease in pregnant women may be a determining factor for low birth weight. The present investigation was carried out to verify whether or not there is an association between maternal periodontal disease and low birth weight. METHODS: This was a case-control study on 302 women, of whom 102 were the mothers of live newborns of low weight (case group and 200 were the mothers of live newborns of normal birth weight (control group. The existence of an association between periodontal disease and low

Genes regulated by AoXlnR, the xylanolytic and cellulolytic transcriptional regulator, in Aspergillus oryzae.

Science.gov (United States)

Noguchi, Yuji; Sano, Motoaki; Kanamaru, Kyoko; Ko, Taro; Takeuchi, Michio; Kato, Masashi; Kobayashi, Tetsuo

2009-11-01

XlnR is a Zn(II)2Cys6 transcriptional activator of xylanolytic and cellulolytic genes in Aspergillus. Overexpression of the aoxlnR gene in Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae xlnR gene) resulted in elevated xylanolytic and cellulolytic activities in the culture supernatant, in which nearly 40 secreted proteins were detected by two-dimensional electrophoresis. DNA microarray analysis to identify the transcriptional targets of AoXlnR led to the identification of 75 genes that showed more than fivefold increase in their expression in the AoXlnR overproducer than in the disruptant. Of these, 32 genes were predicted to encode a glycoside hydrolase, highlighting the biotechnological importance of AoXlnR in biomass degradation. The 75 genes included the genes previously identified as AoXlnR targets (xynF1, xynF3, xynG2, xylA, celA, celB, celC, and celD). Thirty-six genes were predicted to be extracellular, which was consistent with the number of proteins secreted, and 61 genes possessed putative XlnR-binding sites (5'-GGCTAA-3', 5'-GGCTAG-3', and 5'-GGCTGA-3') in their promoter regions. Functional annotation of the genes revealed that AoXlnR regulated the expression of hydrolytic genes for degradation of beta-1,4-xylan, arabinoxylan, cellulose, and xyloglucan and of catabolic genes for the conversion of D-xylose to xylulose-5-phosphate. In addition, genes encoding glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase and L-arabinitol-4- dehydrogenase involved in D-glucose and L-arabinose catabolism also appeared to be targets of AoXlnR.

Carta ao Leitor

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Editorial Editorial

2014-02-01

Full Text Available ApresentaçãoO Centro de Educação a Distância – CEAD/Unimontes foi inaugurado em 2011 em histórico de ricas experiências vivenciadas pela Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros – Unimontes ao longo de 15 anos.Uma jornada de esforços conjuntos e uma estima apaixonada pela educação e pelo conheci-mento científico carecia, em seu núcleo, de uma plataforma que reunisse todas as perspectivas constitutivas de sua história e finalidade. Um anseio crescente da instituição que se desdobra e desdobrará em produtos e iniciativas de fomento em pesquisa. Em 2012, como fruto gerado di-retamente do âmago dessas necessidades unidas ao cenário nacional de valorização crescente da pesquisa científica, surge a Revista Multitexto.A Revista Multitexto nasce como um periódico em movimento. São contribuições de aborda-gens múltiplas num ensejo genuíno e único de progressão científica em pesquisa. Um marco para os estudos na área de ensino a distância numa oferta interdisciplinar. Unidade na diversidade: a grande proposta da revista. Espaço aberto para pesquisadores e entusiastas. Multipliquem-se os multitextos em contribuições múltiplas.Sobre a Revista MultitextoPublicação semestral do Centro de Educação a Distância da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros – CEAD/Unimontes, que contribui na área de conhecimento produzida pelas fenomenologias e áreas correlatas em Educação a Distância, com foco interdisciplinar. Aberta em 2012, a Revista Multitexto recebe colaborações de pesquisadores em ensino a dis-tância e demais áreas. É meta referencial da revista abordar questões conceituais e metodológicas, bem como, os desenvolvimentos da pesquisa, aplicada ou teórica, na área de educação à distância (EAD; difundir a produção científica de pesquisadores da área de educação à distância (EAD, inseridos em Institutos de pesquisa e de educação superior no Brasil; propiciar um espaço para o

Aerosol Observing System (AOS) Handbook

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jefferson, A

2011-01-17

The Aerosol Observing System (AOS) is a suite of in situ surface measurements of aerosol optical and cloud-forming properties. The instruments measure aerosol properties that influence the earth’s radiative balance. The primary optical measurements are those of the aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients as a function of particle size and radiation wavelength and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements as a function of percent supersaturation. Additional measurements include those of the particle number concentration and scattering hygroscopic growth. Aerosol optical measurements are useful for calculating parameters used in radiative forcing calculations such as the aerosol single-scattering albedo, asymmetry parameter, mass scattering efficiency, and hygroscopic growth. CCN measurements are important in cloud microphysical models to predict droplet formation.

CONTRIBUIÇÃO AO ENTENDIMENTO DA SENSIBILIDADE AMBIENTAL AO DERRAMAMENTO DE ÓLEO NO LITORAL DE MARICÁ NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

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Érika Cardoso da Silva Baptista

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Desastres associados ao transporte marinho e terrestre de hidrocarbonetos causam sérios impactos aos ambientes costeiros, afetando a fauna e a flora marinha, além de prejudicar diversas atividades econômicas, inclusive àquelas tradicionais, como é o caso da pesca artesanal. Assim, faz-se necessário conhecer a geologia e a geomorfologia da costa, em especial as praias devido à elevada dinâmica e vulnerabilidade desses ambientes. A construção de megaempreendimentos na zona costeira e o tráfego de navios petroleiros e pequenas embarcações, ou mesmo a implantação de dutos, localizados junto à linha de costa, representam uma ameaça ao equilíbrio dos ecossistemas. Para tal, foram analisados diversos aspectos da geomorfologia costeira de Maricá, para posterior identificação do grau de sensibilidade deste litoral a eventos de derramamento de óleo, a partir do Índice de Sensibilidade Ambiental (ISA proposto pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente. O litoral de Maricá, ao longo de 34 km de extensão entre Itaipuaçú (no extremo oeste e Ponta Negra (a leste, apresenta quatro áreas distintas quanto à sensibilidade à poluição decorrente de derramamento de óleo, sendo: ISA1, para as áreas de costões rochosos localizados nas extremidades leste e oeste deste litoral; ISA4, para a quase totalidade das praias, formadas por areias quartzosas grossa e média, exceto o extremo-oeste de Itaipuaçú, que possui areia muito grossa e cascalhos sendo, portanto, representada pelo ISA5; e ISA10, para as lagoas costeiras e canais na retaguarda das barreiras arenosas, sujeitas à contaminação por meio dos canais e por transposição por grandes ondas de tempestades. Os índices compreendem os extremos dessa classificação, devido à grande variedade de elementos na paisagem costeira de Maricá e mostra a elevada sensibilidade deste litoral, frente à ameaça de desastres causados por derramamento de óleo.

Morfologia e Crescimento dos 6 aos 10 anos de idade em Viana do Castelo, Portugal

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Luis Paulo Rodrigues

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Ao longo de quatro anos, o Estudo Morfofuncional da Criança Vianense observou 1911 crianças entre os 6e os 10 anos de idade, resultando em 4064 observações individuais(2054 de raparigas, 2006 de rapazes.Os resultados encontrados nos indicadores morfológicos simples(altura, peso, pregas adiposas, diâmetros ósseos e perímetros muscularese no somatótipo, são descritos normativamente (valores percentílicose comparados com outros estudos nacionais e internacionais. As crianças vianenses demonstraram possuir uma estatura média ligeiramente superior às reportadas nos estudos portugueses e um ritmo de crescimento diferente das norte-americanas; peso semelhante ao das congéneres nacionais mas inferior ao das EUA; valores de pregas adiposas geralmente inferiores aos encontrados em Portugal e EUA; perímetros musculares e diâmetros ósseos semelhantes aos seus pares portugueses; e uma tendência para o aumento, com a idade, do ectomorfismo nos rapazes e do endomorfismo em ambos os sexos. Este panorama parece indicar que as crianças vianenses apresentam características de aptidão morfologia que estão longe de espelhar as preocupações internacionais nesta matéria.

The effects of the recent minimum temperature and water deficit increases on Pinus pinaster wood radial growth and density in southern Portugal.

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Cathy Béatrice Kurz Besson

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Western Iberia has recently shown increasing frequency of drought conditions coupled with heatwave events, leading to exacerbated limiting climatic conditions for plant growth. It is not clear to what extent wood growth and density of agroforestry species have suffered from such changes or recent extreme climate events.To address this question, tree-ring width and density chronologies were built for a P. pinaster stand in southern Portugal and correlated with climate variables, including the minimum, mean and maximum temperatures and the number of cold days. Monthly and maximum daily precipitations were also analyzed as well as dry spells. The drought effect was assessed using the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration (SPEI multi-scalar drought index, between 1 to 24-months. The climate-growth/density relationships were evaluated for the period 1958-2011.We show that both wood radial growth and density highly benefit from the strong decay of cold days and the increase of minimum temperature. Yet the benefits are hindered by long-term water deficit, which results in different levels of impact on wood radial growth and density. Despite of the intensification of long-term water deficit, tree-ring width appears to benefit from the minimum temperature increase, whereas the effects of long-term droughts significantly prevail on tree-ring density. Our results further highlight the dependency of the species on deep water sources after the juvenile stage. The impact of climate changes on long-term droughts and their repercussion on the shallow groundwater table and P. pinaster’s vulnerability are also discussed. This work provides relevant information for forest management in the semi-arid area of the Alentejo region of Portugal. It should ease the elaboration of mitigation strategies to assure P. pinaster’s production capacity and quality in response to more arid conditions in the near future in the region.

As interações entre os atores no retorno ao trabalho após afastamento por transtorno mental: uma metaetnografia

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Robson da Fonseca Neves

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Resumo Transtornos mentais repercutem no mundo do trabalho. Estudos sobre interações entre os atores envolvidos no retorno ao trabalho são raros. A metaetnografia presta-se a sintetizar estudos qualitativos através da interpretação e comparação contínua dos conceitos presentes nos artigos. Este estudo propõe uma metaetnografia sobre as interações entre os atores sociais envolvidos no processo de retorno ao trabalho após afastamento por transtornos mentais. Visa: (1 explorar as interações entre os atores sociais envolvidos no retorno ao trabalho; (2 identificar facilitadores ou obstáculos para o retorno ao trabalho. A busca nas bases de dados produziu 619 artigos dos quais 16 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. A análise dos artigos revelou seis conceitos de segunda ordem que resultaram em duas sínteses. A primeira diz respeito ao ethos do desempenho no retorno ao trabalho e a segunda aponta para o retorno ao trabalho como catalizador de novos modos de vida. Modelos que privilegiam o ethos do desempenho do trabalhador, bem como uma perspectiva orientada por aspectos psicossociais podem facilitar as praticas de retorno ao trabalho após afastamento por transtornos mentais.

Control rod drop accident analysis for the mixed core project in Ling Ao NPS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Shishun; Zhou Zhou; Xiao Min

2004-01-01

AFA-2G assemblies in Ling Ao NPS (LNPS) have been replaced gradually by AFA-3G assemblies from cycle 2 and subsequent cycles. the enrichment of the fuels will be increased from 3.2% to 3.7% from cycle 3 in Ling Ao. Therefore, the study of ling Ao mixed core and increased enrichment have been performed since 2001. Lots of accidents need to be re-analyzed in Ling Ao NPS in order to verify its safety requirements for the new fuel management. Control rod drop accident for LNPS was re-analyzed in 2001 in frame of FRAMATOME ANP analytical methodology. The analytical codes used in the accident analysis include SCIENCE, ESPADON, CINEMA, CANTAL and FLICA III. The control rod drop accident analysis is performed with respect to the 10 reference cycles of the generic fuel management design for Ling Ao mixed core and increased enrichment study. The pre-drop FδH for the first transition cycles and other cycles are 1.52 and 1.55, respectively. For detected dropped rod configurations, the negative flux rate protection system actuates a reactor trip. For the non-detected dropped rod configurations, the minimum DNBR values have been evaluated with conservative analysis methodology and assumptions and the DNBR fuel design limit is respected the analytical results shows that, for all the non-detected dropped rod configurations, the minimum DNB margin is about 2% which occurs in AFA-2G fuel assembly in the first transition cycle. (author)

AO Distal Radius Fracture Classification: Global Perspective on Observer Agreement

Science.gov (United States)

Jayakumar, Prakash; Teunis, Teun; Giménez, Beatriz Bravo; Verstreken, Frederik; Di Mascio, Livio; Jupiter, Jesse B.

2016-01-01

Background The primary objective of this study was to test interobserver reliability when classifying fractures by consensus by AO types and groups among a large international group of surgeons. Secondarily, we assessed the difference in inter- and intraobserver agreement of the AO classification in relation to geographical location, level of training, and subspecialty. Methods A randomized set of radiographic and computed tomographic images from a consecutive series of 96 distal radius fractures (DRFs), treated between October 2010 and April 2013, was classified using an electronic web-based portal by an invited group of participants on two occasions. Results Interobserver reliability was substantial when classifying AO type A fractures but fair and moderate for type B and C fractures, respectively. No difference was observed by location, except for an apparent difference between participants from India and Australia classifying type B fractures. No statistically significant associations were observed comparing interobserver agreement by level of training and no differences were shown comparing subspecialties. Intra-rater reproducibility was “substantial” for fracture types and “fair” for fracture groups with no difference accounting for location, training level, or specialty. Conclusion Improved definition of reliability and reproducibility of this classification may be achieved using large international groups of raters, empowering decision making on which system to utilize. Level of Evidence Level III PMID:28119795

Descendant root volume varies as a function of root type: estimation of root biomass lost during uprooting in Pinus pinaster.

Science.gov (United States)

Danjon, Frédéric; Caplan, Joshua S; Fortin, Mathieu; Meredieu, Céline

2013-01-01

Root systems of woody plants generally display a strong relationship between the cross-sectional area or cross-sectional diameter (CSD) of a root and the dry weight of biomass (DWd) or root volume (Vd) that has grown (i.e., is descendent) from a point. Specification of this relationship allows one to quantify root architectural patterns and estimate the amount of material lost when root systems are extracted from the soil. However, specifications of this relationship generally do not account for the fact that root systems are comprised of multiple types of roots. We assessed whether the relationship between CSD and Vd varies as a function of root type. Additionally, we sought to identify a more accurate and time-efficient method for estimating missing root volume than is currently available. We used a database that described the 3D root architecture of Pinus pinaster root systems (5, 12, or 19 years) from a stand in southwest France. We determined the relationship between CSD and Vd for 10,000 root segments from intact root branches. Models were specified that did and did not account for root type. The relationships were then applied to the diameters of 11,000 broken root ends to estimate the volume of missing roots. CSD was nearly linearly related to the square root of Vd, but the slope of the curve varied greatly as a function of root type. Sinkers and deep roots tapered rapidly, as they were limited by available soil depth. Distal shallow roots tapered gradually, as they were less limited spatially. We estimated that younger trees lost an average of 17% of root volume when excavated, while older trees lost 4%. Missing volumes were smallest in the central parts of root systems and largest in distal shallow roots. The slopes of the curves for each root type are synthetic parameters that account for differentiation due to genetics, soil properties, or mechanical stimuli. Accounting for this differentiation is critical to estimating root loss accurately.

Resistência ao fogo de vigas parcialmente embebidas com betão

OpenAIRE

Piloto, P.A.G.; Gavilan, Ana; Mesquita, L.M.R.

2011-01-01

Neste artigo serão apresentados resultados dos ensaios de resistência ao fogo de elementos de viga parcialmente embebidos com betão. Os elementos de viga foram ensaiados à flexão, com aplicação de uma carga constante localizada a meio vão, submetida a uma curva de incêndio nominal ISO 834, [1-2]. Foram determinados os tempos de resistência ao fogo, as temperaturas críticas e os modos de colapso para cada grau de utilização.

Simulaçao de sistemas de aquecimento solar com materiais em mudança de fase (MMF) adaptados de resíduos pesados do refino do petróleo sob condiçoes transitórias de insolaçao e demanda

OpenAIRE

Lobo, Alexandre Ferreira

2004-01-01

Orientador: Marcelo Risso Errera Dissertaçao (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduaçao em Engenharia - PIPE. Defesa: Curitiba, 2004 Inclui bibliografia e anexos Área de concentraçao: Engenharia de processos térmicos e químicos

Desempenho e características da carcaça de cordeiros submetidos aos modelos de produção orgânico e convencional

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N.M.B.L Zeola

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se o desempenho de 48 cordeiros Ile de France submetidos aos modelos de produção orgânico e convencional desde o nascimento até o abate, aos 32kg de peso corporal. Foi observado que peso ao nascer, peso ao desmame, peso corporal, peso corporal ao abate, idade do nascimento ao desmame, ingestão de matéria seca e ganhos de peso corporal do nascimento ao desmame e do desmame ao abate não foram influenciados (P>0,05 pelos modelos de produção estudados. Idade do desmame ao abate e idade do nascimento ao abate foram influenciados (P0,05 pelos modelos de produção estudados. Cordeiros submetidos ao modelo de produção convencional atingiram peso de abate em menor tempo, fato que, dos pontos de vista zootécnico e econômico, é mais propício e vantajoso ao produtor.

AS LIMITAÇÕES AO PODER DE TRIBUTAR ESTABELECIDAS NA CONSTITUIÇÃO FEDERAL, DE 1988

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André Portella

2016-11-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo tem como objetivo expor de forma sistemática o universo das limitações ao exercício da competência tributária atualmente vigente no Sistema Constitucional Tributário Brasileiro. Partirá da análise conceitual da expressão Limitações ao Poder de Tributar, suas implicações e contradições; estabelecerá a divisão de tal universo em dois grandes grupos, o dos princípios Constitucionais Tributários e o das Imunidades Tributárias. Ao longo de todo o estudo serão realizadas considerações críticas, com digressões ao entendimento da jurisprudência, e o estado de produção doutrinária em que se encontra a temática.

Índice de retorno ao reteste em um programa de triagem auditiva neonatal

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Jaqueline Medeiros de Mello

2013-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: investigar o nível de consciência dos pais em relação à importância da triagem auditiva neonatal, bem como verificar os motivos do não comparecimento ao retorno agendado após a primeira avaliação. MÉTODO: a casuística foi constituída por 31 mães e/ou responsáveis dos recém-nascidos da unidade neonatal do Hospital Universitário de Maringá, os quais não compareceram ao reteste agendado após a alta hospitalar. RESULTADOS: os motivos apresentados pelas mães e/ou responsáveis para o não comparecimento ao retorno agendado envolveram atitudes que puderam sinalizar pouca importância atribuída às questões relacionadas à audição e a Triagem Auditiva Neonatal, pois sugiram motivos irrelevantes como o esquecimento do retorno, mãe pensou que o bebê não deixaria ser submetido ao exame e a perda de horário para nova avaliação. Tal fato, provavelmente reflete a falta de conscientização por parte das mães dos recém-nascidos quanto à importância da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal. CONCLUSÃO: existe a necessidade de aumentar a conscientização geral em relação à Triagem Auditiva Neonatal, por parte dos familiares e dos profissionais que atuam diretamente com os recém-nascidos, os quais contribuirão para a agilidade do processo diagnóstico, garantindo melhores perspectiva ao futuro de crianças portadoras de deficiência auditiva.

Intra- and interobserver reliability of glenoid fracture classifications by Ideberg, Euler and AO.

Science.gov (United States)

Gilbert, F; Eden, L; Meffert, R; Konietschke, F; Lotz, J; Bauer, L; Staab, W

2018-03-27

Representing 3%-5% of shoulder girdle injuries scapula fractures are rare. Furthermore, approximately 1% of scapula fractures are intraarticularfractures of the glenoid fossa. Because of uncertain fracture morphology and limited experience, the treatment of glenoid fossa fractures is difficult. The glenoid fracture classification by Ideberg (1984) and Euler (1996) is still commonly used in literature. In 2013 a new glenoid fracture classification was introduced by the AO. The purpose of this study was to examine the new AO classification in clinical practice in comparison with the classifications by Ideberg and Euler. In total CT images of 84 patients with glenoid fossa fractures from 2005 to 2018 were included. Parasagittal, paracoronary and axial reconstructions were examined according to the classifications of Ideberg, Euler and the AO by 3 investigators (orthopedic surgeon, radiologist, student of medicine) at three individual time settings. Inter- and intraobserver reliability of the three classification systems were ascertained by computing Inter- and Intraclass (ICCs) correlation coefficients using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, 95%-confidence intervals as well as F-tests for correlation coefficients. Inter- and intraobserver reliability for the AO classification showed a perspicuous coherence (R = 0.74 and R = 0.79). Low to moderate intraobserver reliability for Ideberg (R = 0.46) and Euler classification (R = 0.41) was found. Furthermore, data show a low Interobserver reliability for both Ideberg and Euler classification (R reliability using AO is significantly higher than those using Ideberg and Euler (p reliable grading of glenoid fossa fractures with high inter- and intraobserver reliability in 84 patients using CT images. It should possibly be applied in order to enable a valid, reliable and consistent academic description of glenoid fossa fractures. The established classifications by Euler and Ideberg are not capable of

Currículo universitário: do México ao Brasil neoliberais

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Dostoiewski Mariatt de Oliveira Champangnatte

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir e comparar percepções e ações curriculares de professores universitários mexicanos e brasileiros. Contextualizando as realidades socioeconômicas dos dois países e, principalmente, as políticas governamentais voltadas ao ensino superior, observa-se, nas várias falas dos professores, uma abordagem simplista de currículo, significando-o apenas como preocupações de conteúdos administrados em disciplinas e planos de ensino. Aspectos da realidade social, política e econômica são desatrelados do pensamento e prática curriculares, onde o maior objetivo se tornou a adequação ao mercado de trabalho. Nota-se, direta e indiretamente, influências do pensamento e práticas neoliberais no posicionamento desses professores tanto quanto ao currículo como com a própria funcionalidade do ensino superior, refletindo e reproduzindo, em seus discursos e práticas, as políticas governamentais neoliberais vigentes.

Chemical composition and antimicrobial potency of essential oils from roots of Pinus growing in Algeria

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Nadia FEKIH

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study is to determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial potency of essential oils of three roots of genus Pinus (P. halepensis, P. pinea and P. pinaster growing in Algeria for the first time. The essential oils used in the present study were isolated by hydrodistillation using a Cleavenger-type apparatus according the European Pharmacopoeia, and identified by GC and GC-MS. 14, 12, 11 constituents were identified, representing an average of 98.8 %, 91.3 % and 83.6 % of the total oil of roots of P. halepensis, P. pinea and P. pinaster respectively. The chemical profile reveals the dominance of monoterpenes compounds, although some quantitative variance was noticed. The main constituents of the oil root of P. halepensis were α-Pinene (87.4 % and trans-p-Caryophyllene (3.5 %. The oil of P. pinea was dominated by Limonene (66.3 %, Trans-p-Caryophyllene (9.6 %, Myrcene (3.2 % and Osmorhizol (3.2 %. The oil of P. pinaster was rich by α-Pinene (22 %, β-Pinene (27.1 % and Trans-p-Caryophyllene (21.4 %. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oils from roots of P. halepensis, P. pinea and P. pinaster were tested against a panel of bacteria and one yeast strain using the agar well diffusion technique and dilution methods. The diameters of zones of inhibition exhibited by the essential oils were between 7 and 25 mm. The minimal inhibitory concentration was 28.4 μg/mL of P. halepensis and P. pinaster against S. aureus and C. albicans respectively.

O papel da controladoria no suporte ao processo de geração de informações voltadas ao controle e gestão operacional em empresa prestadora de serviços de hemodinâmica

OpenAIRE

Dias, Bibiani Borges

2002-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção. O objetivo do presente estudo consiste em verificar como a controladoria pode dar suporte ao processo de geração de informações voltadas ao controle operacional em uma empresa da área de saúde. A metodologia utilizada quanto ao problema foi a qualitativa, utilizando o estudo de caso para analisar o sistema de informação, as políticas para elaboração do p...

Green FLASH: energy efficient real-time control for AO

Science.gov (United States)

Gratadour, D.; Dipper, N.; Biasi, R.; Deneux, H.; Bernard, J.; Brule, J.; Dembet, R.; Doucet, N.; Ferreira, F.; Gendron, E.; Laine, M.; Perret, D.; Rousset, G.; Sevin, A.; Bitenc, U.; Geng, D.; Younger, E.; Andrighettoni, M.; Angerer, G.; Patauner, C.; Pescoller, D.; Porta, F.; Dufourcq, G.; Flaischer, A.; Leclere, J.-B.; Nai, A.; Palazzari, P.; Pretet, D.; Rouaud, C.

2016-07-01

The main goal of Green Flash is to design and build a prototype for a Real-Time Controller (RTC) targeting the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) Adaptive Optics (AO) instrumentation. The E-ELT is a 39m diameter telescope to see first light in the early 2020s. To build this critical component of the telescope operations, the astronomical community is facing technical challenges, emerging from the combination of high data transfer bandwidth, low latency and high throughput requirements, similar to the identified critical barriers on the road to Exascale. With Green Flash, we will propose technical solutions, assess these enabling technologies through prototyping and assemble a full scale demonstrator to be validated with a simulator and tested on sky. With this R&D program we aim at feeding the E-ELT AO systems preliminary design studies, led by the selected first-light instruments consortia, with technological validations supporting the designs of their RTC modules. Our strategy is based on a strong interaction between academic and industrial partners. Components specifications and system requirements are derived from the AO application. Industrial partners lead the development of enabling technologies aiming at innovative tailored solutions with potential wide application range. The academic partners provide the missing links in the ecosystem, targeting their application with mainstream solutions. This increases both the value and market opportunities of the developed products. A prototype harboring all the features is used to assess the performance. It also provides the proof of concept for a resilient modular solution to equip a large scale European scientific facility, while containing the development cost by providing opportunities for return on investment.

A possible cause of the AO polarity reversal from winter to summer in 2010 and its relation to hemispheric extreme hot summer

Science.gov (United States)

Tachibana, Yoshihiro; Otomi, Yuriko; Nakamura, Tetsu

2013-04-01

In 2010, the Northern Hemisphere, in particular Russia and Japan, experienced an abnormally hot summer characterized by record-breaking warm temperatures and associated with a strongly positive Arctic Oscillation (AO), that is, low pressure in the Arctic and high pressure in the midlatitudes. In contrast, the AO index the previous winter and spring (2009/2010) was record-breaking negative. The AO polarity reversal that began in summer 2010 can explain the abnormally hot summer. The winter sea surface temperatures (SST) in the North Atlantic Ocean showed a tripolar anomaly pattern—warm SST anomalies over the tropics and high latitudes and cold SST anomalies over the midlatitudes—under the influence of the negative AO. The warm SST anomalies continued into summer 2010 because of the large oceanic heat capacity. A model simulation strongly suggested that the AO-related summertime North Atlantic oceanic warm temperature anomalies remotely caused blocking highs to form over Europe, which amplified the positive summertime AO. Thus, a possible cause of the AO polarity reversal might be the "memory" of the negative winter AO in the North Atlantic Ocean, suggesting an interseasonal linkage of the AO in which the oceanic memory of a wintertime negative AO induces a positive AO in the following summer. Understanding of this interseasonal linkage may aid in the long-term prediction of such abnormal summer events.

A possible cause of the AO polarity reversal from winter to summer in 2010 and its relation to hemispheric extreme summer weather

Science.gov (United States)

Otomi, Yuriko; Tachibana, Yoshihiro; Nakamura, Tetsu

2013-04-01

In 2010, the Northern Hemisphere, in particular Russia and Japan, experienced an abnormally hot summer characterized by record-breaking warm temperatures and associated with a strongly positive Arctic Oscillation (AO), that is, low pressure in the Arctic and high pressure in the midlatitudes. In contrast, the AO index the previous winter and spring (2009/2010) was record-breaking negative. The AO polarity reversal that began in summer 2010 can explain the abnormally hot summer. The winter sea surface temperatures (SST) in the North Atlantic Ocean showed a tripolar anomaly pattern—warm SST anomalies over the tropics and high latitudes and cold SST anomalies over the midlatitudes—under the influence of the negative AO. The warm SST anomalies continued into summer 2010 because of the large oceanic heat capacity. A model simulation strongly suggested that the AO-related summertime North Atlantic oceanic warm temperature anomalies remotely caused blocking highs to form over Europe, which amplified the positive summertime AO. Thus, a possible cause of the AO polarity reversal might be the "memory" of the negative winter AO in the North Atlantic Ocean, suggesting an interseasonal linkage of the AO in which the oceanic memory of a wintertime negative AO induces a positive AO in the following summer. Understanding of this interseasonal linkage may aid in the long-term prediction of such abnormal summer events.

