TV-Hybridgenrer mellem fakta og fiktion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jørgen Stigel

1986-08-01

Full Text Available I denne artikel behandler Jørgen Stigel de seneste års ud- vikling i nogle af fjernsynets genrer. Hans synsvinkel er den, at TV-mediet først nu er ved at etablere sine "egne" genrer, f.eks. faktion og docu-drama - der ved første øje- kast tager sig ud som blandinger af de genrer, vi kender fra andre medier. Efter en indledende diskussion af de vil- kår, der gælder for faktaformidling i et stadig mere under- holdningspræget TV-univers, analyserer Jørgen Stigel nogle nyere danske eksempler på dybdeborende research-journali- stik, med hovedvægten på Sten Baadsgaard og Jørgen Peder- sens udsendelse om Tvind.

From Image to Structure

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2017-01-01

This exhibition explores visual strategies of artists and architects who engage with the late-modern city. It pays particular attention to the works of Institut for Skalakunst and Carsten Juel-Christiansen. It includes archival material, photographic works, artists’ and architectural books and co...

Kepler Planet Detection Metrics: Per-Target Detection Contours for Data Release 25

Science.gov (United States)

Burke, Christopher J.; Catanzarite, Joseph

2017-01-01

A necessary input to planet occurrence calculations is an accurate model for the pipeline completeness (Burke et al., 2015). This document describes the use of the Kepler planet occurrence rate products in order to calculate a per-target detection contour for the measured Data Release 25 (DR25) pipeline performance. A per-target detection contour measures for a given combination of orbital period, Porb, and planet radius, Rp, what fraction of transit signals are recoverable by the Kepler pipeline (Twicken et al., 2016; Jenkins et al., 2017). The steps for calculating a detection contour follow the procedure outlined in Burke et al. (2015), but have been updated to provide improved accuracy enabled by the substantially larger database of transit injection and recovery tests that were performed on the final version (i.e., SOC 9.3) of the Kepler pipeline (Christiansen, 2017; Burke Catanzarite, 2017a). In the following sections, we describe the main inputs to the per-target detection contour and provide a worked example of the python software released with this document (Kepler Planet Occurrence Rate Tools KeplerPORTs)1 that illustrates the generation of a detection contour in practice. As background material for this document and its nomenclature, we recommend the reader be familiar with the previous method of calculating a detection contour (Section 2 of Burke et al.,2015), input parameters relevant for describing the data quantity and quality of Kepler targets (Burke Catanzarite, 2017b), and the extensive new transit injection and recovery tests of the Kepler pipeline (Christiansen et al., 2016; Burke Catanzarite, 2017a; Christiansen, 2017).

Disaster Analysis: Police and Fire Departments. Phase 2.

Science.gov (United States)

1989-03-01

and G. 0. W. Mueller (eds.) Politics, Crime, and the International Scene: A Focus. San Juan : North-South Center Press. Caplow, T., H. Bahr, and B...20550 Gelman Bldg. #714 George Washington University John Christiansen Washington, DC 20052 Dept. of Sociology 834 SWKT George Rogers Brigham Young

Photobook Week Aarhus 2017

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2017-01-01

The discussions of the festival concentrated on distribution and markets. Using a regional axis, which mapped the Scandinavian practice in the global context, discussions were on themes related to publishing, distributing, buying, trading, and collecting photobooks. There was also a focus...... with UNSEEN Photobook Market in Amsterdam. The festival included a Dummy Doctoring Workshop, gallery talks, and the selection of shortlisted dummies from both the FotoBookFestival Kassel and the Nordic Dummy Award. Local and international booksellers offered the best from their shelves, and research based...... exhibitions were curated by Anne Elisabeth Toft (DK) and Claus Peder Pedersen (DK). As a special feature for Photobook Week Aarhus 2017, German collector and photo historian Thomas Wiegand curated an exhibition on the late German photographer Michael Schmidt’s photobooks, on shown at Aros Aarhus Art Museum....

ELEC-2002: Electronics in HEP

CERN Multimedia

Davide Vitè

2002-01-01

ELEC-2002 is a 15-session modern electronic course, given by CERN physicists and engineers, in a new format within the framework of the Technical Training Programme. This course is designed for people who are not electronics specialists, for example physicists, engineers and technicians working at or visiting the laboratory, who use or will use electronics in their present or future activities, in particular in the context of the LHC accelerator and experiments. ELEC-2002 is composed of two terms: sessions take place on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 14h00 to 16h30. Spring term: Integrated circuits and VLSI technology for physics (April 2002) Introduction to VLSI (Paulo Moreira, 9 April) Basic digital design (Paulo Moreira, 11 April) Analogue design technologies (Francis Anghinolfi, 16 April) Radiation effects in electronics devices and circuits (Federico Faccio, 18 April) Digital design: design methodology and tools (Jorgen Christiansen, 23 April) Digital design: production (Jorgen Christiansen, 25 Apr...

East and Central African Journal of Surgery Volume 15 Number 2 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DELL

Thyroid Dysfunction among Young Adults in Uganda ... enrolled 100 Undergraduate medical students by invitations through notices and ... An elevated serum TSH concentration is present in both overt and mild hypothyroidism. In .... smoking in this study. ... Nils K, Torben J, Rasmussen S, Christiansen E and Perrild H. The ...

Balancing the Rates of New Bone Formation and Polymer Degradation Enhances Healing of Weight-Bearing Allograft/Polyurethane Composites in Rabbit Femoral Defects

Science.gov (United States)

2014-10-03

Hofwegen, C., Marsh, J.L., and Brown, T.D. Is elevated contact stress predictive of post traumatic osteoarthritis for imprecisely reduced tibial plafond...Boyd, S.K., Christiansen, B.A., Guldberg, R.E., Jepsen, K.J., and Muller, R. Guidelines for assessment of bone microstructure in rodents using micro

RJHS Vol 5(2) SOS.cdr

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ABEOLUGBENGAS

Knez J. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and male reproductive health. Reproductive. BioMedicine Online 2013; 26, 440– 448. 13. Christiansen S, Axelstad M, Boberg J, Vinggaard. AM, Pedersen GA, and Hass U. Low-dose effects of bisphenol A on early sexual development in male and female rats. Reproduction 2014; 147 ...

New Faces of Blended Learning

Science.gov (United States)

Horn, Michael B.; Fisher, Julia Freeland

2017-01-01

The Clayton Christiansen Institute maintains a database of more than 400 schools across the United States that have implemented some form of blended learning, which combines online learning with brick-and-mortar classrooms. Data the Institute has collected over the past six months suggests three trends as this model continues to evolve and mature.…

Language acquisition is model-based rather than model-free.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Felix Hao; Mintz, Toben H

2016-01-01

Christiansen & Chater (C&C) propose that learning language is learning to process language. However, we believe that the general-purpose prediction mechanism they propose is insufficient to account for many phenomena in language acquisition. We argue from theoretical considerations and empirical evidence that many acquisition tasks are model-based, and that different acquisition tasks require different, specialized models.

I named my Guinea Pig after Mopper

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Dorthe Refslund; Sandvik, Kjetil

On November 21st 2016, Ann Patricia Christiansen passed away at the age of 78 after months of protracted illness. In Denmark, Ann Patricia was known as ’Mopper’, being the oldest generation in the Linse Kessler family in the tv reality show ”Familien på Bryggen” (in English: ”The Family on the Wh...

Constraint-based Word Segmentation for Chinese

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Henning; Bo, Li

2014-01-01

-hoc and statistically based methods. In this paper, we show experiments of implementing different approaches to CWSP in the framework of CHR Grammars [Christiansen, 2005] that provides a constraint solving approach to language analysis. CHR Grammars are based upon Constraint Handling Rules, CHR [Frühwirth, 1998, 2009......], which is a declarative, high-level programming language for specification and implementation of constraint solvers....

Linguistic representations and memory architectures: The devil is in the details.

Science.gov (United States)

Chacón, Dustin Alfonso; Momma, Shota; Phillips, Colin

2016-01-01

Attempts to explain linguistic phenomena as consequences of memory constraints require detailed specification of linguistic representations and memory architectures alike. We discuss examples of supposed locality biases in language comprehension and production, and their link to memory constraints. Findings do not generally favor Christiansen & Chater's (C&C's) approach. We discuss connections to debates that stretch back to the nineteenth century.

On the generalizability of the Chunk-and-Pass processing approach: Perspectives from language acquisition and music.

Science.gov (United States)

Lakshmanan, Usha; Graham, Robert E

2016-01-01

Christiansen & Chater (C&C) offer the Chunk-and-Pass strategy as a language processing approach allowing humans to make sense of incoming language in the face of cognitive and perceptual constraints. We propose that the Chunk-and-Pass strategy is not adequate to extend universally across languages (accounting for typologically diverse languages), nor is it sufficient to generalize to other auditory modalities such as music.

Mechanisms for interaction: Syntax as procedures for online interactive meaning building.

Science.gov (United States)

Kempson, Ruth; Chatzikyriakidis, Stergios; Cann, Ronnie

2016-01-01

We argue that to reflect participant interactivity in conversational dialogue, the Christiansen & Chater (C&C) perspective needs a formal grammar framework capturing word-by-word incrementality, as in Dynamic Syntax, in which syntax is the incremental building of semantic representations reflecting real-time parsing dynamics. We demonstrate that, with such formulation, syntactic, semantic, and morpho-syntactic dependencies are all analysable as grounded in their potential for interaction.

ARMY DEVELOPMENTAL ASSESSMENT CENTER: A DEMONSTRATION FOR THE NOMINATIVE COMMAND SERGEANT MAJOR POSITION

Science.gov (United States)

2015-12-16

Drasgow, 2012). The TAPAS was developed to assess up to 21 sub-dimensions of the Big Five personality factors and several additional personality...differences and developmental activities: Getting more bang for your buck from DPACs. Paper presented at the 31st International Congress on Assessment...Prediction for Personnel Decisions. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Haaland, S., & Christiansen, N. D. (2002). Implications of trait-activation theory for

Musikterapiuddannelsen 25 år - Festskrift

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

musikterapeutisk hovedinstrument?  - ændrede studieordninger på musikterapiuddannelsen Lars Ole Bonde: Studieordningen af 2006 i praksis. Erfaringer fra det første år Carl Bergstrøm-Nielsen: En ny musikfaglighed Britta Kvist: Mit liv som UA'er i 24 år Niels Hannibal: Når teori og praksis lever side om side Tony...... Wigram: Doctoral Research School in Music Therapy, Aalborg University Lars Ole Bonde: Forskerskolen i musikterapi - en international succes Peder Kaj Pedersen: Musikterapeutiske forskningsstrategier. Profane replikker fra sidelinien Anne Steen Møller: "Musikterapeut? Hvor spændende! Hvad laver sådan én......?" Helga Pallesen: En ældre studerende på en ung uddannelse Lis Karlsen & Anne Eijgendaal: En historie om hvordan musikterapeuterne blev fagligt organiserede Hanne Mette Ridder: Hvor går kandidaterne hen, når de går ud?           Musiksatser af bl.a. Bo Hulgaard, Bjørn Veierskov Alexandersson, og Carl...

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater.

Science.gov (United States)

Potter, Mary C

2016-01-01

Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Kuulates ja võrreldes : Soome Jalostuspäivät Tamperes 19.02.2011 / Raigo Kollom

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kollom, Raigo, 1936-

2011-01-01

Lühiülevaade veebruaris Tamperes toimunud Jalotuspäivät koolitusest, mille peaesinejad olid Taani DWB tõuraamatu aretusjuht ja WBFSH peasekretär Karina Christiansen, dr Kathryn F. Stock Hannoveri Veterinaarmeditsiini Ülikoolist ja Soome parim takistussõitja Mikael Forsten ning põhiteemaks ratsahobuste aretus, samuti võrreldakse artiklis eri riikide hobumajanduse teenistuses olevad keskandmebaase ja aretusvalikuid. Järgneb ajakirja lõpus ESHKS infolehe veergudel

Assessment of flhDC mRNA levels in Serratia liquefaciens swarm cells

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tolker-Nielsen, Tim; Christensen, Allan Beck; Holmstrøm, K.

2000-01-01

We reported previously that artificial overexpression of the flhDC operon in liquid-grown Serratia liquefaciens resulted in the formation of filamentous, multinucleated, and hyperflagellated cells that were indistinguishable from surface-induced swarm cells (L. Eberl, G. Christiansen, S. Molin, a......, vegetative cells. This suggests that surface-induced S. liquefaciens swarm cell differentiation, although dependent on flhDC gene expression, does not occur through elevated flhDC mRNA levels....

New infrared telescopic observation of Vesta

Science.gov (United States)

Palomba, E.; D'Aversa, E.; Sato, T.; Longobardo, A.; Aoki, S.; Sindoni, G.; Oliva, F.

2017-09-01

In this work we present new telescopic observations of the Vesta asteroid made at the Subaru Telescope by using the COMICS IR spectrometer. We were able to obtain 5 different observations in 5 day, at two different epochs. The obtained spectra do not exhibit Reststrahlen bands and show only weak features attributable to the Christiansen peak and to the transparency feature compatible with a fine grain size regolith.

Determination of 3D Equilibria from Flux Surface Knowledge Only

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mynick, H.E.; Pomphrey, N.

2001-01-01

We show that the method of Christiansen and Taylor, from which complete tokamak equilibria can be determined given only knowledge of the shape of the flux surfaces, can be extended to 3-dimensional equilibria, such as those of stellarators. As for the tokamak case, the given geometric knowledge has a high degree of redundancy, so that the full equilibrium can be obtained using only a small portion of that information

Highlighting the history of Japanese radio astronomy. 5: The 1950 Osaka solar grating array proposal

Science.gov (United States)

Wendt, Harry; Orchiston, Wayne; Ishiguro, Masato; Nakamura, Tsuko

2017-04-01

In November 1950, a paper was presented at the 5th Annual Assembly of the Physical Society of Japan that outlined the plan for a radio frequency grating array, designed to provide high-resolution observations of solar radio emission at 3.3 GHz. This short paper provides details of the invention of this array, which occurred independently of W.N. Christiansen's invention of the solar grating array in Australia at almost the same time.

Linguistics, cognitive psychology, and the Now-or-Never bottleneck.

Science.gov (United States)

Endress, Ansgar D; Katzir, Roni

2016-01-01

Christiansen & Chater (C&C)'s key premise is that "if linguistic information is not processed rapidly, that information is lost for good" (sect. 1, para. 1). From this "Now-or-Never bottleneck" (NNB), C&C derive "wide-reaching and fundamental implications for language processing, acquisition and change as well as for the structure of language itself" (sect. 2, para. 10). We question both the premise and the consequentiality of its purported implications.

High temporal resolution ecosystem CH4, CO2 and H2O flux data measured with a novel chamber technique

Science.gov (United States)

Steenberg Larsen, Klaus; Riis Christiansen, Jesper

2016-04-01

Soil-atmosphere exchange of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is commonly measured with closed static chambers (Pihlatie et al., 2013) with off-site gas chromatographic (GC) analysis for CH4 and N2O. Static chambers are widely used to observe in detail the effect of experimental manipulations, like climate change experiments, on GHG exchange (e.g. Carter et al., 2012). However, the low sensitivity of GC systems necessitates long measurement times and manual sampling, which increases the disturbance of the exchange of GHGs and leads to potential underestimation of fluxes (Christiansen et al., 2011; Creelman et al., 2013). The recent emergence of field proof infrared lasers using cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) have increased frequency and precision of concentration measurements and enabled better estimates of GHG fluxes (Christiansen et al., 2015) due to shorter chamber enclosure times. This minimizes the negative impact of the chamber enclosure on the soil-atmosphere gas exchange rate. Secondly, an integral aspect of understanding GHG exchange in terrestrial ecosystem is to achieve high temporal coverage. This is needed to capture the often dynamic behavior where fluxes can change rapidly over the course of days or even a few hours in response to e.g. rain events. Consequently, low temporal coverage in measurements of GHG exchange have in many past investigations led to highly uncertain annual budgets which severely limits our understanding of the ecosystem processes interacting with the climate system through GHG exchange. Real-time field measurements at high temporal resolution are needed to obtain a much more detailed understanding of the processes governing ecosystem CH4 exchange as well as for better predicting the effects of climate and environmental changes. We combined a state-of-the-art field applicable CH4 sensor (Los Gatos UGGA) with a newly developed ecosystem-level automatic chamber controlled by a LI-COR 8100/8150 system. The chamber is capable of

Kepler Planet Detection Metrics: Per-Target Flux-Level Transit Injection Tests of TPS for Data Release 25

Science.gov (United States)

Burke, Christopher J.; Catanzarite, Joseph

2017-01-01

Quantifying the ability of a transiting planet survey to recover transit signals has commonly been accomplished through Monte-Carlo injection of transit signals into the observed data and subsequent running of the signal search algorithm (Gilliland et al., 2000; Weldrake et al., 2005; Burke et al., 2006). In order to characterize the performance of the Kepler pipeline (Twicken et al., 2016; Jenkins et al., 2017) on a sample of over 200,000 stars, two complementary injection and recovery tests are utilized:1. Injection of a single transit signal per target into the image or pixel-level data, hereafter referred to as pixel-level transit injection (PLTI), with subsequent processing through the Photometric Analysis (PA), Presearch Data Conditioning (PDC), Transiting Planet Search (TPS), and Data Validation (DV) modules of the Kepler pipeline. The PLTI quantification of the Kepler pipeline's completeness has been described previously by Christiansen et al. (2015, 2016); the completeness of the final SOC 9.3 Kepler pipeline acting on the Data Release 25 (DR25) light curves is described by Christiansen (2017).2. Injection of multiple transit signals per target into the normalized flux time series data with a subsequent transit search using a stream-lined version of the Transiting Planet Search (TPS) module. This test, hereafter referred to as flux-level transit injection (FLTI), is the subject of this document. By running a heavily modified version of TPS, FLTI is able to perform many injections on selected targets and determine in some detail which injected signals are recoverable. Significant numerical efficiency gains are enabled by precomputing the data conditioning steps at the onset of TPS and limiting the search parameter space (i.e., orbital period, transit duration, and ephemeris zero-point) to a small region around each injected transit signal.The PLTI test has the advantage that it follows transit signals through all processing steps of the Kepler pipeline, and

Sex and gender differences in post-traumatic stress disorder: an update

OpenAIRE

Olff, Miranda

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Background: Women have a two to three times higher risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to men. Several factors are involved explaining this difference (Christiansen & Hansen, 2015). Both psychosocial and biological explanations (e.g. oxytocin related) have been suggested and will be reviewed in this paper. To date, we are still behind in gender- and sex-sensitive research and reporting. Prevalence and type of trauma: The lifetime prevalence of PTSD is ab...

