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Sample records for paris siglo xiv

  1. Los precursores latinos de la f??bula espa??ola del siglo XIV

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    Van Dijk, Gert-Jan

    2015-01-01

    Recorrido por las obras latinas antiguas y medievales que conforman el conjunto fabul??stico atribuido durante la Edad Media a Esopo, en el que los escritores espa??oles del siglo XIV encuentran su fuente de inspiraci??n a la hora de incorporar f??bulas a sus colecciones de cuentos o a otros tipos de obras

  2. Juristas y Teólogos en el Siglo XIV Ibérico: La retórica del antisemitismo

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    Andrea Gayoso

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo trata de la introducción de las distintas teorías filosóficas y teológicas producidas en las universidades europeas de los siglos XIII y XIV en la Península Ibérica, y de cómo ellas afectaron y contribuyeron a transformar las relaciones multiculturales que caracterizaban la vida social, intelectual y legal hispánica hasta mediados del siglo XIV. Más específicamente, mi propósito es tratar aquí la influencia de la introducción del escotismo en este contexto, el cual los historiadores han denominado Convivencia.

  3. Notarios públicos en Inglaterra en los siglos XIV y XV

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    Patrick Zutshi .

    2000-07-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo el profesor PatricK Zutshi, de la Universidad de Cambridge, analiza desde diversos ángulos el papel de los notarios públicos en Inglaterra durante los siglos XIV y XV, a partir de una serie de comentarios sobre el nombramiento, la formación académica, el tipo de investidura, la competencia, la organización gremial, los estatutos, etc., de las funciones notariales en contraste con las existentes en el continente. Esta reseña permite acercarse a los más complejos nexos entre las administraciones pública y la eclesiástica y a las sutiles y a veces tensas relaciones entre el imperio, el papado y los procesos de laicización de la administración en Inglaterra, anteriores al siglo XVI.

  4. Francesc Eiximenis y su época: finales del siglo XIV y principios del siglo XV

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    Pedro SANTONJA

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available Durante el siglo XIV se producen algunos de los episodios más controvertidos de la historiografía: el tránsito de la economía feudal a la economía precapitalista, el cambio de una sociedad eminentemente rural a una sociedad urbana y mercantil, el nacimiento de una burguesía poderosa y culta, y la evolución de la cultura monástica, escriturística y contemplativa, a la cultura conventual, especulativa y escolástica. La edad de oro de la filosofía y de la teología llamadas «escolásticas», que florecieron, efectivamente, en las escuelas, coincide más bien con el período que se extiende aproximadamente entre 1228, comienzo de la enseñanza de Alberto Magno en Colonia, hasta 1350, fecha de la muerte de Guillermo de Ockam.

  5. Productos vegetales utilizados en Madrid entre los siglos XIV y XIX

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    Menéndez de Luarca, Luis Ramón-Laca

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available In an attempt to describe the plant culture of Madrid of the Middle Ages and Modern Age, this paper provides a list of some 300 vegetal products cited in various documents referring to the city dated to the fourteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The identity of the 170 plants mentioned in these documents is discussed.

    Con la intención de esbozar una historia de la cultura madrileña de las plantas a lo largo de la Edad Media y la Edad Moderna, presentamos aquí una lista de aproximadamente 300 productos vegetales citados en diversos documentos de los siglos XIV, XVI, XVII, XVIII y XIX referentes a la ciudad de Madrid, incluyendo una hipótesis de identificación de las 170 especies correspondientes a dichos productos.

  6. Paisaje forestal y representación social en Castilla (siglos XIV-XVI. Los montes de San Salvador de Oña (Burgos

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    Francisco REYES TÉLLEZ

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo principal de este artículo es tratar de analizar la representación social del paisaje forestal perteneciente al señorío del monasterio de San Salvador de Oña (Burgos, durante los siglos XIV-XVI, a partir de las descripciones que se realizan del mismo en la documentación judicial relacionada con pleitos, pesquisas, etc. por el uso y aprovechamiento de los bosques y montes, para procurar conocer cuál era la construcción simbólica de esos paisajes de los distintos agentes sociales, e intentar valorar si esa forma de aproximarnos al territorio nos puede aportar nuevos enfoques o posibilidades de interpretación en el estudio de esa realidad.

  7. Los obispos del siglo XV

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    Sanz Sancho, Iluminado

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available In spite of the importance of the diocese of Córdoba in the Later Middle Ages, an itemized study of its bishops has not still been made. We present the episcopal biographies of the XV century now, continuation of the episcopal biographies of the XIII-XIV centuries, shown up in Hispania Sacra, 54 (2002, 21-65.

    A pesar de la importancia de la diócesis de Córdoba en la Baja Edad Media, aún no se ha hecho un estudio pormenorizado de sus obispos. Presentamos ahora el episcopologio del siglo XV, continuación del episcopologio de los siglos XIIIXIV, aparecido en Hispania Sacra, 54 (2002, 21-56.

  8. Notas sobre comercio y precio de paños y lienzos en Zamora desde el siglo XVII al siglo XIX

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    José Antonio ÁLVAREZ VÁZQUEZ

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available En la región zamorana existió industria textil desde la época medieval hasta el siglo XX, conservándose actualmente como artesanía local en vías de total desaparición, con nula importancia económica y explicable solo por el aislamiento de las comarcas en que se encuentra como residuo de la del siglo XIX. Sin embargo en los siglos medievales adquirió cierto renombre y significación económica fuera de la región. Desde el siglo XII hasta el siglo XV su industria textil tuvo la suficiente importancia como para que Zamora fuera considerada como ciudad pañera en Castilla al lado de Toledo, Avila, Segovia, Palencia, Soria,... Se orientó a los paños bastos, de calidad inferior, predominantemente picotes, sayales y sargas, e imitando incluso a los paños segovianos (se mencionan paños «segovianos de Zamora» en el siglo XIII, cuya comercialización se haría en la propia tierra, en Galicia y en Portugal como mercados más importantes. Producción y mercados que continuaron en el siglo XIV. En el siglo XV se iniciaría su decadencia en relación con las restantes ciudades textiles, pues desde la segunda mitad de dicho siglo «Zamora no aparece en ningún caso citada como centro textil importante a finales de la Edad Media».

  9. Embajadas paralelas : breve período de paz entre las continuasluchas que mantuvieron España y Franciaen el siglo XVII

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    Isabel Yetano

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Las relaciones diplomáticas entre España y Francia a lo largo del siglo XVII fueron esporádicas ya que se interrumpieron en varias ocasiones debido a las guerras entre ambos países. Tras la Paz de los Pirineos se inicia una etapa de buena correspondencia y el arzobispo de Embrún es enviado a Madrid para representar al Rey Cristianísismo ante S.M. Católica. Al mismo tiempo el marqués de La Fuente es enviado a París para representar a S.M. Católica ante el Rey Cristianísimo. Tanto el recibimiento como la despedida de los dos embajadores y, por supuesto su estancia, son muestra de las dificultades de una etapa (1660-1667 que está presidida por el incumplimiento que hace Luis XIV de la Paz de los Pirineos.During the seventeenth century, diplomatic relations between Spain and France were sporadic due to several disruptions because of wars between both countries. Shortly after the Pyrenees Peace Treaty, a period of active correspondence was initiated and the archbishop of Embrun was sent to Madrid to represent Louis XIV at the Spanish court. At the same time the marquis de la Fuente was sent to Paris to represent Felipe IV at the French court. Both the reception and the stay of the two ambassadors were signs of the difficulties of a time (1660-1667 dominated by Louis XIV s non-fulfillment of the Pyrenees Peace Treaty.

  10. España en la Universidad de Bolonia : vida académica y comunidad nacional (siglos XIII-XIV

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    Pascual Tamburri Bariain

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available Ha primado, en el estudio de las Universidades medievales, el atractivo de la historia institucional sobre el indudable interés de la vida, inquietudes y perspectivas de los estudiantes mismos. Bolonia posee unas fuentes documentales notariales, los regisros fiscales de los Memoriali, y otros testimonios igualmente preciosos, que permiten trazar un panorama de la presencia española en la gran Universidad italiana a lo largo del primer tercio del siglo xiv. El objeto de la investigación es la vida, las actividades y la organización interna de la comunidad estudiantil española en Bolonia, y el papel de los jóvenes escolares, principalmente juristas, en la evolución del Estudio y de la ciudad. La conclusión esencial del trabajo es que las relaciones intelectuales entre Italia y España durante este período se basaron más en la presencia de estudiantes que en la de maestros (a diferencia del siglo anterior o que en los vínculos institucionales (como en la época posterior, dando como resultado una convivencia panhispánica imposible en otros contextos.Much effort has been devoted to the study of the transmission of the Román Law in the Western Middie Ages. Even if that work has proved extremely useful, the subject of the study have often been the ideas, and the political and legal institutions - thus forgetting the people that made their extensión possible. With the precious prívate documentation contained in the bolognese Memoriali, helped by additional Information offered by the local criminal court acts, here is analysed the Spanish presence in the first Hallan University in the first thirty years of the 14th century. The object of this research is the Ufe, activities and organisation of the Spaniards in Bologne, and ttie role of those young jurists in the municipal and University evolution. The main conclusión of the work is that the intellectual link between Italy and Spain over that period was based on the continuous affiuence

  11. El Abad del Monasterio de Poblet como Limosnero Real y su rendición de cuentas (S. XIV

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    Ricard Monclús Guitart

    2006-07-01

    real –privilegios y obligaciones–, y lo que para nosotros ha sido más importante, los documentos que toda su administración conllevaba, así como conocer el proceso sobre el que se sustentaba la rendición de las cuentas de la limosna real, y como se produce un endurecimiento en el control de los registros a medida que nos acercamos a las postrimerías del siglo XIV.

  12. De conjunto de rentas a impuesto aduanero. La transformación del almojarifazgo durante el siglo XIV en el reino de Murcia

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    González Arce, José Damián

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Before becoming a customs duty, the almojarifazgo consisted of a set of heterogeneous income received by the Castilian monarchs. Originally, most of these rents were demanded by the Muslim rulers of the cities then conquered by the Christian kings. However, during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries the kings were giving them to the lords and local councils and kept for themselves the most interesting of all, the customs duty. The kingdom of Murcia is almost the only example to study how this transformation because it is the only territory that has retained suffi cient documentation to analyse it.

    Antes de convertirse en un impuesto aduanero, el almojarifazgo consistió en un conjunto de rentas heterogéneas percibidas por los monarcas castellanos. En origen, la mayor parte de esas rentas fueron demandadas por los gobernantes musulmanes de las ciudades luego conquistadas por los reyes cristianos. Sin embargo, durante los siglos XIII y XIV dichos reyes las fueron cediendo a los señores y concejos locales y se quedaron con la más interesante de todas, el arancel aduanero. El reino de Murcia constituye casi el único ejemplo para estudiar cómo se operó esta transformación, porque es el único territorio que ha conservado la sufi ciente documentación para poder analizar tal transformación.

  13. El comercio de productos alimentarios entre las Coronas de Castilla y Aragón en los siglos XIV y XV

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    Diago Hernando, Máximo

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available The author analyses in this article the export trade of foodstuffs between the territories of the Crown of Castile and those of the Crown of Aragón during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, taking into account the overland traffic as well as the maritime one. He gives account of the importance attained by the export of cattle, fish and corn from Castile to Aragón. And on the other side he proves that foodstuffss played a minor role in the exports from the Crown of Aragón to the Crown of Castile, though spices, wine and oil, among other foodstuffs, were exported to Castile from the territories of the Crown of Aragón.

    En este artículo el autor analiza el comercio de exportación de los productos alimentarios entre los territorios de la Corona de Castilla y los de la Corona de Aragón, durante los siglos XIV y XV, tanto por vía terrestre como por vía marítima. Subraya la importancia que alcanzó la exportación de ganado, pescado y cereales desde la Corona de Castilla a la Corona de Aragón. Como contrapartida, el autor demuestra que los productos de alimentación no tenían tanta importancia dentro de las exportaciones efectuadas desde la Corona de Aragón a la Corona de Castilla, si bien las especias, el vino y el aceite fueron objeto de exportación desde la Corona de Aragón a Castilla.

  14. El cuidado del alma y otros cuidados en las cartas de aniversario del cabildo de los clérigos de Cuéllar en el siglo XIV = The Care of the Soul and Other Concerns in Obit Endowment Charters of the Chapter of Clerics of Cuéllar in the Fourteenth Century

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    Mauricio Herrero Jiménez

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo que presentamos tiene como objeto fundamental el estudio de las cartas de aniversario. Aplicando el método de la ciencia diplomática, nos proponemos mostrar cómo las cartas de aniversario del cabildo de los clérigos de Cuéllar muestran lo concerniente a la preocupación por el alma después de la muerte, al valor de la oración y lo que fue donado para pagarlas, con  cuyas donaciones el capítulo incremento su patrimonio, sobre todo en el siglo XIV.The present paper aims to offer an study of anniversary documents. Using the method of the diplomatic science, we propose showing how the anniversary documents of the chapter of clerics of Cuéllar teach us to concern about the soul after death, the value of prayer, and what was donated to pay them, with whose donations the chapter increased its heritage specially in the XIV century.

  15. Pouvoir et religion à la chapelle royale de Versailles sous Louis XIV Power and religion at the royal chapel of Versailles under Louis XIV

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    Alexandre Maral

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available D’une manière peut‑être plus sensible que partout ailleurs, les objets et les insignes du pouvoir prennent une importance particulière dans le contexte du cérémonial liturgique de la religion catholique. À la chapelle royale de Versailles, la présence régulière du monarque et de sa cour complique encore la situation, d’autant que la desserte est assurée par deux corps distincts d’ecclésiastiques. Dépassant le simple cadre des préséances, Louis XIV a défini autour de sa personne royale un système rituel susceptible d’en manifester le caractère épiscopal dérivé du sacre. De même, l’enjeu juridictionnel représenté par la Chapelle royale se traduit par un jeu subtil d’attitudes, de gestes et de rites, chorégraphie sacrée qui accompagne et exprime les revendications des partisans et des adversaires de l’exemption du lieu de culte royal au regard du diocèse de Paris. Ce discours trouve un écho partiel dans le programme décoratif de la chapelle définitive du palais, achevée en 1710.Objects and symbols of power take on a particular importance in the liturgical ceremony of the Catholic Church, perhaps more so than in any other context. At the royal chapel of Versailles, the regular presence of the king and his court complicated the situation further, all the more so in that religious ceremony was administered by two distinct ecclesiastic bodies. Beyond the rules of precedence, Louis XIV had introduced around his royal persona a system of ritual that would manifest the episcopal identity conferred upon him by his coronation. Similarly, the jurisdictional authority represented by the royal chapel was conveyed in a subtle play of attitudes, gestures and rites, a symbolic choreography that accompanied and expressed the claims of the partisans and adversaries of the exemption of the royal place of worship with regard to the diocese of Paris. This stance was reflected in the decorative scheme of the palace

  16. Guerras y paces hispano-turcas. Algunas repercusiones teológicas en la obra de Manuel Traggia (fines del siglo XVIII)

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    Epalza, M. (Mikel) de

    2007-01-01

    La aparición del Imperio Turco- Otomano en las costas orientales del Mediterráneo (penínsulas de Anatolia y de los Balcanes) se hace sentir a lo largo de los siglos medievales (XIV-XV), hasta la conquista clamorosa de Bizancio (Constantinopla, Estambul, Istanbul en turco, Istana en árabe), en 1453. Al principio del XVI se extiende por Siria, Mesopotamia, valle del Nilo y las costas del Norte de África, donde choca con las conquistas de Castilla y el Imperio Españ...

  17. [Boulduc's dynasty, apothecaries in Paris in XVIIth an XVIIIth centuries (following the article published in Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 2001, no. 331, p. 339-354)].

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    Warolin, Christian

    2002-01-01

    Like his father Simon Boulduc, Gilles-François Boulduc worked as a demonstrator in chemistry at the Jardin Royal. He was the apothecary of King Louis XIV and King Louis XV, a member of the Académie Royale des Sciences. In addition he was appointed alderman of the town of Paris. He worked in Paris rue des Boucheries and went into partnership with another apothecary, Claude Pia. He was also the drug supplier of the Duke de Saint-Simon who quoted him several times as a Royal apothecary in his Mémoires. Gilles-François Boulduc's main chemistry research work is presented in this article.

  18. El cabildo catedralicio de Segovia como aparato de poder en el sistema político urbano durante el siglo XV

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    Miguel SANTAMARÍA LANCHO

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo pretendo analizar algunos aspectos de la recuperación castellana del siglo XV. Este período ha sido justamente considerado como una etapa expansiva tras la crisis bajomedieval. Existen, y han sido difundidos profusamente, indicadores de la temprana recuperación económica de la Corona de Castilla. No pretendo aquí incidir en algo que ya resulta sobradamente conocido, sino mostrar cómo el proceso de recuperación no debe ser considerado simplemente como una fase A de un ciclo económico —durante la cual se recupera la población, aumenta la producción agraria, se roturan nuevos campos, crece la producción de manufacturas y se amplían los intercambios—, sino que en este siglo, desde mi punto de vista, se verifican las últimas fases de un largo proceso de elaboración del sistema de reproducción social de los grupos privilegiados de la sociedad castellana. En definitiva, al igual que la crisis del XIV no puede intepretarse como una crisis malthusiana, tampoco ha de interpretarse el siglo XV como una expansión malthusiana.

  19. Detección de indicios de manipulación contable y posible práctica “fraudulenta” en el gremio del comercio textil de Londres en los siglos XIV y XV = Evidences in detection of accounting manipulation and potential “fraud” in the textile industry in London during the 14th and 15th centuries

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    Ángel Ballarín Garnica

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available El gremio del comercio textil de Londres es una institución con más de 710 años de historia que todavía sigue ejerciendo su actividad. Desde el siglo XIV dispone de registros contables detallados que reflejan su actividad económica. Este trabajo pretende obtener indicios de manipulación contable en dicha institución mediante técnicas forenses (Ley de Benford en el periodo 1390-1435. La aplicación de esta técnica ha puesto de manifiesto la existencia de indicios de una posible manipulación contable que confirma la existencia de prácticas “fraudulentas” (pagos a un parlamentario, alcalde…. The Mercers’ of London is an institution with more than 710 years of history which is exercising still today. Since the XIV century it has kept thorough accounting records showing its economic activity. This paper’s goal is to obtain indications of accounting manipulation in this institution during the period 1390 to 1435, by using forensic techniques (Benford’s Law. The use of this technique has revealed the presence of indications of a possible accounting manipulation, which confirms the existence of ‘fraudulent’ practices such as payments to a MP and the mayor of London.

  20. The king's animals and the king's books: the illustrations for the Paris Academy's Histoire des animaux.

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    Guerrini, Anita

    2010-07-01

    This essay explores the place of natural philosophy among the patronage projects of Louis XIV, focusing on the Mémoires pour servir a l'histoire naturelle des animaux (or Histoire des animaux) of the 1670s, one of a number of works of natural philosophy to issue from Louis XIV's printing house. Questions particular to the Histoire des animaux include the interaction between text and image, the credibility and authority of images of exotic animals, and the relationship between comparative anatomy and natural history, and between human and animal anatomy. At the same time that the Histoire des animaux contributed to Jean-Baptiste Colbert's management of patronage and of Louis's image, it was a work of natural philosophy, representing the collaborative efforts of the new Paris Academy of Sciences. It examined natural history and comparative anatomy in new ways, and its illustrations broke new ground in their depiction of animals in a natural setting. However, the lavishly formatted books were presentation volumes and did not gain wide circulation until their republication in 1733. Sources consulted include Colbert's manuscript memoires on the royal printers and engravers.

  1. “Item perrexil, mostarda, lechugas et rauanos”. Notas sobre la alimentación de mineros alemanes en Pamplona a finales del siglo XIV (1392

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    Serrano Larráyoz, Fernando

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available The present article represents an approximation to the food of some German miners settled in Pamplona at the end of the 14th century, to carry out a series of assays intended to determine the kind of metals present in the ore and their actual proportion, with the purpose to verify the profitability of some seams found at Five Villages. Their food accounting for approximately one and a half months, give us first hand information of their habits and of those sharing the table with them. To a certain extent, it is possible to extrapolate these practices to the ones of part of Navarra's salary earners. In them, we could sense certain customs or preferences characteristic of North Europe.

    El presente artículo es una aproximación a la alimentación de unos mineros alemanes que, a finales del siglo XIV, se asientan en Pamplona con el fin de realizar una serie de ensayos (averiguación de los metales que contiene la mena —el mineral metalífero—, y la proporción en que cada uno está con el peso de ella en los que determinar la rentabilidad de algunos filones mineros encontrados en la zona de las Cinco Villas. Las cuentas de los gastos que realizan en alimentación, en aprox. mes y medio, nos acercan de primera mano a los hábitos de estos hombres y de quienes les acompañan en la mesa. Unas prácticas que es posible extrapolar, en cierta medida, a parte de la menestralía navarra, y en las que podemos intuir ciertas costumbres (o gustos propios de la Europa del Norte.

  2. Los libros de obra del palacio de la Almudaina y su relación con la Rentas Reales de la Procuración Real del Reino de Mallorca, primer tercio del siglo XIV

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    María Llompart Bibiloni

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available El palacio de la Almudaina es una de las principales obras urbanísticas proyectadas por Jaime II de Mallorca, que empezaron hacia 1305, y no acabaron hasta 1315-1316. El presente artículo se centra en el estudio de tres libros contables que se encuentran en el Archivo Histórico de Mallorca relativos a dichas obras, en concreto de los años 1309, 1310 y 1313. Dichos registros nos permiten conocer, en detalle, no solo los costes de construcción y remodelación de dicha obra emblemática, sino también la manera de trabajar en la isla a principios del siglo XIV. Se analizan los costes de maestros y profesionales, mano de obra no cualificada, mujeres y esclavos, así como los materiales contabilizados, las fuentes de financiación utilizadas y su relación con los ingresos y gastos de la Procuración Real de Mallorca en dicho periodo. Estos Llibres de la Almudayna son los documentos más antiguos, que han llegado a nuestros días, referidos a unas obras de tales dimensiones en el Reino de Mallorca y son una fuente fiable de datos útiles para la investigación histórica de esa época.

  3. [The disgrace of Antoine Daquin, first physician of Louis XIV (1693)].

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    Peumery, J J

    1996-12-01

    Antoine Daquin, Principal Physician of Louis XIV and Earl of Jouy-en-Josas, was born in Paris. He was the son of Louis-Henri Daquin, Physician to Queen Marie de Médicis; his paternal grandfather, born in the Jewish religion, became converted to catholicism at Aquino, in Italy, whence his name d'Aquin, then Daquin. A. Daquin studied to be a doctor at Montpellier and graduated on 18 May 1648. He married Marguerite Gayant, Antoine Vallot's niece, Antoine Vallot being the Principal Physician of Louis XIV. This relationship permitted him to get the position of Principal Physician of the Queen, then, after Vallot's death, to succeed him, on 18 April 1672, as Principal Physician of the King. The kindliness of the King's mistress, Mme de Montespan, helped him in that appointment. Daquin was a good doctor, he turned out awkward: "great courtier, but rich, miser, grasping, wanting to establish his family anyway" said the Duc de Saint-Simon. He dared ask the King for the Archbishopric of Tours for his son: "it was the rock on which he broke up" said again Saint-Simon. On 2 November 1693, the comte de Pontchartrain came to his home by order of the King, to tell him, he was ordered to retire from Court without delay. It was forbidden him to come back or to write to the King. Guy-Crescent Fagon was designated "Premier Médecin" instead of him; but Fagon had worked at the undoing of Daquin, with a view to robbing him of his position, with the complicity of the King's new mistress, Mme de Maintenon. After his disgrace, Daquin retired probably to Moulins; he died obscurely in Vichy, on 17 May 1696. Today, Daquin is regarded as a victim of intrigues of Court, which explains his celebrity.

  4. La sinagoga Mayor de Segovia y sus propiedades urbanas a comienzos del siglo XV

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    Bartolomé Herrero, Bonifacio

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available The Grand Synagogue of Segovia was built at the end of 13th century or in the early 14th. It was taken from the Jews at the beginning of the 15th century, being consecrated as a church dedicated to the Corpus Christi, and in 1421 it was given to the Augustinian abbey of Santa Maria de Parraces. In this article, the author provides a compilation of the known data concerning this synagogue, as well as with an analysis of the religious, social and economic meaning of the Corpus Christi church, from its dedication until the end of expulsion of the Jews. He also studies six tenancy agreements that has allowed him to reconstruct the real estate that once belonged to the synagogue.

    La sinagoga Mayor de Segovia fue construida a fines del siglo XIII o entrado ya el siglo XIV. A comienzos del siglo XV fue tomada a los judíos y consagrada como iglesia bajo la advocación del Corpus Christi, siendo entregada en 1421 su posesión a la abadía agustina de Santa María de Párraces. En el presente trabajo el autor recopila las noticias conocidas de esta sinagoga, se analiza la significación religiosa, social y económica de la iglesia de Corpus Christi desde su consagración hasta la expulsión de los judíos, y se estudian seis contratos de alquiler (fechados entre 1424 y 1478 que permiten reconstruir el conjunto de bienes inmuebles que habían pertenecido a la antigua sinagoga

  5. Clostridium XIV Meeting

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lynd, Lee

    2016-08-28

    The 14th biannual Clostridium meeting was held at Dartmouth College from August 28 through 31, 2016. As noted in the meeting program (http://clostridiumxiv.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Clostridium_XIV_program.pdf). the meeting featured 119 registered attendees, 33 oral presentations, 5 of which were given by younger presenters, 40 posters, and 2 keynote presentations, with strong participation by female and international scientists.

  6. Producción local, abastecimiento urbano y regulación municipal : el marco legal del vino en Bilbao (S. XIV-XVI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana María Rivera Medina

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo pretendemos analizar la política intervencionista del Ayuntamiento de Bilbao, entre los siglos XIV y XVI, sobre el cultivo, producción y comercialización de vinos, tanto locales como foráneos, en un momento de transición: el paso de la Baja Edad Media al comienzo de la Modernidad. Intentaremos, igualmente, demostrar cómo el Ayuntamiento, máxima expresión del poder local, regula los distintos ámbitos de la viticultura, con el fin de proteger la producción local frente a la competencia de los vinos foráneos, con el propósito de lograr el abastecimiento de la Villa.The present article analyzes the interventionist politics of the City council of Bilbao, among the XIV and XVI centuries, on the cultivation, production and commercialization of wines, so much local as foreign, in a transition moment: the pass from the Late Middle Ages to the beginning of the Modern period. We will attempt, equally, to demonstrate how the City council, maximum expression of the local power, regulates the different environments of the viticulture, with the purpose of protecting the local production in front of the competition of the foreign wines, with the purpose of achieving the supply of the Villa.

  7. Para una historia fiscal de la Mallorca cristiana (siglos XIII-XIV

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    López Bonet, Juan Francisco

    2008-06-01

    quedan en situación de dependencia de los acreedores hasta entrado el siglo XIX.

  8. Las residencias de Carlos III el Noble en París a comienzos del siglo XV : el Hôtel de Clisson y el Hôtel de Navarre

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María NARBONA CÁRCELES

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available Uno de los temas que atañen a la itinerancia cortesana es el de la instalación en una gran ciudad. Y, entre las grandes capitales del momento, París se mostraba indiscutiblemente como lugar de paso o de destino privilegiado de muchos de estos príncipes «itinerantes». Carlos III el Noble, rey de Navarra (1387-1425, fue uno de los grandes príncipes foráneos que frecuentaron París, realizando allí durante largas estancias, entre 1378 y 1411, de las cuales se ha conservado una interesante documentación. La cuestión del alojamiento del rey de Navarra en París, a partir de los documentos conservados tanto en los archivos franceses como en los navarros, será el tema de este trabajo. Además, la reaparición de un «Hôtel de Navarre» en París en los últimos años del siglo XIV, se presenta como un claro síntoma de la presencia de nuevo de los Navarra-Évreux en el seno de la corte francesa.L’un des sujets concernant l’itinérance de la cour est celui de l’installation dans une grande ville. Et, parmi les grandes capitales du moment, Paris était, de façon indiscutable, le lieu de passage ou de destination privilégiée de beaucoup de ces princes « itinérants ». Charles III, le Noble, roi de Navarre (1387-1425, a été l’un de ces princes étrangers qui l’ont fréquentée, y demeurant pendant des longs séjours, entre 1378 et 1411, pour lesquels on conserve une intéressante documentation. La question abordée ici sera celle du logement du roi de Navarre à Paris, à partir des documents conservés autant dans des archives françaises que navarraises. De plus, la réapparition d’un « Hôtel de Navarre » à Paris dans les dernières années du XIVe siècle, est un clair symptôme de la présence, à nouveau, des Navarre-Évreux au sein de la cour de France.

  9. ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PT PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA XIV MAKASSAR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jefri Dominggus Simon

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available JEFRI DOMINGGUS SIMON.2017. Thesis.4513012048. "Financial Performance Analysis at PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIV Makassar". (Mentored by Dr.Miah Said, SE., M.Si as consultant I and Muh.Kafrawi Yunus, SE., MM as consultant II. This study aims to analyze the financial performance of PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIV Makassar during 2013 until 2015 by using ratio analysis: Liquidity, solvency, Activity and Profitability. The results of this study indicate that based on Liquidity ratios including Current ratio, Quick ratio and Cash ratio has increased. In general, the ratio of Solvency is in a less good position, while for Profitability ratio of receivables turnover, inventory turnover and asset turnover fluctuated. In general, the activity ratio of PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIV Makassar in the period of 2013 to 2015 has decreased

  10. La fábula esópica, los cuentos y los exempla del siglo xiv en el Baldo, un libro de caballerías del siglo XVI

    OpenAIRE

    Pastrana Santamarta, Tomasa

    2015-01-01

    Una obra renacentista como el Baldo da cabida en sus páginas a fábulas esópicas y cuentos medievales que se han ido transmitiendo y adaptando en el transcurso de los siglos. El autor encuentra en este tipo de narraciones una forma directa y sencilla de exponer enseñanzas para, de este modo, justificar la existencia de los libros de caballerías, en un momento en que se suscita la polémica debido a su «falta de verosimilitud». La presencia de estos cuentos es una reivindicación de su utilidad a...

  11. Créditos, deudas y pagos en el área rural castellano-leonesa (siglos XI-XIV

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guillermo CASTÁN LANASPA

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available No es habitual en los estudios de Historia Rural realizados hasta la fecha, concernientes a nuestro país, encontrar apartados concretos, ni aún a veces referencias, relativos a un asunto que, como el crédito, las deudas y las formas de pago, parece, apriori, básico para entender la economía campesina y su evolución en los siglos medievales; y, sin embargo, por lo que sabemos, el recurso a estos mecanismos económicos era habitual por necesariol. Es cierto que la documentación conservada de la época no es muy explícita en lo referente a este tema (como a otros muchos que, sin embargo, han merecido amplio tratamiento en las monografías, pero existen documentos, aunque dispersos, suficientes para hacer una primera aproximación al tema. Por lo demás, no se puede olvidar la existencia de otras fuentes que, como las Crónicas, actas de las sesiones de Cortes y fueros, hacen abundantes referencias de inestimable valor.

  12. RECUERDOS DEL SIGLO XX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ASUNCIÓN LAVRIN

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Este ensayo hace una revisión de conceptos clave en la educación de la mujer en Hispanoamérica, en la primera mitad del siglo XX, y el debate sobre la educación superior de la mujer. También analiza las ideas de Gabriela Mistral para la educación femenina en su Lectura para mujeres, y las compara con las de la escritora mexicana Rosario Castellanos. Finalmente, hace un llamado por nuevos modelos educativos para la mujer de siglo XXI.Este ensayo hace una revisión de conceptos clave en la educación de la mujeren Hispanoamérica, en la primera mitad del siglo XX, y el debate sobre laeducación superior de la mujer. También analiza las ideas de Gabriela Mistralpara la educación femenina en su Lectura para mujeres, y las comparacon las de la escritora mexicana Rosario Castellanos. Finalmente, hace unllamado por nuevos modelos educativos para la mujer de siglo XXI.

  13. Paris INDCs: will they achieve the goal of the Paris Climate Agreement?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tribett, W. R.; Salawitch, R. J.; Hope, A. P.; Bennett, B.; Canty, T. P.

    2016-12-01

    We provide an overview of the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted prior to the 21st meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which are the backbone of the Paris Climate Agreement. Two flavors of INDCs were submitted: unconditional (i.e., firm commitments) and conditional (commitments contingent on financial flow and/or technology transfer). Generally, the Paris INDCs extend to year 2030. However, achievement of either the target (1.5 °C warming) or upper limit (2.0 °C warming) of the Paris Agreement requires consideration of emissions out to 2060, due to the projected rise in energy demand, growing populations, and rising standards of living. We therefore project global carbon emissions out to year 2060, and compare to various RCP scenarios of IPCC (2013). These projections will be used to assess whether the target (1.5 °C warming) or upper limit (2.0 °) of the Paris Climate Agreement will be met.

  14. Type XII and XIV collagens mediate interactions between banded collagen fibers in vitro and may modulate extracellular matrix deformability.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nishiyama, T; McDonough, A M; Bruns, R R; Burgeson, R E

    1994-11-11

    Type XII and XIV collagens are very large molecules containing three extended globular domains derived from the amino terminus of each alpha chain and an interrupted triple helix. Both collagens are genetically and immunologically unique and have distinct distributions in many tissues. These collagens localize near the surface of banded collagen fibrils. The function of the molecules is unknown. We have prepared a mixture of native type XII and XIV collagens that is free of contaminating proteins by electrophoretic criteria. In addition, we have purified the collagenase-resistant globular domains of type XII or XIV collagens (XII-NC-3 or XIV-NC-3). In this study, we have investigated the effect of intact type XII and XIV and XII-NC-3 or XIV-NC-3 on the interactions between fibroblasts and type I collagen fibrils. We find that both type XII and XIV collagens promote collagen gel contraction mediated by fibroblasts, even in the absence of serum. The activity is present in the NC-3 domains. The effect is dose-dependent and is inhibited by denaturation. The effect of type XII NC-3 is inhibited by the addition of anti-XII antiserum. To elucidate the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we examined the effect of XII-NC-3 or XIV-NC-3 on deformability of collagen gels by centrifugal force. XII-NC-3 or XIV-NC-3 markedly promotes gel compression after centrifugation. The effect is also inhibited by denaturation, and the activity of type XII-NC3 is inhibited by the addition of anti-XII antiserum. The results indicate that the effect of XII-NC-3 or XIV-NC-3 on collagen gel contraction by fibroblasts is not due to activation of cellular events but rather results from the increase in mobility of hydrated collagen fibrils within the gel. These studies suggest that collagen types XII and XIV may modulate the biomechanical properties of tissues.

  15. Viajes a Flandes e Inglaterra : ¿cabotaje o recta via?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Ortega Villoslada

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available El inicio de ios viajes atlánticos de los marinos del Mediterráneo hacia Flandes e Inglaterra se produce en la segunda mitad del siglo XIII mediante los viajes directos entre Galicia y la Bretaña francesa. Sin embargo, la navegación de cabotaje no se producirá hasta la primera mitad del siglo XIV.The beginning of the Atlantic voyages of the marines of the Mediterranean toward Flanders and England, came about during the second half of the XIII century by means of the direct voyages between Galicia and the French Brittany. Whereas the coasting trade navigation was not standarized until the first half of the XIV century.

  16. 25 CFR 36.41 - Standard XIV-Textbooks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Standard XIV-Textbooks. 36.41 Section 36.41 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EDUCATION MINIMUM ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR THE BASIC EDUCATION OF INDIAN CHILDREN AND NATIONAL CRITERIA FOR DORMITORY SITUATIONS Instructional Support § 36.41 Standard XIV—Textbooks. (a) Each school shal...

  17. Paris Offscreen: Chinese Tourists in Cinematic Paris

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Y.-A. O. Dung (Yun-An Olivia); S.L. Reijnders (Stijn)

    2013-01-01

    markdownabstract__Abstract__ This article examines from a European-Asian perspective the relationship between media representations and the tourist’s imagination. We use the case of Chinese tourists in Paris to investigate how these non-European tourists imagine Europe, and how these imaginations

  18. Paris

    Science.gov (United States)

    2001-01-01

    [figure removed for brevity, see original site] Figure 1 This image of Paris was acquired on July 23, 2000 and covers an area of 23 by 20 km. Known as the City of Light, Paris has been extolled for centuries as one of the great cities of the world. Its location on the Seine River, at a strategic crossroads of land and river routes, has been the key to its expansion since the Parisii tribe first settled here in the 3rd century BC. Paris is an alluring city boasting many monumental landmarks, such as the Cathedral of Notre Dame, the Louvre, and the Eiffel Tower. Its beautiful gardens, world-class cuisine, high fashion, sidewalk cafes, and intellectual endeavors are well known. The city's cultural life is centered on the Left Bank of the Seine, while business and commerce dominate the Right Bank. The image is located at 48.8 degrees north latitude and 2.3 degrees east longitude. In figure 1, the 4 enlarged areas zoom in to some of the major buildings. In the UPPER LEFT, the Eiffel Tower and its shadow are seen. Based on the length of the shadow and the solar elevation angle of 59 degrees, we can calculate its height as 324 m (1054 ft), compared to its actual height of 303 m (985 ft). In the UPPER RIGHT, the Arc de Triomphe is at the center of the Place de L'etoile, from which radiate 12 major boulevards. In the LOWER LEFT is the Tuileries Garden and the Louvre Museum art its eastern end. In the LOWER RIGHT is the Invalides, the burial place and monument of Napoleon Bonaparte. The U.S. science team is located at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. The Terra mission is part of NASA's Science Mission Directorate.

  19. Exploration report in mining reserve XIV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Spoturno Pioppo, J.; Lara Vigil, P.

    1991-01-01

    This report has been referred to the antecedents and works developed in the mining Reservation XIV. This Reservation, covered a 1900 km2 surface, involving the aerial photography Valentines Cerro Chato, Chileno, Rossel y Rius, Sarandi del Yi and Cuchilla del Pescado. It has been reduced this area to western part of the aerial phothograpy Pavas, releasing other areas such as Chileno, Rossel y Rius, Cuchilla del Pescado y Cerro Chato. Finally, gold, sulphures, pirite and carbonates iron oxides findings have been found.

  20. Entre las "maravillas de Bretaña" y el saber "enciclopédico": aspecto de lo maravilloso en el Conte du Papegau

    OpenAIRE

    Amor, Lidia

    2011-01-01

    El Conte du Papegau, breve relato de fines del siglo XIV o principios del siglo XV, narra las primeras aventuras del mítico rey Arturo, recientemente coronado, junto a un papagayo, ave locuaz que lo acompaña en un periplo de aventuras maravillas y encuentros amorosos. Deudor de la literatura pretérita, el relato del Conte se organiza mediante la acumulación de episodios y motivos recreados tanto en la producción de Chrétien de Troyes como en algunos romans en verso del siglo XIII, circunstanc...

  1. International Conference Approximation Theory XIV

    CERN Document Server

    Schumaker, Larry

    2014-01-01

    This volume developed from papers presented at the international conference Approximation Theory XIV,  held April 7–10, 2013 in San Antonio, Texas. The proceedings contains surveys by invited speakers, covering topics such as splines on non-tensor-product meshes, Wachspress and mean value coordinates, curvelets and shearlets, barycentric interpolation, and polynomial approximation on spheres and balls. Other contributed papers address a variety of current topics in approximation theory, including eigenvalue sequences of positive integral operators, image registration, and support vector machines. This book will be of interest to mathematicians, engineers, and computer scientists working in approximation theory, computer-aided geometric design, numerical analysis, and related approximation areas.

  2. From Penrith to Paris

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katherine Elizabeth Clay

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Katherine Clay has written her first graphic novel, 'From Penrith to Paris', based on experiences of her first semester in France. It deals with the issues of student life, the loss of cultural identity through language and what it means to come from the cultural wasteland of Sydney to the cultural capital of the world - Paris. Through these funny and often life changing experiences, she realises the value of her hometown and that culture, no matter how it is perceived, plays an enormous role in the shaping of individuals.

  3. Cuba y el Socialismo del siglo XXI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iván Porfirio Santos Víctores

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo trata acerca de cómo, después de la desaparición  del socialismo en la URSS y en Europa del Este, el llamado Socialismo del siglo XXI representa el desafío actual de reinventar o renovar el socialismo; tomando en cuenta las experiencias de los socialismos que se vivieron, aunque partiendo siempre de las condiciones y la realidad concreta y particular de cada país. Cuando se habla de Socialismo del Siglo XXI no se trata sobre algo definitivamente acabado, conceptualizado, sino precisamente sobre un constructo en desarrollo, el cual es la expresión actual de un abordaje renovado de la construcción del socialismo. Cuba, que inició su proceso revolucionario a mediados del siglo pasado, constituye, con su proyecto de actualización del socialismo, un ejemplo paradigmático donde, con sus características y particularidades históricas, encontramos lo que podríamos llamar una transición del socialismo clásico alternativo sui generis del siglo XX al  socialismo del siglo XXI, con la adopción de políticas públicas que estimulen la sostenibilidad del desarrollo económico y social del país mediante la consolidación de un socialismo próspero y sostenible, comprometido con los valores fundacionales  históricos del proyecto social cubano.

  4. Chemical characteristics of saponins from Paris fargesii var. brevipetala and cytotoxic activity of its main ingredient, paris saponin H.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wen, Feiyan; Yin, Hongxiang; Chen, Chu; Liu, Xianbo; Xue, Dan; Chen, Tiezhu; He, Jun; Zhang, Hao

    2012-06-01

    More attention was paid to the anti-tumor activity of Rhizoma Paridis (RP) recently, of which the wild resource was decreased significantly. This study was aimed to elucidate the chemical characteristics of Paris fargesii var. brevipetala (PFB) that may be administrated as alternate resource of legal RP. A HPLC-ELSD method was established to characterize the steroid saponins in rhizomes of PFB and two legal Paris species [Paris polyphylla var. chinensis (PPC) and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis (PPY)] in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (CP). Ten saponins (paris saponins I, II, V, VI, VII, H, gracillin and other three paris saponins) were involved as standards. The results indicated that PFB contained pennogenyl saponins as the main components with small amounts of diosgenin saponins. The total contents of the detected saponins in PFB ranged from 9.12mg/g to 85.33mg/g. Nine of the twelve PFB samples own a total content of paris saponins I, II, VI, and VII more than 6.0mg/g (meeting the standard of CP 2010 edition). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares-Discriminate Analysis (PLS-DA) both confirmed the fact that saponin profiles of PFB, PPC and PPY were different from each other. In addition, paris saponin H (Ps H), the predominant saponin of PFB (>50%), was tested in vitro to evaluate its cytotoxic activities on HepG2, A549, RPE and L929 cells with a positive control of Cisplatin. Ps H showed a remarkable cytotoxic activity on A549 cells with an IC(50) value of 1.53±0.08μg/mL. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. Climate Justice and the Paris Agreement

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Michelot, Agnes

    2016-01-01

    The concept of climate justice has been, for the first time, used in an international agreement - namely, the Paris Agreement. But this recognition of the notion of climate justice is extremely restricted by the very way it is formulated. Preamble of the Paris Agreement 'notes' that climate justice is recognized by 'certain cultures'. Does it mean that particular and concrete stakes of climate justice of the pre-COP21 agenda have been recognized or, on the contrary, that the notion so introduced is actually an empty shell without any genuine legal perspective? Considering this uncertainty, it appears relevant to analyze the Paris Agreement through the claims of various groups and coalitions, which influenced the COP21 negotiations

  6. What agreement in Paris in 2015?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Colombier, Michel; Ribera, Teresa

    2015-01-01

    In Warsaw, countries agreed to a process whereby each will unilaterally design and communicate its contribution toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. This process is to be ratified in late 2015 in Paris. Will the Paris agreement mark a turning point in climate policy? Will it measure up to the ambitions proclaimed by the international community at the Durban meeting?

  7. Un siglo aún por descubrir en la Historia de España: el siglo V después de Cristo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Javier Guzmán Armario

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available El siglo V después de Cristo es, sin duda, el más desconocido de la Historia de España. Ello se debe a que, desde fines del siglo XIX, los historiadores han cultivado una imagen de esa centuria marcada por los vicios de la historiografía tradicional que incluso ha llegado a nuestro tiempo. En la actualidad, es necesario recurrir a nuevos planteamientos metodológicos (en este artículo el autor propone cuatro argumentos al respecto y a nuevas perspectivas en Arqueología si se quiere corregir esa deficiencia en un siglo tan importante para la Historia de España.

  8. Poliitika ja poeesia eesti graafikas : Tallinna XIV graafikatriennaal ja "Impact 5" / Andri Ksenofontov

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Ksenofontov, Andri, 1962-

    2007-01-01

    Tallinna XIV graafikatriennaalist "Poliitiline/Poeetiline" ning rahvusvahelisest graafikakonverentsist "Impact 5" teemal "Lõigatud aeg" ja selle raames avatud näitustest (Vappu Thurlowi kureeritud "Lõigatud aeg" Adamson-Ericu muuseumis jpt.)

  9. The Classic: On Rest and Pain: Lecture XIV.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hilton, John

    2009-09-01

    This Classic article is a reprint of the original work by John Hilton, On Rest and Pain: Lecture XIV. An accompanying biographical sketch on John Hilton, MD, is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-009-0927-2 . The Classic Article is reprinted with courtesy from Hilton J. On The Influence of Mechanical and Physiological Rest in the Treatment of Accidents and Surgical Diseases, and the Diagnostic Value of Pain. London, England: Bell and Daldy; 1863.

  10. Paris Commune Imagery in China's Mass Media.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meiss, Guy T.

    The role of ideology in mass media practices is explored in an analysis of the relation between the Paris Commune of 1871 and the Shanghai Commune of 1967, two attempts to translate the philosophical concept of dictatorship of the proletariat into some political form. A review of the use of Paris Commune imagery by the Chinese to mobilize the…

  11. Morphological diversity of wild medicinal Paris L. from China and ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Paris L. (Trilliaceae) is a temperate genus of about 24 perennial herbaceous species distributed from Europe to Eastern Asia. Paris is notable in China for its medicinal value. An investigation was conducted to determine the variations of 27 morphological characters of 196 accessions from 8 populations of medicinal Paris ...

  12. Gerencia del Siglo XXI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John Orlando Crissien Castillo

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available El cambio es más rápido que nunca, la tecnología genera nuevos modelos gerenciales, los mercados se abren, el paradigma de la competitividad y la productividad. Los gerentes modernos estamos expuestos a muchas presiones generadoras de estrés; hecho que, según la OMS (Organización Mundial de la  alud, está entre las tres enfermedades que cobran más muertes en el mundo. EL campo de juego gerencial ha cambiado: por ende la gerencia del siglo XXI requiere un perfil de administrador-gerente diferente. Este nuevo gerente se debe tornar líder y administrador. Las cosas se administran, la gente se lidera, se gerencia. Por esto el gerente líder del siglo XXI se debe formar, capacitar, entrenar en aquellas habilidades-competencias requeridas por este nuevo entorno. Por tal razón debe generar dos sets de competencias: las de gerente integral y el desarrollo de la capacidad directiva.

  13. Cuba y el Socialismo del siglo XXI

    OpenAIRE

    Iván Porfirio Santos Víctores; Miguel Ángel Hernández García

    2017-01-01

    El presente artículo trata acerca de cómo, después de la desaparición  del socialismo en la URSS y en Europa del Este, el llamado Socialismo del siglo XXI representa el desafío actual de reinventar o renovar el socialismo; tomando en cuenta las experiencias de los socialismos que se vivieron, aunque partiendo siempre de las condiciones y la realidad concreta y particular de cada país. Cuando se habla de Socialismo del Siglo XXI no se trata sobre algo definitivamente acabado, conceptualizado, ...

  14. PROYECTOS DE INTEGRACIÓN EN AMÉRICA LATINA DURANTE EL SIGLO XX. UNA MIRADA A LA INTEGRACIÓN REGIONAL EN EL SIGLO XXI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Augusto Bermudez Torres

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Desde el siglo XIX, con la formación de los Estados nacionales en Latinoamérica, se han promovido proyectos integracionistas aún no concluidos. Actualmente, se resalta la necesidad de la integración entre países en distintos aspectos: económico, político, militar, diplomático. El propósito de este artículo es exponer las razones por las cuales el "panamericanismo" impuesto por los Estados Unidos se convirtió en el principal obstáculo para la consolidación de un verdadero proyecto de integración latinoamericano durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Finalmente, después de realizar un recorrido por distintos intentos de integración durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX (observando las dificultades que ha tenido históricamente la comunidad regional, se pretende analizar la experiencia del Mercosur como el más consolidado proyecto de integración latinoamericano vigente en los comienzos del siglo XXI, en el ámbito económico e, incluso, político.

  15. The myriad challenges of the Paris Agreement

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mitchell, Dann; Allen, Myles R.; Hall, Jim W.; Muller, Benito; Rajamani, Lavanya; Le Quéré, Corinne

    2018-05-01

    The much awaited and intensely negotiated Paris Agreement was adopted on 12 December 2015 by the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The agreement set out a more ambitious long-term temperature goal than many had anticipated, implying more stringent emissions reductions that have been under-explored by the research community. By its very nature a multidisciplinary challenge, filling the knowledge gap requires not only climate scientists, but the whole Earth system science community, as well as economists, engineers, lawyers, philosophers, politicians, emergency planners and others to step up. To kick start cross-disciplinary discussions, the University of Oxford's Environmental Change Institute focused its 25th anniversary conference upon meeting the challenges of the Paris Agreement for science and society. This theme issue consists of review papers, opinion pieces and original research from some of the presentations within that meeting, covering a wide range of issues underpinning the Paris Agreement. This article is part of the theme issue `The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels'.

  16. Paris Convention on third party liability in the field of nuclear energy and Brussels Convention Supplementary to the Paris Convention

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1989-01-01

    This new bilingual (English and French) edition of the 1960 Paris Convention and 1963 Brussels Supplementary Convention incorporates the provisions of the Protocols which amended each of them on two occasions, in 1964 and 1982. The Expose des motifs to the Paris Convention, as revised in 1982 is also included in this pubication. (NEA) [fr

  17. Evolución del derecho cambiario bajomedieval : aportación templaria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ignacio de la Torre Muñoz de Morales

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente articulo aborda los diferentes contratos cambiarios surgidos desde el siglo XI, y que confluyen en el nacimiento de la letra de cambio en los siglos xiii-xiv. A partir de aquí, el trabajo analiza la aportación de la Orden del Temple a la referida evolución del derecho cambiarlo, en comparación con las aportaciones efectuadas por los italianos, para finalizar concluyendo quién aportó qué en la carrera hacia la letra de cambio.The present article approaches the different mercantile contracts arisen from the XI century, and that come together in the birth of the letter of exchange in the xiii-xiv centuries. From here, the work analyzes the contribution of the Order of the Temple to the above-mentioned evolution of mercantile law, in comparison with the advances brought by the Italian houses. The article concludes who contributed what in the career towards the letter of change.

  18. PARIS reprograms glucose metabolism by HIF-1α induction in dopaminergic neurodegeneration.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kang, Hojin; Jo, Areum; Kim, Hyein; Khang, Rin; Lee, Ji-Yeong; Kim, Hanna; Park, Chi-Hu; Choi, Jeong-Yun; Lee, Yunjong; Shin, Joo-Ho

    2018-01-22

    Our previous study found that PARIS (ZNF746) transcriptionally suppressed transketolase (TKT), a key enzyme in pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in the substantia nigra (SN) of AAV-PARIS injected mice. In this study, we revealed that PARIS overexpression reprogrammed glucose metabolic pathway, leading to the increment of glycolytic proteins along with TKT reduction in the SN of AAV-PARIS injected mice. Knock-down of TKT in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells led to an increase of glycolytic enzymes and decrease of PPP-related enzymes whereas overexpression of TKT restored PARIS-mediated glucose metabolic shift, suggesting that glucose metabolic alteration by PARIS is TKT-dependent. Inhibition of PPP by either PARIS overexpression or TKT knock-down elevated the level of H 2 O 2 , and diminished NADPH and GSH levels, ultimately triggering the induction of HIF-1α, a master activator of glycolysis. In addition, TKT inhibition by stereotaxic injection of oxythiamine demonstrated slight decrement of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) in SN but not cortical neurons in the cortex, suggesting that TKT might be a survival factor of DNs. In differentiated SH-SY5Y, cell toxicity by GFP-PARIS was partially restored by introduction of Flag-TKT and siRNA-HIF-1α. We also observed the increase of HIF-1α and glycolytic hexokinase 2 in the SN of Parkinson's disease patients. Taken together, these results suggest that PARIS accumulation might distort the balance of glucose metabolism, providing clues for understanding mechanism underlying selective DNs death by PARIS. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. La literatura espiritual en la España del siglo XVII

    OpenAIRE

    Suboh Jarabo, Yasmina

    2015-01-01

    Artículo basado en la investigación de mi tesis doctoral, Inquisición, censura y literatura espiritual en la España Moderna, en el que demuestro que la literatura espiritual en el siglo XVII no se encontraba en decadencia, debido a las medidas impuestas por la Inquisición y la Contrarreforma, como muchos investigadores han señalado, sino que perduró sin perder importancia y seguidores durante este siglo, continuando la labor de los autores espirituales del siglo XVI, defendiendo una espiritua...

  20. PINK1 Primes Parkin-Mediated Ubiquitination of PARIS in Dopaminergic Neuronal Survival

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yunjong Lee

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1 and parkin cause autosomal-recessive Parkinson’s disease through a common pathway involving mitochondrial quality control. Parkin inactivation leads to accumulation of the parkin interacting substrate (PARIS, ZNF746 that plays an important role in dopamine cell loss through repression of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha (PGC-1α promoter activity. Here, we show that PARIS links PINK1 and parkin in a common pathway that regulates dopaminergic neuron survival. PINK1 interacts with and phosphorylates serines 322 and 613 of PARIS to control its ubiquitination and clearance by parkin. PINK1 phosphorylation of PARIS alleviates PARIS toxicity, as well as repression of PGC-1α promoter activity. Conditional knockdown of PINK1 in adult mouse brains leads to a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra that is dependent on PARIS. Altogether, these results uncover a function of PINK1 to direct parkin-PARIS-regulated PGC-1α expression and dopaminergic neuronal survival.

  1. Paris-Princeton Lectures on Mathematical Finance

    CERN Document Server

    Carmona, René A; Kohatsu-Higa, Arturo; Lasry, Jean-Michel; Lions, Pierre-Louis; Pham, Huyên; Taflin, Erik

    2007-01-01

    The Paris-Princeton Lectures in Financial Mathematics, of which this is the third volume, will, on an annual basis, publish cutting-edge research in self-contained, expository articles from outstanding - established or upcoming! - specialists. The aim is to produce a series of articles that can serve as an introductory reference for research in the field. It arises as a result of frequent exchanges between the finance and financial mathematics groups in Paris and Princeton. The present volume sets standards with articles by René Carmona, Ivar Ekeland/Erik Taflin, Arturo Kohatsu-Higa, Pierre-Louis Lions/Jean-Michel Lasry, and Hyuên Pham.

  2. Wartime Paris, cirrhosis mortality, and the ceteris paribus assumption.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fillmore, Kaye Middleton; Roizen, Ron; Farrell, Michael; Kerr, William; Lemmens, Paul

    2002-07-01

    This article critiques the ceteris paribus assumption, which tacitly sustains the epidemiologic literature's inference that the sharp decline in cirrhosis mortality observed in Paris during the Second World War derived from a sharp constriction in wine consumption. Paris's wartime circumstances deviate substantially from the "all else being equal" assumption, and at least three other hypotheses for the cirrhosis decline may be contemplated. Historical and statistical review. Wartime Paris underwent tumultuous changes. Wine consumption did decline, but there were, as well, a myriad of other changes in diet and life experience, many involving new or heightened hardships, nutritional, experiential, institutional, health and mortality risks. Three competing hypotheses are presented: (1) A fraction of the candidates for cirrhosis mortality may have fallen to more sudden forms of death; (2) alcoholics, heavy drinkers and Paris's clochard subpopulation may have been differentially likely to become removed from the city's wartime population, whether by self-initiated departure, arrest and deportation, or death from other causes, even murder; and (3) there was mismeasurement in the cirrhosis mortality decline. The alcohol-cirrhosis connection provided the template for the alcohol research effort (now more than 20 years old) aimed at re-establishing scientific recognition of alcohol's direct alcohol-problems-generating associations and causal responsibilities. In a time given to reports of weaker associations of the alcohol-cirrhosis connection, the place and importance of the Paris curve in the wider literature, as regards that connection, remains. For this reason, the Paris findings should be subjected to as much research scrutiny as they undoubtedly deserve.