Kalk- und Kieselschwämme von Curaçao

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Arndt, Walther

1927-01-01

Die Poriferen-Ausbeute der Curaçao-Expedition Herrn Dr. C. J. VAN DER HORSTS verdient nach zweifacher Richtung besonderes Interesse. Einmal gewährt sie in die Schwammfauna des südlichen Teiles des Karaibischen Meeres Einblick, von der bisher erst sehr wenig bekannt ist. Seit der „Argo”- Expedition

Actividad Ribonucleasa en el Látex de Calotropis procera (Aiton W.T. Aiton y Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L. Poit / Ribonuclease Activity in Latex from Calotropis procera (Aiton W.T. Aiton and Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L. Poit

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Emma Rueda de Arvelo

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Las enzimas ribonucleasas (RNasas han sido utilizadascon efectividad en el tratamiento de ciertos tipos de cáncer ypueden tener otras propiedades aplicables en biotecnología. Con el objetivo de identificar la presencia de actividad RNasa en el látex de las plantas tropicales Calotropis procera y Pedilanthus tithymaloides se colectaron muestras a partir de plantas adultas ubicadas al norte del estado Aragua, Venezuela. Las proteínas solubles fueron extraídas con acetato de sodio 50 mM pH 5 (16 μL/μgde látex y eliminada la porción poliisoprenoide por centrifugación a 16.000 x g durante 15 min. La actividad RNasa se estimó utilizando una técnica que incluye la aplicación de alícuotas de la mezcla de reacción sobre geles de poliacrilamida-urea y separadaspor electroforesis. La degradación del sustrato fue cuantificada pordensitometría. Se probaron diversos sustratos (ARNttotal, ARNtphe yARNm transcrito in vitro a partir de ADN plasmídico. El látexde ambas especies presentó actividad RNasa, con actividadesespecíficas iniciales de 1,42 ± 0,74 μg de ARN hidrolizado/min/ μg de proteína; 0,45 ± 0,18 ng de ARN hidrolizado/min/ng de proteína y 0,28 ± 0,07 ng de ARN hidrolizado/min/ng de proteínapara el ARNttotal, ARNm transcrito y ARNtphe, respectivamente, en C. procera, y de 0,02 ± 0,001 ng de ARN hidrolizado/min/ng de proteína para el ARNm transcrito y ARNtphe en P. tithymaloides. Este constituye el primer reporte acerca de la presencia de enzimas RNasas en el látex de estas especies. / Ribonuclease enzymes (RNase have been used effectively in the treatment of certain cancers and other properties that may be applicable in biotechnology. In order to identify the RNase activity in the latex of Calotropis procera and Pedilanthus tithymaloides, tropical plants samples were collected from adult plants located in the North State of Aragua, Venezuela. Soluble proteins were extracted with 50 mM sodium acetate pH 5 (16 μL/μg latex and poliisoprenoide portion was removed by centrifugation at 16,000 x g for 15 min. RNase activity was estimated using atechnique that involves the application of reaction mixture aliquots on polyacrylamide-urea gels and separated by electrophoresis. Substrate degradation was quantified by densitometry. Various substrates were tested (tRNAtotal, tRNAphe and mRNA transcribed in vitro from plasmid DNA. The latex from both species showed RNase activity, with initial specific activities of 1.42 ± 0.74 μg of RNA hydrolyzed/min/mg protein, 0.45 ± 0.18 ng RNA hydrolyzed/ min/ng protein and 0.28 ± 0.07 ng RNA hydrolyzed/min/ng proteinfor the tRNAtotal, mRNA transcribed and tRNAphe, respectively, for C. procera; and 0.02 ± 0.001 ng RNA hydrolyzed/min/ng protein for the mRNA transcribed and tRNAphe in P. tithymaloides. This is the first report of RNases enzymes in the latex from these species

First report of Aculops lycopersici (Tryon, 1917 (Acari: Eriophyidae on Pepino in Turkey

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Rana Akyazi

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Tryon, 1917 (Acari: Eriophyidae is reported for the first time on Pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton in Ordu and Samsun provinces in Turkey.

O DUALISMO DO SER ÓRFICO NA EPÍSTOLA DE PAULO AOS ROMANOS

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Roger Ribeiro da Silva

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho consiste na comparação de fragmentos de textos encontrados na obra de Platão e na Epístola aos Romanos atribuída à Paulo. Retirados de inúmeros textos atribuídos a Platão, estes fragmentos tiveram confirmados indícios da teologia órfica pelo professor Alberto Bernabé Pajares. E ao aplicar a Metodologia de Analise do Discurso Teológico, desenvolvido especificamente para este trabalho, e comparado os resultados individuais, encontramos pontos de encontro entre as duas teologias, a Órfica e a Paulina, acentuando o que tange a crença no Dualismo do Ser. A problemática levantada neste trabalho se refere a como a representação1 da alma unida ao corpo, encontrada em escritos paulinistas, apresenta indícios de contatos com fundamentos órficos no berço do cristianismo.

Attitude toward contraception and abortion among Curaçao women. Ineffective contraception due to limited sexual education?

OpenAIRE

van den Brink, Maaike J; Boersma, Adriana A; Meyboom-de Jong, Betty; de Bruijn, Jeanne GM

2011-01-01

Abstract Background In Curaçao is a high incidence of unintended pregnancies and induced abortions. Most of the induced abortions in Curaçao are on request of the woman and performed by general practitioners. In Curaçao, induced abortion is strictly prohibited, but since 1999 there has been a policy of connivance. We present data on the relevance of economic and socio-cultural factors for the high abortion-rates and the ineffective use of contraception. Methods Structured interviews to invest...

Personalidade, resiliência e atitudes face ao envelhecimento em idosos do meio urbano e meio rural

OpenAIRE

Pinto, Ana Sofia Rodrigues

2015-01-01

Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicologia Clínica Dinâmica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2015 A presente investigação refere-se ao estudo da personalidade, resiliência e atitudes face ao envelhecimento, numa amostra de indivíduos idosos. Os objetivos são: (1) analisar a influência do meio ecológico na resiliência e nas atitudes face ao envelhecimento; (2) analisar a relação da personalidade com a resiliência e ...

Study on synthesis, kit formulation and chemical kinetics of dissociation of 99mTc labeled PnAO biotin complex

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Afshan, A.; Jafri, S.R.A.; Maecke, H.

2004-01-01

Full text: A bifunctional ligand of PnAO-biotin has recently been synthesized, with a better percentage yield of 63% in the presence of newly developed coupling agent 0-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexaflorophos phate (HATU). Then lyophilized kit with 150μg of PnAObiotin has been developed and labeled with high specific activity of technetium-99m (2500-3000MBq) to get maximum radiochemical purity of 99mTc-PnAO-biotin complex i.e. > 97%. The association of avidin and streptavidin is among the strongest known non-covalent protein ligand interaction Ka 1015 M-1 and 1013 M-1 respectively. We measured the dissociation rate constant of PnAO-biotin from avidin and streptavidin challenged with excess of cold biotin. For the separation of bound and free-labeled biotin we employed ultrafilteration technique. The results of these experiments demonstrated that the non-covalent binding between 99mTc-PnAO-biotin with avidin and 99mTc-PnAO-biotin with streptavidin is more than 99%. Both biotin-binding proteins exhibited a faster initial phase and the rate of dissociation of 99mTc-PnAO-biotin with avidin is found to be 8.2x10-8 at 250C and 2.6x10-7 at 370C while the rate of dissociation 99mTc-PnAO-biotin from streptavidin is found to be 6x10-7 at 250C and 1.06x10-6 at 370C. The in-vitro study of the kinetics of dissociation exhibits the strong interaction of 99mTc-PnAO-biotin complex with both proteins, which suggests that this bifunctional PnAO-biotin ligand can be used for tumor localization with monoclonal antibodies to achieve high tumor to non-tumor ratio. (author)

Produção do Superprecoce a Partir de Bezerros Desmamados aos 72 ou 210 Dias de Idade

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Restle João

2002-01-01

Full Text Available O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho em confinamento, dos 210 aos 408 dias de idade, de bezerros previamente desmamados aos 72 (T72 ou 210 (T210 dias. Foram utilizados 36 machos não castrados da raça Braford (5/8 Hereford 3/8 Nelore. O peso médio no início do experimento foi de 209 kg (T72 e 192 kg (T210. O confinamento compreendeu 30 dias de adaptação dos animais e 168 dias de avaliação, sendo dividido em quatro períodos de 42 dias. A relação volumoso:concentrado foi de 60:40 para o 1º e 2º períodos, 50:50 para o 3º período e 45:55 para o 4º período. Não houve interação entre idade de desmame e período de avaliação em confinamento para os parâmetros relativos aos consumos médios por animal de matéria seca (CMS e de energia digestível (CED, expressos em kg/dia e Mcal/dia (CMSD e CEDD, por 100 kg de peso vivo (CMSP e CEDP e por unidade de tamanho metabólico (CMSM e CEDM, ao ganho de peso médio diário (GMD, à conversão alimentar (CA e eficiência energética (EE. Animais desmamados aos 210 dias apresentaram maiores CMSP (2,25 contra 2,07% PV e CEDP (7,05 contra 6,48% PV em relação aos animais desmamados ao 72 dias de idade. Não houve diferença no CMSD (6,75 contra 6,98 kg/dia, no GMD (1,066 contra 1,074 kg/dia, na eficiência de conversão da matéria seca (6,42 contra 6,72 kg de MS/kg ganho de PV e da energia digestível consumida (20,18 contra 21,13 Mcal/kg ganho de PV em ganho de peso vivo para os animais desmamados aos 72 ou 210 dias de idade, respectivamente. Os pesos de abate e de carcaça quente foram similares entre as duas idades, sendo, respectivamente, de 424 e 232 kg para os animais do T72 e de 406 e 221 kg para dos T210. Os resultados mostram que animais desmamados aos 72 dias de idade apresentaram desempenho durante a terminação, pesos de abate e de carcaça similares aos desmamados aos 210 dias.

Photoluminescent properties of Pr3+ doped YTiAO6 (A= Nb&Ta) euxenite compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Venugopal, Meenu; Kumar, H. Padma

2018-04-01

Pr3+ doped YTiAO6 (A = Nb and Ta) compounds were prepared by conventional solid state ceramic route. X - ray diffraction studies of the samples confirmed the euxenite orthorhombic phase formation. Effect of Pr3+ doping on the optical and luminescence properties of YTiAO6 (A = Nb and Ta) were studied. The strong absorption in the UV region are due to the absorption by the host YTiAO6 (A = Nb and Ta) and all other peaks can be attributed to that of Pr3+. Host emission peaks are observed around 485 nm and 460 nm in all samples. The red emission observed at 614 nm in the doped samples corresponds to the 1D2 to 3H4 transition of Pr3+ ion. CIE colour coordinates and chromaticity values were also discussed.

Hepatotoxicidade associada ao uso de esteroides anabolizantes

OpenAIRE

Mónica Brinquinho; Ana Andresa Sousa; Janine Resende; João Valente

2017-01-01

O consumo de esteroides androgénicos anabolizantes tem vindo a aumentar no meio desportivo amador, sendo de fácil acesso apesar de se tratarem de substâncias proibidas. Estão descritos múltiplos efeitos laterais, sendo a hepatotoxicidade uma das mais reportadas. Apresentam-se dois casos clínicos representativos da lesão hepática associada ao consumo de esteroides anabolizantes. Ambos evidenciaram morbilidade significativa, embora nenhum deles tenha evoluído para falência hepática. Os autores ...

Clinical use of AO three-dimensionally preformed titanium mesh plates for orbital fractures

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Ming Chen

2015-01-01

Full Text Available AIM:To evaluate the accuracy and practicability of three-dimensionally preformed Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osteosynthese AO titanium mesh plates for orbital fractures.METHODS:Forty-seven patients with isolated blow-out orbital fractures were included in this study. Fracture locations were as follows: floor/medial wall(n=26, 55%, medial wall(n=12, 26%, and floor(n=9, 19%. The floor fractures were exposed by a standard transconjunctival approach, whereas a combined transcaruncular transconjunctival approach was used in patients with medial wall fractures with temporary dissection of inferior oblique muscle. A three-dimensionally preformed AO titanium mesh plate was selected according to the size of the defect previously measured on the preoperative computed tomographic scan examination and fixed at the inferior orbital rim with 2 screws. The accuracy of plate positioning of the reconstructed orbit was assessed on the postoperative computed tomography(CTscan. The practicability of clinical use of AO three-dimensionally preformed titanium mesh plates was assessed on the preoperative and postoperative clinical data.RESULTS: Postoperative orbital CT scan showed an anatomic three-dimensional placement of the orbital mesh plates in all of the patients. All patients had a successful treatment outcome without clinical complications. 40 patients(87%had a successful enophthalmos correction. 25 patients(86%had a successful recovery from diplopia.CONCLUSION: Three-dimensionally preformed AO titanium mesh plates for orbital fracture reconstruction results in an accurate anatomic restoration of the bony orbital contour with a high rate of success to correctenophthalmos and diplopia.

Reproducibility of the Lauge-Hansen, Danis-Weber, and AO classifications for ankle fractures

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Lucas Lopes da Fonseca

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Objective: This study evaluated the reproducibility of the three main classifications of ankle fractures most commonly used in emergency clinical practice: Lauge-Hansen, Danis-Weber, and AO-OTA. The secondary objective was to assess whether the level of professional experience influenced the interobserver agreement for the classification of this pathology. Methods: The study included 83 digitized preoperative radiographic images of ankle fractures, in anteroposterior and lateral views, of different adults that had occurred between January and December 2013. For sample calculation, the estimated accuracy was approximately 15%, with a sampling error of 5% and a sampling power of 80%. The images were analyzed and classified by six different observers: two foot and ankle surgeons, two general orthopedic surgeons, and two-second-year residents in orthopedics and traumatology. The Kappa statistical method of multiple variances was used to assess the variations. Results: The Danis-Weber classification indicated that 40% of the agreements among all observers were good or excellent, whereas only 20% of good and excellent agreements were obtained using the AO and Lauge Hansen classifications. The Kappa index was 0.49 for the Danis-Weber classification, 0.32 for Lauge Hansen, and 0.38 for AO. Conclusion: The Hansen-Lauge classification presented the poorest interobserver agreement among the three systems. The AO classification demonstrated a moderate agreement and the Danis-Weber classification presented an excellent interobserver agreement index, regardless of professional experience.

Mujer de 39 a??os con cefalea intensa

OpenAIRE

Santiago-D??az, Carlos; Zamora-Pasadas, M??nica; S??nchez-Bern??, Isabel; Jim??nez-Alonso, Juan

2012-01-01

Paciente de 39 a??os que acude a urgencias por presentar un cuadro de cefalea intensa, holocraneal, con foto y sonofobia intensas, acompa??ada de febr??cula. En la exploraci??n f??sica ??nicamente destacaban leves roncus en base de hemit??rax izquierdo. Las pruebas complementarias iniciales fueron normales. Tras un estudio exhaustivo y fundamentalmente una insistencia en la anamnesis por ??rganos y aparatos, finalmente se lleg?? al diagn??stico.

Da esclerodermia ao síndrome de poems

OpenAIRE

Ana Sofia Montez; Elsa Rocha

2015-01-01

Homem, 84 anos, com antecedentes de hipotiroidismo e alterações cutâneas recentes compatíveis com esclerodermia, confirmadas em biópsia cutânea, mas com estudo auto-imune negativo. Foi internado por queixas constitucionais. Ao exame objetivo, apresentava-se emagrecido, com lesões de vitiligo nas mãos além das de esclerodermia (figura 1) e distensão abdominal com ascite

Osteosíntesis mini-invasiva con placas bloqueadas en fracturas metafisarias distales de tibia. Resultados clínico-funcionales. [Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in distal metaphyseal fractures of tibia. Comparison of results between fractures AO 43A and AO 43C.

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Juan Manuel Yañez Arauz

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Introducción Las fracturas distales de tibia son un desafío para el tratamiento debido a la escasa cobertura y particular vascularización. Los objetivos del presente estudio son analizar los resultados clínicos y funcionales de los pacientes con fractura de tibia distal; tratados con técnica MIPO (minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis con placas bloqueadas; comparar los resultados del grupo de fracturas tipo AO 43A con las tipo AO 43C1-C2; y comparar los resultados MIPO con el tratamiento abierto convencional.   Material y métodos Entre 2004 y 2012, se evaluaron 32 fracturas de tibia distal tratadas con técnica MIPO. 20 varones y 12 mujeres. Edad promedio: 40,1 años. El 59,4% presentó fracturas tipo AO 43A; y el 40,6% AO 43C. Tiempo trauma/cirugía: 6,8 días promedio. 24 casos presentaron fractura de peroné. Estadía hospitalaria: 1,5 días promedio. Seguimiento promedio: 39,6 meses, mediante score AOFAS y radiología. Se consignaron complicaciones. Se compararon resultados de grupos  tipo AO A y los tipo AO C.   Resultados Incremento del score AOFAS entre pre y post-operatorio: 73,3 puntos promedio. El grupo AO tipo A: media de 95,89 puntos AOFAS PO. El grupo AO tipo C1-2: media de 92,15 puntos PO. Carga del peso corporal: a las 8,7 semanas promedio. Comparando A= 43A y AO 43C: p: 0,46 (no significativa. Retorno a actividad previa a la lesión:9.3 meses promedio. Comparando tipo A y tipo C: p=0,16 (no significativa. Hubo 18,75% de complicaciones y retiro de osteosíntesis en 14 casos.  Conclusiones  La osteosíntesis mínimamente invasiva con placa y tornillos, es una buena opción para las fracturas de tibia distal; con buena evolución clínico-funcional, y escasas complicaciones comparadas a la cirugía abierta. Las fracturas 43A presentan menos complicaciones mayores que las 43C, tratadas con técnica MIPO.

The reliability of AO classification for distal radius fracture, using CT findings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakanishi, Yasuaki; Ono, Hiroshi; Furuta, Kazuhiko; Fujitani, Ryoutarou; Ota, Hiroyoshi

2006-01-01

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of the AO (Association for the Study of Internal Fixation) classification of distal radius fracture, using plain radiographs and 2 cross-sectional computed tomographic (CT) surface images. Five observers independently classified 32 distal radius fractures into 9 groups under AO classification. We established 4 methods for observation. First, using only two-directional radiographs; second, four-directional radiographs; third, CT (axial view) with four-directional radiographs; and fourth, CT (axial and sagittal views) with four-directional radiographs. Kappa statistics were used to establish the relative level of agreement between the observers. Interobserver reliability was poor in both first and second methods in which only plain radiographs were used (κ=0.30 and 0.23, respectively). Furthermore, reliability did not increase in the third method with the addition of 1 CT surface image (κ=0.29). In the fourth method, with the addition of 2 cross-sectional CT surface images, the reliability increased to a moderate level (κ=0.44). Interobserver reliability of the AO system of the classification of distal radius fractures was observed on using 2 cross-sectional CT surface images with four-directional radiographs. (author)

Polycladida from Curaçao and faunistically related regions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bois-Reymond Marcus, du Eveline; Marcus, Ernst

1968-01-01

Professor Dr. DIVA DINIZ CORRÊA, Head of the Department of Zoology of the University of São Paulo, was able to work at the “Caraïbisch Marien-Biologisch Instituut” (Caribbean Marine Biological Institute: Carmabi) at Curaçao from December 1965 to March 1966, thanks to a grant received from the

O SENTIMENTO DO PACIENTE FRENTE AO CANCELAMENTO DA CIRURGIA

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Fernanda Aparecida Silva

2017-02-01

Full Text Available O paciente, frente ao cancelamento da cirurgia, pode apresentar sentimentos: tristeza, agressividade, revolta, e perder a confiança da equipe cirúrgica. Objetivo: Identificar o sentimento do paciente internado frente ao cancelamento de sua cirurgia. Método: Pesquisa descritiva e quali-quantitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu após aprovação do Comitê de Ética sob o n0 45/11, com 20 pacientes internados em um hospital do vale do Paraíba paulista. Resultados: Predominou:80% do sexo masculino, 30% de 51 a 60 anos. Principal causa cancelamento: 35% material, 10% vaga na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI, e 55% médicos, exames, vaga no centro cirúrgico ou infecção. Os sentimentos foram agrupados em quatro categorias: tristeza; estresse; conformismo e sentimentos variados.Conclusão: O perfil predominante dos pacientes foi de homens, entre 51 a 60 anos. A principal causa do cancelamento foi a falta de material; o sentimento de maior destaque foi a tristeza.

Ressalto no canto posteromedial do joelho relacionado ao músculo sartório

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Marcello Henrique Nogueira-Barbosa

2011-06-01

Full Text Available As causas da síndrome de ressalto no joelho relatadas com maior frequência são relacionadas a anormalidades meniscais, ao tendão do músculo bíceps femoral e aos tendões grácil e semitendíneo. Neste trabalho é descrito um caso de ressalto no canto posteromedial relacionado à junção miotendínea do músculo sartório em um paciente do sexo masculino, de 58 anos de idade, com hiperextensão do joelho.

The host plant Pinus pinaster exerts specific effects on phosphate efflux and polyphosphate metabolism of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum: a radiotracer, cytological staining and 31 P NMR spectroscopy study.

Science.gov (United States)

Torres-Aquino, Margarita; Becquer, Adeline; Le Guernevé, Christine; Louche, Julien; Amenc, Laurie K; Staunton, Siobhan; Quiquampoix, Hervé; Plassard, Claude

2017-02-01

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) association can improve plant phosphorus (P) nutrition. Polyphosphates (polyP) synthesized in distant fungal cells after P uptake may contribute to P supply from the fungus to the host plant if they are hydrolyzed to phosphate in ECM roots then transferred to the host plant when required. In this study, we addressed this hypothesis for the ECM fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum grown in vitro and incubated without plant or with host (Pinus pinaster) and non-host (Zea mays) plants, using an experimental system simulating the symbiotic interface. We used 32 P labelling to quantify P accumulation and P efflux and in vivo and in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and cytological staining to follow the fate of fungal polyP. Phosphate supply triggered a massive P accumulation as newly synthesized long-chain polyP in H. cylindrosporum if previously grown under P-deficient conditions. P efflux from H. cylindrosporum towards the roots was stimulated by both host and non-host plants. However, the host plant enhanced 32 P release compared with the non-host plant and specifically increased the proportion of short-chain polyP in the interacting mycelia. These results support the existence of specific host plant effects on fungal P metabolism able to provide P in the apoplast of ectomycorrhizal roots. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Resistência ao cisalhamento e grau de intemperismo de cinco solos na região de Lavras (MG

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W. W. Rocha

2002-06-01

Full Text Available Atualmente os parâmetros da resistência ao cisalhamento dos solos podem ser uma ferramenta muito útil na estabilização de taludes e recuperação de voçorocas, bem como na adoção de práticas mecânicas de conservação para os solos agrícolas. Com o objetivo de avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento de cinco solos da região de Lavras (MG e sua relação com o grau de intemperismo, realizou-se um experimento, utilizando uma prensa de cisalhamento direto, a qual permite ensaiar amostras indeformadas de solos. Essas amostras foram coletadas na profundidade de 0-0,03 m e submetidas ao ensaio de cisalhamento, para a definição das envoltórias de resistência e obtenção da coesão aparente (C e o ângulo de atrito interno (φ. Observou-se que C, de forma geral, foi maior para solos que apresentaram maior densidade, umidade a -0,01 MPa e maior teor de areia. Os valores de (φ foram maiores nos solos com maiores teores de argila. O Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico (LVAd e o Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico típico (PVAd, com densidades do solo, teores de areia e umidade a -0,01MPa maiores, apresentaram maiores resistências ao cisalhamento em relação ao Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (LVd, Cambissolo Háplico Tb distrófico (CXbd e Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (LVdf, que apresentaram maiores teores de argila e matéria orgânica. Para a classe dos Latossolos, a resistência ao cisalhamento foi maior onde os índices Ki e Kr foram mais elevados, graças à estrutura em blocos apresentada pelo LVAd, que condicionou maior resistência ao cisalhamento. Do ponto de vista da resistência ao cisalhamento, os solos LVAd e PVAd mostraram-se mais resistentes a voçorocamento e ao preparo do solo.

Alergia ao leite de vaca: mecanismo, diagnóstico e perspecivas biotecnológicas

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Rodrigo de Lima ROCHA

2018-04-01

Full Text Available A frequência dos portadores de alergia ao leite de vaca tem-se tornado alarmante. Relatórios epidemiológicos recentes demonstraram que um dos motivos mais preocupantes para ocorrência desse tipo de alergia é a presença da beta-lactoglobulina no leite. Os agravos a saúde incluem hipersensibilização do sistema imunológico, problemas gastrointestinais, cutâneos, respiratórios, e quando mais graves, surgem os eventos anafiláticos. No presente trabalho estudamos a alergenicidade ao leite de vaca frente aos mecanismos envolvidos na sensibilização dos sistema imunológico, diagnósticos e perspectivas biotecnológicas, através da análise de 52 artigos associados a essa problematização. Os resultados da análise baseados na alergenicidade ao leite de vaca revelaram a existência de uma diversidade de sintomas inespecíficos que corroboram no retardamento do diagnóstico. Além disso, foi possível perceber que a maioria dos protocolos de diagnósticos baseam-se estritamente na restrição do leite e seus derivados. Apesar das dificuldades enfrentadas no diagnóstico correto e tratamento eficaz, muitos estudos seguem em desenvolvimento utilizando tecnologias visando a correção da hipersensibilização do sistema imunológico provocada pelos alergénos do leite, edição/interferência da transcrição gênica e, consequentemente, alterando a tradução. Nesse sentido, tais processos poderão contribuir para redução e/ou eliminação da alergenicidade ao leite de vaca no cotidiano dos portadores dessa condição.

Fatores associados ao excesso de peso entre mulheres

OpenAIRE

Lopes,Aline Cristine Souza; Reyes,Alessandra Nunes Lima; Menezes,Mariana Carvalho de; Santos,Luana Caroline dos; César,Cibele Comini

2012-01-01

Objetivou-se caracterizar as usuárias e identificar os fatores associados ao excesso de peso em serviço público de Promoção à Saúde (SPS). Estudo transversal com todas as mulheres de SPS, denominado Academia da Cidade. Utilizaram-se variáveis antropométricas, consumo e hábitos alimentares, e relato de morbidades. Realizou-se análise descritiva e regressão linear múltipla (p

Da esclerodermia ao síndrome de poems

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Ana Sofia Montez

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Homem, 84 anos, com antecedentes de hipotiroidismo e alterações cutâneas recentes compatíveis com esclerodermia, confirmadas em biópsia cutânea, mas com estudo auto-imune negativo. Foi internado por queixas constitucionais. Ao exame objetivo, apresentava-se emagrecido, com lesões de vitiligo nas mãos além das de esclerodermia (figura 1 e distensão abdominal com ascite

The design of KRT digital system in Ling'ao Ⅱ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun Yuanjun; Zhang Renyan; Zhao Weijun

2013-01-01

In the design of KRT system in Ling Ao Ⅱ, it requires the hardware composition shall be similar to that of Ling Ao Ⅰ. At the same time, the KRT system should be digitized and centralized. In order to realize the goal, the KRT system will be divided into the lower and upper parts. The local sensor at the lower part will transform the analog signal to digital signal in the local display unit; then the digital signals are sent to the upper part (cabinet) by RS-485; the cabinet collects the signals, saves and displays them in the server or operation workstation. or sends them to the DCS. On the other hand, the digital signals will be treated into analog or on/off signals in cabinet and transmitted to other systems. (authors)

Effects of adrenergic agents on the expression of zebrafish (Danio rerio) vitellogenin Ao1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yin Naida; Jin Xia; He Jiangyan; Yin Zhan

2009-01-01

Teleost vitellogenins (VTGs) are large multidomain apolipoproteins, traditionally considered to be estrogen-responsive precursors of the major egg yolk proteins, expressed and synthesized mainly in hepatic tissue. The inducibility of VTGs has made them one of the most frequently used in vivo and in vitro biomarkers of exposure to estrogen-active substances. A significant level of zebrafish vtgAo1, a major estrogen responsive form, has been unexpectedly found in heart tissue in our present studies. Our studies on zebrafish cardiomyopathy, caused by adrenergic agonist treatment, suggest a similar protective function of the cardiac expressed vtgAo1. We hypothesize that its function is to unload surplus intracellular lipids in cardiomyocytes for 'reverse triglyceride transportation' similar to that found in lipid transport proteins in mammals. Our results also demonstrated that zebrafish vtgAo1 mRNA expression in heart can be suppressed by both α-adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine (PE) and β-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol (ISO). Furthermore, the strong stimulation of zebrafish vtgAo1 expression in plasma induced by the β-adrenergic antagonist, MOXIsylyl, was detected by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Such stimulation cannot be suppressed by taMOXIfen, an antagonist to estrogen receptors. Thus, our present data indicate that the production of teleost VTG in vivo can be regulated not only by estrogenic agents, but by adrenergic signals as well.

DIREITO AO LAZER E LEGISLAÇÃO VIGENTE NO BRASIL

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Marcela Andresa Semeghini Pereira

2009-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desta pesquisa é  discutir o direito ao lazer que, apesar de não ser juridicamente sistematizado na legislação, podemos encontrá-lo de forma pulverizada na Constituição Federal e na CLT (Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho. O estudo de tal tema tem sido essencialmente voltado à vertente social e psicológica da sua prática a discussão jurídica é praticamente inexistente. Com esta pesquisa pretende-se apresentar aspectos da legislação do trabalho, conceitos e teorias sobre o lazer e sua história que sedesenvolveu junto à do Direito do Trabalho.  A metodologia utilizada foi basicamente a doutrina que trata do  Direito do Trabalho e consequentemente do Direito ao Lazertambém as leis, tendo em vista que este direito se encontra  disperso em todo ordenamento jurídico.

FPGA cluster for high-performance AO real-time control system

Science.gov (United States)

Geng, Deli; Goodsell, Stephen J.; Basden, Alastair G.; Dipper, Nigel A.; Myers, Richard M.; Saunter, Chris D.

2006-06-01

Whilst the high throughput and low latency requirements for the next generation AO real-time control systems have posed a significant challenge to von Neumann architecture processor systems, the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) has emerged as a long term solution with high performance on throughput and excellent predictability on latency. Moreover, FPGA devices have highly capable programmable interfacing, which lead to more highly integrated system. Nevertheless, a single FPGA is still not enough: multiple FPGA devices need to be clustered to perform the required subaperture processing and the reconstruction computation. In an AO real-time control system, the memory bandwidth is often the bottleneck of the system, simply because a vast amount of supporting data, e.g. pixel calibration maps and the reconstruction matrix, need to be accessed within a short period. The cluster, as a general computing architecture, has excellent scalability in processing throughput, memory bandwidth, memory capacity, and communication bandwidth. Problems, such as task distribution, node communication, system verification, are discussed.

Manejo de capim pé-de-galinha em lavouras de soja transgênica resistente ao glifosato

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André da Rosa Ulguim

2013-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de capim pé-de-galinha (Eleusine indica ao glifosato, em lavouras de soja transgênica; avaliar o efeito de aplicações de glifosato em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento; identificar práticas agronômicas associadas à seleção de biótipos resistentes; e avaliar a eficiência dos herbicidas cletodim, fluazifope-P-butílico, clomazona, glufosinato de amônio e glifosato nas plantas resistentes. Plantas escapes ao tratamento com glifosato foram coletadas em 24 propriedades, no Rio Grande do Sul. As plantas foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação, tendo-se avaliado a sua resistência ao glifosato. Os acessos resistentes foram selecionados e avaliados quanto ao efeito da aplicação do glifosato em diferentes estádios de crescimento e quanto à sensibilidade aos herbicidas. Foi aplicado um questionário aos produtores para identificação das práticas agronômicas associadas às falhas no controle. O controle de E. indica pelo glifosato é mais efetivo com a aplicação em estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento. Práticas agronômicas, como uso contínuo de baixas doses do herbicida, aplicação em estádios de desenvolvimento avançados das plantas daninhas (mais de um afilho e a ausência de rotação de culturas foram relacionadas às falhas de controle observadas. Os herbicidas cletodim, fluazifope-P-butílico e glufosinato de amônio são alternativas eficientes para o controle de E. indica.