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Kepler pipeline transit signal recovery. III. (Christiansen+, 2016)

Science.gov (United States)

Christiansen, J. L.; Clarke, B. D.; Burke, C. J.; Jenkins, J. M.; Bryson, S. T.; Coughlin, J. L.; Mullally, F.; Thompson, S. E.; Twicken, J. D.; Batalha, N. M.; Haas, M. R.; Catanzarite, J.; Campbell, J. R.; Uddin, A. K.; Zamudio, K.; Smith, J. C.; Henze, C. E.

2018-03-01

Here we describe the third transit injection experiment, which tests the entire Kepler observing baseline (Q1-Q17) for the first time across all 84 CCD channels. It was performed to measure the sensitivity of the Kepler pipeline used to generate the Q1-Q17 Data Release 24 (DR24) catalog of Kepler Objects of Interest (Coughlin et al. 2016, J/ApJS/224/12) available at the NASA Exoplanet Archive (Akeson et al. 2013PASP..125..989A). The average detection efficiency describes the likelihood that the Kepler pipeline would successfully recover a given transit signal. To measure this property we perform a Monte Carlo experiment where we inject the signatures of simulated transiting planets around 198154 target stars, one per star, across the focal plane starting with the Q1-Q17 DR24 calibrated pixels. The simulated transits are generated using the Mandel & Agol (2002ApJ...580L.171M) model. Of the injections, 159013 resulted in three or more injected transits (the minimum required for detection by the pipeline) and were used for the subsequent analysis. (1 data file).

The 100th anniversary of the invention of pH (1909-2009 - Part II. Was it really necessary to replace the Henderson equation with that of Henderson-Hasselbalch?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francesco Sgambato

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction: The year 2009 marked the centenary of the ‘‘invention’’ of the concept of pH by the Danish chemist-mathematician Søren Peder Lauritz Sørensen (1868-1939, who was working at the time in the chemistry laboratories of the Carlsberg Brewery in Copenhagen. The occasion provides an opportunity to re-examine a concept that is crucial for the understanding of human life–—namely, acid-base balance. This article provides an overview of acid-base pathophysiology and the historical events that led from the simple equation of Henderson to the much more complex one developed by Hasselbalch. Conclusions: The authors conclude that the issue of acid-base balance would be easier to understand, more exciting, and even more pleasant if it were taught without recourse to the infamously abstruse Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Unquestionably, the whole rationale underlying the understanding and clinical application of this vital concept is already inherent in the simpler, more manageable formula of Henderson (without logs, which is both useful and sufficient for use in medical school curricula.

Thermodynamic consistency test procedure using orthogonal collocation and the Peng-Robinson equation of state

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hamm, L.L.; Van Brunt, V.

1982-08-01

The Christiansen and Fredenslund programs for calculating vapor-liquid equilibria have been modified by replacing the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state with the newly developed Peng-Robinson equation of state. This modification was shown to be a decided improvement for high pressure systems, especially in the critical and upper retrograde regions. Thermodynamic consistency tests were developed and used to evaluate and compare calculated values from both the modified and unmodified programs with reported experimental data for several vapor-liquid systems

Can we infer external effects from a study of the Irish indirect tax system?

OpenAIRE

Madden, David (David Patrick)

1992-01-01

This paper estimates implied external effects for the Irish indirect tax system for the year 1987. The study uses the inverse optimum technique of Christiansen and Jansen (1978) which estimates implied external effects, given the assumption that the economy is at an optimum with regard to the indirect tax system. External effects are estimated for three goods: tobacco, alcohol and petrol and in all cases the estimated external effects are of the expected sign. The paper also estimates the imp...

Chemically engineering ligand selectivity at the free fatty acid receptor 2 based on pharmacological variation between species orthologs

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hudson, Brian D; Christiansen, Elisabeth; Tikhonova, Irina G

2012-01-01

When it is difficult to develop selective ligands within a family of related G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), chemically engineered receptors activated solely by synthetic ligands (RASSLs) are useful alternatives for probing receptor function. In the present work, we explored whether a RASSL...... on this receptor and demonstrates that exploitation of pharmacological variation between species orthologs is a powerful method to generate novel chemically engineered GPCRs.-Hudson, B. D., Christiansen, E., Tikhonova, I. G., Grundmann, M., Kostenis, E., Adams, D. R., Ulven, T., Milligan, G. Chemically engineering...

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Radial velocities for the HD 3167 system (Christiansen+, 2017)

Science.gov (United States)

Christiansen, J. L.; Vanderburg, A.; Burt, J.; Fulton, B. J.; Batygin, K.; Benneke, B.; Brewer, J. M.; Charbonneau, D.; Ciardi, D. R.; Cameron, A. C.; Coughlin, J. L.; Crossfield, I. J. M.; Dressing, C.; Greene, T. P.; Howard, A. W.; Latham, D. W.; Molinari, E.; Mortier, A.; Mullally, F.; Pepe, F.; Rice, K.; Sinukoff, E.; Sozzetti, A.; Thompson, S. E.; Udry, S.; Vogt, S. S.; Barman, T. S.; Batalha, N. E.; Bouchy, F.; Buchhave, L. A.; Butler, R. P.; Cosentino, R.; Dupuy, T. J.; Ehrenreich, D.; Fiorenzano, A.; Hansen, B. M. S.; Henning, T.; Hirsch, L.; Holden, B. P.; Isaacson, H. T.; Johnson, J. A.; Knutson, H. A.; Kosiarek, M.; Lopez-Morales, M.; Lovis, C.; Malavolta, L.; Mayor, M.; Micela, G.; Motalebi, F.; Petigura, E.; Phillips, D. F.; Piotto, G.; Rogers, L. A.; Sasselov, D.; Schlieder, J. E.; Segransan, D.; Watson, C. A.; Weiss, L. M.

2018-06-01

The final data set includes observations obtained with Keck/HIRES, Automated Planet Finder (APF)/Levy, and HARPS-N. Our observational setup for both Keck/HIRES and the APF/Levy was essentially identical to those described in Fulton et al. (2016, J/ApJ/830/46) and Burt et al. (2014ApJ...789..114B). We collected a total of 60 RV measurements using Keck/HIRES (Vogt et al. 1994SPIE.2198..362V), and 116 measurements using the Levy Spectrograph on the APF (Radovan et al. 2014SPIE.9145E..2BR; Vogt et al. 2014PASP..126..359V) at Lick Observatory between 2016 July 7 and 2016 December 2. We also observed HD 3167 with the HARPS-N spectrograph (Cosentino et al. 2012SPIE.8446E..1VC) located at the 3.58 m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo on the island of La Palma, Spain. HARPS-N is a stabilized spectrograph designed for precise RV measurements. We observed HD 3167 76 times between 2016 July 7 (independently beginning the same night as the HIRES/APF campaign) and 2016 December 7, obtaining high-resolution optical spectra with a spectral resolving power of R=115000. (1 data file).

Appropriering, system, bogobjekt

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kromann, Thomas Hvid

og en afpersonaliseringens poetik bliver konstrueret og typologiseret ud fra et heterogent og spredt tekstmateriale. En poetik, der er kendetegnet af en vidtdreven afmytologisering og afpersonalisering af kunstnerrollen og værket. I kapitel 2, Appropriering, analyseres approprieringsteknikker som...... værker af Bjørn Nørgaard, Hans-Jørgen Nielsen, Henning Christiansen, Vagn Steen og Per Kirkeby (i kap. 2, 3 og 4) analyseres eksempler på appropriering, systemer og bogobjekter. Afpersonalisering er som strategi ikke en homogen metode, men derimod en heterogen og individuel praksis, der spænder fra...

On the mixed discretization of the time domain magnetic field integral equation

KAUST Repository

Ulku, Huseyin Arda

2012-09-01

Time domain magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) is discretized using divergence-conforming Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) and curl-conforming Buffa-Christiansen (BC) functions as spatial basis and testing functions, respectively. The resulting mixed discretization scheme, unlike the classical scheme which uses RWG functions as both basis and testing functions, is proper: Testing functions belong to dual space of the basis functions. Numerical results demonstrate that the marching on-in-time (MOT) solution of the mixed discretized MFIE yields more accurate results than that of classically discretized MFIE. © 2012 IEEE.

25 years of service at CERN

CERN Multimedia

2014-01-01

The 28 staff members having achieved 25 years of service at CERN in 2014 were invited by the Director-General to a reception in their honour on 25 November 2014.       Alberto AIMAR IT   Patrick BERLINGHI  GS   Horst  BREUKER  PH   Paolo  CHIGGIATO  TE   Jorgen  CHRISTIANSEN PH   Ivan  DELOOSE  IT   Martine   DESNYDER-IVESDAL  PH   Laurent  DUCIMETIERE   TE   Bruno  DUPUY  BE   Alan James  FINDLAY  BE   Jean-Jacques   GRAS BE   Michael  HAUSCHILD PH   Erk  JENSEN  BE   Michael  LAMONT&...

#øresund og #greatercph på Twitter - Et første blik på den transnationale offentlighed i Øresundsregionen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Eberholst, Mads Kæmsgaard

2018-01-01

Dette studie anvender data fra Twitter, som er indsamlet gennem relevante hashtags og nøgleord over en periode på 17 måneder. Denne data analyseres med udgangspunkt i ORAN-modellen som foreslået af (Andreasen, Christiansen, & Eberholst, 2015) og diskuteres herefter i forhold til de teoretiske...... koncepter horisontal og vertikal europæisering (Koopmans & Erbe, 2004) kombineret med dagsordenteori (Mccombs & Shaw, 1972). Gennem dette framework gives et første blik på, hvordan en transnational ad hoc offentlighed (Bruns & Burgess, 2011) på Twitter i en Euro-region kan se ud i forhold til indhold...

Characterization of an Hfq dependent antisense sRNA in the Gram-positive human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Jesper Sejrup; Lei Kristensen, Lisbeth; Hanghøj Chrisitansen, Mie

between sRNA and target mRNA rely on the RNA chaperone Hfq. Hfq is a ubiquitous protein found in almost all genres of bacterial life. However, so far its role as an RNA chaperone has only been described in Gram-negative species such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella (Vogel, J. 2009). We previously...... identified several Hfq-binding sRNAs in the Gram-positive human pathogen L. monocytogenes (Christiansen et al 2006). Through bioinformatics, we have identified a number of candidate targets for one of these sRNAs (LhrA). Here, we present the characterization of one of these targets. Our results suggest...

Magnetogasdynamics of double radio sources

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nepveu, M.

1979-01-01

The magnetogasdynamical behaviour of plasmoids moving through an ambient gas is investigated numerically with a two-dimensional code, based on the SHASTA scheme. The astrophysical importance of this study lies in the observed extended extragalactic radio sources. It is assumed that plasma clouds with cylinder symmetry are ejected from the nucleus of a galaxy. Their large-scale evolution in the intergalactic medium (IGM) is followed. The gas dynamics of an ejected cloud, the magnetogasdynamics of ejected clouds, the Christiansen-Pacholczyk-Scott picture for radio galaxies and the shear layers in double radio sources are studied. (Auth.)

Swedes in trouble!

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Ask Vest

2011-01-01

in the EU context – that the ban is contrary to the free movement of goods and services within the Union. The argument from the EU that snus is harmful is blatantly hypocritical – a cigarette, anyone? The EU Tobacco Directive is presently being revised, and the Swedish government is on the case. We’ll know......, though, it only concerns oral tobacco products, primarily snus. A lot of people are rolling their eyes at this, among them Ask Vest Christiansen, who, from his position at the Department of Sport Science in Århus, keeps a watchful eye and a critical look at WADA’s many excesses. In a column...

Stabilité d'un écoulement miscible radial en milieu poreux : étude théorique et expérimentale Stabilitv of a Radial Miscible Flow in Porous Media: Theoretical and Experimental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bertin H.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Les instabilités de déplacements miscibles radiaux en milieu poreux dues à un contraste de mobilité sont étudiées de manière théorique et expérimentale. Dans une première partie, la mise au point d'un modèle numérique bidimensionnel permet la visualisation mathématique d'une configuration instable. A partir des équations aux perturbations linéarisées, l'étude nous permet d'évaluer l'influence de chacun des paramètres conditionnant la stabilité d'un tel écoulement. Ces résultats, dans la gamme des paramètres étudiés, nous permettent d'établir un critère d'instabilité. La deuxième partie, expérimentale, nous permet de visualiser, grâce à une méthode optique basée sur l'effet Christiansen, des instabilités dues au contraste de mobilité (développement notable de digitations. L'interprétation des résultats expérimentaux est comparée aux prédictions théoriques. The instabilities of radial miscible displacements in porous media due to a mobility contrast are examined theoretically and experimentally. The first part describes a two-dimensional numerical model used for the mathematical visualization of an unstable configuration. On the basis of linearized perturbation equations, we can evaluate the influence of each parameter governing the stability of the displacement. In the range of parameters investigated, these results enable an instability criterion to be established. The second part is experimental. An optical method based on the Christiansen effect is used to visualize instabilities due to mobility contrast (appreciable development of fingerings. The interpretation of the experimental results is compared to theoretical predictions.

IR spectroscopy of synthetic glasses with Mercury surface composition: Analogs for remote sensing

Science.gov (United States)

Morlok, Andreas; Klemme, Stephan; Weber, Iris; Stojic, Aleksandra; Sohn, Martin; Hiesinger, Harald

2017-11-01

In a study to provide ground-truth data for mid-infrared observations of the surface of Mercury with the MERTIS (Mercury Radiometer and Thermal Infrared Spectrometer) instrument onboard the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission, we have studied 17 synthetic glasses. These samples have the chemical compositions of characteristic Hermean surface areas based on MESSENGER data. The samples have been characterized using optical microscopy, EMPA and Raman spectroscopy. Mid-infrared spectra have been obtained from polished thin sections using Micro-FTIR, and of powdered size fractions of bulk material (0-25, 25-63, 93-125 and 125-250 μm) in the 2.5-18 μm range. The synthetic glasses display mostly spectra typical for amorphous materials with a dominating, single Reststrahlen Band (RB) at 9.5-10.7 μm. RB Features of crystalline forsterite are found in some cases at 9.5-10.2 μm, 10.4-11.2 μm, and at 11.9 μm. Dendritic crystallization starts at a MgO content higher than 23 wt.% MgO. The Reststrahlen Bands, Christiansen Features (CF), and Transparency Features (TF) shift depending on the SiO2 and MgO contents. Also a shift of the Christiansen Feature of the glasses compared with the SCFM (SiO2/(SiO2+CaO+FeO+MgO)) index is observed. This shift could potentially help distinguish crystalline and amorphous material in remote sensing data. A comparison between the degree of polymerization of the glass and the width of the characteristic strong silicate feature shows a weak positive correlation. A comparison with a high-quality mid-IR spectrum of Mercury shows some moderate similarity to the results of this study, but does not explain all features.

Anaphora in question-answer sessions in university ELF contexts.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thomas Wulstan Christiansen

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract - Identity chains (Hasan 1984 ˗ strings of co-referential noun phrases ˗ constitute a lesser researched area in the field of ELF, as has the more general area of cohesion (but see Hüttner 2009, Christiansen 2011. Following on the work on anaphora of such scholars as Reinhart (1983 and Cornish (1999, and on cohesion (e.g. Halliday and Hasan 1976, Halliday 2004, Christiansen (2009a/b, 2011 focuses on the link between text cohesion and discourse coherence. The interactive perspective of discourse (seen as the process of which text is the product: see Widdowson 1984: 100 is especially relevant to an ELF context of spontaneous spoken interaction. As Guido (2008 evidences, different inter-cultural concerns constitute a crucial dimension to the complex multi-code interaction. Consequently, the diverse ways in which speakers from different L1 backgrounds employ anaphors and construct identity chains are key elements in the co-construction of a dialogic text. In this case study, six extracts of transcripts taken from the VOICE corpus (2011 of conference question and answer sessions set in multicultural contexts are analysed qualitatively. The different ways that participants construct identity chains (e.g. whether they use full forms of various kinds or anaphoric pro-forms are classified. The analysis focuses on both how individual anaphors are resolved and how relations between anaphors and antecedent triggers are encoded, and how identity chains are constructed and organized individually. The objective is to identify which kinds of noun phrase (various subtypes of full and pro-forms are used by diverse groups of EFL speakers both in relation to their own contributions and to those of other speakers (with a threefold distinction made between the same turn of the same speaker, a different turn of the same speaker, and a different turn by a different speaker.

Explicit solution of Calderon preconditioned time domain integral equations

KAUST Repository

Ulku, Huseyin Arda

2013-07-01

An explicit marching on-in-time (MOT) scheme for solving Calderon-preconditioned time domain integral equations is proposed. The scheme uses Rao-Wilton-Glisson and Buffa-Christiansen functions to discretize the domain and range of the integral operators and a PE(CE)m type linear multistep to march on in time. Unlike its implicit counterpart, the proposed explicit solver requires the solution of an MOT system with a Gram matrix that is sparse and well-conditioned independent of the time step size. Numerical results demonstrate that the explicit solver maintains its accuracy and stability even when the time step size is chosen as large as that typically used by an implicit solver. © 2013 IEEE.

