Incidencia de la carga inicial de pesticidas en fruta sobre los niveles residuales en aceites esenciales cítricos

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María I Montti

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En Argentina, la producción cítrica es muy importante. Para el control de enfermedades y plagas en las quintas y empaques son utilizados diferentes pesticidas. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: optimizar diferentes metodologías analíticas para la determi- nación de residuos de pesticidas en fruta y aceite esencial, y determinar el efecto de la carga inicial sobre los aceites esenciales obtenidos durante el proceso industrial. La calibración se llevó a cabo con matriz adicionada debido al efecto matriz. Los mé- todos propuestos fueron selectivos, precisos, exactos y sensibles. La concentración de residuos encontrados en fruta fresca varió dependiendo del lote y pesticida. La persistencia en fruta postlavada, aceite pulido y descerado fue distinta para cada analito. Se observó una ligera reducción de los residuos en el aceite descerado debido probablemente a la partición de los mismos en la fase cerosa. Los resultados muestran que la carga inicial en la fruta es significante.

Estudo de diferentes métodos de extração por Ultra-Som de pesticidas em latossolo utilizando técnicas cromatográficas

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Marisa Maria Adams

2002-01-01

Amostras de solo (latossolo vermelho destroférrico) coletadas em três pontos distintos, no município de Caibaté (Região das Missões, RS), na profundidade de aproximadamente 10 cm (da superfície do solo), em diferentes estações do ano e com diferentes tipos de manejo de solo (plantio convencional; plantio direto e cultivo mínimo), foram analisadas com o intuito de verificar a presença e a persistência de pesticidas no solo. Adicionalmente foi avaliada a relação entre a concentração dos produto...

A preliminary study of the content and distribution of pesticide residues in soil samples from the Kathmandu valley, Nepal Estudio preliminar sobre el contenido y distribución de residuos de pesticidas en suelos del valle de Katmandú, Nepal Estudo preliminar sobre o teor e distribuição de resíduos de pesticidas em amostras de solos do vale de Kathmandu, Nepal

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Monika Sieghardt

2012-11-01

ó que todas las muestras de suelo de todos los distritos estaban contaminadas con varios pesticidas excepto las procedentes de la ciudad de Katmandú. Las muestras de suelo a 10 cm estaban contaminadas con el fungicida carbendazim y el insecticida chlorpyrifos-methyl en valores de hasta 0,038 mg kg-1. El insecticida sistemático imidacloprid se encontró en concentraciones de hasta 0,016 mg kg-1. El estudio realizado con suelos muestreados a varias profundidades (10, 30 y 50 cm mostró que los pesticidas analizados estaban distribuidos homogéneamente a lo largo de todo el perfil. Se obtuvo una recuperación entre el 77,5% y 112%, con una linearidad entre 0,01 y 2 mg kg-1 con factores de correlación R2 superiores a 0,99 y un LOQ entre 0.2 µg kg-1 y 6.25 µg kg-1. Algunas muestras de suelo estaban contaminadas con parathion-methyl, un insecticida organofosforado con alto poder cancerígeno, a pesar de que su uso está prohibido. Este trabajo representa el primer estudio realizado sobre niveles de contaminación en suelos debidos a pesticidas en la zona de Nepal Central y muestra que son necesarios futuros estudios y campañas informativas para los agricultores de estas áreas.A utilização crescente do uso de pesticidas em produção agricola tem conduzido a situações de poluição em diferentes zonas do Nepal. Os solos agrícolas não contaminados desempenham um importante papel uma vez que têm um impacto direto na segurança alimentar e saúde humana. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a qualidade e quantidade de pesticidas em amostras de solo dos distritos vizinhos da capital, cidade de Kathmandu, locais onde têm origem as frutas e legumes consumidos na capital. Foi realizado um inquérito em quatro distritos em redor da cidade de Kathmandu para investigar os tipos de pesticidas que são mais comumente usados. Recolheu-se um total de 15 amostras de solo com uma profundidade de 10 cm e amostraram-se nas fazendas dos agricultores entrevistados quatro perfis

Avaliação de risco crônico da ingestão de resíduos de pesticidas na dieta brasileira Chronic dietary risk assessment for pesticide residues in Brazilian food

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Eloisa Dutra Caldas

2000-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o risco crônico da ingestão de pesticidas pela dieta, em compostos registrados no Brasil para uso agrícola até 1999. MÉTODOS: Foi calculada a Ingestão Diária Máxima Teórica (IDMT para cada pesticida, utilizando limites máximos de resíduos estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira e dados de consumo alimentar. A caracterização do risco foi feita comparando-se a IDMT com as doses diárias aceitáveis (IDA de vários países e do Codex Alimentarius. RESULTADOS: A IDTM ultrapassou a IDA (%IDA>100 em pelo menos uma região metropolitana brasileira para 23 pesticidas. Dezesseis compostos com maior %IDA são inseticidas organofosforados, sendo o paration metílico o composto cuja ingestão mais excedeu o parâmetro toxicológico (%IDA N=9.300. O arroz, o feijão, as frutas cítricas e o tomate foram os alimentos que mais contribuíram para a ingestão. Dos compostos que apresentaram maior risco, apenas 6 foram registrados de acordo com o Decreto 98.816/90, que dispõe sobre o uso de pesticidas no País. CONCLUSÕES: Os compostos identificados como sendo de potencial risco de exposição crônica para a população brasileira, e os alimentos que mais contribuíram para a sua ingestão, devem ser priorizados pelos órgãos de saúde em programas de monitoramento de resíduos de pesticidas. Adicionalmente, dados sobre resíduos em alimentos prontos para o consumo, fatores de processamento e dados sobre consumo alimentar devem ser gerados para possibilitar o refinamento do estudo.OBJECTIVE: To conduct a chronic dietary risk assessment of the pesticides registered in Brazil up until 1999. METHODS: The Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (TMDI for each pesticide was calculated using the Brazilian maximum residue limits and food consumption data from IBGE, the Brazilian Statistical Institute. The risk characterization was done comparing the TMDI with the acceptable daily intakes (ADI from other countries and from the Codex

Sensibility analysis of the pearl model for pesticide leaching in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Análise de sensibilidade do simulador pearl para lixiviação de pesticidas no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

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Rômulo P. Scorza Júnior

2011-10-01

cenário-padrão. A análise de sensibilidade foi automatizada, utilizando-se da ferramenta SESAN, que foi acoplada ao simulador PEARL. Resultados revelaram que somente as características do solo influenciaram nas simulações do fluxo da água e que, para cenários com diferentes pesticidas e mesmo solo, as simulações do fluxo da água não sofreram alterações. Os dados de entrada que mostraram as maiores sensibilidades com relação às simulações da lixiviação de pesticidas estão relacionados às características dos solos e pesticidas. A sensibilidade de todos os dados de entrada estudados foi dependente do tipo de cenário escolhido, confirmando a necessidade de utilizar mais de um cenário- -padrão na avaliação da sensibilidade de simuladores da lixiviação de pesticidas.

A deficiente informação aumenta os riscos dos pesticidas em Portugal The deficient information increase the pesticides risks in Portugal

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Pedro Amaro

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O risco do uso dos pesticidas agrícolas ser aceitável depende da adopção de rigorosas medidas de segurança definidas pela UE. Esta problemática, em Portugal, é muito preocupante em consequência de graves ilegalidades, como o não funcionamento da CATPF há 5 anos e da sistemática prática, a nível oficial (ex: DGPC/DGADR e Serviços de Avisos e das empresas de pesticidas, da política de esconder a informação essencial para: a selecção dos pesticidas menos perigosos; o conhecimento das indispensáveis medidas de mitigação do risco; e a adequada formação de técnicos e de agricultores.The pesticide risk could be acceptable if mitigation measures decided by EU are adopted. In Portugal that problematic is quite difficult in consequence of graves illegalities, as the CATPF 5 years not working and the systematic practice, at official level (ex: DGPC/DGADR and Warning Service and at pesticides suppliers, of a political to hide the information that is essential to: the pesticides selection of the less dangerous to human health and the environment; the knowledge of indispensable and appropriate measures to reduce those risks as much as possible; and the level of education and training of technicians and farmers.

Exposición a pesticidas en el ámbito laboral, expresión genética y enfermedad de Parkinson

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Asan Iknurov Mollov

Full Text Available Resumen Introducción: Varias exposiciones ocupacionales pueden aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad de Parkinson. La exposición a pesticidas es un conocido factor de riesgo, pero no es suficiente para causar EP. Otros factores, como la susceptibilidad de diferentes variantes genéticas se cree son necesarias. Objetivo: Identificar la relación existente entre la exposición a pesticidas y la predisposición genética para la aparición de EP en el ámbito laboral. Concretar los genes y sus variables que pueden cambiar el riesgo de enfermar. Factores intrínsecos/extrínsecos que pueden influir en el desarrollo de EP. Actividades profesionales que incrementan el riego. Método: Revisión sistemática, realizada a través de búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos científicos publicados en los últimos 10 años en las siguientes bases de datos: MEDLINE (a través de Pubmed, LILACS, IBECS, Red SCIELO, BIBLIOTECA COCHRANE, utilizándose términos (MeSH terms. Se graduó el nivel de evidencia basado en los criterios SIGN. Resultados: Se recuperaron un total de 148 artículos. Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión/exclusión quedó una colección de 9. Todos fueron estudios de casos y controles, dos anidados en una cohorte. Los resultados obtenidos fueron estadísticamente significativos en relación a la variable estudiada. Conclusiones: En todos los artículos revisados se encontró asociación entre la variable genética estudiada, la exposición a pesticidas y el desarrollo de EP o descenso en la edad de aparición de EP con un alto nivel de evidencia.

TOXICIDAD AGUDA DE PESTICIDAS ORGANOF[OSFORADOS Y ANÁLISIS DE LA RELACIÓN CUANTITATIVA DE ESTRUCTURA ACTIVIDAD (QSAR)

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JARAMILLO C, BEATRIZ EUGENIA; MARTELO E, IRINA; DUARTE R, EDISSON

2013-01-01

Los pesticidas organofosforados son esteres del ácido fosfórico (OPs), frecuentemente utilizados como insecticidas y acaricidas. Son un grupo muy importante de contaminantes ambientales empleados en la agricultura intensiva para la protección contra las plagas, producen disturbios en las reacciones bioquímicas normales necesarias para el metabolismo, exhiben un amplio rango de toxicidad para los mamíferos y actúan sobre el sistema nervioso central como inhibidores de la acetilcolinesterasa. E...

Consumo de proteína por praticantes de musculação que objetivam hipertrofia muscular

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Daiane Menon

2012-02-01

Full Text Available A grande procura por academia frequentemente está relacionada com o visual estético e na maioria dos casos com o aumento de massa muscular, principalmente por praticantes de musculação. Existe uma crença entre os atletas de que proteína (PTN adicional aumenta a força e melhora o desempenho. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo de proteína dos praticantes de musculação que objetivam hipertrofia muscular em uma academia do interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A amostra foi composta por 23 praticantes de musculação, do sexo masculino, com idade entre 19 e 33 anos. Participaram do estudo os praticantes de musculação que realizavam treino para ganho de massa muscular com frequência mínima de três vezes por semana e que tinham experiência em treinamento resistido de no mínimo 12 semanas. Um formulário foi preenchido, sobre informações pessoais e alguns dados específicos em relação ao treino e à alimentação. Foi realizado registro alimentar de três dias. As medidas antropométricas foram retiradas do banco de dados do software de avaliação física da academia. Também foi avaliado o estado nutricional, através do cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC. A média de ingestão de proteína foi de 1,7g/kg. A massa magra atual (61,7kg apresentou valores mais elevados que a massa magra inicial (59,9kg, sendo que esta mostrou-se menor para as três classificações (abaixo, recomendado e acima do recomendado da ingestão de PTN. Foi detectada diferença estatística significativa para as classificações dentro da faixa recomendada (p < 0,001 e acima do recomendado (p < 0,05, em que, nas duas situações, a massa magra atual se mostrou significativamente mais elevada que a massa magra inicial. Os achados neste estudo sugerem que a amostra não se caracteriza por apresentar o consumo de PTN acima ou abaixo do recomendado, tendo característica de dieta hiperproteica.

Seletividade de inseticidas, recomendados para cucurbitáceas para Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae em condições de laboratório

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Dirceu Pratissoli

2011-10-01

Full Text Available As brocas-das-cucurbitáceas Diaphania spp. são as principais pragas das cucurbitáceas, podendo ocasionar perdas de até 100% na produção. A fim de reduzir o uso de inseticidas, o controle biológico, aplicado com parasitoides do gênero Trichogramma, tem-se destacado. Objetivou-se avaliar a seletividade dos ingredientes ativos abamectina, tiacloprido e clorfenapir, para Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae. Para isso, 20 fêmeas recém-emergidas de T. atopovirilla foram individualizadas, em tubos de vidro (2,5 cm de diâmetro x 8,5 cm de comprimento, e oferecidas cartelas com 30 ovos de Diaphania hyalinata (Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, previamente imersas por cinco segundos em calda química. Os ingredientes ativos abamectina, tiacloprido e clorfenapir não afetaram o parasitismo de T. atopovirilia. Clorfenapir reduziu a emergência. Abamectina e tiacloprido são os mais recomendados no manejo integrado de pragas, pois foram os que se mostraram mais seletivos a T. atopovirilia em ovos de D. hyalinata.

Estudio electroencefalográfico de las alteraciones de vigilia y sueño en ratas sometidas a pesticidas.

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Victorio Muñoz, Rut

2017-01-01

Resumen: Introducción: En los últimos años existe una gran preocupación por el aumento de la incidencia de los trastornos del aprendizaje y del desarrollo en niños. Por ejemplo, las tasas de prevalencia del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) y del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) parecen ir en aumento en todo el mundo. El uso de sustancias químicas (pesticidas) en agricultura y en el hogar para combatir diferentes plagas no sólo tiene beneficios asociados, si...

Biodegradação dos pesticidas clorpirifós, metil paration e profenofós por fungos de origem marinha

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Natália Alvarenga da Silva

2013-01-01

Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma triagem com os fungos marinhos Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 934, Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 935, Aspergillus sydowii 1241, Penicillium decaturense CBMAI 1234, Penicillium raistrickii CBMAI 931, Penicillium raistrickii CBMAI 1235 e Trichoderma sp. CBMAI 932 com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial enzimático destes micro-organismos frente à biodegradação dos pesticidas organofosforados clorpirifós, metil paration e profenofós. Os fungos selecionados para as reações e...

Aspectos bioéticos en el control y aplicación de plaguicidas en Chile Aspectos bioéticos no controle e na aplicação de praguicidas no Chile Bioethical aspects of control and application of pest control substances in Chile

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María Teresa Muñoz Quezada

2011-06-01

Full Text Available En Chile, la venta y aplicación de plaguicidas ha ido en aumento, y si bien existen normativas sobre su importación, comercialización, control y aplicación, estas no son efectivas en la regulación del su uso por la población, sobre todo no ocupacional. El Senado chileno rechazo un proyecto de ley que prohibía el uso de los plaguicidas considerados a nivel mundial como altamente peligrosos, lo que ha derivado en un fuerte reclamo de organizaciones no gubernamentales y comunidades agrícolas expuestas a estos tóxicos, señalando errores en los procesos de legislación de los agroquímicos y desinformación sobre los efectos y riesgos de toxicidad principalmente crónica en quienes se ven expuestos a los pesticidas. El siguiente trabajo discute la escasa preocupación bioética de parte de las autoridades y la ciudadanía por los efectos que están generando los pesticidas en la población y el medio ambiente, reveladas en la continuidad de la comercialización y aplicación de plaguicidas de elevada toxicidad, y en la presencia de residuos de pesticidas en los productos vegetales que se comercializan a nivel nacional.No Chile, a venda e aplicação de praguicidas tem tido aumento, e se bem existem normas sobre sua importação, comercialização, controle e aplicação, estas não são efetivas na regulação do seu uso pela população, sobretudo não ocupacional. O Senado chileno recusou um projeto de lei que proibia o uso dos praguicidas considerados em nivel mundial como altamente perigosos, o que derivou forte reclamação de organizações não governamentais e comunidades agrícolas expostas a estes tóxicos, assinalando erros nos processos de legislação dos agroquímicos e desinformação sobre os efeitos e riscos de toxicidade, principalmente crônica naqueles que se veem expostos aos pesticidas. Este trabalho discute a escassa preocupação bioética de parte das autoridades e da cidadania pelos efeitos que estão gerando os

Intoxicações e uso de pesticidas por agricultores do Município de Paty do Alferes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Pesticide use and poisoning among farmers from the county of Paty do Alferes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Isabella Fernandes Delgado

2004-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho é parte de um estudo mais amplo sobre as conseqüências para a saúde da exposição a pesticidas. Em 1997, no Município de Paty do Alferes, Rio de Janeiro, 55 agricultores foram entrevistados sobre o uso de pesticidas, equipamentos de proteção e medidas de higiene, ocorrência de intoxicações, destino das embalagens vazias e o tipo de orientação técnica recebida pelos usuários destes produtos. Os pesticidas mais usados foram inseticidas como a abamectina, os compostos organofosforados e os piretróides, e os fungicidas como o mancozeb, o clorotalonil e produtos à base de cobre. Entre os trabalhadores envolvidos no preparo e/ou aplicação de pesticidas, 92% informaram não usar qualquer tipo de equipamento de proteção individual. 62% dos agricultores entrevistados informaram já ter "passado mal" ao preparar ou aplicar pesticidas. Os sintomas mais freqüentemente citados foram dor de cabeça, enjôo, vômitos, vertigem, irritação da pele e visão embaçada. Destes agricultores, 21% necessitaram de assistência médica e em mais da metade dos casos (51%, em que os lavradores identificaram os pesticidas que usavam quando "passaram mal", foram citados inseticidas organofosforados da classe toxicológica I.This survey is part of a more comprehensive study on the health consequences of pesticide exposure. In the county (municipality of Paty do Alferes, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 55 agricultural workers were interviewed on the use of pesticides, use of personal protective equipment, data on health status, and symptoms related to pesticide exposure, disposal of agrochemical containers, and technical assistance. The most widely used pesticides were insecticides such as abamectin, organophosphate compounds, and pyrethroids, and fungicides such as mancozeb, chlorothalonil, and copper products. As a rule, pesticides are handled carelessly, and 92% of workers involved in the mixing, loading, and spraying of insecticides and

Recuperação de áreas contaminadas por pesticidas organoclorados na Cidade dos Meninos, município de Duque de Caxias, RJ Recovery of soils contaminated by organochlorine pesticides in Cidade dos Meninos, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil

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Daniela Buosi

2004-06-01

Full Text Available O Serviço Nacional de Malária operacionalizou uma fábrica de pesticidas organoclorados utilizados em campanhas de saúde pública (HCH e DDT entre 1950 e 1965, na Cidade dos Meninos, no município de Duque de Caxias, RJ, visando combater doenças rurais endêmicas. Após denúncia na mídia, em 1989, a FEEMA detectou que, com a desativação da fábrica, foram deixados resíduos da produção dos pesticidas, causando a contaminação do solo. Neste trabalho foram realizadas análises foliares e de solo em dois talhões de espécies de eucalipto (Eucalyptus grandis e Corymbia citriodora (Hook. K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Jhonson, com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial da espécie como fitorremediador de área contaminada por organoclorados. Coletaram-se cinco amostras compostas de folhas (três do C. citriodora e duas do E. grandis e uma composta de solo em cada um dos talhões estudados para análise de organoclorados por cromatografia gasosa. As alturas médias dos talhões de E. grandis e C. citriodora foram, respectivamente, de 9,1 e 16,8 com diâmetros médios de 7,8 e 15,95 cm; a média de C. citriodora foi similar à de outros plantios em regiões de mata atlântica, ficando a de E. grandis pouco abaixo. Detectou-se a presença de organoclorados nas folhas analisadas, porém em baixas concentrações. Nos solos, as concentrações encontradas foram altas, sendo maiores no talhão de E. grandis. Os resultados foram comparados com análises prévias na área, indicando que as espécies atuaram como fitorremediadoras, especialmente o C. citriodora, uma vez que houve redução na contaminação do solo e absorção dos organoclorados pelas folhas.The Malaria National Service built a factory of organoclorine pesticides used in public health campaigns (HCH and DDT between 1950 and 1965, at Cidade dos Meninos, in the municipal district of Duque de Caxias/RJ to control the dissemination of endemic rural diseases. After a media outcry, in 1989, FEEMA

NOVAS APLICAÇÕES DE SISTEMAS SFE "HOME-MADE".: IV. QUALIDADE DOS ALIMENTOS

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LANÇAS Fernando M.

1997-01-01

Full Text Available São apresentadas algumas aplicações de um sistema "Home-Made" para Extração com Fluido Supercrítico (EFS na análise de resíduos de pesticidas e de óleos essenciais em alimentos. Foram desenvolvidos diversos estudos com os parâmetros: temperatura, pressão, escolha e concentração de modificadores. Os resultados são apresentados para amostras de maracujá (resíduos de pesticidas organofosforados e piretróides, mel (resíduos de pesticidas organoclorados e laranja (óleo essencial.

Gênero e outras variáveis que influenciam na procrastinação acadêmica

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Somers, Patricia

2008-01-01

Full Text Available A procrastinação acadêmica é um grande problema para estudantes universitários, especialmente nos Estados Unidos. Este artigo discute teorias de motivação e analisa a investigação sobre os fatores, incluindo gênero e cultura, que podem influenciar na procrastinação. Um conjunto abrangente e comparativo de estudos é recomendado

Pesticide regulation, utilization, and retailers' selling practices in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies: current situation and needed changes Regulación, utilización y prácticas de venta minorista de los pesticidas en Trinidad y Tobago, Indias Occidentales: situación actual y cambios necesarios

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Lexley M. Pinto Pereira

2007-08-01

critical evaluation of legislation regarding pesticide imports and use, and partnership with the Rotterdam Convention are recommended for Trinidad and Tobago. A strengthened Poisons Information Centre can provide educational initiatives and information on early management of pesticide exposure.OBJETIVO: Analizar la regulación de los pesticidas en Trinidad y Tobago y verificar la utilización y las prácticas de venta minorista de pesticidas en Trinidad, la mayor de las dos islas que componen la República de Trinidad y Tobago. MÉTODOS: Entre febrero y junio de 2005 se realizó una encuesta a los vendedores minoristas de sustancias químicas de Trinidad sobre los pesticidas más frecuentemente vendidos, así como sobre sus conocimientos y las prácticas de venta de pesticidas. La Junta de Control de Venenos y Sustancias Tóxicas (JCVST del Ministerio de Salud informó sobre la legislación vigente. RESULTADOS: De 107 tiendas autorizadas que comerciaban activamente con pesticidas, 97 participaron en este estudio (tasa de respuesta de 91%. Solo 21 (2,9% de los 720 productos registrados de cuatro clases de sustancias se utilizan con frecuencia. Los productos paraquat, metomil y alfacipermetrina (cuyos nombres comerciales respectivos son Gramoxone, Lannate y Fastac pertenecientes a las clases de riego I y II de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS y la isopropilamina de glifosato (Swiper, Clase U son los pesticidas más frecuentemente adquiridos. Las tiendas de mascotas constituyen 39,2% (38 unidades de las tiendas minoristas que participaron en el estudio. No hay regulaciones que normen la venta de pesticidas a los agricultores y los niños pueden comprarlos. Los recursos humanos y técnicos inadecuados hacen inefectivos los controles legislativos y las medidas disciplinarias contra los infractores son débiles. Se emplean considerables recursos gubernamentales en procedimientos legislativos y en la aprobación de productos de muy baja (2,9% tasa de utilización, lo que

Uso de pesticidas para el cultivo de algodón. Situación actual.

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Martínez, M. J.

1997-06-01

Full Text Available The paper reviews the world production of cotton and the use of pesticides in its growth. The risks derived from their abuse, especially chlorinated ones, are commented. Organophosphorous pesticides and carbamates have a wider spectrum of activity and less environmental persistence, although their are more toxic for mammalian beings. Since the 70th, the «piretrinas» have solved some of the problems derived from pets with resistance to the above mentioned two pesticides. Nevertheless, utilization of pesticides in this culture should be diminished since their use is not efficient nowadays and even in some cases there is a production decrease. On the other hand, consumers are progressively demanding the so called «ecological products». Thus, EU countries should be more restrictive with respect to the pesticides tolerances in cotton to be able to use the «Ecological label» of the European Union.

El trabajo hace una revisión de la producción mundial de algodón y del uso de pesticida en su cultivo. Asimismo, comenta los riesgos derivados del abuso de estos compuestos, especialmente de los organoclorados. Los organofosforados y carbamates presentan un espectro de actividad más amplio y no tienen tanta persistencia en el medio ambiente, aunque resultan de una mayor toxicidad para los mamíferos. A partir de los años 70, han surgido las piretrinas para resolver los problemas creados por la aparición de plagas resistentes a los dos tipos anteriores. No obstante, la utilización de todos estos compuestos debe disminuir ya que, en estos momentos, su empleo masivo está teniendo incluso efectos negativos en los rendimientos. Por otra parte los consumidores están reclamando cada vez más géneros producidos de manera ecológica. Los países miembros de la UE deben, pues, ser más estrictos en sus exigencias con respecto a los residuos de pesticidas y, así, poder acogerse a «Etiqueta Ecológica» de la Unión Europea.

ANÁLISE DE CONTEÚDO DOS ITENS OBRIGATÓRIOS OU RECOMENDADOS E DE DIVULGAÇÃO ESPONTÂNEA NO RELATÓRIO DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO DAS COMPANHIAS ABERTAS

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ALESSANDRA VASCONCELOS GALLON

2008-04-01

Full Text Available O artigo descreve a análise de conteúdo da evidenciação nos Relatórios da Administração das empresas participantes dos níveis de governança da Bovespa, relacionada aos itens obrigatórios pela Lei nº 6.404/76, recomendados pela CVM através do Parecer de Orientação nº 15/87 e outros itens de divulgação espontânea. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva, realizada por meio de análise documental, com análise de clusters. Os resultados mostram que as 55 companhias abertas brasileiras, participantes do nível 1 e 2 de governança e novo mercado da Bovespa, segundo o BDI nº 190/2005, independente do nível de governança, evidenciaram no Relatório de Administração de 2004 mais sentenças do tipo declarativa. Comparando-se o número de sentenças evidenciadas de itens obrigatórios e recomendados e de itens de divulgação espontânea, nota-se que a maior evidenciação é referente aos itens obrigatórios e recomendados. Conclui-se que os Relatórios da Administração das companhias abertas brasileiras apresentam níveis relativamente baixos de evidenciação voluntária.

Alteraciones morfofuncionales provocadas en el riñón e hígado de rata tras la administración del pesticida atrazina

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Santa María Pérez, Consuelo

1983-01-01

Los Pesticidas o Plaguicidas han supuesto un gran adelanto en la Agricultura, sin embargo, y ya que su utilización es cada día más frecuente, se hace obligatorio un conocimiento más profundo de los mismos encaminado sobre todo a determinar la posible toxicidad que de una forma directa o indirecta puede tener sobre la humanidad. Aunque se han descrito numerosos casos de intoxicaciones agudas por estos productos son más frecuentes las intoxicaciones crónicas, debido a su estabilidad en el me...

Origen y distribución de pesticidas organoclorados (OCPs) en sedimentos actuales de la Laguna de El Hito (Cuenca, España Central)

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Sánchez Palencia, Yolanda; Ortiz, José Eugenio; Torres, Trinidad de

2015-01-01

Se llevó a cabo el estudio del estado ambiental actual de la Laguna de El Hito basado en el análisis y cuantificación de 24 pesticidas organoclorados (OCPs): hexaclorobenceno, hexaclorociclohexanos, diclorodifenil-tricloroetano sus homólogos y metabolitos (DDTs), y ciclodienos (aldrín, dieldrín, endrín, endrín aldehido, endrín cetona, α- clordano, γ-clordano, endosulfán I, endosulfán II, endosulfán sulfato, heptacloro, heptacloro epóxido B y metoxicloro). Algunos compuestos ...

Influência da minhoca Pontoscolex corethrurus na distribuição do acaricida dicofol em um Argissolo Effects of earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus on distribution of acaricida dicofol in a Podzolic soil

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Tomaz Langenbach

2002-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a importância da minhoca Pontoscolex corethrurus na distribuição do pesticida dicofol em um Argissolo. Como modelo foram utilizados microcosmos contendo solo tamizado e acondicionado na densidade 1,25 g cm-3. Em microcosmos com e sem Pontoscolex corethurus, foram aplicados 14C-dicofol, e após um período de 52 dias fez-se uma simulação de chuvas torrenciais. Na camada de 0-1 cm, recuperou-se 75% da radioatividade no solo sem minhoca, e no solo com minhoca, a recuperação foi 9% inferior. Nas camadas mais profundas, os valores da radioatividade ficaram abaixo de 20%, e as diferenças entre os tratamentos não ultrapassaram 2%. Esta espécie de minhoca, muito freqüente no Brasil, mostrou não ter influência relevante na distribuição do pesticida no solo.The aim of this work was to study the influence of earthworm on pesticides distribution in a Podzolic soil. The experimental model used was a microcosm filled with sieved soil to a final density of 1.25 g cm-3. In microcosms with or without Pontoscolex corethurus 14C-dicofol was applied, and after a period of 52 days strong rain simulation was performed. In the layer of 0-1 cm 75% of the radioactivity in the soil without earthworms were recovered, and in the soil with earthworms the recovery was 9% inferior. In the deepest layers the values of the radioactivity were below 20% and the differences among the treatments did not surpass 2%. This earthworm species of large occurrence in Brazil showed no important influence on the distribution of the pesticide in soil.

INFLUÊNCIA DA MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA NA BIODEGRADAÇÃO DO ÁCIDO 2,4-DICLOROFENOXIACÉTICO (2,4-D

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Ida Carolina Neves Direito

2015-07-01

Full Text Available O herbicida ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D é um dos mais utilizados no mundo e pode causar prejuízos ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana. Os microrganismos do solo tem importante função na degradação de compostos químicos como os pesticidas. A matéria orgânica, como adubos orgânicos e metabólitos secundários vegetais, podem estimular os microrganismos do solo. Dentre os metabólitos secundários vegetais, existem os flavonóides. O processo de degradação de flavonóides pode resultar no ácido protocatecóico, o qual é um intermediário na rota de degradação de pesticidas aromáticos, como o 2,4-D.  Este estudo investigou a influência da matéria orgânica na biodegradação do 2,4-D. Em um primeiro momento, analizamos a capacidade de crescimento de isolados bacterianos, que podem utilizar 2,4-D como única fonte de carbono, na presença de biopirol, quercetina e rutina. Em seguida, verificamos a influência destas moléculas orgânicas sobre a comunidade microbiana do solo com histórico de aplicação do 2,4-D. Os resultados mostraram que os isolados bacterianos são capazes de utilizar pelo menos um dos modelos de matéria orgânica empregados. Os resultados gerados no experimento conduzido para verificar a influencia da matéria orgânica sobre a comunidade microbiana e a degradação do 2,4-D sugere que a associação do 2,4-D com a matéria orgânica poderia ampliar a persistência deste no ambiente, ou poderia representar um estádio de adaptação dos microrganismos do solo. Nossos resultados sugerem que o efeito de resíduos orgânicos na biodegradação do 2,4-D tem potencial biotecnológico.

Prevalência de consumo alimentar entre hipertensos e diabéticos na cidade de Nova Boa Vista, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2013

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Kelli Destri

Full Text Available Resumo OBJETIVO: descrever o consumo alimentar em uma população de hipertensos e diabéticos de uma cidade do sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal descritivo, realizado na cidade de Nova Boa Vista-RS, Brasil, entre junho e setembro de 2013; dados sobre consumo alimentar foram coletados utilizando-se o questionário do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN, a adequação foi baseada no Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira de 2008. RESULTADOS: foram incluídos 422 participantes (≥18 anos de idade; os alimentos que tiveram maior frequência de consumo recomendada foram salada crua (60,7%, frutas (73,0%, lácteos (61,4%, frituras (57,3%, salgados (66,4% e refrigerantes (76,3%; embutidos e doces foram os alimentos que tiveram maior frequência de consumo não recomendado, 34,8% e 23,9% respectivamente; a prevalência de consumo semanal recomendado de frutas foi 19% maior entre mulheres (p=0,004. CONCLUSÃO: o consumo alimentar na população do estudo parece estar de acordo com as frequências recomendadas, especialmente entre mulheres.

Evaluación bioquímica de trabajadores rurales expuestos a pesticidas

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María Fernanda Simoniello

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Los pesticidas utilizados en agricultura pueden representar un riesgo potencial para la salud de los agricultores expuestos y para el medio ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar trabajadores frutihortícolas expuestos a plaguicidas, categorizados por: exposición directa (n = 45, exposición indirecta (n = 50 y controles (n = 50 mediante biomarcadores de exposición y efecto: colinesterasa (ChE, acetilcolinesterasa (AChE, catalasa (CAT, peroxidación de lípidos (TBARS, Indice de Daño Ensayo Cometa (IDEC e Indice de Daño Ensayo Reparación (IDER. Los resultados indican: a inhibición significativa de AChE (p < 0.001 en expuestos directos e indirectos; b aumento en los niveles de TBARS (p < 0.001 en los directos; c reducción de CAT significativa (p < 0.01 y d aumento de IDEC e IDER (p < 0.001 en ambos grupos. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan modificaciones en el balance oxidativo junto con daño al ADN en los trabajadores estudiados. Estos hallazgos representan una contribución en la evaluación subclínica de exposición a agroquímicos en nuestro país.

Origen y distribución de los pesticidas organoclorados (OCPs) en sedimentos actuales de la Laguna de El Hito (Cuenca, España Central)

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Sánchez-Palencia González, Yolanda; Ortiz Menéndez, José Eugenio; Torres Pérez-Hidalgo, Trinidad José

2015-01-01

Se llevó a cabo el estudio del estado ambiental actual de la Laguna de El Hito basado en el análisis y cuantificación de 24 pesticidas organoclorados (OCPs): hexaclorobenceno, hexaclorociclohexanos, diclorodifenil-tricloroetano sus homólogos y metabolitos (DDTs), y ciclodienos (aldrín, dieldrín, endrín, endrín aldehido, endrín cetona, ?-clordano, ?-clordano, endosulfán I, endosulfán II, endosulfán sulfato, heptacloro, heptacloro epóxido B y metoxicloro). Algunos compuestos superaron los Nive...

Estudo do resíduo fosfogesso na formulação de uma pasta para revestimento interno de edifícios

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Oliveira, Jorge Ivan de

2014-01-01

O objeto da pesquisa é o fosfogesso, um resíduo da indústria de ácido fosfórico, matéria prima para a produção de fertilizantes fosfatados, detergentes, rações animais, aditivos em alimentos, pesticidas e outros produtos químicos, mais comumente aplicados na agricultura para correção do solo. O fosfogesso resulta da lixiviação ácida da rocha fosfatada com ácido sulfúrico concentrado e água. Como produto dessa reação, tem-se o ácido fosfórico e o resíduo, sulfato de cálcio dihidratado (fosfoge...

Manejo de Diabrotica speciosa com atrativos naturais em horta orgânica Natural attractios for management of Diabrotica speciosa in a organic home garden

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João José Stüpp; Mari Inês C Boff; Paulo Antonio de S Gonçalves

2006-01-01

O controle de insetos associados ao cultivo de hortaliças é predominantemente realizado através de pesticidas sintéticos. Entretanto, os riscos do uso indiscriminado dos pesticidas sobre a saúde humana e o meio ambiente deve ser considerado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a eficácia de atrativos naturais no controle da vaquinha Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), uma praga de importância econômica na América Latina. Os seguintes tratamentos foram testados: raiz de...

DESENVOLVIMENTO E VALIDAÇÃO DE MÉTODO MULTIRRESIDUAL PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DE PESTICIDAS EM CAFÉ VERDE UTILIZANDO GC-MS (NCI-SIM)

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Bárbara Reichert

2012-01-01

Neste estudo, foi desenvolvido e validado um método multirresidual para determinação de 40 pesticidas em grãos de café verde. Para se obter uma amostra bem homogênea, os grãos de café verde foram previamente moídos e em seguida preparou-se um slurry de café e água (razão 1:4, m/m). Para o procedimento de extração utilizou-se o método QuEChERS, no qual foram introduzidas algumas modificações. Como solvente extrator, utilizou-se acetonitrila contendo 1% de ácido acético e padr...

Utilização das principais plantas medicinais em uma comunidade rural

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Francisco de Assis Pinheiro

1996-12-01

Full Text Available Estudo descritivo-analítico, realizado na comunidade rural de Pitanga da Estrada-PB, objetivando-se estudar as principais plantas medicinais utilizadas pelas mulheres da comunidade e comparar o uso popular com o recomendado na literatura. Observou-se algumas discordâncias no uso popular quando se compara com o recomendado pela literatura e em especial às propriedades terapêuticas ou indicações para o uso.

Estimación del costo eficiente de reducción de pesticidas en cultivos de banano desarrollados en la provincia de El Oro, zonas: la ferroviaria y chaguana

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Zambrano Monserrate, Manuel Andres; Herrera, Paul

2009-01-01

En la actualidad existe un gran abuso y manipulación inadecuada de los pesticidas por parte de nuestros agricultores bananeros, ya sean porque emplean una dosis menor de la requerida para ahorrar costos, sin saber que esto a largo plazo le ocasiona mas perdidas que si empleara las dosis correctas, porque crea una resistencia de la plaga. Por otro lado hay agricultores que emplean una sobredosis de los mismos, pensando que de esta manera las plagas desaparecerían más rápido, sin saber que ...

Análisis de cocaína en diferentes muestras por cromatografía de gases con detector de ionización de llama (CG-FID)

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Ángela M. López C.; William F. Garzón M; Milton Rosero-Moreano; Gonzalo Taborda O.

2015-01-01

En este estudio se realizó la validación de los métodos establecidos por la UNODC para la cuantificación y extracción de benzometilecgonina (cocaína) presente en las hojas de Erythhroxylum coca, en té de coca y en clorhidrato de cocaína. El primer método de extracción, recomendado por la UNODC, es una extracción solido-líquido (ESL), sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos indican que esta no es lo suficientemente eficiente para lograr una señal de analito distinguible de la relación señal a ru...

Biodegradación estimulada de los suelos contaminados con pesticidas organoclorados

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María Kopytko

2017-06-01

Full Text Available DDT al igual que otros pesticidas organoclorados han sido utilizados extensivamente en Colombia entre los años 1970 y 1980 en cultivos de algodón. DDT es resistente a la degradación y fuertemente relacionado con numerosos problemas de salud y actualmente está  prohibido su uso. El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar la biodegradación de DDT y de los productos DDD y DDE, presentes en el suelo contaminado durante 16 años en le municipio Agustín Codazzi, Cesar, Colombia. Se llevaron a cabo bioestimulación, bioaumentación y un tratamiento de control bajo condiciones anaerobias y aerobias secuenciales. El proceso de biodegradación anaerobia duró 8 semanas y consecutivamente se realizó el proceso aerobio por 20 semanas. En el proceso de bioestimulación se adicionó fósforo para optimizar la proporción C:N:P en el suelo tratado. De las bacterias nativas se aislaron las cepas bacterianas con la capacidad biodegradadora del DDT y fueron identificadas mediante las características morfológicas y ampliación por PCR de la región de 1465 pb del gen ribosomal 16S y secuenciación. De estas se seleccionaron cuatro cepas bacterianas para el proceso de bioaumentación: Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromona caviae, y Bacillus sp,  las cuales fueron bioaumentadas en el laboratorio e inoculadas en el suelo tratado en concentración de 108 UFC/ml. La concentración de DDT, DDD y DDE se determinó por medio de cromatografía de gases. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron durante la fase anaerobia logrando una remoción de DDT, DDD y DDE en un 56,2%, 17,1% y 44,5% respectivamente.

Pesticidas no perfil de solos em áreas de plantação de cebolas em Ituporanga, SC Pesticides in the soil profile in planting areas of onions in Ituporanga, SC

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Adilson Pinheiro

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as concentrações de resíduos de pesticidas no perfil do solo sob cultura de cebola, no município de Ituporanga, em Santa Catarina. Coletas de amostras foram realizadas nas profundidades de 0 a 20, 40 a 60 e 80 a 100 cm, em três áreas com plantação de cebola. Nestas áreas são realizadas rotações de cultura, abrangendo o milho, cebola, batata, feijão e beterraba. Três séries de amostragens foram realizadas nos períodos de 2006 e 2007, sendo coletadas, em um ano, amostras simples e, no outro, uma amostra composta. Para cada amostra foram determinadas as concentrações dos herbicidas: 2,4-D, alacloro, atrazina, diurom, dos fungicidas: azoxistrobina, metalaxil, metconazol, tebuconazol e do inseticida: lambda-cialotrina. Os resultados mostram que os ingredientes ativos considerados foram detectados nas três profundidades. Os fungicidas foram detectados com maior frequência na camada superficial. As concentrações variaram entre as áreas e entre as profundidades, de forma descontínua. O comportamento de distribuição das concentrações foi similar para todos os pesticidas. Supõe-se que a existência de caminhos preferenciais no perfil do solo seja o fator responsável pela ocorrência de concentrações elevadas em profundidade, de forma irregular.This study aims to evaluate the pesticide concentrations in the soil profile under cultivation of onion in the municipality of Ituporanga in Santa Catarina. Samples of soil were collected, at depths of 0-20, 40-60 and 80-100 cm in three areas. In these the maize, onion, potatoes, beans, and beets are used in crop rotation. Three sets of samples were collected in the period 2006 and 2007. In the first year single samples were collected and in the other year, a composite sample. For each sample, the concentrations of herbicide 2,4-D, alachlor, atrazine, diuron, of fungicides: azoxystrobin, metalaxyl, metconazole, tebuconazole and of insecticides

Experiências Internacionais e Desafios dos Governos dos Países na Transição da Contabilidade Pública para o Regime de Competência

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Brenno Carvalho Botelho

2015-12-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar experiências internacionais e os desafios enfrentados pelos Governos dos países na transição da contabilidade pública para o regime contábil de competência. Sua contribuição está na atualização da literatura no que tange ao posicionamento dos governos de economias mundiais quanto à adoção do accrual basis em sua contabilidade e, principalmente, por evidenciar os principais procedimentos observados durante o processo de transição. Para tratar a questão da pesquisa, são discutidos os procedimentos recomendados pelo Study 14, desenvolvido pela International Federation of Accountants (IFAC, e pelo Modelo de Requerimentos Básicos (BRM, em inglês, proposto por Ouda (2008, e analisadas as experiências monitoradas pelo IFAC nos Governos da Malásia, Malta e Suíça; as experiências relatadas na literatura (Romênia, Nova Zelândia e Austrália; e a experiência vivenciada pelo Governo brasileiro, por meio de informações coletadas no sítio da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional do Brasil e em artigos acadêmicos. Os resultados mostram que os Governos da Suiça, Austrália e Nova Zelândia já adotam o regime de competência integral e seguiram todos os procedimentos recomendados pelo Study 14 e pelo BRM. No caso da Romênia, apesar de utilizar o regime de competência integral, não adotou a maior parte dos procedimentos recomendados, o que pode explicar o fato de as informações geradas em sua contabilidade não serem utilizadas nem pelos gestores e nem pelas autoridades governamentais. No caso dos Governos da Malásia e de Malta, definiram o ano de 2019 como data limite para a transição para o regime de competência integral. Quanto ao Brasil, adota-se o regime de competência modificado, sem previsão para adoção integral do regime de competência. Com relação aos desafios observados no processo de transição, destaca-se, nessa ordem, carência de pessoal treinado, exig

O processo de consentimento na pesquisa clínica: da elaboração à obtenção

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Silva,Luci Meire Pereira da; Oliveira,Filipe de; Muccioli,Cristina

2005-01-01

O termo de consentimento é um documento recomendado por declarações internacionais, códigos de ética, resoluções e leis específicas para ser utilizado no cotidiano de pesquisas em saúde. A prática ou a obtenção do consentimento informado no exercício da medicina e da pesquisa em seres humanos é própria das últimas décadas e caracteriza o aperfeiçoamento da ética biomédica, constitui um requerimento legal e ético na pesquisa clínica envolvendo seres humanos. O principal desafio do processo de ...

EFECTO DE LA CONCENTRACIÓN DEL METIL PARATIÓN Y EL EXTRACTO DE LEVADURA COMO FACTORES DE SELECCIÓN DE MICROORGANISMOS DEGRADADORES DEL PESTICIDA A PARTIR DE SUELOS CONTAMINADOS Effect of Methyl Parathion Concentration and Yeast Extract as Factors for Selecting Pesticide Degrading Microorganisms from Polluted Soils

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L. R. Botero

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El aislamiento y cultivo de microorganismos con capacidades para degradar los contaminantes ambientales es importante para implementar planes de biorremediación. En este estudio se evaluó el efecto del extracto de levadura tanto en la capacidad de asimilación microbiana del pesticida organofosforado metil paratión, como en los procesos de aislamiento de microorganismos útiles para de degradar este pesticida. Los microorganismos evaluados fueron obtenidos de suelo fresco fumigado históricamente con este pesticida. Los ensayos se efectuaron con medios sólidos definidos enriquecidos con metil paratión (0-60 mg L-1 y extracto de levadura (0-0.5 g L -1. Se encontró que los microorganismos fueron capaces de asimilar hasta 5 mg L -1 del metil paratión en ausencia de extracto de levadura sin evidenciar efectos tóxicos. La capacidad de asimilación aumentó a 10 mg L-1 en los cultivos enriquecidos con 0.5 g L-1 de extracto de levadura. El extracto de levadura en las dosis usadas no afectó el aislamiento de microorganismos. Sin embargo, el aislamiento por siembra directa en medios enriquecidos con metil paratión como única fuente de carbono se dificultó por el aporte de la materia orgánica del suelo que permitió el crecimiento de cepas tolerantes sin capacidad para degradar el pesticida.Isolation and culture of microorganisms with capacity to degrade environmental pollutants are important for implementing bioremediation plans. This study is an evaluation of the yeast extract effect on both the microbial capacity to assimilate the organo-phosphorous pesticide methyl parathion and the isolation processes of microorganisms useful for degrading this pesticide. Microorganisms evaluated were obtained from fresh soil historically fumigate with this pesticide. Trials were conducted with defined solid means enriched with methyl parathion (0-60 mg L-1 and yeast extract (0-0.5 g L-1. It was found that microorganisms were able to assimilate up to 5

Governança corporativa na América Latina: a relevância dos princípios da OCDE na integridade dos conselhos e autonomia dos conselheiros

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Kitagawa,Carlos Henrique; Ribeiro,Maísa de Souza

2009-01-01

Os conselhos de administração são caracterizados como um importante elemento da boa governança corporativa. Nesse sentido, este trabalho busca identificar as práticas de governança das empresas latino-americanas aos princípios recomendados pela Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico, OCDE, para essa região (Brasil, Argentina, México e Chile). Dentre os sete princípios por ela recomendados para a América Latina, este trabalho tem como foco apenas o quinto princípio, que trata ...

Abordagens da controladoria em artigos publicados em periódicos dos programas de pós-graduação em ciências contábeis recomendados pela CAPES = Approaches on comptrollership in papers published in journals of post-graduate programs in accounting sciences recommended by CAPES

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Ilse Maria Beuren

2010-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo é verificar quais conteúdos da Estrutura Conceitual Básica da Controladoria proposta por Borinelli (2006 são abordados nos artigos publicados sobre Controladoria em periódicos dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis recomendados pela CAPES. Para tanto foi realizada pesquisa descritiva, por meio de análise documental e com abordagem qualitativa. A população compreendeu os 17 Programas de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis Recomendados pela CAPES. A amostra totalizou oito periódicos vinculados aos Programas. Na pesquisa dos artigos que citam controladoria no título, resumo ou palavras-chave, foram identificados nove artigos. Os resultados evidenciam quanto aos aspectos conceituais, que os artigos analisados relacionaram a controladoria com a necessidade de coordenar as informações. Quanto aos aspectos procedimentais, relacionaram a Controladoria com a gestão de informação. Na análise dos aspectos organizacionais os artigos defendem ambas as posições hierárquicas para a Controladoria, como órgão de linha ou de staff. Conclui-se que os artigos se relacionaram de alguma forma com as duas primeiras perspectivas defendidas por Borinelli (2006, mas poucas evidências foram constatadas no que concerne à terceira perspectiva.The objective of the study was to verify what contents of the Basic Structural Concept of Comptrollership proposed by Borinelli (2006 are approached in article published on Comptrollership in journals from Post-Graduate Programs in Accounting Sciences recommended by CAPES. Descriptive research was made by means of documental analysis using a qualitative approach. The population was composed of 17 Post-Graduate Programs in Accounting Sciences recommended by CAPES. The sample consisted of eight journals connected to the Programs. In the research, nine papers that cited comptrollership in the title, abstract or key words were identified. Results show that in regard to

QUALIDADE DA MADEIRA SERRADA NA REGIÃO DA QUARTA COLÔNIA DE IMIGRAÇÃO ITALIANA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

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Miguel Antão Durlo

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade da madeira serrada produzida na Região da Quarta Colônia de Imigração Italiana no Rio Grande do Sul. Três empresas que processam madeiras de pinus foram analisadas com respeito à operação de desdobro e método de secagem empregados, e o teor de umidade da madeira industrializada. Constatou-se que a secagem ao ar livre é o principal método empregado na região, e os defeitos resultantes influenciam negativamente na qualidade da madeira serrada, o que sugere a necessidade de ajustes no método. No entanto, o teor de umidade médio da madeira está dentro dos padrões recomendados para a secagem ao ar livre. Em torno de 75% da madeira serrada na Região, quando úmida, foi classificada como de primeira qualidade. Depois de seca, contudo, apenas 45% das peças foram classificadas como de primeira qualidade e 45% de terceira, sendo os 10% restante incluídos nas categorias super, extra e segunda qualidade.

Qualidade da madeira serrada na região da Quarta Colônia de Imigração Italiana do Rio Grande do Sul.

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Darci Alberto Gatto

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade da madeira serrada produzida na Região da Quarta Colônia de Imigração Italiana no Rio Grande do Sul. Três empresas que processam madeiras de pinus foram analisadas com respeito à operação de desdobro e método de secagem empregados, e o teor de umidade da madeira industrializada. Constatou-se que a secagem ao ar livre é o principal método empregado na região, e os defeitos resultantes influenciam negativamente na qualidade da madeira serrada, o que sugere a necessidade de ajustes no método. No entanto, o teor de umidade médio da madeira está dentro dos padrões recomendados para a secagem ao ar livre. Em torno de 75% da madeira serrada na Região, quando úmida, foi classificada como de primeira qualidade. Depois de seca, contudo, apenas 45% das peças foram classificadas como de primeira qualidade e 45% de terceira, sendo os 10% restante incluídos nas categorias super, extra e segunda qualidade.

Plantas medicinais consumidas em Cochim, no século XVI e na atualidade

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Isabel Maria Madaleno

Full Text Available O objetivo primacial desta pesquisa é investigar como solucionam os habitantes de Cochim, na Índia, seus problemas de saúde, quando não podem aceder aos sistemas convencionais ou quando optam por aceder a sistemas alternativos, na modernidade. O objetivo específico da pesquisa é compilar as espécies vegetais de uso terapêutico no século XVI e compará-las com as atuais. A flora indiana, em particular as especiarias, tem fascinado a humanidade desde o início dos tempos. Em 1498, os portugueses descobriram o caminho marítimo para a Índia e, durante os dois séculos seguintes, o pequeno país europeu dominou o comércio mundial com o oriente. Seguindo a rota das especiarias, o Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (IICT organizou, recentemente, uma missão científica a Kerala, a fim de investigar os frutos, os legumes, os condimentos, os tubérculos e as plantas medicinais cultivadas em jardins e pátios traseiros, vendidos em mercados e feiras, e recomendados pela medicina Ayurvédica, na cidade de Cochim. O ponto de partida foi a leitura de quatro manuscritos do século XVI que enumeravam as plantas aromáticas, condimentares e medicinais da Índia renascentista. Os resultados demonstram que um número substancial de plantas colhidas durante a missão do IICT, em 2013, já era usado na Índia, no século XVI.

Uso de Intervenções Baseadas em Evidências na Síndrome Coronária Aguda – Subanálise do Registro ACCEPT

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Ricardo Wang

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: As diretrizes baseiam-se em evidências para pautar suas recomendações; apesar disso, há uma lacuna entre o recomendado e a prática clínica. Objetivo: Descrever a prática de prescrição de tratamentos com indicação baseada em diretrizes para pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda no Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizada uma subanálise do registro ACCEPT, na qual foram avaliados os dados epidemiológicos e a taxa de prescrição de ácido acetilsalicílico, inibidores P2Y12, antitrombóticos, betabloqueadores, inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina/bloqueadores AT1 e estatinas. Além disso, avaliou-se a qualidade da reperfusão coronariana no infarto com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST. Resultados: Foram avaliados 2.453 pacientes. As taxas de prescrição de ácido acetilsalicílico, inibidores de P2Y12, antitrombóticos, betabloqueadores, inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina/bloqueadores AT1 e estatinas foram, respectivamente, de 97,6%, 89,5%, 89,1, 80,2%, 67,9%, 90,6%, em 24 horas, e, respectivamente, de 89,3%, 53,6, 0%, 74,4%, 57,6%, 85,4%, em 6 meses. Com relação ao infarto com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, somente 35,9% e 25,3% dos pacientes foram submetidos a angioplastia primária e trombólise, respectivamente, nos tempos recomendados. Conclusão: Este registro mostrou altas taxas de prescrição inicial de antiplaquetários, antitrombóticos e estatina, bem como taxas mais baixas de betabloqueadores e de inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina/bloqueadores AT1. Independentemente da classe, todos apresentaram queda do uso aos 6 meses. A maioria dos pacientes com infarto com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST não foi submetida a reperfusão coronariana no tempo recomendado.

Corrosividade Causada por Soluções Salinas Empregadas na Estabilização Dimensional da Madeira

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Juarez Benigno Paes

2017-08-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a corrosividade de soluções salinas antes e depois de sua impregnação na madeira. Soluções com 5% de concentração de cloreto de lítio, carbonato de sódio, sulfato de magnésio, sulfato de zinco e sulfato de cobre II foram mantidas durante 6 horas, a 25 °C, 45 °C e 100 °C em contato com amostras de 1,25 cm × 0,1 cm × 7,5 cm (largura × espessura × comprimento produzidas com chapas de aço carbono antes e depois de seu contato com amostras de madeira de Corymbia torelliana e Eucalyptus cloeziana. Não se observou efeito da temperatura na corrosão das soluções puras. Depois do contato com a madeira houve incremento da corrosividade para as soluções de sulfato de zinco e de cobre II. O sulfato de cobre II ocasionou a maior perda de massa nas chapas, não sendo recomendado seu contato com superfícies metálicas, como usinas de tratamento e câmaras de secagem de madeira.

Níveis de organoclorados em queijos produzidos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

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Santos Joice Sifuentes dos

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Os compostos organoclorados são pesticidas que foram usados na agricultura, no controle de vetores biológicos e de ectoparasitas do gado. Atualmente seu uso está proibido no Brasil, exceto para o controle de vetores biológicos em casos de epidemia. No entanto, resíduos desses compostos ainda são encontrados no meio ambiente e nos alimentos. Por esse motivo, avaliou-se a presença de organoclorados em queijos produzidos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil, bem como os níveis desses compostos em queijos dos tipos "colonial" e industrializado. A gordura das amostras foi extraída pela adição de sulfato de sódio seguida por uma lavagem com éter de petróleo. Os pesticidas foram purificados a partir da gordura em uma coluna contendo florisil e eluída com hexano. O extrato obtido foi utilizado para as análises cromatográficas (cromatografia gasosa com captura de elétrons. Os compostos alfa-HCH, HCB, lindano, aldrin, o,p-DDD e p,p-DDD foram identificados em 100% das amostras; o,p-DDE em 88,9% e o,p-DDT em 94,4%. p,p-DDD foi o pesticida detectado na maior concentração (11,5ng g-1 de gordura, seguido pelo aldrin (8,7ng g-1 de gordura. Os níveis de alfa-HCH, aldrin e DDT total foram maiores que o limite máximo de resíduos em 2, 8 e 1 amostra de queijo, respectivamente. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos níveis de organoclorados entre as amostras de queijo "colonial" e industrializado, ou entre amostras de queijos produzidos em três regiões do Estado.

TOXICIDAD AGUDA DE PESTICIDAS ORGANOF[OSFORADOS Y ANÁLISIS DE LA RELACIÓN CUANTITATIVA DE ESTRUCTURA ACTIVIDAD (QSAR

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BEATRIZ EUGENIA JARAMILLO C

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Los pesticidas organofosforados son esteres del ácido fosfórico (OPs, frecuentemente utilizados como insecticidas y acaricidas. Son un grupo muy importante de contaminantes ambientales empleados en la agricultura intensiva para la protección contra las plagas, producen disturbios en las reacciones bioquímicas normales necesarias para el metabolismo, exhiben un amplio rango de toxicidad para los mamíferos y actúan sobre el sistema nervioso central como inhibidores de la acetilcolinesterasa. En este estudio se evaluó la concentración letal media (CL50 de diecisiete compuestos organofosforados usando Artemia franciscana. El compuesto que presentó mayor toxicidad fue el fentión con CL50 de 6,26 µg/mL a las 24h de exposición y de 0,11 µg/mL a las 48h y aquellos con menor toxicidad fueron: clorpirifos y malatión con valores de CL50 mayores de 100 µg/mL.Modelos QSAR (relación cuantitativa existente entre la estructura y la actividad fueron desarrollados para predecir la toxicidad de los OPs correlacionando sus valores LC50 con descriptores moleculares,usando métodos computacionales y herramientas estadísticas. El momento dipolar (µ y el coeficiente de partición octanol/agua (LogP fueron los descriptores moleculares que presentaron la mejor correlación lineal con R2 de 0,8107 y 0,8546 para 24 y 48 h de exposición,respectivamente, de OPsfrente A. franciscana.

Development and validation of method for the determination of organochlorine pesticides and trihalomethanes in the water by HRGC-ECD = Desenvolvimento e validação de método para a determinação de pesticidas organoclorados e trihalometanos em água usando HRGC-ECD

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Maria Isabel Ribeiro Alves

2010-10-01

Full Text Available The development and validation of a simultaneous liquid-liquid extraction method for organochlorine pesticides and trihalomethanes in surface and drinking water by HRGC-ECD is described. The method presents acceptable recovery, with detection ranging from 2.7 to 49.0 ng L-1 for organochlorine pesticides and from 18.0 to 860.0 ng L-1for trihalomethanes. The extraction method also presents excellent linearity for all the analytes, with excellent repeatability. Extraction is simple, fast, and low cost, uses small amounts of solvent and aqueous sample, and is suitable for routine analyses.O presente trabalho trata do desenvolvimento e validação de um método de extração para a determinação simultânea de trihalometanos e pesticidas organoclorados em água superficial e água potável por HRGC-ECD. O método apresenta recuperação aceitável, com limites dedetecção que variam de 2,7 a 49,0 ng L-1 para pesticidas organoclorados e de 18,0 a 860,0 ng L-1 para trihalometanos. O método de extração apresenta também excelente linearidade para todos os analitos e boa repetibilidade. A extração é simples, rápida, de baixo custo, além de utilizar pequenas quantidades de solvente e de amostra aquosa, sendo, portanto, de alta aplicabilidade em análises de rotina.

EVALUACIÓN DE PLAGUICIDAS 0RGAN0CL0RAD0S POR HS-SPME - GC/ECD EN LECHE PASTEURIZADA COMERCIALIZADA EN LA CIUDAD DE CARTAGENA (COLOMBIA A AVALIAQÁO DOS PESTICIDAS ORGANOCLORADOS POR HS-SPME - GC/ECD EM LEITE PASTEURIZADO COMERCIALIZADAS NA CIDADE CARTAGENA (COLOMBIA EVALUATION OF PESTICIDES BY HS-SPME ORGANOCHLORINE - GC / ECD IN PASTEURIZED MILK MARKETED IN THE CITY CARTAGENA (COLOMBIA

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DENILES DEL CARMEN DE ARCO R

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Los plaguicidas han sido utilizados en todo el mundo desde mediados del siglo XX, en campañas de Salud Pública y en prácticas agrícolas. Los Plaguicidas Organoclorados (POCs presentan mayor impacto sobre el ambiente porque no son biodegradables, son lipofílicos, tienen gran movilidad por todo el planeta y gran tendencia a la bioacumulación, através de la cadena trófica. Con el objetivo de identificar y cuantificar plaguicidas organoclorados en leche entera pasteurizada de dos marcas (A y B, que se comercializan en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, se realizó la presente investigación, utilizando Microextracción en Fase Sólida en Espacio de Cabeza y Cromatografía de Gases con Detector de Captura de Electrones (HS-SPME-GC/ECD. Fueron analizadas 36 muestras (n=36, 18 de cada marca. El 100% de las muestras (n=36 resultaron positivas para el plaguicida lindano (γ-HCH, superando el Límite Máximo Residual (LMR de 0,01 mg/kg, establecido por la Food and Agriculture Organization y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (FAO/OMS. Las concentraciones promedio de lindano obtenidas para la marca A fueron de 0,042 mg/kg ± 0,003 y 0,062 ± 0,0016 mg/kg (base grasa para la marca B, no superando la Ingesta Diaria Admisible (IDA de 0,001 mg/kg de peso corporal.Os pesticidas têm sido usados em todo o mundo desde meados do século XX, as campanhas de saúde pública e práticas agrícolas. Os inseticidas organoclorados (AP têm maior impacto sobre o meio ambiente porque não são biodegradáveis, são lipofílicas, têm grande mobilidade ao redor do mundo e maior tendencia para a bioacumulação através da cadeia alimentar. A fim de identificar e quantificar pesticidas organoclorados em leite integral, duas marcas (A e B, comercializada na cidade de Cartagena das Índias, a presente investigação foi realizada por cromatografia em Fase Sólida, Microextração Headspace Gás com Detector de Captura de Elétrons(HS-SPME-GC/ECD. 36 amostras foram

Balanço de macronutrientes na dieta de idosos brasileiros: análises da Pesquisa Nacional de Alimentação 2008-2009

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Agatha Nogueira Previdelli

Full Text Available RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a contribuição de proteína, lipídio e carboidrato no total de energia da dieta de idosos das diferentes regiões brasileiras. Métodos: Foram analisados dados de 4.286 idosos (60 a 104 anos provenientes da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008/2009. Baseado no consumo obtido por dois registros alimentares, o programa Multiple Source Method estimou o consumo habitual de macronutrientes e gordura saturada. As recomendações do Institute of Medicine (IOM, segundo os Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR, foram utilizadas para avaliar a participação relativa dos macronutrientes de acordo com percentual energético (PE. Modelos de regressão linear identificaram diferenças entre PE dos macronutrientes, situação do domicílio, macrorregiões e gênero. Resultados: A proteína foi o macronutriente que apresentou maior concordância com o AMDR (99,8%. Com relação ao PE lipídico, observou-se que 9,2% da população ficaram acima da recomendação, sendo o dobro do encontrado para carboidrato (4,9% e nove vezes o percentual de idosos, cujo PE-proteico (1,0% foi acima do recomendado. Em 14,5% dos idosos a ingestão de carboidratos foi abaixo da AMDR, sendo que essas dietas apresentaram maior PE lipídico (β = 8,19; p < 0,001, revelando que 50% dos idosos que consumiam carboidratos abaixo do PE recomendado apresentou um consumo excessivo de lipídio. Segundo macrorregiões, o Centro-Oeste foi o único a apresentar diferença para carboidrato, sendo esta de menor percentual (51,6%; p < 0,05. A região Sul (17,9%; p < 0,01 apresentou o menor PE proteico e o maior de lipídios (28,7%; p < 0,01. Conclusões: A elevada frequência de inadequação da ingestão de lipídio pode significar uma pior qualidade da dieta, contribuindo com o aumento no risco de desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas.