Comparative analysis of the main bioactive components of San-ao decoction and its series of formulations.

Science.gov (United States)

Shu, Xiaoyun; Tang, Yuping; Jiang, Chenxue; Shang, Erxing; Fan, Xinshen; Ding, Anwei

2012-11-01

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with diode array detection (DAD) was established for simultaneous determination of seven main bioactive components in San-ao decoction and its series of formulae (San-ao decoction, Wu-ao decoction, Qi-ao decoction and Jia-wei San-ao decoction). Seven compounds were analyzed simultaneously with a XTerra C(18) column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 µm) using a linear gradient elution of a mobile phase containing acetonitrile (A) and a buffer solution (0.02 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and adjusted to pH 3 using phosphoric acid) (B); the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The sample was detected with DAD at 210, 254 and 360 nm and the column was maintained at 30 °C. All the compounds showed good linearity (r2 > 0.9984) in the tested concentration range. The precisions were evaluated by intra-day and inter-day tests, and relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) values within the range of 0.83%–2.53% and 0.64%–2.77% were reported, respectively. The recoveries of the quantified compounds were observed to cover a range from 95.34% and 104.82% with R.S.D. values less than 2.72%. The validated method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of seven main bioactive components including ephedrine (1), amygdalin (2), liquiritin (3), benzoic acid (4), isoliquiritin (5), formononetin (6) and glycyrrhizic acid (7) in San-ao decoction and its series of formulae. The results also showed a wide variation in the content of the identified active compounds in these samples, which could also be helpful to illustrate the drug interactions after some herbs combined in different formulations.

Herbicidas alternativos para o controle de Conyza sumatrensis (Retz. E. H. Walker resistentes aos inibidores da ALS e EPSPs

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Fernando Machado dos Santos

2015-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMO A buva (Conyza sumatrensis, uma das principais plantas daninhas já identificadas no sul do Brasil, vem apresentando controle insatisfatório, em resposta à aplicação dos herbicidas chlorimuron-ethyl e glyphosate. Por esta razão, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar herbicidas alternativos, visando ao controle de biótipos de C. sumatrensis, com resistência de nível baixo ao herbicida chlorimuron-ethyl e resistentes ao herbicida glyphosate. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, entre abril e agosto de 2012, no município de Passo Fundo, RS. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, sendo avaliados 15 tratamentos com herbicidas, além de uma testemunha sem aplicação. As variáveis consideradas foram controle percentual, aos 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT e a matéria seca da parte aérea, aos 28 DAT. Como resultados, observou-se que os biótipos foram 100% controlados, aos 28 DAT, pelos tratamentos alternativos de paraquat + diuron; ammonium glufosinate; glyphosate + 2,4-D; glyphosate + ammonium glufosinate; 2,4-D; tembotrione e tembotrione + atrazine. O biótipo 17 evidenciou menor sensibilidade aos herbicidas inibidores da ALS e os biótipos 05, 17 e 20 não foram controlados pelo herbicida glyphosate.

Perícia contábil: uma ferramenta de combate ao crime organizado

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IDALBERTO JOSÉ DAS NEVES JÚNIOR

2011-11-01

Full Text Available No Brasil e no mundo, devido principalmente à ausência do Estado no cumprimento do seu papel de garantidor da lei e da ordem, as organizações criminosas cresceram significativamente, e as suas ações passaram a ocorrer de formas planejadas e estratégicas. Para combatê-las e reprimi-las, a Perícia Contábil, materializada nos laudos periciais elaborados pelos peritos criminalistas, surge como importante ferramenta de Inteligência. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a relevância da Perícia Contábil como meio de prova para a solução de controvérsias relativas ao crime organizado. Para tanto, houve a realização de pesquisa de campo por meio de questionário aplicado aos Delegados, Escrivães e Agentes de Polícia das divisões da Diretoria de Combate ao Crime organizado – DCOR do Departamento de Polícia Federal. Também, houve a utilização de técnicas de estatística multivariada de análise de cluster para o estudo dos registros (K-Means clusters do software SPSS, que resultou na formação de dois agrupamentos. Considerando a pesquisa de campo e o referencial teórico, verificou-se que a Perícia Contábil, no limite de suas atribuições, é um relevante meio de prova para a solução de controvérsias relativas ao crime organizado.

Robo-AO Kepler Asteroseismic Survey. I. Adaptive Optics Imaging of 99 Asteroseismic Kepler Dwarfs and Subgiants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schonhut-Stasik, Jessica S.; Baranec, Christoph; Huber, Daniel; Atkinson, Dani; Hagelberg, Janis; Marel, Nienke van der; Hodapp, Klaus W. [Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Hilo, HI 96720-2700 (United States); Ziegler, Carl; Law, Nicholas M. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255 (United States); Gaidos, Eric [Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States); Riddle, Reed, E-mail: jstasik@hawaii.edu [Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States)

2017-10-01

We used the Robo-AO laser adaptive optics (AOs) system to image 99 main sequence and subgiant stars that have Kepler -detected asteroseismic signals. Robo-AO allows us to resolve blended secondary sources at separations as close as ∼0.″15 that may contribute to the measured Kepler light curves and affect asteroseismic analysis and interpretation. We report eight new secondary sources within 4.″0 of these Kepler asteroseismic stars. We used Subaru and Keck AOs to measure differential infrared photometry for these candidate companion systems. Two of the secondary sources are likely foreground objects, while the remaining six are background sources; however, we cannot exclude the possibility that three of the objects may be physically associated. We measured a range of i ′-band amplitude dilutions for the candidate companion systems from 0.43% to 15.4%. We find that the measured amplitude dilutions are insufficient to explain the previously identified excess scatter in the relationship between asteroseismic oscillation amplitude and the frequency of maximum power.

Perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos e eficácia de sanitizantes frente aos isolados de Salmonella spp. oriundos de carcaças suínas no Rio Grande do Sul

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Fernanda Lucia Colla

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar o perfil de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos e a eficácia de três sanitizantes frente a isolados de Salmonella spp. oriundos de carcaças na tecnologia de abate de suínos. Avaliaram-se 120 amostras, das quais 39 foram positivas para Salmonella spp. Os princípios ativos testados foram penicilina G 10 U, amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico 30mcg, ampicilina 10mcg, cloranfenicol 30mcg, tetraciclina 30mcg, estreptomicina 10mcg, neomicina 30mcg, gentamicina 10mcg, enrofloxacina 5mcg, sulfazotrim 25mcg, sulfonamida 300mcg e trimetropima 5mcg. Nos testes com sanitizantes utilizaram-se clorexidina, amônia quaternária e ácido peracético com tempos de contato de um, cinco, 10 e 15 minutos. Os índices de resistência aos antimicrobianos foram de 100% para penicilina, 94,9% para tetraciclina, 89,7% para trimetropima e 87,2% para ampicilina. Nenhum dos princípios ativos foi 100% eficaz frente aos isolados testados, observando-se melhor ação para amoxicilina+ácido clavulânico (86,7%, neomicina (86,7% e cloranfenicol (64,1%. Nos testes de eficácia dos sanitizantes, o ácido peracético a 0.5% foi efetivo a partir de 10 minutos (94,6% e 15 minutos (97,3% de contato; amônia quaternária a 1% por 10 minutos (89,2% e 15 minutos (97,3% e clorexidina a 0.5% por 10 minutos (70,3% e 15 minutos de contato (72,8%. Todas as amostras testadas apresentaram multirresistência e seis (15,3% apresentaram resistência à ampicilina, cloranfenicol, estreptomicina, sulfonamida e tetraciclina (denominado grupo ACSSuT, indicando a necessidade de monitorar a propagação da resistência aos antimicrobianos em Salmonella spp. oriundas de suínos. O sanitizante mais efetivo frente aos isolados testados foi o ácido peracético a 0.5% por 15 minutos, reforçando a necessidade de monitorar também a efetividade de produtos sanitizantes frente aos isolados de Salmonella spp.

GOALS, STRATEGIES AND FIRST DISCOVERIES OF AO327, THE ARECIBO ALL-SKY 327 MHz DRIFT PULSAR SURVEY

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deneva, J. S. [Arecibo Observatory, HC3 Box 53995, Arecibo, PR 00612 (United States); Stovall, K.; Martinez, J. G.; Jenet, F. [Center for Advanced Radio Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, TX 78520 (United States); McLaughlin, M. A.; Bates, S. D.; Bagchi, M. [Department of Physics, West Virginia University, 111 White Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 (United States); Freire, P. C. C. [Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn (Germany)

2013-09-20

We report initial results from AO327, a drift survey for pulsars with the Arecibo telescope at 327 MHz. The first phase of AO327 will cover the sky at declinations of –1° to 28°, excluding the region within 5° of the Galactic plane, where high scattering and dispersion make low-frequency surveys sub-optimal. We record data from a 57 MHz bandwidth with 1024 channels and 125 μs sampling time. The 60 s transit time through the AO327 beam means that the survey is sensitive to very tight relativistic binaries even with no acceleration searches. To date we have detected 44 known pulsars with periods ranging from 3 ms to 2.21 s and discovered 24 new pulsars. The new discoveries include 3 ms pulsars, three objects with periods of a few tens of milliseconds typical of young as well as mildly recycled pulsars, a nuller, and a rotating radio transient. Five of the new discoveries are in binary systems. The second phase of AO327 will cover the sky at declinations of 28°-38°. We compare the sensitivity and search volume of AO327 to the Green Bank North Celestial Cap survey and the GBT350 drift survey, both of which operate at 350 MHz.

Experiências de médicos ao comunicarem o diagnóstico da deficiência de bebês aos pais = Physicians’ experiences when communicating the diagnosis of infants’ disability to parents

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Luisada, Valquíria

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os sentimentos e vivências de médicos ao transmitirem a notícia de uma deficiência aos pais, no nascimento do bebê, assim como o preparo/formação que receberam para atuarem neste momento. Material e Métodos: O estudo teve abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, a partir da técnica de entrevista semiestruturada. A pesquisa foi realizada com 10 médicos, entre Obstetras e Neonatologistas na cidade de São Paulo/ SP. As entrevistas foram analisadas e seus resultados discutidos em três diferentes categorias: a Notícia, Sentimentos e Preparo Profissional. Resultados: Os médicos relatam dificuldades ao comunicar os pais sobre a deficiência dos bebês e pensam em estratégias variadas, como falar ao casal; falar apenas para a mãe, falar imediatamente após o parto, esperar algum tempo; revelam tristeza e inexistência de preparo durante a formação em medicina. Conclusão: Foram sinalizadas abordagens inadequadas e ineficazes, e o despreparo e dificuldades na comunicação da notícia, associados à falta de formação acadêmica para desempenhar esta tarefa. Conclui-se que os principais sentimentos vivenciados são a tristeza, a angústia e a solidariedade, com consequências físicas e emocionais para o profissional e, provavelmente, para a família dos pacientes

Transtorno afetivo bipolar: perfil farmacoterapêutico e adesão ao medicamento

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Adriana Inocenti Miasso

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivos verificar a adesão de portadores de transtorno afetivo bipolar (TAB à terapêutica medicamentosa e identificar possíveis causas de adesão e não adesão ao medicamento de acordo com o perfil farmacoterapêutico. Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo, realizado em Núcleo de Saúde Mental de um município do interior paulista. Participaram do estudo 101 pacientes com TAB. Para coleta dos dados, utilizou-se a entrevista estruturada e o teste de Morisky-Green e, para a análise dos mesmos, o programa Statistical Package for the Social Science. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria (63% dos sujeitos investigados não adere ao medicamento. Apesar de não ter ocorrido diferenças significativas entre o grupo de aderentes e não aderentes, para as variáveis investigadas, foi possível verificar a utilização de polifarmacoterapia e regimes terapêuticos complexos no tratamento do TAB. Permanece como desafio a implementação de estratégias que possam melhorar, na prática, a adesão de pacientes ao tratamento medicamentoso.

Diabetes Mellitus: desafios relacionados ao autocuidado abordados em Grupo de Apoio Psicológico

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Nunila Ferreira de Oliveira

2011-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo foi identificar os sentimentos dos usuários associados ao diagnóstico do Diabetes Mellitus (DM, as dificuldades inerentes ao controle glicêmico e estratégias de enfrentamento adotadas diante das demandas impostas pela doença. Estudo qualitativo realizado com grupo de pessoas acompanhadas por equipe multiprofissional de um centro de pesquisa e extensão universitária de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. Quatro sessões grupais que constituíram o corpus da pesquisa, foram audiogravadas e transcritas. A análise temática originou as categorias: sentimentos despertados a partir do diagnóstico do DM; dificuldades no controle da doença e estratégias de enfrentamento. Os resultados evidenciaram diferentes modos de lidar com os desafios suscitados pela doença no cotidiano, que influenciam diretamente na adesão ao tratamento e constituem elementos relevantes para o planejamento de intervenções mais efetivas.

Aluminium hydro(oxide)–based (AO) adsorbent for defluoridation of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

High resolution 27Al Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (27Al MAS NMR) spectra of AO, AA, and PB were recorded, to analyse the coordination geometry of solid Al species and the results showed that aluminium is coordinated octahedrally and tetrahedrally in all cases. Regeneration experiments showed ...

Assistência de enfermagem ao escolar: uma introdução ao problema

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Maria das Graças C. Ferriani

1983-12-01

Full Text Available Neste estudo são apresentados alguns aspectos da assistência de saúde ao escolar através dos tempos. Atualmente, profissionais de saúde estão voltados para a saúde escolar e todos tentam de alguma forma desempenhar o seu papel contribuindo para transformar os escolares em cidadãos úteis e capazes. A enfermagem de há muito tempo despertou seu interesse para melhorar as condições de vida do escolar. Na literatura consultada verificamos que a enfermeira, em alguns países da Europa e Estados Unidos, faz parte integrante do Sistema Escolar, e esta atividade é oficializada pelo governo. No Brasil, embora exista uma lei que coloca a enfermeira no sistema escolar, não encontramos nenhuma atividade de enfermagem oficializada e próprias das Secretarias de Educação dos diversos setores da União. O objet'vo deste ensaio é mostrar a importância da assistência de enfermagem dentro do sistema escolar.

LEPTOSPIROSE HUMANA - INFECÇÃO EM HABITANTES DO VALE DO RIO ARICANDUVA, MUNICIPIO DE SÃO PAULO, 1984-1985. Parte I — Aspectos Relativos ao Grupo Estudado e ao Meio Ambiente

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Souza, Doralice de

1988-01-01

Em 1985-86 foi realizada uma investigação epidemiológica em uma zona que fôra inundada, em 1983, pelo rio Aricanduva e seus afluentes, a leste do município de São Paulo; foram estudados 61 coabitantes de casos confirmados laboratorialmente de leptospirose humana ocorrida em 1983, residentes nessa área, com o objetivo de conhecer o nível de infecção por leptospiras nesse grupo de pessoas. No presente artigo são relatados os aspectos referentes ao grupo estudado e ao seu meio ambiente. Foi veri...

AVALIAÇÃO DOS BENEFÍCIOS SECUNDÁRIOS DE PROJETOS MDL: CONTRIBUIÇÃO AO CONTROLE DE POLUIÇÃO E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO LOCAL E REGIONAL

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Pedro Camargo Amaral

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Considerando o aumento da importância de poluentes locais, regionais e globais nas atividades humanas, notados os acordos internacionais para controlar e reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito estufa destaca-se o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo do Protocolo de Kyoto, como ferramenta para promover a redução de emissões de GEE e contribuir para o controle de poluição e desenvolvimento local e regional. Dentro do processo de aprovação de projetos de MDL no Brasil, existe a necessidade de se atender aos critérios relacionados à sustentabilidade local, definidos pelo governo brasileiro no documento denominado Anexo III. O presente estudo busca avaliar o processo que culminou com a definição dos critérios de sustentabilidade para projetos de MDL no Brasil e avaliar o impacto local e regional de projetos aprovados pelo governo brasileiro, no que concerne os poluentes ambientais CO, NOx, SOx, MP e hidrocarbonetos, assim como impactos diretos à fauna, flora e recursos hídricos. Para a avaliação dos projetos foi proposta uma metodologia, baseada em metodologias previamente sugeridas para avaliação de projetos de MDL. Concluí-se que os critérios estabelecidos para o Anexo III contemplam, em essência, os critérios sugeridos nos trabalhos que antecederam sua definição. Por outro lado, é notável a diminuição do peso de benefícios secundários no mecanismo, como critérios obrigatórios ou classificatórios, quando se comparam as idéias originais àquelas que de fato foram implementadas. Ao mesmo tempo, devem ser valorizados os impactos secundários positivos advindos dos projetos de MDL, notados àqueles apresentados neste trabalho. Ressalta-se que os impactos ambientais positivos são extremamente relacionados ao menor consumo de combustíveis fósseis (não desconsiderando também a menor necessidade de produção dos mesmos e aos impactos associados a estes combustíveis.

Subaru/SCExAO First-light Direct Imaging of a Young Debris Disk around HD 36546

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Currie, Thayne; Guyon, Olivier; Kudo, Tomoyuki; Jovanovic, Nemanja; Lozi, Julien [National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Subaru Telescope, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Hilo, HI 96720 (United States); Tamura, Motohide; Kuzuhara, Masayuki [Astrobiology Center, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo (Japan); Schlieder, Joshua E. [IPAC-NExScI, Mail Code 100-22, Caltech, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Brandt, Timothy D. [Astrophysics Department, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ (United States); Kuhn, Jonas [Institute for Astronomy, ETH-Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland); Serabyn, Eugene; Singh, Garima [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA (United States); Janson, Markus [Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm (Sweden); Carson, Joseph [Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Charleston, 66 George Street, Charleston, SC (United States); Groff, Tyler; Kasdin, N. Jeremy [Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ (United States); McElwain, Michael W.; Grady, Carol [Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, Code 667, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD (United States); Uyama, Taichi [Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo (Japan); Akiyama, Eiji [Chile Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo (Japan); and others

2017-02-10

We present H -band scattered light imaging of a bright debris disk around the A0 star HD 36546 obtained from the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) system with data recorded by the HiCIAO camera using the vector vortex coronagraph. SCExAO traces the disk from r ∼ 0.″3 to r ∼1″ (34–114 au). The disk is oriented in a near east–west direction (PA ∼ 75°), is inclined by i ∼ 70°–75°, and is strongly forward-scattering (g > 0.5). It is an extended disk rather than a sharp ring; a second, diffuse dust population extends from the disk’s eastern side. While HD 36546 intrinsic properties are consistent with a wide age range (t ∼ 1–250 Myr), its kinematics and analysis of coeval stars suggest a young age (3–10 Myr) and a possible connection to Taurus-Auriga’s star formation history. SCExAO’s planet-to-star contrast ratios are comparable to the first-light Gemini Planet Imager contrasts; for an age of 10 Myr, we rule out planets with masses comparable to HR 8799 b beyond a projected separation of 23 au. A massive icy planetesimal disk or an unseen super-Jovian planet at r > 20 au may explain the disk’s visibility. The HD 36546 debris disk may be the youngest debris disk yet imaged, is the first newly identified object from the now-operational SCExAO extreme AO system, is ideally suited for spectroscopic follow-up with SCExAO/CHARIS in 2017, and may be a key probe of icy planet formation and planet–disk interactions.

Subaru/SCExAO First-light Direct Imaging of a Young Debris Disk around HD 36546

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Currie, Thayne; Guyon, Olivier; Kudo, Tomoyuki; Jovanovic, Nemanja; Lozi, Julien; Tamura, Motohide; Kuzuhara, Masayuki; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Brandt, Timothy D.; Kuhn, Jonas; Serabyn, Eugene; Singh, Garima; Janson, Markus; Carson, Joseph; Groff, Tyler; Kasdin, N. Jeremy; McElwain, Michael W.; Grady, Carol; Uyama, Taichi; Akiyama, Eiji

2017-01-01

We present H -band scattered light imaging of a bright debris disk around the A0 star HD 36546 obtained from the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) system with data recorded by the HiCIAO camera using the vector vortex coronagraph. SCExAO traces the disk from r ∼ 0.″3 to r ∼1″ (34–114 au). The disk is oriented in a near east–west direction (PA ∼ 75°), is inclined by i ∼ 70°–75°, and is strongly forward-scattering (g > 0.5). It is an extended disk rather than a sharp ring; a second, diffuse dust population extends from the disk’s eastern side. While HD 36546 intrinsic properties are consistent with a wide age range (t ∼ 1–250 Myr), its kinematics and analysis of coeval stars suggest a young age (3–10 Myr) and a possible connection to Taurus-Auriga’s star formation history. SCExAO’s planet-to-star contrast ratios are comparable to the first-light Gemini Planet Imager contrasts; for an age of 10 Myr, we rule out planets with masses comparable to HR 8799 b beyond a projected separation of 23 au. A massive icy planetesimal disk or an unseen super-Jovian planet at r > 20 au may explain the disk’s visibility. The HD 36546 debris disk may be the youngest debris disk yet imaged, is the first newly identified object from the now-operational SCExAO extreme AO system, is ideally suited for spectroscopic follow-up with SCExAO/CHARIS in 2017, and may be a key probe of icy planet formation and planet–disk interactions.

Evaluating methyl jasmonate for induction of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum, F. circinatum and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vivas, M.; Martin, J. a.; Gil, L.; Solla, A.

2012-11-01

Damping off is probably the most common disease affecting seedlings in forest nurseries. In south-western Europe, the pitch canker and the Dutch elm disease cause relevant economic looses in forests, mostly in adult trees. The ability of the chemical plant elicitor methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to induce resistance in Pinus pinaster against Fusarium oxysporum and F. circinatum, and in Ulmus minor against Ophiostoma novo-ulmi was examined. In a first experiment, an aqueous solution of MeJA 5 mM was applied to P. pinaster seeds by immersion or spray, and different concentrations of MeJA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mM) were tested in seedlings before inoculations with F. oxysporum (105 and 107 spores mL{sup -}1). In a second experiment, 6-months-old P. pinaster seedlings were sprayed with 0 and 25 mM of MeJA, and later challenged with mycelium of F. circinatum. Finally, 4-year-old U. minor trees were sprayed with 0, 50 and 100 mM of MeJA and subsequently inoculated with O. novo-ulmi (106 spores mL{sup -}1). MeJA did not protect P. pinaster seeds and seedlings against F. oxysporum, probably because plants were too young for the physiological mechanisms responsible for resistance to be induced. Based on the morphological changes observed in the treated 6-months-old P. pinaster seedlings (reduction of growth and increased resin duct density), there is evidence that MeJA could have activated the mechanisms of resistance. However, 25 mM MeJA did not reduce plant mortality, probably because the spread of the virulent F. circinatum strain within the tree tissues was faster than the formation of effective defense responses. Based on the lack of phenological changes observed in the treated elms, there is no evidence that MeJA would cause induction of resistance. These results suggest that the use of MeJA to prevent F. oxysporum and F. circinatum in P. pinaster seedlings in nurseries and O. novo-ulmi in U. minor trees should be discarded. (Author) 42 refs.

Expressao genica associada ao estresse oxidativo no coracao de camundongo apos isquemia intestinal

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Frederico Somaio Neto

2014-03-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: O fenômeno da isquemia e reperfusão intestinal é um evento frequente na clínica e está associado a repercussões deletérias em órgãos a distância, em especial ao coração. OBJETIVO: Investigar a expressão gênica do estresse oxidativo e defesa antioxidante no coração de camundongos isogênicos, submetidos a isquemia e reperfusão intestinal (IR. MÉTODOS: Doze camundongos (C57BL/6 foram distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo IR (GIR com 60 min de oclusão da artéria mesentérica superior, seguidos de 60 min de reperfusão. Grupo Controle (GC submetidos a anestesia e a laparotomia sem o procedimento de IR observados por 120 min. As amostras de intestino e coração foram processadas pelo método (RT-qPCR / Reverse transcriptase - quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction para determinar a expressão gênica de 84 genes relacionados ao estresse oxidativo ("t" de Student, p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Observou-se no tecido intestinal (GIR uma expressão significantemente aumentada em 65 (74,71% genes em relação ao tecido normal (GC, e 37 (44,04% genes estiveram hiperexpressos (maior que três vezes o limiar permitido pelo algoritmo. No tocante aos efeitos da I/R intestinal a distância no tecido cardíaco verificou-se a expressão significantemente aumentada de 28 genes (33,33%, mas somente oito genes (9,52% se hiperexpressaram três vezes acima do limiar. Quatro (7,14% desses oito genes se expressaram simultaneamente nos tecidos intestinal e cardíaco. No GIR notaram-se cardiomiócitos com núcleos de menor tamanho, picnóticos, ricos em heterocromatina e raros nucléolos, indicando sofrimento cardíaco. CONCLUSÃO: A I/R intestinal promoveu a hiperexpressão estatisticamente significante de oito genes associados ao estresse oxidativo a distância no tecido miocárdico.

Ausência de expectativa de suporte para o cuidado aos idosos da comunidade

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Déborah Cristina de Oliveira

2016-06-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: identificar fatores associados à ausência de expectativa de suporte para o cuidado aos idosos da comunidade. Método: foram utilizados parte dos dados do estudo multicêntrico "Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros", pesquisa quantitativa, epidemiológica e transversal desenvolvida no período de 2008 a 2009. Foram realizadas análises de comparação e regressão dos dados de 671 idosos. Resultados: a avaliação da expectativa de suporte para o cuidado aos idosos mostrou-se um bom indicador de risco para ausência de expectativa de suporte em mulheres, idosos que residiam sozinhos e com percepção ruim da própria saúde. Conclusão: conclui-se que é preciso refletir sobre o sistema de suporte oferecido aos idosos no Brasil, visto que o perfil destes que estão em risco é cada vez maior na população. Ressalta-se também a importância da inserção de métodos subjetivos para avaliação da percepção dos idosos sobre suporte para o cuidado.

INTRODUÇAO AOS MODELOS ODE PARTICIPAÇÃO DE MERCADO EM SERVIÇOS DE TRANSPORTES

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Antonio Galvão Novaes

2010-04-01

Full Text Available

Análises de participação de mercado ("market share" são comuns em estudos na área de "marketing", envolvendo produtos e respectivas marcas, de um lado, o perfil da demanda de outro, e o posicionamento das empresas produtoras que competem nesse mercado, num terceiro bloco. No setor de transportes a literatura registra aplicações em ligações aéreas e em serviços intermunicipais de ônibus. Os modelos de participação de mercado se aplicam normalmente a situações em que os operadores oferecem serviços de transportes similares num determinado mercado, com a competição sendo feita não com base em atributos modais intrínsecos, mas sim apoiada em características diferenciadoras intra-modais mais tênues, tais como conforto, atendimento, promoções tarifárias, "marketing" e propaganda, etc. Neste artigo é feita uma introdução aos modelos de "market share" em transportes, com a apresentação de um exemplo de aplicação ao transporte intermunicipal de passageiros em ônibus, sendo discutidos também aspectos ligados a calibração e tais modelos.

ABSTRACT

Market share analysis is common in marketing studies involving products and respective brands, on one hand, the demand profile on the other hand, and the competiting industries on a third set. In the transport sector the literature registers a number of applications to air transport problems and to intercity bus services. Market share models are normally applied to situations in which operators offer, in a specific market, transport services that are similar in nature, with competition based not on intrinsic modal attributes, but rather on more tenous intra-mode differentiating characteristics, such as comfort, attendance, tariff promotions, marketing and advertising efforts, etc (sub-modal configurations. It is presented in this paper an introduction to market share modelling in transport, with an example concerning an intercity bus service in

An Ecological Land Survey for Fort Wainwright, Alaska,

Science.gov (United States)

1999-09-01

Nutt. DRYOPTERIS FRAGRANS (L.) Schott ALNUS VIRIDIS Villar ssp. CRISPA (Aiton) A. Loeve & D. Loeve GYMNOCARPIUM DRYOPTERIS (L.) Newman BETULA...OCTOPETALA POLYGONUM AMYHIBIUM L. FRAGARIA VIRGINIANA Duchesne POLYGONUM AVICULARE L. GEUM PERINCISUM Rydb. POLYGONUM CONVOLVULUS L. PENTAPHYLLOIDES

A MEMÕRIA DE JESUS E A MANVFESTAÇAO DO PAI NO QUARTO EVANGELHO

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Johan Konings

1988-01-01

Full Text Available Não somos os primeiros a constatar que as cristologias narrativas pouco se inspiram no Quarto Evangelho (QE, tanto na atual teologia latino-americana como na europeia, de E. Schillebeeckx, por exemplo. Entretanto, as cristologias especulativas usam amplamente pelo menos o prólogo de João como ponto de partida para suas especulações. Será que este tratamento faz jus ao QE, ou repousa num preconceito espiritualista com relação ao evangelho que Clemente de Alexandria chamou de "espiritual"?

A importância da auditoria na análise ao pressuposto de continuidade

OpenAIRE

Aires, Vanessa Alexandra Campos

2016-01-01

Mestrado em Auditoria A análise ao pressuposto de continuidade tem alcançado uma enorme relevância, nos últimos anos, tendo em consideração os inúmeros casos de falência e escândalos que têm ocorrido, como por exemplo, a Enron, a Worldcom e o BES. A insolvência de entidades que foram alvo de auditorias proporcionou inúmeras incertezas, aos utilizadores das demonstrações financeiras, que se questionam quanto à responsabilidade dos auditores relativamente a estas situações. O presente trabal...

Aspergillus oryzae AoSO is a novel component of stress granules upon heat stress in filamentous fungi.