Lichenized and lichenicolous fungi from Greece collected by M. Skytte Christiansen, Svend Rungby and other Danish botanists

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Steen

2016-01-01

Seventy six taxa are reported from 20 localities in Greece. Six taxa are new to Atika (Caloplaca herbidella, Cladonia foliacea, C. subrangiformis, Fulgensia bracteata, Pertusaria amara and Ramalina fastigiata), one is new to the Saronikos Kolpos island Aigina (Cladonia foliacea), one is new...... to the NE Aegean island Lesvos (Umbilicaria spodochroa) and three and 21 taxa are new to the Dodekanisos islands of Kos and Rodos, respectively (Kos: Arthonia cf. punctiformis, Arthopyrenia punctiformis and Collema crispum var. metzleri; Rodos: Arthonia meridionalis, Aspicilia calcarea var. reagens, Bacidia...... incompta, B. laurocerasi, B. punica, Caloplaca aurantia, C. pyracea, Catillaria nigroclavata, Collema cristatum var. marginale, C. subnigrescens, Dirina massiliensis, Gyalecta truncigena, Lecanora horiza, Leptogium massiliense, Milospium graphideorum, Opegrapha celtidicola, Physcia adscendens, Rinodina...

Tv-nyheder fra hjemlandet – integration eller ghettoisering? Om transnationalisme og nyhedsforbrug

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Connie Carøe Christiansen

2001-09-01

Full Text Available Hvilken rolle spiller medierne i hverdagslivet blandt etniske minoriteter i Danmark? Lidt firkantet kan man spørge: er mennesker af anden etnisk oprindelse mere integrerede, når de foretrækker dansk produceret fjern- syn, end når de foretrækker oprindelseslandets tv? Kultursociologen Connie Carøe Christiansen har i denne artikel trukket nogle af pointerne op fra en undersøgelse, som Danmarks Radio bestilte hos Socialforsk- ningsinstituttet om netop nogle af ovenstående spørgsmål. Carøe, en af rapportens hovedforfattere, analyserer medieforbruget hos etniske mino- riteter i Danmark i lyset af diskussioner om multikulturalisme og social integration. Artiklen er således inspireret af diskussioner om transnationa- lisme og diaspora-identiteter.

PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI AIR KELAPA MUDA DENGAN PENGENCER SITRAT KUNING TELUR TERHADAP MOTILITAS DAN PERSENTASE HIDUP SPERMATOZOA ANJING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I Nyoman Sulabda

2012-11-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tender coconut water substitutionon egg yolk citrate diluent with different doses on local breeds dog sperm motility and livespermatozoa. Semen was manually collected. Progressive motility and percentage of livespermatozoa were evaluated under a microscope utilizing a drop of semen between awarmed glass slide and coverslip, both at a temperature of 38 0C. The percentage of motileand live spermatozoa were examined by counting 100 spermatozoa using the classificationof Christiansen (1984. Sperm viability was assessed by eosinnegrosin staining. The result showed that coconut water substitution has significant effect on the motility and livespermatozoa . Combination between the levels of coconut water in the egg yolk citratediluent could be applied as an alternative diligent instead of egg yolk diligent for dogsemen up to 75%.

Interactions between 59Fe(14C)EDTA and soils containing calcium carbonate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hargitai-Toth, A.; Konya, J.

1991-01-01

Interaction between FeEDTA and calcareous soils was followed over a period of four weeks using a radiotracer technique, and a kinetic evaluation of the results was performed. 59 Fe served to determine the quantity of iron, 14 C to assay for EDTA and 45 Ca to measure calcium. During the experiment, i.e. within four weeks in case of the chernozem soil 61% and in case of the clayey meadow soil 51% of the iron chelate disappeared from the solution. The loss in soluble iron was partly due to a rapid sorption process of about an hour and partly due to the slow decomposition of FeEDTA to Fe(OH) 3 . The two processes could be separated using the Christiansen equation. (author) 9 refs.; 1 figs.; 2 tabs

Nomads and Monads

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

van der Meijden, Peter Alexander

The dissertation describes and analyses Fluxus acivities in Germany, Denmark and Holland during the period 1962-66. Its protagonists are Tomas Schmit, Wolf Vostell and Joseph Beuys (Germany), Arthur Køpcke, Eric Andersen and Henning Christiansen (Denmark) and Willem de Ridder and Wim T. Schippers...... artists and being together as the result of a work of art. Both modes are defined with the help of the alternative organisational form that Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari describe in the Nomadology (1986) as the "War Machine". The word "infrastructure" in the subtitle of the dissertation refers...... to a general tendency in post-World War II art to create infrastructures - in the work of art as well as in other products (communal activity, book projects, various organisational forms) - that link artist and audience in a system of distribution and exchange....

Factors associated with inter-municipality differences in dental caries experience among Danish adolescents. An ecological study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ekstrand, K R; Christiansen, M E C; Qvist, V

2009-01-01

Ekstrand KR, Christiansen MEC, Qvist V, Ismail A. Factors associated with inter-municipality differences in dental caries experience among Danish adolescents. An ecological study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2009; 00: 000-000. (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract - Background: Caries...... in the water supply and DMF-S values diminished in both years at a level above 0.35 ppm. The structured interview disclosed that municipalities with significant improvement in mean DMFS from 1999 to 2004 had established goals and were committed to the prevention of dental caries at the individual level...... on children and adolescents in Denmark has declined significantly over the last 30 years. Our first analysis in 1999, however, disclosed huge inter-municipality disparities in mean DMFS values as well as in prevalence of caries on Danish children; that fluoride in the water supply and the length...

Drone Age Cinema

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Steen Ledet

such physical movements and responses through vectors, droning, kinetics, telesomatics and volatility and in so doing unveils new modes of perception that acclimatise us for warfare. Drawing on theories from film-philosophy and a consideration of the aesthetics and phenomenology of war, this is an innovative......At a time when technological advances are transforming cultures and supporting new automated military operations, action films engage the senses and, in doing so, allow viewers to embody combat roles. This book argues that through film the viewer adapts to an ecology of fear, one that reflects...... global panic at the near-constant threat of conflict and violence. Often overwhelming in its audiovisual assault, action cinema attempts to overpower our bodies with its own through force and intensity. In this book, Steen Ledet Christiansen identifies five aspects central to how action films produce...

Chiral fermions in asymptotically safe quantum gravity.

Science.gov (United States)

Meibohm, J; Pawlowski, J M

2016-01-01

We study the consistency of dynamical fermionic matter with the asymptotic safety scenario of quantum gravity using the functional renormalisation group. Since this scenario suggests strongly coupled quantum gravity in the UV, one expects gravity-induced fermion self-interactions at energies of the Planck scale. These could lead to chiral symmetry breaking at very high energies and thus to large fermion masses in the IR. The present analysis which is based on the previous works (Christiansen et al., Phys Rev D 92:121501, 2015; Meibohm et al., Phys Rev D 93:084035, 2016), concludes that gravity-induced chiral symmetry breaking at the Planck scale is avoided for a general class of NJL-type models. We find strong evidence that this feature is independent of the number of fermion fields. This finding suggests that the phase diagram for these models is topologically stable under the influence of gravitational interactions.

Prediction of low birth weight: the placental T2* estimated by MRI versus the uterine artery pulsatility index

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sinding, Marianne Munk; Peters, David Alberg; Frøkjær, Jens Brøndum

(MRI) variable T2* reflects the placental oxygenation and thereby placental function. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the performance of placental T2* in the prediction of low birth weight using the uterine artery (UtA) pulsatility index (PI) as gold standard. Methods: The study population......CONTROL ID: 2516296 ABSTRACT FINAL ID: P22.05 TITLE: Prediction of low birth weight: the placental T2* estimated by MRI versus the uterine artery pulsatility index AUTHORS (FIRST NAME, LAST NAME): Marianne Sinding1, David Peters2, Jens B. Frøkjær3, 4, Ole B. Christiansen1, 4, Astrid Petersen5...... had an EFW T2* was measured by MRI at 1.5T. A gradient recalled echo MRI sequence with readout at 16 echo times was used, and the placental T2* value was obtained by fitting the signal intensity as a function of the echo times...

Effects of different endocrine disruptor (EDC) mixtures on gene expression in neonatal rat brain regions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lichtensteiger, Walter; Bassetti-Gaille, Catherine; Faass, Oliver

2013-01-01

Sexual brain differentiation is a potential EDC target. It depends on a combination of estrogen receptor- and androgen receptor-mediated effects in males and on estrogens in females. It is not known how these processes are affected by real-world mixtures of EDCs. We investigated the effect of three...... EDC mixtures on gene expression in developing brain. Amix (8 anti-androgenic chemicals), Emix (4 estrogenic chemicals) and Tmix (Amix + Emix + paracetamol recently identified as anti-androgenic) were administered by oral gavage to rat dams from gestational day 7 until weaning, at doses corresponding...... to 450×, 200× and 100× high end human intakes (S. Christiansen et al., 2012. International Journal of Andrology 35, 303). At postnatal day 6, during the last part of sexual brain differentiation, exon microarray analyses were performed in medial preoptic area (MPO) in the highest dose group, and real...

Quadrupedal Robot Locomotion: A Biologically Inspired Approach and Its Hardware Implementation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Espinal

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A bioinspired locomotion system for a quadruped robot is presented. Locomotion is achieved by a spiking neural network (SNN that acts as a Central Pattern Generator (CPG producing different locomotion patterns represented by their raster plots. To generate these patterns, the SNN is configured with specific parameters (synaptic weights and topologies, which were estimated by a metaheuristic method based on Christiansen Grammar Evolution (CGE. The system has been implemented and validated on two robot platforms; firstly, we tested our system on a quadruped robot and, secondly, on a hexapod one. In this last one, we simulated the case where two legs of the hexapod were amputated and its locomotion mechanism has been changed. For the quadruped robot, the control is performed by the spiking neural network implemented on an Arduino board with 35% of resource usage. In the hexapod robot, we used Spartan 6 FPGA board with only 3% of resource usage. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed system in both cases.

Cohesion as interaction in ELF spoken discourse

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T. Christiansen

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Hitherto, most research into cohesion has concentrated on texts (usually written only in standard Native Speaker English – e.g. Halliday and Hasan (1976. By contrast, following on the work in anaphora of such scholars as Reinhart (1983 and Cornish (1999, Christiansen (2011 describes cohesion as an interac­tive process focusing on the link between text cohesion and discourse coherence. Such a consideration of cohesion from the perspective of discourse (i.e. the process of which text is the product -- Widdowson 1984, p. 100 is especially relevant within a lingua franca context as the issue of different variations of ELF and inter-cultural concerns (Guido 2008 add extra dimensions to the complex multi-code interaction. In this case study, six extracts of transcripts (approximately 1000 words each, taken from the VOICE corpus (2011 of conference question and answer sessions (spoken interaction set in multicultural university con­texts are analysed in depth by means of a qualitative method.

ERAST: Scientific Applications and Technology Commercialization

Science.gov (United States)

Hunley, John D. (Compiler); Kellogg, Yvonne (Compiler)

2000-01-01

This is a conference publication for an event designed to inform potential contractors and appropriate personnel in various scientific disciplines that the ERAST (Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology) vehicles have reached a certain level of maturity and are available to perform a variety of missions ranging from data gathering to telecommunications. There are multiple applications of the technology and a great many potential commercial and governmental markets. As high altitude platforms, the ERAST vehicles can gather data at higher resolution than satellites and can do so continuously, whereas satellites pass over a particular area only once each orbit. Formal addresses are given by Rich Christiansen, (Director of Programs, NASA Aerospace Technology Ent.), Larry Roeder, (Senior Policy Advisor, U.S. Dept. of State), and Dr. Marianne McCarthy, (DFRC Education Dept.). The Commercialization Workshop is chaired by Dale Tietz (President, New Vista International) and the Science Workshop is chaired by Steve Wegener, (Deputy Manager of NASA ERAST, NASA Ames Research Center.

New experimental device for high-temperature normal spectral emissivity measurements of coatings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Honnerová, Petra; Martan, Jiří; Kučera, Martin; Honner, Milan; Hameury, Jacques

2014-01-01

A new experimental device for normal spectral emissivity measurements of coatings in the infrared spectral range from 1.38 μm to 26 μm and in the temperature range from 550 K to 1250 K is presented. A Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) is used for the detection of sample and blackbody spectral radiation. Sample heating is achieved by a fiber laser with a scanning head. Surface temperature is measured by two methods. The first method uses an infrared camera and a reference coating with known effective emissivity, the second method is based on the combination of Christiansen wavelength with contact and noncontact surface temperature measurement. Application of the method is shown on the example of a high-temperature high-emissivity coating. Experimental results obtained with this apparatus are compared with the results performed by a direct method of Laboratoire National d’Essais (LNE) in France. The differences in the spectra are analyzed. (paper)

Absorption kinetics of two highly concentrated preparations of growth hormone: 12 IU/ml compared to 56 IU/ml

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Laursen, Torben; Susgaard, Søren; Jensen, Flemming Steen

1994-01-01

was to compare the relative bioavailability of two highly concentrated (12 IU/ml versus 56 IU/ml) formulations of biosynthetic human growth hormone administered subcutaneously. After pretreatment with growth hormone for at least four weeks, nine growth hormone deficient patients with a mean age of 26.2 years......AbstractSend to: Pharmacol Toxicol. 1994 Jan;74(1):54-7. Absorption kinetics of two highly concentrated preparations of growth hormone: 12 IU/ml compared to 56 IU/ml. Laursen T1, Susgaard S, Jensen FS, Jørgensen JO, Christiansen JS. Author information Abstract The purpose of this study...... (range 17-43) were studied two times in a randomized design, the two studies being separated by at least one week. At the start of each study period (7 p.m.), growth hormone was injected subcutaneously in a dosage of 3 IU/m2. The 12 IU/ml preparation of growth hormone was administered on one occasion...

A generic coordinate system and a set of generic variables for MFE database

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miner, W.H. Jr.; Ross, D.W.; Solano, E.R.; Valanju, P.M.; Wiley, J.C.

1993-01-01

Over the last several years, profile data from nine different tokamaks have been stored in the magnetic fusion energy database (MFEDB). These data sets have come from a variety of sources and most are given in different coordinate systems. In order to attempt any intermachine analysis, it is convenient to transform these data sets into one generic coordinate system and to choose a uniform set of variable names. The authors describe the data sets from each tokamak indicating the source of the data and the coordinate system in which it is given. Next, they discuss the generic coordinate that has been adopted and show how it is implemented for each tokamak. Finally, the generic naming convention that has been adopted is discussed. It follows closely that which was used by Christiansen et al. for the ITER Global Energy Confinement H-Mode Database. For further clarification, they discuss the characteristics of the magnetic geometry given a Fourier representation of the magnetic equilibria

Collembola of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) with descriptions of five endemic cave-restricted species.

Science.gov (United States)

Bernard, Ernest C; Soto-Adames, Felipe N; Wynne, J Judson

2015-04-24

Eight species of Collembola are reported from recent collections made in caves on the Polynesian island of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). Five of these species are new to science and apparently endemic to the island: Coecobrya aitorererere n. sp., Cyphoderus manuneru n. sp., Entomobrya manuhoko n. sp., Pseudosinella hahoteana n. sp. and Seira manukio n. sp. The Hawaiian species Lepidocyrtus olena Christiansen & Bellinger and the cosmopolitan species Folsomia candida Willem also were collected from one or more caves. Coecobrya kennethi Jordana & Baquero, recently described from Rapa Nui and identified as endemic, was collected in sympatric association with C. aitorererere n.sp. With the exception of F. candida, all species are endemic to Rapa Nui or greater Polynesia and appear to be restricted to the cave environment on Rapa Nui. A key is provided to separate Collembola species reported from Rapa Nui. We provide recommendations to aid in the conservation and management of these new Collembola, as well as the other presumed cave-restricted arthropods.

Værdiladninger og intolerance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lægaard, Sune

2013-01-01

I Bøger den 21. juni tilslutter Anna Libak sig Morten Messerschmidts kritik af, at samfundsforskerne Peter Munk Christiansen og Asbjørn Sonne Nørgaard i en undervisningsbog kategoriserer Dansk Folkeparti (DF) som ”intolerant”. Lige som Messerschmidt hævder Libak, at ordet ”intolerant” er negativt...... værdiladet, hvorfor anvendelsen af det i kategorisering af politiske partier ikke kan være videnskabelig, men er indoktrinering af gymnasieelever. Selv om Messerschmidt og Libak har ret i, at ord som ”tolerant” og ”intolerant” kan bruges og forstås som indeholdende værdidomme, så er det forkert, at ordet...... ”intolerant” ER en negativ værdidom. At et ord kan bruges værdiladet, betyder ikke, at ordets mening udelukkende består i en værdidom. Det samme gælder jo for rigtig mange andre ord – f.eks. kan ord som ”akademisk” og ”journalistisk” bruges som værdidomme. Det betyder ikke, at de ikke har et ikke...

Scalar Relativistic Study of the Structure of Rhodium Acetate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emily E. Edwards

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Rhodium acetate, related rhodium carboxylates, and rhodium amide complexes are powerful catalysts for carbene chemistry. They readily promote the decomposition of diazo compounds and transfer the resulting carbene to a variety of substrates. There have been several quantum chemistry studies of these compounds, particularly of the acetate. These have all used non-relativistic methods, and all have shown optimized Rh-Rh bond lengths significantly longer than the experimental value. In this study we have surveyed several scalar relativistic DFT methods using Gaussian, Slater, and numerical basis functions (in DGAUSS, ADF, and DMOL3. Several combinations of exchange-correlation functionals with relativistic and non-relativistic effective core potentials (ECP were investigated, as were non-relativistic and all electron scalar relativistic methods. The combination of the PW91 exchange and PW91 correlation functional with the Christiansen-Ermler ECP gave the best results: 2.3918 Å compared to the experimental value of 2.3855±0.0005 Å.

