Initial Operating Experience with the ''NPD'' Reactor; Experience recueillie pendant les premiers mois de fonctionnement du reacteur NPD; Pervyj opyt po ehkspluatatsii reaktora NPD; Experiencia inicial de funcionamiento del reactor NPD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McConnell, L. G. [Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario (Canada)

1963-10-15

fueron satisfactorios-, el primer ensayo de explotacion, que duro seis semanas, permitio alcanzar un factor de potencia del 70%. Los perfeccionamientos introducidos han permitido mejorar el grado de seguridad y el rendimiento, y han revelado la posibilidad de reducir los gastos de inversion en centrales futuras. Por ejemplo, se han modificado las empaquetaduras de las bombas del circuito primario de refrigeracion para alcanzar mayor rendimiento; el equipo de recuperacion de vapor por congelacion ha sido sustituido por columnas de absorcion a fin de reducir las perdidas de vapor de agua pesada; se estan instalando limitadores de flujo en algunas tuberias para disminuir las perdidas de agua pesada en el caso de averias en las juntas. En diciembre de 1962, dos escapes simultaneos que se produjeron en el aparato de realimentacion del reactor en marcha dieron origen a una serie de incidentes poco comunes; una cantidad considerable de agua pesada a alta presion y temperatura se derramo en el recinto del reactor, alterandose ligeramente su pureza isotopica. Luego de purificarse el agua, el reactor pudo reiniciar su funcionamiento a fines del mes. Todos los dispositivos de seguridad y en especial los destinados a evitar los escapes de agua pesada funcionaron correctamente durante el incidente. (author) [Russian] Rassmatrivaetsya pervaya yadernaya ehlektrostantsiya Kanady, demonstratsionnaya ehlektrostantsiya, prednaznachennaya dlya ispytaniya ehkspluatatsionnykh kachestv stantsij kanadskogo tipa, ispol'zuyushchikh v kachestve topliva prirodnyj uran, a v kachestve zamedlitelya i teplonositelya - tyazheluyu vodu. 28 iyunya 1962 goda ehta stantsiya dostigla polnoj moshchnosti. Nesmotrya na to, chto ona proektirovalas' dlya raooty na bazovoj nagruzke, v techenie pervykh stadij ona budet chast' vremeni rabotat' na vysokikh urovnyakh moshchnosti i chast' vremeni - na ponizhennykh moshchnostyakh dlya v-neseniya usovershenstvovanij. Do sikh por nablyudalsya progress; pervyj period

Effect of the plutonium isotopic composition on the performance of fast reactors; Effet de la composition isotopique du plutonium sur le rendement de reacteurs a neutrons rapides; Vliyanie izotopnogo sostava plutoniya na rabotu reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh; Efectos de la composicion isotopica del plutonio sobre el funcionamiento de los reactores rapidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yiftah, S [Israel Atomic Energy Commission (Israel)

1962-03-15

fisionables por neutrones termicos ({sup 239}Pu y {sup 241}Pu), cuanto mas impuro sea el plutonio, tanto menor sera la masa critica y mayor la razon de reproduccion. Tomando como ejemplo el reactor de 1500 l, se comprobo ademas que al eliminar un 40 por ciento del sodio inicialmente presente en el cuerpo, la variacion de reactividad tiende a ser negativa a medida que aumenta la proporcion de isotopos superiores contenidos en el combustible de plutonio (en forma de metal, oxido o carburo). (author) [Russian] Izotopnyj sostav plutoniya, kotoryj dolzhen ispol'zovat'sya v kachestve goryuchego dlya reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh, budet zaviset' ot istochnika polucheniya plutoniya. V printsipe vozmozhny tri razlichnykh istochnika: a) proizvodyashchie reaktory; b) teplovye ehnergeticheskie reaktory (ispol'zuyushchie v kachestve topliva estestvennyj ili obogashchennyj uran); c) zony vosproizvodstv a reaktora na bystrykh nejtronakh. V osnovnom istochnik (a) i v nekotorom otnoshenii istochnik (s) budut davat' sravnitel'no 'chistyj' plutonij, t.e. glavnym obrazom plutonij-239, togda kak plutonij iz istochnika (b) budet 'gryaznym', t.e. plutoniem, bogatym izotopami plutoniya-240, plutoniya-241 i plutoniya-242. Stepen' 'zagryazneniya' budet zaviset' ot tipa reaktora, velichiny vygoraniya i voobshche ot istorii oblucheniya topliva. V takom sluchae voznikaet vopros, mozhno li ispol'zovat' v kachestve goryuchego dlya reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh lyubye vidy plutoniya. Dlya izucheniya vliyaniya razlichnogo izotopnogo sostava plutonievogo topliva v metallicheskom, oksidnom i karbidnom vide na rabotu reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh byli osushchestvleny ogranichennye serii podschetov po 16-gruppovoj diffuzionnoj teorii sfericheskoj geometrii s pomoshch'yu 16-gruppovogo komplekta poperechnykh sechenij, razrabotannogo nedavno Iftakhom, Okrentom i Mol'dauerom s ispol'zovaniem trekh razlichnykh vidov plutoniya, nachinaya s chistogo plutoniya-239 i povyshaya kolichestvo bolee vysokikh izotopov

The Main Technological Characteristics of Apparatus for Industrial Radiochemical Processes, in Particular Ethylene Polymerization; Caracteristique techniques fondamentals des appareils pour l'application industrielle de reactions chimiques sous rayonnement (notamment la polymerisation de l'ethylene ); Osnovnye tekhnologicheskie kharakteristiki apparatov dlya provedeniya radiatsionno-khimi-cheskikh protsessov (v chastnosti, dlya polimerizatsii ehtilena) v promyshlennom masshtabe; Principales caracteristicas tecnologicas de los aparatos para la aplicacion industrial de reacciones radioquimicas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Syrkus, N P; Breger, A K; Weinstein, B I [Karpov Physicochemical Institute, Moscow, USSR (Russian Federation)

1960-07-15

, Q {approx} W{sub 0}{sup 0'5}. (author) [Spanish] Se propone un metodo de evaluacion de la efectividad de los aparatos, cualquiera que sea su construccion, comparandola con la productividad de un aparato infinitamente grande que tenga la misma fuente de radiaciones. Se indican las caracteristicas tecnologicas de un aparato destinado a la polimerizacion del etileno mediante radiaciones (a presion de 200 atmosferas y temperatura de 25{sup o} C{sup 4} empleando como fuente principal radiaciones gamma de cobalto-60 a distintas actividades. Se pueden calcular los datos tecnicos de tal aparato segun el valor medio de la intensidad de las dosis, fijado segun la magnitud del coeficiente de rendimiento energetico del aparato. Se indica en el trabajo que, siendo las demas condiciones iguales, la productividad (Q) del aparato es funcion exponencial de la intensidad (W{sub 0}) de las radiaciones gamma del mismo. Para el aparato que se estudia en el trabajo la formula es: Q{approx}W{sub 0}{sup 0'5}. (author) [Russian] V doklade rassmotreny v obshchem vide otdel'nye naibolee vazhnye tekhnologicheskie kharakteristiki apparatov (na primere sfericheskogo apparata) dlya provedeniya radiatsionno-khimicheskikh protsessov v promyshlennom masshtabe. Predlozhen metod otsenki ehffektivnosti apparata lyuboj konstruktsii putem sravneniya s proizvoditel'nost' yu beskonechno bol'shogo apparata, imeyushchego tot zhe istochnik izlucheniya. Priveden raschet tekhnologicheskoj kharakteristiki apparata dlya radiatsionnoj polimerizatsii ehtilena (davlenie 200 atm, temperatura 25{sup o} C{sup 3} so sterzhnevym istochnikom gamma-izlucheni ya Co{sup 60} razlichnoj aktivnosti. Takoj apparat mozhno rasschityvat' po srednim znacheniyam moshchnostej doz, opredelyaemym po velichine ehnergeticheskogo KPD apparata. Pokazano, chto proizvoditel'nost'apparata (Q), pri prochikh ravnykh usloviyakh, yavlyaetsya stepennoj funktsiej moshchnosti (W{sub 0}) gamma-izlucheniya apparata. Dlya rassmotrennogo apparata : Q

Apparent diffusion coefficient for prediction of parametrial invasion in cervical cancer: a critical evaluation based on stratification to a Likert scale using T2-weighted imaging.

Science.gov (United States)

Woo, Sungmin; Kim, Sang Youn; Cho, Jeong Yeon; Kim, Seung Hyup

2018-03-01

To evaluate the value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for determining parametrial invasion (PMI) in cervical cancer, by stratifying them into subgroups based on a Likert scale using T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). This retrospective study included 87 patients with FIGO stage IA2-IIB cervical cancer who underwent preoperative MRI followed by radical hysterectomy. Radiological PMI was assessed on T2WI using a six-point Likert scale and ADC values of the tumors were measured. MRI findings were compared between patients with and without PMI. Differences in ADC according to the Likert scale were also assessed. 19 (21.8%) patients had pathological PMI. The prevalence of PMI was significantly associated with Likert scale (P PMI had significantly lower ADC values than those without PMI (P = 0.034). However, no significant difference was seen between patients with and without PMI within each Likert score group (P = 0.180-0.857). T2WI-based Likert score for radiological PMI and ADC values of the tumor were significantly associated with pathological PMI. However, the apparent association seen between ADC values and PMI may be due to contribution of high ADC values of MRI-invisible tumors rather than reflecting their relationship.