  3. La competencia sobre los pleitos de hidalguía en la corona de Castilla durante la baja edad media: los alcaldes de los hijosdalgo

    OpenAIRE

    Díaz de la Guardia y López,Luis

    2013-01-01

    El artículo, usando las normas, las antiguas fazañas y la documentación inédita de los siglos XIV y XV, estudia el problema del conocimiento jurisdiccional de los pleitos de hidalguía por los alcaldes de los hijosdalgo castellanos desde el siglo XIII al XV, que a la postre se pretendió privativo, y se relaciona éste con la actuación de otras jurisdicciones (locales, hacendísticas, de las Órdenes Militares, etc.) sobre pleitos de hidalguía en la baja Edad Media castellana.

  4. Musulmanes y cristianos en el Mediterráneo. La costa del sureste peninsular durante la Edad Media (ss. VIII-XVI)

    OpenAIRE

    Munuera Navarro, David

    2010-01-01

    En 1245, las tropas castellanas conquistaban Cartagena. Tras el intento alfonsí de conseguir una fuerte proyección mediterránea de Castilla, la costa murciana se convierte en un inmenso despoblado. Castilla, especialmente durante el siglo XIV, manifestó un claro desentendimiento de los asuntos mediterráneos. Sólo Cartagena, reducida a su mínima expresión urbana, sobrevive como único núcleo habitado hasta el nacimiento de Mazarrón en la segunda mitad del siglo XV. Los intereses políticos ...

  5. PARIS II: Computer Aided Solvent Design for Pollution Prevention

    Science.gov (United States)

    This product is a summary of U.S. EPA researchers' work developing the solvent substitution software tool PARIS II (Program for Assisting the Replacement of Industrial Solvents, version 2.0). PARIS II finds less toxic solvents or solvent mixtures to replace more toxic solvents co...

  6. Pariisi kord = Paris' move / João Francisco Figueira

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Figueira, João Francisco, 1968-

    2009-01-01

    Pariisi nõustamisprojektide rahvusvahelisest võistlusest "Le Grand Pari(s)". Sooviti saada julget ja elluviidavat projekti Pariisi arenguks aastani 2050. Osales kümme kutsutud arhitektide, planeerijate ja ekspertide töörühma. Osade tööde mõningaid aspekte tutvustav käsitlus

  7. PREFACE: Symmetries in Science XIV

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schuch, Dieter; Ramek, Michael

    2010-04-01

    Symmetries Logo This volume of the proceedings "Symmetries in Science XIV" is dedicated to the memory of our colleagues and dear friends Marcos Moshinsky and Yuriĭ Smirnov who regularly participated in these Symposia and were a great inspiration to many. We shall miss them. Dieter Schuch and Michael Ramek The international symposium "Symmetries in Science XIV" held at Collegium Mehrerau in Bregenz, Austria from July 19-24, 2009, attended by 32 scientists from 11 countries, was an experiment, performed by theoreticians. Aim of this experiment was to find out if the desire to revive or even continue this conference series was stronger than the very restricted pecuniary boundary conditions. It obviously was! After its establishment by Bruno Gruber in 1979, the biennial series settled in the very stimulating atmosphere of the monastery Mehrerau, which provided the ideal environment for a limited number of invited participants to exchange ideas, without parallel sessions, and pursue deeper discussions (at the latest in the evening at "Gasthof Lamm"). When the conference series terminated in 2003, former participants were quite disappointed. Meeting again at several (larger) conferences in subsequent years, there were repeated expressions of "the lack of a Bregenz-type meeting in our field nowadays" and the question of a possible "revitalization", even without external funding. After some hesitation, but also driven by our own desire to reinstate the series, we consulted Bruno who not only approved wholeheartedly but also offered his full support. It all finally led to the symposium in July 2009. The atmosphere was really like in the "good old days" and the interesting and thought-provoking presentations culminated in the publication of these Proceedings. We are grateful to Carl Bender for establishing contact with IOP making it possible for us to publish these Proceedings in the Journal of Physics Conference Series. A majority of the participants contributed to these

  8. Post Paris and November 8, 2016

    Science.gov (United States)

    Busalacchi, A. J.

    2016-12-01

    COP 21 in Paris, as historic as it was, established the necessary, but not the sufficient. The signatories to the landmark Paris accord are a coalition of the willing, but their pledges are only as good as the sustained will of individual countries to adhere to their commitments. The U.S. presidential election has demonstrated how easily uncertainty can be added. Even if all countries abide by the Paris climate agreement, capping global mean temperatures to 2oC will likely require net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2085 and substantial negative emissions over the long term. Before the Paris agreement was finished, it was clear that the pledged emission cuts by 2030 would not be sufficient in and of themselves, to stay under 2oC. Given the accumulation of greenhouse gases to date, limiting warming to a maximum of 2oC would require bending the curve of global emissions by 2020, i.e., over the next four years. If the past is a prologue, without even taking into account an emergence from the global recession, we stand a realistic chance of blowing right past the 2oC target. What, then, are the challenges going forward? Is 2oC a real goal that is attainable, or is it a stretch goal? Meeting a 2oC target is a function of when mitigation begins in earnest, the rate of mitigation, and the rate and amount of carbon sequestration. What are the implications of this trade space? While much effort has been put into designing a climate observing system from a science perspective, relatively little thought has been put into determining what observations are needed to support policy decisions, mitigation, and verify the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions that resulted from the Paris Agreement. If 2oC is a stretch goal, intellectual honesty requires that we consider mitigation and adaptation in tandem, and not as either/or. Similarly, even with all its attendant ethical dilemmas, it is important to thoroughly study geoengineering so that policy makers have a robust

  9. EL MANEJO DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD EN EL SIGLO XXI

    Science.gov (United States)

    ARIEL E. LUGO

    2001-01-01

    ser humano está transformando rápidamente el planeta Tierra (Meyer y Turner, 1994; Vitousek et al., 1997a). Su actividad tiene efectos globales que modifican el ambiente terrícola (Tabla I). Estos cambios, que comenzaron con la revolución industrial del siglo XIX, serán más notables en el siglo XXI en lo que se ha denominado la era Homogeocena donde el efecto dominante...

  10. Geç Ortaçağ Avrupası’nın Meşhur ve Gizemli Şehri Paris (Paris That Was Famous and Mysterious City of the Late Medieval Europe

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abdulhalik BAKIR

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Paris is one of the most important capitals of the middle age. Actually, this city is universecity. Namely, Paris was remembered as a univercity, education center and art and architecture center. Paris appeared differently from the other cities. Here was an important city that East culture and West culture mixed with each other. In its environment, there were cities that have a traditional structure. It carries all the facilities of the city structure in the later middle ages. Namely, Paris is remembered firstly, while city structure is described. Like Chretien de Troyes described, Paris had the culture that made France as the first heritage of Roma and Greek. Paris is a colourful city. Perhaps, France had the most crowd population because of these facilities of Paris. Generally, undoubtedly, these facilities had a big role about the development of France civilization in the 13th century. So, in this study, we will study to introduce Paris with social-economic and culturel angles and give its appearance in the later middle ages.

  11. Sibilas en Europa y América: repercusiones del Sibyllarum Icones de Crispijn de Passe en los siglos XVII y XVIII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodríguez Romero, Agustina

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Prints published in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Flanders were reworked throughout Europe many times over. This paper is a study of the complex network of republishing and new productions of one such set of prints: the Sibyllarum icones elegantissimi, engraved by Crispijn de Passe in 1601. As a result of this research, the authors propose new engraved sources for three well-known derivatives of this series: the paintings of Philippe de Champaigne in the Luxembourg Palace in Paris; the woodcuts published in Spain by Baltasar Porreño; and the paintings in the Palacio de Autonomía in Mexico City by Pedro Sandoval. All three can be traced to Jacques Granthomme, working in Paris c.1609.Los grabados publicados en Flandes en los siglos XVI y XVII fueron retrabajados repetidamente por toda Europa. Este ensayo es un estudio de la compleja red de reediciones y reelaboraciones de una de estas series de grabados: el Sibyllarum icones elegantissimi, producida por Crispijn de Passe en 1601. A consecuencia de nuestras investigaciones podemos proponer nuevas fuentes grabadas para tres célebres derivados de esta serie: las pinturas de Philippe de Champaigne del Palacio de Luxemburgo de París, las xilografías publicadas en España por Baltasar Porreño, y las pinturas de Pedro Sandoval del Palacio de la Autonomía de la ciudad de México. Todas derivarían de Jacques Granthomme, quien trabajara en París ca. 1609.

  12. SUMOylation of the KRAB zinc-finger transcription factor PARIS/ZNF746 regulates its transcriptional activity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nishida, Tamotsu; Yamada, Yoshiji

    2016-01-01

    Parkin-interacting substrate (PARIS), a member of the family of Krüppel-associated box (KRAB)-containing zinc-finger transcription factors, is a substrate of the ubiquitin E3 ligase parkin. PARIS represses the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that PARIS can be SUMOylated, and its SUMOylation plays a role in the repression of PGC-1a promoter activity. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT y (PIASy) was identified as an interacting protein of PARIS and shown to enhance its SUMOylation. PIASy repressed PGC-1a promoter activity, and this effect was attenuated by PARIS in a manner dependent on its SUMOylation status. Co-expression of SUMO-1 with PIASy completely repressed PGC-1a promoter activity independently of PARIS expression. PARIS-mediated PGC-1a promoter repression depended on the activity of histone deacetylases (HDAC), whereas PIASy repressed the PGC-1a promoter in an HDAC-independent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that PARIS and PIASy modulate PGC-1a gene transcription through distinct molecular mechanisms. -- Highlights: •PARIS can be SUMOylated in vivo and in vitro. •SUMOylation of PARIS functions in the repression of PGC-1a promoter activity. •PIASy interacts with PARIS and enhances its SUMOylation. •PIASy influences PARIS-mediated repression of PGC-1a promoter activity.

  13. SUMOylation of the KRAB zinc-finger transcription factor PARIS/ZNF746 regulates its transcriptional activity

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nishida, Tamotsu, E-mail: nishida@gene.mie-u.ac.jp; Yamada, Yoshiji

    2016-05-13

    Parkin-interacting substrate (PARIS), a member of the family of Krüppel-associated box (KRAB)-containing zinc-finger transcription factors, is a substrate of the ubiquitin E3 ligase parkin. PARIS represses the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that PARIS can be SUMOylated, and its SUMOylation plays a role in the repression of PGC-1a promoter activity. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT y (PIASy) was identified as an interacting protein of PARIS and shown to enhance its SUMOylation. PIASy repressed PGC-1a promoter activity, and this effect was attenuated by PARIS in a manner dependent on its SUMOylation status. Co-expression of SUMO-1 with PIASy completely repressed PGC-1a promoter activity independently of PARIS expression. PARIS-mediated PGC-1a promoter repression depended on the activity of histone deacetylases (HDAC), whereas PIASy repressed the PGC-1a promoter in an HDAC-independent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that PARIS and PIASy modulate PGC-1a gene transcription through distinct molecular mechanisms. -- Highlights: •PARIS can be SUMOylated in vivo and in vitro. •SUMOylation of PARIS functions in the repression of PGC-1a promoter activity. •PIASy interacts with PARIS and enhances its SUMOylation. •PIASy influences PARIS-mediated repression of PGC-1a promoter activity.

  14. El camino de los fósiles: las colecciones de mamíferos Pampeanos en los museos franceses e ingleses del siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Podgorny, Irina

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper analyzes the history of South American fossil mammal collections, especially those stored at the Paris Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle in the mid 19th century. Presenting the work of A. Bravard, the paper focuses on three aspects: the provincial collectors’ practices, the fossil collection’s transactions and the competence among European museums as a ground for acquiring such collections.

    En este trabajo se analiza la formación de las colecciones de mamíferos fósiles de la región del Río de La Plata tomando, como caso particular, las del Museo de Historia Natural de París de mitades del siglo XIX. Presentando el trabajo de A. Bravard, se presta especial atención a la obra de los «amateurs» de provincia, a las transacciones de compra y venta de colecciones de fósiles y a la competencia entre museos como argumento para justificar las mismas.

  15. Paris-Princeton Lectures on Mathematical Finance

    CERN Document Server

    Çinlar, Erhan; Ekeland, Ivar; Jouini, Elyes; Scheinkman, José; Touzi, Nizar

    2004-01-01

    The Paris-Princeton Lectures in Financial Mathematics, of which this is the second volume, will, on an annual basis, publish cutting-edge research in self-contained, expository articles from outstanding - established or upcoming! - specialists. The aim is to produce a series of articles that can serve as an introductory reference for research in the field. It arises as a result of frequent exchanges between the finance and financial mathematics groups in Paris and Princeton. This volume presents the following articles: "Hedging of Defaultable Claims" by T. Bielecki, M. Jeanblanc, and M. Rutkowski; "On the Geometry of Interest Rate Models" by T. Björk; "Heterogeneous Beliefs, Speculation and Trading in Financial Markets" by J.A. Scheinkman, and W. Xiong.

  16. Peste y Cólera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Gómez Dantés

    2015-09-01

    de transporte para abandonar las caravanas a pie, a caballo y en carretas de bueyes que hacían muy lenta su diseminación; no obstante, su efectividad permaneció siendo terrorífica si se recuerdan los 25 millones de víctimas que provocó la peste en el siglo XIV...

  17. The German ''Energiewende''. Evaluation after the Paris-agreement; Die Deutsche Energiewende. Bewertung nach dem Klima-Abkommen von Paris

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Roth, Eike

    2016-08-01

    The World-Climate-Summit 2016 in Paris agreed to exacerbated goals for climate protection. This paper will scrutinize whether Germany can comply with its Paris-obligations by continuing the ongoing German ''Energiewende''. The result is clear-cut: The German ''Energiewende'' is inadequate. Due to the cap-and-trade system of the EU the '''Energiewende''.

  18. BibSword Implementation of SWORD client in Invenio for the automated submission of digital objects to arXiv

    CERN Document Server

    Barras, Mathieu; Abou Khaled, Omar; Mugellini, Elena

    2010-01-01

    Since recently, arXiv offers a new submission interface implementing SWORD. SWORD is a brand new protocol that defines a simple way to deposit digital document on web repositories. The most part of digital documents submitted on Invenio are also deposited on arXiv. For this reason, it is a relevant added value for Invenio to offers such an automated “Forward to ArXiv” option to its users. The aim of this project is then to analyse, design and implements a library oriented SWORD client module (BibSword). This module will offer an user interface and will be integrated in the Invenio submission process.

  19. Paris-Princeton lectures on mathematical finance 2002

    CERN Document Server

    2003-01-01

    The Paris-Princeton Lectures in Financial Mathematics, of which this is the first volume, will, on an annual basis, publish cutting-edge research in self-contained, expository articles from outstanding - established or upcoming! - specialists. The aim is to produce a series of articles that can serve as an introductory reference for research in the field. It arises as a result of frequent exchanges between the finance and financial mathematics groups in Paris and Princeton. The present volume sets standards with articles by P. Bank/H. Föllmer, F. Baudoin, L.C.G. Rogers, and M. Soner/N. Touzi.

  20. La competencia sobre los pleitos de hidalguía en la corona de Castilla durante la baja edad media: los alcaldes de los hijosdalgo

    OpenAIRE

    Díaz de la Guardia y López, Luis

    2013-01-01

    El artículo, usando las normas, las antiguas fazañas y la documentación inédita de los siglos XIV y XV, estudia el problema del conocimiento jurisdiccional de los pleitos de hidalguía por los alcaldes de los hijosdalgo castellanos desde el siglo XIII al XV, que a la postre se pretendió privativo, y se relaciona éste con la actuación de otras jurisdicciones (locales, hacendísticas, de las Órdenes Militares, etc.) sobre pleitos de hidalguía en la baja Edad Media castellana. Based on the norm...

  1. Bookmaker and pari-mutuel betting

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Koch, Alexander; Shing, Hui-Fai

    2008-01-01

    A widely documented empirical regularity in gambling markets is that bets on high probability events (a race won by a "favourite") have higher expected returns than bets on low probability events (a "longshot" wins). Such favourite-longshot (FL) biases however appear to be more severe and persist......A widely documented empirical regularity in gambling markets is that bets on high probability events (a race won by a "favourite") have higher expected returns than bets on low probability events (a "longshot" wins). Such favourite-longshot (FL) biases however appear to be more severe...... and persistent in bookmaker markets than in pari-mutuel markets; the latter sometimes exhibit no bias or a reverse FL bias. Our results help understand these differences: the odds grid in bookmaker markets leads to a built-in FL bias, whereas that used in pari-mutuel betting pushes these markets toward a reverse...

  2. Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Air untuk Pengembangan Pariwisata di Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roland Sinulingga

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk (a menganalisis kondisi ketersediaan air di Pulau Pari, (b menganalisis kondisi kualitas air di Pulau Pari, (c menganalisis kebutuhan air dan proyeksinya untuk masa yang akan datang di Pulau Pari, dan (d merumuskan strategi pengelolaan sumberdaya air untuk pariwisata di Pulau Pari. Metode penelitian terdiri atas perhitungan neraca air, kebutuhan air, metode geometrik, analisis deskriptif, dan analisis SWOT. Pengambilan sampel air dan penduduk menggunakan metode purposive, sedangkan sampel wisatawan menggunakan metode accidental random sampling. Hasil akhir penelitian ketersediaan airtanah di Pulau Pari sebesar 290000,48 m3/tahun. Kualitas airtanah di lokasi penelitian tergolong baik. Besarnya kebutuhan air tahun 2013 sebesar 46381,947 m3/tahun. Pada tahun 2018 menjadi 54443,953 m3/tahun dan pada tahun 2023 mengalami peningkatan menjadi 63548,472 m3/tahun. Prioritas utama strategi pengelolaan sumberdaya air untuk pariwisata yaitu membuat kebijakan pembatasan pengunjung agar kelestarian pulau dan sumberdaya air tetap terjaga.   ABSTRACT This study aims to (a analyze water availability conditions in Pari Island, (b analyze the water quality conditions in Pari Island, (c analyze water demand and water projections for the future in Pari Island, and (d formulate strategies management water resources for tourism in Pari Island. The research method consists of the calculation of the water balance, water requirements, geometric methods, descriptive analysis, and SWOT analysis. Water sampling and settlement using purposive method, tourist’s samples using accidental random sampling. The final results of The amount of soil water availability in Pari Island of 290000,48 m3 / year. Groundwater quality in the study area are classified as good. The amount of water demand in 2013 amounted to 46381,947 m3 / year. In 2018 became 54443,953 m3 / year and in 2023 increased to 63548,472 m3 / year. First priority water resource

  3. The German ''Energiewende''. Evaluation after the Paris-agreement; Die Deutsche Energiewende. Bewertung nach dem Klima-Abkommen von Paris

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Roth, Eike

    2016-12-15

    The World-Climate-Summit 2016 in Paris agreed to exacerbated goals for climate protection. This paper will scrutinize whether Germany can comply with its Paris-obligations by continuing the ongoing German ''Energiewende''. The result is clear-cut: The German ''Energiewende'' is inadequate. Due to the cap-and-trade system of the EU the ''Energiewende'' can in no way contribute to climate protection.

  4. El poblamiento en el siglo XVI. Contrastes entre el Caribe y el interior andino

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Herrera Ángel

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Hablar de poblamiento en el Caribe o en el interior andino y, en general, en América en el siglo XVI, desde la perspectiva de la población que lo habitaba, resulta en buena medida un contrasentido, ya que lo que tuvo lugar en la mayor parte de este continente a lo largo del siglo XVI y buena parte del XVII , como consecuencia de la invasión europea. fue un intenso y continuado proceso de despoblamiento. Ese proceso, en todo caso, no significó la desaparición de la población nativa que, por lo menos hasta finales del siglo XVII y comienzos del siglo XVIII, continuó siendo la población mayoritaria en buena parte del territorio. Pero además, es de resaltar que en las llanuras del Caribe colombiano, así como en el interior andino, al igual que en muchas otras partes del territorio americano, el proceso de despoblamiento que tuvo lugar desde finales del siglo XV no fue compensado por el arribo de pobladores de otros continentes.

  5. XIV International Conference on Mathematical Programming

    CERN Document Server

    Pardalos, Panos; Rapcsák, Tamás

    2001-01-01

    This volume contains refereed papers based on the lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Mathematical Programming held at Matrahaza, Hungary, between 27-31 March 1999. This conference was organized by the Laboratory of Operations Research and Deci­ sion Systems at the Computer and Automation Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The editors hope this volume will contribute to the theory and applications of mathematical programming. As a tradition of these events, the main purpose of the confer­ ence was to review and discuss recent advances and promising research trends concerning theory, algorithms and applications in different fields of Optimization Theory and related areas such as Convex Analysis, Complementarity Systems and Variational Inequalities. The conference is traditionally held in the Matra Mountains, and housed by the resort house of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. This was the 14th event of the long lasting series of conferences started in 1973. The organizers wish to...

  6. Paris-Princeton lectures on mathematical finance 2010

    CERN Document Server

    Cousin, Areski; Guéant, Olivier; Hobson, David; Jeanblanc, Monique; Lasry, Jean-Michel; Laurent, Jean-Paul; Lions, Pierre-Louis; Tankov, Peter

    2011-01-01

    The Paris-Princeton Lectures on Mathematical Finance, of which this is the fourth volume, publish cutting-edge research in self-contained, expository articles from outstanding specialists - established or on the rise! The aim is to produce a series of articles that can serve as an introductory reference source for research in the field. The articles are the result of frequent exchanges between the finance and financial mathematics groups in Paris and Princeton. The present volume sets standards with articles by Areski Cousin, Monique Jeanblanc and Jean-Paul Laurent, Stéphane Crépey, Olivier Guéant, Jean-Michel Lasry and Pierre-Louis Lions, David Hobson, and Peter Tankov.

  7. Energy and Global Climate Change: The Road from Paris to Denver

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Logan, Jeffrey

    2016-10-27

    This presentation provides an overview of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory; a snapshot of U.S. power sector transformation; a brief history of climate negotiations; an overview of the Paris Agreement; and what the Paris Agreement means for Colorado and beyond.

  8. Collagen XII and XIV, New Partners of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein in the Skin Extracellular Matrix Suprastructure*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Agarwal, Pallavi; Zwolanek, Daniela; Keene, Douglas R.; Schulz, Jan-Niklas; Blumbach, Katrin; Heinegård, Dick; Zaucke, Frank; Paulsson, Mats; Krieg, Thomas; Koch, Manuel; Eckes, Beate

    2012-01-01

    The tensile and scaffolding properties of skin rely on the complex extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds cells, vasculature, nerves, and adnexus structures and supports the epidermis. In the skin, collagen I fibrils are the major structural component of the dermal ECM, decorated by proteoglycans and by fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices such as collagens XII and XIV. Here we show that the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), an abundant component of cartilage ECM, is expressed in healthy human skin. COMP expression is detected in the dermal compartment of skin and in cultured fibroblasts, whereas epidermis and HaCaT cells are negative. In addition to binding collagen I, COMP binds to collagens XII and XIV via their C-terminal collagenous domains. All three proteins codistribute in a characteristic narrow zone in the superficial papillary dermis of healthy human skin. Ultrastructural analysis by immunogold labeling confirmed colocalization and further revealed the presence of COMP along with collagens XII and XIV in anchoring plaques. On the basis of these observations, we postulate that COMP functions as an adapter protein in human skin, similar to its function in cartilage ECM, by organizing collagen I fibrils into a suprastructure, mainly in the vicinity of anchoring plaques that stabilize the cohesion between the upper dermis and the basement membrane zone. PMID:22573329

  9. Collagen XII and XIV, new partners of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in the skin extracellular matrix suprastructure.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Agarwal, Pallavi; Zwolanek, Daniela; Keene, Douglas R; Schulz, Jan-Niklas; Blumbach, Katrin; Heinegård, Dick; Zaucke, Frank; Paulsson, Mats; Krieg, Thomas; Koch, Manuel; Eckes, Beate

    2012-06-29

    The tensile and scaffolding properties of skin rely on the complex extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds cells, vasculature, nerves, and adnexus structures and supports the epidermis. In the skin, collagen I fibrils are the major structural component of the dermal ECM, decorated by proteoglycans and by fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices such as collagens XII and XIV. Here we show that the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), an abundant component of cartilage ECM, is expressed in healthy human skin. COMP expression is detected in the dermal compartment of skin and in cultured fibroblasts, whereas epidermis and HaCaT cells are negative. In addition to binding collagen I, COMP binds to collagens XII and XIV via their C-terminal collagenous domains. All three proteins codistribute in a characteristic narrow zone in the superficial papillary dermis of healthy human skin. Ultrastructural analysis by immunogold labeling confirmed colocalization and further revealed the presence of COMP along with collagens XII and XIV in anchoring plaques. On the basis of these observations, we postulate that COMP functions as an adapter protein in human skin, similar to its function in cartilage ECM, by organizing collagen I fibrils into a suprastructure, mainly in the vicinity of anchoring plaques that stabilize the cohesion between the upper dermis and the basement membrane zone.

  10. Paris 2000 researches and men; Paris 2000 des recherches et des hommes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2000-07-01

    The IWA and ISWA congresses organized in Paris in july showed the latest research developments in the field of water and wastes management. The water sector is more mature than the waste sector but for both a closer association of the public and private is increasing. A summary of the presentations in successively the water and the wastes management is proposed bringing an analysis of the international situation and regulations. (A.L.B.)

  11. La pedagogía profesional del siglo XXI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jordi Riera i Romaní

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo hace un breve repaso en torno a tres aspectos fundamentales respecto la pedagogía y la función profesional del pedagogo/a del siglo XXI. En primer lugar reseñar algunos de los ejes de transición pedagógica en los que estamos inmersos en este cambio de siglo. En segundo lugar, y derivado de este primer análisis, se apuntan algunos aspectos de la evolución de la identidad profesional pedagógica y de su formación universitaria. Finalmente, se apunta la importancia que en este proceso tendrá la capacidad de organización profesional del colectivo para poder desarrollar óptimamente su función social.

  12. La Silvicultura: Desde sus Origenes hasta el Siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Del Valle A Jorge Ignacio

    1997-06-01

    Full Text Available Para este ensayo se empleó información secundaria publicado en revistas y libros que documentan el origen de la actividad silvícuola, coincidiendo y aun antecediendo al desarrollo de la agricultura. Luego se centra en la transformación de esta actividad en una ciencia, la silvicultura, o más propiamente, la dasonomía, la cual se consolidó desde mediados del siglo XVIII cuando se empezó a enseñar formalmente en Alemania y otros países germánicos y se crearon, además, servicios forestales como el de Prusia. De esta época datan los primeros conceptos teóricos del rendimiento sostenido de los bosques (G. L. Harting, H. von Cotta, aunque desde comienzos del siglo XIII ya existían bosques empíricamente ordenados con esta filosofía en el Centro de Europa. La sustentabilidad o sostenibilidad tan en boga hoy en la ecología y la economía, tiene allí su antecedente más remoto. También Francia jugó un papel preponderante en el desarrollo de la dasonomía, sobre todo por haber involucrado el manejo de las cuencas hidrográficas dentro de las ciencias forestales, en tanto que los aportes de los germanos fueron en economía y medición forestal. El origen de la profesión forestal parece situarse tanto en los guardabosques ingleses como en los maestros de aguas y bosques franceses, de principios de los siglos XII y XIII, respectivamente. Durante el periodo analizado las ciencias forestales evidenciaron relaciones estrechas con las ciencias agropecuarias con las cuales parece haberse asociado sólo durante el presente siglo por razones coyunturales. El siglo XIX vio nacer la silvicultura tropical en la India; los primeros profesores e investigadores fueron alemanes contratados por la corona inglesa. También en América fueron forestales alemanes quienes fundaron en Estados Unidos de América la primera escuela forestal y contribuyeron a crear el Servicio Forestal de dicho país.

  13. Messier, Copernicus, Flamsteed: The SAF Rare-Book Collection in Paris

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pasachoff, Jay M.

    2014-01-01

    The historic books belonging to the Société Astronomique de France, founded by Camille Flammarion in 1887, are located partly in Paris and partly at the Flammarion site in Juvisy, a Paris suburb. Their holdings include first editions of Copernicus's De Revolutionibus and of Flamsteed's star atlas, as well as Messier's own copy of his 1783 and 1784 papers with his handwritten comments and additions. I will describe the fruitless search for a Bevis atlas and the circumstances that led me to inspect these treasures. I thank David Valls-Gabaud and Philippe Morel of the Société Astronomique de France for their hospitality in Paris, Jean-Claude Pecker, and Owen Gingerich for his prior work on Messier's catalogue.

  14. Porphyry of Russian Empires in Paris

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bulakh, Andrey

    2014-05-01

    Porphyry of Russian Empires in Paris A. G. Bulakh (St Petersburg State University, Russia) So called "Schokhan porphyry" from Lake Onega, Russia, belongs surely to stones of World cultural heritage. One can see this "porphyry" at facades of a lovely palace of Pavel I and in pedestal of the monument after Nicolas I in St Petersburg. There are many other cases of using this stone in Russia. In Paris, sarcophagus of Napoleon I Bonaparte is constructed of blocks of this stone. Really, it is Proterozoic quartzite. Geology situation, petrography and mineralogical characteristic will be reported too. Comparison with antique porphyre from the Egyptian Province of the Roma Empire is given. References: 1) A.G.Bulakh, N.B.Abakumova, J.V.Romanovsky. St Petersburg: a History in Stone. 2010. Print House of St Petersburg State University. 173 p.

  15. Los señoríos de los Manrique en la Baja Edad Media

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosa María Montero Tejada

    1994-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo pretende hacer una descripción de los principales señoríos de los Manrique en el siglo XV, aunque sin entrar en un análisis profundo, pues carecemos de la documentación adecuada para tal fin. Los Manrique, como es bien sabido, fueron uno de los linajes de más destacado protagonismo político y social del siglo XV castellano. Presumían de la antigüedad de su estirpe, hacían gala y ostentación pública de ello entre sus iguales —incluso parece que gozaron del reconocimiento de sus contemporáneos—, y fueron testigo y parte de los principales acontecimientos de su época. La lenta pero firme ascensión política que había iniciado el linaje desde mediados del siglo XIV le había permitido consolidar las antiguas posesiones solariegas de la familia, y al mismo tiempo adquirir nuevos señoríos gracias a las sustanciosas donaciones regias, especialmente de Enrique II y Juan I. La debilidad biológica del linaje, que a lo largo del siglo XIV fue víctima de la prematura mortalidad y de la escasa fertilidad de sus miembros, desapareció con el nacimiento de la nueva centuria, y la estirpe creció vertiginosamente dando lugar a la aparición de diversas ramas familiares que tuvieron primero como base económica primordial los bienes heredados de sus padres y antecesores, y después sus propias adquisiciones señoriales, como iremos viendo en las próximas páginas.

  16. Viajando sobre hojas volanderas: representaciones del viaje en pliegos sueltos del siglo XVIII

    OpenAIRE

    Gomis, Juan

    2016-01-01

    El tema que aborda este trabajo son las representaciones del viaje y de los viajeros en los romances del siglo XVIII. Los objetivos son, en primer lugar, dar a conocer una fuente «popular» en relación a un tema, el viaje, que para el siglo XVIII ha s

  17. La maquinaria agrícola en el siglo XX

    OpenAIRE

    Ruiz-Altisent, Margarita; Gil Sierra, Jacinto

    2000-01-01

    La evolución de la maquinaria agrícola en el siglo XX ha sido tan espectacular que, de los tres grandes avances habidos a lo largo de la historia de la maquinaria agrícola, dos de ellos podemos considerar que marcan el comienzo y el fin del siglo XX. El primer avance fundamental se dio el día en que el hombre que removía la tierra golpeándola con una herramienta tipo azada decidió avanzar con ella introducida en el suelo venciendo la fuerza de tiro. Nació así el arado en un tiempo indetermina...

  18. [History of the Journées Dermatologiques de Paris].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tilles, G

    2013-12-01

    Founded in 1801 at the Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, under Jean-Louis Alibert, the French School of Dermatology was initially structured around the French Society of Dermatology (1889) and the organization of two world congresses (Paris 1889, 1900). After World War I, the creation of dermatological societies in the provinces infused French dermatology with new energy. In 1922, the first congress of the French-speaking dermatologists further contributed to the public profile of dermatologists in France. The "Journées de Mars" were initiated in 1961 at the Hôpital Saint-Louis, and in 1975 they went on to become the "Journées dermatologiques de Paris". Pr. Jean Civatte played a key role in their creation and in their organization for 30 years. After 1979, since actual patients could no longer be presented, the organizers of the congress had to change the content of the meeting from clinical presentations to post-graduate teaching and clinical research. From its origins in the form of meetings of French dermatologists in an intimate setting at the Hôpital Saint-Louis, the "Journées dermatologiques de Paris" grew within the ensuing decades into a major scientific event of the French-speaking dermatological community, bringing together more than 4000 participants in December each year. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  19. Gyvulininkystė pietryčių Lietuvoje XIII-XIV a

    OpenAIRE

    Vitkūnas, Manvydas

    2006-01-01

    Gyvulininkystė XIII-XIV a. buvo viena svarbiausių ūkio šakų. Pietryčių Lietuvos archeologiniuose paminkluose surinktos osteologinės medžiagos tyrimų duomenimis, naminiai gyvuliai daugeliui gyventojų buvo pagrindiniu mėsos šaliniu. Pietryčių Lietuvos archeologiniuose paminkluose (Nemenčinės, Bradeliškių, Maišiagalos, Aukštadvario piliakalniuose, viduramžių Kernavės miesto vietoje, Vilniaus žemutinėje pilyje) naminių gyvulių kaulai sudarė dažniausiai 80-95%, o Maišiagalos piliakalnyje – net 99%...

  20. USA Withdrawal from Paris Agreement – What Next?

    OpenAIRE

    Sergey Chestnoy; Dinara Gershinkova

    2017-01-01

    In June 2017, President Trump announced the USA’s withdrawal from the Paris Climate Accord, which had been ratified for less than a year, thanks in large part to the USA. That drastic shift followed the change in residency at the White House. Withdrawing from the Paris Accord presents an interesting topic for analysis. There’s the practical side of the withdrawal procedure as set out in Article 28 of the agreement, not to mention the consequences of US non-participation in address...

  1. El siglo de "October"

    OpenAIRE

    Bryson, Norman

    2006-01-01

    Tal como sabe cualquiera que haya estudiado –o enseñado– historia del arte del siglo XX, ésta es claramente un campo que carece de descripciones generales: intentos por construir algún tipo de visión abarcadora se fragmentan rápidamente en episodios que relatan el surgimiento y la caída de movimientos separados, con el Postimpresionismo dando paso al Fauvismo, Cubismo, Futurismo, Constructivismo, Dada, etc. Si bien cada movimiento aparece vívido y distinto, la lógica narrativa predominante ha...

  2. IMS LD. Paris Conference, April 2005

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Burgos, Daniel

    2005-01-01

    3 presentations run in Paris, France, in Apri 1st, 2005, in the Cité des Sciences, sponsored by UNFOLD Project and l'AFNOR about the following topics: - Update on UNFOLD CoP Valkenburg meeting 2005 - Creating a UoL - Introducing CopperCore

  3. Polyp Morphology: An Interobserver Evaluation for the Paris Classification Among International Experts

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van Doorn, Sascha C.; Hazewinkel, Y.; East, James E.; van Leerdam, Monique E.; Rastogi, Amit; Pellisé, Maria; Sanduleanu-Dascalescu, Silvia; Bastiaansen, Barbara A. J.; Fockens, Paul; Dekker, Evelien

    2015-01-01

    OBJECTIVES: The Paris classification is an international classification system for describing polyp morphology. Thus far, the validity and reproducibility of this classification have not been assessed. We aimed to determine the interobserver agreement for the Paris classification among seven Western

  4. The Biosphere Under Potential Paris Outcomes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ostberg, Sebastian; Boysen, Lena R.; Schaphoff, Sibyll; Lucht, Wolfgang; Gerten, Dieter

    2018-01-01

    Rapid economic and population growth over the last centuries have started to push the Earth out of its Holocene state into the Anthropocene. In this new era, ecosystems across the globe face mounting dual pressure from human land use change (LUC) and climate change (CC). With the Paris Agreement, the international community has committed to holding global warming below 2°C above preindustrial levels, yet current pledges by countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions appear insufficient to achieve that goal. At the same time, the sustainable development goals strive to reduce inequalities between countries and provide sufficient food, feed, and clean energy to a growing world population likely to reach more than 9 billion by 2050. Here, we present a macro-scale analysis of the projected impacts of both CC and LUC on the terrestrial biosphere over the 21st century using the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) to illustrate possible trajectories following the Paris Agreement. We find that CC may cause major impacts in landscapes covering between 16% and 65% of the global ice-free land surface by the end of the century, depending on the success or failure of achieving the Paris goal. Accounting for LUC impacts in addition, this number increases to 38%-80%. Thus, CC will likely replace LUC as the major driver of ecosystem change unless global warming can be limited to well below 2°C. We also find a substantial risk that impacts of agricultural expansion may offset some of the benefits of ambitious climate protection for ecosystems.

  5. Housing and the construction of the city: the Paris Habitat Experience

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Arpa

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available In Paris, the history and the evolution of social housing provision merge with those of a centennial institution. Created in 1914, the Office Public d’Habitations à Bon Marché, currently called Paris Habitat, manages more than 1,200 operations, 120,000 housing units inhabited by 200,000 residents. This article reviews an investigation to this exceptional heritage commissioned by the Pavillon de l'Arsenal in Paris, which resulted in the exhibition and catalogue Paris Habitat: Cent ans de ville, cent ans de vie, presented by the institution in 2015.The investigation, exhibition and publication were organized around the analysis of ten fragments of reality that, rather than matching administrative divisions or urban planning projects, span municipalities, districts and infrastructures. From low-cost to large-scale housing, from concerns with hygiene to ecology issues, each one of the building ensembles analyzed bears witness to the will to change society through housing. Written by the project’s main curator and catalogue editor, this review details the process through which essential questions formulated early on – What is the city we want like? How is it built? – were answered to: selecting from the wealth of material produced by Paris Habitat over one hundred years of activity, the team exposed their political stance on urban strategies at large. Importantly, Paris Habitat’s ‘actions’ substantiated the team’s belief that our knowledge of this long, continuous urban experiment can contribute to improve the metropolises of today and strengthen its ability to answer contemporary concerns: the transformation of offices into housing, new residents’ participation formulas, new building and conception processes, which are key elements in the making of cities that need to be dense, diverse, intense, fertile and agile.

  6. Effect of Paris saponin on antitumor and immune function in U14 ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    bearing mice, and reduced the serum IL-4 level. The Paris saponin can inhibit U14 cell growth and prolong survival time of mice; it is speculated that the Paris saponin may express its anti-tumor activity by improving the body's immune system.

  7. Carmes Polytechnique, Housing in the Heart of Paris Energy renovation of a social housing estate in Paris

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christian Horn

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The architecture offices Atelier de la Seine and Rethink have been commissioned with the engineers Pouget Consultants by the social landlord Paris Habitat for the extensive renovation of a social housing estate in the historic centre of Paris. The estate has been built in 1930 and integrates a part of the former college of the Lombard build in the 17th century. It belongs to the social housing typology 'Habitations à Bon Marché (HBM' constructed between1894 and 1949. This typology is generally characterized by its integration in its urban context and an apparent brick facade. The renovation project includes a focus on the reduction of the energy consumption. An important subject, as of the total number of 4.6 millions of social housing in France more than 50 % have been build before 1975 (before the first thermal regulation and many are still considered energy-intensive.

  8. Paris: Beyond the Climate Dead End through Pledge and Review?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Robert O. Keohane

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available The Paris Climate Agreement of December 2015 marks a decisive break from the unsuccessful Kyoto regime. Instead of targets and timetables, it established a Pledge and Review system, under which states will offer Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs to reducing emissions that cause climate change. But this successful negotiation outcome was achieved at the price of vagueness of obligations and substantial discretion for governments. Many governments will be tempted to use the vagueness of the Paris Agreement, and the discretion that it permits, to limit the scope or intensity of their proposed actions. Whether Pledge and Review under the Paris Agreement will lead to effective action against climate change will therefore depend on the inclination both of OECD countries and newly industrializing countries to take costly actions, which for the OECD countries will include financial transfers to their poorer partners. Domestic politics will be crucial in determining the attitudes of both sets of countries to pay such costs. The actual impact of the Paris Agreement will depend on whether it can be used by domestic groups favoring climate action as a point of leverage in domestic politics—that is, in a “two-level game” simultaneously involving both international and domestic politics.

  9. Comer carne y pagar impuestos. El impacto de las imposiciones municipales en el comercio barcelonés de carne durante el siglo XV

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Banegas López, Ramón Agustí

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available The municipal taxes are going to be consolidated in Barcelona in the 14th century; one of the most important taxes in the city was the meat consumption tax. This tax was contributing to the municipal exchequer with a lot of money. The evolution of the tax will have a lot of importance on the meat market of Barcelona, because his impact on the prices was very strong. The joint study of the tax and the meat market in Barcelona can help us to see the evolution of a short distance market; this is specially interesting because it is a market very linked with the territory.

    Los impuestos indirectos municipales se consolidan en Barcelona a lo largo del siglo XIV, entre estos uno de las más importantes era la que gravaba el consumo de carne. La evolución de la imposición influirá de una manera determinante en el mercado de carne de Barcelona, ya que desde el primer momento tendrá un importante impacto sobre los precios. El estudio conjunto de la evolución del impuesto indirecto y de la venta de carne en Barcelona puede ayudar a dilucidar la evolución de un mercado de corta distancia profundamente vinculado con el territorio.

  10. Polyp morphology: an interobserver evaluation for the Paris classification among international experts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    van Doorn, Sascha C; Hazewinkel, Y; East, James E; van Leerdam, Monique E; Rastogi, Amit; Pellisé, Maria; Sanduleanu-Dascalescu, Silvia; Bastiaansen, Barbara A J; Fockens, Paul; Dekker, Evelien

    2015-01-01

    The Paris classification is an international classification system for describing polyp morphology. Thus far, the validity and reproducibility of this classification have not been assessed. We aimed to determine the interobserver agreement for the Paris classification among seven Western expert endoscopists. A total of 85 short endoscopic video clips depicting polyps were created and assessed by seven expert endoscopists according to the Paris classification. After a digital training module, the same 85 polyps were assessed again. We calculated the interobserver agreement with a Fleiss kappa and as the proportion of pairwise agreement. The interobserver agreement of the Paris classification among seven experts was moderate with a Fleiss kappa of 0.42 and a mean pairwise agreement of 67%. The proportion of lesions assessed as "flat" by the experts ranged between 13 and 40% (Pagreement did not change (kappa 0.38, pairwise agreement 60%). Our study is the first to validate the Paris classification for polyp morphology. We demonstrated only a moderate interobserver agreement among international Western experts for this classification system. Our data suggest that, in its current version, the use of this classification system in daily practice is questionable and it is unsuitable for comparative endoscopic research. We therefore suggest introduction of a simplification of the classification system.

  11. [Development strategy of Paris based on combination of domestic patent and current resource application and development].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Fei-Ya; Tao, Ai-En; Xia, Cong-Long

    2018-01-01

    Paris is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and has antitumor, antibacterial, sedative, analgesic and hemostatic effects. It has been used as an ingredient of 81 Chinese patent medicines, with a wide application and large market demand. Based on the data retrieved from state Intellectual Property Office patent database, a comprehensive analysis was made on Paris patents, so as to explore the current features of Paris patents in the aspects of domestic patent output, development trend, technology field distribution, time dimension, technology growth rate and patent applicant, and reveal the development trend of China's Paris industry. In addition, based on the current Paris resource application and development, a sustainable, multi-channel and multi-level industrial development approach was built. According to the results, studies of Paris in China are at the rapid development period, with a good development trend. However, because wild Paris resources tend to be exhausted, the studies for artificial cultivation technology should be strengthened to promote the industrial development. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

  12. Understanding the Paris agreement: analysing the reporting requirements under the enhanced transparency framework

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Desgain, Denis DR; Sharma, Sudhir

    At the Paris climate conference (COP-21) in December 2015, the Conference of the Parties decided to adopt the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. This was the first time that 195 Parties had agreed on a universal, legally binding climate instrument......th October 2016, 74 Par¬ties had ratified the Agreement, accounting for 58.82% of global GHG emissions.1 The Paris Agreement will thus enter into force on 4th November 2016....

  13. Geothermal Program Review XIV: proceedings. Keeping Geothermal Energy Competitive in Foreign and Domestic Markets

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1996-01-01

    The U.S. Department of Energy`s Office of Geothermal Technologies conducted its annual Program Review XIV in Berkeley, April 8-10, 1996. The geothermal community came together for an in-depth review of the federally-sponsored geothermal research and development program. This year`s theme focused on ``Keeping Geothermal Energy Competitive in Foreign and Domestic Markets.`` This annual conference is designed to promote technology transfer by bringing together DOE-sponsored researchers; utility representatives; geothermal developers; equipment and service suppliers; representatives from local, state, and federal agencies; and others with an interest in geothermal energy. Program Review XIV consisted of eight sessions chaired by industry representatives. Introductory and overview remarks were presented during every session followed by detailed reports on specific DOE-funded research projects. The progress of R&D projects over the past year and plans for future activities were discussed. The government-industry partnership continues to strengthen -- its success, achievements over the past twenty years, and its future direction were highlighted throughout the conference. The comments received from the conference evaluation forms are published in this year`s proceedings. Individual papers have been processed for inclusion in the Energy Science and Technology Database.

  14. Felipe B. Pedraza y Oana Andreia Sambrian Toma (eds. Hispania Felix I. Revista Hispano Rumana de Cultura y Civilización de los Siglos de Oro. Lope de Vega en su Siglo de Oro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jésica Castro

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Felipe B. Pedraza y Oana Andreia Sambrian Toma (eds. Hispania Felix I. Revista Hispano Rumana de Cultura y Civilización de los Siglos de Oro. Lope de Vega en su Siglo de Oro. Vigo: Editorial Academia del Hispanismo, 2010. 246 pp.

  15. GHG monitoring over Paris megacity and Orléans forest

    Science.gov (United States)

    Te, Y. V.; Jeseck, P.; Zanon, T.; Boursier, C.; Janssen, C.; Deutscher, N. M.; Warneke, T.; Notholt, J.; Lac, C.; Dieudonné, E.; Lopez, M.; Schmidt, M.; Xueref-remy, I. C.

    2012-12-01

    In a growing world with more than 7 billion inhabitants and big emerging countries such as China, Brazil and India, emissions of anthropogenic pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHGs) are increasing continuously. Their monitoring and control in megacities have become a major challenge for scientists and public health authorities in environmental research area. The ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer (QualAir FTS[a], model IFS 125HR) of the QualAir platform located in downtown Paris at University Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), is a scientific research instrument dedicated to the survey of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and urban air quality. Equipped with a sun-tracker, the remote sensing QualAir FTS relies on solar infrared absorption for monitoring trace gas concentrations and their variability in the Ile-de-France region[b]. Concentrations of atmospheric GHGs, especially CO2, CH4 and N2O, are retrieved by the radiative transfer model PROFFIT[c]. Because Paris is the third largest European megacity, the QualAir FTS can provide new and complementary measurements as compared to existing ground-based FTS network stations (NDACC and TCCON) located in unpolluted environments, such as the TCCON-Orléans station[d] situated in the forest of Orléans (100 km south of Paris). In the effort to integrate QualAir FTS into the TCCON network, simultaneous FTS measurements of GHGs at Paris and Orléans have been performed. We will emphasize on comparisons of CO2 from these two sites. Our comparison will be completed by high-resolved direct CO2 modeling outputs from the Meso-NH model, and ground in situ measurements at different sites (Orléans/Trainou, Paris/Jussieu, Paris/Eiffel Tower). Parts of the data were acquired in the framework of the French CO2-MEGAPARIS project[e, f], whose main goal is to quantify CO2 emissions from the Paris area. The present data intercomparison will help to reduce uncertainties in carbon cycle models and to better characterize regional GHG fluxes

  16. Paris Conference (Further report)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1982-01-01

    From 26-31 July, the international particle physics community met for its traditional biennial 'Rochester' jamboree, held this time in Paris. While there were no major physics surprises, there was still plenty of interest for all and the ground that was covered amply demonstrated the progress which has been made since the previous round of international meetings. The emphasis is very much on improving the already considerable level of agreement between different experiments and between experimental results and theoretical predictions

  17. Um olhar de descoberta na Paris da Belle Époque

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Carrascoza

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Ao estilo dos textos de Baudelaire sobre os flâneurs que caminhavam na cidade de Paris, descobrindo os símbolos da modernidade, este artigo narra a chegada de um estrangeiro à capital francesa no início do século XX e seu passeio pela cidade. Ao longo de um dia, ele tomará contato com as obras de importantes artistas como Toulouse-Lautrec, Murcha e Chéret, que desenharam cartazes para shows, embalagens de produtos, folhetos promocionais, entre outras manifestações artísticas exploradas pelo então nascente espírito moderno. À semelhança do romance de Umberto Eco, A misteriosa chama da rainha Loana, que reproduz imagens da cultura pop e erudita em meio à sua narrativa, o texto segue o formato de ensaio ilustrado, fundindo a ficção com os aspectos reais da Paris na efervescência da Belle Époque. A estrutura, portanto, rompe com os gêneros tradicionais dos artigos acadêmicos, apresentando conteúdo reflexivo por meios dos personagens e da trama engendrada. Palavras-chave: Paris; Belle Époque; modernidade; imagens; publicidade. ABSTRACT In the style of Baudelaire’s texts on the flâneurs who used to walk in the city of Paris, finding the symbols of modernity, this article narrates the ar- rival of a foreigner in the early 20th century in Paris, and his tour around the French capital. In the course of one day, he will be in contact with the works of important artists, such as Toulouse-Lautrec, Murcha and Chéret, who drew posters for shows, products’ packages, advertising leaflets, among other artistic manifestations, explored by the then rising modern spirit. Similar to Umberto Eco’s novel The mysterious flame of Queen Loana, which reproduces images of both pop and erudite culture in its narrative, the text follows the illustrated essay format, merging fiction and the real aspects of Paris’ effervescent Belle Époque. The structure, therefore, breaks free from the traditional genres of academic articles, presenting the

  18. A thyrotoxicosis outbreak due to dietary pills in Paris

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vincent Ioos

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Vincent Ioos1, Vincent Das1, Eric Maury1,2, Jean-Luc Baudel1, Jérôme Guéchot3, Bertrand Guidet1,2, Georges Offenstadt1,21Réanimation Médicale; 2Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, INSERM, UMR-S 707; 3Unité d’Hormonologie, APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, F-75012, Paris, FranceAbstract: Three women were consecutively admitted to our medical intensive care unit for thyrotoxicosis after the ingestion of dietary pills accidentally containing high levels of thyroxin. These cases were observed during an outbreak in the Paris area. Despite similar blood levels of thyroid hormones, their clinical presentation and outcome were very different. One patient developed febrile confusion and died from malignant hyperthermia. The second one had progressive confusion requiring mechanical plasma exchange therapy and had a favorable outcome. The third one had very moderate symptoms. These exceptional observations raise several issues concerning diagnosis, physiopathology and treatment of thyrotoxicosis factitia.Keywords: thyrotoxicosis, dietary pills, thyroxin

  19. Siglo XXI: los desafíos de la radio comunitaria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl Rodríguez

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available ¿Será el siglo XX el siglo de las radios comunitarias? es la cuestión que se plantean en el Perú. Posiblemente sí por el creciente número de emisoras comunitarias de alcance local o regional que nacen cada día en distintas organizaciones e instituciones con el objetivo central de lograr la comunicación entre la gente. Sin embargo todavía éstas se enfrentan al menos a cuatro desafíos: la modernización en la tecnología, en la gestión, en su programación y en la legislación.

  20. China's response to climate change issues after Paris Climate Change Conference

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yun Gao

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The Paris Climate Change Conference was successfully concluded with the Paris Agreement, which is a milestone for the world in collectively combating climate change. By participating in IPCC assessments and conducting national climate change assessments, China has been increasing its understanding of the issue. For the first time, China's top leader attended the Conference of the Parties, which indicates the acknowledgement of the rationality and necessity of climate change response by China at different levels. Moreover, this participation reflects China's commitment to including climate change in its ecology improvement program and pursuing a low-carbon society and economy. In order to ensure the success of the Paris Conference, China has contributed significantly. China's constructive participation in global governance shows that China is a responsible power. These principles such as the creation of a future of win–win cooperation with each country contributing to the best of its ability; a future of the rule of law, fairness, and justice; and a future of inclusiveness, mutual learning, and common development will serve as China's guidelines in its efforts to facilitate the implementation of the Paris Agreement and participate in the design of international systems.

  1. China's response to climate change issues after Paris Climate Change Conference

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    GAO Yun

    2016-01-01

    The Paris Climate Change Conference was successfully concluded with the Paris Agreement, which is a milestone for the world in collectively combating climate change. By participating in IPCC assessments and conducting national climate change assessments, China has been increasing its understanding of the issue. For the first time, China's top leader attended the Conference of the Parties, which indicates the acknowledgement of the rationality and necessity of climate change response by China at different levels. Moreover, this participation reflects China's commitment to including climate change in its ecology improvement program and pursuing a low-carbon society and economy. In order to ensure the success of the Paris Conference, China has contributed significantly. China's constructive participation in global governance shows that China is a responsible power. These principles such as the creation of a future of winewin cooperation with each country contributing to the best of its ability;a future of the rule of law, fairness, and justice;and a future of inclusiveness, mutual learning, and common development will serve as China's guidelines in its efforts to facilitate the implementation of the Paris Agreement and participate in the design of international systems.

