Histologia da pele do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus e testes de resistência do couro - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2071 Histology of skin of Piaractus mesopotamicus and leather resistance tests - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2071

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Petra Maria Wagner

2003-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho analisou a morfologia da pele do pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887, e, após curtimento, a resistência do couro. Observou-se que a derme apresenta uma camada superficial com fibras finas, juntas e entrelaçadas, sem diferenciação quanto à disposição das mesmas e uma camada profunda, com fibras mais finas e espaçadas; e à medida que se distanciam da epiderme, os feixes de fibras tornam-se mais espessos, juntos e entrelaçados. A resistência à tração foi significativamente menor no sentido longitudinal (5,93 N/mm2 comparada ao transversal (13,81 N/mm2 em relação ao comprimento do corpo. O valor de alongamento até a ruptura foi superior (p0,05 para rasgamento progressivo. A resistência do couro à tração e alongamento foi superior no sentido transversal ao comprimento do corpo do peixe e não houve diferença para o rasgamento progressivo entre os cortes analisados (transversal e longitudinal. Sendo assim, a média da tração foi 9,87 N/mm2 e 64,59% de elongação, estando dentro dos padrões exigidos para ser utilizado na confecção de vestuário.This work study the histology of skin of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887, and after tanning, the leather resistance. Dermis showed a superficial layer with thin, united and interlaced fibers and a inner layer with thinner and spacer fibers. When this layer keeped away from epidermis, the sheaf fibers became thicker, uniter and interlacer. The resistance to tension of body length was significatively inferior in longitudinal sense (5.93 N/mm when compared with transversal sense (13.81 N/mm. The extension value until the rupture was superior (P0.05 to progressive tearing. The leather resistance to tension and extension was higher in transversal sense to body lenght of fish and there wasn’t difference to progressive tearing between the section analysed. Thus, the tension was 9.87 N/mm and 64.59% of elongation that are inside the standard require to

Alterações hematológicas e histopatológicas em pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes, Characidae, Hematological and histopathological alteration in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes, Characidae after treatment with copper sulphate (CuSO4

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Flávio Ruas de Moraes

2002-05-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho avaliou os valores hematológicos e glicêmicos e histopatologia de Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes, Characidae infectados com Monogenea Anacanthorus penilabiatus Boeger, Husak & Martins, 1995 (Dactylogyridae após tratamento com 0,50 mg/L e 1,00 mg/L de sulfato de cobre (CuSO4. A eficiência da droga sobre as infecções com Monogenea foi observada no primeiro dia após administração mas não após 8, 15 ou 30 dias do tratamento. As análises histopatológicas mostraram hiperplasia do epitélio e alterações circulatórias nas brânquias. No primeiro dia após tratamento, foram observadas alterações significativas (P4 mostraram redução da taxa de hemoglobina e do percentual de neutrófilos. No 8o dia do tratamento a dose de 1,00 mg/L provocou aumento da glicemia mas redução no percentual de linfócitos quando comparada com 0,50 mg/L. No 15o dia após tratamento com 1,00 mg/L os valores médios do volume corpuscular médio e o percentual de células granulocíticas especiais (C.G.E. decresceram mas o número de leucócitos totais aumentaram. No 30o dia após tratamento com 0,50 mg/L de sulfato de cobre houve aumento de C.G.E. e no tratamento com 1,00 mg/L o aumento foi de linfócitos.This paper evaluated the haematological and glycaemic parameters in Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes, Characidae infected with Monogenea Anacanthorus penilabiatus Boeger, Husak & Martins, 1995 (Dactylogyridae after treatment with 0.50 mg/L and 1.00 mg/L of copper sulphate (CuSO4. The efficacy of the CuSO4 was observed in the first day after administration but not after eight, fifteen or thirty days. The histopathological analyses showed hyperplasia of the epithelium and circulatory changes in the gills. In the first day after treatment significant changes (Pth day. Fifteen days after 1.00 mg/L treatment, values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV and special granulocitic cells (S.G.C. percentage decreased. Nevertheless, increase of

Aging and growth parameter from the Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu from the Cuiabá river, Mato Grosso, Brazil

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Angela M. Ambrosio

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This study has aims to determine the age and to estimate the growth parameters using scales of the species. Individuals of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 used in this study were captured in the commercial fishery conducted in the region, along the year 2006. The model selected to express the growth of the species was the von Bertalanffy Sl= Sl∞*[1-exp-k(t-to]. To determine if scales are suitable for studying the growth of pacu, we analyzed the relation between standard length (Sl and the radius of the scales through linear regression. The period of annuli formation was determined analyzing the variations in the marginal increment and evaluating the consistency of the readings through the analysis of the coefficient of variations (CVs for the average standard lengths of each age (number of rings observed in the scales. The relationship between Ls of the fish and the radius of the scales showed that scales can be used to study the age and growth of P. mesopotamicus (R= 0.79. CVs were always below 20%, demonstrating the consistency of the readings. Annuli formation occurred in February, probably related to trophic migration that occurs in this month in the region. Equations that represents the growth in length obtained for P. mesopotamicus are Sl=50.00*[1-exp-0.18(t-(-3.00] for males and Sl=59.23*[1-exp-0.14(t-(-3.36] for females. The growth parameters obtained in this study were lower compared to other studies previously conducted for the same species and can related to overexploitation that species is submitted by fishing in the region. These values show also that females of pacu attain greater asymptotic length than males that growth faster.

Hook selectivity of the pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 in the Pantanal, the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

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J. Peixer

Full Text Available The Pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus is the most captured fish species in the Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul State, and since 1994, its maximum sustainable yield had already been exceeded. Its capture is carried out only by hooks, as mesh gears are forbidden either for professional or for recreational fishing. The aim of this study was to determine selectivity for different hook sizes used in P. mesopotamicus fishing and to verify which sizes capture only adults. Data were collected in the rivers Miranda, Aquidauana, and Vermelho, in January, March, and April 2002. Six longlines with eight hook sizes were used and we adopted the hook opening as a measure related to selectivity. Different hooks captured individuals of the same length and their medians were similar, evidencing the great overlap among sizes. Regression results showed no significant relationship between ln[c2 (l/c1 (l] and total length of captured individuals. In addition, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test also did not detect significant differences in the size of captured fish. Several hypotheses, such as the selectivity models, shape of selection curves, scarcity of large fishes, and behavior are used in order to explain the absence of hook selectivity for this species. Size of recruitment for this gear was 28 cm of total length, when individuals are still immature.

Parasitism by Monogenoidea in Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characiformes, Characidae cultivated in Paraná River (Brazil

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M. S. L. Leão

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract This study investigated the occurrence, prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity of monogenoidean parasites in Piaractus mesopotamicus farmed in cages in the reservoir of the Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station, Paraná River, Brazil. The parasite distribution pattern and the correlation of prevalence and abundance with the total length of hosts were also investigated. Four monogenoidean species were collected: Anacanthorus penilabiatus, A. toledoensis, Mymarothecium ianwhitingtoni and M. viatorum. All the parasites collected in P. mesopotamicus showed the typical aggregated distribution pattern, and the abundance and the prevalence did not shown any correlation with the total length of hosts.

Phenotypic plasticity associated to environmental hypoxia in the neotropical serrasalmid Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae

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María Alejandra Fernández-Osuna

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Many South American characid fishes develop reversible dermal protuberances in the jaws to optimize aquatic surface respiration (ASR during hypoxia. To date, basic aspects of this adaptation remain unknown, mainly due to the scarcity of experimental studies. In laboratory experiments, we determined time necessary for the complete formation and reversion of these structures in Piaractus mesopotamicus , and studied comparatively behavioral, morphological, and respiratory responses along gradients of dissolved oxygen (DO concentration. Morphological changes during hypoxia consisted in dermal protuberances of lower lip, anterior border of maxillary and distal border of opercular valve, increasing the known number of structures modified. These structures developed completely in less than 6 hours and reversed in less than 3 hours. Most of observed traits showed a logistic response curve with threshold DO values between 0.90 and 2.70 mgL-1. Respiratory frequency and opercular valve development showed similar threshold values above the level of tolerance of DO, whereas ASR and dermal protuberances of the jaws showed threshold values below this level. This observation supports the functional link between these groups of behavioral and morphological traits. This study demonstrates that this species is able to modify reversibly portions of the respiratory system to optimize responses to hypoxia.

Physiological responses of fish, Piaractus mesopotamicus, to infection with the freshwater fish louse, Dolops carvalhoi. Abstract

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Castro, F.J.; Wendelaar Bonga, S.E.; Fernandes, N.N.

2007-01-01

The freshwater fish louse Dolops carvalhoi, is an ectoparasite of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, that causes severe damage to its hosts. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses of pacu to the stress of D. carvalhoi infection. After acclimation at the laboratory

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of growth hormone cDNA of Neotropical freshwater fish Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus

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Janeth Silva Pinheiro

2008-01-01

Full Text Available RT-PCR was used for amplifying Piaractus mesopotamicus growth hormone (GH cDNA obtained from mRNA extracted from pituitary cells. The amplified fragment was cloned and the complete cDNA sequence was determined. The cloned cDNA encompassed a sequence of 543 nucleotides that encoded a polypeptide of 178 amino acids corresponding to mature P. mesopotamicus GH. Comparison with other GH sequences showed a gap of 10 amino acids localized in the N terminus of the putative polypeptide of P. mesopotamicus. This same gap was also observed in other members of the family. Neighbor-joining tree analysis with GH sequences from fishes belonging to different taxonomic groups placed the P. mesopotamicus GH within the Otophysi group. To our knowledge, this is the first GH sequence of a Neotropical characiform fish deposited in GenBank.

Eficácia do diflubenzuron no controle de Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea: Branchiura em jovens pacus Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes: Characidae naturalmente infectados - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i2.1235 Diflubenzuron effectiveness in Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea: Branchiura control in juvenile pacus Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes: Characidae naturally infected - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i2.1235

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Julieta Rodini Engrácia de Moraes

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Neste ensaio, avaliou-se a eficácia terapêutica do diflubenzuron contra o crustáceo Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea: Branchiura em pacus Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg 1887 (Osteichthyes: Characidae naturalmente infestados. A droga foi aplicada três vezes na concentração de 2,0 mg/L de água, na forma de banhos com trinta minutos de duração e intervalo de 24 horas. Um grupo controle foi submetido ao mesmo procedimento, sem a adição do fármaco à água. A avaliação parasitológica revelou que a eficácia da droga foi de 97,2%. No grupo tratado houve redução da glicemia, aumento da quantidade de eritrócitos, redução do percentual de células granulocíticas especiais e aumento da quantidade de trombócitos circulantes coincidentes com a eliminação dos parasitos, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Os resultados indicam que ocorreu melhora marcante na saúde dos peixesThis research evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of diflubenzuron against Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacean: Branchiura in Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes: Characidae naturally infested. The drug was applied three times, at a dose of 2.0 mg/L of water, in the form of baths within thirty minutes and an interval of 24 hours. A control group was submitted to the same procedure, but without pharmaco in the water. The parasitological evaluation showed that the drug effectiveness was 97.2%. In the treated group there were glycemia reduction, increase in the erythrocyte number, decrease in the percentage of special granulocytic cells and increase in the number of circulant trombocytes similar to the parasites elimination when compared to the control group. Results showed an important improvement in fish health

Predação de larvas de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg por copépodes ciclopóides (Mesocyclops longisetus, Thiébaud em diferentes densidades e ambientes e com diferentes contrastes visuais Predation of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg larvae by cyclopoid copepods (Mesocyclops longisetus, Thiébaud at different densities in environments with different visual contrast

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Carmino Hayashi

2001-05-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influência da densidade de copépodes ciclopóides (Mesocyclops longisetus na predação de larvas de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus em ambientes com diferentes contrastes visuais. Foram utilizadas 360 larvas de pacu (Lt = 5,77±0,23 mm e Wt = 6,57 mg, distribuídas em 24 aquários (1-L de vidro transparente, em um delineamento em blocos casualizados com oito tratamentos e três repetições, que constaram de 0, 10, 20 e 30 copépodes/L, em aquários com paredes sem revestimento ou com paredes revestidas de plástico escuro. Realizou-se a contagem, a cada uma hora, das larvas mortas e em seguida elas eram retiradas com uma pipeta. Observou-se um aumento linear nas taxas de predação (p Influence of density of cyclopoid copepods (Mesocyclops longisetus on pacu larvae (Piaractus mesopotamicus predation in environments with different visual contrast is provided. Three hundred and sixty larvae (Lt: 5.77±0.23 mm and Wt: 6.57 mg were distributed in 24 one-liter light-color-lined aquaria, in a entirely randomized design, with eight treatments and three replications, with densities 0, 10, 20 and 30 copepods/L. Similar densities were used and distributed in aquaria with dark plastic lined interior. Dead larvae were counted hourly and removed with a pipette. After three hours from the start of experiment a linear increase in predation rate (p th to the 9th observation, with smaller survival values of pacu larvae in light-colored aquaria. It may be concluded that increase in copepod density and absence of lining on walls of aquaria favor higher predation rates of copepods on pacu larvae

Na2EDTA anticoagulant impaired blood samples from the teleost Piaractus mesopotamicus

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Thaís Heloisa Vaz Farias

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Na heparin and Na2EDTA on blood of Piaractus mesopotamicus (360.7±42.4g, 26.4±1.0cm. Twenty fishes were sampled in two experiment trials, ten for erythrocyte fragility analysis and ten for hematologic and plasma biochemical study. The blood collected by venous-caudal puncture was fractioned and stored in anticoagulants solution: Na2EDTA 10%, Na2EDTA 3%, Na heparin 5000 IU and Na heparin 100 IU. Plasmatic levels of calcium presented in the Na2EDTA stored samples were about 80% lower than both heparin groups. Blood samples of P. mesopotamicus stored with Na2EDTA demonstrated increase in the hematocrit and MCV, and decrease in MCHC. The dose-response effect was observed in this study. The results are reinforced by the higher levels of plasmatic protein and hemolysis presented in the Na2EDTA 10% stored blood, confirming the deleterious effect of this anticoagulant treatment on the quality of blood samples. Na2EDTA is not indicated to store P. mesopotamicus blood samples, but sodium heparin at 100 IU is the most recommended anticoagulant, since this treatment presented the lower rate of alterations in the stored blood.

Plasma testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone levels of male pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Cypriniformes, Characidae

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R. Gazola

1997-12-01

Full Text Available The levels of testosterone (T and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT of the South American pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus were determined by radioimmunoassay during two stages of the reproductive cycle, i.e., resting and maturation, and the gonadosomatic index (GSI was calculated. The highest levels of T and 11-KT were reached during the maturation stage (T = 2400 ± 56 pg/ml; 11-KT = 2300 ± 60 pg/ml and lower levels were maintained during the resting period. The rise in androgen levels occurred with the appearance of spermatozoa in the maturation stage, when GSI was highest

Processed soybean in diets for pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus

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Marcia Regina Stech

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Changes in development and in physiological parameters of fingerlings of the pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus fed on diets with high levels of integral crude, extruded, toasted soybean and soybean meal were assessed. The products were evaluated in practical diets for pacu, initially weighing 70 ± 2.19 g, during 82 days. Nine treatments were studied in a 2 × 4 + 1 factorial scheme which corresponded to two fish meal protein replacement levels (50 and 100% and four soybean products, plus control (100% of fish meal - FM. Development, organosomatic indexes and physiological parameters were evaluated. No differences were reported with regard to weight gain, food intake, food conversion, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate. A significant interaction was registered for plasma protein between the evaluated ingredients and replacement percentage of fish meal protein. Results showed that the ingredients assessed did not affect the development of the pacu when compared to fish fed on control diet. Protein retention was favored when toasted soybean and when 50% of the diet’s protein fraction from fish meal were employed.

Efeito de três diferentes fontes de extrato de pituitárias na indução gonadal em machos e fêmeas de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i4.1146 Effects of three different sources of pituitary extract on gonadal inducer in male and female pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i4.1146

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Jayme Aparecido Povh

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Machos e fêmeas de (Piaractus mesopotamicus foram induzidas com extrato de hipófise de frango de corte (BCPE, coelho (RPE e de carpa (CPE. Os parâmetros vigor espermático, motilidade progressiva, taxa de fertilização e eclosão de acordo com a origem do sêmen, não apresentou diferença (p > 0,05 entre os tratamentos. O tratamento com BCPE produziu o menor volume de sêmen (p 0,05 para o taxa de espermatozóides com anormalidades nos tratamentos, mas as patologias secundárias foram elevadas (p P. mesopotamicusMale and female pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus were induced with broiler chicken (BCPE, rabbit (RPE, and carp (CPE pituitary extracts. The parameters for spermatic vigor, progressive motility, fertilization and hatching rate, according to semen origin, did not show any differences among the treatments (p > 0.05. RPE produced the lowest (p 0.05 in the total rate of abnormal spermatozoa among the treatments, but the secondary pathologies were higher (p 0.05 between BCPE and CPE were found for accumulated thermal unit, number of oocytes/spawning grams, fertilization and hatchery rates according to treatment origin. The result indicates that BCPE use is recommended for gonadal induction of P. mesopotamicus

Praziquantel, levamisol e diflubenzuron no controle de Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea: Branchiura e Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae em Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes: Characidae Praziquantel, levamisole and diflubenzuron in the control of Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea: Branchiura and Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae in Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes: Characidae

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Sergio Henrique Canello Schalch

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a eficácia antiparasitária do praziquantel, levamisol e diflubenzuron administrados via oral, adicionados à ração, para pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus infectados por Anacanthorus penilabiatus e Dolops carvalhoi. Foram utilizadas 19 caixas d'água de 300 L de capacidade, comportando 28 peixes cada. Os tratamentos foram feitos misturando os princípios ativos nas dietas. A intensidade parasitária e eficácia foram avaliadas 1 dia antes e 3, 7 e 15 dias após o início da alimentação com ração contendo diflubenzuron, levamisol e praziquantel isolados ou associados em diferentes concentrações por 7 dias. Os resultados da eficácia terapêutica sugerem que, isoladamente ou associado com levamisol e praziquantel, o diflubenzuron é eficiente contra o crustáceo D. carvalhoi, demonstrando que a eficácia dos tratamentos nos dias 3, 7 e 15 variou de 96,2 a 100%. Contra os monogenóides, as drogas não apresentaram eficácia satisfatória. Os resultados sugerem o uso do diflubenzuron para o controle de D. cavalhoi em peixes de cativeiro e em condições de quarentenário.This assay evaluated the control efficacy of diflubenzuron, praziquantel and levamisole added to the diet of pacu (Piaractus mesoptamicus infected with Anacanthorus penilabiatus and Dolops carvalhoi. 19 water tanks of 300 L capacity were utilized with 28 fish in each one. The treatments were made by mixing the active principles in the diet. The experiment was evaluated in four harvests done 1 day before and 3, 7 and 15 days after the treatment. The medicated feeding was applied for 7 days. The results of efficacy suggest that the diflubenzuron alone or associated with levamisole and praziquantel was efficient against the crustacean D. carvalhoi and the efficacy in the 3, 7 and 15 days evaluations ranged from 96,2 to 100%. Against the monogenean the drugs did not present efficacy. The results suggest the use of diflubenzuron for the control of D

Tecnologia do pescado de água doce: aproveitamento do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Freshwater fish technology: utilization of "pacu"(Piaractus mesopotamicus

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E.R. Szenttamásy

1993-09-01

Full Text Available Para o estudo da viabilidade do Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus para processamento tecnológico, foram testados os processos de defumação, salga e secagem e enlatamento. Analisou-se também a farinha dos resíduos. Utilizou-se peixes provenientes de tanques de piscicultura do município de Piracicaba-SP e o produto final foi avaliado para o consumo na merenda escolar municipal. Foram feitas análises quanto aos teores de lipídeos, umidade, proteína e cinza. Os produtos processados por salga, defumação e enlatamento foram analisados também quanto ao teor de sal (NaCl; os defumados e enlatados foram submetidos a análise sensorial com avaliação de aparência, cor, aroma, sabor e textura. O pacu "in natura", defumado, salgado seco e enlatado apresentou, em porcentagem, respectivamente, 18,99; 23,80; 52,53; 18,59 de proteína, 3,79; 2,69; 18,31; 14,34 de lipídeos e 1,82; 3,13; 17,76; 2,79 de cinza. Para o pacu enlatado 56% e 33% dos degustadores o classificaram como um produto de excelente e bom sabor. O pacu defumado foi classificado como de excelente sabor por 25% dos provadores e de bom sabor por 55%.

Myxosporidiosis in intensively-reared Piaractus mesopotamicus: Histopathological diagnosis by means of Ziehl-Neelsen staining

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Wilson G. Manrique

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Samples of different organs from intensively-reared Piaractus mesopotamicus were collected and processed using routine histological techniques in order to produce thin sections for staining with hematoxylin-eosin and with the Ziehl-Neelsen method. Through examination under an optical microscope, myxosporidians of the genera Henneguya sp. and Myxobolus sp. were identified, respectivelyin the gills and kidneys of P. mesopotamicus. Plasmodia with immature spores of Henneguya sp. were located along the secondary lamellae, with total length of 30.45±4.84µm and width of 3.52±0.33µm. Spores of Myxobolus sp. were located in the kidneys, with total length of 8.94±0.82µm and width of 5.59±0.39µm. Histopathological analysis of the gills showed plasmodia containing spores of Henneguya sp., at intralamellar and intravascular localities, at different stages of development. Spores of Myxobolus sp. were identified in the kidneys, in the peritubular region and in the interstices and glomerulus, surrounded by melanomacrophages. Focal hemorrhage was recorded in a few cases. Ziehl-Neelsen staining allowed to identify particular features of the spores and facilitated biometry and enabled classification in comparison with hematoxylin-eosin, thus demonstrating its usefulness for histopathological diagnosis of the parasitosis.

Histopatologia de fígado, rim e baço de piaractus mesopotamicus, prochilodus lineatus e pseudoplatystoma fasciatum parasitados por myxosporídios, capturados no Rio Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil Histopathology of liver, kidney and spleen of Piaractus mesopotamicus, Prochilodus lineatus and Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum infected by myxosporean parasite, caugth in Aquidauana River, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

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Cristiane M. de Campos

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo descreveu a histopatologia de rim, baço e fígado de Piaractus mesopotamicus, Prochilodus lineatus e Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, parasitados por mixosporídios, capturados no Rio Aquidauana, MS. Após necropsia, amostras do fígado, rim cefálico e baço foram colhidas, fixadas em formalina a 10 % tamponada e processadas de acordo com a rotina histológica. Os cortes foram feitos à espessura de 5 μm e corados com hematoxilina-eosina. Foram encontrados Myxobolus porofilus em P. lineatus, M. colossomatis em P. mesopotamicus e Myxobolus spp. nas três espécies de hospedeiros. Cistos de mixosporídios no exame histopatológico foram vistos no fígado e baço de P. mesopotamicus. Mais de 50% das amostras de fígado de P mesopotamicus e P lineatus apresentou hepatodistrofia difusa. Mais de 80 % das amostras de fígado de P. fasciatum apresentou formações hialinas concêntricas e esteatose em 50% das amostras. Em 95,23 % das amostras de rins de P. mesopotamicus, foram observadas alterações teciduais, e em mais de 60 % dos casos nefrodistrofia difusa moderada e congestão de sinusóides glomerulares. Alterações teciduais nas amostras de rins de P. lineatus foram observadas em menos de 20 % da amostra. No baço dos peixes ora examinados não foram encontradas lesões dignas de relato.Histological analysis of kidney, spleen and liver of Piaractus mesopotamicus, Prochilodus lineatus and Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, infected by myxosporean, caugth in Aquidauana river, MS, was studied. After necropsy, samples of liver, previous kidney and spleen were fixed in 10 % buffered formalin and processed followed histological routine methods. Sections of 5 μm were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Myxobolusporofilus, M. colossomatis and were found in P. lineatus, in P. mesopotamicus respectively and Myxobolus spp. Were also found in all three species of fish. Myxosporideans cysts in the liver and spleen of P mesopotamicus were also related. Up

Análise da degradação de dieta microencapsulada por larvas de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887 através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2088 Degradation analysis of microencapsulated diet in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 larvae intestine through scanning electron microscopy (SEM - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2088

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Maria Célia Portella

2003-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o grau de degradabilidade de dietas microencapsuladas por larvas de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os seguintes tratamentos alimentares foram testados: AMD - larvas alimentadas por 6 dias, com náuplios de Artemia, com transição brusca para dieta microencapsulada; C6MD - alimentação inicial com Artemia por 6 dias, 6 dias de co-alimentação e o restante do tempo (8 dias somente com dieta microencapsulada; e C9MD - idêntico ao tratamento anterior, porém, com 9 dias de co-alimentação. O conteúdo presente no trato digestório das larvas foi coletado e processado para análise em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Os grânulos provenientes das larvas do tratamento de transição brusca (AMD possuíam poucas áreas de degradação, semelhantes às dietas secas. Já as dietas coletadas das larvas durante o período de co-alimentação possuíam uma maior área degradada. Os resultados sugerem uma influência dos náuplios de Artemia sobre a degradação das dietas microencapsuladas.This research analyzed the microencapsulated diet degradation in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus larvae intestine. The pacu larvae received the following feeding treatments: AMD- larvae fed initially Artemia nauplii for six days, followed by microencapsulated diet; C6MD- larvae fed initially Artemia for six days, followed by six days of co-feeding and the rest of the experiment (8 days with microencapsulated diet; C9MD- larvae fed initially Artemia for six days, followed by nine days of co-feeding and the rest of the experiment (5 days with microencapsulated diet. The pacu digestive tract contents were removed, processed and analyzed under scanning electronic microscopy. Diets from AMD larvae treatment showed few degradation areas, when compared to original dry diets. On the other hand, diets removed during co-feeding period showed the highest degradation areas. The

Differential expression of myogenic regulatory factor MyoD in pacu skeletal muscle (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg 1887: Serrasalminae, Characidae, Teleostei) during juvenile and adult growth phases.

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de Almeida, Fernanda Losi Alves; Carvalho, Robson Francisco; Pinhal, Danillo; Padovani, Carlos Roberto; Martins, Cesar; Dal Pai-Silva, Maeli

2008-12-01

Skeletal muscle is the edible part of the fish. It grows by hypertrophy and hyperplasia, events regulated by differential expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). The study of muscle growth mechanisms in fish is very important in fish farming development. Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is one of the most important food species farmed in Brazil and has been extensively used in Brazilian aquaculture programs. The aim of this study was to analyze hyperplasia and hypertrophy and the MRF MyoD expression pattern in skeletal muscle of pacu (P. mesopotamicus) during juvenile and adult growth stages. Juvenile (n=5) and adult (n=5) fish were anaesthetized, sacrificed, and weight (g) and total length (cm) determined. White dorsal region muscle samples were collected and immersed in liquid nitrogen. Transverse sections (10 microm thick) were stained with Haematoxilin-Eosin (HE) for morphological and morphometric analysis. Smallest fiber diameter from 100 muscle fibers per animal was calculated in each growth phase. These fibers were grouped into three classes (50 microm) to evaluate hypertrophy and hyperplasia in white skeletal muscle. MyoD gene expression was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. PCR products were cloned and sequenced. Juvenile and adult pacu skeletal muscle had similar morphology. The large number of fish confirms active hyperplasia. In adult fish, most fibers were over 50 microm diameter and denote more intense muscle fiber hypertrophy. The MyoD mRNA level in juveniles was higher than in adults. A consensus partial sequence for MyoD gene (338 base pairs) was obtained. The Pacu MyoD nucleotide sequence displayed high similarity among several vertebrates, including teleosts. The differential MyoD gene expression observed in pacu white muscle is possibly related to differences in growth patterns during the phases analyzed, with hyperplasia predominant in juveniles and hypertrophy in adult fish. These results should provide a foundation for

Influence of aquatic plants on the predation of Piaractus mesopotamicus larvae by Pantala flavescens - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v32i2.5167 Influence of aquatic plants on the predation of Piaractus mesopotamicus larvae by Pantala flavescens - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v32i2.5167

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Carlos Eduardo Bento Fernandes

2010-05-01

Full Text Available The experiment aimed to study the influence of the aquatic plants E. najas, P. stratiotes and S. auriculata on the predation of P. mesopotamicus larvae by P. flavescens. One hundred and twenty larvae of P. mesopotamicus and 24 larvae of P. flavescens were placed in 24 aquariums with capacity of 12 L, with one Odonate per aquarium. Treatments were different regarding the species of aquatic plants E. najas, S. auriculata and P. stratiotes, with one control treatment without aquatic plants. One aquarium (12 L containing one Odonate and 30 P. mesopotamicus larvae was considered one experimental unit. After 18 hours, the Odonates were removed from the aquariums and fish larvae left (alive were counted in each experimental unit. The survival rate of P. mesopotamicus larvae in the treatment without aquatic plants (control was significantly lower than in the treatment with E. najas. However, the survival rates in the aquariums with floating aquatic plants did not differ from the control. The morphological characteristics of E. najas promoted higher structural complexity in the environment, offering more protection to the fish larvae, and increasing their survival. We concluded that the presence of the submerged aquatic plant E. najas promoted the reduction of predation of P. mesopotamicus larvae by Pantala flavescens. Larvae; Piaractus mesopotamicus; Pantala flavescens; predation; aquatic plantsThe experiment aimed to study the influence of the aquatic plants E. najas, P. stratiotes and S. auriculata on the predation of P. mesopotamicus larvae by P. flavescens. One hundred and twenty larvae of P. mesopotamicus and 24 larvae of P. flavescens were placed in 24 aquariums with capacity of 12 L, with one Odonate per aquarium. Treatments were different regarding the species of aquatic plants E. najas, S. auriculata and P. stratiotes, with one control treatment without aquatic plants. One aquarium (12 L containing one Odonate and 30 P. mesopotamicus larvae was

Inflamación crónica granulomatosa en el pez teleósteo Piaractus mesopotamicus: modelo de estudio histopatológico

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G Manrique, Wilson; AP Figueiredo, Mayra; Belo, Marco AA; Martins, Maurício L; Moraes, Flávio R

2017-01-01

Objetivo. Este estudio evaluó la cinética celular y la formación de granuloma durante la inflamación crónica inducida por el Bacilo Calmette-Guérin (BCG) en el músculo esquelético de Piaractus mesopotamicus, como modelo histopatológico para estudiar la inmunidad innata. Materiales y métodos. Sesenta peces fueron divididos en dos grupos: peces inoculados con BCG y no inoculados y la respuesta inflamatoria analizada en 3, 7, 14, 21 y 33 días post-inóculo (DPI) por medio del análisis histopatoló...

Influência de diferentes níveis de vitamina C na ração sobre parâmetros hematológicos de alevinos de Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg (Osteichthyes, Characidae Influence of different levels of vitamin C in the ration on the haematological parameters of Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg (Osteichthyes, Characidae fries

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Maurício Laterça Martins

1995-09-01

Full Text Available Haematological changes in ascorbic acid deficient fishes, observed by some authors, awoked the interest in the haematological response of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. The present work studied the influence of different levels of ascorbic acid (vitamin C in the ration on the haematological parameters of pacu. Fishes at the beginning of the experiment, presented average body weight 8.64±1.62g and 6.15±0.33cm standard length, were fed with diets containing 0. 50, 100 and 200mg ascorbic acid/kg dry ration. The present work was developed for a period of 24 weeks at the Fish Nutrition Laboratory of Aquaculture Center of Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp, Jaboticabal (São Paulo. The fishes were distributed by the completely randomized design in 20 aquaria of 100 liters capacity with six animals in each and five fold treatment. Condutivity, alcalinity. pH and oxigen were measured weekly and temperature daily. The blood colect was done in 60 anesthetized fishes with 50mg MS-222/1. The results suggests that 50mg ascorbic acid/kg dry ration improved the mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and decreased haematocril in unsupplemented fishes, although not differing significantly (P>0.05. The erytrocyte diameter indicated the presence of macrocytic cells in unsupplemented fishes (P<0.05 and the regression analysis showed too reduced neutrophils in unsupplemenled ones, 50mg ascorbic acid/kg dry ration supplementation was enough to development and haematological responses. Furthtermore, the optimum level to the growth is 139mg vitamin C/kg dry ration (P<0.05.

Biological indicators of stress in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus after capture

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JS. Abreu

Full Text Available The effects of capture (chasing, netting and air exposure on cortisol, glucose, chloride, sodium, potassium and calcium concentrations, osmolality, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, red blood cells count (RBC and mean corpuscular volume (MCV were investigated in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus. A total of 132 fish (49.7 ± 11.7 g were subjected to capture and 3 minutes air exposure and capture and 5 minutes air exposure. Nine fish at each treatment were sampled at 5, 15, 30, 60 minutes and 24 hours after the procedure. Nine undisturbed fish were sacrificed before the handling and used as controls. Capture resulted in a rise in blood cortisol and glucose 30 and 5 minutes, respectively, after both air exposures. Both indicators returned to resting levels 24 hours after capture. In both fish groups, plasma chloride decreased 60 minutes after capture, not recovering the resting levels within 24 hours after, and serum sodium rose at 15 and 30 minutes and recovered the resting levels 24 hours later. There were no significant changes neither in potassium, calcium and osmolality nor in hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC and MCV as a consequence of capture. The sequential stressors imposed to pacu during capture activated the brain-pituitary-interrenal axis (cortisol and glucose responses but the activation of the brain-sympathetic-chromaffin cell axis was apparently moderate (ionic and hematological responses.