The usefulness of MRI and PET imaging for the detection of parametrial involvement and lymph node metastasis in patients with cervical cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Won; Park, Young-Je; Huh, Seung-Jae

2005-01-01

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) for the detection of parametrial involvement and lymph node metastasis in patients with cervical cancer. Thirty-six patients with cervical cancer were retrospectively enrolled. MRI and PET scans were performed for all patients within a week before radical surgery. The criterion for malignancy on MRI was >1 cm short axis diameter of the suspected lymph node. On PET, only fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake was significantly higher than the background and, if this FDG uptake showed on at least two consecutive axial slices, then the lesion was considered as a malignancy. We compared the extent of tumor on the surgical findings with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging, MRI and PET scans. The accuracy of FIGO and MRI staging was 67 and 84.4%, respectively. The accuracy for detecting pelvic lymph node metastasis was better for PET than for MRI (78 versus 67%, respectively). All FDG uptake lymph nodes were confirmed as metastatic lymph nodes by pathological evaluation; this included five lymph nodes <1 cm in diameter. MRI provides an improved evaluation of local tumor extension, but PET is more useful for the evaluation of pelvic lymph nodes than MRI; however, PET still misses microscopic disease. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the usefulness of PET/computed tomography (CT) for the accuracy of the disease extension and the cost-effectiveness of MRI, PET or PET/CT in patients with cervical cancer. (author)

Magnetic resonance imaging for detection of parametrial invasion in cervical cancer. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature between 2012 and 2016

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Woo, Sungmin; Kim, Sang Youn; Suh, Chong Hyun; Cho, Jeong Yeon; Kim, Seung Hyup

2018-01-01

To review the diagnostic performance of MRI for detection of parametrial invasion (PMI) in cervical cancer patients. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies providing diagnostic performance of MRI for detecting PMI in patients with cervical cancer. Studies published between 2012 and 2016 using surgico-pathological results as reference standard were included. Study quality was evaluated using QUADAS-2. Sensitivity and specificity of all studies were calculated. Results were pooled and plotted in a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic plot. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed. Fourteen studies (1,028 patients) were included. Study quality was generally moderate. Pooled sensitivity was 0.76 (95% CI 0.67-0.84) and specificity was 0.94 (95% CI 0.91-0.95). The possibility of heterogeneity was considered low: Cochran's Q-test (p = 0.471), Tau 2 (0.240), Higgins I 2 (0%). With meta-regression analysis, magnet strength, use of DWI, and antispasmodic drugs were significant factors affecting heterogeneity (p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis for studies solely using radical hysterectomy as reference standard yielded pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.73 (95% CI 0.60-0.83) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.90-0.95), respectively. MRI shows good performance for detection of PMI in cervical cancer. Using 3-T scanners and DWI may improve diagnostic performance. (orig.)

Magnetic resonance imaging for detection of parametrial invasion in cervical cancer. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature between 2012 and 2016

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Woo, Sungmin; Kim, Sang Youn [Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Suh, Chong Hyun [University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Namwon Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Jeollabuk-do (Korea, Republic of); Cho, Jeong Yeon; Kim, Seung Hyup [Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Institute of Radiation Medicine and Kidney Research Institute, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2018-02-15

To review the diagnostic performance of MRI for detection of parametrial invasion (PMI) in cervical cancer patients. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies providing diagnostic performance of MRI for detecting PMI in patients with cervical cancer. Studies published between 2012 and 2016 using surgico-pathological results as reference standard were included. Study quality was evaluated using QUADAS-2. Sensitivity and specificity of all studies were calculated. Results were pooled and plotted in a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic plot. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed. Fourteen studies (1,028 patients) were included. Study quality was generally moderate. Pooled sensitivity was 0.76 (95% CI 0.67-0.84) and specificity was 0.94 (95% CI 0.91-0.95). The possibility of heterogeneity was considered low: Cochran's Q-test (p = 0.471), Tau{sup 2} (0.240), Higgins I{sup 2} (0%). With meta-regression analysis, magnet strength, use of DWI, and antispasmodic drugs were significant factors affecting heterogeneity (p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis for studies solely using radical hysterectomy as reference standard yielded pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.73 (95% CI 0.60-0.83) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.90-0.95), respectively. MRI shows good performance for detection of PMI in cervical cancer. Using 3-T scanners and DWI may improve diagnostic performance. (orig.)

Integral physics data for fast-reactor design; Donnees de physique integrale intervenant dans les etudes de reacteur a neutrons rapides; Integral'nye fizicheskie dannye dlya raschetov reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh; Datos fisicos integrales para el diseno de reactores rapidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Loewenstein, W B; Meneghetti, D [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

1962-03-15

subcriticos, de las diversas magnitudes fisicas que presentan interes practico u/o teorico. Esas magnitudes fisicas caracterizan al sistema y permiten comprenderlo. Las mediciones mencionadas se refieren a la masa critica, el factor de forma del cuerpo, las razones de deteccion, los espectros neutronicos, los experimentos de sustitucion de materiales, la economia del reflector, la vida de los neutrones, el {alpha} de Rossi y otras magnitudes analogas. Los autores examinan estos datos y definen su campo de aplicacion. Demuestran que existen limites de validez para los resultados experimentales y analiticos en ciertos estudios espectrales y de criticidad. Proponen algunas investigaciones experimentales y analiticas que podrian constituir el objeto de futuros trabajos y que contribuirian a colmar la laguna entre la teoria y la experimentacion en los sistemas 'conocidos'. Al mismo tiempo, entre dichas investigaciones sugeridas se incluyen algunas tendientes a asentar sobre bases mas firmes la fisica de los modelos de reactores de potencia reproductores rapidos. (author) [Russian] Dlya sostavlennogo nedavno razdela o fizike reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh, kotoryj dolzhen vojti v vypuskaemoe vtoroe izdanie 'Postoyannye fiziki reaktorov', potrebovalos' sobrat' material po imeyushchimsya ehksperimental'ny m integral'nym dannym. Pri vklyuchenii v sostavlennyj razdel integral'nykh dannykh o fizike reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh, pomimo fakta ikh nalichiya, za osnovu byli vzyaty dva kriteriya: 1. ehti dannye polucheny iz otnositel'no prostykh sistem, kotorye pozvolyayut provodit' prostye teoreticheskie analizy; 2. slozhnye sistemy, kotorye yavlyayutsya prototipami ili modelyami, predstavlyayut osnovnoj interes dlya ehnergeticheskikh bystrykh reaktorov. Pervyj kriterij byl prinyat dlya togo, chtoby dat' perechen' integral'nykh dannykh takikh sistem, imeyushchikh ochen' obshchee primenenie dlya proverki parametrov secheniya i metodov raschetov. Vtoroj kriterij daet imeyushchiesya

Preoperatively Assessable Clinical and Pathological Risk Factors for Parametrial Involvement in Surgically Treated FIGO Stage IB-IIA Cervical Cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Canaz, Emel; Ozyurek, Eser Sefik; Erdem, Baki; Aldikactioglu Talmac, Merve; Yildiz Ozaydin, Ipek; Akbayir, Ozgur; Numanoglu, Ceyhun; Ulker, Volkan

2017-10-01

Determining the risk factors associated with parametrial involvement (PMI) is of paramount importance to decrease the multimodality treatment in early-stage cervical cancer. We investigated the preoperatively assessable clinical and pathological risk factors associated with PMI in surgically treated stage IB1-IIA2 cervical cancer. A retrospective cohort study of women underwent Querleu-Morrow type C hysterectomy for cervical cancer stage IB1-IIA2 from 2001 to 2015. All patients underwent clinical staging examination under anesthesia by the same gynecological oncologists during the study period. Evaluated variables were age, menopausal status, body mass index, smoking status, FIGO (International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology) stage, clinically measured maximal tumor diameter, clinical presentation (exophytic or endophytic tumor), histological type, tumor grade, lymphovascular space invasion, clinical and pathological vaginal invasion, and uterine body involvement. Endophytic clinical presentation was defined for ulcerative tumors and barrel-shaped morphology. Two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography was used to measure tumor dimensions. Of 127 eligible women, 37 (29.1%) had PMI. On univariate analysis, endophytic clinical presentation (P = 0.01), larger tumor size (P PMI. In multivariate analysis endophytic clinical presentation (odds ratio, 11.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-95.85; P = 0.02) and larger tumor size (odds ratio, 32.31; 95% confidence interval, 2.46-423.83; P = 0.008) were the independent risk factors for PMI. Threshold of 31 mm in tumor size predicted PMI with 71% sensitivity and 75% specificity. We identified 18 patients with tumor size of more than 30 mm and endophytic presentation; 14 (77.7%) of these had PMI. Endophytic clinical presentation and larger clinical tumor size (>3 cm) are independent risk factors for PMI in stage IB-IIA cervical cancer. Approximately 78% of the patients with a tumor size of more than 3 cm and endophytic

Use of Radioactive Tracers in the Study of Insect-Plant Relationships; Emploi des radioindicateurs dans l'etude des relations insecte-plante; Ispol'zovanie radioaktivnykh indikatorov dlya izucheniya vzaimnoj svyazi mezhdu nasekomymi ch rasteniyami; Empleo de marcadores radiactivos para estudiar las relaciones insecto-planta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Crossley, Jr., D. A. [Radiation Ecology Section, Health Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1963-09-15

habian pasaco la hibernacion de los adultos nuevos, porque la eliminacion del cesio en los primeros era mas rapida. En los estudios sobre poblaciones formadas por varias especies, la relacion entre el tamano del insecto y el indice de eliminacion sirvio para calcular el periodo medio biologico para la eliminacion del radiocesio por insectos harbivoros en una zona tratada con {sup 137}Ce. Este periodo medio y los datos sobre las masas biologicas vegetales e insectiles y sobre las concentraciones de radiocesio han permitido calcular el consumo de vegetales de una poblacion entera de insectos. Del mismo modo, se ha podido calcular el consumo de insectos de los artropodos depredadores basandose en las concentraciones estacionarias de radiocesio en los depredadores y en las victimas, las masas biologicas y el indice medio de eliminacion. (author) [Russian] Pri bolee rannem ispol'zovanii radioaktivnykh indikatorov v ehkologicheskikh issledovaniyakh nasekomykh-vreditelej ikh rasseyaniya i migratsii izuchalis' pri pomoshchi radioizotopov, kotorymi markirovalis' otdel'nye nasekomye. V poslednee vremya poluchilo rasprostranenie ispol'zovanie radioizotopov dlya izucheniya biologicheskoj assotsiatsii nasekomykh i rastenij, a takkhe khishchnykh nasekomykh i ikh dobychi, iskhodya iz opredeleniya potrebleniya imi pishchi. Biologicheskoe vydelenie radioizotopov, kotoroe meshaet izucheniyu rasseyaniya nasekomykh, ispol'zuetsya v nastoyashchee vremya dlya izmereniya kolichestva potrebleniya pishchi. Kak v polevykh issledovaniyakh, tak i v laboratornykh ehksperimentakh nasekomym daetsya vozmozhnost' dostich' v protsesse pitaniya sostoyaniya ustojchivoj kontsentratsii radioizotopov. V ehtikh usloviyakh temp pogloshcheniya dannogo radioizotopa raven tempu ego vydeleniya: (temp pogloshcheniya) = (velichine ustojchivogo sostoyaniya) x (skorost' poteri); Izmereniya tempov vydeleniya (biologicheskogo poluraspada) pozvolyayut perevodit' sostoyaniya ustojchivoj kontsentratsii v funktsii tempov

Parametri i praksis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Banke, Tore

2013-01-01

of Fine Arts, School of Architecture, Design and Conservation. The project investigates how daylight quality, solar radiation control, and visual and thermal control can be design pa¬rameters in the initial design phase. The research is based on practical experiments performed in the competition...