Influência da Umidade na Resistência da Madeira de Eucalipto a Impactos

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Anderson Pertuzzatti

2017-08-01

Full Text Available RESUMO O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus cloeziana submetidas a diferentes condições de umidade a impactos. Para tanto, os corpos de prova foram distribuídos em três condições de umidade (seco, climatizado e saturado. Foram avaliadas as propriedade de resistência a impactos, massa específica e teor de umidade de equilíbrio. Os dados foram interpretados por meio de análise de variância fatorial. Dessa maneira, verificou-se que a madeira de E. cloeziana foi mais resistente a impactos na condição saturada em comparação com as amostras climatizada e seca. Já o E. grandis não apresentou diferença significativa entre as condições de umidade testadas. O E. cloeziana demonstrou maior capacidade de absorver impactos em relação ao E. grandis. Ambas as espécies foram classificadas como pouco resistentes a impactos. Portanto, não é recomendado a utilização das espécies estudadas em locais sujeitos a cargas de choque.

A saúde na escola: um breve resgate histórico Health at school: a brief history

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Túlio Alberto Martins de Figueiredo

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Discute o nascimento histórico da saúde escolar no mundo e no Brasil. Apresenta a Iniciativa Regional Escolas Promotoras de Saúde - um discurso de múltiplos olhares e trabalho articulado entre a educação, saúde e sociedade -, como modelo alternativo de atenção à saúde na escola recomendado, pela Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde, para os países do Caribe e da América Latina. Considera que o olhar atento aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais é condição fundamental para que os profissionais de saúde sensíveis à questão da educação em saúde na escola contribuam para que a mesma compareça na educação fundamental com um enfoque crítico, interdisciplinar e transversal e, finalmente, apresenta as diretrizes da nova política nacional de saúde na escola pública.It involves the historical birth of school health in the world and Brazil. It shows a regional initiative of Health Promoting Schools - a discourse of multiple viewings and joint work among education, health and society -, as an alternative model of attention to school health, recommended by Pan American Health Organization, to the Caribbean and Latin American Countries. Finally, it takes into account that a detailed observation of the National Curriculum Parameters is an essential condition so that health professionals, who are sensitive to the school health education issue, can contribute to its inclusion in the fundamental education with a critical, interdisciplinary and transversal approach, presenting the guidelines of a new national health polices at public schools.

Controle de infecção: um requisito essencial na prática da acupuntura – revisão de literatura

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Flaviana Regina Pimenta

2008-09-01

Full Text Available A acupuntura é uma técnica milenar de origem chinesa, tem seu uso recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS e foi incorporada no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS. Devido sua grande expansão, o objetivo desse estudo foi verificar, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, a segurança e o controle de infecção na prática da acupuntura, identificando possíveis riscos e efeitos adversos. A busca do material foi realizada em livros, periódicos on-line (PubMed, MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO referente aos anos de 1984 a 2007 e manuais sobre acupuntura e controle de infecção. Vários estudos comprovaram que a acupuntura é segura e eficaz, sendo que grande parte de seus efeitos adversos podem ser evitados por profissionais devidamente capacitados e treinados. Um dos principais requisitos para a realização da acupuntura é o controle de infecção, pois é uma técnica invasiva que tem como principal ferramenta o uso de agulhas, que penetram na pele, tecido subcutâneo e músculos, podendo provocar a transmissão de microrganismos. Concluiu-se que desde que todas as normas de biossegurança sejam seguidas, os riscos na prática da acupuntura são mínimos e sempre se preconiza o uso de agulhas descartáveis.

GEOPROCESSAMENTO APLICADO A ANÁLISE INTEGRADA DO USO DA TERRA E QUALIDADE DE ÁGUA NA MICROBACIA DO RIO PRETO – RONDÔNIA

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JOIADA MOREIRA DA SILVA

2010-08-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar as mudanças no uso da terra e seus efeitos na qualidade da água na microbacia do rio Preto - RO. Esta foi escolhida por ser uma área de projetos de assentamento para colonos, o que viabilizou o processo de ocupação do estado de Rondônia. A metodologia foi dividida em três etapas: preparação da base cartográfica e processamento digital de imagens de satélite, atividade de campo com aplicação de formulário sobre o uso da terra e coleta de amostras de água, e integração das informações através de Sistema de Informação Geográfica - SIG. Na área sobre influência da agricultura cafeeira a concentração de OD foi 1,61 mg/l, a temperatura de 27,5º C, pH entre 4,4 e 4,7 e média de condutividade 15,8 S25/cm. Foi constatado mudança no uso da terra, que está relacionada ao desenvolvimento econômico recente e histórico de colonização. Como consequência trechos de rios apresentam padrão de qualidade de água inferior ao recomendado pela legislação CONAMA Nº 357/2005.

Efeito da prescrição de pilates na reabilitação da tendinite patelar: um estudo de caso

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Leisa Lara

2010-11-01

Full Text Available O joelho é uma das maiores articulação do corpo humano e também uma das que mais sofre lesões. A tendinite patelar está associada com mais freqüência em atividades repetitivas e foi primeiramente descritas em atletas de salto em altura. O tratamento de tendinite patelar pode ser conservador ou cirúrgico. O método pilates é recomendado para ganho de flexibilidade, de definição corporal, e para aumento da saúde. Recentemente ganhou espaço e popularidade no tratamento de atletas na reabilitação. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a prescrição do método pilates na pós-reabilitação de um sujeito com tendinite patelar, caracterizando um estudo de caso clinico. Foram avaliados variáveis como flexibilidade,composição corporal, e aspectos de qualidade de vida utilizando o questionário SF-36. Foram aplicadas 10 sessões utilizando o método pilates. O que chamou atenção foi o aumento da flexibilidade que passou de 21,7cm para 33,7cm e também a melhora de alguns domínios do SF-36, como capacidade funcional, dor, saúde geral e vitalidade. Conclui-se que o método pilates é eficaz no processo de reabilitação, no ganho da flexibilidade e na melhora da composição.

Estratégia de tratamento do tabagismo na DPOC Tobacco smoking treatment strategy in COPD

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Paula Pamplona

2009-11-01

Full Text Available A cessação tabágica é uma das melhores formas de melhorar o prognóstico dos doentes com DPOC. Baseados na evidência actualmente disponível, todos os profissionais de saúde devem ter um papel proactivo e contínuo na motivação para parar e no tratamento para a cessação de todos os fumadores. O tratamento deve incluir farmacoterapia combinada com suporte comportamental e deve integrar o seguimento da doença respiratória crónica como recomendado no Plano Nacional de Prevenção e Controlo da DPOC. Os pneumologistas e os restantes profissionais de saúde devem receber treino que garanta conhecimento, atitudes e capacidades necessários para fornecer estas intervenções ou para referenciar a especialistas na área. No futuro próximo, unidades especializadas em tabagismo deverão fornecer assistência especializada, formação, investigação, divulgação e medidas de controlo na área de saúde de influência (hospital e cuidados de saúde primários.Smoking cessation is one of the most important ways of improving the prognosis of COPD patients. Based on currently available evidence professional health workers should take a proactive and continuous role with smokers, motivating them to stop smoking and providing treatment to aid smoking cessation. The treatment should include pharmacotherapy in addition to behavioural support and should be part of management of the patient’s chronic respiratory condition, as the COPD National Prevention and Treatment Programme recommends. Respiratory physicians and other professional health workers should receive training to ensure they have the necessary knowledge, attitude and skills to undertake these initiatives or to refer the smokers to a suitable qualified specialist. In the near future specialised smoking units should provide specific support, promote training, improve research and awareness and establish tobacco control measures in hospitals and primary health care centres.

Análisis de cocaína en diferentes muestras por cromatografía de gases con detector de ionización de llama (CG-FID

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Ángela M. López C.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En este estudio se realizó la validación de los métodos establecidos por la UNODC para la cuantificación y extracción de benzometilecgonina (cocaína presente en las hojas de Erythhroxylum coca, en té de coca y en clorhidrato de cocaína. El primer método de extracción, recomendado por la UNODC, es una extracción solido-líquido (ESL, sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos indican que esta no es lo suficientemente eficiente para lograr una señal de analito distinguible de la relación señal a ruido (S/N para las muestras de hojas de Erythhroxylum coca y té de coca. El segundo método propuesto es la extracción soxhlet, los resultados indican que esta resulta más eficiente para aislar y cuantificar el analito de interés por cromatografía de gases acoplada a un detector de ionización por llama (CG-FID. Después de someter las muestras al proceso de extracción soxhlet y cuantificación por CG-FID se encontró que la hoja de té posee 7,66×102 mg de cocaína/kg de muestra, las hojas de coca 17,15 mg de cocaína/kg de muestra y el clorhidrato de cocaína 7,15×105 mg de cocaína/kg de muestra. El método de análisis escogido se caracteriza por arrojar bajos límites de detección (0,169 mg/L y por poseer parámetros estadísticos y cromatográficos ideales.

AVALIAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA DO SUCO DE LARANJA IN NATURA COMERCIALIZADO EM VIA PÚBLICA NA ZONA CENTRAL DE SÃO PAULO-SP

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Daniel Ferreira Barros

2015-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a presença de microrganismos em amostras de sucos de laranja in natura coletados na zona central de São Paulo-SP e comparar com a legislação vigente. Foram coletadas três amostras de sucos de laranja in natura em diferentes pontos de venda. As análises foram realizadas para identificar a presença de mesófilos, fungos e coliformes, utilizando Ágar Triptona Soja (ATS, Batata Dextrose Ágar (BDA e teste presuntivo e confirmativo para coliformes. Os valores encontrados estavam acima do recomendado para bolores, leveduras e bactérias. Quanto à presença de coliformes fecais, houve ausência em todas as amostras, e presença de 50% pelo teste presuntivo e 33,3% no teste confirmativo para coliformes totais. Ressalta-se a necessidade da adoção de boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos.

Determinação de residuos de herbicidas em aguas utilizando extração em fase solida seguida de separaçaõ por cromatografia liquida e alta eficiencia

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Glaucia Maria Ferreira Pinto

1999-01-01

Resumo: O sucesso da produção agrícola depende da aplicação de substâncias químicas, os pesticidas, que controlam as pestes. Se por um lado a aplicação de pesticidas é indispensável, por outro lado, pode ser muito perigosa para o meio ambiente e à saúde humana. Os pesticidas podem ser transportados para fontes de água causando contaminações. No mundo, tem crescido a preocupação com a qualidade das águas e devido a isto, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de métodos para analisar estes cont...

Efeito do "horário do soninho" para redução de ruído na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

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Bruna Ribeiro dos Santos

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar e comparar os Níveis de Pressão Sonora (NPS no interior das incubadoras de UTIN com e sem a intervenção dos "horários do soninho". Métodos: Pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva realizada em UTIN de um hospital universitário. Utilizou-se dosímetro Quest 400 para a coleta de dados. A amostra constituiu-se de 261 horas de registros. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que nos horários determinados para a intervenção, os maiores níveis de pressão sonora equivalente médio (Leqmédio foram 58,5 dBA na sala A e 53,1 dBA na B, fora desses períodos obteve-se um nível de ruído contínuo equivalente médio (Leqmédio de 79,7 e 74,3 dBA, respectivamente. Conclusão: Nos períodos de intervenção os NPS estão em consonância ao recomendado pelos órgãos regulamentadores o que reforça a efetividade do "horário do soninho", porém os resultados demonstram a necessidade de melhorar o perfil acústico do micro e macro ambiente do neonato, visto que funcionam como um sistema interrelacionado.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade do rendimento de genótipos de arroz, mediante duas metodologias de avaliação na Colombia

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Cargnelutti Filho Alberto

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Utilizando-se os dados de produtividade de grãos, se avaliou a adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotipica de 12 genótipos de arroz sob condiçOes de solos com e sem inundação, visando a seleção de materiais com adaptação ampla ou especifica. 0ito experimentos foram conduzidos nos estados de Meta, Tolima e Huila, localizados na região leste da Colombia, durante os anos de 2005 e 2006. 0  delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetiçOes. Para a avaliação da adaptabilidade e estabilidade, utilizaram-se os métodos propostos por Eberhart e Russell, e Annichiarico. A anãlise de variãncia revelou a existéncia da interação genótipo-ambiente. As duas metodologias revelaram resultados semelhantes. 0 genótipo 400094 foi considerado adaptãvel e estãvel segundo as metodologias empregadas, e deve ser recomendado para as duas condiçOes de cultivo avaliadas.

O uso da silagem de subprodutos da filetagem de peixe na alimentação de suínos em crescimento parâmetros séricos

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Heloisa Baleroni Rodrigues de Godoy

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Para avaliar a resposta de suínos em crescimento a inclusão na ração, de níveis crescentes (0, 3,0 e 6,0% de silagem de subprodutos da filetagem de peixe (SSFP, foram avaliados os parâmetros séricos, uréia, ácido úrico, proteína total, triglicerídeos, colesterol total e lipoproteínas (LDL, VLDL e HDL. Utilizaram-se 18 leitoas da raça Moura e mestiças Duroc x Moura, com peso médio de 24,0 ± 3,0 kg e idade média de 70 dias e 18 leitões da raça Moura e mestiços Duroc x Moura, com peso médio de 31,5 ± 5,0 kg e idade média de 90 dias, em delineamento ao acaso com 3 tratamentos ( 0%, 3,0% e 6,0% de SSFP. Pelos resultados obtidos nos dois experimentos, pode-se concluir que a adição de até 6,0% de SSPF na dieta de suínos em crescimento, não afetou os parâmetros séricos avaliados mesmo com alterações encontradas nas concentrações de uréia plasmática em ambos os experimentos, todos os parâmetros encontraram-se dentro dos teores normais recomendados pela literatura.

Os principais delineamentos na Epidemiologia – Ensaios Clínicos

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Aline Castello Branco Mancuso

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Um estudo experimental tem como objetivo principal conduzir um ou mais tratamentos ou intervenções de modo a modificar, de alguma forma, um processo de doença. Esses estudos podem ser realizados em pacientes, sujeitos saudáveis, comunidades ou subgrupos da população. Para as comparações, pelo menos dois grupos são formados: um recebendo a intervenção nova (grupo experimental, e outro grupo com a intervenção padrão ou um placebo (grupo controle. Definir um grupo controle é uma das etapas mais difíceis, pois as características devem ser comparáveis em todos os critérios ao grupo experimental. Os resultados podem sofrer interferências, se a metodologia aplicada não for planejada adequadamente. Os sujeitos devem ser alocados de forma aleatória aos grupos. O “cegamento” também é recomendado, pois previne certos vieses. Além destes, o número de sujeitos é fundamental para a validade dos resultados. Contudo, a Ética na pesquisa deve prevalecer sob todas as circunstâncias. Um documento de consentimento (Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido deve ser entregue aos participantes contendo, entre outras informações, os objetivos, procedimentos, riscos e benefícios. No final do estudo, os participantes têm o direito de serem informados sobre os resultados obtidos.

ANÁLISE DE RESÍDUOS DE ATRAZINA E SIMAZINA EM ABACAXI NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS

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Khouri, Adibe Georges

2007-01-01

A cultura do abacaxi sempre se destacou na fruticultura, graças não só às qualidades deste fruto, bastante apreciado em todo mundo, mas principalmente pela rentabilidade da cultura, responsável por sua grande demanda e importância econômica. A necessidade e a ambição de se ter uma produção cada vez maior e melhor fazem com que haja o emprego, por vezes de forma errônea ou irresponsável, de determinados pesticidas, esperando assim, realizar de forma satisfatória a defesa da m...

Pesticides toxicity study using small mammals as bioindicators: comparison between conventional and biological agriculture

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Gaio, Vânia Isabel da Silva, 1988-

2011-01-01

Tese de mestrado. Biologia (Biologia Humana e Ambiente). Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2011 A poluição ambiental induzida por substâncias químicas é considerada um grave problema a nível mundial e o uso generalizado de pesticidas é, talvez, o tipo de poluição química mais preocupante da actualidade, afectando todo o planeta, incluindo a saúde humana. A agricultura é uma importante actividade na economia de muitos países, mas é, ao mesmo tempo, a grande responsável pelo aum...

Desarrollo productivo y cualitativo de maíz híbrido para ensilaje

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Carlos Boschini

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Desarrollo productivo y cualitativo de maíz híbrido para ensilaje. El experimento se llevó a cabo en la Estación Experimental “Alfredo Volio Mata” de la Universidad de Costa Rica, en agosto del 2002. Se estudió el crecimiento y la calidad bromatológica del maíz híbrido 3002 Wblanco (Pionner, 90% de germinación, recomendado para la zona alta de la provincia de Cartago. Se determinó la producción y contenido de materia seca por hectárea, proteína cruda, las cenizas, la fibra neutro detergente y las fracciones que la componen y la energía digestible, desde 70 hasta los 154 días de crecimiento. Los contenidos de proteína cruda y energía digestible fueron altos hasta los 84 días (>12% PC y > 2,8 mcal/kg ED y medios hasta los 112 días (> 9% PC y > 2,3 mcal/kg ED, con contenidos de materia seca inferiores a 15%, aún no recomendado para ensilaje. A los 126 días alcanzó un rendimiento de 17,9 t/ha, con 20% de materia seca, 7,9% de proteína cruda, 2,2 mcal ED/kg, 76% de fibra neutro detergente y 4,8% de lignina.

Níveis decrescentes de proteína em dietas suplementadas com complexo enzimático para coelhos em crescimento. 1. Desempenho produtivo

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Dias J.C.C.A.

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Estudou-se o efeito da redução do nível protéico da dieta, com e sem suplementação enzimática, sobre o desempenho produtivo de coelhos em crescimento. Em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, utilizaram-se 54 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, de ambos os sexos, desmamados aos 35 dias de idade e divididos em cinco grupos (tratamentos, quatro de 11 e um de 10 coelhos. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de dietas calculadas como isoenergéticas e isoaminoacídicas com 17, 16, 15 e 14% de proteína bruta (PB, suplementadas com 0,05% de um complexo enzimático comercial (VegproÒ , com atividade de protease e de celulase, e uma dieta controle com 17% de PB sem adição de complexo enzimático. Os animais submetidos aos tratamentos com 14 e 15% PB apresentaram melhores resultados no ensaio de crescimento, observando-se influência significativa (P<0,05 do teor de PB sobre o peso vivo final, peso vivo final metabólico, ganho de peso diário, consumo diário de dieta, consumo diário de proteína bruta e conversão alimentar. A redução do nível de proteína bruta da dieta para 14% com suplementação enzimática e corrigida quanto aos aminoácidos mais limitantes para os teores recomendados pela literatura não influenciou negativamente as características estudadas.

AVALIAÇÃO DA DISPERSÃO ATMOSFÉRICA DE COMPOSTOS ODORANTES EMITIDOS NA INDÚSTRIA PAPELEIRA

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Waldir Nagel Schirmer

2009-03-01

Full Text Available O caráter odorante de compostos reduzidos de enxofre (TRS, tipicamente emitidos na indústria papeleira, tem gerado grande interesse por parte dessas indústrias em predizer a qualidade do ar nas proximidades de suas fontes emissoras. Desse modo, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o impacto na atmosfera resultante das emissões de TRS de uma fabricante de papel e celulose de grande porte, por meio da modelagem dos compostos gasosos emitidos a partir de duas fontes pontuais (tomadas como as maiores contribuidoras. Para tanto, foi utilizado o “software” AID (Avaliação Instantânea de Dispersão baseado no modelo de Gauss para determinação das concentrações (no ar resultantes dessas emissões. Nessa determinação, foram abordados os principais parâmetros meteorológicos (dos últimos 3 anos e cinéticos de emissão necessários à modelagem. A máxima concentração de TRS obtida após a modelagem foi de 3,84 ppb (somatório das duas fontes avaliadas, ficando bem abaixo dos limites de percepção odorífera (LPO recomendado por órgãos internacionais (o Brasil não possui leis específicas para esse caso. Como os limites de toxicidade quase sempre estão bem acima dos LPO, é seguro afirmar que, no caso avaliado, a concentração máxima estimada não apresenta riscos de toxicidade à população exposta, uma vez, pelo valor obtido, nem o odor pode ser percebido.

Atualização da abordagem de infecção do trato urinário na infância

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Ana Cristina Simões e Silva

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Resumo Objetivo: A infecção do trato urinário (ITU é a infecção bacteriana mais comum na infância. A ITU pode ser o evento sentinela para alteração renal subjacente. Ainda há muitas controvérsias com relação ao tratamento adequado da ITU. Neste artigo de revisão, discutimos as últimas recomendações para diagnóstico, tratamento, profilaxia e imagiologia da ITU na infância, com base em comprovação e, na sua ausência, no consenso de especialistas. Fonte de dados: Os dados foram coletados após uma revisão da literatura e pesquisa no Pubmed, Embase, Scopus e Scielo. Resumo dos dados: No primeiro ano de vida, as ITUs são mais comuns em meninos (3,7% do que em meninas (2%. Os sinais e sintomas da ITU são muito inespecíficos, principalmente em neonatos e durante a infância. A febre é o único sintoma em muitos casos. Conclusões: O histórico clínico e exame físico podem sugerir ITU, porém a confirmação deve ser feita por urocultura. Antes da administração de qualquer agente antimicrobiano, deve ser feita coleta de urina. Durante a infância, a coleta de urina adequada é essencial para evitar resultados falso-positivos. O diagnóstico e o início do tratamento imediatos são importantes na prevenção de cicatriz renal de longo prazo. Neonatos febris com ITUs devem ser submetidos a ultrassonografia renal e da bexiga, Agentes antibacterianos intravenosos são recomendados para neonatos e neonatos jovens. Recomendamos também a exclusão de uropatias obstrutivas o mais rapidamente possível e posterior refluxo vesico-ureteral, caso indicado. A profilaxia deve ser considerada em casos de elevada susceptibilidade a ITU e risco elevado de danos renais.

Diferentes substratos na propagação por estaquia de assa-peixe (Vernoniapolyanthes Less

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J.A.O. GOMES

2015-01-01

Full Text Available RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a propagação vegetativa do assa-peixe Vernonia polyanthes Less utilizando estacas apicais e diferentes substratos. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de casa de vegetação com irrigação controlada na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP campus Botucatu- SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos (Solo de textura argilosa; 50% Solo de textura argilosa + 50% Húmus; Solo de textura média; 50% Solo de textura média + 50% Húmus; Solo de textura arenosa; 50% Solo de textura arenosa + 50% Húmus; Húmus e quatro repetições, sendo 10 estacas por repetição. As características avaliadas foram: comprimento da maior raiz, comprimento da parte aérea, número de brotações, porcentagem de enraizamento, volume radicular, nota para qualidade das estacas e massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott & Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o programa SISVAR ®. A partir da análise, observou-se efeito altamente significativo dos tratamentos utilizados para todas as variáveis analisadas, com exceção da massa seca da parte aérea, que não apresentou diferença significativa. Para obtenção de melhor enraizamento da espécie em questão, o recomendado é a utilização do substrato: solo de textura argilosa ou média, acrescido de húmus na proporção de 1:1.

Comparison of diet evaluation systems for cattle in an intensive beef production model. II - Creep-feeding

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Brito, Rodolfo Marques de; Sampaio, Alexandre Amstalden Moraes; Cruz, Geraldo Maria da; Alencar, Maurício Mello de; Barbosa, Pedro Franklin; Barbosa, Rogério Taveira

2002-01-01

Foram utilizados 29 bezerros lactentes da raça Canchim com 55 dias de idade e peso corporal médio de 107 kg, que receberam suplemento alimentar durante a estação chuvosa, visando avaliar o desempenho proporcionado pelos ajustes nutricionais recomendados por diferentes sistemas de avaliação de dietas. Os suplementos, à base de milho em grão moído, farelo de algodão e farelo de soja, seguiram as recomendações do Sistema de Proteína Metabolizável (MP), do Sistema de Proteína e Carboidratos Líqui...

Efeito de diferentes substratos na produção de mudas de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa

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Elisângela Aparecida da Silva

2009-09-01

Full Text Available A mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes é uma espécie frutífera nativa do Cerrado, que devido às características dos seus frutos apresenta enorme potencial de aceitação pelo mercado consumidor, além de apresentar expressivo potencial produtivo. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes substratos na produção de mudas de mangabeira em sacos de polietileno e determinar o melhor substrato para a propagação da espécie. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade Universitária de Cassilândia. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e 15 plantas por parcela. Foram testadas cinco misturas de substratos: A (areia lavada + Plantmax® + solo, 1:1:3 v:v:v; B (casca de arroz carbonizada + Plantmax® + solo, 1:1:3; C (casca de arroz carbonizada + húmus de minhoca + solo, 1:1:3; D (esterco bovino + Plantmax® + solo, 1:1:3, e E (esterco bovino + solo, 2:3. Foram avaliados os parâmetros: porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE, porcentagem de mortalidade, altura da muda (cm, diâmetro do colo (mm, comprimento da raiz (cm, número de folhas/planta, índice de clorofila foliar (CCI, massa seca, parte aérea da raiz e total (g/planta. As melhores características para uma muda sadia e de boa qualidade para pegamento no campo foram obtidas com os substratos D e E, sendo estes os recomendados para a produção de mudas de mangabeira em sacos de polietileno.

Effects of carbofuran and metsulfuron-methyl on the benthic macroinvertebrate community in flooded ricefields Efeito do carbofurano e metsulfuron-methyl sobre a comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos de lavoura de arroz irrigado

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Joele Baumart

2011-06-01

Full Text Available AIM: This study evaluated the effect of the insecticide carbofuran and the herbicide metsulfuron-methyl on the abundance and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in a paddy ricefield. METHODS: To achieve this goal, two pesticide treatments [the insecticide carbofuran (IC and the herbicide metsulfuron-methyl (HM] and a control (Co treatment with no added pesticide were established in an experimental area of the Plant Science Department of the Federal University of Santa Maria. Soil samples were collected in triplicate from each treatment 30 days before and 1, 10, and 51 days after the pesticide application, for macrofauna identification. RESULTS: Among the 21 taxa identified, Trichoceridae was present only in Co, Hydroptilidae was recorded only in IC, and Corixidae in HM. In Co, the most abundant group was Annelida, while in IC and HM Diptera (Chironomidae was dominant. Significant differences were observed between Co and IC, in the density of Odontoceridae (Control>IC and Hydrophilidae (ControlHM and Hirudinea (ControlOBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito do inseticida carbofurano e do herbicida metsulfuron-methyl na abundância e diversidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em campo de arroz irrigado. MÉTODOS: Para isto, dois tratamentos com agrotóxicos [o inseticida carbofurano (IC e o herbicida metsulfuron-methyl (HM] e um controle (Co, tratamento sem pesticida, foram aplicados em uma área experimental no Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Amostras de solo foram coletadas em triplicatas em cada tratamento 30 dias antes (DBA e 1, 10 e 51 dias após a aplicação dos pesticidas, posteriormente a macrofauna foi identificada. RESULTADOS: Vinte e um (21 taxa foram identificados, entre esses Trichoceridae esteve presente apenas em Co, enquanto que Hydroptilidae foi coletado apenas em IC, e Corixidae em HM. Em Co e IC, o grupo mais abundante foi Annelida, e em HM foi Diptera (Chironomidae que

On the rumors about the silent spring: review of the scientific evidence linking occupational and environmental pesticide exposure to endocrine disruption health effects Rumores de uma primavera silenciosa: uma revisão das evidências científicas sobre a associação entre exposição ocupacional e ambiental a pesticidas e distúrbios endócrinos

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Pierluigi Cocco

2002-04-01

Full Text Available Occupational exposure to some pesticides, and particularly DBCP and chlordecone, may adversely affect male fertility. However, apart from the therapeutic use of diethylstilbestrol, the threat to human reproduction posed by "endocrine disrupting" environmental contaminants has not been supported by epidemiological evidence thus far. As it concerns other endocrine effects described in experimental animals, only thyroid inhibition following occupational exposure to amitrole and mancozeb has been confirmed in humans. Cancer of the breast, endometrium, ovary, prostate, testis, and thyroid are hormone-dependent, which fostered research on the potential risk associated with occupational and environmental exposure to the so-called endocrine-disrupting pesticides. The most recent studies have ruled out the hypothesis of DDT derivatives as responsible for excess risks of cancer of the reproductive organs. Still, we cannot exclude a role for high level exposure to o,p'-DDE, particularly in post-menopausal ER+ breast cancer. On the other hand, other organochlorine pesticides and triazine herbicides require further investigation for a possible etiologic role in some hormone-dependent cancers.A exposição ocupacional a determinados pesticidas, particularmente ao DBCP e à clordecona, pode ter efeitos adversos sobre a fertilidade masculina. Entretanto, com exceção do uso terapêutico do dietil-estilbestrol, a ameaça à reprodução humana através da "desregulação endócrina" por contaminantes ambientais ainda não foi comprovada através de evidências epidemiológicas. A questão diz respeito a outros efeitos endócrinos descritos em animais experimentais, e apenas a inibição tireóide foi confirmada em seres humanos, após exposição ocupacional a amitrole e mancozeb. O fato de serem hormônio-dependentes os cânceres de mama, endométrio, ovário, próstata, testículos e tireóide motivou pesquisas sobre o risco potencial associado à exposi

Microbiological parameters indicators of the effect of diuron on soil microflora

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Vieira, Rosana Faria

1999-01-01

A biomassa microbiana (Cmic), a respiração básica (RB), as razões Cmic:Corg e o qCO2 foram usados para avaliar o efeito do herbicida diuron, nas dosagens de 0, 2 e 20 mig g-1 , na microflora do solo. O estudo foi conduzido em dois solos com texturas diferentes, e as avaliações, realizadas aos 0, 3, 10, 20 e 33 dias após a aplicação do pesticida. No solo mais argiloso, o Cmic e a razão Cmic:Corg forneceram resultados semelhantes quanto ao efeito prejudicial do diuron. A RB não foi afetada pelo...

Utilização de plantas como repelentes e inseticidas naturais: Alternativa de produção orgânica e sustentável na agricultura familiar

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Thiago Pereira de Sousa

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE As maiores perdas da agricultura são causadas em grande parte por pragas e doenças. A modernização da agricultura, após a segunda guerra, acrescentou, ao processo de produção de alimentos, a utilização de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas, além de fertilizantes e pesticidas químicos, tornando o sistema altamente dependente de recursos (insumos agrícolas externos às propriedades rurais. O uso freqüente e indiscriminado de produtos químicos, para o controle de insetos-praga, muitas vezes acarreta a presença de altos níveis de resíduos tóxicos nos alimentos, desequilíbrio biológico, contaminações ambientais, intoxicações de seres humanos e outros animais, ressurgência de pragas, surtos de pragas secundárias e linhagens de insetos resistentes, uma alternativa atenuar esses problemas é a utilização de substancias naturais extraídas de plantas. Os extratos vegetais com atividade inseticida representam uma alternativa importante de controle de insetos-praga em pequenas áreas de cultivo, como as hortas, situação na qual a produção de extratos torna-se viável.

Organochlorine pesticides residues and PCBs in benthic organisms of the inner shelf of the São Sebastião Channel, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rosângela Gorni

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Thirty seven benthic samples of the inner shelf area of São Sebastião, Brazil, were collected between April 1994 and August 1998 and analysed for seventeen chlorinated pesticide residues and PCBs congeners. Pesticide residues and PCBs congeners levels were low (ng/g and predominantly found in the crustacean samples. DDE was the most frequently residue with a maximum of 9,7 ng/g followed by HCHs with maximum of 17,1ng/g. As for the PCBs, the heavier congeners predominate: CB 138,153,170, 180 and 183. Maximum total PCBs was 17,4 ug/g in a crab sample. Higher levels of PCBs are related to feeding habits and local inputs of raw sewage or land runoff. Although EPA and FDA (U.S.A below the guidelines for human consumption propose these levels, they do show that even in marine areas without intense agricultural or industrial activities these compounds are present at detectable levels.Trinta e sete amostras de bentos da área interna do Canal de São Sebastião, Brasil, foram coletadas entre Abril de 1994 e Agosto de 1998 e analisadas quanto aos níveis de resíduos de 17 pesticidas organoclorados os congêneres dos PCBs. Os níveis de resíduos de organoclorados e PCBs foram baixos( ng/g e encontrados com maior freqüência nas amostras de crustáceos. DDE foi o resíduo de pesticida encontrado com mais freqüência apresentado um máximo de 9,7 ng/g seguido dos isômeros de HCHs com um máximo de 17,1 ng/g. No caso dos PCBs os congêneres mais pesados foram os predominantes: CB 138, 153, 170, 180 e 183. O valor máximo de PCBs totais foi de 17,4 ug/g numa amostra de crustáceo. Níveis maiores de PCBs estão associados aos hábitos alimentares e introduções pontuais de esgotos e água de drenagem urbana. Apesar dos níveis observados estarem abaixo dos recomendados para consumo humano pela EPA e da FDA( U.S.A ,eles demonstram que mesmo em área marinhas costeiras sem agricultura intensiva ou atividades industriais de porte , estes compostos org

Suicídio no Brasil, de 2000 a 2012

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Daiane Borges Machado

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivos Identificar as causas e o perfil das vítimas, analisar a mortalidade nos últimos 13 anos e mapear mudanças assistenciais e socioeconômicas. Métodos Utilizaram-se dados do SIM e Datasus. Calcularam-se as proporções das causas de suicídio segundo as categorias do CID10, X60-X84, estratificando-se por lesões (X70-X84 e autointoxicações (X60-X69. Analisaram-se as incidências por raça/cor, escolaridade e faixa etária, de 2000 a 2012. Compararam-se variações na mortalidade por suicídio com mudanças regionais nos indicadores de cobertura, características socioeconômicas e demográficas. Resultados As maiores causas de suicídio foram enforcamento, lesão por armas de fogo e autointoxicação por pesticidas. Os mais acometidos foram os menos escolarizados, indígenas (132% superior à população geral ou maiores de 59 anos (29% superior. As taxas entre homens são três vezes maiores em todas as regiões, embora tenha maior crescimento entre as mulheres (35%. A mortalidade mais elevada se encontra na região Sul (9,8/100.000 e o maior crescimento percentual, no Nordeste (72,4%. Conclusão A mortalidade por suicídio continua a crescer no país, com importantes variações regionais. A assistência à saúde também apresenta inequidades regionais, com importantes lacunas nos serviços de saúde. O Brasil ainda carece de programas governamentais que trabalhem efetivamente na prevenção do suicídio. Considera-se necessário estabelecer uma estratégia nacional de prevenção focalizando as populações de maior risco identificadas: índios, pessoas com menor escolaridade, homens e maiores de 60 anos, além da necessidade de ampliar a vigilância na comercialização ilegal de pesticidas.

MACRO simulator (version 5.0 for predicting atrazine herbicide behavior in brazilian latosols Simulador MACRO (versão 5.0 na predição do comportamento do herbicida atrazina em latossolos brasileiros

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Fernanda Carla Wasner Vasconcelos

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The knowledge of pesticides behavior is fundamental for understanding the environmental impact caused by these products. However, related field experiments are time consuming and expensive. The MACRO® simulator allows to predicting the leaching of pesticides through the soil profile and the possible environmental contamination. The objective of this work was to study the percolate behavior and the atrazine leaching in two contrasting Latosols using the MACRO® simulator. The MACRO® simulator was adequate to predict atrazine behavior under the studied conditions and it can be used for the risk evaluation of atrazine contamination in surface and underground waters.O conhecimento do comportamento de pesticidas é fundamental para a compreensão do impacto ambiental causado por esses produtos. No entanto, os experimentos de campo consomem tempo e investimento. O simulador MACRO® permite prever a lixiviação de pesticidas ao longo do perfil do solo e a possível contaminação ambiental. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar o comportamento do percolado e a lixiviação do herbicida atrazina em dois Latossolos contrastantes, usando o simulador MACRO® . A simulação pelo MACRO® foi adequada para prever o comportamento da atrazina sob as condições estudadas e pode ser utilizada para a avaliação dos riscos de contaminação por esse herbicida em águas superficiais e profundas.

Un análisis cuantitativo del uso de Plaguicidas en los campesinos colombianos: percepción del control y la confianza en este uso

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Juan C. Salazar

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Resumen Objetivo: Este estudio pretende explorar como los campesinos no usuarios de plaguicidas difieren en su conocimiento, actitudes y creencias y percepciones de control y confianza en torno al uso de plaguicidas comparado con usuarios de plaguicidas. Metodología: Colectamos 79 cuestionarios con hombres y mujeres adultas que son campesinos agricultores en San Cristóbal, Antioquia, Colombia. Examinamos las percepciones de estos campesinos sobre el daño de los plaguicidas sobre la salud humana y el medio ambiente. También se exploraron sus creencias, actitudes, percepciones de control y confianza relacionadas con el uso de los plaguicidas. Resultados: Los hallazgos difieren entre los dos grupos de campesinos muestreados: usuarios y no usuarios de plaguicidas. Los usuarios de pesticidas experimentaron menores percepciones del daño de los plaguicidas sobre la salud humana y el medio ambiente, menor percepción del control acerca de parar el uso de plaguicidas (el incremento de una unidad en control disminuyó el logit de usar pesticidas en un 74%, y menor confianza acerca de parar el uso de pesticidas comparado con los no usuarios de plaguicidas (el aumento de una unidad en la confianza, disminuyó el logit de usar pesticidas en un 64%. Discusión: Varios factores individuales influencian la salud ocupacional y la salud de los campesinos incluyendo la percepción del control y la confianza. Recomendamos que futuras intervenciones educativas en salud pública aumenten el entrenamiento sobre prácticas seguras y la confianza. Así los campesinos pueden ganar control en el proceso de implementar cambios en su comportamiento relacionado con la reducción del uso de pesticidas.

Concentración de pesticidas organoclorados en aire del sur de la cuenca del Plata: un año de muestreo

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Malena Astoviza

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Con el objeto de estudiar la concentración y distribución de plaguicidas organoclorados (POCLs en aire del sur de la cuenca del Plata se instalaron muestreadores pasivos de espuma de poliuretano (n=20 recolectados cada 3-4 meses durante un año.La concentración media anual de POCLs osciló entre 326 y 9000 pg/m3 con predominancia de endosulfanos (Endo  (40-98% del total. Los promedios anuales de Endo (230-8936 pg/m3  son superiors a los reportados para otros paises de la región  (Brasil, Bolivia, Chile y Colombia: 114-898 pg/m3. Los valores máximos alcanzados corresponden al período cálido, en zonas de mayor actividad sojera: Norte de Bs As y Sur de E.Ríos y Santa Fe (3072-21521 pg/m3.Las concentraciones de DDTs (12-235 pg/m3 resultan un orden de magnitud inferiores a las de sitios en los que se utiliza para combatir la malaria (India: 5356 pg/m3; sur de México: 2360 pg/m3 pero la relación DDT/DDE (1.1-6.8 > 1 encontrada sugiere un aporte relativamente fresco, posiblemente debido al uso de Dicofol que presenta residuos de este compuesto.Los HCHs presentaron una alta concentración en Zárate (801-8348 pg/m3 donde resultaron predominantes (66% del total con una relación ?/?HCHs ?7, similar a la de la mezcla técnica sugiriendo un aporte fresco.En la zona metropolitana se destacaron los clordanos (83-691 pg/m3 que representan 5-45% del total, especialmente en la Capital Federal, donde la relación trans/cis-clordano>>1,6 indica un aporte fresco.Se concluye que los POCLs presentan diferencias en su distribución espacial; alta concentración de endosulfanos en zona agrícola; heterogeneidad de pesticidas  y mayor concentración de clordanos en zonas urbanas. Los valores de las concentraciones  y de relaciones entre compuestos sugieren aportes frescos clandestinos, o transporte a gran escala.

Exposições ambientais e leucemias na infância no Brasil: uma análise exploratória de sua associação

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Jeniffer Dantas Ferreira

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo objetiva explorar as relações inaparentes que diversos fatores relativos às exposições ambientais e características individuais existentes em nosso meio possam ter no processo de desenvolvimento da leucemia na infância. A partir de um banco de dados clínicos e epidemiológicos obtido com estudo caso-controle de base hospitalar sobre fatores de risco para leucemias na infância, foi realizada análise multivariada exploratória por meio do emprego de análise de componentes principais e análise fatorial. Esta investigação é parte de um estudo multicêntrico nacional, que incluiu 292 casos de leucemias em crianças com idade entre 0 e 12 anos e 541 controles da mesma faixa etária, hospitalizados por causas não neoplásicas em hospitais gerais próximos aos centros de origem dos casos. As informações de exposições ambientais selecionadas foram obtidas por meio de entrevistas realizadas com mães de casos e controles, por meio de questionário padronizado. O modelo com maior poder explicativo da variância observada nos dados analisados foi da ordem de 52%, apresentando três fatores considerados mais adequados na predição da leucemogênese na infância, cada um incluindo variáveis com cargas fatoriais maiores que 0,6: fator "condições relacionadas a exposições químicas na gestação", o qual explicou 20% da variância final e incluiu as variáveis exposição a pesticidas, exposição a solventes e exposição a tintas na gravidez; fator "hábitos de vida durante a gestação", tendo explicado 17% da variância e incluindo exposição a tinturas de cabelo e cosméticos para alisamento; e fator "consumo de serviços de saúde durante a gestação", explicando 15% da variância e incluindo as variáveis tipo de parto (cesariana ou parto normal e uso de radiografia na gestação. Na análise de regressão logística, foi encontrada associação estatisticamente significativa entre o desenvolvimento de

Calidad fisicoquímica, microbiológica y toxicológica de leche cruda en las cuencas ganaderas de la región Puno –Perú

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Magaly Brousett-Minaya

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la calidad de la leche cruda en cuanto a sus propiedades fisicoquímicas, microbiológicas y toxicológicas en siete cuencas representativas de la región Puno. Los resultados fueron comparados con los estándares establecidos en la Norma Técnica Peruana para leche y productos lácteos NTP 200.001-2003 y con la Norma oficial mexicana NOM-155-SCFI-2012 para los parámetros de proteína y lactosa en ausencia de parámetros peruanos. Para la caracterización fisicoquímica se determinó pH, acidez, densidad, contenido de grasa, proteína, lactosa, sólidos totales y sólidos no grasos; también se realizaron análisis microbiológicos de E. Coli y mesófilos. Del mismo modo el estudio abarcó el análisis de residuos de pesticidas como son organoclorados, organofosforados, carbamatos y piretroides en concentración de 1,0 ug/g de muestra los cuales dieron resultados negativos para los cuatro grupos de pesticidas, las determinaciones fisicoquímicas en más del 50% de las cuencas (a excepción de acidez y pH se encontraron dentro de los estándares de la NTP y la NOM. La presencia de mesófilos en su mayoría fueron encontrados dentro de los parámetros establecidos a excepción de dos cuencas lecheras y en cuanto a E. Coli ninguna cuenca cumplió con las normas establecidas encontrándose una leche de baja calidad higiénica.

Parametri za procena na kvalitetot na polietilenska i na polipropilenska ambalaza i na gumeni zatvoraci nameneti za farmacevtski preparati

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Liljana Ugrinova

2002-03-01

Full Text Available Napraven e pregled na parametrite za procena na kvalitetot na polietilenska i na polipropilenska ambalaza i na gumeni zatvoraci nameneti za farmacevtski preparati. Za procena na kvalitetot na ispituvaniot materijal bea izvrseni fizicki, hemiski i bioloski ispituvanja spored postapkite dadeni vo Ph. Eur., DIN i spored DIN ISO standardite. Baranjata za kvalitet na ovoj vid ambalaza propisani spored Ph. Eur., DIN i DIN ISO standardite se razlikuvaat vo odnos na predvidenite parametri za fizicki, za hemiski i za bioloski ispituvanja. Isto taka, propisani se i razlicni granici na dozvoleno otstapuvanje na oddelni parametri.

Influência da maturação sexual na aptidão cardiorrespiratória em escolares

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Nara Michelle Moura Soares

2014-01-01

Full Text Available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2014v16n2p223   Níveis de aptidão aeróbica de crianças e adolescentes estão declinando em todo o mundo, enquadrando-se em risco para a saúde. No Brasil, aproximadamente, 60% dos escolares apresentam níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória abaixo do recomendado para a idade e sexo. O objetivo foi verificar a influência da maturação sexual e do nível de atividade física na aptidão cardiorrespiratória em escolares de ambos os sexos com idade de 9 a 14 anos. O estudo foi transversal com amostra composta por 747 indivíduos (47,12% do sexo feminino e idade de 9 a 14 anos, matriculados na rede pública de ensino. Os indivíduos responderam o PAQ-C e o questionário sobre maturação sexual, além de participarem do shuttle run test. Para verificar a influência no VO2máx,os participantes foram categorizados em pré-púberes, púberes e pós-púberes e de acordo com o sexo e a interação (sexo vsmaturação. Foi utilizada a ANOVA para comparar as médias dos estágios de maturação e para avaliar se o sexo e a maturação afetavam o VO2máx. Houve influência da maturação (p < 0,0001; Eta2= 0,069; power = 1 e do sexo (p < 0,0001; Eta2 = 0,059; power = 1 na aptidão aeróbica. O VO2máxentre os estágios de maturação foi diferente entre os sexos. A maturação influenciou o VO2máx com tendência decrescente e linear (p < 0,0001; Eta2= 0,221; power = 1 para o sexo feminino. Verificou-se influência da maturação e do nível de atividade física na aptidão cardiorrespiratória em escolares da cidade de Aracaju.

DATAS DE SEMEADURA PARA O CULTIVO EM SUCESSÃO SOJA-MILHO SAFRINHA BASEADAS NA PRODUTIVIDADE PARA AS REGIÕES DE MARINGÁ - PR E CHAPECÓ - SC

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Allison Massami Arakaki

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se neste estudo definir os melhores períodos de semeadura para o cultivo em sucessão soja e milho safrinha em sistemas de plantio direto e convencional para as regiões de Maringá (PR e Chapecó (SC baseado, principalmente na redução de produtividade. Foram utilizados dados meteorológicos de janeiro de 1991 a junho de 2015 pertencentes ao Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET dos referidos municípios.   Para a definição dos períodos de semeadura favoráveis considerou-se dois critérios: 1º baseado no estresse térmico, o período onde decêndio tiver probabilidade inferior a 20% de ocorrência de geada e temperatura media diária do ar abaixo de 10°C; e 2º baseado na redução da produtividade em decorrência do estresse hídrico, por falta de água para ambas as culturas, com simulações que variaram em função de diferentes datas de semeadura espaçadas num período de 10 dias e definidas de acordo com os resultados obtidos pelo primeiro critério. Concluiu-se que em Maringá, não há uma barreira climática para a sucessão de soja e milho safrinha. Para Chapecó, o plantio de milho safrinha é recomendado, desde que o ciclo não atinja o terceiro decêndio de junho.

Análise dialélica e depressão endogâmica de híbridos forrageiros de milho para características agronômicas e de qualidade bromatológica

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Israel Leite de Souza Neto

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a capacidade combinatória e a depressão endogâmica de híbridos de milho para caracteres agronômicos e qualidade de forragem. Foram avaliados nove híbridos de milho, 36 combinações F1 oriundas de um dialelo, nove populações S1 e duas testemunhas, em dois experimentos delineados em blocos completos ao acaso com três repetições, nas safras 2009/2010 e 2010/2011. Os genitores Impacto, CD304 e DKB390 são recomendados para a formação de um composto a ser submetido a um programa de seleção recorrente visando à melhoria na produção de forragem. Os cruzamentos entre o genitor Impacto e os parentais DKB390, P30P34 e P30B39 são promissores à melhoria da qualidade da forragem por meio da redução nos teores de fibra e aumento de proteína, sendo recomendados para extração de linhagens ou melhoramento interpopulacional. Foi detectada uma alta depressão endogâmica para rendimento de grãos, indicando que efeitos não aditivos contribuíram para a herança do caráter.

Determinação da carga física de trabalho na atividade de aplicação manual de herbicida / Determination of demanded physical effort in herbicide application activity

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Eduardo da Silva Lopes

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo determinar a carga física de trabalho e avaliar o esforço físico na atividade de aplicação manual de herbicida em plantios florestais, visando propor a melhoria das condições de conforto, segurança e saúde dos trabalhadores. A carga física de trabalho foi obtida por meio do levantamento da frequência cardíaca dos trabalhadores na execução das diversas fases do ciclo de trabalho e a atividade classificada conforme metodologia proposta por Apud (1989. Os resultados indicaram que a atividade de aplicação manual de herbicida foi classificada como moderadamente pesada, apresentando carga cardiovascular abaixo do limite máximo recomendado de 40% e não sendo necessário o estabelecimento de pausas adicionais de repouso.AbstractThe objective of this research was to determine and evaluate the demanded physical effort in the activity of herbicide manual application in forest plantations, proposing an ergonomic reorganization to improve the workers’ comfort, security, safety and health. The demanded physical effort was gotten in a survey of the workers’ cardiac frequency while executing the work stages, and classified according to methodology proposed by Apud (1989. The results indicated that the activity of herbicide manual application was classified as moderately heavy, featuring cardiovascular load below the recommended limit of 40% and there is no need to establish additional break in the work.

Remoção de fármacos e desreguladores endócrinos em estações de tratamento de esgoto: revisão da literatura

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Sérgio Francisco de Aquino

2013-09-01

Full Text Available O monitoramento ambiental dos chamados microcontaminantes ou micropoluentes vem ganhando grande interesse da comunidade científica desde os anos 1970. Nesse grupo de contaminantes estão incluídos fármacos de diversas classes, produtos de limpeza e higiene pessoal, substâncias aplicadas na produção de plásticos e resinas, pesticidas, hormônios naturais e seus subprodutos, entre outros compostos. A principal via de contaminação do meio ambiente com fármacos e desreguladores endócrinos (DE é o lançamento de esgotos in natura e tratado. Nesse contexto, este artigo compila dados de ocorrência de fármacos e DE no afluente e efluente de estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETE, discute os mecanismos envolvidos na sua remoção em ETE e faz uma análise comparativa da remoção de tais compostos em diferentes sistemas de tratamento

ANÁLISIS ESPACIAL DE LA VULNERABILIDAD A LA CONTAMINACIÓN DEL AGUA SUBTERRÁNEA DEL ACUÍFERO ASIA-OMAS

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Pulcha H., Jesús; Egresado de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (Perú).; Baldeón Q., Wilfredo; Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (Perú).

2015-01-01

En el presente trabajo se determinaron la Vulnerabilidad Intrínseca, la Vulnerabilidad a los pesticidas y la vulnerabilidad por intrusión salina en el área de estudio del acuífero Asia-Omas, empleándose las metodologías del Índice DRASTIC, y sus variantes Drastic Pesticida y Drastic Sea-DIndex respectivamente. En la determinación de la Vulnerabilidad intrínseca se identificaron zonas con moderada y alta vulnerabilidad, que representan el 34.39% del área de estudio, que se ubican en la parte m...

Gestión de cuencas y seguridad alimentaria en El Salvador.

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Mercado Mejía, Jorge Adalberto

2008-01-01

A partir de los años 60, los cambios en los modelos de producción en el área rural se han visto acelerados, con la introducción de las semillas mejoradas, los fertilizantes químicos y los pesticidas, lo cual produjo incrementos en la producción mundial de alimentos, debido a que las semillas, fertilizantes y los pesticidas producen efectivamente cosechas más abundantes, esta situación hacía suponer que se alejaba la escasez mundial de alimentos en relación al crecimiento poblacional.

Načrtovan porod na domu

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Todorović, Tamara; Takač, Iztok

2017-01-01

Izhodišča: Porod na domu je sicer star toliko kot človeštvo, pa vendar v veliki večini srednje in visoko razvitih držav prevladuje mnenje, da so zaradi nepredvidljivosti zapletov porodnišnice najbolj varno okolje za rojevanje. Kljub temu obstaja peščica držav, v katerih je porod na domu integriran v sistem zdravstvenega varstva (npr. Nizozemska, Velika Britanija, Kanada). Pri porodih na domu ločimo nenačrtovane in načrtovane porode na domu, slednje pa lahko nadalje razdelimo še na porode s sp...

Comunidade fitoplanctônica de um pesqueiro na cidade de São Paulo

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Mayla Matsuzaki

2004-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: A avaliação da qualidade da água e da comunidade fitoplanctônica em ambientes destinados à recreação permite estabelecer formas de manejo desses sistemas, evitando possíveis problemas à saúde humana. Assim, realizou-se estudo com objetivo de analisar a variação sazonal do fitoplâncton de um sistema lacustre natural, e sua relação com a qualidade da água. MÉTODOS: O lago estudado faz parte de um pesqueiro localizado na zona sul da cidade de São Paulo. Foram realizadas quatro coletas no período de um ano, em três pontos de amostragem. As amostras foram analisadas quanto à composição florística e às variáveis físicas e químicas da água. RESULTADOS: A análise qualitativa do fitoplâncton revelou o total de 91 táxons distribuídos em oito classes: Chlorophyceae (52%, Cyanophyceae (16%, Euglenophyceae (12%, Zygnemaphyceae (10%, Bacillariophyceae (5%, Xantophyceae (3%, Dinophyceae (1% e Chrysophyceae (1%. Alguns dos parâmetros físicos e químicos parecem ter influenciado o comportamento do fitoplâncton; a classe Chlorophyceae foi a mais favorecida pelas condições ambientais. Dentre as espécies de cianofíceas identificadas, destacaram-se Microcystis paniformis, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii e espécies de Anabaena, que apresentaram maior importância do ponto de vista sanitário devido à produção de toxinas. CONCLUSÕES: Algumas variáveis físicas e químicas da água interferiram na estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica. A presença de Microcystis paniformis, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii e espécies de Anabaena indicam o potencial tóxico e os possíveis problemas que podem ocorrer à saúde pública, caso esse ambiente não seja continuamente monitorado. Estudos adicionais são recomendados, com a finalidade de se evitar efeitos deletérios ao ambiente e à saúde da população.

Caffeine as an environmental indicator for assessing urban aquatic ecosystems Cafeína como indicador ambiental prospectivo para avaliar ecossistemas aquáticos urbanos

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Aldo Pacheco Ferreira

2005-12-01

eutrofização elevada. O monitoramento de cafeína será fundamental em ambientes aquáticos urbanos estressados, onde freqüentes rupturas acidentais de linhas de esgoto e descargas de efluentes não-tratados impedem a efetividade de avaliação da qualidade hídrica com os indicadores recomendados.

Consumo alimentar entre crianças brasileiras com idade de 6 a 59 meses Food consumption Brazilian children by 6 to 59 months of age

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Gisele Ane Bortolini

2012-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo foi avaliar o consumo alimentar em crianças brasileiras de 6-59 meses de idade, por região e zona de residência. Trata-se de estudo descritivo transversal com 4.322 crianças investigadas na Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde (2006/2007. Observou-se baixo consumo diário de verduras (12,7%, legumes (21,8%, carnes (24,6% e elevado consumo de refrigerantes (40,5%, alimentos fritos (39,4%, salgadinhos (39,4%, doces (37,8%, na frequência de uma a três vezes na semana. Comparando-se as regiões, as crianças residentes no Sul, Sudeste e Centro-oeste consumiram com mais frequência arroz, pão, batata, feijão, verdura de folha, legumes e carne, mas também consumiram, mais frequentemente, alimentos não recomendados para a idade, como doces e refrigerantes. Crianças da zona rural apresentaram menor consumo dos alimentos recomendados para a idade e, também, dos não recomendados, quando comparadas às crianças da zona urbana. O consumo alimentar evidenciado neste estudo não está de acordo com recomendações de alimentação saudável para crianças.The aim of this study was to assess food consumption in Brazilian children 6 to 59 months of age by region of the country and area of residence. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 4,322 children in the National Demographic and Health Survey (2006-2007. The data showed low daily consumption of leafy vegetables (12.7%, vegetables (21.8%, and meat (24.6% and high consumption (1-3 times a week of soft drinks (40.5%, fried foods (39.4%, salty snacks (39.4%, and sweets (37.8%. Comparing the regions of Brazil, children in the South, Southeast, and Central-West consumed more rice, bread, potatoes, beans, greens, vegetables, and meat, but they also ate more foods not recommended for their age, like sweets and soft drinks (soda. Rural children showed lower consumption of foods recommended for their age and also those not recommended for their age, as compared to their urban

Valor nutritivo de lanches consumidos por escolares de uma escola particular = Nutritional value of snacks eaten by private schoolchildren

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Mello, Aline Veroneze de

2016-01-01

Conclusão: O valor nutritivo de lanches consumidos por escolares, no horário do intervalo, de uma escola privada de São Paulo, aponta para a ingestão de energia e dos macronutrientes acima das recomendações do PNAE, com exceção de proteína para o sexo masculino, consumo de cálcio abaixo do recomendado e consumo excessivo de ferro. Apesar do baixo desperdício e das poucas crianças que compravam os lanches na cantina da escola optando por alimentos mais energéticos em comparação com as que levavam de casa, os resultados demonstraram inadequações que alertam para a necessidade do incentivo e da implementação de programas de educação nutricional nas escolas para contribuir com melhorias na qualidade de vida e na alimentação das crianças

Advances in life cycle impact assessment of pesticides: methodological improvements and experimental studies

OpenAIRE

Juraske, Ronnie

2007-01-01

El objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral es el de contribuir al desarollo y evaluación en la aplicación y exposición de pesticidas en plantas y su impacto sobre la salud humana y los ecosistemas. Los modelos ambientales usados para la evaluación de impacto en el análisis de ciclo de vida y en analisis de riesgo ambiental relacionan las emisiones con su impacto, combinando el destino y la exposición estimada y relacionandolo con información toxicológica. Los pesticidas liberados en aire, a...

Contaminação por compostos organoclorados em salsichas hot-dog comercializadas na cidade de Santa Maria (RS, Brasil Contamination for organochlorine compounds in hot-dog sausages, commercialized in the city of Santa Maria (RS, Brazil

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Stanislau Bogusz Junior

2004-10-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de monitorar os resíduos de compostos tóxicos em alimentos, verificou-se a freqüência e os níveis de praguicidas organoclorados (OC e bifenilas policloradas (PCBs em amostras de salsichas Hot-Dog, comercializadas na Cidade de Santa Maria, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS e, compararam-se os valores com aqueles estabelecidos pela Legislação. Para as análises, procedeu-se a extração da gordura das amostras. A partir da purificação desta, obteve-se um extrato do qual se determinaram os resíduos organoclorados por cromatografia gasosa com detector de captura eletrônica (CG - µECD63Ni. Verificou-se que o lindano e o HCB foram os pesticidas que apresentaram as maiores concentrações médias (0,001798ppm e 0,001652ppm, respectivamente. O somatório dos níveis médios dos pesticidas organoclorados detectados foi de 0,015783ppm, sendo que deste total 0,011165ppm pertencia aos metabólitos do DDT. Quanto as bifenilas policloradas, as maiores concentrações médias corresponderam às PCBs 10 (0,001817ppm e 28 (0,000317ppm. O somatório das PCBs foi de 0,002172ppm. As concentrações de praguicidas organoclorados e PCBs encontradas nas amostras analisadas estavam abaixo dos limites máximos permitidos pela legislação.With the objective of monitoring toxic compounds residues in food, the frequency and levels of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were verified in sausage samples, hot dog type, commercialized in the city of Santa Maria (RS, Brazil. Values were compared with the ones established by Brazilian legislation. For the analyses the extraction of fat from the samples was done. From the purification of the fat, there was acquisition of an extract in which was determined the organochlorine contaminants residues by gas chromatography with electronic capture detector (CG - µECD63Ni. It was learned that the lindane and HCB were the pesticides that presented the biggest concentration averages (0

Daño genético y exposición a plaguicidas en trabajadores agrícolas del Valle de San Quintín, Baja California, México Genetic damage and exposure to pesticides among agricultural workers from Valle de San Quintín, Baja California, México Danos genéticos e exposição a pesticidas em trabalhadores agrícolas do Vale San Quintin, Baixa California, México

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J. Claudia Leyva Aguilera

2012-12-01

find out if women are more vulnerable to this effect. A questionnaire was administered to 88 residents of the SQV to establish inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study; of these, 40 agreed to participate (25 occupationally exposed to pesticides and 15 environmentally exposed to them, with similar numbers of men and women. All participants signed an informed consent form. The micronuclei technique (MN was used, which blocks cytokinesis in peripheral blood samples, to evaluate GD by counting the number of MN and Chromatin Bridges in 1000 bi-nucleated cells (BNC. The results of this measure of genetic damage were then correlated with the degree of occupational pesticide exposure of the participants. Environmentally exposed men had less GD than women with MN means of 8.1± (1.83 and 13.1(±1.7 respectively, whereas occupational exposure affected both sexes, men with a mean of MN equal to 15.9 (± 2.9, and women with 18.12 (± 1.7. Based on our results, it can be concluded that occupational exposure to pesticides is a factor in GD, with women showing greater vulnerability than men. The time of exposure at work was shown to be directly related to the increased number of MN.Diferentes estudos mostram a capacidade que os pesticidas possuem para induzir dano genético (DG com diversos efeitos na saúde. Neste trabalho estudou-se a genotoxicidade em residentes do vale agrícola de San Quintin, Baixa Califórnia, México (VSQ, cujo objetivo foi determinar se a exposição ocupacional e ambiental a pesticidas nesta região é um fator DG e explorar se as mulheres são mais vulneráveis a este efeito. Aplicou-se um questionário a 88 moradores do VSQ para determinar os fatores de inclusão e exclusão no estudo, 40 concordaram em participar dos quais 25 com exposição ocupacional e 15 com exposição ambiental, com um número idêntico de homens e mulheres. Todos os participantes assinaram um termo de consentimento informado. Foi utilizada a técnica de micronúcleos (MN por

Atividade física na criança com diabetes tipo 1

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Cristiane P. Miculis

2010-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Abordar os aspectos práticos da realização segura de atividade física e esportes em crianças e adolescentes portadores de diabetes tipo 1. FONTES DOS DADOS: A pesquisa dos artigos foi conduzida em fontes de dados nacionais (SciELO e internacionais (PubMed/MEDLINE, assim como nas próprias referências dos artigos encontrados, adotando como limites: artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, preferencialmente conduzidos em crianças e adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1, sendo em sua maioria estudos experimentais e meta-análises sobre atividade física. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Com o metabolismo aeróbico, os músculos esqueléticos consomem maior quantidade de glicose para gerar energia, o que diminui a gliconeogênese hepática, levando a uma diminuição na glicemia e aumentando o risco de hipoglicemia. A reposição de carboidratos antes, durante e após o exercício em quantidade adequada e a redução da dose de insulina de ação rápida (pré-refeição são os principais aliados da criança e adolescente com diabetes tipo 1 para evitar a ocorrência da hipoglicemia severa. CONCLUSÕES: Para a reposição de carboidratos e a redução da dose de insulina, deve-se considerar o tipo, a duração e a intensidade da atividade física, bem como o horário de sua realização. A participação em diversos esportes, coletivos e individuais, e em atividades físicas de intensidades variadas é possível, sendo muito recomendado no tratamento do diabetes infantil.