Predation of Piaractus mesopotamicus and Oreochromis niloticus larvae by Pantala flavescens with different length classes - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v33i4.5470 Predation of Piaractus mesopotamicus and Oreochromis niloticus larvae by Pantala flavescens with different length classes - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v33i4.5470

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Carlos Eduardo Bento Fernandes

2011-09-01

Full Text Available The experiment had as objective to study the survival of Piaractus mesopotamicus and Oreochromis niloticus larvae subject to predation by Pantala flavescens larvae with different length classes. We used 120 larvae of P. mesopotamicus, 120 of O. niloticus, and also 24 larvae of Pantala flavescens, distributed in 24 aquariums with useful volume for 2 L, being placed one Odonate for aquarium. The treatments differed as regard to the prey species and the predator size, being kept a control treatment. An aquarium (2 L containing one larvae of Odonate and 10 larvae of fish were considered an experimental unit. After the beginning, each three hours (18:00, 21:00, 0:00, 3:00, 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 18:00h, the remnant larvae of fish (alive in each experimental unit was quantified, and we replaced the consumed larvae, so that we always had 10 larvae of fish at each aquarium after each counting. For both fish species, there was a slight increase in consumption by the Odonate with intermediate size, but the values did not differ statistically (p > 0.05. Larvae of Odonate in the treatments with greater length presented a lower consumption (p The experiment had as objective to study the survival of Piaractus mesopotamicus and Oreochromis niloticus larvae subject to predation by Pantala flavescens larvae with different length classes. We used 120 larvae of P. mesopotamicus, 120 of O. niloticus, and also 24 larvae of Pantala flavescens, distributed in 24 aquariums with useful volume for 2 L, being placed one Odonate for aquarium. The treatments differed as regard to the prey species and the predator size, being kept a control treatment. An aquarium (2 L containing one larvae of Odonate and 10 larvae of fish were considered an experimental unit. After the beginning, each three hours (18:00, 21:00, 0:00, 3:00, 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 18:00h, the remnant larvae of fish (alive in each experimental unit was quantified, and we replaced the consumed larvae

Seletividade alimentar de organismos-alimento por formas jovens de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 e curimba Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836 = Selective feeding of food organisms by fish larvae of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 and Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836

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Nandeyara Ribeiro Marques

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar a seleção alimentar de organismos-alimento por formas jovens de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus e curimba (Prochilodus lineatus com diferentes idades (6, 12, 19 e 26 dias, na presença e ausência de Pistia stratiotes. Foram utilizados quatrotratamentos (T1 = pacu + P. stratiotes; T2 = pacu; T3 = curimba + P. stratiotes; T4 = curimba e quatro repetições. A cada sete dias, foram coletadas 24 larvas de cada espécie de peixe dos tanques, sendo estas mantidas em jejum por 24 horas. Depois de distribuídas nos aquários com plâncton, as larvas permaneceram por três horas, sendocoletadas e fixadas para análise, juntamente com as amostras de água. Os tratos digestórios das larvas foram retirados e analisados sob microscópio óptico. Observaram-se diferenças estatísticas na seletividade alimentar de organismos planctônicos por larvas de mesmaespécie, em diferentes idades e também entre larvas de espécies diferentes, com mesma idade, não diferindo quanto à presença ou ausência de P. stratiotes. As formas jovens de pacu e curimba selecionaram organismos similares aos seis dias de idade, passando por alterações até o 26º dia. À medida que se desenvolveram, as larvas de pacu passaram a selecionar cladóceros e ostrácodos e as de curimba, protozoários e algas.Theobjective was to evaluate the feeding selection of food organisms for two species of fish larvae (pacu and curimba at different ages (6, 12, 19 and 26 days after eclosion, in the presence or absence of Pistia stratiotes. Four treatments were used (T1 = pacu + P. stratiotes; T2 = pacu; T3 = curimba + P. stratiotes; T4 = curimba and four replications. Every seven days, 24 fish larvae of each species were collected, and kept without food for 24 hours. Afterbeing distributed in the aquariums with plankton, the larvae stayed for three hours, and were collected and prepared for analysis, along with the water samples. The digestive tract of the fish larvae were

Water temperature, body mass and fasting heat production of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus).

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Aguilar, Fredy A A; Cruz, Thaline M P DA; Mourão, Gerson B; Cyrino, José Eurico P

2017-01-01

Knowledge on fasting heat production (HEf) of fish is key to develop bioenergetics models thus improving feeding management of farmed species. The core of knowledge on HEf of farmed, neotropical fish is scarce. This study assessed the effect of body mass and water temperature on standard metabolism and fasting heat production of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, an omnivore, Neotropical fresh water characin important for farming and fisheries industries all through South American continent. An automated, intermittent flow respirometry system was used to measure standard metabolic rate (SMR) of pacu (17 - 1,050 g) at five water temperatures: 19, 23, 26, 29 and 33 °C. Mass specific SMR increased with increasing water temperature but decreased as function of body mass. The allometric exponent for scaling HEf was 0.788, and lied in the range recorded for all studied warm-water fish. The recorded van't Hoff factor (Q10) for pacu (2.06) shows the species low response to temperature increases. The model HEf = 0.04643×W0.7882×T1.837 allows to predict HEf (kJ d-1) from body mass (W, kg) and water temperature (T, °C), and can be used in bioenergetical models for the species.

Water temperature, body mass and fasting heat production of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus

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FREDY A.A. AGUILAR

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Knowledge on fasting heat production (HEf of fish is key to develop bioenergetics models thus improving feeding management of farmed species. The core of knowledge on HEf of farmed, neotropical fish is scarce. This study assessed the effect of body mass and water temperature on standard metabolism and fasting heat production of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, an omnivore, Neotropical fresh water characin important for farming and fisheries industries all through South American continent. An automated, intermittent flow respirometry system was used to measure standard metabolic rate (SMR of pacu (17 - 1,050 g at five water temperatures: 19, 23, 26, 29 and 33 °C. Mass specific SMR increased with increasing water temperature but decreased as function of body mass. The allometric exponent for scaling HEf was 0.788, and lied in the range recorded for all studied warm-water fish. The recorded van't Hoff factor (Q10 for pacu (2.06 shows the species low response to temperature increases. The model HEf = 0.04643×W0.7882×T1.837 allows to predict HEf (kJ d-1 from body mass (W, kg and water temperature (T, °C, and can be used in bioenergetical models for the species.

Microsatellite analysis of the parental contribution of Piaractus mesopotamicus to the production of offspring in the semi-natural system of reproduction

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Jayme Aparecido Povh

2010-04-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and the parental contribution of Piaractus mesopotamicus in the production of offspring in the semi-natural system of reproduction. Twenty parental fishes (eleven males and nine females and the total of 100 larvae were evaluated by microsatellite marker. The parents and offspring had thirty-one alleles and heterozygosity of 0.550 and 0.563, respectively. The females were fertilised by two up to six males while the males fertilised three up to five females. The contribution of the females and males to the offspring were 66.6 and 58%, respectively. Such results indicated no loss in the genetic variability in the offspring, and the parents had multiple paternity and reasonable contribution to the offspring production.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética e a contribuição parental de Piaractus mesopotamicus na produção de descendência no sistema seminatural de reprodução. Vinte peixes parentais (onze machos e nove fêmeas e o total de 100 larvas foram avaliados por meio do marcador microssátelite. Os parentais e a progênie tiveram trinta e um alelos e heterozigosidade de 0,550 e 0,563, respectivamente. As fêmeas foram fertilizadas por dois até seis machos enquanto machos fertilizaram três até cinco fêmeas. A contribuição de fêmeas e machos para a descendência seja 66,6 e 58,0%, respectivamente. Tais resultados não indicam diminuição da variabilidade genética na progênie e os parentais apresentaram paternidade múltipla e razoável contribuição à produção de descendência.

Estudo do potencial do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus como agente de controle biológico de Egeria densa, E. najas e Ceratophyllum demersum Evaluation of the biocontrol potential of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus for Egeria densa, E. najas and Ceratophyllum demersum

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D.M.Y. Miyazaki

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Visando fornecer subsídios para elaboração de sistema de manejo integrado das grandes massas de plantas daninhas aquáticas submersas em lagos e represas, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a eficiência do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus como agente de controle biológico de Egeria densa, E. najas e Ceratophyllum demersum. As espécies de plantas daninhas foram oferecidas individualmente, duas a duas e as três espécies juntas. Verificou-se que este peixe tem uma eficiência média de controle dessas plantas daninhas variando entre 28 e 100%, podendo eliminar uma massa verde dessas plantas, com a mesma quantidade de seu peso, em sete dias. A eficiência de controle diária aumentou com o tempo de predação. O pacu é mais seletivo para E. densa ou E. najas quando na presença de C. demersum. Não ocorreu alteração na eficiência de controle do pacu sobre E. densa ou E. najas em todos os tratamentos e nos três períodos estudados (três, cinco e sete dias.In order to provide basic information for the establishment of integrated management systems for submersed aquatic weeds in lakes and reservoirs, this research evaluated the efficiency of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus as a biocontrol agent of Egeria densa, E. najas and Ceratophyllum demersum. One, two and the three plant species together were offered to the fish. The average efficacy of this fish to control these plants ranged between 28 and 100%. The fish could eliminate a fresh mass of these plants, equivalent to its body weight, in seven days of predation period. Control efficiency increased with increasing duration of the trials. Pacu is more selective in controlling E. densa or E. najas when in the presence of C. demersum. No decreased efficacy was observed in the control of E. densa or E. najas in any of the treatments nor in any of three time periods studied (3, 5, and 7 days.

Individual, spatial and inter-sex variation in somatic growth: a study of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae, a long-distance freshwater Neotropical migratory fish

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Luzia da S. Lourenço

2017-06-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Growth is a fundamental biological process, driven by multiple endogenous (intra-individual and exogenous (environmental factors that maintain individual fitness and population stability. The current study aims to assess whether individual, spatial (headwaters and floodplains and inter-sex variation occurs in the growth of Piaractus mesopotamicus in the Cuiabá River basin. Samples were collected monthly from July 2006 to July 2007, at two areas in the Cuiabá River basin (headwaters and floodplain. Three growth models (individuals; individuals and sex factors; individuals and areas factors were developed and compared the fish growth parameters using Akaike information criterion (AIC. The best fit to the length-at-age data was obtained by a model that considered individual variation and sex. The theoretical maximum average length ( L∞ was 64.99 cm for females, and 63.23 cm for males. Females showed a growth rate (k of 0.230 yr-1and males of 0.196 yr-1. Thus, could be concluded that individual variability and sex were the main sources of variation in P. mesopotamicus somatic growth parameters.

Influência da adição de iodeto de potássio e citrato de sódio na qualidade do sêmen de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus - Holmberg, 1887 The effects of potassium iodide and sodium citrate on semen quality of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus

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Alexandre Nízio Maria

2004-02-01

Full Text Available Atualmente, tem-se dado maior atenção ao desenvolvimento de tecnologias para estocagem de sêmen de peixes em curto prazo, por dias ou semanas, utilizando diluentes de sêmen que não ativem a motilidade espermática. Essa técnica é indicada em piscicultura para facilitar a reprodução artificial ou aumentar sua eficiência. Conduziu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de verificar o efeito do diluidor BTS (Beltsville Thawing Solution - MINITUB® na qualidade do sêmen de pacu, após a coleta, enriquecido com iodeto de potássio e com citrato de sódio. Foram utilizados seis reprodutores de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus submetidos à indução hormonal e liberação dos gametas, manualmente. O sêmen coletado de cada macho foi dividido em três frações, as quais receberam diluição (1:3 com o diluidor 1 (BTS 5% + iodeto de potássio 0,16%, diluidor 2 (BTS 5% + citrato de sódio 1,28% e uma fração não diluída (controle. A ativação espermática foi realizada com água destilada, e, a seguir, foram avaliadas as taxas e duração da motilidade espermática, cujos valores médios respectivos foram de 95,00 ± 3,16% e 486,83 ± 314,55 segundos para o sêmen in natura, 80,00 ± 9,49% e 221,50 ± 207,89 segundos para o sêmen com o diluidor 1 e 80,00 ± 11,40% e 320,66 ± 181,14 segundos para o sêmen no diluidor 2. Em seguida, foram coletadas amostras para a avaliação da concentração espermática, que obteve um valor médio de 13,89 ± 1,26 x 10(9/mL. Pelas análises estatísticas, verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa na duração da motilidade (P>0,05 entre o sêmen “in natura” e os diluidores 1 e 2. A motilidade espermática foi estatisticamente melhor (PCurrently, it has been given a special attention to developing technologies for short-term storage of fish semen, for a few days to weeks, using extenders of semen that do not activate the sperm motility. The short-term storage technique is indicated for fish culture

Características hematológicas, bioquímicas e biométricas de Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes: Characidae oriundos de cultivo intensivo - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v26i2.1647 Hematological, biochemical and biometric characteristics of Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes: Characidae, reared in captivity - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v26i2.1647

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Marcos Tavares Dias

2004-04-01

Full Text Available O estudo das características sangüíneas pode fornecer subsídios importantes para o diagnóstico e prognóstico das condições mórbidas em populações de peixes e, contribuir para a compreensão da fisiologia comparativa, relação filogenética, condições alimentares e outros parâmetros ecológicos. Foram estudados no teleósteo Piaractus mesopotamicus o eritrograma, leucograma, trombograma, a glicemia, o cortisol, a relação hepatosomática e a relação esplenosomática. Os valores da relação hepatosomática variaram de 0,67% a 2,79%, a relação esplenosomática de 0,011% a 0,108%, número de eritrócitos de 1,870 a 4,590 x 106/µL de sangue, concentração de hemoglobina de 5,7 a 12,1g/dL, hematócrito de 24,0% a 40,0%, volume corpuscular médio de 98,0 a 174,0fL, concentração da hemoglobina corpuscular média de 19,1 a 34,2g/dL, glicose plasmática de 40,6 a 89,2mg/dL e cortisol plasmático de 4,73 a 110,5ng/dL. O número de trombócitos totais variou de 12160,0 a 89280,0/µL de sangue e leucócitos de 2019,0 a 47473,0/µl de sangue. Na contagem diferencial de leucócitos foram observados 54,1% de linfócitos; 10,9% de neutrófilos; 10,3% de monócitos; 9,9% de leucócitos granulares PAS-positivos (LG-PAS; 6,7% de eosinófilos; 0,3% de basófilos e 7,8% de leucócitos imaturos. Variações intraespecíficas foram observadas em todas as características estudadas, podendo ser consideradas como normais, no que tange aos peixes. Não se deve esperar, portanto, que as características biológicas em peixes apresentem- se distribuídas normalmenteHematological characteristics are important tools for diagnosis and prognostic features in fish population and they contribute to the comprehension of comparative physiology, phylogenetic relation, food habit and other ecological parameters. Red blood cell count (RBC, white blood cell count (WBC, thrombocytes counts, glucose, cortisol, hepatosomatic and splenosomatic relation were

Chronic granulomatous inflammation in teleost fish Piaractus mesopotamicus: histopathology model study

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Wilson G Manrique

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objective. This study evaluated the cell kinetic and formation of granuloma during chronic inflammation induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG in the skeletal muscle of Piaractus mesopotamicus, as a histopathology model to study innate immunity. Materials and methods. Sixty fish were divided in two groups: BCG-inoculated and non-inoculated fish and the inflammatory response analyzed 3, 7, 14, 21 and 33 days post-inoculation (DPI by histopathology after hematoxylin-eosin and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Results. 3 DPI of BCG showed a diffuse inflammatory reaction mostly composed by mononuclear cells. The inflammation continued diffuse 7 DPI initiating the cellular organization surrounding the inoculum and have continued at 14 DPI with discrete presence of epithelioid-like type cells with acidophilic cytoplasm and floppy chromatin. Higher cellular organization (21 DPI surrounding the granuloma with intense peripheral mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and nevertheless, an increase in the number of fibroblasts and macrophage-like cells was observed. The inflammatory process became less diffuse 33 DPI with formation of small amount of granuloma surrounded by the same type of reaction found in bigger granuloma. Both the young and old granuloma presented typical characteristic around the inoculum composed by a layer of epithelioid-like type cells, besides macrophages, some lymphocytes and abundant fibroblasts. Conclusions. This study showed the feasibility in the use of pacus to study chronic granulomatous inflammatory response induced by BCG, characterized by changes in the kinetics of inflammatory cells in skeletal muscle classifying as immune-epithelioid type, similar to granulomatous inflammation caused by M. marinum in teleost fish.

The administration of exogenous prostaglandin may improve ovulation in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus).

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Criscuolo-Urbinati, E; Kuradomi, R Y; Urbinati, E C; Batlouni, S R

2012-12-01

Based on the reports of unsuccessful ovulation in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) by fish farmers and researchers undertaking artificial reproduction programs, we evaluated the use of prostaglandin F (PGF) to improve pacu ovulation. This study was conducted during two spawning seasons (2009/2010 and 2010/2011) with two samplings in the first season and one sampling in the second season. A total of 45 females was sampled in this study. The control group was injected with carp pituitary extract (crude extract, 6 mg/kg), and the treatment group received PGF (2 mL per fish in the 2009/2010 season and 5 mL per fish in the 2010/2011 season) in addition to the crude extract. In both seasons, 100% (N = 4, 2009/2010 first sampling; N = 5, 2009/2010 second sampling; and N = 3, 2010/2011) of the PGF-treated fish spawned. In contrast, 53.0% (N = 9) and 83.3% (N = 10) of the control fish spawned in the first and second samplings of the 2009/2010 season, respectively, and only 25.0% (N = 1) spawned in the 2010/2011 season. Fecundity, fertility, and hatching rates did not differ (P > 0.05) between the treated and control fish. Based on oocyte volume frequency analysis, ovaries of the control fish had more (P fish. In conclusion, administration of exogenous prostaglandin may improve the outcome of hormonally induced spawning in tropical migratory fish. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Growth, survival and bone alterations in Piaractus mesopotamicus larvae under different rearing protocols

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David Roque Hernández

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus is a neotropical freshwater fish. It is one of the most important species farmed in areas of the Parana and Paraguay Rivers basins. The effects of different rearing protocols on growth, survival and incidence of skeletal malformations in pacu larvae were analyzed. A total of six experimental treatments were considered, consisting of: a semi-intensive larviculture (LS in ponds; intensive larviculture (LIn in laboratory (both LS and LIn until 60 days of life; and mixed larviculture, with 20 days of semi-intensive larviculture into cages in ponds after 14 (L1, 21 (L2, 33 (L3 or 40 (L4 days of laboratory larviculture. At the end of the experimental period, LSlarvae showed higher growth rate, with average weight values (2.28g and total length (TL-48.20mm statistically higher than the rest (P1 to L4 treatments showed intermediate growth values, without differences between them (P>0.05, while LIn presented the lowest growth (PS, that presented a significantly lower value (17.5%, PIn and L1 presented the lowest incidence. In no case, visible morphological alterations were found. This study shows that prolonging pacu rearing under laboratory conditions at high densities improves temporal availability and survival of juvenile without affecting growth or subsequent osteological development of fish.

Effects of chromium supplementation on the infrapopulations of Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenoidea and Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida parasites of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae

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Rodrigo Yudi Fujimoto

2010-08-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the parasitism by Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenoidea and Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida in the gills of "pacu", Piaractus mesopotamicus supplemented with chromium in the diet. Randomised delineation by using factorial scheme (4x2x2 for Monogenoidea and 4x2x3 for Dinoflagellate with four levels of chromium (0, 6, 12, 18mg/kg diet, two stocking densities (4kg/m³ and 20kg/m ³, two classes of length (higher and lower than 17 cm for a period of 7, 60 and 90 days, and four replicates was used. The fishes in low density which received 12 and 18mg/kg showed decreased monogeneoidea values, seven days after the experiment begin. Six, 12 and 18 mg/kg caused reduction in the dinoflagellate number in the fishes maintained at 20kg/m³. It was possible that chromium supplementation (12 e 18mg/kg favoured the fishes health by reducing Monogenoidea and Dinoflagellida number in lower and higher densities, respectively.O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a intensidade de parasitismo por monogenóide Anacanthorus penilabiatus e pelo dinoflagelado Piscinoodinium pillulare em pacus Piaractus mesopotamicus, cuja dieta foi suplementada com cromo. Foram utilizados dois delineamentos em esquema fatorial, consistindo de 4 níveis de cromo (0, 6, 12, 18 mgCQC/kg, duas densidades de estocagem (4 kg/m³ e 20 kg/m³ e duas classes de tamanho para monogenóide (maiores e menores de 17cm e/ou 3 períodos de coleta (7, 60 e 90 dias, com quatro repetições. Os peixes que receberam 12 e 18mg CQC/kg apresentaram diminuição de monogenóides após 7 dias de alimentação na menor densidade. Nos peixes na maior densidade, os níveis de 6, 12 e 18 mgCQC/kg ocasionou redução de dinoflagelados. Os resultados demonstraram que a suplementação com cromo (12 e 18 mgCQC/kg promoveu uma melhora na saúde dos peixes na menor e na maior densidade, respectivamente.

Effect of menthol and eugenol on the physiological responses of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus

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Milena Souza dos Santos Sanchez

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The present study the aim was evaluate induction time, recovery time and physiological responses of pacus Piaractus mesopotamicus submitted to eugenol and menthol usual doses. Were used 56 pacus, which were exposed to menthol 150 mgL-1 (n=24 and eugenol 100 mgL-1 (n=24 and the control group (n=24 which doesn’t were exposed to anesthetics. In the moment 0, 12 and 24 hours after induction were performed collection of blood in fish (n=8 for the hematologic parameters and plasma glucose evaluation. The recovery was conduced in aquariums free anesthetic, being induction and recovery times monitored. The results were submitted at analysis of variance (P<0.05 and the means when significant were compared by Tukey test (P<0.05. Both anesthetics in their respective concentrations induced fish to surgical anesthesia. There was no treatment effects on hematologic parameters, except for hemoglobin for which was observed interaction effect between factors, is significantly lower 150 mgL-1 showed significant reduction (P<0.05 of hemoglobin values 12 hours after induction, however these values remained unchanged 24 hours after anesthesia. Interaction effect (P<0.01 was observed between treatments and sampling times for the plasma glucose levels, because there was significant reduction in this levels 12 hours after anesthesia, and remained 24 hous after induction. Menthol 150 mgL-1 and eugenol 100 mgL-1 can be used safely in the pacus induction during realization of biometrics.

Gills of juvenile fish piaractus mesopotamicus as histological biomarkers for experimental sub-lethal contamination with the Organophosphorus Azodrin®400

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Cácia Aparecida Mendes Rudnicki

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Piaractus mesopotamicus is a freshwater native fish from rivers of the Paraná-Paraguay Basin and of the Pantanal region and has been used for repopulation programs in Brazil. Juvenile fishes were exposed to the sub-lethal dose of 1.08mg/L of the OP Azodrin®400 containing 0.43µL/L of the active principle monocrotophos for 96 h. A frequent pathology in the gills at all times of exposure was epithelial detachment, from minimal until 24 h of exposure, to intense after 48 h of contamination. Deformed pillar cells in the respiratory lamellae leading to irregular blood spaces and blood congestion, as well as hyperplasia and lamellar fusion were observed. These histopathologies suggested that 48 h after T0 was an important time when a reduction in the capability for gaseous exchange with consequent weakening of the fishes' condition could occur. This could impair growth and development of juveniles introduced in water bodies for repopulation programs.Piaractus mesopotamicus é um peixe de água doce encontrado na Bacia Paraná-Paraguai e na região do Pantanal, tendo sido usado em programas de repovoamento no Brasil. Peixes juvenis foram expostos por 96 horas à dose sub-letal de 1.08mg/L do organofosforado (OP Azodrin®400 que contém 0,43µL/L do principio ativo monocrotofós. A patologia freqüente nas brânquias foi o descolamento epitelial que variou de mínimo nas primeiras 24 horas a severo ou intenso após 48 horas de contaminação. Deformações e degeneração de células pilares nas lamelas respiratórias levando à formação de espaços sanguíneos irregulares e congestão sanguínea, hiperplasia e fusão lamelar também foram observadas. Sugere-se que 48 horas após o T0 é um tempo crítico após exposição a níveis subletais de OP, pois a capacidade de trocas gasosas poderá ter diminuído, levando ao enfraquecimento dos peixes. Os sintomas poderão prejudicar o desenvolvimento dos juvenis introduzidos em corpos de água em

Desempenho, enzimologia e metabolismo de juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) alimentados com dietas peletizadas e extrusadas com níveis médio e alto de lipídeos e carboidratos

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Claucia Aparecida Honorato da Silva

2008-01-01

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as respostas bioquímicas e metabólicas em adaptação ao processamento da dieta (peletizadas e extrusadas) contendo baixo e alto nível de carboidratos e lipídeos na alimentação do pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus. Foram analisadas as características das dietas, os índices de crescimento, a eficiência de retenção dos nutrientes e da energia, o perfil de ácidos graxos presentes no filé, o tempo de trânsito gastrointestinal, digestibilidade de proteína e da energi...

Haematological and histopathological analysis in South American fish Piaractus mesopotamicus parasitized by monogenean (Dactylogyridae

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GT Jerônimo

Full Text Available Monogeneans are the parasites mostly found on the body surface and gills of fish and can cause large losses in farmed fish. Some studies demonstrate elevated parasitic levels causing hematological alterations. But few of them relate the effects of parasitism on the hematology and histopathology of native freshwater farmed fish. This study evaluated the host-parasite relationship in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus parasitized by the monogenean Anacanthorus penilabiatus. Hematological and parasitological assessments were obtained in 60 fish captured in a fish farm located in Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil. Fish were analyzed in different categories of parasite number: class I (n=13; 0-200 parasites, class II (n=17; 201-1200 parasites; class III (n=7; 1201-2200 parasites; and class IV (n=23; more than 2200 parasites per host. The highest levels of parasitism caused significant decrease (p<0.05 in the hematocrit, red blood cells (RBC, mean hemoglobin concentration (MCHC and basophils number. Thrombocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and LG-PAS did not present significant difference among the parasitic levels. In contrast, increased number of total leukocytes and lymphocytes were found in highly-parasitized fish. A positive linear correlation (p<0.01 was found between the amount of parasites and fish weight. Histopathology revealed severe hyperplasia, sub-epithelial edema, fusion of the secondary lamellae, focal and multifocal necrosis in highly parasitized fish.

Processamento da carne do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus cultivado em tanques-rede no reservatório de Itaipu - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i4.1018 Processing of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus meat from net cage farming in the Itaipu reservoir - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i4.1018

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Beatriz Cristina Bencke

2008-03-01

Full Text Available O trabalho objetivou avaliar as características morfométricas, bromatológicas e o rendimento de cortes da carne do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, cultivados em tanques-rede. Utilizaram-se 45 animais, distribuídos em três tratamentos e 15 repetições cada uma. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de animais alimentados com ração extrusada comercial (REC, resíduos de vegetal cozido (RPV e resíduos cozidos de produção pesqueira (RPP. Realizaram-se as medidas individuais dos animais de comprimento-padrão (CP, comprimento total (CT, comprimento da cabeça (CC, altura da cabeça (AC, largura do tronco (LT, comprimento do tronco (CTR, altura do tronco (AT e, a partir delas, avaliaram-se as relações morfométricas de CC/CP, CC/AC, CP/CT, LT/CTR, LT/AT e AT/CTR. Avaliaram-se os rendimentos: carcaça (RCARC, tronco limpo (TL, musculatura dorsal (MD, filé (FL, costelas (COST, nadadeiras (NAD, gordura visceral (GVISC, pele com escamas (PELE, e os teores de umidade (UM, matéria mineral (MM, proteína bruta (PB e extrato etéreo (EE dos diferentes cortes. Observaram-se maiores resultados (p This work was carried out to evalue the morphometric and chemical characteristics, as well as the meat cut yields from pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus reared in net cages. Forty-five specimens were used, distributed in three treatments and 15 replications. The treatments consisted of animals fed with commercial extruded ration (CER, vegetal by-products (VBP and fishery by-products (FBP. Individual morphometric characteristics were measures in terms of standard length (SL, total length (TL, head length (HL head height (HH, body width (BW, body lenght (BL, body height (BH, to evaluate the morphometric ratio of HL/SL, HL/HH, SL/TL, BW/BL, BW/BH and BH/BL. Next, the carcass (CARC, clean body (CB, dorsal muscle (DM, fillet (FL, ribs (RIB, fin (FIN, visceral fat (VISCF, skin with scales (SKIN, as well as the levels of moisture (M, ash (ASH, crude protein (CPB and fat

Aloe vera enhances the innate immune response of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) after transport stress and combined heat killed Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

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Zanuzzo, Fábio S; Sabioni, Rafael E; Montoya, Luz Natalia F; Favero, Gisele; Urbinati, Elisabeth C

2017-06-01

In this study, pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) were fed with diets containing Aloe vera for 10 days prior to transport stress and infection with heat killed Aeromonas hydrophila. A. vera is popular around the world due to its medicinal properties, including immunostimulatory effects which was observed in this study. The results show that transport causes immunosuppression, an effect that was prevented by A. vera. Specifically, A. vera prevented reductions of both leukocyte respiratory burst and hemolytic activity of complement system caused by transport. Further, fish fed with A. vera also showed significantly higher leukocyte respiratory burst, serum lysozyme concentrations and activity of complement system 24 h after bacterial infection. Additionally, we observed that A. vera may modulate the innate response through activation of complement system during bacterial immune stimulation. In summary, A. vera extract enhanced innate immune parameters and consequently the ability of fish to cope with pathogens following transport stress. These findings show that A. vera has promise for use in aquaculture and add further evidence that medicinal herbs added to fish feed assist to prevent disease outbreaks. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The role of the vagus nerve in the generation of cardiorespiratory interactions in a neotropical fish, the pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus.

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Leite, Cleo Alcantara Costa; Taylor, E W; Guerra, C D R; Florindo, L H; Belão, T; Rantin, F T

2009-08-01

The role of the vagus nerve in determining heart rate (f(H)) and cardiorespiratory interactions was investigated in a neotropical fish, Piaractus mesopotamicus. During progressive hypoxia f(H) initially increased, establishing a 1:1 ratio with ventilation rate (f(R)). Subsequently there was a hypoxic bradycardia. Injection of atropine abolished a normoxic inhibitory tonus on the heart and the f(H) adjustments during progressive hypoxia, confirming that they are imposed by efferent parasympathetic inputs via the vagus nerve. Efferent activity recorded from the cardiac vagus in lightly anesthetized normoxic fish included occasional bursts of activity related to spontaneous changes in ventilation amplitude, which increased the cardiac interval. Restricting the flow of aerated water irrigating the gills resulted in increased respiratory effort and bursts of respiration-related activity in the cardiac vagus that seemed to cause f(H) to couple with f(R). Cell bodies of cardiac vagal pre-ganglionic neurons were located in two distinct groups within the dorsal vagal motor column having an overlapping distribution with respiratory motor-neurons. A small proportion of cardiac vagal pre-ganglionic neurons (2%) was in scattered positions in the ventrolateral medulla. This division of cardiac vagal pre-ganglionic neurons into distinct motor groups may relate to their functional roles in determining cardiorespiratory interactions.

Seletividade alimentar de organismos-alimento por formas jovens de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 e curimba Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836 - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v29i2.523 Selective feeding of food organisms by fish larvae of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 and Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836 - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v29i2.523

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Carlos Eduardo Bento Fernandes

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar a seleção alimentar de organismos-alimento por formas jovens de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus e curimba (Prochilodus lineatus com diferentes idades (6, 12, 19 e 26 dias, na presença e ausência de Pistia stratiotes. Foram utilizados quatro tratamentos (T1 = pacu + P. stratiotes; T2 = pacu; T3 = curimba + P. stratiotes; T4 = curimba e quatro repetições. A cada sete dias, foram coletadas 24 larvas de cada espécie de peixe dos tanques, sendo estas mantidas em jejum por 24 horas. Depois de distribuídas nos aquários com plâncton, as larvas permaneceram por três horas, sendo coletadas e fixadas para análise, juntamente com as amostras de água. Os tratos digestórios das larvas foram retirados e analisados sob microscópio óptico. Observaram-se diferenças estatísticas na seletividade alimentar de organismos planctônicos por larvas de mesma espécie, em diferentes idades e também entre larvas de espécies diferentes, com mesma idade, não diferindo quanto à presença ou ausência de P. stratiotes. As formas jovens de pacu e curimba selecionaram organismos similares aos seis dias de idade, passando por alterações até o 26º dia. À medida que se desenvolveram, as larvas de pacu passaram a selecionar cladóceros e ostrácodos e as de curimba, protozoários e algas.The objective was to evaluate the feeding selection of food organisms for two species of fish larvae (pacu and curimba at different ages (6, 12, 19 and 26 days after eclosion, in the presence or absence of Pistia stratiotes. Four treatments were used (T1 = pacu + P. stratiotes; T2 = pacu; T3 = curimba + P. stratiotes; T4 = curimba and four replications. Every seven days, 24 fish larvae of each species were collected, and kept without food for 24 hours. After being distributed in the aquariums with plankton, the larvae stayed for three hours, and were collected and prepared for analysis, along with the water samples. The digestive tract of the fish larvae

Eficácia do florfenicol e da oxitetraciclina no controle de Aeromonas hydrophila em pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus

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S.P. Carraschi

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Determinou-se a concentração eficaz de oxitetraciclina (OTC e florfenicol (FFC no tratamento de Aeromonas hydrophila em pacu (Piaractus. mesopotamicus. Os pacus foram submetidos à captura duas vezes ao dia por quatro dias e em seguida foram infectados com A. hydrophila (2,4x10(7 bactéria mL-1. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: controle sem infecção (CSI, controle com infecção (CCI e tratados com 110,0; 140,0 e 170,0mgOTC.kg-1, e 5,0; 10,0 e 15,0mgFFC.kg-1. As variáveis de qualidade da água foram monitoradas diariamente. Após o tratamento, no CSI dos dois testes, ocorreu 100% de sobrevivência. Nos testes com OTC, no CCI, a sobrevivência foi de 29,2%; em 110,0mg.kg-1, 37,5%; em 140,0mg.kg-1, 29,2%; e em 170,0mg.kg-1, 50,0%. Nos testes com FFC, foi eficaz com 10,0mg.kg-1, e no CCI a sobrevivência foi de 76,9%; em 5,0mg.kg-1, 81,81%; em 10,0mg/L.kg-1, 100% e em 15,0mg.kg-1, 87,5%. A OTC, em concentrações de até 170,0mg.kg-1 de ração, não é eficaz para o controle de A. hydrophila em pacu, e o FFC é eficaz na concentração de 10,0mg.kg-1 e ambos não alteram as variáveis de qualidade de água.