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Hsiang-Ting Huang

Full Text Available Stress granules are a type of cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP granule formed in response to the inhibition of translation initiation, which typically occurs when cells are exposed to stress. Stress granules are conserved in eukaryotes; however, in filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus oryzae, stress granules have not yet been defined. For this reason, here we investigated the formation and localization of stress granules in A. oryzae cells exposed to various stresses using an EGFP fusion protein of AoPab1, a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pab1p, as a stress granule marker. Localization analysis showed that AoPab1 was evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm under normal growth conditions, and accumulated as cytoplasmic foci mainly at the hyphal tip in response to stress. AoSO, a homolog of Neurospora crassa SO, which is necessary for hyphal fusion, colocalized with stress granules in cells exposed to heat stress. The formation of cytoplasmic foci of AoSO was blocked by treatment with cycloheximide, a known inhibitor of stress granule formation. Deletion of the Aoso gene had effects on the formation and localization of stress granules in response to heat stress. Our results suggest that AoSO is a novel component of stress granules specific to filamentous fungi. The authors would specially like to thank Hiroyuki Nakano and Kei Saeki for generously providing experimental and insightful opinions.

Modelo analítico de resistência ao rolamento de pneus de carga

OpenAIRE

Marcos Rodolfo Gali

2015-01-01

Resumo: Em 2012, Rhyne & Cron desenvolveram um modelo analítico para estimar a mínima Resistência ao Rolamento (RR) para pneus destinados aos veículos de passageiro. Os parâmetros estudados pelos autores foram a área de contato, a espessura e a largura da rodagem, o raio da cintura metálica, o módulo elástico do composto da banda de rodagem, a carga vertical imposta, a pressão de inflação do pneu e a área efetiva de contato do pneu com o solo. Para o fator área de contato, os autores simplifi...

Labirintos do nada: a crítica de Nietzsche ao niilismo de Schopenhauer

OpenAIRE

Jarlee Oliveira Silva Salviano

2007-01-01

As filosofias da Vontade de Arthur Schopenhauer e Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche apresentam duas posturas antagônicas em relação ao sentido da vida. Em ambos a vida deve ser explicada como a expressão de uma força cega e irracional, tornando-se sinônimo de dor e sofrimento - contudo, a reação de cada um diante deste achado filosófico do século XIX os coloca em caminhos contrários. No elogio schopenhaueriano da negação da vontade, da fuga ascética em direção ao Nada, Nietzsche encontra o antípoda...

Alterações reprodutivas em ratos machos expostos perinatalmente aos frutos da Solanum lycocarpum

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Aline Schwarz

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Ratas prenhes foram tratadas do dia 06 da gestação (GD 06 ao dia 07 pós-natal (PND 07 com frutos verdes secos e moídos da Solanum lycocarpum (10% na ração. Após nascimento das ninhadas, foi avaliado na prole masculina adulta aos 60 e 90 dias de vida, o número de espermátides e a produção espermática diária nos testículos e o tempo de trânsito espermático no epidídimo. A exposição não foi capaz de promover alterações na produção espermática diária (DSP e no número de espermátides produzidas pelo testículo dos ratos expostos aos frutos verdes da S. lycocarpum durante a gestação e início da lactação. Não foram observadas alterações no tempo de trânsito espermático na cabeça do epidídimo, porém, foi constatado menor número de espermatozóides no corpo/cauda do epidídimo nos machos experimentais com 90 dias de vida, provavelmente resultante do menor tempo de trânsito espermático observado no corpo/cauda do epidídimo aos PND 90. Estes dados sugerem que a exposição de ratos aos frutos verdes da S. lycocarpum durante a gestação e início da lactação, não foi suficiente para promover alterações na produção mas sim no trânsito espermático, indicando possível alteração no eixo hormônio liberador das gonadotrofinas hipotálamo-hipófise-gônada

Improving the temperature characteristics and catalytic efficiency of a mesophilic xylanase from Aspergillus oryzae, AoXyn11A, by iterative mutagenesis based on in silico design.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Xue-Qing; Wu, Qin; Hu, Die; Wang, Rui; Liu, Yan; Wu, Min-Chen; Li, Jian-Fang

2017-12-01

To improve the temperature characteristics and catalytic efficiency of a glycoside hydrolase family (GHF) 11 xylanase from Aspergillus oryzae (AoXyn11A), its variants were predicted based on in silico design. Firstly, Gly 21 with the maximum B-factor value, which was confirmed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on the three-dimensional structure of AoXyn11A, was subjected to site-saturation mutagenesis. Thus, one variant with the highest thermostability, AoXyn11A G21I , was selected from the mutagenesis library, E. coli/Aoxyn11A G21X (X: any one of 20 amino acids). Secondly, based on the primary structure multiple alignment of AoXyn11A with seven thermophilic GHF11 xylanases, AoXyn11A Y13F or AoXyn11A G21I-Y13F , was designed by replacing Tyr 13 in AoXyn11A or AoXyn11A G21I with Phe. Finally, three variant-encoding genes, Aoxyn11A G21I , Aoxyn11A Y13F and Aoxyn11A G21I-Y13F , were constructed by two-stage whole-plasmid PCR method, and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115, respectively. The temperature optimum (T opt ) of recombinant (re) AoXyn11A G21I-Y13F was 60 °C, being 5 °C higher than that of reAoXyn11A G21I or reAoXyn11A Y13F , and 10 °C higher than that of reAoXyn11A. The thermal inactivation half-life (t 1/2 ) of reAoXyn11A G21I-Y13F at 50 °C was 240 min, being 40-, 3.4- and 2.5-fold longer than those of reAoXyn11A, reAoXyn11A G21I and reAoXyn11A Y13F . The melting temperature (T m ) values of reAoXyn11A, reAoXyn11A G21I , reAoXyn11A Y13F and reAoXyn11A G21I-Y13F were 52.3, 56.5, 58.6 and 61.3 °C, respectively. These findings indicated that the iterative mutagenesis of both Gly21Ile and Tyr13Phe improved the temperature characteristics of AoXyn11A in a synergistic mode. Besides those, the catalytic efficiency (k cat /K m ) of reAoXyn11A G21I-Y13F was 473.1 mL mg -1 s -1 , which was 1.65-fold higher than that of reAoXyn11A.

Resistência de Eleusine indica aos inibidores de ACCase Eleusine indica resistance to ACCase inhibitors

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R.A. Vidal

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Dentre as causas da ineficácia no controle de plantas daninhas destaca-se a resistência delas aos herbicidas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a suspeita de resistência de Eleusine indica a inibidores de acetil-CoA carboxilase (ACCase e investigar a ocorrência de resistência cruzada entre os inibidores de ACCase. Biótipo de Eleusine indica originado do Mato Grosso com suspeita de resistência aos herbicidas inibidores de ACCase foi avaliado em casa de vegetação na sua suscetibilidade para diversos produtos do grupo dos ariloxifenoxipropionatos e cicloexanodionas. Estudos de resposta à dose confirmaram que o biótipo era 18 vezes mais insensível ao sethoxydim do que biótipo suscetível nunca aspergido com herbicidas. Também se constatou resistência cruzada ao fenoxaprop, cyhalofop, propaquizafop e butroxydim. Não se observou resistência cruzada aos produtos fluazifop, haloxyfop, quizalofop e clethodim.Among the causes for weed control inefficacy, the worst one is resistance to herbicides. The objectives of this work were to evaluate an Eleusine indica biotype suspected of resistance to ACCase inhibitors and to investigate the occurrence of cross- resistance to several ACCase inhibitors. One biotype of Eleusine indica originated from Mato Grosso with suspected resistance to ACCase inhibitors was evaluated in a greenhouse in relation to its susceptibility to several products of the ariloxyphenoxypropionate and cyclohexanedione groups. Studies on dose response confirmed that the suspected biotype was 18 times more insensitive to sethoxydim than the susceptible biotype that had never been treated with herbicides. Cross-resistance was confirmed for fenoxaprop, cyhalofop, propaquizafop and butroxydim. No cross-resistance was observed with fluazifop, haloxyfop, quizalofop, and clethodim.

Efeito do controle do sob coberto e da fertilização no cresci­mento e concentração de nutrientes em pinheiro bravo (Pinus pinaster Ait. Effect of controlling competing vegetation and fertilization on maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait. growth and nutrient concentration

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R. Xavier

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Para determinar o interesse do controle da vegetação do sob coberto e da aplicação de N, P e K no crescimento e concentração de nutrientes em pinheiro bravo (Pinus pinas­ter Ait. escolheu-se um pinhal com seis anos onde, em Julho de 2002, foram aplica­dos cinco tratamentos: testemunha (T; corte e remoção da vegetação (CR; corte, remo­ção da vegetação e fertilização (CRF; corte e destroçamento da vegetação (CD; corte, destroçamento da vegetação e fertilização (CDF. Entre 2002 e 2007, e em relação a todos os parâmetros dendrométricos considerados, altura, diâmetro, área basal e volume, verifi­cou-se que os acréscimos ocorridos no tra­tamento CDF foram superiores (pTo study the interest of controlling the understory vegetation and the addition of N, P and K on the growth and nutrient concen­tration in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait., a field trial was established in a 6-year old pine forest. Five treatments were tested: control (T; cutting and removal of compet­ing vegetation (CR; cutting, removal of competing vegetation and fertilization (CRF; cutting and chipping of competing vegetation (CD; cutting, chipping of com­peting vegetation and fertilization (CDF. Between 2002 and 2007, growth in the CDF treatment was higher (p <0.05 than in the other treatments. The lowest growth oc­curred in control and/or in the CR treatment. In general, there were no differences between CD and CRF treatments. Therefore, these re­sults point out that removal of competing vegetation should be considered only if fertil­izers are added (CRF treatment in order to avoid negative effects on pine growth. Ap­plying fertilizers increased N, P and K con­centrations only in 2002 and 2003, although the increase was not significant.

Cultivo de Spirulina maxima ao ar livre - I. Inverno

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Rogério Lacaz Ruiz

1990-12-01

e noturno indicaram que o melhor período de produção de biomassa durante o dia foi das 8 - 13 h e a produtividade atingiu valor máximo de 8,08 g/metro quadrado/dia. Durante todo o experimento foi necessário adicionar água ao sistema, devido à ausência de chuvas; e o total acrescentado equivaleu a 72,14 mm de chuva.

Percepções de pessoas com baixa visão sobre seu retorno ao mercado de trabalho

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Zelia Zilda Lourenço de Camargo Bittencourt

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou investigar as características de pessoas com baixa visão afastadas do trabalho e encaminhadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social para programa de reabilitação bem como identificar suas expectativas quanto ao possível retorno ao mercado de trabalho. O estudo descritivo transversal contou com entrevistas semiestruturadas. A amostra contou com 12 sujeitos em idade produtiva, sendo 11 do sexo masculino. Quanto à escolaridade, 7 dos sujeitos não completaram o ensino fundamental. O material obtido foi submetido à análise qualitativa de conteúdo, agrupado nas seguintes categorias: conhecimento da deficiência, reabilitação e acesso aos direitos sociais, retorno ao mercado de trabalho, planos para o futuro. Os entrevistados detinham pouco conhecimento sobre a deficiência visual e os direitos sociais da pessoa deficiente. A despeito das políticas afirmativas para pessoas deficientes, a desvantagem social é significativa quando se observam a baixa escolaridade e a pouca qualificação profissional, dificultando sua inclusão no mercado de trabalho.

Mammalian remains from an Indian site on Curaçao

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hooijer, D.A.

1963-01-01

The animal remains (mostly of shells, fish, and turtles) collected by Mr. H. R. VAN HEEKEREN and Mr. C. J. DU RY at the Indian site Sint Jan II, Curaçao, in March, 1960, include a few specimens of mammals. As was the case with the Indian site Santa Cruz, on Aruba (HOOIJER, 1960), several forms are

The Performance of the Robo-AO Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics System at the Kitt Peak 2.1 m Telescope

Science.gov (United States)

Jensen-Clem, Rebecca; Duev, Dmitry A.; Riddle, Reed; Salama, Maïssa; Baranec, Christoph; Law, Nicholas M.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Ramprakash, A. N.

2018-01-01

Robo-AO is an autonomous laser guide star adaptive optics (AO) system recently commissioned at the Kitt Peak 2.1 m telescope. With the ability to observe every clear night, Robo-AO at the 2.1 m telescope is the first dedicated AO observatory. This paper presents the imaging performance of the AO system in its first 18 months of operations. For a median seeing value of 1.″44, the average Strehl ratio is 4% in the i\\prime band. After post processing, the contrast ratio under sub-arcsecond seeing for a 2≤slant i\\prime ≤slant 16 primary star is five and seven magnitudes at radial offsets of 0.″5 and 1.″0, respectively. The data processing and archiving pipelines run automatically at the end of each night. The first stage of the processing pipeline shifts and adds the rapid frame rate data using techniques optimized for different signal-to-noise ratios. The second “high-contrast” stage of the pipeline is eponymously well suited to finding faint stellar companions. Currently, a range of scientific programs, including the synthetic tracking of near-Earth asteroids, the binarity of stars in young clusters, and weather on solar system planets are being undertaken with Robo-AO.

O sul corpóreo: Trajeto de um corpo sociocultural ao corpo poético

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Rocio del Carmen Tisnado Vargas

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo traz uma discussão sobre a metáfora do sul corpóreo, conceito o qual busca pensar a teoria do sociólogo Boaventura de Sousa Santos com as chamadas Epistemologias do Sul, como ponto de convergência com o fazer teatral, transferindo a metáfora do “sul” ao corpo do ator inserido na prática teatral. Apresentamos neste texto o paradigma de significações que traz consigo a metáfora, as afecções dos desdobramentos na dimensão social contemporânea e a produção de conhecimento desde a ótica de um pensamento “latino-americano”. Este conceito tem sua incubação e emerge como ideia central na investigação “Mergulho ao Sul Corpóreo: Trajeto de um corpo sociocultural ao corpo poético”, investigação em andamento idealizada pela autora.

Clasificación de las fracturas toracolumbares: comparación entre las clasificaciones de AO y Vaccaro Classificação das fraturas toracolombares: comparação entre as classificações de AO e Vaccaro Classification of thoracolumbar fractures: a comparison between the classifications of AO versus Vaccaro

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Pedro Luis Bazán

2010-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: as classificações têm mudado na último metade do século, sendo a mais usada desde a última década, a classificação AO. Em 2004, Vaccaro et al. propuseram a Thoraco-Lumbar Injury Classification (TLICS. MÉTODOS: análise da reprodução inter e intraobservador, utilizando o teste Kappa das classificações entre três níveis distintos de traumatólogos em formação, em 30 casos. RESULTADOS: a reprodução intraobservador na classificação de Vaccaro foi: OI: 0,73; OII: 0,6 e OIII: 0,63. Para a classificação AO, 0,77; 0,7 e 0,6, respectivamente. Entre as duas classificações: OI: 0,59; OII: 0,7 e OIII: 0,62. A avaliação interobservador para a classificação de Vaccaro foi de 0,66 e para a classificação AO de 0,67. Os pontos críticos foram rotação e lesões do complexo ligamentar posterior. CONCLUSÕES: as duas classificações mostram um bom grau de concordância (índice Kappa. Com a de Vaccaro, observou-se concordância global de 69%. Com respeito à indicação do tratamento ortopédico, a concordância foi de 37%. A indicação de tratamento cirúrgico foi de 29%. Cabe salientar que essa classificação dispõe de um nível impreciso em que pode-se optar por qualquer dos dois tratamentos (TLICS 4, o qual foi observado em 3%. Não houve concordância em 31%. As mesmas indicações para a classificação AO apresentaram concordância global de 67%. Indicação ortopédica foi de 32%. Foi realizada uma cirurgia em 21%. Nas lesões classificadas como A3 (14%, a sua indicação de tratamento não foi definida com unanimidade entre os observadores.OBJETIVO: las clasificaciones han cambiado en el último medio siglo, la más usada desde la pasada década es la Clasificación AO. En 2004, Vaccaro et al. propusieron el Thoraco-Lumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score (TLICS. MÉTODOS: análisis de la reproductividad inter y intra observador, utilizando el test Kappa, de las dos clasificaciones entre tres niveles

Avaliação do potencial antioxidante da geleia real ao longo do tempo de armazenamento

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Maria Luisa Teles Marques Florencio Alves

2012-05-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2012v25n3p257   A geleia real é uma substância com aspecto de pasta gelatinosa, de cor branca, ligeiramente amarelada, secretada pelas glândulas hipofaringeanas e mandibulares das abelhas operárias. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o potencial antioxidante da geleia real, ao longo do tempo de armazenamento. Os parâmetros físico-químicos utilizados foram: umidade, teor de ácido ascórbico e de fenólicos totais. As amostras foram submetidas ao processo de extração dando origem ao extrato alcoólico, que foi aplicado ao teste do 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil (DPPH para avaliação da atividade antioxidante in vitro. A geleia real apresentou baixos teores de ácido ascórbico (de 0,75 a 1,31mg/100g base úmida e de fenólicos totais (de 14,26 a 28,30mg EAG/100g base úmida. As porcentagens de descoloração do DPPH pelo extrato alcoólico das amostras ficaram acima de 50%, exceto aos 90 dias de armazenamento. A partir dos resultados obtidos, considerando-se os reduzidos teores de ácido ascórbico e de fenólicos totais e, ainda, o baixo desempenho do extrato alcoólico das amostras no teste de atividade antioxidante in vitro, conclui-se que a geleia real apresenta potencial antioxidante relativamente baixo. O tempo de armazenamento não foi determinante nas alterações encontradas.

ALERGIA AO LEITE DE VACA E POSSÍVEIS SUBTITUTOS DIETÉTICOS

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Deisy A. Drunkler

2010-06-01

Full Text Available A alergia ao leite de vaca acomete cerca de 2 a 3% da população infantil com idade inferior a três anos e, atualmente, é a mais comum dentre as alergias alimentares. O alimento substituto deve apresentar alta qualidade nutricional e adequada às necessidades do indivíduo, assim como, apresentar pouca ou nenhuma reatividade cruzada com as proteínas do leite de vaca. Os estudos já realizados investigaram o efeito de diferentes substitutos alimentícios. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão sobre as questões relacionadas com a alergia às proteínas do leite de vaca quanto principais alérgenos envolvidos e sintomatologia, efeito dos tratamentos tecnológicos tradicionais da indústria láctea sobre a alergenicidade ao leite de vaca e os substitutos dietéticos mais empregados nestes casos.

Contabilidade gerencial como apoio ao "just in time"

OpenAIRE

Costa, Sérgio De Carvalho

2010-01-01

Descreve as técnicas da filosofia "Just in Time" e apresenta as modificações necessárias aos Sistemas Gerencias para que se tornem coerentes com a filosofia JIT, bem como meçam adequadamente a melhoria contínua da Empresa. Critica tanto o Custeio' Direto como o Custeio por Absorção, apresentando como alternativa o Custeio "ABC". Mostra como o JIT facilita o Custeio dos Produtos e destaca os aspectos estratégicos da Avaliação de Desempenho. Finalmente discorre sobre um estudo de...

Atividade antiviral e virucida de extratos hidroalcoólicos de própolis marrom, verde e de abelhas Jataí (Tetragonisca angustula frente ao herpersvírus bovino tipo 1 (BoHV-1 e ao vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV

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Cristina Mendes Peter

Full Text Available RESUMO: Dentre as propriedades biológicas da própolis, a atividade antimicrobiana tem merecido destacada atenção. No presente trabalho, descreve-se a ação antiviral e virucida de três extratos hidroalcoólicos de própolis (marrom, verde e de abelhas jataí (Tetragonisca angustula, frente ao Herpesvírus Bovino tipo (BoHV-1 e ao Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina (BVDV. Os três extratos hidroalcoólicos foram obtidos de extração etanólica e são oriundos do sul do Brasil. A composição química dos extratos de própolis foi determinada pela cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a espectrômetro de massas (UFLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS que identificou e quantificou compostos como: ácido cafeico e ácido p-cumárico, ácido clorogênico, ácido ferúlico, além de flavonoides como a rutina. A toxicidade celular bem como a atividade antiviral dos extratos de própolis em monocamadas de células MDBK (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney foi avaliada através de observação microscópica e quantificada pelo teste de MTT (3-(4,5 dimetiltiazol-2yl-2-5-difenil-2H tetrazolato de bromo. O extrato de própolis de abelhas jataí demonstrou ser menos citotóxico (1,57μg/mL, quando comparado aos extratos verde (0,78μg/mL e marrom (0,39μg/mL. Quanto a atividade antiviral, a própolis verde demostrou maior eficácia em ambos os tratamentos celulares (pós e pré-exposição frente ao BoHV-1 em relação aos outros extratos, ou seja, houve maior viabilidade celular quando comparada aos controles de células e vírus. Já a de jataí apresentou atividade frente aos dois vírus (BoHV-1 e BVDV no método pré-infecção, enquanto a própolis marrom demonstrou ação apenas frente ao BoHV-1 também no método pré-infecção. Para determinação da atividade virucida foram utilizadas diferentes diluições dos vírus, bem como temperaturas e tempos distintos de incubação. A própolis verde a 37°C propiciou a maior redução no título viral (4,33log em

Social behavior of the Paguridae and Diogenidae of Curaçao

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hazlett, Brian A.

1966-01-01

1. The social behavior patterns of twelve species of hermit crabs found in the waters around Curaçao, N.A. are described. All species showed marked similarity in their aggressive displays, the most common of which are movements of the appendages, called here the ambulatory raise and cheliped

Da casa ao hotel: entre a hospitalidade e a economia do turismo

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Felipe José Comunello

2015-01-01

Full Text Available O município de São Joaquim, na região serrana de Santa Catarina, tem sido destacado pela imprensa escrita e televisiva nacional como a cidade mais fria do Brasil, ao longo dos últimos vinte anos. Em pesquisa realizada para tese de doutorado, identifiquei que muitas proprietárias de pousadas, as “pousadeiras” como elas mesmas se chamam, começaram abrigando turistas em dificuldades em dias de frio intenso, quando não há hotéis e pousadas suficientes na cidade. A partir disso, elas acreditaram ser possível transformar suas casas em pousadas, tendo diante de si um problema também compartilhado com os profissionais do turismo, a chamada sazonalidade dos turistas. Tal fato provoca dúvidas sobre a sustentação econômica das pousadas e inquietação aos profissionais quanto ao sucesso econômico do turismo. Nesse artigo, isso é analisado tendo como referência uma proposta de parceria recebida por meus interlocutores por parte da operadora de turismo CVC e da empresa de eventos da RBS, afiliada da Rede Globo em Santa Catarina. A discussão é em torno de questões a partir de uma antropologia da hospitalidade. A análise sugere que essa parceria ameaça uma ordem moral estabelecida com base em determinados valores de hospitalidade para com estranhos, principalmente o aquecimento perante o frio.

Adaptive optics stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (AO-STORM) by particle swarm optimization.

Science.gov (United States)

Tehrani, Kayvan F; Zhang, Yiwen; Shen, Ping; Kner, Peter

2017-11-01

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) can achieve resolutions of better than 20nm imaging single fluorescently labeled cells. However, when optical aberrations induced by larger biological samples degrade the point spread function (PSF), the localization accuracy and number of localizations are both reduced, destroying the resolution of STORM. Adaptive optics (AO) can be used to correct the wavefront, restoring the high resolution of STORM. A challenge for AO-STORM microscopy is the development of robust optimization algorithms which can efficiently correct the wavefront from stochastic raw STORM images. Here we present the implementation of a particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach with a Fourier metric for real-time correction of wavefront aberrations during STORM acquisition. We apply our approach to imaging boutons 100 μm deep inside the central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila melanogaster larvae achieving a resolution of 146 nm.

Forma clínica e fatores de risco associados ao estrabismo na binocularidade visual

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Maria Nice Araujo Moraes Rocha

2016-02-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar e analisar fatores de risco associados ao estrabismo, dados oftalmológicos e antecedentes pessoais e familiares. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, descritivo e analítico realizado com 240 pacientes que consultaram pela primeira vez nos ambulatórios de estrabismo. Foram avaliadas a frequência e associação entre estrabismo, dados de exames oftalmológicos e antecedentes pessoais e familiares para identificação dos fatores de risco. Resultados: Observou-se maior prevalência de estrabismo em mulheres (56,96% em relação aos homens (43,02%. A faixa etária mais atendida no ambulatório de estrabismo foi composta de crianças até 15 anos de idade (83,54%. Encontrou-se mais esotropia (55,27% que exotropia (42,20% e parcela menor de estrabismo vertical isolado (2,53%. A prematuridade foi associada ao estrabismo convergente (p=0,023 e não ao divergente (p=0,086. O diabetes mellitus materno foi associado à esotropia (p=0,024 e exotropia (p=0,036 no filho, mas a hipertensão arterial materna, uso de medicamentos para hipertensão e diabetes durante a gravidez e drogas ilícitas não foram estatisticamente significativos. Pacientes com paralisia cerebral tiveram mais associação com exotropia (p=0,008 que esotropia (p=0,019. Malformações congênitas, consanguinidade entre os pais e traumas oculares não apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa para o estrabismo. A maioria dos pacientes com estrabismo apresentou boa acuidade visual corrigida e fundoscopia normal. Na análise de proporções a hipermetropia foi mais frequente na esotropia (68,7%. Conclusão: Os fatores de riscos internos e externos podem interferir na formação e desenvolvimento do olho na fase de plasticidade ocular, com prejuízo da binocularidade visual, podendo resultar em estrabismo. Há divergências com relação aos fatores de risco realmente associados e mais estudos são necessários para a identificação.

Avaliação da sensibilidade da goiabeira 'Pedro Sato' ao ozônio

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Regina Maria de Moraes

2011-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade da goiabeira 'Pedro Sato' ao ozônio (O3, em comparação à cultivar Paluma, descrita como sensível. Oito plantas de cada cultivar foram submetidas separadamente a ar filtrado e a ar filtrado + O3, cinco horas por dia, durante quatro dias. Foram avaliadas fotossíntese (Asat, injúrias foliares visíveis e concentração de antocianinas e taninos. Plantas das duas cultivares também foram expostas, durante três meses, a condições ambientais em local contaminado por O3, tendo-se avaliado fotossíntese, injúrias foliares e crescimento. Plantas fumigadas com O3 apresentaram redução de Asat e da atividade fotoquímica, além de manifestação de injúrias foliares. 'Paluma' apresentou maior redução de Asat, injúrias foliares mais severas e redução de taninos. Quando exposta ao ambiente contaminado, 'Paluma' apresentou trocas gasosas mais altas, mas apresentou redução de Asat 30 dias antes que 'Pedro Sato'. O crescimento não foi afetado em 'Pedro Sato', cujas injúrias foliares tiveram menor incidência, severidade e precocidade do que em 'Paluma'. A menor taxa de crescimento de 'Paluma' indica maior sensibilidade ao O3. Apesar de responder com menor intensidade ao estresse induzido pelo O3, a cultivar Pedro Sato não pode ser considerada tolerante, pois apresenta danos fotoquímicos, injúrias foliares e alterações nos conteúdos de metabólitos secundários quando exposta a esse poluente.

O direito penal na regulaçao da vida e da morte ante a biotecnologia

OpenAIRE

Minahim, Maria Auxiliadora

2005-01-01

A sociedade pós-industrial tem testemunhado, nas últimas décadas, um desenvolvimento tecnológico e científico que ocorre em velocidade e intensidade superiores ao verificado ao longo de toda a trajetória da humanidade. Este fenômeno produz, como não podia deixa de ser, profundas alterações nas relações humanas. As novas tecnologias têm modificado profundamente o perfil da sociedade, afetando relações, tensionando crenças e valores. Este desenvolvimento tem proposto uma reflexão sobre os limit...

Risk of loss power for ATWT in Daya Bay and Ling'ao nuclear power stations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo Cheng

2010-01-01

In order to analyze the differences between the Anticipated Transient Without Reactor Trip (ATWT) and other reactor protection methods, this paper analyzes in detail the realizing means of ATWT and the effect of lost of power supply on the units based on Daya Bay and Ling'ao Nuclear Power Stations by system wiring diagram. Based on the comprehensive analysis,this paper proposes the sequence for powering when recovering the power source after ATWT power supply (LCC/LNE) loss for Daya Bay and Ling'ao Nuclear Power Stations. (authors)

Adaptação das plantas ao fogo: enfoque na transição floresta - campo

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Heringer Ingrid

2001-01-01

Full Text Available A presença de campos entremeados pela floresta de araucária, na região do planalto meridional sul brasileiro, surpreende os estudiosos, pois a vigorar o clima atual, de maiores precipitações, a tendência seria o desenvolvimento de vegetação florestal. Os distúrbios, sobretudo a interação fogo-pastejo, e as baixas temperaturas da região, são os grandes responsáveis pelos limites e expansão da floresta latifoliada, e predomínio daquele tipo de vegetação. A vegetação campestre e arbórea submetida por longo período a fogos recorrentes desenvolveu uma série de estratégias no sentido de tolerar, evitar ou responder ao fogo. A resposta individual das plantas ao fogo envolve alterações morfológicas e fisiológicas, enquanto, na comunidade, observam-se mudanças na dinâmica da associação entre espécies. Na vegetação campestre, as gramíneas são o componente da comunidade mais tolerante ao fogo, devido ao contínuo crescimento dos meristemas intercalares e de novos afilhos que crescem protegidos no solo ou na bainha de folhas velhas. O fogo estimula o florescimento em plantas cuja forma de crescimento evita grande perda de material na queima. Também promove a liberação de sementes através do choque térmico ou de substâncias liberadas na fumaça. Na comunidade, os efeitos do fogo sobre as plantas são sentidos em relação ao modo de sobrevivência, natureza e localização dos tecidos regenerados. O comportamento das plantas em relação à queima pode ser como dependentes (estímulo à reprodução, resistentes (estímulo ao rebrote, ou plantas que evitam o fogo (ciclo anual. Portanto, o fogo tem complexos efeitos sobre a estrutura da vegetação, sendo que espécies vegetais sensíveis e tolerantes à queima tem diferentes sítios de preferência no ambiente.

Hepatotoxicidade associada ao uso de esteroides anabolizantes

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Mónica Brinquinho

2017-06-01

Full Text Available O consumo de esteroides androgénicos anabolizantes tem vindo a aumentar no meio desportivo amador, sendo de fácil acesso apesar de se tratarem de substâncias proibidas. Estão descritos múltiplos efeitos laterais, sendo a hepatotoxicidade uma das mais reportadas. Apresentam-se dois casos clínicos representativos da lesão hepática associada ao consumo de esteroides anabolizantes. Ambos evidenciaram morbilidade significativa, embora nenhum deles tenha evoluído para falência hepática. Os autores pretendem chamar a atenção para o consumo destes fármacos, particularmente frequente em indivíduos jovens, praticantes de desporto amador.