Análise de desempenho do contrapiso autonivelante em relação ao sistema tradicional

OpenAIRE

Natalia Cerqueira de Souza

2013-01-01

Este trabalho pretende analisar o desempenho do contrapiso autonivelante, uma argamassa desenvolvida com uso de aditivos para ser bombeada e servir de base para execução de pisos e compará-lo com o processo tradicional de argamassa tipo farofa. O trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas: a primeira analisa três traços do contrapiso autonivelante para entender suas características, sendo um o traço normal recomendado pelo desenvolvedor do produto, o outro um traço com aumento na quantidade de água...

Programas preventivos com antibióticos para suínos em fase de creche e efeitos no desempenho, características de carcaça e índices sanitários

OpenAIRE

Everson Zotti

2008-01-01

O uso de “pulsos” ou “choques” com antibióticos tem sido recomendado e utilizado amplamente em toda cadeia de produção de suínos no Brasil. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o melhor programa preventivo com antibióticos dispensado na fase de creche, que tenha efeitos consistentes e duradouros até o abate, reduzindo potenciais riscos de perdas pelas principais enfermidades entéricas e respiratórias nas fases de creche, crescimento e terminação. O trabalho foi realizado e...

Níveis de mercúrio em atum sólido enlatado comercializado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro Total mercury levels in canned tuna fish commercialized at the Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil

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Allegra YALLOUZ

2001-01-01

Full Text Available No presente trabalho, estudou-se o nível de mercúrio em atum sólido enlatado, comercializado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisadas 39 amostras, pertencente a 5 marcas e lotes distintos, utilizando-se a espectrometria de absorção atômica pela técnica de vapor-frio. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que 53% das amostras apresentaram um teor acima do máximo recomendado, sendo que somente uma entre as cinco marcas estudadas apresentou todas as amostras com níveis dentro dos limites tolerados. Tais resultados demonstram a necessidade de um maior controle da qualidade destes produtos.The present study investigated the mercury levels in canned tuna fish, commercialized in the Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil. Thirty nine samples from five different makers were analyzed by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that 53% of the samples presented levels above the WHO (World Health Organization recommended value, and only one from the five suppliers presented all their samples below this level. Such results indicate that it urges a better quality control for this food.

AVALIAÇÃO DO DESPERDÍCIO DE ALIMENTOS NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DO ALMOÇO SERVIDO PARA ESTUDANTES DE UM COLÉGIO PRIVADO EM SÃO PAULO, SP

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Cilea Pikelaizen

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Na área de alimentação, o desperdício pode ser observado dentro dos cestos de lixo e no retorno das bandejas de refeição. O controle de resto avalia a adequação da quantidade preparada em relação às necessidades, à porção distribuída e à aceitação do cardápio. Nesse contexto, o objetivo foi avaliar o desperdício de alimentos de uma UAN em uma escola privada em São Paulo por meio do percentual de restos e sobras. A unidade estudada atende, no almoço, em média, 70 estudantes com idade entre 1 e 10 anos. Para avaliar o desperdício, foram pesados os restos e as sobras do balcão de distribuição. Após os cálculos, pôde-se fazer uma avaliação do desperdício da UAN estudada. A média do consumo per capita foi de 207,9 gramas (±28,6 e a média de sobras foi de 28,6% (±4,2, valores superiores ao preconizado como índice adequado. A média de restos dos 5 dias foi de 21,1% (±3,2, valor acima do recomendado. Sugere-se a implantação de medidas educativas, estipulação de metas de desperdício e uma melhor organização na distribuição das preparações dos cardápios, contribuindo para aumento do consumo e menor desperdício.

Na+-stimulated ATPase of alkaliphilic halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica translocates Na+ into proteoliposomes via Na+ uniport mechanism

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Soontharapirakkul Kanteera

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background When cells are exposed to high salinity conditions, they develop a mechanism to extrude excess Na+ from cells to maintain the cytoplasmic Na+ concentration. Until now, the ATPase involved in Na+ transport in cyanobacteria has not been characterized. Here, the characterization of ATPase and its role in Na+ transport of alkaliphilic halotolerant Aphanothece halophytica were investigated to understand the survival mechanism of A. halophytica under high salinity conditions. Results The purified enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of Na+ but not K+, Li+ and Ca2+. The apparent Km values for Na+ and ATP were 2.0 and 1.2 mM, respectively. The enzyme is likely the F1F0-ATPase based on the usual subunit pattern and the protection against N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide inhibition of ATPase activity by Na+ in a pH-dependent manner. Proteoliposomes reconstituted with the purified enzyme could take up Na+ upon the addition of ATP. The apparent Km values for this uptake were 3.3 and 0.5 mM for Na+ and ATP, respectively. The mechanism of Na+ transport mediated by Na+-stimulated ATPase in A. halophytica was revealed. Using acridine orange as a probe, alkalization of the lumen of proteoliposomes reconstituted with Na+-stimulated ATPase was observed upon the addition of ATP with Na+ but not with K+, Li+ and Ca2+. The Na+- and ATP-dependent alkalization of the proteoliposome lumen was stimulated by carbonyl cyanide m - chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP but was inhibited by a permeant anion nitrate. The proteoliposomes showed both ATPase activity and ATP-dependent Na+ uptake activity. The uptake of Na+ was enhanced by CCCP and nitrate. On the other hand, both CCCP and nitrate were shown to dissipate the preformed electric potential generated by Na+-stimulated ATPase of the proteoliposomes. Conclusion The data demonstrate that Na+-stimulated ATPase from A. halophytica, a likely member of F-type ATPase, functions as an electrogenic Na

Influencia de habitos alimentarios sobre las concentraciones de pesticidas organoclorados en tejido adiposo Influence of alimentary habits on organochlorine concentrations in adipose tissue

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Ijoni Costabeber

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Fueron evaluados los niveles de residuos de pesticidas organoclorados (p,p'-DDE, HCB, gamma-HCH, aldrín presentes en 123 muestras de tejido adiposo mamario obtenidas de mujeres residentes en Córdoba (España. Además, se investigó la influencia de hábitos alimentarios y edad de las donantes sobre los niveles de organoclorados encontrados en el tejido. El p,p'-DDE fue el compuesto encontrado en concentraciones más altas (1,848myg/g, seguido de HCB (0,235mg/g, aldrín (0,005myg/g y gamma-HCH (0,003myg/g. Las donantes mayores presentaron niveles de p,p'-DDE, aldrín y HCB superiores que las más jóvenes. Sin embargo, la edad no influyó en los niveles de gamma-HCH. La mayoría de las donantes (40,65% indicaron las frutas como el alimento más consumido, seguido de la alimentación variada (34,15%, los legumbres (6,50%, los guisos y potajes (6,50%, las verduras (4,88%, la leche (3,25%, el pescado (2,44% y la carne (1,63%. Una correlación no significativa fue observada entre los niveles de organoclorados en el tejido adiposo y los hábitos alimentarios de las donantes.The levels of organochlorine pesticide residues (p,p'-DDE, HCB, gamma-HCH, aldrin present in adipose tissue samples from mammary glands of 123 women living in Cordoba (Spain were evaluated. The influence of alimentary habits and age of donors on organochlorine tissue levels was also investigated. The compound found at the highest concentration was p,p'-DDE (1.848mug/g, followed by HCB (0.235mug/g, aldrin (0.005mug/g and gamma-HCH (0.003mg/g. The older donors presented tissue levels of p,p'-DDE, aldrin and HCB higher than those found in younger donors. Conversely, age had no influence on tissue levels of gamma-HCH. The majority of donors (40.65% indicated fruits as the most consumed food, followed by mixed food (34.15%, non-green vegetables (6.50%, stewed meat and vegetables (6.50%, green vegetables (4.88%, milk (3.25%, fish (2.44% and meat (1.63%. No significant correlation was

Polarization dependence of Na* + Na* associative ionization revisited

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meijer, H.A.J.; Meulen, H.P. v.d.; Morgenstern, R.; Hertel, I.V.; Meyer, E.; Witte, R.

1986-01-01

The dependence of the associative ionization process Na 3 2P3/2 + Na 3 2P3/2 → Na2+ + e- on the polarization of the laser light used for Na excitation was independently investigated in Utrecht and Berlin. The purpose of this paper is to clarify discrepancies between two other earlier experimental

Nutritional and therapeutic use of goat milk/ Uso nutricional e terapêutico do leite de cabra

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Horaci Jaqueline Silva de Souza Ribeiro

2001-05-01

Full Text Available This literature review had as objectives to describe the goats milk composition and its utilization in human feed. Due its good nutritional value, good digestibility and acceptability, and a low allergenic potential, the goat’s milk has been recommended for children, elderly and convalescent persons. However, it cannot be recommended to every child allergic to cow’s milk, because in some cases, serious threat to life can also occur with goat’s milk.Esta revisão de literatura teve como objetivo descrever a composição e a utilização do leite de cabra na alimentação humana. Por seu alto valor nutricional, boa digestibilidade, boa aceitação e um baixo potencial alergênico, o leite de cabra tem sido recomendado para crianças, pessoas idosas e convalescentes. Porém, o leite de cabra não pode ser recomendado indistintamente para todas as crianças alérgicas ao leite de vaca, pois a sua utilização pode causar, em alguns casos, sérios danos à saúde das mesmas.

Prescrições para tratamento de malária não complicada em gestantes na Amazônia Legal: evidências do Projeto Mafalda*

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Tatiana Chama Borges Luz

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Avaliar prescrições de antimaláricos segundo indicadores de qualidade e descrever relatos de eventos adversos entre gestantes com malária não complicada. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de prontuários de gestantes maiores de 15 anos, residentes em municípios de alto risco na Amazônia Legal. Antimaláricos caracterizados segundo frequência de prescrição, tipo de plasmódio e de unidade de saúde de atendimento, e de possíveis eventos adversos. Para comparação das variáveis estudas utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Foram avaliados 262 prontuários de gestantes. A maioria das gestantes pesquisadas recebeu diagnóstico de infecção por P. vivax (71,2%. Cloroquina foi o fármaco mais prescrito (65,6%. Fármacos não recomendados foram encontrados em 9,0% e 16,2% das prescrições para P. vivax e P. falciparum , respectivamente. Prescrições para P. falciparum , em proporção significativamente maior, contiveram esquemas e posologia e/ou duração do tratamento não adequados ao protocolo oficial (p = 0,001, bem como sem especificação da posologia (p = 0,004. Não houve diferenças significativas entre hospitais de referência e unidades básicas de saúde quanto aos esquemas de tratamento, proporções de prescrições contendo esquemas de tratamento não adequados e sem especificação da posologia. Cloroquina foi o fármaco mais envolvido em ocorrências de eventos adversos. Conclusões: Os resultados mostraram deficiências na prescrição de antimaláricos para gestantes, especialmente quanto à adequação ao protocolo oficial.

New guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of insomnia Novas diretrizes no diagnóstico e tratamento das insônias

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Luciano Ribeiro Pinto Jr

2010-08-01

Full Text Available The Brazilian Sleep Association brought together specialists in sleep medicine, in order to develop new guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnias. The following subjects were discussed: concepts, clinical and psychosocial evaluations, recommendations for polysomnography, pharmacological treatment, behavioral and cognitive therapy, comorbidities and insomnia in children. Four levels of evidence were envisaged: standard, recommended, optional and not recommended. For diagnosing of insomnia, psychosocial and polysomnographic investigation were recommended. For non-pharmacological treatment, cognitive behavioral treatment was considered to be standard, while for pharmacological treatment, zolpidem was indicated as the standard drug because of its hypnotic profile, while zopiclone, trazodone and doxepin were recommended.A Associação Brasileira de Sono reuniu especialistas em medicina do sono com o objetivo de desenvolver novas diretrizes no diagnóstico e tratamento das insônias. Nós consideramos quatro níveis de evidência: padrão, recomendado, opcional e não recomendado. Os tópicos abordados foram: conceito, avaliação clínica e psicossocial, indicação da polissonografia, tratamento farmacológico, terapia comportamental cognitiva, comorbidades e insônia na infância. Para o diagnóstico da insônia, foi recomendada uma avaliação psicossocial e a realização da polissonografia, enquanto que no que se refere ao tratamento, foi estabelecido como padrão a indicação da terapia comportamental cognitiva, e, quanto ao tratamento farmacológico, foi indicado o uso do zolpidem como hipnótico padrão, e sendo recomendado o zopiclone, a trazodona e a doxepina.

Pseudo-ternary phase diagram in the Na2O-Na2O2-NaOH system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saito, Jun-ichi; Tendo, Masayuki; Aoto, Kazumi

1997-10-01

Generally, the phase diagrams are always used to understand the present state of compounds at certain temperature. In order to understand the corrosion behavior of structural material for FBR by main sodium compounds (Na 2 O, Na 2 O 2 and NaOH), it is very important to comprehend the phase diagrams of their compounds. However, only Na 2 O-NaOH pseudo-binary phase diagram had been investigated previously in this system. There is no study of other pseudo-binary or ternary phase diagrams in the Na 2 O-Na 2 O 2 -NaOH system. In this study, in order to clarify the present states of their compounds at certain temperatures, the pseudo-binary and ternary phase diagrams in the Na 2 O-Na 2 O 2 -NaOH system were prepared. A series of thermal analyses with binary and ternary component system has been carried out using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The liquidus temperature and ternary eutectic temperatures were confirmed by these measurements. The beneficial indications for constructing phase diagrams were obtained from these experiments. On the basis of these results, the interaction parameters between compounds which were utilized for the Thermo-Calc calculation were optimized. Thermo-Calc is one of thermodynamic calculation software. Consequently the accurate pseudo-binary and ternary phase diagrams were indicated using the optimized parameters. (author)

Extracellular Na+ levels regulate formation and activity of the NaX/alpha1-Na+/K+-ATPase complex in neuronal cells.

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Emmanuelle eBerret

2014-12-01

Full Text Available MnPO neurons play a critical role in hydromineral homeostasis regulation by acting as sensors of extracellular sodium concentration ([Na+]out. The mechanism underlying Na+-sensing involves Na+-flow through the NaX channel, directly regulated by the Na+/K+-ATPase α1-isoform which controls Na+-influx by modulating channel permeability. Together, these two partners form a complex involved in the regulation of intracellular sodium ([Na+]in. Here we aim to determine whether environmental changes in Na+ could actively modulate the NaX/Na+/K+-ATPase complex activity.We investigated the complex activity using patch-clamp recordings from rat MnPO neurons and Neuro2a cells. When the rats were fed with a high-salt-diet, or the [Na+] in the culture medium was increased, the activity of the complex was up-regulated. In contrast, drop in environmental [Na+] decreased the activity of the complex. Interestingly under hypernatremic condition, the colocalization rate and protein level of both partners were up-regulated. Under hyponatremic condition, only NaX protein expression was increased and the level of NaX/Na+/K+-ATPase remained unaltered. This unbalance between NaX and Na+/K+-ATPase pump proportion would induce a bigger portion of Na+/K+-ATPase-control-free NaX channel. Thus we suggest that hypernatremic environment increases NaX/Na+/K+-ATPase α1-isoform activity by increasing the number of both partners and their colocalization rate, whereas hyponatremic environment down-regulates complex activity via a decrease in the relative number of NaX channels controlled by the pump.

A Study of the Distribution of Sodium Cations in the Zeolites NaX, NaY and ZnNaY Using Carbon Monoxide Adsorption and 23Na NMR Techniques

Science.gov (United States)

Seidel, A.; Boddenberg, B.

1995-03-01

The zeolites NaX, NaY, Zn(55)NaY, and Zn(74)NaY were investigated by means of carbon monoxide adsorption and with static and magic angle spinning (MAS) 23Na NMR spectroscopy. The Na+ distribution between the sodalite (ß)- and supercages of the fully hydrated zeolites NaX and NaY were found to agree with XRD results. In the hydrated zinc-exchanged zeolites the Na+ ions almost exclusively populate the ß-cages. The adsorption isotherms of CO in the dehydrated zeolites were analyzed quantitatively to yield the concentrations of Na+ residing in the supercages. The measured static and MAS 23Na NMR spectra were analyzed by comparing their widths and shapes with simulated central transition patterns and yield, inter alia, the concentrations of Na+ associated with the spectrum components. Arguments are put forward that 23Na NMR of dehydrated zeolites is well suited to distinguish Na+ cations in highly symmetric environments and mobile Na+ species from others located on general positions, but further resolution is hardly feasible.

HCO3(-)-coupled Na+ influx is a major determinant of Na+ turnover and Na+/K+ pump activity in rat hepatocytes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fitz, J.G.; Lidofsky, S.D.; Weisiger, R.A.; Xie, M.H.; Cochran, M.; Grotmol, T.; Scharschmidt, B.F.

1991-01-01

Recent studies in hepatocytes indicate that Na(+)-coupled HCO3- transport contributes importantly to regulation of intracellular pH and membrane HCO3- transport. However, the direction of net coupled Na+ and HCO3- movement and the effect of HCO3- on Na+ turnover and Na+/K+ pump activity are not known. In these studies, the effect of HCO3- on Na+ influx and turnover were measured in primary rat hepatocyte cultures with 22Na+, and [Na+]i was measured in single hepatocytes using the Na(+)-sensitive fluorochrome SBFI. Na+/K+ pump activity was measured in intact perfused rat liver and hepatocyte monolayers as Na(+)-dependent or ouabain-suppressible 86Rb uptake, and was measured in single hepatocytes as the effect of transient pump inhibition by removal of extracellular K+ on membrane potential difference (PD) and [Na+]i. In hepatocyte monolayers, HCO3- increased 22Na+ entry and turnover rates by 50-65%, without measurably altering 22Na+ pool size or cell volume, and HCO3- also increased Na+/K+ pump activity by 70%. In single cells, exposure to HCO3- produced an abrupt and sustained rise in [Na+]i from approximately 8 to 12 mM. Na+/K+ pump activity assessed in single cells by PD excursions during transient K+ removal increased congruent to 2.5-fold in the presence of HCO3-, and the rise in [Na+]i produced by inhibition of the Na+/K+ pump was similarly increased congruent to 2.5-fold in the presence of HCO3-. In intact perfused rat liver, HCO3- increased both Na+/K+ pump activity and O2 consumption. These findings indicate that, in hepatocytes, net coupled Na+ and HCO3- movement is inward and represents a major determinant of Na+ influx and Na+/K+ pump activity. About half of hepatic Na+/K+ pump activity appears dedicated to recycling Na+ entering in conjunction with HCO3- to maintain [Na+]i within the physiologic range

The effect of Na vapor on the Na content of chondrules

Science.gov (United States)

Lewis, R. Dean; Lofgren, Gary E.; Franzen, Hugo F.; Windom, Kenneth E.

1993-01-01

Chondrules contain higher concentrations of volatiles (Na) than expected for melt droplets in the solar nebula. Recent studies have proposed that chondrules may have formed under non-canonical nebular conditions such as in particle/gas-rich clumps. Such chondrule formation areas may have contained significant Na vapor. To test the hypothesis of whether a Na-rich vapor would minimize Na volatilization reaction rates in a chondrule analog and maintain the Na value of the melt, experiments were designed where a Na-rich vapor could be maintained around the sample. A starting material with a melting point lower that typical chondrules was required to keep the logistics of working with Na volatilization from NaCl within the realm of feasibility. The Knippa basalt, a MgO-rich alkali olivine basalt with a melting temperature of 1325 +/- 5 C and a Na2O content of 3.05 wt%, was used as the chondrule analog. Experiments were conducted in a 1 atm, gas-mixing furnace with the fO2 controlled by a CO/CO2 gas mixture and fixed at the I-W buffer curve. To determine the extent of Na loss from the sample, initial experiments were conducted at high temperatures (1300 C - 1350 C) for duration of up to 72 h without a Na-rich vapor present. Almost all (up to 98%) Na was volatilized in runs of 72 h. Subsequent trials were conducted at 1330 C for 16 h in the presence of a Na-rich vapor, supplied by a NaCl-filled crucible placed in the bottom of the furnace. Succeeding Knudsen cell weight-loss mass-spectrometry analysis of NaCl determined the P(sub Na) for these experimental conditions to be in the 10(exp -6) atm range. This value is considered high for nebula conditions but is still plausible for non-canonical environments. In these trials the Na2O content of the glass was maintained or in some cases increased; Na2O values ranged from 2.62% wt to 4.37% wt. The Na content of chondrules may be controlled by the Na vapor pressure in the chondrule formation region. Most heating events capable

Avaliação de software educacional para ensino aprendizagem de Inglês para a escola pública: coletando subsídios avaliativos

OpenAIRE

Maggioli, Denise Lage

2007-01-01

Esta pesquisa originou-se de uma inquietação minha como profissional da área de educação com respeito à avaliação de material didático, que hoje além de material impresso inclui também materiais ligados à área tecnológica, tais como softwares e cursos on-line. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar um software educacional (Tell Me More), recomendado para ser usado na rede pública de Ensino Fundamental e Médio à luz dos paradigmas educacionais apregoados nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais Líng...

Simulação geoestatística na caracterização espacial de óxidos de ferro em diferentes pedoformas

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João Fernandes da Silva Junior

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Os minerais da fração argila, goethita e hematita, são óxidos de ferro (Fe indicadores pedoambientais com grande influência nos atributos físicos e químicos do solo. O conhecimento dos padrões espaciais desses óxidos auxilia a compreensão das interrelações de causa e efeito com os atributos do solo. Nesse sentido, a qualidade das estimativas espaciais produzidas pode alterar os resultados obtidos e, por consequência, as interpretações dos padrões espaciais obtidos. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho dos métodos geoestatísticos de estimativas (KO e simulações sequenciais gaussianas (SSG na caracterização espacial de teores de óxidos de Fe, goethita (Gt e hematita (Hm, em uma pedoforma côncava e outra convexa. Foram coletadas 121 amostras de solos em cada pedoforma de um Argissolo em pontos com espaçamentos regulares de 10 m. Os teores de óxidos de Fe foram obtidos por meio de difração de raios-X. Os dados foram submetidos a análises geoestatísticas por meio da modelagem do variograma e posterior interpolação por KO e SSG. A KO não refletiu a verdadeira variabilidade dos óxidos de Fe, hematita e goethita, demonstrando ser inapropriada para a caracterização espacial dos teores dos óxidos de Fe. Assim, o uso da SSG é preferível à krigagem quando a manutenção dos altos e baixos valores nas estimativas espaciais é necessária. O desempenho dos métodos geoestatísticos foi influenciado pelas pedoformas. Os mapas E-type devem ser recomendados em vez de mapas de KO para os óxidos de Fe, por serem ricos em detalhes e práticos na definição de zonas homogêneas para o manejo localizado em frente de KO, sobretudo em pedoforma côncava.

Na/K pump inactivation, subsarcolemmal Na measurements, and cytoplasmic ion turnover kinetics contradict restricted Na spaces in murine cardiac myocytes.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Fang-Min; Hilgemann, Donald W

2017-07-03

Decades ago, it was proposed that Na transport in cardiac myocytes is modulated by large changes in cytoplasmic Na concentration within restricted subsarcolemmal spaces. Here, we probe this hypothesis for Na/K pumps by generating constitutive transsarcolemmal Na flux with the Na channel opener veratridine in whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Using 25 mM Na in the patch pipette, pump currents decay strongly during continuous activation by extracellular K (τ, ∼2 s). In contradiction to depletion hypotheses, the decay becomes stronger when pump currents are decreased by hyperpolarization. Na channel currents are nearly unchanged by pump activity in these conditions, and conversely, continuous Na currents up to 0.5 nA in magnitude have negligible effects on pump currents. These outcomes are even more pronounced using 50 mM Li as a cytoplasmic Na congener. Thus, the Na/K pump current decay reflects mostly an inactivation mechanism that immobilizes Na/K pump charge movements, not cytoplasmic Na depletion. When channel currents are increased beyond 1 nA, models with unrestricted subsarcolemmal diffusion accurately predict current decay (τ ∼15 s) and reversal potential shifts observed for Na, Li, and K currents through Na channels opened by veratridine, as well as for Na, K, Cs, Li, and Cl currents recorded in nystatin-permeabilized myocytes. Ion concentrations in the pipette tip (i.e., access conductance) track without appreciable delay the current changes caused by sarcolemmal ion flux. Importantly, cytoplasmic mixing volumes, calculated from current decay kinetics, increase and decrease as expected with osmolarity changes (τ >30 s). Na/K pump current run-down over 20 min reflects a failure of pumps to recover from inactivation. Simulations reveal that pump inactivation coupled with Na-activated recovery enhances the rapidity and effectivity of Na homeostasis in cardiac myocytes. In conclusion, an autoregulatory mechanism enhances cardiac Na/K pump activity when

Qualidade do tomate de mesa cultivado nos sistemas convencional e orgânico Quality of tomatoes cultivated in the organic and conventional cropping systems

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Sila Mary Rodrigues Ferreira

2010-03-01

Full Text Available A presença dos produtos orgânicos nas gôndolas das grandes redes de supermercados indica que existe um potencial de mercado para esses produtos, no entanto poucas são as informações técnico-científicas sobre eles. Em razão disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a qualidade do tomate de mesa cultivado nos sistemas convencional (SC e orgânico (SO comercializado na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. As amostras foram avaliadas pela massa, peso específico, cinzas, sólidos totais, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável total, relação sólidos solúveis totais/acidez titulável total, pH, vitamina C, nitratos, nitritos, multirresíduos, benzimidazóis e ditiocarbamatos. Os resultados da análise físico-química mostraram que somente na umidade os tomates não apresentaram diferença significativa ao nível de 5% quando comparados pelo Teste de Tukey. Em relação à análise toxicológica, não foram detectados multirresíduos e benzimidazóis até os limites de 0,04 mg.kg-1 e 0,1 mg.kg-1 de carbendazim, respectivamente. Nos resíduos de pesticidas do grupo químico ditiocarbamatos, foi identificado 0,01 mg.kg-1 (CS2 nas amostras de SC3 e SC4 do tomate de mesa cultivado no sistema convencional, abaixo do limite máximo recomendado (LMR de 2,0 mg.kg-1 (CS2 de mancozebe.The presence of organic products in the aisles of big supermarket chains indicates a market potential for these products. However, there is little technical and scientific information. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the quality of tomatoes grown under conventional (CS and organic (OS systems, on sale in the metropolitan area of Curitiba, Brazil. Samples were evaluated in terms of mass, specific weight, ash, total solids, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids/total titratable acidity ratio, pH, vitamin C, nitrates, nitrites, multiresidues. There were no significant differences between conventional and

Avaliação da contaminação do carbofuran nos solos do Distrito de Irrigação do Gorutuba Assessment of carbofuran contamination in soil of the Irrigation District of Gorutuba

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Edson de O. Vieira

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência da associação da presença do carbofuran no perfil do solo com a forma e o tempo de aplicação do pesticida e, ainda, parâmetros de eficiência dos diversos sistemas de irrigação utilizados no Distrito de Irrigação do Gorutuba (DIG em Janaúba, MG. Selecionaram-se 14 propriedades, que apresentaram grande variabilidade nos parâmetros de desempenho da irrigação e na distribuição do carbofuran no perfil do solo. Dos parâmetros analisados, o TAP (tempo de aplicação do produto, a QIAAP (quantidade do ingrediente ativo aplicado e o Perc (Lâmina de irrigação percolada, apresentaram nítida associação com a distribuição do pesticida no perfil do solo. Esses parâmetros mostraram que produtores rurais dentro do DIG, os quais aplicam água em excesso via irrigação mal manejada e utilizam pesticidas de forma indiscriminada, não respeitando as recomendações técnicas nem o período de carência entre as aplicações, podem estar poluindo seriamente o solo e, em conseqüecia a água, comprometendo, a médio prazo, a sustentabilidade de suas atividades.The work was carried out with the objective of verifying the association of carbofuran presence in the soil profile analyzing both form and time of application with efficiency parameters of irrigation systems used in the District of Irrigation of Gorutuba (DIG in Janaúba, MG. Fourteen rural properties were selected that presented a great variability in the performance of irrigation parameters and in the distribution of the carbofuran in the soil profile. The parameters TAP (Time of application of the product, QIAAP (amount of the applied active ingredient and Perc (Depth of percolated water, presented a clear association with the distribution of the pesticide in the soil profile. These parameters showed that farmers of the DIG, who apply excess water through irrigation and have bad management and also use

Na+/Ca2+ exchange and Na+/K+-ATPase in the heart

Science.gov (United States)

Shattock, Michael J; Ottolia, Michela; Bers, Donald M; Blaustein, Mordecai P; Boguslavskyi, Andrii; Bossuyt, Julie; Bridge, John H B; Chen-Izu, Ye; Clancy, Colleen E; Edwards, Andrew; Goldhaber, Joshua; Kaplan, Jack; Lingrel, Jerry B; Pavlovic, Davor; Philipson, Kenneth; Sipido, Karin R; Xie, Zi-Jian

2015-01-01

This paper is the third in a series of reviews published in this issue resulting from the University of California Davis Cardiovascular Symposium 2014: Systems approach to understanding cardiac excitation–contraction coupling and arrhythmias: Na+ channel and Na+ transport. The goal of the symposium was to bring together experts in the field to discuss points of consensus and controversy on the topic of sodium in the heart. The present review focuses on cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCX) and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA). While the relevance of Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiac function has been extensively investigated, the role of Na+ regulation in shaping heart function is often overlooked. Small changes in the cytoplasmic Na+ content have multiple effects on the heart by influencing intracellular Ca2+ and pH levels thereby modulating heart contractility. Therefore it is essential for heart cells to maintain Na+ homeostasis. Among the proteins that accomplish this task are the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and the Na+/K+ pump (NKA). By transporting three Na+ ions into the cytoplasm in exchange for one Ca2+ moved out, NCX is one of the main Na+ influx mechanisms in cardiomyocytes. Acting in the opposite direction, NKA moves Na+ ions from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space against their gradient by utilizing the energy released from ATP hydrolysis. A fine balance between these two processes controls the net amount of intracellular Na+ and aberrations in either of these two systems can have a large impact on cardiac contractility. Due to the relevant role of these two proteins in Na+ homeostasis, the emphasis of this review is on recent developments regarding the cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) and Na+/K+ pump and the controversies that still persist in the field. PMID:25772291

Altered Na+ transport after an intracellular alpha-subunit deletion reveals strict external sequential release of Na+ from the Na/K pump.

Science.gov (United States)

Yaragatupalli, Siddhartha; Olivera, J Fernando; Gatto, Craig; Artigas, Pablo

2009-09-08

The Na/K pump actively exports 3 Na(+) in exchange for 2 K(+) across the plasmalemma of animal cells. As in other P-type ATPases, pump function is more effective when the relative affinity for transported ions is altered as the ion binding sites alternate between opposite sides of the membrane. Deletion of the five C-terminal residues from the alpha-subunit diminishes internal Na(+) (Na(i)(+)) affinity approximately 25-fold [Morth et al. (2007) Nature 450:1043-1049]. Because external Na(+) (Na(o)(+)) binding is voltage-dependent, we studied the reactions involving this process by using two-electrode and inside-out patch voltage clamp in normal and truncated (DeltaKESYY) Xenopus-alpha1 pumps expressed in oocytes. We observed that DeltaKESYY (i) decreased both Na(o)(+) and Na(i)(+) apparent affinities in the absence of K(o)(+), and (ii) did not affect apparent Na(o)(+) affinity at high K(o)(+). These results support a model of strict sequential external release of Na(+) ions, where the Na(+)-exclusive site releases Na(+) before the sites shared with K(+) and the DeltaKESYY deletion only reduces Na(o)(+) affinity at the shared sites. Moreover, at nonsaturating K(o)(+), DeltaKESYY induced an inward flow of Na(+) through Na/K pumps at negative potentials. Guanidinium(+) can also permeate truncated pumps, whereas N-methyl-D-glucamine cannot. Because guanidinium(o)(+) can also traverse normal Na/K pumps in the absence of both Na(o)(+) and K(o)(+) and can also inhibit Na/K pump currents in a Na(+)-like voltage-dependent manner, we conclude that the normal pathway transited by the first externally released Na(+) is large enough to accommodate guanidinium(+).

Intensidade de ruído em hospital de 222 leitos na 18ª Regional de Saúde - PR Noise level in a 222 bed hospital in the 18th health region - PR

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Marcelo Henrique Otenio

2007-04-01

Full Text Available A poluição sonora ambiental torna-se hoje onipresente e beira o intolerável. Nos hospitais, os avanços tecnológicos trazem, como conseqüência, níveis de ruído potencialmente danosos. Muito do ruído no hospital provém mais de dentro, do que de fora desse ambiente, sendo as principais causas de ruído em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, por exemplo, os equipamentos e a conversação entre a equipe hospitalar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o nível de ruído nos diversos ambientes hospitalares, em Hospital de 222 leitos na 18ª RS de Saúde - PR. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Conduziu-se, em março de 2005 no período de 24 horas, em dez setores. Forma de Estudo: Aferição do nível de ruído ambiental utilizando um Decibelímetro modelo 1350. RESULTADOS: O nível de ruído encontrado em nosso estudo apresentou média total de 63,7 dB(A, que excede os valores máximos permitidos de 45 dB recomendados pela Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (1987. CONCLUSÃO: Nos setores analisados, o nível de ruído encontrado neste está consideravelmente acima do recomendado. A equipe hospitalar deve estar consciente do ruído e dos efeitos deste, para que possa atuar de maneira mais efetiva na redução da poluição sonora, beneficiando assim a função laborativa dos profissionais e recuperação dos pacientes.Environment noise pollution is common place today, at intolerable levels. In hospitals, technological developments have, as a consequence, potentially harmful noise levels. Much of the hospital noise comes from inside, rather than outside, and the major source of such noise is the Intensive Care Unit, for example equipment and hospital staff talk. Our goal with the present study was to investigate the noise level present in the different hospital environments, within a 222 bed hospital located at the 18th health zone, PR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out in March, 2005, during a period of 24 hours, in tem different

Active transport of Na+ by reconstituted Na,K-ATPase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boldyrev, A.A.; Svinukhova, I.A.

1987-01-01

The ability of ATP, CTP, ITP, GTP, and UTP to support ouabain-sensitive accumulation of Na + by proteoliposomes with a reconstituted Na/K-pump was investigated. At a low [Na + ]/[K + ] ratio in the medium (20 mM/50 mM), a correlation is observed between the proton-accepting capacity of the nucleotide and its effectiveness as a substrate of active transport. To test the hypothesis of the importance of the presence of a negative charge in the 1-position of the purine (3-pyrimidine) base of the nucleotide for mutual transitions between the Na- and K-conformations of Na,K-ATPase they used two analogs of ATP: N 1 -hydroxy-ATP, possessing proton acceptor capacity, and N 1 -methoxy-ATP, in the molecule of which the negative charge is quenched by a methyl group. The first substrate supports active accumulation of Na + in proteoliposomes at the same rate as ATP, whereas the second substrate is relatively ineffective

Investigation on U - O - Na, Pu - O - Na and U,Pu - O - Na phase diagrams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pillon, S.

1989-03-01

The thermochemical interaction between the nuclear fuel (uranium and plutonium mixed oxides) and the sodium has been investigated and particularly the three phase diagrams: U - O - Na; Pu - O - Na; U,Pu - O - Na. High temperature neutron diffraction, microcalorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction were used for the characterization of the compounds synthetized. This study allowed to complete the knowledge about each of these diagrams and to measure some physical and thermal properties on the compounds. The limits on the modelization of the fuel-sodium interaction are discussed from the results of the UO 2 - Na reaction [fr

Influência do treinamento resistido na qualidade de vida de idosas com hipertensão arterial sistêmica

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Rudolfo Hummel Gurgel Vieira

2012-02-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública em todo o mundo, afetando principalmente mulheres idosas. O hipertenso pode ter sua qualidade de vida (QV prejudicada em função das comorbidades inerentes à doença em questão. Dessa forma, o treinamento resistido (TR vem sendo cada vez mais recomendado como terapêutica não-farmacológica dessa moléstia, uma vez que contribui para redução de incapacidades em indivíduos com e sem doenças cardiovasculares. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a QV, dada pelos questionários genérico (SF-36 e específico (MINICHAL, em idosas hipertensas controladas submetidas a programa de treinamento resistido. MÉTODOS: O TR foi realizado durante oito semanas, três vezes por semana, em dias alternados. A intensidade do treinamento foi periodizada ao longo do treinamento. Para avaliação da QV, utilizaram-se os questionários SF-36 e MINICHAL, antes e após o programa de TR. Na análise estatística utilizaram-se os testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov para verificar a normalidade dos dados, bem como o t de Student, considerando significativo p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: A análise do SF-36 mostrou um aumento no valor médio de quase todas as variáveis analisadas, contrapondo-se apenas aos domínios aspectos sociais e saúde mental. Houve diferença significativa com relação ao estado geral de saúde (EGS (p = 0,02. Para o MINICHAL não foi observada diferença significativa nos domínios analisados, embora tenha apresentado redução do valor médio de todos os quesitos analisados. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados sugerem que o TR mostrou-se eficaz com relação ao domínio EGS pertencente ao SF-36. Em contrapartida, não foram evidenciadas alterações na QV das idosas quando avaliadas com o questionário específico MINICHAL.

Measurement of exchangeable sodium: 22Na or 24Na

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, T.; Edmonds, C.J.

1987-01-01

A case is made for the use of 22 Na in low activities in preference to 24 Na for routine diagnostic estimation of exchangeable sodium, and is based chiefly on considerations of availability, cost and radiation dosimetry. A method in which only 37 kBq (1 μCi) 22 Na is administered orally is shown to be sufficiently accurate and to possess distinct advantages in terms of cost and convenience with a committed radiation dose no greater than that for a measurement using 24 Na. (author)

DETERMINAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS DE COMPOSTOS ORGÂNICOS EM ÁGUA POR MICROEXTRAÇÃO LÍQUIDO-LÍQUIDO DISPERSIVA (DLLME) E GC-(TQ)MS/MS

OpenAIRE

Manoel Leonardo Martins

2010-01-01

A utilização de substâncias químicas, que por um lado gera benefícios, por outro é responsável pela contaminação do solo, água e alimentos.A preocupação com a contaminação de sistemas aquáticos superficiais e subterrâneos por pesticidas tem crescido no meio científico, em especial pela presença de pesticidas e outras susbtâncias químicas em mananciais de água. Dessa forma, métodos analíticos rápidos, sensíveis e eficientes têm de ser desenvolvidos para verificar se os níveis de concentraçã...

Suppression of Na interstitials in Na-F codoped ZnO

Science.gov (United States)

Huo, Wenxing; Mei, Zengxia; Tang, Aihua; Liang, Huili; Du, Xiaolong

2018-04-01

Controlling the formation of interstitial Na (Nai) self-compensating defects has been a long-term physics problem for effective Na doping in ZnO. Herein, we present an experimental approach to the suppression of Nai defects in ZnO via Na and F codoping under an oxygen-rich condition during the molecular beam epitaxy growth process. It is found that the incorporation of such large numbers of Na and F dopants (˜1020 cm-3) does not cause an obvious influence on the lattice parameters. Hall-effect measurements demonstrate that F doping efficiently raises the Fermi level (EF) of ZnO films, which is expected to make the formation energy of Nai and NaZn increase and decrease, respectively. Most of the Na atoms occupy the substitutional Zn sites, and the formation of Nai is suppressed consequently. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements reveal that F and Na atoms are tightly bonded together due to their strong Coulomb interaction. The enhanced deep level emission (DLE) in ZnO:Na-F is ascribed to the considerable amount of isolated Zn vacancy (VZn) defects induced by the elevated EF and the formation of neutral (" separators="| FO + - Na Zn - ) 0 complexes. On the other hand, formation of (" separators="| FO + - VZn 2 - ) - complexes in ZnO:F exhausts most of the isolated Zn vacancies, leading to the disappearance of the DLE band.

OGLAŠEVANJE NA DRUŽBENIH OMREŽJIH NA PRIMERU FACEBOOKA

OpenAIRE

Novak, Martina

2012-01-01

V diplomskem delu obravnavamo družbene medije kot novo priložnost za promocijo in oglaševanje podjetij. Spoznali smo družbena omrežja na splošno in nekaj teh, ki jih uporabljamo tudi v Sloveniji na kratko predstavili. Podrobneje smo se osredotočili na družbeno omrežje Facebook, predvsem na samo spletno stran, njen izgled in storitve, ki jih ponuja uporabnikom. V nalogi je podrobneje opisan Facebook kot orodje za uporabo oglaševanja. Spoznali smo brezplačne in plačljive načine promocije in ogl...

Benefits of automated acclimatization during the pre-milking phase of lactating girolando cows Benefícios da climatização automatizada na pré-ordenha de vacas girolando em lactação

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Irenilson M. da Silva

2011-10-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper was to evaluate the automated acclimatization effects during pre-milking of cows on thermal conditioning, physiology, milk production and cost-benefit of the automated adiabatic evaporative cooling system (AECS. The treatments 20; 30; 40 min and control consisted of exposure time of pre-milking cows to the automated AECS. Sixteen cows were used with an average daily milk yield of 19 kg, distributed in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The Tukey's test (PObjetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar os efeitos da climatização na pré-ordenha sobre o acondicionamento térmico, fisiologia, produção de leite e relação custo/benefício do sistema de resfriamento adiabático evaporativo (SRAE automatizado. Os tratamentos adotados foram os tempos de exposição dos animais ao SRAE no curral de espera, 20; 30; 40 min e o tratamento-controle. Utilizaram-se 16 vacas com produção de 19 kg de leite dia-1, adotando-se delineamento em quadrado latino 4 x 4 e comparação entre as médias pelo teste de Tukey (P<0,05. Foram registradas as variáveis ambientais temperatura de bulbo seco (Tbs e umidade relativa (UR a cada minuto, o que permitiu determinar a eficiência do sistema por meio do índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU. A frequência respiratória (FR, temperatura retal (TR e temperatura de pelame (TP foram medidas antes e depois da climatização. O tratamento 40 min permitiu manter as variáveis ambientais e os índices de conforto entre os limites recomendados. As variáveis fisiológicas (FR, TR e TP mostraram valores inferiores no tratamento 40 min, com aumento de 3,66% na produção de leite, quando comparado com o controle. O investimento promoveu acréscimo na receita mensal de R$ 1.992,67 com tempo de retorno do capital de 43 dias.

Caracterização de águas residuárias de suinocultura provenientes de dois sistemas de tratamento

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Tatiane Cristina Dal Bosco

2015-12-01

Full Text Available As águas residuárias de suinocultura apresentam características físico-químicas que variam de acordo com o sistema de higienização das baias, estádio de desenvolvimento dos animais, alimentação, condições climáticas, genética, entre outros fatores. No Brasil, o tratamento dessas águas residuárias, com elevada carga poluente, ocorre, geralmente, em esterqueiras e biodigestores. Na maioria das propriedades rurais, o destino final dos efluentes tratados é o solo. Pratica-se, portanto, o reúso de água na agricultura, que pode interferir na dinâmica de diversos poluentes no solo, como é o caso dos pesticidas. As águas residuárias apresentam-se na forma total e dissolvida, sendo esta a fração mais investigada atualmente na dinâmica desses poluentes. Neste sentido, objetivou-se utilizar a técnica de espectroscopia na região do infravermelho médio com transformada de Fourier na caracterização da matéria orgânica total e dissolvida proveniente de águas residuárias de suinocultura tratadas em biodigestor e esterqueira. Nos resultados, não foi possível observar diferenças na composição das águas residuárias pela espectroscopia infravermelha com transformada de Fourier. Entretanto, pode-se identificar a presença de materiais ainda pouco degradados e a ocorrência de grupos funcionais nitrogenados, que apontam para a liberação do nitrogênio no solo quando degradados, evidenciando o potencial de reúso dessas águas residuárias na agricultura como forma de fertirrigação. Palavras-chave: Infravermelho. Esterqueira. Biodigestor. Efluentes.

Na+,K+-ATPase Na+ affinity in rat skeletal muscle fiber types

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kristensen, Michael; Juel, Carsten

2010-01-01

Previous studies in expression systems have found different ion activation of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase isozymes, which suggest that different muscles have different ion affinities. The rate of ATP hydrolysis was used to quantify Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity, and the Na(+) affinity of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase...

Crystal structure of Na+, K(+)-ATPase in the Na(+)-bound state.

Science.gov (United States)

Nyblom, Maria; Poulsen, Hanne; Gourdon, Pontus; Reinhard, Linda; Andersson, Magnus; Lindahl, Erik; Fedosova, Natalya; Nissen, Poul

2013-10-04

The Na(+), K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) maintains the electrochemical gradients of Na(+) and K(+) across the plasma membrane--a prerequisite for electrical excitability and secondary transport. Hitherto, structural information has been limited to K(+)-bound or ouabain-blocked forms. We present the crystal structure of a Na(+)-bound Na(+), K(+)-ATPase as determined at 4.3 Å resolution. Compared with the K(+)-bound form, large conformational changes are observed in the α subunit whereas the β and γ subunit structures are maintained. The locations of the three Na(+) sites are indicated with the unique site III at the recently suggested IIIb, as further supported by electrophysiological studies on leak currents. Extracellular release of the third Na(+) from IIIb through IIIa, followed by exchange of Na(+) for K(+) at sites I and II, is suggested.

Malária não complicada por Plasmodium vivax e P. falciparum no Brasil: evidências sobre fármacos isolados e associações medicamentosas empregados em esquemas terapêuticos recomendados pelo protocolo terapêutico oficial Uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum malaria in Brazil: evidence on single and combined drug treatments recommended by official guidelines

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Letícia Figueira Freitas

2007-10-01

Full Text Available A malária é a endemia parasitária mais importante no mundo. No Brasil, 60% do território são favoráveis à transmissão, com cerca de 500 mil casos por ano. A doença não se distribui geograficamente de forma homogênea, fato que pode explicar diferenças na eficácia e efetividade dos tratamentos. Para identificar as evidências que poderiam ter embasado os tratamentos recomendados pelo Manual de Terapêutica da Malária 2001, foi realizada uma revisão dos estudos que abordassem tratamentos com antimaláricos no Brasil entre 1980 e 2005. Foram encontrados poucos estudos, e com baixa qualidade metodológica, nenhum deles capaz de gerar recomendações para protocolos baseados em evidência. Os artigos publicados após 2001 apresentaram nível de evidência maior, segundo classificação utilizada para definição de níveis de evidência farmacológico-clínicos. Espera-se que tais estudos também orientem conduta na próxima revisão do manual, prevista para o ano de 2007. Constatou-se que as referências do manual, utilizadas como base para recomendação dos tratamentos, são publicações desatualizadas e possivelmente consideradas clássicas, mas com pouca especificidade para região geográfica, população e/ou tipo de malária.Malaria is the most important endemic parasitic disease in the world. Conditions are favorable for transmission of the disease in 60% of Brazil's territory. Over 500,000 cases per year are recorded in the country. However, the geographic distribution is uneven, which may explain differences in the efficacy and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. We conducted an extensive literature review of antimalarial treatment in Brazil from 1980 to 2005 in order to identify evidence that might have been available for the 2001 Edition of the Malaria Treatment Manual, the official Ministry of Health guidelines. Only a few studies, of low methodological quality, were identified by the search. None of the studies would

¿Qué es un repelente de insectos?

Science.gov (United States)

Según la ley de pesticidas, estos productos son cualquier sustancia o mezcla de sustancias destinadas a lo siguiente: prevenir; eliminar; repeler; mitigar cualquier peste. (Mitigar significa reducir el efecto de algo).

Meltability in system of K2TaF7-NaF-NaCl-KCl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kartsev, V.E.; Kovalev, F.V.; Korshunov, B.G.

1975-01-01

Thermographic and visual-polythermal techniques were used to study the meltability in K 2 TaF 7 -NaF-NaCl-KCl system. The tetrahedron-forming sections NaF-NaCl-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl and NaF-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl-2K 2 TaF 7 xNaCl divide the concentration tetrahedron into three particular tetrahedra: NaF-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl-2K 2 TaF 7 xNaCl-K 2 TaF 7 , NaF-NaCl-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl-2K 2 TaF 7 xaCl, and NaF-NaCl-KCl-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl. Non-variant equilibrium points in all of the particular four-component systems have been determined

Avaliação do risco à cárie em escolares na faixa etária de 5-7 anos e da efetividade do uso de selantes na prevenção de lesões cariosas em molares permanentes recém-irrompidos

OpenAIRE

Cabral, Renata Nunes

2014-01-01

Selantes de fóssulas e fissuras são considerados como boa estratégia para a prevenção da cárie dentária. Crianças com risco moderado e alto à cárie dentária são aquelas para qual esse procedimento é recomendado. Desta forma, recomendase previamente à indicação da aplicação de selantes de fóssulas e fissuras, que seja realizada uma avaliação de risco. Este estudo foi dividido em duas partes sendo que a primeira objetivou testar a aplicabilidade de um novo formulário baseado no C...

Assessment of human health risk from organochlorine pesticide residues in Cidade dos Meninos, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Avaliação de risco à saúde humana por resíduos de pesticidas organoclorados em Cidade dos Meninos, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

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Carmen Ildes R. Fróes Asmus

2008-04-01

Full Text Available This article presents the results of a heath risk assessment in Cidade dos Meninos, an area contaminated with organochlorine pesticide residues located in the county (municipality of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR risk assessment methodology was applied. The following organochlorine compounds exceeded the established limits and were considered target pollutants: HCH and its isomers (in eggs, milk, and soil; DDT and its metabolites; trichlorobenzenes; trichlorophenols; dioxins and furans (eggs and soil. For all the substances studied (with the exception of trichlorophenols, the estimated doses exceeded the minimum risk levels for chronically exposed children and adults. According to the ATSDR classification, the area was considered an "urgent public health hazard" because of its high and serious exposure to substances that are dangerous to human health.Cidade dos Meninos é uma área localizada no Município de Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, onde ocorreu contaminação ambiental por deposição de pesticidas organoclorados. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo de avaliação de risco para a saúde da população residente, utilizando-se a metodologia de avaliação de risco à saúde da Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Os seguintes compostos organoclorados superaram as normas estabelecidas e foram considerados contaminantes de interesse: hexaclorociclohexano (HCH e seus isômeros (ovo, leite, solo; tricloro-bis-(clorofenil-etano (DDT e seus metabólitos (ovo, leite, solo; triclorobenzenos (solo; triclorofenóis (solo; dioxinas e furanos (ovo, solo. Para todos os compostos estudados, exceto triclorofenóis, na situação de exposição crônica, as doses estimadas estavam acima dos níveis mínimos de risco à saúde, para crianças e adultos. A área foi classificada como de perigo urgente para a saúde pública por exposição de

Active transport of Na/sup +/ by reconstituted Na,K-ATPase

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boldyrev, A.A.; Svinukhova, I.A.

1987-02-20

The ability of ATP, CTP, ITP, GTP, and UTP to support ouabain-sensitive accumulation of Na/sup +/ by proteoliposomes with a reconstituted Na/K-pump was investigated. At a low (Na/sup +/)/(K/sup +/) ratio in the medium (20 mM/50 mM), a correlation is observed between the proton-accepting capacity of the nucleotide and its effectiveness as a substrate of active transport. To test the hypothesis of the importance of the presence of a negative charge in the 1-position of the purine (3-pyrimidine) base of the nucleotide for mutual transitions between the Na- and K-conformations of Na,K-ATPase they used two analogs of ATP: N/sub 1/-hydroxy-ATP, possessing proton acceptor capacity, and N/sub 1/-methoxy-ATP, in the molecule of which the negative charge is quenched by a methyl group. The first substrate supports active accumulation of Na/sup +/ in proteoliposomes at the same rate as ATP, whereas the second substrate is relatively ineffective.

Relationship between intracellular Na+ concentration and reduced Na+ affinity in Na+,K+-ATPase mutants causing neurological disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Toustrup-Jensen, Mads Schak; Einholm, Anja P.; Schack, Vivien

The neurological disorders familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2), alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), and rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (RDP) are caused by mutations of Na+,K+-ATPase α2 and α3 isoforms, expressed in glial and neuronal cells, respectively. Although these disorders......, addressing the question to what extent they cause a change of the intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations ([Na+]i and [K+]i) in COS cells. C-terminal extension mutants generally showed dramatically reduced Na+ affinity without disturbance of K+ binding, as did other RDP mutants. No phosphorylation from ATP...

MOŽNOSTI VSTOPA NA TUJE TRGE NA PRIMERU PODJETJA AWOODTURE

OpenAIRE

Orličnik, Urša

2014-01-01

Danes pojavljanje podjetja samo na domačem trgu ni več dovolj. Spremembe okolja, naraščanje konkurence ter hiter tehnološki napredek, silijo podjetja k nenehnemu prilagajanju in iskanju novih priložnosti tako na domačem kot tudi na tujem trgu. Internacionalizacija podjetja tako postaja vedno bolj pomemembna za preživetje podjetja. Internacionalizacija se v najširšem smislu nanaša na vse oblike mednarodnega ekonomskega sodelovanja. Je dinamičen proces, kateremu nujno sledi sprememba stanja...

Sete décadas de evolução do sistema produtivo da cultura do milho

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João Carlos Cardoso Galvão

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho comparar o sistema de produção de milho, recomendado nos anos 40, com o atualmente empregado. Para isso, utilizou-se como base o artigo publicado por Antônio Secundino de São José, na Revista Ceres, em 1944, comparando-se as práticas agrícolas recomendadas para a cultura do milho na época com as atualmente empregadas. Naquela época, não havia preocupação direta com os aspectos conservacionistas de solo e água. Todavia, iniciava-se o processo de elevação da produtividade de grãos, com base no uso de mais insumos, todos obtidos na propriedade, como o esterco bovino, e de obtenção das próprias sementes. A cultura do milho era tratada de maneira individualizada, sem os conceitos de integração de lavoura, pecuária e conservação de solo e água. Atualmente, muitos conceitos recomendados há 70 anos ainda são utilizados na agricultura orgânica e familiar. Por outro lado, no cultivo em grande escala da cultura do milho utilizam-se os mais variados insumos, como fertilizantes sintéticos, herbicidas, inseticidas, sementes de híbridos (com ou sem eventos transgênicos, aplicação de fungicidas, plantio e colheita mecanizados. Conclui-se que nos últimos 70 anos ocorreram muitas mudanças no sistema de produção de milho e que estas mudanças foram fundamentais para que a produtividade aumentasse 3,79 vezes no período analisado. Todo o sistema de produção foi modificado em relação aos fatores de construção e proteção da produtividade, que por sua vez, deram suporte para que o Brasil chegasse a posição de terceiro maior produtor e exportador de milho do mundo, saltando de 5,6 milhões de toneladas em 1944 para 81,5 milhões de toneladas em 2013.

Na/K pump inactivation, subsarcolemmal Na measurements, and cytoplasmic ion turnover kinetics contradict restricted Na spaces in murine cardiac myocytes

OpenAIRE

Lu, Fang-Min; Hilgemann, Donald W.

2017-01-01

The Na/K pump exports cytoplasmic Na ions while importing K ions, and its activity is thought to be affected by restricted intracellular Na diffusion in cardiac myocytes. Lu and Hilgemann find instead that the pump can enter an inactivated state and that inactivation can be relieved by cytoplasmic Na.

Proposta de exercícios físicos no pós-parto: Um enfoque na atuação do enfermeiro obstetra Propuesta de ejercicios físicos en el posparto: Un enfoque en la actuación del enfermero obstetra Postpartum physical exercises proposal: A focus on the obstetrician nurse role

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessandra Bazaglia Martins

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Avaliar a utilidade de orientação dos exercícios físicos no período pós-parto pelo enfermeiro obstetra. Metodologia. Pesquisa bibliográfica de publicações nacionais e internacionais e busca de informação na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde da rede BIREME de Brasil e na biblioteca da Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto - FAMERP. Resultados. Na análise da literatura sobre o tema, mostrou que os enfermeiros obstetras dão orientações com respeito aos exercícios físicos recomendados para as puerperais, contribuindo à assistência integral das mães em puerpério; e também oferecem educação no auto-cuidado, prevenção e detecção precoce de complicações. Todo o anterior, redunda na melhoria da qualidade de vida e da imagem corporal das puerperais. Conclusão. A prática de exercícios físicos no puerpério pode ser orientada pelo enfermeiro obstetra e se deve incluir entre as intervenções para assistência integral às mulheres durante o ciclo gravídico-puerpério.Objetivo. Evaluar la utilidad de la orientación de los ejercicios físicos en el periodo postparto por el enfermero obstetra. Metodología. Investigación bibliográfica de publicaciones nacionales e internacionales y búsqueda de información en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud de la red BIREME de Brasil y en la biblioteca de la Facultad de Medicina de Sao José do Rio Preto - FAMERP. Resultados. El análisis de la literatura sobre el tema mostró que los enfermeros obstetras dan orientaciones respecto a los ejercicios físicos recomendados para las puérperas contribuyendo a la asistencia integral de las madres en puerperio; y que también ofrecen educación en el autocuidado, prevención y detección precoz de complicaciones. Todo lo anterior redunda en la mejoría de la calidad de vida y de la imagen corporal de las puérperas. Conclusión. La práctica de ejercicios físicos en el puerperio puede ser orientada por el enfermero obstetra y se

Vpliv toplotnih mostov na porabo energije za ogrevanje na primeru osnovne šole

OpenAIRE

Megušar, Primož

2015-01-01

Na primeru Osnovne šole Dobrova sem preveril, kakšen vpliv imajo dejanski toplotni mostovi na porabo energije za ogrevanje. Iz načrtov stavbe sem evidentiral vse toplotne mostove, kateri vplivajo na porabo energije. Tem toplotnim mostovom sem nato v standardu SIST EN ISO 14683 poiskal ustrezne približke. Nato sem s programom TOST izvedel tri simulacije. V prvem primeru toplotnih mostov nisem upošteval. V drugem primeru sem toplotne mostove upošteval na poenostavljen način, v zadnjem primeru p...

Na and K dependence of the Na/K pump in cystic fibrosis fibroblasts.

OpenAIRE

Reznik, V M; Schneider, J A; Mendoza, S A

1981-01-01

The Na and K dependence of the Na/K pump was measured in skin fibroblasts from patients with cystic fibrosis and age/sex-matched controls. Under basal conditions, there was no difference between control and cystic fibrosis cells in protein per cell, intracellular Na and K content, or Na/K pump activity (measured as ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake). There was no difference in the Na dependence of the Na/K pump between cystic fibrosis cells and control cells. In cells from patients with cystic fi...

Vliv mikroflóry na senzorické vlastnosti vína

OpenAIRE

Petrášová, Ludmila

2014-01-01

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá vlivem mikroflóry na senzorické vlastnosti vína. Teoretická část informuje o botanickém popisu hroznů vína Veltlínské zelené, dále o jeho složení, o technologii zpracování bílého vína a o vlivu kvasinek na aromatický profil vína. V další části popisuje metodu stanovení aromaticky aktivních látek pomocí plynové chromatografie v kombinaci s mikroextrakcí tuhou fází (SPME-GC). Cílem experimentální části bylo proměřit vzorky 4 různých moštů odrůdy Veltlínské zelené...

Manejo de Diabrotica speciosa com atrativos naturais em horta orgânica Natural attractios for management of Diabrotica speciosa in a organic home garden

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João José Stüpp

2006-12-01

Full Text Available O controle de insetos associados ao cultivo de hortaliças é predominantemente realizado através de pesticidas sintéticos. Entretanto, os riscos do uso indiscriminado dos pesticidas sobre a saúde humana e o meio ambiente deve ser considerado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a eficácia de atrativos naturais no controle da vaquinha Diabrotica speciosa (Germar (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, uma praga de importância econômica na América Latina. Os seguintes tratamentos foram testados: raiz de taiuiá (Cayaponia sp, frutos verdes de porongo/cuia (Lagenaria sp, extrato de folhas de couve-chinesa (Brassica pekinensis, fermentado de frutas, vinagre tinto e água como testemunha. O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso, com seis repetições. Os preparados foram acondicionados em armadilhas com garrafas PET de 2.000 ml, com oito aberturas laterais e distribuídas aleatoriamente na área experimental. Frutos verdes de porongo apresentaram captura de adultos de D. speciosa 5,4 vezes maior que raízes de taiuiá e as raízes de taiuiá capturaram 19,7 vezes mais adultos do que a testemunha. Ambas as iscas foram acondicionadas na forma sólida, suspensas internamente na garrafa PET. A menor atratividade foi apresentada pelo extrato aquoso de couve-chinesa, que não diferiu da testemunha. Independentemente do atrativo utilizado, o pico populacional da D. speciosa ocorreu nos meses de fevereiro e março.The control of insects associated with home garden vegetable crops is usually done by sintetic pesticides. However, the risks of the indiscriminate use of pesticides on human health and the environment need to be considered. The objective of this work was to study the attractive efficacy of natural substances on D. speciosa, a very important pest in Latin America. The following treatments were tested: roots of Cayaponia sp., green fruits of Lagenaria sp., water extract of Brassica pekinensis, extract of fermented fruits, red vinegar and water as a

Study of the Na-C-O and Na-H-O ternary systems in the sodium rich corner

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maupre, J.-P.

1978-02-01

The purpose of this study is to provide a contribution to the understanding of the sodium - carbon - oxygen and sodium - hydrogen - oxygen ternary systems in the sodium rich corner. In order to do this the Na-NaH-Na 2 O-NaOH phase diagram was completed and the Na-Na 2 O-Na 2 CO 3 -C phase diagram was outlined. This work is made up of two parts. The first is devoted to a critical literature survey essential to establish correct phase diagrams. The second is an experimental study followed by a discussion collating our finding to the literary data. The basic experimental technique used is differential thermal analysis (DTA) but it has been completed by quenching, X-ray and chemical analysis methods. The proposed phase diagrams imply that Na-NaH-Na 2 O-NaOH and Na-Na 2 O-Na 2 CO 3 -C systems are reciprocal ternary systems. Temperatures of stable pairs reversal are respectively 410 and 690 0 C. The stable pairs are Na-NaOH and Na-Na 2 CO 3 at elevated temperature, Na 2 O-NaH and Na 2 O-C at low temperature [fr

Response of saliva Na/K ratio to changing Na supply of lactating cows under tropical conditions.