  2. Memory and Nostalgia in Woody Allen’s "Midnight in Paris" (Memoria y nostalgia en "Medianoche en París" de Woody Allen

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peter Eubanks

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract: Woody Allen´s recent "Midnight in Paris" describes a Paris that has as many identities as there are observers to ascribe them. Indeed, there is no one, true Paris that everyone objectively shares; Paris, in Allen´s film, exists only in the phenomenology of the observer’s perception, a perception often marred and made unreliable by an escapist need to withdraw from the present in order to take shelter in a glorified, utopian past. Allen thus criticizes the nostalgic impulse, the "Golden-Age thinking" (as it is called in the film that forces various characters simultaneously to inhabit two worlds, that of a prelapsarian past and that of the fallen present. His protagonist´s journey back and forth between the present and the idealized Roaring Twenties is everyman´s journey, the sometimes surreal voyage between reality and imagination, between the world actually inhabited and the world artificially constructed for oneself. Yet it is when Allen´s protagonist finally discovers nostalgia within his nostalgia, a longing within his longing, that he recognizes the flawed thinking behind his almost mythologized perception of the past, reflecting everyman´s realization that the past is ultimately the expression of our present needs.Resumen: Uno de los films recientes de Woody Allen, "Midnight in Paris", describe un París que tiene tantas identidades como observadores hay a quienes atribuirlos. De hecho, no hay un París auténtico que compartan todos. París, en el film de Allen, solo existe en la fenomenología de la percepción del observador, una percepción con frecuencia dañada/arruinada y realizada poco fidedigna por una necesidad escapista a retirarse del presente para refugiarse en un pasado glorificado, utópico. Así Allen critica el impulso nostálgico, la idea del "pensamiento del siglo de oro" (tal y como viene a ser llamado en el film que obliga a que varios personajes residan en dos mundos al mismo tiempo: el de un mundo

  3. ClimasCOPe: Exploring the challenges behind the Paris Agreement - COP21

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leguet, Benoit; Alberola, Emilie; Afriat, Marion; Vaidyula, Manasvini; Morel, Romain; Cochran, Ian; Deheza, Mariana; Shishlov, Igor; Leseur, Alexia; Depoues, Vivian; Bordier, Cecile; Bultheel, Clement; Bellassen, Valentin

    2015-04-01

    In the framework of the 21. Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), held in Paris from November 30 to December 11 2015, I4CE - Institute for Climate Economics, in partnership with ADEME, the French Environment and Energy Management Agency, attempts to shed some light on the challenges surrounding this Paris Climate Conference 2015. They explore what can be expected from the post-2020 climate agreement in Paris. They also discuss some keys success indicators of such an agreement. Over the course of six issues, ClimasCOPe provides analysis related to carbon pricing, climate finance, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions' accounting, the role of sub-national actors, adaptation to climate change and the compatibility of government commitments with the scenario where in global mean temperatures would rise by no more than 2 deg. C. Issue 1 - Carbon pricing: a necessary tool on the agenda of solutions for climate funding (Putting a Price on Carbon, First submissions of intended Nationally Determined Contributions for Paris Agreement, 5 carbon pricing initiatives); Issue 2 - Financing the low-carbon transition: the need for coherence between regulations and ambition (Finance will be the cornerstone of the Paris accord, News, 5 initiatives for Climate Finance); Issue 3 - Three keys to effective GHG emissions monitoring for a broader climate agreement (MRV: how to hit the bull's eye when there is no silver bullet? First Climate Week and the Bonn negotiations, 3 MRV initiatives); Issue 4 - Non-state actors: pushing the climate action agenda forward (The role of cities and regions and their knock-on effects, G7 announcements and the process of adopting the SDGs, 4 non-state actor initiatives); Issue 5 - COP 21: a new approach and the launch of a process to address climate change adaptation (Adapting to climate change: taking ownership of the issues and removing barriers to implementation, First COP 21 draft

  4. Smoke Inhalation and Cyanide Poisoning: 20 Years of Paris Experience

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baud, F. J.

    2007-01-01

    Hydroxocobalamin has been used as a cyanide poisoning antidote for many years in France. It has recently been approved by the US FDA. In Paris, hydroxocobalamin is carried by the Brigade de Sapeurs Pompiers (Paris Fire Brigade) in mobile intensive care vehicles and has been administered empirically to victims of enclosed-space fire smoke inhalation who meet the criteria of having soot in the nose, mouth, or throat, any alteration in mental status or disturbance in consciousness, and especially if any degree of hypotension is present (BP less than or equal to 100 mmHg systolic). The administration of hydroxocobalamin at the scene was shown to be safe. Hydroxocobalamin has also been efficacious and safe in 'pure' cyanide poisoning, as long as brain death has not already occurred. A 'toxidrome' of cyanide poisoning has been developed in our institution in Paris, and its application can assist in making the diagnosis of this life-threatening poisoning which cannot be emergent diagnosed by currently-available laboratory methods.(author)

  5. Identification and Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of a Genotype XIV Newcastle Disease Virus from Nigeria

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shittu, Ismaila; Sharma, Poonam; Volkening, Jeremy D.; Solomon, Ponman; Sulaiman, Lanre K.; Joannis, Tony M.; Williams-Coplin, Dawn; Miller, Patti J.; Dimitrov, Kiril M.

    2016-01-01

    The first complete genome sequence of a strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from genotype XIV is reported here. Strain duck/Nigeria/NG-695/KG.LOM.11-16/2009 was isolated from an apparently healthy domestic duck from a live bird market in Kogi State, Nigeria, in 2009. This strain is classified as a member of subgenotype XIVb of class II. PMID:26823576

  6. Identification and Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of a Genotype XIV Newcastle Disease Virus from Nigeria

    OpenAIRE

    Shittu, Ismaila; Sharma, Poonam; Volkening, Jeremy D.; Solomon, Ponman; Sulaiman, Lanre K.; Joannis, Tony M.; Williams-Coplin, Dawn; Miller, Patti J.; Dimitrov, Kiril M.; Afonso, Claudio L.

    2016-01-01

    The first complete genome sequence of a strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from genotype XIV is reported here. Strain duck/Nigeria/NG-695/KG.LOM.11-16/2009 was isolated from an apparently healthy domestic duck from a live bird market in Kogi State, Nigeria, in 2009. This strain is classified as a member of subgenotype XIVb of class II.

  7. Paris convention - Decisions, recommendations, interpretations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1990-01-01

    This booklet is published in a single edition in English and French. It contains decisions, recommendations and interpretations concerning the 1960 Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy adopted by the OECD Steering Committee and the OECD Council. All the instruments are set out according to the Article of the Convention to which they relate and explanatory notes are added where necessary [fr

  8. The legal character and operational relevance of the Paris Agreement's temperature goal

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rajamani, Lavanya; Werksman, Jacob

    2018-05-01

    This article assesses the legal character and operational relevance of the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C temperature goal. This article begins with a textual analysis of the 1.5°C goal. It considers whether the goal creates individual or collective obligations for Parties, and whether it is sufficiently specific to enable the tracking of individual or collective performance. Next, it assesses the operational relevance of the 1.5°C temperature goal, by considering the role it will play in the Paris Agreement's institutions and procedures. To the extent that the goal plays a role, and implies global limits on greenhouse gas emissions, this article observes that it could have implications for the sharing of the effort between Parties. Thus, this article considers the relevance of equity and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances, to understanding how the 1.5°C goal could be reached. In this context, this article explores whether the 1.5°C goal could play a role in the Paris Agreement's `ambition cycle'. Finally, this article asks whether there are any legal or political implications, individually or collectively under the Paris Agreement, should the Parties fail to achieve the 1.5°C goal. This article is part of the theme issue `The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels'.

  9. A origem da Universidade de Paris (I

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ruy Afonso da Costa Nunes

    1967-03-01

    Foi no princípio do século XIII que a Universidade começou a organizar-se . Em 1200, por um privilégio outorgado por Filipe Augusto, a corporação dos professôres e dos estudantes de Paris passou a reger-se pela jurisdição eclesiástica, furtando-se dessa maneira ao fôro civil. Em 1215, Roberto de Courçon, legado pontifício, conce-deu ao studium parisiense seus primeiros estatutos oficiais . Se tais medidas constituíram o início da organização jurídica da Universidade, foram, por outro lado, o remate de um lento processo de formação . Mas, como decorreu êsse movimento germinativo da Universidade de Paris? Que condições o prepararam e que fatôres contri-buíram para sua gênese e desenvolvimento?

  10. Interobserver reproducibility of the Paris system for reporting urinary cytology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Theresa Long

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Background: The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology represents a significant improvement in classification of urinary specimens. The system acknowledges the difficulty in cytologically diagnosing low-grade urothelial carcinomas and has developed categories to deal with this issue. The system uses six categories: unsatisfactory, negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (NHGUC, atypical urothelial cells, suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma, high-grade urothelial carcinoma, other malignancies and a seventh subcategory (low-grade urothelial neoplasm. Methods: Three hundred and fifty-seven urine specimens were independently reviewed by four cytopathologists unaware of the previous diagnoses. Each cytopathologist rendered a diagnosis according to the Paris System categories. Agreement was assessed using absolute agreement and weighted chance-corrected agreement (kappa. Disagreements were classified as low impact and high impact based on the potential impact of a misclassification on clinical management. Results: The average absolute agreement was 65% with an average expected agreement of 44%. The average chance-corrected agreement (kappa was 0.32. Nine hundred and ninety-nine of 1902 comparisons between rater pairs were in agreement, but 12% of comparisons differed by two or more categories for the category NHGUC. Approximately 15% of the disagreements were classified as high clinical impact. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the scheme recommended by the Paris System shows adequate precision for the category NHGUC, but the other categories demonstrated unacceptable interobserver variability. This low level of diagnostic precision may negatively impact the applicability of the Paris System for widespread clinical application.

  11. Les mauvais rêves. Une prison à Disneyland Paris

    OpenAIRE

    Genetelli, Olivier

    2011-01-01

    Situé à 35 km de Paris, dans la nouvelle ville de Marne-La-Vallée, Disneyland Paris représente la première destination de loisirs d'Europe. L'implantation du “rongeur aux grande oreilles” ne s'est pas contentée d'établir un simple parc à thème, mais elle a cherché à imposer un cadre de vie sur toute une partie du territoire français, à travers un partenariat public-privé unique en France. De ce fait, nous nous retrouvons dans un “territoire-bulle” contrôlé par Disney. Tout y est propre, sécur...

  12. Exportadores y consignatarios del café costarricense a finales del siglo XIX.

    OpenAIRE

    Peters Solórzano, Gertrud

    2004-01-01

    ResumenEste artículo analiza las transformaciones que sufrieron los exportadores y consignatarios en la cadena de comercialización del café de Costa Rica a finales del siglo XIX. Además se hace énfasis en cuáles estrategias de competitividad utilizó el sector cafetalero para mantenerse y extender su participación en el mercado internacional y la vulnerabilidad de las empresas comerciales ante la crisis de precios mundiales del café al caer el siglo XIX.AbstractThis article intends to study th...

  13. Load curve impact of large electric vehicles fleet in the Paris Ile-de-France region

    OpenAIRE

    Assoumou , Edi; Marmorat , Jean-Paul; Houel , Jérôme; Roy , Valérie

    2015-01-01

    The EV-STEP project was carried out within the ERANET+ Electromobility framework. Funding for the research work presented in this paper by the French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy is gratefully acknowledged. Complementary support was provided by the Chair Modeling for sustainable development, driven by MINES ParisTech, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, and AgroParisTech; supported by ADEME, EDF, GRTgaz, Schneider Electric and the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development...

  14. El socialismo del siglo XXI, ¿una alternativa factible?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Agafonow

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Este escrito hace un análisis crítico de una de las fuentes del socialismo del siglo XXI. Los regímenes socialistas del siglo XX distorsionaron el modelo teórico marxista, en parte debido a la imposibilidad del cálculo económico en el sistema socialista centralizado. Allin Cottrell y Paul Cockshott sostienen que esta imposibilidad se puede superar con el uso de computadores y la tecnología de Internet. El artículo critica algunos aspectos económicos y políticos de su propuesta. La crítica de los aspectos económicos se inspira en el socialismo de mercado, mientras que la de los aspectos políticos se desarrolla a partir de los debates sobre el liberalismo político o igualitario.

  15. The Road Transport world exhibition in Paris

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1995-01-01

    Following the agreement between French and German professionals of automobile and industrial vehicle, the Road Transport world exhibition will take place alternatively in Paris and Hanover. The 1995 meeting has taken place in Paris (September 15-21) and about 20 countries were represented. Road transport is the principal way of goods transportation in France and represent 88% of the traffic explained in tons gross and 70% in tons km. The petroleum dependence of the transportation sector is becoming a worrying problem as the gasoline and diesel fuels taxes will be discussed in the 1996 financial laws project. According to the last ''Worldwide energetic perspectives'' report published by the IEA, in 2010 the transportation sector could absorb more than 60% of the worldwide petroleum consumption. This increase represents a challenge to the petroleum industry to increase the energetic efficiency of the vehicle fuels and the production of diesel fuels, and conversely to reduce the pollution effluents. (J.S.). 4 tabs

  16. Karl Marx and the Paris Commune of 1871: Tracing Traditions of Critical Pedagogy

    Science.gov (United States)

    McGray, Robert

    2014-01-01

    In 1871, citizens of the war torn arrondissements of Paris, in the face of traumatic political and military turmoil, established a new local form of government. The Paris Commune, as this government became known as in the English world, attracted attention for its alternative political-economic organization. One notable commentator was Karl Marx…

  17. 3-D basin modelling of the Paris Basin: diagenetic and hydrogeologic implications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Violette, S.; Goncalves, J.; Jost, A.; Marsily, G. de

    2004-01-01

    A 3-D basin model of the Paris basin is presented in order to simulate through geological times fluid, heat and solute fluxes. This study emphasizes: i) the contribution of basin models to the quantitative hydrodynamic understanding of behaviour of the basin over geological times; ii) the additional use of Atmospheric General Circulation model (AGCM) to provide palaeo-climatic boundaries for a coupled flow and mass transfer modelling, constrained by geochemical and isotopic tracers and; iii) the integration of different types of data (qualitative and quantitative) to better constrain the simulations. Firstly, in a genetic way, basin model is used to reproduce geological, physical and chemical processes occurring in the course of the 248 My evolution of the Paris basin that ought to explain the present-day hydraulic properties at the regional scale. As basin codes try to reproduce some of these phenomena, they should be able to give a plausible idea of the regional-scale permeability distribution of the multi-layered system, of the pre-industrial hydrodynamic conditions within the aquifers and of the diagenesis timing and type of hydrodynamic processes involved. Secondly, climate records archived in the Paris basin groundwater suggest that climate and morphological features have an impact on the hydrogeological processes, particularly during the last 5 My. An Atmospheric General Circulation model is used with a refined spatial resolution centred on the Paris basin to reproduce the climate for the present, the Last Glacial Maximum (21 ky) and the middle Pliocene (3 My). These climates will be prescribed, through forcing functions to the hydrological code with the main objective of understanding the way aquifers and aquitards react under different climate conditions, the period and the duration of these effects. Finally, the Paris basin has been studied for a number of years by different scientific communities, thus a large amount of data has been collected. By

  18. “Real” Places in Marguerite Duras’s Wartime Paris

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jennifer Willging

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available In the four autobiographical narratives in Marguerite Duras’s La Douleur (1985 The War (1994, over one hundred proper place names appear. While these place names all refer to real places, the relationship between these signifiers and their actual geographical referents is mediated, first by their signifieds—the reader’s mental constructs of the places mentioned—and further by their appearance in a text that necessarily creates its own, non-material world. Yet this essay argues that in this uncharacteristically realist text Duras works hard to create the illusion that the Paris there is in fact Occupied Paris, the real city in which she lived out the experiences recounted in her text. She does this, in large part, by indicating the location of each scene with meticulous precision, thus grounding the stories, quite literally, in a geographically and historically situated reality. While many of these sites are among the best-known, and literal, lieux de mémoire ‘sites of memory’ of the Paris of the Second World War, the mention of more obscure places might appear gratuitous. Yet it is precisely in their gratuity, that such details become essential elements of the forceful effet de réel ‘reality effect’ created in the text.

  19. Paris, Texas. Saksamaal ja sinu peas / Kairi Prints

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Prints, Kairi

    2010-01-01

    6.- 12. oktoobrini Tallinnas ja Tartus toimuval filmifestivalil "Uus Saksa Kino" saab vaadata Wim Wendersi muusikadokumentaale. "Film ja filosoofia" rubriigis koha- ja rahvusespetsiifika eksistentsist tänapäeva filmikunstis ja W. Wendersi filmist "Paris, Texas" (USA 1984)

  20. Arte, legislación y política en Lima: Siglo XVIII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha Barriga Tello

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene por objeto establecer las relaciones entre política,legislación y producción artística durante el siglo XVIII en el Virreynatodel Perú. Se establecen, así, tres momentos diferenciados en los que elEstado mostró su preocupación por el patrimonio artístico y la actividadvinculada al arte. El estudio se centra en la legislación local y en la peninsularque normaron esta actividad y en el papel que los agentes relacionadoscon el arte desempeñaron durante ese siglo.

  1. La moallakat de Imru-Ulkais (Un poeta y un poema del siglo VI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Victor Sánchez Montenegro

    1961-05-01

    Full Text Available Escudriñando papeles y documentos antiquísimos, en medio de la selva de libros raros y curiosos que por desgracia está sin explotar, me encontré con varios estudios de siglos lejanos sobre la primitiva poesía árabe que corresponde a la época anteislámica, es decir, del siglo VI hasta el comienzo de la Hégira, en 1662, cuando Mahoma se fugó de la Meca, perseguido por la predicación de su nueva doctrina.

  2. 4p-5s transitions in In XIII, In XIV and In XV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Carroll, P.K.; Costello, J.T.; O'Sullivan, G.

    1986-01-01

    The spectrum of an indium plasma produced by a 1.5 J, 25 ns ruby laser was recorded in the XUV. At wavelengths below 100 A, the spectrum is dominated by 4p-5s transitions in a number of ion stages. Many lines arising from 4p 6 4d-4p 5 4d5s, 4p 6 -4p 5 5s and 4p 5 -4p 4 5s transitions in In XIII, In XIV and In XV have been identified by isoelectronic extrapolation and Dirac-Fock calculations. (orig.)

  3. El XIV Congreso Geológico Internacional de 1926 en España

    OpenAIRE

    Ayala Carcedo, Francisco Javier; Perejón, Antonio; Puche Riart, Octavio; Jordá Bordehore, Luis

    2005-01-01

    El XIV Congreso Geológico Internacional de 1926 ha sido el único organizado en España. Se exponen las características principales del mismo, a nivel temático y organizativo. Se analizan cuantitativamente el número de asistentes, las lenguas utilizadas, los países representados, las publicaciones, los autores y su productividad. Se muestra así el significado del congreso en la historia de los mismos, el predominio de geólogos franceses y alemanes, el predominio del trabajo individual y el limi...

  4. USA Withdrawal from Paris Agreement – What Next?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergey Chestnoy

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available In June 2017, President Trump announced the USA’s withdrawal from the Paris Climate Accord, which had been ratified for less than a year, thanks in large part to the USA. That drastic shift followed the change in residency at the White House. Withdrawing from the Paris Accord presents an interesting topic for analysis. There’s the practical side of the withdrawal procedure as set out in Article 28 of the agreement, not to mention the consequences of US non-participation in addressing international climate issues. There are other international forums (Such as G8 and G20, which also have an interest in climate related topics. The Article analyses the U.S. position in negotiations and its commitments assumed the moment the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC came into effect until now: the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, financial aid and reporting. It also provides general analysis of national legal obligations under the Paris Accord, ratification of that agreement in general and in particularly another that took place in the USA, it focuses on the specifics of withdrawal. The specified three-year period from the Agreement becoming active, after which any party may withdraw from it (2019, is a noteworthy detail. It is well-known that the Paris Agreement provides a framework that does not impose individual national commitments or a commitment to a compliance system. In essence, and from a legal point of view, it is nonbinding. This was what allowed the USA to accept the terms of the accord relatively quickly and to use the simplified procedure, which by-passed Congress. In the opinion of the authors, President Trump’s resolution to withdraw should, possibly, be considered as a simple continuation of his election discourse and the fulfilment of a campaign promise. Additionally, President Trump’s declared intent to review the Paris Accord has legal grounds on which to launch further international negotiations

  5. What does the Paris Agreement mean for adaptation?

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Lesnikowski, Alexandra; Ford, James; Biesbroek, Robbert; Berrang-Ford, Lea; Maillet, Michelle; Araos, Malcolm; Austin, Stephanie E.

    2017-01-01

    The Paris Agreement takes a significant step forward in strengthening the adaptation pillar of global climate policy. By widening the normative framing around adaptation, calling for stronger adaptation commitments from states, being explicit about the multilevel nature of adaptation governance, and

  6. U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement: Reasons, impacts, and China's response

    OpenAIRE

    Hai-Bin Zhang; Han-Cheng Dai; Hua-Xia Lai; Wen-Tao Wang

    2017-01-01

    Applying qualitative and quantitative methods, this article explains the driving forces behind U.S. President Donald Trump's decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement, assesses the impacts of this withdrawal on the compliance prospects of the agreement, and proposes how China should respond. The withdrawal undercuts the foundation of global climate governance and upsets the process of climate cooperation, and the impacts are manifold. The withdrawal undermines the universality of the Pari...

  7. Could US mayors achieve the entire US Paris climate target?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gurney, K. R.; Huang, J.; Hutchins, M.; Liang, J.

    2017-12-01

    After the recent US Federal Administration announcement not to adhere to the Paris Accords, 359 mayors (and counting) in the US pledged to maintain their commitments, reducing emissions within their jurisdictions by 26-28% from their 2005 levels by the year 2025. While important, this leaves a large portion of the US landscape, and a large amount of US emissions, outside of the Paris commitment. With Federal US policy looking unlikely to change, could additional effort by US cities overcome the gap in national policy and achieve the equivalent US national Paris commitment? How many cities would be required and how deep would reductions need to be? Up until now, this question could not be reliably resolved due to lack of data at the urban scale. Here, we answer this question with new data - the Vulcan V3.0 FFCO2 emissions data product - through examination of the total US energy related CO2 emissions from cities. We find that the top 500 urban areas in the US could meet the national US commitment to the Paris Accords with a reduction of roughly 30% below their 2015 levels by the year 2025. This is driven by the share of US emissions emanating from cities, particularly the largest cohort. Indeed, as the number of urban areas taking on CO2 reduction targets grows, the less the reduction burden on any individual city. In this presentation, we provide an analysis of US urban CO2 emissions and US climate policy, accounting for varying definitions of urban areas, emitting sectors and the tradeoff between the number of policy-active cities and the CO2 reduction burden.

  8. Assessment of indoor environment in Paris child day care centers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Roda, Célina; Barral, Sophie; Ravelomanantsoa, Hanitriniala; Dusséaux, Murielle; Tribout, Martin; Le Moullec, Yvon; Momas, Isabelle

    2011-11-01

    Children are sensitive to indoor environmental pollution. Up until now there has been a lack of data on air quality in child day care centers. The aim of this study is to document the indoor environment quality of Paris child day care centers by repeated measurements, and to compare pollutant levels in child day care centers with levels in Paris dwellings. We selected 28 child day care centers frequented by a random sample of babies who participated in the PARIS birth cohort environmental investigation, and visited the child day care centers for one week twice in one year. Biological contaminants assessed were fungi, endotoxin, dust mite allergens, and chemical pollutants: aldehydes, volatile organic compounds and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Relative humidity, temperature, and carbon dioxide levels were measured simultaneously. A standardized questionnaire was used to gather information about the buildings and their inhabitants. Airborne endotoxin levels in child day care centers were higher than those found in Paris dwellings. Dust mite allergens in child day care centers were below the threshold level for sensitization in the majority of samples, and in common with dwelling samples. Penicillium and Cladosporium were the most commonly identified genera fungi. The child day care center indoor/outdoor ratio for most chemical pollutants was above unity except for NO2, the levels for NO2 being significantly higher than those measured in homes. Chemical and biological contamination in child day care centers appears to be low, apart from endotoxin and NO2. Failure to take child exposure in child day care centers into account could result in an overestimation of children's exposure to other pollutants. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. Revision of the Paris and Brussels Conventions of Nuclear Liability

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reyners, P.

    2002-01-01

    The Contracting Parties to the 1960 Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy and to the 1963 Brussels Convention Supplementary to the Paris Convention, have concluded this Spring four years of negotiation on the revision of these instruments. This exercise was itself started as a logical consequence of the adoption in 1997 of a revised Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage and of a Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage. The Contracting Parties have concluded that the existing regime established by these Conventions remains viable and sound but that it also warrants improvements to ensure that greater financial security will be available to compensate a potentially larger number of victims in respect of a broader range of nuclear damage. A number of more technical amendments have also been agreed, in particular to ensure compatibility with other existing Conventions in this field. When the revised Paris and Brussels Conventions come into force, the total amount of funds available for compensation, provided by the liable nuclear operator and by the States concerned, will be 1.5 billion euros. (author)

  10. Claude Lévi-Strauss: El pensamiento de un siglo. "Psicoanalisis y Antropologia hoy"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Presentación (en español Nacido en 1908, Claude lévi-Strauss es considerado como el fundador de la antropología estructural e introductor a las ciencias sociales del enfoque estructuralista basado en la linguística estructural de Saussure. Por la influencia de su obra, dentro y fuera de la antropología, es uno de los intelectuales más influyentes del siglo XX. Con motivo del aniversario del antropólogo, el Coloquio internacional "Claude Lévi-Srauss: el pensamiento de un siglo “psicoanalisis ...

  11. Misiones y lingüística indígena a finales del siglo xix en Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Triana y Antorveza, Humberto; Internacionalista y Antropólogo, investigador de Fundación Comunidades Colombianas, FUNCOL.

    2004-01-01

    Este trabajo trata sobre la labor realizada por misioneros y comuni­dades religiosas en el Siglo XIX en el aprendizaje y estudio de las lenguas aborígenes. Enfatiza cómo a fines de éste siglo, el conoci­miento de las lenguas indígenas fue objetivo prioritario de las misiones católicas.

  12. Walter Benjamin e Paris: individualidade e trabalho intelectual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renato Ortiz

    2000-05-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo é uma leitura do texto de Walter Benjamin Paris capital do século XIX. A partir do conjunto de anotações que Benjamin faz de diversos livros consultados, principalmente durante sua pesquisa na Bibliothèque Nationale, o autor pretende trabalhar a noção de indivíduo vinculando-a a dois temas. Primeiro, a emergência do flâneur como tradução do espírito de mobilidade que se inaugura com a modernidade. Para isso a discussão sobre a noção de espaço, particularmente no que diz respeito a cidade de Paris, é importante. O flâneur surge assim como um indivíduo desenraizado que se locomove através do espaço urbano remodelado. Segundo, uma aproximação entre o ato da flânerie e o trabalho intelectual. Considerando a flânerie como uma atividade intelectual o autor mostra como os temas do distanciamento e da construção do objeto são relevantes tanto para o flâneur-detetive quanto para a reflexão nas ciências sociais.This paper is an interpretation of Walter Benjamins Paris, Capital of the 19th Century. Based on the notes Benjamin made on several books he read, mainly during his research at the Bibliotèque Nationale, the author discusses the notion of the individual linking it to two themes. First, to the emergence of the flâneur as a translation of the spirit of mobility which starts with modernity. The discussion on the notion of space, especially where it concerns Paris, is essential for this analysis. The flâneur is seen as an uprooted individual who moves around the remodelled urban space. Second, to the proximity between the act of flânerie and that of intellectual work. Taking flânerie to be intellectual activity, the author shows how the themes of the distancing and the construction of the object are relevant, both to the detective-flâneur and to the reflection in social sciences.

  13. Embedding the logic of the Paris Agreement into the new Regulation on Governance of the Energy Union

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Voss-Stemping, Judith; Sartor, Oliver; Colombier, Michel

    2017-10-01

    To safeguard the climate and to keep the temperatures targets of the Paris Agreement within reach, determined climate action of global players, such as the European Union (EU) and its Member States, is needed more than ever. The Paris Agreement sets out a clear process to review and raise ambition embarking on a long-term transformation of the global economy. To ensure that this process and the logic of the Paris Agreement is adequately embedded in the into the new Regulation on Governance of the Energy Union, IDDRI identifies the long-term strategies, iterative process and inherent time-line of the Paris Agreement as points of vigilance

  14. Fine-structure energy levels and radiative lifetime in Mo XIV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Xiaodong; Pei Dong; Jiang Renbin; Wang Wanjue

    2002-01-01

    Energy levels, radiative lifetime and various transition parameters for allowed transitions among the 1508 fine-structure levels belong to the (1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 ) 3d 10 4l, 3d 9 4l 2 , 3d 10 5l, 3d 9 4l4m, 3d 10 6l, 3d 10 7l and so on configurations of the Cu-like ions Mo XIV have been calculated by using the expanded fully relativistic GRASP code. The results are compared with those available in the literature, and the accuracy of the present data is assessed. Energy levels are expected to be accurate to within 0.81%. The authors have found some long lifetime levels

  15. Paris saponin-induced autophagy promotes breast cancer cell apoptosis via the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xie, Zhan-Zhi; Li, Man-Mei; Deng, Peng-Fei; Wang, Sheng; Wang, Lei; Lu, Xue-Ping; Hu, Liu-Bing; Chen, Zui; Jie, Hui-Yang; Wang, Yi-Fei; Liu, Xiao-Xiao; Liu, Zhong

    2017-02-25

    Paris saponins possess anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral effects. However, the anticancer effect of Paris saponins has not been well elucidated and the mechanisms underlying the potential function of Paris saponins in cancer therapy are needed to be further identify. In this study, we report that saponin compounds isolated from Paris polyphylla exhibited antitumor activity against breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Paris saponin XA-2 induced apoptosis in both cell lines, as evidenced by the activation of caspases and cleavage of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. The ability of XA-2 to induce autophagy was confirmed by acridine orange staining, accumulation of autophagosome-bound Long chain 3 (LC3)-II, and measurement of autophagic flux. XA-2-induced autophagy was observed to promote apoptosis by the combined treatment of breast cancer cell lines with XA-2 and autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and bafilomycin A1, respectively. Moreover, we report a decrease in the levels of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway proteins, such as the phosphorylated forms of Akt, mTOR, P70S6K, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1). Taken together, these results provide important insights explaining the anticancer activity of Paris saponins and the potential development of XA-2 as a new therapeutic agent. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  16. [Effects of low-light stress on photosynthetic characteristics of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis in artificial domestication cultivation].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zheng, Shun-lin; Tian, Meng-liang; Liu, Jin-liang; Zhao, Ting-ting; Zhang, Zhong

    2014-09-01

    To decide on the optimum artificial domestication cultivation light environment for Paris polyphylla var. chinensis through investigating the effect of light intensity on leaf's gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic parameters, light saturation point and compensation point of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. Different low-light stress gradients' effect on the growth of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis was compared with no low-light stress treatment through calculating leaf's gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic parameters, light saturation point and compensation point, and then all these parameters were statistically analyzed. Light intensity had significant influence on the photosynthetic characteristics of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. With the strengthening of the low-light stress, chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic parameters P., AQY and light saturation point all gradually increased at first, and then decreased. However, both photosynthetic parameters Rd and light compensation point firstly decreased and then rose again. These results showed that too strong or too weak light intensity affected the optimization of photosynthetic parameters of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. The optimal illuminance for each parameter was not completely same, but they could all reach a relative ideal state when the shading ranges between 40% and 60%. However, photosynthetic parameters deteriorated rapidly when the shading surpass 80%. For artificially cultivating Paris polyphylla var. chinensis in Baoxing,Sichuan or the similar ecological region, shading 40%-60% is the optimal light environment, which can enhance the photosynthesis of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis and promote the accumulation of photosynthetic products.

  17. Elites y Hasbur entre las coyunturas económicas del siglo XVIII en Centroamérica

    OpenAIRE

    Wortman, Miles

    2002-01-01

    Resumen Estudia la dinámica económica del siglo XVII en Centroamérica, desde el punto de vista de la producción y el comercio. Aborda el problema de la existencia o no de una depresión generalizada en la región durante ese período, y lo contrasta con el siglo anterior y posterior

  18. Los Reyes Católicos en la pintura española del siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rincón García, Wifredo

    2004-05-01

    Full Text Available A lo largo del siglo XIX, uno de los temas históricos más recurrentes de la pintura española será el reinado de los Reyes Católicos y los artistas se sucederán a lo largo del siglo plasmando los más diversos momentos de la vida y el gobierno de Isabel I de Castilla y Fernando II de Aragón que, tras unir sus vidas y sus coronas, unificaron también los reinos hispánicos y juntos culminaron en 1492 la larga tarea de la reconquista iniciada muchos siglos antes. Durante su reinado tuvo lugar también el Descubrimiento de América, sin lugar a dudas, otro de los hitos históricos más importantes de la pintura española y en cuya iconografía estos monarcas juegan también un papel importante.…

  19. 17. X avati XIV rahvusvaheline Tallinna graafikatriennaal, seekord ülddeviisi "Poliitiline/Poeetiline" all / Eve Kask

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kask, Eve

    2007-01-01

    Tallinna XIV graafikatriennaalist (Anders Kreugeri koostatud näitus "1987. Baltimaade graafika ja plakatid nõukogude aja viimasest kümnendist" ja põhinäitus "Poliitiline/Poeetiline" Kumu Kunstimuuseumis, Anders Härmi kuraatorinäitus "Poliitiline/Poeetiline" Tallinna Kunstihoones ja selle galeriis, Egle Kuckaite isikunäitus Tallinna Linnagaleriis, triennaali paneel Kadrioru Kunstimuuseumis). Triennaali peaauhinna sai Oscar Munos. Triennaaliga samaaegselt Tallinnas toimuvast rahvusvahelisest graafikakonverentsist "Impact 5" teemal "Lõigatud aeg", mille raames on avatud graafikanäitused

  20. Obstetricia integral siglo XXI. Tomo I

    OpenAIRE

    Bracho Ch., Alcides C.; Bautista Charry, Alejandro; Castro Sanguino, Alejandro; Navarro Milanés, Alfonso; Lomanto Moran, Antonio; Ruiz Parra, Ariel Iván; Parada Baños, Arturo José; Villacis Vallejos, Carlos Eduardo; Saavedra Trujillo, Carlos Humberto; Arteaga Díaz, Clara Eugenia; Cortés Díaz, Daniel Otálvaro; Vargas Fiesco, Diana Carolina; Peña, Diana; Becerra Cornejo, Diego Alejandro; Müller, Edith Angel

    2009-01-01

    El libro Obstetricia integral siglo XXI. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, se trata de una revisión, actual y profunda, de los principales tópicos en el área de la obstetricia, realizada por un grupo interdisciplinario de autores comprometidos con el mejoramiento de la calidad en el cuidado de la salud de la mujer gestante. Se ha procurado un balance entre los aspectos básicos de fisiopatología y las guías de atención clínica soportadas en evidencias científicas, con el ...

  1. Aspectos literarios de la obra de don Joan de Castellanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Germán Romero

    1966-09-01

    Full Text Available Capítulo XIV Voces castizas que no figuran en el diccionario de la academia (I Con el título de Dos mil quinientas voces castizas y bien autorizadas que piden lugar en nuestro léxico, publicó don Francisco Rodríguez Marín un interesante libro en Madrid, 1922. El erudito comentador del Quijote estudió cuidadosamente los autores españoles de los siglos XV, XVI y XVII.

  2. Elaborating Article 15 of the Paris Agreement: Facilitating Implementation and Promoting Compliance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Biniaz, Susan

    2017-10-01

    As climate negotiations reopen on November, 6 at COP23 in Bonn to advance the concrete implementation of the different provisions of the Paris Agreement, this paper aims to take stock of the open questions of Article 15. They concern the role of the Committee responsible for 'facilitating compliance and promoting implementation'. First, the paper outlines what was already decided in Paris in 2015 as well as the issues still to be resolved by the end of 2018. These include the scope of its application, the means to initiate Article 15 as well as the outcomes that the committee can produce and the tools it should have at its disposal. Keeping in mind Paris Agreement's uniqueness and its philosophy, the author attempts to identify the added value of Article 15's mechanism and suggests ways to address the respective expectations and concerns of Parties, in order to progress towards a consensual resolution that is acceptable to a large number of Parties

  3. Esbozo general del desarrollo empresarial Colombiano durante el siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alvaro Morales Ordosgoitia

    1991-05-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN El tema anunciado constituye básicamente en una síntesis muy apretada acerca de algunos aspectos que en la historia nacional del siglo XIX tuvieron que ver con el impulso y desarrollo de las primeras empresas colombianas.

  4. El amancebamiento en Medellin, siglos XVIII - XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Rodríguez

    1991-01-01

    extraídos de los archivos judiciales de Medellín, en momentos distintos de los siglos XVIII y XIX, se pretende dar una perspectiva de carácter histórico al amancebamiento como fenómeno social. Se estudia el hecho como una forma válida de unión matrimonial, aunque no exenta de penalización por parte de los estamentos judiciales, de los eclesiásticos o de la sociedad civil.

  5. Paris and its long-term temperature goal: First steps on a long road

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rogelj, J.

    2017-12-01

    As a means to achieve its long-term temperature goal, the Paris Agreement put in place a system of regularly updated country pledges alternating with global stocktaking exercises that assess progress towards achieving the Paris goals. By now, the vast majority of countries have submitted their intended actions (also known as Nationally Determined Contributions - NDCs). This begs the question what these amount to and whether they are in line with the agreement`s long-term temperature goal. A structured sensitivity analysis of the emissions implications of the Paris pledges has been carried out, showing that the ambiguity and imprecision of the NDCs leaves open a wide range of possible outcomes by 2030. This range has important implications for the feasibility and cost of pathways that attempt to limit warming to the temperature goals of the Agreement. We identify salient steps to reduce the overall uncertainty, and explore the minimum requirements that have to be met for integrated energy-economy-land models to still find options to stay within the temperature limits of the Paris Agreement. These requirements come under the form of near-term emissions reductions, and assumptions about the deployment of carbon-dioxide removal technologies in the second half of the century.

  6. Exención fiscal nobiliaria en el ámbito local bajomedieval : en torno a tres documentos de la villa de Belmonte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Díaz de la Guardia y López

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamentado en tres documentos inéditos de la villa de Belmonte (siglos XIV, XV y XVI y en documentación del Archivo Histórico Nacional (AHN, del Archivo General de Simancas (AGS y de la Real Chancillería de Granada (ARChG, el autor reflexiona sobre las exenciones nobiliarias en al ámbito local en relación con la problemática de las tierras pecheras en la Corona de Castilla.Basing on three unpublished documents of the town of Belmonte (XIV-XVI c. and the documentation of AHN (The National Historical Archive, AGS (The General Archive of Simancas and ARChG (The Royal Chancellery Archive of Granada, the author reflects on the fiscal immunities of the nobility in the local area related to the problem of the taxable lands in the Reign of Castile.

  7. The Paris Agreement: end of the climate multilateralism crisis or evolution in chiaroscuro?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lavallee, Sophie; Maljean-Dubois, Sandrine

    2016-01-01

    After a decade of chaotic negotiations, the twenty-first Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change managed on 12 December 12 2015 to agree on the text of an international treaty, the Paris Agreement, preceded by a COP decision aiming both to explain and prepare the entry into force of the treaty. Is this compromise text marking a significant step or is it a weak agreement incapable to alter our medium and long term trajectories of emissions of greenhouse gases? Tracing the process that led to its adoption helps to better understand the substantive and procedural contribution of the Paris agreement, without denying its limits. As a new brick in the complex architecture of the climate regime, the Paris Agreement is more the beginning of a new era for climate diplomacy, full of uncertainties, than a final stage

  8. The PCNA-associated protein PARI negatively regulates homologous recombination via the inhibition of DNA repair synthesis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Burkovics, Peter; Dome, Lili; Juhasz, Szilvia

    2016-01-01

    to inhibit homologous recombination (HR) events. Here, we describe a biochemical mechanism in which PARI functions as an HR regulator after replication fork stalling and during double-strand break repair. In our reconstituted biochemical system, we show that PARI inhibits DNA repair synthesis during...... recombination events in a PCNA interaction-dependent way but independently of its UvrD-like helicase domain. In accordance, we demonstrate that PARI inhibits HR in vivo, and its knockdown suppresses the UV sensitivity of RAD18-depleted cells. Our data reveal a novel human regulatory mechanism that limits...

  9. L'escriptura i el llibre a la Catalunya Central als segles XIII i XIV

    OpenAIRE

    Torras i Cortina, Miquel

    2004-01-01

    Consultable des del TDX Títol obtingut de la portada digitalitzada Aquesta investigació reconstrueix la vida cultural de la ciutat de Manresa, a la Catalunya Central, al llarg dels segles XIII i XIV, amb el còdex baixmedieval com a fil conductor. L'estudi es basa en l'anàlisi de 305 documents amb mencions libràries (editats conjuntament), pràcticament tots ells inèdits, que procedeixen d'un buidatge exhaustiu dels fons notarials que custodien l'Arxiu Històric Comarcal de Manresa i l'Arx...

  10. Paris after Trump: An Inconvenient Insight

    OpenAIRE

    Böhringer, Christoph; Rutherford, Thomas F.

    2017-01-01

    With his announcement to pull the US out of the Paris Agreement US President Donald Trump has snubbed the international climate policy community. Key remaining parties to the Agreement such as Europe and China might call for carbon tariffs on US imports as a sanctioning instrument to coerce US compliance. Our analysis, however, reveals an inconvenient insight for advocates of carbon tariffs: given the possibility of retaliatory tariffs across all imported goods, carbon tariffs do not constitu...

  11. Labradores y vecinos en la campaña bonaerense a mediados del siglo XIX

    OpenAIRE

    Andreucci, Bibiana

    2013-01-01

    Avanzado el siglo XIX y consolidado el modelo agroexportador en la Pampa argentina, la gran estancia, la ganadería extensiva y una distribución inequitativa de la tierra opacaron otras alternativas de desarrollo que se tuvieron en cuenta en los momentos de génesis de la modernización. Este artículo trata de recuperar el rol protagónico que los vecinos tuvieron en los pueblos bonaerenses a mediados del siglo xix, mostrando cómo los gobiernos de la época necesitaron de las redes existentes en l...

  12. Lexicografía hispanofrancesa de los siglos XVI y XVII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Bruña Cuevas

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Sobre la obra, de Luis Pablo Núñez, El arte de las palabras. Diccionarios e imprenta en el Siglo de Oro(Mérida, Editora Regional de Extremadura, 2010, 2 volúmenes, 569 y 465 p. ISBN: 978-84-9852-265-5.

  13. En época del Medievo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Córdoba, Joaquín Mª

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available El siglo XIII y sobre todo los dos siguientes, el XIV y el XV, siglos que Johan Huizinga evocaría como «el otoño de la Edad Media» parecen haber sido especialmente fértiles en viajes a mundos remotos. Frailes y nobles, comerciantes y aventureros europeos unidos en épicas jornadas llegarían a regiones tan remotas como el corazón de Mongolia, el Mar Rojo o las islas de Java y Sumatra. Y entre las vidas, los viajes y los recuerdos de fray Guillermo de Rubruck, Marco Polo o Niccolò dei Conti, redescubrimos nosotros el valor y las aventuras de viajeros españoles que, como Ruy González de Clavijo o Don Pero Tafur, escribieron libros hoy estimados entre los mejores…

  14. Recomponiendo un puzle. Disquisiciones acerca de la restauración e interpretación de unas pinturas murales de estilo gótico lineal en la iglesia de Santa María la Nueva de Zamora

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Pérez Martín

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available La iglesia de Santa María la Nueva de Zamora, de origen románico, se ha revelado como un puzle enigmático de difícil interpretación en su evolución constructiva. Dentro de un programa de intervenciones y estudios mucho más amplio, se exponen aquí los avances en su conocimiento surgidos con motivo de la restauración de las pinturas murales situadas en la sacristía sur, lugar especialmente sensible por ser la unión de varias fases del templo de los siglos XII, XIV y XVIII. Algunos de estos elementos -incluidas varias escenas del ciclo pictórico- fueron tratados al descubrirse a mediados del siglo XX como piezas de un rompecabezas que debía rehacerse

  15. Iglesia y Monarquía castellana bajo la misma cruz: Una visita pastoral a la diócesis de Segovia en 1446-1447

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvina Andrea Mondragón

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo analiza la situación de las parroquias segovianas de mediados del siglo XV a partir del documento de una visita pastoral donde se asienta el estado de conservación de las iglesias, la conducta de los curas párrocos y las opiniones campesinas vinculadas a esto. Se analiza también el rol que desempeña el visitador en tanto portador de la ideología emanada de la Iglesia como institución, al tiempo que imbuido de la lógica de la comunidad campesina de la que generalmente procede. El contexto general de esta visita pastoral es la reforma eclesiástica general del siglo XIV, que trató de revertir la crisis de la Iglesia

  16. Turning Paris into reality at the University of California

    Science.gov (United States)

    Victor, David G.; Abdulla, Ahmed; Auston, David; Brase, Wendell; Brouwer, Jack; Brown, Karl; Davis, Steven J.; Kappel, Carrie V.; Meier, Alan; Modera, Mark; Zarin Pass, Rebecca; Phillips, David; Sager, Jordan; Weil, David; TomKat Natural Gas Exit Strategies Working Group

    2018-03-01

    The Paris Agreement highlights the need for local climate leadership. The University Of California's approach to deep decarbonization offers lessons in efficiency, alternative fuels and electrification. Bending the emissions curve globally requires efforts that blend academic insights with practical solutions.

  17. Revision of the Paris Convention from the German point of view

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mahlmann, Wilfried.

    1977-01-01

    The paper discusses the revision of the Paris Convention from the German point of view and states how this country has used the possibilities for exceptions provided under the Convention so that German nuclear third party liability legislation differs somewhat from the standards laid down in the Convention. This is explained by a desire to provide increased financial security for the population concerned. After describing various proposed procedures for increasing liability amounts in the Paris Convention and the Brussels Supplementary Convention the author concludes that his country would welcome a revision of the Conventions which would provide increased financial security for the public. (NEA) [fr

  18. The Paris Agreement to Ignore Reality

    OpenAIRE

    Spash, Clive L.

    2016-01-01

    At the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change held in Paris, France, 30 November to 11 December 2015, an Agreement was reached by the international community including 195 countries. The Agreement has been hailed, by participants and the media, as a major turning point for policy in the struggle to address human induced climate change. The following is a short critical commentary in which I briefly explain why ...

  19. Del lujo o la melancolía. Antioquia siglos XIX y XX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Federico García Barrientos

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Es abundante la bibliografía de estudios regionales de Antioquia que hacen referencia al auge y desarrollo de su comercio en el siglo XIX y de su industrialización en las tres primeras décadas del siglo XX. Se trata de un amplio abanico de investigaciones referido a la cosa comercial, industrial y empresarial. Parece un asunto agotado. Arriesgaremos a mirar un tema poco tratado: el lujo y el confort; ello desde la filosofía fenomenológica para los años en mención. Lo primero que hay que decir es que el lujo trata de un asunto moral y material, el cual presentamos como una tragedia melancólica en dos actos.

  20. Artefactos, Artilugios y Artimañas en Arquitectura : una cartografía de relaciones a lo largo del siglo XX

    OpenAIRE

    Mejías Villatoro, Francisco José

    2016-01-01

    Esta tesis rastrea la manera particular en la que los conceptos de artefacto, artilugio y artimaña han sucedido a lo largo del siglo XX. Esto es importante pues estos conceptos están estrechamente ligados al nivel de confianza que nos suscita el entorno construido, hecho que es crucial para el trabajo de un arquitecto. Se eligió el siglo XX, porque en él, estos tres conceptos han sucedido de una manera particular. Si históricamente, desde la antigua Grecia hasta el siglo XIX, era frecuente en...

  1. "La ciencia de los ingenieros..." en la primera mitad del siglo XVIII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Galindo Díaz, Jorge

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available In Paris was published, in 1729, sign ed by some different authors, a book known as the first great modern engineering treatise. "La Science des Ingénieurs...", signed by Bernard Forest de Belidor, a french man of catalan origin, mathematics teacher in La Fére Artillery School, member as well of the Scientific Societies of London and Prussia and a correspondent of the Paris Royal Academy of Sciences. In this book we will appreciate a firm direction change in two fundamental aspects of the technical culture of actual engineers: the way to dimension structures, starting from the numerical procedures and the organization of the processes in construction works In the following pages I want to introduce you into the contents of this treatise in its original version and in its castiílan particular translation. But, before this, I have also to explain the teatrise role in the disociation of two professions that, till this time. have share attitudes and competitivines: architecture and engineering, such as they were understood in the Renaissance distant years where the durability, stability and solidity of a building, watever it was, was preceded by a perfect execution, by the use of appropriated materials, and where the different parts were measured following a general plan of whole proportions and the search of balance elements. We will see how -based on the science of these XVIII century engineers- all those principies have to be explained through the nature of the algebraical reasons, the mechanical knowledge and the abstract understanding of the structural elements. It is worthwhile to point out that this work is a part of a much more important investigation concerning the transformations of the technical knowledge concerning engineering and architecture between XVI and XVIII centuries, as well in Europe as in America, insisting on the role played by the academies and schools, in one or the other ocean side.En 1729 aparece publicado en París el

  2. Paris polyphylla extract inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Purpose: To investigate the effect of Paris polyphylla extract (PPE) on proliferation and apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cells. Methods: Morphological changes were examined by microscopy in A549 cells after exposure to PPE. Trypan blue staining of living cells was used to aid the construction of the cell growth curve ...

  3. Paris agreement in the light of the objectives and principles of the contemporary policy and environmental law

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Todić Dragoljub

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The author points to the overall context of the discussion about the problems related to Climate change. The paper analyzes the provisions of the Paris Agreement, adopted on the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (Paris, December, 2015. The overall context of the discussion is determined by the content and significance of the objectives and principles defined in the Paris Agreement in relation to the goals and principles of the contemporary policy and environmental law in general. Particular emphasis is given to the place and importance of the objectives related to human rights (the right to a healthy environment and sustainable development. The central part of the paper examines the significance of the objectives and principles in the field of the climate change that are contained in the provisions of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change with the Kyoto Protocol and other relevant international agreements relevant to climate change that were adopted prior to the Paris Agreement. Further on, the provisions of the Paris Agreement are analyzed, and in particular the parts relating to the objectives and principles. The last part of the paper gives an overview of the relevance of the solutions contained in the Paris Agreement for the Republic of Serbia. Paper provides an overview of the basic strategic and normative elements of national policy in the field of climate change, including the question of objectives and principles. In addition to that it considers the thesis that Paris agreement, aside from the elements of the continuity as the successor of the Kyoto protocol, contains a new element regarding goals and principles of international community's activities in the climate change field.

  4. Ice-free Arctic projections under the Paris Agreement

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sigmond, Michael; Fyfe, John C.; Swart, Neil C.

    2018-05-01

    Under the Paris Agreement, emissions scenarios are pursued that would stabilize the global mean temperature at 1.5-2.0 °C above pre-industrial levels, but current emission reduction policies are expected to limit warming by 2100 to approximately 3.0 °C. Whether such emissions scenarios would prevent a summer sea-ice-free Arctic is unknown. Here we employ stabilized warming simulations with an Earth System Model to obtain sea-ice projections under stabilized global warming, and correct biases in mean sea-ice coverage by constraining with observations. Although there is some sensitivity to details in the constraining method, the observationally constrained projections suggest that the benefits of going from 2.0 °C to 1.5 °C stabilized warming are substantial; an eightfold decrease in the frequency of ice-free conditions is expected, from once in every five to once in every forty years. Under 3.0 °C global mean warming, however, permanent summer ice-free conditions are likely, which emphasizes the need for nations to increase their commitments to the Paris Agreement.

  5. La arquitectura española del siglo XIX: estado de la cuestión

    OpenAIRE

    Navascués Palacio, Pedro

    1990-01-01

    Los problemas que pueden afectar a la historia de la arquitectura española del siglo XIX, como disciplina, no son muy diferentes de los que tiene planteados la historia del arte español en general, y si se me permite ir más allá, de las limitaciones que condicionan en nuestro país la investigación y conocimiento de la Historia l. El estudio de la arquitectura del siglo XIX, probablemente uno de los capítulos más jóvenes de la historia del arte español, ha debido de rom...

  6. Una mentalidad demoníaca del siglo XVII.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Elkin Ramírez.

    1998-06-01

    Full Text Available En el presente artículo el autor hace un ejercicio de reconstrucción histórica de algunos de los elementos que constituyen la mentalidad Europea en el siglo XVI y XVII, en lo que concierne la demonología, la creencia en el padre y las luchas religiosas ; para contextualizar el escrito de Freud sobre “una neurosis demoniaca del siglo XVII”. Muestra que el pintor Haizmann disponía en la utilería de su época, de las concepciones del demonio, de la virgen y de los santos que anudados a su complejo paterno personal, explican su neurosis, pero permiten además la hipótesis de que el resquebrajamiento de la figura del padre, a partir del politeísmo cristiano, y la pérdida de la hegemonía religiosa de la Iglesia católica sobrevenida por la reforma, el creciente escepticismo, -que no del ateísmo- colocan a la época entera en un instante de transición de mentalidad de un mundo cerrado de dioses y demonios a un universo positivo, científico y angustiante, por la muerte del Dios-padre protector.

  7. CHARGING THE WEIGHT OF WORDS AND THE CLASH OF IMAGES: Historical mapping of editorial features of Paris Match

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliza Bachega Casadei

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available A revista francesa Paris Match foi uma influência decisiva na modulação dos projetos editoriais de muitas revistas brasileiras importantes, como O Cruzeiro e Manchete. Não obstante isso, são poucos os trabalhos que exploram os aspectos editoriais da publicação francesa. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente artigo é, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, realizar um mapeamento histórico dos aspectos editoriais de Paris Match, bem como a forma como eles foram sendo modificados ao longo do tempo.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Paris Match; história; projeto editorial.   ABSTRACT The French magazine Paris Match had a decisive influence on the modulation of editorial projects of many important Brazilian magazines such as O Cruzeiro and Manchete. Nevertheless, there are few works that explore the editorial aspects of this French publication. Thus, the purpose of this article is from a literature review, conduct a historical mapping of the editorial aspects of Paris Match, as well as the way they were being modified over time.   KEYWORDS: Paris Match; history; editorial project.     RESUMEN La revista francesa Paris Match tuve una influencia decisiva en la modulación de los proyectos editoriales de varias revistas brasileñas importantes tales como O Cruzeiro y Manchete. Sin embargo, son escasos los trabajos que exploran los aspectos editorialies de la publicación francesa. Por lo tanto, el propósito de este artículo es, de una revisión de la literatura, llevar a cabo una asignación histórica de los aspectos editoriales de Paris Match, así como la forma en que se están modificando con el tiempo.   PALABRAS CLAVE: Paris Match; historia; proyecto editorial. Arquivamento e preservação de longo prazo do arquivo em: OpenDepot / Edina (The University of Edinburgh:  em processo de inclusão/indexação SSOAR-GESIS – Leibniz-Institut (Alemanha:  HAL (França: em processo de inclusão/indexação

  8. Withdrawing from the Paris climate agreement hurts the US

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bordoff, Jason

    2017-09-01

    The Trump administration's domestic plans would have curtailed the nation's climate action even if it had stayed in the Paris Agreement. Yet, the decision to leave the agreement undermines US international energy and climate leadership and the prospects of ramping up global climate policy ambition.

  9. [Jacques Clarion (1776-1844), professor of l'Ecole de pharmacie de Paris].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Trépardoux, Francis

    2006-11-01

    Engaged in military campaigns from 1793 to 1797, he then studied medicine in Paris, as well as pharmacy, specialised in chemistry and botany. Supported by Deyeux and Corvisart, he was nominated as pharmacist of the emperor. From 1819 to 1844, he taught botany at the School of pharmacy of Paris. In 1823, the authority gave him a second chair for the medical botany at the Faculty of medicine, but after the 1830 revolution, he was dismissed. He mainly worked in taxonomy, contributing to several publications with Palisot and de Candolle for Graminaceae. He was a member of the academy of medicine.

  10. “Idea del siglo XVIII”: sobre la Ilustración en el Memorial Literario (1801

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Checa Beltrán, José

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Published in Memorial Literario in 1801, Idea del siglo XVIII is a text which has virtually gone unnoticed for most of the scholars of the 18th century, in spite of its great interest. It is one of the first glances cast by the newly welcomed 19th century at the former «Enlightenment century», according to the author’s denomination (presumably, Pedro Maria Olive. The objective of this work is to release this important and early Spanish text about the Enlightenment and study it as the mirror and the lamp of the discussions and controversies of the political, literary and cultural scene of Spain in 1801.Publicado en el Memorial Literario de 1801, la Idea del siglo XVIII es un texto que ha pasado prácticamente desapercibido para la generalidad de los dieciochistas, a pesar de su enorme interés. Constituye una de las primerísimas miradas que el recién inaugurado siglo XIX dirige sobre la centuria anterior, el «siglo ilustrado», como lo denomina el propio autor (presumiblemente Pedro María Olive. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer este importante y temprano texto español sobre la Ilustración y estudiarlo como espejo y lámpara de los debates y controversias del panorama político, literario y cultural de la España de 1801.