Radioactive preparation of defects in solids; Creation de defauts dans les solides au moyen de radioisotopes; Ispol'zovanie radioaktivnosti dlya obrazovaniya defektov v tverdykh telakh; Creacion de deiectos en los solidos mediante radioisotopos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lambe, J [Physics Department, Ford Motor Company, Scientific Laboratory, Dearborn, MI (United States)

1962-01-15

moleculaire solide. Les experiences effectuees montrent que l'emploi de ce procede est tout a fait possible et devrait convenir plus particulierement a la production de radicaux libres dans les matieres organiques dont la radioresistance est assez forte. (author) [Spanish] El estudio de los defectos que aparecen en los cristales casi perfectos constituye uno de los capitulos mas interesantes de la fisica del estado solido. Por lo tanto, la creacion controlada de los defectos deseados representa un aspecto primordial de esos estudios. Dos de los metodos que mas se emplean para introducir defectos de esta clase consisten en agregar deliberadamente impurezas quimicas y en radioinducir danos. El autor ha estudiado la posililidad de valerse de la desintegracion radiactiva para crear defectos en los solidos, La tecnica se basa simplemente en obtener un material lo mas perfecto posible, pero en el que algunos de los atomos del cristal consistan en isotopos radiactivos del mismo elemento. Al desintegrarse estos atomos, el elemento descendiente origina un defecto. A fin de comprobar la posibilidad de aplicar esta tecnica, el autor preparo atomos de tritio incorporados en cristales de tritio molecular solido. Los experimentos indican que el metodo es viable, y que deberia poder aplicarse ante todo a la separacion de aquellos radicales libres contenidos en sustancias organicas que sean bastante resistentes a los danos ocasionados por las radiaciones. (author) [Russian] Odnoj iz naibolee interesnykh oblastej fiziki tverdogo sostoyaniya yavlyaetsya izuchenie defektov v pochti sovershennykh kristallakh. Takim obrazom, umyshlennoe obrazovanie takikh defektov yavlyaetsya vazhnym aspektom ehtikh issledovanij. Dlya proizvodstva takikh defektov byli shiroko rasprostraneny metody khimicheskikh dobavlenij i povrezhdeniya radiatsiej. V nastoyashchem trude rassmatrivayutsya nekotorye vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnogo raspada dlya obrazovaniya defektov v tverdykh telakh. Metod ehtot

How often parametrial involvement leads to post-operative adjuvant treatment in locally advanced cervical cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and type C radical hysterectomy?

Science.gov (United States)

Martinelli, F; Bogani, G; Ditto, A; Carcangiu, M; Papadia, A; Lecce, F; Chiappa, V; Lorusso, D; Raspagliesi, F

2015-08-01

Parametrial involvement (PMI) is one of the most important factors influencing prognosis in locally advanced stage cervical cancer (LACC) patients. We aimed to evaluate PMI rate among LACC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), thus evaluating the utility of parametrectomy in tailor adjuvant treatments. Retrospective evaluation of consecutive 275 patients affected by LACC (IB2-IIB), undergoing NACT followed by type C/class III radical hysterectomy. Basic descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analyses were applied in order to identify factors predicting PMI. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox models. PMI was detected in 37 (13%) patients: it was associated with vaginal involvement, lymph node positivity and both in 10 (4%), 5 (2%) and 12 (4%) patients, respectively; while PMI alone was observed in only 10 (4%) patients. Among this latter group, adjuvant treatment was delivered in 3 (1%) patients on the basis of pure PMI; while the remaining patients had other characteristics driving adjuvant treatment. Considering factors predicting PMI we observed that only suboptimal pathological responses (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.22) and vaginal involvement (OR: 1.29 (95%) CI: 1.17, 1.44) were independently associated with PMI. PMI did not correlate with survival (HR: 2.0; 95% CI: 0.82, 4.89); while clinical response to NACT (HR: 3.35; 95% CI: 1.59, 7.04), vaginal involvement (HR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.12, 5.02) and lymph nodes positivity (HR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.62, 7.41), independently correlated with worse survival outcomes. Our data suggest that PMI had a limited role on the choice to administer adjuvant treatment, thus supporting the potential embrace of less radical surgery in LACC patients undergoing NACT. Further prospective studies are warranted. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Invasive cervical carcinoma (Stages IB-IIB)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sironi, S.; Zanello, A.; Rodighiero, M.G.; Vanzulli, A.; Del Maschio, A.; Taccagni, G.L.; Belloni, C.

1991-01-01

In the patients with invasive cervical carcinoma, the accurate assessment of parametrial invasion greatly affects the therapeutic choice between surgery and radiation therapy. As a matter of fact, surgery is usually performed only in the patients with carcinoma confined to the cervix, whereas those with parametrial involvement, or more advanced stages, are treated with radiation therapy. This prospective study was aimed at investigating the comparative adequecy of CT and MR imaging in assessing parametrial status in the patients with invasive cervical cancer. Twenty-one consecutive patients, with histologic diagnosis of cervical carcinoma, were investigated. All of them were clinically considered as having invasive cervical cancer (FIGO stage IB-IIB) and subsequently underwent surgery. In all cases, detailed histology of the parametrium was obtained. Pathological data were compared with CT and MR findings in all cases. As for assessing parametrial involvement by cancer, CT had 62% accuracy, 63% sensitivity, and 60% specificity, versus MR imaging 81% accuracy, 69% sensitivity, and 80% specificify. Therefore, MR imaging appears to be superior to CT in assessing the parametrial status of patients with invasive cervical carcinoma; the method yields valuable information for treatment planning

Application of radiochemistry to the preparation of high-purity silicon; Application de la radiochimie a la preparation de silicium de purete elevee; Primenenie radiokhimii dlya prigotovleniya kremniya vysokoj chistoty; Aplicacion de la radioquimica a la preparacion de silicio de elevada pureza

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ichimiya, Toeao; Baba, Hideo; Nozaki, Tadashi [Electrical Communication Laboratory, Musashino-Shi, Tokyo (Japan)

1962-01-15

concentracion de yodo en la corriente de gas empleado para la yoduracion, hallandose que este procedimiento podia aplicarse al control automatico de la reaccion de yoduracion a condicion de perfeccionar la tecnica utilizada. (author) [Russian] Radiokhimicheskie issledovaniya protsessa polucheniya kremniya vysokoj chistoty dlya ego ispol'zovaniya v kachestve poluprovodnika obespechili priobretenie razlichnogo roda poleznoj informatsii i metodov dlya razvitiya dannogo protsessa. Povedenie fosfora v kachestve primesi na ochistitel'noj stadii rekristallizatsii i na urovne zonal'noj ochistki izuchalos' putem ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnogo fosfora v kachestve mechenykh atomov i bylo vyyasneno, chto na kazhdoj stadii produkty gidroliza, nakhodyashchiesya v vzvesi s chetyrekhjodistym kremniem, igrayut vazhnuyu rol' v udalenii ne tol'ko fosfora, no i drugikh primesej. Byl ispol'zovan aktivatsionnyj analiz dlya opredeleniya kontsentratsii mysh'yaka na protyazhenii vsego protsessa i bylo ukazano, chto posle fraktsionnoj peregonki ona mozhet byt' snizhena do 10-13 chastej na million. Ukazyvalos' takzhe na osnovanii nejtronnogo aktivatsionnogo analiza, chto ehlementarnyj kremnij posle termicheskogo razlozheniya joda obychno soderzhit neskol'ko chastej joda na million, no ego kontsentratsiya mozhet byt' s pomoshch'yu prostogo sinteza snizhena na odin poryadok velichiny. Pogloshchenie myagkikh luchej bylo primeneno dlya opredeleniya kontsentratsii joda v jodistom potoke gaza i bylo najdeno, chto takoj printsip mozhet byt' primenen k avtomaticheskomu kontrolyu nad jodistoj reaktsiej s posleduyushchim razvitiem sootvetstvuyushchikh metodov. (author)

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of the Excess Fuel Coefficient on the Electrical Conductivity of Potassium-Seeded Hydrocarbon Fuel Combustion Products; 042d 041a 0421 041f 0414

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gol' denberg, S. A.; Zimin, Je. P.; Levlev, V. N.; Popov, V. A. [Energeticheskij Institut Im. G.M.Krzhizhanovskogo, Moskva, USSR (Russian Federation)

1968-11-15

zavisimosti mezhdu ionizaciej dobavki kalija i sostavom produktov sgoranija dvuh uglevodorodnyh topliv: benzina i metana. Variacija sostava produktov sgoranija obespechivalas' izmeneniem kojefficienta izbytka topliva v gorjuchej smesi. Izmerenija provodilis' pri neskol'kihfiksirovannyh znachenijah temperatury v diapazone ot 1850 do 3000 Degree-Sign K (polnoe davlenie - 1 at). Temperatura podderzhivalas' postojannoj (putem razbavlenija produktov sgoranija azotom). Poluchennye jeksperimental'nye dannye po provodimosti sootvetstvujut parcial'nomu davleniju dobavki kalija (1%). V oblasti vysokih temperatur (pri ispol'zovanii benzina v kachestve topliva) izmerenija provodilis' neposredstvenno pri dobavke 1%, togda kak v oblasti nizkih temperatur (pri ispol'zovanii metana v kachestve topliva) izmerenija provodilis' pri dobavke 3 x 10{sup -2}% a zatem rezul'taty byli pereschitany na dobavku 1%. Dlja izmerenija provodimosti ispol'zovalis' metod rezonansnogo kontura i metod zatuhanija radiovoln ({lambda} = 0,8 sm). Temperatura produktov sgoranija izmerjalas' po obrashheniju D-linii natrija. Izmerenija pokazali, chto jelektroprovodnost' produktov sgoranija s dobavkoj kalija umen'shaetsja pri umen'shenii kojefficienta izbytka topliva. Pri dostatochno bol'shih kojefficientah izbytka topliva jeto snizhenie projavljaetsja slabo. Rezkoe snizhenie jelektroprovodnosti (v neskol'ko raz) sosredotocheno v oblasti znachenij kojefficienta izbytka topliva, priblizitel'no ot 1 do 1,7. Dlja interpretacii jeksperimental'nyh dannyh ispol'zovalis'-rezul'taty teoreticheskogo rascheta vlijanija gidroksila ON na process ionizacii dobavki kalija cherez obrazovanie gidrookisi KON i zahvat chasti svobodnyh jelektronov s obrazovaniem otricatel'nogo iona ON{sup -}. Takoe sravnenie prodemonstrirovalo horoshee kachestvennoe soglasovanie jeksperimental'nyh i raschetnyh dannyh, chto podtverzhdaet pravil'nost' rassmatrivaemogo mehanizma vlijanija opredelennogo sostava produktov sgoranija na ionizaciju dobavki