Science.gov (United States)

Thiangtum, Wandee; Schonewille, J Thomas; Verstegen, Martin Wa; Arsawakulsudhi, Supot; Rukkwamsuk, Theera; Hendriks, Wouter H

2017-06-01

Factorial determination of the sodium (Na) requirement of heat-stressed lactating cows is hindered by accurate estimates of the Na losses through sweat. Direct studies, therefore, may be needed requiring information on the time course of healthy animals to become Na depleted and the subsequent rate of repletion. The rate of Na depletion and subsequent rate of Na repletion with two levels of dietary Na to lactating dairy cows housed under tropical conditions were investigated using the salivary Na/K. The 12 lactating cows (salivary Na/K ratio 14.6) rapidly developed clinical signs of Na deficiency, including pica, polyuria and polydipsia, reduced body weight and reduced milk yield when fed a low-Na ration (0.33 g kg -1 dry matter (DM)) for 3 weeks. Deficiency symptoms were associated with a rapid decrease in salivary Na/K ratio to cows with NaCl to a ration concentration of 1.1 or 1.6 g Na kg -1 DM for 5 weeks did not restore salivary Na/K ratio to values of >6. A daily Na intake of heat-stressed lactating cows to a ration intake of 1.6 g Na kg -1 DM was insufficient to restore Na deficiency. One week was sufficient to deplete heat-stressed lactating cows of Na, allowing for rapid dose-response studies utilizing the salivary Na/K ratio as a parameter for Na status of cows under tropical conditions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Câncer de mama na gravidez e quimioterapia: revisão sistemática Breast cancer during pregnancy and chemotherapy: a systematic review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Denise Leite Maia Monteiro

2013-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo é estabelecer a segurança do uso da quimioterapia na gestante portadora de câncer de mama e verificar as possíveis intercorrências no feto. Para identificação de publicações foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados: MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Cochrane, Uptodate e Google acadêmico. A busca totalizou 86 artigos publicados de 2001 a 2012, que foram avaliados por dois revisores obedecendo aos critérios de exclusão e inclusão pré-estabelecidos, sendo selecionados 39 artigos para a elaboração deste estudo. Todos os quimioterápicos utilizados no tratamento do câncer de mama na gravidez pertencem à categoria D, consistindo no uso de 5-fluorouracil (F, doxorrubicina (A ou epirrubicina (E e ciclofosfamida (C ou na combinação de doxorrubicina e ciclofosfamida (AC, método seguro quando utilizado após o primeiro trimestre da gestação. Poucos estudos avaliaram o uso de taxanos (T como docetaxel (D e paclitaxel (P, não sendo demonstrado aumento da ocorrência de malformações fetais e outras complicações maternas quando utilizados no segundo e terceiro trimestres da gestação. O uso do trastuzumabe em gestantes encontra-se associado à oligodramnia e adramnia, não sendo recomendado na gravidez. Em função da quase totalidade dos estudos serem observacionais e retrospectivos, torna-se necessário a confecção de novos estudos prospectivos sobre o tema.This study aimed to establish the safety of chemotherapy use in pregnant women with breast cancer, and to find possible effects in the fetus. A search of MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Cochrane, UpToDate, and Google Scholar databases was performed to identify publications, 86 articles published from 2001 to 2012 were retrieved and evaluated by two readers in accordance predetermined exclusion and inclusion criteria; 39 articles were selected. All the chemotherapy drugs used to treat breast cancer during pregnancy belonged to class D, and

Glutathionylation-Dependence of Na+-K+-Pump Currents Can Mimic Reduced Subsarcolemmal Na+ Diffusion

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia, Alvaro; Liu, Chia-Chi; Cornelius, Flemming; Clarke, Ronald J.; Rasmussen, Helge H.

2016-01-01

The existence of a subsarcolemmal space with restricted diffusion for Na+ in cardiac myocytes has been inferred from a transient peak electrogenic Na+-K+ pump current beyond steady state on reexposure of myocytes to K+ after a period of exposure to K+-free extracellular solution. The transient peak current is attributed to enhanced electrogenic pumping of Na+ that accumulated in the diffusion-restricted space during pump inhibition in K+-free extracellular solution. However, there are no known physical barriers that account for such restricted Na+ diffusion, and we examined if changes of activity of the Na+-K+ pump itself cause the transient peak current. Reexposure to K+ reproduced a transient current beyond steady state in voltage-clamped ventricular myocytes as reported by others. Persistence of it when the Na+ concentration in patch pipette solutions perfusing the intracellular compartment was high and elimination of it with K+-free pipette solution could not be reconciled with restricted subsarcolemmal Na+ diffusion. The pattern of the transient current early after pump activation was dependent on transmembrane Na+- and K+ concentration gradients suggesting the currents were related to the conformational poise imposed on the pump. We examined if the currents might be accounted for by changes in glutathionylation of the β1 Na+-K+ pump subunit, a reversible oxidative modification that inhibits the pump. Susceptibility of the β1 subunit to glutathionylation depends on the conformational poise of the Na+-K+ pump, and glutathionylation with the pump stabilized in conformations equivalent to those expected to be imposed on voltage-clamped myocytes supported this hypothesis. So did elimination of the transient K+-induced peak Na+-K+ pump current when we included glutaredoxin 1 in patch pipette solutions to reverse glutathionylation. We conclude that transient K+-induced peak Na+-K+ pump current reflects the effect of conformation-dependent β1 pump subunit

Glutathionylation-Dependence of Na(+)-K(+)-Pump Currents Can Mimic Reduced Subsarcolemmal Na(+) Diffusion.

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia, Alvaro; Liu, Chia-Chi; Cornelius, Flemming; Clarke, Ronald J; Rasmussen, Helge H

2016-03-08

The existence of a subsarcolemmal space with restricted diffusion for Na(+) in cardiac myocytes has been inferred from a transient peak electrogenic Na(+)-K(+) pump current beyond steady state on reexposure of myocytes to K(+) after a period of exposure to K(+)-free extracellular solution. The transient peak current is attributed to enhanced electrogenic pumping of Na(+) that accumulated in the diffusion-restricted space during pump inhibition in K(+)-free extracellular solution. However, there are no known physical barriers that account for such restricted Na(+) diffusion, and we examined if changes of activity of the Na(+)-K(+) pump itself cause the transient peak current. Reexposure to K(+) reproduced a transient current beyond steady state in voltage-clamped ventricular myocytes as reported by others. Persistence of it when the Na(+) concentration in patch pipette solutions perfusing the intracellular compartment was high and elimination of it with K(+)-free pipette solution could not be reconciled with restricted subsarcolemmal Na(+) diffusion. The pattern of the transient current early after pump activation was dependent on transmembrane Na(+)- and K(+) concentration gradients suggesting the currents were related to the conformational poise imposed on the pump. We examined if the currents might be accounted for by changes in glutathionylation of the β1 Na(+)-K(+) pump subunit, a reversible oxidative modification that inhibits the pump. Susceptibility of the β1 subunit to glutathionylation depends on the conformational poise of the Na(+)-K(+) pump, and glutathionylation with the pump stabilized in conformations equivalent to those expected to be imposed on voltage-clamped myocytes supported this hypothesis. So did elimination of the transient K(+)-induced peak Na(+)-K(+) pump current when we included glutaredoxin 1 in patch pipette solutions to reverse glutathionylation. We conclude that transient K(+)-induced peak Na(+)-K(+) pump current reflects the effect

Crystal structure of a Na+-bound Na+,K+-ATPase preceding the E1P state.

Science.gov (United States)

Kanai, Ryuta; Ogawa, Haruo; Vilsen, Bente; Cornelius, Flemming; Toyoshima, Chikashi

2013-10-10

Na(+),K(+)-ATPase pumps three Na(+) ions out of cells in exchange for two K(+) taken up from the extracellular medium per ATP molecule hydrolysed, thereby establishing Na(+) and K(+) gradients across the membrane in all animal cells. These ion gradients are used in many fundamental processes, notably excitation of nerve cells. Here we describe 2.8 Å-resolution crystal structures of this ATPase from pig kidney with bound Na(+), ADP and aluminium fluoride, a stable phosphate analogue, with and without oligomycin that promotes Na(+) occlusion. These crystal structures represent a transition state preceding the phosphorylated intermediate (E1P) in which three Na(+) ions are occluded. Details of the Na(+)-binding sites show how this ATPase functions as a Na(+)-specific pump, rejecting K(+) and Ca(2+), even though its affinity for Na(+) is low (millimolar dissociation constant). A mechanism for sequential, cooperative Na(+) binding can now be formulated in atomic detail.

Na+-H+ exchange and Na+-dependent transport systems in streptozotocin diabetic rat kidneys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El-Seifi, S.; Freiberg, J.M.; Kinsella, F.J.; Cheng, L.; Sacktor, B.

1987-01-01

The streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat was used to test the hypothesis that Na + -H + exchange activity in the proximal tubule luminal membrane would be increased in association with renal hypertrophy, altered glomerular hemodynamics, enhanced filtered load and tubular reabsorption of 22 Na + , and stimulated 22 Na= pump activity in the basolateral membrane, previously reported characteristics of this experimental animal model. Amiloride-sensitive H + gradient-dependent Na + uptake and Na + gradient-dependent H + flux were increased in brush-border membrane vesicles from the streptozotocin-treated animals. Na + gradient-dependent uptakes of phosphate, D-glucose, L-proline, and myoinositol were decreased in the drug-induced diabetic animals. These membrane transport alterations were not found when the streptozotocin-diabetic animals were treated with insulin

The two C-terminal tyrosines stabilize occluded Na/K pump conformations containing Na or K ions.

Science.gov (United States)

Vedovato, Natascia; Gadsby, David C

2010-07-01

Interactions of the three transported Na ions with the Na/K pump remain incompletely understood. Na/K pump crystal structures show that the extended C terminus of the Na,K-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) alpha subunit directly contacts transmembrane helices. Deletion of the last five residues (KETYY in almost all Na/K pumps) markedly lowered the apparent affinity for Na activation of pump phosphorylation from ATP, a reflection of cytoplasmic Na affinity for forming the occluded E1P(Na3) conformation. ATPase assays further suggested that C-terminal truncations also interfere with low affinity Na interactions, which are attributable to extracellular effects. Because extracellular Na ions traverse part of the membrane's electric field to reach their binding sites in the Na/K pump, their movements generate currents that can be monitored with high resolution. We report here electrical measurements to examine how Na/K pump interactions with extracellular Na ions are influenced by C-terminal truncations. We deleted the last two (YY) or five (KESYY) residues in Xenopus laevis alpha1 Na/K pumps made ouabain resistant by either of two kinds of point mutations and measured their currents as 10-mM ouabain-sensitive currents in Xenopus oocytes after silencing endogenous Xenopus Na/K pumps with 1 microM ouabain. We found the low affinity inhibitory influence of extracellular Na on outward Na/K pump current at negative voltages to be impaired in all of the C-terminally truncated pumps. Correspondingly, voltage jump-induced transient charge movements that reflect pump interactions with extracellular Na ions were strongly shifted to more negative potentials; this signals a several-fold reduction of the apparent affinity for extracellular Na in the truncated pumps. Parallel lowering of Na affinity on both sides of the membrane argues that the C-terminal contacts provide important stabilization of the occluded E1P(Na3) conformation, regardless of the route of Na ion entry into the

Anion-coupled Na efflux mediated by the human red blood cell Na/K pump

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dissing, S.; Hoffman, J.F.

1990-01-01

The red cell Na/K pump is known to continue to extrude Na when both Na and K are removed from the external medium. Because this ouabain-sensitive flux occurs in the absence of an exchangeable cation, it is referred to as uncoupled Na efflux. This flux is also known to be inhibited by 5 mM Nao but to a lesser extent than that inhibitable by ouabain. Uncoupled Na efflux via the Na/K pump therefore can be divided into a Nao-sensitive and Nao-insensitive component. We used DIDS-treated, SO4-equilibrated human red blood cells suspended in HEPES-buffered (pHo 7.4) MgSO4 or (Tris)2SO4, in which we measured 22Na efflux, 35SO4 efflux, and changes in the membrane potential with the fluorescent dye, diS-C3 (5). A principal finding is that uncoupled Na efflux occurs electroneurally, in contrast to the pump's normal electrogenic operation when exchanging Nai for Ko. This electroneutral uncoupled efflux of Na was found to be balanced by an efflux of cellular anions. (We were unable to detect any ouabain-sensitive uptake of protons, measured in an unbuffered medium at pH 7.4 with a Radiometer pH-STAT.) The Nao-sensitive efflux of Nai was found to be 1.95 +/- 0.10 times the Nao-sensitive efflux of (SO4)i, indicating that the stoichiometry of this cotransport is two Na+ per SO4=, accounting for 60-80% of the electroneutral Na efflux. The remainder portion, that is, the ouabain-sensitive Nao-insensitive component, has been identified as PO4-coupled Na transport and is the subject of a separate paper. That uncoupled Na efflux occurs as a cotransport with anions is supported by the result, obtained with resealed ghosts, that when internal and external SO4 was substituted by the impermeant anion, tartrate i,o, the efflux of Na was inhibited 60-80%. This inhibition could be relieved by the inclusion, before DIDS treatment, of 5 mM Cli,o

Na5NbO5 and Na5TaO5 phases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Darriet, J.; Maazaz, A.; Bouloux, J.C.; Delmas, C.

1982-01-01

New ternary oxides of formulas Na 5 NbO 5 and Na 5 TaO 5 have been prepared. They crystallize in the monoclinic system (space group C2/c). The crystal structure of Na 5 NbO 5 has been determined. It derives from a NaCl-type structure by ordering of the cations and of the oxygen vacancies in the anionic sublattice, the corresponding formula being Nasub(5/6)Nbsub(1/6)Osub(5/6)vacant sub(1/6). Sodium and niobium have a distorted square-pyramidal surrounding. (author)

Synthesis of Na-A and/or Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites from carbonized rice husk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Katsuki, Hiroaki; Komarneni, Sridhar

2009-01-01

Na-A and/or Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites were prepared under hydrothermal conditions by NaOH dissolution of silica first from carbonized rice husk followed by addition of NaAlO 2 and in situ crystallization of zeolites i.e., using a two-step process. When a one-step process was used, both Na-A and Na-X zeolites crystallized on the surface of carbon. Na-A or Na-X zeolite crystals were prepared on the porous carbonized rice husk at 90 deg. C for 2-6 h by changing the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 , H 2 O/Na 2 O and Na 2 O/SiO 2 molar ratios of precursors in the two-step process. The surface area and NH 4 + -cation exchange capacity (CEC) of Na-A zeolite/porous carbon were found to be 171 m 2 /g and 506 meq/100 g, respectively, while those of Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites were 676 m 2 /g and 317 meq/100 g, respectively. Na-A and Na-X zeolites are well-known microporous and hydrophilic materials while carbonized rice husk was found to be mesoporous (pores of ∼3.9 nm) and hydrophobic. These hybrid microporous-mesoporous and hydrophilic-hydrophobic composites are expected to be useful for decontamination of metal cations as well as organic contaminants simultaneously. - Graphical Abstract: Novel Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composite.

Equilibrium chemical transformations in NaPO3 + NaCl melts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovarskaya, E.N.; Rodionov, Yu.I.

1988-01-01

Because of the problems of the burial of solidified radioactive wastes into different geological rock formations, in particular into massives of rock-salt, the state of molten polyphosphate-chloride mixtures (taking into account the chemical character of the interaction of their components) for a prolonged period of time. The equilibrium products of the reaction in the NaPO 3 -NaCl system were studied in melts in air in the composition range of 30-70 mole % NaCl. It was shown that with increase in the NaCl content in the mixtures, the polyphosphate gradually depolymerizes to sodium tri-, di-, and monophosphates, and the composition of the equilibrium melts is dependent only on the ratio between the components in the initial molten mixtures. The time until the equilibrium is attained is shorter, the higher is the experimental temperature

Long-Range Effects of Na(+) Binding in Na,K-ATPase Reported by ATP.

Science.gov (United States)

Middleton, David A; Fedosova, Natalya U; Esmann, Mikael

2015-12-01

This paper addresses the question of long-range interactions between the intramembranous cation binding sites and the cytoplasmic nucleotide binding site of the ubiquitous ion-transporting Na,K-ATPase using (13)C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. High-affinity ATP binding is induced by the presence of Na(+) as well as of Na-like substances such as Tris(+), and these ions are equally efficient promoters of nucleotide binding. CP-MAS analysis of bound ATP with Na,K-ATPase purified from pig kidney membranes reveals subtle differences in the nucleotide interactions within the nucleotide site depending on whether Na(+) or Tris(+) is used to induce binding. Differences in chemical shifts for ATP atoms C1' and C5' observed in the presence of Na(+) or Tris(+) suggest alterations in the residues surrounding the bound nucleotide, hydrogen bonding, and/or conformation of the ribose ring. This is taken as evidence of a long-distance communication between the Na(+)-filled ion sites in the membrane interior and the nucleotide binding site in the cytoplasmic domain and reflects the first conformational change ultimately leading to phosphorylation of the enzyme. Stopped-flow fluorescence measurements with the nucleotide analogue eosin show that the dissociation rate constant for eosin is larger in Tris(+) than in Na(+), giving kinetic evidence of the difference in structural effects of Na(+) and Tris(+). According to the recent crystal structure of the E1·AlF4(-)·ADP·3Na(+) form, the coupling between the ion binding sites and the nucleotide side is mediated by, among others, the M5 helix.

Interaction between Na+/K+-pump and Na+/Ca2+-exchanger modulates intercellular communication.

Science.gov (United States)

Matchkov, Vladimir V; Gustafsson, Helena; Rahman, Awahan; Briggs Boedtkjer, Donna M; Gorintin, Sarah; Hansen, Anne Kirstine; Bouzinova, Elena V; Praetorius, Helle A; Aalkjaer, Christian; Nilsson, Holger

2007-04-13

Ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the Na(+)/K(+)-pump, has previously been shown to interfere with intercellular communication. Here we test the hypothesis that the communication between vascular smooth muscle cells is regulated through an interaction between the Na(+)/K(+)-pump and the Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger leading to an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in discrete areas near the plasma membrane. [Ca(2+)](i) in smooth muscle cells was imaged in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cell pairs (A7r5) and in rat mesenteric small artery segments simultaneously with force. In A7r5 coupling between cells was estimated by measuring membrane capacitance. Smooth muscle cells were uncoupled when the Na(+)/K(+)-pump was inhibited either by a low concentration of ouabain, which also caused a localized increase of [Ca(2+)](i) near the membrane, or by ATP depletion. Reduction of Na(+)/K(+)-pump activity by removal of extracellular potassium ([K(+)](o)) also uncoupled cells, but only after inhibition of K(ATP) channels. Inhibition of the Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchange activity by SEA0400 or by a reduction of the equilibrium potential (making it more negative) also uncoupled the cells. Depletion of intracellular Na(+) and clamping of [Ca(2+)](i) at low concentrations prevented the uncoupling. The experiments suggest that the Na(+)/K(+)-pump may affect gap junction conductivity via localized changes in [Ca(2+)](i) through modulation of Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger activity.

Intracellular Na(+) and metabolic modulation of Na/K pump and excitability in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yi-Chi; Yang, Jyh-Jeen; Huang, Rong-Chi

2012-10-01

Na/K pump activity and metabolic rate are both higher during the day in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that houses the circadian clock. Here we investigated the role of intracellular Na(+) and energy metabolism in regulating Na/K pump activity and neuronal excitability. Removal of extracellular K(+) to block the Na/K pump excited SCN neurons to fire at higher rates and return to normal K(+) to reactivate the pump produced rebound hyperpolarization to inhibit firing. In the presence of tetrodotoxin to block the action potentials, both zero K(+)-induced depolarization and rebound hyperpolarization were blocked by the cardiac glycoside strophanthidin. Ratiometric Na(+) imaging with a Na(+)-sensitive fluorescent dye indicated saturating accumulation of intracellular Na(+) in response to pump blockade with zero K(+). The Na(+) ionophore monensin also induced Na(+) loading and hyperpolarized the membrane potential, with the hyperpolarizing effect of monensin abolished in zero Na(+) or by pump blockade. Conversely, Na(+) depletion with Na(+)-free pipette solution depolarized membrane potential but retained residual Na/K pump activity. Cyanide inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation blocked the Na/K pump to depolarize resting potential and increase spontaneous firing in most cells, and to raise intracellular Na(+) levels in all cells. Nonetheless, the Na/K pump was incompletely blocked by cyanide but completely blocked by iodoacetate to inhibit glycolysis, indicating the involvement of both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in fueling the Na/K pump. Together, the results indicate the importance of intracellular Na(+) and energy metabolism in regulating Na/K pump activity as well as neuronal excitability in the SCN neurons.

Synthesis of zeolites Na-A and Na-X from tablet compressed and calcinated coal fly ash

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Tao; Gao, Wenyan; Liu, Xin; Zhang, Yifu; Meng, Changgong

2017-10-01

Zeolites Na-A and Na-X are important synthetic zeolites widely used for separation and adsorption in industry. It is of great significance to develop energy-efficient routines that can synthesize zeolites Na-A and Na-X from low-cost raw materials. Coal fly ash (CFA) is the major residue from the combustion of coal and biomass containing more than 85% SiO2 and Al2O3, which can readily replace the conventionally used sodium silicate and aluminate for zeolite synthesis. We used Na2CO3 to replace the expensive NaOH used for the calcination of CFA and showed that tablet compression can enhance the contact with Na2CO3 for the activation of CFA through calcination for the synthesis of zeolites Na-A and Na-X under mild conditions. We optimized the control variables for zeolite synthesis and showed that phase-pure zeolite Na-A can be synthesized with CFA at reactant molar ratio, hydrothermal reaction temperature and reaction time of 1.3Na2O: 0.6Al2O3: 1SiO2: 38H2O at 80°C for 6 h, respectively, while phase-pure zeolite Na-X can be synthesized at 2.2Na2O: 0.2Al2O3: 1SiO2: 88H2O at 100°C for 8 h, respectively. The composition, morphology, specific surface area, vibration spectrum and thermogravimetry of synthesized Na-A and Na-X were further characterized.

The CERES / NA45 experiment

CERN Multimedia

Laurent Guiraud

2000-01-01

Ceres is one of the second generation heavy ion experiments at CERN's SPS. It is dedicated to the study of electron-positron pairs in relativistic nuclear collisions. NA45 is one of the seven experiments (NA44, NA45, NA49, NA50, NA52, WA97/NA57 and WA98) involved in CERN's Heavy Ion programme which provided evidence for the existence of a new state of matter, the quark-gluon plasma. In this state, quarks, instead of being bound up into more complex particles such as protons and neutrons, are liberated and roam freely. Theory predicts that this state must have existed at about 10 microseconds after the Big Bang, before the formation of matter as we know it today.

Precipitação esperada, em diferentes níveis de probabilidade, na região de Dourados, MS Dependable rainfall, using different levels of probability, in Dourados, MS, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Ricardo Fietz

1998-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a precipitação pluviométrica esperada, em diferentes níveis de probabilidade, na região de Dourados, MS. O estudo, realizado para períodos decendiais, quinzenais e mensais, baseou-se em dados diários de precipitação de 17 anos. As séries foram ajustadas a uma distribuição mista e a aderência dos dados verificada pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Os parâmetros da distribuição gama foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança. Houve ajuste dos dados para todos os períodos. Através da distribuição acumulada mista foram gerados valores de precipitação esperada para períodos de retorno de 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12 e 17 anos. Os resultados obtidos permitem que se adotem valores criteriosos de precipitação no dimensionamento de sistemas de irrigação implantados na região de Dourados. O uso da precipitação média para este fim não é recomendado, pois pode resultar em projetos subdimensionados.The aim of this work was to determine the dependable rainfall using different levels of probability in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. This study was conducted for intervals of 10, 15 and 30 days, based on daily data of rainfall for 17 years. Series were adjusted to a mixed distribution and a non-parametric test Kolmogorov-Smirnov was used . The parameters of gama distribution were estimated by the method maximum likelihood. Data were adjusted to all periods. Based on the accumulated mixed distribution were generated values of rainfall for periods return of 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 12 and 17 years. Results allow irrigation personal to adopt criterions values of rainfall for designing irrigation projects near Dourados-MS. The average rainfall should not be used because it may result in under estimation of the rainfall.

The rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism mutation D923N of the Na+, K+-ATPase alpha3 isoform disrupts Na+ interaction at the third Na+ site.

Science.gov (United States)

Einholm, Anja Pernille; Toustrup-Jensen, Mads S; Holm, Rikke; Andersen, Jens Peter; Vilsen, Bente

2010-08-20

Rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (RDP), a rare neurological disorder, is caused by mutation of the neuron-specific alpha3-isoform of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase. Here, we present the functional consequences of RDP mutation D923N. Relative to the wild type, the mutant exhibits a remarkable approximately 200-fold reduction of Na(+) affinity for activation of phosphorylation from ATP, reflecting a defective interaction of the E(1) form with intracellular Na(+). This is the largest effect on Na(+) affinity reported so far for any Na(+), K(+)-ATPase mutant. D923N also affects the interaction with extracellular Na(+) normally driving the E(1)P to E(2)P conformational transition backward. However, no impairment of K(+) binding was observed for D923N, leading to the conclusion that Asp(923) is specifically associated with the third Na(+) site that is selective toward Na(+). The crystal structure of the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase in E(2) form shows that Asp(923) is located in the cytoplasmic half of transmembrane helix M8 inside a putative transport channel, which is lined by residues from the transmembrane helices M5, M7, M8, and M10 and capped by the C terminus, recently found involved in recognition of the third Na(+) ion. Structural modeling of the E(1) form of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase based on the Ca(2+)-ATPase crystal structure is consistent with the hypothesis that Asp(923) contributes to a site binding the third Na(+) ion. These results in conjunction with our previous findings with other RDP mutants suggest that a selective defect in the handling of Na(+) may be a general feature of the RDP disorder.

Recikliranje plastenk na kreativen način

OpenAIRE

Pavlin, Suzana

2017-01-01

Plastenke, poleg ostalih plastičnih izdelkov, v zadnjih letih predstavljajo pravo katastrofo za okolje. Domnevamo, da se le redko kdo vpraša, kaj se zgodi z njo po tem, ko je iz nje zaužil še zadnjo kapljico vode. Plastenka je lahko kot večina ostalih komunalnih odpadkov ponovno uporabljena, reciklirana, sežgana ali odložena na deponijo. V primeru nespoštovanja Zakona o varstvu okolja pa pristane v naravi, pogosto v morju, kjer prav počasi razpada in negativno vpliva na celoten ekosistem. V d...

Fósforo e potássio na sucessão trigo/milho: épocas e formas de aplicação Phosphorus and potassium in wheat/corn succession: season and methods of application

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Sérgio Pavinato

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Com a difusão do plantio direto e melhoria na fertilidade dos solos no Sul do Brasil, passou-se a cogitar mais intensamente a distribuição nas culturas no inverno dos fertilizantes fosfatados e potássicos das culturas em sucessão no verão. Com isso, o produtor teria maior agilidade à implantação das culturas no verão, melhor utilização de maquinário e mão-de-obra, além de menor custo dos fertilizantes e do seu transporte. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a possibilidade de distribuir na cultura no inverno, o fósforo e potássio que seriam aplicados na cultura em sucessão no verão. O experimento foi realizado em 2002 e 2003, na Fazenda Paineira da SLC Agrícola Ltda em Coronel Bicaco, RS, em um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico típico com teores muito altos de fósforo e potássio. Os tratamentos constituíram-se da aplicação na cultura no inverno do fertilizante recomendado para a cultura no verão em sucessão, distribuído na linha de semeadura ou a lanço. O delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso e com três repetições dos nove tratamentos. Foi evidenciada a baixa probabilidade de resposta em produtividade de grãos à adubação com fósforo e potássio em solo com altos teores destes nutrientes, mostrando que, nestas condições, a aplicação na cultura no inverno da adubação que seria utilizada na cultura no verão em sucessão, pode ser justificada pelas facilidades operacionais da adubação em sistemas.The increase in adoption of no till management practiced in Southern Brazil is leading farmers to wonder about the advantages of fertilizer application in winter crops to be fed by the subsequent summer crop. Such practice would potentially result in a more flexible seeding schedule and a more efficient use of machinery, work force and fertilizers. This work had the objective of evaluating the anticipation of the phosphorus and potassium application from summer to winter. The experiment was made in 2002 and 2003

Plant Defensins NaD1 and NaD2 Induce Different Stress Response Pathways in Fungi

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Peter M. Dracatos

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Nicotiana alata defensins 1 and 2 (NaD1 and NaD2 are plant defensins from the ornamental tobacco that have antifungal activity against a variety of fungal pathogens. Some plant defensins interact with fungal cell wall O-glycosylated proteins. Therefore, we investigated if this was the case for NaD1 and NaD2, by assessing the sensitivity of the three Aspergillus nidulans (An O-mannosyltransferase (pmt knockout (KO mutants (An∆pmtA, An∆pmtB, and An∆pmtC. An∆pmtA was resistant to both defensins, while An∆pmtC was resistant to NaD2 only, suggesting NaD1 and NaD2 are unlikely to have a general interaction with O-linked side chains. Further evidence of this difference in the antifungal mechanism was provided by the dissimilarity of the NaD1 and NaD2 sensitivities of the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol signalling knockout mutants from the cell wall integrity (CWI and high osmolarity glycerol (HOG mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK pathways. HOG pathway mutants were sensitive to both NaD1 and NaD2, while CWI pathway mutants only displayed sensitivity to NaD2.

Glutamate Water Gates in the Ion Binding Pocket of Na(+) Bound Na(+), K(+)-ATPase

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Han, Minwoo; Kopec, Wojciech; Solov'yov, Ilia A

2017-01-01

III is always protonated. Glutamic acid residues in the three binding sites act as water gates, and their deprotonation triggers water entry to the binding sites. From DFT calculations of Na(+) binding energies, we conclude that three protons in the binding site are needed to effectively bind Na......The dynamically changing protonation states of the six acidic amino acid residues in the ion binding pocket of the Na(+), K(+) -ATPase (NKA) during the ion transport cycle are proposed to drive ion binding, release and possibly determine Na(+) or K(+) selectivity. We use molecular dynamics (MD......(+) from water and four are needed to release them in the next step. Protonation of Asp926 in site III will induce Na(+) release, and Glu327, Glu954 and Glu779 are all likely to be protonated in the Na(+) bound occluded conformation. Our data provides key insights into the role of protons in the Na...

NA62 and NA48/2 results on search for Heavy Neutral Leptons

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Lamanna Gianluca

2018-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper we present new results on upper limits for the search of Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNL with data collected by NA48/2 (2003-2004, NA62-RK (2007 and NA62 (2015 CERN experiments. The data collected with different trigger configuration allow to search for both long and short living heavy neutrinos in the mass range below the kaon mass. In addition the status of the search for K+ → π+vv with the NA62 detector will be briefly presented.

Prevenção cardiovascular abrangente em pacientes com doença arterial coronária: implementação das diretrizes na prática clínica

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Clarisse Kaoru Ogawa Indio do Brasil

2013-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Demonstrar a eficácia de um programa de otimização da prática clínica em pacientes com doença arterial coronária para prescrição de medicamentos e documentar a prática clínica vigente quanto aos medicamentos e medidas para a mudança do estilo de vida. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, seguido de componente longitudinal. Foram incluídos 710 pacientes consecutivos (Fase 1. Após aplicação de ferramentas para melhoria da prática clínica, foram incluídos, após seis meses, 705 pacientes com coleta dos mesmos dados (Fase 2. Foram selecionados aleatoriamente, a partir do primeiro grupo, 318 prontuários para comparação desses mesmos pacientes (Fase 3. RESULTADOS: Comparação entre as Fases 1 e 2: melhora em relação a tabagismo (P=0,019, dislipidemia (P<0,001, hipertensão arterial e atividade física regular (P<0,001. Diferença significativa para inibidores da enzima de conversão da angiotensina - IECA (67,2% vs. 56,8%, P<0,001; antagonistas do receptor da angiotensina II - ARA II (25,4% vs. 32,9%, P=0,002 e betabloqueador (88,7% vs. 91,9%, P=0,047. Comparação entre as Fases 1 e 3: houve redução do peso (P=0,044 e pressão arterial (P<0,001. Em relação à prescrição de medicamentos recomendados, diferença para IECA (64,8% vs. 61,6%, P=0,011 e ARA II (27,0% vs. 31,3%, P=0,035. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve mudança significativa na utilização de medicamentos; entretanto, observou-se melhora significativa em relação ao tabagismo e atividade física na Fase 2; melhora substancial nos níveis de pressão arterial, na comparação tanto entre as Fases 1 e 2 como entre as Fases 1 e 3. A inclusão de enfermeiro treinado para gerenciar o processo foi fundamental. Programas abrangentes de melhoria de qualidade assistencial, provavelmente, devem ser continuados por período de seguimento maior.

Transmural gradients in Na/K pump activity and [Na+]I in canine ventricle.

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, J; Wang, W; Cohen, I S; Mathias, R T

2005-09-01

There are well-documented differences in ion channel activity and action potential shape between epicardial (EPI), midmyocardial (MID), and endocardial (ENDO) ventricular myocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences exist in Na/K pump activity. The whole cell patch-clamp was used to measure Na/K pump current (I(P)) and inward background Na(+)-current (I(inb)) in cells isolated from canine left ventricle. All currents were normalized to membrane capacitance. I(P) was measured as the current blocked by a saturating concentration of dihydro-ouabain. [Na(+)](i) was measured using SBFI-AM. I(P)(ENDO) (0.34 +/- 0.04 pA/pF, n = 17) was smaller than I(P)(EPI) (0.68 +/- 0.09 pA/pF, n = 38); the ratio was 0.50 with I(P)(MID) being intermediate (0.53 +/- 0.13 pA/pF, n = 19). The dependence of I(P) on [Na(+)](i) or voltage was essentially identical in EPI and ENDO (half-maximal activation at 9-10 mM [Na(+)](i) or approximately -90 mV). Increasing [K(+)](o) from 5.4 to 15 mM caused both I(P)(ENDO) and I(P)(EPI) to increase, but the ratio remained approximately 0.5. I(inb) in EPI and ENDO were nearly identical ( approximately 0.6 pA/pF). Physiological [Na(+)](i) was lower in EPI (7 +/- 2 mM, n = 31) than ENDO (12 +/- 3 mM, n = 29), with MID being intermediate (9 +/- 3 mM, n = 22). When cells were paced at 2 Hz, [Na(+)](i) increased but the differences persisted (ENDO 14 +/- 3 mM, n = 10; EPI 9 +/- 2 mM, n = 10; and MID intermediate, 11 +/- 2 mM, n = 9). Based on these results, the larger I(P) in EPI appears to reflect a higher maximum turnover rate, which implies either a larger number of active pumps or a higher turnover rate per pump protein. The transmural gradient in [Na(+)](i) means physiological I(P) is approximately uniform across the ventricular wall, whereas transporters that utilize the transmembrane electrochemical gradient for Na(+), such as Na/Ca exchange, have a larger driving force in EPI than ENDO.

Ambiência aérea em alojamento de frangos de corte: poeira e gases Aerial environment in broiler housing: dust and gases

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Irenilza de A. Nääs

2007-08-01

Full Text Available A qualidade do ar em ambientes de produção animal vem sendo referenciada como ponto de interesse em estudos de sistema de controle ambiental, focando tanto a saúde dos animais que vivem em total confinamento, quanto a dos trabalhadores. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a variação da qualidade da ambiência aérea em dois tipos de galpões criatórios de frangos de corte: convencional (Gc e tipo túnel (Gt. Os valores de poeira total, em ambos os galpões, ofereceram condições adequadas às aves; entretanto, as concentrações de poeira respirável no ar estiveram acima do limite recomendado para humanos. A concentração de monóxido de carbono, na fase de aquecimento, esteve acima dos 10 ppm máximos recomendados, no período avaliado, sendo superior na época de frio no galpão Gt (30 ppm, comparada ao galpão Gc (18 ppm. Os picos de concentração de amônia no ar estiveram acima dos 20 ppm máximos recomendados às aves a partir do 20º dia de produção, em ambos os galpões, e na média diária, por período superior no galpão Gt (4h30, quando comparado ao Gc (2h45. Foram encontrados apenas traços de óxido nítrico e metano, enquanto a concentração de gás carbônico, avaliada em condições diurnas, atendeu aos limites máximos permitidos, tanto para aves quanto para o trabalhador.Air quality in animal production environment has been refereed as an interesting point for studies in environmental control systems with the focus both to the animal health which live in total confinement, as to the workers. The objective of this research was to determine the variation on the aerial environmental quality in two types of broiler housing: conventional (Gc and tunnel type (Gt. The total dust values in both houses offered adequate rearing conditions to the birds; however, regarding the inhale dust in the air was above the limits recommended for humans. Carbon monoxide concentration in the heating phase during the evaluated period

Suicidio en el embarazo. Fosfuro de aluminio, “la pastilla del maíz”: consideraciones bioéticas

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L.J. Valderrama Zaldívar

2015-01-01

Conclusión: Las autoridades estatales y federales deben reglamentar el uso y venta del fosfuro de aluminio y otros pesticidas. Es necesaria la capacitación del personal de salud sobre temas relacionados con la bioética y la tanatología.

Reactions of metal oxides with molten NaPO3 + NaCl mixtures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovarskaya, E.N.; Mityakhina, V.S.; Rodionov, Yu.I.; Silin, M.Yu.

1988-01-01

We consider the dissolution mechanism for iron (III), europium(III), and tin(IV) oxides in molten NaPO 3 + NaCl that are responsible for the peak solubilities. We chose Fe 2 O 3 as the basic material since this occurs in large amounts around damaged metal structures in rock salt mines in a proposed zone for storing vitrified radioactive wastes. Solubility measurement and paper chromatography show that Fe 2 O 3 dissolves in molten NaPO 3 + NaCl in air by reaction with the solvent to give double iron and sodium diphosphates and monophosphates in accordance with the initial solution-in-the-melt composition, the degree of equilibration, and the temperature. The elevated solubilities for initial NaCl contents close to 30 mole % are due to sodium triphosphates and tricyclophosphates present in these melts. Moessbauer spectroscopy confirms that double iron, europium and tin diphosphates and monophosphates containing sodium occur in these chloride-polyphosphate melts

Na(+),K (+)-ATPase as a docking station: protein-protein complexes of the Na(+),K (+)-ATPase.

Science.gov (United States)

Reinhard, Linda; Tidow, Henning; Clausen, Michael J; Nissen, Poul

2013-01-01

The Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, or sodium pump, is well known for its role in ion transport across the plasma membrane of animal cells. It carries out the transport of Na(+) ions out of the cell and of K(+) ions into the cell and thus maintains electrolyte and fluid balance. In addition to the fundamental ion-pumping function of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, recent work has suggested additional roles for Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in signal transduction and biomembrane structure. Several signaling pathways have been found to involve Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, which serves as a docking station for a fast-growing number of protein interaction partners. In this review, we focus on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase as a signal transducer, but also briefly discuss other Na(+),K(+)-ATPase protein-protein interactions, providing a comprehensive overview of the diverse signaling functions ascribed to this well-known enzyme.

Characterization of Na+-linked and Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange systems in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cassel, D.; Scharf, O.; Rotman, M.; Cragoe, E.J. Jr.; Katz, M.

1988-01-01

The PS120 variant of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts which lacks Na + /H + exchange activity was used to investigate bicarbonate transport systems and their role in intracellular pH (pH/sub i/) regulation. When pH/sub i/ was decreased by acid load, bicarbonate caused pH/sub i/ increase and stimulated 36 Cl - efflux from the cells, both in a Na + -dependent manner. These results together with previous findings that bicarbonate stimulates 22 Na + uptake in PS120 cells demonstrate the presence of a Na + -linked Cl - /HCO 3 - exchange system. In cells with normal initial pH/sub i/, bicarbonate caused Na + -independent pH/sub i/ increase in Cl - -free solutions and stimulated Na + -independent 36 Cl - efflux, indicating that a Na + -independent Cl - /HCO 3 - exchanger is also present in the cell. Na + -linked and Na + -independent Cl - /HCO 3- exchange is apparently mediated by two distinct systems, since a [(tetrahydrofluorene-7-yl)oxy]acetic acid derivative selectively inhibits the Na + -independent exchanger. An additional distinctive features is a 10-fold lower affinity for chloride of the Na + -linked exchanger. The Na + -linked and Na + -independent Cl - /HCO 3 - exchange systems are likely to protect the cell from acid and alkaline load, respectively

Anemia aplástica severa: análise dos pacientes pediátricos atendidos pelo serviço de transplante de medula óssea do Hospital de Clínicas de Curitiba no período de 1979-1993

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FONSECA TERESA CRISTINA CARDOSO

2002-01-01

Full Text Available A anemia aplástica severa é uma doença rara que acomete pessoas de todas as regiões do mundo. Devido a sua raridade, existem dificuldades em se caracterizar o perfil dos pacientes acometidos pela doença, assim como identificar possíveis fatores implicados na sua etiologia. OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil dos pacientes pediátricos atendidos com anemia aplástica severa, analisando variáveis como distribuição de idade, sexo, local de habitação, etiologia e nível socioeconômico. MÉTODOS: FOI realizada uma análise descritiva das características encontradas em todos os pacientes com idade inferior a 18 anos, encaminhados no período de 1979-1993 com diagnóstico da doença, conforme classificação proposta por Camitta et al. As informações foram obtidas através do prontuário médico e de um questionário aplicado pela pesquisadora em 79 das 134 famílias. RESULTADOS: A média das idades foi de 10,89 anos. Houve leve predominância do sexo feminino. A maioria dos pacientes residia na zona urbana da região sul do país. 34% das famílias não identificaram um fator causal. Os pesticidas agrícolas e os derivados de benzeno foram os fatores causais mais relatados no questionário. Das 79 famílias que responderam ao questionário, 83,5% tinham renda familiar inferior a 1 salário mínimo " per capita" e 70,9% das mães tinham nível de escolaridade inferior o primeiro grau completo. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil da população pediátrica com anemia aplástica severa atendida no Serviço de Transplante de Medula Óssea de Curitiba é formado predominantemente por crianças de 11 anos, do sexo feminino, provenientes da zona urbana da região sul do país, com baixo nível socioeconômico, que relataram os pesticidas agrícolas e derivados de benzeno como possíveis fatores etiológicos.

Tentativas de suicídio em um hospital geral no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Suicide attempts recorded at a general hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Guilherme L. Werneck

2006-10-01

Full Text Available A história pregressa de tentativa de suicídio é um importante preditor do suicídio e de novas tentativas. Este artigo apresenta o perfil dos casos de tentativas de suicídio detectados por meio de um sistema de monitoramento para esses agravos em um hospital geral no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Entre abril de 2001 e março de 2002 foram registrados 160 tentativas de suicídio, sendo 68% entre mulheres e 26% entre adolescentes. A ingestão de pesticidas e o abuso de medicamentos foram os principais métodos utilizados. Mulheres utilizaram os dois métodos na mesma proporção, enquanto 2/3 dos homens empregaram pesticidas. Em relação à prevalência dos fatores de risco para tentativas de suicídio, identificou-se que 21% dos pacientes haviam procurado serviços de saúde nos trinta dias anteriores ao evento, 28% referiram tentativas anteriores, 23% fizeram referência a casos de tentativas ou suicídio na família. Ainda que os dados populacionais disponíveis sejam escassos, as tentativas de suicídio parecem ser um evento importante de morbidade, particularmente entre adolescentes e adultos jovens. Sistemas de vigilância para esse agravo podem ser úteis para um melhor conhecimento do problema.Previous suicide attempts are an important predictor of both repeated attempts and suicide. This paper presents the profile of patients who had attempted suicide and were admitted to a general hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. From April 2001 to March 2002, 160 suicide attempts were recorded (68% women; 26% adolescents. Ingestion of pesticides and prescription drugs were the two most common methods used. The two methods had been used by similar numbers of women, while two-thirds of men had used pesticides. As for prevalence of factors associated with attempted suicide, 21% of patients had been in contact with health services within 30 days prior to the event, 28% mentioned previous suicide attempts, and 23% reported other cases of suicide or

Na/K Pump and Beyond: Na/K-ATPase as a Modulator of Apoptosis and Autophagy

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Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Lung cancer is a leading cause of global cancer deaths. Na/K-ATPase has been studied as a target for cancer treatment. Cardiotonic steroids (CS trigger intracellular signalling upon binding to Na/K-ATPase. Normal lung and tumour cells frequently express different pump isoforms. Thus, Na/K-ATPase is a powerful target for lung cancer treatment. Drugs targeting Na/K-ATPase may induce apoptosis and autophagy in transformed cells. We argue that Na/K-ATPase has a role as a potential target in chemotherapy in lung cancer treatment. We discuss the effects of Na/K-ATPase ligands and molecular pathways inducing deleterious effects on lung cancer cells, especially those leading to apoptosis and autophagy.

Na/K Pump and Beyond: Na/K-ATPase as a Modulator of Apoptosis and Autophagy.

Science.gov (United States)

Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, Cassiano; Ribeiro Silva, Adriana; Ignácio da Silva, Camila; Caire Castro-Faria-Neto, Hugo; Burth, Patrícia

2017-04-21

Lung cancer is a leading cause of global cancer deaths. Na/K-ATPase has been studied as a target for cancer treatment. Cardiotonic steroids (CS) trigger intracellular signalling upon binding to Na/K-ATPase. Normal lung and tumour cells frequently express different pump isoforms. Thus, Na/K-ATPase is a powerful target for lung cancer treatment. Drugs targeting Na/K-ATPase may induce apoptosis and autophagy in transformed cells. We argue that Na/K-ATPase has a role as a potential target in chemotherapy in lung cancer treatment. We discuss the effects of Na/K-ATPase ligands and molecular pathways inducing deleterious effects on lung cancer cells, especially those leading to apoptosis and autophagy.

Subnitride chemistry: A first-principles study of the NaBa3N, Na5Ba3N, and Na16Ba6N phases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliva, Josep M.

2005-01-01

An ab initio study on the electronic structure of the subnitrides NaBa 3 N, Na 5 Ba 3 N, and Na 16 Ba 6 N is performed for the first time. The NaBa 3 N and Na 5 Ba 3 N phases consist of infinite 1 ∞ [NBa 6/2 ] strands composed of face-sharing NBa 6 octahedra surrounded by a 'sea' of sodium atoms. The Na 16 Ba 6 N phase consist of discrete [NBa 6 ] octahedra arranged in a body-cubic fashion, surrounded by a 'sea' of sodium atoms. Our calculations suggest that the title subnitrides are metals. Analysis of the electronic structure shows partial interaction of N(2s) with Ba(5p) electrons in the lower energy region for NaBa 3 N and Na 5 Ba 3 N. However, no dispersion is observed for the N(2s) and Ba(5p) bands in the cubic phase Na 16 Ba 6 N. The metallic band below the Fermi level shows a strong mixing of N(2p), Ba(6s), Ba(5d), Ba(6p), Na(3s) and Na(3p) orbitals. The metallic character in these nitrides stems from delocalized electrons corresponding to hybridized 5d l 6s m 6p n barium orbitals which interact with hybridized 3s n 3p m sodium orbitals. Analysis of the electron density and electronic structure in these nitrides shows two different regions: a metallic matrix corresponding to the sodium atoms and the regions around them and heteropolar bonding between nitrogen and barium within the infinite 1 ∞ [NBa 6/2 ] strands of the NaBa 3 N and Na 5 Ba 3 N phases, and within the isolated [NBa 6 ] octahedra of the Na 16 Ba 6 N phase. The nitrogen atoms inside the strands and octahedra are negatively charged, the anionic character of nitrogens being larger in the isolated octahedra of the cubic phase Na 16 Ba 6 N, due to the lack of electron delocalization along one direction as opposed to the other phases. The sodium and barium atoms appear to be slightly negatively and positively charged, the latter to a larger extent. From the computed Ba-N overlap populations as well as the analysis of the contour maps of differences between total density and superposition of

WPŁYW WIEKU NA WYTRZYMAŁOŚĆ NA ŚCISKANIE BETONU MODYFIKOWANEGO DODATKIEM METAKAOLINITU

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Janusz KONKOL

Full Text Available W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wytrzymałości na ściskanie betonów modyfikowanych dodatkiem metakaolinitu po 2, 3, 7, 14, 28 i 56 dniach dojrzewania. Dodatek metakaolinitu użyto jako częściowy substytut cementu, dokonując wymiany 10% masy cementu na metakaolinit. Udział ten uznawany jest za optymalny z uwagi na inne niż wytrzymałość na ściskanie właściwości betonu, w tym trwałość betonu modyfikowanego metakaolinitem. Badania przeprowadzono także dla betonu tła, betonu bez dodatku metakaolinitu. Betony wykonano przy założeniu stałego stosunku woda/spoiwo, względnie woda/cement wynoszącego 0,45 oraz przy użyciu cementu portlandzkiego CEM I 32,5R, piasku kwarcowego frakcji do 2 mm oraz grysu bazaltowego frakcji do 16 mm. W celu uzyskania pożądanej konsystencji mieszanki betonowej zastosowano upłynniacz na bazie estrów polikarboksylowych. Uzyskane rezultaty badań potwierdziły wysoką aktywność pucolanową metakaolinitu już we wczesnym okresie dojrzewania betonu. W okresie między 3 a 7 dniem dojrzewania stwierdzono wolniejszy przyrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie w betonie niemodyfikowanym metakaolinitem, podczas gdy w betonie, w którym 10% masy cementu zastąpiono metakaolinitem uwidocznił się znaczący przyrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie. Po 2 dniach dojrzewania wytrzymałość na ściskanie betonu tła była nieznacznie wyższa od wytrzymałości na ściskanie betonu modyfikowanego. Korzystny wpływ dodatku metakaolinitu wynikający z jego wysokiej aktywności pucolanowej, jak również z uszczelniającego charakteru tego dodatku obserwowano jest zwłaszcza w okresie między 3 a 14 dniem dojrzewania. W tym okresie obserwowano znaczny przyrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie betonu modyfikowanego w porównaniu z wytrzymałością na ściskanie betonu tła. Po 7 i 14 dniach dojrzewania stwierdzono odpowiednio prawie 25% i 21% wzrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie na skutek użycia metakaolinitu.

Comparação entre valores de ensaios experimentais e calculados da resistência ao embutimento da madeira de Pinus taeda L.

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Diego Henrique de Almeida

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Para dimensionar ligações entre membros estruturais de madeira com pinos metálicos (pregos ou parafusos, dois fenômenos devem ser levados em consideração: a flexão do pino metálico e a resistência da madeira ao embutimento. A norma brasileira ABNT NBR 7190:1997 preconiza a metodologia empregada em ensaios laboratoriais para determinação da resistência da madeira ao embutimento com pino metálico e, na ausência dos ensaios, especifica relações para estimar a resistência da madeira ao embutimento a partir da resistência na compressão. O objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu na comparação entre valores de resistência ao embutimento da madeira determinados experimentalmente e calculados utilizando parâmetros recomendados pela ABNT NBR 7190:1997. Pelos resultados dos testes de hipótese, pode-se concluir que a estimativa da resistência ao embutimento paralelo às fibras proposta pela ABNT NBR 7190:1997, que estabelece equivalência com os resultados de compressão na mesma direção, mostrou-se precisa para as madeiras de Pinus taeda L.. Entretanto, o mesmo não foi observado na direção normal em relação às fibras, possivelmente explicada pelo valor do coeficiente áe presente na equação para o cálculo de fe90.

Teratological studies of DTPA-CaNa3, DTPA-ZnNa3 and quinamic acid in mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luo Meichu; Ruan Tianming; Tong Shungao

1989-01-01

DTPA-CaNa 3 , DTPA-ZnNa 3 and quinamic acid are effective chelating agents for removing actinide elements from the body. In this experiment, different doses of DTPA-CaNa 3 , DTPA-ZnNa 3 and quinamic acid were given to mice on gestation days 6-10. Eight groups of mice received 0.8 and 2.0 mM/kg of DTPA-CaNa 3 , 3.8, 7.6, and 11.4 mM/kg of DTPA-ZnNa 3 and 0.42, 2.1, and 4.2 mM/kg of quinamic acid. Hypetonic saline and isotonic saline were given to two control groups. DTPA-CaNa 3 and quinamidic acid were found to be much more toxic to fetus of mice than DTPA-ZnNa 3 . When the doses of DTPA-CaMa 3 and quinamidic acid were 20 times higher than the human dose, the number of resorbed fetus was increased and the number and weight of live fetus were reduced. The result of injection with 7.6 mM/kg (200 times of human dose)DTPA-ZnNa 3 and that of injection with isotonic saline are the same. Therefore, we suggest that the DTPA-CaNa 3 and quinamidic acid should not be given to pregnant woman, if chelation therapy is needed, while the much safer DTPA-ZnNa 3 could be used

Na-ion dynamics in Quasi-1D compound NaV2O4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Månsson, M; Umegaki, I; Nozaki, H; Higuchi, Y; Sugiyama, J; Kawasaki, I; Watanabe, I; Sakurai, H

2014-01-01

We have used the pulsed muon source at ISIS to study high-temperature Na-ion dynamics in the quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) metallic antiferromagnet NaV 2 O 4 . By performing systematic zero-field and longitudinal-field measurements as a function of temperature we clearly distinguish that the hopping rate increases exponentially above T diff ≈ 250 K. The data is well fitted to an Arrhenius type equation typical for a diffusion process, showing that the Na-ions starts to be mobile above T diff . Such results make this compound very interesting for the tuning of Q1D magnetism using atomic-scale ion-texturing through the periodic potential from ordered Na-vacancies. Further, it also opens the door to possible use of NaV 2 O 4 and related compounds in energy related applications

O Passeio Público do Rio de Janeiro na Literatura, na Pintura e na Fotografia do Século XIX

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Solange de Aragão

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo geral e mais amplo chamar a atenção dos pesquisadores para a importância da literatura, da pintura e da fotografia como fontes documentais para a construção da História do Paisagismo no Brasil por meio de um estudo de caso muito particular: o Passeio Público do Rio de Janeiro no século XIX. São objetivos específicos apresentar e analisar o modo como esse espaço livre público aparece na literatura, na pintura e na fotografia desse período, considerando suas transformações paisagísticas.

Solubility of NaNd(CO3)2.6H2O(c) in concentrated Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rao, L.; Rai, D.; Felmy, A.R.; Fulton, R.W.; Novak, C.F.

1996-01-01

NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c) was identified to be the final equilibrium solid phase in suspensions containing concentrated sodium carbonate (0.1 to 2.0 M) and sodium bicarbonate (0.1 to 1.0 M), with either NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c) or Nd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 x xH 2 O(s) as initial solids. A thermodynamic model, based on Pitzer's specific into-interaction approach, was developed to interpret the solubility of NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c) as functions of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate concentrations. In this model, the solubility data of NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c) were explained by assuming the formation of NdCO 3 + , Nd(CO 3 ) 2 - and Nd(CO 3 ) 3 3- species and invoking the specific ion interactions between Na + and Nd(CO 3 ) 3 3- . Ion interaction parameters for Na + -Nd(CO 3 ) 3 3- were developed to fit the solubility data. Based on the model calculations, Nd(CO 3 ) 3 3- was the predominant aqueous neodymium species in 0.1 to 2 M sodium carbonate and 0.1 to 1 M sodium bicarbonate solutions. The logarithm of the NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O solubility product (NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c)=Na + +Nd 3+ +2 CO 3 2- +6 H 2 O) was calculated to be -21.39. This model also provided satisfactory interpretation of the solubility data of the analogous Am(III) system in less concentrated carbonate and bicarbonate solutions. (orig.)

Avaliação de sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento, utilizados na cafeicultura Evaluation of trickle irrigation systems used in coffee crop

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Luís O. C. de Souza

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi conduzido no período de agosto a outubro de 1999, com o objetivo de avaliar os sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento utilizados na cafeicultura irrigada do norte do Espírito Santo e nas áreas de cerrado de Minas Gerais e caracterizar a porcentagem de área molhada (PAM nesses sistemas de irrigação. Foram realizadas medidas das dimensões do bulbo molhado para determinação da porcentagem de área molhada. Pelos resultados obtidos verificou-se que, dos valores de coeficiente de uniformidade de distribuição determinados, apenas um sistema apresentou valor abaixo de 70%, refletindo uma uniformidade ruim. No que se refere aos demais resultados, dez sistemas indicaram valores de uniformidade de distribuição entre 70 e 80%, oito sistemas mostraram valores entre 80 e 90% e doze sistemas apontaram valores acima de 90%, indicando uniformidade razoável, boa e excelente, respectivamente. Dos valores determinados, a maioria dos sistemas que apresentaram uniformidade de boa a excelente estava situada na região de cerrado de Minas Gerais. Com relação à PAM, os valores determinados variaram na faixa de 19 a 100% e apenas um sistema apresentou valor abaixo do limite mínimo recomendado para regiões úmidas, que é de 20%.This study was carried out over the period from August to October 1999, aiming the evaluation of trickle irrigation systems used in coffee crop in the northern part of Espírito Santo State and the savannah areas of Minas Gerais State, as well as to characterize the percentage of wetted area (PWA of these irrigation systems. The wetted bulb dimensions measurements were accomplished for determining the percent wetted area. According to the results, just one system presented a value lower than 70% for the distribution uniformity coefficient, reflecting a bad uniformity. Concerning to the other results, ten systems showed the distribution uniformity values ranging from 70 to 80%, whereas for eight systems, it

Mechanism of μ-conotoxin PIIIA binding to the voltage-gated Na+ channel NaV1.4.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rong Chen

Full Text Available Several subtypes of voltage-gated Na+ (NaV channels are important targets for pain management. μ-Conotoxins isolated from venoms of cone snails are potent and specific blockers of different NaV channel isoforms. The inhibitory effect of μ-conotoxins on NaV channels has been examined extensively, but the mechanism of toxin specificity has not been understood in detail. Here the known structure of μ-conotoxin PIIIA and a model of the skeletal muscle channel NaV1.4 are used to elucidate elements that contribute to the structural basis of μ-conotoxin binding and specificity. The model of NaV1.4 is constructed based on the crystal structure of the bacterial NaV channel, NaVAb. Six different binding modes, in which the side chain of each of the basic residues carried by the toxin protrudes into the selectivity filter of NaV1.4, are examined in atomic detail using molecular dynamics simulations with explicit solvent. The dissociation constants (Kd computed for two selected binding modes in which Lys9 or Arg14 from the toxin protrudes into the filter of the channel are within 2 fold; both values in close proximity to those determined from dose response data for the block of NaV currents. To explore the mechanism of PIIIA specificity, a double mutant of NaV1.4 mimicking NaV channels resistant to μ-conotoxins and tetrodotoxin is constructed and the binding of PIIIA to this mutant channel examined. The double mutation causes the affinity of PIIIA to reduce by two orders of magnitude.

Muscle K+, Na+, and Cl- disturbances and Na+-K+ pump inactivation: implications for fatigue

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

McKenna, Michael J; Bangsbo, Jens; Renaud, Jean-Marc

2008-01-01

(+)-ATPase activity during exercise stabilizes Na(+) and K(+) concentration gradients and membrane excitability and thus protects against fatigue. However, during intense contraction some Na(+)-K(+) pumps are inactivated and together with further ionic disturbances, likely precipitate muscle fatigue.......Membrane excitability is a critical regulatory step in skeletal muscle contraction and is modulated by local ionic concentrations, conductances, ion transporter activities, temperature, and humoral factors. Intense fatiguing contractions induce cellular K(+) efflux and Na(+) and Cl(-) influx......, causing pronounced perturbations in extracellular (interstitial) and intracellular K(+) and Na(+) concentrations. Muscle interstitial K(+) concentration may increase 1- to 2-fold to 11-13 mM and intracellular K(+) concentration fall by 1.3- to 1.7-fold; interstitial Na(+) concentration may decline by 10 m...

Route, mechanism, and implications of proton import during Na+/K+ exchange by native Na+/K+-ATPase pumps

Science.gov (United States)

Vedovato, Natascia

2014-01-01

A single Na+/K+-ATPase pumps three Na+ outwards and two K+ inwards by alternately exposing ion-binding sites to opposite sides of the membrane in a conformational sequence coupled to pump autophosphorylation from ATP and auto-dephosphorylation. The larger flow of Na+ than K+ generates outward current across the cell membrane. Less well understood is the ability of Na+/K+ pumps to generate an inward current of protons. Originally noted in pumps deprived of external K+ and Na+ ions, as inward current at negative membrane potentials that becomes amplified when external pH is lowered, this proton current is generally viewed as an artifact of those unnatural conditions. We demonstrate here that this inward current also flows at physiological K+ and Na+ concentrations. We show that protons exploit ready reversibility of conformational changes associated with extracellular Na+ release from phosphorylated Na+/K+ pumps. Reversal of a subset of these transitions allows an extracellular proton to bind an acidic side chain and to be subsequently released to the cytoplasm. This back-step of phosphorylated Na+/K+ pumps that enables proton import is not required for completion of the 3 Na+/2 K+ transport cycle. However, the back-step occurs readily during Na+/K+ transport when external K+ ion binding and occlusion are delayed, and it occurs more frequently when lowered extracellular pH raises the probability of protonation of the externally accessible carboxylate side chain. The proton route passes through the Na+-selective binding site III and is distinct from the principal pathway traversed by the majority of transported Na+ and K+ ions that passes through binding site II. The inferred occurrence of Na+/K+ exchange and H+ import during the same conformational cycle of a single molecule identifies the Na+/K+ pump as a hybrid transporter. Whether Na+/K+ pump–mediated proton inflow may have any physiological or pathophysiological significance remains to be clarified. PMID

Route, mechanism, and implications of proton import during Na+/K+ exchange by native Na+/K+-ATPase pumps.

Science.gov (United States)

Vedovato, Natascia; Gadsby, David C

2014-04-01

A single Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase pumps three Na(+) outwards and two K(+) inwards by alternately exposing ion-binding sites to opposite sides of the membrane in a conformational sequence coupled to pump autophosphorylation from ATP and auto-dephosphorylation. The larger flow of Na(+) than K(+) generates outward current across the cell membrane. Less well understood is the ability of Na(+)/K(+) pumps to generate an inward current of protons. Originally noted in pumps deprived of external K(+) and Na(+) ions, as inward current at negative membrane potentials that becomes amplified when external pH is lowered, this proton current is generally viewed as an artifact of those unnatural conditions. We demonstrate here that this inward current also flows at physiological K(+) and Na(+) concentrations. We show that protons exploit ready reversibility of conformational changes associated with extracellular Na(+) release from phosphorylated Na(+)/K(+) pumps. Reversal of a subset of these transitions allows an extracellular proton to bind an acidic side chain and to be subsequently released to the cytoplasm. This back-step of phosphorylated Na(+)/K(+) pumps that enables proton import is not required for completion of the 3 Na(+)/2 K(+) transport cycle. However, the back-step occurs readily during Na(+)/K(+) transport when external K(+) ion binding and occlusion are delayed, and it occurs more frequently when lowered extracellular pH raises the probability of protonation of the externally accessible carboxylate side chain. The proton route passes through the Na(+)-selective binding site III and is distinct from the principal pathway traversed by the majority of transported Na(+) and K(+) ions that passes through binding site II. The inferred occurrence of Na(+)/K(+) exchange and H(+) import during the same conformational cycle of a single molecule identifies the Na(+)/K(+) pump as a hybrid transporter. Whether Na(+)/K(+) pump-mediated proton inflow may have any physiological or

Growth mechanism of NaClO 3 and NaBrO 3 crystals from aqueous ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

A study of growth rates of NaClO3 and NaBrO3 has been carried out using a small growth cell by in situ observation. Normal growth rates of {100} faces of NaClO3 and {111} faces of NaBrO3 along ⟨ 110 ⟩ direction are measured under relatively high supersaturation ranging from 3–8%. In the initial stages of growth, {100}, ...