  11. La población con discapacidad en los censos del siglo XX en Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana Campos Vargas

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se logró conocer los criterios de clasificación empleados para definir a la población con discapacidad en los registros censales del siglo XX en Costa Rica y, por consiguiente, una aproximación a las formulaciones conceptuales para referirse al grupo en estudio. Además, se caracterizó a ese segmento poblacional a partir de diferentes variables: sexo, edad, estado civil y distribución geográfica. También se abordaron otros aspectos como fueron: alfabetismo, nivel de educación, ocupación, jefatura de hogar y vivienda. Entre los hallazgos más destacables se encuentra la permanencia, en los registros censales del siglo XX, de un concepto de discapacidad basado en la deficiencia, lo que definió los criterios de clasificación para esa población en esas fuentes. Asimismo se constató, por una parte, la asociación entre discapacidad e inequidad en esa centuria y, por la otra, la fragilidad de los vínculos de parentesco en ese grupo poblacional con respecto al conjunto de hogares de Costa Rica a fines de ese siglo. Las fuentes empleadas en esta investigación fueron los censos de población de Costa Rica del siglo XX. En el procedimiento con los datos, se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo de distribución de frecuencias.

  12. L’homme et la bête : chiens et politique dans Les Mohicans de Paris

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicolas Gauthier

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Cet article étudie comment le recours à l’animalisation dans Les Mohicans de Paris d’Alexandre Dumas est l’espace d’une véritable réflexion sur les rapports entre l’humain et l’animal. Ceci apparaît de façon nette dans la fictionnalisation du chien qui induit un brouillage des limites séparant humain et animal, brouillage qui a pour fonction de permettre l’articulation des personnages canins aux enjeux fondamentaux du roman. De façon plus précise, la mise en scène du « meilleur ami de l’homme » sert à redoubler le projet politique au cœur des Mohicans de Paris. This paper examines how, in Les Mohicans de Paris, Alexandre Dumas assigns animalistic features to some characters to question the relations between humans and animals while portraying the various dogs in the novel in a way which blurs the limits between humans and animals. These seemingly accessory canine characters are actually closely associated with the fundamental elements of the novel. More precisely, the way “man’s best friend” is put in fiction actually repeats the political project at the heart of Les Mohicans de Paris.

  13. EL CUERPO DEL DOMUS ENTRE DOS SIGLOS DESDE EL DISCURSO TECNO-PSICOLÓGICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Heidi Figueroa Sarriera

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available A través de la discusión de dos inventos que reúnen instancias del discurso tecnopsicológico del siglo XX, se dialoga sobre continuidades e inflexiones en la construcción del imaginario corporal en el ambiente domótico entre los siglos XX y XXI. Se argumenta que los aparatos tecnológicos son más que meras herramientas, pues participan activa- mente en la construcción de imaginarios epocales sobre el cuerpo y la subjetividad. Se concluye con el vínculo entre la producción de un imaginario de cuerpo transparente junto a una subjetividad de autorregulación.

  14. cuarto del siglo XX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Antonio Nieto Calmaestra

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Los últimos 25 años del siglo XX han supuesto un sustancial cambio en el modelo de crecimiento de la población andaluza. Así, mientras la caída de la fecundidad y la estabilización de las tasas de mortalidad han contribuido a un progresivo retroceso de la vitalidad natural, la masiva emigración de antaño ha dado paso al papel de Andalucía como incipiente foco de inmigración y al creciente protagonismo de movimientos internos de relocalización de la población. Desde el punto de vista territorial estas afirmaciones quedan matizadas por los notables contrastes que se producen entre los distintos ámbitos que conforman la región y que contraponen al medio rural con el urbano, al litoral con el interior o a las grandes ciudades con sus periferias.

  15. Une herboristerie ethnique à Paris

    OpenAIRE

    Hamaïdi , Maurad

    2012-01-01

    Place de la Chapelle à Paris, dans le 18e arrondissement. L'enseigne de ce magasin est peu explicite, mais la vitrine laisse deviner le type de produits vendus. L'information est un peu plus développée dans la langue arabe car il y est précisé que la vente concerne tous types d'encens, ainsi que des plantes arabes : il s'agit d'une herboristerie. Il est également écrit que le magasin exporte vers le Maroc : le mot en arabe est ambigu puisqu'il s'agit de "Maghreb", mais en général, utilisé seu...

  16. Vincenzo Neri and His Legacy in Paris and Bologna.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vanone, Federico; Lorusso, Lorenzo; Venturini, Simone

    2016-01-01

    Italian neurologist Vincenzo Neri was able to discover cinematography at the beginning of his career, when in 1908 he went to Paris to learn and improve his clinical background by following neurological cases at La Pitié with Joseph Babinski, who became his teacher and friend. While in Paris, Neri photographed and filmed several patients of famous neurologists, such as Babinski and Pierre Marie. His stills were published in several important French neurological journals and medical texts. He also collaborated with Georges Mendel, who helped Doyen film the first known surgical operation in the history of cinema. In 1910, when he came back to Bologna, he continued in his clinical activities and, for 50 years, slowly developed a huge archive of films, images, and prints of neurological, psychiatric, and orthopedic cases. This archive was extremely helpful to Neri, who especially needed to analyze neurological disorders and to differentiate them from functional conditions in order to understand clinical signs, rules, and mechanisms.

  17. Portuguese knights-errant in nineteenth-century Paris and Rio: translation as response to exile in global cities

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rita Bueno Maia

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available This article aims to uncover the role played by a series of picaresque novels translated into Portuguese and published in midnineteenth-century Paris in helping the Portuguese diaspora cope with the challenges of being a migrant in a global city. Through a contextual analysis, it will be argued that these novels were part of vaster cultural projects aimed at establishing solidarity networks among Portuguese exiles in Paris and, at the same time, at preserving multilingualism. By means of a textual analysis of Dom Severino Magriço ou o Dom Quichote portuguez (Paris, Pillet Fils Aîné, 1851, it will be suggested that this particular target text is committed to helping Portuguese migrants in Paris and in Rio de Janeiro. Furthermore, this novel illustrates ways of engaging with multiple Others, mainly through the reading and comparing of national literary canons.

  18. Paris Photo 2015 / Kristel Schwede, Annika Haas, Laura Põld, Piret Frey

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2015-01-01

    Rahvusvaheline fotomess "Paris Photo 2015" 12. kuni 15. novembrini Pariisi messihallis Grand Palais. Eestit esindasid messil oma loominguga Jaanus Samma, Sigrid Viir, Krista Mölder (Temnikova & Kasela galerii)

  19. Nuclear liability: Joint protocol relating to the application of the Vienna Convention and the Paris Convention, 1988

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1989-10-01

    The Joint Protocol Relating to the Application of the Vienna Convention and the Paris Convention was adopted by the Conference on the Relationship between the Paris Convention and the Vienna Convention, which met in Vienna, at the Headquarters of the International Atomic Energy Agency on 21 September 1988. The Joint Protocol establishes a link between the Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy of 1960 and the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage of 1963. The Joint Protocol will extend to the States adhering to it the coverage of the two Conventions. It will also resolve potential conflicts of law, which could result from the simultaneous application of the two Conventions to the same nuclear accident. The Conference on the Relationship between the Paris Convention and the Vienna Convention was jointly organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. This publication contains the text of the Final Act of the Conference in the six authentic languages, the Joint Protocol Relating to the Application of the Vienna Convention and the Paris Convention, also in the six authentic languages and an explanatory note, prepared by the IAEA and NEA Secretariats, providing background information on the content of the Joint Protocol

  20. XIV Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing

    CERN Document Server

    Christofides, Stelios; Pattichis, Constantinos

    2016-01-01

    This volume presents the proceedings of Medicon 2016, held in Paphos, Cyprus. Medicon 2016 is the XIV in the series of regional meetings of the International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE) in the Mediterranean. The goal of Medicon 2016 is to provide updated information on the state of the art on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing under the main theme “Systems Medicine for the Delivery of Better Healthcare Services”. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing cover complementary disciplines that hold great promise for the advancement of research and development in complex medical and biological systems. Research and development in these areas are impacting the science and technology by advancing fundamental concepts in translational medicine, by helping us understand human physiology and function at multiple levels, by improving tools and techniques for the detection, prevention and treatment of disease. Medicon 2016 provides a common platform for the cross fer...

  1. Mujeres esclavas en la Costa Rica del siglo XVIII: Estrategias frente a la esclavitud.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María de los Angeles Acuña León

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available La esclavitud formaba parte de la vida cotidiana en la Costa Rica del siglo XVIII. De ahí nuestro interés en visibilizar a la mujer esclava en dicha sociedad. Por tanto en este trabajo se indicará porqué razones y por cuales rutas llegaron estas mujeres a la provincia de Costa Rica y se analizaran los mecanismos de acción y negociación utilizados por estas mujeres esclavas para enfrentar y sobrevivir la maquinaria esclavista. Esto significa el examinar y analizar sus experiencias, sus respuestas y actitudes ante la esclavitud, en la Costa Rica del siglo XVIII.

  2. La industria en Barranquilla durante el siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Enrique Conde Calderón

    1991-01-01

    Full Text Available De la aldea insignificante a finales del siglo XVIII y comienzos del XIX, Barranquilla contrasta con su impresionante crecimiento y desarrollo portuario y comercial a partir de la segunda mitad de la centuria decimonónica. Ciudad criolla por excelencia y producto de la vida republicana , varias razones explican la preponderancia alcanzada en el contexto nacional en tan poco tiempo, revistiéndola de los mayores rasgos de peculiaridad frente a las otras ciudades colombianas.

  3. La Representación de la Mujer y los Ideales del Pensamiento Colombiano de Finales del Siglo XIX y Comienzos del Siglo XX: la Metáfora de la Falsa Inclusión

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Yamile Suárez Reina

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available A finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX el proceso de construcción de la nación colombiana transitó por dos cami- nos adversos: el Periodo Radical -de corte liberal- y el Periodo de la Regeneración -de tinte conservador-. A partir de este contexto histórico-social se analiza la representación que se hace de la mujer durante este cambio de siglo, con el ánimo de evidenciar que el imaginario de género que se construyó allí está marcado por la metáfora de la falsa inclusión, es decir, que cada periodo a través de la noción que configura del poder, incluye a la mujer para, paradójicamente, excluirla. A partir de dicha metáfora este texto termina con un breve acercamiento a la propuesta de Tomás Carrasquilla y su personaje de Bárbara Caballero en La Marquesa de Yolombó y cómo este muestra la diatriba a la que se enfrentaba la mujer: tradición vs. independencia.

  4. Herziening van de zedendelicten? : Een analyse van Titel XIV, Tweede Boek, Wetboek van Strafrecht met het oog op samenhang, complexiteit en normstelling

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Lindenberg, Kai; van Dijk, Alwin

    2015-01-01

    De zedendelicten zoals omschreven in Titel XIV, Boek 2 van het Wetboek van Strafrecht, zijn geen rustig bezit. Sinds 1886 – en met name de laatste vijfentwintig jaar – is veel aan de zedentitel gesleuteld en toegevoegd. Diverse malen is daarbij gesproken over algehele herziening, maar uiteindelijk

  5. Herziening van de zedendelicten? : Een analyse van Titel XIV, Tweede Boek, Wetboek van Strafrecht met het oog op samenhang, complexiteit en normstelling

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Lindenberg, Kai; van Dijk, Alwin

    2016-01-01

    De zedendelicten zoals omschreven in Titel XIV, Boek 2 van het Wetboek van Strafrecht, zijn geen rustig bezit. Sinds 1886 – en met name de laatste vijfentwintig jaar – is veel aan de zedentitel gesleuteld en toegevoegd. Diverse malen is daarbij gesproken over algehele herziening, maar uiteindelijk

  6. Paris Chamber of Commerce Examinations and ACTFL/ETS Proficiency Levels.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cummins, Patricia W.

    1987-01-01

    Compares the Paris Chamber of Commerce Exams (both certificate and diploma levels) and the ACTFL Guidelines for language proficiency for the benefit of language teachers. Teaching strategies are suggested for preparing students for the Chamber of Commerce exams. (LMO)

  7. Portuguese knights-errant in nineteenth-century Paris and Rio: translation as response to exile in global cities

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rita Bueno Maia

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2017v37n1p159 This article aims to uncover the role played by a series of picaresque novels translated into Portuguese and published in midnineteenth-century Paris in helping the Portuguese diaspora cope with the challenges of being a migrant in a global city. Through a contextual analysis, it will be argued that these novels were part of vaster cultural projects aimed at establishing solidarity networks among Portuguese exiles in Paris and, at the same time, at preserving multilingualism. By means of a textual analysis of Dom Severino Magriço ou o Dom Quichote portuguez (Paris, Pillet Fils Aîné, 1851, it will be suggested that this particular target text is committed to helping Portuguese migrants in Paris and in Rio de Janeiro. Furthermore, this novel illustrates ways of engaging with multiple Others, mainly through the reading and comparing of national literary canons.

  8. [From traditional to modern hospital--from Paris to Berlin].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Murken, Axel Hinrich

    Discussions about the modernisation and reform of the Hôtel Dieu in Paris concerning the catastrophic fire of 1772 there were followed very closely in Prussia and other German countries, though for a long time this had only slight consequences for modernising developments in the hospitals of Berlin or other administrative capitals of Germany. In contrast to this, the Hôpital Lariboisière was praised as a model example in Germany soon after its completion in 1854 after the pre-revolutionary Parisian plans, was imitated in Berlin twenty years later. It must be added that in Prussia great importance was attached to stricter requirements for hygiene and ventilation than in Paris. This was clearly demonstrated barely in the construction of the pavilionhospital in Berlin-Friedrichshain (1868-1874) with an extremely decentralized layout. It was not until two generations later with the completion of the municipal hospital Westend in Charlottenburg (1904-1907), a suburb of Berlin, that a slightly modified "Lariboisière" in the Wilheminian brick Baroque style was built. Similarily the acceptance of high-rise construction was, compared with Paris, considerably delayed on the German hospital scene. Whereas in the USA and France plans had been made for high-rise hospitals from the 1920s on and realized by 1935, as with the Hôpital Beaujon in Paris (1932-1935), there were fundamental reservations about them in Germany. As a result, this conception of the structure, with an effective concentration of inpatient care in towers together with separate low-rise buildings for functions such as treatment and diagnosis, only gradually gained acceptance in Germany at the end of the 1960s. On the other hand, German architects such as Hermann Distel (1875-1946) or Ernst Kopp (1890-1962), had already, indeed before the Second World War, promoted the high-rise type for inpatient care on theoretical grounds. In addition, two hospitals providing medical care within in Berlin, Martin

  9. Le règne de Louis XIV, ou la rupture définitive entre la société française et la monarchie

    OpenAIRE

    Bouveresse, Jacques

    2018-01-01

    Le règne de Louis XIV, comme Janus, présente deux faces. La première de ces faces qui correspond au vingt-cinq premières années du règne est brillante et lumineuse. Tout s’ordonne autour du roi dans un bel ordonnancement classique. Louis XIV est le maître de la guerre et de la paix. Il est entouré d’une cour brillante où il n’y a pas que des courtisans mais aussi beaucoup d’hommes capables et compétents. À partir des années 1680 – et à cet égard la révocation de l’Édit de Nantes en 1685 est u...

  10. Public space invasion in the late medieval Gerona

    OpenAIRE

    Gerez i Alum, Pau

    2007-01-01

    En el siglo XIV Gerona se va a dotar, sobre todo mediante concesiones reales, de un sistema jurídico que le permita crecer urbanísticamente con un cierto orden. Esta necesidad se ve justificada en parte por las actuaciones de los propietarios privados sobre terrenos de uso público e incluso por conflictos de intereses entre diferentes grupos de poder (clero o jurisdicciones señoriales). Con frecuencia la documentación de la época muestra que las distintas respuestas municipales en este sentid...

  11. Tradycje śląskiej kultury muzycznej. XIV Miȩdzynarodowa 299 Konferencja, Wrocław 2.–4. 3. 2016

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Gabrielová, Jarmila

    2016-01-01

    Roč. 53, 2/3 (2016), s. 300-301 ISSN 0018-7003. [Tradycje śląskiej kultury muzycznej. XIV Miȩdzynarodowa Konferencja. Wrocław, 02.03.2016-04.03.2016] Institutional support: RVO:68378076 Keywords : music ological conference * Silesia * history of music Subject RIV: AL - Art, Architecture, Cultural Heritage

  12. The impact of the US retreat from the Paris Agreement

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Pickering, Jonathan; McGee, Jeffrey S.; Stephens, Tim; Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, Sylvia I.

    2017-01-01

    The United States’ decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement (pending possible re-engagement under different terms) may have significant ramifications for international climate policy, but the implications of this decision remain contested. This commentary illustrates how comparative analysis

  13. From Paris to the End of Oil

    OpenAIRE

    Claes, Dag Harald; Hveem, Helge

    2016-01-01

    "This article discusses the possibilities and obstacles for a cost-effective implementation of policies that will lead to a significant reduction in global CO2 emissions from the use of oil. The structural conditions and economic consequences of changing national or regional energy systems vary dramatically. In addition, there are a large number of actors with strong interests along the energy value chain that may potentially halt, delay or alter the implementation of the Paris treaty. We ana...

  14. L'OREAL PARIS zīmola veidošanas stratēģija

    OpenAIRE

    Smirnova, Margarita

    2012-01-01

    Bakalaura darba tēma ir „L’oreal Paris zīmola veidošanas stratēģija”. Darba mērķis ir izpētīt L’oreal Paris, izvērtējot zīmola stiprās un vājās puses, pieeju attiecīgā zīmola pozicionēšanai pasaules mērogā un noskaidrot, kāda ir attiecīgā zīmola ietekme uz patērētājiem Latvijas tirgū, salīdzinājumā ar konkurentu pārstāvētajiem zīmoliem, kā arī izstrādāt priekšlikumus par to, ar kādām aktivitātēm varētu uzlabot zīmola L’oreal Paris tēlu, palielinot patērētāju apmierinātību par zīmola pārstā...

  15. Antecedentes históricos del arte de nadar en España (siglo XVI-1807)

    OpenAIRE

    Torrebadella i Flix, Xavier

    2015-01-01

    A partir de las primeros tratados que durante el siglo XVI recuperan en Europa la natación como ejercicio higiénico y gimnástico, en el caso concreto de España, revisamos las diferentes aportaciones bibliográficas y las noticias aparecidas en la prensa que se ocuparon del “arte de nadar” hasta principios del siglo XIX. Con ello se pretende colaborar, a través de las fuentes documentales primarias, a (re)construir los primeros pasos y antecedentes de la natación en España. De la inspección y h...

  16. The amino acid and hydrocarbon contents of the Paris meteorite: Insights into the most primitive CM chondrite

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martins, Zita; Modica, Paola; Zanda, Brigitte; D'Hendecourt, Louis Le Sergeant

    2015-05-01

    The Paris meteorite is one of the most primitive carbonaceous chondrites. It is reported to be the least aqueously altered CM chondrite, and to have experienced only weak thermal metamorphism. We have analyzed for the first time the amino acid and hydrocarbon contents of this pristine meteorite by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). When plotting the relative amino acids abundances of several CM chondrites according to the increasing hydrothermal scale (petrologic subtypes), from the CM2.7/2.8 Paris to the CM2.0 MET 01070, Paris has the lowest relative abundance of β-alanine/glycine (0.15), which fits with the relative abundances of β-alanine/glycine increasing with increasing aqueous alteration for CM chondrites. These results confirm the influence of aqueous alteration on the amino acid abundances and distribution. The amino acid analysis shows that the isovaline detected in this meteorite is racemic (D/L = 0.99 ± 0.08; L-enantiomer excess = 0.35 ± 0.5%; corrected D/L = 1.03; corrected L-enantiomer excess = -1.4 ± 2.6%). The identified hydrocarbons show that Paris has n-alkanes ranging from C16 to C25 and 3- to 5-ring nonalkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The lack of alkylated PAHs in Paris seems to be also related to this low degree of aqueous alteration on its parent body. The extraterrestrial hydrocarbon content, suggested by the absence of any biomarker, may well have a presolar origin. The chemistry of the Paris meteorite may thus be closely related to the early stages of the solar nebula with a contribution from interstellar (molecular cloud) precursors.

  17. Book Reviews

    OpenAIRE

    Redactie KITLV

    2001-01-01

    -Virginia R. Dominguez, Louis A. Pérez, Jr., On becoming Cuban: Identity, nationality, and culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. xiv + 579 pp. -Solimar Otero, Kali Argyriadis, La religión à la Havane: Actualités des représentations et des pratiques culturelles havanaises. Paris: Éditions des Archives Contemporaines,1999. 373 pp. -Jane Desmond, Jane Blocker, Where is Ana Mendieta?: Identity, performativity, and exile. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 1999. xvi + 166 ...

  18. Acts of terrorism in Paris and Brussels: common and different

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O. S. Vonsovych

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available The article investigates the common and distinctive features of the terrorist attacks in Paris and Brussels in 2015 and 2016. The attacks have confirmed the weakness of European security system in the context of the protection of its citizens from the threat № 1 in the world. The high level of democracy and liberalism are not allowed to use power instruments effectively in the fight against terrorism, which was the result of the fact that the terrorists were able to freely access to the place of their acts and to implement them. It was determined that the common features are the following: in Paris and in Brussels, the attacks were carried out by terrorist militaristic group «The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant» (ISIL; the places of commission of terrorist acts; guns of terrorists; military units of France and Belgium are parties of the armed conflict in Syria on the side of the Syrian opposition and struggle against ISIL; there were a few terrorist attacks. It is proved that the differences are as follows: in Paris, in addition to explosives, packed with nails, also were used automatic weapons and grenades, but only explosives in Brussels; France is more active in the fight against terrorism in the international arena and in every way opposed to violence against humanity, so there is a terrorist attack can be seen as a blow to the democratic and humanitarian values; Belgium is a «political heart» of the European Union that’s why the terrorist attack on it can be seen as a blow to the political system of the EU; in Paris, the attack was supposed to apply except for the population and for high officials in the name of F. Hollande and F. Steinmeier, and in Brussels – only civilians.conducting effective public diplomacy by means of virtual diplomacy. In the context of the establishment of the global information society the key target groups must be: Diasporas, foreign media (including bloggers, investors, influential foreign

  19. Sources and geographical origins of fine aerosols in Paris (France)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bressi, M.; Nicolas, J.B.; Sciare, J.; Feron, A.; Nonnaire, N.; Petit, J.E.

    2014-01-01

    The present study aims at identifying and apportioning fine aerosols to their major sources in Paris (France) - the second most populated - larger urban zone - in Europe - and determining their geographical origins. It is based on the daily chemical composition of PM2.5 examined over 1 year at an urban background site of Paris (Bressi et al., 2013). Positive matrix factorization (EPA PMF3.0) was used to identify and apportion fine aerosols to their sources; bootstrapping was performed to determine the adequate number of PMF factors, and statistics (root mean square error, coefficient of determination, etc.) were examined to better model PM2.5 mass and chemical components. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) and conditional probability function (CPF) allowed the geographical origins of the sources to be assessed; special attention was paid to implement suitable weighting functions. Seven factors, namely ammonium sulfate (A.S.)-rich factor, ammonium nitrate (A.N.)-rich factor, heavy oil combustion, road traffic, biomass burning, marine aerosols and metal industry, were identified; a detailed discussion of their chemical characteristics is reported. They contribute 27, 24, 17, 14, 12, 6 and 1% of PM2.5 mass (14.7 μgm -3 ) respectively on the annual average; their seasonal variability is discussed. The A.S.- and A.N.-rich factors have undergone mid- or long-range transport from continental Europe; heavy oil combustion mainly stems from northern France and the English Channel, whereas road traffic and biomass burning are primarily locally emitted. Therefore, on average more than half of PM2.5 mass measured in the city of Paris is due to mid- or long-range transport of secondary aerosols stemming from continental Europe, whereas local sources only contribute a quarter of the annual averaged mass. These results imply that fine-aerosol abatement policies conducted at the local scale may not be sufficient to notably reduce PM2.5 levels at urban background sites

  20. Creating to understand – developmental biology meets engineering in Paris

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Kicheva, Anna; Rivron, Nicolas C.

    2017-01-01

    In November 2016, developmental biologists, synthetic biologists and engineers gathered in Paris for a meeting called ‘Engineering the embryo’. The participants shared an interest in exploring how synthetic systems can reveal new principles of embryonic development, and how the in vitro manipulation

  1. Artificial radioactive products in the atmosphere at Paris. [In French

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Abribat, M; Pouradier, J; Venet, A M

    1952-01-01

    The radioactivity of solid matter in rain water and air collected near Paris in November 1951, and in April and May 1952, follows the same decay law as that observed for fission products after a nuclear detonation in Nevada in November 1951.

  2. [Louis XIV's Ginseng: Shaping of Knowledge on an Herbal Medicine in the Late 17th and the Early 18th Century France].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Hye-Min

    2016-04-01

    This article aims to investigate the shaping of knowledge and discourse on ginseng, especially among physicians and botanists, since its introduction to France from the 17th century until the early 18th century. In France, knowledge on herbal medicine, including that of ginseng, was shaped under the influence of the modern state's policy and institution: mercantilism and the Académie royale des sciences. The knowledge of herbal medicine developed as an important part of the mercantilist policy supported systematically by the Académie. The East Asian ginseng, renowned as a panacea, was first introduced into France in the 17th century, initially in a roundabout way through transportation and English and Dutch publications of travel tales from various foreign countries. The publication activity was mainly conducted by Thévenot company with the intention to meet the needs of French mercantilism promoted by Colbert. It also implied interests on medicine in order to bolster the people's health. The Thévenot company's activity thus offered vital information on plants and herbs abroad, one of which was ginseng. Furthermore, with Louis XIV's dispatching of the Jesuit missionaries to East Asia, the Frenchmen were able to directly gather information on ginseng. These information became a basis for research of the Académie. In the Académie, founded in 1666 by Colbert, the king's physicians and botanists systematically and collectively studied on exotic plants and medical herbs including ginseng. They were also key figures of the Jardin du Roi. These institutions bore a striking contrast to the faculty of medicine at the University of Paris which has been a center of the traditional Galenic medicine. The research of the Académie on ginseng was greatly advanced, owing much to the reports and samples sent from China and Canada by Jartoux, Sarrazin, and Lapitau. From the early 18th century, the conservative attitude of the University of Paris, which was a stronghold of

  3. Reformismo cristiano y tolerancia en España a finales del siglo XVIII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Domínguez Fernández, Juan Pablo

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available The expansion of the ideal of religious tolerance in 18th century Europe was not the exclusive work of deists or atheists. Many Christians then argued that intolerance was contrary to the Gospel and the spirit of the early centuries of the Church. The censorship of the Inquisition and the absence of religious minorities prevented the discussions on tolerance taking place in countries such as France or Austria from occurring south of the Pyrenees. Even so, Christian arguments in favour of religious freedom appeared, albeit stealthily, in 18th century Spain and were reflected in the texts of some Spanish reformers.La expansión del ideal de tolerancia religiosa en la Europa del siglo XVIII no fue obra exclusiva de deístas o ateos. Muchos cristianos defendieron por entonces que la intolerancia era contraria al Evangelio y al espíritu de los primeros siglos de la Iglesia. La labor censoria de la Inquisición y la ausencia de minorías religiosas impidieron que los debates sobre la tolerancia desarrollados en países como Francia o Austria se reprodujeran al sur de los Pirineos. Aun así, los argumentos cristianos en favor de la libertad religiosa entraron, aunque fuese a hurtadillas, en la España del siglo XVIII y se reflejaron en los textos de algunos reformistas españoles.

  4. La sala doméstica en Santafé de Bogotá, siglo XIX el decorado de la sala romántica: gusto europeo y esnobismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Lara Betacourt

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available Siguiendo las tendencias europeas, los muebles, objetos, adornos y disposición de la sala doméstica de la élite social en Santafé de Bogotá cambiaron de modo constante desde fines del siglo XVIII ya todo lo largo del siglo XIX. El cambio fue tan continuo que cada generación se pronunció acerca de aquellas cosas y costumbres que le precedieron considerándolas parte de un mundo desaparecido. El moblaje de la sala se transformó desde el abandono del estrado a fines del siglo XVIII hasta el establecimiento del salón burgués en las últimas décadas del siglo XIX. En el presente artículo abordaremos una etapa intermedia, la sala que hemos llamado romántica y que se configuró a partir de mediados del siglo XIX.

  5. Environmental magnetism and magnetic mapping of urban metallic pollution (Paris, France)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Isambert, Aude; Franke, Christine; Macouin, Mélina; Rousse, Sonia; Philip, Aurélio; de Villeneuve, Sybille Henry

    2017-04-01

    Airborne pollution in dense urban areas is nowadays a subject of major concern. Fine particulate pollution events are ever more frequent and represent not only an environmental and health but also a real economic issue. In urban atmosphere, the so-called PM2.5 (particulate matter pollution and determine their sources (Sagnotti et al., 2012). In this study, we report on magnetic measurements of traffic-related airborne PM in the city of Paris, France. Two distinct environments were sampled and analyzed along the Seine River: the aquatic environment in studying fluvial bank and river bed sediments and the atmospheric environment by regarding magnetic particles trapped in adjacent tree barks (Platanus hispanica). About 50 sediment samples and 350 bark samples have been collected and analysed to determine their magnetic properties (susceptibility, hysteresis parameters, IRM, frequency-dependent susceptibility) and to estimate the presence and spatial concentration of superparamagnetic or multi-domain particles for each sample type. The bark results allow proposing a high spatial resolution mapping (pollution. In addition to that, the sampling of banks and riverbed sediments of the Seine allow a global estimation on the anthropogenic versus detrital and biologic input in the city of Paris. The first results presented here show a general increase of the concentration in magnetic particles from upstream to downstream Paris probably linked to urban pollutions as previously observed for suspended particulate matter (Franke et al. 2009; Kayvantash, 2016). Sagnotti, L., & Winkler, A. (2012). On the magnetic characterization and quantification of the superparamagnetic fraction of traffic-related urban airborne PM in Rome, Italy. Atmospheric environment, 59, 131-140. Franke, C., Kissel, C., Robin, E., Bonté, P., & Lagroix, F. (2009). Magnetic particle characterization in the Seine river system: Implications for the determination of natural versus anthropogenic input

  6. Postcard from Paris

    CERN Multimedia

    2010-01-01

    Earlier this week I was in Paris to join particle physicists from around the world at the International Conference on High-Energy Physics, ICHEP 2010. This conference series began in 1950 as the ‘Rochester series’, named for the original venue in the US, and its meetings rapidly became the place to present the latest results and discoveries.   Particle physics has certainly come a long way since those early days. In 60 years, the meetings have witnessed the birth and growth of CERN, the development of the current Standard Model of particles and their interactions - and now the first results from a truly international project, the LHC. I’d had the opportunity to be present at some of the previous meetings where important discoveries were announced, but this was the first time I had the privilege to attend as the Director-General of the laboratory that was the focus of much of the attention. It is clear from many of the people with whom I talked that the high quality ...

  7. Teorias Métricas del Siglo de Oro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Spina

    1952-03-01

    Full Text Available ECHARRI (Emiliano Diez. — Teorias Métricas del Siglo de Oro (Apuntes  para la historia del verso espafiol. Prêmio "Menéndez y Pelayo" de 1948.  Madrí. 1949. 355 páginas. 4 apêndices. (Primeiro Parágrafo do Artigo Licenciado em 1944 em Filologia Clássica pela Faculdade de Filosofia e Letras de Madri, cedo alcançou Echarri o magistério superior como catedrático de Gramática Geral e Crítica Literária na Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Oviedo.

  8. Globalizacion, seguridad y crisis. El papel de las fuerzas armadas en el siglo XXI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Federico Aznar Fernández-Montesinos

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available El siglo XXI es el siglo de la interconexión y la complejidad. Todo se encuentra interrelacionado, lo que ha obligado a incluir la Defensa en el marco de la Seguridad con el propósito de dar respuestas a los retos que plantea y que ya no son solo militares sino de toda índole, incluidas crisis y catástrofes. Las fuerzas Armadas pueden contribuir con gran eficacia a la hora de atender tales retos. La tendencia no es ya al conflicto entre naciones, sino a la defensa de la Seguridad Nacional e Internacional, lo que genera un enorme cambio en los medios, preparación y doctrina.

  9. Discrimination of Wild Paris Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy and High Performance Liquid Chromatography Combined with Multivariate Analysis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Yanli; Zhang, Ji; Yuan, Tianjun; Shen, Tao; Li, Wei; Yang, Shihua; Hou, Ying; Wang, Yuanzhong; Jin, Hang

    2014-01-01

    Different geographical origins and species of Paris obtained from southwestern China were discriminated by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with multivariate analysis. The NIR parameter settings were scanning (64 times), resolution (4 cm−1), scanning range (10000 cm−1∼4000 cm−1) and parallel collection (3 times). NIR spectrum was optimized by TQ 8.6 software, and the ranges 7455∼6852 cm−1 and 5973∼4007 cm−1 were selected according to the spectrum standard deviation. The contents of polyphyllin I, polyphyllin II, polyphyllin VI, and polyphyllin VII and total steroid saponins were detected by HPLC. The contents of chemical components data matrix and spectrum data matrix were integrated and analyzed by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). From the PLS-DA model of NIR spectrum, Paris samples were separated into three groups according to the different geographical origins. The R2X and Q2Y described accumulative contribution rates were 99.50% and 94.03% of the total variance, respectively. The PLS-DA model according to 12 species of Paris described 99.62% of the variation in X and predicted 95.23% in Y. The results of the contents of chemical components described differences among collections quantitatively. A multivariate statistical model of PLS-DA showed geographical origins of Paris had a much greater influence on Paris compared with species. NIR and HPLC combined with multivariate analysis could discriminate different geographical origins and different species. The quality of Paris showed regional dependence. PMID:24558477

  10. Retracted: Effect of Paris polyphylla extract on seconddegree burns ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    2018-01-26

    Jan 26, 2018 ... This article previously published in Volume 15 Issue 10 of this journal in October 2016 has been retracted in line with the guidelines from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE, http://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines). Retracted: Ma Z, Yin W, Hu G, Zhu Z, Huang Z. Effect of Paris polyphylla ...

  11. The Frontier Speaks Back: Two Australian Artists Working in Paris and London

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catherine Margaret Speck

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Australian artists living and working in Paris and London in the Belle Époque and modern eras had a deep engagement with cosmopolitanism in cities that were at the frontiers of international modernism. They experienced the liberation of putting aside issues of nation, and of working in large, alienating but culturally challenging multi-nation environs in the pre and post war years. This paper will explore how two women artists, Hilda Rix in Paris, a hub of internationalism; and Nora Heysen in London, a city ill-described in the Empire language of ‘home’ for Australians, connected with and articulated cosmopolitan culture. Expatriatism facilitated an offshore variant of Australian modernism.

  12. Documentos para la historio social de Popayán en el Siglo XVIII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peter Marzalh

    1970-01-01

    Full Text Available Documentos para la Historia Social de Papayán en el siglo XVIII. Varios/ Archivo Central del Central del Cauca. Fondo: Protocolos Notariales. Años 1616, 1620, 1621, 1629, 1634. Transcripción de Peter Marzahl// En: Anuario No. 5 (1970; p. 143-188. Serie de documentos, testamentos, contratos, etc., en donde se dan datos importantes para reconstruir aspectos de la economía y sociedad del Cauca del siglo XVIII, tales como: número de vecinos, encomenderos, mano de obra indígena y esclava; importancia de la minería como motor económico de la región; relaciones entre encomienda y control de mano de obra; el desarrollo de una economía mercantil con surgimiento de compañías para tal actividad.

  13. Educación superior de calidad para el siglo XXI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexander Vega Miranda

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar de modo explícito la serie de opciones ideológicas y pedagógicas que, dentro del contexto costarricense, deben ser tenidas en cuenta por la persona encargada de tomar las decisiones, cuando intente mejorar la calidad de la educación para enfrentar los retos del siglo XXI

  14. Hydrocarbon pollution fixed to combined sewer sediment: a case study in Paris.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rocher, Vincent; Garnaud, Stéphane; Moilleron, Régis; Chebbo, Ghassan

    2004-02-01

    Over a period of two years (2000-2001), sediment samples were extracted from 40 silt traps (STs) spread through the combined sewer system of Paris. All sediment samples were analysed for physico-chemical parameters (pH, organic matter content, grain size distribution), with total hydrocarbons (THs) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) selected from the priority list of the US-EPA. The two main objectives of the study were (1) to determine the hydrocarbon contamination levels in the sediments of the Paris combined sewer system and (2) to investigate the PAH fingerprints in order to assess their spatial variability and to elucidate the PAH origins. The results show that there is some important inter-site and intra-site variations in hydrocarbon contents. Despite this variability, TH and PAH contamination levels (50th percentile) in the Parisian sewer sediment are estimated at 530 and 18 microg g(-1), respectively. The investigation of the aromatic compound distributions in all of the 40 STs has underlined that there is, at the Paris sewer system scale, a homogeneous PAH background pollution. Moreover, the study of the PAH fingerprints, using specific ratios, suggests the predominance of a pyrolytic origin for those PAHs fixed to the sewer sediment.

  15. Nueva faceta del capitalismo del siglo XXI en América Latina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samuel Lichtensztejn

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Desde fin del siglo XX el sistema económico, político y social a nivel global ha entrado en un proceso de cambios, que en varios países de América Latina, parecía podría haber sido de oportunidades en varios ámbitos, sin embargo no han tenido los beneficios esperados. Si bien varios gobiernos de la región emergieron con un discurso nacional y popular con aspiraciones de crecimiento económico con distribución de la riqueza, aspiración democrática y bienestar social, poco a poco se fue desvaneciendo en gran medida por una serie de políticas públicas en el ámbito económico, político y social. Lo que está caracterizando el capitalismo del siglo XXI en América Latina.

  16. [Defusing of victims of the terrorist attacks in Paris. Elements of assessment one-month post-event].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Prieto, N; Cheucle, E; Faure, P; Digard, F; Dalphin, C; Pachiaudi, V; Simond, M; Darbon, R; Collinet, C; Habibi, R; Gueugniaud, P-Y

    2018-04-01

    The terrorist attacks (fusillades and suicide attacks) in Paris on 13 November 2015 have had a major psychic impact on all individuals directly or secondarily exposed to them. Medico-psychological unit (CUMP) of the Paris Île-de-France region's immediate care services were immediately mobilized and rapidly strengthened by all regional medico-psychological units (CUMP) throughout the country. Psychological assistance has been provided in several key points of Paris and specifically in the 11th district City Hall of Paris where Lyon's Medico-psychological unit was located. These specific immediate psychological assistances, referred to as a "defusing process" by the medico-psychological unit (CUMP), are mostly devoted to provide the victims with an entry point to a psychological healthcare relationship and give them a first sense of soothing and relief even though they do not prevent further psychological care follow up for the victims. Nonetheless, the potential therapeutic effect of this "defusing process" has not yet been sufficiently established nor demonstrated by any scientific study. A phoning survey was carried out one-month post-terrorist attacks and interviewed the 129 victims who benefited from the "defusing process" conducted by Lyon's medico-psychological unit (CUMP) in order to collect data and assess its effects. These people, whether directly exposed, bereaved relatives or witnesses, whose average age is 35, are mostly living in the Île-de-France region. Most of them present a high score on the IES-R scale, whether they were directly exposed, bereaved relatives or witnesses. Almost all of them (96.5%) experienced at least one medical care contact within this one-month post-trauma period with psychotropic medication for 37% of them. Regarding the defusing conducted by Lyon's medico-psychological unit (CUMP) in the 11th district City Hall of Paris, it appears that 93% of the victims who were looked after indicated that they were satisfied and 87.4% of

  17. Un infierno catalán. Apuntes para una bibliografía de publicaciones eróticas catalanas clandestinas (siglo XIX - primer tercio del siglo XX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean-Louis Guereña

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo colecciona un buen número de las publicaciones catalanas de tema erótico que vieron la luz clancestinamente durante el siglo XIX y principios del XX. This article collects a good number of Catalan publications with a erotic topic that came out clandestinely during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

  18. Physics buzz in Paris

    CERN Multimedia

    Katie Yurkewicz

    2010-01-01

    The International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP) took place from 22 to 28 July in Paris, and first results from the Large Hadron Collider experiments received top billing.   More than 1,100 physicists gathered in the Palais des Congrès conference centre to attend ICHEP, the world’s premier particle physics conference, where scientists presented and discussed the latest and most intriguing results from experiments in particle physics, particle astrophysics and cosmology, innovative theoretical approaches and predictions, and concepts for future accelerators and particle detectors. The buzz about the LHC experiments caught the eye of French President Nicolas Sarkozy, who addressed the conference on Monday 26 July. President Sarkozy exhorted the particle physics community to continue its quest to understand the nature of the Universe, and stated his belief that investment in fundamental research is critical for the progress of mankind. Steve Myers started off the mo...

  19. La itinerancia de la corte de Castilla durante la primera mitad del siglo XV

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco de Paula CAÑAS GÁLVEZ

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo intentará explicar las diferentes causas que hicieron del centro de la meseta el núcleo político y burocrático de la Corona de Castilla y León a finales de la Edad Media. Aquel espacio geográfico, comprendido en sus líneas generales entre Burgos y Toledo, concentró, efectivamente, una parte muy significativa de la actividad política e institucional de la Monarquía en un periodo de especial relevancia en la formación del Estado Moderno en tierras castellanas. Este largo proceso, si bien pergeñado durante los siglos XIII y primera mitad del XIV, únicamente se consolidaría tras la llegada al trono castellano de la nueva dinastía Trastámara, en especial durante los reinados de Enrique III y Juan II, alcanzando su madurez plena en tiempos de los Habsburgo con el asentamiento de la hasta entonces corte itinerante, y de buena parte de su aparato burocrático, en Madrid.Ce travail vise à expliquer les différentes causes qui ont fait du centre de la Meseta le noyau politique et administratif de la couronne de Castille et León. Cet espace géographique, compris grosso modo entre Burgos et Tolède a  effectivement concentré une part importante de la vie politique et institutionnelle de la monarchie à une période cruciale pour la formation de l’État moderne en terre castillane. Ce vaste processus, esquissé au cours du XIIIe siècle et de la première moitié du XIVe siècle, ne s’est consolidé qu’avec l’avènement de la nouvelle dynastie Trastamare, en particulier pendant les règnes d’Henri III et de Jean II, pour atteindre sa pleine maturité au temps des Habsbourg, avec la sédentarisation à Madrid de la cour jusque-là itinérante et d’une  bonne partie de l’appareil bureaucratique.

  20. Historia y leyendas de la seda China : la ruta de la seda

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Esteban Llagostera Cuenca

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available En la legendaria China, el cultivo del gusano de seda y la industria de la seda, así como las rutas comerciales con los países occidentales, se estableció desde el año 2460 a.C. hasta el siglo XIV, según una leyenda china. Su cultivo, fue uno de los secretos mejor guardados en la Historia (su divulgación se castigaba con la pena de muerte. La Ruta de la Seda, desde China hasta la costa de Siria, representó un gran itinerario comercial, así como un importante intercambio cultural.In legendary China, the grow of silkworm and the silk industry, as well as the trading route with western countries, was established from 2460 B.C. to XIV century, according to a Chinese legend. It was one of the best kept secrets in History (punished with death. The Silk Road from China to the coast of Syria, meant an important cultural exchange and a great commercial route.

  1. El estupro. Sexualidad delictiva en la Baja Edad Media y primera Edad Moderna

    OpenAIRE

    Bazán Díaz, Iñaki

    2003-01-01

    [ES]Análisis del delito de estupro en los siglos XIV y XVII en los reinos de Castilla y de Navarra a través de la legislación y las fuentes judiciales. [EN]Analysis the crime of rape in the fourteenth and seventeenth in the kingdoms of Castile and Navarre through legislation and judicial sources. [FR]Analyse du crime de stupre au cours des quatorzième et dix-septième siècles dans les royaumes de Castille et de Navarre par les sources législatives et judiciaires.

  2. Introducción a la danza hindú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edgardo Salazar Santacoloma

    1967-09-01

    Full Text Available El estilo Kathak nació en la India del Norte por transculturación coreográfica, gracias a la dinastía Moghul cuyo lapso histórico comienza en el siglo XIV y termina en el XVII. No tiene contexto religioso. Los pasos y encadenamientos del estilo Kathak fueron codificados por el Maharaja Binda Din. Dos formas: la recia danza ''tanda va" y la expresiva ''lasya" que se valen de un repertorio facial y manual singularmente verista. Hay Kathak clásico y Kathak popular.

  3. Un canto en movimiento: No nos moverán" en Estados Unidos, España y Chile en los siglos XIX y XX

    OpenAIRE

    Spener, David

    2015-01-01

    En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un estudio que examina la historia de la canción " No nos moverán" y su canto en diversos contextos culturales y sociopolíticos durante el transcurso de dos siglos. Esta canción tiene su origen en las prácticas religiosas de los esclavos africanos en Estados Unidos del siglo XIX. En el siglo XX fue adoptada como himno por los movimientos sindicales y de derechos civiles estadounidenses. Posteriormente llegó a España, donde cumplió un papel en la ...

  4. Understanding the origin of Paris Agreement emission uncertainties

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rogelj, Joeri; Fricko, Oliver; Meinshausen, Malte; Krey, Volker; Zilliacus, Johanna J. J.; Riahi, Keywan

    2017-06-01

    The UN Paris Agreement puts in place a legally binding mechanism to increase mitigation action over time. Countries put forward pledges called nationally determined contributions (NDC) whose impact is assessed in global stocktaking exercises. Subsequently, actions can then be strengthened in light of the Paris climate objective: limiting global mean temperature increase to well below 2 °C and pursuing efforts to limit it further to 1.5 °C. However, pledged actions are currently described ambiguously and this complicates the global stocktaking exercise. Here, we systematically explore possible interpretations of NDC assumptions, and show that this results in estimated emissions for 2030 ranging from 47 to 63 GtCO2e yr-1. We show that this uncertainty has critical implications for the feasibility and cost to limit warming well below 2 °C and further to 1.5 °C. Countries are currently working towards clarifying the modalities of future NDCs. We identify salient avenues to reduce the overall uncertainty by about 10 percentage points through simple, technical clarifications regarding energy accounting rules. Remaining uncertainties depend to a large extent on politically valid choices about how NDCs are expressed, and therefore raise the importance of a thorough and robust process that keeps track of where emissions are heading over time.

  5. 172 rue de Vanves, Paris XIV / Leila Anupõld, Jüri Hain

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Anupõld, Leila

    1998-01-01

    Kujutava Kunsti Sihtkapitali Valitsuse (KKSKV) poolt alates 1925. a. teisest poolest kunstnikele antud välismaa stipendiumidest. Stipendiaatide (Wiiralt jt.) raskest elust Pariisis. Eesti Vabariigi Prantsusmaa saatkonna abist kunstnike stipendiaatide töö korraldamisel. Sihtkapitali ateljeest, mida 1929-30. aastail lühiajaliselt kasutasid Albert Kesner ja Eduard Wiiralt

  6. Representaciones de la mujer española en el imaginario francés del siglo XVIII.

    OpenAIRE

    Tamarit Vallés, Inmaculada

    2003-01-01

    RESUMEN El prototipo de la mujer española reflejado de manera recurrente en la novela francesa, especialmente a partir del siglo XIX, es el de una mujer morena y sensual de pasiones desmesuradas. Sus ascendentes habría que buscarlos en el tipo dieciochesco que creemos se nutre en gran medida de las aportaciones de la literatura de viajes. Este es un género literario que experimentó gran auge en el siglo XVIII y que por tanto gozó de una gran aceptación entre el público lector francés de la...

  7. Contextos cerámicos de los siglos V-VII en Cartagena

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramallo Asensio, Sebastián F.

    1996-12-01

    Full Text Available The excavations realized in the Roman theatre of Cartagena have documented a wide stratigraphie sequence with covers levels from IInd century B.C. to today. The material contexts of Vth to VIIth B.C. are specially interesting because they were associated with considerable removals of the town planning. The construction of a comercial site in the second half of the Vth century, markets and stores, built on a big exedra with portico and 15 divisions in line, represents the total use of the theatre, the structures of which became fossilized, in part, in a new shape. A village of Byzantin age was built over both constructions, characterized with quadrangular rooms which alternates with opened public spaces and irregular streets adjusted to the artificial and inclined topography dependent on the precedent constructions.Las excavaciones realizadas en el teatro romano de Cartagena han documentado una amplia secuencia estratigráfica que abarca desde niveles del siglo II a. de C. hasta nuestros días. Especialmente interesantes son los contextos materiales de los siglos V al VII, asociados a profundas remociones de carácter urbanístico. La construcción en la segunda mitad del siglo V de un complejo comercial, mercado/almacén, estructurado sobre una gran exedra porticada y una serie de 15 compartimentos alineados, representa la amortización total del edificio del teatro cuyas estructuras en parte fosiliza el nuevo conjunto. Encima de ambas construcciones se construyó un barrio de época bizantina caracterizado por habitaciones de forma cuadrangular que alternan con espacios comunes abiertos y calles de trazado irregular adaptadas a la topografía artificial y en pendiente impuesta por las construcciones precedentes.

  8. Angioplastia coronaria en la República Argentina. Comparación de los resultados en la fase hospitalaria de los estudios CONAREC V y CONAREC XIV

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Baratta

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available La angioplastia coronaria (ATC es una técnica para el tratamiento de la enfermedad coronaria que se encuentra en constante evolución. El registro CONAREC V relevó características de pacientes sometidos a angioplastia durante el año 1996. Diez años después publicamos los resultados del estudio CONAREC XIV. ObjetivoComparar las características demográficas y clínicas, la utilización de dispositivos y de pruebas funcionales, los resultados y las complicaciones de la ATC en el estudio CONAREC V con el estudio CONAREC XIV. Material y métodosSe unificaron las bases de datos de ambos protocolos. Se compararon las variables continuas por medio de la prueba de la t y las categóricas con la prueba de chi cuadrado. Se construyó un modelo de regresión logística para determinar si disminuyó la tasa de complicaciones en el año 2005, ajustando por confundidores.ResultadosLos pacientes del CONAREC XIV fueron más añosos (62,8 ± 10,8 versus 60,6 ± 10,9 años, con mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (72,4% versus 61,3%; p < 0,001 y diabetes (19,2% versus 16,9%; p = 0,017 y menor de tabaquismo (22% versus 38%; p < 0,001; presentaron enfermedad de tres vasos (20,2% versus 14,8%; p < 0,001 y ATC de más de un vaso con mayor frecuencia (25,3% versus 11,8%; p < 0,001; se incrementaron el uso de stents (94,5% versus 48%; p < 0,001 y la indicación por cuadros estables (36,3% versus 18,2%; p < 0,001. El uso de pruebas funcionales en este contexto fue menor en el año 2005 (54% versus 65%; p < 0,001.En pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio, en el CONAREC XIV se observó una prevalencia menor de infarto anterior (46% versus 57,8%; p < 0,005 y de shock cardiogénico (7,3% versus 13,5%; p = 0,017. La tasa de complicaciones mayores fue menor en el último protocolo, CONAREC XIV (3,1% versus 8,9%; p < 0,001. En el modelo multivariado, pertenecer al último estudio disminuyó el riesgo de padecer eventos (OR 0,41, IC 95% 0,26-0,64; p < 0

  9. TENDENCIAS DE LA MERCADOTECNIA EN EL SIGLO XXI

    OpenAIRE

    Ma. Walesska Schlesinger Díaz; Leifel Hernández

    2004-01-01

    El presente artículo tiene como objetivo central explorar las tendencias que en el siglo XXI están revolucionando la práctica del mercadeo en las organizaciones. Para ello se caracteriza, en términos generales, el concepto de mercadotecnia, así como, la evolución de la misma desde sus inicios. Posteriormente se consideran los cambios tecnológicos, sociales y de mercado que han surgido en los inicios del milenio, para finalmente identificar las tendencias y desafíos a los cuales se enfrentan l...

  10. Maio de 1968 em Paris: testemunho de um estudante Paris, May 1968: witness of a student

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michel Thiollent

    1998-10-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar informações sobre os acontecimentos de maio de 1968 na França e seus desdobramentos na vida universitária e intelectual. Os temas abordados são o contexto da crise universitária, as formas de contestação estudantil do ensino de ciências sociais e economia e as fontes intelectuais do movimento. Com base em documentos inéditos, são descritas diversas experiências de comunicação alternativa, de relacionamento entre estudantes e trabalhadores no decorrer dos acontecimentos, assim como uma tentativa de Universidade Popular no 13° distrito de Paris, de julho a outubro de 1968. São analisados alguns aspectos dos debates e da evolução das ciências sociais e da filosofia pós-68, período marcado pela crise do ideário socialista e pelo crescimento do individualismo.This article aims to present the happenigs occured in France in May 1968 and its consequences in the intelectual and university world. The topics are the context of the university crises, the forms of studants complaint against the teaching of Social Sciences and Economy and the intelectual sources of the movement. Based on unpublished documents, many experiences of alternative communication are described and the relationship between students and employees during the happenning and even an attempt to make a Popular University in the 13rd district of Paris, from July to October 1968, as well. Some aspects of the debates and the evolution of the Social Sciences and the Philosophy post 68 are analised. This period was remarked by the crises of the socialist set of ideas and the growth of the individualism.

  11. El cultivo del trigo en Nueva Galicia durante el siglo XVII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    René de León Meza

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo estudia los factores que determinaron el desarrollo y consolidación del cultivo del trigo en varias comarcas del reino de Nueva Galicia durante el siglo xvii tomando como referencia la última fundación de Guadalajara. Destaca lo vital que fue para esta industria la mano de obra indígena a través del sistema de repartimiento forzado y la vigencia de este hasta el siglo xviii en contraste con Nueva España donde fue suprimido desde 1633. La hipótesis aquí planteada es que la escasez de trigo y harina que constantemente sufrieron los habitantes de la ciudad de Guadalajara se debió a la confabulación de las autoridades del Cabildo con los comerciantes y productores para acapararlos, esconderlos y luego venderlos a precios elevados. La política que los regidores implementaron de no instalar una alhóndiga que concentrara y regulara la venta de esos productos confirma el anterior aserto.

  12. Dendrofisiología de Taxodium mucronatum Ten. en el centro de México durante el último siglo.

    OpenAIRE

    Correa Díaz, Arian

    2014-01-01

    La evaluación del desempeño fisiológico en especies forestales sobre el tiempo (dendrofisiología), es importante debido a que permite conocer el comportamiento de la vegetación en una atmósfera de composición cambiante; tal como ha ocurrido en el último siglo. Este trabajo analiza la respuesta del ahuehuete (Taxodium mucronatum Ten.) ha cambios en la concentración de CO2 en el último siglo. Se desarrollaron series dendrocronológicas de ancho de anillo de ahuehuete en el centro de México, para...

  13. El sentido de la obra de Descartes a la luz de la tradición y su valor prospectivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Davide E. Daturi

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Se describe la relación de algunos temas centrales de la teoría cartesiana del conocimiento con la tradición filosófica y al mismo tiempo se pretende conectar las intuiciones epistemológicas de este autor con el nacimiento de la ciencia moderna, así como plantear el desarrollo, en la filosofía, de los conceptos de razón, sujeto y trascendentalidad, en los últimos tres siglos. Confirmamos que la descripción del sujeto que introduce Descartes vive en directa conexión con el individuo forjado en los estudia humanitatis que empiezan en el siglo xiv y con aquella figura novedosa de hombre práctico que se desprende del moderno mercader norteeuropeo, y, por otro lado resaltamos la importancia del trabajo cartesiano para la definición del rumbo de la moderna epistemología.