Magnox Fuel Cycles; Cycles des combustibles gaines de magnox; Toplivnye tsikly magnoks; Ciclos de combustible magnox

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johnson, A. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Risley, Warrington, Lancs (United Kingdom)

1963-10-15

esquemas de irradiacion que se producen segun los diversos programas de carga del combustible, y describe someramente los metodos de calculo utilizados en la actualidad. Compara diversos programas de carga continua o intermitente del combustible. Estudia el problema de la irradiacion eficiente de la primera carga, junto con los metodos de reabastecimiento retardado y de transposicion de los elementos combustibles. Discute las ventajas economicas y los problemas que plantea la utilizacion de uranio, no natural en reactores de flujo nivelado. Formula consideraciones de orden practico sobre la carga de combustible durante la marcha en reactores nuevos y hace referencia a la experiencia adquirida en Bradwell y en Berkeley. Describe someramente el efecto que ejercen las variaciones del costo del combustible y de su resistencia sobre los aspectos economicos del ciclo de combustible. (author) [Russian] Rassmatrivaetsya vzaim o zavisimost' mezhdu potokom izlucheniya i temperaturnym raspredeleniem i kharakteristikami oblucheniya, vyzvannaya razlichnoj praktikoj zameny topliva, opisyvayutsya sushchestvuyushchie metody rascheta. Provoditsya sravnenie razlichnykh skhem zameny topliva, vklyuchaya kak sistemu vygruzki topliva portsiyami, tak i sistemu nepreryvnoj vygruzki. Problema ehffektivnogo oblucheniya pervoj zagruzki rassmatrivaetsya vmeste so skhemami zapazdyvayushchej nachal'noj zameny topliva i ego peremeshcheniya. Rassmatrivayutsya ehkonomicheskie preimushchestva i trudnosti ispol'zovaniya neprirodnogo urana v vyrovnennykh reaktorakh. Rassmatrivaetsya prakticheskoe reshenie skhemy zameny topliva na novykh reaktorakh i delaetsya ssylka na opyt, priobretennyj v Braduehlle i Berkli. Opisyvaetsya vliyani razlichnoj stoimosti topliva i prodolzhitel'nosti kampanii za ehkonomichnost' toplivnogo tsikla. (author)

Clinical stage I carcinoma of the cervix

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lien, H.H.; Blomlie, V.; Iversen, T.; Trope, C.; Sundfoer, K.; Abeler, V.M.

1993-01-01

Using MR imaging with a body coil parametrial invasion was determined prospectively in 169 consecutive patients considered on the basis of clinical examination to have carcinoma confined to the cervix. After radical hysterectomy correlation with histologic examination was performed for the left and right parametrium separately. The criterion for parametrial invasion was a high-signal-intensity lesion with disruption of the full thickness of the cervical stroma combined with areas of abnormal signal intensity within the parametrial region on T2-weighted images. Histologic examination showed that 18 parametria in 13 patients were invaded by tumor. MR had an overall accuracy of 93%, a sensitivity of 89%, and a specificity of 93% in demonstrating parametrial involvement. Positive and negative predictive values were 43% and 99%. The main weakness of MR was 21 false-positive tests. This represents a limitation when MR is performed with a body coil. (orig.)

Critical experiments and nuclear calculations - LAMPRE-I; Experiences critiques et calculs nucleaires concernant le LAMPRE-I; Kriticheskie opyty i yadernye raschety - LAMPRE-I; Experimentos criticos u calculos nucleares relativos al LAMPRE-I

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Battat, M E [Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, University of California, Los Alamos, NM (United States)

1962-03-15

utilise la methode S{sub n} pour resoudre le probleme du transport neutronique. La comparaison entre les valeurs calculees et les valeurs mesurees des parametres, tels que le coefficient thermique, l'efficacite des barres de controle et la masse critique, presente aussi de l'interet pour evaluer le degre de confiance que l'on peut accorder aux calculs des bureaux d'etudes. (author) [Spanish] Como parte de un programa de ensayos de combustibles de plutonio para reactores reproductores de neutrones rapidos, se ha construido y puesto en marcha en el Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory un reactor experimental de 1 MW refrigerado por sodio, cuyo cuerpo contiene una aleacion fundida de plutonio y hierro (90 atomos por ciento de Pu y 10 atomos por ciento de Fe; punto de fusion: 410 deg. C). La reactividad se regula por medio de un reflector de acero inoxidable y de cuatro barras de control de niquel situadas fuera del nucleo. Se han llevado a cabo experimentos a temperaturas (isotermicas) de 80, 160 y 480 deg. C en el cuerpo, a fin de determinar la masa critica y la eficacia del reflector a cada una de esas temperaturas. Tambien se midio la eficacia de las barras de control, por registro de los periodos y del coeficiente termico de la reactividad. Aplicando el metodo S{sub n} de resolucion del problema del transporte neutronico, se efectuaron calculos para determinar los parametros nucleares basicos del reactor. La comparacion entre los valores calculados y los valores medidos de parametros tales como el coeficiente termico, la eficacia de las barras de control y la masa critica, presenta tambien interes en lo que se refiere a la evaluacion del grado de confianza que puede atribuirse a los calculos del proyectista. (author) [Russian] V kachestve chasti programmy po razvitiyu plutonievogo topliva dlya reaktorov-razmnozhitele j na bystrykh nejtronakh Los-Alamosskaya nauchnaya laboratoriya skonstruirovala i ehkspluatiruet ispytatel'nyj reaktor s natrievym okhlazhdeniem moshchnost'yu v

The Application of Non-Metallic Core Materials in a High-Temperature Reactor Experiment; Utilisation de materes non metalliques dans le coeur d'un reacteur experimental a haute temperature; Ispol'zovanie nemetallicheskikh materialov dlya aktivnoj zony vysokotemperaturnogo opytnogo reaktora; Empleo de materiales no metalicos en el nucleo de un reactor experimental de alta temperatura

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huddle, R. A.U.; Shepherd, L. R. [Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Dragon Project, Atomic Energy Establishment, Winfrith, Dorset (United Kingdom)

1963-11-15

comportamiento de estos materiales en condiciones de funcionamiento normales. Se comunican los resultados de las investigaciones sobre irradiacion, asi como de los trabajos efectuados en los circuitos del reactor. El objetivo principal de este programa es el perfeccionamiento de los reactores de elevada temperatura refrigerados por gas para aplicarlos a la generacion de electricidad en condiciones rentables. (author) [Russian] Proekt vysokotemperaturnogo reaktora (DRAGON)sozdan dlya razrabotki tekhnologii vysokotemperaturnykh reaktorov s gazovym okhladitelem; v nem predusmatrivalos' sooruzhenie i ehkspluatatsiya opytnogo reaktora na 20 mgvt (tepl.). Reaktor, sooruzhenie kotorogo budet vskore zakoncheno, predstavlyaet soboj sistemu, okhlazhdaemuyu geliem; temperatura na vykhode iz aktivnoj zony budet dostigat' 750{sup o}C. V nem budet ispol'zovat'sya U-235 v kachestve goryuchego i torij v kachestve vosproizvodyashchego materiala. Kharakternoj osobennost'yu sistemy yavlyaetsya otsutstvie kakogo-libo metalla v aktivnoj zone. Vvidu togo, chto v reaktore dolzhny razvivat'sya ves'ma vysokie temperatury,' a imenno, 1050{sup o}C na poverkhnosti teplovydelyayushchego ehlementa i do 1500{sup o}C v naibolee sil'no nagrevaemykh tochkakh topliva, dlya ego sooruzheniya ispol'zovany ogneupornye nemetallicheskie materialy. Vse veshchestvo aktivnoj zony sosredotocheno v teplovydelyayushchem ehlemente, blagodarya chemu sootnoshenie mezhdu poverkhnost'yu teploperedachi i ob{sup e}mom aktivnoj zony dostigaet bol'shogo znacheniya, i, sledovatel'no, pozvolyaet dostigat' vysokoj srednej plotnosti ehnergii v sravnitel'no kompaktnoj sisteme. Kazhdyj teplovydelyayushchij ehlement sostoit ieh gruppy grafitovykh trubok, zapolnennykh grafitovymi tabletkami, soderzhashchimi rasshcheplyayushcheesya i vosproizvodyashchee veshchestva v vide karbidov. Gelievyj okhladitel' prokhodit po osi. kazhdogo teplovydelyayushchego sterzhnya i vyvoditsya u ego osnovaniya, okhladitel' zatem napravlyaetsya v ochistitel

Alteration of apoptosis-related genes in postmenopausal women with uterine prolapse.

Science.gov (United States)

Saatli, Bahadir; Kizildag, Sefa; Cagliyan, Erkan; Dogan, Erbil; Saygili, Ugur

2014-07-01

We aimed to compare expression levels of antiapoptotic and proapoptotic genes in parametrial and vaginal tissues from postmenopausal women with and without pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We hypothesized that the expression of genes that induce apoptosis may be altered in vaginal and parametrial tissues in postmenopausal women with POP. Samples of vaginal and parametrial tissues were obtained from postmenopausal women with (n = 10) and without (n = 10) POP who underwent vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy. Expression levels of antiapoptotic (BCL-2, BCL-XL) and proapoptotic (BAX, BAD) genes were studied by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Gene expression levels of BCL-2 (P gene expression levels of BCL-2 (p gene expression levels differed significantly between postmenopausal women with and without POP. Bcl-2 family genes were overexpressed in the parametrium of patients with POP compared with vaginal tissue, suggesting that the processes responsible for POP have a greater effect on parametrial tissue than vaginal tissue during the development of POP.