Rescue of Na+ affinity in aspartate 928 mutants of Na+,K+-ATPase by secondary mutation of glutamate 314.

Science.gov (United States)

Holm, Rikke; Einholm, Anja P; Andersen, Jens P; Vilsen, Bente

2015-04-10

The Na(+),K(+)-ATPase binds Na(+) at three transport sites denoted I, II, and III, of which site III is Na(+)-specific and suggested to be the first occupied in the cooperative binding process activating phosphorylation from ATP. Here we demonstrate that the asparagine substitution of the aspartate associated with site III found in patients with rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism or alternating hemiplegia of childhood causes a dramatic reduction of Na(+) affinity in the α1-, α2-, and α3-isoforms of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, whereas other substitutions of this aspartate are much less disruptive. This is likely due to interference by the amide function of the asparagine side chain with Na(+)-coordinating residues in site III. Remarkably, the Na(+) affinity of site III aspartate to asparagine and alanine mutants is rescued by second-site mutation of a glutamate in the extracellular part of the fourth transmembrane helix, distant to site III. This gain-of-function mutation works without recovery of the lost cooperativity and selectivity of Na(+) binding and does not affect the E1-E2 conformational equilibrium or the maximum phosphorylation rate. Hence, the rescue of Na(+) affinity is likely intrinsic to the Na(+) binding pocket, and the underlying mechanism could be a tightening of Na(+) binding at Na(+) site II, possibly via movement of transmembrane helix four. The second-site mutation also improves Na(+),K(+) pump function in intact cells. Rescue of Na(+) affinity and Na(+) and K(+) transport by second-site mutation is unique in the history of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and points to new possibilities for treatment of neurological patients carrying Na(+),K(+)-ATPase mutations. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

The system NaVO3-Na2WO4-Na2W2O7

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kazanbekov, V.R.; Gasanaliev, A.M.; Kazanbekov, R.G.

1994-01-01

Phase diagrams of sodium metavanadate-sodium ditungstate, sodium metavanadate-sodium tungstate systems and surface of primary crystallization of sodium metavabadate-sodium tungstate-sodium ditungstate system were studied. The system sodium metavanadate-sodium ditungstate is eutectic one. Compound NaVO 3 x2Na 2 WO 4 is formed in solid state in sodium metavanadate-sodium tungstate system. Liquidus surface of sodium metavanadate-sodium tungstate-sodium ditungstate is presented by three crystallization fields of initial components. Composition and melting point of ternary eutectics are determined

Summer sudden Na number density enhancements measured with the ALOMAR Weber Na Lidar

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D. Heinrich

2008-05-01

Full Text Available We present summer Na-densities and atmospheric temperatures measured 80 to 110 km above the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR. The Weber Na Lidar is part of ALOMAR, located at 69° N in Norway, 150 km north of the Arctic Circle. The sun does not set here during the summer months, and measurements require a narrowband Faraday Anomalous Dispersion Optical Filter (FADOF.

We discuss an observed sudden enhancement in the Na number density around 22:00 UT on 1 to 2 June 2006. We compare this observation with previous summer measurements and find a frequent appearance of Na number density enhancements near local midnight. We describe the time of appearance, the altitude distribution, the duration and the strength of these enhancements and compare them to winter observations. We investigate possible formation mechanisms and, as others before, we find a strong link between these Na number density enhancements and sporadic E layers.

Summer sudden Na number density enhancements measured with the ALOMAR Weber Na Lidar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. Heinrich

2008-05-01

Full Text Available We present summer Na-densities and atmospheric temperatures measured 80 to 110 km above the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR. The Weber Na Lidar is part of ALOMAR, located at 69° N in Norway, 150 km north of the Arctic Circle. The sun does not set here during the summer months, and measurements require a narrowband Faraday Anomalous Dispersion Optical Filter (FADOF. We discuss an observed sudden enhancement in the Na number density around 22:00 UT on 1 to 2 June 2006. We compare this observation with previous summer measurements and find a frequent appearance of Na number density enhancements near local midnight. We describe the time of appearance, the altitude distribution, the duration and the strength of these enhancements and compare them to winter observations. We investigate possible formation mechanisms and, as others before, we find a strong link between these Na number density enhancements and sporadic E layers.

Perfil lipídico: intervalos de referência em escolares de 2 a 9 anos de idade da cidade de Maracaí (SP

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Seki Mario

2003-01-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: As recentes publicações disponíveis em nosso meio sobre dislipidemias na infância indicam progressão de uma silenciosa epidemia, que pode agravar as taxas de morbidade e mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares nos próximos anos. Na falta de padronização dos intervalos de referência para população brasileira, muitos autores utilizam valores procedentes de outros países, em particular os recomendados pelas III Diretrizes Brasileiras Sobre Dislipidemias (III DBSD, 2001, que foram transcritos do National Cholesterol Education Program-NCEP (EUA, 1992. OBJETIVO: Estabelecer intervalos de referência para triglicerídeos (TG, colesterol total (CT e frações em escolares de 2 a 9 anos de idade da cidade de Maracaí, SP. MÉTODOS: delineamento transversal. Foram avaliados perfis lipídicos de 1.202 alunos de seis escolas (cinco públicas e uma privada, de 2 a 9 anos de idade, no período de 25 de março a 8 de outubro de 2002. Empregaram-se reações enzimáticas para determinações de TG e CT, kits Johnson & Johnson, metodologia de química seca e auto-analisador Vitros 750. Utilizaram-se reagentes magnéticos (sulfato de dextran e cloreto de magnésio, Johnson & Johnson para precipitação de LDL-c e VLDL-c e subseqüente determinação enzimática de HDL-c. O LDL-c foi obtido através de cálculo de Friedewald para TG abaixo de 400mg/dl; valores superiores a este foram determinados com kits Merck CHOD-PAP e leitura fotométrica. RESULTADOS: As exclusões totalizaram 266 casos e os analisados, 936. Os valores obtidos na amostra estudada diferem dos intervalos de referência recomendados pelas III DBSD. As maiores variações dos resultados de Maracaí, em relação às III DBSD, foram do percentil 95 de TG: 130mg/dl (+ 30%; percentil 75 de LDL-c: 101,1mg/dl (-8,1%; percentil 5 de HDL-c: 34mg/dl (-15%. DISCUSSÃO: os intervalos de referência transcritos de outros países desconsideram diferenças étnicas, socioecon

Muziki wa Hip Hop na Haki Za Kijamii: Dhima, Changamoto na ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ni dhahiri kuwa haki za kijamii zinaweza kuwasilishwa kwa jamii pana kupitia sanaa ya hip hop. Makala haya basi, yanabainisha dhima na mchango wa muziki wa hip hop katika masuala ya haki za kijamii, yanafafanua changamoto za muziki huu katika kuwasilisha haki za kijamii na kutoa mapendekezo kwa makundi ...

Sequential growth of sandwiched NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell–shell nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Peng, Huang-Yong; Ding, Bin-Bin; Ma, Yin-Chu [Department of Medical Materials and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China); Sun, Shi-Qi [State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046 (China); Tao, Wei [Department of Medical Materials and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China); Guo, Yan-Chuan [Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Guo, Hui-Chen, E-mail: ghch-2004@hotmail.com [State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046 (China); Yang, Xian-Zhu, E-mail: yangxz@hftu.edu.cn [Department of Medical Materials and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China); Qian, Hai-Sheng, E-mail: shqian@hfut.edu.cn [Department of Medical Materials and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China)

2015-12-01

Graphical abstract: The monodisperse elliptical NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell–shell nanoparticles have been synthesized successfully by a facile sequential growth process, which can be used as transducer for photodynamic therapy of cancer cells. - Highlights: • The NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb nanoparticles have been fabricated successfully. • The as-prepared nanoparticles show strong fluorescence excited at 980 or 808 nm. • The nanoparticles were transferred into the aqueous phase via a facile process. • Photosensitizers were loaded into the composites for photodynamic therapy. - Abstract: Upconversion (UC) nanostructures have attracted much interest for their extensive biological applications. In this work, we describe a sequential synthetic route to prepare sandwiched NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell upconversion nanoparticles. The as-prepared products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM 2100F), respectively. The as-prepared core–shell nanoparticles of NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb are composed of elliptical nanoparticles with a length of 80 nm and width of 42 nm, which show efficient upconversion fluorescence excited at 808 nm indicating the formation of core–shell–shell sandwiched nanostructures. In addition, the as-prepared sandwiched NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell upconversion nanoparticles also show strong upconversion fluorescence excited at 980 nm. Amphiphilic mPEG{sub 2k}-b-PEBEP{sub 6K} copolymers (denoted as PPE) were chosen to transfer these hydrophobic UCNPs into the aqueous phase for biological application. In vitro photodynamic therapy of cancer cells show that the viability of cells incubated with the nanoparticles loaded with MC 540 was significantly lower as compared to the nanoparticles without photosensitizers exposed to NIR laser.

Intracellular Na+ regulation of Na+ pump sites in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Allen, J.C.; Navran, S.S.; Seidel, C.L.; Dennison, D.K.; Amann, J.M.; Jemelka, S.K.

1989-01-01

Enzymatically dispersed cells from canine saphenous vein and femoral artery were grown in fetal calf serum and studied at day 0 (freshly dispersed) through confluence in primary culture. Intracellular Na levels (Nai), but not intracellular K (Ki), were increased after 24 h in culture and then decreased to a steady state by 4 days. Na+ pump site number [( 3 H] ouabain binding) increased through day 3 and remained elevated. Nai was still elevated at 2 days when the Na+ pump site number began to increase. Total pump turnover (maximum ouabain-inhibited 86 Rb uptake) reflected the increase in Na+ pump site number. These key events precede the observed increases in both protein production and cellular proliferation. If the same cells are maintained in defined medium, without fetal calf serum, Nai, Ki, and the number of [ 3 H]ouabain binding sites do not change with time. These data are consistent with the suggestion that the initial mitogenic response of vascular smooth muscle cells to fetal calf serum involves an increased Na+ influx, and a Nai accumulation, caused by low Na+ pump density. The synthesis of new pump sites effects a decrease in the accumulated Nai, which may be related to cell proliferation

On the Stability of NaO2 in Na-O2 Batteries.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Chenjuan; Carboni, Marco; Brant, William R; Pan, Ruijun; Hedman, Jonas; Zhu, Jiefang; Gustafsson, Torbjörn; Younesi, Reza

2018-04-25

Na-O 2 batteries are regarded as promising candidates for energy storage. They have higher energy efficiency, rate capability, and chemical reversibility than Li-O 2 batteries; in addition, sodium is cheaper and more abundant compared to lithium. However, inconsistent observations and instability of discharge products have inhibited the understanding of the working mechanism of this technology. In this work, we have investigated a number of factors that influence the stability of the discharge products. By means of in operando powder X-ray diffraction study, the influence of oxygen, sodium anode, salt, solvent, and carbon cathode were investigated. The Na metal anode and an ether-based solvent are the main factors that lead to the instability and decomposition of NaO 2 in the cell environment. This fundamental insight brings new information on the working mechanism of Na-O 2 batteries.

NaK handling and removal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Desreumaux, J.; Rodriguez, G.; Guigon, A.; Verdelli, J.; Thomine, G.

1997-01-01

Sodium-potassium alloy is used in specific application in French Fast Breeder Reactors as: cold traps, NaK bubbler for argon purification, valves and also in experimental irradiation devices. lt has been preferred to sodium because it is liquid from + 7 deg. C for the most common peritectic alloy. After its use, NaK is considered as a hazardous waste (nuclear or not) due to its high reactivity with air and water. The most important risk remains in handling NaK systems which have not been operated for some time. The NaK will be covered with a crust of the superoxide K02 which is a strong oxidising agent. Thermodynamically, K02 will react with most organic material or metallic dust or swarfs and can also react with additional NaK to give sufficient heat to boil part of the NaK, resulting in a sudden increase in pressure and small explosions. We describe the formation given to experimenters in our Sodium School and the CEA's experience in treating specific devices for transportation, decanting of tanks, tank opening and NaK removal. (author)

La Leche: consideraciones sobre la higiene y la alimentacion

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Gonzalo Luque Forero

1988-08-01

Full Text Available

I. De acuerdo con estudios realizados en las Universidades Nacional y de los Andes y la Secretaría de Salud, un alto porcentaje de las leches que se consumen en el Distrito Especial, presentaron adulteraciones y deficiente calidad fisicoquímica y microbiológica.

Un bajo porcentaje cumplió con todas las normas del Ministerio de Salud y se trata de Plantas que reciben y procesan leches de hatos, en donde las instalaciones, la alimentación, la sanidad, la calidad genética y la producción
están a la altura de los países industrializados.

II. El consumo de leche en el país es bajo y no alcanza los niveles recomendados por los organismos de Salud.

III. La leche es susceptible de contaminarse por la ignorancia, negligencia, prácticas fraudulentas o el empleo de técnicas inadecuadas en su procesamiento, transporte, conservación, comercialización e industrialización.

IV. Se plantean interrogantes sobre la presencia en la leche, de residuos de antibióticos, pesticidas, hormonas, tranquilizantes, compuestos inorgánicos y la forma como puedan estar afectando la salud humana.

V. La contaminación cada vez mayor del ambiente, el rápido transporte de los alimentos; sus técnicas de elaboración, los cambios en los hábitos alimentarios, han aumentado los peligros de enfermedades que se pueden trasmitir por los alimentos.

VI. La Salud depende en buena parte de la alimentación y si los alimentos de origen animal son medios de propagación de agentes patógenos y tóxicos, la respuesta a este interrogante no es solamente cómo aumentar la producción, sino cómo alimentar una población afectada por pobreza y desnutrición con alimentos sanos.

Angiotensin II-induced hypertension increases plasma membrane Na pump activity by enhancing Na entry in rat thick ascending limbs.

Science.gov (United States)

Gonzalez-Vicente, Agustin; Garvin, Jeffrey L

2013-11-01

Thick ascending limbs (TAL) reabsorb 30% of the filtered NaCl load. Na enters the cells via apical Na-K-2Cl cotransporters and Na/H exchangers and exits via basolateral Na pumps. Chronic angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion increases net TAL Na transport and Na apical entry; however, little is known about its effects on the basolateral Na pump. We hypothesized that in rat TALs Na pump activity is enhanced by ANG II-infusion, a model of ANG II-induced hypertension. Rats were infused with 200 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1) ANG II or vehicle for 7 days, and TAL suspensions were obtained. We studied plasma membrane Na pump activity by measuring changes in 1) intracellular Na (Nai) induced by ouabain; and 2) ouabain-sensitive oxygen consumption (QO2). We found that the ouabain-sensitive rise in Nai in TALs from ANG II-infused rats was 12.8 ± 0.4 arbitrary fluorescent units (AFU)·mg(-1)·min(-1) compared with only 9.9 ± 1.1 AFU·mg(-1)·min(-1) in controls (P Na pump expression, the number of Na pumps in the plasma membrane, or the affinity for Na. When furosemide (1.1 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) was coinfused with ANG II, no increase in plasma membrane Na pump activity was observed. We concluded that in ANG II-induced hypertension Na pump activity is increased in the plasma membrane of TALs and that this increase is caused by the chronically enhanced Na entry occurring in this model.

Guía para la evaluación del riesgo de los polinizadores

Science.gov (United States)

La Guía para la evaluación del riesgo de los polinizadores de la EPA es parte de una estrategia de la evaluación de los riesgos que presentan los pesticidas para las abejas a fin de mejorar la protección de los polinizadores.

Silicene for Na-ion battery applications

KAUST Repository

Zhu, Jiajie

2016-08-19

Na-ion batteries are promising candidates to replace Li-ion batteries in large scale applications because of the advantages in natural abundance and cost of Na. Silicene has potential as the anode in Li-ion batteries but so far has not received attention with respect to Na-ion batteries. In this context, freestanding silicene, a graphene-silicene-graphene heterostructure, and a graphene-silicene superlattice are investigated for possible application in Na-ion batteries, using first-principles calculations. The calculated Na capacities of 954mAh/g for freestanding silicene and 730mAh/g for the graphenesilicene superlattice (10% biaxial tensile strain) are highly competitive and potentials of >0.3 V against the Na/Na potential exceed the corresponding value of graphite. In addition, the diffusion barriers are predicted to be <0.3 eV.

Hydrolysis of Rice Straw Pretreated by Na2SO3 Over Fe-resin/NaCl

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

YANG Hui

2017-05-01

Full Text Available To increase the conversion of rice straw(RS and the yield of products, we employed three methods, which were ultrasonic wave, steam explosion and Na2SO3 pretreatment to pretreat RS(the treated RS noted as CS-RS, ZQ-RS and Na2SO3-RS, respectively and found that Na2SO3 treatment was the best pretreatment method based on XRD, SEM, elemental analysis and content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The conversion of Na2SO3-RS and the yield of total reducing sugar(TRS and levulinic acid(LA were 97.3%, 29.6% and 13.5%, respectively by 10% Fe-resin in 3.3% NaCl solution under 200 ℃.

O nefrologista como consultor ante a intoxicação aguda: epidemiologia das intoxicações graves no Rio Grande do Sul e métodos de aumento da depuração renal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Alberto Rodrigues Pedroso

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Intoxicações acidentais e intencionais constituem- se em fonte significativa de morbimortalidade. Em emergências ou UTIs, frequentemente o Nefrologista é chamado como consultor para auxiliar na indicação de medidas de aumento da depuração renal de agentes tóxicos. Revisamos o emprego de diálise nas intoxicações agudas por medicamentos ou pesticidas, cujo suporte especializado toxicológico foi realizado por telefone pelo Centro de Informação Toxicológica do Rio Grande do Sul (CIT-RS. Avaliamos a correlação entre necessidade de diálise e óbitos em coorte retrospectivo (1998- 2000. Dos 36.055 atendimentos, 337 foram identificados como graves, 245 preenchendo os critérios de inclusão exigidos. A idade média foi 30 ± 18 anos; 53% mulheres. Medicamentos frequentemente envolvidos foram anticonvulsivantes e antidepressivos, entre outros; quanto aos pesticidas, organofosforados, bipiridílicos e glifosato. Métodos de aumento da eliminação incluíram alcalinização urinária (n = 37 e métodos dialíticos. Diálise entre intoxicações severas ocorreu em 4,5% (n = 11, 3,67 procedimentos/ano (1/22,7 relatos de casos severos. No grupo que dialisou, em 91%, a circunstância foi tentativa de suicídio (principalmente fenobarbital e paraquat. Dois casos requereram hemoperfusão (cloranfenicol e paraquat. Óbitos entre pacientes graves não submetidos a diálise ocorreram em 25,6%, versus 36,3% entre dialisados (RR = 0,89; IC 95% = 0,54-1,35. Os achados podem ser explicados pelo poder estatístico associado ao número de procedimentos realizados. O Nefrologista deve estar atento para situações que requerem o emprego de medidas dialíticas, ainda que não necessariamente para substituição renal, mas para aumento da depuração do agente tóxico.

Efecto del enriquecimiento con nutrientes en la degradación de clorpirifos, malatión y metil paratión Inorganic nutrients effect addition over the chlorpyrifos, malathion and methyl parathion degradation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. A. Upegui

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Con el fin de evaluar el efecto del enriquecimiento con nutrientes (una sal de fósforo o un fertilizante comercial con N, P y K como alternativa para mejorar la capacidad de degradación de los microorganismos en una matriz sólida, contaminada con los pesticidas organofosforados: clorpirifos, malatión y metil paratión, se realizaron experimentos de cultivo bajo condiciones controladas de oscuridad, temperatura y humedad por 30 días. En todos los tratamientos hubo degradación de los pesticidas; sin embargo, en el tratamiento con fósforo los tiempos para degradar el clorpirifos y el metil paratión fueron mayores. La presencia de los pesticidas no generó efectos tóxicos detectables sobre la microflora en ninguno de los tratamientos evaluados. La actividad biológica de las matrices no presentó una relación directa con la capacidad de degradación.In order to evaluate the effect of inorganic nutrient addition (phosphorus or commercial fertilizer over the microbial degradation capacity present in a solid matrix contaminated with chlorpyrifos, malathion and methyl parathion, microcosms assays were held under controlled conditions of light, moisture and temperature for 30 days. Results showed that even though three treatments microorganisms were able to degrade the three organophosphorus pesticides, microorganisms of phosphorus-enrichment treatment were less efficient to degrade Chlorpyrifos and Methyl Parathion than microorganisms of Fertilizer-enrichment treatment. It was not observed a direct relation between mineralization and microbial pesticides degradation capacity. The microbial activity was not affected by the presence of organophosphorus pesticides.

Na+/H+ and Na+/NH4+ exchange activities of zebrafish NHE3b expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Science.gov (United States)

Ito, Yusuke; Kato, Akira; Hirata, Taku; Hirose, Shigehisa

2014-01-01

Zebrafish Na+/H+ exchanger 3b (zNHE3b) is highly expressed in the apical membrane of ionocytes where Na+ is absorbed from ion-poor fresh water against a concentration gradient. Much in vivo data indicated that zNHE3b is involved in Na+ absorption but not leakage. However, zNHE3b-mediated Na+ absorption has not been thermodynamically explained, and zNHE3b activity has not been measured. To address this issue, we overexpressed zNHE3b in Xenopus oocytes and characterized its activity by electrophysiology. Exposure of zNHE3b oocytes to Na+-free media resulted in significant decrease in intracellular pH (pHi) and intracellular Na+ activity (aNai). aNai increased significantly when the cytoplasm was acidified by media containing CO2-HCO3− or butyrate. Activity of zNHE3b was inhibited by amiloride or 5-ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA). Although the activity was accompanied by a large hyperpolarization of ∼50 mV, voltage-clamp experiments showed that Na+/H+ exchange activity of zNHE3b is electroneutral. Exposure of zNHE3b oocytes to medium containing NH3/NH4+ resulted in significant decreases in pHi and aNai and significant increase in intracellular NH4+ activity, indicating that zNHE3b mediates the Na+/NH4+ exchange. In low-Na+ (0.5 mM) media, zNHE3b oocytes maintained aNai of 1.3 mM, and Na+-influx was observed when pHi was decreased by media containing CO2-HCO3− or butyrate. These results provide thermodynamic evidence that zNHE3b mediates Na+ absorption from ion-poor fresh water by its Na+/H+ and Na+/NH4+ exchange activities. PMID:24401990

The relation between aging, aortic NaF avidity and coronary artery NaF avidity: A NaF PET CT study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Blomberg, Björn; Thomassen, Anders; Hildebrandt, Malene

2013-01-01

volunteers without traditional cardiovascular risk factors were prospectively assessed by Sodium 18-Fluoride (Na-18F) PET CT imaging. Global aortic uptake of Na-18F was determined by calculating the average aortic blood pool subtracted maximum standardized uptake value (cSUV) [maximum SUVaorta - mean...

Rescue of Na+ and H+ binding in Na+,K+-ATPase M8 aspartate mutants by secondary mutation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm, Rikke; Einholm, Anja P.; Andersen, Jens Peter

A mutation replacing the aspartate in transmembrane segment M8 in the a3-isoform of Na,K-ATPase with asparagine has been found in patients with rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism or alternating hemiplegia of childhood. This aspartate may be a critical Na+ coordinating residue, but the crystal......-isoforms of Na,K-ATPase, and much smaller effects were seen for other mutations to the M8 aspartate, which were less disruptive of Na+ binding than mutations to other residues related to Na+ site III. The D928 (rat a1 numbering) mutations strongly diminished the cooperativity of Na+ binding. Moreover the p......H optimum of Na,K-ATPase activity was left-shifted, again with D928N being most disruptive. The reduced affinity for activating Na+ and for inhibitory protons, caused by D928N and D928A mutations, could be rescued by introduction of an additional mutation of a glutamate located far away from D928....

Salinity tolerance in barley (hordeum vulgare l.): effects of varying NaCl, K/sup +/ Na/sup +/ and NaHCO/sub 3/ levels on cultivars differing in tolerance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mahmood, K.

2011-01-01

Although barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is regarded as salt tolerant among crop plants, its growth and plant development is severely affected by ionic and osmotic stresses in salt-affected soils. To elucidate the tolerance mechanism, growth and ion uptake of three barley cultivars, differing in salt tolerance, were examined under different levels of NaCl, K/sup +/ Na/sup +/ and NaHCO/sub 3/ in the root medium. The cultivars differed greatly in their responses to varying root medium conditions. Plant growth was more adversely affected by NaHCO/sub 3/ than NaCl. In general, biomass yields were comparable under control and 100 mM NaCl. However, growth of all three cultivars was significantly inhibited by NaHCO/sub 3/ even at low concentration (10 mM). Improved K/sup +/ supply in saline medium increased K/sup +/ uptake and growth of less tolerant cultivars. K/sup +/ uptake was more adversely affected by NaHCO/sub 3/ than NaCl salinity. Selective K/sup +/ uptake and lower Cl/sup -/ in shoots seemed to be associated with the growth responses. K application would help better growth of these cultivars on K-deficient saline-sodic soils and under irrigation with poor quality water having high Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and/or Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR). (author)

Adaptación de una encuesta bioconductual para la vigilancia del VIH en mujeres trabajadoras sexuales chilenas

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Bielka Carvajal

2017-11-01

Discusión: El cuestionario adaptado para Chile contiene todos los indicadores para MTS recomendados por ONUSIDA, así como los recomendados por el Familly Health International para la vigilancia bioconductual. El instrumento definitivo emerge como una herramienta para la vigilancia de segunda generación del VIH y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual en Chile, y como un aporte al abordaje de políticas preventivas en la población de MTS.

Glutathionylation-Dependence of Na+-K+-Pump Currents Can Mimic Reduced Subsarcolemmal Na+ Diffusion

OpenAIRE

Garcia, Alvaro; Liu, Chia-Chi; Cornelius, Flemming; Clarke, Ronald?J.; Rasmussen, Helge?H.

2016-01-01

The existence of a subsarcolemmal space with restricted diffusion for Na+ in cardiac myocytes has been inferred from a transient peak electrogenic Na+-K+ pump current beyond steady state on reexposure of myocytes to K+ after a period of exposure to K+-free extracellular solution. The transient peak current is attributed to enhanced electrogenic pumping of Na+ that accumulated in the diffusion-restricted space during pump inhibition in K+-free extracellular solution. However, there are no know...

Myocardial Na,K-ATPase: Clinical aspects

OpenAIRE

Kjeldsen, Keld

2003-01-01

The specific binding of digitalis glycosides to Na,K-ATPase is used as a tool for Na,K-ATPase quantification with high accuracy and precision. In myocardial biopsies from patients with heart failure, total Na,K-ATPase concentration is decreased by around 40%; a correlation exists between a decrease in heart function and a decrease in Na,K-ATPase concentration. During digitalization, around 30% of remaining pumps are occupied by digoxin. Myocardial Na,K-ATPase is also influenced by other drugs...

Down-Regulation of the Na+-Coupled Phosphate Transporter NaPi-IIa by AMP-Activated Protein Kinase

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Miribane Dërmaku-Sopjani

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Background/Aims: The Na+-coupled phosphate transporter NaPi-IIa is the main carrier accomplishing renal tubular phosphate reabsorption. It is driven by the electrochemical Na+ gradient across the apical cell membrane, which is maintained by Na+ extrusion across the basolateral cell membrane through the Na+/K+ ATPase. The operation of NaPi-IIa thus requires energy in order to avoid cellular Na+ accumulation and K+ loss with eventual decrease of cell membrane potential, Cl- entry and cell swelling. Upon energy depletion, early inhibition of Na+-coupled transport processes may delay cell swelling and thus foster cell survival. Energy depletion is sensed by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, a serine/threonine kinase stimulating several cellular mechanisms increasing energy production and limiting energy utilization. The present study explored whether AMPK influences the activity of NAPi-IIa. Methods: cRNA encoding NAPi-IIa was injected into Xenopus oocytes with or without additional expression of wild-type AMPK (AMPKα1-HA+AMPKβ1-Flag+AMPKγ1-HA, of inactive AMPKαK45R (AMPKα1K45R+AMPKβ1-Flag+AMPKγ1-HA or of constitutively active AMPKγR70Q (AMPKα1-HA+AMPKβ1-Flag+AMPKγ1R70Q. NaPi-IIa activity was estimated from phosphate-induced current in dual electrode voltage clamp experiments. Results: In NaPi-IIa-expressing, but not in water-injected Xenopus oocytes, the addition of phosphate (1 mM to the extracellular bath solution generated a current (Ip, which was significantly decreased by coexpression of wild-type AMPK and of AMPKγR70Q but not of AMPKαK45R. The phosphate-induced current in NaPi-IIa- and AMPK-expressing Xenopus ooocytes was significantly increased by AMPK inhibitor Compound C (20 µM. Kinetic analysis revealed that AMPK significantly decreased the maximal transport rate. Conclusion: The AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK is a powerful regulator of NaPi-IIa and thus of renal tubular phosphate transport.

Thermodynamic study of NaFe complex oxides. High temperature properties of Na sub 5 FeO sub 4 and Na sub 3 FeO sub 3

CERN Document Server

Furukawa, T

2002-01-01

In order to contribute the investigation into corrosion mechanism of the structural materials by leakage sodium, thermodynamic study of Na-Fe complex oxides formed by the reactions was carried out. Na sub 5 FeO sub 4 and Na sub 3 FeO sub 3 were used as the sample. Its high temperature properties (i.e. melting, solidification and transformation) were observed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, DSC. Moreover, the original test named 'melting point confirmation test' was performed for the observation of traces of melting and solidification after the tests. Following contents have been obtained by this study. (1) Na sub 5 FeO sub 4 was stably as the solid without phase transformation and melting until 800degC. However, the compound was showing a tendency to change into Na sub 4 FeO sub 3 with temperature increasing under the low oxygen potential. (2) The stability of Na sub 3 FeO sub 3 is the same as that of Na sub 5 FeO sub 4 until 700degC. Over the temperature, the compound was changed differential compound ...

Metallic Na formation in NaCl crystals with irradiation of electron or vacuum ultraviolet photon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Owaki, Shigehiro [Osaka Prefecture Univ., Sakai, Osaka (Japan). Coll. of Integrated Arts and Sciences; Koyama, Shigeko; Takahashi, Masao; Kamada, Masao; Suzuki, Ryouichi

1997-03-01

Metallic Na was formed in NaCl single crystals with irradiation of a variety of radiation sources and analyzed the physical states with several methods. In the case of irradiation of 21 MeV electron pulses to the crystal blocks, the optical absorption and lifetime measurement of positron annihilation indicated appearance of Na clusters inside. Radiation effects of electron beam of 30 keV to the crystals in vacuum showed the appearance of not only metallic Na but atomic one during irradiation with Auger electron spectroscopy. Intense photon fluxes in vacuum ultraviolet region of synchrotron radiation were used as another source and an analyzing method of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed the metallic Na layered so thick that bulk plasmon can exist. (author)

Determination of pesticide residues in olives by liquid extraction surface analysis followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gómez-Almenar, M. C.

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Nowadays, pesticides are essential in modern agriculture for crop protection, however, this use supposes a potential risk for human health and the environment. Traditional techniques of pesticide determination require the use of laborious and complex extraction methods to separate pesticides from the matrix, above all in fatty matrices like olives. For this reason, a new simple, rapid, cheap and selective method for the extraction and quantification of the most frequently used pesticides in olive growing has been developed. Pesticide determination was carried out by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS. Mean recoveries were found in a range between 73 and 114% with relative standard deviations lower than 20% in most pesticides evaluated and the limits of detection (LODs and quantification (LOQs were lower than 4 μg· kg-1 and 8 μg· kg-1, respectively. Finally, this method was applied to the analysis of 25 olive samples where Dimethoate and Terbuthylazine were detected in some cases, but their results were lower than 15 μg· kg-1.Hoy en día los pesticidas son esenciales en la agricultura moderna para la protección de los cultivos pero su uso supone un riesgo para la salud y el medio ambiente. Las técnicas tradicionales de determinación de pesticidas requieren el uso de métodos de extracción complejos a fin de separar los pesticidas de la matriz, sobre todo en matrices grasas como las aceitunas. Por ello, se ha desarrollado un nuevo método simple, rápido, barato y selectivo para la extracción y cuantificación de los pesticidas más frecuentemente utilizados en el cultivo del olivo, empleando cromatografía líquida de ultra-resolución (UPLC acoplada a espectrometría de masas (MS/MS. Las recuperaciones alcanzadas variaron entre el 73 y 114% obteniendo desviaciones estándar relativas inferiores al 20%. Los límites de detección (LD y cuantificación (LQ fueron

Crioterapia no pos-parto: tempo de aplicacao e mudancas na temperatura perineal

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Adriana Amorim Francisco

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Estudo descritivo com dados de dois ensaios clínicos realizados em 2008 e 2009 em uma maternidade de uma instituição filantrópica da cidade de São Paulo. Teve como objetivo descrever a temperatura perineal após a aplicação de bolsa de gelo no pós-parto normal. Três grupos com 38 puérperas cada (n=114 receberam aplicação perineal de bolsa de gelo entre 2 e 48h após o parto. Os achados indicaram que com 10 min de crioterapia as médias da temperatura perineal atingiram de 13,3 a 15,3oC, com pequena redução de temperatura ao final de aplicações de 15 e 20 minutos (2,4 e 2,7o, respectivamente. Após resfriamento por 10 min., as mulheres referiram frio e alívio e, depois de 15 a 20 min., dormência e anestesia local. Conclui-se que 10 minutos de aplicação foram suficientes para reduzir a temperatura perineal aos níveis recomendados para analgesia (10-15oC.

Comportamento da cajazeira enxertada sobre umbuzeiro em Pacajus-CE

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Souza Francisco Xavier de

2002-01-01

Full Text Available A cajazeira é uma fruteira da família Anacardiaceae, explorada extrativamente, cujos frutos são nuculânios amarelos, de sabor agridoce, perfumados, ricos em carotenóides, açúcares, vitaminas A e C, denominados de taperebá, cajá-mirim ou cajá e muito utilizados na alimentação humana. Os problemas mais limitantes ao cultivo da cajazeira são a inexistência de clones recomendados para cultivo comercial e o elevado porte da planta. A cajazeira enxertada sobre umbuzeiro apresenta compatibilidade e afinidade entre as partes enxertadas e pouco interfere na forma de crescimento da planta, que é muito semelhante à de planta oriunda de semente, ou seja, tendência em formar caule de haste única e copa alta. A cultura ainda exige estudos sobre as modalidades e épocas de realização das podas para o controle do crescimento da planta e formação de copas que se enquadrem dentro de modelos de exploração intensiva.

Scintillation efficiency measurement of Na recoils in NaI(Tl) below the DAMA/LIBRA energy threshold

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xu, Jingke; Shields, Emily; Calaprice, Frank; Westerdale, Shawn; Froborg, Francis; Suerfu, Burkhant; Alexander, Thomas; Aprahamian, Ani; Back, Henning O.; Casarella, Clark; Fang, Xiao; Gupta, Yogesh K.; Ianni, Aldo; Lamere, Edward; Lippincott, W. Hugh; Liu, Qian; Lyons, Stephanie; Siegl, Kevin; Smith, Mallory; Tan, Wanpeng; Kolk, Bryant Vande

2015-07-01

The dark matter interpretation of the DAMA modulation signal depends on the NaI(Tl) scintillation efficiency of nuclear recoils. Previous measurements for Na recoils have large discrepancies, especially in the DAMA/LIBRA modulation energy region. We report a quenching effect measurement of Na recoils in NaI(Tl) from 3 to 52 keVnr, covering the whole DAMA/LIBRA energy region for dark matter-Na scattering interpretations. By using a low-energy, pulsed neutron beam, a double time-of-flight technique, and pulse-shape discrimination methods, we obtained the most accurate measurement of this kind for NaI(Tl) to date. The results differ significantly from the DAMA reported values at low energies but fall between the other previous measurements. We present the implications of the new quenching results for the dark matter interpretation of the DAMA modulation signal.

Synthesis of Ag or Pt Nanoparticles by Hydrolysis of Either Ag2Na or PtNa

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Huabin Wang

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Ag and Pt nanoparticles have successfully been synthesized by hydrolysis of either Ag2Na or PtNa at room temperature. The oxidation of sodium in the Pt-Na pellets was much faster than that in the Ag-Na pellets since Pt is a catalyst for H2O formation reaction from hydrogen and oxygen at room temperature. The hydrolysis byproduct, NaOH, has a high solubility and easily is removed. This method offers a simple method of preparing transition metal nanoparticles. The Ag and Pt nanoparticles prepared by this method were crystalline in nature, and spherical in shape with a mean size of around 10 nm.

Dynamic polarizabilities and Van der Waals coefficients for alkali atoms Li, Na and alkali dimer molecules Li2, Na2 and NaLi

Science.gov (United States)

Mérawa, M.; Dargelos, A.

1998-07-01

The present paper gives an account of investigations of the polarizability of the alkali atoms Li, Na, diatomics homonuclear and heteronuclear Li2, Na2 and NaLi at SCF (Self Consistent Field) level of approximation and at correlated level, using a time Time-Dependent Gauge Invariant method (TDGI). Our static polarizability values agree with the best experimental and theoretical determinations. The Van der Waals C6 coefficients for the atom-atom, atom-dimer and dimer-dimer interactions have been evaluated. Les polarisabilités des atomes alcalins Li, Na, et des molécules diatomiques homonucléaires et hétéronucléaire Li2, Na2 et NaLi, ont été calculées au niveau SCF (Self Consistent Field) et au niveau corrélé à partir d'une méthode invariante de jauge dépendante du temps(TDGI). Nos valeurs des polarisabilités statiques sont en accord avec les meilleurs déterminations expérimentales et théoriques. Les coefficients C6 de Van de Waals pour les interactions atome-atome, atome-dimère et dimère-dimère ont également été évalués.

Structure-function relationships of Na+, K+, ATP, or Mg2+ binding and energy transduction in Na,K-ATPase

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jorgensen, Peter L.; Pedersen, Per Amstrup

2000-01-01

Na,K-ATPase; Mutagenesis; Na+ binding; K+ binding; Tl+ binding; Mg2+ binding; ATP binding; Cation binding site; Energy transduction......Na,K-ATPase; Mutagenesis; Na+ binding; K+ binding; Tl+ binding; Mg2+ binding; ATP binding; Cation binding site; Energy transduction...

At NA2

CERN Multimedia

1977-01-01

One of the NA2 calorimeter sections is moved in. The NA2 calorimeter was divided in two halves, to the left and the right of the beam, each half consisting of sheets of passive high Z material interleaved with blades of plastic scintillators. The photo shows on the right, the upstream 'electron' module with eleven lead plates for a total radiation length of 20.

Composición del mercado nacional de alimentos balanceados para tilapia en Costa Rica

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Ruth Vargas

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó el origen y proceso de fabricación de los alimentos balanceados para tilapias comercializados en el país e inscritos en el Programa de Registro y Control de Calidad de Alimentos Balanceados para Animales del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería. Además, se determinaron las prescripciones según la fase fisiol ógica y su composición química, así como las relaciones proteína cruda versus energía metabolizable y calcio – fósforo para compararlos contra los requerimientos recomendados. La calidad física fue evaluada en términos del tamaño de part ícula versus el tamaño del pez. El estudio de mercado consider ó el precio de venta de cada unidad de nutriente y su relaci ón que aportan los alimentos disponibles. Se determinó que un 82,35% de los registros son de origen nacional, un 88,23% de los alimentos son producidos por extrusión, y un 41% de las fórmulas son ofrecidas para todos los estadios, lo que provoca poca sustentación para comparar contra los requerimientos; a manera de ejemplo metodológico se determinó que los contenidos de proteína cruda de aquéllas fórmulas que son ofrecidas para alevines concuerdan con los niveles recomendados por la literatura. La situación de la calidad fí- sica es más crítica, por cuanto solamente un 23,53% de las garantías indican el tamaño del gránulo. Dado que el estudio de mercado arrojó que de las 17 garantías solamente se comercializan cinco se concluyó que comparar los alimentos por los precios unitarios de los nutrientes no coadyuva tampoco en la escogencia del alimento de manera importante.

Na+-K+ pump in chronic renal failure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deepak, K.; Kahn, T.

1987-01-01

This review summarizes the evidence for the defect in Na + -K + pump in chronic renal failure, considers the role of various factors in causing this defect, and discusses the clinical implications thereof. Intracellular Na is elevated in erythrocytes, leukocytes, and muscle cells from some patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Recent evidence suggest that this elevation of cell Na may be, in large part, a consequence of decreased number of Na + -K + pump units per cell. Maintenance dialysis over a period of weeks ameliorates the defect in intracellular Na + , and this improvement is contemporaneous with an increase in the number of Na + -K + pump sites per cell. In erythrocytes with normal cell Na + , acute hemodialysis increases the rate of 22 Na + and 42 K + transport. Many factors such as the presence of retained toxic metabolite or circulating inhibitor in the uremic plasma, or biochemical changes produced by acute hemodialysis, may explain this finding. In cells with high cell Na + , the pump-mediated 42 K + transport is normalized at the expense of a raised cell Na + . The decreased muscle membrane potential in uremic subjects has been attributed to a decreased activity of Na + -K + pump. The authors discuss the role of hormonal abnormalities and circulating inhibitors, which may cause an acute inhibition of the pump and of other factors such as K + depletion, which may cause more chronic alterations. The implications of alteration of Na + and K + pump transport and raised cell Na + on other non-pump-mediated transport pathways are discussed. Raised cell Na + may be a marker for the adequacy of maintenance dialysis in patients with end-stage renal failure

Pozitivni in negativni vplivi risank na otroke

OpenAIRE

Povše, Nika

2017-01-01

V tej diplomski nalogi smo raziskovali pozitivne in negativne vplive risank na otroke. Začeli smo z zgodovino televizije, tako svetovno zgodovino kot zgodovino televizije na Slovenskem. Na isti način smo pregledali tudi zgodovino risank. Raziskovali smo otrokov razvoj, predvsem tiste vidike, ki so izpostavljeni vplivom risank, kot so morala, jezik, domišljija in učenje. Sledilo je raziskovanje negativnih in pozitivnih vplivov, ki jih imajo risanke na otroke, kar je tudi naš glavni problem te ...

Prevalência e fatores associados ao tabagismo em fumicultores do Sul do Brasil

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Nadia Spada Fiori

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Resumo: O objetivo foi descrever a prevalência de tabagismo e fatores associados em fumicultores. Estudo transversal de base populacional, em 2.464 fumicultores, em 2011. Amostra obtida por randomização das notas fiscais emitidas pelos trabalhadores. A análise multivariada em homens avaliou a associação entre tabagismo e variáveis socioeconômicas, comportamentais e ocupacionais; 31,2% dos homens e 3,1% das mulheres eram tabagistas atuais. Entre homens, tabagismo associou-se diretamente à idade, escolaridade, renda, ser bebedor pesado, tempo de trabalho na fumicultura e tempo de exposição a pesticidas. Relação de trabalho foi um fator de risco para tabagismo e participar de atividades religiosas um fator de proteção. Fumicultores homens apresentaram múltiplos comportamentos de risco e uma prevalência de tabagismo maior do que outros agricultores. A naturalização do risco e a herança cultural podem ser fatores comuns a tais comportamentos e sugerem abordagens conjuntas.

Vpliv konfucija na sodobno izobraževanje na Kitajskem

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Katja Skitek

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Izobraževanje na Kitajskem je bilo vedno trdno povezano s Konfucijem in konfucianizmom, kar pa ni čudno, saj je bil Konfucij prvi, ki je poudarjal moč z nanja in izobraževanja. LR Kitajska je v zadnjih petdesetih letih počasi in postopoma začela uveljavljati določene spremembe v vzgojno-izobraževalni sistem. Kakšne so te spremembe in koliko nanje še vedno vpliva konfucianizem, bo osrednja tema pričujočega članka. Konfucianizem danes na Kitajskem ni preveč popularen, izobraženci pa so se razporedili v dve skupini: eni trdijo, da je njegov vpliv še vedno velik, drugi pa zatrjujejo, da nima več nobenega vpliva na sodobno življenje. Katera stran ima prav? Konfucij je v prvi vrsti poudarjal pomembnost moralnih vrednot vsakega človeka in prav moralne vrednote, za katere se je zavzemal, so še danes trdno zasidrane v kitajski kulturi. Ali je torej sploh mogoče popolnoma izriniti Konfucija iz sodobnega izobraževanja?

Low-spin states of 23Na

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bakkum, E.L.

1987-01-01

A study of 23 Na via the 22 Ne(p,γ) 23 Na and 23 Na(γ,γ) 23 Na reactions is presented. Only a limited number of resonances has been studied, selected on the basis of strong excitation of the lowest levels of which the spin was unknown. As a result the spins are now known of all levels of 23 Na with excitation energies up to 7 MeV, except for a few high-spin states which are too weakly excited in the decay of the known 22 Ne(p,γ) resonances. The mean lifetimes of the 23 Na levels at 4.43 and 7.89 MeV were found to be 350±70 and 220±17 attoseconds (1 attosecond = 10 -18 seconds) respectively. 97 refs.; 22 figs.; 12 tabs

Response of saliva Na/K ratio to changing Na supply of lactating cows under tropical conditions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Thiangtum, Wandee; Schonewille, J Thomas; Verstegen, Martin Wa; Arsawakulsudhi, Supot; Rukkwamsuk, Theera; Hendriks, Wouter H

BACKGROUND: Factorial determination of the sodium (Na) requirement of heat-stressed lactating cows is hindered by accurate estimates of the Na losses through sweat. Direct studies, therefore, may be needed requiring information on the time course of healthy animals to become Na depleted and the

Response of saliva Na/K ratio to changing Na supply of lactating cows under tropical conditions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Thiangtum, Wandee; Schonewille, Thomas J.; Verstegen, Martin W.A.; Arsawakulsudhi, Supot; Rukkwamsuk, Theera; Hendriks, Wouter H.

2017-01-01

BACKGROUND: Factorial determination of the sodium (Na) requirement of heat-stressed lactating cows is hindered by accurate estimates of the Na losses through sweat. Direct studies, therefore, may be needed requiring information on the time course of healthy animals to become Na depleted and the

Clues to NaCN formation

Science.gov (United States)

Quintana-Lacaci, G.; Cernicharo, J.; Velilla Prieto, L.; Agúndez, M.; Castro-Carrizo, A.; Fonfría, J. P.; Massalkhi, S.; Pardo, J. R.

2017-11-01

Context. ALMA is providing us essential information on where certain molecules form. Observing where these molecules emission arises from, the physical conditions of the gas, and how this relates with the presence of other species allows us to understand the formation of many species, and to significantly improve our knowledge of the chemistry that occurs in the space. Aims: We studied the molecular distribution of NaCN around IRC +10216, a molecule detected previously, but whose origin is not clear. High angular resolution maps allow us to model the abundance distribution of this molecule and check suggested formation paths. Methods: We modeled the emission of NaCN assuming local thermal equilibrium (LTE) conditions. These profiles were fitted to azimuthal averaged intensity profiles to obtain an abundance distribution of NaCN. Results: We found that the presence of NaCN seems compatible with the presence of CN, probably as a result of the photodissociation of HCN, in the inner layers of the ejecta of IRC +10216. However, similar as for CH3CN, current photochemical models fail to reproduce this CN reservoir. We also found that the abundance peak of NaCN appears at a radius of 3 × 1015 cm, approximately where the abundance of NaCl, suggested to be the parent species, starts to decay. However, the abundance ratio shows that the NaCl abundance is lower than that obtained for NaCN. We expect that the LTE assumption might result in NaCN abundances higher than the real ones. Updated photochemical models, collisional rates, and reaction rates are essential to determine the possible paths of the NaCN formation. Based on observations carried out with ALMA and the IRAM 30 m Telescope. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France

The effect of Na+ and K+ on the thermal denaturation of Na+ and + K+-dependent ATPase.

Science.gov (United States)

Fischer, T H

1983-01-01

To increase our understanding of the physical nature of the Na+ and K+ forms of the Na+ + K+-dependent ATPase, thermal-denaturation studies were conducted in different types of ionic media. Thermal-denaturation measurements were performed by measuring the regeneration of ATPase activity after slow pulse exposure to elevated temperatures. Two types of experiments were performed. First, the dependence of the thermal-denaturation rate on Na+ and K+ concentrations was examined. It was found that both cations stabilized the pump protein. Also, K+ was a more effective stabilizer of the native state than was Na+. Secondly, a set of thermodynamic parameters was obtained by measuring the temperature-dependence of the thermal-denaturation rate under three ionic conditions: 60 mM-K+, 150 mM-Na+ and no Na+ or K+. It was found that ion-mediated stabilization of the pump protein was accompanied by substantial increases in activation enthalpy and entropy, the net effect being a less-pronounced increase in activation free energy. PMID:6309139

Teste de eficiência de vacinas antiaftosa. II. Relação entre o Índice C em cobaias e o Índice Proteção Camundongos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ernani Ibirá Gonçalves

1994-03-01

Full Text Available O exame da eficiência de seis vacinas antiaftosa, realizado com os testes “Indice Proteção Camundongos” e "Índice C” utilizando 15 ou mais cobaias por diluição de vírus na titulação, demonstrou a presença de boa correlação e alta significância entre os resultados das duas provas. O valor do índice Proteção Camundongos foi aproximadamente o dobro do valor do índice C. Assim, o índice Proteção Camundongos pode ser recomendado como teste de eficiência de vacinas antiaftosa. principalmente quando se necessita um grande número de provas, devido a seu baixo custo e facilidade de execução, por usar exclusivamente camundongos.

Financiranje projekata na pomorskom dobru

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zoran Tasić

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Koncesije otvaraju vrlo osjetljiva politička, ekonomska i pravna pitanja u mnogim državama svijeta. Samo definiranje pojma koncesije često je komplicirana i ne sasvim jasna zadaća. OECD je prihvatila definiciju koncesije kao: ’’davanje prava privatnom trgovačkom društvu da može gospodarski upravljati određenom infrastrukturnim uslugama i za to zarađivati naknadu. Koncesionar dobija u posjed određene objekte (ali vlasništvo na tim objektima ostaje u rukama države te ih koristi u svrhu obavljanja određene djelatnosti ili usluge sukladno odredbama ugovora’’. Hrvatsko pravo definira koncesije načelno kao pravo stečeno temeljem ugovora o koncesiji, a sukladno uvjetima sadržanim u odluci o davanju koncesije (koju je donijelo odgovarajuće upravno tijelo, a u odnosu na pomorsko dobro, specifično, kao pravo državne vlasti da može dio pomorskog dobra, koje je inače dobro izvan pravnog prometa (res extra commercium, isključiti iz opće uporabe bilo dijelom ili u cijelosti, i dati ga fizičkoj ili pravnoj osobi na gospodarsko korištenje sukladno određenim prostornim planovima. Građevine i drugi objekti izgrađeni na pomorskom dobru čine njegov sastavni dio. Zakonom je jasno određeno da nikakva stvarna prava nisu dopuštena na pomorskom dobru, uključivo i na objektima izgrađenima na njemu. Projekti na pomorskom dobru često uključuju velike infrastrukturne projekte, razvoje luka i marina, koji iziskuju značajna financijska sredstva. Banke koje financiraju takve projekte zahtijevaju organiziran i transparentan zakonski okvir koncesija, slobodu ugovaranja, pravnu zaštitu svih strana uključenih u projekt (uključivo i mogućnost međunarodne arbitraže. (...

Controlled phase stability of highly Na-active triclinic structure in nanoscale high-voltage Na2-2xCo1+xP2O7 cathode for Na-ion batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Song, Hee Jo; Kim, Jae-Chan; Dar, Mushtaq Ahmad; Kim, Dong-Wan

2018-02-01

With the increasing demand for high energy density in energy-storage systems, a high-voltage cathode is essential in rechargeable Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. The operating voltage of a triclinic-polymorph Na2CoP2O7, also known as the rose form, is above 4.0 V (vs. Na/Na+), which is relatively high compared to that of other cathode materials. Thus, it can be employed as a potential high-voltage cathode material in Na-ion batteries. However, it is difficult to synthesize a pure rose phase because of its low phase stability, thus limiting its use in high-voltage applications. Herein, compositional-engineered, rose-phase Na2-2xCo1+xP2O7/C (x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2) nanopowder are prepared using a wet-chemical method. The Na2-2xCo1+xP2O7/C cathode shows high electrochemical reactivity with Na ions at 4.0 V, delivering high capacity and high energy density.

Optimization of NaOH Molarity, LUSI Mud/Alkaline Activator, and Na2SiO3/NaOH Ratio to Produce Lightweight Aggregate-Based Geopolymer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafiza Abdul Razak

2015-05-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the mechanical function and characterization of an artificial lightweight geopolymer aggregate (ALGA using LUSI (Sidoarjo mud and alkaline activator as source materials. LUSI stands for LU-Lumpur and SI-Sidoarjo, meaning mud from Sidoarjo which erupted near the Banjarpanji-1 exploration well in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia on 27 May 2006. The effect of NaOH molarity, LUSI mud/Alkaline activator (LM/AA ratio, and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio to the ALGA are investigated at a sintering temperature of 950 °C. The results show that the optimum NaOH molarity found in this study is 12 M due to the highest strength (lowest AIV value of 15.79% with lower water absorption and specific gravity. The optimum LUSI mud/Alkaline activator (LM/AA ratio of 1.7 and the Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 0.4 gives the highest strength with AIV value of 15.42% with specific gravity of 1.10 g/cm3 and water absorption of 4.7%. The major synthesized crystalline phases were identified as sodalite, quartz and albite. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM image showed more complete geopolymer matrix which contributes to highest strength of ALGA produced.

Optimization of NaOH Molarity, LUSI Mud/Alkaline Activator, and Na2SiO3/NaOH Ratio to Produce Lightweight Aggregate-Based Geopolymer

Science.gov (United States)

Abdul Razak, Rafiza; Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri; Hussin, Kamarudin; Ismail, Khairul Nizar; Hardjito, Djwantoro; Yahya, Zarina

2015-01-01

This paper presents the mechanical function and characterization of an artificial lightweight geopolymer aggregate (ALGA) using LUSI (Sidoarjo mud) and alkaline activator as source materials. LUSI stands for LU-Lumpur and SI-Sidoarjo, meaning mud from Sidoarjo which erupted near the Banjarpanji-1 exploration well in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia on 27 May 2006. The effect of NaOH molarity, LUSI mud/Alkaline activator (LM/AA) ratio, and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio to the ALGA are investigated at a sintering temperature of 950 °C. The results show that the optimum NaOH molarity found in this study is 12 M due to the highest strength (lowest AIV value) of 15.79% with lower water absorption and specific gravity. The optimum LUSI mud/Alkaline activator (LM/AA) ratio of 1.7 and the Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 0.4 gives the highest strength with AIV value of 15.42% with specific gravity of 1.10 g/cm3 and water absorption of 4.7%. The major synthesized crystalline phases were identified as sodalite, quartz and albite. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image showed more complete geopolymer matrix which contributes to highest strength of ALGA produced. PMID:26006238

UTJECAJ POZITIVNE DISKRIMINACIJE NA UKLJUČIVANJE ŽENA NA TRŽIŠTE RADA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ

OpenAIRE

Dovranić, Dora; Katavić, Ivica

2016-01-01

U početku 21. stoljeća često se koristi pojam pozitivne (afirmativne) diskriminacije. Pozitivna diskriminacija mjera je koju poduzima vlada, neka organizacija ili korporacija s ciljem da se smanje nejednakosti u društvu nastale upravo diskriminacijom, na način da se pružaju određene povlastice onima koji su pretrpjeli neku vrstu diskriminacije. Nastala je u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama na inicijativu predsjednika Kennedyja, Johnsona i Nixona. Diskriminacija, nažalost, ima mnogo oblika, a ne...

Reaction of metal oxides with molten mixtures NaPO3+NaCl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovarskaya, E.N.; Mityakhina, V.S.; Rodionov, Yu.I.; Silin, M.Yu.

1988-01-01

By methods of solubility determination and paper chromatography it is shown, that Fe 2 O 3 solution in NaPO 3 +NaCl melts in the air relizes due to its chemical interaction with solvent resulting in formation of iron and sodium binary di- and monophosphates depending on melt-solvent initial composition, its attainment of equilibrium state and experiment temperature. It is established, that oxides increased solubility in melts with NaCl initial content ∼30 mol.% is specified by sodium tri- and tricyclophosphates presence in the melts. On this basis of NGR-spectroscopy data the presence of iron, europium, tin and sodium binary di- and monophosphates in some chloride-polyphosphate melts is confirmed

Crystal structure of polyphosphates NaCd(PO3)3 and NaMn(PO3)3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murashova, E.V.; Chudinova, N.N.

1997-01-01

Crystal structure of NaCd(PO 3 ) 3 (1) and NaMn(PO 3 ) 3 (2) isostructural polyphosphates was determined for twin samples. Rhombic lattice parameters of (1): a = 14.678, b = 14.669, c = 14.705 A, sp. gr. P2 1 2 1 2 1 , Z = 16. The structure of compounds is of frame type. Polyphosphate chain with repetition period of 24 PO 4 tetrahedrons contacts with NaO 6 and M 2 O 6 octahedrons by means of common oxygen vertices. Similarities and differences in structure of mentioned polyphosphates and earlier analyzed NaMg(PO 3 ) 3 polyphosphate are noted [ru

Effect of growth in lithium on ouabain binding, Na-K-ATPase and Na and K transport in hela cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Boardman, L J; Hume, S P; Lamb, J F; Polson, J

1975-01-01

1. HeLa cells were grown for 24 hr in growth medium in which part of the Na was replaced with Li. Ion contents, cell volumes and numbers, Na-K-ATPase and specific ouabain binding were measured. In some experiments the Na efflux and net Na transport was also measured. 2. Growth in Li caused a rise in the specific ouabain binding and membrane Na-K-ATPase of these cells. The Li concentrations in the cells necessary to produce this effect ranged up to 50 mM. 3. It is suggested that Li, like Na, acts on the genetic material of the cells to cause the production of more Na pumps within the membrane. PMID:124350

Effects of EDTA-Na (Na ethylenediaminetetraacetate) upon the metabolism of radiostrontium and radioyttrium in mice

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kikuchi, T; Wakisaka, G; Kono, T; Hiroaki, A; Yamamasu, T; Sugawa, I

1954-01-01

The toxicity of EDTA-Na, inert Sr (NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/ and Ba (NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/ has been examined. Simultaneous injection of EDTA-Na showed no significant effect upon the distribution of radio-Sr in the bones of mice. The distribution of radio-Y in the bones of mice tended to decrease following the simultaneous subcutaneous injection of /sup 91/Y and EDTA-Na.

Effect of pigpel extender on the boar semen quality stored at different temperatures / Efeito do diluente pigpel na qualidade do sêmen suíno refrigerado em diferentes temperaturas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcio Nunes Corrêa

2009-12-01

Full Text Available This study aim to evaluate the quality of boar semen stored at different temperatures and media on PIGPEL5 extender, using egg yolk as an external membrane protector, and on PIGPEL5Plus, containing low density lipoprotein (LDL as protector. In the experiment 1, the semen doses were stored in a semen container at 5 and 17 °C and the results were compared with semen stored at 17 °C in BTS extender. In the experiment 2, the doses with the PIGPEL5 and PIGPEL5Plus extenders were stored in a commercial refrigerator and in semen container, both at 5 °C. The use of extenders with extracellular cryoprotectant (PIGPEL5 e PIGPEL5Plus showed higher (p 0.05 in the motility, membrane integrity and morphology for the substitution of egg yolk (PIGPEL5 for LDL (PIGPEL5Plus. In experiment 2, also there was no difference (p > 0.05 in motility, membrane integrity and morphology between extenders and type of container until 72 h. The conservation of semen on PIGPEL5 extender and commercial refrigerator (5 ºC allowed patterns of sperm quality according recommended for AI.Este estudo avaliou a qualidade do sêmen suíno preservado em diferentes temperaturas e meios de conservação no diluente PIGPEL5, utilizando gema de ovo como protetor externo de membrana, e no diluente PIGPEL5Plus, utilizando lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL como protetor. No experimento 1, as doses de sêmen foram conservadas em refrigerador de sêmen a 5 e 17 °C nos diluentes PIGPEL5 e PIGPEL5Plus e comparadas ao diluente BTS a 17 °C. Já no experimento 2, foi comparada a conservação do sêmen nos diluentes PIGPEL5 e PIGPEL5Plus em geladeira convencional ou em refrigerador de sêmen a 5 ºC. Observou-se que o uso de diluidores com crioprotetor extracelular (PIGPEL5 e PIGPEL5Plus apresentou maiores (p 0,05 na motilidade, integridade de membrana e morfologia para a substituição da gema de ovo (PIGPEL5 pela LDL (PIGPEL5Plus. No experimento 2, também não houve diferença na

Novel aspects of Na+,K+-ATPase

OpenAIRE

Aizman, Oleg

2002-01-01

Na,K-ATPase, an integral membrane protein expressed in each eukaryotic cell, serves as the major determinant of intracellular ion composition. In the current study we investigated novel aspects of Na,K-ATPase function and regulation. It is well established that Na,K-ATPase activity is regulated by reversible phosphorylation. New findings in this study are: 1) the level of intracellular Ca 2. concentration determines the functional effects of PKA and PKC-mediated Na,K-ATP...

High-Performance Na-O2 Batteries Enabled by Oriented NaO2 Nanowires as Discharge Products.

Science.gov (United States)

Khajehbashi, S Mohammad B; Xu, Lin; Zhang, Guobin; Tan, Shuangshuang; Zhao, Yan; Wang, Lai-Sen; Li, Jiantao; Luo, Wen; Peng, Dong-Liang; Mai, Liqiang

2018-06-13

Na-O 2 batteries are emerging rechargeable batteries due to their high theoretical energy density and abundant resources, but they suffer from sluggish kinetics due to the formation of large-size discharge products with cubic or irregular particle shapes. Here, we report the unique growth of discharge products of NaO 2 nanowires inside Na-O 2 batteries that significantly boosts the performance of Na-O 2 batteries. For this purpose, a high-spin Co 3 O 4 electrocatalyst was synthesized via the high-temperature oxidation of pure cobalt nanoparticles in an external magnetic field. The discharge products of NaO 2 nanowires are 10-20 nm in diameter and ∼10 μm in length, characteristics that provide facile pathways for electron and ion transfer. With these nanowires, Na-O 2 batteries have surpassed 400 cycles with a fixed capacity of 1000 mA h g -1 , an ultra-low over-potential of ∼60 mV during charging, and near-zero over-potential during discharging. This strategy not only provides a unique way to control the morphology of discharge products to achieve high-performance Na-O 2 batteries but also opens up the opportunity to explore growing nanowires in novel conditions.