Magnetic fields in Earth-like exoplanets and implications for habitability around M-dwarfs.

Science.gov (United States)

López-Morales, Mercedes; Gómez-Pérez, Natalia; Ruedas, Thomas

2011-12-01

We present estimations of dipolar magnetic moments for terrestrial exoplanets using the Olson & Christiansen (EPS Lett 250:561-571, 2006) scaling law and assuming their interior structure is similar to Earth. We find that the dipolar moment of fast rotating planets (where the Coriolis force dominates convection in the core), may amount up to ~80 times the magnetic moment of Earth, M ⊕, for at least part of the planets' lifetime. For slow rotating planets (where the force of inertia dominates), the dipolar magnetic moment only reaches up to ~1.5 M [symbol in text]. Applying our calculations to confirmed rocky exoplanets, we find that CoRoT-7b, Kepler-10b and 55 Cnc e can sustain dynamos up to ~18, 15 and 13 M [symbol in text], respectively. Our results also indicate that the magnetic moment of rocky exoplanets not only depends on rotation rate, but also on their formation history, thermal state, age, composition, and the geometry of the field. These results apply to all rocky planets, but have important implications for the particular case of planets in the Habitable Zone of M-dwarfs.

Applications of anomalous diffraction systems, generation of attosecond electron and photon pulses and Raman amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

Science.gov (United States)

Vartak, Sameer Dinkar

1998-10-01

Anomalous diffraction is scattering process due to phase distortion introduced on incident phase front by scattering object. Phase mask or hologram, Christiansen filter, PDLC are examples of an anomalously diffracting systems. Phase hologram modulates an input wavefront to produce a wavefront which when Fourier transformed using a converging lens gives desired image on to a screen. We made a nonlinear optical element using phase mask made up of nonlinear material. It forms a lens because of nonlinear index of refraction when a high intensity beam is incident. This lens Fourier transforms the phase mask and images the phase mask. This nonlinear optical element can be used for various applications like image gating and 3-D memory writing and read out. Christiansen filter (CF) is a two component scattering system whose dispersion curves intersect at certain wavelength. Thus light corresponding to this wavelength traverses the filter without any scattering and light at other wavelengths gets scattered. This results in narrow wavelength dependent transmission curve centered at the index matching wavelength. When materials with an intensity dependent refractive index are used to make a CF, the index matching condition of CF becomes function of the input intensity resulting in intensity dependent beam size and transmittance through the filter. This property of nonlinear CF can be used to switch beam optically in both self and cross-modulation modes. Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) is dispersion of liquid crystal droplets in polymer whose index of refraction is same as ordinary refractive index of liquid crystal. PDLC shows voltage dependent scattering and are used in flat panel displays. We used this element as voltage controlled intracavity loss element in a laser cavity to make a lasing pixel projection display. Output of this pixel shows all desired properties for a projection display like narrow linewidth, high brightness, TTL switching compatibility and

Kepler Planet Detection Metrics: Pixel-Level Transit Injection Tests of Pipeline Detection Efficiency for Data Release 25

Science.gov (United States)

Christiansen, Jessie L.

2017-01-01

This document describes the results of the fourth pixel-level transit injection experiment, which was designed to measure the detection efficiency of both the Kepler pipeline (Jenkins 2002, 2010; Jenkins et al. 2017) and the Robovetter (Coughlin 2017). Previous transit injection experiments are described in Christiansen et al. (2013, 2015a,b, 2016).In order to calculate planet occurrence rates using a given Kepler planet catalogue, produced with a given version of the Kepler pipeline, we need to know the detection efficiency of that pipeline. This can be empirically determined by injecting a suite of simulated transit signals into the Kepler data, processing the data through the pipeline, and examining the distribution of successfully recovered transits. This document describes the results for the pixel-level transit injection experiment performed to accompany the final Q1-Q17 Data Release 25 (DR25) catalogue (Thompson et al. 2017)of the Kepler Objects of Interest. The catalogue was generated using the SOC pipeline version 9.3 and the DR25 Robovetter acting on the uniformly processed Q1-Q17 DR25 light curves (Thompson et al. 2016a) and assuming the Q1-Q17 DR25 Kepler stellar properties (Mathur et al. 2017).

A space-time mixed galerkin marching-on-in-time scheme for the time-domain combined field integral equation

KAUST Repository

Beghein, Yves

2013-03-01

The time domain combined field integral equation (TD-CFIE), which is constructed from a weighted sum of the time domain electric and magnetic field integral equations (TD-EFIE and TD-MFIE) for analyzing transient scattering from closed perfect electrically conducting bodies, is free from spurious resonances. The standard marching-on-in-time technique for discretizing the TD-CFIE uses Galerkin and collocation schemes in space and time, respectively. Unfortunately, the standard scheme is theoretically not well understood: stability and convergence have been proven for only one class of space-time Galerkin discretizations. Moreover, existing discretization schemes are nonconforming, i.e., the TD-MFIE contribution is tested with divergence conforming functions instead of curl conforming functions. We therefore introduce a novel space-time mixed Galerkin discretization for the TD-CFIE. A family of temporal basis and testing functions with arbitrary order is introduced. It is explained how the corresponding interactions can be computed efficiently by existing collocation-in-time codes. The spatial mixed discretization is made fully conforming and consistent by leveraging both Rao-Wilton-Glisson and Buffa-Christiansen basis functions and by applying the appropriate bi-orthogonalization procedures. The combination of both techniques is essential when high accuracy over a broad frequency band is required. © 2012 IEEE.

Extending and Characterizing an Exoplanet System in a Pristine Chain of Resonances

Science.gov (United States)

Christiansen, Jessie; Gorjian, Varoujan; Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin; Livingston, John; Dressing, Courtney; Barclay, Thomas; Lintott, Chris; Ciardi, David; Barentson, Geert; Kristiansen, Martti; Crossfield, Ian; Benneke, Bjorn; Howard, Andrew

2018-01-01

The K2-138 (EPIC 245950175; 2MASS J23154776-1050590) exoplanet system was recently identified in the K2 mission campaign 12 data (Christiansen et al. 2018). The moderately bright (K=10.3) K1V star hosts at least five sub-Neptune planets (1.6-3.3 Re) in a compact configuration, all with periods shorter than 13 days. The five confirmed planets in the system form an unbroken chain of near first-order mean motion resonances, with each successive pair of planets having close to a 3:2 commensurability; this is the longest such chain as yet discovered. The K2 data contain two additional transits which, if confirmed as due to a sixth planet, could extend the chain even further. Due to the proximity of the K2-138 planets to mean motion resonances, it is an ideal target to search for transit timing variations (TTVs). In order to further both of these time-critical and important science cases, we propose for DDT time to capture a third transit of the candidate sixth planet, and also observe a chance nearby cluster of three transits of planets b, c, and d. (12hr for the 6th planet was approved.)

Spitzer IRS (8-30 micron) Spectra of Basaltic Asteroids 1459 Magnya and 956 Elisa: Mineralogy and Thermal Properties

Science.gov (United States)

Lim, Lucy F.; Emery, J. P.; Moskovitz, N. A.

2009-01-01

We report preliminary results from Spitzer IRS (Infrared Spectrograph) spectroscopy of 956 Elisa, 1459 Magnya, and other small basaltic asteroids with the Spitzer IRS. Program targets include members of the dynamical family of the unique large differentiated asteroid 4 Vesta ("Vestoids"), several outer-main-belt basaltic asteroids whose orbits exclude them from originating on 4 Vesta, and the basaltic near-Earth asteroid 4055 Magellan. The preliminary thermal model (STM) fit to the 5--35 micron spectrum of 956 Elisa gives a radius of 5.4 +/- 0.3 km and a subsolar- point temperature of 282.2 +/- 0.5 K. This temperature corresponds to eta approximately equals 1.06 +/- 0.02, which is substantially higher than the eta approximately equals 0.756 characteristic of large main-belt asteroids. Unlike 4 Vesta and other large asteroids, therefore, 956 Elisa has significant thermal inertia in its surface layer. The wavelength of the Christiansen feature (emissivity maximum near 9 micron), the positions and shapes of the narrow maxima (10 micron, 11 micron) within the broad 9--14 micron silicate band, and the 19--20 micron minimum are consistent with features found in the laboratory spectra of diogenites and of low-Ca pyroxenes of similar composition (Wo<5, En50-En75).

Portfolio langagier : Les finissants des programmes d’immersion se révèlent

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Lucille Mandin

2010-02-01

Full Text Available This article presents a research conducted with French Immersion graduates in the context of an introductory language methodology course in a francophone institution. The participants completed a language portfolio, created by Laplante & Christiansen (2001. The portfolio consisted of a two-page autobiographical narrative entitled 'My Life in French till now', an action plan which included an analysis of the errors they identified as targets for that semester and the means or the tools they chose to correct the errors. An analysis of the autobiographical narrative, a document written by the individual participants, stemming from their life experiences since they were exposed to the French language, is presented. The narrative is inspired by the values they have developed and the choices they have made concerning learning French (Baumeister, 1991; Kenyon, 1999. This study also presents a profile of significant experiences these French Immersion graduates identify as pivotal in their motivation to pursue their postsecondary studies in French. They also highlight teachers, friends and family who played an important role during 'their lives in French' till now. In their action plan, the students identified categories of linguistic challenges in areas such as semantics, syntax and phonology. These results shed light on questions pertaining to best practices in French Immersion programs.

Simulação da uniformidade da irrigação de sistemas convencionais de aspersão operando sob diferentes condições de vento Water application uniformity simulation of solid set sprinkler systems operating under different wind conditions

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Lessandro C. Faria

2009-03-01

Full Text Available A uniformidade de aplicação de água é um importante fator a ser considerado na avaliação dos sistemas de irrigação por aspersão. A uniformidade em sistemas convencionais de aspersão depende de fatores como: o tipo de aspersor e suas condições operacionais, a disposição e o espaçamento entre aspersores no campo, e a velocidade e a direção do vento durante o período de aplicação de água. Tendo em visa que as complexas relações entre esses fatores e a uniformidade podem ser caracterizadas de forma mais eficiente com o auxílio da modelagem matemática, neste estudo, foram avaliadas simulações, fornecidas pelo modelo semiempírico de RICHARDS & WEATHERHEAD (1993, da distribuição espacial da água aplicada pelo canhão PLONA-RL250, operando sob diferentes condições de vento. Valores de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC, obtidos com dados de ensaios de campo e em simulações digitais, foram comparados, mostrando-se, por meio de diversos índices (R² = 0,73; desvio absoluto médio de 4,1% e índice de desempenho de 0,78, que o modelo semiempírico avaliado fornece estimativas adequadas do CUC de sistemas convencionais de irrigação. Demonstra-se que a modelagem matemática permite reduzir o esforço e o tempo requeridos em trabalhos de campo envolvendo a avaliação da distribuição de água de canhões hidráulicos operando sob condições de vento.The water application uniformity is an important factor to be considered on the sprinkler irrigation system evaluation. Solid set sprinkler system water application uniformity depends on factors such as: sprinkler type and its operational conditions, sprinkler disposition and spacing on the field, and wind velocity and direction during water application periods. Considering that the complex relationships among these factors and uniformity are more efficiently characterized by employing mathematical modeling, this study aimed to evaluate simulations, provided by the RICHARDS

Variáveis climáticas e o desempenho de um pivô central, em Cristalina Goiás Climatic variables and performance of center pivot at Cristalina, Goiás, Brazil

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William Evangelista

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o desempenho de um pivô central em função da velocidade do vento (VV, umidade relativa do ar (UR e temperatura média do ar (T e estabelecer um modelo estatístico para estimativa da eficiência de aplicação da água em função dessas variáveis independentes. Dados foram coletados nos períodos da manhã e tarde, em três épocas do ano (12 e 13/08/05; 22 e 23/09/05 e 27 e 28/10/05, considerando-se duas velocidades de deslocamento do equipamento, 50 e 100%. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso para o fator velocidade do pivô com o fator época do ano em subparcelas e se considerando o período do dia como repetição. A pressão média no final da linha lateral foi de 137,3 kPa e próxima ao valor previsto pelo fabricante, ou seja, de 127,5 kPa. A lâmina média aplicada foi de 12 e de 5,7 mm para as velocidades de 50 e 100%, respectivamente. Os coeficientes de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC calculados resultaram em valores considerados, na literatura, aceitáveis. As lâminas médias coletadas no período da manhã foram maiores que as coletadas no período da tarde. As variáveis independentes VV, T e UR, influenciaram o valor da eficiência de aplicação.This research aimed to evaluate center pivot performance as a function of wind speed (VV, relative humidity of air (UR and mean air temperature (T and establish a stochastic model to estimate application efficiency as a function of these independent variables. Data were collected, during the morning and the afternoon period, and during three times of the year (August, 12 and 13; September, 22 and 23; and October, 27 and 28, 2005, considering two speeds of outer driver unit (50 and 100%. A randomized block design was used for factor speed of outer driver with factor time of the year as a split plot of factor speed, and considering period of the day as replication. The mean pressure head at the end of the lateral was 137.3 k

Reúso de águas residuárias da piscicultura e da suinocultura na irrigação da cultura da alface Reuse of wastewater from swine and fish activities in the lettuce culture

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Dirceu Baumgartner

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento, a produção e a qualidade sanitária da cultura da alface irrigada com águas residuárias originadas da suinocultura e da piscicultura. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: T1 - alface irrigada com água de origem subterrânea e adubação suplementar; T2 - alface irrigada com água residuária de viveiro de peixes alimentados com ração; T3 - alface irrigada com água residuária originária de lagoa de estabilização de dejetos de suínos, e T4 - água de lagoa de cultivo de algas, alimentada com resíduo de biodigestor de dejeto de suíno. Os tratamentos não apresentaram diferenças significativas para altura da alface, diâmetro da cabeça, comprimento da raiz, massa da raiz, massa total da planta, massa fresca e massa seca; os tratamentos T4 e T2 apresentaram os maiores valores para comprimento da maior folha e número de folhas, respectivamente; em geral, as análises foliares e a extração de macro e micronutrientes pela cultura não apresentaram diferenças significativas; ocorreu contaminação de coliformes fecais e totais em todos os tratamentos; não ocorreu contaminação de Escherichia coli em todos os tratamentos; todos os Coeficientes de Uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC encontrados foram acima de 85%, exceto para o tratamento T3 que foi de 74,05%; ocorreram alterações químicas no solo proporcionais às características das águas utilizadas nos respectivos tratamentos.The objective of this work was to evaluate development, production and sanitary quality of the irrigated lettuce with wastewater from fish and swine activities. The evaluated treatments was: T1 - lettuce irrigated with water from underground origin and supplemental fertilization; T2 - lettuce irrigated with wastewater from fish activities and fish fed with ration; T3 - lettuce irrigated with wastewater from swine treated in stabilization lagoon; and T4 - lettuce irrigated with effluent from seaweed

Thermodynamic characterization of tandem mismatches found in naturally occurring RNA

Science.gov (United States)

Christiansen, Martha E.; Znosko, Brent M.

2009-01-01

Although all sequence symmetric tandem mismatches and some sequence asymmetric tandem mismatches have been thermodynamically characterized and a model has been proposed to predict the stability of previously unmeasured sequence asymmetric tandem mismatches [Christiansen,M.E. and Znosko,B.M. (2008) Biochemistry, 47, 4329–4336], experimental thermodynamic data for frequently occurring tandem mismatches is lacking. Since experimental data is preferred over a predictive model, the thermodynamic parameters for 25 frequently occurring tandem mismatches were determined. These new experimental values, on average, are 1.0 kcal/mol different from the values predicted for these mismatches using the previous model. The data for the sequence asymmetric tandem mismatches reported here were then combined with the data for 72 sequence asymmetric tandem mismatches that were published previously, and the parameters used to predict the thermodynamics of previously unmeasured sequence asymmetric tandem mismatches were updated. The average absolute difference between the measured values and the values predicted using these updated parameters is 0.5 kcal/mol. This updated model improves the prediction for tandem mismatches that were predicted rather poorly by the previous model. This new experimental data and updated predictive model allow for more accurate calculations of the free energy of RNA duplexes containing tandem mismatches, and, furthermore, should allow for improved prediction of secondary structure from sequence. PMID:19509311

DESEMPENHO SISTEMA DE IRRIGAÇÃO FIXA EM MICROASPERSOR DE ALTA VAZÃO PARA CONDIÇÕES DO NORTE DO ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO

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Jean Karlos Barros Galote

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Advento das mudanças climáticas, a escassez hídrica torna-se fator de risco para agricultura, responsável pela retirada de 70% da água doce dos mananciais. A fim de minimizar os desperdícios, buscam-se sistemas de irrigação eficientes bem manejados. Uma forma de verifica a eficiência de um sistema de irrigação é por meio da avaliação da uniformidade de aplicação de água. O coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC é uma ferramenta eficiente e bastante utilizada. A fim de avaliar o desempenho de um sistema de irrigação fixa em microaspersor de alta vazão, para as condições climáticas do norte do Espírito Santo, avaliou-se o CUC para o sistema de irrigação operando sobre as pressões de serviço de 155, 207, 258 e 310 kPa, em diferentes horários (04h00min, 12h00min, e 21h00min no período de setembro de 2015 a julho de 2016, compreendendo a estações secas e chuvosas. O CUC variou de 77,4 a 93,5% em virtude do horário e pressão utilizada.