The Co{sup 60} Irradiation Facility and the Gamma Field at Riso; Appareil d'irradiation au cobalt-60 et champ sous irradiation gamma, a Riso; Ustanovka dlya obluchenij, rabotayushchaya na So60, i pole gamma-luchej v rizo; Instalacion de irradiacion con cobalto-60 y campo de irradiacion gamma en el centro de Riso

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brynjolfsson, A; Holm, N W [Danish Atomic Energy Commission, Establishment Riso (Denmark)

1960-07-15

. En la memoria se facilitan detalles relativos a su construccion y a las normas de seguridad que se han observado en el proyecto. Las determinaciones dosimetricas se han efectuado con ayuda de cuatro tipos de aparatos diferentes: 1. Camaras de ionizacion 2. Calorimetros 3. Dosimetros de Fricke 4. Peliculas fotograficas. En la memoria se hace asimismo una descripcion general del campo de irradiacion gamma y se dan detalles referentes a la posicion de la fuente. La intensidad de irradiacion es de unos 100 roentgens/hora a una distancia de 1 m. Las plantas sometidas a la irradiacion se cultivan en un campo de 15 m de radio. Se indican brevemente los diferentes productos que se han sometido a irradiacion en las dos instalaciones. (author) [Russian] V doklade opisyvayutsya ustanovka dlya obluchenij na Co{sup 60} i pole gammaluchej v Otdelenii sel'skogo khozyajstva Nauchno-issledovatel'skogo tsentra v Rizo. Ustanovka dlya obluchenij na Co{sup 60} soderzhit 1800 kyuri Co{sup 60}. Dayutsya detali konstruktsii, a takzhe ukazyvayutsya mery bezopasnosti, kotorye uchteny v konstruktsii ustanovki. Dozimetriya proizvoditsya pri pomoshchi chetyrekh razlichnykh metodov: 1. Ionizatsionnykh kamer; 2. Kalorimetrii 3. Dozimetra Frikke 4. Fotograficheskikh plenok Daetsya obshchee opisanie polya gamma-izluchenij, vklyuchaya detali raspolozheniya istochnikov. Norma dozirovaniya - priblizitel'no 100r/ch na rasstoyanii v odin metr. Dlya vyrashchivaniya obluchaemykh rastenij beretsya pole s radiusom v 15 metrov. Daetsya kratkoe ukazanie kategorii produktov, podvergaemykh oblucheniyu v dvukh ustanovkakh. (author)

Some possible uses of radioisotopes in the rubber industry; Certaines possibilites d'emploi des radioisotopes dans l'industrie du caoutchouc; Nekotorye vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnykh izotopov v rezinovoj promyshlennosti; Algunas posibilidades de utilizacion de los radioisotopos en la industria del caucho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shimorda, J; Mozhishek, M; Klimanek, L; Staroba, J [Nauchno-Issledovatel' skij Institut Tekhnologii Reziny i Plastmass (NIITRP), Gorod Gotval' dov, Chekhoslovatskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika (Czech Republic)

1962-01-15

A method is described for using beta-emitters (Tl{sup 204} and S{sup 35}) for measuring the wearing qualities of motor-vehicle tyres, checking the homogeneity of tyre rubber, and non-contact thickness-gauging of rubberized fabrics. (author) [French] Le memoire expose une methode permettant d'employer des emetteurs beta ({sup 204}Tl et {sup 35}S) pour la mesure de la resistance des pneumatiques d'automobiles, le controle de l'uniformite du caoutchouc des pneus et la mesure sans contact de l'epaisseur des tissus caoutchoutes. (author) [Spanish] Los autores describen un metodo de utilizacion de emisores {beta} ({sup 204}Tl y {sup 35}S) para la medicion de la resistencia al desgaste de los neumaticos de automovil para la verificacion de la homogeneidad del caucho destinado a la fabricacion de neumaticos y para la medicion a distancia del espesor de las telas cauchutadas. (author) [Russian] Opisana metodika ispol'zovaniya beta-izluchatelej (Tl{sup 204} i S{sup 35}) dlya izmereniya velichiny iznosostojkosti avtomobil'nykh shin, dlya kontrolya gomogennosti shinnykh rezin i dlya beskontaktnogo izmereniya tolshchiny obrezinennykh tkanej. (author)

Radiotherapy of Recurrent Uterine Cervical Cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ha, Sung Whan; Park, Charn Il; Chai, Kyu Young; Kang, Soon Beom; Lee, Hyo Pyo; Shin, Myon Woo

1987-01-01

Forty seven patients with locally recurrent uterine cerival cancer after surgery were treated with radiation during the 6 year period from 1979 through 1984 at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology of Seoul National University Hospital. In 30 out of the 47 patients, recurrence was diagnosed within 2 years after surgery. Site of recurrence was vagina in 19 patients, vagina and parametrium in 21 patients and parametrium only in 7 patients. Complete tumor control was achieved in 35 patients (74.5%) ; the complete response rates were 94.7% (18/19( in vaginal recurrences, 57.1% (12/21) in combined vaginal and parametrial recurrences and 71.4% (5/7) in parametrial recurrences. Overall and disease free survival rates at 4 years were 55.2 and 50.1 percent, respectively, for entire group. Overall 4 year survival rates were 77.0% for vaginal recurrences, 44.1% for vaginal and parametrial recurrences and 42.9% for parametrial recurrences. When the disease extent was classified in the same way as the staging system of FIGO, the 4 year survival was 80.4, 73.0, 25.0 and 0 percent for stage IIa, IIb and IVa, respectively

Bollettino Sismico Italiano: novità

OpenAIRE

Nardi, A.; Marchetti, A.; Modica, G.; Battelli, P.; Berardi, M.; Castellano, C.; Melorio, C.; Pirro, M.; Rossi, A.; Spadoni, S.; Arcoraci, L.; Lozzi, G.; Battelli, A.; Thermes, C.; Ciaccio, M.G.

2015-01-01

I parametri dei terremoti registrati dalla Rete Sismica Nazionale Italiana, localizzati nella sala di sorveglianza sismica dell’INGV, sono immediatamente disponibili sul web alla pagina http://cnt.rm.ingv.it/ e nell’Italian Seismological Instrumental and parametric Data-base (ISIDe; Mele et al. 2007) http://iside.rm.ingv.it/iside/standard/index.jsp. Questi eventi sono in seguito revisionati dagli analisti del Bollettino. Gli analisti ricontrollano i parametri di tutti i terremoti ottenuti ins...

Utjecaj napona mreže na karakteristiku momenta kaveznog asinkronog motora

OpenAIRE

Vusić, Mario

2017-01-01

Ovim radom prikazan je utjecaj napona mreže na momentnu karakteristiku kaveznog asinkronog motora, odnosno njegove vanjske karakteristike. Provedeni su pokusi ispitivanja kaveznog asinkronog motora kako bi se utvrdili parametri nadomjesne sheme. Dobiveni su parametri potom korišteni za računalnu simulaciju zaleta motora direktnim uključivanjem na mrežu u programskom paketu Matlab Simulink. Također proveden je i pokus zaleta asinkronog kaveznog motora u laboratoriju za električne strojeve ...

Effect of exercise training on in vivo insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in intra-abdominal adipose tissue in rats

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Enevoldsen, L H; Stallknecht, B; Fluckey, J D

2000-01-01

Intra-abdominal obesity may be crucial in the pathogenesis of the insulin-resistance syndrome, and training may alleviate this condition. We compared insulin-mediated glucose uptake in vivo in three intra-abdominal adipose tissues (ATs; retroperitoneal, parametrial, and mesenteric) and in subcuta......Intra-abdominal obesity may be crucial in the pathogenesis of the insulin-resistance syndrome, and training may alleviate this condition. We compared insulin-mediated glucose uptake in vivo in three intra-abdominal adipose tissues (ATs; retroperitoneal, parametrial, and mesenteric...

Laparoscopic surgery compared to traditional abdominal surgery in the management of early stage cervical cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Simsek, T; Ozekinci, M; Saruhan, Z; Sever, B; Pestereli, E

2012-01-01

The purpose of the study was to compare laparoscopic total radical hysterectomy with classic radical hysterectomy regarding parametrial, and vaginal resection, and lymphadenectomy. Laparoscopic or laparotomic total radical hysterectomy with advantages and disadvantages was offered to the patients diagnosed as having operable cervical cancer between 2007 and 2010. Lymph node status, resection of the parametria and vagina, and margin positivity were recorded for both groups. Data were collected prospectively. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS statistical software program. Totally, 53 cases had classical abdominal radical hysterectomy and 35 laparoscopic radical hysterectomy, respectively. Parametrial involvement was detected in four (11.4%) cases in laparoscopic radical surgery versus nine (16.9%) in laparatomic surgery. All the cases with parametrial involvement had free surgical margins of tumor. Also there were no significant statistical differences in lymph node number and metastasis between the two groups. There is no difference in anatomical considerations between laparoscopic and laparatomic radical surgery in the surgical management of cervical cancer.