Insight to the Thermal Decomposition and Hydrogen Desorption Behaviors of NaNH2-NaBH4 Hydrogen Storage Composite.

Science.gov (United States)

Pei, Ziwei; Bai, Ying; Wang, Yue; Wu, Feng; Wu, Chuan

2017-09-20

The lightweight compound material NaNH 2 -NaBH 4 is regarded as a promising hydrogen storage composite due to the high hydrogen density. Mechanical ball milling was employed to synthesize the composite NaNH 2 -NaBH 4 (2/1 molar ratio), and the samples were investigated utilizing thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis-mass spectroscopy (TG-DTA-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The full-spectrum test (range of the ratio of mass to charge: 0-200) shows that the released gaseous species contain H 2 , NH 3 , B 2 H 6 , and N 2 in the heating process from room temperature to 400 °C, and possibly the impurity gas B 6 H 12 also exists. The TG/DTA analyses show that the composite NaNH 2 -NaBH 4 (2/1 molar ratio) is conductive to generate hydrogen so that the dehydrogenation process can be finished before 400 °C. Moreover, the thermal decomposition process from 200 to 400 °C involves two-step dehydrogenation reactions: (1) Na 3 (NH 2 ) 2 BH 4 hydride decomposes into Na 3 BN 2 and H 2 (200-350 °C); (2) remaining Na 3 (NH 2 ) 2 BH 4 reacts with NaBH 4 and Na 3 BN 2 , generating Na, BN, NH 3 , N 2 , and H 2 (350-400 °C). The better mechanism understanding of the thermal decomposition pathway lays a foundation for tailoring the hydrogen storage performance of the composite complex hydrides system.

Distinct pH dependencies of Na+/K+ selectivity at the two faces of Na,K-ATPase.

Science.gov (United States)

Cornelius, Flemming; Tsunekawa, Naoki; Toyoshima, Chikashi

2018-02-09

The sodium pump (Na,K-ATPase) in animal cells is vital for actively maintaining ATP hydrolysis-powered Na + and K + electrochemical gradients across the cell membrane. These ion gradients drive co- and countertransport and are critical for establishing the membrane potential. It has been an enigma how Na,K-ATPase discriminates between Na + and K + , despite the pumped ion on each side being at a lower concentration than the other ion. Recent crystal structures of analogs of the intermediate conformations E2·Pi·2K + and Na + -bound E1∼P·ADP suggest that the dimensions of the respective binding sites in Na,K-ATPase are crucial in determining its selectivity. Here, we found that the selectivity at each membrane face is pH-dependent and that this dependence is unique for each face. Most notable was a strong increase in the specific affinity for K + at the extracellular face ( i.e. E2 conformation) as the pH is lowered from 7.5 to 5. We also observed a smaller increase in affinity for K + on the cytoplasmic side (E1 conformation), which reduced the selectivity for Na + Theoretical analysis of the p K a values of ion-coordinating acidic amino acid residues suggested that the face-specific pH dependences and Na + /K + selectivities may arise from the protonation or ionization of key residues. The increase in K + selectivity at low pH on the cytoplasmic face, for instance, appeared to be associated with Asp 808 protonation. We conclude that changes in the ionization state of coordinating residues in Na,K-ATPase could contribute to altering face-specific ion selectivity. © 2018 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

OGLAŠEVANJE NA FACEBOOKU

OpenAIRE

Renko, Katica

2013-01-01

V magistrskem delu smo se seznanili z oglaševanjem na Facebooku. S pregledom gradiva, ki nam je ponujeno, smo preverili pogoje, načine, oblike … oglaševanja, ki pa smo jih s pregledom situacije v praksi preverili in dopolnili. Ob zaključku dela lahko rečemo, da je oglaševanje preko FB enostavnejše, cenejše, dostopnejše, omogoča nam ažurnost in samo komunikacijo z naslovniki, ki so potencialni kupci naših ponudb. Množični mediji nam omogočajo mnogotero obliko oglaševanja. Izbrana oblika ponuja...

Laser-induced ionization of Na vapor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, R.C.Y.; Judge, D.L.; Roussel, F.; Carre, B.; Breger, P.; Spiess, G.

1982-01-01

The production of Na 2 + ions by off-resonant laser excitation in the 5800-6200A region mainly results from two-photon absorption by the Na 2 molecule to highly excited gerade states followed by (a) direct ionization by absorbing a third photon or (b) coupling to the molecular Na 2 D 1 PIμ Rydberg state which is subsequently ionized by absorbing a third photon. This mechanism, i.e., a two-photon resonance three photon ionization process, explains a recent experimental observation of Roussel et al. It is suggested that the very same mechanism is also responsible for a similar observation reported by Polak-Dingels et al in their work using two crossed Na beams. In the latter two studies the laser-induced associative ionization processes were reported to be responsible for producing the Na 2 + ion. From the ratio of molecular to atomic concentration in the crossed beam experiment of Polak-Dingels et al we estimate that the cross section for producing Na 2 + through laser-induced associative ionization is at least four orders of magnitude smaller than ionization through the two-photon resonance three photon ionization process in Na 2 molecules

Characterization and antibacterial activity of silver exchanged regenerated NaY zeolite from surfactant-modified NaY zeolite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Salim, Mashitah Mad; Malek, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik, E-mail: niknizam@fbb.utm.my

2016-02-01

The antibacterial activity of regenerated NaY zeolite (thermal treatment from cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified NaY zeolite and pretreatment with Na ions) loaded with silver ions were examined using the broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 6538). X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and chemical elemental analyses were used to characterize the regenerated NaY and AgY zeolites. The XRD patterns indicated that the calcination and addition of silver ions on regenerated NaY zeolite did not affect the structure of the regenerated NaY zeolite as the characteristic peaks of the NaY zeolite were retained, and no new peaks were observed. The regenerated AgY zeolite showed good antibacterial activity against both bacteria strains in distilled water, and the antibacterial activity of the samples increased with increasing Ag loaded on the regenerated AgY zeolite; the regenerated AgY zeolite was more effective against E. coli than S. aureus. However, the antibacterial activity of the regenerated AgY was not effective in saline solution for both bacteria. The study showed that CTAB-modified NaY zeolite materials could be regenerated to NaY zeolite using thermal treatment (550 °C, 5 h) and this material has excellent performance as an antibacterial agent after silver ions loading. - Highlights: • Thermal treatment was used to regenerate surfactant modified zeolite. • The regenerated NaY zeolite formed was added with different silver loadings. • Regenerated AgY zeolite was tested for antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus. • The antibacterial activity increased with increased of the amount of silver loadings. • The zeolite structure did not change with thermal and modification

Characterization and antibacterial activity of silver exchanged regenerated NaY zeolite from surfactant-modified NaY zeolite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salim, Mashitah Mad; Malek, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik

2016-01-01

The antibacterial activity of regenerated NaY zeolite (thermal treatment from cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified NaY zeolite and pretreatment with Na ions) loaded with silver ions were examined using the broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 6538). X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and chemical elemental analyses were used to characterize the regenerated NaY and AgY zeolites. The XRD patterns indicated that the calcination and addition of silver ions on regenerated NaY zeolite did not affect the structure of the regenerated NaY zeolite as the characteristic peaks of the NaY zeolite were retained, and no new peaks were observed. The regenerated AgY zeolite showed good antibacterial activity against both bacteria strains in distilled water, and the antibacterial activity of the samples increased with increasing Ag loaded on the regenerated AgY zeolite; the regenerated AgY zeolite was more effective against E. coli than S. aureus. However, the antibacterial activity of the regenerated AgY was not effective in saline solution for both bacteria. The study showed that CTAB-modified NaY zeolite materials could be regenerated to NaY zeolite using thermal treatment (550 °C, 5 h) and this material has excellent performance as an antibacterial agent after silver ions loading. - Highlights: • Thermal treatment was used to regenerate surfactant modified zeolite. • The regenerated NaY zeolite formed was added with different silver loadings. • Regenerated AgY zeolite was tested for antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus. • The antibacterial activity increased with increased of the amount of silver loadings. • The zeolite structure did not change with thermal and modification

Carbon dioxide sequestration using NaHSO4 and NaOH: A dissolution and carbonation optimisation study.

Science.gov (United States)

Sanna, Aimaro; Steel, Luc; Maroto-Valer, M Mercedes

2017-03-15

The use of NaHSO 4 to leach out Mg fromlizardite-rich serpentinite (in form of MgSO 4 ) and the carbonation of CO 2 (captured in form of Na 2 CO 3 using NaOH) to form MgCO 3 and Na 2 SO 4 was investigated. Unlike ammonium sulphate, sodium sulphate can be separated via precipitation during the recycling step avoiding energy intensive evaporation process required in NH 4 -based processes. To determine the effectiveness of the NaHSO 4 /NaOH process when applied to lizardite, the optimisation of the dissolution and carbonation steps were performed using a UK lizardite-rich serpentine. Temperature, solid/liquid ratio, particle size, concentration and molar ratio were evaluated. An optimal dissolution efficiency of 69.6% was achieved over 3 h at 100 °C using 1.4 M sodium bisulphate and 50 g/l serpentine with particle size 75-150 μm. An optimal carbonation efficiency of 95.4% was achieved over 30 min at 90 °C and 1:1 magnesium:sodium carbonate molar ratio using non-synthesised solution. The CO 2 sequestration capacity was 223.6 g carbon dioxide/kg serpentine (66.4% in terms of Mg bonded to hydromagnesite), which is comparable with those obtained using ammonium based processes. Therefore, lizardite-rich serpentinites represent a valuable resource for the NaHSO 4 /NaOH based pH swing mineralisation process. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characterization and antibacterial activity of silver exchanged regenerated NaY zeolite from surfactant-modified NaY zeolite.

Science.gov (United States)

Salim, Mashitah Mad; Malek, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik

2016-02-01

The antibacterial activity of regenerated NaY zeolite (thermal treatment from cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified NaY zeolite and pretreatment with Na ions) loaded with silver ions were examined using the broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 6538). X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and chemical elemental analyses were used to characterize the regenerated NaY and AgY zeolites. The XRD patterns indicated that the calcination and addition of silver ions on regenerated NaY zeolite did not affect the structure of the regenerated NaY zeolite as the characteristic peaks of the NaY zeolite were retained, and no new peaks were observed. The regenerated AgY zeolite showed good antibacterial activity against both bacteria strains in distilled water, and the antibacterial activity of the samples increased with increasing Ag loaded on the regenerated AgY zeolite; the regenerated AgY zeolite was more effective against E. coli than S. aureus. However, the antibacterial activity of the regenerated AgY was not effective in saline solution for both bacteria. The study showed that CTAB-modified NaY zeolite materials could be regenerated to NaY zeolite using thermal treatment (550°C, 5h) and this material has excellent performance as an antibacterial agent after silver ions loading. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Composition and thermochemistry of the equilibrium vapour of the systems NaI-FeI2 and NaI-PbI2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hilpert, K.; Gerads, H.; Koberts, D.; Miller, M.

1987-01-01

The vaporization of NaI/FeI 2 and NaI/PbI 2 samples of equimolar composition was investigated was investigated in the temperature ranges between 574 to 683 K and 562 to 669 K, respectively, by using the mass spectrometric Knudsen effusion method. The gaseous species I, I 2 , NaI, (NaI) 2 , FeI 2 , (FeI 2 ) 2 , FeI 3 , NaFeI 3 , and Na 2 FeI 4 (NaI-FeI 2 system) as well as NaI, (NaI) 2 , PbI 2 , (PbI 2 ) 2 , and NaPbI 3 (NaI-PbI 2 system) are present in the equilibrium vapours. The equilibrium partial pressures of these species were determined with the exception of I, I 2 , and FeI 3 . Enthalpies and entropies of dissociation resulted for the reactions NaFeI 3 (g) ↔ NaI(g)+FeI 2 (g) (1), Na 2 FeI 4 (g) ↔ 2NaI(g)+FeI 2 (g) and (2) NaPbI 3 (g) ↔ NaI(g)+PbI 2 (g) (3) as Δ d H 298 0 (Eq. (1)) = 184±5 kJ mol -1 , Δ d S 298 0 (Eq. (1)) = 143±8 J mol -1 K -1 ; Δ d H 298 0 (Eq. (2)) = 333±9 kJ mol -1 , Δ d S 298 0 (Eq. (2)) = 274±14 J mol -1 K -1 ; and Δ d H 298 0 (Eq. (3)) = 168±5 kJ mol -1 , Δ d S 298 0 (Eq. (3)) = 151±9 J mol -1 K -1 . Equilibrium constants for these reactions are additionally given. The pressures of NaFeI 3 (g) and NaPbI 3 (g) as all as their enthalpies of dissociation are discussed with respect to their significance of semi empirical rules. (orig.)

Adsorption and Formation of Small Na Clusters on Pristine and Double-Vacancy Graphene for Anodes of Na-Ion Batteries.

Science.gov (United States)

Liang, Zhicong; Fan, Xiaofeng; Zheng, Weitao; Singh, David J

2017-05-24

Layered carbon is a likely anode material for Na-ion batteries (NIBs). Graphitic carbon has a low capacity of approximately 35 (mA h)/g due to the formation of NaC 64 . Using first-principles methods including van der Waals interactions, we analyze the adsorption of Na ions and clusters on graphene in the context of anodes. The interaction between Na ions and graphene is found to be weak. Small Na clusters are not stable on the surface of pristine graphene in the electrochemical environment of NIBs. However, we find that Na ions and clusters can be stored effectively on defected graphene that has double vacancies. In addition, the adsorption energy of small Na clusters near a double vacancy is found to decrease with increasing cluster size. With high concentrations of vacancies the capacity of Na on defective graphene is found to be as much as 10-30 times higher than that of graphitic carbon.

Novel regulation of cardiac Na pump via phospholemman.

Science.gov (United States)

Pavlovic, Davor; Fuller, William; Shattock, Michael J

2013-08-01

As the only quantitatively significant Na efflux pathway from cardiac cells, the Na/K ATPase (Na pump) is the primary regulator of intracellular Na. The transmembrane Na gradient it establishes is essential for normal electrical excitability, numerous coupled-transport processes and, as the driving force for Na/Ca exchange, thus setting cardiac Ca load and contractility. As Na influx varies with electrical excitation, heart rate and pathology, the dynamic regulation of Na efflux is essential. It is now widely recognized that phospholemman, a 72 amino acid accessory protein which forms part of the Na pump complex, is the key nexus linking cellular signaling to pump regulation. Phospholemman is the target of a variety of post-translational modifications (including phosphorylation, palmitoylation and glutathionation) and these can dynamically alter the activity of the Na pump. This review summarizes our current understanding of the multiple regulatory mechanisms that converge on phospholemman and govern NA pump activity in the heart. The corrected Fig. 4 is reproduced below. The publisher would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused. [corrected]. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Noise at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and inside the incubator Ruido en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal y en el interior de la incubadora Ruído na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e no interior da incubadora

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eliana Moreira Pinheiro

2011-10-01

Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN e do interior da incubadora de um hospital escola de uma universidade pública de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Como método para essa identificação, tanto do NPS da UTIN como do NPS da incubadora, foram utilizados quatro dosímetros, em janeiro de 2010. Os resultados obtidos apontam que o NPS da UTIN variou entre 52,6 dBA e 80,4 dBA, e que o NPS do interior da incubadora foi de 45,4dBA a 79,1dBA. Evidenciou-se que tanto o NPS da UTIN como o do interior da incubadora estão acima dos recomendados, sendo mais altos na UTIN do que na incubadora. Embora haja alguns fatores específicos relacionados ao NPS no interior da incubadora, perfis acústicos da UTIN e da incubadora são como sistema: elevação/redução do NPS da UTIN, geralmente, tende a elevar/reduzir o NPS no interior da incubadora. Portanto, pode-se concluir que o presente estudo aponta para a importância do monitoramento simultâneo dos NPS da UTIN e do interior da incubadora.

All new for NA62

CERN Multimedia

Antonella Del Rosso

2012-01-01

This week sees the start of the first run of the new NA62 experiment. This will be a unique opportunity for the collaboration to test its new beam, new detectors and new data acquisition system before the physics run in 2014. Speaking to the Bulletin, the NA62 technical coordinator Ferdinand Hahn shares the many challenges that the various teams faced to be on time for beam. Ready, steady, start!   A Large Angle Veto detector (white) in place in the NA62 decay volume (blue). With components from almost all the detectors in place downstream of the decay point of the mother particles – the kaons – and of the KTAG detector that tags the kaons before they decay, NA62 is ready for its first technical run. This unique run will test all the equipment as well as the trigger and the data acquisition systems. “This year, we will have about five weeks of beam from the SPS before the long shutdown of all the CERN machines,” says Ferdinand Hahn, NA62 Technical Co-...

Effect of chloride substitution on the order–disorder transition in NaBH4 and Na11BD4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Olsen, Jørn Eirik; Karen, Pavel; Sørby, Magnus H.; Hauback, Bjørn C.

2014-01-01

Graphical abstract: Interactions that order the BD 4 - tetrahedra below the order–disorder transition became increasingly frustrated by the solute in the Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x solid solutions, and the order disappears at x = 0.158. Highlights: • The order–disorder transition temperature for Na(BH 4 ) 1−x Cl x and Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x is highly dependent on the Cl-content, x. • The transition is characterized by DSC for Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x for x = 0, 0.10 and 0.15. • No transition is observed for x ⩾ 0.20 on cooling to 8 K. • The crystal structures are reported for Na 11 BD 4 at room temperature and 8 K and Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x (x = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25) at 8 K from powder neutron diffraction. -- Abstract: Phase transition associated with anion disordering over two orientations in Na 11 BD 4 (NaBH 4 ) and its solid solutions with NaCl, Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x , is investigated with powder diffraction (neutron and synchrotron radiation), differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. Upon heating, the transition temperature extrapolated to zero rate of heating is 192.2 K for Na 11 BD 4 , ΔS = 4.41 J/mol K, hysteresis 1.7 K and the volume increase 0.43%. Thermal parameters of the transition in Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x follow a colligative-property model of an ideal solution, with x = 0.158(1) as the critical concentration at which the ordering interactions and the transition itself are eliminated. On approaching this limit, the tetragonal distortion of the ordered structure decreases somewhat towards the cubic average, and this is associated with a partial disorder of the tetrahedral anions seen by diffraction methods. In fact, a 3% disorder is already present in the pure solvent of the solid solution (Na 11 BD 4 ) at 8 K

Neutron diffraction studies of the Na-ion battery electrode materials NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yahia, H. Ben [Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825 Doha (Qatar); Essehli, R., E-mail: ressehli@qf.org.qa [Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825 Doha (Qatar); Avdeev, M. [Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights NSW 2234 (Australia); Park, J-B.; Sun, Y-K. [Department of Energy Engineering Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791 (Korea, Republic of); Al-Maadeed, M.A. [Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, 2713 Doha (Qatar); Belharouak, I., E-mail: ibelharouak@qf.org.qa [Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825 Doha (Qatar)

2016-06-15

The new compounds NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} were synthesized by sol-gel method and their crystal structures were determined by using neutron powder diffraction data. These compounds were characterized by galvanometric cycling and cyclic voltammetry. NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} crystallize with a stuffed α-CrPO{sub 4}-type structure. The structure consists of a 3D-framework made of octahedra and tetrahedra that are sharing corners and/or edges generating channels along [100] and [010], in which the sodium atoms are located. Of significance, in the structures of NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} a statistical disorder Ni{sup 2+}/Cr{sup 3+} was observed on both the 8g and 4a atomic positions, whereas in NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} the statistical disorder Co{sup 2+}/Cr{sup 3+} was only observed on the 8g atomic position. When tested as negative electrode materials, NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} delivered specific capacities of 352, 385, and 368 mA h g{sup −1}, respectively, which attests to the electrochemical activity of sodium in these compounds. - Highlights: • NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} were synthesized by sol-gel method. • The crystal structures were determined by using neutron powder diffraction data. • The three compounds crystallize with a stuffed α-CrPO{sub 4}-type structure. • The three compounds were tested as anodes in sodium-ion batteries. • Relatively high specific capacities were obtained for these compounds.

Evaluation of NaX and NaY packed beds for chromium uptake from multicomponent solution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Angélica Simões Dornellas de Barros

2014-04-01

Full Text Available In this paper the removal of chromium from Cr/Ca/Mg/K and Cr/Ca/Mg/K/Na solutions was investigated in NaX and NaY packed beds. The breakthrough curves presented some overshooting phenomena where chromium ions displaced the previous exchanged cations. Length of unused bed, overall mass transfer coefficient, operational ratio and dimensionless variance were obtained. According to such mass transfer parameters it was concluded that the chromium uptake is influenced by the competition and interaction of the entering ions. Such influences were verified through some differences in the dynamic selectivity obtained for each system. NaY seemed to have a higher affinity towards Cr3+ and its sites were more efficiently used in the ion exchange process.

Water transport by the renal Na(+)-dicarboxylate cotransporter

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Meinild, A K; Loo, D D; Pajor, A M

2000-01-01

. This solute-coupled influx of water took place in the absence of, and even against, osmotic gradients. There was a strict stoichiometric relationship between Na(+), substrate, and water transport of 3 Na(+), 1 dicarboxylate, and 176 water molecules/transport cycle. These results indicate that the renal Na......This study investigated the ability of the renal Na(+)-dicarboxylate cotransporter, NaDC-1, to transport water. Rabbit NaDC-1 was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, cotransporter activity was measured as the inward current generated by substrate (citrate or succinate), and water transport...... was monitored by the changes in oocyte volume. In the absence of substrates, oocytes expressing NaDC-1 showed an increase in osmotic water permeability, which was directly correlated with the expression level of NaDC-1. When NaDC-1 was transporting substrates, there was a concomitant increase in oocyte volume...

Pioneering instrumentation aspects of NA60

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

David, Andre

2004-01-01

NA60 is taking data with proton and heavy-ion beams at the CERN SPS. Although building up on previous experiments, the dimuon physics programme of NA60 places very demanding requirements on its new detectors, in terms of radiation tolerance, granularity and read-out electronics speed. We start by comparing dimuon detection strategies in NA60 with those of previous experiments. We then describe the new detectors used in NA60, placing particular emphasis on their technological pioneering aspects as well as on their contributions to the overall physics performance of the experiment

Occlusion of 22Na+ and 86Rb+ in membrane-bound and soluble protomeric alpha beta-units of Na,K-ATPase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vilsen, B.; Andersen, J.P.; Petersen, J.; Jorgensen, P.L.

1987-01-01

In this work, we examined occlusion of 22 Na+ and 86 Rb+ in membranous and detergent-solubilized Na,K-ATPase from outer renal medulla. Optimum conditions for occlusion of 22 Na+ were provided by formation of the phosphorylated complex from the beta,gamma-bidentate complex of chromium (III) with ATP (CrATP). Release of occluded cations occurred at equally slow rates in soluble and membrane-bound Na,K-ATPase. Values of 22 Na+ occlusion as high as 11 nmol/mg of protein were measured, corresponding to 1.8-2.7 mol of Na+/mol of phosphorylated Na,K-ATPase as determined by 32 P incorporation from [gamma- 32 P]CrATP. Maximum capacity for phosphorylation from [gamma- 32 P]CrATP was 6 nmol/mg of protein and equal to capacities for binding of [48V]vanadate and [ 3 H]ouabain. The stoichiometry for occlusion of Rb+ was close to 2 Rb+ ions/phosphorylation site. In an analytical ultracentrifuge, the soluble Na+- or Rb+-occluded complexes showed sedimentation velocities (S20,w = 6.8-7.4) consistent with monomeric alpha beta-units. The data show that soluble monomeric alpha beta-units of Na,K-ATPase can occlude Rb+ or Na+ with the same stoichiometry as the membrane-bound enzyme. The structural basis for occlusion of cations in Na,K-ATPase is suggested to be the formation of a cavity inside a monomeric alpha beta-unit constituting the minimum protein unit required for active Na,K-transport

Transcriptional regulators of Na, K-ATPase subunits

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhiqin eLi

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The Na,K-ATPase classically serves as an ion pump creating an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane that is essential for transepithelial transport, nutrient uptake and membrane potential. In addition, Na,K-ATPase also functions as a receptor, a signal transducer and a cell adhesion molecule. With such diverse roles, it is understandable that the Na,K-ATPase subunits, the catalytic alpha-subunit, the beta-subunit and the FXYD proteins, are controlled extensively during development and to accommodate physiological needs. The spatial and temporal expression of Na,K-ATPase is partially regulated at the transcriptional level. Numerous transcription factors, hormones, growth factors, lipids and extracellular stimuli modulate the transcription of the Na,K-ATPase subunits. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms also contribute to the regulation of Na,K-ATPase expression. With the ever growing knowledge about diseases associated with the malfunction of Na,K-ATPase, this review aims at summarizing the best-characterized transcription regulators that modulate Na,K-ATPase subunit levels. As abnormal expression of Na,K-ATPase subunits have been observed in many carcinoma, we will also discuss transcription factors that are associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a crucial step in the progression of many tumors to malignant disease.

Fitotoxicidade de três antibióticos na cultura in vitro de abacateiro Phytotoxicity of three antibiotics to avocado tissue culture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Antonio Biasi

1995-01-01

Full Text Available Desenvolveram-se dois experimentos para verificar o efeito do ácido nalidíxico, do cloranfenicol e da estreptomicina sobre a cultura in vitro do abacateiro 'Ouro Verde'. No primeiro, testou-se a influência de diversas concentrações (0, 12,5, 25, 50, 100 e 200 mg/L desses antibióticos sobre a calogênese de discos foliares e, no segundo, o efeito sobre a brotação de gemas de segmentos nodais. Enquanto a formação de calos foi reduzida à metade com o uso de 50 mg/L de cloranfenicol, sua massa foi drasticamente reduzida já na concentração de 12,5 mg/L. Restringiu-se o comprimento das brotações, adicionando os antibióticos ao meio de cultura, concluindo-se que os três foram tóxicos para o abacateiro, sendo recomendados apenas em casos de extrema necessidade, dependendo da suscetibilidade do microorganismo contaminante e da concentração necessária para seu controle.Two experiments were carried out in order to verify the toxicity of nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol and streptomycin to avocado 'Ouro Verde' in vitro culture. In the first experiment, it was tested the effect of the antibiotics to callus initiation on leave explants, using a concentration range of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L. In the second experiment, sprouting from nodal segments were tested. The callus formation was reduced by 50% with 50 mg/L of chloramphenicol and the highest reduction in callus weight was observed with 12.5 mg/L. The length of sprouts was reduced by incorporating antibiotics into plant growth medium. Results showed that the three antibiotics were toxic to avocado, and they must be used only in real necessity cases, depending on the bacterial susceptibility and the adequate concentration to control the contaminants.

Sepsis does not alter red blood cell glucose metabolism or Na+ concentration: A 2H-, 23Na-NMR study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hotchkiss, R.S.; Song, S.K.; Ling, C.S.; Ackerman, J.J.; Karl, I.E.

1990-01-01

The effects of sepsis on intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) and glucose metabolism were examined in rat red blood cells (RBCs) by using 23Na- and 2H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Sepsis was induced in 15 halothane-anesthetized female Sprague-Dawley rats by using the cecal ligation and perforation technique; 14 control rats underwent cecal manipulation without ligation. The animals were fasted for 36 h, but allowed free access to water. At 36 h postsurgery, RBCs were examined by 23Na-NMR by using dysprosium tripolyphosphate as a chemical shift reagent. Human RBCs from 17 critically ill nonseptic patients and from 7 patients who were diagnosed as septic were also examined for [Na+]i. Five rat RBC specimens had [Na+]i determined by both 23Na-NMR and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). For glucose metabolism studies, RBCs from septic and control rats were suspended in modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing [6,6-2H2]glucose and examined by 2H-NMR. No significant differences in [Na+]i or glucose utilization were found in RBCs from control or septic rats. There were no differences in [Na+]i in the two groups of patients. The [Na+]i determined by NMR spectroscopy agreed closely with measurements using ICP-AES and establish that 100% of the [Na+]i of the RBC is visible by NMR. Glucose measurements determined by 2H-NMR correlated closely (correlation coefficient = 0.93) with enzymatic analysis. These studies showed no evidence that sepsis disturbed RBC membrane function or metabolism

SPOLNO NADLEGOVANJE NA DELOVNEM MESTU

OpenAIRE

Rubič, Gašper

2016-01-01

V diplomskem delu smo v uvodu predstavili problem spolnega nadlegovanja na delovnem mestu in predstavili podjetje TEKSTIL d.d. V nadaljevanju smo z anketo raziskali, ali problem spolnega nadlegovanja na delovnem mestu v obravnavanem podjetju obstaja in če, kako se nanj odziva okolje. V teoretičnem delu smo nadaljevali in predstavili definicijo spolnega nadlegovanja, ki je kakršna koli oblika nezaželenega verbalnega in neverbalnega ali fizičnega ravnanja spolne narave z učinkom ali nameno...

Photodesorption of Na atoms from rough Na surfaces

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Balzer, Frank; Gerlach, R.; Manson, J.R.

1997-01-01

We investigate the desorption of Na atoms from large Na clusters deposited on dielectric surfaces. High-resolution translational energy distributions of the desorbing atoms are determined by three independent methods, two-photon laser-induced fluorescence, as well as single-photon and resonance......-enhanced two-photon ionization techniques. Upon variation of surface temperature and for different substrates (mica vs lithium fluoride) clear non-Maxwellian time-of-flight distributions are observed with a cos θ angular dependence and most probable kinetic energies below that expected of atoms desorbing from...... atoms are scattered by surface vibrations. Recent experiments providing time constants for the decay of the optical excitations in the clusters support this model. The excellent agreement between experiment and theory indicates the importance of both absorption of the laser photons via direct excitation...

Evaluation of {sup 23}Na(n,2n){sup 22}Na reaction cross-sections

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manokhin, V N [Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk (Russian Federation)

1997-06-01

Using available experimental data and (n,2n) excitation function systematics {sup 23}Na(n,2n){sup 22}Na reaction cross-sections were evaluated for energies ranging from the reaction threshold to 20 MeV. (author). 21 refs, 1 fig., 2 tabs.

Formation of hydroxyl groups and exchange with deuterium on NaHX and NaHY zeolites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kubelkova, L.; Novakova, J.

1976-01-01

Deammoniation and dehydroxylation of Na(NH 4 )X and Na(NH 4 )Y zeolites were compared. With the X type, both processes overlapped and proceeded more easily than with the Y type. Both H forms contained structural OH groups and hydroxyls denoted as SiOH, to which the 3740 cm -1 band in the IR spectrum was assigned. In addition, the NaHX zeolite contained OH groups characterized by the 3700 and 3600 cm -1 bands. Certain differences in the behaviour of NaHX and NaHY zeolites during deammoniation and dehydroxylation might be attributed to the presence of ''non-localizable'' H atoms. The active sites for the D 2 -OH exchange were probably formed during dehydroxylation. Hydrogen in SiOH groups was replaced by deuterium in both zeolite types more slowly than H atoms in other OH groups, which influenced the kinetic variations in the gaseous phase. The presence of water in the gaseous phase affected the kinetics and could distort the determination of the number of H atoms bound in the zeolites. (author)

High resolution laser spectroscopy of the D lines of on-line produced 21Na, 22Na, 24Na, 25Na using a new high sensitivity method of detection of optical resonances

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huber, G.; Thibault, G.; Klapisch, R.; Duong, H.T.; Vialle, J.L.; Pinard, I.; Juncar, P.; Jacquinot, P.

1975-01-01

A polyisotopic sodium beam of 21 - 25 Na, produced by spallation of Al, was illuminated by a tunable dye laser. The atomic beam, analyzed by a sixpole magnet is then ionized and detected after a mass spectrometer. The results are the isotope shifts, nuclear magnetic moment and quadrupole moment of 25 Na [fr

OGLAŠEVANJE NA SOCIALNEM OMREŽJU FACEBOOK, NA PRIMERU SPLETICNA.SI

OpenAIRE

Reisman, Nina

2011-01-01

Internet je od svojega razvoja dolgo časa obstajal kot prostor za enostransko komunikacijo. Isto se je dogajalo na televiziji, radiu in časopisih, kjer je javnost sprejemala informacije, ki jih je nekdo pripravil. Tradicionalni mediji so hitro doumeli, da takšna vrsta komunikacije ni naravna in ne predstavlja najboljšega ohranjanja gledalcev in poslušalcev. Začela se je uporabljati dvosmerna komunikacija. Trenutno v svetu najbolje poznan primer dvosmerne komunikacije je socialno omrežje F...

FTIR spectra of the solid solutions (Na0.88K0.12)VO3, (Na0.5K0.5)VO3, and Na(V0.66P0.34)O3

Science.gov (United States)

de Waal, D.; Heyns, A. M.

1992-03-01

It is known that three different solid solutions, (Na0.88K0.12)VO3, (Na0.5K0.5)VO3 and Na(V0.66P0.34)O3, form in the (Na,K)(V,P)O3 system. These compounds all have monoclinic crystal structures similar to the pure alkali metal metavanadates containing small cations, e.g. Li+ and Na+ (Space group C2/c). Metavanadates with large cations like K+, Rb+, C+s and NH+4 form orthorhombic crystals, space group Pbcm. All those are structurally related to the silicate pyroxenes. Na(V0.66P0.34)O3 and (Na0.88K0.12)VO3 have the same modified diopside structure as (alpha) - NaVO3 while (Na0.5K0.5)VO3 adopts the true diopside structure. The infrared spectra of the three solid solutions are reported here in comparison with those of (alpha) -NaVO3 and KVO3. The results are also correlated with those obtained in two independent high pressure Raman studies of NH4VO3 and RbVO3 as the introduction of a larger cation like K+ should increase the pressure in the structure.

Medetomidīna un detomidīna hidrogēnhlorīdu struktūra noteikšana

OpenAIRE

Smuļko, Irina

2012-01-01

Medetomidīna un detomidīna hidrogēnhlorīdu struktūras noteikšana. Smuļko I., zinātniskais vadītājs Dr. ķīm., asoc. prof. Actiņš A. Maģistra darbs, 52 lappuses, 37 attēli, 6 tabulas, 29 literatūras avoti. Latviešu valodā. Maģistra darbā pētītas farmaceitiski aktīvās vielas – medetomidīna un detomidīna hidrogēnhlorīdi. Veikti mēģinājumi detomidīna bezūdens formas un monohidrāta struktūras noteikšanai, kā arī medetomidīna bezūdens formu A un B struktūras noteikšanai. Struktūras noteikšanai iz...

NAKUPOVANJE NA SPLETU

OpenAIRE

Visenjak, Monika

2013-01-01

Nakupovanje na spletu je prihodnost poslovanja. Za podjetja pomeni manjše stroške, lažje prilagajanje tržnim pogojem. Hitreje lahko razvijajo odnose in analizirajo uporabnike, saj jim je dan dostop o nakupnih podatkih uporabnika. Za potrošnike je nakupovanje na spletu možnost hitrega, preprostega in učinkovitega nakupovanja od doma ali pisarne. Pomembno je, da se seznanijo z vsemi informacijami in pogoji spletnih trgovin, saj se lahko le tako izognejo nezadovoljstvu ob nakupu v spletni trgovi...

The Na+ transporter, TaHKT1;5-D, limits shoot Na+ accumulation in bread wheat

KAUST Repository

Byrt, Caitlin Siobhan

2014-10-01

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has a major salt tolerance locus, Kna1, responsible for the maintenance of a high cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio in the leaves of salt stressed plants. The Kna1 locus encompasses a large DNA fragment, the distal 14% of chromosome 4DL. Limited recombination has been observed at this locus making it difficult to map genetically and identify the causal gene. Here, we decipher the function of TaHKT1;5-D, a candidate gene underlying the Kna1 locus. Transport studies using the heterologous expression systems Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that TaHKT1;5-D is a Na+-selective transporter. Transient expression in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll protoplasts and in situ polymerase chain reaction indicated that TaHKT1;5-D is localised on the plasma membrane in the wheat root stele. RNA interference-induced silencing decreased the expression of TaHKT1;5-D in transgenic bread wheat lines which led to an increase in the Na+ concentration in the leaves. This indicates that TaHKT1;5-D retrieves Na+ from the xylem vessels in the root and has an important role in restricting the transport of Na+ from the root to the leaves in bread wheat. Thus, TaHKT1;5-D confers the essential salinity tolerance mechanism in bread wheat associated with the Kna1 locus via shoot Na+ exclusion and is critical in maintaining a high K+/Na+ ratio in the leaves. These findings show there is potential to increase the salinity tolerance of bread wheat by manipulation of HKT1;5 genes.

The Na+ transporter, TaHKT1;5-D, limits shoot Na+ accumulation in bread wheat

KAUST Repository

Byrt, Caitlin Siobhan; Xu, Bo; Krishnan, Mahima; Lightfoot, Damien; Athman, Asmini; Jacobs, Andrew Keith; Watson-Haigh, Nathan S.; Plett, Darren; Munns, Rana; Tester, Mark A.; Gilliham, Matthew

2014-01-01

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has a major salt tolerance locus, Kna1, responsible for the maintenance of a high cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio in the leaves of salt stressed plants. The Kna1 locus encompasses a large DNA fragment, the distal 14% of chromosome 4DL. Limited recombination has been observed at this locus making it difficult to map genetically and identify the causal gene. Here, we decipher the function of TaHKT1;5-D, a candidate gene underlying the Kna1 locus. Transport studies using the heterologous expression systems Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that TaHKT1;5-D is a Na+-selective transporter. Transient expression in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll protoplasts and in situ polymerase chain reaction indicated that TaHKT1;5-D is localised on the plasma membrane in the wheat root stele. RNA interference-induced silencing decreased the expression of TaHKT1;5-D in transgenic bread wheat lines which led to an increase in the Na+ concentration in the leaves. This indicates that TaHKT1;5-D retrieves Na+ from the xylem vessels in the root and has an important role in restricting the transport of Na+ from the root to the leaves in bread wheat. Thus, TaHKT1;5-D confers the essential salinity tolerance mechanism in bread wheat associated with the Kna1 locus via shoot Na+ exclusion and is critical in maintaining a high K+/Na+ ratio in the leaves. These findings show there is potential to increase the salinity tolerance of bread wheat by manipulation of HKT1;5 genes.

Osmotic and ionic effects of NaCl and Na₂SO₄ salinity on Phragmites australis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pagter, Majken; Bragato, Claudia; Malagoli, Mario

2009-01-01

Osmotic and ion-specific effects of NaCl and Na2SO4 on Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex. Steud. were investigated in a laboratory experiment by examining effects of iso-osmotic solutions of NaCl and Na2SO4 on growth, osmolality of cell sap, proline content, elemental composition and gas exchange....... Plants were supplied with a control standard nutrient solution (Ψ = -0.09 MPa) or solutions of NaCl or Na2SO4 at water potentials of -0.50, -1.09 or -1.74 MPa. Salt treatments increased root concentrations of Na and S or Cl, whereas P. australis had efficient mechanisms for exclusion of Na and S...... and partly Cl ions from the leaves. Incomplete exclusion of Cl from the leaves may affect aboveground biomass production, which was significantly more reduced by NaCl than Na2SO4. Stomatal conductance was negatively influenced by decreasing water potentials caused by NaCl or Na2SO4, implying that a non...

Polarization and collision velocity dependence of associative ionization in cold Na (3p)-Na(3p) collisions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meijer, H.A.J.

1990-01-01

We studied the polarization dependence of the associative ionization (AI) process Na(3p) + Na(3p) → Na2+ at collision velocities between 100 and 700 m/s (5 and 200 K), using linearly and circularly polarized light for the excitation. We found that the polarization dependence varies strongly in the

Erythrocyte Na+/K+ ATPase activity measured with sup 23 Na NMR

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ouwerkerk, R.; van Echteld, C.J.; Staal, G.E.; Rijksen, G. (University Hospital, Utrecht (Netherland))

1989-11-01

A {sup 23}Na NMR assay for measurement of erythrocyte Na+/K+ ATPase activity is presented. Using the nonpermeant shift reagent dysprosium tripolyphosphate the signals of intra- and extracellular sodium are separated, enabling measurement of sodium fluxes nondestructively, without the need to physically separate the cells from their environment. By increasing membrane permeability with nystatin we have shown that the assay allows the detection of differences in membrane permeability. With low doses of nystatin the ouabain-sensitive sodium flux increased more than twofold. With high doses of nystatin the Na+/K+ pump could not prevent an almost total equilibration of intra- and extracellular sodium. All sodium that entered the cells remained NMR visible, proving that sodium influx can be measured quantitatively. {sup 31}P NMR spectra taken before and after the assay revealed a slight acidification of the cells and no significant change in ATP concentration. No evidence of Dy3+ entering the cell was observed.

Molecular dynamics investigation of Na+ in Na2Ni2TeO6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sau, Kartik; Kumar, P. Padma

2014-01-01

An inter-atomic potential for Na 2 Ni 2 TeO 6 in the Parrinello- Rahman-Vashishta (PRV) model is parameterized empirically. The potential reproduces variety of structural and transport properties of that material in good agreement with recent experimental results. The study provides fresh insights on the migration channels and mechanism of Na + in the system

Efeito do plasma de oxigênio na dentina previamente exposta ao NaOCl

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Maíra do PRADO

Full Text Available Resumo Introdução O tratamento de plasma é uma tecnologia eficaz que pode manter as propriedades internas dos materiais inalteradas após o tratamento, modificando apenas a superfície. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito do plasma de oxigênio na dentina previamente exposta ao NaOCl 6%. Material e método Foram utilizados 60 incisivos bovinos. A coroa foi removida, a raiz foi dividida e as faces planificadas, totalizando 120 segmentos referentes ao terço cervical. As amostras foram divididas em dois grupos: controle (imersa em NaOCl 6%, lavada com água destilada, seca, imersa em EDTA 17%, lavada e seca e plasma de oxigênio (após tratamento descrito no grupo controle, plasma de oxigênio foi aplicado por 30 s. As amostras foram avaliadas qualitativamente em relação à topografia por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, utilizando-se microfotografias com ampliação de 1.000×. O goniômetro Ramé-hart foi utilizado para a mensuração do ângulo de contato entre as superfícies e as seguintes soluções foram utilizadas: água, etilenoglicol e di-iodometano. Em seguida, a energia de superfície, representada pelas componentes polar e dispersiva, foi calculada. Avaliou-se também o escoamento dos cimentos Pulp Canal Sealer EWT (PCS e Real Sal SE (RS na superfície dentinária. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando os testes Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney U (p<0,05. Resultado O tratamento com plasma levou à formação de uma camada semelhante à smear layer na superfície dentinária. Este tratamento levou a um aumento da energia de superfície e da componente polar, favorecendo a hidrofilicidade da superfície. Entretanto, desfavoreceu o escoamento do cimento PCS e não influenciou no escoamento do cimento RS. Conclusão O plasma de oxigênio ocasionou mudanças topográficas na superfície dentinária, favorecendo a hidrofilicidade desta. Contudo, não favoreceu o escoamento dos cimentos endodônticos na dentina.

Phase formation in the systems ZrO2-H2SO4-Na2SO4 (NaCl)-H2O

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sozinova, Yu.P.; Motov, D.L.; Rys'kina, M.P.

1988-01-01

Formation of solid phases in the systems ZrO 2 - H 2 SO 4 - Na 2 SO 4 (NaCl) - H 2 O at 25 and 75 deg C is studied. Three basic Na 2 Zr(OH) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 x (0.2 - 0.4)H 2 O, NaZrOH(SO 4 ) 2 x H 2 O, NaZrO 0.5 (OH) 2 SO 4 x 2H 2 O and three normal sodium sulfatozirconates Na 2 Zr(SO 4 ) 3 x 3H 2 O, Na 4 Zr(SO 4 ) 4 x 3H 2 O, Na 6 Zr(SO 4 ) 5 x 4H 2 O have been isolated, their solubility and crystal optical properties are determined

Modification of NaK (Na and K) dissolution device at the L.E.C.I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mansard, Bernard; Ducas, Serge; Riviere, Michel

1969-12-01

As three NaK dissolution devices had been operated since 1965 and as irradiation assemblies with a greater capacity (2 to 3 times) are now to be used, the modification of these dissolution devices is addressed. This requires a better control of the dissolution reaction (the NaK + alcohol reaction is highly exothermic and results in an effervescence which requires a greater volume). The objectives are therefore to delay the dissolution, to trigger it, to stop it, to control it at will, and to release heat. The new device is then described with its vessel, its cap, its ball valve, and its two tight sleeves. The operation principle is described, as well as the NaK draining process, and the NaK dissolution. Safety, time saving and raw matter saving issues are finally outlined

Utilização de técnicas eletroanalíticas na determinação de pesticidas em alimentos

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Galli Andressa

2006-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work is to discuss selected applications of electroanalytical techniques for the detection of pesticides in foods and beverages, published in the last ten years. The applications involved different working electrodes for the electroanalytical determination of pesticides, namely amperometric biosensors, cholinesterase-based biosensors, polymer-modified electrodes, ultramicroelectrodes and hanging mercury drop electrodes. They were used for several voltammetric and amperometric techniques in different analytical procedures for the detection and quantification of different classes of pesticides in different food matrices.

OGLAŠEVANJE NA FACEBOOKU V SLOVENIJI

OpenAIRE

Dobnik, Monja

2013-01-01

Danes so zahvaljujoč napredni mobilni tehnologiji družbena omrežja z nami na vsakem koraku. Facebook (FB) se po priljubljenosti uvršča v sam vrh družbenih omrežij in glede na to, da ga uporablja že več kot milijarda zemljanov, ponuja tudi odlične trg za oglaševanje. To so ugotovili tudi slovenski podjetniki. V diplomski nalogi je predstavljeno, kako na FB oglašujejo nekatera slovenska podjetja, s pomočjo spletnega vprašalnika pa je ugotovljeno tudi, kaj o oglasih na FB menijo njegovi uporabni...

Myocardial Na,K-ATPase: Clinical aspects

Science.gov (United States)

Kjeldsen, Keld

2003-01-01

The specific binding of digitalis glycosides to Na,K-ATPase is used as a tool for Na,K-ATPase quantification with high accuracy and precision. In myocardial biopsies from patients with heart failure, total Na,K-ATPase concentration is decreased by around 40%; a correlation exists between a decrease in heart function and a decrease in Na,K-ATPase concentration. During digitalization, around 30% of remaining pumps are occupied by digoxin. Myocardial Na,K-ATPase is also influenced by other drugs used for the treatment of heart failure. Thus, potassium loss during diuretic therapy has been found to reduce myocardial Na,K-ATPase, whereas angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may stimulate Na,K pump activity. Furthermore, hyperaldosteronism induced by heart failure has been found to decrease Na,K-ATPase activity. Accordingly, treatment with the aldosterone antagonist, spironolactone, may also influence Na,K-ATPase activity. The importance of Na,K pump modulation with heart disease, inhibition in digitalization and other effects of medication should be considered in the context of sodium, potassium and calcium regulation. It is recommended that digoxin be administered to heart failure patients who, after institution of mortality-reducing therapy, still have heart failure symptoms, and that the therapy be continued if symptoms are revealed or reduced. Digitalis glycosides are the only safe inotropic drugs for oral use that improve hemodynamics in heart failure. An important aspect of myocardial Na,K pump affection in heart disease is its influence on extracellular potassium (Ke) homeostasis. Two important aspects should be considered: potassium handling among myocytes, and effects of potassium entering the extracellular space of the heart via the bloodstream. It should be noted that both of these aspects of Ke homeostasis are affected by regulatory aspects, eg, regulation of the Na,K pump by physiological and pathophysiological conditions, as well as by medical

Advancement of technology towards developing Na-ion batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Jamesh, Mohammed Ibrahim; Prakash, A. S.

2018-02-01

The Na-ion-batteries are considered much attention for the next-generation power-sources due to the high abundance of Na resources that lower the cost and become the alternative for the state of the art Li-ion batteries in future. In this review, the recently reported potential cathode and anode candidates for Na-ion-batteries are identified in-light-of-their high-performance for the development of Na-ion-full-cells. Further, the recent-progress on the Na-ion full-cells including the strategies used to improve the high cycling-performance (stable even up-to 50000 cycles), operating voltage (even ≥ 3.7 V), capacity (>350 mAhg-1 even at 1000 mAg-1 (based-on-mass-of-the-anode)), and energy density (even up-to 400 Whkg-1) are reviewed. In addition, Na-ion-batteries with the electrodes containing reduced graphene oxide, and the recent developments on symmetric Na-ion-batteries are discussed. Further, this paper identifies the promising Na-ion-batteries including the strategies used to assemble full-cell using hard-carbon-anodes, Na3V2(PO4)3 cathodes, and other-electrode-materials. Then, comparison between aqueous and non-aqueous Na-ion-batteries in terms of voltage and energy density has been given. Later, various types of electrolytes used for Na-ion-batteries including aqueous, non-aqueous, ionic-liquids and solid-state electrolytes are discussed. Finally, commercial and technological-developments on Na-ion-batteries are provided. The scientific and engineering knowledge gained on Na-ion-batteries afford conceivable development for practical application in near future.

Negative electrodes for Na-ion batteries.

Science.gov (United States)

Dahbi, Mouad; Yabuuchi, Naoaki; Kubota, Kei; Tokiwa, Kazuyasu; Komaba, Shinichi

2014-08-07

Research interest in Na-ion batteries has increased rapidly because of the environmental friendliness of sodium compared to lithium. Throughout this Perspective paper, we report and review recent scientific advances in the field of negative electrode materials used for Na-ion batteries. This paper sheds light on negative electrode materials for Na-ion batteries: carbonaceous materials, oxides/phosphates (as sodium insertion materials), sodium alloy/compounds and so on. These electrode materials have different reaction mechanisms for electrochemical sodiation/desodiation processes. Moreover, not only sodiation-active materials but also binders, current collectors, electrolytes and electrode/electrolyte interphase and its stabilization are essential for long cycle life Na-ion batteries. This paper also addresses the prospect of Na-ion batteries as low-cost and long-life batteries with relatively high-energy density as their potential competitive edge over the commercialized Li-ion batteries.

Corpo e sexualidade na gravidez

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natalúcia Matos Araújo

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Estudo etnográfico que teve como objetivo compreender como as gestantes vivenciam os processos fisiológicos do seu corpo durante a gestação e a sua repercussão na sexualidade. A pesquisa envolveu sete mulheres residentes em bairro popular de São Paulo. Na coleta de dados, utilizou-se observação participante e entrevista com questões norteadoras. Os dados foram apresentados na forma de narrativa e posteriormente organizados nas categorias: Percebendo as transformações corporais; Convivendo com as mudanças no corpo; Sentimentos e sensações na vida sexual durante a gestação e imaginando o corpo e a sexualidade após a gestação. As mulheres referiram-se às transformações do corpo como desconfortos e expressaram a preocupação de que fossem definitivas. Expressaram o desejo de que, após o parto, o corpo volte a ser como era e que volte a sentir desejo sexual. O reconhecimento destes fatos constitui-se numa ferramenta primordial na adequação das práticas profissionais.

Seguimento ambulatorial de um grupo de prematuros e a prevalência do aleitamento na alta hospitalar e ao sexto mês de vida: contribuições da fonoaudiologia Outpatient follow-up of a group of premature infants and the prevalence of breastfeeding at discharge and at six months: speech-language pathology contributions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aliana Eduarda Czechowski

2010-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência do aleitamento materno em prematuros com peso acima de 1500 g, na alta hospitalar e até o 6º mês de vida. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo observacional, retrospectivo, de caráter quantitativo, baseado na análise de prontuários de bebês nascidos entre janeiro de 2006 e dezembro de 2007, que foram assistidos pelo serviço de Fonoaudiologia na unidade pediátrica e ambulatório de Fonoaudiologia de um Hospital de Base. Foram incluídos recém-nascidos pré-termo de baixo peso, com ausência de doenças congênitas cardíacas, pulmonares ou síndromes genéticas e índice de APGAR maior que três no 1º minuto e cinco no 5º minuto. RESULTADOS: Dos 156 prontuários estudados, constatou-se que a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo na alta hospitalar foi de 58,3%. Aos seis meses de vida do bebê foi observado uma prevalência de 22,2% em aleitamento materno exclusivo. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo mostrou-se bastante aquém do valor recomendado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, que é de aleitamento materno exclusivo até o sexto mês de vida.PURPOSE: To verify the prevalence of breastfeeding in preterm infants weighting over 1500 g at hospital discharge and until six months of life. METHODS: This is a quantitative descriptive observational retrospective study, based on the analysis of records of infants born between January 2006 and December 2007, which were assisted by the Speech-Language Pathology department in the pediatric unit and the Speech-Language Pathology outpatient clinic of a hospital. The inclusion criteria were: low birth weight preterm infants, with no congenital heart or pulmonary diseases, no genetic syndromes, and APGAR score higher than three at one minute and five at five minutes. RESULTS: The results from the 156 records studied showed that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge was 58.3%. At six months it was

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHLORATED AND PHOSPHORATED INSECTICIDES IN BAIT ATTRACTIVENESS BY “BANANA BORER” (Cosmopolites sordidus GERMAR, 1824 ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DE INSETICIDAS CLORADOS E FOSFORADOS NA ATRATIVIDADE DE ISCAS PELO “MOLEQUE DA BANANEIRA” (Cosmopolites sordidus Germar, 1824

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Ronaldo Veloso Naves

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

The efficiency of several insecticides for the control of the banana borer were tested in two kinds of traps. The cloride insecticides are most widely used but they are probably repellent to the weevil. DDT, Aldrin, Diazinon and Parathion were compared in two kinds of traps: slices of rhizome and pieces of pseudostem. The best results were obtained with Parathion in rhizome slices.

A broca-da-bananeira ou “moleque” (Cosmopolites sordidus Germar é urna das pragas mais importantes da bananeira. A revisão de literatura mostra que os produtos clorados são os mais utilizados e recomendados no combate a essa praga, principalmente, Aldrin. O presente trabalho visou a testar inseticidas fosforados e também verificar o tipo de isca mais atrativa. A análise estatística dos dados obtidos demonstrou haver diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, entre os dois tipos de iscas, e na interação iscas x tratamento. Com base nos resultados e observações feitas durante a fase experimental, podemos tirar as seguintes conclusões: a As iscas do tipo sanduíche, feitas com pedaços de rizoma são mais atrativas do que as do tipo telha, feita de pedaços de pseudo-caule, cortados longitudinalmente; b O inseticida que apresentou melhores resultados foi o RHODIATOX (Parathion.

Comparison of the effectiveness of seven amiloride congeners as inhibitors of Na/H and Na/Ca antiport in cultured smooth muscle cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, L.; Higgins, B.L.; Cragoe, E.J. Jr.; Smith, J.B.

1987-01-01

The authors cultured smooth muscle cells from rat aorta and assayed Na/Ca antiport by measuring the initial rate of 45 Ca influx in Na-loaded cells. Na/H antiport was assayed by measuring the initial rate of 22 Na influx in acid-loaded cells. The external medium was the same for both assays except Na was 10 mM for Na/H antiport and O for the Na/Ca antiport assay. The dose of each congener that caused 50% inhibition (I 50 ) was calculated using a log-log median effect plot. The linear regression coefficients ranged from 0.916 to 0.998. Of all the compounds tested only dimethylbenzamil is more potent as an inhibitor of Na/Ca compared to Na/H antiport

Presoja notranjih kontrol pri obračunu davka na dodano vrednost na primeru "Podjetja x"

OpenAIRE

Majcen, Borut

2016-01-01

Poslovanje podjetja si je ob odsotnosti notranjih kontrol nemogoče predstavljati. Podjetja so podvržena raznim tveganjem, še posebej v današnjih razmerah globalnega poslovanja, ko se podjetja soočajo z vedno novimi izzivi, kar prinaša tudi nova tveganja. Najučinkovitejši ukrep za obvladovanje tveganj predstavlja vzpostavitev sistema notranjih kontrol. Obvladovanje tveganj pa ne poteka samo na ravni podjetja kot celote, ampak je prisotno na vseh področjih delovanja podjetja, torej tudi na p...

Culturas morais e políticas de desenvolvimento na noruega e na união europeia

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Maria Macedo Barroso

2014-06-01

Full Text Available A partir de um diálogo entre os casos da Noruega e da União Europeia, pretendemos analisar a combinação de diferentes fatores e escalas de processos sociais (individuais, institucionais e de unidades políticas nacionais e supranacionais, estruturantes na formação dos sentidos sociais do desenvolvimento, notadamente das relações entre princípios morais e trocas interessadas, constitutivas das "culturas morais" dos universos analisados. Na perspectiva dos indivíduos, observaremos pela lente do caso da UE as motivações, vocações e histórias de vida dos "profissionais do desenvolvimento", bem como as razões da adesão da opinião pública às ações de cooperação internacional. Na escala institucional, abordaremos, nos dois casos, os modelos político-administrativos utilizados pela burocracia do desenvolvimento, e as lógicas dos diferentes grupos organizados para disputar seus recursos, no caso da Noruega. Na dimensão dos Estados, analisaremos a lógica das políticas nacionais e internacionais sob as quais são negociadas as intervenções de cooperação bilateral e/ou multilaterais tanto na Noruega quanto na UE.

Intermittent Hypoxia Inhibits Na+-H+ Exchange-Mediated Acid Extrusion Via Intracellular Na+ Accumulation in Cardiomyocytes

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Huai-Ren Chang

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Background/Aims: Intermittent hypoxia (IH has been shown to exert preconditioning-like cardioprotective effects. It also has been reported that IH preserves intracellular pH (pHi during ischemia and protects cardiomyocytes against ischemic reperfusion injury. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear. Methods: In this study, we used proton indicator BCECF-AM to analyze the rate of pHi recovery from acidosis in the IH model of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. Neonatal cardiomyocytes were first treated with repetitive hypoxia-normoxia cycles for 1-4 days. Cells were then acid loaded with NH4Cl, and the rate of pHi recovery from acidosis was measured. Results: We found that the pHi recovery rate from acidosis was much slower in the IH group than in the room air (RA group. When we treated cardiomyocytes with Na+-H+ exchange (NHE inhibitors (Amiloride and HOE642 or Na+-free Tyrode solution during the recovery, there was no difference between RA and IH groups. We also found intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i significantly increased after IH exposure for 4 days. However, the phenomenon could be abolished by pretreatment with ROS inhibitors (SOD and phenanathroline, intracellular calcium chelator or Na+-Ca2+ exchange (NCX inhibitor. Furthermore, the pHi recovery rate from acidosis became faster in the IH group than in the RA group when inhibition of NCX activity. Conclusions: These results suggest that IH would induce the elevation of ROS production. ROS then activates Ca2+-efflux mode of NCX and results in intracellular Na+ accumulation. The rise of [Na+]i further inhibits the activity of NHE-mediated acid extrusion and retards the rate of pHi recovery from acidosis during IH.

Elastic Coulomb breakup of 34Na

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, G.; Shubhchintak, Chatterjee, R.

2016-08-01

Background: 34Na is conjectured to play an important role in the production of seed nuclei in the alternate r -process paths involving light neutron rich nuclei very near the β -stability line, and as such, it is important to know its ground state properties and structure to calculate rates of the reactions it might be involved in, in the stellar plasma. Found in the region of `island of inversion', its ground state might not be in agreement with normal shell model predictions. Purpose: The aim of this paper is to study the elastic Coulomb breakup of 34Na on 208Pb to give us a core of 33Na with a neutron and in the process we try and investigate the one neutron separation energy and the ground state configuration of 34Na. Method: A fully quantum mechanical Coulomb breakup theory within the architecture of post-form finite range distorted wave Born approximation extended to include the effects of deformation is used to research the elastic Coulomb breakup of 34Na on 208Pb at 100 MeV/u. The triple differential cross section calculated for the breakup is integrated over the desired components to find the total cross-section, momentum, and angular distributions as well as the average momenta, along with the energy-angular distributions. Results: The total one neutron removal cross section is calculated to test the possible ground state configurations of 34Na. The average momentum results along with energy-angular calculations indicate 34Na to have a halo structure. The parallel momentum distributions with narrow full widths at half-maxima signify the same. Conclusion: We have attempted to analyze the possible ground state configurations of 34Na and in congruity with the patterns in the `island of inversion' conclude that even without deformation, 34Na should be a neutron halo with a predominant contribution to its ground state most probably coming from 33Na(3 /2+)⊗ 2 p3 /2ν configuration. We also surmise that it would certainly be useful and rewarding to test our

Osmotic and activity coefficients of aqueous NaTcO4 and NaReO4 solutions at 250C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boyd, G.E.

1978-01-01

Isopiestic vapor-pressure comparison experiments were performed with aqueous binary sodium perchlorate, pertechnetate, and perrhenate solutions to concentrations of approximately 8.5 m. Osmotic coefficients for these solutions and mean molal ionic activity coefficients for NaTcO 4 and NaReO 4 were derived from the isotonic molalities. Pitzer's treatment was applied to describe the concentration dependence of the osmotic coefficients of NaClO 4 , NaTcO 4 , and NaReO 4 , and the implications of the parameters derived from a least-squares fit are discussed in terms of solvent structure and interionic forces. 4 tables, 1 figure

Energy levels of the single excited states in NaI and Na-like ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El-Sherbini, T.M.; Wahby, A.S.

1987-08-01

Energy levels of the single excited 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 ns( 2 S), 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 mp( 2 P), 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 md( 2 D) and 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 nf( 2 F); n=4-7, m=3-6 states for NaI and Na-like ions are calculated using the one configuration Hartree-Fock method. Good agreement is obtained between our results for the higher members of the NaI sequence and previous data from photo-absorption and beam foil experiments. (author). 11 refs, 3 figs, 9 tabs

Fabrication of implanted $^{22}$Na targets

CERN Multimedia

2002-01-01

A knowledge of the $^{22}$Na(p,$\\gamma$)$^{23}$ Mg reaction rate is of significant astrophysical interest. In order to complete previous studies of this reaction, radioactive $^{22}$Na targets of high purity are required. We ask for support to fabricate these targets via the implantation technique at ISOLDE GPS (off—line mode) using $^{22}$Na nuclides in an Al matrix produced in Nov. 1990 at the PSI (Zürich). The $^{22}$Na nuclides are released and ionized in a surface ionisation source, mass-analyzed at ISOLDE GPS, and implanted in a Ni-Ta backing and a C—foil in a special implantation setup.

Painful Na-channelopathies: an expanding universe.