Aerocistite aguda induzida por tioglicolato, lipolisacarídeo e Aeromona hydrophila inativada em Piaractus mesopotamicus: efeitos hematológicos

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Julieta Rodini Engrácia de Moraes

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Os efeitos da injeção de tioglicolato, lipolissacarídio de Escherichia coli e Aeromonas hydrophila inativada na bexiganatatória de pacus, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae foram avaliados quanto às respostas de células vermelhas,leucócitos e trombócitos do sangue. Ensaios quantitativos de eritrócitos, leucócitos e trombócitos foram realizados6, 24 e 48 h após os estímulos e comparados com peixes que receberam solução salina 0,65% pela mesma via. Peixes inoculados com A. hydrophila apresentaram redução do número de eritrócitos e da taxa de hemoglobina enquanto ohematócrito aumentou 6 h após o estímulo. Os resultados mostraram que o tioglicolato e o LPS também induziram redução da hemoglobina e aumento do hematócrito. A contagem de trombócitos diminuiu 6 h após a inoculação deA. hydrophila inativada e aumentou 48 horas após a injeção de LPS. A contagem de leucócitos aumentou 6 h após ainoculação de A. hydrophila enquanto a de linfócitos a leucócitos granulares PAS positivos (PAS_LG diminuiu 24 hdepois. Peixes injetados com tioglicolato o LPS apresentaram aumento do número de LG_PAS em relação aos inoculadoscom A. hydrophila inativada ou grupo controle. A contagem de monócitos não foi afetada pelos diferentes agentes.

Processamento da carne do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus cultivado em tanques-rede no reservatório de Itaipu = Processing of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus meat from net cage farming in the Itaipu reservoir

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Robie Allan Bombardelli

2007-10-01

Full Text Available O trabalho objetivou avaliar as características morfométricas, bromatológicas e o rendimento de cortes da carne do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, cultivados em tanquesrede. Utilizaram-se 45 animais, distribuídos em três tratamentos e 15 repetições cada uma.Os tratamentos constituíram-se de animais alimentados com ração extrusada comercial (REC, resíduos de vegetal cozido (RPV e resíduos cozidos de produção pesqueira (RPP. Realizaram-se as medidas individuais dos animais de comprimento-padrão (CP,comprimento total (CT, comprimento da cabeça (CC, altura da cabeça (AC, largura do tronco (LT, comprimento do tronco (CTR, altura do tronco (AT e, a partir delas, avaliaram-se as relações morfométricas de CC/CP, CC/AC, CP/CT, LT/CTR, LT/AT e AT/CTR. Avaliaram-se os rendimentos: carcaça (RCARC, tronco limpo (TL, musculaturadorsal (MD, filé (FL, costelas (COST, nadadeiras (NAD, gordura visceral (GVISC, pele com escamas (PELE, e os teores de umidade (UM, matéria mineral (MM, proteína bruta (PB e extrato etéreo (EE dos diferentes cortes. Observaram-se maiores resultados (pThis work was carried out to evalue the morphometric and chemical characteristics, as well as the meat cut yields from pacu (Piaractusmesopotamicus reared in net cages. Forty-five specimens were used, distributed in three treatments and 15 replications. The treatments consisted of animals fed with commercial extruded ration (CER, vegetal by-products (VBP and fishery by-products (FBP. Individual morphometric characteristics were measures in terms of standard length (SL, total length (TL, head length (HL head height (HH, body width (BW, body lenght (BL, body height (BH, to evaluate the morphometric ratio of HL/SL, HL/HH, SL/TL, BW/BL, BW/BH and BH/BL. Next, the carcass (CARC, clean body (CB, dorsal muscle (DM, fillet (FL, ribs (RIB, fin (FIN, visceral fat (VISCF, skin with scales (SKIN, as well as the levels of moisture (M, ash (ASH, crude protein (CPB and fat (FAT

Expression of cellular components in granulomatous inflammatory response in Piaractus mesopotamicus model.

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Wilson Gómez Manrique

Full Text Available The present study aimed to describe and characterize the cellular components during the evolution of chronic granulomatous inflammation in the teleost fish pacus (P. mesopotamicus induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG, using S-100, iNOS and cytokeratin antibodies. 50 fish (120±5.0 g were anesthetized and 45 inoculated with 20 μL (40 mg/mL (2.0 x 10(6 CFU/mg and five inoculated with saline (0,65% into muscle tissue in the laterodorsal region. To evaluate the inflammatory process, nine fish inoculated with BCG and one control were sampled in five periods: 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 33rd days post-inoculation (DPI. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the marking with anti-S-100 protein and anti-iNOS antibodies was weak, with a diffuse pattern, between the third and seventh DPI. From the 14th to the 33rd day, the marking became stronger and marked the cytoplasm of the macrophages. Positivity for cytokeratin was initially observed in the 14th DPI, and the stronger immunostaining in the 33rd day, period in which the epithelioid cells were more evident and the granuloma was fully formed. Also after the 14th day, a certain degree of cellular organization was observed, due to the arrangement of the macrophages around the inoculated material, with little evidence of edema. The arrangement of the macrophages around the inoculum, the fibroblasts, the lymphocytes and, in most cases, the presence of melanomacrophages formed the granuloma and kept the inoculum isolated in the 33rd DPI. The present study suggested that the granulomatous experimental model using teleost fish P. mesopotamicus presented a similar response to those observed in mammals, confirming its importance for studies of chronic inflammatory reaction.

Disease resistance of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 fed with β-glucan

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JD Biller-Takahashi

Full Text Available Effects of β-glucan on innate immune responses and survival were studied in pacu experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish fed diets containing 0, 0.1% and 1% β-glucan were injected with A. hydrophila. β-glucan enhanced fish survival in both treated groups (26.7% and 21.2% of the control, respectively. Leukocyte respiratory burst and alternative complement pathway activities were elevated after bacterial challenge regardless the β-glucan concentration. Lysozyme activity was higher after infection and showed a gradual increase as β-glucan concentration increased. A significant elevation in WBC count was observed either after bacterial challenge or by influence of β-glucan separately. The same response was observed in the number of thrombocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, LG-PAS positive cell and monocytes. It can be concluded that feeding pacu with β-glucan can increase protection against A. hydrophila, due to changes in non-specific immune responses.

Crescimento de juvenis de pacu em tanques com aeração noturna - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2122 Growth of pacu juveniles in nightly aerated system - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2122

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Evoy Zaniboni Filho

2003-04-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo avalia o efeito de duas densidades de estocagem (20 e 40 peixes/m2 e da aeração noturna da água dos tanques de cultivo do pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887. Um total de 12 tanques com fundo de terra e paredes de alvenaria foram utilizados em 4 tratamentos com 3 repetições cada. Foram utilizados alevinos com 30 dias de idade, pesando em média 1,93 ± 1,70g, e o experimento foi conduzido durante 60 dias. A aeração noturna possibilitou a obtenção de valores médios de oxigênio de 5,6 ± 0,5 e 5,8 ± 0,5mg O2/l para as densidades de 20 e 40 peixes/m2, enquanto nos tanques sem a aeração os valores de oxigênio foram de 4,3 ± 0,7 e 3,4 ± 0,7mg O2/l, respectivamente. A biomassa foi o único parâmetro que aumentou com a aeração noturna, enquanto que a sobrevivência e o crescimento apresentaram efeitos discretos.The present study evaluated the effects of two stocking densities (20 and 40 fish/m2 and nightly aeration on water quality and growth of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887. Twelve ponds with concrete walls and earthen bottom were used to set 4 treatments with 3 repetitions each. 30-day old fish with average weight (mean standard ± deviation of 1.93 ± 1.70g in the beginning of the experiment were observed for 60 days. Nightly aeration promoted 5.6 ± 0.5 and 5.8 ± 0.5mg O2/l at dawn in the population densities of 20 and 40 fish/m2, while the unaerated ponds allowed 4.3 ± 0.7 and 3.4 ± 0.7mg O2/l for these densities, respectively. Fish biomass was the only biological parameter increased by nightly aeration, while discrete effects were observed in growth and survival.

Eficácia do fembendazole no controle de nematódeos de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1987 The efficiency of fembendazole in the control of nematodes in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1987

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Jorge Erick Garcia Parra

1997-06-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho foi realizado no Centro de Pesquisa e Treinamento em Aquicultura (CEPTA/1BAMA, município de Pirassununga, SP. Foram utilizados 60 pacus, dos viveiros da Estação de Piscicultura do CEPTA, com peso médio de 600g. Foi realizado um teste visando avaliar o efeito do Femben-dazote (adicionado no alimento em diferentes dosagens, sobre os nematódeos presentes no tubo intestinal do pacu, utilizando três tratamentos: Tl - grupo testemunha (ração sem Fembendazole, T2 - 20mg de Fembendazole/kg de ração e T3 - 40mg de Fembendazo-le/kg de ração. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado. A unidade experimental foi o peixe. Não houve diferença significativa (P 0,05 entre os tratamentos com anti-helmintico Fembendazole nas dosagens de 20mg/kg e 40/ng/kg de ração e o grupo testemunha.This study was done at lhe Agricultural Centre for Training and Research (CEPTA/IBAMA m the municipality of Pirassununga, São Paulo. Sixty pacus, wilh an average weight of 600g were obtained from the nurseries of the fish statíon at CEPTA. An experiment to determine the ejfect of fenbendazole (added to the ration in varíous doses on nematodes in the alimentary canal ofthe pacu was realized using three treatments. Tl - contrai group (ration without fenbendazole, T2 - 20mg fenbendazole/kg ration, and T3 - 40mgfenbendazole/kg ration. The experimental ouüine was totally random. The fish was the experimental unit. There was no significam dijference (P 0.05 befween the treatments wilh the anti-helminthic fenbendazole added to the ration in doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg and the contrai group.

Diâmetro do ingrediente e a digestibilidade aparente de rações por duas espécies de peixes tropicais Ingredient diameter and apparent digestibility of diet by two tropical fish species

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Margarida Maria Barros

2002-04-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi realizado no Laboratório de Pesquisas em Nutrição de Organismos Aquáticos, da FMVZ - Unesp Campus de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, unidade integrada ao Centro de Aquicultura da Unesp. Teve por objetivo avaliar a influência do diâmetro do ingrediente alimentar (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5 mm, por meio da digestibilidade aparente de rações pela tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus L. (Perciformes cichlidae, e pelo pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg Characiformes, Characidae, com peso médio de 100,0 gramas. Foram determinados os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta e extrato etéreo. Estes tratamentos foram avaliados por meio de análise de variância em um esquema fatorial 2 x 5 (duas espécies de peixes e cinco diâmetros. Os resultados demonstram que existe interação significativa entre o diâmetro da partícula alimentar e a espécie, e que o diâmetro mais adequado da partícula para a confecção de rações apresenta-se entre 1,0 mm e 2,0 mm para o pacu e, de 1,5 mm para a tilápia do Nilo.This research was carried out at the Aquatic Organisms Nutrition Research Laboratory, FMVZ - Unesp - Campus of Botucatu, a unit of Aquaculture Center of Unesp (Universidade Estadual de São Paulo - Brazil. The objective was to evaluate the ingredient diameter influence (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and 2.5 mm, using the apparent digestibility of diets by Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. (Perciformes cichlidae and pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg Characiformes, Characidae. The coefficients were determined according to dry matter, crude protein and ether extract. These treatments were analyzed by variance analysis in the factorial design 2 x 5 (two fish species and five diameters. The result showed that there is significant interaction between ingredient diamater and species and that, the most appropriate ingredient diameter to manufacture fish diets is between 1.0 and 2.0 mm to pacu

Métodos de coleta de fezes e determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade da fração protéica e da energia de alimentos para o pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 Fecal collection methods and determination of crude protein and of gross energy digestibility coefficients of feedstuffs for pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887

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Eduardo Gianini Abimorad

2004-10-01

Full Text Available Para melhorar a alimentação do pacu (Piaracatus mesopotamicus, é necessário conhecer o nível de aproveitamento dos ingredientes utilizados em suas dietas. Neste trabalho, inicialmente, foram analisados quatro métodos de coleta de fezes, em função da precisão e da versatilidade (dissecação, extrusão, Guelph e Guelph modificado, e o tempo entre as coletas de fezes nos sistemas de Guelph, por intermédio do coeficiente de digestibilidade da proteína bruta de uma dieta-referência para o pacu. Não houve diferença entre os métodos de coleta de fezes; já os intervalos de tempo das coletas apresentaram diferenças, podendo interferir nos resultados de digestibilidade da proteína. Em uma segunda etapa, para determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína e da energia de cinco concentrados protéicos de origem animal, cinco de origem vegetal e quatro energéticos, foram utilizadas rações elaboradas com 69,5% de uma dieta-referência, 30% do ingrediente teste e 0,5% de Cr2O3, utilizando o método de extrusão manual para a coleta de fezes. Os valores de digestibilidade da proteína da maioria dos alimentos apresentaram-se altos e não variaram estatisticamente, de 93,89 a 75,73% para o farelo de trigo e a farinha de penas, respectivamente. Entretanto, a farinha de sangue e a levedura apresentaram valores de digestibilidade da fração protéica significativamente inferiores (57,72 e 68,86%, respectivamente. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da energia dos alimentos variaram consideravelmente, apresentando altos valores (acima de 90% para o sorgo, o farelo de arroz e as sojas crua e tostada, e baixos valores (menores que 70% para as farinhas de vísceras e de sangue, os farelos de soja e de algodão e a levedura. Quanto aos métodos de coleta de fezes, conclui-se que qualquer um pode ser adotado para a determinação de digestibilidade, desde que sejam rigorosamente aplicados. De maneira geral, a maioria dos

Efectos del parasitismo sobre el tejido branquial en peces cultivados: estudio parasitologico e histopatologico Effect of the parasitism on the gill tissue of cultivated fishes: parasitological and histopathological studies

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Maurício Laterça Martins

1996-01-01

Full Text Available One hundred four out of 225 diagnosticated cases were myxosporidian, monogenean, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 and bacterial diseases in Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (pacu, Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818 (tambaqui and tambacu, at Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil, between 1992 and 1995. The gills were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution to posterior histologic routine. It was observed Henneguya sp. cysts into the capillaries of the secondary lamellae, encapsulated by the respiratory epithelium cells. It provoked adherence of the adjacent lamellae, hyperplasia, congestion, oedema and epithelium displacement. Monogeneans infestations by Anacanthorus penilabiatus Boeger, Husak & Martins, 1995 and Ancyrocephalinae sub-family caused light inflammatory reaction and hyperplasia. In severe infestations was observed hyperplasia of primary lamellae, necrosis, oedema, respiratory epithelium displacement, ruptured pillar cells and telangiectasis. Response to I. multifiliis was limited to surrounding epithelial cells in young fishes and hyperplasia, necrosis, inflammatory infiltrate and oedema in old fishes. Such lesions iniciate hyperplasic and oedematous process that with inflammation of the parasitic sites, provoked alterations over gases and ions interchange surface and consequently fish metabolism.

Considerações sobre a reprodução artificial e alevinagem de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887 em viveiros Considerations on artificial reproduction and fingerling culture of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887 in ponds

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Carlos Roberto Padovani

2000-05-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a reprodução artificial, incubação e alevinagem de pacu em viveiros de terra. As técnicas de propagação artificial possibilitam o suprimento de ovos para uma grande variedade de peixes destinados à criação em viveiros e outros corpos de água confinados, bem como para sistemas superintensivos. Essas técnicas tornaram igualmente possível introduzir várias espécies importantes de peixes em áreas geográficas separadas. Além disso, permitem a incubação, a eclosão de ovos e larvicultura em condições bem protegidas e independentes das condições climáticas. Dependendo do sistema, 20 a 70% dos ovos produzidos têm possibilidade de se transformarem em alevinos; em contrapartida, a taxa de sobrevivência, sob condições naturais, geralmente é muito inferior a 1% dos ovos produzidosThis paper presents a literature review on pacu artificial reproduction, incubation and fingerling culture of pacu in ponds. The techniques of artificial propagation facilitate egg supply for a great variety of fish set aside to be raised in ponds and other impounded water bodies, as well as for superintensive systems. Those techniques made it equally possible to introduce several important fish species in separate geographical areas. Besides, they allow incubation, eggs eclosion and larvae culture under protected conditions, independently of climatic conditions. Depending on the system perfection, 20 to 70% of the eggs are liable to hatch and produce fingerlings. On the other hand the survival rate under natural conditions is generally lower than 1% of eggs

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF PACU (Piaractus mesopotamicus, FED CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta FOLIAGE IN DIETS RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS DO PACU (Piaractus mesopotamicus, ALIMENTADO COM RAMA DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta NA RAÇÃO

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João Teodoro Padua

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Brazil is the largest world producer of cassava. Leafs and stem of cassava can be a alternative source of protein for omnivorous fish. However, the potential use is limited by the presence of high level of cyanide acid. The present study evaluated physiological responses of juvenile pacu submitted to increasing levels of the final third of the cassava foliage meal in diets. A completely randomized design was used in factorial scheme 4x2, four levels, 0, 12, 24 and 36 % of cassava foliage meal (CFM, and 2 levels of crude protein (CP, 24 % and 30 %, with three replicates. Three hundred twelve fish (55.33±6.19 g were distributed into 24 ponds of 13 m2. Results indicated that the levels of CFM inclusion affected the hemoglobin values (P<0.01, as well as the CP level (P<0.05, with interaction of these factors (P<0.01. Significant interaction among the CFM levels and CP was also observed for hematocrit, plasma protein (P<0.01 and plasma lipid (P<0.05. In the 24 % CP level was observed higher values of Hb in control and 36 % of CFM (3.51 g/dl and 3.25 g/dl respectively while with 30 % CP the control diet and 36 % CFM presented the smallest values (3.29 g/dl and 2.78 g/dl respectively. The higher level of CFM tested, inside of any protein level, had low influence on the pacu metabolism.

KEY WORDS: Cassava leaf and stem fish metabolism, pacu, P. Mesopotamicus.
O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de mandioca, disponibilizando a rama de mandioca como fonte alternativa na alimentação de peixes onívoros. No entanto, o potencial de uso da rama é limitado pela toxidez do ácido cianídrico. Objetivou-se avaliar a resposta fisiológica do pacu alimentado com níveis crescentes da rama de mandioca. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 4x2, quatro níveis de rama de mandioca (RM (0%, 12%, 24% e 36% e dois níveis de proteína bruta (PB (24% e 30% com três repetições. Trezentos e doze peixes (55,33±6,19 g foram

Considerações sobre a reprodução artificial e alevinagem de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887) em viveiros Considerations on artificial reproduction and fingerling culture of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887) in ponds

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Carlos Roberto Padovani; Claudio Luiz Bock

2000-01-01

Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a reprodução artificial, incubação e alevinagem de pacu em viveiros de terra. As técnicas de propagação artificial possibilitam o suprimento de ovos para uma grande variedade de peixes destinados à criação em viveiros e outros corpos de água confinados, bem como para sistemas superintensivos. Essas técnicas tornaram igualmente possível introduzir várias espécies importantes de peixes em áreas geográficas separadas. Além disso, permitem a...

Effect of ractopamine on the chemical and physical characteristics of pacu(Piaractus mesopotamicus steaks

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L.M.F.S. Oliveira

2014-02-01

Full Text Available The objective was to evaluate the use of ractopamine (RAC in the diet for pacu (Piaractus mesopotaminus in the finishing phase on some quality parameters of the fillets. Thirty-five animals weighing 0.868±0.168kg were distributed in a completely randomised design with five treatments (0.0 - control; 11.25, 22.50, 33.75 and 45 ppm of RAC and seven replicates with two fillets obtained from the same animal. The diets were isocaloric and isoprotein and experimental time was 90 days. RAC did not affect (P>0.05 the initial pH or ph after 24 hours of the fillets. Compared to the control, RAC increased (P<0.05 the moisture content of the fillets in natura and lipid oxidation of samples stored for 12 days in the refrigerator or freezer for 60 days. The RAC in 11.25 ppm reduced (P<0.05 the lipid content, while 45 ppm reduced (P<0.05 the crude protein in the fillets. Considering only RAC, there was a linear increase (P<0.05 in the lipid content (P<0.05 and a linear reduction in crude protein and weight loss after cooking the fillets. There was a quadratic effect (P<0.05 on the ash content, weight loss and lipid oxidation in fillets stored in the refrigerator or freezer. A RAC dose of 33.75 ppm resulted in a lower lipid oxidation index. In conclusion, ractopamine at 11.25 ppm is effective for reducing the fat content in fillets of pacu, although it increases the formation of peroxides in samples kept in the freezer for longer than 60 days. At 33.75 ppm, ractopamine is effective in reducing the effect of oxidation during storage in the refrigerator or freezer.

Método estimativo para amostragem quantitativa de Rondonia rondoni (Nematoda: Atractidae parasito de peixes Estimative method for quantitative sampling of Rondonia rondoni (Nematoda: Atractidae parasite of fish

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Cristiane M. De Campos

2007-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o número de Rondonia rondoni no intestino de Piaractus mesopotamicus, por meio da diferença entre peso úmido e peso seco das amostras de parasitos para cada hospedeiro, a partir da relação do peso seco e número de parasitos pré-estabelecida. Amostras totais de R. rondoni, de 37 espécimes de Piaractus mesopotamicus, foram medidas para obtenção do peso úmido, desidratadas em estufa com temperatura entre 55ºC e 60ºC e, após 24 h seu peso seco foi determinado. Por meio de uma regra de três simples, calculou-se o número de parasitos a partir da diferença entre o peso úmido e o peso seco, considerando um erro padrão médio de 6,027 para um número médio de 1010 indivíduos, quantificado em ensaio prévio. A equação da regressão linear estimada foi de y = 13,138x - 162,01 e r² = 0,9989, a qual foi significativa (p The presente work evaluated the number of Rondonia rondoni in intestine of Piaractus mesopotamicus, for diference of dry and wet weight of parasites samples by each host, from the relation dry weight and number of parasites. Totals samples of R. rondoni of 37 specimens of P. mesopotamicus for attaiment of wet weight, dehydrated in stove with temperature between 55ºC and 60ºC, the wet weight was measured after 24 h. The number of parasites was calculated with rule of three, considering the average number of 1,010 ± 6.027 specimens quantified in previous assay. The equation of linear regression is y = 13.138x - 162.01 and r² = 0.9989. The normality of the data was proven with Kolmogorov-Smirnov (p < 0.01.

Histologia e ultraestrutura do rim e rim cefálico do pacu

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Gerlane M. Costa

2012-05-01

Full Text Available O pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, é um teleósteo da Família Characidae, intensivamente cultivado no Brasil devido sua rusticidade, crescimento rápido e fácil adaptação. O conhecimento morfológico dos sistemas corpóreos, incluído órgãos linfóide, se faz necessário, para uma melhor produção no cultivo de peixes, fornecendo subsídios na manutenção dos estoques. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever morfologicamente o rim e rim cefálico de Piaractus mesopotamicus, analisando os perfis celulares de cada órgão com o uso de microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. O resultado da análise macroscópica mostrou que a localização do rim e rim cefálico são as mesmas encontradas na maioria dos teleósteos. O rim apresentou uma forma em "H", onde a região média se expandia sobre a bexiga natatória. O rim cefálico se apresentou como uma dilatação na região cranial do rim, mostrando-se bem visível. Na microscopia eletrônica de transmissão também foram observadas similaridades ultraestruturais com outros teleósteos. Observando nossos resultados concluímos que histologicamente e ultraestruturalmente, os órgãos linfóides rim e rim cefálico de Piaractus mesopotamicus são similares aos de outros teleósteos.

Kahekordne juubilar - Velfrid Holmberg / J. Vihma

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Vihma, J.

2008-01-01

töökas ja tubli hiidlane, ehitusettevõtte "Holm Construction Co" rajaja Velfrid Holmberg pühitseb aprillis kaht tähtpäeva - oma 80. juubelit ja tema poolt rajatud suusakuurordi "Devil's Elbow" 45. "sünnipäeva"

Star formation rate in Holmberg IX dwarf galaxy

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Anđelić M.M.

2011-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper we use previously determined Hα fluxes for dwarf galaxy Holmberg IX (Arbutina et al. 2009 to calculate star formation rate (SFR in this galaxy. We discuss possible contaminations of Hα flux and, for the first time, we take into account optical emission from supernova remnants (SNRs as a possible source of contamination of Hα flux. Derived SFR for Holmberg IX is 3:4 x 10-4M.yr-1. Our value is lower then in previous studies, due to luminous shock-heated source M&H 9-10, possible hypernova remnant, which we excluded from the total Hα flux in our calculation of SFR.

New host records and description of the egg of Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae

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MC Pamplona-Basilio

2001-07-01

Full Text Available Anacanthorus penilabiatus is referred parasitizing the type-host Piaractus mesopotamicus (Serrasalmidae and two new hosts, Colossoma macropomum and C. brachypomum (Characidae from fish ponds of "Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas", Pentecoste, State of Ceará, Brazil. Table of measurements and the first description of the egg are presented.

Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de “pesque-pague” do município de Guariba, São Paulo, Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v28i3.253 Parasitic fauna of cultivated fishes in fee fishing farm of Guariba, São Paulo State, Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v28i3.253

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Julieta Rodini Engracia de Moraes

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho descreve a ocorrência e a sazonalidade de parasitos em peixes de “pesque-pague” do município de Guariba, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (21º15`22``S, 48º18`58``W e 595 m de altitude, durante o período de agosto de 2001 a julho de 2002. A presença de parasitos foi pesquisada em pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae, carpa comum Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae, tilápia-do-Nilo Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae, híbrido tambacu (macho de P. mesopotamicus x fêmea de tambaqui-Colossoma macropomum e piraputanga Brycon hillari (Characidae. Os resultados demonstram que dos 100 peixes examinados, 15% estavam parasitados por pelo menos um dos seguintes parasitos: Trichodina sp.; helmintos monogenóides; copepoditos de Lernaea cyprinacea; L. cyprinacea adulta ou Dolops carvalhoi. Por ordem decrescente, o grau de suscetibilidade dos hospedeiros foi C. carpio, P. mesopotamicus, B. hillari, híbrido tambacu e O. niloticus. Por ordem decrescente, os parasitos encontrados foram helmintos monogenóides, Dolops carvalhoi, Trichodina sp., Lernaea cyprinacea adultas e suas formas jovens.This study describes the occurrence and the seasonality of parasites of cultivated fish from a fee fishing farm located in Guariba, São Paulo State, Brazil (21º15`22`` S, 48º18`58`` W and 595 m of altitude, from August, 2001 to July, 2002. The presence of parasites was researched in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae, common carp Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae, nile-tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae, tambacu hybrid (male of P. mesopotamicus x female of tambaqui-Colossoma macropomum and piraputanga Brycon hillari (Characidae. Results demonstrate that out of 100 fish examined, 15% were sponged for at least one of the following parasites: Trichodina sp.; monogenean helminths; copepodits of Lernaea cyprinacea; adults of L. cyprinacea; or Dolops carvalhoi. In decreasing order, the susceptibility degree of the hosts was C. carpio, P. mesopotamicus, B

Trichodina colisae (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae: new parasite records for two freshwater fish species farmed in Brazil Trichodina colisae (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae: novo registro de parasito para duas espécies de peixes de água doce cultivadas no Brasil

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Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Family Trichodinidae comprises ciliate protozoa distributed worldwide; they are considered some of the main parasitological agents infecting cultivated fish. However, the trichodinidae parasitizing important fish species cultured in Brazil are unknown, and more taxonomic studies on this group of parasites are required. This research morphologically characterizes Trichodina colisae Asmat & Sultana, (2005 of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus and patinga hybrid (P. mesopotamicus × P. brachypomus cultivated in the central and southeast regions of the country. Fresh assemblies were made from mucus scraped from the skin, fins and gills, fixed with methanol and, subsequently, impregnated with silver nitrate and stained with Giemsa for assessment under light microscopy. This research reports not only the second occurrence of T. colisae in the world, but also its first occurrence in South America.Tricodinídeos são protozoários ciliados móveis com ampla distribuição mundial; são considerados um dos agentes parasitários que mais acometem peixes cultivados. No Brasil, a maioria dos tricodinídeos que parasitam importantes espécies de peixes cultivados são desconhecidos, o que requer mais estudos taxonômicos com esse grupo de parasitos. Este estudo caracteriza morfologicamente Trichodina colisae Asmat & Sultana, 2005 de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus e do híbrido patinga (P. mesopotamicus × P. brachypomus cultivados, respectivamente, no Centro-Oeste e Sudeste do Brasil. Foram feitas montagens a fresco do raspado de muco da pele, nadadeiras e brânquias, fixados com metanol e, posteriormente, impregnados com nitrato de prata e coradas com Giemsa para avaliação em microscopia óptica. O presente estudo relata não só a segunda ocorrência de T. colisae no mundo, mas também a primeira ocorrência na América do Sul.

Estimulantes alimentares para larvas de pacu Feeding stimulants for pacu lavae

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Marcelo Borges Tesser

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar o efeito estimulante de cinco aminoácidos (alanina, arginina, glicina, histidina e lisina da betaína e de suas misturas sobre a taxa de ingestão de dieta microencapsulada durante o desenvolvimento larval de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus. Os resultados da análise estatística comprovaram a existência de efeito significativo, tanto da idade das larvas como dos aminoácidos, sobre a taxa de ingestão. No entanto, não houve significância estatística para a interação dos dois fatores. A glicina, a lisina e a beta��na foram considerados bons estimuladores do comportamento alimentar de larvas de pacu.The present study aimed to investigate the stimulant effect of five amino acids (alanine, arginine, glycine, histidine and lysine from betaine and their mixtures on the ingestion rates of formulated diet during the larval development of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus. The statistical results showed significant effect of age and treatment. However, no significant effect was observed for the interaction of both factors. Glycine, lysine and betaine are considered good stimulants of the pacu feeding behavior.

Genetic identification of F1 and post-F1 serrasalmid juvenile hybrids in Brazilian aquaculture.

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Diogo Teruo Hashimoto

Full Text Available Juvenile fish trade monitoring is an important task on Brazilian fish farms. However, the identification of juvenile fish through morphological analysis is not feasible, particularly between interspecific hybrids and pure species individuals, making the monitoring of these individuals difficult. Hybrids can be erroneously identified as pure species in breeding facilities, which might reduce production on farms and negatively affect native populations due to escapes or stocking practices. In the present study, we used a multi-approach analysis (molecular and cytogenetic markers to identify juveniles of three serrasalmid species (Colossoma macropomum, Piaractus mesopotamicus and Piaractus brachypomus and their hybrids in different stocks purchased from three seed producers in Brazil. The main findings of this study were the detection of intergenus backcrossing between the hybrid ♀ patinga (P. mesopotamicus×P. brachypomus×♂ C. macropomum and the occurrence of one hybrid triploid individual. This atypical specimen might result from automixis, a mechanism that produces unreduced gametes in some organisms. Moreover, molecular identification indicated that hybrid individuals are traded as pure species or other types of interspecific hybrids, particularly post-F1 individuals. These results show that serrasalmid fish genomes exhibit high genetic heterogeneity, and multi-approach methods and regulators could improve the surveillance of the production and trade of fish species and their hybrids, thereby facilitating the sustainable development of fish farming.

Growth and hematology of juvenile pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887 fed with increasing levels of vitamin E (DL-α-tocopheryl acetate

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RICARDO Y. SADO

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Intensive fish production systems are characterized by 100% artificial feeding, so any dietary imbalances or deficiencies may lead to diseases outbreaks and economic losses. This study was set out to determine the effects of increasing levels of dietary vitamin E on growth and hematology of juvenile pacu. Fishes were fed for 90 days, twice a day until apparent satiation with semi-purified diets containing 0.0; 25; 50; 150; 300 or 600 mg.kg−1 diet DL-α-tocopheryl acetate in a completely randomized design trial (n=4; biometrical and hematological data were collected and analyzed. Fishes fed with vit E diet (150 mg.kg−1 showed higher (p<0.05 weight gain and specific growth. Hematocrit, erythroblast number and total plasma protein were increased (p<0.05 in fishes fed diet with no vit E diet. Vitamin E supplementation in artificial diets for pacu is essential for growth and maintenance of normal erythropoiesis.

Broadband X-ray spectra of the ultraluminous x-ray source Holmberg IX X-1 observed with NuSTAR, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Walton, D. J.; Harrison, F. A.; Grefenstette, B. W.

2014-01-01

We present results from the coordinated broadband X-ray observations of the extreme ultraluminous X-ray source Holmberg IX X-1 performed by NuSTAR, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku in late 2012. These observations provide the first high-quality spectra of Holmberg IX X-1 above 10 keV to date, extending the...

NuSTAR, XMM-Newton and Suzaku Observations of the Ultraluminous X-Ray Source Holmberg II X-1

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Walton, D. J.; Middleton, M. J.; Rana, V.

2015-01-01

We present the first broadband 0.3-25.0 keV X-ray observations of the bright ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) Holmberg II X-1, performed by NuSTAR, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku in 2013 September. The NuSTAR data provide the first observations of Holmberg II X-1 above 10 keV and reveal a very steep high...

Milt cryopreservation for rheophilic fish threatened by extinction in the Rio Grande, Brazil.