Progress towards phosphorus-33 production: studies on the enrichment of sulphur-33 by means of anion exchangers; Mise au point d'une methode de production du phosphore-33: etudes sur l'enrichissement du soufre-33 au moyen d'echangeurs anioniques; Uspekhi v poluchenii fosfora-33: izuchenie obogashcheniya sery-33 pri pomoshchi anionnykh obmennikov; Progresos on la produccion de fosforo-33: estudios realizados sobre el enriquecimiento del azufre-33 por medio de intercambiadores anionicos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Forberg, S; Westermark, T [Division of Physical Chemistry, Kungl. Tekniska Hogskolan, Stockholm 70 (Sweden)

1962-01-15

{sup 33}S mediante intercambio quimico entre el HSO{sub 3}{sup -} y el H{sub 2}SO{sub 3} para la produccion del {sup 33}P, por ser el metodo que mejores perspectivas ofrece. Encontraron que el desplazamiento mediante HCl del HSO{sub 3}{sup -} fijado en los intercambiadores anionicos constituye un metodo excelente para lograr condiciones de contracorriente y de reflujo total en este sistema. Destacan algunos inconvenientes del metodo, que derivan de la necesidad de trabajar con un reflujo muy intenso. En el instituto de tecnologia de Estocolmo se ha construido una instalacion en que se aplica este proceso, y la memoria indica los parametros obtenidos y la experiencia adquirida durante su funcionamiento, asi como los resultados experimentales. El enriquecimiento obtenido, muy inferior al calculado segun los resultados de laboratorio, se atribuye a la formacion de una ''cola'' de H{sub 2}SO{sub 3} en la fase HCl. Los autores han investigado este problema y encuentran que quiza se pudiera resolver empleando disolventes organicos en vez de soluciones acuosas. (author) [Russian] V kachestve naibolee perspektivnogo sposoba polucheniya P{sup 33} bylo vybrano obogashchenie S{sup 33} khimicheskim obmenom mezhdu HSO{sub 3} i H{sub 2}SO{sub 3}. Vytesnenie HSO{sub 3} pri pomoshchi HCl iz anionnykh obmennikov okazalos' ochen' udobnym metodom dlya polucheniya protivotecheniya i sozdaniya massovogo potoka flegmy dlya ehtoj sistemy. Ukazyvayutsya nekotorye prisushchie sisteme nedostatki, svyazannye s trebovaniyami intensivnogo potoka flegmy. Dlya osushchestvleniya ehtogo protsessa pri institute byla sozdana osobaya ustanovka, v doklade izlagayutsya poluchennye parametry, operativnyj opyt i rezul'taty. Blagodarya obrazovaniyu H{sub 2}SO{sub 3} pri vytesnenii HSO{sub 3} s pomoshch'yu HCl dostigalos' znachitel'no men'shee obogashchenie, chem ehto predpolagalos' pri provedenii laboratornykh rabot. Bylo provedeno izuchenie ehtoj problemy, i vozmozhnym putem, veroyatno

Fabrication and Testing of Prototype APM-Clad UO{sub 2} Fuel Elements; Fabrication et essai de prototypes de cartouches de combustible en bioxyde d'uranium gaine d'aluminium (APM); Izgotovlenie i ispytanie prototipa toplivnykh ehlementov na osnove UO{sub 2} s obolochkoj iz alyuminiya metodom poroshkovoj metallurgii; Elaboracion y ensayo de elementos combustibles prototipo de UO{sub 2} con revestimiento de aluminio sinterizado

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ballif, III, J. L.; Friske, W. H.; Gordon, R. B. [Atomics International, Canoga Park, California (United States)

1963-11-15

los elementos combustibles se extrajeron del reactor a raiz de problemas suscitados por el instrumental utilizado para los ensayos. Los tres elementos restantes continuaban en el reactor. Todos los resultados de los experimentos realizados hasta la fecha parecen indicar que el sistema de combustible PMA-UO{sub 2} permitira alcanzar los objetivos fijados para el programa relativo al reactor POPR. (author) [Russian] V podderzhku Programmy prototipov organicheskikh ehnergoreaktorov (POPR) moshchnost'yu 50 mgvt (ehl.) byla provedena obshirnaya rabota po razrabotke poroshkovoj metallurgiej alyuminievykh materialov (APM) v kachestve obolochek dlya topliva iz UO{sub 2} . Kak chast' ehtoj raboty byli issledovany ehvteticheskoe soedinenie, svarke v styk oplavleniem i kholodnaya svarka. Kolduehlla pod davleniem kak metody dlya soedineniya stykov pri sborke toplivnykh ehlementov. Vibratsionnoe uplotnenie izuchalos' kak sredstvo zapolneniya trubok APM dvuokis'yu urana. Opyty vne reaktora provodilis' dlya.ogo, chtoby poluchit' informatsiyu o svomestimosti APM - UO{sub 2} . Ehta rabota pokazala, chto pri sushchestvuyushchikh usloviyakh ehvteticheskoe soedinenie yavlyaetsya naibolee podkhodyashchim sposobom dlya soedineniya stykov; vibratsionnoe uplotnenie davalo plotnost' topliva v predelakh ot 80 do 88% teoreticheskoj plotnosti, i ne nablyudalos' vzaimodejstvie APM -UO{sub 2} v diapazone ehkspluatatsionnykh temperatur POPR (temperatura poverkhnosti razdela toplivo - obolochka maksimum 850{sup o}F). V rezul'tate ehtoj raboty bylo izgotovleno 5 prototipov UO{sub 2}-APM toplivnykh ehlementov s tsel'yu ispytaniya na opytnom reaktore s organicheskim zamedlitelem. Kazhdyj ehlement sostoyal iz 24 ili 25 toplivnykh sterzhnej v obolochke iz APM i sgruppirovannykh v sistemu 5 x 5 v stal'noj korobke, pokrytoj nikelem, ili toplivnoj korobke ieh APM. Dlya togo, chtoby uvelichit' poverkhnost' ehlementa i tem samym znachitel'no uluchshit' teploperedachu, izgotovlennaya ehkstruziej obolochka ieh

Udvikling af systemleverancer, parametri og BIM

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kortegaard, Per

2016-01-01

Seminaret rummede indlæg fra både nogle af projektets tidligere ph.d.-studerende og forskellige kompetente professionelle personer fra forskellige grene af praksis. Seminaret gav samlet et fint billede af status indenfor udviklingen af systemleverancer og deres anvendelse i relation til BIM...

Blending topliva v Estonii nikem ne kontrolirujetsja / Andrei Akulistõi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Akulistõi, Andrei

2006-01-01

Vastavalt kehtivale seadusandlusele võib tollitsoonis asuvates naftaterminalides valmistada igasuguseid tooteid, isegi kui need oleksid ohtlikud meie keskkonnale ja inimestele, süsteemi toimimine praktikas

Fission gas pressure build-up and fast-breeder economy; Accumulation de la pression des gaz de fission et economie des reacteurs surgenerateurs a neutrons rapides; Nakoplenie davleniya gazov produktov deleniya i ehkonomika reaktorov-razmnozhitelej na bystrykh nejtronakh; Aumento de la presion de los gases de fision y economia de los reactores reproductores rapidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Engelmann, P [Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe (Germany)

1962-03-15

rascheta, pokazyvayushchie vliyanie ispol'zovaniya ehtikh materialov dlya obolochki i umen'sheniya plotnosti topliva na kriticheskuyu massu, a takzhe koehffitsient razmnozheniya v malykh i srednikh briderakh. (author)

The usefulness of dynamic MR imaging for the evaluation of cervical cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoon, Jeong Hee; Park, Yeong Mi

2004-01-01

We wished to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of dynamic MRI in assessing tumor visualization and the parametrial invasion of cervical cancer, and we also wished to determine the most adequate enhancing time by comparing the T2-weighted image (T2WI) and enhanced T1-weighted image (Gd-T1WI). Fifty-three women with histopathologically proven cervical cancer underwent a preoperative MRI. Using a 1.5 T magnet, the fast spin echo axial T2WI without fat saturation was taken; after contrast administration, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120 sec-dynamic MRIs were taken using fast SPGR and spin echo axial Gd-T1WI. Tumor conspicuity and parametrial invasion in each pulse sequence and the most adequate enhancing time for the evaluation of the tumor on dynamic MRI were evaluated prospectively by three radiologists working at three separate sessions. The results were then correlated with the histopathologic findings. The conspicuity of tumor on dynamic MRI (99.4%) and T2WI (95.6%) were better than on Gd-T1WI (89.3%). In the assessment of parametrial invasion of the tumor, the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic MRI, Gd-T1WI and T2WI was 79.9%, 78% and 76.1%, respectively; the highest values were for the dynamic MRI, but there was no statistically significant difference among three pulse sequences. The most adequate enhancing time on dynamic MRI was between 90 seconds and 120 seconds. Dynamic MRI is useful for the assessment of tumor visualization of cervical cancer, and the most appropriate scan time on dynamic MRI is between 90 seconds and 120 seconds. For the determination of parametrial invasion, the dynamic MRI revealed a higher diagnostic accuracy than that of T2WI or Gd-T1WI, but the differences were statistically insignificant

Technical Developments in the USAEC Process Radiation Development Program; Etudes technologiques dans le cadre du programme de mise au point d'applications industrielles des rayonnements de la CEA-EU; Issledovaniya v oblasti promyshlennogo primeneniya izluchenij, vkhodyashchie v programmu komissii po atomnoj ehnergii USAEC; Progresos tecnicos en el programa de la USAEC para el fomento de la irradiacion industrial

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Machurek, J. E.; Stein, M. H. [Division of Isotopes Development, USAEC, Washington, DC (United States)

1963-11-15

ispol'zovanie ioniziruyushchikh izluchenij v promyshlennosti. Provedeno chetyrnadtsat' takikh issledovanij, rezul'taty nekotorykh iz nikh izlozheny v obshchikh chertakh v dannoj rabote, ostal'nye izlagayutsya bolee podrobno - v drugikh stat'yakh trudov. Temy issledovanij vklyuchayut: 1. Prigotovlenie kombinatsij derevo-plastik, ispol'zuya gamma-izluchenie dlya indutsirovaniya polimerizatsii. 2. Ispol'zovanie beta-izlucheniya produktov deleniya dlya gidrogenizatsii uglya, i ego produktov s tsel'yu polucheniya zhidkogo uglevodorodnogo topliva. 3. Poluchenie poluprovodnikovykh priborov s formirovaniem zadannogo prostranstvennogo raspredeleniya primesej v zavisimosti ot legirovaniya putem nejtronnykh prevrashchenij. 4. Vyzvannaya izlucheniem polimerizatsiya ehtilena i sopolimerov. 5. Osnovnye issledovaniya mekhanizmov i kinetiki reaktsij, vyzvannykh izlucheniem. 6. Radiatsionno-khimicheskie protsessy pri ftorirovanii razlichnykh aromaticheskikh soedinenij. 7. Ispol'zovanie polifunktsional'nykh monomerov dlya intensifikatsii radiatsionnogo sshivaniya poliehtilena, polipropilena, poliizobutilena i atsetattsellyulozy. 8. Vliyanie nabukhaniya, deformatsii i temperatury na fizicheskie i khimicheskie svojstva polimerov, poluchennykh s pomoshch'yu radiatsii. 9. Vliyanie strukturnykh faktorov na radiatsionnye izmeneniya v polimerakh, privodyashchie k graftsopolimerizatsii. 10. Ispol'zovanie yadernykh izluchenij dlya modifikatstsii tekstil'nykh materialov. 11. Reaktsii, vyzvannye izlucheniem kriptona-85. 12. Podgotovka ''Spravochnika po radiatsii''. 13. Ispol'zovanie metalloorganicheskoj svyazi dlya gamma-dozimetrii pri bol'shikh moshchnostyakh dozy. 14. Razrabotka dozimetra s solnechnym ehlementom. (author)