Science.gov (United States)

Waxman, Stephen G

2013-07-01

The universe of painful Na-channelopathies--human disorders caused by mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels--has recently expanded in three dimensions. We now know that mutations of sodium channels cause not only rare genetic 'model disorders' such as inherited erythromelalgia and channelopathy-associated insensitivity to pain but also common painful neuropathies. We have learned that mutations of NaV1.8, as well as mutations of NaV1.7, can cause painful Na-channelopathies. Moreover, recent studies combining atomic level structural models and pharmacogenomics suggest that the goal of genomically guided pain therapy may not be unrealistic. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Usmerjanje urbanega razvoja na mestni ravni

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mojca Šašek Divjak

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Kot je poudarjeno v predstavljenem načrtu Kopenhagna, mestni načrt ne more rešiti vseh planskih problemov mesta. Predstavljal naj bi predvideni red, ki pa se pogosto sproti podira glede na nepredvidena dogajanja v prostoru. Probleme je velikokrat treba reševati šele, ko se pokažejo. Zato mora biti mestni načrt zastavljen dovolj prilagodljivo in fleksibilno, da dovoljuje potrebne spremembe. Vendar mora kljub temu dati mestu trdne glavne usmeritve in s tem omogočiti, da meščani lahko izkoristijo priložnosti, ki jih nudi nova doba in uveljavljajo nove kvalitete bivanja.

Velocity distribution and dimer formation in a Na/Na2 beam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bergmann, K.; Hefter, U.; Hering, P.

1977-01-01

Using the TOF via optical pumping method and the Doppler-shifted laser induced emission described previously, the authors have measured the parallel and perpendicular velocity distribution respectively for Na atoms and Na 2 molecules in a variety of individual quantum states. In addition they monitored the flux of molecules in specific states while changing the stagnation pressure. In all cases a significant dependence on the internal energy of the molecules was found. The goal of these experiments is to improve understanding of the beam dynamics and the dimer formation process. (Auth.)

Angular distributions of photoelectrons from free Na clusters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wopperer, P.; Dinh, P. M.; Faber, B.; Reinhard, P.-G.; Suraud, E.

2010-01-01

We explore, from a theoretical perspective, photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) of the Na clusters Na 8 , Na 10 , Na 12 , Na 18 , Na 3 + , Na 11 + , Na 13 + , and Na 19 + . The basis of the description is the time-dependent local-density approximation (TDLDA), augmented by a self-interaction correction (SIC) to describe ionization properties correctly. The scheme is solved on a numerical grid in coordinate space with absorbing bounds. We assume for each cluster system an isotropic ensemble of free clusters and develop for the case of one-photon emission analytical formulas for computing the orientation-averaged PAD on the basis of a few TDLDA-SIC calculations for properly chosen reference orientations. It turns out that all the information in the averaged PAD is contained in one anisotropy parameter. We find that this parameter varies very little with system size, but as a whole is crucially influenced by the detailed ionic structure. We also make comparisons with direct orientation averaging and consider one example reaching outside the perturbative regime.

The Na+ transport in gram-positive bacteria defect in the Mrp antiporter complex measured with 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance.

Science.gov (United States)

Górecki, Kamil; Hägerhäll, Cecilia; Drakenberg, Torbjörn

2014-01-15

(23)Na nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has previously been used to monitor Na(+) translocation across membranes in gram-negative bacteria and in various other organelles and liposomes using a membrane-impermeable shift reagent to resolve the signals resulting from internal and external Na(+). In this work, the (23)Na NMR method was adapted for measurements of internal Na(+) concentration in the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, with the aim of assessing the Na(+) translocation activity of the Mrp (multiple resistance and pH) antiporter complex, a member of the cation proton antiporter-3 (CPA-3) family. The sodium-sensitive growth phenotype observed in a B. subtilis strain with the gene encoding MrpA deleted could indeed be correlated to the inability of this strain to maintain a lower internal Na(+) concentration than an external one. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Quatenary Na//F, Cl, CO3, MoO4 system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kochkarov, Zh.A.; Lok''yaeva, S.M.; Shurdumov, G.K.; Gasanaliev, A.M.; Trunin, A.S.

1999-01-01

Perspective in applied respect quatenary system (NaF) 2 -(NaCl)-Na 2 CO 3 -Na 2 MoO 4 being element of narrowing of more complex six-membered mutual Na//F, Cl, CO 3 , MoO 4 (WO 4 ) system is investigated by differential thermal analysis with the use of projection-thermographic method for the first time. Crystallization tree of Na//F, Cl, CO 3 , MoO 4 system is established. It is shown that this system by tetrahedrating (NaF) 2 -Na 2 CO 3 -Na 3 ClMoO 4 section is triangulated on two stable system: (NaF) 2 -Na 3 ClMoO 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -(NaCl) 2 and (NaF) 2 -Na 3 ClMoO 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -Na 2 MoO 4 . Phase single units are determined too. Coordinates of desired quatenary nonvariant points are calculated on analytical models of surfaces by mutual crystallization of two phases and are refined by differential thermal analysis [ru

Experimental Study of Na based Titanium Nanofluid-Water Reaction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Gunyeop; Kim, Soo Jae; Baek, Jehyun; Kim, Hyun Soo; Oh, Sun Ryung; Park, Hyun Sun; Kim, Moo Hwan [POSTECH, Pohang (Korea, Republic of)

2015-10-15

In KALIMER-600, a sodium-cooled fast reactor designed by KAERI, thermal energy is transported from high-temperature liquid Na (526 .deg. C at 0.1 MPa) to low temperature water (230 .deg. C at - 19.5 MPa) through a heat exchanger. If any leakage or rupture occurs during the operation of this heat exchanger, highly pressurized liquid water can penetrate into the liquid Na channels; this contact should instantly cause SWR. As reaction continues, liquid water is soon vaporized by pressure drop and huge amount of reaction heat. This generated water vapor expands large reaction area and increases sodium-water vapor reaction process. Therefore, the rapid generation of reaction product (like H{sub 2}) and water vapor increases the system pressure that can cause the system failure in SFR. To reduce this strong chemical reaction phenomena between Na and water, some we have focused on suppressing the chemical reactivity of liquid Na by dispersing nanoparticles (NPs). For the real application of NaTiNF, the pressure change induced by NaTiNF-water reaction is compared with Na-water reaction in the present study. NaTiNF contains 100nm of Ti NPs at 0.2 vol. %. The reaction rate of NaTiNF-water reaction is also investigated as reaction temperature increases. Sodium-water vapor reaction (SVR) will occur when an SWR accident occurs in SFR. In this manner, NaTiNF-water vapor reaction is experimentally performed for ensuring the suppression of chemical reactivity of NaTiNF in contact with water vapor. In the basic step for reducing risk of an SWR in SFR, we have experimentally verified the suppressed chemical reactivity of liquid sodium using Ti NPs through SWR and SVR experiments. In SWR, Na based titanium nanofluid (NaTiNF) shows lower pressure change than Na. As T{sub R} increases, P{sub max} in Na-water reaction increases while NaTiNF does not. The reaction rate of NaTiNF shows twice slower than that of Na. In SVR, NaTiNF shows slower temperature increase than Na. The distinct

Phase equilibria in the NaF-CdO-NaPO{sub 3} system at 873 K and crystal structure and physico-chemical characterizations of the new Na{sub 2}CdPO{sub 4}F fluorophosphate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aboussatar, Mohamed [Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, UMR 6296 CNRS, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand (France); Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’État Solide, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax (Tunisia); Mbarek, Aïcha [Laboratoire de Chimie Industrielle, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP W3038, 3000 Sfax (Tunisia); Naili, Houcine [Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’État Solide, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax (Tunisia); El-Ghozzi, Malika [Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, UMR 6296 CNRS, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand (France); Chadeyron, Geneviève [Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, UMR 6296 CNRS/UBP/SIGMA, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand (France); Avignant, Daniel [Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, UMR 6296 CNRS, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand (France); Zambon, Daniel, E-mail: Daniel.Zambon@univ-bpclermont.fr [Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, UMR 6296 CNRS, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand (France)

2017-04-15

Isothermal sections of the diagram representing phase relationships in the NaF-CdO-NaPO{sub 3} system have been investigated by solid state reactions and powder X-ray diffraction. This phase diagram investigation confirms the polymorphism of the NaCdPO{sub 4} side component and the structure of the ß high temperature polymorph (orthorhombic, space group Pnma and unit cell parameters a=9.3118(2), b=7.0459(1), c=5.1849(1) Å has been refined. A new fluorophosphate, Na{sub 2}CdPO{sub 4}F, has been discovered and its crystal structure determined and refined from powder X-ray diffraction data. It exhibits a new 3D structure with orthorhombic symmetry, space group Pnma and unit cell parameters a=5.3731(1), b=6.8530(1), c=12.2691(2) Å. The structure is closely related to those of the high temperature polymorph of the nacaphite Na{sub 2}CaPO{sub 4}F and the fluorosilicate Ca{sub 2}NaSiO{sub 4}F but differs essentially in the cationic repartition since the structure is fully ordered with one Na site (8d) and one Cd site (4c). Relationships with other Na{sub 2}M{sup II}PO{sub 4}F (M{sup II}=Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) have been examined and the crystal-chemical and topographical analysis of these fluorophosphates is briefly reviewed. IR, Raman, optical and {sup 19}F, {sup 23}Na, {sup 31}P MAS NMR characterizations of Na{sub 2}CdPO{sub 4}F have been investigated. - Graphical abstract: The structure of the compound Na{sub 2}CdPO{sub 4}F, discovered during the study of the phase relationships in the NaF-CdO-NaPO{sub 3} system, has been determined and compared with other Na{sub 2}M{sup II}PO{sub 4}F fluorophosphates. - Highlights: • XRD analysis of the isothermal section of the NaF-CdO-NaPO{sub 3} system at 923 K. • Rietveld refinement of the high temperature polymorph β-NaCdPO{sub 4}. • Crystal structure of the new Na{sub 2}CdPO{sub 4}F fluorophosphate determined from powder XRD. • Crystal structure - composition relationships of Na{sub 2}M{sup II}PO{sub 4}F compounds

Mechanochemical transformations in Li(Na)AlH4-Li(Na)NH2 systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dolotko, Oleksandr; Zhang Haiqiao; Ugurlu, Ozan; Wiench, Jerzy W.; Pruski, Marek; Scott Chumbley, L.; Pecharsky, Vitalij

2007-01-01

Mechanochemical transformations of tetrahydroaluminates and amides of lithium and sodium have been investigated using gas volumetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and transmission electron microscopy. In a transformation of LiAlH 4 and LiNH 2 taken in an 1:1 molar ratio, the amount of released hydrogen (6.6 wt.% after 30 min ball milling) was higher than in any known one pot mechanochemical process involving a hydrogen-containing solid. A total of 4.3 wt.% of hydrogen is released by the NaAlH 4 -NaNH 2 system after 60 min ball milling; and 5.2 wt.% H 2 is released when LiAlH 4 and NaNH 2 or NaAlH 4 and LiNH 2 are ball milled for 90 min and 120 min, respectively. All transformations proceed at room temperature. The mechanism of the overall transformation MAlH 4 (s) + MNH 2 (s) → 2MH(s) + AlN(s) + 2H 2 (g) was identified based on detailed spectroscopic analysis of the intermediate (M 3 AlH 6 ) and final products of the ball milling process

Makosa Yanayofanywa na Wanafunzi Wanaojifunza Kiswahili kama ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Makala haya, yanashughulika na makosa ambayo hufanywa na wanafunzi wanaojifunza Kiswahili kama lugha ya pili katika shule za sekondari nchini Uganda. Mtafiti ameyaainisha makosa mbalimbali na kuyaeleza kiusahihi. Makala yanaeleza namna ambavyo makosa hayo hutokea. Yaani, kama ni makosa ...

Učinak video igre "Flappy Bird" na adolescente

OpenAIRE

Horvat, Marija

2018-01-01

Ovaj diplomski rad nastoji predstaviti uvid u učinke videoigre Flappy Bird na adolescente, fokusirajući se pritom na to potiče li ona nasilno ponašanje te nastoji odgovoriti na pitanje koliko je ta videoigra bila popularna među adolescentima u Hrvatskoj te po čemu je smatraju posebnom, tj. specifičnom. U tu svrhu provedeno je anketno istraživanje, a isti anketni upitnik proveden je na terenu i putem interneta te su uspoređeni rezultati. Anketni upitnik konstruiran je na način da se prvi dio u...

Avaliação da uniformidade de distribuição de um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento em pimentao

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Célia Silva dos santos

2013-09-01

Full Text Available A produtividade agrícola em áreas irrigadas depende de uma série de fatores, dentre eles, o dimensionamento e manutenção dos sistemas. Aplicações excessivas ou insuficientes de água prejudicam o desenvolvimento das plantas e, consequentemente, a produtividade e a rentabilidade do agricultor. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a uniformidade em sistema de irrigação por gotejamento, utilizado na cultura da pimenta cultivada no município de Arapiraca-AL. Os coeficientes de uniformidade (CUC, CUD, a eficiência de aplicação, a vazão do sistema foram obtidos em avaliações de campo. Os resultados identificaram que o sistema está operando com boa uniformidade, porém a eficiência de aplicação está abaixo do recomendado.   

Perinatal Na+ Overload Programs Raised Renal Proximal Na+ Transport and Enalapril-Sensitive Alterations of Ang II Signaling Pathways during Adulthood

Science.gov (United States)

Cabral, Edjair V.; Vieira-Filho, Leucio D.; Silva, Paulo A.; Nascimento, Williams S.; Aires, Regina S.; Oliveira, Fabiana S. T.; Luzardo, Ricardo; Vieyra, Adalberto; Paixão, Ana D. O.

2012-01-01

Background High Na+ intake is a reality in nowadays and is frequently accompanied by renal and cardiovascular alterations. In this study, renal mechanisms underlying perinatal Na+ overload-programmed alterations in Na+ transporters and the renin/angiotensin system (RAS) were investigated, together with effects of short-term treatment with enalapril in terms of reprogramming molecular alterations in kidney. Methodology/Principal Findings Male adult Wistar rats were obtained from dams maintained throughout pregnancy and lactation on a standard diet and drinking water (control) or 0.17 M NaCl (saline group). Enalapril (100 mg/l), an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was administered for three weeks after weaning. Ninety day old offspring from dams that drank saline presented with proximal tubules exhibiting increased (Na++K+)ATPase expression and activity. Ouabain-insensitive Na+-ATPase activity remained unchanged but its response to angiotensin II (Ang II) was lost. PKC, PKA, renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition markedly increased, and AT2 receptor expression decreased while AT1 expression was unaltered. Early treatment with enalapril reduced expression and activity of (Na++K+)ATPase, partially recovered the response of Na+-ATPase to Ang II, and reduced PKC and PKA activities independently of whether offspring were exposed to high perinatal Na+ or not. In addition, treatment with enalapril per se reduced AT2 receptor expression, and increased TBARS, macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition. The perinatally Na+-overloaded offspring presented high numbers of Ang II-positive cortical cells, and significantly lower circulating Ang I, indicating that programming/reprogramming impacted systemic and local RAS. Conclusions/Significance Maternal Na+ overload programmed alterations in renal Na+ transporters and in its regulation, as well as severe structural lesions in adult offspring. Enalapril

alpha-Adducin mutations increase Na/K pump activity in renal cells by affecting constitutive endocytosis: implications for tubular Na reabsorption.

Science.gov (United States)

Torielli, Lucia; Tivodar, Simona; Montella, Rosa Chiara; Iacone, Roberto; Padoani, Gloria; Tarsini, Paolo; Russo, Ornella; Sarnataro, Daniela; Strazzullo, Pasquale; Ferrari, Patrizia; Bianchi, Giuseppe; Zurzolo, Chiara

2008-08-01

Genetic variation in alpha-adducin cytoskeletal protein is implicated in the polymerization and bundling of actin and alteration of the Na/K pump, resulting in abnormal renal sodium transport and hypertension in Milan hypertensive rats and humans. To investigate the molecular involvement of alpha-adducin in controlling Na/K pump activity, wild-type or mutated rat and human alpha-adducin forms were, respectively, transfected into several renal cell lines. Through multiple experimental approaches (microscopy, enzymatic assays, coimmunoprecipitation), we showed that rat and human mutated forms increased Na/K pump activity and the number of pump units; moreover, both variants coimmunoprecipitate with Na/K pump. The increased Na/K pump activity was not due to changes in its basolateral localization, but to an alteration of Na/K pump residential time on the plasma membrane. Indeed, both rat and human mutated variants reduced constitutive Na/K pump endocytosis and similarly affected transferrin receptor trafficking and fluid-phase endocytosis. In fact, alpha-adducin was detected in clathrin-coated vesicles and coimmunoprecipitated with clathrin. These results indicate that adducin, besides its modulatory effects on actin cytoskeleton dynamics, might play a direct role in clathrin-dependent endocytosis. The constitutive reduction of the Na/K pump endocytic rate induced by mutated adducin variants may be relevant in Na-dependent hypertension.

VPLIV OSEBNOSTI NA STILE VODENJA

OpenAIRE

Vučak, Petra

2009-01-01

Nekatere naše vrline krasijo zlate lastnosti, druge pa kvarijo sivi odtenki. Če bi ljudje razumeli in spoznali svojo osebnost, ter osebnostne tipe drugih ljudi, bi se problemi pri komunikaciji občutno zmanjšali. Takrat bi namreč lažje uvideli, zakaj je nekdo reagiral na način, kot je ali zakaj je nekdo dejal to, kar je. Smisel tega je, da spoznamo svoje dobre lastnosti, ki jih lahko še bolj razvijemo, slabe pa poskušamo nadzorovati in tako zmanjšati njihov vpliv. Iskanje uspešnih in učink...

VPLIV CENE NA ZADOVOLJSTVO IN ZVESTOBO UPORABNIKOV TELEKOMUNIKACIJSKIH STORITEV

OpenAIRE

Majcen, Mateja

2016-01-01

Cena izdelka ali storitve, ki jo plača uporabnik, ima pomemben vpliv na zadovoljstvo ali nezadovoljstvo uporabnika z uporabo tega izdelka ali storitve in posledično na zadovoljstvo do podjetja. Glede na to, da se različni avtorji strinjajo in to tudi dokazujejo z raziskavami, zadovoljstvo nedvoumno vpliva na zvestobo uporabnika, zvestoba pa na dolgoročno uspešnost podjetja, smo v delu ugotavljali, kako sama cena storitve vpliva na zadovoljstvo in kako posredno preko zadovoljstva vpliva na zve...

NaI(Tl) electron energy resolution

CERN Document Server

Mengesha, W

2002-01-01

NaI(Tl) electron energy resolution eta sub e was measured using the Modified Compton Coincidence Technique (MCCT). The MCCT allowed detection of nearly monoenergetic internal electrons resulting from the scattering of incident 662 keV gamma rays within a primary NaI(Tl) detector. Scattered gamma rays were detected using a secondary HPGe detector in a coincidence mode. Measurements were carried out for electron energies ranging from 16 to 438 keV, by varying the scattering angle. Measured HPGe coincidence spectra were deconvolved to determine the scattered energy spectra from the NaI(Tl) detector. Subsequently, the NaI(Tl) electron energy spectra were determined by subtracting the energy of scattered spectra from the incident source energy (662 keV). Using chi-squared minimization, iterative deconvolution of the internal electron energy spectra from the measured NaI(Tl) spectra was then used to determine eta sub e at the electron energy of interest. eta sub e values determined using this technique represent va...

Quantitative (23) Na MRI of human knee cartilage using dual-tuned (1) H/(23) Na transceiver array radiofrequency coil at 7 tesla.

Science.gov (United States)

Moon, Chan Hong; Kim, Jung-Hwan; Zhao, Tiejun; Bae, Kyongtae Ty

2013-11-01

To develop quantitative dual-tuned (DT) (1) H/(23) Na MRI of human knee cartilage in vivo at 7 Tesla (T). A sensitive (23) Na transceiver array RF coil was developed at 7T. B1 fields generated by the transceiver array coil were characterized and corrected in the (23) Na images. Point spread function (PSF) of the (23) Na images was measured, and the signal decrease due to partial-volume-effect was compensated in [(23) Na] quantification of knee cartilage. SNR and [(23) Na] in anterior femoral cartilage were measured from seven healthy subjects. SNR of (23) Na image with the transceiver array coil was higher than that of birdcage coil. SNR in the cartilage at 2-mm isotropic resolution was 26.80 ± 3.69 (n = 7). B1 transmission and reception fields produced by the DT coil at 7T were similar to each other. Effective full-width-half-maximum of (23) Na image was ∼5 mm at 2-mm resolution. Mean [(23) Na] was 288.13 ± 29.50 mM (n = 7) in the anterior femoral cartilage of normal subjects. We developed a new high-sensitivity (23) Na RF coil for knee MRI at 7T. Our (1) H/(23) Na MRI allowed quantitative measurement of [(23) Na] in knee cartilage by measuring PSF and cartilage thickness from (23) Na and (1) H image, respectively. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Razvitak naselja na kvarnerskim otocima - primjer Dobrinja

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marijan Bradanović

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Na dosad slabo poznatom i sa stajališta povijesti umjetnosti još posve neobrađenom primjeru Dobrinja na otoku Krku, raspravlja se o razvitku naselja na kvarnerskim otocima. Uz isticanje štetnosti dosad prevladavajućih uopćavanja, karakteristični položaj i razvitak Dobrinja tumače se u širem, komparativnom kontekstu. Analiziraju se prostiranje i obilježja pojedinih dijelova ovog naselja, a naglasak je na vremenu kasnog srednjeg i ranijeg novog vijeka. Tada je najuži dio povijesnog središta Dobrinja poprimio čvrstu, na tlorisnoj osnovi i danas, usprkos opsežnim pregradnjama i arhitektonskim preinakama, jasno uočljivu, urbanu fizionomiju.

Zoneamento do potencial agrícola dos solos de uma área de cultivo na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco / Zoning of the agricultural potential of the soil at a cultivation area in the region “Zona da Mata” of Pernambuco

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuella Vieira Barbosa Neto

2017-11-01

Full Text Available A bacia do rio Natuba é um importante polo de produção de hortaliças para o abastecimento, sobretudo, da zona metropolitana do Recife. O planejamento racional do uso das terras nesta bacia se faz necessário para assegurar a conservação deste recurso. Este trabalho objetivou realizar o zoneamento da aptidão agrícola das terras do médio curso da bacia do rio Natuba – PE, considerando o emprego da média (manejo B e alta (manejo C tecnologias. A análise baseou-se nos critérios: deficiência de fertilidade, deficiência de água, excesso de água, suscetibilidade à erosão e impedimentos à mecanização. Os resultados indicaram que as formas de uso conservacionistas, mais recomendados são a pastagem plantada e lavouras, de forma restrita, no manejo B. A possibilidade de utilização do solo no manejo C se restringe à unidade dos Latossolos, posicionada em áreas de topo, e dos Gleissolos no ambiente de várzea. O uso atual praticado na área de estudo, somente, em parte está em conformidade com a aptidão agrícola das terras. Nas encostas íngremes, o uso intensivo com agricultura irrigada, está em desacordo com o potencial de uso agrícola. Técnicas de manejo que visam à utilização do solo de modo conservacionista devem ser implantadas em toda área.

Investigation of sodalites for conditioning halide salts (NaCl and NaI): Comparison of two synthesis routes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bardez, Isabelle; Campayo, Lionel; Rigaud, Danielle; Chartier, Myriam; Calvet, Aurelie [CEA, Laboratoire d' Etudes des Materiaux Ceramiques pour le Conditionnement, Site de Marcoule, Batiment 208, B.P. 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Ceze cedex (France)

2008-07-01

Sodalites with the general formula Na{sub 8}Al{sub 6}Si{sub 6}O{sub 24}X{sub 2} (where X = Cl or I) were investigated for ceramic conditioning of halide salts (NaCl and NaI). Because of the tendency of halides to volatilize at high temperature, two synthesis routes were tested to optimize the halide content in the sodalite phase. The first is based on heating at high temperature of a [nepheline NaAlSiO{sub 4} + salt] mixture prepared by a dry process. The second, performed at low temperature, consists of the reaction in aqueous media between kaolinite (Al{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 5}(OH){sub 4}), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and the salt. The present study compares these two syntheses and examines differences between chloro-sodalite and iodo-sodalite based on X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The next step will consist in sintering the resulting powder samples to obtain dense ceramics. (authors)

Dissolution of targets for the production of Mo-99: Part 1. Influence of NaOH concentration and the addition of NaNO3 and NaNO2 on the dissolution time

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Camilo, Ruth L.; Araujo, Izilda da C.; Mindrisz, Ana C.; Forbicini, Christina A.L.G. de O.

2011-01-01

Faced with global crisis in the production of radioisotope 99 Mo, which product of decay, 99 mTc, is the tracer element most often used in nuclear medicine and accounts for about 80% of all diagnostic procedures in vivo, since September 2008 Brazil is developing the project called Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor (RMB). Within the Brazilian Nuclear Program (PNB) the construction of the RMB, is seen as a long term solution to meet all domestic demand relative to the supply of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals. In the process to be studied to obtain 99 Mo from irradiated UA1 x -A1 LEU targets employing alkaline dissolution, processing time should be minimized, considering the short half life of 99 Mo and 99 mTc, about 66 h and 6 h, respectively. That makes dissolution time a significant factor in the development of the process. This paper presents the results of alkaline dissolution of scraps of Al, used to simulate the dissolution process of UA1 x -A1 targets. Al corresponds to about 79% of the total weight of the UA1 x -A1 target. The effect of NaOH concentration on dissolution time for the interval of 1 to 3.5 mol.L-1 was studied, keeping the molar ratio in 1Al:2.16NaOH and the initial temperature of 88 degree C. The influence of reagent composition over dissolution time was studied using three different solutions: a) 3 mol.L -1 NaOH, b) 3 mol.L -1 NaOH/NaNO 3 and c) 3 mol.L -1 NaOH/NaNO 2 , keeping the same molar ratio and temperature. The results showed that the dissolution time decreases with increasing NaOH concentration and the addition of NaNO 3 or NaNO 2 in the NaOH solution reduces both dissolution time and volume of gases released. (author)

Magnetic upconverting fluorescent NaGdF4:Ln3+ and iron-oxide@NaGdF4:Ln3+ nanoparticles

Science.gov (United States)

Shrivastava, Navadeep; Rocha, Uéslen; Muraca, Diego; Jacinto, Carlos; Moreno, Sergio; Vargas, J. M.; Sharma, S. K.

2018-05-01

Microwave assisted solvothermal method has been employed to synthesize multifunctional upconverting β-NaGdF4:Ln3+ and magnetic-upconverting Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3@NaGdF4:Ln3+ (Ln = Yb and Er) nanoparticles. The powder x-ray diffraction data confirms the hexagonal structure of NaGdF4:Ln3+ and high resolution transmission electron microscopy shows the formation of rod shaped NaGdF4:Ln3+ (˜ 20 nm) and ovoid shaped Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3@NaGdF4:Ln3+ (˜ 15 nm) nanoparticles. The magnetic hysteresis at 300 K for β-NaGdF4:Ln3+ demonstrates paramagnetic features, whereas iron-oxide@β-NaGdF4:Ln3+ exhibits superparamagnetic behavior along with a linear component at large applied field due to paramagnetic NaGdF4 matrix. Both nanoparticle samples provide an excellent green emitting [(2H11/2, 4S3/2)→4I15/2 (˜ 540 nm)] upconversion luminescence emission under excitation at 980 nm. The energy migration between Yb and Er in NaGdF4 matrix has been explored from 300-800 nm. Intensity variation of blue, green and red lines and the observed luminescence quenching due to the presence of Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 in the composite has been proposed. These kinds of materials contain magnetic and luminescence characteristics into single nanoparticle open new possibility for bioimaging applications.

The plant vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport.

Science.gov (United States)

Barkla, B J; Apse, M P; Manolson, M F; Blumwald, E

1994-01-01

Salt stress imposes severe limitations on plant growth, however, the extent of growth reduction depends upon the soil salinity level and the plant species. One of the mechanisms employed by salt tolerant plants is the effective vacuolar compartmentalization of sodium. The sequestration of sodium into the vacuole occurs by the operation of a Na+/H+ antiport located at the tonoplast. Evidence for a plant vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport has been demonstrated in tissues, intact vacuoles and isolated tonoplast vesicles. In sugar beet cell suspensions, the activity of the vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport increased with increasing NaCl concentrations in the growth medium. This increased activity was correlated with the increased synthesis of a 170 kDa tonoplast polypeptide. In vivo labelling of tonoplast proteins showed the enhanced synthesis of the 170 kDa polypeptide not only upon exposure of the cells to salt, but also when the cells were grown in the presence of amiloride. Exposure of the cells to amiloride also resulted in increased vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport activity. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the 170 kDa polypeptide almost completely inhibited the antiport activity, suggesting the association of this protein with the plant vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport. Antibodies against the Na+/H+ antiport-associated polypeptide were used to screen a Beta lambda ZAP expression library. A partial clone of 1.65 kb was sequenced and found to encode a polypeptide with a putative transmembrane domain and a large hydrophilic C terminus. This clone showed no homology to any previously cloned gene at either the nucleic acid or the amino acid level.

Correlation of the Na2SiO3 to NaOH Ratios and Solid to Liquid Ratios to the Kedah’s Soil Strength

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Nur Hamzah Hazamaah

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Geopolymer was used for the soil stabilization of Kedah’s soil at different ratios of solid to liquid and Na2SiO3 to NaOH in order to achieve the desired compressive strength. The geopolymerization process which produces an aluminosilicate gel was occurred due to the mixing of Kedah’s soil and fly ash with Na2SiO3 and NaOH. Soil stabilization by geopolymer was synthesized by the activation of fly ash and Kedah’s soil with Na2SiO3 and NaOH at different ratios of solid to liquid (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 and Na2SiO3 to NaOH (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 at a specific constant concentration of NaOH solution of 6M. The compressive strength up to 5.12 MPa was obtained at 3.0 of solid to liquid ratio and 2.5 of Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio in 7 days curing at room temperature.

Near resonant charge transfer in Na(4D)+K+ → Na++K*: Optical pumping of the Na(4D) state and energy dependence of rank 4 alignment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Campbell, E.E.B.; Huelser, H.; Witte, R.; Hertel, I.V.

1990-01-01

Rank 4 alignment has been observed in a quasi one electron system. Relative charge transfer cross sections of the Na 4dσ, 4dπ and 4dδ sublevels for the K + +Na(4D)→K * +Na + system have been measured. A strong energy dependence is observed. The results at energies less than 1 keV may be attributed to rotational coupling of the Na 4dπ state to the K 4fδ state. The Na atom is excited in a two-step process, the first step being excitation to the 3 2 P 3/2 level with a two-mode laser to pump from both hyperfine levels of the ground state simultaneously. This two-mode laser is described in detail. The optical pumping problem is solved using rate equations. The general formula for describing the scattering intensity for cylindrical symmetry, in terms of multipole moments, for atoms excited by two linearly polarised lasers is derived and used to evaluate the experimental results. (orig.)

Thermodynamic description of Tc(iv) solubility and carbonate complexation in alkaline NaHCO3-Na2CO3-NaCl systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Baumann, A; Yalçıntaş, E; Gaona, X; Polly, R; Dardenne, K; Prüßmann, T; Rothe, J; Altmaier, M; Geckeis, H

2018-03-28

The solubility of 99 Tc(iv) was investigated in dilute to concentrated carbonate solutions (0.01 M ≤ C tot ≤ 1.0 M, with C tot = [HCO 3 - ] + [CO 3 2- ]) under systematic variation of ionic strength (I = 0.3-5.0 M NaHCO 3 -Na 2 CO 3 -NaCl-NaOH) and pH m (-log[H + ] = 8.5-14.5). Strongly reducing conditions (pe + pH m ≈ 2) were set with Sn(ii). Carbonate enhances the solubility of Tc(iv) in alkaline conditions by up to 3.5 log 10 -units compared to carbonate-free systems. Solvent extraction and XANES confirmed that Tc was kept as +IV during the timeframe of the experiments (≤ 650 days). Solid phase characterization performed by XAFS, XRD, SEM-EDS, chemical analysis and TG-DTA confirmed that TcO 2 ·0.6H 2 O(am) controls the solubility of Tc(iv) under the conditions investigated. Slope analysis of the solubility data in combination with solid/aqueous phase characterization and DFT calculations indicate the predominance of the species Tc(OH) 3 CO 3 - at pH m ≤ 11 and C tot ≥ 0.01 M, for which thermodynamic and activity models are derived. Solubility data obtained above pH m ≈ 11 indicates the formation of previously unreported Tc(iv)-carbonate species, possibly Tc(OH) 4 CO 3 2- , although the likely formation of additional complexes prevents deriving a thermodynamic model valid for this pH m -region. This work provides the most comprehensive thermodynamic dataset available for the system Tc 4+ -Na + -Cl - -OH - -HCO 3 - -CO 3 2- -H 2 O(l) valid under a range of conditions relevant for nuclear waste disposal.

Stimulation of Na+/K+ ATPase activity and Na+ coupled glucose transport by β-catenin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sopjani, Mentor; Alesutan, Ioana; Wilmes, Jan; Dermaku-Sopjani, Miribane; Lam, Rebecca S.; Koutsouki, Evgenia; Jakupi, Muharrem; Foeller, Michael; Lang, Florian

2010-01-01

Research highlights: → The oncogenic transcription factor β-catenin stimulates the Na + /K + -ATPase. → β-Catenin stimulates SGLT1 dependent Na + , glucose cotransport. → The effects are independent of transcription. → β-Catenin sensitive transport may contribute to properties of proliferating cells. -- Abstract: β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein stimulating as oncogenic transcription factor several genes important for cell proliferation. β-Catenin-regulated genes include the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1, which is known to stimulate a variety of transport systems. The present study explored the possibility that β-catenin influences membrane transport. To this end, β-catenin was expressed in Xenopus oocytes with or without SGLT1 and electrogenic transport determined by dual electrode voltage clamp. As a result, expression of β-catenin significantly enhanced the ouabain-sensitive current of the endogeneous Na + /K + -ATPase. Inhibition of vesicle trafficking by brefeldin A revealed that the stimulatory effect of β-catenin on the endogenous Na + /K + -ATPase was not due to enhanced stability of the pump protein in the cell membrane. Expression of β-catenin further enhanced glucose-induced current (Ig) in SGLT1-expressing oocytes. In the absence of SGLT1 Ig was negligible irrespective of β-catenin expression. The stimulating effect of β-catenin on both Na + /K + ATPase and SGLT1 activity was observed even in the presence of actinomycin D, an inhibitor of transcription. The experiments disclose a completely novel function of β-catenin, i.e. the regulation of transport.

Explosive phenomena in heavily irradiated NaCl

NARCIS (Netherlands)

denHartog, HW; Vainshtein, DI; Matthews, GE; Williams, RT

1997-01-01

In heavily irradiated NaCl crystals explosive phenomena can be initiated during irradiation or afterwards when samples are heated to temperatures between 100 and 250 degrees C. During irradiation of NaCl Na and Cl-2 precipitates and void structures are produced along with the accumulation of stored

Crystallographic characterization of cement pastes hydrated with NaCl; Caracterizacao cristalografica de pastas de cimento hidratadas com NaCl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Melo, Carina Gabriela de Melo e; Martinelli, Antonio Eduardo; Melo, Dulce Maria Araujo; Melo, Marcus Antonio de Freitas; Melo, Vitor Rodrigo de Melo e [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil)

2012-07-01

One of the major current challenges faced by oil companies is the exploration of pre salt basins. Salt layers deposited upon the evaporation of ocean water and continental separation are mainly formed by NaCl and isolate immense oil reservoirs. The mechanical stability and zonal isolation of oil wells that run through salt layers must be fulfilled by cement sheaths saturated with NaCl to assure chemical compatibility between cement and salt layer. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of NaCl addition on the hydration of oil well cement slurries as well as identifying the nature of crystalline phases present in the hardened cement. To that end, cement slurries containing NaCl were mixed, hardened and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that the presence of NaCl affects the formation of hydration products by the presence of Friedel's salt. The intensity of the corresponding peaks increase as the contents of NaCl in the slurry increase. High concentrations of NaCl in Portland slurries increase the setting time of cement and the presence of Friedel's salt decreases the strength of the hardened cement. (author)

Estereótipos na comunicação intercultural: o caso do intercâmbio cultural na PUCRS

OpenAIRE

Espindola, Polianne Merie

2010-01-01

Este é um estudo da estereotipia existente na comunicação intercultural. O objetivo é entender a natureza do estereótipo mental e seu papel na comunicação entre interlocutores de culturas distintas. Para tanto, observa os estudantes estrangeiros em programas de intercâmbio no campus da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo define o conceito de estereótipo e explicita seu papel na comunicação intercultural; verifica sua relevância na construção das narrativas entre cu...

Nível de pressão sonora em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Priscila Vendramini Peixoto

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar o nível de pressão sonora (NPS de duas salas de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN e identificar as suas fontes. É uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, conduzida em duas salas de UTIN de hospital universitário de São Paulo - SP, Brasil. Registros de NPS foram realizados por três dosímetros, totalizando 261 horas de mensuração. Obteve-se 48 horas de registros das fontes que produzem ruídos. Os resultados indicam elevados níveis de pressão sonora nos dois ambientes. Os maiores níveis de Leq foram 71,0 dBA na sala A e 68,0 dBA na sala B. As principais fontes de ruído encontradas nas duas unidades foram ruído no corredor, trânsito e conversa entre os profissionais. Os resultados revelam que os NPS das salas da UTIN estão distantes dos recomendados pelos órgãos regulamentadores. Foi desenvolvido um protocolo e implementado um programa educativo, visando à redução dos níveis de pressão sonora.

VPLIV ULCEROZNEGA KOLITISA NA KAKOVOST ŽIVLJENJA

OpenAIRE

Dugi, Maja

2015-01-01

Pri vsaki bolezni je zelo pomembna kakovost življenja pacientov. Ulcerozni kolitis je kronična bolezen, ki je znana po obdobjih mirovanja in izbruhov, kar definitivno vpliva na posameznika, ki se s tem spopada. Sooča se z raznimi omejitvami, ki vplivajo na njegov vsakdan. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je kakovost življenja bolnikov z ulceroznim kolitisom izrazito okrnjena. Ne le, da se spopadajo z bolečino, ampak tudi s psihičnimi in socialnimi posledicami, ki vplivajo na fizične aktivn...

Análise do efeito imunomodulador da ouabaína na inflamação e nocicepção

OpenAIRE

Vasconcelos, Danielle Ingrid Bezerra de

2011-01-01

A Ouabaína é um glicosídeo cardiotônico, inibidor da Na+/K+-ATPase, utilizada na clínica para o tratamento de insuficiência cardíaca. Atualmente, sabe-se que essa substância é endógena, e capaz de interferir em várias funções fisiológicas, inclusive em diversos aspectos do sistema imunológico. Apesar disso, pouco se sabe sobre seu envolvimento em processos inflamatórios e nociceptivos. Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a atividade da Ouabaína na inflamação aguda desencadeada pela ad...

Corporate governance in Latin America: the relevance of OECD principles for the board's integrity and directors' independence

OpenAIRE

KITAGAWA, Carlos Henrique; RIBEIRO, Maísa de Souza

2009-01-01

Os conselhos de administração são caracterizados como um importante elemento da boa governança corporativa. Nesse sentido, este trabalho busca identificar as práticas de governança das empresas latino-americanas aos princípios recomendados pela Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico, OCDE, para essa região (Brasil, Argentina, México e Chile). Dentre os sete princípios por ela recomendados para a América Latina, este trabalho tem como foco apenas o quinto princípio, que trata ...

Erythrocyte 22Na+ influx in hypertension

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shalev, O.; Eaton, J.W.; Ben-Ishay, D.

1984-01-01

We assessed 22Na+ uptake by erythrocytes (RBC) from 38 individuals with essential hypertension and 37 healthy controls. All subjects were male, white, non-obese and with normal renal function, obviating sex, race, hormonal, ponderal and renal factors known to influence RBC Na+ handling. The mean +/- sem 22Na+ uptake of the patients was 284 +/- 16 mumole/liter RBC/hour while that of normal controls was 249 +/- 11 mumole/liter RBC/hour; although the difference reached borderline significance, individual values showed considerable overlap. Consequently, in our population, RBC 22Na+ uptake is not a reliable marker for essential hypertension. We believe that previous studies should be reassessed with regard to patients' characteristics and future studies employ rigorous criteria in selection of subjects

O grotesco na imagem publicitária

OpenAIRE

Silva, Maria João Barros

2013-01-01

O significado da palavra grotesco teve um começo puramente artístico numa descoberta, de imagens de figuras humanas deformadas e alteradas. No entanto, este foi evoluindo e adotando novos significados mais amplos e concretos na atualidade. É possível encontrar vários exemplos do grotesco em várias plataformas, como no cinema, na televisão e na literatura. Neste sentido, para se poder proceder ao estudo desta temática é fundamental a conquista do conhecimento sobre o estatuto do grotesco na pu...

Gravidez na adolescência: tendência na produção científica de enfermagem

OpenAIRE

Gurgel, Maria Glêdes Ibiapina; Alves, Maria Dalva Santos; Vieira, Neiva Francenely Cunha; Pinheiro, Patrícia Neyva da Costa; Barroso, Grasiela Teixeira

2008-01-01

A gravidez em adolescentes tem implicações biológica, psicológica, social, econômica e cultural. O estudo exploratório, descritivo e bibliográfico objetivou identificar as concepções da gravidez na adolescência, sujeito, vulnerabilidade e gênero, presentes na produção científica de Enfermagem. Foram selecionados intencionalmente quatro periódicos brasileiros e dois da América Latina indexados de 2002 a 2006 na Scientific Electronic Library. Dos 1.472 artigos identificados, 43 tinham como temá...

Neutralization of Na2PO4: Reaction between Na3PO4 and CaCL2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xia Shenglan; Wang Luning

1990-01-01

The results of reaction Na 3 PO 4 with CaCl 2 in water at ambient and higher temperature are described. The reaction rate of Na 3 PO 4 with CaCl 2 is slow at ambient temperature and the reaction is complete at 260 deg C after 2 h. The products are Ca(OH) 2 and Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (OH). The quantity of them is dependent upon the quanity of Na 3 PO 4 and CaCl 2 contained in water, all of them control pH of water

Raman scattering and lattice stability of NaAlH{sub 4} and Na{sub 3}AlH{sub 6}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yukawa, H. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8603 (Japan)], E-mail: hiroshi@numse.nagoya-u.ac.jp; Morisaku, N.; Li, Y.; Komiya, K.; Rong, R.; Shinzato, Y. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8603 (Japan); Sekine, R. [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka 422-8529 (Japan); Morinaga, M. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8603 (Japan)

2007-10-31

In situ Raman spectroscopy measurements have been performed during the decomposition of NaAlH{sub 4} in order to investigate the transition from the four-coordinated complex anion, [AlH{sub 4}]{sup -}, in NaAlH{sub 4} to the six-coordinated complex anion, [AlH{sub 6}]{sup 3-}, in Na{sub 3}AlH{sub 6}. Also, the local geometry and the Al-H vibrations are analyzed theoretically by the first-principle calculations of the electronic structures. It is found that the Raman sift at 1765 cm{sup -1} for the Al-H stretching vibration in NaAlH{sub 4} shifts towards the higher frequency side, 1801 cm{sup -1} upon melting. This Raman spectrum for the liquid phase recovers to the original position when it is cooled down to room temperature before Na{sub 3}AlH{sub 6} start to appear. The Raman peak around 1800 cm{sup -1} is still observed after the decomposition of NaAlH{sub 4} occurs to precipitate Na{sub 3}AlH{sub 6}. However, this peak does not recover to its original position by cooling, but still persists in the sample cooled down to room temperature. From these results, the intermediate transition state during the decomposition of NaAlH{sub 4} into Na{sub 3}AlH{sub 6} is discussed. In addition, it is shown from a series of calculation that the highest frequency of the Al-H vibration correlates with the shortest Al-H bond length in the MAlH{sub 4}-type and its derivative complex hydrides.

Predstave o seksu u filmovima na temu postapokalipse

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Banić-Grubišić

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Rad se bavi načinima predstavljanja seksualnih odnosa u filmovima na temu postapokalipse. Razmatraju se različiti oblici/vrste seksualnih veza, koje se javljaju u postkataklizmičnom okruženju, u odnosu na dva tipa zajednica/društava koja nastaju nakon kraja sveta. Ti filmovi pokazuju koliko je ideja o nagonskoj, prirodnoj, biološkoj seksualnosti raširena u popularnoj imaginaciji – seks je u postapokalipsi predstavljen kao pokretačka sila, na isti način kao što je to i glad.

IMPLEMENTATION OF RISK CLASSIFICATION IN A EMERGENCY UNIT OF A PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN RIO DE JANEIRO - AN EXPERIENCE REPORT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eugenio Fuentes Pérez Júnior

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo:. identificar critérios de gravidade dos clientes, previamente estabelecidos pelo corpo clínico do hospital e institucionalizados pela Direção na forma de Protocolo clínico, de uma forma objetiva e sistematizada; indicar a prioridade clínica com que o paciente deve ser atendido e o respectivo tempo alvo recomendado até o atendimento médico. Método:. Pesquisa quantitativa do tipo Relato de experiência com descrição do processo de implementação do projeto Triagem de Manchester em uma unidade hospitalar pública. Resultados: A avaliação da implementação, após 50.996 classificações, revelaram mudanças no perfil de atendimento e na rotina do serviço. Conclusão:. A implementação do projeto de Classificação de Risco na emergência contribuiu para proporcionar um gestão do serviço de emergência de forma mais humana. A priorização da assistência pelo método sistematizado pré definido tem assegurado aos clientes uma assistência segura e justa evitando a ocorrência de agravamentos ou óbitos nas filas de espera das emergências. Descritores: Enfermagem; Triagem; Acolhimento.

Adaptação e validação do Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT para população ribeirinha do interior da Amazônia, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Otávio Moretti-Pires

2011-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo foi validar o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT para a população do interior do Amazonas, Brasil. A versão original em Inglês foi traduzida para o Português, usando-se o procedimento recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. O texto foi, então, retraduzido e enviado para um tradutor inglês nativo, que aprovou a tradução. O AUDIT foi administrado a 361 habitantes, três vezes, em um período de duas semanas (teste e reteste. Os dados foram analisados para a confiabilidade e consistência interna. O alfa de Cronbach foi de 0,87 na primeira aplicação, 0,87 na segunda e 0,86 na terceira. A confiabilidade Teste/Reteste foi avaliada usando-se o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse, que para a pontuação total do AUDIT foi de 0,93. A área sob a curva ROC foi de 0,805 no ponto de corte sete (sensibilidade de 76,4% e especificidade 75%. Conclusões: a versão do AUDIT validada mostra-se internamente consistente e estável no contexto investigado, destacando-se a necessidade de avaliação de outras propriedades psicométricas.

23Na and 35/37Cl as NMR probes of growth and shape of sodium taurodeoxycholate micellar aggregates in the presence of NaCl.

Science.gov (United States)

Asaro, Fioretta; Feruglio, Luigi; Galantini, Luciano; Nardelli, Alessia

2013-02-15

The growth of the aggregates of the dihydroxylated bile salt sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC) upon NaCl addition and the involvement of the counterion were investigated by NMR spectroscopy of monoatomic ionic species. (23)Na T(1) values from 0.015, 0.100, and 0.200 mol kg(-1) NaTDC solutions in D(2)O, at variable NaCl content, proved to be sensitive to the transition from primary to secondary aggregates, which occurs in the former sample, and to intermicellar interaction. Some (79)Br NMR measurements were performed on a 0.100 mol kg(-1) NaTDC sample added by NaBr in place of NaCl for comparison purposes. The (23)Na, (35)Cl, and (37)Cl double quantum filtered (DQF) patterns, from the 0.100 mol kg(-1) NaTDC sample, and (23)Na ones also from the 0.200 mol kg(-1) NaTDC one, in the presence of 0.750 mol kg(-1) NaCl, are a clear manifestation of motional anisotropy. Moreover, the DQF spectra of (23)Na and (37)Cl, which possess close quadrupole moments, display a striking similarity. The DQF lineshapes were simulated exploiting the Scilab environment to obtain an estimate of the residual quadrupole splitting magnitude. These results support the description of NaTDC micelles as cylindrical aggregates, strongly interacting at high ionic strengths, and capable of association with added electrolytes. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Robust high pressure stability and negative thermal expansion in sodium-rich antiperovskites Na3OBr and Na4OI2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Yonggang; Wen, Ting; Park, Changyong; Kenney-Benson, Curtis; Pravica, Michael; Zhao, Yusheng; Yang, Wenge

2016-01-01

The structure stability under high pressure and thermal expansion behavior of Na 3 OBr and Na 4 OI 2 , two prototypes of alkali-metal-rich antiperovskites, were investigated by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques under high pressure and low temperature. Both are soft materials with bulk modulus of 58.6 GPa and 52.0 GPa for Na 3 OBr and Na 4 OI 2 , respectively. The cubic Na 3 OBr structure and tetragonal Na 4 OI 2 with intergrowth K 2 NiF 4 structure are stable under high pressure up to 23 GPa. Although being a characteristic layered structure, Na 4 OI 2 exhibits nearly isotropic compressibility. Negative thermal expansion was observed at low temperature range (20–80 K) in both transition-metal-free antiperovskites for the first time. The robust high pressure structure stability was examined and confirmed by first-principles calculations among various possible polymorphisms qualitatively. The results provide in-depth understanding of the negative thermal expansion and robust crystal structure stability of these antiperovskite systems and their potential applications

Thermoluminescence and F centers of manganese doped NaCl and NaCl-CKl crystals exposed to gamma radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Somera, L.; Cruz Z, E.; Roman L, J.; Hernandez A, J. M.; Murrieta S, H.

2015-10-01

Alkali halides crystals doped with rare earths or transition metals have been widely studied due to the luminescence properties. In particular, NaCl and KCl single crystals present thermally stimulated luminescence (Tl) after gamma irradiation. The NaCl and the NaCl KCl mixed crystal doped with manganese (MnCl 2 ) impurity were grown by using the Czochralski method. The emission characteristic of Mn 2+ was observed at 543 nm. The crystals were exposed between 0.02 and 10 kGy gamma dose from 60 Co irradiator. Optical absorption at room temperature shows the peaked band at 452 nm corresponding to the manganese impurity. The F bands, was ascribed to the electron trapped in the anion vacancy in the lattice, were obtained at 452 nm and 455 nm belonging to NaCl:Mn and NaCl KCl:Mn, respectively. The F band increases as the doses increase and it was bleaching by the UV light at 470 nm. The glow curves of the samples show the first glow peak between 92-103 degrees C, while the second main peak was observed at 183 degrees C for the undoped NaCl and at 148 and 165 degrees C for the NaCl:Mn and NaCl-KCl:Mn, respectively. The main peak was slowly bleaching when the irradiated sample was illuminated with F (470 nm) light. Optical bleaching confirms that the F center has an important participation in the thermoluminescent response. The glow curves structure from the thermal bleaching suggests the participation of different kind of traps. Also, the kinetics parameters such as activation energy (E), frequency factor (s) and the kinetic order (b) were investigated. (Author)

Thermoluminescence and F centers of manganese doped NaCl and NaCl-CKl crystals exposed to gamma radiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Somera, L.; Cruz Z, E.; Roman L, J. [UNAM, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico D. F. (Mexico); Hernandez A, J. M.; Murrieta S, H., E-mail: ecruz@nucleares.unam.mx [UNAM, Instituto de Fisica, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico D. F. (Mexico)

2015-10-15

Alkali halides crystals doped with rare earths or transition metals have been widely studied due to the luminescence properties. In particular, NaCl and KCl single crystals present thermally stimulated luminescence (Tl) after gamma irradiation. The NaCl and the NaCl KCl mixed crystal doped with manganese (MnCl{sub 2}) impurity were grown by using the Czochralski method. The emission characteristic of Mn{sup 2+} was observed at 543 nm. The crystals were exposed between 0.02 and 10 kGy gamma dose from {sup 60}Co irradiator. Optical absorption at room temperature shows the peaked band at 452 nm corresponding to the manganese impurity. The F bands, was ascribed to the electron trapped in the anion vacancy in the lattice, were obtained at 452 nm and 455 nm belonging to NaCl:Mn and NaCl KCl:Mn, respectively. The F band increases as the doses increase and it was bleaching by the UV light at 470 nm. The glow curves of the samples show the first glow peak between 92-103 degrees C, while the second main peak was observed at 183 degrees C for the undoped NaCl and at 148 and 165 degrees C for the NaCl:Mn and NaCl-KCl:Mn, respectively. The main peak was slowly bleaching when the irradiated sample was illuminated with F (470 nm) light. Optical bleaching confirms that the F center has an important participation in the thermoluminescent response. The glow curves structure from the thermal bleaching suggests the participation of different kind of traps. Also, the kinetics parameters such as activation energy (E), frequency factor (s) and the kinetic order (b) were investigated. (Author)

Occlusion of /sup 22/Na+ and /sup 86/Rb+ in membrane-bound and soluble protomeric alpha beta-units of Na,K-ATPase

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vilsen, B.; Andersen, J.P.; Petersen, J.; Jorgensen, P.L.

1987-08-05

In this work, we examined occlusion of /sup 22/Na+ and /sup 86/Rb+ in membranous and detergent-solubilized Na,K-ATPase from outer renal medulla. Optimum conditions for occlusion of /sup 22/Na+ were provided by formation of the phosphorylated complex from the beta,gamma-bidentate complex of chromium (III) with ATP (CrATP). Release of occluded cations occurred at equally slow rates in soluble and membrane-bound Na,K-ATPase. Values of /sup 22/Na+ occlusion as high as 11 nmol/mg of protein were measured, corresponding to 1.8-2.7 mol of Na+/mol of phosphorylated Na,K-ATPase as determined by /sup 32/P incorporation from (gamma-/sup 32/P)CrATP. Maximum capacity for phosphorylation from (gamma-/sup 32/P)CrATP was 6 nmol/mg of protein and equal to capacities for binding of (48V)vanadate and (/sup 3/H)ouabain. The stoichiometry for occlusion of Rb+ was close to 2 Rb+ ions/phosphorylation site. In an analytical ultracentrifuge, the soluble Na+- or Rb+-occluded complexes showed sedimentation velocities (S20,w = 6.8-7.4) consistent with monomeric alpha beta-units. The data show that soluble monomeric alpha beta-units of Na,K-ATPase can occlude Rb+ or Na+ with the same stoichiometry as the membrane-bound enzyme. The structural basis for occlusion of cations in Na,K-ATPase is suggested to be the formation of a cavity inside a monomeric alpha beta-unit constituting the minimum protein unit required for active Na,K-transport.

Europlanet NA2 Science Networking

Science.gov (United States)

Harri, Ari-Matti; Szego, Karoly; Genzer, Maria; Schmidt, Walter; Krupp, Norbert; Lammer, Helmut; Kallio, Esa; Haukka, Harri

2013-04-01

Europlanet RI / NA2 Science Networking [1] focused on determining the major goals of current and future European planetary science, relating them to the Research Infrastructure that the Europlanet RI project [2] developed, and placing them in a more global context. NA2 also enhanced the ability of European planetary scientists to participate on the global scene with their own agenda-setting projects and ideas. The Networking Activity NA2 included five working groups, aimed at identifying key science issues and producing reference books on major science themes that will bridge the gap between the results of present and past missions and the scientific preparation of the future ones. Within the Europlanet RI project (2009-2012) the NA2 and NA2-WGs organized thematic workshops, an expert exchange program and training groups to improve the scientific impact of this Infrastructure. The principal tasks addressed by NA2 were: • Science activities in support to the optimal use of data from past and present space missions, involving the broad planetary science community beyond the "space club" • Science activities in support to the preparation of future planetary missions: Earth-based preparatory observations, laboratory studies, R&D on advanced instrumentation and exploration technologies for the future, theory and modeling etc. • Develop scientific activities, joint publications, dedicated meetings, tools and services, education activities, engaging the public and industries • Update science themes and addressing the two main scientific objectives • Prepare and support workshops of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern and • Support Trans National Activities (TNAs), Joined Research Activities (JRAs) and the Integrated and Distributed Information Service (IDIS) of the Europlanet project These tasks were achieved by WG workshops organized by the NA2 working groups, by ISSI workshops and by an Expert Exchange Program. There were 17 official WG

Alimentos balanceados para perros en Costa Rica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ruth Vargas

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Diagnóstico de la comercialización de alimentos balanceados para perros en Costa Rica. Para ampliar los reportes oficiales de la comercialización de alimentos para perros se creó una base de datos que incluyó cantidad, costo, empaque y formulación durante el período 1998 a agosto del 2000. De 1995 a 1998 y de 1996 a 1999 la producción nacional incrementó un 90,4% y la importación un 42,56% respectivamente, ocupando los alimentos nacionales un 72% del tonelaje y un 70% del valor en dólares americanos. No fue posible determinar cuál es el empaque más comercializado, pero si que los alimentos extrusados son los que ocupan el primer lugar y que los alimentos recomendados para cachorros y adultos son los que más se comercializan. La ausencia de datos en las declaraciones sugiere la necesidad de incrementar el control en las mismas en caso de requerirse un estudio de mercado, ya que contrariamente a esta situación el mayor número de garantías inscritas corresponden separadamente para las fases de cachorros y adultos. Merece también atención que las garantías indican mayores porcentajes de proteína cruda que los recomendados por la AAFCO y que al menos 36 fórmulas son recomendadas para estados sanitarios específicos (p.e. para perros con problemas de alergias, cálculos renales, pérdidas de pelo, etc. sin que oficialmente se encuentre registrada ninguna fórmula medicada

NA61/SHINE ion program

CERN Document Server

Mackowiak, Maja

2010-01-01

The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN covers one of the most interesting regions of the phase diagram (T - \\mu_{B}) of strongly interacting matter. The study of central Pb+Pb collisions by NA49 indicate that the threshold for deconfinement is reached already at the low SPS energies. Theoretical considerations predict a critical point of strongly interacting matter at energies accessible at the SPS. The NA61/SHINE experiment, a successor of the NA49 project, will study hadron production in p+p, p+A, h+A, and A+A reactions at various energies. The broad physics program includes the investigation of the properties of strongly interacting matter, as well as precision measurements of hadron spectra for the T2K neutrino experiment and for the Pierre Auger Observatory and KASCADE cosmic-ray projects. The main physics goals of the NA61/SHINE ion program are to study the properties of the onset of deconfinement at low SPS energies and to find signatures of the critical point of strongly interacting matter. To ach...

Armas na escola: que fazer?

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Raymundo de Lima

2010-09-01

Full Text Available

Um aluno portava um revólver na sala de aula de uma escola de Maringá (O Diário, 30/07/2010. Ele pegou arma do pai, sem que este soubesse, para se proteger de garotos que o intimidavam. Trata-se de um caso isolado ou é hora de a escola tomar medidas preventivas? Semanas antes, tiros foram disparados dentro de uma faculdade da mesma cidade. O autor dos disparos está preso, e a faculdade tenta apagar as marcas com publicidade positiva na Tv. Em Campo Mourão, cidade a cerca de uma hora de Maringá, duas meninas foram mortas e enterradas na escola.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade do rendimento de genótipos de arroz, mediante duas metodologias de avaliação na Colômbia Adaptability and stability of yield rice genotypes, using two assessment methodologies in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lina Maria Ramos

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Utilizando-se os dados de produtividade de grãos, se avaliou a adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica de 12 genótipos de arroz sob condições de solos com e sem inundação, visando à seleção de materiais com adaptação ampla ou específica. Oito experimentos foram conduzidos nos estados de Meta, Tolima e Huila, localizados na região leste da Colômbia, durante os anos de 2005 e 2006. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Para a avaliação da adaptabilidade e estabilidade, utilizaram-se os mátodos propostos por Eberhart e Russell, e Annichiarico. A análise de variância revelou a existência da interação genótipo-ambiente. As duas metodologias revelaram resultados semelhantes. O genótipo 400094 foi considerado adaptável e estável segundo as metodologias empregadas, e deve ser recomendado para as duas condições de cultivo avaliadas.Utilizando los datos de rendimiento de grano, se evaluó la capacidad de adaptación y estabilidad fenotípica de 12 genotipos de arroz bajo condiciones de suelos con y sin inundación, con el objetivo de seleccionar materiales con adaptación amplia o específica. Ocho experimentos se llevaron a cabo en los Departamentos de Meta, Tolima y Huila, ubicados al Este de Colombia, durante los años 2005 y 2006, donde se evaluó como variable de adaptación el rendimiento de grano. El diseño experimental utilizado fue de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Para la evaluación de adaptabilidad y estabilidad, se utilizaron los mátodos propuestos por Eberhart y Russell, y Annicchiarico. El análisis de varianza reveló la existencia de interacción genotipo-ambiente. Ambas metodologías revelaron resultados semejantes. El genotipo 400094 se consideró adaptable y estable de acuerdo a los mátodos empleados, y debe ser recomendado para las dos condiciones de cultivo evaluadas.The objective of this research was to evaluate the adaptability and phenotypic

Isotope separation of 22Na and 24Na with using light induced drift effect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hradecny, C.; Tethal, T.; Ermolaev, I.M.; Zemlyanoj, S.G.; Zuzaan, P.

1993-01-01

The LIDIS (Light Drift Isotope Separation) separator without a gas flow is discussed. It is shown, that atomization degree of the separated isotopes limited real separation coefficient. The better buffer gas purification allowed to increase the experimental separation factor of 22 Na and 24 Na isotopes up to 25. The new experimental set up allow to increase the separation efficiency up to 50%. 12 refs.; 5 figs

MOBILNO POSLOVANJE NA PRIMERU UPORABE MICROSOFT DYNAMICS CRM

OpenAIRE

Duh, Tamara

2016-01-01

Hitro razvijajoči se svet nas spodbuja k hitremu reagiranju na novosti, ki se pojavljajo na trgu. Prav zaradi tega je danes zelo pomembno upravljati z mobilnimi napravami, da se lahko hitro in brez težav soočimo z morebitnimi težavami oz. zagatami. Prav iz tega razloga je mobilno poslovanje ena izmed inovativnih rešitev, ki ljudem omogoča seznanjenost z informacijami na vsakem koraku in omogoča hiter odziv na spremembe. Prav ta rešitev omogoča podjetjem, da so konkurenčna in hkrati lahko hitr...

Usando a antimatéria na medicina moderna

OpenAIRE

Machado,A.C.B.; Pleitez,V.; Tijero,M.C.

2006-01-01

Neste artigo, fazemos uma breve exposição de como um dos conceitos fundamentais da física moderna, a existência de antimatéria, tem aplicação na medicina, na chamada tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET na sigla em inglês). Ela consiste na produção de imagens tomográficas digitais do organismo que são obtidas pela detecção da radiação produzida na aniquilação do pósitron com o elétron.