  14. Assessment of the Climate Paris Agreement in the light of a Global Standard of Transparency

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tabau, Anne-Sophie

    2016-01-01

    Reactions to the Paris Agreement oscillate between political enthusiasm, given the diplomatic challenge that was taken-up, and activist disappointment, considering the emergency and scale of transformations to undertake to tackle climate change. The legal analysis of the COP21, its results and prospects they open however needs to be done in the light of dispassionate criteria. The one proposed in this paper uses a global standard of transparency. The reading grid offered thus enables to locate the Paris Agreement in the context of a global and complex governance; two features that the theory of global administrative law aims to better understand, from an empirical but also a prescriptive approaches. This assessment shows that the balance between transparency and opacity, intelligibility, effectiveness or efficiency is both delicate to establish and unstable. If the way the cursor was positioned under the Paris Agreement may seem unsatisfactory in many respects, it must not be forgotten that it is intended to evolve

  15. Climate champions? France, Germany and Europe in the negotiations about the Paris Agreement on climate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aykut, Stefan

    2016-05-01

    This report discusses the role and implications of France, Germany and Europe in the preparation of the Paris Agreement of December 2015. The author first discusses the historical aspiration of Europe to have a role of leadership in the negotiations. Then, he examines and comments the actual results of the COP21 and the content of the Paris Agreement. He analyses situational factors, the economic and political context, the role of the French diplomacy, of Germany and of the European Union. He analyses dynamics which, on the medium and the long terms, has shaped climate governance, notably the red lines defined by China and the USA, and the general framework of negotiations which tend to exclude some important issues which are considered as matters of conflict. The last part proposes a retrospective overview on room and options available for Europe to find a leadership again within the new climate regime implemented by the Paris Agreement

  16. Variability of air ion concentrations in urban Paris

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dos Santos, V. N.; Herrmann, E.; Manninen, H. E.; Hussein, T.; Hakala, J.; Nieminen, T.; Aalto, P. P.; Merkel, M.; Wiedensohler, A.; Kulmala, M.; Petäjä, T.; Hämeri, K.

    2015-12-01

    Air ion concentrations influence new particle formation and consequently the global aerosol as potential cloud condensation nuclei. We aimed to evaluate air ion concentrations and characteristics of new particle formation events (NPF) in the megacity of Paris, France, within the MEGAPOLI (Megacities: Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmospheric Pollution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation) project. We measured air ion number size distributions (0.8-42 nm) with an air ion spectrometer and fine particle number concentrations (> 6 nm) with a twin differential mobility particle sizer in an urban site of Paris between 26 June 2009 and 4 October 2010. Air ions were size classified as small (0.8-2 nm), intermediate (2-7 nm), and large (7-20 nm). The median concentrations of small and large ions were 670 and 680 cm-3, respectively, (sum of positive and negative polarities), whereas the median concentration of intermediate ions was only 20 cm-3, as these ions were mostly present during new particle formation bursts, i.e. when gas-to-particle conversion produced fresh aerosol particles from gas phase precursors. During peaks in traffic-related particle number, the concentrations of small and intermediate ions decreased, whereas the concentrations of large ions increased. Seasonal variations affected the ion population differently, with respect to their size and polarity. NPF was observed in 13 % of the days, being most frequent in spring and late summer (April, May, July, and August). The results also suggest that NPF was favoured on the weekends in comparison to workdays, likely due to the lower levels of condensation sinks in the mornings of weekends (CS weekdays 09:00: 18 × 10-3 s-1; CS weekend 09:00: 8 × 10-3 s-1). The median growth rates (GR) of ions during the NPF events varied between 3 and 7 nm h-1, increasing with the ion size and being higher on workdays than on weekends for intermediate and large ions. The median GR of

  17. PREFACE: XIV Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields

    Science.gov (United States)

    Delepine, D.; Napsuciale, M.; Ibarguen, H. S.

    2015-11-01

    The Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields (MWPF) is a biennial meeting organized by the Division of Particles and Fields of the Mexican Physical Society designed to gather specialists in different areas of high energy physics to discuss the latest developments in the field. The fourteenth edition of this meeting was held from November 25 to 29, 2013, at the colonial city of Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico. The XIV Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields consisted of invited lectures, discussion and poster sessions. Experimental and theoretical developments were presented by distinguished physicists, addressing the most recent results in the field. The invited review talks included topics on collider physics, neutrino physics, physics beyond the Standard Model, flavor and hadronic physics, astroparticle physics, dark matter physics and effective theories, among others. The highlight topic of the conference was the presentation of the most resent results from the most popular high energy experiments in the world. The discovery of a particle consistent with the long-sought Higgs boson, considered one of the most important discoveries of the 21st century, was fully addressed by José Benítez and Kirill Prokofiev from CERN. The overview of the results of ALICE on the first run of the LHC was extensivly covered by Antonio Ortiz, from Lund University, and Daniel Tapia, from Universití Paris-Sud. The prospects and status of the new Belle II experiment were presented by Yoshi Sakai from KEK. The plans and projects of Tevatron on the new era of accelerators were explained by Gene Fisk from FERMILAB. Eric Vázquez from SNOLAB presented a wonderful explanation about the Dark Matter detection and the most resent results about the searches for it. The largest high energy cosmic rays detector, the Pierre Auger, was presented by Luis Villasñnor from University of Michoacán. On Friday 29th of November, we had an excursion to the archeological site of Mitla and to Santa

  18. Histoire des approches de la santé et de la sécurité au travail au 41, rue Gay-Lussac, Paris A story of advances in safety and health at work, 41, rue Gay-Lussac, Paris. From Work Physiology and Psychology to Ergonomics Historia de los enfoques de la salud y de la seguridad en el trabajo 41, rue Gay-Lussac, Paris. De la fisiología del trabajo a la ergonomía

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xavier Cuny

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Ce texte décrit les principales étapes de la recherche en santé/sécurité qui ont marqué l’histoire des différents laboratoires, situés à Paris, 41 rue Gay-Lussac. Il dépeint leur évolution, de la physiologie et la psychologie du travail à l’ergonomie. Après avoir rappelé l’importance historique du lieu, les auteurs mentionnent la contribution des chercheurs. Leur préoccupation était de comprendre et de résoudre les problèmes de santé et de sécurité, liés au travail, à des époques différentes. La période étudiée s’étend du début du XXe siècle à la fin des années 80. Les phases et les événements importants sont mis en évidence, en montrant les changements et les coopérations. Les évolutions des concepts, des thèmes et des solutions dédiées à l’amélioration des conditions de travail et à l’organisation des entreprises sont retracées.This features article traces the major stages in health and safety research that have marked the history of the different laboratories located at 41 rue Gay-Lussac, Paris. It portrays their evolution, from work physiology and psychology to ergonomics. After explaining the historical significance of the place, the authors describe the researchers’ contributions. The researchers’ goal was to understand and solve the work-related problems of health and safety that arose over time. The period investigated here extends from the early 20th century to the late 80s. The stages and significant events are highlighted as are the cooperation with other institutions and the influences of diverse schools of thought. The evolutions of concepts, themes and solutions dedicated to improving working conditions and the organization of companies are depicted.Este texto describe las principales etapas de la investigación en salud/seguridad que marcaron la historia de los diferentes laboratorios situados en Paris, 41 rue Gay-Lussac. Se delinea su evolución ; de la fisiología y

  19. Breve ensayo sobre el devenir del libro moderno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Jalil Milad

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available El libro ha sufrido modificaciones radicales durante su evolución, que ha acompañado a la evolución intelectual y cultural del hombre. Estas modificaciones han afectado tanto su estructura física como su organización interna. La producción artesanal del libro se modificó definitivamente en el siglo XIV con el advenimiento de la imprenta, transformando en forma decisiva la fabricación y venta de libros en una industria floreciente hasta nuestros días, permitiendo su expansión hacia el hombre común. Posteriormente, en el siglo XVIII, la aparición de la enciclopedia le dio un impulso insospechado, ayudando dinámicamente a modificar la forma en que el hombre accedía al conocimiento. El siglo XX, a través del desarrollo de Internet permitía al libro incorporarse a una matriz activa del conocimiento. Las características de Internet, como protovehículo de inteligencia artificial, plantea la disyuntiva de su origen desde una dimensión casual o causal, en una comparación inevitable con los orígenes mismos del lenguaje.

  20. ¿Entre Roma y Madrid?: la reforma regalista y el Sínodo de Charcas (1771-1773

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luque Alcaide, Elisa

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available En el contexto de las diversas interpretaciones historiográficas sobre la reforma eclesiástica americana del siglo XVIII, el artículo apunta la existencia de una corriente reformista autóctona. El Sínodo de Charcas (1771-1773 fue una iniciativa americana: lo convocó un obispo criollo antes de recibir el Tomo regio de Carlos III que pondría en marcha los concilios provinciales regalistas en América. El trabajo indaga las directrices reformistas del Sínodo en los decretos sobre párrocos y doctrineros. El estudio de la fuentes de esos decretos pone de relieve la recepción de los escritos de Benedicto XIV que, desde Roma, impulsó durante su pontificado (1740-1758 un movimiento de renovación cristiana. Los datos recogidos llevan a sostener que en el siglo XVIII existieron en América dos proyectos de reforma eclesiástica: uno regalista fraguado en Madrid y otro eclesial autóctono, en sintonía con las iniciativas de Roma y en continuidad con los concilios americanos de los siglos XVI y XVII.

  1. Two months of disdrometer data in the Paris area

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gires, Auguste; Tchiguirinskaia, Ioulia; Schertzer, Daniel

    2018-05-01

    The Hydrology, Meteorology, and Complexity laboratory of École des Ponts ParisTech (hmco.enpc.fr) has made a data set of optical disdrometer measurements available that come from a campaign involving three collocated devices from two different manufacturers, relying on different underlying technologies (one Campbell Scientific PWS100 and two OTT Parsivel2 instruments). The campaign took place in January-February 2016 in the Paris area (France). Disdrometers provide access to information on the size and velocity of drops falling through the sampling area of the devices of roughly a few tens of cm2. It enables the drop size distribution to be estimated and rainfall microphysics, kinetic energy, or radar quantities, for example, to be studied further. Raw data, i.e. basically a matrix containing a number of drops according to classes of size and velocity, along with more aggregated ones, such as the rain rate or drop size distribution with filtering, are available. Link to the data set: https://zenodo.org/record/1240168" target="_blank">https://zenodo.org/record/1240168 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1240168" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1240168).

  2. Addressing climate change: lessons from Paris, challenges for Marrakech

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jayaram, Dhanasree

    2016-02-01

    Dhanasree Jayaram, Project Associate in the Manipal Advanced Research Group of Manipal University (Karnataka, India), and author of 'Breaking out of the Green House: Indian Leadership in Times of Environmental Change (2012)' answers the following questions regarding the Paris agreement reach during COP21: - What is your assessment of the Paris agreement reach during COP21? - What is the most positive/negative aspect? - Is the agreement legally binding according to you? - What was the main 'redline' for the Indian government in the negotiations? - Is the Indian government satisfied by the content of the agreement? - Some people say that what happened outside the COP21 but during the week (Indian Solar Alliance, New Chinese Funds, Divest-Invest campaign, Electricity for Africa, activism of civil society, etc.), is more important that what happened inside. Do you share this opinion? - Are you optimistic regarding the gap between the 1.5 deg. C limit and the current level of the INDC? - What do you think about the position of the OPEC countries? - What are the main progresses proposed by the agreement regarding the financial dimension? - What are the main challenges for the COP22 in Morocco? What are the next big steps?

  3. -Climate: the key objectives of the Paris 2015 Agreement

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Damian, Michel; Abbas, Mehdi; Berthaud, Pierre

    2015-01-01

    The present article focuses on the already discernable key objectives of the climate agreement due to be signed in December 2015 in Paris, to come into force in 2020. The agreement - promoted by the G2 USA-China - will be based exclusively on 'national policies', turning its back on the first climate policy enshrined in the Kyoto Protocol, synonymous with an outdated, top-down architecture and hopes of a binding international agreement. All states, including those, such as China, which the Kyoto Protocol placed in the list of developing countries, are expected to propose 'intended nationally determined contributions' to cutting greenhouse gas emissions. These contributions are heterogeneous, with only modest medium-term targets, and not legally binding. The Paris Agreement will represent a turning point, heralding a new climate governance in the continuation of state-centered governance, but henceforth on a global scale. In other words the agreement will take into account the preferences of the 196 parties to the 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change, in particular those of the most powerful among their number. We maintain that this agreement will change the course of climate change mitigation and adaptation for decades

  4. Judging the Paris Agreement: A comparison with IDDRI's 10 criteria for success

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Deprez, Alexandra; Spencer, Thomas

    2016-03-01

    The Paris Agreement is universal, legally binding and differentiated. (1) It was adopted by consensus by 195 countries, implying a very strong level of global buy-in. (2) It meets the requirements for a treaty under international law, and imposes obligations upon countries regarding NDCs (submission, implementation, transparency). (3) It does not establish new Annexes (cf. Kyoto Protocol) but rather nuances countries' obligations across each of Agreement's elements (i.e. mitigation, adaptation, support), at times specifying differing obligations in line with countries' different national circumstances. The Paris Agreement is ambitious. (4) It reaffirms the goal of maintaining global temperature rise to below 2 deg. C, and operationalizes this target by establishing a goal to achieve net-zero global emissions between 2050 and 2100. It also calls for an aspirational goal of maintaining temperature under 1.5 deg. C. (5) It includes the concept of cycles, whereby countries will regularly revise their national climate ambition upward in a coordinated manner, (8) and an overarching financial objective, strongly signaling to business and investors countries' commitment toward a low-carbon future. (9) Finally, it establishes a single, unified but flexible transparency system for all countries. The Paris Agreement sets up a framework for action beyond mitigation and the UNFCCC. (6) It establishes an overarching goal on adaptation, which can help create a more 'balanced' climate regime in which mitigation and adaptation share equal footing. (7) Even though the very scientifically, legally and politically complex issues of 'liability' have not yet been fully fleshed out, the inclusion in the Paris outcome of a full article on loss and damage is more than many expected. (10) The maintaining of Non-State Actor Zone for Climate (NAZCA) platform created at COP20 to track non-state actors' initiatives shows that the UNFCCC, while remaining the center for state action, aims to help

  5. Freshwater ecosystems could become the biggest losers of the Paris Agreement.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hermoso, Virgilio

    2017-09-01

    Securing access to energy for a growing population under the international commitment of reduction of greenhouse emissions requires increasing the contribution of renewable sources to the global share. Hydropower energy, which accounts for >80% of green energy, is experiencing a boom fostered by international investment mainly in developing countries. This boom could be further accelerated by the recent climate agreement reached in Paris. Despite its flexibility, hydropower production entails social, economic and ecological risks that need to be carefully considered before investing in the development of potentially thousands of planned hydropower projects worldwide. This is especially relevant given the weak or nonexistent legislation that regulates hydropower project approval and construction in many countries. I highlight the need for adequate policy to provide the Paris Agreement with new financial and planning mechanisms to avoid further and irreversible damage to freshwater ecosystem services and biodiversity. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  6. Economic tools to promote transparency and comparability in the Paris Agreement

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aldy, Joseph; Pizer, William; Tavoni, Massimo; Reis, Lara Aleluia; Akimoto, Keigo; Blanford, Geoffrey; Carraro, Carlo; Clarke, Leon E.; Edmonds, James; Iyer, Gokul C.; McJeon, Haewon C.; Richels, Richard; Rose, Steven; Sano, Fuminori

    2016-11-01

    The Paris Agreement culminates a six-year transition towards an international climate policy architecture based on parties submitting national pledges every five years. An important policy task will be to assess and compare these contributions. We use four integrated assessment models to produce metrics of Paris Agreement pledges, and show differentiated effort across countries: wealthier countries pledge to undertake greater emission reductions with higher costs. The pledges fall in the lower end of the distributions of the social cost of carbon and the cost-minimizing path to limiting warming to 2 °C, suggesting insufficient global ambition in light of leaders’ climate goals. Countries’ marginal abatement costs vary by two orders of magnitude, illustrating that large efficiency gains are available through joint mitigation efforts and/or carbon price coordination. Marginal costs rise almost proportionally with income, but full policy costs reveal more complex regional patterns due to terms of trade effects.

  7. Conflict of law issues related to Switzerland's participation in the Paris Nuclear Third Party Liability Regime

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Waldner, Michael

    2012-01-01

    In spite of the active role Switzerland played during the negotiation process of the Paris Convention, it only recently ratified the Convention including all its amending Protocols. The whole Paris regime will become binding for Switzerland only upon entry into force of the Protocols of 2004. Concurrently, the Federal Council will put into force a revised Swiss Nuclear Liability Act and ratify the Joint Protocol. Being a party to the Paris regime and the Joint Protocol, Switzerland will be in treaty relationships with Paris states and with Vienna states which are party to the Joint Protocol. This paper assesses the legal protection of Swiss victims and the liability risks faced by Swiss operators and other potential defendants (such as suppliers and builders) under the new legal regime with a particular view to conflict of laws issues. For the purpose of this assessment the paper examines which courts will be competent to hear claims of Swiss victims and against Swiss defendants in different scenarios, which law these courts should apply, whether or not the principle of legal channelling will apply and what the applicable liability amounts are. The assessment shows an ambiguous picture: Swiss operators, suppliers and builders clearly benefit from a higher degree of legal certainty. While in the absence of treaty relationships Swiss operators could potentially be sued before any foreign court, there will now be only one court with jurisdiction over claims of victims of convention states; Swiss suppliers and builders for their part will be protected by the principle of legal channelling, which basically exempts them from any liability risk. Swiss victims will benefit from treaty-backed entitlement to compensation from foreign operators; also, the judgements rendered in their favour will be enforceable in the whole convention territory; however, the limitation of the operator's liability in many Paris and Vienna states, raises doubts about whether the available funds

  8. Long-term damage to glass in Paris in a changing environment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ionescu, Anda; Lefèvre, Roger-Alexandre; Brimblecombe, Peter; Grossi, Carlota M

    2012-08-01

    Glass weathering depends mainly on its chemical composition: Si-Ca-K mediaeval glass is low durable, while Si-Ca-Na Roman as well as modern glass are very durable. Mediaeval glass is subject to the superficial leaching of K and Ca ions leading to the formation of a hydrated silica-gel layer. Both types of glass develop a superficial stratum of deposited atmospheric particles cemented by crystals of gypsum (and syngenite in the case of Si-Ca-K glass), leading to an impairment of the optical properties: decrease of transparency and increase of haze. Dose-response functions established for the two types of glass reveal that haze depends only on pollution parameters (PM, SO(2), NO(2)), while leaching depends both on pollution and climate parameters (RH, T, SO(2), NO(2)). Instrumental records are available for temperature in Paris from 1800. Air pollution in Paris was estimated from statistics of fuel use from 1875 to 1943, measurements that started in the 1950s and projections across the 21st century. The estimated annual rate of haze development indicates a gradual rise from the 16th century. The increasing importance of coal as a fuel through the 19th century and enhanced sulphur dioxide concentration make a rapid increase in haze formation, which reaches a peak about 1950. The likely damage to mediaeval glass follows a rather similar pattern. The period of damage from aggressive pollutants looks later and for a briefer time in Paris than in London. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. Short term respiratory health effects of ambient air pollution: results of the APHEA project in Paris.

    OpenAIRE

    Dab, W; Medina, S; Quénel, P; Le Moullec, Y; Le Tertre, A; Thelot, B; Monteil, C; Lameloise, P; Pirard, P; Momas, I; Ferry, R; Festy, B

    1996-01-01

    STUDY OBJECTIVE: To quantify the short term respiratory health effects of ambient air pollution in the Paris area. DESIGN: Time series analysis of daily pollution levels using Poisson regression. SETTING: Paris, 1987-92. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Air pollution was monitored by measurement of black smoke (BS) (15 monitoring stations), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter less than 13 microns in diameter (PM13), and ozone (O3) (4 stations). Daily mortality and ...

  10. L'espace touristique de la grande ville : une approche par les pratiques et les mobilités touristiques. Le cas de la destination Paris.

    OpenAIRE

    Lepan , Laurie

    2013-01-01

    Paris is an important tourism destination in the world with more than 20 millions of tourists every year. While studies are still relatively absent on tourism in Paris, we purpose to contribute to the discussion. After a state of art to identify the main themes addressed in the tourism and the city, and the Paris case, we chose to focus this PHD on tourists through their practices and mobilities. At a time where many are discussing on the metropolitan scale of Paris, we wanted to think of Par...

  11. ¿Kapital para el siglo XXI?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    James K. Galbraith

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Comentario al libro “El capital en el siglo XXI” de Thomas Piketty, (traducción del libro en francés al ingles de Arthur Goldhammer Belknap Press, 2014, 671 pp. Este comentario de James Galbraith apareció en inglés en Dissent, a Quarterly of Politics and Culture, primavera 2014, y puede encontrarse en http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/kapital-for-the-twenty-first-century. Traducción de Ola Financiera, del inglés al español por Hector R. González Peña (Escuela de Economía de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, campus Culiacán y revisión de Eugenia Correa.

  12. Deuteron form factors and e-d polarization observables for the Paris and Graz-II potentials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schwarz, K.; Plessas, W.; Mathelitsch, L.

    1983-01-01

    Elastic e-d scattering is studied employing the meson-theoretical Paris potential and the non-local separable Graz-II potential. Electric and magnetic form factors are calculated with inclusion of meson-exchange currents and compared to existing experimental data. Deuteron vector and tensor polarizations are predicted and discussed in relation to the deuteron wave functions of the potential models considered. Thereby the off-shell behaviour of the Graz-II interaction is found to be close to that one of the Paris potential over the most important domain of low and moderate off-shell moments. (Author)

  13. Tackling the climate targets set by the Paris Agreement (COP 21 ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Tackling the climate targets set by the Paris Agreement (COP 21): Green leadership empowers public hospitals to overcome obstacles and challenges in a ... To improve commitment from all involved roleplayers, political leadership, supportive government policies and financial funding is mandatory, or public hospitals will ...

  14. A Library in the Grands Moulins de Paris: challenging Reality

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catherine Tresson

    2006-07-01

    Full Text Available In 2006, the University of Paris 7 and its new Main Library will move to Paris Rive Gauche, a recently developed neighbourhood on the left bank of the Seine. The library will occupy most of the city’s former industrial mills, the Grands Moulins de Paris. As part of the project, the library developed a very detailed functional program. The facilities are expected to comprise 1,800 workstations (half of which will be computerized, and upon completion will have a capacity of 300,000 freely accessible documents and 350,000 documents in store over a total surface area of some 12,000 m2. The architect Rudy Ricciotti won the international competition to design the library held in 2001. Perfectly suited to its function, the industrial building in which the library is housed dates from the 1920s. It presents both advantages (vast surfaces, sufficient load-bearing capacity, natural light, etc. and obstacles (restrictions on free circulation, forests of columns in certain areas, interrupted spaces, etc. to being transformed into a library that is functional and adapted to its purposes. The building’s structure and the constraints it imposed profoundly influenced the program which had to be adjusted, and also affected other aspects, including the arrangement and features of the furnishings as well as the building’s system of signs. In agreement with the university, the library worked in close collaboration with the architect from the earliest sketches onwards. As a result, his initial plan also evolved considerably. The installation of the library in the Grands Moulins offers us a chance to observe the nature and effects of the interactions between the transformation of a building and the evolution of a program.

  15. Science and policy characteristics of the Paris Agreement temperature goal

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Schleussner, Carl Friedrich; Rogelj, Joeri; Schaeffer, Michiel; Lissner, Tabea; Licker, Rachel; Fischer, Erich M.; Knutti, Reto; Levermann, Anders; Frieler, Katja; Hare, William

    2016-01-01

    The Paris Agreement sets a long-term temperature goal of holding the global average temperature increase to well below 2 °C, and pursuing efforts to limit this to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. Here, we present an overview of science and policy aspects related to this goal and analyse the

  16. Understanding the origin of Paris Agreement emission uncertainties.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rogelj, Joeri; Fricko, Oliver; Meinshausen, Malte; Krey, Volker; Zilliacus, Johanna J J; Riahi, Keywan

    2017-06-06

    The UN Paris Agreement puts in place a legally binding mechanism to increase mitigation action over time. Countries put forward pledges called nationally determined contributions (NDC) whose impact is assessed in global stocktaking exercises. Subsequently, actions can then be strengthened in light of the Paris climate objective: limiting global mean temperature increase to well below 2 °C and pursuing efforts to limit it further to 1.5 °C. However, pledged actions are currently described ambiguously and this complicates the global stocktaking exercise. Here, we systematically explore possible interpretations of NDC assumptions, and show that this results in estimated emissions for 2030 ranging from 47 to 63 GtCO 2 e yr -1 . We show that this uncertainty has critical implications for the feasibility and cost to limit warming well below 2 °C and further to 1.5 °C. Countries are currently working towards clarifying the modalities of future NDCs. We identify salient avenues to reduce the overall uncertainty by about 10 percentage points through simple, technical clarifications regarding energy accounting rules. Remaining uncertainties depend to a large extent on politically valid choices about how NDCs are expressed, and therefore raise the importance of a thorough and robust process that keeps track of where emissions are heading over time.

  17. REDD+ Crossroads Post Paris: Politics, Lessons and Interplays

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Esteve Corbera

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available This article introduces the special issue “REDD+ crossroads post Paris: politics, lessons and interplays”. The contributions to the special issue demonstrate, first, that REDD+ design in the studied countries has generally lacked social legitimacy and sidelined key actors that have an important role in shaping land-use sector dynamics. Second, they show that REDD+ early actions have tended to oversimplify local realities and have been misaligned with other policy goals and local needs. Third, REDD+ efforts have remained constrained to the forestry or climate mitigation policy sectors and have thus suffered from a lack of harmonization across local, national and international concerns, specifically of contradictory policy. As REDD+ moves from its preparedness to its implementation phase, more research efforts should be aimed at analysing the power relations that underpin and determine the design and implementation of REDD+ policies and actions, the potential for and limits to the vertical and horizontal harmonization of land-use policies and management, and the processes of resistance to or accommodation of REDD+ practices on the ground. In doing so, we advocate for multi-and transdisciplinary research that does not take for granted the benefits of REDD+ and which critically scrutinizes the multiple goals of this ambitious international policy framework, and where it sits within the broader Paris Agreement implementation agenda.

  18. Taki onqoy: epidemia de intoxicación por exposición al mercurio en Huamanga del siglo XVI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Alberto Santa María

    Full Text Available Taki Onqoy es un síndrome que corresponde a la intoxicación por exposición al mercurio. Apareció como consecuencia de la explotación de las minas de mercurio de Paras y Huancavelica en el Perú durante el siglo XVI. La caquexia mercurial, última etapa de la enfermedad, estaría asociada a la idea del pishtaco. El Taki Onqoy en el Perú del siglo XVI, representa la mayor epidemia por intoxicación por mercurio conocida por la humanidad.

  19. Global Governance of Climate Change The Paris Agreement as a New Component of the UN Climate Regime

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David A. Wirth

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The Paris Agreement, which was adopted in December 2015 and entered into force less than a year later, is the newest instrument to be adopted in the United Nations-sponsored global climate regime. The Paris Agreement takes its place under the 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change and next to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol and 2012 Doha Amendment. After describing the historical evolution of the UN climate regime employing the tools of international law, this Article explores the structural, institutional, and legal relationships between the new Paris Agreement and the prior development and content of UN-sponsored efforts on climate protection under the auspices of the 1992 Framework Convention. The need for such an analysis is particularly urgent because the new instrument was purposely not identified as a “protocol,” and its relationship to the prior Kyoto Protocol is unclear. This Article consequently traces the development of the universal, UN-anchored climate regime from its origins in the 1990s to the present moment, with particular attention to the structural relationship among its various components and historical junctures. The Article then examines the text and structure of the Paris Agreement, along with its context, against this background. The significance of the Agreement’s status as an instrument other than a “protocol,” and its uncertain textual and institutional relationship to the prior Kyoto Protocol, receive particular scrutiny. The Article concludes that the Paris Agreement, from a structural and institutional point of view, represents both a break with the past designed to initiate a new, globally-inclusive multilateral approach to climate protection, but also contains indications of continuity with prior questions of global climate policy.

  20. The Magic Factory: How MGM Made "An American in Paris."

    Science.gov (United States)

    Knox, Donald

    This book covers the aesthetic and production aspects of the 1951 musical film, "An American in Paris," through interviews with many of the production specialists who helped make this motion picture. The film represents the genre of the color Hollywood musical. It was the winner of six Academy Awards, featured a major star and a developing star,…

  1. The Paris Agreement: Consequences for the EU and Carbon Markets?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Steinar Andresen

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Most observers argue that this agreement is a step in the right direction. However, we do not know how effective it will be in terms of reducing emissions. We therefore discuss its potential effectiveness regarding EU climate policies and carbon markets. We argue that the Paris Agreement may have a positive effect but uncertainties abound.

  2. LA ACCESIBILIDAD DE LA HOYA ALCOYANA DURANTE EL SIGLO XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús Rafael de Vera Ferre

    1990-01-01

    Full Text Available La hoya de Alcoy ha tenido siempre serios problemas técnicos y financieros para desarrollar una malla de transportes que funcionara eficientemente debido a su morfología. Este hecho dificultó la entrada de las materias primas y la salida de las manufacturas de su importante industria a lo largo de todo el siglo XIX, incentivando la búsqueda de soluciones que mejoraran la accesibilidad por ferrocarril y carretera.

  3. La puissance prescriptive des guides à Paris The prescriptive power of tour guides in Paris. Standardizing elements of tourism ?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gwendal Simon

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Les « guide-interprètes » constituent des médiateurs entre les touristes et les espaces. Incarnant une présence physique en mesure d’aider les touristes en les informant sur la ville, ils opèrent comme prescripteurs de choses à voir et à faire. S’ils officient très diversement selon les touristes qu’ils accompagnent, ils exercent toujours leur pratique dans une logique de production de discours sur la ville. À Paris, la dimension muséale et patrimoniale constitue depuis longtemps le socle de l’attractivité touristique, qui continue de capitaliser sur des imaginaires et des pratiques liés à la grande ville d’Art et d’Histoire. Face à la constitution de ce référentiel dominant qui opère comme une force d’ « imposition », les guide-interprètes tentent néanmoins de décentrer le regard par des prescriptions délestées des symboles. C’est cette « tension » entre cet ensemble de références touristiques « à voir » et le souci de montrer la ville dans sa pluralité que nous analysons. Ces éléments nourrissent la réflexion actuelle sur les formes polarisées du tourisme à Paris et l’importance de la production de référents urbains plus contemporains que promeut la municipalité.Tour guides are mediators between tourists and spaces. As they embody a physical presence helping tourists and informing them about the city, they also act as prescribers, laying down what is supposed to be seen and to be done. If their recommendations depend on the tourists they travel with, they always mean to produce a discourse on the city. Paris’ museums and heritage have long since been two cornerstones of her enduring appeal. Confronted with this phenomenon, which tends to standardize the way of visiting a city, tour guides try to free their guidelines of symbolic references. This contribution focuses on the tension between must-see tourist references and the desire to show the city in all its diversity. These

  4. Low-energy neutron-proton analyzing power and the new Bonn potential and Paris potential predictions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tornow, W.; Howell, C.R.; Roberts, M.L.; Felsher, P.D.; Chen, Z.M.; Walter, R.L.; Mertens, G.; Slaus, I.

    1988-01-01

    Instrumental asymmetries recently observed by Haeberli and co-workers, limit the accuracy of neutron-proton analyzing power A/sub y/(θ) data. These instrumental effects are discussed and calculated for previously published n-p A/sub y/(θ) data at 16.9 MeV. To enable these calculations, the analyzing power for the 2 H(d-arrow-right,n) 3 He reaction was measured at small angles. Additional n-p A/sub y/(θ) data at extreme backward angles, obtained via proton recoil detection, are also reported for this energy in this paper. The composite data set is compared to calculations based on the new Bonn NN potential, the Paris NN potential, and to the recent NN phase-shift solution of Arndt. In addition, a detailed comparison between A/sub y/(θ) calculated from the new Bonn and the Paris potentials between 10 and 50 MeV is shown to reveal unexpectedly large relative differences. The experimental data in this energy range are better described by the Paris potential than by the new Bonn potential

  5. Global justice and environmental governance: an analysis of the Paris Agreement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Santos

    Full Text Available Abstract Based on the major normative political theory contributions on global climate justice, the present paper analyzes the new international agreement on climate change, adopted at COP 21 in Paris (2015. Therefore, a literary review of the extensive normative theoretical discussion about global climate justice is made, with special attention to the two approaches that have permeated multilateral political negotiations - historical responsibility and equal per capita emissions. From this normative discussion, this paper recalls the global climate change negotiation process, focusing on the Kyoto Protocol. Next, the analysis emphasizes on the Paris Agreement in an effort to evaluate the normative questions on justice and equity within the environmental governance regime. Finally, the set of conclusions indicates that, although the flexibility of the Agreement has encompassed some dimensions of responsibility, necessity and ability to bear the costs, the most complex dimensions of justice and equity has not been completely solved, which may hinder the operation of environmental governance in a near future.

  6. De estructuras, culturas y otros demonios: una revisión de las insurrecciones andinas de finales del siglo XVIII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hanni Jalil Paier

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Este ensayo observa las insurrecciones populares del siglo XVIII no como episodios casuales o aislados, sino como síntomas de un sentimiento generalizado de descontento social e intensificado conflicto. Sentimientos cuya intensidad se incrementó durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII y culminó con la Gran Rebelión de 1780-1783 en el sur de los Andes, el levantamiento en Quito de 1765 y la Rebelión de los Comuneros en la Nueva Granada de 1781. Este artículo examina los trabajos que hacen referencia a estas revueltas, reconociendo el hecho que la producción académica de las insurrecciones de finales del siglo XVIII en las colonias americanas forman parte de los amplios debates académicos que abordan las insurrecciones fuera del contexto Andino, e incorpora preguntas promulgadas por los estudiosos de las revueltas campesinas y el conflicto armado en otros campos y otros periodos.

  7. Entry into force and then? The Paris agreement and state accountability

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, Sylvia I.; Groff, Maja; Tamás, Peter A.; Dahl, Arthur L.; Harder, Marie K.; Hassall, Graham

    2018-01-01

    The entry into force of the Paris Agreement on climate change brings expectations that states will be held to account for their commitments. The article elaborates on why this is not a realistic assumption unless a broader multilevel perspective is taken on the nature of accountability regimes for

  8. La Maison du Roi sous Louis XIV, une troupe d’élite. Étude tactique

    OpenAIRE

    Chauviré, Frédéric

    2009-01-01

    La Maison du roi constitue le corps le plus prestigieux de l’armée royale. Mais c’est aussi une troupe d’élite, redoutée sur tous les champs de bataille. Sa supériorité tactique trouve son origine dans la singularité de sa doctrine de combat. Beaucoup plus manœuvrière que les régiments ordinaires, elle s’en distingue également par sa conduite de la charge : choix de l’arme blanche, adoption d’une allure élevée et recherche du choc. Les qualités de cette troupe expliquent que Louis XIV ait vou...

  9. La «Renovatio Urbis» : poder, ciudad y universidad en el siglo XVI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Consuelo Gómez López

    1996-01-01

    Full Text Available El proceso de renovación del concepto de Estado iniciado por los Reyes Católicos a finales del siglo xv, encontró en los medios institucionales el instrumento perfecto para dirigir y difundir sus nuevos principios doctrinales y poner en práctica sus programas de acción política. Las universidades, convertidas en instituciones puestas al servicio de la expresión del poder, encontraron a partir de entonces y a lo largo de todo el siglo xvi, un gran auge. Esta circunstancia se produce una vez que se toma conciencia desde el poder del valor que posee la educación como instrumento de acción política a partir del cual poder asegurar, como ha señalado J.A. Maravall, «la transmisión de los saberes que importan para la acción de gobierno», y en consecuencia, promover la renovación del Estado y de la sociedad

  10. Paris, privileged destination of the Spanish exile (1813-1851: regarding recent historiographical contributions | París, destino privilegiado del exilio español (1813-1851: a propósito de varias aportaciones historiográficas recientes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Fernández Sirvent

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Paris is a mythical city that has always evoked a special attraction between political and cultural elite. Only a reduced number of Spanish afrancesados (followers of the King Joseph Bonaparte and liberal-minded people that in the XIX century were forced to exile, had the legal possibility of looking for a political refuge –a new homeland in determined cases– in the French capital. The publication of several monographs, articles and biographies regarding this issue during the last decade, has made possible an extraordinary historiographical progress in the knowledge of the characteristics and particularities of the Spanish exile in Paris. The main objective of the present article is to raise awareness of a selection of these works and to connect some of their more relevant contributions to the field. | París es una ciudad mítica que siempre ha despertado un especial poder de atracción entre las élites políticas y culturales. Solo un reducido número de afrancesados y liberales españoles que en el siglo XIX se vieron forzados al exilio, tuvieron la posibilidad legal de buscar refugio político –en ocasiones una nueva patria– en la capital francesa. En la última década, se ha producido un extraordinario avance historiográfico en el conocimiento de las características y particularidades del exilio español en París, gracias a la publicación de varias monografías, artículos y biografías sobre el tema. Este artículo pretende dar a conocer una selección de estos trabajos y conectar algunas de sus principales aportaciones.

  11. Municipio y mercado en el Aragón Moderno : el abasto de pescado en Zaragoza (siglos XVI-XVII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Antonio Mateos Royo

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Estudio relativo a la política desarrollada por el Concejo de Zaragoza sobre el comercio de pescado durante los siglos XVI y XVII. La prosperidad económica de la ciudad y del municipio permitieron crear durante el siglo xvi condiciones favorables para asegurar a los habitantes de Zaragoza un suministro suficiente a un precio asequible. Sin embargo, el declive económico y el creciente endeudamiento municipal forzarán durante el siglo xvii a aumentar los impuestos sobre las transacciones y reducir la protección al consumidor.This paper studies municipal politics carried out by the Zaragoza city council concerning the first trade during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Economic prosperity in the city and council allowed to create during the sixteenth century favourable conditions in order to get a sufficient supply and a reasonable price for the population. However, economic decline and raising municipal indebtedness during the seventeenth century led to an increase of market taxation and a reduction of consumers' protection.

  12. décadas del siglo XX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Antonio Cruz Soto

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo haremos referencia a los principales cambios que experimentó el sector siderúrgico mundial a partir de los años setenta, principalmente en al ámbito económico, tecnológico y comercial. El incremento de la sobreoferta de productos siderúrgicos, la reducción en su demanda, los adelantos tecnológicos en la producción de acero, la incorporación de nuevos competidores en el mercado mundial —sobre todo de pequeños productores y de los países del exbloque socialista— y el significativo aumento del intercambio comercial entre los países representan los principales elementos de análisis para definir el desarrollo de la industria siderúrgica en las últimas décadas del siglo xx

  13. Imidž značky Kérastase Paris

    OpenAIRE

    Bláhová, Petra

    2014-01-01

    The aim of the diploma thesis is to determine a perception of the brand Kérastase Paris by consumers in Czech republic and Slovakia and compare it with the identity of the brand. I want to expose consumer habbits in the field of hair care and find out opinion about marketing communication of the brand Kérastase, that is supposed to correspondent with the brand strategy. I also want to expose main characteristics of loyal customer of the brand and propose some marketing recommendation for the ...

  14. La poesía de Luis Carlos López y la tradición de la antiliteratura en las letras hispánicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    James Joseph Alstrum

    1986-04-01

    Full Text Available Es indispensable situar la poesía del colombiano Luis Carlos López (1879-1950 con la mayor exactitud posible dentro del panorama histórico de la lírica hispanoamericana de este siglo, que se inicia con el auge del modernismo y que culmina en el verso posvanguardista actual. Es preciso, además, situar a López dentro de la tradición hispánica de la antiliteratura que surge en España con el Libro de buen amor de Juan Ruiz (1283-1350. Este libro parodia el menester de clerecía y satiriza la vida cotidiana en la Edad Media, época en que la Iglesia católica y su clero dominaron la sociedad. Esta obra maestra del siglo XIV reúne casi todas las formas métricas medievales castellanas junto con exempla, anécdotas y fábulas de origen oriental.

  15. Retrato, humildad y santidad en el Siglo de Oro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Portús Pérez, Javier

    1999-06-01

    Full Text Available By means of literary sources, this paper tries to make an appraisal of the use and meaning of portraits in the Spanish Golden Age society, and specifically of the links between concepts like religion, portraiture and humbleness.A través de fuentes literarias se ha tratado de hacer un estudio valorativo del uso y el significado del retrato en la sociedad española del Siglo de Oro, y especialmente de los casos en los que confluyen conceptos como retrato, religión y humildad.

  16. La estadística escolar en el siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean-Louis GUEREÑA

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: En el marco de una historia de la educación en vía de constitución, el proceso de escolarización ocupa un lugar central, y en particular la construcción y la naturaleza de la red escolar. La necesidad de estudiar de modo crítico y cuantitativo este proceso histórico, nos ha llevado a intentar llevar a cabo una aproximación a las estadísticas escolares en el siglo XIX, frente al manejo a veces indiscriminado de datos inconexos.

  17. Borderline personality disorder in cultural context: commentary on Paris.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miller, S G

    1996-01-01

    Paris suggests that some cultures provide protective factors that can suppress the emergence of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Yet all cultures contain some individuals who perceive themselves as unable to meet what is expected of them, and the resultant distress is expressed through a variety of "ethnic" disorders such as susto or nervios. When viewed in this context, BPD is similar to these disorders, notably in the perceived sense of social failure, marginality and powerlessness.

  18. Mujeres en la pianística del siglo XX en el noreste mexicano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonina Dragan

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available En México, a través de los siglos, como en muchosotros países, el papel tradicional de la mujer fue ser esposa,madre y ama de casa; por lo tanto, no tenían accesoa la educación. Las jóvenes de familias pudientesestudiaban artes y música, en particular como entretenimiento.La música no se consideraba una profesión, nohabía escuelas de música y algunas academias o maestrosparticulares llenaban el vacío. En este contexto el méritoespecial es para aquellas mujeres que tomaron la decisiónde participar en la vida social, cultural y políticade la sociedad en que vivían. Su aporte a la educación,a la difusión de arte musical y, en particular, pianísticoen la región de noreste, no se ha valorado lo suficientea pesar del gran empeño, entusiasmo y entrega que ellasdemostraron. En este artículo se abordará el papel de lamujer en la pianística del siglo XX en el noreste de México,a partir de los siguientes cuestionamientos: ¿Quiénesfueron estas mujeres que realizaron la labor educativa enel ámbito musical y pianístico en el noreste de México enel siglo XX? ¿Quiénes fueron las mujeres que hicieron delpiano su profesión y resultaron de gran valía en la difusiónde arte de piano y del repertorio pianístico en la zonade referencia?

  19. OLDTURKISHMEDICINE(XIV. - XVI. CENTURIESPROCEDURES FORMEASURINGAND DIMENSIONS ESKİ TÜRK TIBBINDA (XIV. - XVI. YÜZYILLAR ÖLÇÜLER VE ÖLÇME USULLERİ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gürkan GÜMÜŞATAM

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Turkishhistory of science, and with it the language ofsciencehas advancedthe course ofTurkishXIV.-XV.centurymedicalbooksterms of the datacontainsrichdata. Theimportanceof scientificworkswrittenin thiscenturyTurkishphysiciansin the works ofthe eraby puttingadministratorsin favor ofTurkish,complied withrequests. In this way,Turkishas the language ofsciencehas grown. Since theTurkishworks ofwritingfromamong those wholivedcenturiesphysicianshaveindicated. Centuries,written inplain languageratherthanthe worksnextpostin the works ofthe erathatthe presence ofdifferenttypes offace, observethe waysof their usage. The presence oftherelevanttermsofthesedimensionsandscalesare also available. The names given tounitsof measure, scales, and their useof suchwords inthe relevant departmentsin terms ofreachingasource ofpharmaceuticalproductions. The majority ofdetectionand usesthese termsfromArabicand Persianformedthe subject ofthisreview. The datasetwasselectedsixmedicalbook. As a result,Turkish,Arabicand Persianas well asinclusionof measurementunitsby using thedrawingsinthe waysof expressionis the resulthad been reached. Türk bilim tarihi ve onunla birlikte gelişme göstermiş Türk bilim dilinin seyri XIV.-XVI. yüzyıl tıp kitaplarındaki veriler bakımından zengin bulgular içerir. İlmî eserlerin Türkçe yazılmasına önem gösterilen bu dönemde hekimler Türkçeden yana tavır koyarak devrin yöneticilerinin isteklerine uymuşlardır. Bu sayede Türkçe bilim dili olarak gelişme göstermiştir. Eserlerini Türkçe yazmaktan yana olanlar arasında belirtilen yüzyıllar arasında yaşamış hekimler de vardır. Sonraki yüzyılllarda yazılmış eserlere nazaran oldukça yalın bir dille kaleme alınmış devrin eserlerinde değişik türden söz varlığıyla karşılaşmakta, bunların kullanım yollarını gözlenebilmektedir. Bu söz varlığı arasında ölçüler ve ölçeklerle ilgili terimler de bulunur. Ölçü birimlerine verilen adlar,

  20. El escrito autobiográfico de Fernando Álvarez de Albornoz y la guerra civil castellana (1366-1371)

    OpenAIRE

    Valdaliso, Covadonga; Furtado, Rodrigo

    2013-01-01

    En la segunda mitad del siglo XIV, Fernando Álvarez de Albornoz escribió un texto autobiográfico en latín en la hoja de guarda de un códice del Decreto de Graciano. Parte de este texto es un relato de la guerra civil castellana (1366-1371), probablemente basado en la información que le llegó a Italia a través de cartas enviadas a él o a alguno de sus familiares. Así, puede ser estudiado como fuente primaria o como escrito historiográfico. En este estudio el texto es transcri...

  1. Braveheart: una historia nacionalista escocesa interpretada por Hollywood

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando TODA IGLESIA

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Braveheart, que se estrenó en 1995, a la vez que salía al mercado la novela del mismo nombre, escrita por Randall Wallace —también guionista de la película—, tuvo un gran éxito en Estados Unidos y en buena parte del mundo; en el Reino Unido, triunfó en los cines de Escocia, aunque no tanto en Inglaterra, como era de esperar, pues Braveheart está basada en la primera parte de la historia de las guerras de independencia de Escocia contra Inglaterra a finales del siglo XIII y principios del XIV.

  2. La Cité Universitaire Internationale de Paris

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sébastien Bureau

    2008-05-01

    Full Text Available La Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris est le lieu où se concentrent le plus de résidences universitaires en Île-de-France avec une vocation affichée d’accueillir les étudiants et chercheurs du monde entier, et ce depuis 1925. Elle leur offre un ensemble de services centralisés et un cadre privilégié mais se considère avant tout comme un creuset pour la rencontre des cultures et la diffusion de la culture française parmi les élites intellectuelles internationales. Au-delà des intentions, nous avons cherché, par la rencontre de ses dirigeants et des résidents, à saisir d’une part, la réalité actuelle des échanges culturels promus par une politique du « brassage » et d’autre part, la dynamique de « l’espace vécu » des résidents.The Cité Internationale of Paris is the place where concentrate most university halls of residence in the French capital with a displayed vocation to welcome the students and the researchers of the whole world since 1925. It offers to them a set of centralized services and a privileged living environment but considers itself above all as a melting pot for the meeting of cultures and the spreading of French culture among international intellectual elites. Beyond intentions, we tried, by the meeting of managements and residents, to grasp the current reality of cultural exchanges thanks to the policy of the "mixing" and the dynamic of "the space lived" on residents.

  3. Exploring fair and ambitious mitigation contributions under the Paris Agreement goals

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Pan, Xunzhang; Elzen, den Michel; Höhne, Niklas; Teng, Fei; Wang, Lining

    2017-01-01

    In order to achieve the Paris Agreement goals of keeping the temperature rise well below 2 °C or even 1.5 °C, all countries would need to make fair and ambitious contributions to reducing emissions. A vast majority of countries have adopted reduction targets by 2030 in their Nationally Determined

  4. De Paris à Lyon. Les mutations éditoriales du «Lancelot du Lac»

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gaëlle Burg

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Lancelot du Lac est le premier roman arthurien imprimé à la Renais­sance. Dans sa première édition parue en 1488, qui réunit deux imprimeurs (Jean Le Bourgeois à Rouen et Jean Du Pré à Paris, un découpage et un prologue inédits sont ajoutés par le remanieur. Le texte sera réédité six fois par divers imprimeurs-libraires parisiens jusqu’en 1533. L’édition de luxe d’Antoine Vérard (1494, destinée au roi Charles VIII, présente d’importantes modifications effectuées dans un but commercial. Après une longue période d’accalmie qui signe le début du déclin de la vogue des romans de chevalerie médiévaux, Benoît Rigaud publie à Lyon, sous une forme considérablement abrégée, la dernière édition connue du Lancelot au XVIe siècle (1591. Si elle ne présente que peu d’intérêt littéraire, elle apporte cependant des informations concernant les pratiques éditoriales et les goûts du  lecteur de la fin du XVIe siècle. De Paris à Lyon, entre renaissance et déclin, le parcours éditorial d’un incontournable roman arthurien.Lancelot du Lac is the editio princeps of an Arthurian romance in Renaissance France. The first edition in 1488, which brings together two printers (Jean Le Bourgeois from Rouen and Jean Du Pré from Paris, offers original arrangement and prologue added by the compositor. The text will be published six times by various printers and booksellers in Paris until 1533. The luxurious edition from Antoine Vérard (1494 dedicated to King Charles VIII provides interesting transformations in commercial purposes. After a long time without edition, showing the beginning of chivalry literature’s decline, Benoît Rigaud publish in Lyon, in a greatly abbreviated form, the last known edition of Lancelot in the XVIth century (1591. If it presents no literary interest, it provides nevertheless informations about editorial practices and reader’s tastes from the end of Renaissance France. From Paris to

  5. Paris-Nairobi Conference - Proceedings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2011-04-01

    Energy is critical to economic development and poverty reduction. The provision of reliable, affordable and sustainable energy services, especially for the poorest, contributes decisively to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Without energy, economies cannot grow and poverty cannot be reduced. Insufficient electricity supply affects many developing countries. Productivity, competitiveness, employment, and economic and social development are therefore limited. Low income countries are uppermost victims of climate change, though being the least responsible and the least armed to tackle and mitigate it. To meet the energy needs of Africa and other countries vulnerable to climate change and engage them on a sustainable development path, a priority for all countries, a concerted common global action is needed. This action shall be connected with existing initiatives in order to complement and enhance their efficiency. 2012 has been declared the international year for energy access by the United-Nations and during its presidency of the G8/G20, France wishes to foreground this issue. Therefore, France and Kenya want to contribute to this overall action, launching a global partnership for universal access to clean energy. In this context, the ministerial meeting launched this partnership on April 21, 2011 in Paris, France. This first meeting discussed ways to mobilize financing to achieve universal access to energy and to develop cleaner energies. Several obstacles have to be addressed and the following challenges shall be overcome: strengthening national and regional legal framework, improving capacity building and project management (source localization, technological options) and risk management. This document brings together the available presentations given at the conference. Twelve presentations (slides) are compiled in this document and deal with: 1 - white paper presentation (A. Mohamed, P. Lorec); 2 - Establishment of ECREEE as a regional

  6. Why the paper CERN-PH-EP-2009-015 (arXiv:0903.4762) is scientifically unacceptable

    CERN Document Server

    Bolshakova, A; Chelkov, G; Dedovitch, D; Elagin, A; Gostkin, M; Guskov, A; Krumshtein, Z; Nefedov, Yu; Nikolaev, K; Zhemchugov, A; Dydak, F; Wotschack, J; De Min, A; Ammosov, V; Gapienko, V; Koreshev, V; Semak, A; Sviridov, Yu; Usenko, E; Zaets, V

    2009-01-01

    The paper CERN-PH-EP-2009-015 (arXiv:0903.4762) by A. Bagulya et al. violates standards of quality of work and scientific ethics on several counts. The paper contains assertions that contradict established detector physics. The paper falls short of proving the correctness of the authors' concepts and results. The paper ignores or quotes misleadingly pertinent published work. The paper ignores the fact that the authors' concepts and results have already been shown wrong in the published literature. The authors seem unaware that cross-section results from the 'HARP Collaboration' that are based on the paper's concepts and algorithms are in gross disagreement with the results of a second analysis of the same data, and with the results of other experiments.

  7. El estilo "rasgueado" de la guitarra barroca y su influencia en la guitarra flamenca: fuentes escritas y musicales, siglo XVII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Norberto Torres Cortés

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available En nuestra tesis doctoral (Torres, 2009, hemos podido observar, utilizando fuentes musicológicas, iconográficas y escritas, el paso de la guitarra popular rasgueada a la guitarra flamenca en España, y particularmente en Andalucía, desde el siglo XVI al XIX. El trabajo que proponemos a continuación se centrará en las fuentes del siglo XVII, con la popularidad de la guitarra española o rasgueada durante el Barroco, los barberos como primeros tocaores de este estilo, la guitarra rasgueada en el teatro del Siglo de Oro, el análisis de fuentes musicales italianas y francesas que dan cuenta de la popularidad del rasgueado en Europa, el estudio del repertorio rasgueado de Luis de Briceño y Gaspar Sanz, siempre desde el contraste entre fuentes musicales y escritas, para señalar los elementos que perdurarán y cristalizarán en el toque flamenco decimonónico.

  8. Retracted: Effect of Paris polyphylla extract on second- degree burns ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    2018-01-26

    Jan 26, 2018 ... Retracted: Ma Z, Yin W, Hu G, Zhu Z, Huang Z. Effect of Paris polyphylla extract on second-degree burns in rats. Trop J Pharm Res 2016; 15(10):2131-2135 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v15i10.11. From the Editor. Our attention was drawn to the falsification of the data published in this article which was ...

  9. Graph Theory in Paris : Conference in Memory of Claude Berge

    CERN Document Server

    Fonlupt, Jean; Fouquet, Jean-Luc; Fournier, Jean-Claude; Alfonsín, Jorge

    2007-01-01

    In July 2004, a conference on graph theory was held in Paris in memory of Claude Berge, one of the pioneers of the field. The event brought together many prominent specialists on topics, such as perfect graphs and matching theory, upon which Claude Berge's work has had a major impact. This volume includes contributions to these and other topics from many of the participants.

  10. De Grande Mosquée de Paris tussen eerbetoon en propaganda

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Spaan, S.J.

    2015-01-01

    In het hart van Parijs, tegenover de Jardin des Plantes, staat de Grande Mosquée de Paris, geopend in 1926. In elke toeristische gids staat dat de muntthee en baklava in het café heerlijk zijn en dat de moskee bedoeld was als eerbetoon aan de islamitische soldaten die in de Eerste Wereldoorlog hun

  11. Observations of Fe XIV Line Intensity Variations in the Solar Corona During the 21 August 2017 Solar Eclipse

    Science.gov (United States)

    Johnson, Payton; Ladd, Edwin

    2018-01-01

    We present time- and spatially-resolved observations of the inner solar corona in the 5303 Å line of Fe XIV, taken during the 21 August 2017 solar eclipse from a field observing site in Crossville, TN. These observations are used to characterize the intensity variations in this coronal emission line, and to compare with oscillation predictions from models for heating the corona by magnetic wave dissipation.The observations were taken with two Explore Scientific ED 102CF 102 mm aperture triplet apochromatic refractors. One system used a DayStar custom-built 5 Å FWHM filter centered on the Fe XIV coronal spectral line and an Atik Titan camera for image collection. The setup produced images with a pixel size of 2.15 arcseconds (~1.5 Mm at the distance to the Sun), and a field of view of 1420 x 1060 arcseconds, covering approximately 20% of the entire solar limb centered near the emerging sunspot complex AR 2672. We obtained images with an exposure time of 0.22 seconds and a frame rate of 2.36 Hz, for a total of 361 images during totality.An identical, co-aligned telescope/camera system observed the same portion of the solar corona, but with a 100 Å FWHM Baader Planetarium solar continuum filter centered on a wavelength of 5400 Å. Images with an exposure time of 0.01 seconds were obtained with a frame rate of 4.05 Hz. These simultaneous observations are used as a control to monitor brightness variations not related to coronal line oscillations.