Preliminary experiments with a solid-state ionization chamber; Experiences preliminaires au moyen d'une chambre d'ionisation a milieu solide; Predvaritel'nye opyty s tverdoj ionizatsionnoj kameroj; Experimentos preliminares con una camara de ionizacion en estado solido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Griffiths, R J; Batty, C J [National Institute for Research and Nuclear Science, Harwell (United Kingdom); Gibbons, P E; Northrop, D C [Service' s Electronics Research Laboratory, Baldock, Didcot (United Kingdom)

1962-04-15

A solid-state ionization chamber has been made by diffusing phosphorus into high-resistivity silicon to form ohmic contacts. Such a detector has been successfully used to detect 30-MeV protons. Preliminary results are given and discussed. (author) [French] Une chambre d'ionisation a milieu solide a ete realisee par diffusion de phosphore dans du silicium de haute resistivite pour former des contacts ohmiques. Un detecteur de cette nature a ete utilise avec succes pour detecter des protons de 30 MeV. Les auteurs presentent les resultats preliminaires obtenus. (author) [Spanish] Se ha construido una camara de ionizacion en estado solido, por difusion de fosforo en silicio de elevada resistividad para formar contactos ohmicos. Con esta camara se han logrado detectar protones de 30 MeV. Los autores presentan y examinan los resultados preliminares obtenidos. (author) [Russian] Tverdaya ionizatsionnaya kamera izgotovlena putem vklyucheniya fosfora v kremnij s vysokoj udel'noj soprotivlyaemost'yu dlya obrazovaniya omicheskikh kontaktov. Takoj detektor uspeshno primenyaetsya dlya obnaruzheniya protonov v 30 mehv. Predstavleny i obsuzhdayutsya predvaritel'nye rezul'taty. (author)

Evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of extension in uterine cervical cancer cases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goto, Masaki; Okamura, Shinsuke; Ueki, Minoru; Sugimoto, Osamu

1990-01-01

To prove the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the invasion of uterine cervical cancer with imaging planes, we evaluated 44 patients with histologically proved cervical cancer. MRI was performed with a Signa 1.5 T (General Electric), and a T 2 -weighted image was used. In coronal planes, the accuracy was 75.0% for parametrial invasion. It was impossible to diagnose in 77.8%, 92.1% and 63.2% the invasion of the uterine body, bladder, and rectum, respectively. In axial planes, the accuracy was 76.3%, 92.1% and 78.9% for the invasion of parametrium, bladder and rectum, respectively. It was impossible to diagnose in 72.2% the invasion of the uterine body. In sagittal planes, the accuracy was 80.6%, 97.4% and 89.7% for invasion of the uterine body, bladder and rectum, respectively. In all 39 cases it was impossible to diagnose parametrial invasion. In five cases, MRI failed to detect the tumor in any of the three planes, but in three cases it was able to detect the tumor in at least one of the three. We conclude as follows: MRI is a useful method in determining the invasion of cervical cancer. Coronal planes are recommended for the determination of parametrial invasion, axial planes for the parametrium, bladder and rectum, and sagittal planes for the uterine body, bladder and rectum. All three planes are needed to determine cervical cancer. (author)

Materials Control in the Fabrication of Enriched Uranium Fuels; Controle des Matieres au Cours de la Fabrication des Combustibles a Base d'Uranium Enrichi; Uchet materialov pri izgotovlenii topliva na obogashchennom urane; Control de Materiales en la Elaboracion de Combustibles de Uranio Enriquecido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cardwell, Jr., R. G. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1966-02-15

rashozhdenij; 3) svedenie maksimal'nogo chisla proverok v minimal'noe chislo zapjsej vo izbezhanie povtorenij i 4) vvedenie v sistemu dostatochnogo chisla perekrestnyh proverok dlja obespechenija nadezhnosti. V kazhdoj programme izgotovlenija uspeh obespechivalo vvedenie edinoobraznoj procedury na sledujushhih stadijah: 1) ishodnye materialy v tom vide, kak oni poluchajutsja; 2) izgotovlenie komponentov; 3) obrabotka komponentov i 4) obrashhenie s lomom. Svedenie dannyh ucheta v obshhuju glavnuju svodku okazalos' poleznym dlja podtverzhdenija pravil'nosti material'noj inventarizacii, dlja ocenki tehnologicheskih processov izgotovlenija i dlja sostavlenija otchetov dlja rukovodstva. Vyrabotka metodov vyborki prob i izuchenie rezul'tatov pokazali, chto dlja dostizhenija pravil'nogo sostava topliva neobhodimo proizvodit' mnogokratnyj kontrol'. V sluchajah, kogda samym vazhnym predstavljaetsja sostav topliva v vide splava, uspeshno primenjali mehanicheskoe gruppirovanie i izmerenie plotnosti. Obrashhenie s lomom igraet bol'shuju rol' v ustanovlenii material'nogo balansa, kotoryj pozvoljaet podtverdit' pravil'nost' sostava topliva i obespechivaet horoshee vedenie otchetnosti. Zapisi i instrukcii po obrashheniju s materialami, vkljuchaja metody sostavlenija partij i fizicheskoj markirovki, formulirovalis' takim obrazom, chtoby oni mogli byt' poleznymi dlja izgotovitelja pri kontrole nad kritichnost'ju. (author)

Improved method for lifetime measurements; Methode perfectionnee de mesure de la duree de vie; Usovershenstvovannyj metod izmereniya vremeni zhizni; Metodo perfeccionado para medir la vida media de los estados de excitacion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weinzierl, P; Bartl, W [Oesterreichische Studiengesellschaft fuer Atomenergie, Seibersdorf (Austria)

1962-04-15

entre los dos detectores. El espectro de impulsos del dispositivo sumador se hace incidir sobre un analizador de un solo canal para la seleccion de la energia deseada. El rayo {gamma} (I) se detecta en otro cristal organico. Los impulsos rapidos de ambos detectores organicos pasan a un convertidor tiempo-altura de impulsos y a un analizador multicanal. Este analizador se hace actuar como puerta mediante una coincidencia lenta entre los discriminadores de alturas de impulsos. (author) [Russian] Izmerenie vremeni zhizni yadra v vozbuzhdennom sostoyanii obychno osnovano na izmerenii otstavaniya odnogo gamma-lucha (II) po otnosheniyu k drugomu gamma-luchu (I) ili k beta-chastitse. Organicheskie stsintillyatory dayut nailuchshuyu razreshayushchuyu sposobnost' po vremeni dlya izmereniya vremeni takogo raspada, no dlya slozhnykh protsessov raspada opredelenie gamma-ehnergii predstavlyaet bol'shoe znachenie i mozhet byt' luchshe vsego dostignuto stsintillyatorami s kristallom NaI(Tl). Dlya sovmestnogo ispol'zovaniya preimushchestv detektorov togo i drugogo tipa gamma-luch (II) prezhde vsego rasseivaetsya v organicheskom kristalle (stil'ben), a rasseyannyj kvant detektiruetsya kristallom Nal(Tl). Dlya osushchestvleniya bol'shikh uglov priemki mezhdu dvumya stsintillyatorami izmerenie gamma-ehnergii dostigaetsya posle slozheniya amplitudy oboikh stsintillyatsionnykh impul'sov. Dlya obespecheniya nadezhnogo dejstviya ustanovki dlya slozheniya postupayushchie iz organicheskogo kristalla impul'sy prokhodyat prezhde vsego cherez strobiruyushchuyu skhemu, kotoraya initsiiruetsya sovpadeniem mezhdu dvumya stsintillyatorami. Spektr impul'sov, postupayushchij iz ustanovki dlya slozheniya, napravlyaetsya v odnokanal'nyj analizator dlya otbora po ehnergii. Gamma-luch (I) detektiruetsya v drugom organicheskom kristalle. Bystrye impul'sy oboikh organicheskikh stsintillyatorov napravlyayutsya v amplitudno-vremennoj preobrazovatel' impul'sov i v mnogokanal'nyj analizator. EHtot analizator

Využití metodiky RUP při vývoji webové aplikace menšího rozsahu v prostředí PHP 5

OpenAIRE

Albrecht, Jakub

2008-01-01

Práce se snaží zhodnotit možnosti využití metodiky RUP při realizaci projektu vývoje konkrétního informačního systému s danými parametry. Těmito parametry jsou malý rozsah, webová platforma a technologické prostředí PHP 5. V úvodu se práce zaobírá úlohou metodik při vývoji software, následuje představení metodiky RUP. Dále je probírána metodická podpora specifických charakteristik projektů. Vlastním přínosem práce je vytvoření vlastní instance metodiky RUP vhodné pro definovaný projekt a na z...

Jakostní parametry masa divokých prasat

OpenAIRE

Vicenec, Ondřej

2016-01-01

The topic of this bachelor thesis is the Quality parameters of wild boar meat (Sus scrofa). The aim of this thesis was to create a literature search with focus on quality parameters of wild boar meat, methodology of its qualification and on scientific conclusions dealing with such topic. This thesis includes the definition of the meat and game is according to the law, the characteristics of wild boar and its common illnesses. Hunting, the hit aim and further handling of the caught game is al...

Loss of heterozygosity and copy number alterations in flow-sorted bulky cervical cancer

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tillaart, S.A. van den; Corver, W.E.; Neto, D. Ruano; Haar, N.T. ter; Goeman, J.J.; Trimbos, J.B.M.Z.; Fleuren, G.J.; Oosting, J.