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de Andrade, Estefânia Souza; Paula, Daniella Aparecida de Jesus; Felizardo, Viviane de Oliveira; Murgas, Luis David Solis; Veras, Galileu Crovatto; Vieira e Rosa, Priscila

2014-01-01

Specific protocols for milt cryopreservation have been established for some freshwater fish species. However, cryopreservation reduces sperm quality, giving unsatisfactory results in reproduction. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different cryoprotectants on the quality of Prochilodus lineatus, Brycon orbignyanus and Piaractus mesopotamicus milt after cryopreservation. The milt was diluted in different cryoprotectant solutions containing 10% methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol, propylene glycol or ethylene glycol combined with the Beltsville Thawing Solution extender (5%), then placed in the vapour of a liquid nitrogen (LN) storage tank for 24 h, after which they were immersed in LN. After rewarming, the rate (%) and duration (s) of milt motility and abnormal morphology were evaluated. All of cryoprotectant solutions tested used maintained the viability of P. lineatus and P. mesopotamicus milt. However, in P. lineatus, glycerol ensured a lower percentage of abnormal morphology. In case of P. mesopotamicus, all of the cryoprotectant solutions tested may be used in the cryopreservation process, with the exception of those containing glycerol. For B. orbignyanus, cryoprotectant solutions containing methanol and ethylene glycol are recommended for use in the cryopreservation process, although they reduced the quality of sperm post-rewarming.

Isolation and characterization of Flavobacterium columnare (Bernardet et al. 2002 from four tropical fish species in Brazil

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F. Pilarski

Full Text Available Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease in freshwater fish, implicated in skin and gill disease, often causing high mortality. The aim of this study was the isolation and characterization of Flavobacterium columnare in tropical fish in Brazil. Piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus, pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum and cascudo (Hypostomus plecostomus were examined for external lesions showing signs of colunmaris disease such as greyish white spots, especially on the head, dorsal part and caudal fin of the fish. The sampling comprised 50 samples representing four different fish species selected for study. Samples for culture were obtained by skin and kidney scrapes with a sterile cotton swabs of columnaris disease fish and streaked onto Carlson and Pacha (1968 artificial culture medium (broth and solid which were used for isolation. The strains in the liquid medium were Gram negative, long, filamentous, exhibited flexing movements (gliding motility, contained a large number of long slender bacteria and gathered into ‘columns'. Strains on the agar produced yellow-pale colonies, rather small, flat that had rhizoid edges. A total of four Flavobacterium columnare were isolated: 01 Brycon orbignyanus strain, 01 Piaractus mesopotamicus strain, 01 Colossoma macropomum strain, and 01 Hypostomus plecostomus strain. Biochemical characterization, with its absorption of Congo red dye, production of flexirubin-type pigments, H2S production and reduction of nitrates proved that the isolate could be classified as Flavobacterium columnare.

BVR PHOTOMETRY OF SUPERGIANT STARS IN HOLMBERG II

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Y.-J. Sohn

2006-03-01

Full Text Available We report the photometric properties in BVR bands for the resolved bright supergiant stars in the dwarf galaxy Holmberg II. The color-magnitude diagrams and color-color diagram of 374 resolved stars indicate that the majority of the member stars are supergiant stars with a wide range of spectral type between B-K. A comparison with theoretical evolutionary tracks indicates that the supergiant stars in the observed field have progenitor masses between ~10M_⨀ and 20M_⨀. The exponent of luminosity function in V is in good agreement with those of the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds.

X-RAY OUTFLOWS AND SUPER-EDDINGTON ACCRETION IN THE ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE HOLMBERG IX X-1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Walton, D. J.; Harrison, F. A.; Miller, J. M.; Reis, R. C.; Fabian, A. C.; Roberts, T. P.; Middleton, M. J.

2013-01-01

Studies of X-ray continuum emission and flux variability have not conclusively revealed the nature of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) at the high-luminosity end of the distribution (those with L X ≥ 10 40 erg s –1 ). These are of particular interest because the luminosity requires either super-Eddington accretion onto a black hole of mass ∼10 M ☉ or more standard accretion onto an intermediate-mass black hole. Super-Eddington accretion models predict strong outflowing winds, making atomic absorption lines a key diagnostic of the nature of extreme ULXs. To search for such features, we have undertaken a long, 500 ks observing campaign on Holmberg IX X-1 with Suzaku. This is the most sensitive data set in the iron K bandpass for a bright, isolated ULX to date, yet we find no statistically significant atomic features in either emission or absorption; any undetected narrow features must have equivalent widths less than 15-20 eV at 99% confidence. These limits are far below the ∼>150 eV lines expected if observed trends between mass inflow and outflow rates extend into the super-Eddington regime and in fact rule out the line strengths observed from disk winds in a variety of sub-Eddington black holes. We therefore cannot be viewing the central regions of Holmberg IX X-1 through any substantial column of material, ruling out models of spherical super-Eddington accretion. If Holmberg IX X-1 is a super-Eddington source, any associated outflow must have an anisotropic geometry. Finally, the lack of iron emission suggests that the stellar companion cannot be launching a strong wind and that Holmberg IX X-1 must primarily accrete via Roche-lobe overflow

Digestible energy of crude glycerol for pacu and silver catfish

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Rafael Ernesto Balen

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The increase in global biodiesel production is originating a glycerol surplus, which has no defined destination. An alternative to overcome this problem is its use as energy source in animal feeding. In Brazil, Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus is one of the most farmed native fish species, whereas Silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen is suitable for production in subtropical region. Considering little knowledge about crude glycerol utilization in feeds for Neotropical fish species, it was evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs for energy of crude glycerol for P. mesopotamicus and R. quelen. The digestibility and digestible energy content of crude glycerol can be considered excellent even when compared to energy of common ingredients such as maize and wheat, presenting 0.97 and 0.89 of energy ADCs, and 15.2 and 13.95MJ kg-1 of digestible energy for Pacu and Silver catfish, respectively. In conclusion, crude glycerol is an energetic ingredient with good potential in Brazilian native fish diets.

Perulernaea gamitanae (Copepoda: Lernaeidae parasitizing tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum (Characidae and the hybrids tambacu and tambatinga, cultured in northern Brazil

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M. Tavares-Dias

2011-08-01

Full Text Available The infestation rate in Colossoma macropomum, hybrid tambacu (C. macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus and hybrid tambatinga (C. macropomum x Piaractus brachypomum with Perulernaea gamitanae Thatcher and Paredes, 1985 from two fish farms in Amapá State, Brazil was studied. Lernaeid parasites (n=2887 were collected mainly on the tongue and the mouth cavity and also on cartilage of gill arches and filaments. Inflammation and fibrous nodules were observed on the attachment sites of the parasites. The infestation rate varied according to the fish farm and host. The prevalence of P. gamitanae was of 100% in hosts from one fish farm and was lower in the other fish farm. Higher intensity of P. gamitanae occurred in hybrids tambacu and tambatinga, but despite the high prevalence its intensity was moderate. This is the first report on epidemiology of P. gamitanae in cultured fishes from Brazilian Amazonia, and the occurrence of this crustacean parasite in two new hosts, the hybrids tambacu and tambatinga.

Star-formation complexes in the `galaxy-sized' supergiant shell of the galaxy Holmberg I

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Egorov, Oleg V.; Lozinskaya, Tatiana A.; Moiseev, Alexei V.; Smirnov-Pinchukov, Grigory V.

2018-05-01

We present the results of observations of the galaxy Holmberg I carried out at the Russian 6-m telescope in the narrow-band imaging, long-slit spectroscopy, and scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer modes. A detailed analysis of gas kinematics, ionization conditions, and metallicity of star-forming regions in the galaxy is presented. The aim of the paper is to analyse the propagation of star formation in the galaxy and to understand the role of the ongoing star formation in the evolution of the central `galaxy-sized' supergiant H I shell (SGS), where all regions of star formation are observed. We show that star formation in the galaxy occurs in large unified complexes rather than in individual giant H II regions. Evidence of the triggered star formation is observed both on scales of individual complexes and of the whole galaxy. We identified two supernova-remnant candidates and one late-type WN star and analysed their spectrum and surrounding-gas kinematics. We provide arguments indicating that the SGS in Holmberg I is destructing by the influence of star formation occurring on its rims.

Broadband X-ray spectra of the ultraluminous X-ray source Holmberg IX X-1 observed with NuSTAR, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walton, D. J.; Harrison, F. A.; Grefenstette, B. W.; Fuerst, F.; Madsen, K. K.; Rana, V.; Stern, D. [Space Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Miller, J. M. [Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 500 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1042 (United States); Bachetti, M.; Barret, D.; Webb, N. [Universite de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse (France); Boggs, S. E.; Craig, W. W. [Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Christensen, F. E. [DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby (Denmark); Fabian, A. C.; Parker, M. L. [Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA (United Kingdom); Hailey, C. J. [Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 (United States); Ptak, A.; Zhang, W. W., E-mail: dwalton@srl.caltech.edu [NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States)

2014-09-20

We present results from the coordinated broadband X-ray observations of the extreme ultraluminous X-ray source Holmberg IX X-1 performed by NuSTAR, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku in late 2012. These observations provide the first high-quality spectra of Holmberg IX X-1 above 10 keV to date, extending the X-ray coverage of this remarkable source up to ∼30 keV. Broadband observations were undertaken at two epochs, between which Holmberg IX X-1 exhibited both flux and strong spectral variability, increasing in luminosity from L {sub X} = (1.90 ± 0.03) × 10{sup 40} erg s{sup –1} to L {sub X} = (3.35 ± 0.03) × 10{sup 40} erg s{sup –1}. Neither epoch exhibits a spectrum consistent with emission from the standard low/hard accretion state seen in Galactic black hole binaries, which would have been expected if Holmberg IX X-1 harbors a truly massive black hole accreting at substantially sub-Eddington accretion rates. The NuSTAR data confirm that the curvature observed previously in the 3-10 keV bandpass does represent a true spectral cutoff. During each epoch, the spectrum appears to be dominated by two optically thick thermal components, likely associated with an accretion disk. The spectrum also shows some evidence for a nonthermal tail at the highest energies, which may further support this scenario. The available data allow for either of the two thermal components to dominate the spectral evolution, although both scenarios require highly nonstandard behavior for thermal accretion disk emission.

Chromosome mapping of repetitive sequences in four Serrasalmidae species (Characiformes

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Leila Braga Ribeiro

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The Serrasalmidae family is composed of a number of commercially interesting species, mainly in the Amazon region where most of these fishes occur. In the present study, we investigated the genomic organization of the 18S and 5S rDNA and telomeric sequences in mitotic chromosomes of four species from the basal clade of the Serrasalmidae family: Colossoma macropomum, Mylossoma aureum, M. duriventre, and Piaractus mesopotamicus, in order to understand the chromosomal evolution in the family. All the species studied had diploid numbers 2n = 54 and exclusively biarmed chromosomes, but variations of the karyotypic formulas were observed. C-banding resulted in similar patterns among the analyzed species, with heterochromatic blocks mainly present in centromeric regions. The 18S rDNA mapping of C. macropomum and P. mesopotamicus revealed multiple sites of this gene; 5S rDNA sites were detected in two chromosome pairs in all species, although not all of them were homeologs. Hybridization with a telomeric probe revealed signals in the terminal portions of chromosomes in all the species and an interstitial signal was observed in one pair of C. macropomum.

Cross-amplification of heterologous microsatellite markers in Rhamdia quelen and Leporinus elongatus

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Nelson Mauricio Lopera-Barrero

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Native fish species in Brazil are an asset in fish farming, but their natural stocks have been significantly reduced in recent years. To mitigate this negative impact, studies on fish conservation are being conducted and genetic tools for the discrimination of population parameters are increasingly achieving great importance. Current analysis evaluates a set of microsatellite heterologous primers in the jundiá (Rhamdia quelen and in the piapara (Leporinus elongatus. Samples from the caudal fin of 15 broodstock from each species were analyzed. DNA extraction was performed with NaCl protocol and the integrity of the extracted DNA was checked with agarose gel 1%. Twenty primers developed for Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum, Prochilodus lineatus, Brycon opalinus and Oreochromis niloticus were evaluated. Cross amplification of four primers of the B. opalinus and P. lineatus species (BoM12, Pli43 and Pli60 in R. quelen and BoM2, Pli43 and Pli60 in L. elongatus was assessed. Primers of P. mesopotamicus, C. macropomum and O. niloticus showed no cross amplification in the two species analyzed. Results revealed the possibility of using the four amplified heterologous primers in genetic studies for R. quelen and L. elongatus.

Biologia de nidificação de Anthodioctes megachiloides Holmberg (Anthidiini, Megachilidae, Apoidea Nesting biology of Anthodioctes megachiloides Holmberg (Anthidiini, Megachilidae, Apoidea

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Isabel Alves-dos-Santos

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Anthodioctes megachiloides Holmberg, 1903 é uma abelha solitária que utiliza cavidades pré-existentes para construir o ninho. Ninhos armadilhas de madeira foram instalados no jardim do Laboratório de Abelhas no campus da Universidade de São Paulo. As armadilhas consistiram de orifícios circulares de 4 a 5 mm de diâmetro, com profundidade de 5 a 7 cm. Tubos de papel foram inseridos nos orifícios de tal maneira que pudessem ser posteriormente e periodicamente inspecionados. Dados sobre a biologia, construção de ninho, comportamento da fêmea e atividade dos parasitas foram obtidas através de observações diretas durante a primavera e verão de 2001/2002. Fêmeas de A. megachiloides iniciaram atividade em meados de agosto e fundaram um total de 40 ninhos na primavera de 2001. Resina vegetal é usada para cobrir as células, construir as partições e fechamento do ninho. De 24 ninhos examinados, 18 continham imaturos mortos, indicando que a taxa de mortalidade foi alta. Uma espécie de vespa da família Sapygidae foi detectada como cleptoparasita de A. megachiloides.Anthodioctes megachiloides Holmberg 1903 is a solitary bee that uses pre-existing cavities to construct the nest. Wood trap-nests were installed on the garden of the Bee Laboratory at the University Campus in São Paulo. The traps consisted of circular holes 4 to 5 mm in diameter, drilled 5 to 7 cm deep. Rolled papers were inserted in the hole, so that the paper tube could later and periodically be inspected. Data on the biology, nest construction, female behaviour and parasites activity were gathered through direct observation during the spring and summer seasons of 2001/2002. Females of A. megachiloides began their activity in middle August and funded in total 40 nests on the spring 2001. Plant resin is used to coat the cells, construct the partitions and nest-closure. Of 24 nests examined, 18 contained dead immature, indicating that mortality was high. One species of

Evaluation of methods to estimate the essential amino acids requirements of fish from the muscle amino acid profile

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Álvaro José de Almeida Bicudo

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Many methods to estimate amino acid requirement based on amino acid profile of fish have been proposed. This study evaluates the methodology proposed by Meyer & Fracalossi (2005 and by Tacon (1989 to estimate amino acids requirement of fish, which do exempt knowledge on previous nutritional requirement of reference amino acid. Data on amino acid requirement of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, were used to validate de accuracy of those methods. Meyer & Fracalossi's and Tacon's methodology estimated the lysine requirement of pacu, respectively, at 13 and 23% above requirement determined using dose-response method. The values estimated by both methods lie within the range of requirements determined for other omnivorous fish species, the Meyer & Fracalossi (2005 method showing better accuracy.

Índices de rendimiento corporal en morocoto Piaractus brachypomus cultivado en sistemas Biofloc

OpenAIRE

Abad, Darwin; Rincón, David; Poleo, Germán

2014-01-01

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue determinar los índices de rendimiento corporal(canal, viscerosomático, hepatosomático y escamas) del morocoto Piaractus brachypomus cultivado en sistemas Biofloc. Mil trescientos juveniles de morocoto con talla promedio de 10±0,2 cm y 15±3,1 g de peso, fueron sembrados en cinco tanques circulares de 15m³ a una densidad de 17,3 organismos/m³. Los peces fueron alimentados a saciedad aparente con alimento comercial (28% PC) durante un periodo de 21...

Genetic diversity of pacu and piapara broodstocks in restocking programs in the rivers Paraná and Paranapanema (Brazil

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Nelson Mauricio Lopera-Barrero

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The genetic diversity of Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu and Leporinus elongatus (piapara broodstocks used in restocking programs in the rivers Paraná and Paranapanema is analyzed. One hundred and twenty specimens (two broodstocks of each species from fish ponds in Palotina PR Brazil and in Salto Grande SP Brazil were assessed. Ten primers produced 96 fragments, comprising 68 (70.83% and 94 (97.92% polymorphic fragments for P. mesopotamicus and L. elongatus broodstocks, respectively. Differences (p < 0.05 in the frequency of 15 and 27 fragments were detected for each species, without exclusive fragments. Shannon Index (0.347 - 0.572 and the percentage of polymorphic fragments (57.3% - 94.8% revealed high intra-population genetic variability for all broodstocks. Results of molecular variance analyses (AMOVA showed that most variations do not lie between the broodstocks but within each broodstock (89%. Genetic (0.088 and 0.142 and identity (0.916 and 0.868 distance rates demonstrated similarity between the broodstocks of each species, corroborated by Fst (0.1023 and 010.27 and Nm (4.18 and 4.33 rates, with a slight genetic difference due to genic flux. High intrapopulation genetic variability and similarity between the broodstocks of each species was also detected, proving a common ancestry.

Aterações químicas e microbiológicas em PACU (piaractus mesopotamicus armazenado sob refrigeração a 5°c

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Mauro F.F. Leitão

1997-08-01

Full Text Available A pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de analisar a vida útil e o processo de deterioração do pacu (Piaractus mesopotanicus armazenado sob refrigeração em temperatura inadequada (5°C. Amostras do pescado, imediatamente após a captura, foram armazenadas a 5°C e analisadas nos intervalos de 0-7-14 e 21 dias, com relação a características sensoriais e de natureza química (bases nitrogenadas voláteis - BNV, nitrogênio não protéico - NNP, aminoácidos livres totais, histidina livre e histamina e microbiológicos (contagem padrão, produtores de histamina em ágar Niven, contagem de microrganismos gelatinase e H2S positivos, nas temperaturas de 35°C, 20° e 5°C. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram que, a exemplo de outros peixes fluviais de regiões tropicais, o pacu revelou-se bastante resistente ao armazenamento, somente evidenciando uma alteração marcante após 14 dias de estocagem. Assim mesmo, a rejeição do pescado foi baseada principalmente em características sensoriais (odor, aspecto, textura uma vez que com relação aos índices químicos (BNV e mesmo microbiológicos, não se caracterizava uma situação definitiva de deterioração e rejeição. Observou-se, também, que o processo de deterioração pareceu concentrar-se principalmente no muco superficial, sendo que as características químicas do tecido muscular não evidenciaram alterações marcantes, mesmo após 21 dias de armazenamento. A presença de histamina não foi positivada nas amostras e os níveis de histidina livre, embora relativamente elevadas, não sugerem maiores riscos desta espécie de peixe como eventual veículo de intoxicação por histamina. No entanto, bactérias his+ foram isoladas das amostras iniciais, entre elas cepas de Plesiomonas shigelloides e Vibrio fluvialis. A microbiota contaminante natural foi reduzida, predominando microrganismos mesófilos/psicrotrófilos, com baixas contagens iniciais a 5°C. Ao longo do armazenamento a 5�

Estudio histológico del sistema digestivo en diferentes estadios de desarrollo de la cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus

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Miguel Ángel Mendoza R.

2013-06-01

Full Text Available La cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus es la segunda fuente de producción piscícola en Colombia, después de la tilapia roja (Oreochomi ssp. y antes de la trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss. Se destaca, además, como una de las especies con mayor potencial productivo en el país. Se realizó el estudio histológico del sistema digestivo de la Piaractus brachypomus a fin determinar la morfología normal en diferentes estadios de desarrollo. Para ello se clasificaron los animales según la edad, el tamaño y el peso en ovas embrionadas, larvas con saco vitelino, alevinos después de reabsorción de saco vitelino, juveniles (3-5 cm, 5-7 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm y adultos (300 g. La fijación de los tejidos se realizó en formaldehído al 3,7 % y se describió microscópicamente cavidad bucal, faringe, esófago, estómago, ciegos pilóricos, intestinos y las glándulas anexas, hígado y páncreas. Por último, se describió macroscópicamente la organización anatómica de este sistema.

Optical Observations of M81 Galaxy Group in Narrow Band [SII] and H_alpha Filters: Holmberg IX

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Arbutina, B.

2009-12-01

Full Text Available We present observations of the nearby tidal dwarf galaxy Holmberg IX in M81 galaxy group in narrow band [SII] and H$alpha$ filters, carried out in March and November 2008 with the 2m RCC telescope at NAO Rozhen, Bulgaria. Our search for resident supernova remnants (identified as sources with enhanced [SII] emission relative to their H$alpha$ emission in this galaxy yielded no sources of this kind, besides M&H 10-11 or HoIX X-1. Nevertheless, we found a number of objects with significant H$alpha$ emission that probably represent uncatalogued HII regions.

Short-term cold storage of sperm from six neotropical characiformes fishes

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Simone Marques

2004-09-01

Full Text Available Sperm of the following Neotropical Characiformes fish species were tested for cold storage: Brycon lundii, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Leporinus elongatus, Leporinus friderici, Prochilodus lineatus and Prochilodus marggravii. Each sperm sample was split into two aliquots. The first was placed into a plastic bag with air or oxygen and the second, in a plastic tube with air. The samples were maintained at temperatures between 1.7-4.9 ºC. The rate of sperm motility was estimated using a 50 mM NaCl solution as the activating solution. The shortest sperm storage duration (7 h was recorded for L. friderici, when the sperm motility rate reached ~ 30%, whereas the longest duration (20 h was obtained with the sperm of P. lineatus. A fertilisation test using Prochilodus marggravii sperm refrigerated for 8 h yielded 88-90% of viable embryos. The refrigerated storage method could be of practical applications, especially in fish reproductive management at hatchery stations.O sêmen das seguintes espécies de Characiformes neotropicais foi testado para armazenamento em ambiente resfriado: Brycon lundii, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Leporinus elongatus, Leporinus friderici, Prochilodus lineatus e Prochilodus marggravii. Amostras de sêmen, obtidas por massagem da parede celômica, foram armazenadas em saco plástico com ar ou oxigênio ou em tubo plástico com ar, e mantidas resfriadas entre 1,7-4,9º C. A taxa de motilidade espermática foi estimada usando-se NaCl 50 mM como solução ativadora. O sêmen com menor duração de viabilidade (7 h foi o de L. friderici, quando a taxa de motilidade espermática alcançou ~30%, enquanto que o de maior duração (20 h foi o de P. lineatus. A fertilização de ovócitos utilizando sêmen refrigerado por 8 h de Prochilodus marggravii produziu 88-90% de embriões viáveis. O método de armazenamento desenvolvido neste trabalho tem aplicações práticas, especialmente no manejo reprodutivo de peixes em estações de

Variação temporal e espacial de ovos e de larvas das espécies de interesse para a pesca na sub-bacia do rio Miranda, Pantanal, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v27i3.1314 Temporal and spatial variation of fish eggs and larvae of the main exploited species in the sub-basin of Miranda River, Pantanal wetland, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v27i3.1314

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Keshyiu Nakatani

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Foi analisada a variação temporal de ovos e de larvas das principais espécies exploradas no Pantanal: Piaractus mesopotamicus; Prochilodus lineatus; Salminus maxillosus; Leporinus macrocephalus e Pseudoplatystoma spp., no rio Miranda. As coletas foram realizadas nos meses de outubro a março, quinzenalmente, de 1996 a 1999. O rio foi dividido em trecho superior, médio e inferior, com 15 pontos de coleta. Foram utilizadas rede de plâncton cônico-cilindrica, com fluxômetro, e as amostras fixadas em formol 4%. Para a identificação, utilizaram-se características morfológicas e merísticas, grau de flexão da notocorda e elementos da nadadeira caudal. No primeiro período, foram capturadas 5.979 larvas e 1.075 ovos; no segundo, 108.912 larvas e 1.836 ovos; no terceiro, 13.465 larvas e 1.855 ovos. A ANOVA, entre os anos e trechos do rio, foi significativa (F= 6.5, p >0,05 no trecho médio, indicando que a reprodução ocorre do trecho médio para o superior, nos meses de novembro a janeiroThe aim of this study was to analyze temporal variation of fish eggs and larvae of the main exploited species in Miranda river, Pantanal wetland (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Prochilodus lineatus, Salminus maxillosus, Leporinus macrocephalus, and Pseudoplatystoma spp., which were collected from October to March, biweekly, from 1996 to 1999. The river was divided into superior, medium and inferior sections, of 15 collection sites. Conical-cylindrical plankton net with a fluxometer and samples fixed in formol 4% were utilized. Morphological and meristic characteristics, notochord flexion degree and caudal fin elements were utilized for identification. A total of 5,979 larvae and 1,075 eggs were collected in the first period; 108,912 larvae and 1,836 eggs in the second; 13,465 larvae and 1,855 eggs in the third. Results showed that ANOVA, between the years and the river stretches, was significant (F = 6.5, p >0.05 in the medium section, which indicates that the

Straminipilous organisms growing on herbivorous pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus and carnivorous piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri from Poland Organismos stramenophila em crescimento na herbívora pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus e na carnívora piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri da Polônia

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B. Czeczuga

2010-05-01

Full Text Available We investigated the growth of straminipilous organisms on the skin, muscles and liver of herbivorous pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus and carnivorous piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri in water of three different eutrophication levels. Sixteen straminipilous organism species were found growing on the investigated body parts of both species of fish used as baits. The higher number of species was found on the baits of carnivorous species (15 when compared with the ones from the herbivorous pirapitinga (10 species. The highest number of straminipilous organisms species developed on the skin of both species of fish. The highest number of species of straminipilous organisms was observed growing in the water of the BiaBa river (middle eutrophication, while the lowest number occurred in the baits of vessels with water from the Dojlidy pond (low eutrophication.Investigamos o crescimento de organismos stramenophila sobre a pele, músculos e fígado da herbívora pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus e da carnívora piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri em águas de três diferentes níveis de eutrofização. Dezesseis espécies de organismos stramenophila foram encontradas crescendo sobre as partes do corpo investigadas de ambas as espécies de peixes utilizadas como cobaias. O maior número de espécies foi encontrado em cobaias de espécies carnívoras (15, quando comparado com o da herbívora pirapitinga (10 espécies. A maioria das espécies de organismos stramenophila desenvolveu-se sobre a pele de ambas as espécies de peixes. O maior número de espécies de organismos stramenophila foi observado em crescimento nas águas do rio BiaBa (eutrofização do meio, enquanto o número mais baixo ocorreu em cobaias de vasos com água do lago de Dojlidy (eutrofização baixa.

Leukocytes respiratory burst activity as indicator of innate immunity of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus

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JD Biller-Takahashi

Full Text Available The present study evaluated the assay to quantify the respiratory burst activity of blood leukocytes of pacu as an indicator of the innate immune system, using the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT to formazan as a measure of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS. In order to assess the accuracy of the assay, fish were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila and sampled one week after challenge. The A. hydrophila infection increased the leukocyte respiratory burst activity. The protocol showed a reliable and easy assay, appropriate to determine the respiratory burst activity of blood leukocytes of pacu, a neotropical fish, in the present experimental conditions.

Star Formation Histories of the LEGUS Dwarf Galaxies. I. Recent History of NGC 1705, NGC 4449, and Holmberg II

Science.gov (United States)

Cignoni, M.; Sacchi, E.; Aloisi, A.; Tosi, M.; Calzetti, D.; Lee, J. C.; Sabbi, E.; Adamo, A.; Cook, D. O.; Dale, D. A.; Elmegreen, B. G.; Gallagher, J. S., III; Gouliermis, D. A.; Grasha, K.; Grebel, E. K.; Hunter, D. A.; Johnson, K. E.; Messa, M.; Smith, L. J.; Thilker, D. A.; Ubeda, L.; Whitmore, B. C.

2018-03-01

We use Hubble Space Telescope observations from the Legacy Extragalactic UV Survey to reconstruct the recent star formation histories (SFHs) of three actively star-forming dwarf galaxies, NGC 4449, Holmberg II, and NGC 1705, from their UV color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs). We apply a CMD fitting technique using two independent sets of stellar isochrones, PARSEC-COLIBRI and MIST, to assess the uncertainties related to stellar evolution modeling. Irrespective of the adopted stellar models, all three dwarfs are found to have had almost constant star formation rates (SFRs) in the last 100–200 Myr, with modest enhancements (a factor of ∼2) above the 100 Myr averaged SFR. Significant differences among the three dwarfs are found in terms of the overall SFR, the timing of the most recent peak, and the SFR/area. The initial mass function of NGC 1705 and Holmberg II is consistent with a Salpeter slope down to ≈5 M ⊙, whereas it is slightly flatter, s = ‑2.0, in NGC 4449. The SFHs derived with the two different sets of stellar models are consistent with each other, except for some quantitative details, attributable to their input assumptions. They also share the drawback that all synthetic diagrams predict a clear separation in color between the upper main-sequence and helium-burning stars, which is not apparent in the data. Since neither differential reddening, which is significant in NGC 4449, nor unresolved binaries appear to be sufficient to fill the gap, we suggest this calls for a revision of both sets of stellar evolutionary tracks. Based on observations obtained with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy under NASA Contract NAS 5-26555.

Stress responses in juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus submitted to repeated air exposure = Respostas de estresse em juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus submetidos à exposição aérea repetitiva

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Jaqueline Dalbello Biller

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Pacu juveniles (5.2 ± 1.5 g were submitted to two one-minute air exposures in a 24h interval, and sampled before the exposure (control and 5, 15, 30 and 60 min., 24 and 48h afterwards for whole-body cortisol, sodium, potassium and calcium ion concentrations. For the first air exposure, there was a trend of increased cortisol concentration after 15 min., whereas in the second air exposure, the cortisol concentration increased significantly within 5 min. after stress was induced. Sodium ion concentrationincreased significantly 24h after both air exposures. Potassium concentration presented fluctuations over the experimental period. Calcium ion concentration increased progressively from 5 to 30 min., in both air exposures. The repeated air exposures exacerbated the cortisol response, but they did not affect the recovery ability of pacu over the experimental period. Additionally, the whole-body cortisol measurement might be a reliable indicator of stress, when sampled fish are smaller and blood volumes are very low, making samples inadequate for analysis.Juvenis de pacu (5,2 ± 1,5 g foram submetidos a duas exposições aéreas de um minuto, em intervalo de 24 horas, e amostradosantes da exposição (controle e 5, 15, 30 e 60 min., 24 e 48 horas depois para análise da concentração corporal de cortisol e dos íons sódio, potássio e cálcio. Na primeira exposição, os peixes apresentaram concentrações de cortisol aumentadas a partir de 15 min., embora não diferissem estatisticamente do controle. Na segunda exposição, a concentração de cortisol aumentou significativamente aos 5 min., retornando às concentrações equivalentes às dos peixes-controle em 30 min.. A concentração do íon sódio aumentousignificativamente 24 horas depois das duas exposições aéreas. A concentração do íon potássio apresentou flutuações durante o experimento, enquanto a do cálcio apresentou-se reduzida aos 5 min, aumentando gradativamente até os 30 min., nas duas exposições. Arepetição do fenômeno estressor exacerbou a liberação de cortisol, mas não afetou a capacidade de recuperação dos peixes. A análise do cortisol tecidual pode ser considerada um indicador confiável de estresse.

Avaliação do crescimento e do custo da alimentação do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 submetido a ciclos alternados de restrição alimentar e realimentação Evaluation of the growth and feeding costs of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus submitted to alternate cycles of feeding restriction and refeeding

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Valéria Leão Souza

2003-02-01

Full Text Available Avaliaram-se os efeitos da utilização de ciclos alternados de restrição alimentar e realimentação no crescimento do pacu, durante o período de engorda, e a viabilidade desta prática na produção comercial da espécie. Juvenis foram distribuídos em três tanques e submetidos a diferentes manejos alimentares, constituindo os tratamentos: A (alimentado ad libitum, B (restrição alimentar de 4 semanas, realimentado por 9 semanas e C (6 semanas de restrição alimentar, realimentado por 7 semanas, em um total de 13 semanas por ciclo (4 ciclos experimentais. No final de cada ciclo alimentar, 20 peixes de cada tratamento foram amostrados e os dados biométricos registrados. Os valores obtidos para peso, comprimento total e fator de condição (K foram submetidos a ANOVA e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento C é o mais indicado somente para outono/inverno, promovendo maior crescimento, menor custo com ração, baixa conversão alimentar e maior receita líquida parcial. Entretanto, durante as estações mais quentes do ano (primavera/verão outros programas de alimentação devem ser testados, utilizando-se períodos mais curtos de restrição alimentar. Quando se tratou da produção anual, o tratamento A respondeu melhor em termos de biomassa produzida, apesar do maior gasto com alimentação, visto que, com o aumento da temperatura, o crescimento dos peixes dos demais tratamentos ficou prejudicado.The present study evaluated the effects of alternating food restriction and refeeding cycles on the growth of pacu, during the growout phase and the viability of this practice in the commercial production of the species. Juvenile fish were distributed in 3 tanks and submitted to different feeding strategies: group A (fed ad libitum daily, B (food restricted to 4 weeks and refed for 9 weeks and C (food restricted to 6 weeks and refed for 7 weeks totalizing 13 weeks per cycle (4 experimental cycles. At the end of each feeding cycle, 20 fish per treatment were sampled and the biometric data were registered. Values of weight, total length and condition factor (K were submitted to ANOVA and the averages were compared by Duncan test. The results showed that the treatment C presented better results only in autumn/winter periods, promoting better growth, lower cost ration, lower food conversion and better partial net income. Otherwise, during the warmer periods of the year (spring/summer other feeding strategies must be tested, utilizing shorter periods of food restriction. Regarding to the annual production, the treatment A showed higher biomass, although higher feeding costs. With the increase in the temperature, the growth of the fish from the other treatments was delayed.