  12. La identidad de los escritores del Siglo de Oro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo GARCÍA CÁRCEL

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available La sociología de la producción de la cultura en la España del Siglo de Oro está en nuestro país más atrasada que la sociología del consumo. Para las famosas preguntas de J.P. Sartre Qué est-ce que la littérature: ¿Quién escribe las obras? y ¿Para quién escribe las obras?, tenemos hoy por hoy, pobres respuestas. En este trabajo intentaremos aportar algunos elementos de respuesta al primer interrogante. Noel Salomón en 1972 estableció tres tipos de escritores en la España del Siglo de Oro:1 Los escritores aristócratas, para quienes tomar la pluma es un arte noble del espíritu, un lujo en su existencia social palaciega. Tal es el caso del Marqués de Santillana o Garcilaso de la Vega.2 Los escritores artesanos, para quienes escribir es una profesión, una actividad para ganar el pan cotidiano. Entran en esta condición los juglares medievales, los poetas maestros de capilla (Juan del Encina, Lucas Fernández y los poetas secretarios «capellanes» del tipo de Lope de Vega hacia 1600. Unos y otros viven de su pluma a la sombra del mecenas.3 Escritores de mercado. El ejemplo más expresivo es Lope de Vega después de 1610. El teatro fue para él un importante medio de vida. Por una comedia cobraba poco más de 300 reales.

  13. Observed magnetic dipole transitions in the ground terms of Ti XIV, Ti XV, and Ti XVII

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suckewer, S.; Fonck, R.; Hinnov, E.

    1979-09-01

    Four observed spectrum lines in titanium-containing tokamak discharges have been identified as follows: TiXIV 2s 2 2p 5 2 P/sub 1/2/ → 2 P/sub 3/2/ at 2115.3 A, TiXV 2s 2 2p 4 3P 1 → 3 P 2 at 2544.8 A, TiXVII 2s 2 2p 2 3 P 2 → 3 P 1 at 3834.4 A and 3 P 1 → 3 P 0 at 3371.5 A. The identifications are based on observed time behavior and correlation with intensities of resonance lines of other titanium ions, and on general agreement with predicted wavelengths and intensities

  14. The Paris Agreement: resolving the inconsistency between global goals and national contributions

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Höhne, Niklas; Kuramochi, Takeshi; Warnecke, Carsten; Röser, Frauke; Fekete, Hanna; Hagemann, Markus; Day, Thomas; Tewari, Ritika; Kurdziel, Marie; Sterl, Sebastian; Gonzales, Sofia

    2017-01-01

    The adoption of the Paris Agreement in December 2015 moved the world a step closer to avoiding dangerous climate change. The aggregated individual intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) are not yet sufficient to be consistent with the long-term goals of the agreement of ‘holding the

  15. The Paris Agreement : resolving the inconsistency between global goals and national contributions

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Höhne, Niklas; Kuramochi, Takeshi|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/304838683; Warnecke, Carsten; Röser, Frauke; Fekete, Hanna; Hagemann, Markus|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/374023557; Day, Thomas; Tewari, Ritika; Kurdziel, Marie; Sterl, Sebastian; Gonzales, Sofia

    2017-01-01

    The adoption of the Paris Agreement in December 2015 moved the world a step closer to avoiding dangerous climate change. The aggregated individual intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) are not yet sufficient to be consistent with the long-term goals of the agreement of ‘holding the

  16. Azpiazu, Daniel, La concentración en la industria argentina a principios del siglo XXI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Jerez

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Azpiazu, Daniel, La concentración en la industria argentina a principios del siglo XXI, Buenos Aires, Cara o Ceca/Centro Cultural de la Cooperación Floreal Gorini/Editorial Atuel, 2011 (148 págs.

  17. The Vega of Granada in the late Middle Ages (XIV-XVI Centuries: almunias versus alquerías

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Trillo San José

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Peri-urban areas of cities in Al-Andalus was a very diverse rural habitat. Aristocratic property was present in these environments and has received little attention. Indeed, we know very little about the elites of Al-Andalus in comparison to those of other western medieval countries. In this study we have examined the hinterland of the city of Granada during the Naṣrid era (XIV-XV centuries, paying special attention to two features of the distribution of its population: alquerías (villages, settlements of the rural community par excellence, and almunias or aristocatic estates.

  18. Is Marc-Antoine Jullien De Paris the "Father" of Comparative Education?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Epstein, Erwin H.

    2017-01-01

    More than any other historical figure, Marc-Antoine Jullien of Paris has been considered the "Father" of Comparative Education, and his "Esquisse d'un ouvrage sur l'éducation compare", appearing in 1816-17, has been viewed as that field's originating source. Yet, the view that Jullien is the first in his field, and that his…

  19. A separable approximation of the NN-Paris-potential in the framework of the Bethe-Salpeter equation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schwarz, K.; Haidenbauer, J.; Froehlich, J.

    1985-09-01

    The Bethe-Salpeter equation is solved with a separable kernel for the most important nucleon-nucleon partial wave states. We employ the Ernst Shakin-Thaler method in the framework of minimal relativity (Blankenbeckler-Sugar equation) to generate a separable representation of the meson-theoretical Paris potential. These separable interactions, which closely approximate the on-shell- and half-off-shell behaviour of the Paris potential, are then cast into a covariant form for application in the Bethe-Salpeter equation. The role of relativistic effects is discussed with respect to on-shell and off-shell properties of the NN-system. (Author)

  20. La Poética del "pathos" en la iconografía de la pintura mejicana del siglo XX

    OpenAIRE

    Medina Prado, Rebeca

    2007-01-01

    [spa] En este trabajo se investiga la "Poética del Pathos en la iconografía de la pintura mexicana del siglo XX". Uno de los motivos de dicha investigación ha sido la enorme expectación que se creó en México en la década de los años veinte del siglo XX frente al renacimiento artístico de la pintura mural y de caballete, creada bajo el patrocinio del Gobierno de México. El Ministro de Educación José Vasconcelos convocó a los pintores que se encontraban en Europa o Estados Unidos de Norteaméric...

  1. Poética del "pathos" en la iconografía de la pintura mejicana del siglo XX, La

    OpenAIRE

    Medina Prado, Rebeca

    2007-01-01

    En este trabajo se investiga la "Poética del Pathos en la iconografía de la pintura mexicana del siglo XX". Uno de los motivos de dicha investigación ha sido la enorme expectación que se creó en México en la década de los años veinte del siglo XX frente al renacimiento artístico de la pintura mural y de caballete, creada bajo el patrocinio del Gobierno de México. El Ministro de Educación José Vasconcelos convocó a los pintores que se encontraban en Europa o Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, par...

  2. Las Humanidades del siglo XXI en Argentina: desafíos y nuevas fronteras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Paula Cicogna

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Las Ciencias Humanas en Argentina tienen una historia de casi 120 años; a partir de la inauguración de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, en 1896, las Humanidades se convierten en parte del currículo en la Universidad y de la formación de los futuros graduados de las escuelas secundarias. Después de un siglo, las Humanidades han recorrido distintas etapas de vida y hoy son aliadas del Buen Gobierno y de las TIC para dar cuenta de su vigencia. Este artículo busca repasar la trayectoria de las Ciencias Humanas en Argentina, y como estas se perfilan en esta segunda década del siglo XXI. Pero para hablar del hoy debemos remitirnos al pasado, para descubrir cómo nacieron las Humanidades en Argentina y conocer el camino que han recorrido, para luego poder vislumbrar cuál es el estado actual de su desarrollo y cuáles serán sus retos.

  3. Las Humanidades del siglo XXI en Argentina: desafíos y nuevas fronteras*

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Paula A. Cicogna

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Las Ciencias Humanas en Argentina tienen una historia de casi 120 años; a partir de la inauguración de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, en 1896, las Humanidades se convierten en parte del currículo en la Universidad y de la formación de los futuros graduados de las escuelas secundarias. Después de un siglo, las Humanidades han recorrido distintas etapas de vida y hoy son aliadas del Buen Gobierno y de las TIC para dar cuenta de su vigencia. Este artículo busca repasar la trayectoria de las Ciencias Humanas en Argentina, y como estas se perfilan en esta segunda década del siglo XXI. Pero para hablar del hoy debemos remitirnos al pasado, para descubrir cómo nacieron las Humanidades en Argentina y conocer el camino que han recorrido, para luego poder vislumbrar cuál es el estado actual de su desarrollo y cuáles serán sus retos.

  4. The withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement and its impact on global climate change governance

    OpenAIRE

    Yong-Xiang Zhang; Qing-Chen Chao; Qiu-Hong Zheng; Lei Huang

    2017-01-01

    The global community has prepared for the withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement since Donald Trump was elected as the president of the U.S. However, Trump's formal declaration of withdrawal still caused worldwide reaction. Trump will use the withdrawal to build his political reputation and to renegotiate the Paris Agreement despite its negative effects on the political credibility, international relationships, and potential long-term economic growth of the U.S. In general, the withd...

  5. Le Paris d’Hemingway : une question de style

    OpenAIRE

    Mallier, Clara

    2017-01-01

    Hemingway’s representation of Paris in The Sun Also Rises and A Moveable Feast has held many a reader in thrall. It steers clear of traditional description as the author prefers to "make" the city rather than "describe" it. This article analyzes Hemingway’s style in the light of this enigmatic aesthetic statement. The author’s idiosyncratic syntax tends to blur the semantic frontiers between juxtaposed words, and his use of repetition enhances the musicality of sentences, which constitutes th...

  6. Evolution of atmospheric radioactivity in Paris region. [In French

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Abribat, M; Pouradier, J; Venet, A M

    1953-01-01

    Daily measurements of radioactivity have shown the passage of many atomic clouds, and particularly the series of explosions in the US and Russia, while those in the Pacific and Australia have been identified in Milan. For the Australian explosion in October 1953, there was no radioactive increase in the air in the Paris region, while for the Pacific explosion there were measurable fluctuations but very feeble. For the Russian explosions in August 1954, the fluctuations were much greater than for the Pacific ones.

  7. Analyzing power in pp scattering at low energies: the Paris potential predictions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cote, J.; Pires, P.; Tourreil, R. de; Lacombe, M.; Loiseau, B.; Vinh Mau, R.

    1979-12-01

    Predictions of the Paris potential for the analyzing power in pp scattering at low energies are compared with recent high precision measurements at 6.14MeV and earlier measurements at 10 and 16MeV. Phase shift values are also presented and discussed in view of previous analyses

  8. Strontium 90 activity in drinking water of Paris area from 1963 to 1972

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jeanmaire, L.; Patti, F.; Gros, R.

    1976-01-01

    Strontium 90 was determined in drinking water of the Southern Paris area from 1963 to 1972. Activities usually below 1pCi/l were related to the Seine river flow and decreased with a half-life of about five years [fr

  9. Metabolic activity of Glomus intraradices in Arum- and Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van Aarle, IM; Cavagnaro, TR; Smith, SE; Dickson, S

    Colonization of two plant species by Glomus intraradices was studied to investigate the two morphological types (Arum and Paris), their symbiotic interfaces and metabolic activities. Root pieces and sections were stained to observe the colonization and metabolic activity of all mycorrhizal

  10. What Does It Mean to be Central? A Botanical Geography of Paris 1830-1848.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hoquet, Thierry

    2016-02-01

    This paper focuses on the geography of the botanical community in Paris, under the July Monarchy (1830-1848). At that time, the Muséum d'Histoire naturelle (MHN) was at its institutional acme and, under the impulse of François Guizot, its budget was increasing dramatically. However, closer attention to manuscript sources (correspondence, travel diaries) reveals that the botanists of the time favoured other private institutions, located both on the Right and Left Banks of the Seine. The MHN was prestigious for its collections and professors but it was relatively remote from the centre of Paris, and its plant samples were sometimes difficult to access. Several other first-class private herbaria granted liberal access to botanists: those of Jacques Gay, Phillip Barker Webb, and Benjamin Delessert. Thanks to their wealth, these plant amateurs had ownership of historical herbaria consisting of species types alongside rich botanical libraries. Botanists visiting Paris from foreign countries or other provinces of France also spent some time studying less general plant collections, like those of Count Jaubert, or specialized collections, like Montagne's or Léveillé's on cryptogams. Other botanists also enjoyed renown at the time, although they published little, if anything (like Maire). Living in crammed apartments, literally in the middle of their plant samples, these botanists were key nodes in botanical networks, although they had no relation with the prestigious MHN.

  11. La arquitectura de ladrillos del siglo XIX: Racionalidad y modernidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adell Argilés, Josep María

    1992-10-01

    Full Text Available The analysis of brick architectural works in Europe between the middle of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century shows that they already exploted the technical and formal material possibilities and they followed the constructive rationality tendency prevailing in the beginnings of the industrial era. These works reveal enough connections among themselves, so as to be able to assemble them under the common name of “19th Century Brick Architecture”, a name beyond nuances of style characteristic of each region or country. This article analyzes those most significant values of the Brick Architecture which allow it to be understood as a step towards modernity.

    El análisis de las obras de Arquitectura construidas con ladrillo en Europa, entre mediados del siglo XIX y principios del XX, demuestra que explotaban las posibilidades técnicas y formales del material, y seguían la corriente de racionalidad constructiva imperante en los inicios de la era industrial. Estas obras revelan suficientes conexiones entre sí, para poderlas agrupar bajo la denominación común de ''Arquitectura de Ladrillos del siglo XIX", por encima de matices estilísticos propios de cada región o país. En el artículo se analizan aquellos valores más significativos de la Arquitectura de Ladrillos, que permiten entenderla como un paso hacia la modernidad.

  12. Self-energy of the Δ-isobar in nuclear matter for the Paris and the Green-Niskanen-Sainio potentials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dey, J.; Abdul Matin, M.; Samanta, B.C.

    1985-11-01

    A coupled channel calculation, with the compensated Paris potential and the isobar transition potential due to Green, Niskanen and Sainio, yields the nucleon and isobar self-energies in nuclear matter. Unlike the Reid soft core, the Paris potential is found to bind the isobar at small momentum by a potential of the order of 10 MeV. The change in the binding energy and the wound integral in nuclear matter, due to the explicit treatment of isobar degrees of freedom, is small. (author)

  13. Food Insecurity in Homeless Families in the Paris Region (France: Results from the ENFAMS Survey

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Judith Martin-Fernandez

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available The number of families living in shelters in the Paris region (France has increased by a factor of three in 10 years. In 2013, a survey was performed on homeless families in order to characterize their living conditions, their health needs, and the developmental problems in children. This probability survey was conducted in 17 languages among 801 homeless families sheltered in emergency centers for asylum-seekers, emergency housing centers, social rehabilitation centers, and social hotels in the Paris region. Among the 772 families that provided data on food security only 14.0% were with food security, whereas 43.3% were with low food security and 9.8% with very low food security (a situation where children are also affected. Stratified multivariate robust Poisson models showed that some characteristics are associated with a higher risk of food insecurity and/or of falling into very low food security, such as residential instability, single parenthood, having more than three children, depressive symptoms, housing in social hostels, and difficult access to cheap or free food locally. Given the wealth of the Paris region, resources and programs should be concentrated on improving the living situation of this vulnerable population. It needs better detection of these families, a closer social follow-up, and an increase in food aid.

  14. Food Insecurity in Homeless Families in the Paris Region (France): Results from the ENFAMS Survey

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martin-Fernandez, Judith; Lioret, Sandrine; Vuillermoz, Cécile; Vandentorren, Stéphanie

    2018-01-01

    The number of families living in shelters in the Paris region (France) has increased by a factor of three in 10 years. In 2013, a survey was performed on homeless families in order to characterize their living conditions, their health needs, and the developmental problems in children. This probability survey was conducted in 17 languages among 801 homeless families sheltered in emergency centers for asylum-seekers, emergency housing centers, social rehabilitation centers, and social hotels in the Paris region. Among the 772 families that provided data on food security only 14.0% were with food security, whereas 43.3% were with low food security and 9.8% with very low food security (a situation where children are also affected). Stratified multivariate robust Poisson models showed that some characteristics are associated with a higher risk of food insecurity and/or of falling into very low food security, such as residential instability, single parenthood, having more than three children, depressive symptoms, housing in social hostels, and difficult access to cheap or free food locally. Given the wealth of the Paris region, resources and programs should be concentrated on improving the living situation of this vulnerable population. It needs better detection of these families, a closer social follow-up, and an increase in food aid. PMID:29495563

  15. Food Insecurity in Homeless Families in the Paris Region (France): Results from the ENFAMS Survey.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martin-Fernandez, Judith; Lioret, Sandrine; Vuillermoz, Cécile; Chauvin, Pierre; Vandentorren, Stéphanie

    2018-02-28

    The number of families living in shelters in the Paris region (France) has increased by a factor of three in 10 years. In 2013, a survey was performed on homeless families in order to characterize their living conditions, their health needs, and the developmental problems in children. This probability survey was conducted in 17 languages among 801 homeless families sheltered in emergency centers for asylum-seekers, emergency housing centers, social rehabilitation centers, and social hotels in the Paris region. Among the 772 families that provided data on food security only 14.0% were with food security, whereas 43.3% were with low food security and 9.8% with very low food security (a situation where children are also affected). Stratified multivariate robust Poisson models showed that some characteristics are associated with a higher risk of food insecurity and/or of falling into very low food security, such as residential instability, single parenthood, having more than three children, depressive symptoms, housing in social hostels, and difficult access to cheap or free food locally. Given the wealth of the Paris region, resources and programs should be concentrated on improving the living situation of this vulnerable population. It needs better detection of these families, a closer social follow-up, and an increase in food aid.

  16. Montenegro on the Path to Paris MoU Accession: Towards Achieving a Sustainable Shipping Industry

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jelena Nikcevic

    2018-06-01

    Full Text Available In order to ensure the sustainability of the shipping industry and marine ecosystem of Montenegro, it is necessary that Montenegro becomes a full member of the Paris Memorandum of Understanding (Paris MoU on Port State Control. The reasons for doing so are numerous: the full adoption of standards stipulated by the Memorandum in relation to ship control; continuously keeping pace with, and development of, new standards in compliance with turbulent changes in the maritime industry and operation (including the increasing scope of maritime transport; the decrease in the number of detained ships which meet the requirements stipulated in international Conventions and the elimination of substandard ships in perspective; and the prevention of environmental pollution, and sea and port incidents. This justified endeavour is supported by the fact that Montenegro is one of two countries in Europe that are not full members of the Paris MoU. Additionally, in this context it is necessary to emphasise the fact that the marine ecosystem of Montenegro is an integral part of the world ocean. Accordingly, the improvement of the quality of national legislation which is compliant with international requirements is an imperative which has positive implications on regional and global sustainability.

  17. Municipio y mercado en el Aragón moderno : el abasto de carne en Zaragoza (siglos XVI-XVII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Antonio Mateos Royo

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Estudio relativo a la política desarrollada por el Concejo de Zaragoza sobre el mercado de carne durante los siglos XVI y XVII. La prosperidad económica del reino de Aragón, la ciudad y municipio de Zaragoza durante el siglo XVI permitieron aumentar el control público sobre las transacciones de carne para asegurar a la población un suministro suficiente, así como sustentar la demanda local. Sin embargo, el declive económico del reino de Aragón y el creciente endeudamiento municipal durante el siglo XVII obligaron a reducir la presencia pública en el mercado y la defensa de la demanda local en el mercado de carne. El reajuste de la política municipal promovió la paulatina integración del mercado aragonés, proceso que continuó en el siglo XVIII para afianzarse durante la crisis final del Antiguo Régimen.This paper studies municipal politics carried out by the Zaragoza city council concerning the meat market during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Economic prosperity in the kingdom of Aragón, Zaragoza city and council during the sixteenth century allowed to increase public control of meat transactions in order to supply efficiently the population, as well as to support local demand. However, economic decline of the kingdom and raising municipal indebtedness during the seventeenth century led to reduce public intervention and support of local demand on the meat market. Readjustment of municipal politics gradually promoted the integration of the market in Aragón. This process continued during the eighteenth century and became firmly established during the final crisis of the "Ancien Régime".

  18. Municipio y mercado en el Aragón moderno : el abasto de trigo en Zaragoza (siglos XVI-XVII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Antonio Mateos Royo

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Estudio relativo a la política desarrollada por el Concejo de Zaragoza sobre el comercio de cereal durante los siglos XVI y XVII. La prosperidad económica del reino de Aragón, la ciudad y municipio de Zaragoza durante el siglo XVI permitieron aumentar el control público sobre el mercado de cereal para asegurar a la población un suministro suficiente, así como sustentar la demanda local. Sin embargo, el declive económico del reino de Aragón y el creciente endeudamiento municipal durante el siglo XVII obligaron a reducir la intervención y defensa pública de la demanda local en el mercado de cereal. El reajuste de la política municipal promovió la paulatina integración del mercado aragonés, proceso que continuó en el siglo XVIII para afianzarse durante la crisis final del Antiguo Régimen.This paper studies municipal politics carried out by the Zaragoza city council concerning the cereal trade during tfie sixteenthi and seventeenth centuries. Economic prosperity in the kingdom of Aragón, Zaragoza city and council during the sixteenth century allowed to increase public control of cereal transactions in order to supply efficiently the population, as well as to support local demand. However, economic decline of the kingdom and raising municipal indebtedness during the seventeenth century led to reduce public intervention and support of local demand on the cereal market. Readjustment of municipal politics gradually prometed the integration of the market in Aragón. This process continued during the eighteenth century and became firmly established during the final crisis of the «Ancien Régime».

  19. El castillo de Portilla (Zambrana, Álava: Origen y significado de una fortaleza plenomedieval en territorio alavés (siglos XI-XII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jose Luis Solaun Bustinza, Agustín Azkarate Garai-Olaun

    2016-01-01

    Las recientes investigaciones arqueológicas efectuadas en esta fortaleza han permitido conocer mejor su origen y significado. Las evidencias apuntan a que la actual fortaleza, construida entre principios del siglo XI y mediados del siglo XII, estuvo bajo titularidad real, aunque fue gestionada por importantes aristocracias locales y regionales, siendo testigo de las complejas relaciones entre el poder público y privado y, obviamente, de la multiplicidad de funciones que esta fortaleza pudo desempeñar.

  20. Decree No. 33/77 of 11 March approving ratification of the Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy, signed in Paris on 29 July 1960 and amended by the Additional Protocol, signed in Paris on 29 January 1964

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1977-01-01

    This Decree, promulgated on 21 February 1977, approves ratification of the Paris Convention and reproduces the full text of the Convention in French, followed by its translation into Portuguese. The Paris Convention provides an exceptional nuclear liability system and its scope is limited to risks of an exceptional character for which common law rules and practice are not suitable. Under the Convention, liability is absolute, channelled onto the nuclear operator and limited in amount. (NEA) [fr

  1. Paris vs. Murchison: Impact of hydrothermal alteration on organic matter in CM chondrites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vinogradoff, V.; Le Guillou, C.; Bernard, S.; Binet, L.; Cartigny, P.; Brearley, A. J.; Remusat, L.

    2017-09-01

    Unravelling the origin of organic compounds that were accreted into asteroids requires better constraining the impact of asteroidal hydrothermal alteration on their isotopic signatures, molecular structures, and spatial distribution. Here, we conducted a multi-scale/multi-technique comparative study of the organic matter (OM) from two CM chondrites (that originate from the same parent body or from identical parent bodies that accreted the same mixture of precursors) and underwent a different degree of hydrothermal alteration: Paris (a weakly altered CM chondrite - CM 2.8) and Murchison (a more altered one - CM 2.5). The Paris insoluble organic matter (IOM) shows a higher aliphatic/aromatic carbon ratio, a higher radical abundance and a lower oxygen content than the Murchison IOM. Analysis of the OM in situ shows that two texturally distinct populations of organic compounds are present within the Paris matrix: sub-micrometric individual OM particles and diffuse OM finely distributed within phyllosilicates and amorphous silicates. These results indicate that hydrothermal alteration on the CM parent body induced aromatization and oxidation of the IOM, as well as a decrease in radical and nitrogen contents. Some of these observations were also reported by studies of variably altered fragment of Tagish Lake (C2), although the hydrothermal alteration of the OM in Tagish Lake was apparently much more severe. Finally, comparison with data available in the literature suggests that the parent bodies of other chondrite petrologic groups could have accreted a mixture of organic precursors different from that accreted by the parent body of CMs.

  2. Inaptos de oro: figuraciones del otro en el teatro portugués del siglo XVI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Camões

    2018-06-01

    Full Text Available Las figuraciones de etnias minoritarias marginalizadas han sido una presencia constante en el teatro portugués del siglo XVI. Se analizan casos concretos que muestran como el teatro estrecha las márgenes, integrando en el universo ficcional la realidad cotidiana.

  3. Grupos de poder, familia e Iglesia en Gran Canaria en el Siglo XVII: el clero femenino

    OpenAIRE

    Alemán Ruiz, Esteban

    1996-01-01

    [ES] Estudio del clero regular femenino en la isla de Gran Canaria en el siglo XVII, desde la perspectiva de las estrategias familiares y de los grupos de poder de la sociedad isleña en aquella centuria.

  4. Rebound policy in the Paris Agreement: instrument comparison and climate-club revenue offsets

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van den Bergh, J.C.J.M.

    2017-01-01

    Rebound is given scant attention in both IPCC documents and UNFCCC climate summits, where climate agreements are negotiated. This article argues that without an international climate treaty, or with a soft treaty in the form of voluntary pledges, as characterizes the recent Paris climate agreement,

  5. Wintertime aerosol chemical composition and source apportionment of the organic fraction in the metropolitan area of Paris

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Crippa

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available The effect of a post-industrial megacity on local and regional air quality was assessed via a month-long field measurement campaign in the Paris metropolitan area during winter 2010. Here we present source apportionment results from three aerosol mass spectrometers and two aethalometers deployed at three measurement stations within the Paris region. Submicron aerosol composition is dominated by the organic fraction (30–36% and nitrate (28–29%, with lower contributions from sulfate (14–16%, ammonium (12–14% and black carbon (7–13%.

    Organic source apportionment was performed using positive matrix factorization, resulting in a set of organic factors corresponding both to primary emission sources and secondary production. The dominant primary sources are traffic (11–15% of organic mass, biomass burning (13–15% and cooking (up to 35% during meal hours. Secondary organic aerosol contributes more than 50% to the total organic mass and includes a highly oxidized factor from indeterminate and/or diverse sources and a less oxidized factor related to wood burning emissions. Black carbon was apportioned to traffic and wood burning sources using a model based on wavelength-dependent light absorption of these two combustion sources. The time series of organic and black carbon factors from related sources were strongly correlated. The similarities in aerosol composition, total mass and temporal variation between the three sites suggest that particulate pollution in Paris is dominated by regional factors, and that the emissions from Paris itself have a relatively low impact on its surroundings.

  6. Paris, "enfer" or "paradis"? On Gérard de Nerval's "cercles inextricables"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luca Costantin

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available The city of Paris constituted the scenario in which Gérard de Nerval grew up both personally and artistically. He passed his life in the city and recounted his experience there, transfering to his books a true melange of the sensory and experiential. A fundamental characteristic of his writing, and, more generally, of his method of thinking about the work of writing,was that he did not write of himself or of conventional space and time, but rather he investigated a much more complex universe, composed of a spiritual and psychological space, often mysterious and subjective. The consequent reality is a constant metamorphasis that demonstrates the imprint of Nerval’s internal world, and the myths and archetypes that populate his dreams; his vision of an alternative reality. Paris changes because Nerval himself changes, both internally and along with the city: light and music in the happy years he passed in his apartment on Doyenne street in the company of his bohemian friends, and darkness and claustrophobia in the pages of Aurélia, when the city described by Gerard was full of insurmountable anxiety and muted solitude.

  7. Contribuciones al estudiode los anfibios y reptiles de Méxicodurante el siglo XVIII y la Ilustración

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Casas Andreu

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Las bases de la herpetología moderna en general se establecieron en el siglo XVIII,particularmente durante la Ilustración y quienes hicieron la mayor contribución fueronfundamentalmente los naturalistas franceses. No obstante, en México se hicieron varias publicacionesde cierto relieve, en especial por los misioneros jesuitas y otros estudiosos de la Nueva España. Esinteresante mencionar que aun con la trascendencia de Linneo para la biología moderna, algunoshistoriadores de los anfibios y los reptiles señalan que por lo menos para la herpetofauna de Méxicoexistió una importante regresión, ya que era mucho mayor el conocimiento que había dejadoFrancisco Hernández en el siglo XVI. Las contribuciones de los autores de la escuela francesa comoBuffon y quienes lo sucedieron como Lacepéde y Daudin, fueron los grandes pilares de laherpetología o estudios de los anfibios y los reptiles de la manera en que la conocemos en laactualidad. Las bases establecidas en el siglo XVIII sirvieron para que con la apertura de México almundo a partir de su independencia, se entrara en una de las etapas de mayor relevancia para laherpetología del país.

  8. EN CHILE EN EL SIGLO XIX: UNA APROXIMACIÓN HISTÓRICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moyra Castro Paredes

    2010-01-01

    las secuelas de la presencia hispana y el itinerario del siglo XIX, ligado a la organización del país y al desempeño de los gobiernos subnacionales. El texto finaliza con algunas reflexiones que contribuyen a la memoria educativa, no sólo para profundizar derroteros y eventuales restricciones, sino para aprovechar su trayectoria -educación y gobiernos locales- que otorga coherencia y significación a la cuestión educativa-local del presente.

  9. Implications of possible interpretations of 'greenhouse gas balance' in the Paris Agreement.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fuglestvedt, J; Rogelj, J; Millar, R J; Allen, M; Boucher, O; Cain, M; Forster, P M; Kriegler, E; Shindell, D

    2018-05-13

    The main goal of the Paris Agreement as stated in Article 2 is 'holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C'. Article 4 points to this long-term goal and the need to achieve 'balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases'. This statement on 'greenhouse gas balance' is subject to interpretation, and clarifications are needed to make it operational for national and international climate policies. We study possible interpretations from a scientific perspective and analyse their climatic implications. We clarify how the implications for individual gases depend on the metrics used to relate them. We show that the way in which balance is interpreted, achieved and maintained influences temperature outcomes. Achieving and maintaining net-zero CO 2 -equivalent emissions conventionally calculated using GWP 100 (100-year global warming potential) and including substantial positive contributions from short-lived climate-forcing agents such as methane would result in a sustained decline in global temperature. A modified approach to the use of GWP 100 (that equates constant emissions of short-lived climate forcers with zero sustained emission of CO 2 ) results in global temperatures remaining approximately constant once net-zero CO 2 -equivalent emissions are achieved and maintained. Our paper provides policymakers with an overview of issues and choices that are important to determine which approach is most appropriate in the context of the Paris Agreement.This article is part of the theme issue 'The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels'. © 2018 The Authors.

  10. The contribution of Paris to limit global warming to 2 °C

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Iyer, Gokul C.; Edmonds, James A.; Fawcett, Allen A.; Hultman, Nathan E.; Alsalam, Jameel; Asrar, Ghassem R.; Calvin, Katherine V.; Clarke, Leon E.; Creason, Jared; Jeong, Minji; Kyle, Page; McFarland, James; Mundra, Anupriya; Patel, Pralit; Shi, Wenjing; McJeon, Haewon C.

    2015-11-24

    International negotiators have clearly articulated a goal to limit global warming to 2°C. In preparation for the 21st Conference of Parties (COP21) in Paris in December 2015, countries are submitting their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change indicating their emissions reduction commitments through 2025 or 2030. Limiting global warming to 2°C is a challenging goal and will entail a dramatic transformation of the global energy system, largely complete by 2040. The deliberations in Paris will help determine the balance of challenges faced in the near-term and long-term. We use GCAM, a global integrated assessment model, to analyze the energy and economic-cost implications of INDCs. The INDCs imply near-term actions that reduce the level of mitigation needed in the post-2030 period, particularly when compared with an alternative path, in which nations are unable to undertake emissions mitigation until after 2030. We find that the latter case could require up to 2300 GW of premature retirements of fossil fuel power plants and up to 2900 GW of additional low-carbon power capacity installations within a five-year period of 2031 to 2035. INDCs have the effect of reducing premature retirements and new-capacity installations after 2030 by 50% and 34% respectively. However, if presently announced INDCs were strengthened to achieve greater near-term emissions mitigation, the 2031-2035 transformation could be tempered to require 84% fewer premature retirements of power generation capacity and 56% fewer new-capacity additions. Our results suggest that the ensuing COP21 in Paris will be critical in shaping the challenges of limiting global warming to 2°C.

  11. Implications of possible interpretations of `greenhouse gas balance' in the Paris Agreement

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fuglestvedt, J.; Rogelj, J.; Millar, R. J.; Allen, M.; Boucher, O.; Cain, M.; Forster, P. M.; Kriegler, E.; Shindell, D.

    2018-05-01

    The main goal of the Paris Agreement as stated in Article 2 is `holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C'. Article 4 points to this long-term goal and the need to achieve `balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases'. This statement on `greenhouse gas balance' is subject to interpretation, and clarifications are needed to make it operational for national and international climate policies. We study possible interpretations from a scientific perspective and analyse their climatic implications. We clarify how the implications for individual gases depend on the metrics used to relate them. We show that the way in which balance is interpreted, achieved and maintained influences temperature outcomes. Achieving and maintaining net-zero CO2-equivalent emissions conventionally calculated using GWP100 (100-year global warming potential) and including substantial positive contributions from short-lived climate-forcing agents such as methane would result in a sustained decline in global temperature. A modified approach to the use of GWP100 (that equates constant emissions of short-lived climate forcers with zero sustained emission of CO2) results in global temperatures remaining approximately constant once net-zero CO2-equivalent emissions are achieved and maintained. Our paper provides policymakers with an overview of issues and choices that are important to determine which approach is most appropriate in the context of the Paris Agreement. This article is part of the theme issue `The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels'.

  12. Introducción y aplicaciones de la energía hidráulica en la siderurgia vasca, siglos XIII-XVII

    OpenAIRE

    Bilbao, Luis María

    1987-01-01

    Toda una constante tradición historiográfica sostuvo durante tiempo y con firmeza que la siderurgia vasca había introducido el empleo de la energía hidráulica en el proceso metalúrgico en pleno siglo XVI, con considerable retraso —nada menos que de tres a cuatro siglos— respecto a la siderometalurgia europea. Es cierto que a esta versión historiográfica no le faltaban bases arguméntales, cimentadas sobre el hecho de que durante dicho siglo se menciona a los "martillos de agua" como una innova...

  13. Recetas para la construcción nacional: la producción culinaria y la identidad en el siglo XIX colombiano

    OpenAIRE

    García-Mera, Laura Catalina

    2013-01-01

    A lo largo del siglo XIX, el proyecto de creación de nación incluyó varios elementos asociados a la cotidianidad y vida diaria de los habitantes de la república en construcción. La cocina como uno de estos elementos puesto en consideración, se construyó desde el imaginario de las élites masculinas, pero con la intervención directa del conocimiento femenino. Aunque la construcción de una identidad culinaria para el siglo XIX, fue un planteamiento femenino, se construyó basándose en el universo...

  14. El estilo "rasgueado" de la guitarra barroca y su influencia en la guitarra flamenca: fuentes escritas y musicales (siglo XVII)

    OpenAIRE

    Torres Cortés, Norberto

    2012-01-01

    En trabajos anteriores2 hemos podido ilustrar, utilizando fuentes musicológicas, iconográficas y escritas, cómo ha se ha producido el tránsito de la guitarra popular rasgueada a la guitarra flamenca en España, y particularmente en Andalucía, entre los siglos XVI al XIX. Uno de los periodos más interesantes que nutrirá los futuros toques y bailes flamencos lo tendremos en el siglo XVII y la práctica en toda Europa de la guitarra barroca “rasgueada” o “guitarra española”...

  15. Origin of the Societe des Americanistes, Paris

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David L. Browman

    1998-11-01

    Full Text Available Pascal Riviale (1991 produced a two volume dissertation summarizing the work of French scholars involved in anthropology, ethnography, and archaeology in Peru from the beginning of Peruvian independence in 1821 up until World War 1. From the commentary, it is clear that not only does this volume trace individual scholars, and institu­tions involved in archaeologically-related research, but it develops a number of general intellectual themes as well. Riviale has recently (1996 extracted a portion of his dissertation relating to the events leading up to the founding of the Society of Americanists, Paris, in 1895. Because he is focusing in this case on the origin of a specific organiza­tion, he concentrates on exegesis of the institutional antecedents from 1821 onward.

  16. Letter of the Synod of Paris (360/1 to eastern bishops

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zakharov Georgii

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available The Russian translation from Latin of the letter of the synod of Paris (360/1 to Eastern bishops which is included in Fragmenta historica of Hilarius of Poitiers is published for the first time. The text contains some important evidences on participation of Gallic bishops in the Arian controversy and also attests the high degree of consolidation of the local Churches in Gaul.

  17. Intense Particulate Pollution Events Observed with Lidar over the Paris Megalopolis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chazette, Patrick; Royer, Philippe

    2016-06-01

    The great particulate pollution event that affected the Paris Megalopolis in March 2014 was due to long-range transport from the northern-northeastern Europe. Although this phenomenon has appeared as exceptional in the media, this is not an exception and similar events have already been observed by lidar measurements. Here we will briefly describe and illustrate the origin of this intense pollution obviously harmful to health.

  18. Intense Particulate Pollution Events Observed with Lidar over the Paris Megalopolis

    OpenAIRE

    Chazette Patrick; Royer Philippe

    2016-01-01

    The great particulate pollution event that affected the Paris Megalopolis in March 2014 was due to long-range transport from the northern-northeastern Europe. Although this phenomenon has appeared as exceptional in the media, this is not an exception and similar events have already been observed by lidar measurements. Here we will briefly describe and illustrate the origin of this intense pollution obviously harmful to health.

  19. The withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement and its impact on global climate change governance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yong-Xiang Zhang

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The global community has prepared for the withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement since Donald Trump was elected as the president of the U.S. However, Trump's formal declaration of withdrawal still caused worldwide reaction. Trump will use the withdrawal to build his political reputation and to renegotiate the Paris Agreement despite its negative effects on the political credibility, international relationships, and potential long-term economic growth of the U.S. In general, the withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement will not change the development of low-carbon technologies and the transformation trend of the global climate governance regime. However, the long-term goals and international cooperation on climate change will be affected by budget cuts in American climate change research and the cancelation of donations from the multilateral environmental fund of the U.S. If the Paris Agreement is renegotiated, the common but differentiated principle of responsibility of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change will be challenged again. Nevertheless, climate change governance remains a main theme of future sustainable development. Instead of national governments, local governments and non-governmental organizations will develop strategies for technical innovation and emphasize pragmatic cooperation, thus expanding their roles in climate change governance. The capacity building on climate change research and public awareness should be enhanced as a long-term objective of global climate change governance.

  20. Liberales, protestantes y masones, modernidad y tolerancia religiosa. Perú, siglo XIX. [Reseña

    OpenAIRE

    Cuesta-Alonso, M.R. (Marcelino R.)

    1999-01-01

    Reseña de: Fernando ARMAS ASÍN, Liberales, protestantes y masones, modernidad y tolerancia religiosa. Perú, siglo XIX, Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos «Bartolomé de las Casas» - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Cusco (Perú) 1998, 298 pp.

  1. LITERATURA, FOTOGRAFIA E O RETRATO DA MODERNIZAÇÃO DE PARIS, A CAPITAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Fabris

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available This article intends to discuss the relationship between literature and photography regarding the processes of modernization which take place in Paris in the 19th century, commenting on the artistic-photographic production of Eugène Atget and the Naturalism of Émile Zola.

  2. Apogeo y decadencia del ideal de la inmigración europea en Colombia, siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frédéric Martínez

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available El sueño de una inmigración europea, concebido como instrumento de modernización de la sociedad, figura sin duda entre los rasgos comunes de la cultura política hispanoamericana del siglo XIX; por lo tanto, Colombia se diferencia por su imposibilidad de transformar ese sueño en realidad. Más que la historia de un flujo de poblaciones, el tema de la inmigración en la Colombia del siglo XIX se da como una sucesión de leyes, proyectos, debates, análisis del fracaso, prevenciones. En esto, ofrece un observatorio privilegiado del imaginario de los grupos dirigentes en cuanto a la densidad "civilizadora", o al contrario " perturbadora", de una población europea importada: sin que haya recibido nunca flujos importantes de gentes, Colombia vivirá, casi con la misma intensidad que los otros países hispanoamericanos, el debate sobre los beneficios y los peligros de la inmigración.

  3. Probabilistic analysis of crack containing structures with the PARIS code

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brueckner-Foit, A.

    1987-10-01

    The basic features of the PARIS code which has been developed for the calculation of failure probabilities of crack containing structures are explained. An important issue in the reliability analysis of cracked components is the probabilistic leak-before-break behaviour. Formulae for the leak and break probabilities are derived and it is shown how a leak detection system influences the results. An example taken from nuclear applications illustrates the details of the probabilistic leak-before-break analysis. (orig.) [de

  4. 5th Paris-Princeton Lectures on Mathematical Finance

    CERN Document Server

    Benth, Fred Espen; Guasoni, Paolo; Manolarakis, Konstantinos; Muhle-Karbe, Johannes; Nee, Colm; Protter, Philip

    2013-01-01

    The current volume presents four chapters touching on some of the most important and modern areas of research in Mathematical Finance: asset price bubbles (by Philip Protter); energy markets (by Fred Espen Benth); investment under transaction costs (by Paolo Guasoni and Johannes Muhle-Karbe); and numerical methods for solving stochastic equations (by Dan Crisan, K. Manolarakis and C. Nee).The Paris-Princeton Lecture Notes on Mathematical Finance, of which this is the fifth volume, publish cutting-edge research in self-contained, expository articles from renowned specialists. The aim is to produce a series of articles that can serve as an introductory reference source for research in the field.

  5. Ius est idem quod dominium: Conrado Summenhart, Francisco de Vitoria y la conquista de América

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tellkamp, Jörg Alejandro

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se argumenta que la concepción que Francisco de Vitoria formula acerca de la Conquista de América se basa en nociones que provienen de varias fuentes de los siglos XIV y XV. Una de las más importantes es el Opus septipertitum de contractibus del teólogo alemán Conrado Summenhart a quien Vitoria cita con frecuencia. Al contrastar ambos autores se pone en evidencia que la bases terminológicas para asir los problemas relacionados con el derecho a la propiedad, el dominio, surge en buena parte del debate del maestro salmantino con Summenhart

  6. La Educación en Enfermeria, un reto necesario para el siglo XXI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luz Marina Bautista-Rodriguez

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available La sociedad contemporánea se ve influenciada por los cambios que en el ámbito económico, de salud, socio-cultural y de educación se vienen presentando. El nuevo siglo motiva a reflexionar lo que se ha logrado como profesionales de enfermería y, desde esta realidad, enfocar el futuro hacia mejorar o cambiar la formación, que contribuya a la consecución de un mejor nivel de salud y calidad de vida de las poblaciones. Enfermería es la única profesión del área de la salud que está presente en todos los escenarios de los diferentes niveles de atención, situación que la hace una profesión con una visión trascendente. El presente artículo plantea de manera general el contexto que fundamenta la necesidad de formación y capacitación en los profesionales de enfermería como un desafío para el siglo XXI, que requiere del desarrollo de competencias determinadas desde lo personal y lo profesional.

  7. La esperanza de vida en la ciudad de México (siglos XVI al XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lourdes Márquez Morfín

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Se contrastan los diferentes escenarios demográficos construidos a partir del análisis de varias series osteológicas procedentes de la ciudad de México cuya temporalidad corresponde a los siglos xvii al xix, conformada por criollos, mestizos e indígenas; y otra procedente de un área rural fechada en el siglo xvi, en Xochimilco, de composición eminentemente indígena. La técnica paleodemográfica permite obtener perfiles demográficos específicos para cada serie que se comparan y discuten con la información histórica disponible para la ciudad de México. Los resultados de las series urbanas y la rural, describen poblaciones con bajas esperanzas de vida, escasa sobrevivencia hacia las edades adultas y una alta mortalidad infantil producto de las condiciones sanitarias, de la pobreza y de la violencia, teniendo como telón de fondo grandes cambios sociales y económicos, además de crisis demográficas epidémicas y hambre.

  8. Small-area spatiotemporal analysis of heatwave impacts on elderly mortality in Paris: A cluster analysis approach.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benmarhnia, Tarik; Kihal-Talantikite, Wahida; Ragettli, Martina S; Deguen, Séverine

    2017-08-15

    Heat-waves have a substantial public health burden. Understanding spatial heterogeneity at a fine spatial scale in relation to heat and related mortality is central to target interventions towards vulnerable communities. To determine the spatial variability of heat-wave-related mortality risk among elderly in Paris, France at the census block level. We also aimed to assess area-level social and environmental determinants of high mortality risk within Paris. We used daily mortality data from 2004 to 2009 among people aged >65 at the French census block level within Paris. We used two heat wave days' definitions that were compared to non-heat wave days. A Bernoulli cluster analysis method was applied to identify high risk clusters of mortality during heat waves. We performed random effects meta-regression analyses to investigate factors associated with the magnitude of the mortality risk. The spatial approach revealed a spatial aggregation of death cases during heat wave days. We found that small scale chronic PM 10 exposure was associated with a 0.02 (95% CI: 0.001; 0.045) increase of the risk of dying during a heat wave episode. We also found a positive association with the percentage of foreigners and the percentage of labor force, while the proportion of elderly people living in the neighborhood was negatively associated. We also found that green space density had a protective effect and inversely that the density of constructed feature increased the risk of dying during a heat wave episode. We showed that a spatial variation in terms of heat-related vulnerability exists within Paris and that it can be explained by some contextual factors. This study can be useful for designing interventions targeting more vulnerable areas and reduce the burden of heat waves. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. Fine structure transitions in Fe XIV

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nahar, Sultana N.

    2013-07-01

    Results are reported for Fe XIV energy levels and transitions obtained from the ab initio relativistic Breit-Pauli R-matrix (BPRM) method. BPRM method developed under the Iron Project is capable of calculating very large number of fine structure energy levels and corresponding transitions. However, unlike in the atomic structure calculations, where levels are identified spectroscopically based on the leading percentage contributions of configurations, BPRM is incapable of such identification of the levels and hence the transitions. The main reason for it is that the percentage contributions can not be determined exactly from the large number of channels in the R-matrix space. The present report describes an identification method that uses considerations of quantum defects of channels, contributions of channel from outer regions, Hund's rule, and angular momenta algebra for addition and completeness of fine structure components. The present calculations are carried out using a close coupling wave function expansion that included 26 core excitations from configurations 2s22p63s2, 2s22p63s3p,2s22p63p2,2s22p63s3d, and 2s22p63p3d. A total of 1002 fine structure levels with n ⩽ 10, l⩽9, and 0.5 ⩽J⩽ 9.5 with even and odd parities and the corresponding 130,520 electric dipole allowed (E1) fine structure transitions, a most complete set for astrophysical modelings of spectral analysis and opacities, is presented. Large number of new energy levels are found and identified. The energies agree very well, mostly in less than 1% with the highest being 1.9%, with the 68 observed fine structure levels. While the high lying levels may have some uncertainty, an overall accuracy of energy levels should be within 10%. BPRM transitions have been benchmarked with the existing most accurate calculated transition probabilities with very good agreement for most cases. Based on the accuracy of the method and comparisons, most of the transitions can be rated with A (⩽10%) to C (

  10. Bill project authorizing the ratification of the Paris agreement adopted on the 12 December 2015 - Nr 3719. Impact study. Opinion on the behalf of the Commission for sustainable development and land planning on the bill project, after initiation of the accelerated procedure authorizing the ratification of the Paris agreement adopted on the 12 December 2015 (nr 3719) - Nr 3733

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Valls, Manuel; Ayrault, Jean-Marc; Royal, Segolene; Chanteguet, Jean-Paul

    2016-01-01

    After having discussed the context of the adoption of the Paris agreement at the end of the COP21 (content and results of previous conferences), this report comments and discusses the content, structure and scope of this Paris agreement (discussion of article contents), and then presents the text of the bill project. A second part addresses the issue of the impact study. It also recalls the context created by the different conferences, the objectives of the Paris agreement, the estimated economic, financial, social, environmental, legal (at the French and European levels), and administrative consequences of the implementation of the Paris agreement. It recalls the history of negotiations of the different COPs, briefly indicates the status of ratification. The third part states the opinion of the Commission. It evokes the difficulties of negotiations after the failure in Kyoto, and outlines that the Paris agreement is ambitious and has an unprecedented support. It also outlines the emergency of action, the responsibilities of States, the consolidation of the solution agenda, and the necessary commitment of citizens. Commission discussions are reported

  11. Determination of Paris' law constants and crack length evolution via Extended and Unscented Kalman filter: An application to aircraft fuselage panels

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Yiwei; Binaud, Nicolas; Gogu, Christian; Bes, Christian; Fu, Jian

    2016-12-01

    Prediction of fatigue crack length in aircraft fuselage panels is one of the key issues for aircraft structural safety since it helps prevent catastrophic failures. Accurate estimation of crack length propagation is also meaningful for helping develop aircraft maintenance strategies. Paris' law is often used to capture the dynamics of fatigue crack propagation in metallic material. However, uncertainties are often present in the crack growth model, measured crack size and pressure differential in each flight and need to be accounted for accurate prediction. The aim of this paper is to estimate the two unknown Paris' law constants m and C as well as the crack length evolution by taking into account these uncertainties. Due to the nonlinear nature of the Paris' law, we propose here an on-line estimation algorithm based on two widespread nonlinear filtering techniques, Extended Kalman filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The numerical experiments indicate that both EKF and UKF estimated the crack length well and accurately identified the unknown parameters. Although UKF is theoretical superior to EKF, in this Paris' law application EKF is comparable in accuracy to UKF and requires less computational expense.

  12. Alkylphenolic compounds and bisphenol A contamination within a heavily urbanized area: case study of Paris.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cladière, Mathieu; Gasperi, Johnny; Lorgeoux, Catherine; Bonhomme, Céline; Rocher, Vincent; Tassin, Bruno

    2013-05-01

    This study evaluates the influence of a heavily urbanized area (Paris Metropolitan area), on receiving water contamination by both bisphenol A (BPA) and alkylphenol ethoxylate (APE) biodegradation product. The study began by investigating concentrations within urban sources. In addition to the more commonly studied wastewater treatment plant effluent, wet weather urban sources (including combined sewer overflows, urban runoff, and total atmospheric fallout) were considered. The initial results highlight a significant contamination of all urban sources (from a few nanograms per liter in atmospheric fallout to several micrograms per liter in the other sources) with clearly distinguishable distribution patterns. Secondly, concentration changes along the Seine River from upstream of the Paris Metropolitan area to downstream were investigated. While the concentrations of BPA and nonylphenoxy acetic acid (NP₁EC) increase substantially due to urban sources, the 4-nonylphenol concentrations remain homogeneous along the Seine. These results suggest a broad dissemination of 4-nonylphenol at the scale of the Seine River basin. Moreover, the relationship between pollutant concentrations and Seine River flow was assessed both upstream and downstream of the Paris conurbation. Consequently, a sharp decrease in dissolved NP1EC concentrations relative to Seine River flow underscores the influence of single-point urban pollution on Seine River contamination. Conversely, dissolved 4-nonylphenol concentrations serve to reinforce the hypothesis of its widespread presence at the Seine River basin scale.

  13. Remote damage control during the attacks on Paris: Lessons learned by the Paris Fire Brigade and evolutions in the rescue system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lesaffre, Xavier; Tourtier, Jean-Pierre; Violin, Yann; Frattini, Benoit; Rivet, Catherine; Stibbe, Olivier; Faure, Florian; Godefroy, Anne; Gallet, Jean-Claude; Ausset, Sylvain

    2017-06-01

    On November 13, 2015, in 40 minutes, Paris suffered four suicide bombers attacks; shootings at three different restaurant terraces; and an attack on the Bataclan concert hall, resulting in 130 dead and 495 wounded. How did the Parisian rescue system respond and how did it evolve since?We proved we could deploy quickly wide prehospital and hospital resources and teams' equipment and preparedness is being further developed. To secure a swifter initial response, we need a better integration of the operators of the rescue chain with a simpler and more robust organization as well as improved communications channels. We must continue to anticipate and prepare for possible future attacks.

  14. Treatment of unicameral bone cysts by curettage and packing with plaster-of-Paris pellets. 1978.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peltier, Leonard F; Jones, Richard H

    2004-05-01

    Long-term follow-up of twenty-six patients with unicameral bone cysts treated by curettage and packing with plaster-of-Paris pellets showed a recurrence in only two cases and no serious complications.

  15. Australia's Unprecedented Future Temperature Extremes Under Paris Limits to Warming

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lewis, Sophie C.; King, Andrew D.; Mitchell, Daniel M.

    2017-10-01

    Record-breaking temperatures can detrimentally impact ecosystems, infrastructure, and human health. Previous studies show that climate change has influenced some observed extremes, which are expected to become more frequent under enhanced future warming. Understanding the magnitude, as a well as frequency, of such future extremes is critical for limiting detrimental impacts. We focus on temperature changes in Australian regions, including over a major coral reef-building area, and assess the potential magnitude of future extreme temperatures under Paris Agreement global warming targets (1.5°C and 2°C). Under these limits to global mean warming, we determine a set of projected high-magnitude unprecedented Australian temperature extremes. These include extremes unexpected based on observational temperatures, including current record-breaking events. For example, while the difference in global-average warming during the hottest Australian summer and the 2°C Paris target is 1.1°C, extremes of 2.4°C above the observed summer record are simulated. This example represents a more than doubling of the magnitude of extremes, compared with global mean change, and such temperatures are unexpected based on the observed record alone. Projected extremes do not necessarily scale linearly with mean global warming, and this effect demonstrates the significant potential benefits of limiting warming to 1.5°C, compared to 2°C or warmer.

  16. Violencia en la sierra de Piura colonial durante el siglo XVIII*

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez-Flener, Milagros

    2015-01-01

    El tema de la violencia durante la época colonial generalmente ha sido estudiado en relación a levantamientos o rebeliones, pero no como tema aislado con contenido propio, es decir, en tanto violencia cotidiana. Jorge Pinto Rodríguez cita en su trabajo "La violencia en el corregimiento de Coquimbo durante el siglo xviii" algunos estudios para el caso chileno, mientras que en el Perú se cuenta tan solo con el estudio de Ward Stavig "Violencia cotidiana de los naturales de Quispicanchis, Canas ...

  17. Inmigración alemana en el sur de Chile, siglo XIX

    OpenAIRE

    Winkler, Lisette

    2009-01-01

    Presentación (en español) Durante aproximadamente un mes de trabajo de campo en Chile, Lisette Winkler (EScoM-FMSH) ha grabado una serie de entrevistas que les hizo a los descendientes de los colonos alemanes quienes se instalaron en los alrededores del lago Llanquihue en el siglo XIX. Los documentos audiovisuales fueron recopilados en dos aldeas del sur del país, Frutillar y Puerto Octay. Recogen tanto testimonios orales de los descendientes como tomas panorámicas de los paisajes del sur, qu...

  18. Sexismo en la publicidad gráfica del siglo XXI

    OpenAIRE

    Lesmes Fradejas, Yanire

    2014-01-01

    En la presente investigación se ha tratado el tema de la representación de la mujer estereotipada en la publicidad gráfica del siglo XXI. La publicidad hoy en día sigue teniendo rasgos sexistas y es lo que se ha querido demostrar mediante el análisis de varias gráficas debidamente clasificadas por categorías de productos donde la novedad recae sobre el análisis de publicidad con fines sociales y contra la violencia de género, encontrando en estas también signos de sexismo. Asimismo y bajo la ...

  19. Esclavitud en la Extremadura del siglo XVI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Antonio Ballesteros Díez

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available La presencia de esclavos durante el siglo XVI era un hecho tan generalizado en Extremadura como en el resto de Castilla. El conocimiento de este grupo social está diluido entre los marginados o los de ilegítimos, por lo que se hace una aproximación para establecer en distintos lugares de la región algunos datos cuantitativos que permitan medir su participación en el conjunto de la sociedad.The presence of slaves during the Sixteenth Century was a general fact both in Extremadura and in the rest of Castilla. The knowledge of this social group was diluted between the dropouts or the descendents of the illegitimate, therefore we are going to make an approach to establish in different places of the region some quantitative data which allow to measure their participation in the whole of the society.