Modelo do processo decisório: do planejamento de marketing ao planejamento de mídia

OpenAIRE

Pizzinatto, Nadia Kassouf

2010-01-01

Trata do Processo Decisório desenvolvido por todos aqueles que se envolvem no Planejamento de Marketing, como ponto de partida para se chegar ao Plano de Midia. Aborda as variáveis inseridas no processo e a metodologia utilizada, tanto pelos profissionais bibliográfica. Formula, por fim, orientação com base heurística, um modelo normativo prescritivo do processo decisão que, partindo do Planejamento de Marketing, leva ao Planejamento de Midia.

The biological characterization of 99mTc-BnAO-NI as a SPECT probe for imaging hypoxia in a sarcoma-bearing mouse model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hsia, Chien-Chung; Huang, Fu-Lei; Hung, Guang-Uei; Shen, Lie-Hang; Chen, Chuan-Lin; Wang, Hsin-Ell

2011-01-01

Objectives: Tumor growth beyond the region where vascular oxygen can reach creates a hypoxic domain. In this study, BnAO, a ligand that had been labeled with 99m Tc-pertechnetate for hypoxia imaging, was conjugated with 2-nitroimidazole to give 3,3,10,10-tetramethyl-1-(2-nitro-1H-imidazo-1-y1)-4,9-diazadodecane-2,11- dionedioxime (BnAO-NI) as a potential ligand for hypoxia detection. Pentoxifylline is a peripheral vasodilator and has been used as a radiosensitizer in tumor radiotherapy. 99m Tc-BnAO-NI/SPECT was applied to noninvasively assess the pharmacological effect of pentoxifylline in reducing tumor hypoxia in vivo. Methods: BnAO-NI was synthesized and formulated with methylene diphosphonate (MDP), stannous chloride and carbonate buffer to afford kits. After mixing with 99m Tc-pertechnetate, 99m Tc-BnAO-NI injection can be readily prepared. The partition coefficient, radiochemical purity and in vitro stability were determined. Cellular uptake of radiotracers in KHT cells under hypoxia was conducted in a CO 2 incubator at 37 o C under hypoxia or normoxia. A biodistribution study after intravenous injection of 99m Tc-BnAO-NI in KHT sarcoma-implanted C3H mice was performed. The effect of pentoxifylline (100 mg/kg) on reducing tumor hypoxia was also studied. Results: The radiochemical purity (RCP) of the 99m Tc-BnAO-NI preparation was greater than 96% and stable at ambient temperature for 24 h (RCP>90%). The accumulation of 99m Tc-BnAO-NI and 99m Tc-BnAO in KHT cells under hypoxia were 3.57 and 4.13-fold higher than those under normoxic environment, indicating unambiguous oxygen-dependent uptakes of these two probes. The distribution of 99m Tc-BnAO-NI in KHT sarcoma-bearing mice revealed rapid clearance from the blood circulation. The tumor uptake peaked at 2 h post-injection (0.32±0.05%ID/g) with tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios of 10.32 and 3.96, respectively. The effect of pentoxifylline on the tumor blood perfusion was obvious. The tumor

Refutações ao feminismo: (descompassos da cultura letrada brasileira

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Rita Terezinha Schmidt

2006-09-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-026X2006000300011 Ao considerar a força do discurso antifeminista no Brasil, examino como esse discurso aparece no âmbito do jornalismo cultural para então tecer algumas relações com a história social brasileira à luz da qual é possível compreender por que o feminismo como práxis transformadora parece tão fora dos hábitos do país. Procuro sustentar meu argumento a partir da leitura de obras de pensadores da história e da cultura brasileiras considerados “de esquerda” ao mesmo tempo em que pontuo os limites de suas análises, ou seja, o silenciamento sobre a opressão das mulheres e questões de gênero. A seguir, examino a persistência de diversas formas do antifeminismo no campo das Letras a fim de compreender o estatuto da crítica feminista no campo dos estudos literários e as razões de sua invisibilidade, com considerações sobre conquistas e limitações de suas práticas.

Do corpo histérico ao "corpus" teórico

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Francisco Ramos de Farias

1992-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudo aborda a maneira pela qual Freud, de forma original, efetuou uma leitura no corpo-sintoma da histérica e construiu uma clínica inédita destinada ao tratamento das neuroses. Esta clínica, fundada na transferência, é suportada pelo edifício teórico que tem o inconsciente e a sexualidade como paradigmas.

Adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo: análise pelo Teste de Morisky-Green*

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Letícia Palota Eid

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Considerando que a adesão ao tratamento é um desafio para o controle da hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS, este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os sujeitos da pesquisa segundo as variáveis sóciodemograficas e econômicas e avaliar o nível de adesão pelo Teste de Morisky-Green. Trata-se de estudo descritivo transversal de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 90 hipertensos em um Centro de Saúde. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi o Teste de Morisky-Green (TMG. Os resultados mostraram que 63,0% da amostra eram mulheres e a média de idade foi de 66 anos, sendo que 72,2% não apresentaram adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso, corroborando pesquisas realizadas sobre adesão. Conclui-se que este estudo pode proporcionar subsídios para intervenções sobre a assistência aos pacientes com HAS, com a finalidade de aumentar as taxas de adesão e a qualidade de vida.

A crítica de Charles Taylor ao naturalismo na Ciência Política

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Tiago Losso

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Os mais recentes esforços de revitalização do enfoque interpretativo na Ciência Política têm sua gênese na década de 1960, quando vários autores passaram a advogar a centralidade do estudo dos significados lingüístico e hermenêutico dos fenômenos políticos. Dentre tais autores, destaca-se o filósofo e politólogo Charles Taylor, cujos textos dos anos 1960 e 1970 desferem críticas contundentes ao naturalismo subjacente ao mainstream da Ciência Política da época. Meu objetivo é explorar a crítica de Taylor ao naturalismo, pensadas no contexto de uma proposta de abordagem interpretativa para a Ciência Política. Primeiramente, contextualizarei as contribuições de Taylor no âmbito mais amplo do interpretive turn nas Ciências Sociais. Em seguida, sumarizarei as reservas que Quentin Skinner e Clifford Geertz apresentam à crítica de Taylor.

Adesão e não-adesão ao tratamento farmacológico para depressão

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Marines de Fátima Cunha

Full Text Available O presente estudo objetivou compreender aspectos relacionados à adesão e a não-adesão ao tratamento farmacológico para depressão, envolvendo usuários e ex-usuários de um serviço público de saúde mental. Foram entrevistados, individualmente, 24 pacientes (12 aderentes e 12 não aderentes ao tratamento medicamentoso para depressão. Por meio da análise de conteúdo das entrevistas, identificou-se que o fenômeno da adesão/não-adesão estaria inter-relacionado a aspectos intrapessoais, interpessoais e ao contexto do tratamento do paciente. Os resultados fomentaram reflexões acerca do papel de equipes de saúde mental no incremento da adesão ao tratamento, bem como da necessidade de uma maior consideração do indivíduo, da família e do atendimento prestado pela instituição.

Searching for resistance genes to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus using high throughput screening

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Santos Carla S

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Pine wilt disease (PWD, caused by the pinewood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, damages and kills pine trees and is causing serious economic damage worldwide. Although the ecological mechanism of infestation is well described, the plant’s molecular response to the pathogen is not well known. This is due mainly to the lack of genomic information and the complexity of the disease. High throughput sequencing is now an efficient approach for detecting the expression of genes in non-model organisms, thus providing valuable information in spite of the lack of the genome sequence. In an attempt to unravel genes potentially involved in the pine defense against the pathogen, we hereby report the high throughput comparative sequence analysis of infested and non-infested stems of Pinus pinaster (very susceptible to PWN and Pinus pinea (less susceptible to PWN. Results Four cDNA libraries from infested and non-infested stems of P. pinaster and P. pinea were sequenced in a full 454 GS FLX run, producing a total of 2,083,698 reads. The putative amino acid sequences encoded by the assembled transcripts were annotated according to Gene Ontology, to assign Pinus contigs into Biological Processes, Cellular Components and Molecular Functions categories. Most of the annotated transcripts corresponded to Picea genes-25.4-39.7%, whereas a smaller percentage, matched Pinus genes, 1.8-12.8%, probably a consequence of more public genomic information available for Picea than for Pinus. The comparative transcriptome analysis showed that when P. pinaster was infested with PWN, the genes malate dehydrogenase, ABA, water deficit stress related genes and PAR1 were highly expressed, while in PWN-infested P. pinea, the highly expressed genes were ricin B-related lectin, and genes belonging to the SNARE and high mobility group families. Quantitative PCR experiments confirmed the differential gene expression between the two pine species

Searching for resistance genes to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus using high throughput screening

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-01

Background Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pinewood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), damages and kills pine trees and is causing serious economic damage worldwide. Although the ecological mechanism of infestation is well described, the plant’s molecular response to the pathogen is not well known. This is due mainly to the lack of genomic information and the complexity of the disease. High throughput sequencing is now an efficient approach for detecting the expression of genes in non-model organisms, thus providing valuable information in spite of the lack of the genome sequence. In an attempt to unravel genes potentially involved in the pine defense against the pathogen, we hereby report the high throughput comparative sequence analysis of infested and non-infested stems of Pinus pinaster (very susceptible to PWN) and Pinus pinea (less susceptible to PWN). Results Four cDNA libraries from infested and non-infested stems of P. pinaster and P. pinea were sequenced in a full 454 GS FLX run, producing a total of 2,083,698 reads. The putative amino acid sequences encoded by the assembled transcripts were annotated according to Gene Ontology, to assign Pinus contigs into Biological Processes, Cellular Components and Molecular Functions categories. Most of the annotated transcripts corresponded to Picea genes-25.4-39.7%, whereas a smaller percentage, matched Pinus genes, 1.8-12.8%, probably a consequence of more public genomic information available for Picea than for Pinus. The comparative transcriptome analysis showed that when P. pinaster was infested with PWN, the genes malate dehydrogenase, ABA, water deficit stress related genes and PAR1 were highly expressed, while in PWN-infested P. pinea, the highly expressed genes were ricin B-related lectin, and genes belonging to the SNARE and high mobility group families. Quantitative PCR experiments confirmed the differential gene expression between the two pine species. Conclusions Defense-related genes

Atenção ao Suicídio

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Berenice Rheinreimer

2015-11-01

Full Text Available De acordo com a OMS a cada ano ocorrem 1 milhão de mortes causadas por suicídio, número maior que a soma das mortes causadas por guerras e homicídios (1. Até 2030, as mortes por suicídio podem chegar a 1 milhão e quinhentos mil, caso sejam mantidos os índices de crescimento atuais (2, 3. Para cada morte, ocorrem de 10 a 40 tentativas de suicídio, ou seja, 10 a 40 milhões de tentativas de suicídio ao ano (4.

Introdución ao laboratorio químico

OpenAIRE

Rumbo Gómez, Antonio

2010-01-01

A materia inclúese no primeiro ano de estudo da titulación de Enxeñería Técnica Industrial especialidade de Química Industrial. Impártese no primeiro cuadrimestre e é o primeiro contacto que ten o alumnado co laboratorio de química, polo que se considera de indubidable interese o estudo de certos conceptos básicos desta area. Os conceptos desta unidade didáctica serán aplicables a todos os laboratorios que o alumnado terá que realizar ao longo da titulación noutras materias práctic...

A saúde do trabalhador como direito humano fundamental ao meio ambiente artificial do trabalho equilibrado: o estrabismo do adicional de insalubridade

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Rodrigo Guilherme Tomaz

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Remontando os primórdios das relações trabalhistas, vemos que a gênese do meio ambiente do trabalho demonstrou-se extremamente desequilibrado, o que futuramente fez-se surgir alguns adicionais acrescidos ao salário base do trabalhador em virtude deste meio. A saúde do trabalhador esta intrinsecamente ligado ao meio ambiente laborativo ao qual desempenha suas atividades profissionais. Esse ambiente artificial do trabalho é protegido constitucionalmente e deve, a princípio, ser equilibrado, proporcionando condições hábeis para que esse ambiente seja sadio. O estrabismo apresenta-se justamente pela forma distorcida que o empregado imagina estar tutelado juridicamente ao receber adicionais de insalubridade e/ou periculosidade alimentando a falsa sensação de proteção. Através do estudo de alguns institutos jurídicos de direito constitucional, direito do trabalho e direitos coletivos, delineia-se os valores sociais do trabalho e os direitos coletivos frente ao meio ambiente do trabalho desequilibrado, verificando a ineficácia das garantias constitucionais e a flagrante violação dos direitos humanos fundamentais assegurados aos trabalhadores.

Depois do 11 de setembro: a (inconveniência da guerra ao terror

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Felipe Mellini

2011-09-01

Full Text Available

Depois dos ataques de 11 de setembro de 2001, a retórica oficial dos EUA de guerra ao terror legitimou a sua política imperial e serviu de diretriz à sua Política Externa durante o governo Bush, que adotou o terrorismo islâmico como novo inimigo ao modo de vida americano. A invenção oficial de um inimigo conveniente, organizado em rede, serviu para justificar a realização de uma política de ataques preemptivos como pretexto para a intervenção nas regiões do planeta em que os interesses estratégicos dos EUA estivessem em jogo.

Phytochemical analysis of Pinus eldarica bark

Science.gov (United States)

Iravani, S.; Zolfaghari, B.

2014-01-01

Bark extract of Pinus pinaster contains numerous phenolic compounds such as catechins, taxifolin, and phenolic acids. These compounds have received considerable attentions because of their anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, antimetastatic and high antioxidant activities. Although P. pinaster bark has been intensely investigated in the past; there is comparably less information available in the literature in regard to P. eldarica bark. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of P. eldarica commonly found in Iran. A reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of catechin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and taxifolin in P. pinaster and P. eldarica was developed. A mixture of 0.1% formic acid in deionized water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase, and chromatographic separation was achieved on a Nova pack C18 at 280 nm. The two studied Pinus species contained high amounts of polyphenolic compounds. Among four marker compounds, the main substances identified in P. pinaster and P. eldarica were taxifolin and catechin, respectively. Furthermore, the composition of the bark oil of P. eldarica obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). Thirty-three compounds accounting for 95.1 % of the oil were identified. The oils consisted mainly of mono- and sesquiterpenoid fractions, especially α-pinene (24.6%), caryophyllene oxide (14.0%), δ-3-carene (10.7%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (7.9%), and myrtenal (3.1%). PMID:25657795

Avaliação da vulnerabilidade aos perigos naturais: o caso do estado do Ceará, Brasil

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João Luís Sampaio Olímpio

2017-09-01

Full Text Available A avaliação da vulnerabilidade pode ser entendida como uma estimativa da capacidade dos grupos sociais de resistir e de adaptar-se às adversidades, bem como de promover o seu bem-estar. Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo da presente investigação é determinar os níveis de vulnerabilidade aos perigos naturais. Adotou-se um foco quantitativo que buscou aferir os graus de vulnerabilidade através de um índice que integrou indicadores demográficos, sociais, econômicos e de acesso aos serviços básicos. Como área de estudo foram selecionados os municípios do estado do Ceará, devido ao registro histórico de desastres naturais. Os dados foram levantados ao nível municipal e trabalhados com o uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento e da estatística, bem como da análise dos  processos socioespaciais. Constatou-se que há o predomínio da classe de vulnerabilidade mediana com 47,3% dos municípios e que dez municípios possuem vulnerabilidade muito alta. A metodologia mostrou-se eficiente podendo ser adaptada para outros contextos geográficos.

O exercício do estudar nos cursinhos destinados aos concursos públicos

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Leonardo Del Puppo Luz

2008-06-01

Full Text Available O artigo discute o processo de produção da subjetividade contemporânea elaborado sobre o Estudar em alunos de cursinhos destinados aos concursos públicos. Procura-se discutir as tecnologias de poder, sobretudo na relação saber-poder, engendradas nestes "ambientes educacionais", já que tais construções sobre o Estudar produzem e perpetuam a manifestação de conceitos absolutos e verdadeiros de se pensar o estudo por meio de técnicas e procedimentos de funcionamentos ideais e idealizados. Busca-se problematizar este modelo homogêneo baseado no tecnicismo do estudar e nas falas sobre o verdadeiro visando colocar em análise o estereótipo do "fracasso" atrelado aos alunos vinculados a estes locais.

Avaliação do tempo para acesso ao tratamento do câncer de mama no Distrito Federal

OpenAIRE

Barros, Ângela Ferreira [UNESP

2011-01-01

A alta taxa de mortalidade do câncer de mama em países em desenvolvimento é associada à falta de programas de detecção precoce, ao retardo no diagnóstico e tratamento, bem como às dificuldades para acesso aos serviços de saúde. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar artigos que associaram o retardo no diagnóstico e tratamento com a evolução do câncer de mama, verificar os fatores associados ao atraso e apontar sugestões para minimizar o atraso no diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer de mama. F...

The Effectiveness of a Mixed-Mode Survey on Domestic Violence in Curaçao: Response and Data Quality

Science.gov (United States)

van Wijk, Nikil; de Leeuw, Edith; de Bruijn, Jeanne

2015-01-01

To collect reliable statistical data on domestic violence in Curaçao, we conducted a large-scale quantitative study (n = 816). To meet with the special needs of the population and topic, we designed a tailored mixed-mode survey to assess the prevalence of domestic violence in Curaçao and its health consequences. Great care was taken to reduce…

O multimédia ao serviço das indústrias criativas e culturais

OpenAIRE

Tenazinha, Ana Mafalda Sousa Ligeiro Guerreiro, 1988-

2013-01-01

Dissertação de mestrado em Comunicação Multimédia, Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa, 2013. Exame público realizado em 27 de Junho de 2013. As inovações trazidas ao contexto digital e o multimédia em particular trouxeram múltiplas alterações ao modo de vida contemporâneo. Estas alterações, que se reflectiram directamente na mudança de hábitos sociais e de consumo, trouxeram consigo a reformulação de processos de produção, distribuição e divulgação de bens e serviços em geral. Esta inves...

COMPOSITIONS CHIMIQUES, PROPRIETES ANTIMICROBIENNES ET ANTIOXYDANTES DES HUILES ESSENTIELLES DES RACINES DE TROIS PINACEAE D’ALGERIE

OpenAIRE

SELADJI, Dalila

2014-01-01

The composition of the essential oils isolated from the roots of Pinus halepensis, P. pinaster, and P. pinea grown in Algeria were investigated by GC and GC/MS. The oil of P. halepensis was found to be rich in monoterpenes hydrocarbons (93.2 %), with α-pinene (87.4 %) being the major component. The most abundant compounds in P. pinaster oil were α-pinene (22.0 %), β-pinene (27.1 %) and trans-p-caryophyllene (21.4 %), while the oil of P. pinea contained limonene (66.3%) as a maj...

CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA DE PINO PROCEDENTE DE RALEOS EN EL NOROESTE DE ESPAÑA

OpenAIRE

Riesco Muñoz,G; Díaz González,J

2007-01-01

Se estudió la densidad, contracción, higroscopicidad y punto de saturación de la pared celular en la madera de ejemplares jóvenes de tres especies importantes en la producción maderera española: Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris y Pinus radiata. Se muestrearon 29 pinos procedentes de raleos efectuados en diferentes masas forestales de Galicia (noroeste de España). El material de ensayo fueron probetas de pequeñas dimensiones sin defectos. La madera de Pinus pinaster resultó semipesada y más in...

The Rise of Women's Rights in Curaçao : The potential of the Women's Convention to the empowerment and equal rights of women in Curaçao

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Rodriguez, A.M.L.

2015-01-01

In this study ways are put forward for implementing the standards and norms in the Women’s Convention at the national level of Curaçao. The central question is how this Convention can be used as a tool to improve the position of women. Special attention is paid to the implementation of the

Progress in the mechanization of mating disruption deployment

Science.gov (United States)

The American Cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton (Ericaceae) is the most important fruit crop in Wisconsin, accounting for almost 85% of the states total value of fruit production. A challenge faced by cranberry growers is managing for insect pests that cause economic damage. Presently, growers u...

Cranberry vulnerability statement

Science.gov (United States)

Cranberries, Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton, are native to North America. The U.S. is the world’s largest producer with Canada and Chile also producing significant quantities. The top producing states are Wisconsin, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Washington, Oregon, and Maine. In 2016, production was 683.7...

The biological characterization of {sup 99m}Tc-BnAO-NI as a SPECT probe for imaging hypoxia in a sarcoma-bearing mouse model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hsia, Chien-Chung [Institute of Biomedical imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan (China); Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taiwan (China); Huang, Fu-Lei [Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taiwan (China); Hung, Guang-Uei [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang-Bing Show Chwan Hospital, Taiwan (China); Shen, Lie-Hang [Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taiwan (China); Chen, Chuan-Lin, E-mail: clchen2@ym.edu.t [Institute of Biomedical imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan (China); Wang, Hsin-Ell, E-mail: hewang@ym.edu.t [Institute of Biomedical imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan (China)

2011-04-15

Objectives: Tumor growth beyond the region where vascular oxygen can reach creates a hypoxic domain. In this study, BnAO, a ligand that had been labeled with {sup 99m}Tc-pertechnetate for hypoxia imaging, was conjugated with 2-nitroimidazole to give 3,3,10,10-tetramethyl-1-(2-nitro-1H-imidazo-1-y1)-4,9-diazadodecane-2,11- dionedioxime (BnAO-NI) as a potential ligand for hypoxia detection. Pentoxifylline is a peripheral vasodilator and has been used as a radiosensitizer in tumor radiotherapy. {sup 99m}Tc-BnAO-NI/SPECT was applied to noninvasively assess the pharmacological effect of pentoxifylline in reducing tumor hypoxia in vivo. Methods: BnAO-NI was synthesized and formulated with methylene diphosphonate (MDP), stannous chloride and carbonate buffer to afford kits. After mixing with {sup 99m}Tc-pertechnetate, {sup 99m}Tc-BnAO-NI injection can be readily prepared. The partition coefficient, radiochemical purity and in vitro stability were determined. Cellular uptake of radiotracers in KHT cells under hypoxia was conducted in a CO{sub 2} incubator at 37 {sup o}C under hypoxia or normoxia. A biodistribution study after intravenous injection of {sup 99m}Tc-BnAO-NI in KHT sarcoma-implanted C3H mice was performed. The effect of pentoxifylline (100 mg/kg) on reducing tumor hypoxia was also studied. Results: The radiochemical purity (RCP) of the {sup 99m}Tc-BnAO-NI preparation was greater than 96% and stable at ambient temperature for 24 h (RCP>90%). The accumulation of {sup 99m}Tc-BnAO-NI and {sup 99m}Tc-BnAO in KHT cells under hypoxia were 3.57 and 4.13-fold higher than those under normoxic environment, indicating unambiguous oxygen-dependent uptakes of these two probes. The distribution of {sup 99m}Tc-BnAO-NI in KHT sarcoma-bearing mice revealed rapid clearance from the blood circulation. The tumor uptake peaked at 2 h post-injection (0.32{+-}0.05%ID/g) with tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios of 10.32 and 3.96, respectively. The effect of pentoxifylline on the

Fatores associados ao óbito de motociclistas nas ocorrências de trânsito

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Nelson Luiz Batista de Oliveira

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Para identificar fatores associados ao óbito em motociclistas envolvidos em ocorrências de trânsito, em Maringá-PR, foi realizado estudo retrospectivo incluindo os motociclistas envolvidos em acidentes no ano de 2004. As fontes de dados foram os registros da Polícia Militar, do SIATE e do Instituto Médico Legal. Foram realizadas análises bivariadas e regressão logística binária. Identificaram-se 2.362 motociclistas nos Boletins de Ocorrência e, destes, 1.743 tinham registros nos Relatórios de Atendimento do Socorrista. As vítimas fatais diferiram das demais quanto à faixa etária, ao local de residência, ao tempo de habilitação e as suas condições fisiológicas na cena da ocorrência. No modelo final permaneceram as seguintes variáveis: Escala de Coma de Glasgow (ECGl, Revised Trauma Score (RTS, pulso e saturação de O2 no sangue. As condições fisiológicas das vítimas na cena do acidente se destacaram no modelo final e a ECGl superou o RTS na associação com óbito.

Aspect-Oriented Business Process Modeling with AO4BPMN

Science.gov (United States)

Charfi, Anis; Müller, Heiko; Mezini, Mira

Many crosscutting concerns in business processes need to be addressed already at the business process modeling level such as compliance, auditing, billing, and separation of duties. However, existing business process modeling languages including OMG's Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) lack appropriate means for expressing such concerns in a modular way. In this paper, we motivate the need for aspect-oriented concepts in business process modeling languages and propose an aspect-oriented extension to BPMN called AO4BPMN. We also present a graphical editor supporting that extension.

Demandas de cuidado domiciliar da criança nascida exposta ao HIV na ótica da teoria ambientalista

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Ivana Cristina Vieira de Lima

Full Text Available Objetivou-se identificar as demandas de cuidado domiciliar da criança nascida exposta ao HIV, sob a perspectiva da teoria ambientalista. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo exploratório-descritivo realizado de janeiro a abril de 2011. Participaram dez mães infectadas pelo HIV, com crianças nascidas expostas ao vírus, em Fortaleza, Ceará. Constituíram-se como instrumentos de coleta de dados: câmera fotográfica descartável e digital e formulários para captação de informações em saúde associadas ao ambiente domiciliar. Os resultados foram contextualizados de acordo com a teoria e organizados em categorias: "vulnerabilidades associadas à estrutura física da moradia"; "ar intradomiciliar e peridomiciliar impuro"; "água utilizada para consumo"; "rede de esgoto e saneamento"; "iluminação e ventilação da residência". Conclui-se que o ambiente domiciliar oferece condições ambientais desfavoráveis para a criança. Urge a realização de intervenções focalizadas no ambiente domiciliar, para promover a saúde da criança nascida exposta ao HIV.

Alergia ao látex e a frutas em profissionais da área da saúde

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Marin Flávia Andréia

2003-01-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A alergia ao látex tornou-se um risco crescente aos indivíduos expostos, como os profissionais da área da saúde, tendo como agravo a associação com hipersensibilidade a vários alimentos, especialmente frutas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a freqüência de sensibilização ao látex e a frutas em profissionais da área da saúde. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 53 profissionais da saúde, 81,9% do sexo feminino, aplicando-se questionário alergológico e testes cutâneos por puntura para alérgenos inaláveis, do látex e de frutas (mamão papaia, kiwi, abacate, banana, figo, tomate, noz. RESULTADOS: Dos 53 indivíduos estudados, 15 (28,5% eram alérgicos ao látex. A sensibilidade a frutas foi diagnosticada em 14 (26,4%, dos quais 10 (18,8% apresentavam teste por puntura positivo para o látex; as frutas alergênicas mais freqüentes foram papaia (80,0%, kiwi (60,0% e abacate (50,0%. CONCLUSÃO: Estes achados demonstram a existência da alergia látex-fruta, como descrito na literatura, sendo de suma importância uma avaliação in vivo em profissionais da área de saúde, caracterizados como potencial grupo de risco.

Acesso ao medicamento por via judicial na perspectiva dos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde

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Virginia Oliveira Chagas

2013-12-01

Full Text Available O acesso aos medicamentos por meio de ações judiciais tem ocorrido com frequência nas três esferas de gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde, sendo legitimada pela garantia do direito universal e integral à saúde e é considerada uma via alternativa. Essa crescente demanda tem provocado muitas discussões entre juristas, gestores e profissionais de saúde, visto que pode interferir na gestão da assistência farmacêutica gerando gastos não previstos e comprometendo o orçamento para a saúde. Optou-se por desenvolver um estudo de caso qualitativo com o objetivo de descrever a perspectiva dos usuários sobre o acesso ao medicamento por via judicial no município de Jataí, Goiás. Participaram do estudo oito pacientes e seis familiares. Os dados foram coletados de janeiro a agosto de 2012, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e análise documental dos processos judiciais. A experiência de busca pela via judicial esteve relacionada à falta de informação oferecida aos usuários, ao bom acolhimento dos profissionais do Judiciário e a resolutividade. Ficou evidente que, para o usuário, o acolhimento e a informação esclarecedora é imprescindível para tomada de consciência sobre a seriedade nesse processo de garantia do direito ao acesso ao medicamento. Em contrapartida, é preciso melhorar o processo comunicativo entre usuários e profissionais de saúde por meio de uma relação dialógica empática, respeitosa que possibilite a troca de experiências e o exercício da alteridade garantindo com isso ações integradas que atendam às necessidades individuais e coletivas para promoção da saúde.

COOPERAÇÃO JURÍDICA INTERNACIONAL NOS PROTOCOLOS INTERNACIONAIS DE COMBATE AO TRÁFICO DE PESSOA

OpenAIRE

Dornelas, Luciano Ferreira

2011-01-01

O trabalho está focado na cooperação jurídica internacional, especificamente na modalidade de auxílio direto, ferramenta essencial de combate ao tráfico internacional de pessoa para fins de exploração sexual. O pedido de auxílio direto ganhou notável força nos tratados celebrados pela República Federativa do Brasil, mediante a designação das chamadas Autoridades Centrais, no corpo das convenções internacionais, com a finalidade de agilizar o envio das respostas aos pedidos d...

Dispêndios com alimentos no Brasil: uma contribuição ao estudo da forma funcional

OpenAIRE

Ikehara, Hideharu Carlos; Universidade Estadual de Londrina

1982-01-01

  Contribuição ao estudo das formas funcionais de demanda agregada de alimentos, utilizando dados de corte seccional do ENDEF, a técnica de Box-Cox e modelos tradicionais de demanda. Resultados mostraram que o emprego de formas funcionais arbitrárias tende a produzir erros de estimação em até 552%, Verificou-se, também, que resultados obtidos com o procedimento de Box-Cox, são perfeitamente coerentes com as expectativas a priori e com evidência empírica, permitindo um ajustamento superior ao ...