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RISCK AREAS IN PETRÓPOLIS - A CASE STUDY OF THE LOPES TROVÃO COMMUNITY

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Stella Peres Mendes

2005-05-01

Full Text Available Nature models the environment, provoking several physical processes as massmovements, erosion and sedimentation. Human action tends to intensify and accelerateenvironmental impacts, that become harmful to society, causing accidents that, depending onthe intensity, can cause tragedies.Mass movements are one of the processes that can cause more damages to the physicalenvironment and to society. According to Hamblin and Christiansen (1998, mass movementsinclude all types of collapses on the slopes. There are several types of mass movements, butlandslides are the most important ones, because it possess several condition factors and areevents that cause more problems to society.The increase of the urbanization Rio de Janeiro State causes the occupation of theslopes in an irregular and disordered way, resulting settlement, considerable environmentalimpacts on the controlling factors of the natural processes, causing other impacts, such asmass movements, that degrade not only the landscape, as well as people's life (Oliveira,2000.Some authors call the attention to the fact that the environmental degradation is, bydefinition, a social problem (Blaike and Brookfield, 1987. Some environmental processes, asleaching, erosion, mass movements and floods can happen with or without the humanintervention. In this way, characterizing physical processes, as environmental degradation, isto take into consideration social approaches that relate land use, or at least, with the potentialof several use types (Cunha and Guerra, 2003.

Estimation of lunar FeO abundance based on imaging by LRO Diviner

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tang, Xiao; Zhang, Xue-Wei; Chen, Yuan; Zhang, Xiao-Meng; Cai, Wei; Wu, Yun-Zhao; Luo, Xiao-Xing; Jiang, Yun; Xu, Ao-Ao; Wang, Zhen-Chao

2016-01-01

Understanding the abundance and distribution characteristics of FeO on the surface of the Moon is important for investigating its evolution. The current high resolution maps of the global FeO abundance are mostly produced with visible and near infrared reflectance spectra. The Christiansen Feature (CF) in mid-infrared has strong sensitivity to lunar minerals and correlates to major elements composing minerals. This paper investigates the possibility of mapping global FeO abundance using the CF values from the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) mission. A high correlation between the CF values and FeO abundances from the Apollo samples was found. Based on this high correlation, a new global map (±60°) of FeO was produced using the CF map. The results show that the global FeO average is 8.2 wt.%, the highland average is 4.7 wt.%, the global modal abundance is 5.4 wt.% and the lunar mare mode is 15.7 wt.%. These results are close to those derived from data provided by Clementine, the Lunar Prospector Gamma Ray Spectrometer (LP-GRS) and the Chang'e-1 Interference Imaging Spectrometer (IIM), demonstrating the feasibility of estimating FeO abundance based on the Diviner CF data. The near global FeO abundance map shows an enrichment of lunar major elements. (paper)

Introduction to the special issue: parsimony and redundancy in models of language.

Science.gov (United States)

Wiechmann, Daniel; Kerz, Elma; Snider, Neal; Jaeger, T Florian

2013-09-01

One of the most fundamental goals in linguistic theory is to understand the nature of linguistic knowledge, that is, the representations and mechanisms that figure in a cognitively plausible model of human language-processing. The past 50 years have witnessed the development and refinement of various theories about what kind of 'stuff' human knowledge of language consists of, and technological advances now permit the development of increasingly sophisticated computational models implementing key assumptions of different theories from both rationalist and empiricist perspectives. The present special issue does not aim to present or discuss the arguments for and against the two epistemological stances or discuss evidence that supports either of them (cf. Bod, Hay, & Jannedy, 2003; Christiansen & Chater, 2008; Hauser, Chomsky, & Fitch, 2002; Oaksford & Chater, 2007; O'Donnell, Hauser, & Fitch, 2005). Rather, the research presented in this issue, which we label usage-based here, conceives of linguistic knowledge as being induced from experience. According to the strongest of such accounts, the acquisition and processing of language can be explained with reference to general cognitive mechanisms alone (rather than with reference to innate language-specific mechanisms). Defined in these terms, usage-based approaches encompass approaches referred to as experience-based, performance-based and/or emergentist approaches (Amrnon & Snider, 2010; Bannard, Lieven, & Tomasello, 2009; Bannard & Matthews, 2008; Chater & Manning, 2006; Clark & Lappin, 2010; Gerken, Wilson, & Lewis, 2005; Gomez, 2002;

Calibration of VIIRS F1 Sensor Fire Detection Band Using lunar Observations

Science.gov (United States)

McIntire, Jeff; Efremova, Boryana; Xiong, Xiaoxiong

2012-01-01

Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Fight 1 (Fl) sensor includes a fire detection band at roughly 4 microns. This spectral band has two gain states; fire detection occurs in the low gain state above approximately 345 K. The thermal bands normally utilize an on-board blackbody to provide on-orbit calibration. However, as the maximum temperature of this blackbody is 315 K, the low gain state of the 4 micron band cannot be calibrated in the same manner as the rest of the thermal bands. Regular observations of the moon provide an alternative calibration source. The lunar surface temperature has been recently mapped by the DIVINER sensor on the LRO platform. The periodic on-board high gain calibration along with the DIVINER surface temperatures was used to determine the emissivity and solar reflectance of the lunar surface at 4 microns; these factors and the lunar data are then used to fit the low gain calibration coefficients of the 4 micron band. Furthermore, the emissivity of the lunar surface is well known near 8.5 microns due to the Christiansen feature (an emissivity maximum associated with Si-O stretching vibrations) and the solar reflectance is negligible. Thus, the 8.5 micron band is used for relative calibration with the 4 micron band to de-trend any temporal variations. In addition, the remaining thermal bands are analyzed in a similar fashion, with both calculated emissivities and solar reflectances produced.

Strategy development for anticipating and handling a disruptive technology.

Science.gov (United States)

Chan, Stephen

2006-10-01

The profession of radiology has greatly benefited from the introduction of new imaging technologies throughout its history. Therefore, it would seem reasonable for radiologists to believe that the emergence of a new imaging technology can generally be foreseen with sufficient advance notice to allow the appropriate levels of time, effort, and money to be devoted toward incorporating it into radiology practice. However, in his seminal work, Christiansen characterized a new form of technologic innovation, known as "disruptive technology," whose emergence often heralds the replacement of market leaders in an industry by competitors who are quicker in adopting and deploying the new technology. This article briefly describes the phenomenon of disruptive technology and addresses the challenges that organizations face in dealing with disruptive technology. The article raises 4 questions about the future of radiology: (1) Are health care and radiology vulnerable to disruptive technology? (2) What kinds of change may be in store for the radiology profession? (3) Can the radiology profession prepare itself to recognize and respond to a disruptive innovation among a group of new imaging technologies? and (4) How should a radiology organization decide whether to invest significant resources in a potentially disruptive technology? This article addresses these questions by reviewing key insights from leading "gurus" in the fields of competitive strategy and technology management and applying them to radiology. This illustrates how and why (despite past successes) the radiology profession may still have a blind spot in recognizing and handling disruptive technologies.

Anesthetic keratopathy presenting as bilateral Mooren-like ulcers

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Khakshoor H

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Hamid Khakshoor,1 Majid Moshirfar,2 Rachel G Simpson,3 Hamid Gharaee,1 Amir H Vejdani,1 Steven M Christiansen,2 Jason N Edmonds,2 Nicholas L Behunin21Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Mashad, Iran; 2John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 3The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USAAbstract: This observational case report describes the development of bilateral Mooren-like ulcers in a patient with anesthetic keratopathy. A 42-year-old man with a recent history of minor eye trauma and pain self-treated with tetracaine eye drops presented with complaints of acutely worsening vision and severe pain bilaterally. His visual acuity at presentation was limited to hand motion. Slit-lamp examination revealed bilateral epithelial defects at the center of the cornea, and an area of stromal infiltration and thinning with an undermining leading edge resembling a Mooren's ulcer in both eyes. Corneal haze and hypopyon were visible. Anesthetic use was halted immediately and the patient was started on prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept®, after which visual acuity gradually improved and pain decreased. Despite improvement of symptoms, residual epithelial defects remained, and the patient was ultimately treated with keratoplasty for recovery of vision. We suggest that anesthetic keratopathy should be included in the differential diagnosis for any patient presenting with ring-shaped stromal infiltrates or nonhealing epithelial defects.Keywords: anesthetic abuse, corneal damage, corneal ulceration

Identifying a typology of men who use anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS).

Science.gov (United States)

Zahnow, Renee; McVeigh, Jim; Bates, Geoff; Hope, Vivian; Kean, Joseph; Campbell, John; Smith, Josie

2018-05-01

Despite recognition that the Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) using population is diverse, empirical studies to develop theories to conceptualise this variance in use have been limited. In this study, using cluster analysis and multinomial logistic regression, we identify typologies of people who use AAS and examine variations in motivations for AAS use across types in a sample of 611 men who use AAS. The cluster analysis identified four groups in the data with different risk profiles. These groups largely reflect the ideal types of people who use AAS proposed by Christiansen et al. (2016): Cluster 1 (You Only Live Once (YOLO) type, n = 68, 11.1%) were younger and motivated by fat loss; Cluster 2 (Well-being type, n = 236, 38.6%) were concerned with getting fit; Cluster 3 (Athlete type, n = 155, 25.4%) were motivated by muscle and strength gains; Cluster 4 (Expert type, n = 152, 24.9%) were focused on specific goals (i.e. not 'getting fit'). The results of this study demonstrate the need to make information about AAS accessible to the general population and to inform health service providers about variations in motivations and associated risk behaviours. Attention should also be given to ensuring existing harm minimisation services are equipped to disseminate information about safe intra-muscular injecting and ensuring needle disposal sites are accessible to the different types. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of methods for measuring relative permeability of anhydride from the Salado Formation: Sensitivity analysis and data reduction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Christiansen, R.L.; Kalbus, J.S.

1997-05-01

This report documents, demonstrates, evaluates, and provides theoretical justification for methods used to convert experimental data into relative permeability relationships. The report facilities accurate determination of relative permeabilities of anhydride rock samples from the Salado Formation at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Relative permeability characteristic curves are necessary for WIPP Performance Assessment (PA) predictions of the potential for flow of waste-generated gas from the repository and brine flow into repository. This report follows Christiansen and Howarth (1995), a comprehensive literature review of methods for measuring relative permeability. It focuses on unsteady-state experiments and describes five methods for obtaining relative permeability relationships from unsteady-state experiments. Unsteady-state experimental methods were recommended for relative permeability measurements of low-permeability anhydrite rock samples form the Salado Formation because these tests produce accurate relative permeability information and take significantly less time to complete than steady-state tests. Five methods for obtaining relative permeability relationships from unsteady-state experiments are described: the Welge method, the Johnson-Bossler-Naumann method, the Jones-Roszelle method, the Ramakrishnan-Cappiello method, and the Hagoort method. A summary, an example of the calculations, and a theoretical justification are provided for each of the five methods. Displacements in porous media are numerically simulated for the calculation examples. The simulated product data were processed using the methods, and the relative permeabilities obtained were compared with those input to the numerical model. A variety of operating conditions were simulated to show sensitivity of production behavior to rock-fluid properties

A Revised Clinopyroxene-Liquid Geothermometer for Silicic Igneous Systems with Applications to Diffusion Chronometry of the Scaup Lake Rhyolite, Yellowstone Caldera, WY

Science.gov (United States)

Brugman, K. K.; Till, C. B.

2017-12-01

Eruption of the Scaup Lake Rhyolite (SCL) ended 220,000 years of dormancy at Yellowstone caldera and initiated the volcano's youngest sequence of eruptions [Christiansen et al., USGS, 2007]. SCL contains 14% phenocrysts (e.g., feldspar, quartz, pyroxene, zircon, Fe-Ti oxides) which exhibit disequilbrium textures that indicate multiple rejuvenation events occurred shortly before eruption. Our previous work using NanoSIMS elemental concentration profiles from clinopyroxene (cpx) intracrystalline zone boundaries as a diffusion dating tool supported our hypothesis that different minerals may not record the same series of pre-eruptive events, with the cpx rims recording older magmatic events (100s of years prior to eruption [Brugman et al., AGU, 2016]) relative to the sanidine rims (historical experimental data, and thus has not been included in existing cpx and cpx-liquid geothermometer calibrations. These geothermometers predict temperatures >40°C in error of low-Al cpx-saturated experiments. A new regression of Putirka's [RiMG, 2008] cpx-liquid geothermometer calibrated with 64 experimentally-derived cpx of a similar composition to that of SCL increases the geothermometer's dependence on the Mg# and Na+K component of the liquid and decreases its dependence on the Ca+Si component of the liquid. This revised geothermometer reproduces experimental conditions to ±20°C. This updated thermometer returns temperatures for SCL cpx 30°C lower than the Putirka [RiMG, 2008] cpx-liquid geothermometer, thereby increasing the timescales previously reported for SCL cpx, and increasing the difference in timescales recorded by the SCL cpx and sanidine rims.

Range shortening, radiation transport, and Rayleigh-Taylor instability phenomena in ion-beam-driven inertial-fusion-reactor-size targets: Implosion, ignition, and burn phases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Long, K.A.; Tahir, N.A.

1987-01-01

In this paper we present an analysis of the theory of the energy deposition of ions in cold materials and hot dense plasmas together with numerical calculations for heavy and light ions of interest to ion-beam fusion. We have used the gorgon computer code of Long, Moritz, and Tahir (which is an extension of the code originally written for protons by Nardi, Peleg, and Zinamon) to carry out these calculations. The energy-deposition data calculated in this manner has been used in the design of heavy-ion-beam-driven fusion targets suitable for a reactor, by its inclusion in the medusa code of Christiansen, Ashby, and Roberts as extended by Tahir and Long. A number of other improvements have been made in this code and these are also discussed. Various aspects of the theoretical analysis of such targets are discussed including the calculation of the hydrodynamic stability, the hydrodynamic efficiency, and the gain. Various different target designs have been used, some of them new. In general these targets are driven by Bi + ions of energy 8--12 GeV, with an input energy of 4--6.5 MJ, with output energies in the range 600--900 MJ, and with gains in the range 120--180. The peak powers are in the range of 500--750 TW. We present detailed calculations of the ablation, compression, ignition, and burn phases. By the application of a new stability analysis which includes ablation and density-gradient effects we show that these targets appear to implode in a stable manner. Thus the targets designed offer working examples suited for use in a future inertial-confinement fusion reactor

Description of the TCERT Vetting Reports for Data Release 25

Science.gov (United States)

Van Cleve, Jeffrey E.; Caldwell, Douglas A.

2016-01-01

This document, the Kepler Instrument Handbook (KIH), is for Kepler and K2 observers, which includes the Kepler Science Team, Guest Observers (GOs), and astronomers doing archival research on Kepler and K2 data in NASAs Astrophysics Data Analysis Program (ADAP). The KIH provides information about the design, performance, and operational constraints of the Kepler flight hardware and software, and an overview of the pixel data sets available. The KIH is meant to be read with these companion documents:1. Kepler Data Processing Handbook (KSCI-19081) or KDPH (Jenkins et al., 2016). The KDPH describes how pixels downlinked from the spacecraft are converted by the Kepler Data Processing Pipeline (henceforth just the pipeline) into the data products delivered to the MAST archive. 2. Kepler Archive Manual (KDMC-10008) or KAM (Thompson et al., 2016). The KAM describes the format and content of the data products, and how to search for them.3. Kepler Data Characteristics Handbook (KSCI-19040) or KDCH (Christiansen et al., 2016). The KDCH describes recurring non-astrophysical features of the Kepler data due to instrument signatures, spacecraft events, or solar activity, and explains how these characteristics are handled by the pipeline.4. Kepler Data Release Notes 25 (KSCI-19065) or DRN 25 (Thompson et al., 2015). DRN 25 describes signatures and events peculiar to individual quarters, and the pipeline software changes between a data release and the one preceding it.Together, these documents supply the information necessary for obtaining and understanding Kepler results, given the real properties of the hardware and the data analysis methods used, and for an independent evaluation of the methods used if so desired.

Effect of temperature on kinetics of phosphorus isotope sorption by soils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Osztoics, E.; Konya, J.; Nagy, N.; Varallyay, L.