  20. Assessing the ammonium nitrate formation regime in the Paris megacity and its representation in the CHIMERE model

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. Petetin

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Secondary inorganic compounds represent a major fraction of fine aerosol in the Paris megacity. The thermodynamics behind their formation is now relatively well constrained but, due to sparse direct measurements of their precursors (in particular NH3 and HNO3, uncertainties remain on their concentrations and variability as well as the formation regime of ammonium nitrate (in terms of limited species among NH3 and HNO3 in urban environments such as Paris. This study presents the first urban background measurements of both inorganic aerosol compounds and their gaseous precursors during several months within the city of Paris. Intense agriculture-related NH3 episodes are observed in spring/summer while HNO3 concentrations remain relatively low, even during summer, which leads to a NH3-rich regime in Paris. The local formation of ammonium nitrate within the city appears low, despite high NOx emissions. The data set also allows evaluating the CHIMERE chemistry-transport model (CTM. Interestingly, the rather good results obtained on ammonium nitrates hide significant errors on gaseous precursors (e.g., mean bias of −75 and +195 % for NH3 and HNO3, respectively. This leads to a misrepresentation of the nitrate formation regime through a highly underestimated gas ratio metric (introduced by Ansari and Pandis, 1998 and a much higher sensitivity of nitrate concentrations to ammonia changes. Several uncertainty sources are investigated, pointing out the importance of better assessing both NH3 agricultural emissions and OH concentrations in the future. These results remind us of the caution required when using of CTMs for emission scenario analysis, highlighting the importance of prior diagnostic and dynamic evaluations.

  1. Intense Particulate Pollution Events Observed with Lidar over the Paris Megalopolis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chazette Patrick

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The great particulate pollution event that affected the Paris Megalopolis in March 2014 was due to long-range transport from the northern-northeastern Europe. Although this phenomenon has appeared as exceptional in the media, this is not an exception and similar events have already been observed by lidar measurements. Here we will briefly describe and illustrate the origin of this intense pollution obviously harmful to health.

  2. [Inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism of total saponins from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis on the proliferation of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma ACC-83 cells].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Qiumin, He; Biao, Xu; Weihong, Wang; Chongyun, Bao; Shaowei, Hu

    2017-06-01

    To investigate the inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism of total saponins from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis on the proliferation of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma ACC-83 cells. In vitro cell culture was performed. The proliferation of ACC-83 cells treated with different concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 μg·mL⁻¹) of total saponins from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis was observed using CCK-8 assay. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of ACC-83 cells treated with different concentrations (25, 50, 100 μg·mL⁻¹) of the total saponins was observed using flow cytometry. The expression levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and CD74 were measured using Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The total saponins from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis induced apoptosis and expressed dose-effect relationship. ACC-83 cells expressed MIF and CD74, and the total saponins suppressed MIF and CD74 expression in ACC-83 cells. The total saponins from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis can significantly inhibit the proliferation, suppress MIF and CD74 expression, and promote apoptosis in ACC-83 cells. This study provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma using Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis.
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  3. A fractal analysis of the public transportation system of Paris

    OpenAIRE

    L Benguigui

    1995-01-01

    An analysis of the railway networks of the public transportation system of Paris, based on the notion of fractals, is presented. The two basic networks, (metropolitan and suburban) which have different functions, have also a different fractal dimension: 1.8 for the metropolitan network, and 1.5 for the suburban network. By means of computer simulation, it is concluded that the true dimension of the metro network is probably 2.0. A fractal model of the suburban network, with the same features ...

  4. Cuando el vino impregnó la isla de Mallorca: el comercio púnico-ebusitano y las comunidades locales durante la segunda mitad del siglo V y el siglo IV a.C.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernández-Gasch, Jordi

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available In this paper the concepts of colonialism and colonization applied to the Balearic Islands are discussed, concluding that their use is totally inappropriate. Published and unpublished data from archaeological excavations and surveys, are analyzed from both a quantitative and qualitative perspective. They show that some dynamics started in the 6th century BC and continued during the following centuries essentially with no changes, although during the 4th century an increase can be detected from a quantitative and somehow qualitative point of view in the arrival of foreign goods. Luxury ceramics remained attached to the coastal settlements establishing a diacritical difference between communities tied up to Punic traders and those inland. Mechanisms of exchange between different actors and feasible routes of trade are explored. The Carthaginian wars and the need for mercenaries were basically responsible for such a trade.En este artículo se discuten los conceptos colonialismo y colonización en relación a las Islas Baleares para concluir que es del todo inapropiado seguir refiriéndose al último. Se analizan datos procedentes de excavaciones y prospecciones arqueológicas, algunos inéditos hasta la fecha, desde un punto de vista cuantitativo y cualitativo. Estos datos muestran que las dinámicas iniciadas en el siglo VI a.C. continuaron en los siglos siguientes sin apenas cambios, aunque en el siglo IV, se produjo un incremento en la llegada de productos foráneos, desde un punto de vista cuantitativo y, en cierta medida, cualitativo también. La vajilla de lujo permaneció ligada a los asentamientos costeros, estableciéndose una diferencia diacrítica entre las comunidades ligadas a los comerciantes púnicos y las del interior. Se exploran también los mecanismos de intercambio entre diferentes actores y las posibles rutas seguidas. Las guerras cartaginesas y la necesidad de mercenarios fueron esencialmente responsables de este intercambio.

  5. Red portuaria y control marítimo en el reino de Valencia (siglos XIII-XV)

    OpenAIRE

    Igual Luis, David

    2013-01-01

    El trabajo aborda la progresiva creación de una red portuaria en el litoral valenciano de los siglos XIII-XV y, a partir de ella, el desarrollo de diversos instrumentos de control marítimo que atendían a principios políticos, legales, infraestructurales y hasta territoriales.

  6. Édit de mars 1667 créant la charge de lieutenant de police de Paris

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vincent Denis

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available L’édit de mars 1667 créant une charge de « lieutenant de police » à Paris est un document marquant dans l’histoire de la police à plus d’un titre (lire le texte.Le contexte de cette réforme est bien connu. Les disparitions successives du lieutenant criminel du Châtelet puis du lieutenant civil, Dreux d’Aubray, en 1665 et 1666, c’est-à-dire des deux plus importants magistrats du Châtelet de Paris, rendait possible une réforme de grande ampleur de la police dans la capitale. Une section du Con...

  7. Learning from CDM SD tool experience for Article 6.4 in the Paris Agreement

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Olsen, Karen Holm; Arens, Christof; Mersmann, Florian

    2017-01-01

    The Paris Agreement (PA) emphasizes the intrinsic relationship between climate change and sustainable development (SD) and welcomes the 2030 agenda for the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet, there is a lack of assessment approaches to ensure that climate and development goals...

  8. Calculations of antiproton-nucleus quasi-bound states using the Paris N bar N potential

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hrtánková, Jaroslava; Mareš, Jiří

    2018-01-01

    An optical potential constructed using the p bar N scattering amplitudes derived from the 2009 version of the Paris N bar N potential is applied in calculations of p bar quasi-bound states in selected nuclei across the periodic table. A proper self-consistent procedure for treating energy dependence of the amplitudes in a nucleus appears crucial for evaluating p bar binding energies and widths. Particular attention is paid to the role of P-wave amplitudes. While the P-wave potential nearly does not affect calculated p bar binding energies, it reduces considerably the corresponding widths. The Paris S-wave potential supplemented by a phenomenological P-wave term yields in dynamical calculations p bar binding energies Bpbar ≈ 200 MeV and widths Γpbar ∼ 200- 230 MeV, which is very close to the values obtained within the RMF model consistent with p bar -atom data.

  9. Esclavitud y ética comercial en el siglo XVI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jörg Alejandro Tellkamp

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available En varios tratados españoles del siglo XVI, la esclavitud como fenómeno social y comercial adquirió una importancia teórica cada vez mayor con respecto al estatus legal y moral de los seres humanos. El presente trabajo trata de esbozar algunos de los argumentos con respecto al comercio de esclavos y sus implicaciones morales y legales de acuerdo los autores Tomás de Mercado (1530-1576 y Bartolomé Frías de Albornoz (s. XVI, mostrando cómo la discusión se encaminó hacia la expresión de derechos individuales, sin, no obstante, superar el tradicional apego al concepto de esclavitud legal.

  10. Administración y moneda en el siglo IV

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel GARCÍA-FIGUEROLA

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: El presente artículo pretende reflejar el estado de la cuestión, en que se encuentra la investigación sobre la estructura administrativa construida en torno a la moneda, durante el siglo IV. El autor trata el tema a partir de las fuentes y la epigrafía, dejando constancia de las interpretaciones más destacables efectuadas hasta el momento.ABSTRACT: This paper deals with reflecting the state of the question of the investigation on the roman administrative structure about coinage in the 4th century ad. The author studies the subjet throught the written sources and epigraphif, making special attention to the most useful interpretations given until now.

  11. Siglo XXI: reto a la información

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luz Ángela Osorio Bernal

    2002-10-01

    Full Text Available En los inicios del siglo XXI, la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia debe abordar el reto de la educación en salud con una visión moderna y adecuada a las técnicas actuales de la informática y la comunicación. Esto sin desconocer nuestra trayectoria docente y profesional que es, precisamente, donde se encuentra nuestra mayor fortaleza. Es por ello, que la administración actual se ha empeñado en convocar a los docentes de las cinco carreras de nuestra facultad a producir un hipertexto propio, dentro las múltiples políticas tendientes a la actualización y producción del saber autóctono, en coordinación con el conocimiento universal.

  12. Los incas representados (Lima – siglo XVIII: ¿Supervivencia o renacimiento?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Perissat, Karine

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available At the beginning of the 18th Century the indigenous people of Lima were accorded permission to celebrate the Spanish kings in a segregated group. The criollo elites expected them to represent their old kings in the demostrations, thus taking part in the exaltation of the Peruvian history. The descriptions of the limeño festivities, which show that the costumes of the Incas in the masquerades were highly hibridisized and baroque, allow us to analyse the characteristics of the Inca renaissance in the 18th Century. The costume played a basic role in the rehabilitation of the old Peruvian kings in the Colonial society.

    Al principio del siglo XVIII, se les otorgó a los indios de Lima la posibilidad de festejar a los monarcas españoles en grupo aparte. De ellos se esperaba que representasen a sus antiguos monarcas en desfiles o mascaradas y participaran por consiguiente, animados por las elites criollas, en la exaltación de la historia peruana. Fuertemente mestizada y apropiada a los gustos barrocos, la indumentaria de los incas de las mascaradas descrita en las relaciones de fiestas limeñas nos permite analizar las características del renacimiento incaico del siglo XVIII y ver cómo la vestimenta desempañaba un papel fundamental en la rehabilitación de los antiguos monarcas peruanos en la sociedad colonial.

  13. NOGENT, just another power plant - but so close to Paris

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fournel, Brigitte

    1993-01-01

    54 PWR type production units are today operating in France. Between 1980 and 1981, 11 units were under construction including both Nogent PWR-1300 units. The increasing consumption in the lie de France region in the early eighties affected the choice of the site so close to Paris on the banks of the Seine, not more than 95 km from Notre Dame Cathedral. In February 1975, the Champagne-Ardenne Regional Council gave a favourable opinion to installation of a nuclear power plant in the Marne or Seine valley. The location of the plant thus offered an economic opportunity to a region in which second homes were growing at the expense of primary residences. The Nogent plant is not the only one to be situated close to a city. One of the major concerns was related to the fact that the power plant was located on the banks of the river supplying Paris with drinking water. The plant has a geographical location whose political and media implications are Parisian, and thus national. Therefore, the plant was equipped with a public information centre which opened on 1st January 1988, and which in general receives some 20 000 visitors annually. It is located outside the controlled areas of the plant and access is free to all visitors. It gives a permanent exhibition on nuclear power and the Nogent plant in particular. Its auditorium can seat 120 for conferences and films on all subjects concerning nuclear power. The construction of the Information Centre cost 6 million francs. The visitors mainly come from the Paris region : many teachers bring their classes to find out about our installations. The EDF Divisions bring many notable visitors : foreign ministers, captains of industry, and any foreign nuclear company on an information visit to France. The opposition to Nogent comes mainly from Paris, in 1979 of a Committee for nuclear alternatives called Stop-Nogent was established. 1982,1983,1984 and 1985 were marked by strong action and local disputes, reported in the press (sabotage

  14. NOGENT, just another power plant - but so close to Paris

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fournel, Brigitte [Electricite de France (France)

    1993-07-01

    54 PWR type production units are today operating in France. Between 1980 and 1981, 11 units were under construction including both Nogent PWR-1300 units. The increasing consumption in the lie de France region in the early eighties affected the choice of the site so close to Paris on the banks of the Seine, not more than 95 km from Notre Dame Cathedral. In February 1975, the Champagne-Ardenne Regional Council gave a favourable opinion to installation of a nuclear power plant in the Marne or Seine valley. The location of the plant thus offered an economic opportunity to a region in which second homes were growing at the expense of primary residences. The Nogent plant is not the only one to be situated close to a city. One of the major concerns was related to the fact that the power plant was located on the banks of the river supplying Paris with drinking water. The plant has a geographical location whose political and media implications are Parisian, and thus national. Therefore, the plant was equipped with a public information centre which opened on 1st January 1988, and which in general receives some 20 000 visitors annually. It is located outside the controlled areas of the plant and access is free to all visitors. It gives a permanent exhibition on nuclear power and the Nogent plant in particular. Its auditorium can seat 120 for conferences and films on all subjects concerning nuclear power. The construction of the Information Centre cost 6 million francs. The visitors mainly come from the Paris region : many teachers bring their classes to find out about our installations. The EDF Divisions bring many notable visitors : foreign ministers, captains of industry, and any foreign nuclear company on an information visit to France. The opposition to Nogent comes mainly from Paris, in 1979 of a Committee for nuclear alternatives called Stop-Nogent was established. 1982,1983,1984 and 1985 were marked by strong action and local disputes, reported in the press (sabotage

  15. Breve historia de la investigación sobre biología celular en la Universidad de Buenos Aires durante el siglo XX

    OpenAIRE

    Solari, Alberto Juan

    2017-01-01

    Las investigaciones científicas sobre Biología Celular (anteriormente llamada Citología) se desarrollaron vigorosamente durante el siglo XX en la Argentina y, en particular, en la UBA. Los vaivenes de dicho desarrollo, a su vez, muestran una interesante correlación con los fenómenos sociales que ocurrieron en el país en ese siglo. En la actualidad (año 2014) la investigación argentina en esta disciplina ya no ocupa, lamentablemente, un lugar tan distinguido como el que tuvo en cierto periodo ...

  16. Los anglicismos en la lengua española a través de la prensa de la primera mitad del siglo XIX

    OpenAIRE

    Vázquez Amador, María

    2014-01-01

    Aunque la lengua española ha estado influida por diversas lenguas a lo largo de su historia, desde finales del siglo XIX son los préstamos procedentes del inglés, los anglicismos, los que mayor impacto están teniendo en nuestro idioma. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un estudio descriptivo sobre los anglicismos en la lengua española a través de un corpus de periódicos publicados durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX. El objetivo es analizar los an...

  17. Formation of secondary organic aerosol in the Paris pollution plume and its impact on surrounding regions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Q. J.; Beekmann, M.; Freney, E.; Sellegri, K.; Pichon, J. M.; Schwarzenboeck, A.; Colomb, A.; Bourrianne, T.; Michoud, V.; Borbon, A.

    2015-12-01

    Secondary pollutants such as ozone, secondary inorganic aerosol, and secondary organic aerosol formed in the plumes of megacities can affect regional air quality. In the framework of the FP7/EU MEGAPOLI (Megacities: Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmospheric POLlution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation) project, an intensive campaign was launched in the greater Paris region in July 2009. The major objective was to quantify different sources of organic aerosol (OA) within a megacity and in its plume. In this study, we use airborne measurements aboard the French ATR-42 aircraft to evaluate the regional chemistry-transport model CHIMERE within and downwind of the Paris region. Two mechanisms of secondary OA (SOA) formation are used, both including SOA formation from oxidation and chemical aging of primary semivolatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds (SI-SOA) in the volatility basis set (VBS) framework. As for SOA formed from traditional VOC (volatile organic compound) precursors (traditional SOA), one applies chemical aging in the VBS framework adopting different SOA yields for high- and low-NOx environments, while another applies a single-step oxidation scheme without chemical aging. Two emission inventories are used for discussion of emission uncertainties. The slopes of the airborne OA levels versus Ox (i.e., O3 + NO2) show SOA formation normalized with respect to photochemical activity and are used for specific evaluation of the OA scheme in the model. The simulated slopes were overestimated slightly by factors of 1.1, 1.7 and 1.3 with respect to those observed for the three airborne measurements, when the most realistic "high-NOx" yields for traditional SOA formation in the VBS scheme are used in the model. In addition, these slopes are relatively stable from one day to another, which suggests that they are characteristic for the given megacity plume environment. The configuration with increased primary

  18. On the constitutive law of environment assisted fatigue: The physical meaning of the Paris type equations. Pt. 1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Krausz, K.; Wu Xijia; Krausz, A.S.; Lian Zhiwen

    1992-01-01

    Environment assisted fatigue crack growth is a complex of thermally activated processes. Accordingly, the framework for the expression of rational constitutive law is developed from fracture kinetics theory. The correlation of the constitutive law with the Paris equation is discussed and the empirical parameters in the Paris equation are expressed explicitly in terms of activation energy, stress intensity factor range, temperature, stress ratio, and other physically rigorous engineering quantities. The theory assures and facilitates, the rigorous quantitative evaluation of the effects of the microstructure: the constitutive law gives guidance to its measurement and expresses it in terms of energy-related quantities. (orig.) [de

  19. [Comparative study on specific chromatograms and main active components of wild and cultivated rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zan, Ke; Gao, Yu-Ming; Cui, Gan; Liu, Jie; Guo, Li-Nong; Zheng, Jian; Ma, Shuang-Cheng

    2017-08-01

    The present study is to compare specific chromatograms and main acitive components between wild and cultivated rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis by HPLC. HPLC analysis was performed on a Waters XSelect HSS T3 C₁₈ clumn (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (A)-water (B) at a flow rate of 1 mL•min⁻¹ (0-50 min,30%-50%A;50-80 min,50% A,80-85 min,50%-30%A;85-100 min,30% A). The detection wavelength was 203 nm and the column temperature was controlled at 30 ℃, and the injection volume was 10 μL. HPLC specific chromatograms of wild and cultivated rhizomes of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were established and nine steroidal saponins were simultaneously determined by the above method. The mean contents of paris saponin Ⅶ, paris saponin H and total average contents of four pennogenyl saponins in Rhizomes of wild samples were significantly higher than those of cultivated ones. However, this result is opposite from the average content of paris saponin Ⅰ and total average contents of five dioscins in the wild and cultivated samples. Because the significant differences occurred for the specific chromatograms and main active components between the wild and cultivated P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, much more pharmacological and clinical researches are therefore necessary. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

  20. En torno a la presión fiscal sobre las aljamas de judíos de Tarragona. Del pago de subsidios a la contribución en «coronatges» y «maridatges»

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Morelló Baget, Jordi

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available This article examines the taxing by the Crown of the Jewish communities of Tarragona during mid-14th century and then, again, from the late 14 th century to the expulsion decree. The first period that coincided with the emancipation of Tarragona from the collecta of Barcelona, saw the tax burden intensified by subsidies. The second period was limited to the payment of the so called “coronatges” and “maridatges” by setting low quotes, according with a long process of recovery, both demographic and economic, of the aljama of Tarragona. It also describes other elements of the internal taxation of the Jewish communities, concerning the management of the sisas (indirect taxes and its relationship to a permanent debt as well as the process of integration of Jews and Conversos –after 1391– in the fiscal networks of the municipality and the maintenance of some tax obligations until the moment of their expulsion.

    Este artículo estudia el modo en que las aljamas de judíos del área de Tarragona hicieron frente a las demandas extraordinarias de la Corona a lo largo de los siglos XIV y XV . La pertenencia jurisdiccional (o no de estas aljamas a la monarquía fue motivo de fricción entre esta y la mitra tarraconense, lo que no impidió su inserción dentro de la colecta de Barcelona en el período en el que se pusieron a punto los mecanismos necesarios para el reparto de las cargas fiscales. Se analizan dos etapas: una primera, que coincide con una intensificación de la presión fiscal vía subsidios, culminando a mediados del siglo XIV –con la emancipación de Tarragona de la colecta barcelonesa–, con el afloramiento de síntomas de agotamiento entre los miembros de ese colectivo (pese a que su contribución siguió siendo inferior a la de otras aljamas catalanas. Una segunda, entre finales del siglo XIV y hasta 1492, cuando tuvieron que hacer frente a otro tipo de demandas extraordinarias (

  1. Ocean commitments under the Paris Agreement

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gallo, Natalya D.; Victor, David G.; Levin, Lisa A.

    2017-11-01

    Under the Paris Agreement nations made pledges known as nationally determined contributions (NDCs), which indicate how national governments are evaluating climate risks and policy opportunities. We find that NDCs reveal important systematic patterns reflecting national interests and capabilities. Because the ocean plays critical roles in climate mitigation and adaptation, we created a quantitative marine focus factor (MFF) to evaluate how governments address marine issues. In contrast to the past, when oceans received minimal attention in climate negotiations, 70% of 161 NDCs we analysed include marine issues. The percentage of the population living in low-lying areas--vulnerable to rising seas--positively influences the MFF, but negotiating group (Annex 1 or small island developing states) is equally important, suggesting political motivations are crucial to NDC development. The analysis reveals gaps between scientific and government attention, including on ocean deoxygenation, which is barely mentioned. Governments display a keen interest in expanding marine research on climate priorities.

  2. Inmigración alemana en el sur de Chile, siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lisette Winkler

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Presentación (en español Durante aproximadamente un mes de trabajo de campo en Chile, Lisette Winkler (EScoM-FMSH ha grabado una serie de entrevistas que les hizo a los descendientes de los colonos alemanes quienes se instalaron en los alrededores del lago Llanquihue en el siglo XIX. Los documentos audiovisuales fueron recopilados en dos aldeas del sur del país, Frutillar y Puerto Octay. Recogen tanto testimonios orales de los descendientes como tomas panorámicas de los paisajes del sur, qu...

  3. Enfermos del Hospital General de Mallorca a fines del siglo XV

    OpenAIRE

    Contreras Mas, Antonio

    2012-01-01

    Introducción: Presentamos un estudio sobre los hombres y mujeres que fueron internados en el Hospital General de Mallorca en los últimos años del siglo XV. Se basa en los listados donde se recogieron los detalles personales de algunos de los sujetos allí acogidos entre los años 1482 y 1494. Tras revisar las causas principales de la fundación del establecimiento y algunas noticias sobre este proceso, se examinan determinadas características de los hombres y mujeres a los que prestó asistencia ...

  4. Jesuitas, masones y conspiradores: dramas bogotanos a mediados del siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario García Molina

    1996-01-01

    Full Text Available Durante el agitado período del medio siglo decimonónico la actividad teatral bogotana fue mínima. El aporte nacional al teatro bogotano entre 1848 y 1853 se limita a tres obras escritas y a las actividades de un grupo de estudiantes y profesores. Las obras son: Miguel de Cervantes, de José Caicedo Rojas; El Misionero, de Eladio Vergara; y Jacobo Molai, de Santiago Pérez. Sólo se conservan los textos de las dos últimas ya que fueron impresas en libro.

  5. The Online Public Access Catalogue at the Cite des Sciences Mediatheque in Paris.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Witt, Maria

    1990-01-01

    Provides background on the holdings, services, and layout of the mediatheque (multimedia library) at the Cite des Sciences et de l'Industrie (originally the Museum of Science, Technology, and Industry) in Paris. The library's online public access catalog and use of the catalog by children and the visually handicapped are described. (four…

  6. Proceedings of XIV Workshop on Nuclear Physics. VIII International Symposium on Nuclear and Related Techniques. WONP-NURT 2013

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2013-02-01

    This year 2013, the XIV Workshop on Nuclear Physics and VIII International Symposium on Nuclear and Related Techniques, WONP-NURT 2013 organized by the Center of Technological Applications and Nuclear Development from 5 to 8 February at the National Museum of Fine Arts. NURT is one of the key Cuban scientific meetings since 1997 dealing with the peaceful applications of nuclear techniques in several domains of the society. WONP and NURT provide an unique opportunity for the national and international scientific community to meet outstanding researchers and discuss current trends in several areas of theoretical, experimental and applied nuclear physics and related topics. The papers submitted to this event are presented in this CD-ROM

  7. Automobile pollution in Paris, France, influences traffic and meteorological conditions; La pollution automobile a Paris influence du trafic et des conditions meteorologiques

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alary, Rene; Donati, Jacques; Viellard, Henri [Laboratoire Central de la Prefecture de Police, Paris (France)

    1995-06-22

    The improvement of urban air quality is a major challenge namely for NO{sub 2} (nitrogen dioxide), a toxic pollutant controlled by the European Regulation EEC n85-203. We now know that catalytic converters reduce car emissions and we believe that a reduction in traffic (already enforced in some cities) and the restriction of vehicle road traffic, applied to some European towns, is an area for further research. In Paris, the existence of periods of serious pollution (essentially due to NO{sub 2} levels reaching >200 {mu}g/m{sup 3} in periods of several hours) has made the public and public administration aware of the importance of this problem. Thus, a commitment has been made to reduce these periods of severe pollution. The study being presented deals with the search for a correlation between vehicle traffic (vehicle flow/hour) and measured concentrations of NO, NO{sub 2} and CO at two sites in Paris, in 1992. This relation has been established by plotting the traffic levels against concentrations of each gaseous effluent. When the pollutants are well dispersed it is possible to plot the concentrations of NO and NO{sub 2}. The slope is much steeper for NO than for NO{sub 2}. On the other hand, when meteorological conditions are unfavourable (high pressure zone, stability of the atmosphere, temperature inversion or strong solar radiance) no significant correlation could be observed. This proves the predominance of meteorological conditions on NO{sub 2} levels during high pollution periods. The study also confirmed that NO is a very good indicator of car pollution, taking into account the increasing number of diesel powered vehicles in France

  8. Influence of the water quality improvement on fish population in the Seine River (Paris, France) over the 1990-2013 period.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Azimi, Sam; Rocher, Vincent

    2016-01-15

    Over the past 20 years, rules concerning wastewater treatment and quality of water discharged into the environment have changed considerably. Huge investments have been made in Paris conurbation to improve waste water treatment processes in accordance with the European Water Framework Directive. The interdepartmental association for sewage disposal in Paris conurbation (SIAAP) carried out a monitoring of both fish assemblages and water quality in the Seine River around the Paris conurbation (France) since the early 90's. The main goal of this study was to estimate the influence of the water quality improvement on fish. On one hand, the study confirmed the improvement of the water quality (dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, organic matter) in the Seine River, mostly focused downstream of Paris conurbation. On the other hand, an increase of the number of species occurred from 1990 (14) to 2013 (21). Moreover, changes in the river Seine assemblages happened over that 23-year period with emergence of sensitive species (ruffe, scalpin and pike-perch). The improvement of the water quality was also reported with respect to the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI). However, no variation of pollutant concentrations in roach, eel and chub muscles has been observed. An exceedance of the environmental quality standards have even been reported all over this period as regards mercury and organochlorine.

  9. Overcoming Obstacles in Global Climate Action from Copenhagen to Paris

    OpenAIRE

    Garrison, Jean A.; Kolleg-Forschergruppe The Transformative Power of Europe

    2017-01-01

    The global climate change agreement completed on December 12, 2015 in Paris set a collective target to cap greenhouse gas emissions in order to limit the temperature increase to 2 degrees Celsius with a goal to get as close as possible to 1.5 degrees above pre-industrial levels. These goals were to be accomplished through a “bottom up” mechanism for national policy approaches in which states made their own choices about how they would meet climate targets. This paper examines why and how an a...

  10. Los mareantes pontevedreses y la pesca de altura en el siglo XVI

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    Pereira Fernández, Xosé Manuel

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available During most of the 16th century, the town of Pontevedra was recorder as the most dynamic urban centre of the Galician kingdom for its economy based on fishing and sea trade. In contrast with the traditional view which has always regarded the seamen from Rias Baixas as coastal fishermen, Pontevedra's historical legal documents from the Sisteenth Century provide evidence of their presence in Newfoundland and the Canary Island fishing grounds. In the light of this evidence, those seamen appear as faithful continuers of a tradition of seafaring relationships with foreign countries dating back to the late Middle Ages.

    Durante buena parte del siglo XVI la villa de Pontevedra aparece como el mayor y más dinámico núcleo urbano del Reino de Galicia, con una economía asentada en la pesca y el comercio marítimo. Frente a la visión tradicional, que considera a los hombres del mar de las Rías Baixas gallegas como pescadores de bajura, la documentación notarial pontevedresa del siglo XVI informa de su presencia tanto en Terranova como en el banco de pesca canario. De esta forma se muestran fíeles continuadores de una vocación de relación con el exterior por vía marítima presente desde la Baja Edad Media.

  11. Fisiología Mexicana en el siglo XIX: la investigación

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    Rodríguez de Romo, Ana Cecilia

    1997-12-01

    Full Text Available In the 19th century, Mexican scientific research in physiology had two well defined periods and followed the same scientific ideas that dominated the rest of the world. In the first period that takes almost the whole century, physicians did experimental research at their own expenses. In the second period at the end of the century, President Pofirio Díaz's dictadure (1880-1910, pushed research on Physiology. This research was very nationalistic. Mexican physiological research at the 19th century was influenced by Celular Theory, Darwinism and Experimental Medicine.

    La investigación científica mexicana en fisiología tuvo dos períodos bien marcados en el siglo XIX y también siguió las corrientes que la modularon en el resto del mundo. En el primer período, médicos de manera individual y costeado por ellos mismos, hicieron trabajo experimental durante la mayor parte del siglo. En un segundo período, durante la dictadura de Porfirio Díaz (1880-1910, se crearon instituciones que con apoyo del gobierno propiciaron la labor científica en fisiología. Esta investigación tuvo un marcado tinte nacionalista y estuvo influenciada por la Teoría Celular, el Darwinismo y la Medicina Experimental.

  12. Lévi-Strauss en el pensamiento filosófico latinoamericano. : Claude Lévi-Strauss: El pensamiento de un siglo. "Psicoanalisis y Antropologia hoy"

    OpenAIRE

    Gonzalez , Patricia; de Pablo , Elisabeth; Winkler , Lisette; Borie , Cesar

    2008-01-01

    Corpus "ASA-SHS"; Nacido en 1908, Claude LEVI-STRAUSS, es considerado el fundador de la antropología estructural e introductor a las ciencias sociales del enfoque estructuralista basado en la lingüistica estructural de Saussure. Por la influencia de su obra, dentro y fuera de la antropología, es considerado uno de los intelectuales más influyentes del siglo XX. Con motivo del aniversario del antropólogo, el Coloquio internacional "Claude Lévi-Srauss: el pensamiento de un siglo “psicoanalisis ...

  13. How to estimate exposure when studying the temperature-mortality relationship? A case study of the Paris area.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schaeffer, Laura; de Crouy-Chanel, Perrine; Wagner, Vérène; Desplat, Julien; Pascal, Mathilde

    2016-01-01

    Time series studies assessing the effect of temperature on mortality generally use temperatures measured by a single weather station. In the Paris region, there is a substantial measurement network, and a variety of exposure indicators created from multiple stations can be tested. The aim of this study is to test the influence of exposure indicators on the temperature-mortality relationship in the Paris region. The relationship between temperature and non-accidental mortality was assessed based on a time series analysis using Poisson regression and a generalised additive model. Twenty-five stations in Paris and its three neighbouring departments were used to create four exposure indicators. These indicators were (1) the temperature recorded by one reference station, (2) a simple average of the temperatures of all stations, (3) an average weighted on the departmental population and (4) a classification of the stations based on land use and an average weighted on the population in each class. The relative risks and the Akaike criteria were similar for all the exposure indicators. The estimated temperature-mortality relationship therefore did not appear to be significantly affected by the indicator used, regardless of study zone (departments or region) or age group. The increase in temperatures from the 90(th) to the 99(th) percentile of the temperature distribution led to a significant increase in mortality over 75 years (RR = 1.10 [95% CI, 1.07; 1.14]). Conversely, the decrease in temperature between the 10(th) and 1(st) percentile had a significant effect on the mortality under 75 years (RR = 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01; 1.06]). In the Paris area, there is no added value in taking multiple climatic stations into account when estimating exposure in time series studies. Methods to better represent the subtle temperature variations in densely populated areas in epidemiological studies are needed.

  14. Implications of possible interpretations of ‘greenhouse gas balance’ in the Paris Agreement

    Science.gov (United States)

    Millar, R. J.; Allen, M.; Boucher, O.; Cain, M.; Forster, P. M.; Shindell, D.

    2018-01-01

    The main goal of the Paris Agreement as stated in Article 2 is ‘holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C’. Article 4 points to this long-term goal and the need to achieve ‘balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases'. This statement on ‘greenhouse gas balance’ is subject to interpretation, and clarifications are needed to make it operational for national and international climate policies. We study possible interpretations from a scientific perspective and analyse their climatic implications. We clarify how the implications for individual gases depend on the metrics used to relate them. We show that the way in which balance is interpreted, achieved and maintained influences temperature outcomes. Achieving and maintaining net-zero CO2-equivalent emissions conventionally calculated using GWP100 (100-year global warming potential) and including substantial positive contributions from short-lived climate-forcing agents such as methane would result in a sustained decline in global temperature. A modified approach to the use of GWP100 (that equates constant emissions of short-lived climate forcers with zero sustained emission of CO2) results in global temperatures remaining approximately constant once net-zero CO2-equivalent emissions are achieved and maintained. Our paper provides policymakers with an overview of issues and choices that are important to determine which approach is most appropriate in the context of the Paris Agreement. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels'. PMID:29610378

  15. Signal detection in global mean temperatures after "Paris": an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Visser, Hans; Dangendorf, Sönke; van Vuuren, Detlef P.; Bregman, Bram; Petersen, Arthur C.

    2018-02-01

    In December 2015, 195 countries agreed in Paris to hold the increase in global mean surface temperature (GMST) well below 2.0 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C. Since large financial flows will be needed to keep GMSTs below these targets, it is important to know how GMST has progressed since pre-industrial times. However, the Paris Agreement is not conclusive as regards methods to calculate it. Should trend progression be deduced from GCM simulations or from instrumental records by (statistical) trend methods? Which simulations or GMST datasets should be chosen, and which trend models? What is pre-industrial and, finally, are the Paris targets formulated for total warming, originating from both natural and anthropogenic forcing, or do they refer to anthropogenic warming only? To find answers to these questions we performed an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis where datasets and model choices have been varied. For all cases we evaluated trend progression along with uncertainty information. To do so, we analysed four trend approaches and applied these to the five leading observational GMST products. We find GMST progression to be largely independent of various trend model approaches. However, GMST progression is significantly influenced by the choice of GMST datasets. Uncertainties due to natural variability are largest in size. As a parallel path, we calculated GMST progression from an ensemble of 42 GCM simulations. Mean progression derived from GCM-based GMSTs appears to lie in the range of trend-dataset combinations. A difference between both approaches appears to be the width of uncertainty bands: GCM simulations show a much wider spread. Finally, we discuss various choices for pre-industrial baselines and the role of warming definitions. Based on these findings we propose an estimate for signal progression in GMSTs since pre-industrial.

  16. Signal detection in global mean temperatures after "Paris" : An uncertainty and sensitivity analysis

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Visser, Hans; Dangendorf, Sönke; Van Vuuren, Detlef P.; Bregman, Bram; Petersen, Arthur C.

    2018-01-01

    In December 2015, 195 countries agreed in Paris to "hold the increase in global mean surface temperature (GMST) well below 2.0 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C. Since large financial flows will be needed to keep GMSTs below these

  17. Review: Hérodote: Revue de géographie et de géopolitique, 2011/3, no. 142: Géopolitique du Sahara, Paris: La Découverte Besprechung: Hérodote: Revue de géographie et de géopolitique, 2011/3, Nr. 142: Géopolitique du Sahara, Paris: La Découverte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laurence Marfaing

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Review of the issue 2011/3, no. 142, of Hérodote: Revue de géographie et de géopolitique: Géopolitique du Sahara, Paris: La Découverte.Besprechung der Ausgabe 2011/3, Nr. 142, von Hérodote: Revue de géographie et de géopolitique: Géopolitique du Sahara, Paris: La Découverte.

  18. ENAJENACIÓN DE BIENES COMUNALES Y COLONIZACIÓN RURAL EN REQUENA. SIGLO XVIII

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    Juan Piqueras Haba

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Durante el siglo XVIII tuvo lugar en el municipio de Requena un proceso de colonización agraria por establecimiento de familias sobre unos territorios hasta entonces prácticamente deshabitados. El poblamiento y la misma colonización fue hecha a expensas de los bienes omunales, dehesas y montes blancos, gestionados por el Concejo de la villa de Requena, cuyos responsables no sólo malvendieron y toleraron la usurpación particular de los terrenos oncejiles, sino que fueron parte interesada en la misma, hasta el punto de acaparar la mayor parte de las tierras baldías. Al mismo tiempo el reparto, la enajenación y la adquisición de las dehesas concejiles por varias docenas de colonos dieron origen a que sobre aquellas fértiles tierras se desarrollaran luego muchas de las aldeas que hoy componen el paisaje rural del término. En menos de un siglo el ayuntamiento quedó privado de más de 60.000 hectáreas, de las que unas 20.000 fueron ganadas para la agricultura por colonos labradores cuyo número aumentó de sólo 80 en 1667 a 161 en 1731 y a 752 en 1831.

  19. Un libelo antijudío en la literatura popular impresa del siglo XVI

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    Sánchez Pérez, María

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available In this article there is edited and studied an anti-Jewish blood libel preserved in a Spanish poetic chapbook («pliego suelto» of the 16th century and attributed to the blind traditional poet («ciego coplero» Francisco González de Figueroa. Thanks to a tracking of diverse medieval and contemporary sources, Hispanic and foreign, related to the accusations of ritual murder against Jews, we have verified that this narration is a more link of a long chain of anti-Jewish blood libels arisen in Europe, which had a wide and extensive diffusion for several centuries.En este artículo se edita y estudia un libelo antijudío conservado en un pliego suelto poético del siglo XVI y atribuido al ciego coplero Francisco González de Figueroa. Gracias a un rastreo de diversas fuentes medievales y coetáneas, hispánicas y extranjeras, relacionadas con las acusaciones de crímenes rituales contra los judíos, hemos comprobado que esta narración es un eslabón más de una larga cadena de libelos de sangre antijudíos surgidos en Europa, que tuvieron una amplia y dilatada difusión durante varios siglos.

  20. The complete chloroplast genome of traditional Chinese medical plants Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Song, Yun; Xu, Jin; Chen, NaiZhong; Li, MingFu

    2017-03-01

    Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis is a perennial medical plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Here, we report the complete chloroplast genome of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The genome is 157 675 bp in length including a small single-copy region (SSC, 18 319 bp) and a large single-copy region (LSC, 84 108 bp) separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 27 624 bp). The genome contained 115 genes, including 81 protein-coding genes, 4 ribosomal RNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes. Among these genes, 13 harbored a single intron and 2 contained a couple of introns. The overall G + C content of the cpDNA is 37.4%, while the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 35.71%, 31.43%, and 41.87%, respectively. A Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis suggested that genus Trillium, Paris, Fritillaria, and Lilium were strongly supported as monophyletic and the P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis is closely related to Trillium.

  1. The Paris Convention for the prevention of marine pollution from land-based sources

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dinkloh, L.; Braun, H.

    1983-01-01

    The Paris Convention of 1974 which entered into force at an international level in 1978 is an important instrument to protect the North Sea and the North Atlantic against pollution from land-based sources. Contracting Parties are practically all riparian states of its scope of application - 13 states on the whole - as well as the EC. There is a survey of the functions, organization and working method, the instruments and results so far achieved in the framework of the Convention. Priority was so far given to the following substances or, respectively, groups of substances: oil, mercury, cadmium, drines, PCB's and PCT's as well as titanium dioxide. In this respect, it was above all agreed on: emission and immission standards (or guide values, respectively), recommendations for measures reducing emissions and a number of obligations to report. Studies and discussions on organosilicone compounds, radioactivity, water pollution through the atmosphere and eutrophication phenomena are relatively new. The opportunities offered by the Paris Convention have not yet been fully used. (orig.) [de

  2. La imagen de la mujer pintora en la ilustración popular del siglo XIX

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    María Dolores Bastida de la Calle

    1994-01-01

    Full Text Available El discurso de lo marginal, que el arte del siglo xix reclamaba como algo propio, encontró en la mujer un tópico social de especial significación para un siglo marcado por rápidas transformaciones. En apropiada correspondencia con su carácter de movimiento artístico marginal, la ilustración, y en particular la caricatura, iconografías populares cuyos códigos de representación eran simples y obvios, trataron muy especialmente aquellos tipos sociales que, por encontrase en proceso de evolución, resaltaban sobre el friso estático de la sociedad. La atención que prestaron las publicaciones ilustradas hacia los fenómenos marginales ha supuesto una ayuda notable para la historia social; tales publicaciones, aunque moderadas, disfrutaban de una difusión masiva, por lo que constituyeron una relevante fuerza ideológica y desempeñaron un importante papel en la formulación de una visión crítica.

  3. La tecnología sedera en Valencia a la luz de unas ordenanzas inéditas del siglo XV

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Navarro Espinach, Germán

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Study of an unpublished book of ordinances of the 15th to 17th centuries pertaining to the silk velvets weavers of Valencia, conserved in The Hispanic Society of America in New York. Its comparison with the Valencian silk ordinances that we already know provides new information on 15th century textile technology.

    Estudio de un libro inédito de ordenanzas de los siglos XV-XVII perteneciente a los tejedores de terciopelos de seda de Valencia, conservado en The Hispanic Society of America de Nueva York. Su comparación con las ordenanzas valencianas de la seda conocidas hasta ahora ofrece nuevos datos sobre la tecnología textil del siglo XV.

  4. [Stories and drawings by children after the 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Poget, Marc; Bouaziz, Nora; Apter, Gisèle

    2016-01-01

    Through the stories and drawings of children in a medical-psychological centre, it is possible to explore their psychological representations of the terrorist attacks which took place in Paris in January 2015. This work highlights the need to rethink the methods of care provided to these children in order to adapt them to their specific needs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  5. Contribution of ozone to airborne aldehyde formation in Paris homes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rancière, Fanny; Dassonville, Claire; Roda, Célina; Laurent, Anne-Marie; Le Moullec, Yvon; Momas, Isabelle

    2011-09-15

    Indoor aldehydes may result from ozone-initiated chemistry, mainly documented by experimental studies. As part of an environmental investigation included in the PARIS birth cohort, the aim of this study was to examine ozone contribution to airborne aldehyde formation in Paris homes. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and hexaldehyde levels, as well as styrene, nitrogen dioxide and nicotine concentrations, comfort parameters and carbon dioxide levels, were measured twice during the first year of life of the babies. Ambient ozone concentrations were collected from the closest background station of the regional air monitoring network. Traffic-related nitrogen oxide concentrations in front of the dwellings were estimated by an air pollution dispersion model. Home characteristics and families' way of life were described by questionnaires. Stepwise multiple linear regression models were used to link aldehyde levels with ambient ozone concentrations and a few aldehyde precursors involved in oxidation reactions, adjusting for other indoor aldehyde sources, comfort parameters and traffic-related nitrogen oxides. A 4 and 11% increase in formaldehyde and hexaldehyde levels was pointed out when 8-hour ozone concentrations increased by 20 μg/m(3). The influence of potential precursors such as indoor styrene level and frequent use of air fresheners, containing unsaturated volatile organic compounds as terpenes, was also found. Thus, our results suggest that ambient ozone can significantly impact indoor air quality, especially with regard to formaldehyde and hexaldehyde levels. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  6. The constructive process in the Cimorro zone in the the Cathedral of Avila, (century XII-XIV. Hypothesis and its verification through the analysis of Structural Stability Smart and Sustainable Offices (SSO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mª A. Benito Pradillo

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents a hypothesis about the order in the constructive process for the head zone in the Cathedral of Ávila, called Cimorro. The hypothesis proposed in this area considers for its construction three different stages: XII Century, XIII Century and XIV Century. The proposed hypotesis have been verified with the Analysis of Stability realised. The theoretical Framework used is the Limit Analysis to Masonry Structures. After prooving the Structural Stability for each of the building stages, the following conclusions are made: Through the XII Century, the possibility of closing the central vault without Buttress System for a short period of time and the subsequent placement of a tribune is stated. A fortification formed by the barbican and the «adarves» were built during the XIII Century. In the XIV Century, the tribune is removed and replaced with the Buttress System with buttress and double flying buttress, which we can see nowadays.

  7. Medio siglo de asociacionismo americanista español (1885-1936

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    Isidro Sepúlveda Muñoz

    1991-01-01

    Full Text Available En la segunda mitad del siglo xix se produce en España el paulatino afianzamiento político y económico de la ciase sustentadora del liberalismo. La «bisagra» política de la I República separa virtualmente el predominio de la oligarquía de base agraria y la nueva burguesía de moderno carácter capitalista, vinculada a la economía industrial y al comercio internacional; la plataforma operativa de esta nueva clase dirigente era el sistema la Restauración, cuya democracia aparente estaba basada en el dominio absoluto del sistema electoral.

  8. Implications of possible interpretations of "greenhouse gas balance" in the Paris Agreement

    Science.gov (United States)

    Millar, R.; Fuglestvedt, J. S.; Rogelj, J.; Allen, M. R.; Boucher, O.; Forster, P.; Kriegler, E.; Shindell, D. T.

    2017-12-01

    The main goal of the Paris Agreement as stated in its Article 2 is "Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels…". Article 4 points to this long-term goal and the need to "… achieve balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases …". The statement on "greenhouse gas balance" is subject to interpretation, and several clarifications are needed in order to make it operational for implementation in climate policies. Here we study possible interpretations from a scientific perspective and analyze their climatic implications. We clarify how the balance referred to in Article 4 of the Paris Agreement applies to anthropogenic sources and anthropogenic sinks and how the implications for individual gases depends strongly on the emission metrics used to relate them. We also show that the way in which balance is interpreted, achieved and maintained influences the anticipated temperature outcome over time. For example, achieving and maintaining net zero CO2-equivalent emissions calculated with the widely used metric Global Warming Potential with a horizon of 100 years (GWP100) - adopted for the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and in UNFCCC reporting - would result in a peak and decline in global mean temperature. Adopting a different metric, like GWP* (Allen et al., 2016), would result in global mean temperatures remaining approximately constant once net zero CO2-equivalent emissions are achieved and maintained. Policymakers should be aware of these issues and choices and determine which approach is most appropriate in the context of the goals of the Paris Agreement.Reference:Allen, Fuglestvedt, Shine, Reisinger, Pierrehumbert, Forster: New use of global warming potentials to compare cumulative and short-lived climate pollutants. Nature Climate Change (2016). doi:10

  9. Urban dew and rain in Paris, France: Occurrence and physico-chemical characteristics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beysens, D.; Mongruel, A.; Acker, K.

    2017-06-01

    This paper summarizes one year (April 2011 to March 2012) measurements on planar condensing surfaces of dew and rain events and related physico-chemical characteristics in the urban environment of Paris (city center). Yearly collected water was 3.48 mm for dew (63 events) and 593 mm for rain (146 events). The latter value compares well with rain data (547 mm and 107 events) collected within 12 km at Paris-Orly airport. An estimation of dew yield based on meteo data gives 2.35 mm and 74 events, to be compared with 17.11 mm and 196 events at Paris-Orly. These differences highlight the large reduction in dew events and dew yields in an urban area as compared to a close rural-like area. This reduction is not due to a sky view reduction but to heat island that increases air temperature and decreases relative humidity. Analysis of dew (34) and rain (77) samples were done concerning pH, electrical conductivity (EC), major anions and cations as well as selected trace metals and other minor ions. Mean pH values are found similar for both, dew (6.5) and rain (6.1), rain being slightly more acidic than dew. The mean dew total ionic content (TIC 1.8 meq/l) and EC value (124 μS/cm) are about four times that of rain (0.45 meq/l; 35 μS/cm), meaning that total dissolved solids in dew is nearly four times that in rain. Sulfate and nitrate are the most acidifying components, calcium the most neutralizing constituent with ratio of mean total acidity/total alkalinity comparable for dew and rain ( 0.9). Sulfate and nitrate have mainly anthropogenic sources, whereas chloride and magnesium are mostly connected with marine air masses. Dew is a considerable factor of wet deposition of pollutants; dew and rain ion concentrations, however, meet the WHO requirements for drinking water.

  10. El espacio público y arte en México durante el siglo xx. de la dictadura a la democracia

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    Adriana Hernández Sánchez

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available En las ciudades mexicanas la transformación de los espacios públicos y la incorporación de arte están estrechamente ligadas a los períodos en donde quien dirige establece posiciones radicales que determinan aspectos de índole social hasta urbanos que impactan en la forma de hacer ciudad, uno de los ejemplos fueron las dictaduras, entendiéndolas como una forma de gobierno con una visión unilateral o unipartidista, que marcaron los pensamientos de quien ejerció su poder sobre el país marcando periodos o transiciones que de alguna manera replanteaban las ciudades. Las transiciones o cambios sufridos se pueden visualizar en el siglo XX con el régimen de Porfirio Díaz, que duró más de treinta años, en donde el país se vio impactado por la industrialización y la introducción de arte y arquitectura de tipo ecléctica, al periodo de la revolución en donde se quería despojar un régimen autoritario y buscar una identidad, hecho que encaminó la proclamación de la Constitución (1917, posteriormente en 1929 la permanencia de un partido político, que permaneció setenta años en la presidencia, el cual se desgastó en conmemorar a personajes de la política en parques y jardines, hasta la denominada alternancia signo de una aparente democracia. Todos estos periodos han caracterizado a México y sus espacios abiertos, incluidas las actividades sociales. El presente trabajo aborda el estudio del espacio público que se desarrolló durante el siglo XX impactado por las dictaduras tanto oficiales como las no oficiales definidas en tres momentos, en un primer ciclo con el gobierno porfirista, seguido de la etapa postrevolucionaria o constitucionalista y el último caracterizado por una visión unipartidista con la entrada de el PNR1 posteriormente PRI2. Tres periodos o transiciones que han definido el rumbo de los espacios públicos mexicanos heredados hasta el presente, en los que se pueden ilustrar posturas con notable influencia europea

  11. La historografía venezolana del siglo XIX

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    Inés Quintero

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Durante el siglo XIX tiene lugar en Venezuela una extensa y variada producción historiográfica, constituida en su gran mayoría por obras de carácter testimonial y por trabajos de compilación documental y que representa, por así decirlo, la base y fundamentación primigenia de la historiografía venezolana. No obstante, la valoración de esta producción historiográfica ha sido realizada de manera parcial y desde una perspectiva muy general. No se han llevado a cabo estudios que nos permitan conocer los distintos géneros historiográficos que se desarrollaron en esa época, ni tampoco algún tipo de análisis que dé cuenta de los aspectos característicos de cada uno de ellos.

  12. [From Ulysses to Paris: Journey to the medicalization of ageing].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moreno, Belén; Pedace, Mariana; Matusevich, Daniel

    2015-09-01

    In the following study we will be introducing the Paris Syndrome, taking as a departure stand the Ulises Syndrome described by Mercer Rang back in 1972. This syndrome is analyzed within the current context of medicalization that old people within Western societies are currently undergoing. We decided to present this topic by looking at the medical trajectories of four paradigmatic patients with the intention of capturing how they themselves experience this process. Through these cases, we would also like to further understand current medical practices toward the elderly.

  13. MITTELEUROPA, ÁFRICA, PARÍS: KUPKA O LA VÍA ORNAMENTAL DE LO MODERNO / Mitteleuropa, Africa, Paris: Kupka or the ornamental route of the modern

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Teresa Méndez Baiges

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN. La obra de František Kupka (Opocno, Bohemia oriental, 1871-Puteaux, París, 1957, uno de los principales pioneros de la pintura no objetiva, es la materialización de una vía a la abstracción que pasa por la inspiración y reivindicación del ornamento. Se trata de una vía poco transitada por el "relato ortodoxo de la modernidad", que procede de la peculiar forma de entender la abstracción que se dio a principios del siglo XX en el centro y en el este de Europa, y que, gracias a emisores como el propio Kupka, acabaría anidando en el corazón de las vanguardias, en París, en torno al año 1912. Descansa en la idea de que la noción moderna de abstracción emerge del discurso teórico sobre el ornamento durante la edad contemporánea, y configura así el mapa de otra modernidad que va siguiendo, en este caso, el itinerario vital y estético de Kupka, desde su Bohemia natal a la mítica Viena fin de siècle, y de aquí, a su desembarco en París como destino definitivo, dejándose impregnar asimismo por estímulos procedentes de culturas no europeas, como la islámica, o ajenos a la alta cultura, como los folclóricos. Ésa es, en parte, la sustancia de la que está hecha lo moderno. Por eso este viaje, como aquí se explica, parece imprescindible para la configuración de alternativas a la lectura canónica de la modernidad. SUMMARY The work of Frantisek Kupka (Opocno, Eastern Bohemia, 1871-Puteaux, Paris, 1957, one of the main pioneers of non-objective painting, is the fruition of a route to abstraction through the inspiration and vindication of ornament. It is a route little travelled by the "orthodox story of modernity", and comes from the peculiar way of understanding abstraction that occurred at the beginning of the XXth century in central and eastern Europe. Thanks to proponents such as Kupka it would end up nestling in the heart of the avant-garde in Paris, in around 1912. It resides in the idea that the modern notion of

  14. La presencia judía en Álava, Guipúzcoa y Vizcaya. Vinculaciones sociales y relaciones económicas de una minoría durante los siglos XIV y XV

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Igor SANTOS SALAZAR

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: Este am'culo trata de evaluar la génesis y evolución de los asentarnientos judíos en las provincias de Álava, Guipúzcoa y del señorío Vizcaya desde sus orígenes en el siglo XIII hasta la expulsión de las mismas en 1492. Además, se intenta dar una interpretación de las vinculaciones económicas y sociales de las aljamas del territorio observando en eilas la tipología de las relaciones mantenidas entre las mismas y la importancia y protagonismo que alcanzan los linajes de Velasco y Guevara como impulsores principales de la aparición de personajes y comunidades de esta minoría en las zonas cercanas a sus dominios patrimoniales. Por último, se ocupa de mostrar el sentido de la violencia antisemita como consecuencia última de la estrecha vinculación de los hebreos con las casas señoriales, mostrando la unión existente en el territorio entre los conflictos antiseñoriales y el antijudaísmo.ABSTRACT: This article seeks to evaluate the evolution of the Jewish communities of Álava, Guipúzcoa and Vizcaya since the 13th century from the year of the expulsion in 1492. Moreover, we analyze an interpretation of the economic and social links of the communities themselves and the d e of the nobiiity (Velasco and Guevara lineages as the main agents in the evolution of these Jewish settlements located in their manors. Findy we show the meaning of antisemitic violence due to the narrow bond between the Hebrews and the aristocratic families, and as a final consequence of this, the situation throughout the territory caused by the antinobility movements and antisemitic violence.

  15. [Charles-Henri Fialon (1846-1933), creator of the Museum of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Paris. His family and professional life].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Flahaut, Jean

    2004-01-01

    Henri Fialon was pharmacist in 1871, and worked in the family apothecary, at Rueil near Paris. At 46 years, he stopped his pharmaceutical activity, and livre quietly, being specially interested by the ancient pharmaceutical pots. He realized a very important collection, which he gave to the French Society of Pharmaceutical History. A museum was installed at the Faculty of Pharmacy of Paris which is presently in the Guillaume Valette Gallery and contains more than 500 pieces.