Decisões judiciais sobre acesso aos medicamentos em Pernambuco

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Artur Stamford

2012-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar as decisões do sistema jurídico sobre acesso da população a medicamentos no Sistema Único de Saúde por via judicial quanto a critérios de decisão e eventuais pressões políticas e econômicas. MÉTODOS: Estudo documental descritivo e retrospectivo de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada na Superintendência Estadual de Assistência Farmacêutica de Pernambuco, utilizando-se como fontes de dados 105 ações judiciais e relatórios administrativos de janeiro a junho de 2009. Verificaram-se os medicamentos com pedido ou carta patente no banco de dados do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial para identificar a frequência das patentes nas ações judiciais. Os dados obtidos foram classificados conforme o Sistema Anatômico Terapêutico Químico. Para análise das decisões judiciais, foi utilizada a teoria dos sistemas sociais autopoiéticos. RESULTADOS: As ações judiciais somaram 134 medicamentos com valor estimado de R$ 4,5 milhões para atender aos tratamentos solicitados; 70,9% dos medicamentos estavam com carta patente ou pedido e se concentraram em três classes terapêuticas: antineoplásicos e moduladores imunológicos, aparelho digestório e metabolismo, órgãos dos sentidos. Foram identificadas seis ideias centrais com os critérios de decisão dos magistrados (Constituição Federal e prescrição médica e as pressões entre os sistemas do direito, da economia e da política quanto ao acesso a medicamentos. CONCLUSÕES: A análise das decisões judiciais fundamentadas na teoria dos sistemas sociais autopoiéticos permitiu identificar as estimulações mútuas (dependências entre o sistema do direito e demais sistemas sociais em relação à questão do acesso dos cidadãos aos medicamentos. Essas dependências foram representadas pela Constituição Federal e pela propriedade intelectual. A Constituição Federal e a prescrição médica foram identificadas como

Perfil cognitivo aos sete anos de idade de crianças nascidas prematuras e com peso inferior a 1.500 gramas

OpenAIRE

Alexandre Ferreira Campos

2009-01-01

Objetivo: Conhecer o desempenho cognitivo, aos sete anos de idade, de crianças nascidas prematuras no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HC/UFMG), com idade gestacional até 34 semanas e peso ao nascimento inferior a 1500 gramas, adequado à idade gestacional. Essas crianças tiveram seguimento longitudinal interdisciplinar no Ambulatório da Criança de Risco (ACRIAR), e apresentavam inteligência e exame neurológico normais aos sete anos. Métodos: Participaram do estud...

Aditivos alternativos ao uso de antimicrobianos na alimentação de frangos de corte

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Felipe Santos Dalólio

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes aditivos alternativos aos antimicrobianos promotores de crescimento sobre o desempenho, o rendimento de carcaça e cortes e a qualidade da carne de frangos de corte no período de 1 a 42 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 480 pintainhas de corte da linhagem Cobb 500, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições de 20 aves cada. Foi avaliado na fase total de criação, 1 a 42 dias, o ganho de peso (GP, a conversão alimentar (CA, o consumo de ração (CR, a viabilidade criatória (VB e o índice de eficiência produtivo (IEP. O rendimento de carcaça e a qualidade da carne foi avaliado aos 42 dias de idade. Avaliou-se as características de perda de peso por cocção (PPC, a maciez objetiva (MO, a capacidade de retenção de água (CRA e o pH. Os parâmetros de desempenho, de rendimento de carcaça e cortes e de qualidade da carne não foram afetados pela suplementação dos diferentes tipos de aditivos alternativos aos antimicrobianos promotores de crescimento (P>0,05. Conclui-se que, os aditivos promotores de crescimento podem ser utilizados na alimentação de frangos de corte, em substituição ao antibiótico, sem comprometer o desempenho e características de carcaça, no período de 1 a 42 dias de idade.

Contribuições da Arte ao Atendimento Educacional Especializado e à Inclusão Escolar

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Libéria Rodrigues NEVES

Full Text Available RESUMO este texto objetiva propor uma discussão acerca das contribuições da Arte ao Atendimento Educacional Especializado, direcionado ao público-alvo da Educação Especial na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva. Com base na teoria da Cognição Imaginativa, busca-se apresentar a arte como área de conhecimento dotada de características que dialogam com os objetivos dos trabalhos desenvolvidos nas Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais, oferecidos aos alunos com deficiências, transtorno global do desenvolvimento e altas habilidades e três modelos de trabalho com Arte e Inclusão são relatados: 1 uma oficina desenvolvida na ONG Nosso Sonho (SP, reunindo seis crianças com paralisia cerebral, descrita em Tese de doutorado em Artes Visuais (Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo; 2 um livro que sistematiza quinze anos de trabalho do Instituto Rodrigo Mendes (RJ, que desenvolve projetos em arte-educação para sujeitos com e sem deficiência; e, 3 o trabalho da ONG Corpo Cidadão, que, em uma de suas unidades de educação social, desenvolve oficinas de arte com alunos de escola especial juntamente com alunos de escolas regulares, na grande Belo Horizonte. Enfocando a criação e imaginação como uma atividade humana, e não como uma faculdade dada a priori, o ensaio propõe que a arte deve ser um componente nas atividades desenvolvidas nos espaços de Atendimento Educacional Especializado, direcionadas, principalmente, aos alunos com deficiências intelectuais.

Robo-AO Kepler Survey. IV. The Effect of Nearby Stars on 3857 Planetary Candidate Systems

Science.gov (United States)

Ziegler, Carl; Law, Nicholas M.; Baranec, Christoph; Riddle, Reed; Duev, Dmitry A.; Howard, Ward; Jensen-Clem, Rebecca; Kulkarni, S. R.; Morton, Tim; Salama, Maïssa

2018-04-01

We present the overall statistical results from the Robo-AO Kepler planetary candidate survey, comprising of 3857 high-angular resolution observations of planetary candidate systems with Robo-AO, an automated laser adaptive optics system. These observations reveal previously unknown nearby stars blended with the planetary candidate host stars that alter the derived planetary radii or may be the source of an astrophysical false positive transit signal. In the first three papers in the survey, we detected 440 nearby stars around 3313 planetary candidate host stars. In this paper, we present observations of 532 planetary candidate host stars, detecting 94 companions around 88 stars; 84 of these companions have not previously been observed in high resolution. We also report 50 more-widely separated companions near 715 targets previously observed by Robo-AO. We derive corrected planetary radius estimates for the 814 planetary candidates in systems with a detected nearby star. If planetary candidates are equally likely to orbit the primary or secondary star, the radius estimates for planetary candidates in systems with likely bound nearby stars increase by a factor of 1.54, on average. We find that 35 previously believed rocky planet candidates are likely not rocky due to the presence of nearby stars. From the combined data sets from the complete Robo-AO KOI survey, we find that 14.5 ± 0.5% of planetary candidate hosts have a nearby star with 4″, while 1.2% have two nearby stars, and 0.08% have three. We find that 16% of Earth-sized, 13% of Neptune-sized, 14% of Saturn-sized, and 19% of Jupiter-sized planet candidates have detected nearby stars.

Microbiota cérvico-vaginal de ovelhas mestiças e sua susceptibilidade aos antibióticos

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Valdenice F. Silva

2011-07-01

Full Text Available A criação de ovinos tem se desenvolvido nas últimas décadas, entretanto ainda são escassas informações sobre a composição e potencial patogênico da microbiota cérvico-vaginal de ovelhas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer os microrganismos constituintes da microbiota cérvico-vaginal de ovelhas, bem como sua susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Foram realizadas coletas em 60 animais sadios, pertencentes a rebanhos de Petrolina e região. Foi realizado o isolamento bacteriano em ágar sangue e ágar MacConkey, sendo os microrganismos identificados de acordo com características morfológicas, tintoriais e bioquímicas. As amostras foram submetidas ao teste de difusão em disco para determinar o perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos: sulfametazina, enrofloxacina, doxiciclina, tetraciclina, penicilina, amoxicilina, cefalotina e lincomicina. Foram obtidos 94 isolados, sendo constatada uma maior frequência de Staphylococcus spp. (32,97%, Escherichia coli e Micrococcus spp., sendo observado ainda, isolados de Acinetobacter spp., Shigella spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. e Streptococcus spp. Os isolados apresentaram alta sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos testados sendo observado o menor percentual de sensibilidade para lincomicina. A presença de microrganismos oportunistas de potencial patogênico, na microbiota, como Staphylococcus spp e Escherichia coli, remete a uma análise criteriosa em relação ao diagnóstico de infecções genitais. Os isolados bacterianos obtidos neste estudo são sensíveis à maioria dos grupos de drogas antimicrobianas testadas, demonstrando o potencial de utilização desses princípios ativos, além da disponibilidade de escolha, visto a ausência de multirresistência.

Trabalho, racionalização e emancipação: de Marx ao Marxismo, e a volta

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Marcílio Rodrigues Lucas

Full Text Available Resumo Este ensaio propõe uma reflexão sobre a relação entre trabalho e emancipação no pensamento marxista, à luz dos dilemas enfrentados pela esquerda e pelas organizações da classe trabalhadora no século XX. O objetivo central foi indicar como importantes pensadores e grupos vinculados ao marxismo contribuíram, de diferentes formas, na formação das bases ideológicas e na constituição concreta dos dois modelos de organização da produção e da vida social que predominaram após a Segunda Guerra Mundial: o compromisso fordista nos países de capitalismo avançado e o modelo soviético implantado na União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas e difundido pelos países-satélites que formavam o bloco socialista. Nesse sentido, buscou-se mostrar que essa atuação implicou dilemas e tensões importantes, sobretudo quanto ao posicionamento em relação à racionalização do trabalho e aos métodos tayloristas de organização da produção. Além disso, indicou-se que a tendência predominante foi uma interpretação da teoria de Marx que reduzia a importância da crítica ao trabalho industrial e assalariado, legitimando um projeto de 'sociedade do trabalho' estranho aos fundamentos essenciais do legado marxiano. No entanto, a crise desses modelos, verificada nas últimas décadas do século passado, abre espaço para o revigoramento dos aspectos mais férteis da crítica de Marx à sociabilidade capitalista.

O DIREITO AO AVISO PRÉVIO PROPORCIONAL COMO EXPRESSÃO DA EFICÁCIA DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS SOCIAIS DOS TRABALHADORES

OpenAIRE

GÓES, Maurício de Carvalho; UNISINOS/RS Faculdade IDC – Instituto de Desenvolvimento Cultural. PUC/RS.; BUBLITZ, Michelle Dias; Universidade Luterana do Brasil – ULBRA – campus Canoas/RS.

2013-01-01

Nos termos do artigo 7º, inciso XXI, da Constituição Federal de 1988, o aviso prévio será proporcional ao tempo de serviço, sendo de, no mínimo, 30 dias, nos termos da lei. Tal dispositivo revogou o inciso I do artigo 487 da CLT, que previa o aviso prévio de 8 dias ao trabalhador. Portanto, ao empregado, o aviso prévio não será inferior a 30 dias. Veja-se que, nos termos da Orientação Jurisprudencial 84 da SDI-1 do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho, a proporcionalidade do aviso prévio, com base n...

Resistência carnavalesca ao espetáculo global

OpenAIRE

M. Boje, David

2002-01-01

Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de aplicação crítica pós-moderna do "espetáculo" de Debord e do "carnaval" de Bakhtin às encenações que têm acontecido nas ruas das cidades, nos campi de universidades e na Internet resistindo à nova economia globalizada. Na última década, a Administração Pública passou por uma virada pós-moderna, ficando presa às encenações conflitantes de um espetáculo corporativo orquestrado pela mídia e ao carnaval de resistência do discurso de globalização. Pretende-se ...

Reconhecimento dos aspectos tacêsicos para o cuidado afetivo e de qualidade ao idoso hospitalizado

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Teresa Cristina Gioia Schimidt

Full Text Available Verificar os aspectos tacêsicos importantes para serem observados ao tocar o idoso. Estudo de campo, qualitativo e exploratório desenvolvido com 117 graduandos e profissionais de saúde participantes da capacitação em comunicação não verbal em gerontologia. Os resultados revelam que a maioria conseguiu identificar, pelo menos, um fator de atenção que precisa ser respeitado ao tocar o idoso. Os discursos permitiram a construção de nove categorias apontando condições necessárias ao cuidado afetivo e de qualidade prestado no âmbito da tacêsica; quais sejam: autorização para que o toque ocorra; localização do toque; intensidade do toque; condição do idoso; intencionalidade e tipo de toque; duração do toque; sexo e idade de quem toca e quem é tocado; frequência do toque e características das mãos que tocam. O tocar faz parte do cotidiano dos profissionais da saúde e expressa zelo e sentimentos consequentemente, revela a qualidade da assistência prestada.

Enhanced nitrogen removal from electroplating tail wastewater through two-staged anoxic-oxic (A/O) process.

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Xinmei; Zhu, Chunyan; Huang, Bin; Yan, Qun; Zhang, Guangsheng

2018-01-01

Consisted of anaerobic (ANA), anoxic-1 (AN1), aerobic-1 (AE1), anoxic-2 (AN2), aerobic-2 (AE2) reactors and sediment tank, the two-staged A/O process was applied for depth treatment of electroplating tail wastewater with high electrical conductivity and large amounts of ammonia nitrogen. It was found that the NH 4 + -N and COD removal efficiencies reached 97.11% and 83.00%, respectively. Besides, the short-term salinity shock of the control, AE1 and AE2 indicated that AE1 and AE2 have better resistance to high salinity when the concentration of NaCl ranged from 1 to 10g/L. Meanwhile, it was found through high-throughput sequencing that bacteria genus Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira and Thauera, which are capable of nitrogen removal, were enriched in the two-staged A/O process. Moreover, both salt-tolerant bacteria and halophili bacteria were also found in the combined process. Therefore, microbial community within the two-staged A/O process could be acclimated to high electrical conductivity, and adapted for electroplating tail wastewater treatment. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Do mundano ao sagrado: o papel da efervescência na teoria moral durkheimiana

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Raquel Andrade Weiss

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Meu objetivo neste artigo é discutir o significado do conceito de efervescência na obra durkheimiana e apontar o papel que esse processo desempenha em relação à sua teoria moral. De modo geral, a argumentação versa em torno da articulação de três pressupostos estruturais da teoria moral durkheimiana, quais sejam, 1 a vinculação entre sagrado e ideal moral, 2 a concepção acerca da natureza humana como sendo essencialmente dual e 3 a proposta normativa de Durkheim de institucionalização de uma moralidade laica. Ao final, proponho ao leitor uma reflexão sobre a pertinência de sua defesa de um "sagrado laico" a partir dos desafios morais que caracterizam o mundo contemporâneo.

Contribuição preliminar aos tipos polínicos da Tribo Mutisieae (Compositae

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Grace Irene Imbiríba Pastana

1988-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho é um estudo palinilógico de quartoze espécies brasileiras da Tribo Mutisieae, pertencentes ao Herbário do Museu Nacional - RJ (R. São dadas as respectivas descrições polínicas com desenhos dos grãos em vistas equatorial e polar, da L.O. e detalhe da exina. Acompanham uma tabela referente ao tratamento estatístico e dois diagramas comparativos.The present paper is a palynological study of the fourteen species of the Tribe Mutisieae, belong to the Museum Nacional Herbary - RJ (R. Several aspects relating caracteristics of Mutisieae pollen are treated such as polar and equatorial diameter, L. O.: table of statistical treatment and comparative diagrams are displayed.

Obesidade da genética ao ambiente

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Odete Amaral

2016-02-01

Full Text Available A obesidade é reconhecida pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS como um importante problema de saúde pública, afectando crianças, adolescentes e adultos (WHO, 1998. Os dados do International Obesity Task Force (2000 mostraram que, nos últimos anos, a prevalência de obesidade tem aumentado significativamente em várias regiões do mundo, sendo responsável, em grande parte, pelo aumento da mortalidade e morbilidade com implicações significativas no indivíduo, na família e na comunidade (Dietz et al, 1999; Cole et al, 2000. O impacto no indivíduo pode ser quantificado pela influência na qualidade de vida, no recurso aos serviços de saúde, no absentismo escolar, na limitação nas actividades de vida diária, nomeadamente na prática de desporto e alterações nas relações interpessoais, marginalização, depressão e isolamento. Ao nível da família, as repercussões podem traduzir-se no absentismo profissional, nas alterações dos estilos de vida e na necessidade de acompanhamento dos familiares.  O aumento da prevalência de obesidade e consequente aumento do risco de desenvolvimento de doenças crónicas na idade adulta, que lhe está associado, deve ser rigorosamente monitorizado (Cole et al, 2000; WHO, 1995. Essa monitorização DEVE permitir avaliar a evolução do problema, proceder a comparações entre várias regiões e ou países e determinar a eficácia das intervenções introduzidas para minimizar o problema. Para que tal aconteça, torna-se necessário uniformizar os conceitos de excesso de peso e obesidade para que possam ser amplamente utilizados.

Rhodomyrtone : A new candidate as natural antibacterial drug from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Limsuwan, Surasak; Trip, Erik N.; Kouwen, Thijs R. H. M.; Piersma, Sjouke; Hiranrat, Asadhawut; Mahabusarakam, Wilawan; Voravuthikunchai, Supayang P.; van Dijl, Jan Maarten; Kayser, Oliver

Rhodomyrtone [6,8-dihydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-(3-methyl-1-oxobutyl)-9-(2-methylpropyl)-4,9-dihydro-1H-xanthene-1,3(2H)-di-one] from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. displayed significant antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria including Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis,

1-(4a,8-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one

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Mohamed Tebbaa

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The title compound, C21H26O, was semisynthesized from isocostic acid, isolated from the aerial part of Inula Viscosa (L Aiton [or Dittrichia Viscosa (L Greuter]. The cyclohexene ring has a half-chair conformation, whereas the cyclohexane ring displays a chair conformation.

Opinião dos acadêmicos do curso de graduação em enfermagem em relação ao ensino básico

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Iwa Keiko Aida Utyama

1991-12-01

Full Text Available Os autores, preocupados com a crescente diminuição de alunos matriculados no período regular na primeira disciplina do ciclo profissionalizante, propuseram-se a verificar as causas desta diminuição. Detectaram que esta diminuição deve-se em grande parte à reprovação. Ainda obtiveram as causas de reprovação atribuídas ao discente, ao docente, ao currículo e ao material bibliográfico.

Translation between the Neer- and the AO/OTA-classification for proximal humeral fractures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brorson, Stig; Eckardt, Henrik; Audigé, Laurent

2013-01-01

The reporting and interpretation of data from clinical trials of proximal humeral fractures are hampered by the use of two partly incommensurable fracture classification systems: the Neer classification and the AO/OTA classification. It remains difficult to interpret and generalize results...

Assistência de enfermagem em uma unidade de cuidados terciários ao diabético

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Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Rocha

1984-12-01

Full Text Available A autora apresenta sua experiência no atendimento ao diabético, desenvolvido no Setor de Diabetes do Hospital da Previdência de Minas Gerais — IPSEMG. Neste setor, implantado como Unidade de Cuidados Terciários, uma equipe multidisciplinar: médicos, enfermeiras, assistentes sociais, nutricionistas e psicólogos, procura fornecer ao paciente conhecimentos técnicos e motivação para o autocontrole. No período de junho/1982 a fevereiro/1984, foram inscritos no setor 580 pacientes dos quais 42% receberam orientação de enfermagem quanto: à aplicação de insulina, à realização de glicosúria, aos cuidados com os pés, às noções de hipoglicemia e como tratá-la. A autora comenta os resultados obtidos, baseando-se na redução de internações e na reavaliação do aprendizado nos retornos. Comentam-se novas atividades programadas para a enfermagem e a importância do cuidado terciário do diabético.

Dificuldade de aprendizagem em escolares de muito baixo peso ao nascer Learning difficulties in schoolchildren born with very low birth weight

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Maura C. C. de Rodrigues

2006-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Investigar a associação entre muito baixo peso ao nascer e dificuldade de aprendizagem à idade escolar, através de revisão sistemática da literatura, identificando quais os padrões de dificuldade de aprendizagem nesses escolares, possíveis correlações cognitivas, singularidades nos extratos ponderais de muito baixo peso ao nascer e interferência de fatores socioeconômicos e clínicos nos resultados. FONTES DOS DADOS:Busca bibliográfica (MEDLINE, LILACS, Excerpta Medica, listas de referências de artigos originais, periódicos ligados ao tema, informações de experts da área e bancos de teses e dissertações, utilizando as palavras-chave: prematuridade/muito baixo peso ao nascer, dificuldade de aprendizagem/realização acadêmica/performance escolar, seguimento/resultados/coorte. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Com a busca, 114 artigos foram captados, e os 18 com adequação metodológica foram selecionados, abordando dificuldade de aprendizagem em escolares de muito baixo peso ao nascer. Observou-se pior desempenho acadêmico destes, quando toda a população de estudo era comparada aos nascidos a termo. A área mais acometida foi a matemática. O risco de evoluir com dificuldades de aprendizagem mostrou-se maior conforme diminuiu o peso ao nascer. Constatou-se associação entre muito baixo peso ao nascer e comprometimentos cognitivos. CONCLUSÕES:A abordagem sistemática corroborou os resultados obtidos de estudos da literatura: os escolares de muito baixo peso ao nascer apresentaram maior risco de dificuldades de aprendizagem quando comparados aos a termo. Predominou o acometimento de múltiplos domínios acadêmicos, sendo a matemática a área mais acometida. Observou-se um gradiente crescente de risco à medida que o peso ao nascer diminuía. Houve associação entre muito baixo peso ao nascer e comprometimento cognitivo.OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between very low birth weight and learning difficulties at

Cuidado ao desenvolvimento: intervenções de proteção ao desenvolvimento inicial de recém-nascidos pré-termo Developmental care: protection approach for early development of preterm infants

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Cláudia Maria Gaspardo

2010-03-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Revisar ensaios clínicos randomizados, publicados entre 2002 e 2009, sobre a eficácia de intervenções em Cuidado ao Desenvolvimento em recém-nascidos pré-termo em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. FONTES DE DADOS: Foram selecionados estudos randomizados dos bancos de dados Medline, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Science, LILACS e SciELO, usando-se as palavras-chave "developmental care" e "neonate". Realizou-se uma análise metodológica dos estudos, com base nos critérios: randomização, estimativa do tamanho amostral, perda amostral, critérios de inclusão e exclusão, controle de variáveis de confusão, validade dos instrumentos, condição "cega" do pesquisador, realização de seguimento, validades externa e ecológica e cuidados éticos. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: As intervenções em Cuidado ao Desenvolvimento promoveram melhora em curto prazo nos resultados fisiológicos, comportamentais, neurológicos e clínicos dos recém-nascidos. Observou-se diminuição da reatividade à dor nos recém-nascidos durante procedimentos de pesagem e troca de fraldas. Os pais que receberam intervenções em Cuidado ao Desenvolvimento passaram a apresentar maior senso de competência para cuidar do recém-nascido. Os profissionais treinados em Cuidado ao Desenvolvimento demonstraram melhor desempenho na assistência ao recém-nascido e valorizaram mais os estímulos ambientais, físicos e sociais. CONCLUSÕES: Intervenções em Cuidado ao Desenvolvimento na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal promoveram benefícios ao desenvolvimento e saúde dos recém-nascidos pré-termo no período neonatal e no primeiro ano de vida. Em estudos futuros, recomenda-se maior rigor metodológico no que se refere à condição de pesquisador "cego" em relação às intervenções e controle das variáveis de confusão. Estudos prospectivo-longitudinais são necessários para avaliar a eficácia das intervenções em médio e longo prazo no desenvolvimento

Eficácia de pamoato de pirantel, isolado ou associado ao triclorfon, no controle de ciatostomíneos de eqüinos

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Marcelo de Campos Pereira

1994-12-01

Full Text Available Através de estudo comparativo, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência anti-helmíntica de pamoato de pirantel, isolado ou associado ao triclorfon, no controle de estrongilídeos de eqüinos da raça Puro Sangue Inglês. As coproculturas realizadas antes e após os tratamentos levaram consistentemente ao encontro de populações puras de ciatostomíneos com oito células intestinais. As reduções de ovos por grama de fezes foram avaliadas do 7º. ao 45º. dias pós-tratamento. Comparando os valores médios de OPG dos eqüinos tratados com pamoato de pirantel (13,2 mg/kg associado ao triclorfon (30 mg/kg e com pamoato de pirantel isolado (13,2 mg/kg, observou-se diferença não significante (P≤0,05 ao longo do experimento, verificando-se, 7 dias após o tratamento, reduções médias de OPG de quase 100% e, do 7º. ao 20º. dias, reduções ainda superiores a 90%. Os resultados indicam que os dois produtos são eficazes na redução de ovos por grama de fezes de ciatostomíneos de eqüinos mantidos sob condições a campo.

Ruptura aneurismática intraoperatória junto ao colo: sugestão de manuseio cirúrgico

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Andrade Guilherme Cabral de

2002-01-01

Full Text Available A ruptura aneurismática intraoperatória de um aneurisma intracraniano pode comprometer dramaticamente um procedimento neurocirúrgico delicado, diminuindo as chances de uma evolução favorável do paciente. A ruptura ordinariamente se dá junto ao domus do aneurisma, causando icto.Com menor frequência, a ruptura pode se processar junto ao colo, em um ponto entre o vaso principal e o saco aneurismático. Isso causa um grande problema ao neurocirurgião; a colocação de um clipe de aneurisma neste local só irá aumentar a hemorragia. Nossa sugestão técnica resume-se à clipagem do aneurisma sobre um pequeno fragmento de músculo temporal colocado no local da ruptura. É bastante simples mas bastante útil, devendo ser lembrada no momento da ruptura. Não encontramos descrição semelhante nos principais livros e artigos que se referem à ruptura aneurismática durante a cirurgia.

Jogos de Empresas: Abordagens ao Fenômeno, Perspectivas Teóricas e Metodológicas

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Valdete de Oliveira Mrtvi

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Os jogos de empresas, além de utilizados no processo de ensino, também são explorados como ferramentas de pesquisa, conforme Gentry, Tice, Robertson e Gentry (1984. Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, descritivo quanto aos objetivos, e caracterizado como revisão integrativa no tocante ao método, trata do seguinte problema de pesquisa: Qual o perfil da pesquisa acadêmica brasileira sobre jogos de empresas considerando a abordagem ao fenômeno e as perspectivas teóricas e metodológicas? Foram analisados 226 artigos extraídos de periódicos online, do indexador Spell e anais de eventos. Como resultado, é proposta uma tipologia para classificação das pesquisas em jogos de empresas, considerando a abordagem ao fenômeno de pesquisa e os eixos temáticos. Constatou-se a predominância de estudos que têm as simulações como objeto de pesquisa - SCOPE (77,9% -, enquanto 22,1% utilizam os jogos de empresas como ambiente de pesquisa - SCAPE. Verificou-se que 38,5% dos estudos não mencionam quaisquer das classificações metodológicas analisadas. Discute-se algumas fragilidades metodológicas identificadas nas pesquisas da área. Apesar de as classificações não serem determinantes para a qualidade de um estudo, representam importante indicador da consistência do processo de reflexão e da coesão da investigação.

Evaluating impacts of fire management strategies on native and invasive plants using an individual-based model

Science.gov (United States)

Gangur, Alexander N.; Fill, Jennifer M.; Northfield, Tobin D.; van de Wiel, Marco

2017-04-01

The capacity for species to coexist and potentially exclude one another can broadly be attributed to drivers that influence fitness differences (such as competitive ability) and niche differences (such as environmental change). These drivers, and thus the determinants of coexistence they influence, can interact and fluctuate both spatially and temporally. Understanding the spatiotemporal variation in niche and fitness differences in systems prone to fluctuating drivers, such as fire, can help to inform the management of invasive species. In the Cape floristic region of South Africa, invasive Pinus pinaster seedlings are strong competitors in the post-burn environment of the fire-driven Fynbos vegetation. In this, system native Protea spp. are especially vulnerable to unseasonal burns, but seasonal prescribed (Summer) burns are thought to present a high safety risk. Together, these issues have limited the appeal of prescribed burn management as an alternative to costly manual eradication of P. pinaster. Using a spatially-explicit field-of-neighbourhood individual-based model, we represent the drivers of spatiotemporal variation in niche differences (driven by fire regimes) and fitness differences (driven by competitive ability). In doing so, we evaluate optimal fire management strategies to a) control invasive P. pinaster in the Cape floristic region of South Africa, while b) minimizing deleterious effects of management on native Protea spp. The scarcity of appropriate data for model calibration has been problematic for models in invasion biology, but we use recent advances in Approximate Bayesian Computing techniques to overcome this limitation. We present early conclusions on the viability of prescribed burn management to control P. pinaster in South Africa.

Analysis of Optical Variations of BL Lac Object AO 0235+164 Wang ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

obtain statistically meaningful values for the cross-correlation time lags ... deviation, the fifth represents the largest variations, the sixth represents the fractional ..... 6. Conclusions. The multi-band optical data are collected on the object of AO 0235 + 164. The time lags among the B, V, R and I bands have been analysed.

Escala clínica para prever a adesão ao tratamento: transtorno bipolar do humor

OpenAIRE

Marchi, Renato

2008-01-01

O Transtorno Bipolar do Humor (TBH) está associado a altas taxas de desajustes psicossociais e familiares, mortalidade e prejuízos econômicos. O tratamento visa o controle de episódios agudos e prevenção de novos episódios. As taxas de não - adesão ao tratamento são altas em TBH. Este trabalho teve por objetivo elaborar e validar uma escala de avaliação clinica , capaz de indicar a probabilidade de adesão ao tratamento medico clinico dos pacientes bipolares de ambos os gêneros. O procedimento...

Propaganda de álcool e associação ao consumo de cerveja por adolescentes

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Roberta Faria

2011-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre propaganda de álcool e o consumo de cerveja por adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Foram entrevistados 1.115 estudantes de 7º e 8º anos de três escolas públicas de São Bernardo do Campo, SP, em 2006. As variáveis independentes foram: atenção prestada às propagandas de álcool, crença na veracidade das propagandas, resposta afetiva às propagandas, uso prévio de cigarro, entre outras. A variável dependente foi consumo de cerveja nos últimos 30 dias. Análises de regressões logísticas univariada e múltipla foram realizadas. Idade, importância dada à religião e ter banheiro em casa foram utilizadas como controle. RESULTADOS: O consumo de cerveja nos últimos 30 dias esteve associado ao uso de cigarro (OR = 4,551, ter uma marca preferida de bebida alcoólica (OR = 5,150, não ser monitorado pelos pais (OR = 2,139, achar que as festas que freqüentam parecem-se com as de comerciais (OR = 1,712, prestar muita atenção aos comerciais (OR = 1,563 e acreditar que os comerciais falam a verdade (OR = 2,122. Essa associação manteve-se mesmo na presença de outras variáveis associadas ao seu consumo. CONCLUSÕES: As propagandas de bebidas alcoólicas associam-se positivamente ao consumo recente de cerveja, por remetem os adolescentes à própria realidade ou por fazê-los acreditar em sua veracidade. Limitar a veiculação de propagandas de bebidas alcoólicas pode ser um dos caminhos para a prevenção do uso e abuso de álcool por adolescentes.