Estandarización de un proceso de extracción de colágeno a partir de los residuos de fileteo de tilapia (Oreochromis sp) y cachama (Piaractus brachypomus) / Standardization of a process for extracting collagen from filleting waste from tilapia (Oreochromis sp) and cachama (Piaractus brachypomus)

OpenAIRE

Serrano Gaona, Jenifer Carolina

2011-01-01

Se estandarizó un proceso de extracción y purificación de colágeno ácido soluble a partir de pieles de tilapia (Oreochromis sp) y de cachama (Piaractus brachypomus) utilizando análisis estadísticos. Los resultados indicaron que el rendimiento de colágeno ácido soluble fue de 33,3% en base seca. El patrón de alto peso molecular utilizado para SDS – PAGE reveló que el colágeno obtenido de pieles de tilapia o de pieles de cachama es colágeno tipo I. La temperatura de desnaturalización (Td) del c...

Hematological and morphometric blood value of four cultured species of economically important tropical foodfish

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Genoefa Amália Dal'Bó

Full Text Available The use and validation of fish health monitoring tools have become increasingly evident due to aquaculture expansion. This study investigated the hematology and blood morphometrics of Piaractus mesopotamicus, Brycon orbignyanus, Oreochromis niloticus and Rhamdia quelen. The fish were kept for 30 days in 300-liter aquariums, after which they were anesthetized with benzocaine and blood was collected from caudal vessels. In comparison to other species, B. orbignyanus presented the highest hematocrit (Ht, RBC averages and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV with a particular range of data. B. orbignyanus presented lower Ht, Hb, RBC averages and values, and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC. Oreochromis niloticus presented lower Ht, Hb, RBC averages and values, and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC. Rhamdia quelen and O. niloticus presented higher variation of White Blood Cells (WBC, neutrophils (Nf, lymphocytes (Lf, monocytes (Mf and thrombocytes (Trb. Data of large axes (LA, minor axes (MA, surface (SF and volume (VL are in the same variance range. This study has demonstrated that hematological variances can occur between animals of different species as well as of the same species.

Análisis proximal, evaluación microbiológica y sensorial de carnes para hamburguesas elaboradas con cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) y soya (Glycine max) texturizada

OpenAIRE

Oscar García; Iria Acevedo; Jorge Ruiz Ramírez

2013-01-01

La cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) es una especie económicamente importante en la acuicultura continental de América Latina y una alternativa nacional de producción de pescado para la piscicultura, la industria y el consumo. El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue caracterizar mediante análisis proximal, evaluación microbiológica y sensorial, carnes para hamburguesas elaboradas con pulpa de cachama y diferentes inclusiones porcentuales de harina de soya texturizada (HST) ...

Ingestão de ração e comportamento de larvas de pacu em resposta a estímulos químicos e visuais Diet ingestion rate and pacu larvae behavior in response to chemical and visual stimuli

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Marcelo Borges Tesser

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar a influência dos estímulos visual e/ou químico de náuplios de Artemia e de dieta microencapsulada sobre a taxa de ingestão da dieta microencapusulada por larvas de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus. Utilizou-se um esquema fatorial 7 x 4 (estímulos e idades com duas repetições. Verificou-se efeito da idade das larvas e dos estímulos, mas não houve efeito para a interação idade ´ estímulos. O estímulo químico da Artemia e ambos os estímulos da Artemia resultaram em maior taxa de ingestão de dieta inerte. Resultado intermediário foi obtido com o estímulo visual da dieta microencapsulada. O estímulo químico, em comparação ao estímulo visual da Artemia, resultou em maiores taxas de ingestão da dieta. Com o aumento da idade, houve incremento na taxa de ingestão. Os estímulos visual e químico dos náuplios e o estímulo visual da ração aumentaram a ingestão de dieta inerte por larvas de pacu. Náuplios de Artemia devem ser oferecidos antes do fornecimento da dieta inerte, pois podem auxiliar no processo de transição alimentar. Os resultados deste trabalho apontaram novas possibilidades de estudos com larvas de peixes neotropicais visando a substituição precoce do alimento vivo para o inerte.The effect of visual, chemical and the combination of both stimuli from Artemia nauplii and from microencapsulated diet on dry diet ingestion by pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus larvae was evaluated in this research. The experiment was analyzed as a 7 x 4 factorial arrangement (seven stimuli and four ages with two replicates. It was observed effect of larvae age and stimuli, but no interaction (age ´ stimuli was observed. The chemical effect from Artemia and both effects from Artemia resulted in higher ingestion rates. An intermediary result was obtained with visual effect from microencapsulated diet. The chemical stimulus from Artemia resulted in higher ingestion rates than that

Atividades de coleta e origem floral do pólen armazenado em colônias de Plebeia saiqui (Holmberg (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae no sul do Brasil Collection activities and floral origin of the stored pollcn in colonies of Plebeia saiqui (Holmberg (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae in south Brazil

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Raquel A. Pick

2002-03-01

Full Text Available Four colonies of Plebeia saiqui (Holmberg, 1903, of São Francisco de Paula, were studied during the period from October/1998 to October/1999. The counting of the bees was proceeded monthly, differentiated workers that came back with and without pollen in the corbicula. Grains of pollen of pots previously marked were collected monthly and identified. The percentage of the pollen types of the samples was estimated: 20% of Asteraceae, 17% Myrtaceae, 15% type Meliaceae and 10% Euphorbiaceae. The remaining corresponds to other pollen types of small representation, besides those the were no identified. The climatic influence on the pollen collection was analyzed being used simple and multiple regressions. It was verified that in the spring and in the summer the temperature, the solar irradiation and relative humidity were significant for the pollen foraging. During autumn and winter the relative humidity had smaller influence in the pollen collection.

Gastrointestinal transit of extruded or pelletized diets in pacu fed distinct inclusion levels of lipid and carbohydrate

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Claucia Aparecida Honorato

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of pelletized or extruded diets, with different levels of carbohydrate and lipid, on the gastrointestinal transit time (GITT and its modulation in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus. One hundred and eighty pacu juveniles were fed with eight isonitrogenous diets containing two carbohydrate levels (40 and 50% and two lipid levels (4 and 8%. Four diets were pelletized and four were extruded. Carbohydrate and lipid experimental levels caused no changes to the bolus transit time. However, the bolus permanence time was related to diet processing. Fish fed pelletized diets exhibited the highest gastrointestinal transit time. Regression analysis of bolus behavior for pelletized and extruded diets with 4% lipid depicted different fits. GITT regression analysis of fish fed 8% lipid was fitted to a cubic equation and displayed adjustments of food permanence, with enhanced utilization of the diets, either with extruded or pelletized diets. GITT of fish fed extruded diets with 4% lipid was adjusted to a linear equation. The GITT of pacu depends on the diet processing and is affected by dietary levels of lipid and carbohydrate.

Copper sulfate acute ecotoxicity and environmental risk for tropical fish

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Adilson Ferreira da Silva

2014-10-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to estimate copper sulfate acute toxicity and to determine death percentage and environmental risk on guppy fish (Phallocerus caudimaculatus, zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio, mato grosso (Hyphessobrycon eques, and pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fish were exposed to 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10, and 0.30 mg L-1 (guppy, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10, and 0.30 mg L-1 (zebrafish, 0.07, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 mg L-1 (mato grosso and 9.5, 10.0, 10.5, 11.0, 11.5, and 12.0 mg L-1 (pacu of copper sulfate, with triplicate control. The estimated 50% average lethal concentrations (LC50; 96 hours were 0.05 (guppy, 0.13 (zebrafish; 0.16 (mato grosso and 10.36 mg L-1 (pacu. Copper sulfate was extremely toxic for guppy, highly toxic for zebrafish and mato grosso and lightly toxic for pacu and presents environmental risk of high adverse effects on the guppy, zebrafish and mato grosso and moderate adverse effect to the pacu. Therefore, the guppy fish, zebrafish, and mato grosso are important alternatives for copper sulfate toxicity evaluation in waterbodies.

Parasitic fauna in hybrid tambacu from fish farms

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Ronilson Macedo Silva

2013-08-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to evaluate the parasitic fauna of hybrid tambacu (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus from fish farms and the host-parasite relationship. A hundred and fourteen fish were collected from four fish farms in Macapá, in the state of Amapá, Brazil, 80.7% of which were infected by: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora; Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida; Anacanthorus spatulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis, and Mymarothecium viatorum (Monogenoidea; Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Acanthocephala; Cucullanus colossomi (Nematoda; Perulernaea gamitanae (Lernaeidae; and Proteocephalidae larvae (Cestoda. A total of 8,136,252 parasites were collected from the examined fish. This is the first record of N. buttnerae, C. colossomi, N. janauachensis, M. viatorum, and Proteocephalidae for hybrid tambacu in Brazil. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was the most prevalent parasite, whereas endohelminths were the less. A positive correlation was observed between number of I. multifiliis and total length and weight of fish, as well as between number of P. gamitanae and total length. The infection by I. multifiliis had association with the parasitism by Monogenoidea. Low water quality contributes to high parasitism of hybrid tambacu by ectoparasites, which, however, does not influence the relative condition factor of fish.

Piscinoodinium pillulare (Schäperclaus, 1954 Lom, 1981 (Dinoflagellida infection in cultivated freshwater fish from the Northeast region of São Paulo State, Brazil: parasitological and pathological aspects

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M. L. MARTINS

Full Text Available The Aquaculture Center of Unesp, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, received fishes for diagnosis from fish farmers reporting fish crowding at pond edges and in water inlets. Fifty-three out of 194 cases showed round to oval, immobile whitish structures, measuring up to 162 mm diameter, identified as the dinoflagellate Piscinoodinium pillulare. In 34 diagnosed cases the parasites were present in the gills, in 2 on body surface, and 9 in both. Thirty-one out of 53 were tambacu hybrids hosts; 7, Piaractus mesopotamicus; 6, Colossoma macropomum; 5, Leporinus macrocephalus; 3, Oreochromis niloticus; and 1, Prochilodus lineatus. Fish showed increased mucous production on body surface and gills, while ecchymosis in the caudal peduncle and operculum was present. The gills also showed paleness, congestion, and petechiae. Histopathology presented a great number of trophonts situated between secondary lamellae, fixed to or detached from the epithelium. Primary lamellae presented interstitial hemorrhages, severe hyperplasia of the epithelium, goblet cells, and mononuclear infiltrates. The present work is the first report of P. pillulare in Brazil and emphasizes the importance of this dinoflagellate which caused significant economic losses from 1995 through 1997.

Pesque-solte: pesca repetitiva, variáveis hematológicas e parasitismo no peixe híbrido tambacu

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Daniela Nomura Varandas

2013-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta hematológica e parasitológica de tambacus (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus submetidos ao estresse de captura e a diferentes densidades de estocagem, em sistema de pesque-solte. Foram utilizados 210 peixes com peso médio inicial de 785,33±152,02 g e comprimento total médio de 34,43±2,21 cm, mantidos em viveiros escavados e divididos em três grupos: sem pesca e baixa densidade (G1, com pesca e baixa densidade (G2, e com pesca e alta densidade (G3. Não houve diferença significativa entre os valores médios da concentração de hemoglobina, do número de eritrócitos, da contagem diferencial de leucócitos e da glicose. Os peixes do grupo G3 apresentaram número maior de parasitos e trombócitos, e menor ganho de peso e hematócrito. A atividade de pesque-solte, aliada à alta densidade de estocagem, pode prejudicar o equilíbrio orgânico e o desempenho zootécnico, o que favorece a parasitose.

Assessment of elimination profile of albendazole residues in fish.

Science.gov (United States)

Busatto, Zenaís; de França, Welliton Gonçalves; Cyrino, José Eurico Possebon; Paschoal, Jonas Augusto Rizzato

2018-01-01

Few drugs are specifically regulated for aquaculture. Thus this study considered albendazole (ABZ) as a potential drug for use in fish, which, however, is not yet regulated for this application. ABZ is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic approved for farmed ruminants and recently considered for treatment of fish parasites. It is the subject of careful monitoring because of potential residues in animal products. This study evaluated the depletion of ABZ and its main known metabolites: albendazole sulfoxide - ABZSO, albendazole sulfone - ABZSO 2 and albendazole amino sulfone - ABZ-2-NH 2 SO 2 , in the fillets of the Neotropical Characin pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, which were fed diets containing 10 mg ABZ kg -1 body weight in a single dose. Fish were euthanised at 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after medication and the depletion profiles of ABZ, each metabolite and the sum of all marker residues were assessed and evaluated taking into account methodological variations regarding determination of the maximum residue limits adopted by different international regulating agencies for estimation of the withdrawal period (WP). The estimated WPs ranged from 2 to 7 days.

Efeito do ambiente pós-transporte na recuperação dos indicadores de estresse de pacus juvenis, Piaractus mesopotamicus = Effect of post-transport environment on the stress indicators recovery of pacu juveniles , Piaractus mesopotamicus

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Leonardo Susumu Takahashi

2006-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a recuperação das respostas fisiológicas de estresse após transporte de pacus em diferentes condições de es tocagem. Após transporte por 2h30min, os peixes foram transferidos para tanque de terra ou para caixas de polietileno em laboratório. Houve significativa redução dos valores de cortisol observados na chegada 24 horas depois, nas duas condições de estocagem , enquanto a concentração de glicose caiu significativamente 72 horas depois nos peixes estocados no tanque de t 1erra e 120 horas nos peixes estocados no laboratório. A osmolalidade, sódio, potássio e cloreto suger em um retorno à homeostase durante o perío do de recuperação, principalmente nos peixes no tanque de terra. Os parâmetros hematológicos, sem efeito da condição de estocagem, não se caracterizaram indicadores sensíveis. Após o transporte, uma prática de manejo que causa estresse em peixes, o retorno às condições normais foi favorecido quando os pacus foram estocados em tanque de terra.The aim of this work was to evaluate the recovery of physiological stress responses after the transport of pacu juveniles in different stocking conditions. After being transported for 2 h30min, fish were transferred to earthen ponds or indoor polyethylene boxes. There was a significant reduction of cortisol values registered at fish arrival , 24 hours after, in both stocking conditions . The glucose concentration reduced significantly 72 hours after in fish stocked in earthen ponds , and 120 hours in fish stocked indoor. Osmolality, sodium, potassium and chloride behavior suggested the re-establishment of the homeostasis during the recovery period, mainly in fish kept in the earthen ponds. Concerning the hematological parameters, only hemoglobin concentration reduced significantly in the recovery period , without effect of stockingcondition, which does not characterize feasible indicators. After transport, a management procedure that causes stress in fish, the recovery of the basal condition was fa vored when pacu were stocked in earthen ponds.

Physicochemical Evaluation of Cachama Fillets (Piaractus brachypomus Preserved with Propolis during Storage / Evaluación Fisicoquímica de Filetes de Cachama (Piaractus brachypomus Preservados con Propóleos durante el Almacenamiento

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Héctor Suárez Mahecha

2014-03-01

Full Text Available The bioactive compounds that propolis containspresent diverse components that can diminish the deterioration of compounds such as fat and certain microorganisms that can affect fish fillets during refrigerated storage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preserving capacity of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP in cachama fish fillets (Piaractus brachypomus. The treatments carried out were: (1 ethyl alcohol (96% as the control; (2 0.8% EEP; (3 1.2% EEP; and (4 liquid smoke. Analyses were carried out for total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN, thiobarbituric acid reactive species-TBARS, pH and water loss for 0, 8, 16 and 24 days of storage at 4 ºC with vacuum packaging. The results presented the highest values of the TBARS and TVBNanalyses for the liquid smoke treatment and the lowest values for the EEP treatments, demonstrating a significant difference between the treatments (P<0.05; however, the best water retention capacity was seen in the fillets treated with liquid smoke. The results for pH did not present significant differences between the treatments (P>0.05 during the storage period. The results suggest that EEP can preserve physicochemical characteristics during the shelf life of refrigerated, vacuum packed cachama fillets. / Los compuestos bioactivos contenidos en propóleos presentan diversos componentes, que pueden disminuir el deterioro de compuestos como la grasa, y la cantidad de ciertos microorganismos, que pueden afectar filetes de pescado durante el almacenamiento bajo refrigeración. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad conservante de extractos etanólicos de propóleos (EEP sobre filetes del pescado cachama (Piaractus brachypomus. Los tratamientos realizados fueron: (1 alcohol etílico (96% como control; (2 EEP 0,8%; (3 EEP 1,2% y (4 humo líquido. Fueron realizados análisis para bases volátiles totales (BVTN, especies reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico-TBARS, pH y pérdida de agua

Caracterização da piscicultura na região do Vale do Ribeira - SP Characterization of fish farming in the Ribeira Valley region - SP

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Daniela Castellani

2005-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho buscou caracterizar a piscicultura na Região do Vale do Ribeira quanto aos sistemas de manejo. Estudaram-se quarenta e duas pisciculturas sendo que, destas, 36 praticam o sistema semi-intensivo e seis o sistema intensivo, com os seguintes objetivos: engorda de peixes, produção de alevinos e pesque-pagues. Foram listadas 41 espécies de peixes cultivadas. Apenas 6 espécies são nativas da Bacia do Rio Ribeira de Iguape: lambari (Astyanax sp Linneaus, 1758, traíra (Hoplias malabaricus Bloch, 1794, robalo (Centropomus ssp Cuvier e Valenciennes, 1928, jundiá (Rhamdia quelen Quoy e Gaimard, 1824, cascudo (Hypostomus sp Marschall, 1873 e cará (Geophagus brasiliensis Quoy e Gaimard, 1824. Em 95% das pisciculturas foram verificadas fugas de peixes exóticos e alóctones dos cultivos. A tilápia nilótica (Oreochromis niloticus Linneaus, 1758 foi a espécie mais freqüente em escapes, e também é a segunda mais cultivada pelos piscicultores, perdendo somente para o pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Halmberg, 1887. Foi possível verificar mediante o cálculo da conversão alimentar, que há um desperdício anual de cerca de 32% da ração utilizada nos cultivos pesquisados. A piscicultura encontra-se em plena expansão nesta região, e já representa a atividade agropecuária mais importante após a bananicultura.The aim of this work was to characterize the fish farming in the Ribeira de Iguape Basin, southern São Paulo State (Brazil, in relation to the management systems. Forty two farms were studied. A semi-intensive system is used by 36 farmers, while an intensive system is used only by 6 studied farmers. Their objectives were raising fish, juvenile fish production and sportive fishery. Forty one fish species were found to be cultivated, but only six were native species from Ribeira Valley: lambari (Astyanax sp Linneaus, 1758, traíra (Hoplias malabaricus Bloch, 1794, robalo (Centropomus ssp Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1928, jundi

Microbiological water quality and gill histopathology of fish from fish farming in Itapecuru-Mirim County, Maranhão State=Qualidade microbiológica da água e histopatologia de brânquias de peixes provenientes de pisciculturas do município de Itapecuru-Mirim, Estado do Maranhão

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Flávio Ruas de Moraes

2012-04-01

Full Text Available The present study evaluated the microbiological water quality and tissue lesions in gills from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus and hybrid tambacu (Colossoma macropomum female x Piaractus mesopotamicus male. For this, water and gills were collected from fish farming at six locations in Itapecuru-Mirim County, Maranhão State. Microbiological water analyses revealed contamination by total coliforms, Escherichia coli and heterotrophic bacteria. In the gills, we observed a diversity of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The tissue lesions were: lamellar fusion, interlamellar hyperplasia, sub-epithelial edema and telangiectasia. Inflammatory lesions were not observed. Significant statistical difference (p > 0.05 was not detected when comparing different gills lesions during rainy and dry season. The correlation between lesion and pond type was statistically different (p Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da água e as alterações teciduais em brânquias de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus e do híbrido tambacu (Colossoma macropomum fêmea x Piaractus mesopotamicus macho, coletou-se água de pisciculturas e brânquias de peixes de seis localidades do município de Itapecuru-Mirim, Estado do Maranhão. O exame microbiológico da água revelou poluição por coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e bactérias heterotróficas. Nas brânquias, observou-se uma variedade de bactérias Gram-positivas e negativas. As alterações teciduais observadas foram fusão de lamelas, hiperplasia interlamelar, edema subepitelial e telangiectasia, não sendo observadas lesões inflamatórias. Não houve diferença estatística (p > 0,05 quando se comparou diferentes tipos de lesões branquiais com os períodos de chuva ou de seca. A correlação de lesões e tipos de tanque demonstrou diferença estatística (p < 0,05 para fusão de lamelas e hiperplasia interlamelar que ocorreram com maior frequência em viveiro de terra. Quanto �

OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE HOLMBERG IX X-1 AND ITS STELLAR ENVIRONMENT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grise, F.; Kaaret, P.; Pakull, M. W.; Motch, C.

2011-01-01

Holmberg IX X-1 is an archetypal ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX). Here we study the properties of the optical counterpart and of its stellar environment using optical data from SUBARU/Faint Object Camera and Spectrograph, GEMINI/GMOS-N and Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Advanced Camera for Surveys, as well as simultaneous Chandra X-ray data. The V ∼ 22.6 spectroscopically identified optical counterpart is part of a loose cluster with an age ∼ sun . The counterpart is more luminous than the other stars of the association, suggesting a non-negligible optical contribution from the accretion disk. An observed UV excess also points to non-stellar light similar to X-ray active low-mass X-ray binaries. A broad He II λ4686 emission line identified in the optical spectrum of the ULX further suggests optical light from X-ray reprocessing in the accretion disk. Using stellar evolutionary tracks, we have constrained the mass of the counterpart to be ∼> 10 M sun , even if the accretion disk contributes significantly to the optical luminosity. Comparison of the photometric properties of the counterpart with binary models show that the donor may be more massive, ∼> 25 M sun , with the ULX system likely undergoing case AB mass transfer. Finally, the counterpart exhibits photometric variability of 0.14 mag between two HST observations separated by 50 days which could be due to ellipsoidal variations and/or disk reprocessing of variable X-ray emission.

Estudos para Composição de uma Dieta Referência Semipurificada para Avaliação de Exigências Nutricionais em Juvenis de Pirapitinga, Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818

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Vásquez-Torres Wálter

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Foram realizados dois experimentos com o objetivo de definir uma dieta referência para estudos de exigências nutricionais em Piaractus brachypomus. No primeiro experimento, foram testadas quatro dietas com ingredientes semipurificados (H-440 com 47% PB, C-102 com 41% PB, NRC com 37% PB e IALL-1 com 32% de PB e uma dieta controle (32% de PB com ingredientes comuns. No segundo experimento, foi usada a dieta IALL-1, como base para a formulação de três dietas experimentais. A dieta 2 foi suplementada com vitamina C e uma pré-mistura de macrominerais, enquanto na dieta 3 o óleo vegetal foi substituído por óleo de peixe. O ganho de peso foi usado como critério básico para medir os efeitos das dietas, sendo também considerados consumo de alimento, taxa específica de crescimento (SGR, conversão alimentar aparente (FCR, eficiência de utilização da proteína (PER e retenção de proteína (%PPV e de energia (%RE. Entre as dietas semipurificadas, o melhor desempenho de crescimento e de utilização dos nutrientes foi observado para as dietas NRC e IALL-1, que não diferiram entre si. No segundo experimento, o grupo de peixes alimentados com a dieta 2 apresentou crescimento 42% maior que o observado com as dietas sem suplementação. As outras variáveis analisadas, FCR, SGR, PER e %PPV, também foram significativamente melhoradas. Os resultados em conjunto indicam que a dieta IALL-1 suplementada com macrominerais e vitamina C pode ser considerada adequada como dieta referência semipurificada para estudos de nutrição de Piaractus brachypomus.

LBT Discovery of a Yellow Supergiant Eclipsing Binary in the Dwarf Galaxy Holmberg IX

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Prieto, J. L.; Stanek, K. Z.; Kochanek, C. S.; Weisz, D. R.; Baruffolo, A.; Bechtold, J.; Burwitz, V.; De Santis, C.; Gallozzi, S.; Garnavich, P. M.; Giallongo, E.; Hill, J. M.; Pogge, R. W.; Ragazzoni, R.; Speziali, R.; Thompson, D. J.; Wagner, R. M.

2008-01-01

In a variability survey of M81 using the Large Binocular Telescope we have discovered a peculiar eclipsing binary (MV ~ - 7.1) in the field of the dwarf galaxy Holmberg IX. It has a period of 271 days, and the light curve is well fit by an overcontact model in which both stars are overflowing their Roche lobes. It is composed of two yellow supergiants (V - Isimeq 1 mag, Teffsimeq 4800 K), rather than the far more common red or blue supergiants. Such systems must be rare. While we failed to find any similar systems in the literature, we did, however, note a second example. The SMC F0 supergiant R47 is a bright (MV ~ - 7.5) periodic variable whose All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS) light curve is well fit as a contact binary with a 181 day period. We propose that these systems are the progenitors of supernovae like SN 2004et and SN 2006ov, which appeared to have yellow progenitors. The binary interactions (mass transfer, mass loss) limit the size of the supergiant to give it a higher surface temperature than an isolated star at the same core evolutionary stage. We also discuss the possibility of this variable being a long-period Cepheid. Based on data acquired using the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). The LBT is an international collaboration among institutions in the United States, Italy and Germany. LBT Corporation partners are The University of Arizona on behalf of the Arizona university system; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Italy; LBT Beteiligungsgesellschaft, Germany, representing the Max-Planck Society, the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, and Heidelberg University; The Ohio State University, and The Research Corporation, on behalf of The University of Notre Dame, University of Minnesota, and University of Virginia.

Substituição de alimento vivo por alimento inerte na larvicultura intensiva do tambacu (♀ Colossoma macropomum X ♂ Piaractus mesopotamicus = Replacement of live food for inert food on larviculture of tambacu (♀ Colossoma macropomum X ♂ Piaractus mesopotamicus

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Danieli Cuzini Lombardi

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Com este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a substituição de náuplios de Artemia salina por alimentos inertes durante a larvicultura do tambacu. Na primeira fase, com duração de 12 dias, as larvas foram alimentadas com: náuplio de Artemia salina, cyclop-eeze e ovo de Artemia salina. Na segunda fase, com duração de dez dias, foram utilizadas larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina provenientes da primeira fase e testados os mesmos três alimentos. A qualidade da água manteve-se em condições adequadas para alarvicultura nas duas fases. As larvas da primeira fase alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina obtiveram os melhores resultados em crescimento, sobrevivência e desempenho produtivo. Na segunda fase, o crescimento, a sobrevivência e o desempenho produtivo das larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina e ovo de Artemia salina foram semelhantes. Nas duas fases, o custo com alimento foi mais baixo nas larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina. Os resultados obtidos mostram que nas duas fases de larvicultura testadas a oferta de náuplios de Artemia salina é a melhor estratégia alimentar por proporcionar boa sobrevivência, crescimento e bom desempenho produtivo, além de menor custo.The aim of this work was to evaluate the replacement of Artemia salina nauplii by inert food during larviculture of tambacu. On the first phase with duration of 12 days, the larvae were fed with one of the following foods: Artemia salina nauplii, cyclop-eeze or Artemia salina egg. On the second phase, with 10 days of duration, larvae fed with Artemia salina nauplii were utilized in the first experiment and the same food treatments were tested. Water quality was adequate forlarvae rearing in both phases. The larvae from the first phase that fed with Artemia salina nauplii presented better growth, survival rate and yield. On the second phase, the growth, survival and yield of larvae fed with Artemia salina nauplii and eggs were similar. On both phases, the food cost was lower for larvae fed with Artemia salina nauplii. The obtained results shown that on the two rearing phases the use of Artemia salina nauplii is the better feeding strategies, as the survival, growth, yield were greater than in the others treatments, and also showed the lower cost.

Out-of-season sperm cryopreserved in different media of the Amazonian freshwater fish pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus).

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Nascimento, A F; Maria, A N; Pessoa, N O; Carvalho, M A M; Viveiros, A T M

2010-04-01

The pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus) is a freshwater fish that inhabits the Amazon and Orinoco River basins. The use of cryopreserved sperm has been considered to facilitate procedures during the artificial reproduction. The aim of the present study was to develop a freezing protocol for pirapitinga sperm collected outside the spawning season. Sperm samples were diluted in four freezing media prepared by a combination of two extenders (glucose and BTS-Beltsville Thawing Solution) and two cryoprotectant agents (DMSO and methylglycol) loaded into 0.5-mL straws, frozen in a nitrogen-vapor shipping dewar (dry-shipper) and stored in liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees C. Post-thaw sperm motility was evaluated both subjectively using a light microscope and by a computer-assisted sperm analyzer (CASA). Curvilinear, average path and straight-line velocities were also determined. There were no differences (P>0.05) in post-thaw sperm motility between evaluations performed subjectively and using the CASA. Sperm samples cryopreserved in glucose-methylglycol yielded the greatest post-thaw sperm motility (81%) and fastest sperm velocities when compared to the samples frozen in the other three media (Partificial reproduction procedures, as only females will need handling for hormonal induction and gamete collection during the spawning season. Although the CASA system provides precise data on sperm motility, the subjective evaluation is practical and can be conducted by well-trained personnel at commercial fish farms as an acceptable evaluation of sperm quality. Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fontes e níveis de proteína bruta em dietas para alevinos de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus

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Fernandes João Batista Kochenborger

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Foi conduzido um experimento, com 100 dias duração, utilizando-se 288 alevinos de pacu, distribuídos em 36 caixas de cimento amianto com volume de 100 litros, para avaliar a substituição da farinha de peixe por farelo de soja e os níveis protéicos nas dietas. Durante o período experimental, a temperatura média da água permaneceu em 28ºC e os demais parâmetros limnológicos (oxigênio dissolvido, pH, alcalinidade e condutividade apresentaram-se dentro dos níveis adequados para o desenvolvimento desta espécie. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, em que foram avaliados nove tratamentos em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, três níveis de proteína bruta (22, 26 e 30% e três níveis de substituição da farinha de peixe pelo farelo de soja (0, 50 e 100%. O nível de 26% de proteína bruta foi mais adequado. A farinha de peixe pode ser substituída parcial ou totalmente pelo farelo de soja, sem influir no ganho de peso, na conversão alimentar, na taxa de crescimento específico e na taxa de eficiência protéica dos alevinos. A substituição das fontes protéicas também não influenciou a composição corporal dos peixes, a eficiência de retenção de nitrogênio, o nitrogênio corporal, a gordura corporal e o nitrogênio e a gordura no ganho de peso.

Diversidade genética de pacu utilizado em programas de repovoamento nos rios Tietê e Grande, Brasil

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Ricardo Pereira Ribeiro

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Piaractus mesopotamicus é um peixe tropical que nos últimos anos tem apresentado uma diminuição no número de populações naturais. Programas de repovoamento vêm sendo utilizados como método de conservação, entretanto, o monitoramento genético das populações e dos estoques de reprodutores é importante para conferir a viabilidade desse tipo de programas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar de forma inédita a diversidade genética de populações selvagens (WPs e estoques de reprodutores (BSs de P. mesopotamicus utilizados em programas de repovoamento dos rios Tietê e Grande, através de marcadores microssatélite. Seis loci microssatélite foram amplificados usando DNA extraído de nadadeira caudal de 279 indivíduos adultos. Foi observada alta variabilidade genética intra-populacional, com medias de heterozigosidade observada entre 0.203 e 0.833. O número de alelos por locus foi de três (locus Pme28 e Pme32 a 13 (locus Pme4, Pme5 e Pme14 e houve diferenciação de alelos entre WPsxWPs e WPsxBSs. Essa diferenciação foi confirmada pela análise do dendrograma que mostrou a formação de três agrupamentos específicos. Observaram-se quatro alelos compartilhados entre WPs2012xBSs. Valores positivos de FIS mostraram a presença de endogamia em sete das 10 coletas realizadas nas WPs. A análise de AMOVA e do FST indicou moderada e muito alta diferenciação genética entre WPsxWPs e diferenciação genética muito alta em WPsxBSs. Esses resultados foram confirmados pelos valores de distância e identidade genética e pelo número de migrantes. Os resultados demonstraram uma adequada variabilidade genética intra-populacional, similaridade entre BSsxBSs e diferenciação genética entre WPs2011xWPs2012 e WPsxBSs. Observou-se parcialmente a presença de indivíduos oriundos do programa de repovoamento no ambiente natural.

Stress responses in juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus submitted to repeated air exposure - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i1.3618 Stress responses in juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus submitted to repeated air exposure - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i1.3618

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Leonardo Susumu Takahashi

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Juvenis de pacu (5,2 Pacu juveniles (5.2 ± 1.5 g were submitted to two one-minute air exposures in a 24 h interval, and sampled before the exposure (control and 5, 15, 30 and 60 min, 24 and 48 h afterwards for whole-body cortisol, sodium, potassium and calcium ion concentrations. For the first air exposure, there was a trend of increased cortisol concentration after 15 min, whereas in the second air exposure, the cortisol concentration increased significantly within 5 min after stress was induced. Sodium ion concentration increased significantly 24 h after both air exposures. Potassium concentration presented fluctuations over the experimental period. Calcium ion concentration increased progressively from 5 to 30 min, in both air exposures. The repeated air exposures exacerbated the cortisol response, but they did not affect the recovery ability of pacu over the experimental period. Additionally, the whole-body cortisol measurement might be a reliable indicator of stress, when sampled fish are smaller and blood volumes are very low, making samples inadequate for analysis1,5 g foram submetidos a duas exposições aéreas de um minuto, em intervalo de 24 horas, e amostrados antes da exposição (controle e 5, 15, 30 e 60 min, 24 e 48 horas depois para análise da concentração corporal de cortisol e dos íons sódio, potássio e cálcio. Na primeira exposição, os peixes apresentaram concentrações de cortisol aumentadas a partir de 15 min, embora não diferissem estatisticamente do controle. Na segunda exposição, a concentração de cortisol aumentou significativamente aos 5 min, retornando às concentrações equivalentes às dos peixes-controle em 30 min. A concentração do íon sódio aumentou significativamente 24 horas depois das duas exposições aéreas. A concentração do íon potássio apresentou flutuações durante o experimento, enquanto a do cálcio apresentou-se reduzida aos 5 min, aumentando gradativamente até os 30 min, nas duas exposições. A repetição do fenômeno estressor exacerbou a liberação de cortisol, mas não afetou a capacidade de recuperação dos peixes. A análise do cortisol tecidual pode ser considerada um indicador confiável de estresse.Pacu juveniles (5.2 ± 1.5 g were submitted to two one-minute air exposures in a 24 h interval, and sampled before the exposure (control and 5, 15, 30 and 60 min, 24 and 48 h afterwards for whole-body cortisol, sodium, potassium and calcium ion concentrations. For the first air exposure, there was a trend of increased cortisol concentration after 15 min, whereas in the second air exposure, the cortisol concentration increased significantly within 5 min after stress was induced. Sodium ion concentration increased significantly 24 h after both air exposures. Potassium concentration presented fluctuations over the experimental period. Calcium ion concentration increased progressively from 5 to 30 min, in both air exposures. The repeated air exposures exacerbated the cortisol response, but they did not affect the recovery ability of pacu over the experimental period. Additionally, the whole-body cortisol measurement might be a reliable indicator of stress, when sampled fish are smaller and blood volumes are very low, making samples inadequate for analysis

Proposed method for agglutinating antibody titer analysis and its use as indicator of acquired immunity in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus

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JD Biller-Takahashi

Full Text Available Antibody can be assessed by agglutinating antibody titer which is a quantitative measure of circulating antibodies in serum from fish previously immunized. The antibody evaluation has been performed with different fish species, and is considered a reliable method that can be applied to confirm several hypothesis regarding acquired immunity, even in conjunction with precise methods to describe immune mechanisms. In order to provide appropriate analytical methods for future studies on the specific immune system of native fish, the present study standardized on assay to measure the serum agglutinating antibody titer produced after immunization with inactivated A. hydrophila and levamisole administration in pacu. It was possible to determine the agglutinating antibodies titer in a satisfactorily way in pacu immunized with inactive A. hydrophila, and the highest titers were observed on fish fed with levamisole.