1994-01-01

Sorption of water soluble P by soils may be approximated by a rapid plus a slow processes. The rapid process of P sorption was studied on samples of five characteristic Hungarian soil types (meadow soil from Hajduboszormeny, brown forest soil from Keszthely, chernozem soil from Oroshaza and sandy soil from Orbottyan), using 32 P isotope technique. Kinetics of 32 P sorption and the effect of temperature (0, 25, and 40 o C) on the processes were investigated. The kinetic data were evaluated using the Christiansen equation. The activation energy and activation entropy of the processes were calculated from the temperature-dependence of the kinetic constants. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. The amount of sorbed P increases with increasing temperature, the increase is different in different soil types depending on soil characteristics. 2. Two processes of different velocity may be distinguished in the rapid P sorption under our experimental conditions. 3. The activation energy of the faster process is 25-50 kJ/mol. This suggests that film diffusion of phosphorus is the rate-limiting process in the first step of P sorption. 4. The activation energy of the slower process of rapid sorption is less than that of the faster process. 5. In contrast, the activation entropy of the slower process is twice as high (in absolute values) as that of the first, instantaneous process. The slower process is probably connected with a structural rearrangement of the sorption layer, i.e. the phosphorus becomes more firmly held. 6. This rearrangement is supported also by our previous studies on the reversibility of 32 P sorption. (author)

Parámetros cuantitativos para la evaluación de la suscepti­bilidad a la erosión de suelos tropicales dominicanos Quantitative parameters for assessing susceptibility to erosion in tropical Dominican soils

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A. J. Hernández

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La capa superficial de los suelos de dife­rentes tipos de bosques tropicales húmedos y secos presentes en la provincia de Peder­nales (República Dominicana, ha sido eva­luada mediante diferentes parámetros rela­cionados con el proceso de erosión: tamaño de partículas, cociente limo/arcilla y un es­timador de la posibilidad de pérdida de sue-lo. Algunos de los ecosistemas más valiosos están amenazados por talas y quemas y por la implantación de cafetales, de ahí el interés y objetivo de este trabajo, para ver como es­tos usos y manejos afectan a los suelos. Los resultados se presentan comparando los pa­rámetros estudiados en 79 muestras analiza­das según las unidades paisajísticas (bos­ques con y sin usos agropascícolas, así co­mo según las litologías predominantes en las mismas: calizas cristalinas, calizas car­bonatadas sobre alteritas y calizas coralinas. El trabajo muestra por vez primera para esta región, parámetros cuantitativos respecto a procesos edáficos vinculados a la erosión en dicho territorio. Otro dato relativamente no­vedoso es el utilizar la metodología láser para los análisis del tamaño de partículas.The topsoil layers (0-20 cm of different types of wet and dry tropical forests of the Pedernales province (Dominican Republic, both natural and cultivated, were assessed in terms of different parameters related to the erosion processes: particle size, silt/clay ra­tio, and an estimate of the possible soil loss. Some of the soils of the most valuable eco­systems are threatened by the introduction of coffee and hence the interest and objec­tive of this work. We present these data for 79 soil samples according to the corresponding landscape units (forests along with their dominant lithologies (crystalline limestones, carbon­ated limestones on alterites and coral lime­stones. The novelty of this study is that it uses quantitative variables to describe ed­aphic processes linked to erosion in

Conjunctions in ELF academic discourse: a corpus-based analysis

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Laura Centonze

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract – Conjunctions as fundamental elements in the construction of discourse cohesion represent a relatively neglected research area, due to their complexity and the bewildering number of “conjunctive relations” (Halliday and Hasan 1976: 226 that they may express in context, as also highlighted in Christiansen (2011. In addition to this, there does not seem to be a shared view as far as the classification and denomination of the different kinds of conjunctions are concerned (cf. Halliday and Hasan 1976; Vande Kopple 1985; Martin and Rose 2003; Hyland 2005b. The selection of a specific type of conjunction acquires more importance because they are typically open to so many different interpretations, especially when the participants in the speech event come from diverse lingua-cultural backgrounds (cf. Guido 2007; Guido 2008; Cogo et al. 2011.Following the taxonomy provided by Halliday and Hasan (1976 for conjunctions, our study attempts to shed light on the usage of conjunctions by ELF speakers in specific contexts. We shall consider ten transcripts taken from the VOICE Corpus (Seidlhofer et. al 2013, namely five interviews and five conversations in multicultural academic contexts (approximately 4,000 words each, and analyze the number of instances for each type of conjunction (additive, adversative, clausal, temporal as well as continuatives in depth, by adopting a quantitative as well as a qualitative method and by using TextSTAT 2.9 (Huning 2012. We shall then move on to the analysis of conjunctions with respect to their internal properties/collocates and eventually see the occurrence of conjunctions by comparing them with the two different speech events which are chosen as the subject of our study, i.e. interviews and conversations. We shall see the extent to which certain conjunctions are more restricted than others in terms of usage (cf. Leung 2005 in both types of speech events, despite the great number of options available to the

Straight line fitting and predictions: On a marginal likelihood approach to linear regression and errors-in-variables models

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Christiansen, Bo

2015-04-01

Linear regression methods are without doubt the most used approaches to describe and predict data in the physical sciences. They are often good first order approximations and they are in general easier to apply and interpret than more advanced methods. However, even the properties of univariate regression can lead to debate over the appropriateness of various models as witnessed by the recent discussion about climate reconstruction methods. Before linear regression is applied important choices have to be made regarding the origins of the noise terms and regarding which of the two variables under consideration that should be treated as the independent variable. These decisions are often not easy to make but they may have a considerable impact on the results. We seek to give a unified probabilistic - Bayesian with flat priors - treatment of univariate linear regression and prediction by taking, as starting point, the general errors-in-variables model (Christiansen, J. Clim., 27, 2014-2031, 2014). Other versions of linear regression can be obtained as limits of this model. We derive the likelihood of the model parameters and predictands of the general errors-in-variables model by marginalizing over the nuisance parameters. The resulting likelihood is relatively simple and easy to analyze and calculate. The well known unidentifiability of the errors-in-variables model is manifested as the absence of a well-defined maximum in the likelihood. However, this does not mean that probabilistic inference can not be made; the marginal likelihoods of model parameters and the predictands have, in general, well-defined maxima. We also include a probabilistic version of classical calibration and show how it is related to the errors-in-variables model. The results are illustrated by an example from the coupling between the lower stratosphere and the troposphere in the Northern Hemisphere winter.

Ultraviolet spectral reflectance of carbonaceous materials

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Applin, Daniel M.; Izawa, Matthew R. M.; Cloutis, Edward A.; Gillis-Davis, Jeffrey J.; Pitman, Karly M.; Roush, Ted L.; Hendrix, Amanda R.; Lucey, Paul G.

2018-06-01

A number of planetary spacecraft missions have carried instruments with sensors covering the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range. However, there exists a general lack of relevant UV reflectance laboratory data to compare against these planetary surface remote sensing observations in order to make confident material identifications. To address this need, we have systematically analyzed reflectance spectra of carbonaceous materials in the 200-500 nm spectral range, and found spectral-compositional-structural relationships that suggest this wavelength region could distinguish between otherwise difficult-to-identify carbon phases. In particular (and by analogy with the infrared spectral region), large changes over short wavelength intervals in the refractive indices associated with the trigonal sp2π-π* transition of carbon can lead to Fresnel peaks and Christiansen-like features in reflectance. Previous studies extending to shorter wavelengths also show that anomalous dispersion caused by the σ-σ* transition associated with both the trigonal sp2 and tetrahedral sp3 sites causes these features below λ = 200 nm. The peak wavelength positions and shapes of π-π* and σ-σ* features contain information on sp3/sp2, structure, crystallinity, and powder grain size. A brief comparison with existing observational data indicates that the carbon fraction of the surface of Mercury is likely amorphous and submicroscopic, as is that on the surface of the martian satellites Phobos and Deimos, and possibly comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, while further coordinated observations and laboratory experiments should refine these feature assignments and compositional hypotheses. The new laboratory diffuse reflectance data reported here provide an important new resource for interpreting UV reflectance measurements from planetary surfaces throughout the solar system, and confirm that the UV can be rich in important spectral information.

Cosmic Noise: The Pioneers of Early Radio Astronomy and Their Discoveries

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Sullivan, Woodruff T., III

2012-01-01

Extraterrestrial radio waves (the galactic background), often referred to as "cosmic noise", were first detected accidentally by Karl Jansky at a frequency of 20 MHz in 1932, with significant followup by Grote Reber. Yet after World War II it was England and Australia that dominated the field. An entirely different sky from that of visual astronomy was revealed by the discoveries of solar noise, "radio stars” (discrete sources such as Cas A, Tau A, Cyg A, Cen A and Vir A), galactic noise, lunar and meteor radar experiments, the detection of the 21 cm hydrogen line, and eventually optical identifications such as the Crab Nebula and M87. Key players included wartime radar experts such as Stanley Hey (the British Army's Operational Research Group), Martin Ryle (Cambridge University), Bernard Lovell (Jodrell Bank) and Joe Pawsey (Radiophysics Lab, Sydney). Younger leaders also emerged such as Graham Smith, Tony Hewish, John Davies, "Chris" Christiansen, Bernie Mills, Paul Wild, and John Bolton. Some optical astronomers (Jan Oort, Henk van de Hulst, Jesse Greenstein, Rudolph Minkowski, and Walter Baade) were also extremely supportive. By the end of the postwar decade, radio astronomy was firmly established within the gamut of astronomy, although very few of its practitioners had been trained as astronomers. I will also trace the technical and social aspects of this wholly new type of astronomy, with special attention on military and national influences. I argue that radio astronomy represents one of the key developments in twentieth century astronomy not only because of its own discoveries, but also its pathfinding for the further opening the electromagnetic spectrum. This study is based on exhaustive archival research and over one hundred interviews with pioneering radio astronomers. Full details are available in the book "Cosmic Noise: A History of Early Radio Astronomy" (Cambridge Univ. Pr.).

Normal spectral emittance of Inconel 718 aeronautical alloy coated with yttria stabilized zirconia films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez-Fernandez, L. [Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Spain); Industria de Turbo Propulsores, S.A., Planta de Zamudio, Edificio 300, 48170 Zamudio, Bizkaia (Spain); Campo, L. del [Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Spain); Perez-Saez, R.B., E-mail: raul.perez@ehu.es [Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Spain); Tello, M.J. [Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Spain)

2012-02-05

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Emittance of Inconel 718 coated with plasma sprayed yttria stabilized zirconia. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The coating is opaque for {lambda} > 9 {mu}m and semi-transparent for {lambda} < 9 {mu}m. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer In the semi-transparent region the emittance decreases with coating thickness. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer 300 {mu}m thick coatings are still semi-transparent. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer In the opaque region the surface roughness determines the emittance level. - Abstract: Knowledge of the radiative behaviour of the yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) is needed to perform radiative heat transfer calculations in industrial applications. In this paper, normal spectral emittance experimental data of atmospheric plasma sprayed (PS) YSZ films layered on Inconel 718 substrates are shown. The spectral emittance was measured between 2.5 and 22 {mu}m on samples with film thicknesses ranging from 20 to 280 {mu}m. The samples were heated in a controlled environment, and the emittance was measured for several temperatures between 330 and 730 Degree-Sign C. The dependence of the spectral emittance with film thickness, surface roughness and temperature has been studied and compared with the available results for YSZ TBCs obtained by electron-beam physical vapour deposition. The PS-TBC samples show a Christiansen point at {lambda} = 12.8 {mu}m. The films are semi-transparent for {lambda} < 9 {mu}m, and opaque for {lambda} > 9 {mu}m. In the semi-transparent region, the contribution of the radiation emitted by the Inconel 718 substrate to the global emittance of the samples is analysed. In addition, the influence of the roughness in the emittance values in the opaque spectral region is discussed. Finally, the total normal emittance is obtained as a function of the TBC thickness.

Under the Radar: The First Woman in Radio Astronomy, Ruby Payne-Scott

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Miller Goss, W.

2012-05-01

Under the Radar, the First Woman in Radio Astronomy, Ruby Payne-Scott W. Miller Goss, NRAO Socorro NM Ruby Payne-Scott (1912-1981) was an eminent Australian scientist who made major contributions to the WWII radar effort (CSIR) from 1941 to 1945. In late 1945, she pioneered radio astronomy efforts at Dover Heights in Sydney, Australia at a beautiful cliff top overlooking the Tasman Sea. Again at Dover Heights, Payne-Scott carried out the first interferometry in radio astronomy using an Australian Army radar antenna as a radio telescope at sun-rise, 26 January 1946. She continued these ground breaking activities until 1951. Ruby Payne-Scott played a major role in discovering and elucidating the properties of Type III bursts from the sun, the most common of the five classes of transient phenomena from the solar corona. These bursts are one of the most intensively studied forms of radio emission in all of astronomy. She is also one of the inventors of aperture synthesis in radio astronomy. I examine her career at the University of Sydney and her conflicts with the CSIR hierarchy concerning the rights of women in the work place, specifically equal wages and the lack of permanent status for married women. I also explore her membership in the Communist Party of Australia as well as her partially released Australian Scientific Intelligence Organization file. Payne-Scott’s role as a major participant in the flourishing radio astronomy research of the post war era remains a remarkable story. She had a number of strong collaborations with the pioneers of early radio astronomy in Australia: Pawsey, Mills, Christiansen, Bolton and Little. I am currently working on a popular version of the Payne-Scott story; “Making Waves, The Story of Ruby Payne-Scott: Australian Pioneer Radio Astronomer” will be published in 2013 by Springer in the Astronomers’ Universe Series.

How do general practitioners implement decision-making regarding COPD patients with exacerbations? An international focus group study

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Laue J

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Johanna Laue,1 Hasse Melbye,1 Peder A Halvorsen,1 Elena A Andreeva,2 Maciek Godycki-Cwirko,3 Anja Wollny,4 Nick A Francis,5 Mark Spigt,6 Kenny Kung,7 Mette Bech Risør1 1Department of Community Medicine, General Practice Research Unit, University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; 2Department of Family Medicine, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia; 3Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; 4Institute of General Practice, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany; 5Cochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; 6CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; 7The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Purpose: To explore the decision-making of general practitioners (GPs concerning treatment with antibiotics and/or oral corticosteroids and hospitalization for COPD patients with exacerbations.Methods: Thematic analysis of seven focus groups with 53 GPs from urban and rural areas in Norway, Germany, Wales, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands, and Hong Kong.Results: Four main themes were identified. 1 Dealing with medical uncertainty: the GPs aimed to make clear medical decisions and avoid unnecessary prescriptions and hospitalizations, yet this was challenged by uncertainty regarding the severity of the exacerbations and concerns about overlooking comorbidities. 2 Knowing the patient: contextual knowledge about the individual patient provided a supplementary framework to biomedical knowledge, allowing for more differentiated decision-making. 3 Balancing the patients’ perspective: the GPs considered patients’ experiential knowledge about their own body and illness as valuable in assisting their decision-making, yet felt that dealing with disagreements between their own

What's statistical about learning? Insights from modelling statistical learning as a set of memory processes.

Science.gov (United States)

Thiessen, Erik D

2017-01-05

Statistical learning has been studied in a variety of different tasks, including word segmentation, object identification, category learning, artificial grammar learning and serial reaction time tasks (e.g. Saffran et al. 1996 Science 274: , 1926-1928; Orban et al. 2008 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105: , 2745-2750; Thiessen & Yee 2010 Child Development 81: , 1287-1303; Saffran 2002 Journal of Memory and Language 47: , 172-196; Misyak & Christiansen 2012 Language Learning 62: , 302-331). The difference among these tasks raises questions about whether they all depend on the same kinds of underlying processes and computations, or whether they are tapping into different underlying mechanisms. Prior theoretical approaches to statistical learning have often tried to explain or model learning in a single task. However, in many cases these approaches appear inadequate to explain performance in multiple tasks. For example, explaining word segmentation via the computation of sequential statistics (such as transitional probability) provides little insight into the nature of sensitivity to regularities among simultaneously presented features. In this article, we will present a formal computational approach that we believe is a good candidate to provide a unifying framework to explore and explain learning in a wide variety of statistical learning tasks. This framework suggests that statistical learning arises from a set of processes that are inherent in memory systems, including activation, interference, integration of information and forgetting (e.g. Perruchet & Vinter 1998 Journal of Memory and Language 39: , 246-263; Thiessen et al. 2013 Psychological Bulletin 139: , 792-814). From this perspective, statistical learning does not involve explicit computation of statistics, but rather the extraction of elements of the input into memory traces, and subsequent integration across those memory traces that emphasize consistent information (Thiessen and Pavlik

The Danish Intensive Care Database

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Christiansen CF

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Christian Fynbo Christiansen,1 Morten Hylander Møller,2 Henrik Nielsen,1 Steffen Christensen3 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, 2Department of Intensive Care 4131, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 3Department of Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark Aim of database: The aim of this database is to improve the quality of care in Danish intensive care units (ICUs by monitoring key domains of intensive care and to compare these with predefined standards. Study population: The Danish Intensive Care Database (DID was established in 2007 and includes virtually all ICU admissions in Denmark since 2005. The DID obtains data from the Danish National Registry of Patients, with complete follow-up through the Danish Civil Registration System. Main variables: For each ICU admission, the DID includes data on the date and time of ICU admission, type of admission, organ supportive treatments, date and time of discharge, status at discharge, and mortality up to 90 days after admission. Descriptive variables include age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index score, and, since 2010, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II. The variables are recorded with 90%–100% completeness in the recent years, except for SAPS II score, which is 73%–76% complete. The DID currently includes five quality indicators. Process indicators include out-of-hour discharge and transfer to other ICUs for capacity reasons. Outcome indicators include ICU readmission within 48 hours and standardized mortality ratios for death within 30 days after admission using case-mix adjustment (initially using age, sex, and comorbidity level, and, since 2013, using SAPS II for all patients and for patients with septic shock. Descriptive data: The DID currently includes 335,564 ICU admissions during 2005–2015 (average 31,958 ICU admissions per year. Conclusion: The DID provides a

Positive predictive value of the infant respiratory distress syndrome diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Registry

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Thygesen SK

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Sandra Kruchov Thygesen, Morten Olsen, Christian Fynbo ChristiansenDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DenmarkBackground: Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS is the most common respiratory disease in preterm infants, and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Valid data on IRDS are important in clinical epidemiological research.Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the positive predictive value (PPV of the IRDS diagnosis registered in the population-based Danish National Patient Registry according to the International Classification of Diseases, 8th and 10th revisions.Methods: Between January 1, 1977 and December 31, 2008, we randomly selected three patients per year, 96 in total, who were registered with an IRDS diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Registry and living in the northern part of Denmark. Data on the infants included information on the presence of predefined clinical symptoms. We defined IRDS as the presence of at least two of four clinical symptoms (tachypnea, retractions or nasal flaring, grunting, and central cyanosis, which had to be present for more than 30 minutes. Using medical record review as the reference standard, we computed the positive predictive value of the registered IRDS diagnosis including 95% confidence intervals (CIs.Results: We located the medical record for 90 of the 96 patients (94%, and found an overall PPV of the IRDS diagnosis of 81% (95% CI 72%–88%. This did not vary substantially between primary and secondary diagnoses. The PPV was higher, at 89% (95% CI 80%–95%, for preterm infants born before 37 weeks of gestation.Conclusion: The PPV of the IRDS diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Registry is reasonable when compared with symptoms described in the corresponding medical records. The Danish National Patient Registry is a useful data source for studies of IRDS, particularly if restricted to preterm infants

Laser in situ keratomileusis in patients with collagen vascular disease: a review of the literature

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Simpson RG

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Rachel G Simpson,1 Majid Moshirfar,2 Jason N Edmonds,2 Steven M Christiansen,2 Nicholas Behunin21The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA; 2John A Moran Eye Center, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USAPurpose: To evaluate the current United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA recommendations regarding laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK surgery in patients with collagen vascular diseases (CVD and assess whether these patients make appropriate candidates for laser vision correction, and offer treatment recommendations based on identified clinical data.Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, and Ovid to identify all existing studies of LASIK in patients with collagen vascular diseases. The search was conducted without date limitations. Keywords used for the search included MeSH terms: laser in situ keratomileusis, LASIK, refractive surgery, ocular surgery, and cataract surgery connected by "and" with the following MeSH and natural-language terms: collagen vascular disease, rheumatic disease, systemic disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, seronegative spondyloarthropathy, HLA B27, ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis. The abstracts for all studies meeting initial search criteria were reviewed; relevant studies were included. No prospective studies were found; however, four retrospective case studies were identified that examined LASIK surgery in patients with CVD. Several case reports were also identified in similar fashion.Results: The FDA considers CVD a relative contraindication to LASIK surgery, due largely to the ocular complications associated with disease in the CVD spectrum. However, recent studies of LASIK in patients with CVD indicate LASIK may be safe for patients with very well-controlled systemic disease, minimal ocular manifestations, and no clinical signs or history of dry

Deconvolution of Thermal Emissivity Spectra of Mercury to their Endmember Counterparts measured in Simulated Mercury Surface Conditions

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Varatharajan, I.; D'Amore, M.; Maturilli, A.; Helbert, J.; Hiesinger, H.