Suscetibilidade do capim-colonião e de cultivares de milho ao flúor

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Rimena Ramos Domingues

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A emissão de fluoretos à atmosfera oriunda da produção de superfosfatos e de cerâmica tem causado preocupação pelo efeito tóxico às plantas, contudo são poucos os estudos desenvolvidos acerca do problema com espécie de interesse econômico agrícola. Desenvolveu-se o estudo para avaliar o efeito do flúor (F atmosférico em plantas de capim-colonião e de cultivares de milho, utilizando como referência espécies bioindicadoras do tipo sensível e tolerante. As plantas foram expostas à contaminação pelo F atmosférico por curtos períodos durante 32 dias em sistema de nebulização com 0,16 mol L-1 de ácido fluorídrico no ambiente interno de uma câmara (~0,20 mmol m-3 de F, havendo um controle não exposto, com quatro repetições. A exposição das plantas ao F causou aumento da concentração do elemento nas folhas até 60 mg kg-1 para o capim-colonião, e entre 100 mg kg-1 nas folhas novas e 170 mg kg-1 nas folhas velhas para quatro cultivares de milho, o que demonstrou o efeito cumulativo do elemento no ambiente. Sintomas visuais da toxicidade foram observados nas plantas e se caracterizaram pela ocorrência de cloroses e necroses na lâmina foliar. O capim-colonião é uma espécie bastante sensível ao poluente no ar. As cultivares de milho DKB 390 e Ômega 8315 também são mais sensíveis ao F quando comparadas às AG7088 e 2B707. Os teores de clorofila a nas plantas foram mais afetados pelo F em relação aos teores de clorofila b.

Homens de letras e homens de leis ao serviço da monarquia portuguesa (séculos XII-XIII

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Armando Norte

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Ao longo da primeira dinastia, os letrados ao serviço da Coroa portuguesa desempenharam um papel decisivo e cada vez mais importante na afirmação do poder real. Homens de leis e homens de letras serviram à casa real como oficiais, representaram os reis portugueses em atos políticos e diplomáticos e exerceram um grande leque de funções na esfera da administração central - políticas, jurídicas, médicas, económicas, administrativas. A presença desses elementos ao lado dos monarcas fez-se sentir desde a fundação do reino, logo desde o reinado de D. Afonso Henriques, coincidindo o corolário deste processo de recrutamento com a chegada de D. Afonso III ao trono, numa política continuada, de forma firme, por D. Dinis. O conjunto de eruditos recenseados junto dos reis portugueses da época fundacional constitui, nessa medida, um interessante estudo de caso para compreender, em parte, em que consistia um círculo áulico, à luz dos valores do século XII e XIII.

Fatores associados à adesão ao tratamento de crianças e adolescentes com doenças reumáticas crônicas

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Vanessa M. Bugni

2012-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: São vários os fatores que contribuem para a má adesão ao tratamento de crianças e adolescentes com doenças reumáticas crônicas, gerando piora da qualidade de vida e do prognóstico. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar as taxas de adesão ao tratamento e identificar os fatores socioeconômicos e clínicos associados. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 99 pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil, lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, dermatomiosite ou esclerodermia juvenil. Todos os pacientes eram acompanhados no ambulatório de reumatologia pediátrica por um período mínimo de 6 meses. Para avaliação da adesão, foi aplicado aos cuidadores um questionário composto por três blocos: 1 dados demográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais; 2 adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso; e 3 comparecimento às consultas, realização de exames e utilização de órteses. Foi considerada má adesão, quando realizado valor menor ou igual a 80% do prescrito. RESULTADOS: Um total de 53% dos pacientes apresentou boa adesão ao tratamento global, observada quando o cuidador possuía união estável (p = 0,006; 20 pacientes (20,2% apresentaram má adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso, relacionada à utilização de mais que três medicamentos diários (p = 0,047. As causas de má adesão ao tratamento foram esquecimento, recusa, dose incorreta ou falta de medicamento, problemas pessoais e dificuldades financeiras. CONCLUSÕES: Observamos boa adesão ao tratamento global nos pacientes cujos cuidadores possuíam união estável e má adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso nos pacientes que utilizavam mais que três tipos de medicamentos diariamente. Não houve associação entre as taxas de adesão ao tratamento e sexo, idade, tempo de diagnóstico e atividade da doença.

A dinâmica dos mercados associados ao suínos de raça Bísara na Terra Fria Transmonta

OpenAIRE

Carvalho, Marieta

2014-01-01

A procura mundial de produtos de origem animal aumentará cerca de 70% em 2050, com especial relevância para a de origem do porco (FAO, 2014). Este trabalho visa estudar: · A dinâmica dos mercados associados aos suínos da raça Bísara: animais, carne e fumeiro de Vinhais. · Os circuitos de comercialização, os preços ao criador de suínos de animais vivos, da carne e fumeiro de Vinhais. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na análise descritiva, referente aos de 2013 e 2014, dos ...

3-(4-Chlorophenyl-1-[(2R,4aR,8aR-4a,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one

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Mohamed Tebbaa

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The title compound, C21H25ClO, was semi-synthesized from isocostic acid, isolated from the aerial part of Inula Viscosa (L Aiton [or Dittrichia Viscosa (L Greuter]. The cyclohexene ring has a half-chair conformation, whereas the cyclohexane ring displays a chair conformation.

Exposição ao vivo no tratamento de agorafobia: relato de caso

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Gustavo J. Fonseca D'El Rey

Full Text Available Relato de caso, em que a Exposição ao Vivo foi utilizada no tratamento de paciente com diagnóstico de agorafobia. O tratamento foi realizado em doze sessões, apresentando êxito no uso dessa técnica comportamental.

"Conselhos ao povo": educação contra a influenza de 1918

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Liane Maria Bertucci-Martins

Full Text Available Quando os primeiros casos de gripe espanhola começaram a vitimar os paulistanos em outubro de 1918, o Serviço Sanitário do Estado de São Paulo publicou uma série de prescrições com a intenção de esclarecer e instruir os moradores da capital do estado sobre a doença, suas características e algumas formas de combate de uma moléstia também chamada de influenza ou influenza espanhola. Resumidos e reeditados na imprensa, muitas vezes sob o título de "Conselhos ao Povo", os pareceres elaborados pela diretoria de saúde ganharam diferentes nuanças, mas algo permaneceu constante: o apelo à higiene pessoal e ao cuidado com os contatos sociais, como maneiras de se evitar a enfermidade e sua propagação. O objetivo deste texto é recuperar um pouco dessa história, em que as questões de higiene, educação e saúde se mesclavam.

Var??n de 30 a??os con dolor pretibial bilateral

OpenAIRE

Vargas-Hitos, Jos?? Antonio; Garc??a-Castro, Jos?? Miguel; Ja??n- ??guila, Fernando; Jim??nez-Alonso, Juan

2012-01-01

Var??n de 30 a??os que consultaba por dolor intenso y progresivo de dos meses de evoluci??n localizado en la cara anterior y distal de ambas piernas sin factor desencadenante aparente y mala respuesta a tratamiento analg??sico convencional. El paciente negaba otros s??ntomas a excepci??n de un rash eritematoso no pruriginoso generalizado que hab??a afectado tronco, palmas y plantas y que hab??a sido considerado como una reacci??n de hipersensibilidad a alguna de las medicaciones p...

Seca da semente de café ao sol Effect of sunlight on coffee seed viability

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Oswaldo Bacchi

1955-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho diz respeito a estudos realizados com o objetivo de observar a influência da luz solar sôbre a capacidade germinativa da semente despolpada de café e verificar, portanto, a possibilidade de se efetuar a seca desta semente exclusivamente ao sol. Além de um ensaio preliminar, foram efetuados mais outros dois, compreendendo, ao todo, duas secas ao sol, duas em um secador a baixa temperatura (±28°C, uma a sombra e uma em um secador a alta temperatura (±40°C. Pelas correlações entre as porcentagens de germinação e de umidade, que foram estabelecidas após diferentes períodos de secagem, foram tiradas as duas seguintes conclusões, que são as principais com relação ao objetivo dêstes ensaios : 1 Os raios solares são prejudiciais à capacidade germinativa da semente de café; sua nocividade acha-se, porém, intimamente ligada ao teor de umidade na semente. 2 À vista da conclusão acima, verifica-se que a semente despolpada de café e, muito provavelmente, também a não despolpada, podem ser perfeitamente sêcas a pleno sol sem que haja prejuízo para sua vitalidade, uma vez que sejam recolhidas antes que o seu teor de umidade caia abaixo do ponto crítico de 8% - 9%.In this paper the author deals with the question related to the coffee seed drying, with special attention to the effect of the sun radiations on seed viability. Based on the results obtained, the following conclusions were drawn : (a The sun rays have no specific influence on the viability of hulled coffee seed ; their effect is indirect and related to loss of moisture by the seed. (b Coffee seed can be dried in the sunlight without loss of viability if the water content does not drop under 8% to 9%. Below this critical level seed germination falls rapidly. (c The moisture content of coffee seed dried „in the sun may fall to about 7% in a short time with the consequent injury to viability. (d Under most conditions in the state of São Paulo

Seleção inicial e caracterização parcial de rizóbios de tabuleiros costeiros quando associados ao guandu

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M. F. Fernandes

2000-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar e caracterizar parcialmente rizóbios de tabuleiros costeiros com alta capacidade de fixação biológica do N, quando associados ao guandu. Dezesseis isolados de rizóbios de diferentes regiões desse ecossistema foram avaliados em casa de vegetação da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros (Aracaju, SE. Quatro isolados destacaram-se quanto ao N acumulado (Nac, matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA, área foliar (AF e matéria seca de nódulos (MSN. A MSN correlacionou-se com a MSPA, AF e Nac. A relação N-ureído/N-total na seiva xilemática correlacionou-se com Nac e MSN. Três desses isolados foram caracterizados (R1, R5 e R11 e apresentaram crescimento rápido e acidificaram o meio de cultura com manitol. Comparado ao R1 e R5, o isolado R11 foi o mais sensível aos antibióticos e o menos tolerante ao Al e às temperaturas elevadas.

Do ensinar ao aprender: o passaporte para o futuro

OpenAIRE

Almeida, Ana Rita Conceição

2016-01-01

O presente Relatório Final é apresentado no âmbito da conclusão do Mestrado de Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Este documento reflete o caminho percorrido pelas aprendizagens adquiridas e reflexões proporcionadas ao longo dos dois estágios que constituem este Mestrado, sendo que um decorreu em Educação Pré-Escolar e o outro no 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Este documento divide-se em duas grandes partes estruturantes que constituem o pilar de todo este trabalho. Na ...

Identificação das competências de Liderança associadas ao comando dos Oficiais subalternos e capitães de Infantaria

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Lopes, Luís

2015-01-01

O presente trabalho é subordinado ao tema “Identificação das competências de liderança associadas ao comando dos Oficiais Subalternos e Capitães de Infantaria.”, tem como objetivo identificar, analisar e interrelacionar os comportamentos de liderança percecionados pelos subordinados aos Oficiais Subalternos e Capitães de Infantaria nas suas tarefas diárias de comando e de que maneira os Oficiais conseguem obter dos seus homens desempenh...

LEBON RÉGIS/SC, DA VIVÊNCIA CABOCLA NO CONTESTADO AO SUFOCAMENTO NA LÓGICA AGRÁRIO-CAPITALISTA

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Émerson Dias Oliveira

2017-01-01

Full Text Available O processo de desbravamento, ocupação e povoamento da região Sul do Brasil, deu-se numa particularidade secundária ao formato tradicional das demais regiões colonizadas. Nessa região, o Estado de Santa Catarina surge ainda como território de ocupação posterior aos demais estados sulistas, uma espécie de espaço periférico e “abandonado” entremeio os extremos da Estrada de Ferro São Paulo – Rio Grande. Entre os rudimentares povoados surgidos, está a atual Lebon Régis/SC, integrando uma região conhecida como – Contestado –, sendo que esta região é tida como deficitário de uma territorialidade racional e “civilizada” aos olhos das classes dominantes dos séculos XIX e XX. Na segunda década do século XX, a região do Contestado padece em seus domínios uma guerra civil camponesa de proporções extremamente devastadoras, uma revolução que é na realidade o estopim de um choque de classes já vigente há algum tempo. Assim, seus residentes seculares - o caboclo - imbuído em sua fé messiânica, resistiram e lutaram até o seu completo genocídio contra as instituições públicas e privadas, uma fatalidade em que a lei do mais forte (poder e capital se impôs ao mais fraco (caboclo, uma barbárie por muitos anos legalizada, justificada e legitimada pelo Estado, sendo o foco deste ensaio trazer à tona a realidade dos fatos, oportunizando ao caboclo de Lebon Régis sua expressão identitária de fato.

Medicina moderna: rumo à prevenção, à cura, ao bem-estar e à longevidade

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Ajai Singh

2010-06-01

Full Text Available A medicina moderna tem realizado muitas coisas nos campos de doenças infecciosas e de emergências para assistir a cura. Na maior parte dos outros campos, ela visa, sobretudo, ao controle, que é outro nome para o tratamento paliativo. A farmacologia, na qual se inclui a psicofarmacologia, é igualmente dirigida ao controle e ao alívio. Está na hora de profissionais da área e pesquisadores voltarem-se decisivamente para a prevenção e para a cura. Ademais, o outro grande desafio da medicina moderna é a longevidade aliada ao bem-estar. Avanços em vacinas contra hipertensão, diabetes, câncer etc. merecem atenção, bem como o papel da meditação, yoga, espiritualidade etc. na prevenção de doenças em vários níveis. Pesquisas sobre longevidade, mudanças no estilo de vida e centenários saudáveis merecem um exame especialmente minucioso na busca dos fatores que contribuem para a longevidade com bem-estar. Um olhar de perto para a medicina complementar e alternativa é necessário para encontrar modelos apropriados que esta possa vir a ter, à parte seus grandes discursos ou sua hostilidade para com o cuidado médico tradicional. A medicina é uma manifestação do Eros humano, e não deve tornar-se instrumento de seu Tanatos. Ela deve realizar seu verdadeiro potencial, de forma que Eros prevaleça, e Tanatos prevaleça apenas finalmente, não prematuramente.

ViLLaGEs: opto-mechanical design of an on-sky visible-light MEMS-based AO system

Science.gov (United States)

Grigsby, Bryant; Lockwood, Chris; Baumann, Brian; Gavel, Don; Johnson, Jess; Ammons, S. Mark; Dillon, Daren; Morzinski, Katie; Reinig, Marc; Palmer, Dave; Severson, Scott; Gates, Elinor

2008-07-01

Visible Light Laser Guidestar Experiments (ViLLaGEs) is a new Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based visible-wavelength adaptive optics (AO) testbed on the Nickel 1-meter telescope at Lick Observatory. Closed loop Natural Guide Star (NGS) experiments were successfully carried out during engineering during the fall of 2007. This is a major evolutionary step, signaling the movement of AO technologies into visible light with a MEMS mirror. With on-sky Strehls in I-band of greater than 20% during second light tests, the science possibilities have become evident. Described here is the advanced engineering used in the design and construction of the ViLLaGEs system, comparing it to the LickAO infrared system, and a discussion of Nickel dome infrastructural improvements necessary for this system. A significant portion of the engineering discussion revolves around the sizable effort that went towards eliminating flexure. Then, we detail upgrades to ViLLaGEs to make it a facility class instrument. These upgrades will focus on Nyquist sampling the diffraction limited point spread function during open loop operations, motorization and automation for technician level alignments, adding dithering capabilities and changes for near infrared science.

Suscetibilidade de genótipos de feijão ao vírus-do-mosaico-dourado

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Lemos Leandro Borges

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a suscetibilidade de diversos genótipos de feijão ao vírus-do-mosaico-dourado (VMDF, transmitido pela mosca branca (Bemisia tabaci. A semeadura foi realizada na época da seca e das águas, com e sem aplicação do inseticida granulado Aldicarb (3,0 kg ha-1 do i.a. no sulco de semeadura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados disposto em esquema fatorial 14x2, representado por genótipos e inseticida, respectivamente, com quatro repetições. A maior infestação de mosca-branca e incidência do vírus ocorreu na época da seca, causando prejuízos à produção do feijoeiro. Os genótipos apresentaram diferentes graus de suscetibilidade ao vírus e ao inseto vetor. Os genótipos mais tolerantes foram IAPAR 57, IAPAR 65, IAPAR 72, Ônix, Aporé e 606 (5(214-17. A aplicação do inseticida sistêmico controla o vetor em ambas as épocas de cultivo, proporcionando aumentos da produtividade.

Ações ecossistêmicas e gerontotecnológicas no cuidado de enfermagem complexo ao idoso estomizado

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Edaiane Joana Lima Barros

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se identificar as ações ecossistêmicas e gerontotecnológicas a serem realizadas para a um cuidado de enfermagem complexo ao idoso estomizado. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva do tipo Estudo de Caso. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas, os idosos foram classificados quanto à Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde, realizado exame físico e observação sistemática. Participaram dez idosos de um Serviço de Estomaterapia do Sul do Brasil, de junho a agosto de 2012. Desenvolveu-se um modelo teórico e os dados foram comparados com o protocolo do estudo. Como ações ecossistêmicas identificaram-se a construção de um ambiente terapêutico, a garantia de acesso físico / adaptações ambientais e, como ações gerontotecnológicas, o processo educativo em saúde, o encaminhamento ao grupo de apoio e o fornecimento de materiais e equipamentos necessários ao autocuidado. O cuidado de enfermagem é fundamental para o idoso estomizado enfrentar suas limitações, desmistificando sua deficiência/incapacidade/saúde.

A QUESTÃO DA PARÓDIA: A FILOSOFIA AO LADO DE GIORGIO AGAMBEN

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Vinícius Nicastro Honesko

2015-07-01

Full Text Available A partir da leitura de diversos textos de Giorgio Agamben,o presente ensaio pretende expor como o conceito de paródia podeser fundamental para a compreensão da filosofia do autor italiano.Além disso, propõe a aproximação entre os conceitos de paradigma,parábola e paródia, elaborando uma constelação teórica a partir daqual pensar o problema da constituição essencial do homem paraalém da questão metafísica – aproximando-se, para tanto, de certasleituras que Deleuze faz da patafísica de Alfred Jarry. Por fim,pretende estabelecer uma vinculação do conceito benjaminiano deorigem com os problemas filosóficos fundamentais de Agamben,sobretudo no que diz respeito às questões atinentes ao pensamentoda História (e, por isso, à impossibilidade de atribuição de umaessência, um fim, ao homem.

Adesão ao tratamento no transtorno bipolar Compliance to treatment in bipolar disorder

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Aida Santin

2005-01-01

Full Text Available O transtorno bipolar (TB é uma doença crônica, recorrente, presente em 1,5% da população, estando associada a altas taxas de mortalidade e prejuízos socioeconômicos. O lítio, a carbamazepina e o ácido valpróico são os estabilizadores de humor mais usados. Em tratamentos prolongados, como é o caso do TB, a má-adesão dos pacientes é uma das maiores dificuldades. Verifica-se que fatores ligados ao paciente, aos medicamentos e aos médicos possam ser responsáveis pela baixa adesão. A psicoeducação, a terapia cognitivo-comportamental e a terapia focada na família são estratégias propostas para o aumento da adesão.Bipolar disorder (BD is a chronic and recurrent illness that occurs in 1,5% of the population. This illness is associated with high rates of mortality and social/economic burden. Lithium, carbamazepine and valproic acid are the most used mood stabilizers. In long term treatments, as in BD, one of the main difficulties is the patient's adherence. It appears that factors associated to the patient, drug and the physician are responsible for the low adherence. The use of psycho-education, cognitive-behavioral therapy and focused family therapy have been put forward as a means to increase adherence.

Projecto 254 - Produção de suínos ao ar livre : unidade de demonstração Programa AGRO

OpenAIRE

Marinho, M.C.; Dias, S.F.; Rodrigues, J.P.V.

2006-01-01

A produção de suínos ao ar livre pode contribuir para a preservação e valorização das raças autóctones e dos produtos delas derivados, evitando assim a sua extinção. O projecto, Produção de suínos ao ar livre – Unidade de demonstração, cujo período de execução vai de setembro de 2004 a dezembro de 2006, tem como principal objectivo demonstrar a tecnologia de produção de leitões ao ar livre. Programa AGRO - Projecto 254, Medida 8.1.

Truncus arteriosus operado aos 28 anos: importância do diagnóstico diferencial

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Lilian Maria Lopes

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Descrevemos um caso de adulto de 28 anos com suspeita de cardiopatia congênita desde o nascimento, não tratada na infância por opção da família. Aos 27 anos, foi feito diagnóstico de atresia pulmonar com comunicação interventricular e colaterais sistêmico-pulmonares, sendo contraindicada a cirurgia. Uma nova reavaliação em nosso serviço demonstrou tratar-se de um truncus arteriosus atípico. O fato de um tronco arterial comum com shunt esquerda-direita ter sido visualizado ao ecocardiograma foi um dado crucial para a indicação de novo cateterismo, abrindo perspectiva de correção cirúrgica. No momento, o paciente encontra-se bem, com 7 anos de evolução pós-operatória.

O estudante de Medicina e o médico recém-formado frente à morte e ao morrer

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Gustavo Nader Marta

Full Text Available A compreensão do papel da morte como uma condição intrínseca e inegável da vida sempre foi de grande relevância para o mundo ocidental, levando a diferentes atitudes, especialmente entre aqueles que precisam encarar a morte como parte de sua rotina profissional. Isto é particularmente aplicável aos médicos, que, muitas vezes, se acham diante da responsabilidade de tomar decisões sobre as condições de saúde e a vida de seus pacientes. Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar o comportamento do estudante de Medicina e do médico recém-formado diante da morte e do morrer, identificar as condições e deficiências da relação médico-paciente-morrer-morte, comparar tais posturas entre os estudantes de Medicina e os médicos recém-formados, e propor atividades que possibilitem a sensibilização quanto aos processos internos com base em teoria, prática e desenvolvimento pessoal. Isso foi feito por meio da aplicação de questionários aos 100 alunos do terceiro ano e aos 120 residentes do CCMB-PUC-SP.

Entre a Notícia e o Infoentretenimento: um modelo nacional de jornalismo esportivo imposto aos programas locais

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Mariana Oselame

2013-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como tema o jornalismo esportivo da televisão aberta brasileira neste início de século XXI. O objetivo geral é discutir o aumento do espaço destinado ao infoentretenimento e a consequente diminuição do tempo dedicado ao jornalismo propriamente dito nos programas de notícias esportivas. Este estudo parte da hipótese de que, ao privilegiar os fatos que Bourdieu (1997 chamou de onibus, os noticiários esportivos colocam a notícia em segundo plano. Adotado como objeto de pesquisa, o programa Globo Esporte, da Rede Globo e afiliadas, em suas versões paulista e gaúcha, integra o corpus de estudo – o material foi investigado a partir da análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 1977. Na fundamentação teórica, foram utilizados conceitos de autores como Wolton (1996, Wolf (1985, Traquina (2008, Rangel (2010 e Gomes (2011.

ANÁLISE DAS POLÍTICAS FISCAIS E MONETÁRIAS PARA O SETOR AGROALIMENTAR E SUAS INFLUENCIAS AO BEM ESTAR DO CONSUMIDOR

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LEANDRO PESSOA LUCENA

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} As cadeias agroalimentares no mundo tem sido alvo de fortes políticas governamentais de controle e segurança nacional nas ultimas décadas. Algumas dessas políticas tem se pautado ao uso intensivo de subsídios agrícolas ou de proteção ao mercado doméstico através de alíquotas de importação e/ou exportação. Proveniente a esse contexto, o trabalho teve como objetivos: determinar quais conseqüências ocorre ao setor alimentício dado à incidência de subsídios governamentais as cadeias agroalimentares. Bem como, análise do bem-estar do consumidor em relação ao custo da cesta básica. Os métodos aplicados foram: versão adaptada do Modelo Mundell Fleming de políticas fiscais e monetárias e a utilização do Método dos Números Índices. Os resultados desse trabalho apontam que uma política monetária expansionista com maiores concessões de crédito e subsídios, tende a trazer fatores positivos ao setor alimentício, consolidando o mesmo ao contexto de ampliação pela produção de bens com maior valor agregado. Quanto ao custo de vida dos consumidores em relação ao consumo da cesta básica, foi caracterizado que suas condições na �

Significados Atribuídos ao Lazer na Terceira Idade: Observação Participante em Encontros Musicais

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Fábio Francisco de Araujo

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Este estudo buscou investigar os significados atribuídos ao lazer em grupo por consumidores idosos. O estudo parte de uma revisão da literatura sobre consumo e lazer na Terceira Idade, enfatizando a passagem de uma perspectiva negativa, baseada em restrições ao consumo, para uma visão mais positiva do envelhecimento, nos estudos mais recentes. A pesquisa utilizou métodos oriundos da etnografia urbana, em particular a observação participante e as entrevistas em profundidade, adequados à natureza do fenômeno investigado. Foi escolhido, para a realização do trabalho de campo, um grupo de encontros musicais que se reúne no Palácio do Catete, no Rio de Janeiro. No decorrer da observação participante foram realizadas entrevistas informais com participantes, registradas em diário de campo, além do uso de fotografias e vídeos. Ao final da observação participante, que durou seis meses, foram realizadas 16 entrevistas em profundidade, gravadas e transcritas. Utilizaram-se técnicas de análise de discurso. Seis diferentes categorias de significados emergiram do trabalho de campo: (1 significado hedônico; (2 espaço de sociabilidade; (3 nostalgia; (4 qualidade de vida; (5 (reconstrução da identidade e; (6 aprendizado. Verificou-se que a imersão nesta atividade de lazer permitiu aos idosos participantes produzirem uma ressignificação da Terceira Idade.

Fatores associados aos sintomas depressivos em idosos: estudo EpiFloripa

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Lucelia Justino Borges

2013-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO Analisar a prevalência e fatores associados a sintomas depressivos em idosos. MÉTODOS Estudo epidemiológico transversal e de base domiciliar (inquérito EpiFloripa Idoso com 1.656 idosos, realizado por conglomerados em dois estágios, setores censitários e domicílios, em Florianópolis, SC. A prevalência de sintomas depressivos (desfecho foi obtida por meio da Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15, e testadas associações segundo variáveis sociodemográficas, de saúde, comportamentais e sociais. Foram calculadas razões de prevalências brutas e ajustadas com intervalo de 95% de confiança por regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS A prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi de 23,9% (IC95% 21,84;26,01. Os fatores de risco associados no modelo final foram: escolaridade de cinco a oito anos (RP = 1,50; IC95% 1,08; 2,08, um a quatro anos (RP = 1,62; IC95% 1,18; 2,23 e nenhum ano de estudo (RP = 2,11; IC95% 1,46;3,05; situação econômica pior quando comparada com a que tinha aos 50 anos (RP = 1,33; IC95% 1,02;1,74; déficit cognitivo (RP = 1,45; IC95% 1,21;1,75; percepção de saúde regular (RP = 1,95; IC95% 1,47;2,60 e ruim (RP = 2,64; IC95% 1,82;3,83; dependência funcional (RP = 1,83; IC95% 1,43; 2,33; e dor crônica (RP = 1,35; IC95% 1,10;1,67. Grupo etário de 70 a 79 anos (RP = 0,77; IC95% 0,64;0,93; atividade física de lazer (RP = 0,75; IC95% 0,59;0,94; participação em grupos de convivência ou religiosos (RP = 0,80; IC95% 0,64;0,99; e ter relação sexual (RP = 0,70; IC95% 0,53;0,94 mostraram-se fatores protetores ao aparecimento dos sintomas depressivos. CONCLUSÕES Situação clínica adversa, desvantagem socioeconômica e pouca atividade social e sexual mostraram-se associadas aos sintomas depressivos em idosos.

Eficácia de pamoato de pirantel, isolado ou associado ao triclorfon, no controle de ciatostomíneos de eqüinos

OpenAIRE

Marcelo de Campos Pereira; Maurício Del Bigio; Reinaldo de Campos

1994-01-01

Através de estudo comparativo, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência anti-helmíntica de pamoato de pirantel, isolado ou associado ao triclorfon, no controle de estrongilídeos de eqüinos da raça Puro Sangue Inglês. As coproculturas realizadas antes e após os tratamentos levaram consistentemente ao encontro de populações puras de ciatostomíneos com oito células intestinais. As reduções de ovos por grama de fezes foram avaliadas do 7º. ao 45º. dias pós-tratamento. Comparando os valores médios de OPG...

Reações de alergia provocadas pelo látex: um alerta aos trabalhadores da área da saúde

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Rosimeire Aparecida Mendes Lopes

1999-09-01

Full Text Available É apresentado um levantamento bibliográfico de artigos referentes às reações de alergia ao látex, publicados nos últimos anos. O primeiro artigo sobre reação de alergia associado ao uso do látex foi publicado em 1979, na Grã-Bretanha, e desde então, de forma crescente, outros casos têm sido relatados(Barion, 1993. As reações do Tipo I (reação imediata e Tipo IV (resposta tardia estão envolvidas nos processos de alergia ao látex (Steelman, 1995. Uma das explicações para a alergia por contato é o processo inadequado de lavagem durante a manufatura, com retenção de proteínas hidrossolúveis que causam reação alérgica em pessoas susceptíveis. Na literatura são descritos casos de reações que variam de dermatite de contato à choque anafilático. Conclui-se que os achados evidenciam a necessidade da equipe de saúde ter conhecimento das implicações prováveis da alergia ao látex.