Effect of Aloe vera extract on the improvement of the respiratory activity of leukocytes of matrinxã during the transport stress

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Fábio Sabbadin Zanuzzo

2012-10-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the effect of extract of Aloe vera in the transport water of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus fish on stress response and leukocyte respiratory activity. Fish was transported for 4 h in water containing Aloe at levels 0; 0.02; 0.2 and 2 mg/L, and sampled before transport 2, 4, 24 and 96 h after for determination of plasma glucose and respiratory activity of leukocytes. An additional in vitro assay was conducted with another fish species, pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, to test the respiratory burst of leukocytes exposed to Aloe extract (0.0, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS only at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mg/L. Plasma glucose increased after 2 and 4 h of transport and returned to control levels within 24 h, but the addition of Aloe in the transport water did not affect the level of blood glucose. However, at 2 h of transport, Aloe enhanced the respiratory activity of leukocytes in a dose-dependent way. The highest value of respiratory burst activity of leukocytes was observed in the fish transported in water containing Aloe at 2 mg/L. The enhancing effect of the plant extract on the production of oxygen radicals was confirmed in vitro in leukocytes of pacu incubated in Aloe at concentrations 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L. The results suggest that Aloe vera is a modulator of the immune system in fish improving the innate immune response tested.

Validación del Protocolo de Reproducción de Colossoma macropomum, Piaractus brachypomus y Prochilodus nigricans en Condiciones Controladas

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Lorgio Verdi Olivares

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Protocolos aplicados a las diferentes etapas de la reproducción  inducida: tratamiento hormonal, incubación, manejo de larvas, y manejo de alevines en los peces de consumo humano Colossoma macropomum (gamitana, Piaractus brachypomus (paco y Prochilodus nigricans (boquichico fueron evaluados en el marco del proyecto UNAP “Cátedra CONCYTEC en Acuicultura Tropical” con el propósito de establecer los adecuados procedimientos en la búsqueda de una óptima productividad acuícola y una mejor rentabilidad económica en Loreto. Con este objetivo se utilizaron como inductores: para gamitana, Pituitaria de Carpa con dosis total de 6,0 mg/kg en hembras y 2,0 mg/kg en machos; Para machos y hembras de paco, Conceptal en dosis total de 2,6 ml/kg en hembras y 1,0 ml/kg en machos; y para boquichico, Pituitaria de Carpa con dosis total de 4,0 mg/kg en hembras y 2,0 mg/kg en machos. El desove se produjo en 11±2 horas; la eclosión ocurre después de 22 horas a partir de la fecundación, con tasas promedios superiores al 70% y tasas de sobrevivencia, aún cundo por debajo del 50%, garantiza una alta producción de alevines.

Validación del Protocolo de Reproducción de Colossoma macropomum, Piaractus brachypomus y Prochilodus nigricans en Condiciones Controladas

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Lorgio Verdi-Olivares

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Protocolos aplicados a las diferentes etapas de la reproducción  inducida: tratamiento hormonal, incubación, manejo de larvas, y manejo de alevines en los peces de consumo humano Colossoma macropomum (gamitana, Piaractus brachypomus (paco y Prochilodus nigricans (boquichico fueron evaluados en el marco del proyecto UNAP “Cátedra CONCYTEC en Acuicultura Tropical” con el propósito de establecer los adecuados procedimientos en la búsqueda de una óptima productividad acuícola y una mejor rentabilidad económica en Loreto. Con este objetivo se utilizaron como inductores: para gamitana, Pituitaria de Carpa con dosis total de 6,0 mg/kg en hembras y 2,0 mg/kg en machos; Para machos y hembras de paco, Conceptal en dosis total de 2,6 ml/kg en hembras y 1,0 ml/kg en machos; y para boquichico, Pituitaria de Carpa con dosis total de 4,0 mg/kg en hembras y 2,0 mg/kg en machos. El desove se produjo en 11±2 horas; la eclosión ocurre después de 22 horas a partir de la fecundación, con  tasas promedios superiores al 70% y tasas de sobrevivencia, aún cundo por debajo del 50%, garantiza una alta producción de alevines.

Parásitos de alevinos de gamitana (Colossoma macropomum y paco (Piaractus brachypomus cultivados en el C.I. Quistococha, Loreto, Perú

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Fernando Alcántara Bocanegra

2015-06-01

Full Text Available En acuicultura, los peces son susceptibles al ataque de virus, bacterias, hongos y ectoparásitos. Estos organismos se tornan en un serio problema cuando los peces se encuentran con bajas defensas naturales, se crían en altas densidades y/o se altera drásticamente la calidad de agua. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar la fauna de parásitos presentes en alevinos de paco (Piaractus brachypomus y gamitana (Colossoma macropomum provenientes de estanques del Centro de Investigación Quistococha del IIAP. Un total de 30 ejemplares de cada especie fueron examinados a través de la preparación de frotis fresco de branquias, piel, aletas y tubo digestivo. Entre las dos especies estudiadas, gamitana demostró una mayor prevalencia de infestación, mayor intensidad de parásitos y mayor índice de infestación parasitaria. Los alevinos de paco mostraron una mayor resistencia a la propagación y al ataque de parásitos. Se identificaron monogeneos de las familias Dactylogyridae y Gyrodactylidae, solo en gamitana, mientras que el protozoo ciliado Trichodina se halló exclusivamente en paco. Los parásitos identificados no causaron ninguna mortalidad en los peces.

SLOWLY ROTATING GAS-RICH GALAXIES IN MODIFIED NEWTONIAN DYNAMICS (MOND)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sánchez-Salcedo, F. J.; Martínez-García, E. E.; Hidalgo-Gámez, A. M.

2013-01-01

We have carried out a search for gas-rich dwarf galaxies that have lower rotation velocities in their outskirts than MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) predicts, so that the amplitude of their rotation curves cannot be fitted by arbitrarily increasing the mass-to-light ratio of the stellar component or by assuming additional undetected matter. With presently available data, the gas-rich galaxies UGC 4173, Holmberg II, ESO 245-G05, NGC 4861, and ESO 364-G029 deviate most from MOND predictions and, thereby, provide a sample of promising targets in testing the MOND framework. In the case of Holmberg II and NGC 4861, we find that their rotation curves are probably inconsistent with MOND, unless their inclinations and distances differ significantly from the nominal ones. The galaxy ESO 364-G029 is a promising target because its baryonic mass and rotation curve are similar to Holmberg II but presents a higher inclination. Deeper photometric and H I observations of ESO 364-G029, together with further decreasing systematic uncertainties, may provide a strong test to MOND.

Star-Mapping Tools Enable Tracking of Endangered Animals

Science.gov (United States)

2009-01-01

Software programmer Jason Holmberg of Portland, Oregon, partnered with a Goddard Space Flight Center astrophysicist to develop a method for tracking the elusive whale shark using the unique spot patterns on the fish s skin. Employing a star-mapping algorithm originally designed for the Hubble Space Telescope, Holmberg created the Shepherd Project, a photograph database and pattern-matching system that can identify whale sharks by their spots and match images contributed to the database by photographers from around the world. The system has been adapted for tracking other rare and endangered animals, including polar bears and ocean sunfish.

Efeito do ambiente pós-transporte na recuperação dos indicadores de estresse de pacus juvenis, Piaractus mesopotamicus - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v28i4.610 Effect of post-transport environment on the stress indicators recovery of pacu juveniles , Piaractus mesopotamicus - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v28i4.610

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Jaqueline Dalbello Biller

2006-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a recuperação das respostas fisiológicas de estresse após transporte de pacus em diferentes condições de es tocagem. Após transporte por 2h30min, os peixes foram transferidos para tanque de terra ou para caixas de polietileno em laboratório. Houve significativa redução dos valores de cortisol observados na chegada 24 horas depois, nas duas condições de estocagem , enquanto a concentração de glicose caiu significativamente 72 horas depois nos peixes estocados no tanque de t 1erra e 120 horas nos peixes estocados no laboratório. A osmolalidade, sódio, potássio e cloreto suger em um retorno à homeostase durante o perío do de recuperação, principalmente nos peixes no tanque de terra. Os parâmetros hematológicos, sem efeito da condição de estocagem, não se caracterizaram indicadores sensíveis. Após o transporte, uma prática de manejo que causa estresse em peixes, o retorno às condições normais foi favorecido quando os pacus foram estocados em tanque de terra.The aim of this work was to evaluate the recovery of physiological stress responses after the transport of pacu juveniles in different stocking conditions. After being transported for 2 h30min, fish were transferred to earthen ponds or indoor polyethylene boxes. There was a significant reduction of cortisol values registered at fish arrival , 24 hours after, in both stocking conditions . The glucose concentration reduced significantly 72 hours after in fish stocked in earthen ponds , and 120 hours in fish stocked indoor. Osmolality, sodium, potassium and chloride behavior suggested the re-establishment of the homeostasis during the recovery period, mainly in fish kept in the earthen ponds. Concerning the hematological parameters, only hemoglobin concentration reduced significantly in the recovery period , without effect of stocking condition, which does not characterize feasible indicators. After transport, a management procedure that causes stress in fish, the recovery of the basal condition was fa vored when pacu were stocked in earthen ponds.

EVALUACIÓN DE NUEVA TECNOLOGÍA PARA MITIGAR LAS ESPINAS INTRAMUSCULARES EN FILETES DE CACHAMA Piaractus brachypomus (Pisces: Characidae EVALUATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGY TO MITIGATE INTRAMUSCULAR THORNS IN CACHAMA FILLETS

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Héctor Suárez Mahecha

2009-06-01

Full Text Available La presencia de espinas intramusculares en filetes de cachama dificulta la comercializacion y demanda por parte de los consumidores. Hasta el momento no existen tecnologías que permitan ofrecer filetes de cachama que garanticen condiciones de seguridad frente a las espinas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar una nueva tecnología para mitigar la presencia de espinas en filetes de cachama Piaractus brachypomus empacados al vacío y almacenados durante 30 días a 3±0,5 °C. A filetes en presentación lateral interna fueron realizados cortes profundos, paralelos y perpendiculares al eje longitudinal, a una distancia de 3 mm entre cada corte, en sentido dorso-ventral. Fueron realizados análisis microbiológico, fisicoquímico y sensorial. El análisis microbiológico muestra condiciones aceptables para el final del periodo de almacenamiento. Los valores obtenidos para este periodo, fueron de log UFC/g 7,07; 4,7 y 1100 NMP, 18 NMP para organismos psicrotrofilos, mesófilos, coliformes totales y coliformes fecales, respectivamente. No fue determinada presencia de Salmonella ni de organismos sulfito reductores. El análisis fisicoquímico mostró valores de 39,36 para BVT-N; 6,22 pH; 3,3% de pérdida de humedad 1,52; ácido tiobarbitúrico mg MA/kg. El efecto del sajado no incrementó los valores de oxidación de ácidos grasos, ni aumentó las BVT que pudiesen indicar degradación de la proteína. En el análisis sensorial los filetes sometidos a cocción fueron rechazados solamente a partir del día 25 del periodo de almacenamiento, para los atributos aroma y sabor. Durante la evaluación los panelistas no encontraron presencia de espinas, mostrando que la temperatura de cocción utilizada y los cortes en las espinas, permiten degradar la espina intramuscular evitando que sea detectada.The presence of pin bones in cachama fillets makes marketing and demand difficult by the consumers. So far, there are no technologies to provide cachama

Análisis proximal, evaluación microbiológica y sensorial de carnes para hamburguesas elaboradas con cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus y soya (Glycine max texturizada

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Oscar García

2013-12-01

Full Text Available La cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus es una especie económicamente importante en la acuicultura continental de América Latina y una alternativa nacional de producción de pescado para la piscicultura, la industria y el consumo. El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue caracterizar mediante análisis proximal, evaluación microbiológica y sensorial, carnes para hamburguesas elaboradas con pulpa de cachama y diferentes inclusiones porcentuales de harina de soya texturizada (HST (0, 3, 6 y 9 %. Se realizó análisis proximal a las carnes crudas y cocidas, se evaluó microbiológicamente a las crudas y sensorialmente las cocidas con 100 consumidores. En las carnes para hamburguesas a mayor adición de HST favoreció la retención de agua durante la cocción y se elevó el contenido de proteína, grasa y cenizas en las carnes crudas y cocidas (p < 0,05. El análisis microbiológico reveló inocuidad alimentaria en las carnes para hamburguesas crudas, encontrándose todos los valores por debajo de lo establecido en la norma venezolana COVENIN 2127-1998 para hamburguesa y otras normas de referencia. La blandura aumentó de manera proporcional al incremento porcentual en la inclusión de HST y las formulaciones con 0, 3 y 6 % de HST se diferenciaron significativamente (p < 0,05 de la formulación con 9 %. La apariencia de las carnes de hamburguesa agradó más en las formulaciones 6 y 9 %, la blandura en 9 %, y el sabor en el control (0 %, seguido de 3 %. Algunos consumidores hicieron asociaciones de sabor a carne de pollo, mariscos y hervidos de pollo.

Substituição de alimento vivo por alimento inerte na larvicultura intensiva do tambacu (♀ Colossoma macropomum X ♂ Piaractus mesopotamicus - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i4.3835 Replacement of live food for inert food on larviculture of tambacu (♀ Colossoma macropomum X ♂ Piaractus mesopotamicus - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i4.3835

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Levy de Carvalho Gomes

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Com este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a substituição de náuplios de Artemia salina por alimentos inertes durante a larvicultura do tambacu. Na primeira fase, com duração de 12 dias, as larvas foram alimentadas com: náuplio de Artemia salina, cyclop-eeze e ovo de Artemia salina. Na segunda fase, com duração de dez dias, foram utilizadas larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina provenientes da primeira fase e testados os mesmos três alimentos. A qualidade da água manteve-se em condições adequadas para a larvicultura nas duas fases. As larvas da primeira fase alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina obtiveram os melhores resultados em crescimento, sobrevivência e desempenho produtivo. Na segunda fase, o crescimento, a sobrevivência e o desempenho produtivo das larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina e ovo de Artemia salina foram semelhantes. Nas duas fases, o custo com alimento foi mais baixo nas larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina. Os resultados obtidos mostram que nas duas fases de larvicultura testadas a oferta de náuplios de Artemia salina é a melhor estratégia alimentar por proporcionar boa sobrevivência, crescimento e bom desempenho produtivo, além de menor custo.The aim of this work was to evaluate the replacement of Artemia salina nauplii by inert food during larviculture of tambacu. On the first phase with duration of 12 days, the larvae were fed with one of the following foods: Artemia salina nauplii, cyclop-eeze or Artemia salina egg. On the second phase, with 10 days of duration, larvae fed with Artemia salina nauplii were utilized in the first experiment and the same food treatments were tested. Water quality was adequate for larvae rearing in both phases. The larvae from the first phase that fed with Artemia salina nauplii presented better growth, survival rate and yield. On the second phase, the growth, survival and yield of larvae fed with Artemia salina nauplii and eggs were similar. On both phases, the food cost was lower for larvae fed with Artemia salina nauplii. The obtained results shown that on the two rearing phases the use of Artemia salina nauplii is the better feeding strategies, as the survival, growth, yield were greater than in the others treatments, and also showed the lower cost.

Importance of dam-free stretches for fish reproduction: the last remnant in the Upper Paraná River

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Jislaine Cristina Silva

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Aim: This study uses the abundance of fish eggs and larvae to evaluate the importance of the main channel of the Paraná River and the adjacent areas of the floodplain, in the last dam-free stretch in the Brazilian territory, for the spawning and development of fish of different reproductive guilds, in order to obtain subsidies to assist in the management and conservation policies of this area, focusing on the maintenance of dam-free areas. Methods Data were taken quarterly from August 2013 to May 2015, in 25 sites, grouped into three biotopes: main channel, tributaries and lagoons. Possible spatial variations in fish spawning and development as well as composition and structure of larvae were evaluated. Results Higher densities of eggs were found in tributaries (Paracaí and Amambai rivers and greater densities of larvae were observed in lagoons (Saraiva. Significant differences in composition and structure of larvae were detected only between sampling stations. As for taxonomic composition, 29 taxa were recorded, mostly non-migratory. However, long-distance migratory were also widely distributed, such as Brycon orbignyanus, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Prochilodus lineatus, Piaractus mesopotamicus and Rhaphiodon vulpinus, as well as invasive species Platanichthys platana and Hemiodus orthonops. In turn, Salminus brasiliensis presented low occurrence. Conclusions This study evidenced that different species spawn in the region, mainly in tributaries, and their eggs and larvae are transported to the main channel of the Paraná River and adjacent lagoons, to complete their early development. The capture of larvae of important migratory species suggests that this environment still exhibits suitable conditions for their reproduction, mainly due to the presence of dam-free tributaries. Also, they emphasize the importance of the integrity of these environments for the maintenance of the regional fish fauna, and it is extremely important the

Evaluación del tiempo de evacuación gástrica de la cachama blanca Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818, utilizando diferentes frecuencias de alimentación y ayuno

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José Ader Gómez-Peñaranda

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudio estima el tiempo de vaciado del estómago de la cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus en el día de comienzo regular de alimentación posterior a un periodo de ayuno. Para el efecto, se recolectaron muestras de contenido estomacal en periodos de dos horas después del suministro de alimento (9:30 y 15:30 h hasta el primer indicio de vaciado. Se utilizaron cachamas con un peso de 360 ± 12 g dispuestas en cuatro tratamientos: (1 T1 = alimentación a saciedad durante 5 días y ayuno de 2 días, (2 T2 = alimentación a saciedad durante 6 días y ayuno de 1 día, (3 T3 = alimentación a saciedad durante 7 días, y (4 TC = alimentación siguiendo las tablas recomendadas por el fabricante del alimento. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante ANOVA de medidas repetidas, empleando como factores el tratamiento y el tiempo de vaciado, siendo cada repetición la unidad experimental. Las cachamas del tratamiento T1 presentaron mayor cantidad de alimento en el estómago en los muestreos posteriores al suministro de la primera y segunda ración. A diferencia del tratamiento T1, en los demás las cachamas vaciaron su contenido en el estómago en el periodo comprendido entre la primera y la segunda ración de alimentación y en el periodo posterior a la segunda ración. Por tanto, cuando el contenido estomacal fue mayor, debido a un mayor consumo de alimento en la ración, como en el caso del tratamiento (T1, el tiempo necesario para vaciar el estómago de las cachamas se incrementó.

Henning Witte : Estonia-film tuleb / Villem Valme

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Valme, Villem, 1977-

2000-01-01

Kavandatavast katastrooffilmist "Baltic Storm", mis on ajendatud väidetest, et "Estonia" uppus maffiavandenõu tõttu. Stsenaristideks on Juta Rabe, Henning Witte ja Kaj Holmberg. Ka : Nädal nr. 47, lk. 5

Jutta Rabe teeb Estonia hukust uue filmi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2002-01-01

Eile alustas Saksa ajakirjanik Jutta Rabe oma filmi "Baltic Storm" võtetega, mis kujutab parvlaev "Estonia" hukku venelaste vandenõu tulemusena. Peale Rabe on stsenaristid veel saksa advokaat Henning Witte ja rootslane Kaj Holmberg

Galaxy Mission Completes Four Star-Studded Years in Space

Science.gov (United States)

2007-01-01

NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer is celebrating its fourth year in space with some of M81's 'hottest' stars. In a new ultraviolet image, the magnificent M81 spiral galaxy is shown at the center. The orbiting observatory spies the galaxy's 'sizzling young starlets' as wisps of bluish-white swirling around a central golden glow. The tints of gold at M81's center come from a 'senior citizen' population of smoldering stars. 'This is a spectacular view of M81,' says Dr. John Huchra, of the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Mass. 'When we proposed to observe this galaxy with GALEX we hoped to see globular clusters, open clusters, and young stars...this view is everything that we were hoping for.' The image is one of thousands gathered so far by GALEX, which launched April 28, 2003. This mission uses ultraviolet wavelengths to measure the history of star formation 80 percent of the way back to the Big Bang. The large fluffy bluish-white material to the left of M81 is a neighboring galaxy called Holmberg IX. This galaxy is practically invisible to the naked human eye. However, it is illuminated brilliantly in GALEX's wide ultraviolet eyes. Its ultraviolet colors show that it is actively forming young stars. The bluish-white fuzz in the space surrounding M81 and Holmberg IX is new star formation triggered by gravitational interactions between the two galaxies. Huchra notes that the active star formation in Holmberg IX is a surprise, and says that more research needs to be done in light of the new findings from GALEX. 'Some astronomers suspect that the galaxy Holmberg IX is the result of a galactic interaction between M81 and another neighboring galaxy M82,' says Huchra. 'This particular galaxy is especially important because there are a lot of galaxies like Holmberg IX around our Milky Way galaxy. By understanding how Holmberg IX came to be, we hope to understand how all the little galaxies surrounding the Milky Way developed.' 'Four years after GALEX

Estonia hukk jõuab suvel kinodesse / Tarmo Michelson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Michelson, Tarmo, 1975-

2002-01-01

Nädal tagasi alustati Berliinis poliitilise põnevusfilmi "Baltic Storm" võtetega, mis kujutab parvlaev "Estonia" hukku venelaste vandenõu tulemusena. Produtsendid on Jutta Rabe ja Kaj Holmberg, režissöör Reuben Leder, peaosades Greta Scacchi ja Jürgen Prochnow

Jutta Rabe esitles filmi Estoniast / Heiki Suurkask

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Suurkask, Heiki, 1972-

2002-01-01

Saksamaal demonstreeriti esimesi kaadreid poliitilisest põnevusfilmist "Balti torm" ("Baltic Storm"), mis kujutab parvlaev "Estonia" hukku venelaste vandenõu tulemusena. Produtsendid on Jutta Rabe ja Kaj Holmberg, peaosades Greta Scacchi ja Jürgen Prochnow. Kaasa teeb ka Donald Sutherland USA kindrali rollis

Chromosome complement and meiosis of Holmbergiana weyenberghii (Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae: Gagrellinae from Argentina Complemento cromosómico y meiosis de Holmbergiana weyenberghii (Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae: Gagrellinae de Argentina

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Sergio G. Rodríguez Gil

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The cytogenetical analysis of the harvestman Holmbergiana weyenberghii (Holmberg (Eupnoi, Sclerosomatidae, Gagrellinae from Argentina is reported for the first time. The complement of males is composed of 18 chromosomes. In meiosis there are nine homomorphic bivalents: one large, five medium-sized and three small. The chromosome number of H. weyenberghii is within the range of diploid numbers of the subfamily Gagrellinae Thorell, which shows the lowest chromosome numbers among the sclerosomatids.Se analiza citogenéticamente, por primera vez, una especie de opilión proveniente de Argentina: Holmbergiana weyenberghii (Holmberg (Eupnoi, Sclerosomatidae, Gagrellinae. Los machos tienen un complemento cromosómico compuesto por 18 cromosomas. En meiosis, hay nueve bivalentes homomórficos: uno mayor, cinco medianos y tres menores. El número cromosómico de H. weyenberghii se encuentra dentro del rango de números diploides de los Gagrellinae Thorell; esta subfamilia presenta los números cromosómicos más bajos de Sclerosomatidae.

75 FR 71444 - Renewal of Charter for the Advisory Committee on Blood Safety and Availability

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-23

... FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jerry Holmberg, PhD; Senior Advisor for Blood Policy and Executive Secretary... provides advice and guidance to the Secretary, through the Assistant Secretary for Health, on a range of... advice and guidance includes, but is not limited to: (1) Definition of public health parameters around...

Visitantes florales diurnos del girasol (Helianthus annuus, Asterales: Asteraceae en la Argentina Diurnal floral visitors of sunflower (Helianthus annuus, Asterales: Asteraceae in Argentina

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Juan P. Torretta

2010-06-01

Full Text Available El girasol (Helianthus annuus L. es un importante cultivo oleaginoso en la Argentina. Durante tres campañas agrícolas, se determinaron la diversidad y la abundancia del elenco de los visitantes florales diurnos de capítulos de girasol, en ocho sitios que cubren gran parte del área cultivada en Argentina. Setenta y seis morfo-especies de visitantes florales, pertenecientes a ocho órdenes, fueron capturados sobre capítulos de este cultivo. El principal orden fue Hymenoptera, con 37 especies o morfoespecies, de las cuales 32 fueron abejas (Apoidea. Las familias de abejas más representadas fueron Apidae (13, Megachilidae (11 y Halictidae (7. La abeja doméstica (Apis mellifera L. realizó el 93% de las visitas. La composición del elenco de visitantes no mostró un patrón de variación identificable a lo largo del día, ni con respecto a la distancia al borde del cultivo, pero varió entre sitios de muestreo. Se concluye que la abeja doméstica es el principal polinizador del girasol en la Argentina, aunque varias especies nativas de abejas (Melissodes tintinnans (Holmberg, M. rufithorax Brèthes, Melissoptila tandilensis Holmberg, y Megachile spp. podrían ser consideradas como potenciales polinizadores del cultivo.Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. is an important oilseed crop in Argentina. During three agricultural years, the diversity and abundance of diurnal floral visitors of sunflower heads were determined in eight sites spanning much of this crop's cultivation area in Argentina. Seventysix morpho-species of floral visitors, belonging to eight orders, were captured on sunflower. The principal order was Hymenoptera, with 37 species or morpho-species, of which 32 were bees (Apoidea. The most represented bee families were Apidae (13, Megachilidae (11 and Halictidae (7. The domestic bee (Apis mellifera L. accounted for 93% of the visits. Floral visitor composition did not show an identifiable variation pattern either throughout the day or

Identity formation in the New Testament | Cromhout | HTS ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Abstract. This article is a review of the book entitled Identity Formation in the New Testament (edited by Bengt Holmberg and Mikael Winninge, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, 2008). It is a collection of various articles using intertextuality, literary theory (and social identity approaches), gender studies and postcolonial theory when ...

Estonia huku filmi eesmärk : alustada tuleb uut uurimist / Tarmo Michelson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Michelson, Tarmo, 1975-

2002-01-01

Saksamaa toimuvad poliitilise põnevusfilmi "Baltic Storm" võtted. Film mis kujutab parvlaev "Estonia" hukku venelaste vandenõu tulemusena. Produtsendid on Jutta Rabe ja Kaj Holmberg, režissöör Reuben Leder, peaosades Greta Scacchi ja Jürgen Prochnow. Filmivõtetest räägib assistent Helje Kaskel

Vandenõu Läänemerel / Katrin Laur

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Laur, Katrin

2003-01-01

Saksamaal esilinastus poliitiline põnevusfilm "Balti torm" ("Baltic Storm"), mis kujutab parvlaev "Estonia" hukku venelaste vandenõu tulemusena. Produtsendid on Jutta Rabe, Kaj Holmberg ja Birgit Stein, režissöör ja üks stsenariste Reuben Leder, peaosades Greta Scacchi ja Jürgen Prochnow. Filmi vaieldavast konteptsioonist ja vastukajadest

Saksa press käsitleb Estonia huku filmi blufina

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2003-01-01

Saksamaal esilinastus poliitiline põnevusfilm "Balti torm" ("Baltic Storm"), mis kujutab parvlaev "Estonia" hukku venelaste vandenõu tulemusena. Produtsendid on Jutta Rabe, Kaj Holmberg ja Birgit Stein, režissöör ja üks stsenariste Reuben Leder. Filmi vaieldavast konteptsioonist ja vastukajadest Saksa ajakirjanduses. Ka Eesti suursaadiku Riina Kionka arvamus

USE OF CONCRETE TANKS AS A PATTERN FOR RESEARCH WITH AQUATIC ANIMALS ESTUDO DE UMA SÉRIE DE TANQUES DE ALVENARIA COMO MODELO PARA CONDUÇÃO DE EXPERIMENTOS COM ORGANISMOS AQUÁTICOS

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Delma Machado Cantisani Pádua

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

Water quality determines the success or failure of fish researches. A series of rectangular concrete tanks covered with nylon nets were evaluated as a pattern for conduction essay with aquatic animals, when environment conditions must be the same. Physical and chemical characteristics of water were observed. The tanks were populated with ten juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus which were fed ad libitum twice a day. The experiment was carried out between November and February 1992/1993. In the middle of experiment five fishes were slaughtered in order to keep the biomass adequate until the end (87 days. Unsuitable limnologic conditions were detected in the lower waterflow tanks. The increased biomass and decreased waterflow were related to increased mortality and diseases. This kind of serial tanks building allows homogeneous environmental conditions and the waterflow was the parameter which must be carefully monitored.

KEY-WORDS: Tanks; water quality; fish.

Avaliou-se uma série de tanques de alvenaria, cobertos com tela de nylon, como modelo para ensaios com animais aquáticos, em que são exigidas igualdades das condições ambientais. Foram observados alguns parâmetros físicos e químicos da água. Os tanques foram povoados com dez juvenis de pacu, e a ração fornecida ad libitum duas vezes ao dia. O experimento foi conduzido entre novembro e fevereiro de 1992/1993. Na metade do experimento cinco peixes foram retirados para se manter a biomassa adequada até o final, aos 87 dias. Condições limnológicas inadequadas foram observadas nos tanques com menor taxa de renovação de água. O aumento da biomassa e o decréscimo da circulação de água foram relacionados com o aumento da mortalidade e doenças. Este

Uurida või mitte uurida, selles on küsimus ... / Heli Müristaja

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Müristaja, Heli

2011-01-01

MTÜ Eesti Turismihariduse Liidu 25.-26. mail toimunud turismiettevõtjate, -õpetajate ja -õppurite ühisseminarist, kus arutati , millist rolli kannavad uuringud kvaliteetsete ja jätkusuutlike turismitoodete ja -teenuste arendamisel. Välisesinejateks olid Tony Harrison Glasgow Caledonia Ülikooli Moffat Centre for Travel & Tourism Business Development vanemkonsultant Šotimaalt ja Soomest Eva Holmberg ning Kaija Lindroth Haaga-Kelia Porvoo üksusest

When Left Means Right: An Explanation of the Left Cradling Bias in Terms of Right Hemisphere Specializations

Science.gov (United States)

Bourne, Victoria J.; Todd, Brenda K.

2004-01-01

Previous research has indicated that 70-85% of women and girls show a bias to hold infants, or dolls, to the left side of their body. This bias is not matched in males (e.g. deChateau, Holmberg & Winberg, 1978; Todd, 1995). This study tests an explanation of cradling preferences in terms of hemispheric specialization for the perception of facial…

Estonia hukk jõuab Eesti kinodesse sügisel / Tiit Tuumalu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tuumalu, Tiit, 1971-

2003-01-01

Saksamaal peatselt esilinastuv poliitiline põnevusfilm "Balti torm" ("Baltic Storm"), mis kujutab parvlaev "Estonia" hukku venelaste vandenõu tulemusena, jõuab Eestis siinse levitaja Mati Seppingu sõnul linale novembri alul. Produtsendid on Jutta Rabe ja Kaj Holmberg, peaosades Greta Scacchi ja Jürgen Prochnow. Kaasa teeb ka Donald Sutherland USA kindrali rollis. Eesti näitlejaist on kapten Arvo Kallase rollis Rein Oja

Amélioration de la gouvernance du secteur piscicole dans le bassin ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

depuis l'introduction du paiche (Arapaima gigas). La deuxième se trouvait dans le sud-est du bassin, où l'on fait l'élevage d'espèces indigènes comme le tambaqui. (Piaractus brachypomus). Premières incidences. Émergence de leaders locaux par recherche-action. L'un des principaux résultats fut de réunir les pêcheurs.

CCD photometry of Cepheid sequences in four nearby galaxies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Metcalfe, N.; Shanks, T.