2017-12-01

accuracy with the RMS value of 0.03-0.04. Currently, the telescope spectra are investigated for its calibrations and the results will be presented at AGU. References: [1] Hiesinger, H. and J. Helbert (2010) PSS, 58(1-2): 144-165. [2] Sprague, A.L. et al (2009) PSS, 57, 364-383. [3] Ramsey and Christiansen (1998) JGR, 103, 577-596

Perceived Neighborhood Environmental Attributes Associated with Walking and Cycling for Transport among Adult Residents of 17 Cities in 12 Countries: The IPEN Study

Science.gov (United States)

Kerr, Jacqueline; Emond, Jennifer A.; Badland, Hannah; Reis, Rodrigo; Sarmiento, Olga; Carlson, Jordan; Sallis, James F.; Cerin, Ester; Cain, Kelli; Conway, Terry; Schofield, Grant; Macfarlane, Duncan J.; Christiansen, Lars B.; Van Dyck, Delfien; Davey, Rachel; Aguinaga-Ontoso, Ines; Salvo, Deborah; Sugiyama, Takemi; Owen, Neville; Mitáš, Josef; Natarajan, Loki

2015-01-01

JF, Cerin E, Cain K, Conway T, Schofield G, Macfarlane DJ, Christiansen LB, Van Dyck D, Davey R, Aguinaga-Ontoso I, Salvo D, Sugiyama T, Owen N, Mitáš J, Natarajan L. 2016. Perceived neighborhood environmental attributes associated with walking and cycling for transport among adult residents of 17 cities in 12 countries: the IPEN study. Environ Health Perspect 124:290–298; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409466 PMID:26186801

The Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2 study: implementation of a nationwide patient enrollment system

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Nielsen JS

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Jens Steen Nielsen,1 Reimar W Thomsen,2 Charlotte Steffensen,2 Jens S Christiansen31Department of Endocrinology M, Odense University Hospital, Odense, 2Department of Clinical Epidemiology, 3Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DenmarkAbstract: This paper aims to describe the patient enrollment system and implementation strategy for the new nationwide Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2 project. The paper will also describe the design, current content, and pilot testing of the DD2 registration form. The challenge of the DD2 project was to construct a registration system functioning in the entire Danish health care system, where new type 2 diabetes patients are initially met, and with the capacity to enroll 200 newly diagnosed diabetes patients per week nationwide. This requires a fast and simple registration that is part of everyday clinical practice in hospital outpatient clinics and general practitioner (GP clinics. The enrollment system is thus built on a tested, rational design where patients need only one visit and only specific limited data about physical activity, anthropometric measures, and family history of diabetes are collected during a brief patient interview. Later, supplemental data will be extracted by computerized linkage with existing databases. The feasibility of this strategy was verified in a pilot study. For maximum flexibility, three different ways to fill in the DD2 registration form were provided and an interactive webpage was constructed. The DD2 project also involves collection of blood and urine samples from each diabetes patient, to be stored in a biobank. Clinicians may obtain the samples themselves or refer patients to the nearest clinical biochemical department. GPs have the additional option of referring patients to the nearest hospital outpatient diabetes clinic to obtain interview data, clinical data, and samples. At present, the enrollment system is in use at

Hospital visits among women with skeletal-related events secondary to breast cancer and bone metastases: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Denmark

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Svendsen ML

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Marie Louise Svendsen,1 Henrik Gammelager,1 Claus Sværke,1 Mellissa Yong,2 Victoria M Chia,2 Christian F Christiansen,1 Jon P Fryzek1 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 2Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA Objective: Skeletal-related events (SREs among women with breast cancer may be associated with considerable use of health-care resources. We characterized inpatient and outpatient hospital visits in a national population-based cohort of Danish women with SREs secondary to breast cancer and bone metastases. Methods: We identified first-time breast cancer patients with bone metastases from 2003 through 2009 who had a subsequent SRE (defined as pathologic fracture, spinal cord compression, radiation therapy, or surgery to bone. Hospital visits included the number of inpatient hospitalizations, length of stay, number of hospital outpatient clinic visits, and emergency room visits. The number of hospital visits was assessed for a pre-SRE period (90 days prior to the diagnostic period, a diagnostic period (14 days prior to the SRE, and a post-SRE period (90 days after the SRE. Patients who experienced more than one SRE during the 90-day post-SRE period were defined as having multiple SREs and were followed until 90 days after the last SRE. Results: We identified 569 women with SREs secondary to breast cancer with bone metastases. The majority of women had multiple SREs (73.1%. A total of 20.9% and 33.4% of women with single and multiple SREs died in the post-SRE period, respectively. SREs were associated with a large number of hospital visits in the diagnostic period, irrespective of the number and type of SREs. Women with multiple SREs generally had a higher number of visits compared to those with a single SRE in the post-SRE period, eg, median length of hospitalization was 5 days (interquartile range 0–15 for women with a single SRE and 13 days (interquartile range 4�

VNIR Reflectance and MIR Emissivity Spectra of Ordinary Chondrite Meteorites Under Simulated Asteroid Surface Conditions

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Gemma, M.; Shirley, K.; Glotch, T. D.; Ebel, D. S. S.

2017-12-01

Recent missions have revealed much about the nature of many Near-Earth asteroids, including the NEAR-Shoemaker target 433 Eros and Hayabusa target 25142 Itokawa. Both asteroids appear to have mineralogy consistent with ordinary chondrite meteorites. Laboratory spectral analysis of well-constrained meteorite samples can be employed as a reference tool to characterize and constrain data from current and future asteroid studies. A sample set of ordinary chondrite meteorites was chosen from the collection at the American Museum of Natural History. Six meteorites, spanning groups H, L, and LL, were prepared at four different size fractions (25-63 μm, 63-90 μm, 90-125 μm, 125-250 μm) in an attempt to mimic regolith known to exist on asteroids such as 433 Eros and 25142 Itokawa. At the Center for Planetary Exploration at Stony Brook University, spectra of the ordinary chondrite material were measured under simulated asteroid surface conditions ( 10-6 mbar, 150 K chamber temperature, low intensity illumination). The samples were used in two experiments: one measuring visible and near-infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectra at a series of temperatures, and the other measuring mid-infrared (MIR) emissivity spectra. The emissivity measurements require accurate simulation of the thermal environment within asteroid regolith, achieved by inducing a thermal gradient within the sample that results in a surface brightness temperature around 323 K (similar to the surface of 25142 Itokawa). Mid-IR emissivity spectra were collected for each sample at a surface temperature of 323 K, and reflectance spectra were collected in increments of 10 K, over the range 283 K to 373 K. Preliminary VNIR spectra show spreads similar to those seen in Hinrichs and Lucey (2002). Preliminary MIR emissivity spectra suggest that under asteroid surface conditions, the position of the Christiansen feature shifts to shorter wavelengths and emissivity is lower in the Reststrahlen bands when compared to

Digging Deep: Is Lunar Mantle Excavated Around the Imbrium Basin?

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Klima, R. L.; Bretzfelder, J.; Buczkowski, D.; Ernst, C. M.; Greenhagen, B. T.; Petro, N. E.; Shusterman, M. L.

2017-12-01

The Moon has experienced over a dozen impacts resulting in basins large enough to have excavated mantle material. With many of those basins concentrated on the lunar near side, and extensive regolith mixing since the lunar magma ocean crystallized, one might expect that some mantle material would have been found among the lunar samples on Earth. However, so far, no mantle clasts have been definitively identified in lunar samples [1]. From orbit, a number of olivine-bearing localities, potentially sourced from the mantle, have been identified around impact basins [2]. Based on analysis of near-infrared (NIR) and imaging data, [3] suggest that roughly 60% of these sites represent olivine from the mantle. If this is the case and the blocks are coherent and not extensively mixed into the regolith, these deposits should be ultramafic, containing olivine and/or pyroxenes and little to no plagioclase. In the mid-infrared, they would thus exhibit Christiansen features at wavelengths in excess of 8.5 μm, which has not been observed in global studies using the Diviner Lunar Radiometer [4]. We present an integrated study of the massifs surrounding the Imbrium basin, which, at over 1000 km wide, is large enough to have penetrated through the lunar crust and into the mantle. These massifs are clearly associated with the Imbrium basin-forming impact, but existing geological maps do not distinguish between whether they are likely ejecta or rather uplifted from beneath the surface during crustal rebound [5]. We examine these massifs using vis, NIR and Mid IR data to determine the relationships between and the bulk mineralogy of local lithologies. NIR data suggest that the massifs contain exposures of four dominant minerals: olivine, Mg-rich orthopyroxene, a second low-Ca pyroxene, and anorthite. Mid IR results suggest that though many of these massifs are plagioclase-rich, portions of some may be significantly more mafic. We will present our growing mineralogical map of the

The Danish database for acute and emergency hospital contacts

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Lassen AT

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Annmarie T Lassen,1 Henrik Jørgensen,2 Hanne Blæhr Jørsboe,3,4 Annette Odby,5 Mikkel Brabrand,6 Jacob Steinmetz,7 Julie Mackenhauer,8 Hans Kirkegaard,8 Christian Fynbo Christiansen9 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, 2Department of Surgery, Hospital of Northern Sjaelland, Hilleroed, 3Department of Emergency Medicine, Nykobing F Hospital, 4Department of Hospital Administration, Nykobing F Hospital, Nykøbing Falster, 5The Danish Clinical Registers, Registry Support Centre for Health Quality and Informatics, Aarhus, 6Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital of South West Jutland, Esbjerg, 7Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 8Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Aarhus University, 9Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark Aim for database: Aim of the Danish database for acute and emergency hospital contacts (DDAEHC is to monitor the quality of care for all unplanned hospital contacts in Denmark (acute and emergency contacts.Study population: The DDAEHC is a nationwide registry that completely covers all acute and emergency somatic hospital visits at individual level regardless of presentation site, presenting complaint, and department designation since January 1, 2013.Main variables: The DDAEHC includes ten quality indicators – of which two are outcome indicators and eight are process indicators. Variables used to compute these indicators include among others day and time of hospital contact, vital status, ST-elevation myocardial infarction diagnosis, date and time of relevant procedure (percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary angiography, X-ray of wrist, and gastrointestinal surgery as well as time for triage and physician judgment. Data are currently gathered from The Danish National Patient Registry, two existing databases (Danish Stroke Register and Danish Database for Emergency Surgery, and will

Astigmatism induced by conventional spherical ablation after PRK and LASIK in myopia with astigmatism < 1.00 D

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Christiansen SM

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Steven M Christiansen,1 Mark D Mifflin,1 Jason N Edmonds,1 Rachel G Simpson,2 Majid Moshirfar11John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 2The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USABackground: The purpose of this study was to evaluate surgically-induced astigmatism after spherical ablation in photorefractive keratectomy (PRK and laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK for myopia with astigmatism < 1.00 D.Methods: The charts of patients undergoing spherical PRK or LASIK for the correction of myopia with minimal astigmatism of <1.00 D from 2002 to 2012 at the John A Moran Eye Center in Salt Lake City, UT, were retrospectively reviewed. Astigmatism was measured by manifest refraction. The final astigmatic refractive outcome at 6 months postoperatively was compared with the initial refraction by Alpins vector analysis.Results: For PRK, average cylinder increased from 0.39 ± 0.25 (0.00–0.75 preoperatively to 0.55 ± 0.48 (0.00–1.75 postoperatively (P = 0.014, compared with an increase in LASIK eyes from 0.40 ± 0.27 (0.00–0.75 preoperatively to 0.52 ± 0.45 (0.00–2.00 postoperatively (P = 0.041. PRK eyes experienced an absolute value change in cylinder of 0.41 ± 0.32 (0.00–1.50 and LASIK eyes experienced a change of 0.41 ± 0.31 (0.00–1.50, P = 0.955. Mean surgically-induced astigmatism was 0.59 ± 0.35 (0.00–1.70 in PRK eyes, with an increase in surgically-induced astigmatism of 0.44 D for each additional 1.00 D of preoperative cylinder; in LASIK eyes, mean surgically-induced astigmatism was 0.55 ± 0.32 (0.00–1.80, P = 0.482, with an increase in surgically-induced astigmatism of 0.29 D for each 1.00 D of preoperative cylinder.Conclusion: Spherical ablation can induce substantial astigmatism even in eyes with less than one diopter of preoperative astigmatism in both PRK and LASIK. No significant difference in the magnitude of surgically-induced astigmatism was found between eyes

Minding the gap

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Mia Carlberg

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The plan for the Round table session was to focus on organizational and social/cultural differences between librarians and faculty with the aim to increase our awareness of the differences when we try to find ways to cooperate within the academy or school. This may help us to sort things out, experience acceptance and take adequate actions, saving energy and perhaps be less frustrated.  The questions that the workshop addressed were: What is in the gap between librarians and faculty when dealing with information literacy? How can we fill the gap? Participants discussed this in detail with the aim of together finding ways to understand it better and make it possible to find ways to fill this gap. By defining it and thereby making it easier to work out a strategy for future action to improve the teaching of information literacy, including listing possible, impossible or nearly impossible ways. The springboard to the discussion was extracted from some projects that the workshop leader has been engaged in since 2009. The first example is a research circle where Uppsala University Library used action research to observe and understand the process when we had the opportunity to implement information literacy classes with progression in an undergraduate program. What worked well? What did not? Why? This work was described together with other examples from Uppsala University to an international panel working with quality issues. What did they think of our work? May this change the ways we are working? How? Another example is an ongoing joint project where librarians and faculty members are trying to define ways to increase the cooperation between the library and faculty and make this cooperation sustainable. Recent experience from this was brought to the discussion.   There are an overwhelming number of papers written in this field. A few papers have inspired these ideas. One article in particular: Christiansen, L., Stombler, M. & Thaxton, L. (2004. A

Adherence to Report and Patient Perception of an Interactive App for Managing Symptoms During Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Descriptive Study of Logged and Interview Data.

Science.gov (United States)

Langius-Eklöf, Ann; Christiansen, Mats; Lindström, Veronica; Blomberg, Karin; Hälleberg Nyman, Maria; Wengström, Yvonne; Sundberg, Kay

2017-10-31

a sense of security. Few technological problems were reported. The use of Interaktor increased patients' sense of security and their reflections on their own well-being and thereby served as a supportive tool for the self-management of symptoms during treatment of prostate cancer. Some further development of the app's content might be beneficial for future use. ©Ann Langius-Eklöf, Mats Christiansen, Veronica Lindström, Karin Blomberg, Maria Hälleberg Nyman, Yvonne Wengström, Kay Sundberg. Originally published in JMIR Cancer (http://cancer.jmir.org), 31.10.2017.

Letter in reference to: "Short-term effects of night shift work on breast cancer risk: a cohort study of payroll data".

Science.gov (United States)

Stevens, Richard G

2017-01-01

it misleads the scientific community and the public. Reference 1. Vistisen HT, Garde AH, Frydenberg M, Christiansen P, Hansen ÅM, Hansen J, Bonde JPE, Kolstad HA. Short-term effects of night shift work on breast cancer risk: a cohort study of payroll data. Scand J Work Environ Health - online first. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3603.