Osteosíntesis mini-invasiva con placas bloqueadas en fracturas metafisarias distales de tibia. Resultados clínico-funcionales. [Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in distal metaphyseal fractures of tibia. Comparison of results between fractures AO 43A and AO 43C.

OpenAIRE

Juan Manuel Yañez Arauz; Ignacio Arzac Ulla; Javier Del Vecchio; Andres Eksarho; Leandro Civetta; Rodrigo Perez Davila

2015-01-01

Introducción Las fracturas distales de tibia son un desafío para el tratamiento debido a la escasa cobertura y particular vascularización. Los objetivos del presente estudio son analizar los resultados clínicos y funcionales de los pacientes con fractura de tibia distal; tratados con técnica MIPO (minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis) con placas bloqueadas; comparar los resultados del grupo de fracturas tipo AO 43A con las tipo AO 43C1-C2; y comparar los resultados MIPO con el tratamie...

Um modelo de programação orientado ao desenvolvimento de sistemas ubíquos

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Alex Sandro Garzão

2014-04-01

Full Text Available A tarefa de desenvolver aplicações ubíquas nos modelos tradicionais de programação torna-se um desafio pois a maioria desses modelos baseia-se em premissas estáticas de arquitetura, dados, aplicação e sistemas operacionais. Por isso o presente trabalho propõe o \\textit{Ubiquitous Oriented Programming} (abreviadamente UOP, um modelo de programação orientado ao desenvolvimento de sistemas ubíquos. O UOP utiliza os conceitos de serviços e da programação orientada a objetos, integrando-os com requisitos necessários em aplicações ubíquas como compartilhamento de informações contextuais, sensibilidade ao contexto, adaptação ao contexto, mobilidade de código e concorrência. O ambiente do UOP é composto por uma linguagem de programação (UbiL, um compilador (UbiC e por uma máquina virtual (UbiVM que suporta a execução das aplicações desenvolvidas em UbiL. O modelo foi avaliado de forma experimental, onde uma aplicação foi criada e então simulada através de um cenário de comércio ubíquo. Através desse experimento concluiu-se que o UOP facilitou o desenvolvimento dessa aplicação.

Apelo ao consenso e impossibilidades da retórica: o caso do XI governo constitucional português

OpenAIRE

Lopo, Teresa Teixeira

2016-01-01

Resumo Neste artigo analisa-se como se formulou o apelo ao consenso no discurso pedagógico oficial do XI governo constitucional português, considerando os valores orientadores do processo de decisão e as crenças associadas ao impacto da política educativa e os seus resultados, em termos dos consensos alcançados na relação com os partidos políticos com representação parlamentar. Verificou-se ter sido uma construção retórica feliz do discurso, a desencadear, para além da concordância naturalmen...

Desempenho de genótipos de aveia branca em resposta ao estresse por alumínio

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Solange Ferreira da Silveira Silveira

2013-01-01

Full Text Available A aveia branca (Avena sativa L. é uma cultura que tem um papel importante no sistema de produção de grãos e integração lavoura-pecuária, no entanto, em algumas regiões brasileiras, o pleno estabelecimento e desenvolvimento dessa cultura, bem como o aumento de produtividade são inviabilizados pelo excesso de alumínio (Al nos solos. A avaliação de caracteres de plântulas de aveia desenvolvidas sob cultivo hidropônico com adoção de solução nutritiva mínima pode ser eficiente para classificar genótipos sensíveis e tolerantes ao Al. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho de 10 genótipos de aveia submetidos ao estresse por Al, baseando-se na análise da retomada do crescimento da raiz, com uso de solução mínima e identificando quais caracteres se mantêm correlacionados. Foram adotadas diferentes doses de Al (0, 3, 6, e 9 mg L-1 de Al. Com uso de solução mínima, a dose de 6 mg L-1 de Al é a mais adequada na diferenciação de genótipos sensíveis e tolerantes. Dentre os genótipos estudados, UFRGS 14, UFRGS 19 e URS Guapa são os mais tolerantes e UPFA 20, UPF 18 e IAC 7, os mais sensíveis ao Al. Com o objetivo de classificar genótipos de aveia entre sensíveis e tolerantes ao Al, nenhuma outra variável pode ser utilizada em substituição à retomada do crescimento da raiz.

ADESÃO DE HIPERTENSOS E DIABÉTICOS ANALFABETOS AO USO DE MEDICAMENTO A PARTIR DA PRESCRIÇÃO PICTOGRÁFICA

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Guilherme Souza Cavalcanti de Albuquerque

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Resumo A baixa adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso constitui grave entrave para o sucesso do controle de doenças como o diabetes e a hipertensão arterial. Este artigo trata de um estudo que partiu da identificação do analfabetismo como importante causa de não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso para diabéticos e hipertensos participantes do programa Hiperdia em unidade de saúde do município de Colombo, no estado do Paraná. Teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto de prescrição pictórica na adesão ao tratamento. Analisou-se um grupo de 63 diabéticos e hipertensos que participavam do Hiperdia, para os quais aplicou-se uma entrevista estruturada, com posterior análise do conteúdo, antes e depois da implantação de uma prescrição pictográfica. Como resultado, entre os analfabetos, observou-se a elevação da adesão de 60% para 93,33% em relação ao tratamento medicamentoso. No grupo de alfabetizados não houve mudança na adesão. Conclui-se, no entanto, que esse tipo de intervenção é limitado para a melhora da condição de saúde dos pacientes, pois o aumento da adesão se dá em relação tanto ao tratamento medicamentoso quanto à precariedade.

Mitochondria-localized phospholipase A2, AoPlaA, in Aspergillus oryzae displays phosphatidylethanolamine-specific activity and is involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial phospholipid composition.

Science.gov (United States)

Kotani, Shohei; Izawa, Sho; Komai, Noriyuki; Takayanagi, Ayumi; Arioka, Manabu

2016-11-01

In mammals, cytosolic phospholipases A 2 (cPLA 2 s) play important physiological roles by releasing arachidonic acid, a precursor for bioactive lipid mediators, from the biological membranes. In contrast, fungal cPLA 2 -like proteins are much less characterized and their roles have remained elusive. AoPlaA is a cPLA 2 -like protein in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae which, unlike mammalian cPLA 2 , localizes to mitochondria. In this study, we investigated the biochemical and physiological functions of AoPlaA. Recombinant AoPlaA produced in E. coli displayed Ca 2+ -independent lipolytic activity. Mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that AoPlaA displayed PLA 2 activity to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), but not to other phospholipids, and generated 1-acylated lysoPE. Catalytic site mutants of AoPlaA displayed almost no or largely reduced activity to PE. Consistent with PE-specific activity of AoPlaA, AoplaA-overexpressing strain showed decreased PE content in the mitochondrial fraction. In contrast, AoplaA-disruption strain displayed increased content of cardiolipin. AoplaA-overexpressing strain, but not its counterparts overexpressing the catalytic site mutants, exhibited retarded growth at low temperature, possibly because of the impairment of the mitochondrial function caused by excess degradation of PE. These results suggest that AoPlaA is a novel PE-specific PLA 2 that plays a regulatory role in the maintenance of mitochondrial phospholipid composition. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

SOCIALISMO E TEOLOGIA FACE AOS ACONTECIMENTOS DO LESTE EUROPEU

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. Editorial

1990-01-01

Full Text Available Com os fatos que se atropelaram no Leste europeu, determinada realização histórica do socialismo — a leninista-estalinista — chegou ao fim. As repercussões deste fato atingem o mundo inteiro, desde a própria Rússia, o centro do sistema, até as longínquas periferias do socialismo chamado ''real", em Cuba e Nicarágua, e também, de modo paradoxal, a África do Sul, onde o desmantelamento do socialismo soviético diminuiu o medo dos afrikaanders brancos diante do movimento antiapartheid, suspeito de ser um posto avançado do comunismo mundial.

Respostas de pupunheiras (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) jovens ao alagamento

OpenAIRE

Carvalho Cláudio José Reis de; Ishida Françoise Yoko

2002-01-01

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos do encharcamento do solo sobre a condutância estomática, o conteúdo relativo de água, o teor de clorofila e a concentração de N, P, K e de açúcares solúveis nos tecidos das folhas, bulbos e raízes de pupunheiras (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) jovens. Plantas com seis meses de idade foram submetidas ao alagamento das raízes por períodos contínuos de sete, 14 e 21 dias. O alagamento induziu o fechamento dos estômatos, apesar de os tecidos das folhas te...

El masaje en el aula de 2-3 a??os

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Navidad Morales, Carolina

2015-01-01

Se presenta el masaje infantil con una nueva visi??n donde es definido como instrumento de relaci??n y comunicaci??n entre el ni??o de 2-3 a??os con su entorno pr??ximo, concretamente con el adulto del aula. Se busca la defensa del recurso del masaje para emplear dentro del aula, utilizando como base las aportaciones de diferentes autores y las experiencias vividas en diferentes pa??ses. De estas ideas se concluyen los beneficios que aporta el masaje y la rutina posible a desarrollar dentro d...

Soil microbial biomass under pine forests in the north-western Spain: influence of stand age, site index and parent material

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mahia, J.; Perez-Ventura, L.; Cabaneiro, A.; Diaz-Ravina, M.

2006-07-01

The effects of stand age, site index and parent material on soil biochemical properties related to biomass (extractable C, microbial C and metabolic quotient) were examined in the 0-15 cm mineral soil layers of Pinus pinaster and Pinus sylvestris stand from NW Spain. Two productivity levels (low and high site index), two ages (young and old) and two parent soil materials (granite and acid schists) were considered. The data indicated that there were differences in microbial parameters in soils under different species. In general in P. pinaster forest higher values of biochemical parameters expressed on organic C basis, were observed in the stands of high site index as compared with the low ones; in contrast, in P. sylvestris no differences among stand site index were detected. In both species different results were also observed depending on parent material and a significant effect of stand age was detected for extractable C and microbial C in P. pinaster forest developed over granite. The data seem to indicate that measured parameters may have the potential to be used as indicators of the effect of forest management on soil organic matter quality. (Author) 25 refs.

An experimental study of 99Tcm-PnAO-nitroimidazole and 99Tcm-HL91 in detection of myocardial hypoxia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yao Zhiming; Liu Xiujie; Shi Rongfang; Guo Feng; Liu Yunzhong; Wang Qi; Wei Hongxing; Zhu Lin

1999-01-01

Objective: To investigate the biological characteristics of two hypoxic-avid imaging agents, 99 Tc m -PnAO-nitroimidazole and 99 Tc m -HL91, and the experimental myocardial hypoxia, low perfusion and ischemic reperfusion were performed. Methods: Isolated rat hearts were retrograde perfused with Kerbs-Henscleit buffer (KH) in four phantoms: control, low perfusion, ischemic reperfusion and hypoxia. Control hearts were perfused with 95% O 2 and 5% CO 2 balanced KH at 9∼10 mL/min rate. Low perfusion hearts were perfused with the same KH at 1 mL/min rate, and ischemic reperfusion rat hearts were discontinued perfusion for 20 min then reperfused with the same KH. Hypoxic hearts were perfused with 100% N 2 balanced KH. Results: 1) At 30 and 60 min, the radioactivity ratio of liver to heart (L/H) was 11.6 and 6.9 ( 99 Tc m -PnAO-nitroimidazole), and 5.7 and 6.2 ( 99 Tc m -HL91), respectively. The lung to heart ratios at 60 min of 99 Tc m -PnAO-nitroimidazole and 99 Tc m -HL91 were 1.8 and 2.1, respectively 2) The accumulation of 99 Tc m -PnAo-nitroimidazole in the hypoxic, low perfusion and ischemic hearts was 4.8, 3.7 and 2.8 times that in the control hearts. At 60 min after starting washout, the retentions of 99 Tc m -PnAO-nitroimidazole in hypoxic, low flow and ischemic reperfusion myocardium were much higher than that of control hearts [(23.7 +- 9.1)%]. The accumulation of 99 Tc m -HL91 in the hypoxic and low perfusion hearts was also significantly higher than that in the control and ischemic reperfusion hearts, P 99 Tc m -HL91 in the low perfusion heart was 5.34, 3.43 and 1.23 times those of control, ischemic reperfusion and hypoxic hearts, respectively. Conclusions: 99 Tc m -PnAO-nitroimidazole can be accumulated in low perfusion, ischemic reperfusion and hypoxic hearts, while 99 Tc m -HL91 is mainly accumulated in hypoxic, specially low perfusion hearts. Since there is a high L/H in perfusions with either agent, the detecting of inferoposterior wall may be

Controle de plantas daninhas na cultura de soja resistente ao glyphosate

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Núbia Maria Correia

2010-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o controle de plantas daninhas em área cultivada com soja resistente ao herbicida glyphosate, sem a utilização de práticas complementares de manejo de plantas daninhas. Foram desenvolvidos experimentos, em condições de campo, nos anos agrícolas 2005/2006 e 2006/2007 em Jaboticabal (SP. Foram avaliadas duas cultivares de soja resistentes ao glyphosate (CD 214 RR e M-SOY 8008 RR, oito tratamentos de herbicidas (glyphosate, em aplicação única, nas doses de 0,48; 0,72; 0,96 e 1,20 kg ha-1 de equivalente ácido, associadas ou não a aplicação sequencial na dose de 0,48 kg ha-1, além de duas testemunhas, uma capinada e outra mantida infestada. As cultivares de soja influenciaram na infestação das espécies de plantas daninhas na área. Sem a aplicação de glyphosate, houve o predomínio de X. strumarium na área, desfavorecendo a ocorrência de outras espécies. Quando utilizado glyphosate, independentemente da dose, a infestação contabilizada aos 35 e 40 dias após a primeira aplicação, no primeiro e segundo ano, respectivamente, foi baixa. O controle de plantas daninhas na cultura da soja transgênica é diretamente influenciado pela dose de glyphosate, havendo controle satisfatório com a aplicação única de 0,96 kg ha-1 ou a sequencial de 0,48 + 0,48 kg ha-1 de glyphosate. Em situação de menor infestação (2006/2007, a aplicação única de 0,48 kg ha-1 de glyphosate é suficiente para o controle das plantas daninhas. As cultivares de soja transgênica CD 214 RR e M-SOY 8008 RR influenciam diferencialmente a dinâmica das espécies de plantas daninhas, sendo o controle químico mais efetivo na situação de cultivo de M-SOY 8008 RR, em que houve menor diversidade e desenvolvimento das plantas daninhas.

Permeabilidade ao ar em Latossolo Vermelho sob diferentes sistemas de manejo

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Sueli Rodrigues

2011-02-01

Full Text Available A permeabilidade ao ar pode ser utilizada para avaliar alterações que ocorrem na estrutura do solo em virtude da adoção de diferentes sistemas de manejo. Este estudo testou a hipótese de que o menor revolvimento do solo sob sistema plantio direto resulta na formação de poros mais contínuos e melhor condição de aeração no solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio da permeabilidade ao ar (Ka, da porosidade de aeração (εa e dos índices de continuidade de poros (K1 e N, a aeração em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico sob preparo convencional (PC e sistema plantio direto (SPD. Oitenta amostras de solo (2 tratamentos x 2 profundidades x 20 repetições com estrutura indeformada foram coletadas de cada sistema de manejo do solo nas profundidades de 0-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m em área experimental do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, no município de Ponta Grossa, Paraná. Depois de saturadas e equilibradas em seis potenciais mátricos (-2, -6, -10, -30, -70 e -100 kPa, determinou-se a permeabilidade ao ar e a porosidade de aeração em cada potencial. Também foram determinados a densidade do solo, a densidade de partícula, o carbono orgânico e a porosidade. A densidade do solo não consistiu em fator limitante, ficando abaixo do limite crítico para solos argilosos nos dois sistemas. No SPD, o maior volume de microporos resultou em maior retenção de água no intervalo de umidade avaliado (-2 a -100 kPa e em maior volume de poros bloqueados para o fluxo de ar (εb, ou seja, redução de Ka. Na profundidade avaliada (00,20 m, os índices de continuidade de poros (K1 e N revelaram que o PC apresentou poros mais contínuos do que o SPD, contradizendo a hipótese testada.

Induced abortion is not associated with a higher likelihood of depression in Curaçao women.

Science.gov (United States)

Boersma, Adriana A; van den Berg, Desirée; van Lunsen, Rik H W; Laan, Ellen T M

2014-10-01

To investigate the risk of developing a depression after induced abortion. A prospective cohort study conducted in Curaçao which involved 92 women having an induced abortion and 37 women delivering after an unplanned or unwanted pregnancy, who served as controls. All participants completed the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale before and two to three weeks after the abortion or delivery. Following the abortion, significantly fewer women were at risk of depression (30%) as compared to when still pregnant (60%). Mean depression scores were significantly lower after- than before the procedure. The likelihood of depression post-abortum (30%) was similar to that after delivery of an unplanned/unwanted child (22%). Even though women in the abortion group more often reported having suffered from depression in the past than controls, they were not at greater risk of depression after their pregnancy had ended. Curaçao women's risk of developing a depression following an (early) induced abortion is not greater than that after carrying to term an unplanned/unwanted pregnancy. We recommend that the results of this study be taken into account in case the Curaçao government should consider legalisation of induced abortion in the near future.

Resistência ao pendoamento de genótipos de alface em ambientes de cultivo

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Andrieli Oliveira da Luz

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a resistência ao pendoamento de cultivares comerciais de alface tipo crespa em ambientes, no experimento conduzido na área experimental pertencente à UNEMAT de Cáceres-MT foram avaliados 35 tratamentos, utilizando de-lineamento experimental em blocos casualizados no esquema fatorial 5 x 7, sendo cinco cultivares de alface (Isabela, Vera, Verônica, Veneranda e Cinderela x sete ambientes de cultivo (campo aberto, sombrite 30%, sombrite 40%, sombrite 50%, termorefletora 30%, termorefletora 40%, termorefletora 50%  com 4 repetições, tendo um total de 140 parcelas compostas de 24 plantas cada, das quais 12 foram utilizadas para avaliações   da altura da planta realizada semanalmente após o transplante e número de dias para emissão do pendão foral a partir da semeadura. Foi observado que na maioria dos ambientes as cultivares ‘Verônica’ e ‘Cinderela’ tiveram uma menor média de dias para pendoar assim  como maior  comprimento do  caule  e o ambiente  com  termorefletora 50% apresentou melhores condições para o cultivo de alface. Conclui-se que a cultivar ‘Isabela’  é a mais  tolerante ao pendoamento  e o ambiente  com  termorefletora 50% apresentou-se como o mais favorável ao cultivo de alface para região de Cáceres-MT, pois nele as cultivares demoraram mais para pendoar.

NÃveis de isoleucina digestÃvel para suÃnos machos castrados dos 15 aos 30 kg

OpenAIRE

Doglas Batista Lazzeri

2011-01-01

Com o objetivo de determinar a exigÃncia de isoleucina digestÃvel para suÃnos machos castrados dos 15 aos 30 kg de peso vivo, foram realizados dois experimentos, um de digestibilidade e outro de desempenho. Para determinar o coeficiente de digestibilidade ileal dos aminoÃcidos da raÃÃo basal, foram utilizados 10 suÃnos, machos castrados, mestiÃos, com peso mÃdio inicial de 15,00Â0,27 kg, alojados individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo, em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com dois tra...

O DIREITO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO NACIONAL SUSTENTÁVEL E SUA PROMOÇÃO POR MEIO DA LICITAÇÃO

OpenAIRE

Araujo, Carolline Negreiros

2014-01-01

O direito ao desenvolvimento nacional sustentável tem influenciado a legislação brasileira que vem criando mecanismos para sua concretização. Neste artigo abordamos a importância da observação desse direito fundamental pela administração pública, principalmente quanto aos procedimentos licitatórios, objetivando verificar as maneiras corretas de aplicação e explicando os motivos que levaram a inclusão desta finalidade de promoção do desenvolvimento nacional sustentável. A pesquisa foi realizad...

Potencial de fertilizantes e corretivos no aporte de micronutrientes ao solo

OpenAIRE

Vinícius Gedeão Bezerra de Carvalho; Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento; Caroline Miranda Biondi

2012-01-01

Fertilizantes e corretivos, ao serem aplicados nos solos, fornecem micronutrientes como impurezas residuais da sua fabricação, os quais podem ser importantes fontes para as culturas. Em decorrência disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar os teores dos micronutrientes Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn e Ni em fertilizantes e corretivos comercializados no Nordeste brasileiro, visando avaliar o potencial desses insumos no fornecimento indireto de micronutrientes às culturas agrícolas. Os insumos analisado...

Frequência de adesão aos "10 Passos para uma Alimentação Saudável" em escolares adolescentes

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Shanda de Freitas Couto

2014-05-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência de adesão aos "10 Passos para uma Alimentação Saudável" do Ministério da Saúde, em adolescentes de escolas de Ensino médio de Pelotas (RS. Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base escolar incluindo 1233 adolescentes de 13 a 19 anos. A frequência de cada passo foi coletada através de um questionário de frequência de consumo de alguns alimentos e outros aspectos contidos nos "10 Passos". A média de passos alcançados foi de 1,8. Ressalta-se que nenhum adolescente aderiu a todos os passos recomendados A maior frequência de adesão foi encontrada no passo 4, referente ao consumo de arroz e feijão; e menores frequência de adesão nos passos 7, referentes ao consumo de refrigerantes, sucos industrializados, doces e guloseimas, e passo 3, relativo ao consumo de Frutas/legumes/hortaliças. A adesão aos "10 passos para uma alimentação saudável" pelos adolescentes foi muito baixa. Considerando a importância de uma alimentação saudável na adolescência, recomenda-se maior investimento em políticas públicas na área de alimentação e nutrição.

Mecanismos e fatores associados aos sintomas gastrointestinais em pacientes com diabetes melito

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Mônica Loureiro Celino Rodrigues

2012-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Apresentar a frequência, os principais fatores causadores dos sintomas gastrointestinais em pacientes portadores do diabetes melito e controvérsias quanto à sua ocorrência em crianças e adolescentes. FONTES DOS DADOS: Revisão não sistemática nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed e SciELO (1983-2011, além de capítulos de livros relevantes. Foram selecionados os artigos mais atuais e representativos do tema. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A prevalência do diabetes melito vem aumentando ao longo dos anos em vários países do mundo. No sistema digestório, é conhecida a ocorrência de complicações do diabetes melito, entre elas os sintomas gastrointestinais (náuseas, vômitos, dor abdominal, azia, disfagia, constipação, diarreia e incontinência fecal. A patogênese das alterações das funções gastrointestinais no diabetes melito está ainda sob investigação, e o papel do sistema nervoso entérico e seus neurotransmissores tem ganhado significância. Em decorrência do comprometimento do sistema digestório, com danos ao sistema nervoso entérico, portadores do diabetes melito podem apresentar quadros específicos de distúrbios de motilidade, alguns de grande relevância clínica, como gastroparesia diabética, constipação e diarreia. A disfunção deste sistema contribui para aumentar a morbidade desta doença e piora a qualidade de vida de seus portadores. CONCLUSÕES: O diabetes melito, ao longo dos anos, afeta o sistema digestório. Por ser uma condição que piora a qualidade de vida dos portadores e também pode indicar complicação da doença, deve ser valorizada no acompanhamento e tratamento do paciente com diabetes melito. Na infância e na adolescência, ainda existem poucos estudos que abordam o problema.

O Método Delfos Aplicado ao Turismo no Espaço Rural

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Rosane Maria Lanzer

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE O Brasil encontra-se na quarta posição quanto ao desenvolvimento da atividade de Turismo Rural, sendo superado somente pela Espanha, Portugal e Argentina. O Turismo Rural no Brasil pode ser explicado por três fatores principais: o interesse dos habitantes do meio urbano em conviver com a natureza, a necessidade do produtor em diversificar sua fonte de renda e de agregar valor aos seus produtos. O método Delfos, criado nos anos de 1950, tem por objetivo gerar informações sobre o futuro. O método se constitui em uma sondagem multifásica, desenvolvida com a participação de um grupo de especialistas no assunto, onde o consenso sobre determinado tópico representaria uma tendência. A aplicação desse método feita em 2003, tendo como horizonte 2010, identificou as possíveis tendências para o turismo no espaço rural. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a prospecção realizada se concretizou. Nesse estudo foram consideradas quatro questões: 1 o aumento ou diminuição do turismo rural como alternativa de renda; 2 aumento do número de turistas acima de 65 anos; 3 incremento da participação feminina no gerenciamento dos empreendimentos e 4 quando o número de propriedades integradas ao turismo rural chegará a 8.000. Com exceção da questão 2, as respostas otimistas dadas pelos especialistas foram corroboradas por meio das informações obtidas. A previsão de aumento, não demasiado otimista, no número de turistas com idade acima de 65 anos, não pode ser confirmada, ainda que tenha sido constatado na população brasileira um maior número de indivíduos nessa faixa etária.  

Marketing de Relacionamento: Agregando Valor ao Negócio com Big Data

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Ana Cláudia Borges Coutrim dos Reis

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Nos últimos anos, as constantes inovações tecnológicas, o aumento exponencial do volume de dados, junto às evoluções nas tendências de consumo, geraram um cenário global de grandes desafios para as organizações. O uso de tecnologias de Big Data, para análise do volume crescente de dados, disponíveis no mundo virtual globalizado, oferece uma nova visão sobre o mercado e pode contribuir com o futuro das organizações, por meio da disponibilização de informações de qualidade que apoiarão fortemente a tomada de decisão. Nesse cenário de alta competitividade, considerar o contexto de análises de dados, com o uso de tecnologias de Big Data, pode ampliar a visão das empresas para as tendências do mercado, favorecendo a identificação de estratégias melhor direcionadas aos perfis de comportamentos e preferências de consumo. O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar como o uso das tecnologias de Big Data pode ampliar a capacidade do marketing de relacionamento das organizações, agregando valor ao negócio. Os resultados demonstram que as organizações que fazem uso das tecnologias de Big Data, conseguem melhor definir suas estratégias de marketing de relacionamento com os clientes, obtendo como resultados relacionamentos mais duradouros com o mercado e seus clientes e retornos favoráveis aos seus negócios. Em um futuro próximo, a utilização de Big Data, para ampliação das estratégias de marketing de relacionamento, serão regras de sobrevivência para as organizações. O diferencial estará na forma como o gestor interpretará as informações disponíveis e agirá para alcançar os resultados almejados.

Aprendizagem ao longo da vida, subjetividade e a sociedade totalmente pedagogizada = Lifelong learning, subjectivity and the totally pedagogised society

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Ball, Stephen J.

2013-01-01

Full Text Available O aprendiz ao longo da vida é um dos temas de maior destaque e sobre determinação no âmbito das políticas educacionais atuais e de algumas versões correntes da teoria social. A aprendizagem ao longo da vida está sujeita a um fluxo constante de exaustivas declarações políticas e os textos sobre esse tema estão saturados de ficções políticas. 1 Essas declarações e textos esboçam os contornos e algumas dimensões do que pode ser uma nova totalidade social, da qual a aprendizagem ao longo da vida é um componente significativo. Este artigo explora alguns dos elementos principais desta nova totalidade social e está organizado em torno de uma trajetória de aprendizagem ao longo da vida. Ele concentra-se particularmente em três “momentos” ou cenários de aprendizagem e subjetividade: o aprendiz pré-escolar e a “maternagem total”; o aprendiz da educação pós-obrigatória e a sociedade de trabalho; e o aprendiz adulto e a “autoajuda”. São identificadas quatro temáticas discursivas que perpassam de modo destacado esses três momentos: empresa, responsabilidade, educabilidade e mercadorias

Photon counting arrays for AO wavefront sensors

CERN Document Server

Vallerga, J; McPhate, J; Mikulec, Bettina; Clark, Allan G; Siegmund, O; CERN. Geneva

2005-01-01

Future wavefront sensors for AO on large telescopes will require a large number of pixels and must operate at high frame rates. Unfortunately for CCDs, there is a readout noise penalty for operating faster, and this noise can add up rather quickly when considering the number of pixels required for the extended shape of a sodium laser guide star observed with a large telescope. Imaging photon counting detectors have zero readout noise and many pixels, but have suffered in the past with low QE at the longer wavelengths (>500 nm). Recent developments in GaAs photocathode technology, CMOS ASIC readouts and FPGA processing electronics have resulted in noiseless WFS detector designs that are competitive with silicon array detectors, though at ~40% the QE of CCDs. We review noiseless array detectors and compare their centroiding performance with CCDs using the best available characteristics of each. We show that for sub-aperture binning of 6x6 and greater that noiseless detectors have a smaller centroid error at flu...

Toxicologia do tolueno: aspectos relacionados ao abuso

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Forster Letícia M.K.

1994-01-01

Full Text Available O tolueno está presente em muitos produtos de uso doméstico e industrial e é o principal solvente envolvido no abuso de substâncias e na exposição ocupacional. O problema mais grave no estudo de patologias relacionadas ao tolueno é que este está geralmente associado, em suas preparações comerciais, a outras substâncias. O potencial tóxico do tolueno foi abordado nos seguintes aspectos: parâmetros farmacológicos; características físico-químicas; exposição; estudos clínicos; diagnóstico; pesquisa experimental; tolerância e dependência; efeitos agudos e crônicos; neurotoxicidade; teratogenicidade; doenças psiquiátricas; carcinogenicidade e tratamento. Conclui-se ser de grande importância e urgência que se realizem estudos clínicos com amostras maiores para definição mais precisa das conseqüências do uso crônico

Toxicologia do tolueno: aspectos relacionados ao abuso

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Letícia M.K. Forster

1994-04-01

Full Text Available O tolueno está presente em muitos produtos de uso doméstico e industrial e é o principal solvente envolvido no abuso de substâncias e na exposição ocupacional. O problema mais grave no estudo de patologias relacionadas ao tolueno é que este está geralmente associado, em suas preparações comerciais, a outras substâncias. O potencial tóxico do tolueno foi abordado nos seguintes aspectos: parâmetros farmacológicos; características físico-químicas; exposição; estudos clínicos; diagnóstico; pesquisa experimental; tolerância e dependência; efeitos agudos e crônicos; neurotoxicidade; teratogenicidade; doenças psiquiátricas; carcinogenicidade e tratamento. Conclui-se ser de grande importância e urgência que se realizem estudos clínicos com amostras maiores para definição mais precisa das conseqüências do uso crônico