43. Calmodulin regulating calcium sensitivity of Na channels

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R. Vegiraju

2016-07-01

Full Text Available By extrapolating information from existing research and observing previous assumptions regarding the structure of the Na Channel, this experiment was conducted under the hypothesis that the Na Channel is in part regulated by the calmodulin protein, as a result proving calcium sensitivity of the Na Channel. Furthermore, we assume that there is a one to one stoichiometry between the Na Channel and the Calmodulin. There has been extensive research into the functionality and structure of sodium ion channels (Na channels, as several diseases are associated with the lack of regulation of sodium ions, that is caused by the disfunction of these Na channels. However, one highly controversial matter in the field is the importance of the protein calmodulin (CaM and calcium in Na channel function. Calmodulin is a protein that is well known for its role as a calcium binding messenger protein, and that association is believed to play an indirect role in regulating the Na channel through the Na channel’s supposed calcium sensitivity. While there are proponents for both sides, there has been relatively little research that provides strong evidence for either case. In this experiment, the effect of calmodulin on NaV 1.5 is tested by preparing a set of cardiac cells (of the human specie with the NaV 1.5 C-Termini and CaM protein, which were then to be placed in solutions with varying concentrations of calcium. We took special care to test multiple concentrations of calcium, as previous studies have tested very low concentrations, with Manu Ben-Johny’s team from the John Hopkins laboratory in particular testing up to a meager 50 micromolar, despite producing a well-respected paper (By comparison, the average Na channel can naturally sustain a concentration of almost 1-2 millimolar and on some occasions, reaching even higher concentrations. After using light scattering and observing the signals given off by the calcium interacting with these Nav1.5/Ca

In vivo PTH provokes apical NHE3 and NaPi2 redistribution and Na-K-ATPase inhibition

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zhang, Y; Norian, J M; Magyar, C E

1999-01-01

and to determine whether the same cellular signals drive the changes in apical and basolateral transporters. PTH-(1-34) (20 U), which couples to adenylate cyclase (AC), phospholipase C (PLC), and phospholipase A2 (PLA2), or [Nle8,18,Tyr34]PTH-(3-34) (10 U), which couples to PLC and PLA2 but not AC, were given....../diuresis and NHE3 and NaPi2 internalization, and that Na-K-ATPase inhibition is not secondary to depressed apical Na+ transport....

Effects of water extraction in a vulnerable phreatic aquifer: Consequences for groundwater contamination by pesticides, Sint-Jansteen area, The Netherlands

Science.gov (United States)

Gaus, Irina

pesticides, ce qui rend l'eau impropre à la consommation. La contamination plus importante de l'eau pompée est provoquée par la modification des directions d'écoulement souterrain naturel au voisinage des puits de pompage. Dans cette région, l'usage des pesticides ne peut pas être évité facilement; c'est pourquoi une approche est développée pour différencier les usages de pesticides dans ce secteur en fonction des temps de parcours prévus en direction des puits et des caractéristiques chimiques des pesticides. Un modèle d'écoulement des eaux souterraines pour cette région a été développé et les effets des pompages sur les directions d'écoulement naturel ont étéévalués. Les zones de temps de parcours ont été déterminées au moyen de la méthode du suivi de particules (particle tracking). La combinaison de ces résultats avec le comportement de certains pesticides au cours de leur dégradation conduit à un schéma optimisé conciliant les activités agricoles et les prélèvements d'eaux souterraines dans cette région. Cette question est abordée pour cinq types de pesticides (atrazine, simazine, bentazone, MCPA et mecoprop). Resumen Los pesticidas son una amenaza para la calidad de las aguas subterráneas cuando el área de suministro se encuentra en una zona agrícola. Un ejemplo tiene lugar en la zona de Sint-Jansteen, Holanda, donde mientras que las muestras de agua subterránea tomadas directamente del acuífero tienen un bajo nivel de contaminación por pesticidas, las muestras tomadas del agua extraída exceden con regularidad los límites de la UE (0.1μg/l), lo que hace que el agua sea no potable. Esta diferencia está causada por las variaciones respecto al régimen de flujo natural a consecuencia de las propias extracciones. En esta zona el uso de pesticidas es difícilmente evitable, por lo que se está desarrollando un método para diferenciar la posibilidad de uso de pesticidas en función de las características químicas de los

Eficiência e efeito residual de biofertilizantes de rochas com PK e enxofre com Acidithiobacillus em alface Efficiency and residual effect of PK rock biofertilizers with sulfur and Acidithiobacillus on lettuce

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rita de Cássia Matias de Lima

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Entre agosto e novembro de 2005 foi realizado um experimento em campo, com dois plantios consecutivos de alface (cv. Grand Rapids, em solo do Cariri cearense, visando avaliar a eficiência da fertilização com biofertilizantes de rocha fosfatada (BP e potássica (BK, em comparação com os fertilizantes minerais superfosfato simples(SFS e cloreto de potássio (KCl. Os fertilizantes minerais foram aplicados nos níveis recomendados com base na análise de solo para alface (SFS e KCl, e os biofertilizantes em três níveis (BP1 e BK1 metade da recomendação; BP2 e BK2 nível recomendado e BP3 e BK3 uma vez e meia o recomendado para SFS e KCl, e o tratamento controle (P0K0 sem aplicação de P e K. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5², com quatro repetições. Os resultados demonstraram que o desempenho dos biofertilizantes com P e K foi equivalente ao dos fertilizantes minerais, especialmente com aplicação no nível BP2BK3. No segundo cultivo ficou evidenciado o efeito residual para produtividade da alface (biomassa fresca da parte aérea, altura, número de folhas, avaliação comercial e acumulação de P e K na parte aérea. Os resultados sugerem que os biofertilizantes de rochas com P e K podem ser usados como alternativa a fertilizantes minerais.Production of rock biofertilizers is a practical process with reduction of energy consumption and increasing nutrients availability in soils. To evaluate the agronomic efficiency and the residual effect of P rock biofertilizer (PB and potash rock (KB, compared to simple superphosphate (SSP and potassium chloride (KCl, a field experiment with two consecutive lettuce crops (cv. Grand Rapids was carried out in a soil at Cariri (Ceará, Brazil, from August to September 2005. The mineral fertilizers were applied in the levels recommended for lettuce (SSP and KCl, and the biofertilizers in three levels (PB1 and KB1 half of recommended levels; recommended levels

Aspectos valorizados por porfissionais de enfermagem na higiene pessoal e na higiene corporal do paciente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elóide André Oliveira

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Survey descritivo, com o qual se objetivou identificar que aspectos da higiene corporal são valorizados pelos componentes da equipe de enfermagem, na higiene corporal pessoal e na higiene corporal do paciente. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em oito instituições públicas de saúde e a amostra foi composta por 126 profissionais de enfermagem, correspondendo a 12,8% do total de 986 componentes das equipes de enfermagem destas instituições. Na higiene corporal pessoal, chamou a atenção o fato de que os cuidados com as unhas e com os cabelos tenham suplantado, no número de citações dos profissionais de enfermagem, aspectos básicos como o cuidado com as mãos. Na higiene corporal do paciente, o banho foi o aspecto considerado mais importante pelas três categorias profissionais; a higiene oral, pelas(os enfermeiras(os e auxiliares de enfermagem; e as unhas, pelas(os enfermeiras(os e técnicas(os de enfermagem.

Modulation of contraction by intracellular Na+ via Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange in single shark (Squalus acanthias) ventricular myocytes.

Science.gov (United States)

Näbauer, M; Morad, M

1992-01-01

1. The effect of direct alteration of intracellular Na+ concentration on contractile properties of whole-cell clamped shark ventricular myocytes was studied using an array of 256 photodiodes to monitor the length of the isolated myocytes. 2. In myocytes dialysed with Na(+)-free solution, the voltage dependence of Ca2+ current (ICa) and contraction were similar and bell shaped. Contractions activated at all voltages were completely suppressed by nifedipine (5 microM), and failed to show significant tonic components, suggesting dependence of the contraction on Ca2+ influx through the L-type Ca2+ channel. 3. In myocytes dialysed with 60 mM Na+, a ICa-dependent and a ICa-independent component of contraction could be identified. The Ca2+ current-dependent component was prominent in voltages between -30 to +10 mV. The ICa-independent contractions were maintained for the duration of depolarization, increased with increasing depolarization between +10 to +100 mV, and were insensitive to nifedipine. 4. In such myocytes, repolarization produced slowly decaying inward tail currents closely related to the time course of relaxation and the degree of shortening prior to repolarization. 5. With 60 mM Na+ in the pipette solution, positive clamp potentials activated decaying outward currents which correlated to the size of contraction. These outward currents appeared to be generated by the Na(+)-Ca(2+)-exchanger since they depended on the presence of intracellular Na+, and were neither suppressed by nifedipine nor by K+ channel blockers. 6. The results suggest that in shark (Squalus acanthias) ventricular myocytes, which lack functionally relevant Ca2+ release pools, both Ca2+ channel and the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger deliver sufficient Ca2+ to activate contraction, though the effectiveness of the latter mechanism was highly dependent on the [Na+]i. PMID:1338467

KANDUNGAN NATRIUM (Na DAN GARAM (NaCl DALAM IKAN ASIN KERING MENTAH DAN GORENG DI PASAR ANYAR BOGOR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Heru Yuniati

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kandungan natrium (Na dan garam (NaCl dalam 10 jenis ikan asin kering yang beredar di Pasar Anyar Bogor. Analisis natrium dilakukan terhadap ikan asin mentah, setelah dicuci, dan setelah digoreng dengan menggunakan flamefometer. Analisis garam dilakukan dengan titrasi argentometri terhadap ikan asin mentah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, kandungan Na dan garam dalam ikan asin sangat beragam besarnya berturut-turut berkisar antara 0,3-8,1% dan 5,7-21,2%. Ikan asin yang mempunyai kadar Na dan garam tinggi adalah ikan sepat, peda putih dan gabus. Jumlah air dalam ikan asin juga bervariasi, berkisar antara 10,3-46,8%. pencucian dan penggorengan dapat menurunkan kadar garam ataupun natrium sebesar 37,4%.

Aprendizagem como/na prática

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Jean Lave

2015-12-01

Full Text Available ResumoEste artigo considera como o estudo da cultura e da aprendizagem pode ser de particular relevância para o campo da antropologia sociocultural em geral. O termo mais importante na expressão “cultura & aprendizagem” talvez seja o logograma “&” – ou seja, coloca-se a questão sobre o que conecta cultura e aprendizagem, perguntando-se como esses termos estão relacionados. Como devemos compreender cultura e aprendizagem como instâncias produtoras delas próprias, e uma da outra, na prática? Recalibrando em termos relacionais, podemos dizer que não é possível abordar a “aprendizagem” ou “cultura e aprendizagem” sem o seu emaranhamento na vida político-econômica, nas lutas e disputas históricas, em suas coerências e incoerências, e na produção relacional e histórica da vida cotidiana. Através das lentes da teoria da prática social, os estudos etnográficos sobre aprendizagem na prática oferecem diferentes entendimentos sobre como certa vida e certas disputas e incoerências são produzidas.

Metodologija analize stroškov in koristi za investicije v prometno infrastrukturo na osnovi Poročila vplivov na okolje

OpenAIRE

Podvornik, Nina

2016-01-01

Povečane potrebe po prometnem omrežju vodijo k dodatnim prometnim investicijam, ki so ne glede na njihov obseg, postavitev v prostor ter učinkovitost pomemben dejavnik gospodarskega razvoja. Investicije v prometno infrastrukturo lahko na sam razvoj vplivajo pozitivno (dvig gospodarske rasti, kakovost življenja, dostopnost idr.) in tudi negativno (različni vplivi na okolje). Ker so prometne investicije zelo obsežne, je vsestranska ocena le-teh ključnega pomena pri samem prometnem načrtovanju v...

Agmag Igbo dka Ngwar n'kwalite Ezi Nchekwa na Nkwsiike haobodo

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ka Najira nwerechara onwe ya n'af 1960, olileanya tt mamala ya b na ihe ga-adz mma. Mana ka oge na-aga, a chptara na ihe na-akawanye nj. Usoro chch d iche iche daptara. Nd am na nd nkt achala mana nd gara n'ihu na-akawanye nj. O bu ihe doro anya na chch ha b nke nchgbu na fnfju akpa. N'agbanyegh na ...

Regulation of Epithelial Sodium Transport via Epithelial Na+ Channel

Science.gov (United States)

Marunaka, Yoshinori; Niisato, Naomi; Taruno, Akiyuki; Ohta, Mariko; Miyazaki, Hiroaki; Hosogi, Shigekuni; Nakajima, Ken-ichi; Kusuzaki, Katsuyuki; Ashihara, Eishi; Nishio, Kyosuke; Iwasaki, Yoshinobu; Nakahari, Takashi; Kubota, Takahiro

2011-01-01

Renal epithelial Na+ transport plays an important role in homeostasis of our body fluid content and blood pressure. Further, the Na+ transport in alveolar epithelial cells essentially controls the amount of alveolar fluid that should be kept at an appropriate level for normal gas exchange. The epithelial Na+ transport is generally mediated through two steps: (1) the entry step of Na+ via epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) at the apical membrane and (2) the extrusion step of Na+ via the Na+, K+-ATPase at the basolateral membrane. In general, the Na+ entry via ENaC is the rate-limiting step. Therefore, the regulation of ENaC plays an essential role in control of blood pressure and normal gas exchange. In this paper, we discuss two major factors in ENaC regulation: (1) activity of individual ENaC and (2) number of ENaC located at the apical membrane. PMID:22028593

Na+,K+ pumpen vedbliver at overraske

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vilsen, Bente

2008-01-01

This article provides an overview of news about the Na+,K+ pump, an indispensable enzyme whose protein structure has been described in a recent article in Nature, 50 years after its discovery. In combination with mutational analysis, the structure reveals the binding pocket for the K+ ions...... and the regulation of Na+ transport by a strategically located C-terminus of the protein. Focus is also on the pathophysiology of two neurological disorders, familial hemiplegic migraine and rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism, recently shown to be caused by mutations in the Na+,K+-ATPase. Udgivelsesdato: may 19...

Risbjerg: Historisk stemmeskred med NA

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thomsen, Søren Risbjerg

2007-01-01

ANALYSE: NA flytter 12,3 pct. af stemmerne i majs meningsmålinger - historisk mange vælgere på en måned, skriver professor Risbjerg. Udgivelsesdato: 3. juni 2007......ANALYSE: NA flytter 12,3 pct. af stemmerne i majs meningsmålinger - historisk mange vælgere på en måned, skriver professor Risbjerg. Udgivelsesdato: 3. juni 2007...

Dissolution of targets for the production of Mo-99: Part 1. Influence of NaOH concentration and the addition of NaNO{sub 3} and NaNO{sub 2} on the dissolution time

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Camilo, Ruth L.; Araujo, Izilda da C.; Mindrisz, Ana C.; Forbicini, Christina A.L.G. de O., E-mail: rcamilo@ipen.br, E-mail: icaraujo@ipen.br, E-mail: acmindri@ipen.br, E-mail: cforbici@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN/SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2011-07-01

Faced with global crisis in the production of radioisotope {sup 99}Mo, which product of decay, {sup 99}mTc, is the tracer element most often used in nuclear medicine and accounts for about 80% of all diagnostic procedures in vivo, since September 2008 Brazil is developing the project called Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor (RMB). Within the Brazilian Nuclear Program (PNB) the construction of the RMB, is seen as a long term solution to meet all domestic demand relative to the supply of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals. In the process to be studied to obtain {sup 99}Mo from irradiated UA1{sub x}-A1 LEU targets employing alkaline dissolution, processing time should be minimized, considering the short half life of {sup 99}Mo and {sup 99}mTc, about 66 h and 6 h, respectively. That makes dissolution time a significant factor in the development of the process. This paper presents the results of alkaline dissolution of scraps of Al, used to simulate the dissolution process of UA1{sub x}-A1 targets. Al corresponds to about 79% of the total weight of the UA1{sub x}-A1 target. The effect of NaOH concentration on dissolution time for the interval of 1 to 3.5 mol.L-1 was studied, keeping the molar ratio in 1Al:2.16NaOH and the initial temperature of 88 degree C. The influence of reagent composition over dissolution time was studied using three different solutions: a) 3 mol.L{sup -1} NaOH, b) 3 mol.L{sup -1} NaOH/NaNO{sub 3} and c) 3 mol.L{sup -1} NaOH/NaNO{sub 2}, keeping the same molar ratio and temperature. The results showed that the dissolution time decreases with increasing NaOH concentration and the addition of NaNO{sub 3} or NaNO{sub 2} in the NaOH solution reduces both dissolution time and volume of gases released. (author)

Crystal Structure of Na3MoCl6

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martin Beran

2011-07-01

Full Text Available The ternary chloride Na3MoCl6 is obtained as red crystals from a disproportionation reaction of molybdenum dichloride, {Mo6}Cl12, in an acidic NaCl/AlCl3 melt at 350 °C. The crystal structure (trigonal, P-31c, a = 687.1(1, c = 1225.3(2 pm, Z = 2, V = 501,0(1 106 pm3 is that of Na3CrCl6: within a hexagonal closest-packing of chloride ions two thirds of the octahedral voids are filled between the AB double layers with Na+/Mo3+, and between the BA layers with Na+.

Diffusion of calcium in pure and doped NaCl; Diffusion du calcium dans NaCl pur et dope

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Slifkin, L; Brebec, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-07-01

We have determined, by diffusion experiments of Ca in pure and doped NaCl, the activation energy for the calcium jumps and the binding energy between calcium ion and vacancy. (authors) [French] Nous avons determine, par des mesures de diffusion du Ca dans NaCl pur et NaCl dope avec CaCl{sub 2}, l'energie d'activation relative aux sauts du calcium et l'energie de liaison lacune-calcium. (auteurs)

TIEMPO RECOMENDADO PARA UNA NUEVA CONCEPCIÓN POST ABORTO ESPONTÁNEO

OpenAIRE

Baltra E,Estebeni; de Mayo G,Tomás; Rojas G,María de los Ángeles; Arraztoa V,José Antonio

2008-01-01

Antecedentes: La recomendación del clínico acerca del tiempo a esperar para una nueva concepción post aborto espontáneo correspondería a una práctica basada en la experiencia y no en la evidencia. Objetivo: Análisis crítico de la literatura científica, en relación al tiempo de espera para intentar un nuevo embarazo en pacientes con aborto espontáneo, y los resultados materno-perinatales asociados a las diferentes conductas. Búsqueda sistemática en múltiples bases de datos. Resultados: Se enco...

Wizerunek ateisty i jego miejsce na konfesyjnej mapie świata na Śląsku Cieszyńskim

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zbigniew Greń

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The image of the atheist and his place on the confessional map of the world in Cieszyn Silesia The aim of this article is to create an image of the atheist based on historical and contemporary sources. The history of the concept of the atheist is described on the basis of the regional press, the contemporary picture of the concept – on the basis of the results of a questionnaire and discussions on religious topics on regional websites. The analysis showed that the concept of the atheist is treated as a term equivalent to the terms of members of different churches. The research shows not only the image of the atheist, but also its place in the system of perception of religious differences.   Wizerunek ateisty i jego miejsce na konfesyjnej mapie świata na Śląsku Cieszyńskim Celem niniejszego artykułu jest stworzenie obrazu ateisty na podstawie źródeł historycznych i współczesnych. Historia pojęcia ateisty została opisana na podstawie prasy regionalnej, współczesny obraz – na podstawie wyników ankiet i dyskusji na tematy religijne na regionalnych stronach internetowych. Analiza wykazała, że pojęcie ateisty jest traktowane jako pojęcie równorzędne z określeniami członków różnych Kościołów. W wyniku badań przedstawiono nie tylko wizerunek ateisty, lecz także jego miejsce w systemie postrzegania różnic wyznaniowych.

Mabadiliko Ya Kifonolojia Na Kimofolojia Wakati Wa Utohozi Wa ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mwingiliano wa lugha ya Kiswahili na Kiarabu una historia ndefu kidogo. Inasemekana Waarabu walianza muwasala na 'Waswahili' tangu karne ya kwanza (BK) (Polome 1967:9). Kutokana na muwasala huo wa muda mrefu, lugha hizi mbili (Kiarabu na Kiswahili) zimeathiriana sana. Lakini kuna maoni kwamba Kiarabu ...

Aqueous partial molar heat capacities and volumes for NaReO4 and NaTcO4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lemire, R.J.; Saluja, P.P.S.; Campbell, A.B.

1989-01-01

As part of the Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program, data are required to model the equilibrium thermodynamic behavior of key radionuclides at temperatures above 25 degree C. A flow microcalorimeter/densimeter system has been commissioned to measure heat capacities and densities of solutions containing radioactive species. Measurements for solutions of aqueous NaReO 4 (a common analogue for NaTcO 4 ) were made at seven temperatures (15 to 100 degree C) over the concentration range 0.05 to 0.2 mol·kg -1 . Subsequently, measurements were made for NaTcO 4 solutions under similar conditions. The heat capacity and density data are analyzed using Pitzer's ion-interaction model, and values of the NaReO 4 partial molar heat capacities are compared to literature values based on integral heats of solution. The agreement between the two sets of NaReO 4 data is good below 75 degree C, but only fair at the higher temperatures. Values of the partial molar volumes have also been derived. The uncertainties introduced by using thermodynamic data for ReO 4 - , in the absence of data for TcO 4 - , are discussed

Effects of dietary Na+ deprivation on epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC, BDNF, and TrkB mRNA expression in the rat tongue

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stähler Frauke

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background In rodents, dietary Na+ deprivation reduces gustatory responses of primary taste fibers and central taste neurons to lingual Na+ stimulation. However, in the rat taste bud cells Na+ deprivation increases the number of amiloride sensitive epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC, which are considered as the "receptor" of the Na+ component of salt taste. To explore the mechanisms, the expression of the three ENaC subunits (α, β and γ in taste buds were observed from rats fed with diets containing either 0.03% (Na+ deprivation or 1% (control NaCl for 15 days, by using in situ hybridization and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR. Since BDNF/TrkB signaling is involved in the neural innervation of taste buds, the effects of Na+ deprivation on BDNF and its receptor TrkB expression in the rat taste buds were also examined. Results In situ hybridization analysis showed that all three ENaC subunit mRNAs were found in the rat fungiform taste buds and lingual epithelia, but in the vallate and foliate taste buds, only α ENaC mRNA was easily detected, while β and γ ENaC mRNAs were much less than those in the fungiform taste buds. Between control and low Na+ fed animals, the numbers of taste bud cells expressing α, β and γ ENaC subunits were not significantly different in the fungiform, vallate and foliate taste buds, respectively. Similarly, qRT-PCR also indicated that Na+ deprivation had no effect on any ENaC subunit expression in the three types of taste buds. However, Na+ deprivation reduced BDNF mRNA expression by 50% in the fungiform taste buds, but not in the vallate and foliate taste buds. The expression of TrkB was not different between control and Na+ deprived rats, irrespective of the taste papillae type. Conclusion The findings demonstrate that dietary Na+ deprivation does not change ENaC mRNA expression in rat taste buds, but reduces BDNF mRNA expression in the fungiform taste buds. Given the roles of BDNF in survival of

Hydrogen production by sodium borohydride in NaOH aqueous solution

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Q.; Zhang, L. F.; Zhao, Z. G.

2018-01-01

The kinetics of hydrolysis reaction of NaBH4 in NaOH aqueous solution is studied. The influence of pH of the NaOH aqueous solution on the rate of hydrogen production and the hydrogen production efficiency are studied for the hydrolysis reaction of NaBH4. The results show that the activation energy of hydrolysis reaction of NaBH4 increased with the increase of the initial pH of NaOH aqueous solution.With the increasing of the initial pH of NaOH aqueous solution, the rate of hydrogen production and hydrogen production efficiency of NaBH4 hydrolysis decrease.

Altered Regulation of type 3 Na+/H+ exchanger, type 1 Na+/HCO3- cotransporter, and Na+,K+-ATPase in the Kidney of Rats with Experimental Rhabdomyolysis

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Seong Kwon; Bae, Eun Hui; Lee, JongUn; Kim, Sun Young; Kim, Sung Zoo; Choi, Ki Chul

2007-01-01

Metabolic acidosis was shown to correlate with deterioration of renal function in patients with rhabdomyolysis. The present study was aimed to investigate whether the changes of type 3 Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE3), type 1 Na+/HCO3- cotransporter (NBC1), and Na+,K+-ATPase α1 subunit may play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic acidosis in glycerol-induced experimental rhabdomyolysis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were deprived of fluid intake for 24 hours, and then were injected with 50% glycerol in normal saline (10 mL/kg, intramuscularly). At 24 hours after the glycerol injection, rats were sacrificed by decapitation. Control rats were injected with normal saline. The protein expression of NHE3, NBC1 and Na+,K+-ATPase α1 subunit was determined in the cortex of the kidney by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Following the treatment of glycerol, creatinine clearance was significantly decreased, and high anion gap metabolic acidosis developed. In the experimental group, the expression of Na+,K+-ATPase α1 subunit was significantly decreased in the cortex of the kidney. On the contrary, the expression of NHE3 and NBC1 was significantly increased. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the immunoblotting data. In conclusion, the coordinate up-regulation of NHE3 and NBC1 may play an adaptive role against the metabolic acidosis in glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis. PMID:24459502

K⁺ congeners that do not compromise Na⁺ activation of the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mahmmoud, Yasser A; Kopec, Wojciech; Khandelia, Himanshu

2015-01-01

The Na(+),K(+)-ATPase is essential for ionic homeostasis in animal cells. The dephosphoenzyme contains Na(+) selective inward facing sites, whereas the phosphoenzyme contains K(+) selective outward facing sites. Under normal physiological conditions, K(+) inhibits cytoplasmic Na(+) activation...

Kupokelewa Zaidi Kwa Simu Ya Mkononi Kuliko Kompyuta Na ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mtandao wa tovuti ni nyenzo ya msingi katika maendeleo ya uwanja wa mawasiliano unaounganisha watu na jamii mbalimbali katika ulimwengu wa leo unaotandawaa. Katika “ulimwengu wa kwanza na wa pili”, yaani mabara ya Amerika, Uropa na Asia, maendeleo na mapinduzi makubwa katika uwanja wa teknolojia ya ...

Silicene for Na-ion battery applications

KAUST Repository

Zhu, Jiajie; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo

2016-01-01

Na-ion batteries are promising candidates to replace Li-ion batteries in large scale applications because of the advantages in natural abundance and cost of Na. Silicene has potential as the anode in Li-ion batteries but so far has not received

Coulomb excitation of radioactive 20, 21Na

Science.gov (United States)

Schumaker, M. A.; Cline, D.; Hackman, G.; Pearson, C.; Svensson, C. E.; Wu, C. Y.; Andreyev, A.; Austin, R. A. E.; Ball, G. C.; Bandyopadhyay, D.; Becker, J. A.; Boston, A. J.; Boston, H. C.; Buchmann, L.; Churchman, R.; Cifarelli, F.; Cooper, R. J.; Cross, D. S.; Dashdorj, D.; Demand, G. A.; Dimmock, M. R.; Drake, T. E.; Finlay, P.; Gallant, A. T.; Garrett, P. E.; Green, K. L.; Grint, A. N.; Grinyer, G. F.; Harkness, L. J.; Hayes, A. B.; Kanungo, R.; Lisetskiy, A. F.; Leach, K. G.; Lee, G.; Maharaj, R.; Martin, J.-P.; Moisan, F.; Morton, A. C.; Mythili, S.; Nelson, L.; Newman, O.; Nolan, P. J.; Orce, J. N.; Padilla-Rodal, E.; Phillips, A. A.; Porter-Peden, M.; Ressler, J. J.; Roy, R.; Ruiz, C.; Sarazin, F.; Scraggs, D. P.; Waddington, J. C.; Wan, J. M.; Whitbeck, A.; Williams, S. J.; Wong, J.

2009-12-01

The low-energy structures of the radioactive nuclei 20, 21Na have been examined using Coulomb excitation at the TRIUMF-ISAC radioactive ion beam facility. Beams of ˜ 5×106 ions/s were accelerated to 1.7MeV/A and Coulomb excited in a 0.5mg/cm^2 natTi target. Two TIGRESS HPGe clover detectors perpendicular to the beam axis were used for γ -ray detection, while scattered nuclei were observed by the Si detector BAMBINO. For 21Na , Coulomb excitation from the 3/2+ ground state to the first excited 5/2+ state was observed, while for 20Na , Coulomb excitation was observed from the 2+ ground state to the first excited 3+ and 4+ states. For both beams, B ( λ L) values were determined using the 2+ rightarrow 0+ de-excitation in 48Ti as a reference. The resulting B( E2) ↓ value for 21Na is 137±9 e^2fm^4, while the resulting B( λ L) ↓ values for 20Na are 55±6 e^2fm^4 for the 3+ rightarrow 2+ , 35.7±5.7 e^2 fm^4 for the 4+ rightarrow 2+ , and 0.154±0.030 μ_ N^2 for the 4+ rightarrow 3+ transitions. This analysis significantly improves the measurement of the 21Na B( E2) value, and provides the first experimental determination of B( λ L) values for the proton dripline nucleus 20Na .-1

Detailed investigation of Na2.24FePO4CO3 as a cathode material for Na-ion batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Weifeng; Zhou, Jing; Li, Biao; Ma, Jin; Tao, Shi; Xia, Dingguo; Chu, Wangsheng; Wu, Ziyu

2014-01-01

Na-ion batteries are gaining an increased recognition as the next generation low cost energy storage devices. Here, we present a characterization of Na3FePO4CO3 nanoplates as a novel cathode material for sodium ion batteries. First-principles calculations reveal that there are two paths for Na ion migration along b and c axis. In-situ and ex-situ Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) point out that in Na3FePO4CO3 both Fe2+/Fe3+ and Fe3+/Fe4+ redox couples are electrochemically active, suggesting also the existence of a two-electron intercalation reaction. Ex-situ X-ray powder diffraction data demonstrates that the crystalline structure of Na3FePO4CO3 remains stable during the charging/discharging process within the range 2.0–4.55 V. PMID:24595232

Artesanato na terceira idade: um estudo na cidade de Sinop no ano de 2011

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosane Marlene Weber

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo mostrar a importância do artesanato na Terceira Idade como atividade educacional e de autonomia para os idosos. Por existir uma preocupação com a qualidade de vida da Terceira Idade e sua autonomia, nesta fase que muitos acabam ficando dependentes dos membros da família, espera-se encontrar através da arte uma motivação e uma forma de demonstrar a autoria por meio do fazer, criar e recriar com o artesanato. Aprender e ensinar são um processo contínuo na vida do ser humano, independente da idade, para Paulo Freire precisamos ter consciência de que somos inacabados, e sendo conscientes de nossa inconclusão, devemos viver num permanente movimento de busca. Essa é uma das causas pelas quais será pesquisada a prática formativa/educacional por meio do artesanato na Terceira Idade. Os motivos que levaram a escolha desta pesquisa com o artesanato na Terceira Idade é o fato de ter vivido uma experiência de trabalho na ala geriátrica de um hospital. Já o artesanato é a arte que fascina, e acreditamos que sempre há tempo para recomeçar, para descobrir algo que possa trazer qualidade para nossa vida. Devido ao crescimento cada vez maior da expectativa de vida em nosso país, cria-se uma preocupação com a qualidade de vida das pessoas da Terceira Idade. Em relação aos aspectos educacionais e culturais, esta pesquisa deseja compreender como o artesanato pode trazer motivação para as pessoas da Terceira Idade como forma de autoria e autonomia, nesta fase da vida, na cidade de Sinop, e quais os motivos que os levam a realizar esse tipo de atividade. Para investigação teórica desta pesquisa do Artesanato na Terceira Idade: um estudo na cidade de Sinop em 2011 usaremos bibliografia de vários autores, mas em especial os que dedicam seus estudos a esta faixa etária, como a coleção de Vivaidade, que tem como organizadora principal Anita Liberalesso Neri. Os autores desta coleção nos trazem a reflex

Compuestos organoclorados residuales en dos especies ícticas de la Ciénaga Grande del Bajo Sinú, Córdoba, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edineldo Lans C

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinación de niveles de pesticidas organoclorados (POCs en especies ícticas, procedentes de la Ciénaga Grande del Bajo Sinú, Materiales y métodos. Se usó un cromatógrafo de gases (Perkin Elmer Autosystem XL con detector captura de electrones y columna capilar 5% de difenil y 95% de dimetilpolisiloxano, de 30 m, 0.25 mm de diámetro interno y 0.25 μm de espesor de película. Las especies estudiadas fueron: bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae y moncholo (Hoplias malabaricus, durante las estaciones seca y húmeda. Resultados. El porcentaje de recuperación de los pesticidas determinados se registró entre 80 y 84%, mientras que los límites de detección y cuanficación fueron 0.02 a 0.18 ng/g y 0.2 a 1.8 ng/g respectivamente. La desviación estándar relativa permaneció por debajo del 7% en todos los casos. De los pesticidas organoclorados investigados, en las dos especies se detectaron el a-clordano, endrín y aldrín. Se observó que a medida que aumenta el peso y el tamaño del pez, aumenta la concentración de los plaguicidas en una de las especies. Los niveles de concentración de los POCs estuvieron en el intervalo de 0.35-3.75 y 0.48-5.49 ng/g para el moncholo (Hoplias malabaricus and bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae respectivamente. Conclusiones. La frecuencia de aparición de POCs y los niveles detectados en las especies podrían ser consecuencia de actividades antropogénicas realizadas en los alrededores de la ciénaga. La correlación entre las medidas biométricas y la concentración depende de la especie íctica. Las concentraciones encontradas en las especies estudiadas, Hoplias malabaricus y Prochilodus magdalenae no representan toxicidad letal inmediata.

Antioxidant supplementation to the exercising horse Suplementação de antioxidantes para cavalos atletas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carey A. Williams

2010-07-01

, proteínas e lipídios, e contribui para mudanças degenerativas. A vitamina E é o antioxidante mais comumente suplementado em cavalos e tem sido demonstrado que cavalos em exercício condicionado podem exigir maior consumo dessa vitamina que o recomendado. A vitamina C também potencializa o efeito da vitamina E em várias espécies. No entanto, sob condições de mantença, os cavalos têm capacidade de sintetizar ácido ascórbico suficiente, a demanda aumenta enquanto o estresse sobre o corpo aumenta. Foi estimado para cavalos de competição (corrida um consumo de 1,2 até 5 vezes os níveis de vitamina E recomendados para ingestão. Há correlação negativa entre a ingestão de vitamina E, creatinina quinase e aspartato aminotransferase nesses cavalos. Do mesmo modo, cavalos participantes de competições de três dias ingerem em média 50% a mais dos níveis recomendados de vitamina E. Apurou-se, também, que a ingestão de vitamina E é negativamente correlacionada com marcadores inflamatórios. No entanto, grandes doses de vitamina E, cerca de 10 vezes o recomendado, poderiam interferir na absorção de beta-caroteno. Embora alguns estudos têm mostrado que os benefícios da suplementação de ácido lipóico na resistência de cavalos treinados são semelhantes aos da vitamina E, outros estudos não mostraram nenhum benefício da suplementação com superóxido desmutase, em exercícios intensos de cavalos. As implicações deste vasto campo de trabalho mostram os benéficos potenciais para suplementação de vários antioxidantes, no entanto, antes de se comprovar a eficácia, devem ser realizados estudos específicos em outras espécies de cavalos.

Biphasic voltage-dependent inactivation of human NaV 1.3, 1.6 and 1.7 Na+ channels expressed in rodent insulin-secreting cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Godazgar, Mahdieh; Zhang, Quan; Chibalina, Margarita V; Rorsman, Patrik

2018-05-01

Na + current inactivation is biphasic in insulin-secreting cells, proceeding with two voltage dependences that are half-maximal at ∼-100 mV and -60 mV. Inactivation of voltage-gated Na + (Na V ) channels occurs at ∼30 mV more negative voltages in insulin-secreting Ins1 and primary β-cells than in HEK, CHO or glucagon-secreting αTC1-6 cells. The difference in inactivation between Ins1 and non-β-cells persists in the inside-out patch configuration, discounting an involvement of a diffusible factor. In Ins1 cells and primary β-cells, but not in HEK cells, inactivation of a single Na V subtype is biphasic and follows two voltage dependences separated by 30-40 mV. We propose that Na V channels adopt different inactivation behaviours depending on the local membrane environment. Pancreatic β-cells are equipped with voltage-gated Na + channels that undergo biphasic voltage-dependent steady-state inactivation. A small Na + current component (10-15%) inactivates over physiological membrane potentials and contributes to action potential firing. However, the major Na + channel component is completely inactivated at -90 to -80 mV and is therefore inactive in the β-cell. It has been proposed that the biphasic inactivation reflects the contribution of different Na V α-subunits. We tested this possibility by expression of TTX-resistant variants of the Na V subunits found in β-cells (Na V 1.3, Na V 1.6 and Na V 1.7) in insulin-secreting Ins1 cells and in non-β-cells (including HEK and CHO cells). We found that all Na V subunits inactivated at 20-30 mV more negative membrane potentials in Ins1 cells than in HEK or CHO cells. The more negative inactivation in Ins1 cells does not involve a diffusible intracellular factor because the difference between Ins1 and CHO persisted after excision of the membrane. Na V 1.7 inactivated at 15--20 mV more negative membrane potentials than Na V 1.3 and Na V 1.6 in Ins1 cells but this small difference is insufficient to solely

A neural network potential energy surface for the NaH2 system and dynamics studies on the H(2S) + NaH(X1Σ+) → Na(2S) + H2(X1Σg+) reaction.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Shufen; Yuan, Jiuchuang; Li, Huixing; Chen, Maodu

2017-08-02

In order to study the dynamics of the reaction H( 2 S) + NaH(X 1 Σ + ) → Na( 2 S) + H 2 (X 1 Σ g + ), a new potential energy surface (PES) for the ground state of the NaH 2 system is constructed based on 35 730 ab initio energy points. Using basis sets of quadruple zeta quality, multireference configuration interaction calculations with Davidson correction were carried out to obtain the ab initio energy points. The neural network method is used to fit the PES, and the root mean square error is very small (0.00639 eV). The bond lengths, dissociation energies, zero-point energies and spectroscopic constants of H 2 (X 1 Σ g + ) and NaH(X 1 Σ + ) obtained on the new NaH 2 PES are in good agreement with the experiment data. On the new PES, the reactant coordinate-based time-dependent wave packet method is applied to study the reaction dynamics of H( 2 S) + NaH(X 1 Σ + ) → Na( 2 S) + H 2 (X 1 Σ g + ), and the reaction probabilities, integral cross-sections (ICSs) and differential cross-sections (DCSs) are obtained. There is no threshold in the reaction due to the absence of an energy barrier on the minimum energy path. When the collision energy increases, the ICSs decrease from a high value at low collision energy. The DCS results show that the angular distribution of the product molecules tends to the forward direction. Compared with the LiH 2 system, the NaH 2 system has a larger mass and the PES has a larger well at the H-NaH configuration, which leads to a higher ICS value in the H( 2 S) + NaH(X 1 Σ + ) → Na( 2 S) + H 2 (X 1 Σ g + ) reaction. Because the H( 2 S) + NaH(X 1 Σ + ) → Na( 2 S) + H 2 (X 1 Σ g + ) reaction releases more energy, the product molecules can be excited to a higher vibrational state.

Effect of chloride substitution on the order–disorder transition in NaBH{sub 4} and Na{sup 11}BD{sub 4}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Olsen, Jørn Eirik [Institute for Energy Technology, Physics Department, P.O. Box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller (Norway); Karen, Pavel [University of Oslo, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo (Norway); Sørby, Magnus H. [Institute for Energy Technology, Physics Department, P.O. Box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller (Norway); Hauback, Bjørn C., E-mail: bjorn.hauback@ife.no [Institute for Energy Technology, Physics Department, P.O. Box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller (Norway)

2014-02-25

Graphical abstract: Interactions that order the BD{sub 4}{sup -} tetrahedra below the order–disorder transition became increasingly frustrated by the solute in the Na({sup 11}BD{sub 4}){sub 1−x}Cl{sub x} solid solutions, and the order disappears at x = 0.158. Highlights: • The order–disorder transition temperature for Na(BH{sub 4}){sub 1−x}Cl{sub x} and Na({sup 11}BD{sub 4}){sub 1−x}Cl{sub x} is highly dependent on the Cl-content, x. • The transition is characterized by DSC for Na({sup 11}BD{sub 4}){sub 1−x}Cl{sub x} for x = 0, 0.10 and 0.15. • No transition is observed for x ⩾ 0.20 on cooling to 8 K. • The crystal structures are reported for Na{sup 11}BD{sub 4} at room temperature and 8 K and Na({sup 11}BD{sub 4}){sub 1−x}Cl{sub x} (x = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25) at 8 K from powder neutron diffraction. -- Abstract: Phase transition associated with anion disordering over two orientations in Na{sup 11}BD{sub 4} (NaBH{sub 4}) and its solid solutions with NaCl, Na({sup 11}BD{sub 4}){sub 1−x}Cl{sub x}, is investigated with powder diffraction (neutron and synchrotron radiation), differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. Upon heating, the transition temperature extrapolated to zero rate of heating is 192.2 K for Na{sup 11}BD{sub 4}, ΔS = 4.41 J/mol K, hysteresis 1.7 K and the volume increase 0.43%. Thermal parameters of the transition in Na({sup 11}BD{sub 4}){sub 1−x}Cl{sub x} follow a colligative-property model of an ideal solution, with x = 0.158(1) as the critical concentration at which the ordering interactions and the transition itself are eliminated. On approaching this limit, the tetragonal distortion of the ordered structure decreases somewhat towards the cubic average, and this is associated with a partial disorder of the tetrahedral anions seen by diffraction methods. In fact, a 3% disorder is already present in the pure solvent of the solid solution (Na{sup 11}BD{sub 4}) at 8 K.

UM JOGO PARA TREINAMENTO DE OPERADORES DE SONDAS DE PERFURAÇÃO TERRESTRE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Ferdinandy Silva Chagas

2012-03-01

Full Text Available No intuito de reduzir a possibilidade de acidentes e falhas no processo de perfuração de poços de petróleo, um treinamento contínuo para os trabalhadores é altamente recomendado. Neste trabalho é proposto um jogo que simula uma plataforma de perfuração. No jogo, os jogadores são expostos a várias circunstancias nas quais eles podem exercitar seu conhecimento sobre seu trabalho e aprender o que fazer em situações adversas. Técnicas de inteligência artificial serão aplicadas ao jogo no intuito de atingir essa funcionalidade. Os recursos da aplicação incluem interação instantânea entre vários jogadores em ambiente virtual 3D. Ela é uma aplicação baseada na web, que permite jogadores remotamente executá-la em diferentes plataformas.

TweetNaCl : a crypto library in 100 tweets

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bernstein, D.J.; van Gastel, B.; Janssen, W.; Lange, T.; Schwabe, P.; Smetsers, S.; Aranha, D.F.; Menezes, A.

2015-01-01

This paper introduces TweetNaCl, a compact reimplementation of the NaCl library, including all 25 of the NaCl functions used by applications. TweetNaCl is published on Twitter and fits into just 100 tweets; the tweets are available from anywhere, any time, in an unsuspicious way. Distribution via

Na7 [Fe2S6 ] , Na2 [FeS2 ] and Na2 [FeSe2 ] : New 'reduced' sodium chalcogenido ferrates

Science.gov (United States)

Stüble, Pirmin; Peschke, Simon; Johrendt, Dirk; Röhr, Caroline

2018-02-01

Three new 'reduced' FeII containing sodium chalcogenido ferrates were obtained applying a reductive synthetic route. The mixed-valent sulfido ferrate Na7 [Fe2S6 ] , which forms bar-shaped crystals with metallic greenish luster, was synthesized in pure phase from natural pyrite and elemental sodium at a maximum temperature of 800 °C. Its centrosymmetric triclinic structure (SG P 1 bar , a = 764.15(2), b = 1153.70(2), c = 1272.58(3) pm, α = 62.3325 (7) , β = 72.8345 (8) , γ = 84.6394 (8) ° , Z = 3, R1 = 0.0185) exhibits two crystallographically different [Fe2S6 ] 7 - dimers of edge-sharing [FeS4 ] tetrahedra, with somewhat larger Fe-S distances than in the fully oxidized FeIII dimers of e.g. Na6 [Fe2III S6 ] . In contrast to the localized AFM ordered pure di-ferrates(III), the Curie-Weiss behavior of the magnetic susceptibility proves the rarely observed valence-delocalized S = 9/2 state of the mixed-valent FeIII /FeII dimer. The nearly spin-only value of the magnetic moment combined with the chemical bonding not generally differing from that in pure ferrates(II) and (III), provides a striking argument, that the reduction of the local Fe spin moments observed in all condensed sulfido ferrate moieties is connected with the AFM spin ordering. The two isotypic ferrates(II) Na2 [FeS2 ] and Na2 [FeSe2 ] with chain-like structural units (SG Ibam, a = 643.54(8)/ 660.81(1), b = 1140.2(2)/1190.30(2) c = 562.90(6)/585.59(1) pm, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0372/0.0466) crystallize in the K2 [ZnO2 ] -type structure. Although representing merely further members of the common series of chalcogenido metallates(II) Na2 [MIIQ2 ] , these two new phases, together with Na6 [FeS4 ] and Li2 [FeS2 ] , are the only examples of pure FeII alkali chalcogenido ferrates. The new compounds allow for a general comparison of di- and chain ferrates(II) and (III) and mixed-valent analogs concerning the electronic and magnetic properties (including Heisenberg super-exchange and double-exchange interactions

ZAZNAVA IN VPLIV BARV NA PRIMERU TISKANIH OGLASOV

OpenAIRE

Spes, Katja

2015-01-01

V diplomski nalogi smo s pomočjo literature opisali simboliko osnovnih barv, vpliv, ki ga imajo na ljudi, ter njihov pomen v oglasnih sporočilih. Omejili smo se na tiskane oglase (plakate, časopise, revije, neposredno pošto in embalažo) in opisali njihove prednosti in slabosti. Z anketnim vprašalnikom smo ugotavljali, na katere barve smo najbolj pozorni in katerim lastnostim se posamezne barve bolj približajo. Osredotočili smo se na sedem barv

Lipopolysaccharide hyperpolarizes guinea pig airway epithelium by increasing the activities of the epithelial Na(+) channel and the Na(+)-K(+) pump.

Science.gov (United States)

Dodrill, Michael W; Fedan, Jeffrey S

2010-10-01

Earlier, we found that systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 4 mg/kg) hyperpolarized the transepithelial potential difference (V(t)) of tracheal epithelium in the isolated, perfused trachea (IPT) of the guinea pig 18 h after injection. As well, LPS increased the hyperpolarization component of the response to basolateral methacholine, and potentiated the epithelium-derived relaxing factor-mediated relaxation responses to hyperosmolar solutions applied to the apical membrane. We hypothesized that LPS stimulates the transepithelial movement of Na(+) via the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)/Na(+)-K(+) pump axis, leading to hyperpolarization of V(t). LPS increased the V(t)-depolarizing response to amiloride (10 μM), i.e., offset the effect of LPS, indicating that Na(+) transport activity was increased. The functional activity of ENaC was measured in the IPT after short-circuiting the Na(+)-K(+) pump with basolateral amphotericin B (7.5 μM). LPS had no effect on the hyperpolarization response to apical trypsin (100 U/ml) in the Ussing chamber, indicating that channel-activating proteases are not involved in the LPS-induced activation of ENaC. To assess Na(+)-K(+) pump activity in the IPT, ENaC was short-circuited with apical amphotericin B. The greater V(t) in the presence of amphotericin B in tracheas from LPS-treated animals compared with controls revealed that LPS increased Na(+)-K(+) pump activity. This finding was confirmed in the Ussing chamber by inhibiting the Na(+)-K(+) pump via extracellular K(+) removal, loading the epithelium with Na(+), and observing a greater hyperpolarization response to K(+) restoration. Together, the findings of this study reveal that LPS hyperpolarizes the airway epithelium by increasing the activities of ENaC and the Na(+)-K(+) pump.

Redetermination of Na(3)TaF(8).

Science.gov (United States)

Langer, Vratislav; Smrcok, Lubomír; Boca, Miroslav

2010-09-01

The crystal structure of trisodium octafluoridotantalate, Na(3)TaF(8), has been redetermined using diffractometer data collected at 153 K, resulting in more accurate bond distances and angles than obtained from a previous structure determination based on film data. The structure is built from layers running along [101], which are formed by distorted [TaF(8)] antiprisms and [NaF(6)] rectangular bipyramids sharing edges and corners. The individual layers are separated by eight-coordinated Na ions. Two atoms in the asymmetric unit are in special positions: the Ta atom is on a twofold axis in Wyckoff position 4e and one of the Na ions lies on an inversion centre in Wyckoff site 4d.

ser precoce na intervenção

OpenAIRE

Bernardo, Ana Carolina Couto

2013-01-01

Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação: Educação Especial, área de especialização em Domínio da Intervenção Precoce na Infância Este estudo centra-se na implementação de uma Escola de Mães, programa de educação parental realizado em seis sessões na freguesia de Calhetas, ilha de S. Miguel, e na avaliação comparativa, anterior e posterior ao programa, das três mães participantes no que...

Na+/H+ exchange activity in the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis.

Science.gov (United States)

Qiu, Quan-Sheng; Barkla, Bronwyn J; Vera-Estrella, Rosario; Zhu, Jian-Kang; Schumaker, Karen S

2003-06-01

In plants, Na+/H+ exchangers in the plasma membrane are critical for growth in high levels of salt, removing toxic Na+ from the cytoplasm by transport out of the cell. The molecular identity of a plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger in Arabidopsis (SOS1) has recently been determined. In this study, immunological analysis provided evidence that SOS1 localizes to the plasma membrane of leaves and roots. To characterize the transport activity of this protein, purified plasma membrane vesicles were isolated from leaves of Arabidopsis. Na+/H+ exchange activity, monitored as the ability of Na to dissipate an established pH gradient, was absent in plants grown without salt. However, exchange activity was induced when plants were grown in 250 mm NaCl and increased with prolonged salt exposure up to 8 d. H+-coupled exchange was specific for Na, because chloride salts of other monovalent cations did not dissipate the pH gradient. Na+/H+ exchange activity was dependent on Na (substrate) concentration, and kinetic analysis indicated that the affinity (apparent Km) of the transporter for Na+ is 22.8 mm. Data from two experimental approaches supports electroneutral exchange (one Na+ exchanged for one proton): (a) no change in membrane potential was measured during the exchange reaction, and (b) Na+/H+ exchange was unaffected by the presence or absence of a membrane potential. Results from this research provide a framework for future studies into the regulation of the plant plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger and its relative contribution to the maintenance of cellular Na+ homeostasis during plant growth in salt.

Thermophysical properties of Na2Th (MoO4)3 (s) and Na4Th (MoO4)4 (s)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dash, Smruti; Rakshit, S.K.; Singh, Ziley; Keskar, Meera; Dahale, N.D.

2009-01-01

The heat capacity of Na 2 Th (MoO 4 ) 3 (s) and Na 4 Th (MoO 4 ) 4 (s) have been measured by differential scanning calorimeter in the temperature range 318 to 845 K. The corresponding values are: C p,m (Na 2 Th (MoO 4 ) 3 ,s,T) (JK-1 mol-1) 368.710+ 1.0 10-1 (T/K) - 4950267 (K/T)2 (318 ≤ T (K) ≤ 845). C p,m (Na 4 Th (MoO 4 ) 4 ,s,T) (JK-1 mol-1) = 638.761+ 5.12 10-3 (T/K) - 12691691 (K/T)-2 (318 ≤ T (K) ≤ 845). Experimental heat capacity values for Na 2 Th (MoO 4 ) 3 (s) match reasonably well with that of additive oxide values. But C p,m (T) values of Na 4 Th (MoO 4 ) 4 (s) deviates substantially from the additive oxide values above 700 K. The uncertainty of the measurements reported in this study is calculated to be within 1 to 3 % . (author)

Optimization and kinetics decomposition of monazite using NaOH

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

MV Purwani; Suyanti; Deddy Husnurrofiq

2015-01-01

Decomposition of monazite with NaOH has been done. Decomposition performed at high temperature on furnace. The parameters studied were the comparison NaOH / monazite, temperature and time decomposition. From the research decomposition for 100 grams of monazite with NaOH, it can be concluded that the greater the ratio of NaOH / monazite, the greater the conversion. In the temperature influences decomposition 400 - 700°C, the greater the reaction rate constant with increasing temperature greater decomposition. Comparison NaOH / monazite optimum was 1.5 and the optimum time of 3 hours. Relations ratio NaOH / monazite with conversion (x) following the polynomial equation y = 0.1579x 2 – 0.2855x + 0.8301 (y = conversion and x = ratio of NaOH/monazite). Decomposition reaction of monazite with NaOH was second orde reaction, the relationship between temperature (T) with a reaction rate constant (k), k = 6.106.e - 1006.8 /T or ln k = - 1006.8/T + 6.106, frequency factor A = 448.541, activation energy E = 8.371 kJ/mol. (author)

Genetics, drugs and environmental factors in Parkinson's disease: a case-control study Genética, medicamentos e fatores do meio ambiente na doença de Parkinson

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ANTONIO LUIZ DOS SANTOS WERNECK

1999-06-01

Full Text Available A case-control study of Parkinson's disease (PD was conducted in the city of Rio de Janeiro based on the assumption that neurotoxins with secondary parkinsonian action may be related to the development of Parkinson's disease. Ninety-two subjects with PD and 110 controls were queried through a questionnaire in order to investigate possible risk factors for the disease. The following factors were studied: herbicides/pesticides, exposure to chemicals, ingestion of drugs with secondary PD effects, rural life, water well source, family history, cranial trauma and cigarette smoking. Study of mentioned factors was achieved through univariate, stratified and multivariate analyses. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that PD was positively associated with family history (OR = 14.5; CI = 2.98 - 91.38, with the use of drugs with secondary PD action (OR = 11.01; CI = 3.41 - 39.41 and with exposure to chemical agents (OR = 5.87; CI = 1.48 - 27.23. PD was found to be inversely associated with cigarette smoking (OR = 0.39; IC = 0.16 - 0.95. Stratified analysis only confirmed family history and drug use, besides demonstrating that cigarette consumption could be a protection factor, when aforementioned factors were involved. This study might be a warning as to the cares that need to be taken regarding drug use and occupational exposure to chemical agents, as both types of substances present secondary PD action.Um estudo caso-controle foi realizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, partindo-se do pressuposto de que neurotoxinas com ação parkinsoniana secundária poderiam facilitar a ocorrência da doença de Parkinson. Noventa e dois pacientes com doença de Parkinson e 110 controles foram avaliados através de questionário para a investigação de possíveis fatores de risco para a doença. Foram pesquisados os seguintes fatores: herbicidas e pesticidas, exposição a agentes químicos, uso de medicamentos com ação parkinsoniana secundária, vida

The loss of Na and Cl during the pyrolysis of a NaCl-loaded brown coal sample

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mody, D.; Li, C.Z.

1999-07-01

A Victorian brown coal was physically loaded with NaCl and pyrolyzed in a quartz fluidized-bed reactor. The fluidized-bed reactor was equipped with a quartz frit in the freeboard zone to enable the total devolatilization of the coal particles. The introduction of NaCl into the coal has caused only minor reductions in the weight loss. A significant amount of chlorine was volatilized during pyrolysis at temperatures as low as 200 C. At temperatures around 400--500 C where the loss of sodium was not very significant, about 70% of chlorine was volatilized from the coal particles. With the volatilization of chlorine at this temperature level, sodium must have been bonded to the char matrix. With increasing temperature, the volatilization of chlorine decreased and then increased again, whereas the volatilization of sodium increased monotonically with increasing temperature. Almost all the Na in coal could be volatilized at temperatures higher than about 800 C. These experimental results clearly indicate that chlorine and Na interacted strongly with coal/char at high temperatures. Na and Cl in the coal did not volatilize as NaCl molecules. Significant amounts of species containing a COO-group such as acetate, formate and oxalate were observed in the pyrolysis products although the exact forms of these species (i.e., as acids, salts or esters) in the pyrolysis product remain unknown. The yields of the species containing a COO-group decreased with increasing temperature, possibly due to the intensified thermal cracking reactions at high temperatures.

Avaliação do tratamento térmico na composição química e na qualidade da cajuína Evaluation of the thermal treatment on the chemical composition and quality of "cajuína" beverage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ronaldo Ferreira do Nascimento

2003-08-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito do processo de tratamento térmico na qualidade e composição química da bebida cajuína quando submetida ao cozimento sob temperatura constante de 100ºC durante 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00 e 4:00 horas. Alíquotas foram coletadas em cada tempo de aquecimento e analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE em relação aos ácidos (cítrico e ascórbico, aldeídos furânicos (5-hidroximetilfurfural e furfural e açúcares (frutose, glicose e frutose. Os resultados foram reprodutíveis e indicaram que as cajuínas comerciais do estado do Ceará apresentam uma grande diversidade quanto ao processo de cozimento e ao teor de vitamina C, causados principalmente por processos térmicos inadequados. O tempo mais adequado sugerido para o "cozimento" da cajuína está em torno de 2:00h. O trabalho também aponta a combinação das análises de 5-HMF, furfural, ácido ascórbico e teor de ácido ascórbico/ácido cítrico como uma metodologia alternativa para a avaliação da qualidade da cajuína.In this work the effect of the thermal process on the quality and chemical composition of the beverage cajuína was studied. Cajuína is basically clarified cashew juice. Samples of cajuína were submitted to thermal processes, of constant heating (100ºC for 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00 and 4:00 hours. The samples were subsequently analyzed by HPLC for glucose, fructose, citric acid, ascorbic acid, hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF and furfural. The results showed that the commercial cajuína beverage of Ceará State presented a great diversity in process standardization and vitamin C content, caused by inadequate thermal processing. The process is more efficient with a time period of 2:00hs. The work also indicates a combination of the analyses of 5-HMF, furfural and ascorbic acid and the ratio ascorbic acid/citric acid, as an alternative methodology for the evaluation of cajuína quality.

Measurement and modeling of CO2 solubility in NaCl brine and CO2–saturated NaCl brine density

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Yan, Wei; Huang, Shengli; Stenby, Erling Halfdan

2011-01-01

over climate change and energy security. This work is an experimental and modeling study of two fundamental properties in high pressure CO2–NaCl brine equilibrium, i.e., CO2 solubility in NaCl brine and CO2–saturated NaCl brine density. A literature review of the available data was presented first...

Five ab initio potential energy and dipole moment surfaces for hydrated NaCl and NaF. I. Two-body interactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Yimin; Bowman, Joel M.; Kamarchik, Eugene

2016-01-01

We report full-dimensional, ab initio-based potentials and dipole moment surfaces for NaCl, NaF, Na + H 2 O, F − H 2 O, and Cl − H 2 O. The NaCl and NaF potentials are diabatic ones that dissociate to ions. These are obtained using spline fits to CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV5Z energies. In addition, non-linear least square fits using the Born-Mayer-Huggins potential are presented, providing accurate parameters based strictly on the current ab initio energies. The long-range behavior of the NaCl and NaF potentials is shown to go, as expected, accurately to the point-charge Coulomb interaction. The three ion-H 2 O potentials are permutationally invariant fits to roughly 20 000 coupled cluster CCSD(T) energies (awCVTZ basis for Na + and aVTZ basis for Cl − and F − ), over a large range of distances and H 2 O intramolecular configurations. These potentials are switched accurately in the long range to the analytical ion-dipole interactions, to improve computational efficiency. Dipole moment surfaces are fits to MP2 data; for the ion-ion cases, these are well described in the intermediate- and long-range by the simple point-charge expression. The performance of these new fits is examined by direct comparison to additional ab initio energies and dipole moments along various cuts. Equilibrium structures, harmonic frequencies, and electronic dissociation energies are also reported and compared to direct ab initio results. These indicate the high fidelity of the new PESs.

Threshold oxygen levels in Na(I) for the formation of NaCrO 2(s) on 18-8 stainless steels from accurate thermodynamic measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Sreedharan, O. M.; Madan, B. S.; Gnanamoorthy, J. B.

1983-12-01

The compound NaCrO 2(s) is an important corrosion product in sodium-cooled LMFBRs. The standard Gibbs energy of formation of NaCrO 2(s) is required for the computation of threshold oxygen levels in Na(1) for the formation of NaCrO 2(s) on 18-8 stainless steels. For this purpose the emf of the galvanic cell: Pt, NaCrO 2, Cr 2O 3, Na 2CrO 4/15 YSZ/O 2 ( P O 2 = 0.21 atm, air), Pt was measured over 784-1012 K to be: (E±4.4)(mV) = 483.67-0.34155 T(K). From this, the standard Gibbs energy of formation of NaCrO 2(s) from the elements ( ΔG f,T0) and from the oxides ( ΔG f,OX,T0) was calculated to be: [ΔG f,T0(NaCrO 2, s)±1.86] (kJ/mol) =-869.98 + 0.18575 T(K) , [ΔG f,OX,T0(NaCr0 2, s)±4.8] (kJ/mol) = -104.25-0.00856 T(K) . The molar heat capacity, C P0, of NaCrO 2(s) was measured by DSC to be (350-600 K): C P0(NaCrO 2, s) (J/K mol) = 27.15 + 0.1247 T (K) , From these data, values of -99.3 kJ/mol and 91.6 J/K mol were computed for ΔH f,2980 and S 2980 of NaCrO 2(s). The internal consistency was checked with the use of enthalpy data on Na 2CrO 4(s). From the standard Gibbs energy of formation of NaCrO 2(s) the equation logC 0(wppm) = 3.9905-3147.6 T(K) was derived, where C 0 is the threshold oxygen level for the formation of NaCrO 2(s) on 18-8 stainless steels.

PRIMERJAVA GEODETSKIH METOD NA ZAHTEVNEM GRADBENEM OBJEKTU

OpenAIRE

Reberčnik, Matic

2017-01-01

V projektni nalogi smo v uvodnih poglavjih predstavili različne načine izvajanja geodetskih meritev, ki jih v gradbeništvu uporabljamo pri analizi pomikov in deformacij gradbenih konstrukcij ter terena, na katerem so le-te postavljene. V nadaljevanju opisujemo terestične in GNSS (globalni navigacijski satelitski sistem) metode, ki smo jih uporabljali pri izvajanju meritev na izbranem premostitvenem objektu avtocestnega odseka v Sloveniji (zaradi varovanja podatkov ga imenujemo Objekt 1). Pod...

Emergência e crescimento inicial de plântulas de albízia submetidas à irrigação com água salina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mayky F. P. de Lima

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de sais na água de irrigação sob a emergência e o crescimento inicial de plântulas de albízia (Albizia lebbeck (L. Benth.. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação do departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, Mossoró, RN, usando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, com 24 sementes em cada parcela. Os tratamentos foram constituídos das concentrações salinas 0,68 (água de abastecimento; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5; 6,0 e 7,5 dS m-1, obtidas através da adição de NaCl em água. As variáveis avaliadas foram: porcentagem de emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento de raiz, número de folíolos, condutividade elétrica acumulada do substrato, índice de conteúdo de clorofila, massa seca da raiz, do caule, das folhas e total. O aumento da salinidade na água de irrigação interfere negativamente na emergência e no crescimento inicial de plântulas de albízia, sendo recomendado água com concentração salina até 1,5 dS m-1, caracterizando esta espécie como glicófita, sensível à salinidade.

Synthesis of Li(x)Na(2-x)Mn2S3 and LiNaMnS2 through redox-induced ion exchange reactions