1991-01-01

We present Isaac Newton Telescope B and V CCD observations of deep photometric sequences in the vicinity of Cepheid variable stars in three nearby galaxies - M31, M33 and NGC 2403. We have also checked the photometry of the brightest stars in M81 and its dwarf companion, Holmberg IX. We use our data, combined with other recent results, to re-analyse the Cepheid distances to these galaxies. (author)

Effects of Mixtures on Liquid and Solid Fragment Size Distributions

Science.gov (United States)

2016-05-01

bins, too few size bins, fixed bin widths, or inadequately- varying bin widths. Overpopulated bins – which typically occur for smaller fragments...2010 C. V. B. Cunningham, The Kuz-Ram Fragmentation Model – 20 Years On, In R. Holmberg et. al., Editors, Proceedings of the 3 rd World ...1992 P. K. Sahoo and T. Riedel, Mean Value Theorems and Functional Equations, World Scientific, 1998 K. A. Sallam, C. Aalburg, G.M. Faeth

Uudised

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2007-01-01

Helilooja Ilkka Kuusisto kammerooperist Soome presidendist Risto Rytist "Vabaduse vang" (lavastaja Kalle Holmberg, esietendub 1. juulil Huittises). Instrumentaalse kuulamis- ja tantsumuusikaga kogumikplaadist "Audio" plaadifirmalt Legendaarne Records. Rockansambli Ultima Thule 20. tegutsemisaastat tähistavastest kontsertidest 26. veebr. Vene Draamateatris, 27. veebr. Jõhvi Kontserdimajas, 28. veebr. Vanemuise väikses majas ja 2. märtsil Tallinna klubis Rock Café. Briti popduo Pet Shop Boys'i kontserdist maailmaturnee "Fundamental" raames 2. mail Tallinnas Saku Suurhallis

Visitantes florales diurnos del girasol (Helianthus annuus, Asterales: Asteraceae en la Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan P. TORRETTA

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El girasol ( Helianthus annuus L. es un importante cultivo oleaginoso en la Argentina. Durante tres campañas agrícolas, se determinaron la diversidad y la abundancia del elenco de los visitantes florales diurnos de capítulos de girasol, en ocho sitios que cubren gran parte del área cultivada en Argentina. Setenta y seis morfo-especies de visitantes florales, pertenecientes a ocho órdenes, fueron capturados sobre capítulos de este cultivo. El principal orden fue Hymenoptera, con 37 especies o morfo- especies, de las cuales 32 fueron abejas (Apoidea. Las familias de abejas más representadas fueron Apidae (13, Megachilidae (11 y Halictidae (7. La abeja doméstica ( Apis mellifera L. realizó el 93% de las visitas. La composición del elenco de visitantes no mostró un patrón de variación identificable a lo largo del día, ni con respecto a la distancia al borde del cultivo, pero varió entre sitios de muestreo. Se concluye que la abeja doméstica es el principal polinizador del girasol en la Argentina, aunque varias especies nativas de abejas ( Melissodes tintinnans (Holmberg, M. rufithorax Brèthes, Melissoptila tandilensis Holmberg, y Megachile spp. podrían ser consideradas como potenciales polinizadores del cultivo.

Wine fraud

OpenAIRE

Holmberg, Lars

2010-01-01

Lars HolmbergFaculty of Law, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkAbstract: Wine fraud may take several forms, of which two are discussed here: consumption fraud aimed at the wine market in general, and collector fraud aimed at the very top of the wine market. Examples of wine fraud past and present are given, and a suggestion about the extent of contemporary consumer fraud in Europe is provided. Technological possibilities for future detection and prevention of both forms of wine fra...

Bioacumulacion y biomagnificacion de mercurio en diferentes poblaciones de peces de la Amazonía boliviana

OpenAIRE

Lopez Siangas, E.I.

2005-01-01

La bioacumulación de mercurio respecto al tamaño, peso y edad, así como la influencia de aspectos biológicos como la alimentación, el crecimiento, la madurez sexual y el sexo, fueron determinadas en seis especies de peces piscívoros y no piscívoros de importancia regional: #Cichla monoculus# (Tucunaré), #Pygocentrus nattereri# (Piraña), #Psedoplatystoma fasciatum# (Surubí), #Plagioscion squamossisimus# (Corvina), #Colosoma macropomum# (Pacú) y #Piaractus brachypomus# (Tambaquí), en las cuenca...

Estonia hukk jõuab kinolinale / Anari Koppel

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Koppel, Anari

2003-01-01

Saksamaal esilinastub 2. oktoobril poliitiline põnevusfilm "Balti torm" ("Baltic Storm"), mis kujutab parvlaev "Estonia" hukku venelaste vandenõu tulemusena. Film jõuab Eestis linale novembri alul. Produtsendid on Jutta Rabe ja Kaj Holmberg, režissöör ja üks stsenariste Reuben Leder, peaosades Greta Scacchi ja Jürgen Prochnow. Kaasa teeb ka Donald Sutherland USA kindrali rollis. Eesti näitlejaist teevad kaasa Rein Oja ja väikeses rollis Urmas Alenderi lesk Helje Kaskel. Kõlab ka U. Alenderi laul

Chromosome complement and meiosis of Holmbergiana weyenberghii (Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae: Gagrellinae from Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio G. Rodríguez Gil

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se analiza citogenéticamente, por primera vez, una especie de opilión proveniente de Argentina: Holmbergiana weyenberghii (Holmberg (Eupnoi, Sclerosomatidae, Gagrellinae. Los machos tienen un complemento cromosómico compuesto por 18 cromosomas. En meiosis, hay nueve bivalentes homomórficos: uno mayor, cinco medianos y tres menores. El número cromosómico de H. weyenberghii se encuentra dentro del rango de números diploides de los Gagrellinae Thorell; esta subfamilia presenta los números cromosómicos más bajos de Sclerosomatidae.

Wine fraud

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lars Holmberg

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Lars HolmbergFaculty of Law, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkAbstract: Wine fraud may take several forms, of which two are discussed here: consumption fraud aimed at the wine market in general, and collector fraud aimed at the very top of the wine market. Examples of wine fraud past and present are given, and a suggestion about the extent of contemporary consumer fraud in Europe is provided. Technological possibilities for future detection and prevention of both forms of wine fraud are discussed.Keywords: adulteration, counterfeit, detection

Optimización de un método analítico para la determinación de mercurio en muestras ambientales por espectrometría UV-Visible

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xiomara Piña

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Dithizone´s colorimetric method was modified and quasi miniaturized for mercury determination in water and Lemna minor and Piaractus brachypomus tissue. Detection limit (4-22µg.L-1 was adequate for environmental studies. Evaluation of the accuracy in water was achieved by analyzing SPEX CERTIPREP standard samples with no significant differences. 85-120% recovery percentages for digested biota were obtained. The precision was less than 10% of relative standard deviation in all the cases. The method is reliable for mercury determination in water, red-bellied and Lemna minor tissue.

“Y la mandioca pasaba”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Rosa

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Viaje a Misiones de Eduardo L. Holmberg es el primer libro de la colección “El país del sauce”, que dirige Sergio Delgado y que publican en forma conjunta las editoriales de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral y de la Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Esta colección plantea construir un espacio literario imaginariamente marcado por las cuencas de los ríos Paraná y Uruguay, en donde se despliega una comunidad de textos que van configurando un territorio cultural por fuera de las divisiones p...

Boye och "jag" : En grammatisk analys av en litterär persona

OpenAIRE

Lindström, Elina

2015-01-01

I denna uppsats använder jag den interpersonella metafunktionen inom systemisk-funktionell grammatik för att undersöka sex av Karin Boyes dikter, detta med syfte att se huruvida en sådan här analys kan säga något av intresse om diktjaget. Analysen genomfördes enligt Holmberg och Karlssons modell i Grammatik med betydelse, där subjekt och finit tagits ut varpå språkhandlingar markerats och modalitet kommenterats. Dikterna är hämtade ur Boyes Samlade dikter. Av min analys framgår att jaget beha...

Optimización de un método analítico para la determinación de mercurio en muestras ambientales por espectrometría UV-Visible

OpenAIRE

Piña, Xiomara; Marcó Parra, Lue Merú; Poleo, Germán; Rojas, Jesús; Torres, Gosmyr

2013-01-01

El método colorimétrico de la ditizona fue modificado y cuasi miniaturizado para la determinación de mercurio en agua y en tejido de Lemna minor y Piaractus brachypomus. El límite de detección (4-22μg.L-1) fue satisfactorio para estudios ambientales. Para la evaluación de la exactitud en agua se analizaron patrones SPEX CERTIPREP sin diferencias significativas y para la biota digerida se obtuvieron porcentajes de recuperación en el rango de 85-120%. La precisión fue menor al 10% de desviación...

Extinction Maps and Dust-to-gas Ratios in Nearby Galaxies with LEGUS

Science.gov (United States)

Kahre, L.; Walterbos, R. A.; Kim, H.; Thilker, D.; Calzetti, D.; Lee, J. C.; Sabbi, E.; Ubeda, L.; Aloisi, A.; Cignoni, M.; Cook, D. O.; Dale, D. A.; Elmegreen, B. G.; Elmegreen, D. M.; Fumagalli, M.; Gallagher, J. S., III; Gouliermis, D. A.; Grasha, K.; Grebel, E. K.; Hunter, D. A.; Sacchi, E.; Smith, L. J.; Tosi, M.; Adamo, A.; Andrews, J. E.; Ashworth, G.; Bright, S. N.; Brown, T. M.; Chandar, R.; Christian, C.; de Mink, S. E.; Dobbs, C.; Evans, A. S.; Herrero, A.; Johnson, K. E.; Kennicutt, R. C.; Krumholz, M. R.; Messa, M.; Nair, P.; Nota, A.; Pellerin, A.; Ryon, J. E.; Schaerer, D.; Shabani, F.; Van Dyk, S. D.; Whitmore, B. C.; Wofford, A.

2018-03-01

We present a study of the dust-to-gas ratios in five nearby galaxies: NGC 628 (M74), NGC 6503, NGC 7793, UGC 5139 (Holmberg I), and UGC 4305 (Holmberg II). Using Hubble Space Telescope broadband WFC3/UVIS UV and optical images from the Treasury program Legacy ExtraGalactic UV Survey (LEGUS) combined with archival HST/Advanced Camera for Surveys data, we correct thousands of individual stars for extinction across these five galaxies using an isochrone-matching (reddening-free Q) method. We generate extinction maps for each galaxy from the individual stellar extinctions using both adaptive and fixed resolution techniques and correlate these maps with neutral H I and CO gas maps from the literature, including the H I Nearby Galaxy Survey and the HERA CO-Line Extragalactic Survey. We calculate dust-to-gas ratios and investigate variations in the dust-to-gas ratio with galaxy metallicity. We find a power-law relationship between dust-to-gas ratio and metallicity, consistent with other studies of dust-to-gas ratio compared to metallicity. We find a change in the relation when H2 is not included. This implies that underestimation of {N}{{{H}}2} in low-metallicity dwarfs from a too-low CO-to-H2 conversion factor X CO could have produced too low a slope in the derived relationship between dust-to-gas ratio and metallicity. We also compare our extinctions to those derived from fitting the spectral energy distribution (SED) using the Bayesian Extinction and Stellar Tool for NGC 7793 and find systematically lower extinctions from SED fitting as compared to isochrone matching.

UBV photometry of binary galaxies. The cataloque

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Demin, V.V.; Dibaj, Eh.A.; Tomov, A.N.

1981-01-01

The catalogue of photometric UDV-magnitudes and colours of 105 binary galaxies is presented. The integral B magnitudes and (B-V) and (U-B) colours are reduced to the standard UBV system. The observations are corrected for the atmospheric extinction, galactic absorption, red shift, internal absorption and galaxy declination reddening. The data are reduced to the standard D(0) diameter. Fully corrected observations are compared with the data of the RC2 catalogue. On the basis of the obtained catalogue for 210 individual galaxies, the correlation between the colours of the components is discussed. The strong correlation (Holmberg effect) is shown to exist for EE and SS systems [ru

Dependence between the colour of galaxies in pairs (Holmberg effect)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Demin, V.V.; Zasov, A.V.; Dibaj, Eh.A.; Tomov, A.N.

1984-01-01

Proceeding from the data of photoelectric photometpy by Tomov, the colours of galaxies in double systems are studied For the most of the paips formed by elliptical (EE) or by spiral (SS) galaxies, the difference between the corrected colour indices (B-V)sub(T)sup(0) of components does not exceed 0.10 and does not depend on the difference ΔT of their morphological types The correlation between the colours of galaxies in EE-pairs can be explained by the similaritins of element abundances but not of the luminosities of galaxies. The elliptical and SO-galaxies in pairs with the spiral galaxies ape noticeably bluep on the avepage. The relation between the colours of galaxies in ES-pairs is possible. The colours of early-type spiral galaxies (T < 4) in most of the SS-systems are more blue as compared to the mean colours of galaxies of the same type T. A similarity of the colours of the galaxies in many of the SS-pairs can be a result of the periodically repeated bursts of star formation which take place in both galaxies simultaneously

Phylogeny and high diversity of the Old World cyprinodont, Genus Aphanius (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae in the Iranian Plateau

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zeinab Gholami

2015-11-01

Full Text Available To date, 28 species of Aphanius have been recognized in the World, of which 14 species are described from six endorheic and eight exorheic basins in Iran. Here we report the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of the 14 Iranian Aphanius species to understand their evolutionary history, and thus to contribute to future conservation strategies and habitat management. Based on the cytochrome b gene in combination with geological data, they are representatives of three large clades i.e. (i A. dispar clade (A. dispar, A. ginaonis, A. furcatus and A. sirhani, (ii A. mento clade and (iii Inland Aphanius species clade (A. vladykovi, A. darabensis, A. shirini, A. isfahanensis, A. farsicus, A. arakensis, A. kavirensis, A. mesopotamicus, A. pluristriatus and A. sophiae. The latest clade comprises three subclades (A. vladykovi-, A. shirini- and A. sophiae subclade and represents an “old” evolutionary group that had diverged in the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene (ca. 10–5 Million years ago (A. vladykovi and A. shirini subclades and A. isfahanensis of the A. sophiae subclade and a “young” evolutionary group that may have diverged during the Late Pleistocene (100,000–11,700 y. ago and Early to Middle Holocene (11,700–4,000 y. ago (A. sophiae subclade, but without A. isfahanensis. The A. sophiae subclade is the most remarkable group with seven species that they are superficially very similar and often not clearly distinguishable by external characters alone. However, differences in cytochrome b and also between the otoliths clearly separate all species of this subclade. In addition, the species of the A. sophiae subclade show widely separated distribution areas with no hydrological connectivity in between, which additionally confirm their clarification as distinctive species. All Iranian Aphanius species are native except A. dispar, A. mesopotamicus and A. mento.

Alelle number and heterozigosity for microsatellite loci in different stingless bee species (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Meliponini).

Science.gov (United States)

Francisco, Flávio de O; Brito, Rute M; Arias, Maria C

2006-01-01

In the present study we compare genetic characteristics (allele diversity and observed heterozygosity) of microsatellite loci, from three stingless bee species (Plebeia remota Holmberg, Partamona mulata Moure In Camargo and Partamona helleri Friese), amplified by using heterospecific primers originally designed for Melipona bicolor Lepeletier and Scaptotrigona postica Latreille. We analyzed 360 individuals of P. remota from 72 nests, 58 individuals of R. mulata from 58 nests, and 47 individuals of P. helleri from 47 nests. The three species studied showed low level of polymorphism for the loci amplified with primers derived from M. bicolor. However, for the loci amplified with primers derived from S. postica, only P. remota presented low level of polymorphism.

Influência da primeira alimentação na larvicultura e alevinagem do yamú Brycon siebenthalae (Characidae - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2092 First feeding influence on yamú, Brycon siebenthalae (Characidae larval rearing - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2092

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra Pardo-Carrasco

2003-04-01

Full Text Available Para avaliar a influência da primeira alimentação na alevinagem do yamú, Brycon siebenthalae, no Instituto de Acuicultura/Universidad de Los Llanos (Villavicencio, Colômbia, foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos. No experimento 1, testaram-se, durante vinte e quatro horas, diferentes tipos de alimento vivo como primeira alimentação das pós-larvas (PL de yamú: náuplios de Artemia sp. (NA, zooplâncton silvestre (ZS e larvas de pirapitinga (LP (Piaractus brachypomus. No tratamento controle as pós-larvas foram mantidas em jejum. O alimento que proporcionou melhores resultados em ganho de peso e comprimento total foi larvas de pirapitinga (p Two experiments were carried out at Instituto de Acuicultura de Los Llanos/Universidad de Los Llanos (Villavicencio, Colômbia to evaluate first feeding influence on yamú larval rearing. In the first experiment, the following prey types were tested to first feeding for yamú larvae during 24 hours: Artemia sp. nauplii, wild zooplankton and pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus larvae. In the control yamú larvae were subjected to starvation. Pirapitinga larva was the prey item that offered the best results for weight and total length gain (p < 0.05. In the second experiment, yamú larvae performance was compared when stocked into fertilized ponds during 15 days either at the onset feeding or after first feeding with pirapitinga larvae prey item. Survival rate was lower in the larvae that were stocked into rearing ponds at the onset of feeding (13.4% when compared to survival of yamú larvae that were stocked after receiving pirapitinga larvae (74.1%. These results indicate that the use of pirapitinga larvae at first feeding increases performance of yamú larval rearing.

Recommendations for Assessment of the Reliability, Sensitivity, and Validity of Data Provided by Wearable Sensors Designed for Monitoring Physical Activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Düking, Peter; Fuss, Franz Konstantin; Holmberg, Hans-Christer; Sperlich, Billy

2018-04-30

Although it is becoming increasingly popular to monitor parameters related to training, recovery, and health with wearable sensor technology (wearables), scientific evaluation of the reliability, sensitivity, and validity of such data is limited and, where available, has involved a wide variety of approaches. To improve the trustworthiness of data collected by wearables and facilitate comparisons, we have outlined recommendations for standardized evaluation. We discuss the wearable devices themselves, as well as experimental and statistical considerations. Adherence to these recommendations should be beneficial not only for the individual, but also for regulatory organizations and insurance companies. ©Peter Düking, Franz Konstantin Fuss, Hans-Christer Holmberg, Billy Sperlich. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 30.04.2018.

Fish farming of native species in Colombia: current situation and perspectives

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cruz-Casallas, P. E.; Medina-Robles, V. M.; Velasco-Santamaria, Y. M.

2011-01-01

. The Colombian pisciculture is based on red Tilapia Oreochromis sp. (Linnaeus), Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and cachama blanca Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier), which currently represent around 96% of the total national production. The remaining 4% comes from other farmed species such as bocachico......In Colombia and the rest of the world, the decrease in capture fisheries production has turned the aquaculture into an alternative source of protein for the populations food security as well as an important productive activity, generating employment and income for the rural communities...... Prochilodus magdalenae (Steindachner), carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) and yamu Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz). From the three main fish species, cachama blanca is the only native species, which has shown excellent performance in pond farming due to its rusticity, omnivorous habits, docility, meat quality...

The diet of the black widow spider Latrodectus mirabilis (Theridiidae in two cereal crops of central Argentina

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Gabriel Pompozzi

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The spider Latrodectus mirabilis (Holmberg, 1876 is commonly found in cereals crops of central Argentina. We studied its diet composition at the field and capture rate on leaf-cutting ants based on laboratory experiments. This study comprises the first approach that documents the diet of L. mirabilis in wheat and oat fields of central Argentina. We identified 1,004 prey items collected from its webs during the last phenological stages of both cereal crops. The prey composition was variable but the spiders prey mainly on ants (Formicidae, Hymenoptera, who represented more than 86% of the total. Meanwhile, in the capture rate experiences we registered a high proportion of ants captured by spiders at the beginning of experiences, capturing the half of the ants from total in the first four hours. Summarizing, we reported a polyphagous diet of this spider species in wheat and oat fields. Ants were the most important prey item of this spider, as found in other Latrodectus spiders around the world.

The institutionalization of Jesus' charismatic authority, Part 1: Indirect Christology - direct Christology1

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Yolanda Dreyer

2000-12-01

Full Text Available This study concerns an investigation of the evolution of the Jesus tradition. Christological titles are studied in terms of the social theory of the institutionalization of charismatic authority. It makes use of Anthony Thiselton's and Bengt Holmberg's application of Max Weber's social theory. It is argued that the followers of Jesus acknowledged and expressed his authority by means of naming. These "names" developed into "titles" when the post-Easter followers of Jesus allocated power to him. The process of the institutionalization of Jesus' charismatic authority relates to the transmission from the oral tradition of Jesus' sayings and deeds to the written evidence. The article emphasizes the work done by the Jesus Seminar. The following "rules of written evidence" are considered: clustering and contexting; revision and commentary; false attribution; difficult sayings and the process of christianising. In Part 2 of the study, Weber,s social theory is applied to the Christological title "Son of Man".

LETS DIVE INTO A VIRTUAL WORLD AND SEE WHAT IS BENEATH SECOND LIFE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nil GOKSEL CANBEK

2011-08-01

Full Text Available This paper divulges the results of a master thesis study that evaluates the learner-course owner (instructor interaction within University-Community Partnerships (UCPs by giving samples on SL milieu. The study briefly demystifies 3D interaction in virtual reality. The dimensions of immersive learning and learner-course owner (instructor interaction are explored within the theoretical frame of Mindtool Model (Jonassen, 1996 and Interaction-Communication Theory (Holmberg, 1989. The foundations of learning and communication are appraised on a matrix from which semi-structured and open-ended survey questions are formulated. The SL platform is assessed in terms of qualitative analyses of matrix based-foundations which are sent to four (4 distance education experts across the world. With the survey responses collected on a voluntary basis, 189 themes and 185 main themes on learner-course owner interaction are generated. The results demonstrate that Second Life as a learning mindtool uses Internet-based distance learning technologies effectively; however, it still needs appropriate andragogical adjustments for the efficacy of online interaction.

Physical Parameters of Late Type Spiral Galaxies - III. Mass and Mass to Luminosity Ratio of NGC 7793

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chang-Ha Kim

1986-12-01

Full Text Available The mass distribution and other related quantities were calculated by fitting the observed rotation curve(Davoust and de Vaucouleur 1980 to Brandt and Belton's mass distribution model. One of n values for mass model is determined as 1.5(Vm = 95 km/s and two pairs of them are determined as 0.8(Vm = 95 km/s and 2.0 and 0.8(Vm = 55 km/s and 2.0 because f the hump in observed rotation curve. Total masses and integrated mass to luminosity ratios are 1.8 x 10^10*Msolar, 1.5 x 10^10*Msolar, 1.4 x 10^10*Msolar, and 6.57, 5.33, 5.26 for three cases according to n values. Integrated mass to luminosity ratio in Holmberg radius is 3.44, 3.26, 3.00 in good agreement with the typical value of Sd type suggested by Faber and Gallagher(1979. Presented halo masses which are fifty percent of total masses and halo mass to luminosity ratios given as 75.83, 53.50, 58.75 are values less than Turner's(1976.

Buildings cover a part of the own power needs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schmid, W.

2010-01-01

This article takes a look at the topic of 'Smart Grids', as dealt with in the USA. The author notes that the topic is mostly the subject of work groups and the Administration, but that many interest groups are dealing with this 'innovation of the century'. It is, however, not always clear what exactly is meant by the term 'Smart Grid'. The article deals with the combination of a smart grid with a smart building, with interaction between the power supply and building technical services. In particular the BAC-Net system in the smart grid environment is dealt with in an interview with H. Michael Newmann of Cornell University, New York as well as with Steven T. Bushby and David Holmberg of the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST. Topics discussed include interest shown by power utilities, state and market support, the integration of power-pricing data in the BAC-Net protocol, power 'stock exchanges' and electricity pricing as well as interaction between the utility and building management systems. Also, smart grids for normal households are discussed, as are a road map for the introduction of the technology and financial advantages for building managers

ESTABILIDADE QUÍMICA E MICROBIOLÓGICA DE "MINCED FISH" DE PEIXES AMAZÔNICOS DURANTE O CONGELAMENTO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

JESUS Rogério Souza de

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Foi estudada a estabilidade química e microbiológica de "minced fish" produzidos, em condições industriais, com espécies de peixes da Amazônia: aracú-comum (Schizodon fasciatus, branquinha-comum (Potamorhina latior, branquinha-de-cabeça-lisa (P. altamazonica, curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans, jaraqui-de-escama-fina (Semaprochilodus taeniurus, jaraqui-de-escama-grossa (S. insignis, mapará (Hypophthalmus edentatus, pacú-comum (Metynnis hypsauchen, pacú-manteiga (Mylossoma duriventre e pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomum, durante 150 dias sob congelamento a -18±1°C e -36±1°C. Com base no pH, nitrogênio das bases voláteis totais (N-BVT, substâncias reagentes ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS e contagens de aeróbios mesófilos a 35°C e psicrotróficos a 7°C, e de coliformes totais e fecais (NMP, os "minced fish" obtidos a partir das espécies de peixes estudadas e de misturas de espécies (aracú+curimatã+pirapitinga; jaraqui+branquinha mantiveram-se em condições de consumo, durante o período experimental. Os resultados obtidos são altamente promissores sob o ponto de vista tecnológico.

Aeromonas hydrophila Extracelullar Products Extraction and its Effects on Tilapia Roja (Oreochromis spp. and Cachama Blanca (Piaractus brachypomus

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M. Rodríguez

2005-07-01

of 128 UH/μL and a proteolitic activity of 38.4 UP/μL and produced high fish mortality and severe multiorganic lesions. Electrophoresis revealed bands from 50 to 52 kDa y 63 to 68 kDa, that could correspond to the b hemolisina or a hemolisina y other from 30 to 36 kDa that could correspond to the thermostable metalloprotease.

BICULTIVO EN BIOFLOC DE CACHAMA BLANCA -Piaractus brachypomus- Y TILAPIA NILÓTICA -Oreochromis niloticus- ALIMENTADAS CON DIETAS DE ORIGEN VEGETAL

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S. B. Brú-Cordero

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó el desempeño productivo de cachama blanca y tilapia nilótica cultivadas en biofloc y alimentadas con dietas de origen vegetal. Se cultivaron 80 peces/m3 en proporción 1:1 (cachama : tilapia, con tres niveles de proteína bruta (PB: 16% (T16, 24% (T24 y 32% (T32, en tanques de 1.000 l, con aireación permanente durante 120 días. Se estimaron parámetros de crecimiento, rendimiento, calidad de agua, costos de producción y análisis proximal de los flóculos. El oxígeno disuelto se mantuvo con saturación por encima de 100% y los compuestos nitrogenados (NO2 = 0,4-0,5 mg/l, NO3 = 0,4-0,5 mg/l, NH3 = 0,2-0,3 mg/l, TAN = 2,2-2,4 mg/l no presentaron diferencias entre los tratamientos (P > 0,05. Los pesos finales de la cachama (173,5-196,2 g fueron entre dos y cuatro veces los obtenidos por la tilapia (43,0-87,9 g. El mejor rendimiento del bicultivo se obtuvo con la dieta T24 (11,4 ± 1,3 kg/m3, el cual también registró el menor FCA (0,9 ± 0,3. Producir un kilogramo de pescado costó entre COP $3.148 (T24 y COP $4.445 (T32; del cual el alimento representó entre 49,2% (T16 y 63,3% (T32 y la energía, entre 10,3% (T32 y 14,2% (T16 de los costos. El análisis proximal de los flóculos registró niveles de proteína bruta (29-36% PB adecuados para cachama y tilapia; pero con niveles bajos de lípidos (< 1,0%. El desempeño productivo y los costos de producción permiten sugerir la viabilidad que ofrece el sistema biofloc para la producción de carne de pescado con alimento de 24% PB de origen vegetal.

Changes in wild bee fauna of a grassland in Brazil reveal negative effects associated with growing urbanization during the last 40 years

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Aline C. Martins

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Bee fauna and associated flora from a grassland site in Brazil, surveyed 40 and 20 years ago, were newly surveyed with comparable methodology to evaluate changes in the bee fauna of this site, considering that human population and urbanization has exponentially increased in the last 40 years. In general, bee species richness has declined in 22%, as well as their abundance. Some of the previously abundant species are now absent, including Bombus bellicosus Smith, 1879, Gaesischia fulgurans (Holmberg, 1903 and Thectochlora basiatra (Strand, 1910. No particular trend of differential decrease among either taxonomic or functional groups was observed, except for a minor increase in the proportion of oligolectic species and a 50% reduction in the number of large species. The first two surveys were more similar to each other in species richness per bee genus, while the two most recent grouped together based on measures of anthropogenic impact. Furthermore, the number of plant species visited by bees increased, with a pronounced increase in ruderal and exotic species. Crop cultivation, competition with honeybees and climate changes may all be related to bee decline. Nevertheless, the effects of urbanization, in particular intense land occupation and few preserved natural areas can be pointed as the main causes of species decline. Due to continuing increase in human population, increased erosion in diversity is expected. Habitat protection is an additional challenge to bee conservation in the region, with no local conservation units set aside for grasslands. State and municipal agencies should urgently consider the establishment of reserves for the few remaining patches of natural grasslands.

Cultivo de cachama blanca en altas densidades y en dos sistemas cerrados

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Germán Poleo

2011-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la tolerancia de la cachama blanca, Piaractus brachypomus, a cultivos en altas densidades en sistemas cerrados. Novecientos alevines de 44,3±26 g de peso, se distribuyeron en seis tanques de concreto, con 4,8 m³ de agua. Tres tanques presentaron cero recambio de agua (SCR, y en otros tres, el agua se hizo circular a través de un bioclarificador (SRA. Ambos tratamientos presentaron fuerte aireación para mantener los sólidos en suspensión y suministrar aire. Los peces se alimentaron a saciedad con pienso comercial por 192 días. Los parámetros de calidad de agua como: oxígeno disuelto, amonio total, nitritos, nitratos, alcalinidad, dureza, temperatura y pH, se midieron semanalmente. Los peces en el SCR crecieron a una tasa de 2,34±0,05 g por día, y tuvieron conversión alimenticia de 1,5±0,06, densidad final de 12,96±0,53 kg m-3, y peso final de 449,5±99 g. En el SRA, los peces crecieron 2,33±0,03 g por día, con conversión alimenticia de 1,6±0,07, densidad final de 12,13±1,12 kg m-3, y peso final de 446,5±10 g. La cachama blanca puede ser cultivada en sistemas cerrados con cero recambio de agua en altas densidades.

Phylogeny of the Serrasalmidae (Characiformes based on mitochondrial DNA sequences

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Guillermo Ortí

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Previous studies based on DNA sequences of mitochondrial (mt rRNA genes showed three main groups within the subfamily Serrasalminae: (1 a "pacu" clade of herbivores (Colossoma, Mylossoma, Piaractus; (2 the "Myleus" clade (Myleus, Mylesinus, Tometes, Ossubtus; and (3 the "piranha" clade (Serrasalmus, Pygocentrus, Pygopristis, Pristobrycon, Catoprion, Metynnis. The genus Acnodon was placed as the sister taxon of clade (2+3. However, poor resolution within each clade was obtained due to low levels of variation among rRNA gene sequences. Complete sequences of the hypervariable mtDNA control region for a total of 45 taxa, and additional sequences of 12S and 16S rRNA from a total of 74 taxa representing all genera in the family are now presented to address intragroup relationships. Control region sequences of several serrasalmid species exhibit tandem repeats of short motifs (12 to 33 bp in the 3' end of this region, accounting for substantial length variation. Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony analyses of these sequences identify the same groupings as before and provide further evidence to support the following observations: (a Serrasalmus gouldingi and species of Pristobrycon (non-striolatus form a monophyletic group that is the sister group to other species of Serrasalmus and Pygocentrus; (b Catoprion, Pygopristis, and Pristobrycon striolatus form a well supported clade, sister to the group described above; (c some taxa assigned to the genus Myloplus (M. asterias, M tiete, M ternetzi, and M rubripinnis form a well supported group whereas other Myloplus species remain with uncertain affinities (d Mylesinus, Tometes and Myleus setiger form a monophyletic group.

Muutumismäng 2011. 1.-6. osa / Sille Laidmaa, Leho Säde, Eda Holmberg ... [jt.] ; kommenteerinud Aleksandra Lear, Andres, Barabanov, Maiki Ritslaid ... [jt.

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2012-01-01

Eksperiment 5 osalejaga, kes kõik soovivad muuta erinevaid füüsilise tervise näitajaid ning kasutavad ka erinevaid treeningviise. Eesti Olümpiakomitee ja ühenduse Sport Kõigile kampaaniast "Eestimaa liigub!", et arendada eestimaalaste liikumisharrastust (nr. 3) Eesti Olümpiakomitee uuendatud kodulehest (6)

HERSCHEL OBSERVATIONS OF MAJOR MERGER PAIRS AT z = 0: DUST MASS AND STAR FORMATION

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cao, Chen; Xu, Cong Kevin; Lu, Nanyao; Mazzarella, Joe; Domingue, Donovan; Ronca, Joseph; Jacques, Allison; Buat, Veronique; Cheng, Yi-Wen; Gao, Yu; Huang, Jiasheng; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Lisenfeld, Ute; Sun, Wei-Hsin; Wu, Hong; Yun, Min S.