  16. Aprender a enseñar en el siglo XIX. La formación inicial de las maestras españolas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Teresa GONZÁLEZ PÉREZ

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available La irrupción de las mujeres en la Escuela, como alumnas y como enseñantes, comenzó muy tímidamente en la España del siglo XVIII, si bien no fue hasta finales del siglo XIX, con la Ley Moyano (1857, cuando se estableció la obligatoriedad de la instrucción primaria pública para las niñas. Pero las políticas educativas no sólo posibilitaron progresivamente la incorporación y la permanencia de las niñas en la institución escolar. También se hizo efectivo el ingreso de las mujeres en la profesión docente, ingreso que en un principio quedaba reducido a la enseñanza primaria y que respondía más a una cuestión de utilidad que a un interés social por darles a las mujeres la oportunidad de mejorar su formación para su incorporación al mercado laboral. En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar la trayectoria de la formación inicial de las maestras españolas, diseñada según el programa curricular concretado en diferentes planes de estudio a lo largo del siglo XIX.

  17. The Rise of Massage and Medical Gymnastics in London and Paris before the First World War.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quin, Grégory

    2017-01-01

    Massage and medical gymnastics experienced a rapid institutionalization across Europe and North America between 1850 and 1914. This article explores how this process took place in London and Paris. Physiotherapy developed many of the hallmarks of an independent discipline during this period, including an identified corpus of manipulations and exercises, some autonomous training courses and degrees for future practitioners, and even the creation of departments within several hospitals. The article analyzes all of the processes surrounding this rise, paying special attention to the influence of the ambassadors of Swedish gymnastics (which led to the re-invention of massage across Europe), to the installation of physiotherapy in hospitals in London and in Paris, and to the practical and institutional innovations driven by nurses in England and by doctors in France.

  18. L’athéisme au prisme des psaumes : étude comparée de quatre sermons réformés sur le psaume XIV au XVIIe siècle Atheism in the prism of psalms : comparative study on Psalm XIV in the 17th century

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inès Kirschleger

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available L’article propose une étude comparée de quatre sermons protestants sur l’athéisme prenant appui sur ce verset du psaume XIV, « L’insensé a dit en son cœur : il n’y a point de Dieu ». Bien qu’appartenant à des générations différentes, les auteurs de ces sermons, Amyraut, Gaches, Morus et Superville, font le choix d’un traitement similaire du thème de l’athéisme ; de fait, le verset d’appui du sermon, qui n’a rien d’original en la matière, montre bien que nous sommes devant un sujet d’école avec ses passages obligés, et sans prise réelle sur l’actualité politique et théologique du siècle. Il n’est donc pas étonnant de retrouver globalement les mêmes types d’arguments dans chacun de ces sermons. En revanche, au-delà des particularités d’écriture propres à chacun des auteurs, on mesure l’incroyable modernité de la prédication d’Amyraut, sa richesse et sa densité, à travers deux éléments de démonstration dont la postérité fera si grand cas après Pascal et Voltaire : l’idée d’un pari sur l’existence de Dieu et la conception du Dieu-horloger.This article presents a comparative study of four sermons against atheism written by seventeenth-century Protestant ministers on Psalm 14.1: “The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God”. Though belonging to different generations, the authors, Amyraut, Gaches, Morus and Superville, deal with the refutation of atheism in the same way: the choice of Psalm 14.1 to preach against atheism is by no means original, the arguments proving the existence of God are repeated from one text to another and the sermons do not broach any of the century’s political and theological issues. It is noteworthy, however, that Amyraut’s sermon introduces two arguments which were to have an important posterity after Pascal and Voltaire: the idea that one should wager that God exists and the conception of God as a clockmaker.

  19. Tackling air pollution and extreme climate changes in China: Implementing the Paris climate change agreement.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tambo, Ernest; Duo-Quan, Wang; Zhou, Xiao-Nong

    2016-10-01

    China still depends on coal for more than 60% of its power despite big investments in the process of shifting to nuclear, solar and wind power renewable energy resources alignment with Paris climate change agreement (Paris CCA). Chinese government through the Communist Party Central Committee (CPCC) ascribes great importance and commitment to Paris CCA legacy and history landmark implementation at all levels. As the world's biggest carbon dioxide emitter, China has embarked on "SMART" pollution and climate changes programs and measures to reduce coal-fired power plants to less than 50% in the next five years include: new China model of energy policies commitment on CO2 and greenhouse gas emissions reductions to less than 20% non-fossil energy use by 2030 without undermining their economic growth, newly introduced electric vehicles transportation benefits, interactive and sustained air quality index (AQI) monitoring systems, decreasing reliance on fossil fuel economic activities, revision of energy price reforms and renewable energy to less energy efficient technologies development. Furthermore, ongoing CPCC improved environmental initiatives, implemented strict regulations and penalties on local companies and firms' pollution production management, massive infrastructures such as highways to reduce CO2 expansion of seven regional emissions trading markets and programs for CO2 emissions and other pollutants are being documented. Maximizing on the centralized nature of the China's government, implemented Chinese pollution, climate changes mitigation and adaptation initiatives, "SMART" strategies and credible measures are promising. A good and practical example is the interactive and dynamic website and database covering 367 Chinese cities and providing real time information on environmental and pollution emissions AQI. Also, water quality index (WQI), radiation and nuclear safety monitoring and management systems over time and space. These are ongoing Chinese

  20. Flexibility of the Paris Agreement on climate change

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lemoine-Schonne, Marion

    2016-01-01

    The Paris agreement lays the foundation for a new international legal regime on climate change. To achieve a universal agreement, many compromises were made, reflected in the international agreement by signs of flexibility. Firstly, at the temporal level, a 'periodic review mechanism of the National Contributions' is set up. Concerning then the means of implementation of the agreement, a new 'mechanism for sustainable development' has been introduced. This mechanism aims to facilitate the implementation of international legal obligations with a logic of cost-effectiveness, reproducing in this sense the market mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol. At least, at the normative level, flexibility of law is obvious in this agreement, in order to adapt norms to scientific knowledge evolution and political decisions

  1. Paris Agreement and opportunities for innovative nuclear power

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tam, Cecilia

    2017-01-01

    How far can technology take us? Pushing energy technology to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 could meet the mid-point of the range of ambitions expressed in Paris. Nuclear additions need to double current rate to meet 2DS. 2016 saw the highest nuclear capacity additions since 1990, but new construction starts down sharply. The fuel mix to generate electricity is vastly different to today. The average carbon intensity of power generation falls from around 520 gCO2/kWh today to Below zero in the B2DS. Nuclear innovation could also target need for decarbonised heat. Heating and cooling in industry and buildings accounts for more than 40% of final energy consumption and 30% of global CO2 emissions

  2. El estigma africano en los mundos hispano-atlánticos (Siglos XIV al XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro E. Gómez

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available The present article studies an ethno-social prejudice that people of European ancestry (both Whites and Mulattoes developed towards black slaves and their descendants in the Hispanic Worlds from late 15th century. To analyze this phenomenon, we have gathered many manifestations that reflected its existence at both sides of the Atlantic, so we can distinguish its ideological and mental characteristics as we aim to determine its extension and the socio-cultural consequences it had on the communities it appeared.

  3. La población con discapacidad en los censos del siglo XX en Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana Campos Vargas

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se logró conocer los criterios de clasificación empleados para definir a la población con discapacidad en los registros censales del siglo XX en Costa Rica y, por consiguiente, una aproximación a las formulaciones conceptuales para referirse al grupo en estudio. Además, se caracterizó a ese segmento poblacional a partir de diferentes variables: sexo, edad, estado civil y distribución geográfica. También se abordaron otros aspectos como fueron: alfabetismo, nivel de educación, ocupación, jefatura de hogar y vivienda. Entre los hallazgos más destacables se encuentra la permanencia, en los registros censales del siglo XX, de un concepto de discapacidad basado en la deficiencia, lo que definió los criterios de clasificación para esa población en esas fuentes. Asimismo se constató, por una parte, la asociación entre discapacidad e inequidad en esa centuria y, por la otra, la fragilidad de los vínculos de parentesco en ese grupo poblacional con respecto al conjunto de hogares de Costa Rica a fines de ese siglo. Las fuentes empleadas en esta investigación fueron los censos de población de Costa Rica del siglo XX. En el procedimiento con los datos, se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo de distribución de frecuencias.This research discloses the classification criteria used to define the population with disability in the twentieth century census records in Costa Rica and therefore gives an approximation of the conceptual formulations needed to refer to the examined group. Additionally, a segment of the population has been characterized by sex, age, marital status and geographical distribution. Other aspects like literacy rate, education level, occupation, head of household and housing were also dealt with. The disability concept based on deficiency, which defined the classification criteria for the population in those data sources, is among the most significant findings of this research. Furthermore, it was found

  4. Voyages of a successful text. The Dialogi of Gregory the Great in Medieval Sicily (XII-XIV Century

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rossana Barcellona

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available This essay reconstructs two “Sicilian chapters” of great success from the Dialogi by Gregorius Magnus which were enjoyed in the medieval era. These are the legend of Placido (Placido is a Benedict's young disciple mentioned in the Dialogi, which has Sicily as a background, as recounted by Pietro, Deacon of Montecassino between the XI and the XII centuries, and the Sicilian vulgarization of the work, carried out by Giovanni Campolo in the first half of the XIV century. The literary voyage of Placido and the work of Campolo are two excellent examples of the circulation and the fruition of an exemplary and authoritative text. Each highlights the complex intricacy of religion, culture and politics in the various systems of power and in the various historical settings that the medieval age explored.

  5. Estado punitivo y control criminal. Cárceles, prisiones y penitenciarías en Colombia en el siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Wilson Márquez Estrada

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo comienza citando una serie de reflexiones sobre la prisión y luego presenta el análisis de la historia de la prisión en el periodo republicano en Colombia y cuáles fueron sus principales características, problemáticas y transformaciones durante el siglo XIX. Este análisis pasa por el estudio del sistema penitenciario y carcelario en el periodo federal republicano, y pone énfasis en los casos particulares de los Estados de Antioquia, Santander y Bolívar, al resaltar las diferentes dificultades administrativas y financieras que se presentaron en su aplicación como máximo dispositivo de control social. Finalmente, se analiza el perfil que adoptó el sistema penitenciario y carcelario en el periodo de la Regeneración al final del siglo XIX.

  6. Relative humidity impact on aerosol parameters in a Paris suburban area

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. Randriamiarisoa

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Measurements of relative humidity (RH and aerosol parameters (scattering cross section, size distributions and chemical composition, performed in ambient atmospheric conditions, have been used to study the influence of relative humidity on aerosol properties. The data were acquired in a suburban area south of Paris, between 18 and 24 July 2000, in the framework of the 'Etude et Simulation de la Qualité de l'air en Ile-de-France' (ESQUIF program. According to the origin of the air masses arriving over the Paris area, the aerosol hygroscopicity is more or less pronounced. The aerosol chemical composition data were used as input of a thermodynamic model to simulate the variation of the aerosol water mass content with ambient RH and to determine the main inorganic salt compounds. The coupling of observations and modelling reveals the presence of deliquescence processes with hysteresis phenomenon in the hygroscopic growth cycle. Based on the Hänel model, parameterisations of the scattering cross section, the modal radius of the accumulation mode of the size distribution and the aerosol water mass content, as a function of increasing RH, have been assessed. For the first time, a crosscheck of these parameterisations has been performed and shows that the hygroscopic behaviour of the accumulation mode can be coherently characterized by combined optical, size distribution and chemical measurements.

  7. Effects on traffic of a magnetic levitation system Frankfurt -96 Paris

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schmitt, A; Keimel, H; Wuerdemann, G; Halten, W

    1982-01-01

    The study is based on an analysis and forecast of the volume and structure of passenger travel in the region under consideration for a situation without a Maglev system. For the case with a Maglev line Frankfurt-Paris, both the substitutional effects of this system on the travel demand of aeroplane, train and car and the newly generated traffic are estimated. As a result for 1990 a total of 6.6 million passenger trips per year on the Maglev system is expected, most of these (c. 60%) coming from original passenger train traffic. On account of feeder services to the Maglev system, demand for the existing rail system (in passenger kilometers) is diminished by only 20%. 15-20% of the total demand for the Maglev system between Frankfurt and Paris is estimated to originate from O-D-air-travel in the corridor (which is supposed to be totally substitutionable) and another 10-15% both from substituted car travel and from newly generated travel. Balances are struck for travel cost, travel time, and trip kilometers spent in the without- and with-case. Sensitivity analysis have been carried out for supply variants of the Maglev system and the classic rail system. Beside the study method there are some statements regarding inspected travel market shares which are supposed to be transferable to other planning cases.

  8. Musik-Stadt. Traditionen und Perspektiven urbaner Musikkulturen, XIV. mezinárodní kongres Gesellschaft für Musikforschung, Lipsko 28. září - 3. října 2008

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Bajgarová, Jitka

    2008-01-01

    Roč. 45, 3-4 (2008), s. 401-403 ISSN 0018-7003. [ Musik -Stadt. Traditionen und Perspektiven urbaner Musik kulturen. XIV. internationaler Kongress der Gesellschaft für Musik forschung. Leipzig, 28.09.2008-03.10.2008] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z90580513 Keywords : music in the cities Subject RIV: AL - Art, Architecture, Cultural Heritage

  9. Merchants of Light: The Paris Library School, Internationalism, and the Globalization of a Profession

    Science.gov (United States)

    Witt, Steven

    2013-01-01

    Amid growing isolationism after World War I, the American Library Association transferred its wartime programs to train librarians in Europe and promote the American model of public libraries. Working in collaboration with American philanthropists and members of the French library community, ALA established a permanent library school in Paris that…

  10. 76 FR 12399 - Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition Determinations: “Paris: Life & Luxury”

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-03-07

    ... the exhibition ``Paris: Life & Luxury,'' imported from abroad for temporary exhibition within the... objects at the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, California, from on or about April 26, 2011, until on or about August 7, 2011, the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas, from on or about [[Page 12400

  11. Experimental and theoretical study of the atmospheric boundary layer over the paris area; Etude experimentale et theorique de la couche limite atmospherique en agglomeration parisienne

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Menut, L

    1997-12-15

    This thesis studied the urban boundary layer dynamic behaviour over the Paris area by comparing urban (Paris) and suburban (Palaiseau) dynamic data such as lidars, sodars, sonic anemometers. All the data were obtained during the ECLAP experiment, specifically performed to characterize the differences between a city and its near environment. (author)

  12. Technology, environmental protection and economic efficiency. Cables at the Cigre 2010 in Paris; Technik, Umwelt und Wirtschaftlichkeit. Kabeltechnik auf der Cigre 2010 in Paris

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wiznerowicz, Fred [Fachhochschule Hannover (Germany)

    2010-12-13

    Cigre (Conseil International des Grands Reseaux Electriques), founded in 1921, today has about 6,000 members in 90 countries. Their work is reflected in international standards. In consequence, the work of the Cigre is very important for the electric power industry and the public utilities. The 43th Cigre was held in Paris in late August 2010, with an attendance of more than 3,000. The German delegation consisted of more than 220 experts. The conference provided an opportunity to exchange knowledge between the various sectors of power transmission, e.g. cables, overhead transmission lines, switching stations, and environmental aspects. (orig.)

  13. Caminos de Petrarca en la España del Siglo XV

    OpenAIRE

    Ruiz Arzalluz, Iñigo

    2010-01-01

    [ES] Situar la fortuna hispánica de Petrarca en el contexto de su recepción europea contribuye a trazar un panorama más justo de su presencia en la España del siglo XV: ni la llegada de Petrarca a la Península es particularmente tardía, ni son excepcionales la manera superficial en la que se entendieron algunos de sus libros o la exigüidad de una lectura estrictamente humanística. La diversidad que se da dentro de su propia obra, así como el hecho de que desde muy temprano fuera utilizado com...

  14. Dramaturgas seglares en la España del Siglo de Oro

    OpenAIRE

    Urban Baños, Alba

    2014-01-01

    En la presente tesis se analiza y compara desde una perspectiva filológica las únicas comedias que se han conservado de cuatro dramaturgas españolas del siglo XVII: Ana Caro, María de Zayas, Ángela de Acevedo y Leonor de la Cueva. En total, se examinan siete obras teatrales que se ajustan a las convenciones dramáticas de la comedia nueva: Valor, agravio y mujer y El conde Partinuplés, de Caro; La traición en la amistad, de Zayas; Dicha y desdicha del juego y devoción de la Virgen, El muerto d...

  15. The climate-problem. Evaluation after the Paris-agreement and the Marrakesh-conference; Das Klimaproblem. Bewertung nach dem Paris-Abkommen und der Marrakesch-Konferenz

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Roth, Eike

    2017-05-15

    The Paris-Climate-Agreement came into effect on November 4th 2016. Still, the contradiction in this agreement - ambitious goals and (presumably) inadequate commitments - has persisted. Also in the follow-up conference in Marrakesh, this discrepancy remained unresolved. 2017 the countries will meet again. However, since Donald Trump became president-elect of the United States of America, uncertainty about how the largest economy in the world will act in the future has intensified. This amplifies the pressure to clarify the true level of human influence on the climate in a scientifically consistent manner, as a basis for more reliable decisions. This paper tries to contribute to that effort.

  16. Madrid en el siglo XXI. Transformaciones y retos de su realidad social. La Realidad Social de Madrid Vol. II

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mª del Pilar Gomiz Pascual

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Madrid en el siglo XXI. Transformaciones y retos de su realidad social  es el título elegido por la Asociación Madrileña de Sociología (AMS para el segundo volumen de lo que pretende ser una trilogía sobre la Realidad Social de Madrid. Tras el éxito del trabajo realizado con el primer volumen, Antonio Lucas Marín, Carmen Cortés Beltrán y Dolores Cáceres Zapatero, vuelven a coordinar un proyecto excelente donde se da un paso más al esfuerzo comenzado con la edición anterior por dar a conocer aspectos nuevos de la estructura social del Madrid del siglo XXI, aportando enfoques y matices que quedaron sin analizar entonces. 

  17. Sobre los libros de oro del siglo XVI : notas críticas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Teodoro Martín Martín

    1990-01-01

    Full Text Available De sobra es conocido que los Libros de Oro, que aparecen en el siglo XVI en el marco de la renovación pedagógica que introdujo el Humanismo y el Renacimiento, son colecciones de pensamientos, sentencias, máximas y proverbios morales entresacados de las obras de los mejores filósofos estoicos de la Antigüedad Clásica. Sin embargo, poco más es lo que se conoce de ellos fuera del marco de la Historia de la Literatura. Incidentalmente, al ocuparse de la preceptiva de príncipes, algo se ha dicho sobre los textos áureos de la vida, si bien de forma tangencial. Consciente de esta laguna historiográfica voy a redactar las siguientes notas críticas, que no tienen otro objeto más que colaborar en el debate que historiadores, filósofos, pedagogos y literatos han de sostener sobre el tema. Nuestro país aportó al pensamiento educativo del siglo xvi dos figuras señeras: Luis Vives y Pedro Simón Abril. Pero su obra quedó en el plano teórico por cuanto carecieron de capacidad u oportunidad política para implantar sus doctrinas en la sociedad española. Alguna posibilidad tuvo el segundo de los autores citados, pero las mismas se quedaron en forma de memoriales o apuntamientos dirigidos al Rey Felipe II.

  18. [Management of wheezing disorders in infants participating in the PARIS birth cohort].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Herr, M; Nikasinovic, L; Foucault, C; Le Marec, A M; Giordanella, J P; Just, J; Momas, I

    2012-01-01

    While wheezing disorders are common in preschool children, their management is not well defined. The aim of this study was to assess the use of medical health care resources due to wheezing disorders in infants aged 18 months followed up in the Pollution and Asthma Risk: an Infant Study (PARIS) birth cohort. Data on wheezing disorders, medical visits and medication on account of respiratory disorders during the previous 12 months were collected with a standardized questionnaire, administered by a paediatrician, during the health check offered to every child aged 18 months included in the PARIS birth cohort. The prevalence of wheezing disorders during the past 12 months amounted to 560/1974 (28.4%). Among wheezers, 493 (89.3%) required a medical visit because of difficult breathing; 61 (11.0%) went to the emergency room, 35 (6.4%) were admitted to the hospital and 375 (67.2%) received an inhaled anti-asthmatic medication. Recourse to chest physiotherapy was reported in 472 of them (85.1%). This study confirms the high use of healthcare resources because of wheezing disorders in infants and suggests a higher use of anti-asthmatic medications in France compared to other European countries. Copyright © 2011 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  19. Juego y escuela en Colombia a finales del siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Ximena Herrera Beltrán

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Con la aparición de la escuela, de la infancia y de la pedagogía en los siglos XVI y XVII, el juego, como acto y como concepto, se vio afectado. De entenderse como una actividad natural y gozosa del hombre en todas las etapas de la vida, poco a poco fue situado en la infancia y se consideró fundamental a la hora de educar. En consecuencia, su control, vigilancia y uso se hicieron necesarios por parte de los adultos, en especial de los maestros en el espacio escolar. El artículo hace un recorrido por esta afectación del juego en la escuela en Colombia.

  20. Nuevos retos en la educación del siglo XXI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isidoro Arroyo Almaraz

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available La educación del siglo XXI reclama una esfera de ética y de responsabilidad social  compartida entre profesores, padres, instituciones y alumnos que nos permitan conseguir un espacio de simpatía recíproca e introduzca la educación  tecnológica, que se hace necesaria para desarrollar la accesibilidad a la información a través de las interacciones con las nuevas interfaces. La selección de nuevos contenidos multimedia e hipermedia. La utilización de datos procedentes de fuentes diversasy las nuevas formas de trabajo cooperativo a través de Internet: blogs, foros, chats, etc

  1. Social mix policies in Paris: discourses, policies and social effects.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bacqué, Marie-Hélène; Fijalkow, Yankel; Launay, Lydie; Vermeersch, Stéphanie

    2011-01-01

    Since the 1980s, the issue of social mix has become a public policy category in France. Enshrined in legislation, yet remaining controversial, it represents a major premise on which housing policies have been reconfigured. The concept of social mix is essentially based on who lives where, but it is also evoked in the context of urban renewal schemes for social housing estates, as well as in relation to new-build developments. A study of the bases of social mix policies conducted in Paris since 2001 in the context of the embourgeoisement of the capital shows the fundamental role of social housing stock. The City Council has become involved in policy decisions about both the location and the allocation of social housing. Particular attention has been paid to the middle classes in the name of the principle of ‘balancing the population’. In order to measure the effects of the policy, this article relies on an analysis of two City of Paris schemes that have the stated intent of creating social mix. One of these schemes consists of redeveloping a working-class neighbourhood, Goutte d'Or, while the other involves the new acquisition of social housing in various more affluent neighbourhoods in the capital. This comparative study of the population shows that, whether in a neighbourhood poised for gentrification or in a more affluent neighbourhood, this policy has major effects on forms of local social cohesion, setting in motion individual trajectories and reshaping social and/or ethnic identities.

  2. Politica e censura nella Francia di Louis XIV: Chavigny de La Bretonnière

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chiara Mainardi

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available During the reign of Louis XIV French libertines were expressing their intellectual dissent by opposing absolutism and criticising historical and religious conflicts. While in France, before abrogating the Edict of Nantes, any opposition was suppressed, Chavigny de La Bretonnière supported a revolt against the Church and political power. The prominent role of clandestine literature in Old Regime France will be analysed in this paper by considering critical studies about libertinage. In particular, the political and antireligious discourse carried on by this author will be highlighted by taking into account his ‘lardons’, satirical articles against French government, his erotic novel La Religieuse en chemise and his ecclesiastic pamphlet Le Cochon mitré. In a true editorial campaign, Chavigny de La Bretonnière attaches French royal power, through the use of satire he depicts corrupted prelates as obscene creatures and he reforms libertine dialogue by enhancing broad political purposes. As a response to his critics and claims, Chavigny was kidnapped, tortured and imprisoned for life. His name disappeared from history.

  3. La gramaticalización de usted: un cambio lingüístico en proceso. Evidencias en el Uruguay del siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Virginia Bertolotti

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Estudio aquí la presencia/ausencia de usted sujeto y la alternancia del sintagma a usted con lo o la objeto directo a lo largo del siglo XIX en Uruguay. El estudiodel comportamiento de los miembros de la subclase de usted se contrasta con el de lasotras posibilidades alocutivas singulares en el español en Uruguay (la subclase de tú y lasubclase de vos. La interpretación de los datos se realiza a la luz del enfoque de la gramaticalización en relación con estudios de la cortesía y muestra las características delproceso de cambio el paradigma de usted durante el siglo XIX en Uruguay.

  4. Medical Business Ethics in the XXI century; Deontologia medica del siglo XXI

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Moya Pueyo, V.

    2009-07-01

    Since ancient times the medical professional practice included moral rules in order to assure a correct approach of capital problems. These rules evolve and are now gathered in the Deontological Codes watching the Constitution and other higher Laws. There has been an increase of interest for none strictly clinical matter since the appearance of the term Bioethics. The book Deontologia medica en el siglo XXI tackles problems of first interest in the present times, thru statistics and analysis, trying to help the medical doctors that have to take ethic decisions. (Author)

  5. Equipos estratégicos: Una alternativa para las empresas del siglo XXI

    OpenAIRE

    Francisco Batlle; Keila Gómez

    2007-01-01

    En este artículo se analiza la evolución de los grupos de trabajo a equipos estratégicos como respuesta a la necesidad de permear el pensamiento estratégico en todos los niveles de la organización; se caracteriza el equipo en atención a sus valores, misión y la sinergia resultante de un liderazgo compartido y resonante. Se concluye, luego del análisis de los diferentes tipos de equipos, con la propuesta de los equipos autodirigidos como una alternativa para las empresas del siglo XXI.

  6. Organización musical y repertorio en la catedral de bogotá durante el siglo xvi

    OpenAIRE

    Bermúdez, Egberto

    2014-01-01

    El presente artículo tiene como objetivo la consideración del repertorio de música religiosa del siglo XVI contenido en el Archivo Capitular de la Catedral de Bogotáa la luz de la organización de la actividad musical en dicha iglesia durante el mismo período.

  7. "Una noria gótica en el claustro de la catedral de Toledo" in El siglo XV y la diversidad de las artes.

    OpenAIRE

    Passini , Jean; Yuste Galán , Amalia

    2011-01-01

    Amalia Ma Yuste Galán (UCM), aut. http://librosartemedieval.blogspot.com/2010/10/el-siglo-xv-y-la-diversidad-de-las.html; Tras la observación y análisis de una de estrecha cámara, situada bajo la panda sur del claustro, y su relación con el resto de construcciones, proponemos que la noria de la que se habla en siglo XV estaba instalaba en esta original estructura rectangular que se comunica con el antiguo aljibe de la mezquita mayor toledana. La importancia de esta máquina para sacar agua se ...

  8. Impuestos sobre la renta de los eclesiásticos: el subsidio y excusado (Diócesis de Sevilla, mediados del siglo XVII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Julián Hernández Borreguero

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available A partir del siglo XVI se instauraron dos impuestos otorgados por el Papa al Rey de España, que pagaban cada uno de los eclesiásticos y beneficiados de los diezmos (incluidos nobles: el subsidio y el excusado, impuestos directos que gravaban sus ingresos anuales. En este artículo se explica el funcionamiento de esos dos impuestos a nivel nacional, el proceso de reparto entre todas las diócesis, así como se estudia la casuística concreta de su gestión en el arzobispado hispalense hacia mediados del siglo XVII, desde un punto de vista económico y contable.

  9. El derecho de las pesquerías de guipuzcoanos y vizcaínos en Islandia, Groenlandia y Svalbard en el siglo xvii.

    OpenAIRE

    Serna Vallejo, Margarita

    2014-01-01

    La caza de la ballena en el entorno de Islandia y Groenlandia por los navegantes de Guipúzcoa y Vizcaya debió ser fruto del azar con anterioridad al siglo xvii. Pero la situación cambió tras el descubrimiento del archipiélago ártico de Svalbard en 1596 por Barents. En los siglos xvi y xvii, las instituciones de la Provincia de Guipúzcoa, del Señorío de Vizcaya y de la propia Monarquía Hispánica sólo se preocuparon de las pesquerías a partir de los requerimientos que les formularon los partici...

  10. Complejidad Organizativa y Desarrollo Contable de los Pósitos en España, Siglos XVI-XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Donato Gómez Díaz

    1998-12-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo estriba en la caracterización como organización empresarial de uno de los instrumentos financieros más importantes en España desde el siglo XVI: los Pósitos. Éstas instituciones locales funcionaron como Bancos de préstamo en simiente durante más de cuatro siglos. La identificación de las diferentes prácticas contables en dichas instituciones nos llevan a analizar el rol de la legislación contable, tanto por la influencia en su supervivencia como por su posterior declive y final desaparición. The aim of this paper is to characterize one o/ the most important financial institutions in the Spanish economy since XVI century. These were the Positos. These local institution functions as banks that gave their loans in seeds. The identification o/ the different accounting practices affords us an opportunity to analyse the role o/ the accounting regulation during its existence, later decline and final disappearance.

  11. Los pobres sujetos de pobreza : Iglesia, sociedad, caridad cristiana y beneficiencia estatal en el siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Domínguez San Martín

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available En la primera mitad del siglo XIX hay una evolución a la respuesta del problema que plantea la pobreza y la ingente masa de pobres, que ya se viene produciendo, sobre todo, desde el siglo XVI. Es el paso de una caridad Cristiana a una beneficiencia estatal acentuado y agudizado por la secularización de la sociedad, la desamortización, las guerras, etc.. A ello hay que darle respuestas, que antes eran dadas, prioritariamente, por y desde la Iglesia y que ahora las acaparará el Estado.In the first haif of 19" centurythe response ti the probiem of poverty and the immense amount of impoverished people evolved. The increa in povery has beeen progressively growing, especially since the 1st century. It is the transition from christiam charity to State assistance, supported by the secularization ofsociety, the sale of church lands, wars, etc.. To this answers had to be given by the State that were previorisly given by the church.

  12. El Quijote en un biombo novohispano del siglo XVIII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ARNULFO HERRERA

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Se hizo una revisión historiográfica sobre algunas de las resonancias de El Quijote en la vida cultural de la Nueva España. El análisis se centró en el examen de un biombo del siglo XVIII de autor desconocido en donde se plasmaron algunas de las escenas más importantes de la obra cervantina. Asimismo se plantearon dos hipótesis: primera, que tanto el estilo como el tópico del objeto se habrían convertido en una constante para este tipo de artículos suntuarios que proliferaron en las casas de los novohispanos pudientes, y segunda, que habría existido otro biombo novohispano con motivos iconográficos de la más famosa novela de Cervantes.

  13. Air-quality in the mid-21st century for the city of Paris under two climate scenarios; from regional to local scale

    OpenAIRE

    K. Markakis; M. Valari; A. Colette; O. Sanchez; O. Perrussel; C. Honore; R. Vautard; Z. Klimont; S. Rao

    2014-01-01

    Ozone and PM2.5 concentrations over the city of Paris are modeled with the CHIMERE air-quality model at 4 km × 4 km horizontal resolution for two future emission scenarios. High-resolution (1 km × 1 km) emission projection until 2020 for the greater Paris region is developed by local experts (AIRPARIF) and is further extended to year 2050 based on regional scale emission projections developed by the Global Energy Assessment. Model evaluation is performed bas...

  14. Paris Agreement climate proposals need a boost to keep warming well below 2 °c

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Rogelj, Joeri; Elzen, Den Michel; Höhne, Niklas; Fransen, Taryn; Fekete, Hanna; Winkler, Harald; Schaeffer, Roberto; Sha, Fu; Riahi, Keywan; Meinshausen, Malte

    2016-01-01

    The Paris climate agreement aims at holding global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius and to "pursue efforts" to limit it to 1.5 degrees Celsius. To accomplish this, countries have submitted Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) outlining their post-2020 climate action. Here

  15. Sound quality indicators for urban places in Paris cross-validated by Milan data.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ricciardi, Paola; Delaitre, Pauline; Lavandier, Catherine; Torchia, Francesca; Aumond, Pierre

    2015-10-01

    A specific smartphone application was developed to collect perceptive and acoustic data in Paris. About 3400 questionnaires were analyzed, regarding the global sound environment characterization, the perceived loudness of some emergent sources and the presence time ratio of sources that do not emerge from the background. Sound pressure level was recorded each second from the mobile phone's microphone during a 10-min period. The aim of this study is to propose indicators of urban sound quality based on linear regressions with perceptive variables. A cross validation of the quality models extracted from Paris data was carried out by conducting the same survey in Milan. The proposed sound quality general model is correlated with the real perceived sound quality (72%). Another model without visual amenity and familiarity is 58% correlated with perceived sound quality. In order to improve the sound quality indicator, a site classification was performed by Kohonen's Artificial Neural Network algorithm, and seven specific class models were developed. These specific models attribute more importance on source events and are slightly closer to the individual data than the global model. In general, the Parisian models underestimate the sound quality of Milan environments assessed by Italian people.

  16. Report of visiting Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas, Universite Paris-Sud

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ferreira, J.L.

    1991-03-01

    The activities carried out by identification mission to the Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas (LPGP) of Paris-Sud University are related. The mission is part of the project of Study on Plasma wave and Plasma turbulence which is part of international agreement between CAPES and COFECUB in France. (M.C.K.)

  17. La persistencia del surrealismo en la arquitectura religiosa española del siglo XX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Esteban Fernández Cobián

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo trata de averiguar si el surrealismo —no entendido tanto como estilo artístico, sino como manera compleja de entender la vida— puede postularse como hilo conductor de la arquitectura religiosa del siglo XX en España. Aunque es posible leer la arquitectura católica moderna como un intento de integrar el dogma con las aspiraciones del llamado espíritu de los tiempos, la pérdida de peso que supuso este planteamiento para la arquitectura todavía no se ha esclarecido lo suficiente. La pervivencia de las tradiciones, el diálogo entre la teología y el arte o la crisis de identidad católica tras el Concilio Vaticano II son facetas del intenso —y a veces obsesivo— debate que se desarrolló en España durante el siglo XX. A la postre, se constata que la perenne vena surrealista que subyace en todo lo español impregna también la arquitectura sacra y dificulta su correcta lectura. Se evidencia, finalmente, que la arquitectura religiosa es susceptible de miradas transversales sobre el hecho construido y que abre el campo a nuevas interpretaciones.

  18. La influencia del manual en el pensamiento económico colombiano durante el siglo xx

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto Mayor Mora

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available El uso de los manuales en economía ha sido masivo en su profesionalización y ha repercutido en las ideas económicas colombianas. Durante el siglo XX se presentaron cuatro etapas; la primera de ellas se dio a inicios del siglo, cuando predominó el autodidactismo en los manuales franceses, entre profesores, políticos y hombres de empresa de Bogotá y Medellín. La segunda etapa se caracterizó por el contacto de algunos protoeconomistas con el pensamiento económico original en el exterior, lo que ocasionó el inicio de la crítica a la utilización de manuales. La tercera surgió con las primeras facultades de Economía, en los años 40, época en que se reemplazó el manual francés por el anglosajón neoclásico; y la última etapa se inicia desde 1980, cuando se hace una crítica coherente al manual y comienza la producción de textos “criollos”, que ofrecen facilidades pedagógicas con pensamiento teórico de vanguardia.

  19. Sinemurian–Pliensbachian calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and organic carbon isotope stratigraphy in the Paris Basin

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Peti, Leonie; Thibault, Nicolas Rudolph; Clemence, Marie-Emilie

    2017-01-01

    The biostratigraphy of Sinemurian to lower Toarcian calcareous nannofossils has been investigated in the Sancerre-Couy core (Paris Basin), which contains a mixed assemblage of species with affinities to the northern and southern areas of the peri-tethyan realm, thus allowing for the use and calib......The biostratigraphy of Sinemurian to lower Toarcian calcareous nannofossils has been investigated in the Sancerre-Couy core (Paris Basin), which contains a mixed assemblage of species with affinities to the northern and southern areas of the peri-tethyan realm, thus allowing for the use...... organic carbon isotope curve based on 385 data points. The main bioevents, i.e. the first occurrences of Parhabdolithus liasicus, Crepidolithus pliensbachensis, Crepidolithus crassus, Mitrolithus lenticularis, Similiscutum cruciulus sensu lato, Lotharingius hauffii, Crepidolithus cavus and Lotharingius...... between the different domains. In addition to the nine main bioevents used for the biozonation of the core, we document an additional 50 distinct bioevents, evaluate their reliability and discuss their potential significance by comparison to previous studies. A total of five significant negative organic...

  20. Marketingové komunikace značky L´Oréal Paris

    OpenAIRE

    Nguyen, Thanh Hang

    2016-01-01

    Diploma thesis is focused on marketing communication of a brand Loréal Paris in decorative cosmetics. Marketing strategy and commercial communications mix is described in theoretical part. As well as what brand stands for, what values does is hold and other brand elements. Practical part is aimed on international cosmetics market and analysis of Czech decorative cosmetics market. Thesis also covers introduction of Loréal company and its portfolio. We will have a chance to get to know Loréal P...

  1. The impact of area residential property values on self-rated health: A cross-sectional comparative study of Seattle and Paris

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Junfeng Jiao

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available This study analyzed the impact of area residential property values, an objective measure of socioeconomic status (SES, on self-rated health (SRH in Seattle, Washington and Paris, France. This study brings forth a valuable comparison of SRH between cities that have contrasting urban forms, population compositions, residential segregation, food systems and transportation modes. The SOS (Seattle Obesity Study was based on a representative sample of 1394 adult residents of Seattle and King County in the United States. The RECORD Study (Residential Environment and Coronary Heart Disease was based on 7131 adult residents of Paris and its suburbs in France. Socio-demographics, SRH and body weights were obtained from telephone surveys (SOS and in-person interviews (RECORD. All home addresses were geocoded using ArcGIS 9.3.1 (ESRI, Redlands, CA. Residential property values were obtained from tax records (Seattle and from real estate sales (Paris. Binary logistic regression models were used to test the associations among demographic and SES variables and SRH. Higher area property values significantly associated with better SRH, adjusting for age, gender, individual education, incomes, and BMI. The associations were significant for both cities. A one-unit increase in body mass index (BMI was more detrimental to SRH in Seattle than in Paris. In both cities, higher area residential property values were related to a significantly lower obesity risk and better SRH. Ranked residential property values can be useful for health and weight studies, including those involving social inequalities and cross-country comparisons.

  2. 16. Paris Cosmology Colloquium 2012 - Slides of the presentations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lasenby, A.; Page, L.; Vega, H.J. de; Biermann, P.L.; Ma, E.; Laveder, M.; Kormendy, J.; Weinheimer, C.; Freeman, K.; Walker, M.; Conselice, C.J.; Rebolo, R.; Wehus, K.; Mirabel, F.; Serenelli, A.; Das, S.; Cooray, A.; Burigana, C.; Sanchez, N.G.; Mather, J.C.; Smoot, G.F.; Schmidt, B.P.; Tognini, M.A.

    2014-01-01

    Recently, Warm (keV scale) Dark Matter emerged impressively over CDM (Cold Dark Matter) as the leading Dark Matter candidate. In the context of this new Dark Matter situation, which implies novelties in the astrophysical, cosmological and keV particle physics context, this 16. Paris Colloquium 2012 is devoted to the LambdaWDM Standard Model of the Universe. The topics of the colloquium are as follows: -) observational and theoretical progress on the nature of dark matter: keV scale warm dark matter, -) large and small scale structure formation in agreement with observations at large scales and small galactic scales, and -) neutrinos in astrophysics and cosmology. This document gathers the slides of the presentations.

  3. Research aspects in the Paris-Sud University, in 1988

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1988-01-01

    Some of the research works developed in the Paris-Sud University, in 1988, are reported. In this second volume, the following research papers are presented: the antiprogesterone; the English Channel Tunnel; the individual will concerning filiation; the glycannic variations of the α 1; the molecular phylogenies; the adrenergetical transmission and the β receptors; the organical phases and crystallogenesis in the carbonaceous biomineralizations; the quarks electric charge determination; the X-imagery; the regulation of the enzymatic activities by light in the superior vegetals; the chemical reaction dynamical analysis; the experiment report concerning heavy ions - high density plasma interactions; the 13 C/ 12 C isotopic splitting during photosynthesis; the articular prothesis methodology; and the public authorities and commerce in France [fr

  4. CONVERGENCIA DIGITAL EN LA UNIVERSIDAD COLOMBIANA. DEL SIGLO XX AL XXI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diana Elvira Soto Arango

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available La investigación presenta los orígenes de la convergencia digital desde la tecnología educativa, con la educación programada, la evolución, tendencias teóricas y la prospectiva en el contexto universitario colombiano. El período de estudio se enmarca desde el siglo XX, con la tecnología educativa hasta la prospectiva en el siglo XXI, con el reto de integrar las innovaciones tecnológicas, para optimizar la calidad en las funciones misionales, la competitividad, el reconocimiento y la cobertura estudiantil en el nivel universitario. Por tanto, analizamos algunas experiencias de influencia de la unificación de medios y la forma como se pueden beneficiar las instituciones universitarias dentro del contexto de la legislación colombiana. El método se sustentó en la historia social de la educación con la metodología de la educación comparada. Las estrategias se soportaron en fuentes documentales de legislación, informes y la bibliografía acompañada de proyectos en desarrollo. Se concluye cómo la convergencia digital permite la fusión de las dependencias en Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC de las universidades, para producir contenidos y servicios académicos, cambios en los hábitos de consumo de información por parte de los sujetos sociales y generar actitudes colaborativas y de aprendizaje autónomo, que permiten aportar a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje y a la construcción de conocimiento desde cualquier momento y lugar.

  5. Almería ante el contagio : la práctica sanitaria del siglo XVIII

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez Díaz, Donato

    2003-01-01

    Epidemias vividas en Almería durante el siglo XVIII y comienzos del XIX y medidas adoptadas para evitarlas; tanto en lo que concierne al contagio interior, como la vigilancia que requería la llegada de navíos. También se describen las consecuencias económicas para la ciudad, a causa de las medidas profilácticas tomadas. Por último, se analiza el papel de la Iglesia en situaciones extremas.

  6. Limpieza de sangre y división en estados: el municipio de Almagro durante el siglo XVI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jerónimo LÓPEZ-SALAZAR PÉREZ

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available La historiografía tardó en tomar conciencia de la verdadera importancia del problema de la limpieza de sangre en la España moderna. El asunto fue desvirtuado en el siglo XVIII y prácticamente olvidado en el XIX y primera mitad del XX.

  7. The Politics of Deception and the French Lais in the Roman de Fauvel, Manuscript Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fonds français 146

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Marinescu, R.C.I.

    2014-01-01

    The interpolated version of the French allegorical satire, the Roman de Fauvel, transmitted in manuscript Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fonds français 146 (produced in Paris ca. 1317), targets the corruption within the French royal court in the last years of the rule of King Philip IV of

  8. "Les savoirs alimentaires dans le Paris de la fin du Moyen Âge : entre pratique culinaire et hygiène alimentaire"

    OpenAIRE

    Rambourg , Patrick

    2008-01-01

    International audience; Comment se diffusent les savoirs alimentaires dans le Paris de la fin du Moyen Âge ? Tel est le propos de cet article. A cette époque, Paris est déjà une grande ville où affluent des denrées de toutes sortes. Trois pôles diffusent et organisent les savoirs alimentaires : les pouvoirs publics qui légifèrent sur l'approvisionnement et la sécurité du consommateur ; les professionnels de bouche qui codifient les normes de fabrication ; et les Parisiens qui transmettent la ...

  9. Figures and Institutions of the neurological sciences in Paris from 1800 to 1950. Part IV: Psychiatry and psychology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Poirier, J; Clarac, F; Barbara, J-G; Broussolle, E

    2012-05-01

    We present a short historical review on the major institutions and figures who contributed to make Paris a renowned centre of physiology and neurology during the XIXth and the first half of the XXth century. We purposely chose to focus on the period 1800-1950, as 1800 corresponds to the actual beginning of neurosciences, and as 1950 marks their exponential rise. Our presentation is divided into four chapters, matching the main disciplines that have progressed and contributed most to the knowledge we have of the brain sciences: anatomy, physiology, neurology, and psychiatry-psychology. The present article is the fourth of the four parts of this review, which deals with the chapter on psychiatry and psychology. When the French Revolution occurred, only a few institutions were taking care of the mentally ill. In the Paris area, these included Maison Royale de Charenton, Les Petites Maisons, and one of the departments of larger hospitals such as Hôtel-Dieu, the Salpêtrière Hospital and Bicêtre Hospital. One of the founders of psychiatry in Paris at that time and thereafter was Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) who was the first to distinguish insane/alienated patients from misfits, beggars, and other vagabonds. During the first half of the XIXth century, his student Jean-Étienne Esquirol (1772-1840) also played a major role with his treatise on mental diseases and the 1838 law and the creation of asylums in all parts of France. Alienists were in general caregivers and learned by themselves. In contrast, at the academic level, the emerging disciplines psychiatry and neurology were very close to each other in the second half of the XIXth century, the best example being Jules Baillarger (1809-1890). The actual development of psychiatry and psychology and the foundation of psychoanalysis later in the XIXth century and in the first half of the XXth century owed much to several European doctors and scientists, particularly those from British institutions and from German

  10. Guayaquil: un puerto colonial en los mares del sur, siglo XVIII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Eugenia Chaves

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo analiza el emplazamiento, las dinámicas económicas y las relaciones sociales que caracterizaron a Guayaquil durante el siglo XVIII. El desarrollo económico y productivo que experimentó la ciudad-puerto se debió a su feraz entorno natural y a las posibilidades de comunicación que brindó el sistema fluvial del Guayas. Se analizan las particularidades de su estructura social, las relaciones entre la elite y los sectores subalternos, las estructura político administrativa del cabildo y la influencia que este centro ejerció sobre los pueblos y partidos en su hinterland.

  11. Can the Paris Agreement stop global warming?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Howalt Owe, Selina; Pedersen, Jens Olaf Pepke

    in the year 2030 of about 55 Gt Carbon to 40 Gt Carbon. This can be compared to an approximate emission of 35 Gt in 2014 and thus means that a global rise in emission of only 5 Gt Carbon is allowed over the next 15 years Using the Danish Center for Earth System Science (DCESS)model [1] we have investigated...... how large an emission reduction is necessary to keep the global temperatures below these targets.The DCESS model is a low order Earth system box model which includes atmosphere, ocean, ocean sediment, land biosphere and lithosphere components, and using the year 1765 as the preindustriallevel. We have...... examined different emission scenarios and the national commitments and find that even if the Paris Agreement is fulfilled, global temperatures will have increased by 1.5 degree C in 2030, and then only a yearly percentage reduction of 5% or more will be sufficient to keep temperatures below 2 degree C...

  12. Contribution of the G20 economies to the global impact of the Paris agreement climate proposals

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    den Elzen, Michel; Admiraal, Annemiek; Roelfsema, Mark; van Soest, Heleen; Hof, Andries F.; Forsell, Nicklas

    2016-01-01

    By 15 December 2015, 187 countries had submitted their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) summarising their climate actions after 2020 in the context of the Paris Agreement. We used a unified framework to assess the mitigation components of INDCs covering 105 countries

  13. Mercado de trabajo y condiciones de vida en Mendoza a comienzos del siglo XX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Manuel Cerdá

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito del presente trabajo es analizar los cambios y las continuidades en el proceso de formación del mercado de trabajo en la provincia de Mendoza a comienzos del siglo XX. La incorporación de un número significativo de inmigrantes a finales del siglo XIX junto a un proceso de reorganización productiva asociado al desarrollo de la industria vitivinícola, implicó cambios en las relaciones sociales y en las condiciones de vida de amplios sectores de la población mendocina. Iniciado el siglo XX, la vitivinicultura se convirtió en la principal actividad productiva de la provincia y la más importante en su rubro a nivel nacional. Los viñateros, productores agroindustriales, industriales bodegueros, contratistas de viñas , etc., fueron constituyéndose en parte de una sociedad cada vez más heterogénea y diversa, producto del desarrollo capitalista que experimentó la región desde el último tercio del siglo XIX y que se insertó en el proceso de incorporación de la economía Argentina al mercado mundial. Este período resulta de suma importancia porque se determinó un sistema productivo en torno a la actividad vitivinícola de la provincia que dio forma al mercado de trabajo regional. En este contexto, la inserción de los trabajadores se dio de una manera muy dispar en el proceso productivo, caracterizado por una alta estacionalidad y una escasa especialización de la mano de obra requerida.The aim of this work is to analyze the changes and continuities during the process of formation of the labor market in the province of Mendoza in the early 1900s. Wide sectors of the Mendoza population saw their life conditions and social interactions change as a result of the absorption of a significant amount of immigrants by the end of 19 th century, together with a restructuring of production connected to the development of the wine industry. Shortly after the turn of the century, wine had become the main productive activity of that

  14. Las escuelas de párvulos en España durante el siglo XIX: Su desarrollo en la época de la Restauración

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    Carmen COLMENAR ORZAES

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: En este trabajo nuestro objeto de estudio será el desarrollo institucional de la educación infantil en España, durante la centuria anterior, constatando la situación de este nivel educativo a finales del siglo XIX. Desde entonces y hasta ahora, la educación infantil habría de recorrer aún un largo camino, durante nuestro siglo, hasta ser considerada como nivel escolar con inequívoco sentido educativo y siendo objeto de especial atención dentro del sistema formal de educación.

  15. PARIS project: Radiolytic oxidation of molecular iodine in containment during a nuclear reactor severe accident

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bosland, L. [Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire, DPAM, SEMIC, LETR - CEN Cadarache, BP 3, 13115 Saint Paul Lez Durance (France)], E-mail: loic.bosland@irsn.fr; Funke, F. [AREVA NP GmbH, Technical Center, P.O. Box 1109, D-91001 Erlangen (Germany); Girault, N. [Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire, DPAM, SEMIC, LETR - CEN Cadarache, BP 3, 13115 Saint Paul Lez Durance (France); Langrock, G. [AREVA NP GmbH, Technical Center, P.O. Box 1109, D-91001 Erlangen (Germany)

    2008-12-15

    In case of a hypothetical severe accident in a nuclear LWR (light water reactor), the high radiation fields reached in the reactor containment building due to the release of fission products from the reactor core could induce air radiolysis. The air radiolysis products could, in turn, oxidise gaseous molecular iodine into aerosol-borne iodine-oxygen-nitrogen compounds. Thereby, this reaction involves a change of iodine speciation and a decrease of iodine volatility in the reactor containment atmosphere. Kinetic data were produced within the PARIS project on the air radiolysis products formation and destruction, and on their reaction with molecular iodine, with the objective of developing and validating existing kinetic models. The current paper includes the non-iodine tests of the PARIS project whose objective was to determine the rates of formation and destruction of air radiolysis products in the presence of both structural containment surfaces (decontamination coating ('paint') and stainless steel), aerosol particles such as silver rich particles (issued from the control rods) in boundary conditions representative for LWR or PHEBUS facility containments. It is found that the air radiolysis products concentration increases with dose and tend to approach saturation levels at doses higher than about 1 kGy. This behaviour is more evident in oxygen/steam atmospheres, producing ozone, than in air/30% (v/v) steam atmospheres, the latter favouring the model-predicted on-going production of nitrogen dioxide even at very high doses. No significant effect of temperature, dose rate and hydrogen addition (4%, v/v) was observed. Furthermore, the inserted surfaces do not exhibit significant effects on the air radiolysis concentrations. However, these 'non-noticeable influence' could be due to a masking of small effects by the appreciable scattering of the experimental air radiolysis product concentrations. The PARIS results are then analysed using two

  16. PARIS project: Radiolytic oxidation of molecular iodine in containment during a nuclear reactor severe accident

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bosland, L.; Funke, F.; Girault, N.; Langrock, G.

    2008-01-01

    In case of a hypothetical severe accident in a nuclear LWR (light water reactor), the high radiation fields reached in the reactor containment building due to the release of fission products from the reactor core could induce air radiolysis. The air radiolysis products could, in turn, oxidise gaseous molecular iodine into aerosol-borne iodine-oxygen-nitrogen compounds. Thereby, this reaction involves a change of iodine speciation and a decrease of iodine volatility in the reactor containment atmosphere. Kinetic data were produced within the PARIS project on the air radiolysis products formation and destruction, and on their reaction with molecular iodine, with the objective of developing and validating existing kinetic models. The current paper includes the non-iodine tests of the PARIS project whose objective was to determine the rates of formation and destruction of air radiolysis products in the presence of both structural containment surfaces (decontamination coating ('paint') and stainless steel), aerosol particles such as silver rich particles (issued from the control rods) in boundary conditions representative for LWR or PHEBUS facility containments. It is found that the air radiolysis products concentration increases with dose and tend to approach saturation levels at doses higher than about 1 kGy. This behaviour is more evident in oxygen/steam atmospheres, producing ozone, than in air/30% (v/v) steam atmospheres, the latter favouring the model-predicted on-going production of nitrogen dioxide even at very high doses. No significant effect of temperature, dose rate and hydrogen addition (4%, v/v) was observed. Furthermore, the inserted surfaces do not exhibit significant effects on the air radiolysis concentrations. However, these 'non-noticeable influence' could be due to a masking of small effects by the appreciable scattering of the experimental air radiolysis product concentrations. The PARIS results are then analysed using two different kinetic models

  17. Logística del siglo XXI, rompiendo paradigmas

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    Nolán Sánchez Tovar

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Durante los últimos 200 años, el país ha sufrido grandes cambios en todos los ámbitos, lo cual le ha generado un posicionamiento estratégico a todos los sectores productivos, haciéndolos mucho más competitivos y dinámicos. Estos avances se han logrado gracias al cambio de paradigmas, propiciado por quienes han impulsado estos negocios, desde mediados del siglo XX, con la aparición del término Logística1 y el reconocimiento de las necesidades del cliente, procurando una mayor fidelizacion y al mismo tiempo una reducción de sus costos de operación y maximizando las utilidades. Para cumplir con esta nueva misión, es indispensable apropiarse de los cambios tecnológicos que se están produciendo, rompiendo el paradigma de hábitos tradicionales. El gran reto es comenzar por cambiar la mentalidad empresarial de sus equipos.

  18. Universidad y sociedad: los retos del nuevo siglo

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    Lino T. Borroto López

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available El término reto que se utiliza como título de este trabajo, sin lugar a dudas se ha puesto de moda, aún antes de iniciado el nuevo siglo (y milenio. Resulta que “vivir” en las condiciones de la posmodernidad, se ha convertido en un verdadero reto, cuando todo, desde el hambre hasta las guerras, desde vivir en la opulencia (con un alto indicador de drogadicción, como incentivo al tenerlo todo hasta vivir en la marginalidad (con un alto índice de delincuencia, como necesidad al no tener nada constituyen elementos de la cotidianidad. Traducido el término reto al espacio de la Universidad, desde nuestro punto de vista, significa pertinencia, calidad e internacionalización, y para evaluar estos aspectos en las páginas siguientes se hace necesario dar respuesta adecuada a muchas preguntas con respecto al papel de las universidades contemporáneas.

  19. The Daily Life of a Grantee in Paris. Attitudes, Perceptions, Practices

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    IONUŢ BUTOI

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available This research examines the importance of the 1932-1934 Paris scholarship of Ştefania Cristescu (one of the most important monographists of the Gustian School, viewed both as a personal strategic choice meant to consolidate her status as an academic researcher and as an occasion for us to learn about the daily life of the interwar Romanian students in Western Europe. I discuss in this paper why it is important to develop a social history of the academic formation of the intellectual elites of modern Romania through scholarships in foreign countries.

  20. THE DAILY LIFE OF A GRANTEE IN PARIS. ATTITUDES, PERCEPTIONS, PRACTICES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    lecturer IONUŢ BUTOI

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available This research examines the importance of the 1932–1934 Paris scholarship of Ştefania Cristescu (one of the most important monographists of the Gustian School, viewed both as a personal strategic choice meant to consolidate her status as an academic researcher and as an occasion for us to learn about the daily life of the interwar Romanian students in Western Europe. I discuss in this paper why it is important to develop a social history of the academic formation of the intellectual elites of modern Romania through scholarships in foreign countries