Joint M3 and Diviner Analysis of the Mineralogy, Glass Composition, and Country Rock Content of Pyroclastic Deposits in Oppenheimer Crater

Science.gov (United States)

Bennett, Kristen A.; Horgan, Briony H. N.; Greenhagen, Benjamin T.; Allen, Carlton C.; Paige, David A.; Bell, James F., III

2013-01-01

Here we present our analysis of the near- and mid-infrared spectral properties of pyroclastic deposits within the floor fractured Oppenheimer Crater that are hypothesized to be Vulcanian in origin. These are the first results of our global study of lunar pyroclastic deposits aimed at constraining the range of eruption processes on the Moon. In the near-infrared, we have employed a new method of spectral analysis developed in Horgan et al. (2013) of the 1 ?m iron absorption band in Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) spectra. By analyzing both the position and shape of the 1 ?m band we can detect and map the distribution of minerals, glasses, and mixtures of these phases in pyroclastic deposits. We are also using mid-infrared spectra from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment to develop 200 m/pixel Christiansen Feature (CF) maps, which correlate with silica abundance. One of the benefits of using CF maps for analysis of pyroclastic deposits is that they can be used to detect silicic country rock that may have been emplaced by Vulcanian-style eruptions, and are sensitive to iron abundance in glasses, neither of which is possible in the near-infrared. M3 analysis reveals that the primary spectral endmembers are low-calcium pyroxene and iron-bearing glass, with only minor high-calcium pyroxene, and no detectable olivine. The large deposit in the south shows higher and more extensive glass concentrations than the surrounding deposits. We interpret the M3 spectra of the pyroclastic deposits as indicating a mixture of low-calcium pyroxene country rock and juvenile glass, and no significant olivine. Analysis of Diviner CF maps of the Oppenheimer crater floor indicates an average CF value of 8.16, consistent with a mixture of primarily plagioclase and some pyroxene. The average CF values of the pyroclastic deposits range from 8.31 in the SW to 8.24 in the SE. Since CF values within the deposits are as high as 8.49, the lower average CF

AAS 228: Day 4

Science.gov (United States)

Kohler, Susanna

2016-06-01

Editors Note: Lastweek we were at the 228th AAS Meeting in San Diego, CA. Here is a final post aboutselectedevents on the last day of the meeting, written by authors fromastrobites.com, a grad-student collaborative project with which we recently announced a new partnership! Starting in July,keep an eye out for astrobites postsat AAS Nova in between Highlights(i.e., on Tuesdays and Thursdays).Were excited to be working together to bring you more recent astronomy research from AAS journals!Extrasolar Planets: Detection (by Leonardo dos Santos)Thursdays first session on exoplanets was about detecting these distant worlds, and the opening talk was given by Robert Siverd (Las Cumbres Observatory). He describes the NRES, a network of spectrographs that will look for exoplanets using the radial velocity method. One of the coolest aspects of this instrument is that it will feature an on the fly scheduling system that will perform observations as efficiently as possible. The spectrograph is still being tested, but a unit will be deployed at CTIO later this year.@lcogt contracted by @NASA_TESS for follow up of their candidates. #aas228 Jessie Christiansen (@aussiastronomer) June 16, 2016Measuring the depths of transits and eclipses in Spitzer has been problematic in the past, since the Spitzer instrument IRAC (InfraRed Array Camera) has a non-uniform response in its detectors pixels. But, as reported by James Ingalls (Spitzer Science Center, Caltech), observers are circumventing this issue by using what they call the staring mode (avoiding large pointing jumps) and an algorithm to pick sweet spot pixels. Moreover, the results from the IRAC Data Challenge are helping to better understand its behavior. Giuseppe Morello (University College London), on the other hand, explained how his research group gets rid of instrumental effects from IRAC using machine learning. This method removes systematics from exoplanet transit data no matter if the noise source is from an instrument or

Rainfall simulators - innovations seeking rainfall uniformity and automatic flow rate measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Bauer, Miroslav; Kavka, Petr; Strouhal, Luděk; Dostál, Tomáš; Krása, Josef

2016-04-01

Field rainfall simulators are used worldwide for many experimental purposes, such as runoff generation and soil erosion research. At CTU in Prague a laboratory simulator with swinging nozzles VeeJet has been operated since 2001. Since 2012 an additional terrain simulator is being used with 4 fixed FullJet 40WSQ nozzles with 2,4 m spacing and operating over two simultaneously sprinkled experimental plots sizing 8x2 and 1x1 m. In parallel to other research projects a specific problem was solved: improving rainfall spatial uniformity and overall intensity and surface runoff measurements. These fundamental variables significantly affect investigated processes as well as resulting water balance of the plot, therefore they need to be determined as accurately as possible. Although the original nozzles setting produced (commonly used) Christiansen uniformity index CU over 80 %, detailed measurements proved this index insufficient and showed many unrequired rainfall extremes within the plot. Moreover the number of rainfall intensity scenarios was limited and some of them required problematic multi-pressure operation of the water distribution system. Therefore the simulator was subjected to many substantial changes in 2015. Innovations ranged from pump intensification to control unit upgrade. As essential change was considered increase in number of nozzles to 9 in total and reducing their spacing to 1,2 m. However new uniformity measurements did not bring any significant improvement. Tested scenarios showed equal standard deviations of interpolated intensity rasters and equal or slightly lower CU index. Imperfections of sprinkling nozzles were found to be the limiting factor. Still many other benefits were brought with the new setup. Whole experimental plot 10x2 m is better covered with the rainfall while the water consumption is retained. Nozzles are triggered in triplets, which enables more rainfall intensity scenarios. Water distribution system is more stable due to

Set-up and calibration of an indoor nozzle-type rainfall simulator for soil erosion studies

Science.gov (United States)

Lassu, T.; Seeger, M.

2012-04-01

flow rates (4,5 l/min and 5,5 l/min), resulting in different rainfall intensities and made 2 repetitions each. The average rainfall intensity was 36,8 mm/h at the first and 37,6 mm/h at the second repetition with the lower flow rate (4,5 l/min). With the higher flow rate (5,5 l/min) at the first repetition it was 44,4 mm/h and 46 mm/h at the second one. The maximum and minimum values were 22 mm and 2 mm at the lower (4,5 l/min) flow rate, respectively 26 mm and 4 mm at the higher one (5,5 l/min). In this latter case, the resulting average kinetic energy reached 7 J m-2 mm-1, with a maximum 31,3 J m-2 mm-1 of and a minimum of 2,9 J m-2 mm-1. The Christiansen Uniformity coefficient (CU) for the lower intensities was 66% and 69%, respectively, with the higher intensities slightly better (70% and 72%). The data of the rainfall simulator in Wageningen make it a promising tool for research in soil erosion processes.

Pyroclastic Deposits in the Floor-fractured Crater Alphonsus

Science.gov (United States)

Allen, Carlton C.; Donaldson-Hanna, Kerri L.; Pieters, Carle M.; Moriarty, Daniel P.; Greenhagen, Benjamin T.; Bennett, Kristen A.; Kramer, Georgiana Y.; Paige, David A.

2013-01-01

Alphonsus, the 118 km diameter floor-fractured crater, is located immediately east of Mare Nubium. Eleven pyroclastic deposits have been identified on the crater's floor. Early telescopic spectra suggest that the floor of Alphonsus is noritic, and that the pyroclastic deposits contain mixtures of floor material and a juvenile component including basaltic glass. Head and Wilson contend that Nubium lavas intruded the breccia zone beneath Alphonsus, forming dikes and fractures on the crater floor. In this model, the magma ascended to the level of the mare but cooled underground, and a portion broke thru to the surface in vulcanian (explosive) eruptions. Alternatively, the erupted material could be from a source unrelated to the mare, in the style of regional pyroclastic deposits. High-resolution images and spectroscopy from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3), Diviner Lunar Radiometer, and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) provide data to test these formation models. Spectra from M3 confirm that the crater floor is primarily composed of noritic material, and that the Nubium lavas are basaltic. Spectra from the three largest pyroclastic deposits in Alphonsus are consistent with a minor low- Ca pyroxene component in a glass-rich matrix. The centers of the 2 micron absorption bands have wavelengths too short to be of the same origin as the Nubium basalts. Diviner Christiansen feature (CF) values were used to estimate FeO abundances for the crater floor, Nubium soil, and pyroclastic deposits. The estimated abundance for the crater floor (7.5 +/- 1.4 wt.%) is within the range of FeO values for Apollo norite samples. However, the estimated FeO abundance for Nubium soil (13.4 +/- 1.4 wt.%) is lower than those measured in most mare samples. The difference may reflect contamination of the mare soil by highland ejecta. The Diviner-derived FeO abundance for the western pyroclastic deposit is 13.8 +/- 3.3 wt.%. This is lower than the values for mare soil

Recuperação de gotejadores obstruídos devido à utilização de águas ferruginosas Recovery of drippers clogged by use of water high in iron content

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Gustavo H. S. Vieira

2004-04-01

Full Text Available Desenvolveu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de se avaliar a eficiência da utilização de ácido fosfórico, de hipoclorito de sódio e de um produto comercial, além do impacto mecânico na desobstrução de gotejadores entupidos, devido à utilização de águas com elevado teor de ferro. O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Vista Alegre, localizada em Jaboticatubas, MG. Um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento foi adaptado para realização dos testes com oito tratamentos, sendo sete com aplicação de produtos químicos e um com impacto mecânico. Para os tratamentos químicos, utilizaram-se: o ácido fosfórico com pH 2 e pH 3; o hipoclorito de sódio com as dosagens de 100, 50 e 25 mg L-1 de cloro; e Reciclean com as dosagens de 50 e 25 mg L-1. Diante dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se: o tratamento com ácido fosfórico em pH 2 forneceu o melhor resultado quanto ao aumento da uniformidade de aplicação de água pelo sistema, apresentando o maior aumento nos valores de coeficiente de uniformidade de distribuição (CUD e coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC; entretanto, com custo elevado. O tratamento com 25 mg L-1 de cloro apresentou a melhor relação benefício/custo, sendo o mais econômico e o segundo melhor quanto à melhoria da uniformidade de irrigação do sistema. O impacto mecânico é uma alternativa para recuperação de sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento em geral, com destaque para sistemas de cultivos orgânicos.A study was carried out (Reciclean to evaluate the efficiency of using the phosphoric acid, sodium hypochlorite, a commercial product and mechanical impact for cleaning the drippers in which the clogging was due to the presence of high iron content in water. The experiment was set up in the Vista Alegre Farm, located in Jaboticatubas County - Minas Gerais State. A drip irrigation system was adopted for the accomplishment of the tests. Eight treatments were tested, of which, seven with application

Infrared and Raman spectroscopy on synthetic glasses as analogues of planetary surfaces.

Science.gov (United States)

Weber, Iris; Morlok, Andreas; Klemme, Stephan; Dittmer, Isabelle; Stojic, Aleksandra N.; Hiesinger, Harald; Sohn, Martin; Helbert, Jörn

2015-04-01

produced, based on the composition of the Ca- and Mg-rich and Al-poor G1 region identified on Mercury with the X-ray spectrometer on MESSENGER [7]. For in situ mid-IR specular reflectance analyses, a Bruker Hyperion 2000 System with a (1000×1000) µm2 sized aperture was used. A Bruker Vertex 70 IR system with a MCT detector was applied for analyses of areas >>1 mm under near vacuum conditions. Raman spectra will be collected with an OceanOptics IDR-Micro-532 spectrometer. Our results show that the micro-FTIR reflectance data of two glassy regions provide a smooth feature that is typical for amorphous materials. Only very weak sharper crystalline bands occur on top of the feature at 10.1-10.2 µm and 10.5-10.6 µm. These bands are probably resulting from crystalline forsterite within a glassy matrix, because the crystalline bands at 10.1 and 10.5 µm are characteristic for nearly pure forsterite [8]. The Christiansen feature is at 8.2 µm. The spectrum of a larger region is basically a 'bulk' spectrum. Achieved under near-vacuum conditions this spectrum displays essentially similar characteristics. References: [1] Maturilli A. (2006) Planet. Space Sci. 54, 1057-1064. [2] Helbert J. and Maturilli A. (2009) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 285, 347-354. [3] Benkhoff, J. et al. (2010) Planet. Space Sci. 58, 2-20. [4] Hiesinger H. et al. (2010) Planet. Space Sci. 58, 144-165. [5] Maturilli J. (2008) Planet. Space Sci. 56, 420-425. [6] Vago et al. (2012) Mars Concepts, Houston. [3] Hamilton V.E. (2010) Chem. Erde, 70, 7-33. [7] Charlier B. et al. (2013) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 363, 50-60.

Response to Dr Stevens' letter ref. Visitisen et al: "Short-term effects of night shift work on breast cancer risk: a cohort study of payroll data".

Science.gov (United States)

Kolstad, Henrik A; Garde, Anne Helene; Hansen, Åse Marie; Frydenberg, Morten; Christiansen, Peer; Vistisen, Helene Tilma; Bonde, Jens Peter E

2017-01-01

selection bias, but we observed similar risk estimates as for the total study population. Taken together, we find that our study provides rather robust evidence of no short-term breast cancer risk following recent night shift work. It must, however, be stressed that data did not allow assessment of a possible long-term risk. Reference 1. Stevens R. Letter ref. Vitisen et al: "Short-term effects of night shift work on breast cancer risk: a cohort study of payroll data". Scand J Work Environ Health. 2017;43(1):95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3607 2. Vistisen HT, Garde AH, Frydenberg M, Christiansen P, Hansen AM, Hansen J, Bonde JP, Kolstad HA. Short-term effects of night shift work on breast cancer risk: A cohort study of payroll data. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2017;43(1):59-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3603. 3. Ijaz S, Verbeek J, Seidler A, Lindbohm ML, Ojajarvi A, Orsini N, Costa G, Neuvonen K. Night-shift work and breast cancer--a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2013 Sep 1;39(5):431-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3371.

Investigating actinide compounds within a hybrid MCSCF-DFT model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fromager, E.; Jensen, H.J.A.; Wahlin, P.; Real, F.; Wahlgren, U.

2007-01-01

definition of an optimal μ opt parameter [3], independent of the approximate short-range functional and the approximate (MCSCF) wave function, is applied in this work. Recently reviewed calculations on light elements yielded μ opt ∼ 0.4 a.u [3], which is in agreement with previous calibration studies. A new numerical investigation of μ opt is now presented for actinides. A test set consisting of ThO 2 , PaO 2 + , UO 2 2+ , UCO and UN 2 (representing cases without significant static correlation) as well as NpO 2 3+ and PuO 2 4+ (representing cases with significant static correlation) has been considered. The bending problem of NpO 2 3+ and PuO 2 4+ observed in KS-DFT(B3LYP) is then addressed within the hybrid MCSCF-DFT approach. Calculations have been performed at the scalar relativistic level with the MCSCF-DFT code [4] implemented in a development version of the DALTON program package [5], using short-range LDA and PBE-type functionals [3. References [1] M. Straka, K.G. Dyall, and P. Pyykko, Theor. Chem. Acc., 106, 393 (2001); [2] A. Savin, in Recent Developments and Applications of Modern Density Functional Theory, edited by J.M. Seminario (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1996), p. 327; [3] E. Fromager, J. Toulouse, and H. J. Aa. Jensen, J. Chem. Phys., in press; [4] J.K. Pedersen and H.J.A. Jensen, J. Chem. Phys., submitted; [5] T. Helgaker, H.J. Aa. Jensen, P. Jorgensen, J. Oelsen, K. Ruud, H. Agren, K.L. Bak, V. Bakken, O. Christiansen, S. Coriani, et al., Dalton release 2.0 (2005), an electronic structure program, www.kjemi.uio.no/software/dalton/dalton.html

Can fMRI help optimise lifestyle behaviour change feedback from wearable technologies?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maxine Whelan

2015-10-01

and water-based activities and are valid measures of activity (Santos-Lozano et al., 2013 and sedentary behaviour (Rosenberger, Buman, Haskell, McConnell & Carstensen, 2015. Continuous (15 minute epochs interstitial glucose levels will be measured through a minimally-invasive 5mm flexible fibre (Freestyle Libre inserted into the posterior brachium. This device will be worn throughout the whole day, including sleep and water-based activities, and has been validated against venous sampling (Bailey, Bode, Christiansen, Klaff & Alva, 2015. All devices will be returned using internal mail or freepost services after 14 days of wear. Personalised feedback messages will be extracted from the devices. Accelerometry will generate feedback in relation to time spent in activity intensities (e.g. moderate-to-vigorous in the context of current UK physical activity guidelines and frequently used goal setting targets (e.g. 10,000 steps per day. The LUMO will generate feedback on time spent sitting and the number of sit-to-stand transitions in the context of international sedentary behaviour guidelines. The Freestyle Libre will generate feedback in relation to time spent in the normal glucose range (4.0-6.0mmol/L; average glucose concentration; number of hyperglycaemic and hypoglycaemic events; and level of daily glycaemic variation. Participants will then attend a one-off appointment to undergo task-based fMRI. Imaging data of the whole-brain will be acquired via a 32-channel phased-array head coil on a Discovery MR750w 3.0T MR system. The fMRI investigation will monitor brain activation whilst messages are presented to each participant in a counterbalanced blocked design. Exposure to each stimulus (5 seconds will be compared to the reference stimulus (5 seconds; shown between each block of stimuli. Following the fMRI, participants will provide self-reported effectiveness scores via a four-point Likert scale (1-4; higher the number, higher the perceived level of effectiveness for

Optimizing complex supply chains. Applications in the petroleum, shipping and metal industries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ulstein, Nina Linn

2005-01-01

plants. The model gives a description of Elkem's supply chain, and gives planners the possib ility to explore alternative decisions and study the effects in economic and physical terms. The main contribution from this paper consists of presenting a successful application of an optimization tool, used in a critical decision making process for the company. The paper also offers useful insight into the process of developing and applying the model. The paper is co-authored by Marielle Christiansen, Roar Groenhaug, Nick Magnussen and Marius M. Solomon, and has been submitted to Interfaces. Paper 4: Supply Chain Design in the Metals Production Industry under Uncertainty in Future Prices and Demands This paper describes a stochastic extension to the planning Mol described in Paper 3. The two-stage stochastic model includes alternative scenarios for future developments in market prices and demand. This help Elkem identify robust strategies with regard to future changes in the market. The stochastic model is a large scale MIP problem and a specialised solution algorithm is proposed for solving practical problem instances. The algorithm decomposes the problem per scenario and applies global branching on first-stage variables to re-establish non-anticipativity. The main contribution from this paper is to model and solve a real-world stochastic supply chain design problem. This includes presenting a solution algorithm which enables the solution of practical problem instances. The paper has been submitted to the European Journal of Operational Research. (Author)