2016-01-01

We present Herschel PACS and SPIRE far-infrared (FIR) and submillimeter imaging observations for a large K-band selected sample of 88 close major-merger pairs of galaxies (H-KPAIRs) in 6 photometric bands (70, 100, 160, 250, 350, and 500 μm). Among 132 spiral galaxies in the 44 spiral–spiral (S+S) pairs and 44 spiral–elliptical (S+E) pairs, 113 are detected in at least 1 Herschel band. The star formation rate (SFR) and dust mass (M dust ) are derived from the IR SED fitting. The mass of total gas (M gas ) is estimated by assuming a constant dust-to-gas mass ratio of 0.01. Star-forming spiral galaxies (SFGs) in S+S pairs show significant enhancements in both specific star formation rate (sSFR) and star formation efficiency (SFE), while having nearly the same gas mass compared to control galaxies. On the other hand, for SFGs in S+E pairs, there is no significant sSFR enhancement and the mean SFE enhancement is significantly lower than that of SFGs in S+S pairs. This suggests an important role for the disk–disk collision in the interaction-induced star formation. The M gas of SFGs in S+E pairs is marginally lower than that of their counterparts in both S+S pairs and the control sample. Paired galaxies with and without interaction signs do not differ significantly in their mean sSFR and SFE. As found in previous works, this much larger sample confirms that the primary and secondary spirals in S+S pairs follow a Holmberg effect correlation on sSFR

EXAM-HRA. A comparison between HRA approaches in Nordic countries and in Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Becker, G.; Hussels, U.; Schubert, B.; Maennistoe, Ilkka

2012-01-01

A joint project called ''EXAM-HRA'' is performed by German, Swedish and Finnish nuclear power plants. The working group presently consists of: - Kent Bladh, RAB. - Anders Karlsson, FKA. - Guenter Becker and Marina Proske, RISA. - Ilkka Maennistoeand Jan-Erik Holmberg, VTT. - Lasse Tunturivuori, TVO. - Christian Bjursten Carlsson and Anders Olsson, Scandpower. - Gunnar Johanson and Lisa Fritzson, ES-konsult. The overall project objective is to provide guidance for a ''state of the art'' human reliability analysis (HRA) for purposes of probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) to ensure that plant specific properties are properly taken into consideration in the analysis /1/. This will also provide means to improve plant features based on HRA and PSA results as well as providing means to improve Nordic and German HRA application for PSA purposes. In previous phase 1, a method of comparing existing HRA analysis has been developed and applied to tasks, which have been modelled for various German and Nordic PSA. In phase 2, three plant visits have been performed in Brunsbuettel (Germany), Forsmark (Sweden), and Olkiluoto (Finland) to compare actions in more detail, and to perform additional analysis using specific variants of HRA methods. Although both German and Nordic partners strongly rely on THERP method, the variants of this HRA method turned out to differ in some aspects. Swedish and Finnish analyses focus on the diagnosis part of the action. They are based on the time correlation of Swain /2/, but they make use of additional performance shaping factors normally not used in Germany. German analyses have a less complex model for diagnosis, but a more thorough investigation of the various action steps, especially considering various types of recovery. This will be demonstrated by an example, which will show the different analyses and their influence on results. (orig.)

CARACTERIZACIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN in vivo E in vitro DEL LIPOPOLISACÁRIDO DE Aeromonas hydrophila

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A P JIMENEZ

2008-05-01

Full Text Available A partir de una cepa de A. hydrophila aislada de un brote de enfermedad septicémica en Tilapia nilótica (Piaractus brachypomusoreochromis niloticus, se obtuvieron extractos de lipopolisacárido (LPS crudo (29,5 mg/ml y semipurificado (106,5 mg/ml mediante la técnica fenol-agua caliente descrita por Westphal, Jann (1965. La presencia de proteína fue del 2,3% para el extracto crudo y de 0,1% para el semipurificado; la concentración de polisacáridos osciló entre el 15 y 26%. En electroforesis (SDS-PAGE se observaron bandas de 14 Kd correspondientes al oligosacárido central y al lípido A del LPS. Tres ratones de 25-35 g fueron inoculados intraperitonealmente con 25 mg/Kg de LPS cru-do, a partir de la primera hora todos los animales mostraron erizamiento, taquipnea e inapetencia; microscópicamente se detectó congestión hepática y pulmonar, hemorragias pulmonares y renales, marginación leucocitaria en hígado y pulmón con predominio de polimorfo-nucleares neutrófilos (PMN en todos los animales, mostrando un mayor efecto que el control inoculado con LPS de E. coli (Sigma® a la misma concentración. In vitro el LPS crudo a concentración de 10, 20 y 30 µg/ml indujo proliferación de células mono-nucleares murinas (2 x 10 5 en 200 µl de medio DMEM por incorporación de timidina tritiada; tanto el LPS control (E. coli, como el LPS crudo de A. hydrophila mostraron cuentas por minuto (CPM ascendentes de manera dosis dependiente, el LPS de A. hydrophila desencadeno una proliferación muy similar a la inducida por el control.

Toxicidad aguda del sulfato de cobre (CuSO₄) en alevinos de cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) bajo condiciones de aguas blandas

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Velasco-Santamaría, Yohana M.; Gómez-Manrique, Wilson; Calderón-Bernal, Juan M.

2006-01-01

of 55 and 90% respectively. Likewise, these groups presented a moderate increase in mucus  production at branchial level accompanied by clinical disnea. Interlamellar hyperplasia and severe lamellar fusion, as well as gill congestion, were observed microscopically in those exposed to 4.00 ppm...

Extinction Mapping and Dust-to-Gas Ratios of Nearby Galaxies using LEGUS

Science.gov (United States)

Kahre, Lauren; Walterbos, Rene; Kim, Hwihyun; Thilker, David; Lee, Janice; LEGUS Team

2018-01-01

Dust is commonly used as a tracer for cold dense gas, either through IR and NIR emission maps or through extinction mapping, and dust abundance and gas metallicity are critical constraints for chemical and galaxy evolution models. Extinction mapping has been used to trace dust column densities in the Milky Way, the Magellanic Clouds, and M31. The maps for M31 use IR and NIR photometry of red giant branch stars, which is more difficult to obtain for more distant galaxies. Work by Kahre et al. (in prep) uses the extinctions derived for individual massive stars using the isochrone-matching method described by Kim et al. (2012) to generate extinction maps for these more distant galaxies.Isochrones of massive stars lie in the same location on a color-color diagram with little dependence on metallicity and luminosity class, so the extinction can be directly derived from the observed photometry. We generate extinction maps using photometry of massive stars from the Hubble Space Telescope for several of the nearly 50 galaxies observed by the Legacy Extragalactic Ultraviolet Survey (LEGUS). The derived extinction maps will allow us to correct ground-based and HST Halpha maps for extinction, and will be used to constrain changes in the dust-to-gas ratio across the galaxy sample and in different star formation, metallicity and morphological environments. Previous studies have found links between galaxy metallicity and the dust-to-gas mass ratio. We present a study of LEGUS galaxies spanning a range of distances, metallicities, and galaxy morphologies, expanding on our previous study of metal-poor dwarfs Holmberg I and II and giant spirals NGC 6503 and NGC 628. We see clear evidence for changes in the dust-to-gas mass ratio with changing metallicity. We also examine changes in the dust-to-gas mass ratio with galactocentric radius. Ultimately, we will provide constraints on the dust-to-gas mass ratio across a wide range of galaxy environments.

Gas flows in S-E binary systems of galaxies

Science.gov (United States)

Sotnikova, N. YA.

1990-01-01

Tidal interaction between the galaxies in binary systems leads to important consequences. Some peculiarities in galactic morphology as well as the transfer of matter from one galaxy to another may be due to this factor. In particular, gas flows in intergalactic space may be formed. Such flows enriching one component with gas from the other may play a substantial role in the evolution of mixed (S-E) pairs. One can mention several facts corroborating the possibility of the gas transfer from the spiral to the elliptical galaxy. High HI content (10(exp 7) to 10(exp 9) solar mass) is detected in nearly 40 E galaxies (Bottinelli and Gougenheim, 1979; Knapp et al., 1985). Such galaxies are often members of pairs or of multiple systems including an S galaxy, which may be the source of gas (Smirnov and Komberg, 1980). Moreover, the gas kinematics and its distribution also indicate an external origin for this gas (Knapp et al., 1985). In many cases there is an outer gaseous disk. The directions of the disk and of stellar rotation don't always coincide (van Gorkom et al., 1985; Varnas et al., 1987). The galaxy colors in S-E pairs are correlated (the Holmberg effect): bluer ellipticals have spiral components that are usually bluer (Demin et al., 1984). The fraction of E galaxies with emission lines (N sub em) in S-E pairs showing traces of tidal interaction is twice as large (N sub em approx. equals 0.24) as in pairs without interaction (N sub em approx. equals 0.12) (Sotnikova, 1988b). Since the presence of emission lines in a galaxy spectrum strongly depends on gas content, this fact also leads to the conclusion that ellipticals in interacting S-E pairs are enriched with gas. These facts may be considered as a serious indication of the existence of gas transfer. Hence, investigation of this process is of interest.

The Danish Sarcoma Database

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Jorgensen PH

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Peter Holmberg Jørgensen,1 Gunnar Schwarz Lausten,2 Alma B Pedersen3 1Tumor Section, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, 2Tumor Section, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 3Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark Aim: The aim of the database is to gather information about sarcomas treated in Denmark in order to continuously monitor and improve the quality of sarcoma treatment in a local, a national, and an international perspective. Study population: Patients in Denmark diagnosed with a sarcoma, both skeletal and ekstraskeletal, are to be registered since 2009. Main variables: The database contains information about appearance of symptoms; date of receiving referral to a sarcoma center; date of first visit; whether surgery has been performed elsewhere before referral, diagnosis, and treatment; tumor characteristics such as location, size, malignancy grade, and growth pattern; details on treatment (kind of surgery, amount of radiation therapy, type and duration of chemotherapy; complications of treatment; local recurrence and metastases; and comorbidity. In addition, several quality indicators are registered in order to measure the quality of care provided by the hospitals and make comparisons between hospitals and with international standards. Descriptive data: Demographic patient-specific data such as age, sex, region of living, comorbidity, World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases – tenth edition codes and TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours, and date of death (after yearly coupling to the Danish Civil Registration System. Data quality and completeness are currently secured. Conclusion: The Danish Sarcoma Database is population based and includes sarcomas occurring in Denmark since 2009. It is a valuable tool for monitoring sarcoma incidence and quality of treatment and its improvement, postoperative

Results from the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope on the Astro-2 Mission

Science.gov (United States)

Stecher, T. P.; Bohlin, R. C.; Neff, S. G.; O'Connell, R. W.; Roberts, M. R.; Smith, A. M.

1995-03-01

The solar-blind UIT camera with a CsI cathode obtained 722 frames with a cumulative exposure time of 260705 seconds during the March 1995 Astro-2 mission of Space Shuttle Endeavour. Filters were used to isolate selected bandpasses in the range 1200-1800 Angstroms, over the 40 arcmin field of view. Spatial resolution on most of the images is about 3 arcsec. Calibrated data, converted to machine-readable form, are under analysis and several posters on these investigations are presented in the Astro-2 poster session at this meeting (a first look at the UIT observations of Omega Cen, M31, and the Cygnus Loop is further elaborated here). UIT imagery of 20 spiral galaxies was obtained as part of a Guest Investigator program (Wendy Freedman et al.). UV imaging suppresses the red stellar population as expected and enhances the appearance of tracers of recent star formation. Known \\hii regions in these galaxies are made apparent through the scattering of stellar ultraviolet light by interstellar dust; typically their shapes differ from those seen in \\ha. A radial color gradient investigation will be delayed until ground observations can be made as the long-wavelength camera failed on launch and only the 1520 Angstroms and 1620 Angstroms images were made. The far-UV (1520 Angstroms) features are detected well beyond the Holmberg radius. UV/visible color-magnitude diagrams will be made as they were for the data from Astro-1. Our deepest images of the Magellanic Clouds reveal a rich field of luminous clusters and stars that are being searched for UV counterparts of the known x-ray sources in the photographed areas. The observed stars in the Clouds will be used to determine the current mass function. The respective contributions of nebular and stellar UV light in reflection nebulae are will be studied as several nebulae were observed with differing geometries and will provide interesting results on the far-UV albedo and phase function of nebular dust. A dozen globular and

[Nutritional characterization of produced fish for human consumption in Bucaramanga, Colombia].

Science.gov (United States)

Perea, Aide; Gómez, Elieth; Mayorga, Yamile; Triana, Cora Yohanna

2008-03-01

This research involves the nutritional characterization of the most commonly cultivated fish in the region. The species under study were: Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii), tilapia roja (Oreocliromis sp), cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus), bocachico (Prochilodus reticulatus magdalenae) and catfish (Pseudoplatystoma faciatum). A sea fish, coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), was used as reference because it is the imported species most used in the region, and it also contains n-3 fatty acids. For each fish sample moisture, ash, protein content, total fat, minerals (iron, calcium and phosphorous) and a fatty acid profile were determined. Results show a total protein content in between 16.4 and 22.6 g/100 g fillet for fresh water fish. Total fat amounts for trout are the highest (8.1 g/100 g fillet), while catfish has the lowest fat content (0.4 g/100 g fillet). Trout was found to be the most important source of n-3 fatty acids (EPA+DHA) and phosphorous, with values ranging from 0.25% to 0.52%, and 250 to 346 mg/100 g fillet, respectively. Catfish and trout exhibited the highest iron content, with values ranging from 3 to 6mg/100 g fillet. Salmon, on the other hand, showed a high n-3 fatty acid content of 1.16% to 2.25%, when compared to fresh water fish. Calcium content is low in all species under scrutiny. Fresh water fish, other than trout, show no significant amount of n-3 fatty acids. However, all of them are a good source of protein. The obtained results allowed to determine the profile of oily acids of produced fish for human consumption in the region, demonstrating that the trout is the species with major quantity of oily acids n-3 specially DHA and of the minerals the phosphorus. Other species (kinds) catfish, bocachico, tilapia and cachama, are not a source of oily acids n-3, but they are an important source of protein.

EVALUACIÓN DE LA RESTRICCIÓN ALIMENTICIA SOBRE EL DESEMPEÑO PRODUCTIVO Y FISIOLÓGICO EN JUVENILES DE CACHAMA BLANCA, Piaractus brachypomus, EN CONDICIONES DE LABORATORIO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Rodríguez

2011-01-01

muscular de proteína y energía. En cuanto al diseño experimental, este fue completamenteal azar, con cuatro tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones, cada una con cuatroindividuos. Se seleccionaron 64 individuos con 58,40 ± 6,56 g de peso (P y 14,65 ±0,75 cm de longitud total (LT, distribuidos aleatoriamente en 16 acuarios y sometidosdurante ocho semanas a los siguientes tratamientos: de control (T0: alimentación diaria;tratamiento 1 (T1: un día de ayuno y uno de alimentación; tratamiento 2 (T2:tres días de ayuno y dos días de alimentación, y tratamiento 3 (T3: dos días de ayunoy tres de alimentación. Se utilizó alimento de 35% de proteína, suministrado al 3%de la biomasa total dos veces al día. Al culminar el periodo experimental, los animalesexperimentales se anestesiaron y se les tomaron muestras de sangre para evaluar diferentesparámetros metabólicos y hormonales. Posteriormente, se sacrificaron, pesarony midieron; luego, se pesaron sus vísceras y una porción de músculo blanco se obtuvopara determinar el contenido de proteína y energía. Al final del ensayo, se calculó la sobrevivencia. Luego, de acuerdo con los resultados,se concluyó que no hubo diferencias significativas en la mayoría de los parámetrosanalizados, por lo que se infiere que los juveniles de cachama blanca son capaces deadaptarse metabólicamente a la carencia parcial de alimento y optimizar la respuesta en su desempeño.

ANÁLISIS ESTRUCTURAL DE FILETES SAJADOS DE HÍBRIDO DE CACHAMA Piaractus braquypomus x Colossoma macropomum UTILIZANDO BACTERIOCINAS PRODUCIDAS POR Lactobacillus plantarum LPBM10 EMPACADO AL VACÍO

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Héctor Suárez M

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Objective. To determine microstructure, texture and sensory changes in cut cachama hybrid fillets. Materials and methods. Hybrid fillets that were vacuum packed for 30 days at 3°C were analyzed after preservative treatments by crude bacteriocins extract, lactic acid, and control by light microscopy. Results. Space among the muscle fibers increased gradually and the architectural arrangement was altered in all treatments throughout the entire storage period. The lowest alteration in connective tissue degradation and lowest increment in spaces between the muscular fibers was observed with the crude bacteriocin extract treatment. The instrumental textural analysis showed no statistical difference in the stability loss of tissues from fillets among treatments. Sensory analysis indicated that the lancing treatment was effective in diminishing the negative effect of intramuscular bones. The best scores were for cutting fillets with the bacteriocin treatment. Conclusions. The meat texture of fillets was affected during the storage period. Lancing is a procedure that enables the use of fillets without encountering the intramuscular bone problem. The use of crude bacteriocins extract prolongs the shelf-life of fillets.

Classification of rainfall events for weather forecasting purposes in andean region of Colombia

Science.gov (United States)

Suárez Hincapié, Joan Nathalie; Romo Melo, Liliana; Vélez Upegui, Jorge Julian; Chang, Philippe

2016-04-01

This work presents a comparative analysis of the results of applying different methodologies for the identification and classification of rainfall events of different duration in meteorological records of the Colombian Andean region. In this study the work area is the urban and rural area of Manizales that counts with a monitoring hydro-meteorological network. This network is composed of forty-five (45) strategically located stations, this network is composed of forty-five (45) strategically located stations where automatic weather stations record seven climate variables: air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, rainfall, solar radiation and barometric pressure. All this information is sent wirelessly every five (5) minutes to a data warehouse located at the Institute of Environmental Studies-IDEA. With obtaining the series of rainfall recorded by the hydrometeorological station Palogrande operated by the National University of Colombia in Manizales (http://froac.manizales.unal.edu.co/bodegaIdea/); it is with this information that we proceed to perform behavior analysis of other meteorological variables, monitored at surface level and that influence the occurrence of such rainfall events. To classify rainfall events different methodologies were used: The first according to Monjo (2009) where the index n of the heavy rainfall was calculated through which various types of precipitation are defined according to the intensity variability. A second methodology that permitted to produce a classification in terms of a parameter β introduced by Rice and Holmberg (1973) and adapted by Llasat and Puigcerver, (1985, 1997) and the last one where a rainfall classification is performed according to the value of its intensity following the issues raised by Linsley (1977) where the rains can be considered light, moderate and strong fall rates to 2.5 mm / h; from 2.5 to 7.6 mm / h and above this value respectively for the previous classifications. The main

Science education through open and distance learning at Higher Education level

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amrita NIGAM

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract The changes faced by the society in the past few decades brought revolution in all areas. The job requirements have undergone change tremendously. The emergence of e-culture, e-education, e-governance, e-training, e-work sites and so on questioned the capacity of conventional face to face education in catering to all and relevance of existing job related skills to a great extent in the emerging global society. Today, every one has to update his/her educational and/or professional skills and competencies to cope up with the emerging work challenges. This is more so in the field of science and technology. At the same time, it is impossible to cater to educational and training opportunities to one and all those who aspire for it through the conventional set up. The distance and open learning (ODL seems to be one of the viable alternatives. Today, the success and viability of ODL is accepted globally. Coulter (1989, through a study demonstrated that ODL is a cost-effective medium in providing educational opportunities. Similarly Holmberg (1981 also mentioned ODL as a systematic teaching-learning medium by using variety of medium for imparting learning. The present study is an attempt to study the experiences of the open science learners of IGNOU on different aspect of the science higher education. Here a questionnaire was used to collect the data and responses from 81 students enrolled for B. Sc. from IGNOU were collected. The findings of the study reported that society has undergone drastic changes in the last few decades. The revolution led due to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs have widely affected all aspects of society. The emerging jobs require entirely new skills and competencies i.e., employment in BPOs or switching over to e-governance, e-Banking and e- based sectors. Even e-learning has made numerous expectations from teachers and other personnel. The use of ICTs in almost every field needs adequately trained

The perspectives of older women with chronic neck pain on perceived effects of qigong and exercise therapy on aging: a qualitative interview study

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Holmberg C

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Christine Holmberg,1,2 Julia Rappenecker,1 Julia J Karner,1 Claudia M Witt1,3 1Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, 2Berlin School of Public Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; 3Center for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Abstract: Chronic pain is prevalent in elderly populations. The goals of this study were 1 to understand the results of a randomized clinical trial – Qigong and Exercise Therapy for Elderly Patients with Chronic Neck Pain (QIBANE – that showed no difference between qigong, exercise therapy, and no-treatment on quality of life, and 2 to understand how elderly individuals with chronic pain experience interventions of qigong and exercise therapy. A qualitative interview study was conducted with 20 QIBANE participants. Interviews asked about motivation for and expectations of trial participation, experiences with the exercise classes (qigong or exercise therapy, and changes in pain experience. Interviews were transcribed, entered into the software program ATLAS.ti, and coded thematically by two coders. Content analysis was performed. All interviewees reflected positively on their QIBANE experience and described their participation in QIBANE as helpful. However, what was discussed in both groups when they talked about “positive experiences” in the study differed between the two groups. For example, themes that emerged in the exercise-therapy group related to difficulties associated with aging and staying physically active. In the interviews with qigong group members, emergent themes related to qigong as a method that improved bodily experiences and influenced daily activities. The effects that exercise therapy and qigong have on an elderly population cannot be captured by health-related quality-of-life measurements, such as the Short Form (36 Health Survey. Broader concepts of quality of life that include the

Mercury Levels in Human Hair and Farmed Fish near Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Communities in the Madre de Dios River Basin, Peru

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Aubrey L. Langeland

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM has been an important source of income for communities in the Madre de Dios River Basin in Peru for hundreds of years. However, in recent decades, the scale of ASGM activities in the region has increased dramatically, and exposures to a variety of occupational and environmental hazards related to ASGM, including mercury, are becoming more widespread. The aims of our study were to: (1 examine patterns in the total hair mercury level of human participants in several communities in the region and compare these results to the 2.2 µg/g total hair mercury level equivalent to the World Health Organization (WHO Expert Committee of Food Additives (JECFA’s Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI; and (2, to measure the mercury levels of paco (Piaractus brachypomus fish raised in local aquaculture ponds, in order to compare these levels to the EPA Fish Tissue Residue Criterion of 0.3 µg Hg/g fish (wet weight. We collected hair samples from 80 participants in four communities (one control and three where ASGM activities occurred in the region, and collected 111 samples from fish raised in 24 local aquaculture farms. We then analyzed the samples for total mercury. Total mercury levels in hair were statistically significantly higher in the mining communities than in the control community, and increased with increasing geodesic distance from the Madre de Dios headwaters, did not differ by sex, and frequently exceeded the reference level. Regression analyses indicated that higher hair mercury levels were associated with residence in ASGM communities. The analysis of paco fish samples found no samples that exceeded the EPA tissue residue criterion. Collectively, these results align with other recent studies showing that ASGM activities are associated with elevated human mercury exposure. The fish farmed through the relatively new process of aquaculture in ASGM areas appeared to have little potential to contribute

Mercury Levels in Human Hair and Farmed Fish near Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Communities in the Madre de Dios River Basin, Peru.

Science.gov (United States)

Langeland, Aubrey L; Hardin, Rebecca D; Neitzel, Richard L

2017-03-14

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) has been an important source of income for communities in the Madre de Dios River Basin in Peru for hundreds of years. However, in recent decades, the scale of ASGM activities in the region has increased dramatically, and exposures to a variety of occupational and environmental hazards related to ASGM, including mercury, are becoming more widespread. The aims of our study were to: (1) examine patterns in the total hair mercury level of human participants in several communities in the region and compare these results to the 2.2 µg/g total hair mercury level equivalent to the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee of Food Additives (JECFA)'s Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI); and (2), to measure the mercury levels of paco ( Piaractus brachypomus ) fish raised in local aquaculture ponds, in order to compare these levels to the EPA Fish Tissue Residue Criterion of 0.3 µg Hg/g fish (wet weight). We collected hair samples from 80 participants in four communities (one control and three where ASGM activities occurred) in the region, and collected 111 samples from fish raised in 24 local aquaculture farms. We then analyzed the samples for total mercury. Total mercury levels in hair were statistically significantly higher in the mining communities than in the control community, and increased with increasing geodesic distance from the Madre de Dios headwaters, did not differ by sex, and frequently exceeded the reference level. Regression analyses indicated that higher hair mercury levels were associated with residence in ASGM communities. The analysis of paco fish samples found no samples that exceeded the EPA tissue residue criterion. Collectively, these results align with other recent studies showing that ASGM activities are associated with elevated human mercury exposure. The fish farmed through the relatively new process of aquaculture in ASGM areas appeared to have little potential to contribute to human

Segnalazioni/Informes/Rapports/Reports

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emanuele Monegato

2013-12-01

Full Text Available di Elisa Cairati, Paolo Caponi, Emanuele Monegato, Anna Pasolini   Amy Stewart, Wicked Plants, London, Timber Press, 2010, 236 pp. ISBN 978-160-469-127-6 Andrea Corrado e Igor Mariottini, Cinema e autori sulle tracce delle migrazioni, Roma, Ediesse, 2013, 155 pp. ISBN 978-882-301-625-5 Carlos Busqued, Sotto questo sole tremendo, Roma, Atmosphere libri, 2012, 141 pp. ISBN 978-88-6564-032-6 Doménico Chiappe, Tan real como la ficción (Herramientas narrativas en periodismo, Barcelona, Editorial Laertes, 2010, 197 pp. ISBN 978-84-7584-704-7 Eduardo Huarag Álvarez, La cultura oral en la narrativa hispanoamericana, Lima, Editorial San Marcos, 2011, 293 pp. ISBN 978-612-302-537-3 Eduardo L. Holmberg, Le ossa, Salerno, Edizioni Arcoiris, 2012, 114 pp. ISBN 978-88-96583-28-9 Guido Bonsaver, Mussolini censore. Storie di letteratura, dissenso e ipocrisia, Bari, Laterza, 2013, 230 pp. ISBN 9788858106624 Leila Guerriero, Frutos extraños (crónicas reunidas 2001-2008, Madrid, Alfaguara, 2009, 400 pp. ISBN 978-84-204-0371-7 Marco Di Domenico, Italiani Pericolosi, Torino, Bollati Boringhieri, 2012, 254 pp. ISBN 978-883-392-335-2 Margo Lanagan, Tender Morsels, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2008, 464 pp. ISBN 978-0-375-84305-1 María Caballero Wangüemert, Las trampas de la emancipación. Literatura femenina y mundo hispánico, Madrid, Biblioteca Nueva/Minerva, 2012, 363 pp. ISBN 978-84-9940-529-2 Maria Cristina Paganoni, Representing the City. Linguistic Perspectives,Discursive Strategies and Multimodality in City Branding, Bergamo, Lubrina Editore, 2012, 148 pp. ISBN 978 88 7766 464 8 Michael Denning, Cover Stories. Narrative and Ideology in the British Spy Thriller, London, Routledge, 1987, 168 pp. ISBN 0-7100-9642-9; John G. Cawelti, Bruce A. Rosenberg, The Spy Story, Chicago and London, The University of Chicago Press, 1987, 270 pp. ISBN 0-226- 09868-0 Nicoletta Vallorani, Millennium London. Of Other Spaces and the Metropolis, Milano/Udine, Mimesis, 2012

Effect of a Website That Presents Patients' Experiences on Self-Efficacy and Patient Competence of Colorectal Cancer Patients: Web-Based Randomized Controlled Trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Giesler, Jürgen M; Keller, Bettina; Repke, Tim; Leonhart, Rainer; Weis, Joachim; Muckelbauer, Rebecca; Rieckmann, Nina; Müller-Nordhorn, Jacqueline; Lucius-Hoene, Gabriele; Holmberg, Christine

2017-10-13

krankheitserfahrungen.de. No intervention effects were found at 2 and 6 weeks after baseline. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that the website studied may increase self-efficacy for coping with cancer or patient competencies such as self-regulation or managing emotional distress. Possible explanations may involve characteristics of the website itself, its use by participants, or methodological reasons. Future studies aimed at evaluating potential effects of websites providing patient experiences on the basis of methodological principles such as those of DIPEx might profit from extending the range of outcome measures, from including additional measures of website usage behavior and users' motivation, and from expanding concepts, such as patient competency to include items that more directly reflect patients' perceived effects of using such a website. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02157454; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02157454 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6syrvwXxi). ©Jürgen M Giesler, Bettina Keller, Tim Repke, Rainer Leonhart, Joachim Weis, Rebecca Muckelbauer, Nina Rieckmann, Jacqueline Müller-Nordhorn, Gabriele Lucius-Hoene, Christine Holmberg. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 13.10.2017.

Using the framework of corporate culture in “mergers” to support the development of a cultural basis for integrative medicine – guidance for building an integrative medicine department or service

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Witt CM

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Claudia M Witt,1–3 Marion Pérard,2 Brian Berman,3,4 Susan Berman,4 Timothy C Birdsall,5 Horst Defren,6 Sherko Kümmel,7 Gary Deng,8 Gustav Dobos,9 Atje Drexler,10 Christine Holmberg,2 Markus Horneber,11 Robert Jütte,9 Lori Knutson,12 Christopher Kummer,13 Susanne Volpers,14 David Schweiger15 1University Hospital Zurich, Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland; 2Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; 3University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; 4The Institute for Integrative Health, Baltimore, USA; 5Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Goodyear, Arizona, USA, 6Kliniken Essen Mitte, Evang, Huyssen-Stiftung/Knappschaft GmbH Patientenmanagement, Essen, Germany; 7Department of Senology, Breast Center, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Evang. Huyssens Stiftung, Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany; 8Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA; 9Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; 10Robert Bosch Foundation GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany; 11Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum Nürnberg, Germany; 12Integrative Healthcare Solutions, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; 13Institute of Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances (IMAA, Zurich, Switzerland; 14Frauenselbsthilfe nach Krebs, Bonn, Germany; 15Schweiger, Schweiger & Associates, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, USA Background: An increasing number of clinics offer complementary or integrative medicine services; however, clear guidance about how complementary medicine could be successfully and efficiently integrated into conventional health care settings is still lacking. Combining conventional and complementary medicine into integrative medicine can be regarded as a kind of

Eduardo L. Holmberg, Dos partidos en lucha. Fantasía científica : Buenos Aires, Corregidor, 2006, introducción y selección de apéndices: Sandra Gasparini, colección Voces y Letras del Plata, 269 páginas

OpenAIRE

Fontana, Patricio

2006-01-01

Es posible que, guiado por el título y por la fecha de la primera edición de Dos partidos en lucha (1875), un eventual lector sospeche que en esta novela breve se alude a las disputas que un año antes habían enfrentado a mitristas y alsinistas a propósito de la elección del candidato que debía suceder a Sarmiento en la presidencia; un conflicto que derivó en la elección de Nicolás Avellaneda y, a continuación, en el alzamiento de Mitre, reprimido finalmente por tropas leales al gobierno en la...

Science and Values in Radiological Protection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lochard, J.; Eggermont, G.; Britt-Marie, Drottz Sjoberg; Tirmarche, M.; Geard, Ch.R.; Atkinson, M.; Murith, Ch.; Grant, K.G.; Luccioni, C.; Mays, C.; Sisko, Salomaa; Kelly, N.G.; Oughton, D.; Shannoun, F.; Grant, K.G.; Cooper, J.; Mays, C.; Weiss, V.; Oughton, D.; Kazuo, Sakai; Carroll, S.

2010-01-01

protection professionals can better identify and respond to civil society concerns. Session 1: Setting the scene: Holistic presentations of science, values, regulation and public health policy, NGO viewpoints.. An informed view of 'where we stand' on each case topic following the Helsinki workshop. Presentations: Radon as a public health issue (Margot Tirmarche); The continuing story of CT scan risks (Charles R. Geard). Break-out sessions 1. part - Issues surrounding current approaches. This session deepens the discussion and widens the process begun at Helsinki, regarding the new data, phenomena and observations that stimulate us to ask whether current public health and regulatory approaches in each topical area are still adequate, or whether they may need revision. The focus of this session is thus on scientific aspects which may induce a need for paradigm change. Presentation: Radon as a public health issue (Christophe Murith). Evening session 1: Stakeholder platform opportunity (Ola Holmberg). One of the workshop objectives is to foster dialogue between radiological protection professionals, researchers, regulators, and other stakeholders from interested publics in order to deepen discussion on points of interest. In order to maximize stakeholders' benefit in attending the workshop, a platform for communicating and discussing relevant stakeholder views and concerns is offered in this evening context. The on-topic interventions are intended to cover relevant subjects that may not be directly addressed during the rest of the workshop (e.g., risk communication, etc.). This evening session focusses on aspects of dose regulations in radiodiagnostic and radiotherapeutic fields, ALARA in medicine and other issues related to medical exposures. Discussion is intended to be linked to introductory talk in Session 1 on Public Health Perspective in Radiological Protection in Challenging Topical Areas. Presentation: Paediatric CT examinations in nineteenth developing countries (Kazuko

Proceedings of the International Conference on Modern Radiotherapy. Advances and Challenges in Radiation Protection of Patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2009-12-01

concluded with a roundtable discussion on patient information. All the available presentations, documents and posters are compiled in this document which starts with a report summarising the presentations and the main findings from the conference. 40 presentations (slides) are compiled in this document: 1 - Advances in external radiotherapy (M. Brada, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital UK); 2 - Advances in brachytherapy (D. Peiffert, Alexis Vautrin center, Nancy); 3 - The impact of new technologies on the risk of accident (R. Almaberti, HAS); 4 - What is a side effect, a complication or an accident in radiotherapy? (P. Scalliet, University hospital St Luc, Belgium); 5 - The range of radiosensitivity in the human population: hyper- and hypo- sensitivity (S. Bouffler, HPA UK) 6 - Radiation-induced sequelae: toward an individual profile (D. Azria, CRLC Val d'Aurelle, France); 7 - Evaluation and management of secondary cancer risk in modern Radiation Therapy: elaboration of an ICRP/ICRU publication (J.M. Cosset, Curie Institute - ICRP); 8 - Cardiovascular risks in radiotherapy (K. Trott, University College London Institute UK); 9 - Risk acceptability in radiotherapy (F. Mettler, New Mexico Health Care System, US); 10 - Lessons learned from accidents in conventional external radiotherapy (O. Holmberg, IAEA); 11 - Lessons learned from accidental exposures in modern external radiotherapy (P. Ortiz Lopez, ICRP); 12 - Lessons learned from accidents in brachytherapy (L. Pinillos-Ashton, National Cancer Institute, Peru); 13 - Lessons learned from French accidents (S. Derreumaux, IRSN); 14-15 - WHO Radiotherapy risk profile (M. Barton, New South Wales Univ., Australia; D. Noble); 16 - Methods of risk analysis applied to radiotherapy (M.L. Ramirez, FORO/CSN, Spain); 17 - Radiation safety issues linked to the omnipresence of computers (JC. Rosenwald, SFPM); 18 - From Airline Safety Management System to Security in Radiotherapy:a French experience (E. Lartigau, INCa); 19