2013-01-01

Treatment choices for cervical cancer are primarily based on clinical FIGO stage and the post-operative evaluation of prognostic parameters including tumor diameter, parametrial and lymph node involvement, vaso-invasion, infiltration depth, and histological type. The aim of this study was to

Hemodynamic effects of a prostacyclin analog (Prostavasin) in systemic sclero-derma patients; Effetti di un analogo della prostaciclina (Prostavasin) sui parametri Doppler nei pazienti con sclerodermia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Salera, Diego; Argalia, Giulio; Giuseppetti, Gian Marco [Univ. Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona (Italy). Istituto di radiologia

2005-07-15

cerebrale, retro-orbitaria e splancnica (splenoportale, mesenterica e renale) nei pazienti derodermici. Materiale e metodi. Il gruppo di studio (GS) e composto da 50 pazienti affetti da sclerodermia con anamnesi negativa per malattie cerebrovascolari, epatopatie, nefropatie e oftalmopatie. In tutti i pazienti e stata studiata la vasodilatazione endotelio-mediata dell'arteria brachiale tramite la misurazione del diametro trasverso con sonda ad alta risoluzione; sono stati anche misurati l'indice di resistenza (IR) delle arterie cerebrale media, centroretinica, epatica propria, mesenterica superiore e renali, in condizioni basali e dopo tre giorni di terapia. AI fine di valutare la variabilita intra-osservatore delle misurazioni, e stato reclutato un gruppo di controllo (GC) composto da 10 volontari sani che sono stati studiati con il medesimo protocollo Doppler e rivalutati a distanza di tre giorni senza ricevere alcuna terapia. Risultati. Il GS ha dimostrato un significativo incremento della dilatazione endotelio-mediata dell'arteria brachiale, del diametro e della velocita media di flusso portale, dell'IP dell'arteria splenica all'ilo (pre-Prostavasin vs post-Prostavasin, p < 0,001). AI contrario il GC non ha mostrato significative variazioni dei parametri considerati. Gli IR delle arterie cerebrale media, centroretinica, renale, epatica propria e mesenterica superiore si sono ridotti dopo terapia nella maggioranza dei pazienti del GS pur non risultando statisticamente significativi. Conclusioni. Nel campione esaminato il Prostavasin ha dimostrato una potente azione vasodilatatoria prevalentemente a livello periferico ed ha incrementato la velocita media di flusso portale ed il diametro della vena porta, ma anche l'IP dell'arteria splenica all'ilo, non supportando l'ipotesi formulata da altri autori di una sua azione mirata e specifica sulle resistenze intraepatiche.

MRI assessment of cervical cancer for adaptive radiotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dimopoulos, Johannes C.A.; Schirl, Gertrude; Baldinger, Anja; Poetter, Richard; Helbich, Thomas H.

2009-01-01

Purpose: To assess the importance of the information obtained from MRI for adaptive cervix cancer radiotherapy. Patients and methods: 49 patients with cervix cancer, treated by external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and MRI-assisted high-dose-rate brachytherapy ± concomitant cisplatin, underwent MRI at diagnosis and at the time of brachytherapy fractions. 190 MRI examinations were performed. Pretreatment scans were correlated with clinical examination (CE) findings. Measurements in 3-D of the tumor extension and also of the distance from the tumor to the pelvic side wall were performed using both MRI and CE. The tumor volume regression induced initially by EBRT and the subsequent regression after each brachytherapy fraction were assessed. Results: MRI and CE showed 92% agreement in overall parametrial staging and 73% agreement in terms of vaginal involvement. There was, however, disagreement in parametrial side (right/left) classification in 25% of the parametria examined. These were patients with unilateral displacement of the cervix and contralateral invasion of the parametrium. The mean tumor volume on the pretreatment MRI scan (GTVD) was 61 cm 3 . At the time of the four brachytherapy fractions the mean was 16 cm 3 , 10 cm 3 , 9 cm 3 , and 8 cm 3 , defined as the GTVBT plus the gray zones in the parametria. Conclusion: CE and MRI findings agree well in terms of overall staging. The clinical assessment of side-specific parametrial invasion improved when having access to the additional knowledge obtained from MRI. The greatest decrease in tumor volume occurs during EBRT, whereas tumor regression between the first and subsequent brachytherapy fractions is minor. (orig.)

Primjena REL zavarivanja u izradi čeličnih konstrukcija

OpenAIRE

Horvat, Marko; Bilić, Marijan; Kondić, Veljko

2013-01-01

Ovaj rad govori o osnovama ručnog elektrolučnog postupka zavarivanja, o njegovoj primjeni, prednostima i nedostacima. Prikazani su parametri koji utječu na proces zavarivanja ovim postupkom, zatim dodatni materijali i na kraju osvrt na tehnologičnost samog postupka.

Probability distribution of atmospheric pollutants: comparison among four methods for the determination of the log-normal distribution parameters; La distribuzione di probabilita` degli inquinanti atmosferici: confronto tra quattro metodi per la determinazione dei parametri della distribuzione log-normale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bellasio, R [Enviroware s.r.l., Agrate Brianza, Milan (Italy). Centro Direzionale Colleoni; Lanzani, G; Ripamonti, M; Valore, M [Amministrazione Provinciale, Como (Italy)

1998-04-01

This work illustrates the possibility to interpolate the measured concentrations of CO, NO, NO{sub 2}, O{sub 3}, SO{sub 2} during one year (1995) at the 13 stations of the air quality monitoring station network of the Provinces of Como and Lecco (Italy) by means of a log-normal distribution. Particular attention was given in choosing the method for the determination of the log-normal distribution parameters among four possible methods: I natural, II percentiles, III moments, IV maximum likelihood. In order to evaluate the goodness of fit a ranking procedure was carried out over the values of four indices: absolute deviation, weighted absolute deviation, Kolmogorov-Smirnov index and Cramer-von Mises-Smirnov index. The capability of the log-normal distribution to fit the measured data is then discussed as a function of the pollutant and of the monitoring station. Finally an example of application is given: the effect of an emission reduction strategy in Lombardy Region (the so called `bollino blu`) is evaluated using a log-normal distribution. [Italiano] In questo lavoro si discute la possibilita` di interpolare le concentrazioni misurate di CO, NO, NO{sub 2}, O{sub 3}, SO{sub 2} durante un anno solare (il 1995) nelle 13 stazioni della Rete di Rilevamento della qualita` dell`aria delle Provincie di Como e di Lecco mediante una funzione log-normale. In particolare si discute quale metodo e` meglio usare per l`individuazione dei 2 parametri caratteristici della log-normale, tra 4 teoreticamente possibili: I naturale, II dei percentili, III dei momenti, IV della massima verosimiglianza. Per valutare i risultati ottenuti si usano: la deviazione assoluta, la deviazione pesata, il parametro di Kolmogorov-Smirnov e quello di Cramer-von Mises-Smirnov effettuando un ranking tra i metodi in funzione degli inquinanti e della stazione di misura. Ancora in funzione degli inquinanti e delle diverse stazioni di misura si discute poi la capacita` della funzione log-normale di

Major accident analyses for experimental zero-power fast reactor assemblies; Analyse des accidents graves pouvant survenir dans les reacteurs experimentaux a neutrons rapides de puissance zero; Analiz krupnoj avarii dlya ehksperimental'ny kh reaktornykh ustanovok nulevoj moshchnosti na bystrykh nejtronakh; Analisis de los accidentes graves que pueden producirse en los reactores experimentales rapidos de potencia cero

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fischer, G.; Barts, E. W.; Kapil, S.; Tomabechi, K. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

1962-03-15

autores explican como han adaptado la clave AX-I para calculos neutronico-hidro-dinamicos al caso de un gas que se ajusta a la ecuacion de Van der Waals. Otra modificacion importante introducida en la ecuacion de estado utilizada en la clave, consiste en emplear una ecuacion del tipo de Mie-Gruneisen, derivada de la teoria del estado solido. Esta modificacion permite evaluar de manera mas satisfactoria del termino de presion para el caso de cuerpos de composicion variable. Dado que en un conjunto de potencia cero las placas de uranio fuertemente enriquecido en el isotopo-235, se calentaran con mas rapidez que las de uranio empobrecido, la posibilidad de que se produzca un efecto Doppler positivo neto es mucho mayor en un conjunto experimental que en el reactor de potencia reproductor equivalente. Se ha estudiado este peligro en el caso de diferentes conjuntos posibles. Los calculos indican que en un conjunto de potencia cero el coeficiente Doppler solo alcanza un valor peligroso en los sistemas que poseen un espectro de energias neutronicas muy blando, caracteristico de los grandes reactores de potencia reproductores, alimentados con oxido de uranio. (author) [Russian] Provedeno issledovanie vozmozhnosti, mekhanizma i posledstvij rasplavleniya, a takzhe drugikh krupnykh yadernykh intsidentov dlya ehksperimental'nog o reaktora nulevoj moshchnosti na bystrykh nejtronakh tipa ZPR-III dvukhpolovinchatog o tipa. V dopolnenie k ehtomu issledovaniyu provedena otsenka znacheniya ehffekta Dopplera dlya mnogikh yadernykh reaktornykh ustanovok takogo reaktora. V doklade budet pokazano, chto yavlenie rasplavleniya maloveroyatno vvidu ogranichennogo kolichestva yavlenij, kotorye nuzhno postulirovat'. Posle rassmotreniya mekhanizma razrusheniya budut dany rezul'taty raschetov, svyazannykh s nejtronnoj fizikoj i gidro-dinamikoj , dlya dvukh reaktornykh ustanovok nulevoj moshchnosti. Provedeno issledovanie aktivnoj zony emkost'yu 1200 litrov, kharakternoj dlya otnositel'no bol

Rectal sonography before and after radiation treatment in inoperable cervical cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deutinger, J.; Bernaschek, G.; Tatra, G.

1989-01-01

Transrectal sonography is helpful in the classification of parametrial infiltration prior to treatment as well as in the follow-up. In this study, we performed rectal sonography in cases of inoperable cervical cancer to objectify the reduction of the infiltration of the uterine cervix and of the parametrium. Rectosonography was performed in 10 patients with histologically confirmed cancer of the uterine cervix before and after radiation treatment. The patients were treated with brachytherapy and teletherapy with an average radiation dose of 7680 rad. The whole therapy was finished after 6 to 9 weeks. Rectosonography enabled us to objectify the effect of radiation therapy. The length and width of parametrial infiltration could be measured in relation to the pelvis wall. Furthermore, the configuration of the parametrium could be imaged. Therefore, in cervical cancer, rectosonography is a valuable method to check and the documentate the effect of treatment and to diagnose recurrency. (orig.) [de

Geographical information system for radon gas from soil measurement; Il sistema informativo territoriale per la valutazione del potenziale di esalazione di radon dal suolo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Orlando, P.; Amici, M.; Altieri, A.; Massari, P.; Miccadei, E.; Onofri, A.; Orlando, C.; Paolelli, C.; Paron, P.; Perticaroli, P.; Piacentini, T.; Silvestri, C. [Milan Univ. Sacro Cuore, Milan (Italy). Servizio Centralizzato Radioisotopi; Belli, M.; Marchetti, A.; Petrocchi, A.; Rosamilia, S.; Serva, L.; Singh, G.; Tommasino, L. [Agenzia Nazionale per la Protezione dell' Ambiente, Rome (Italy); Minach, L.; Verdi, L. [Agenzia Provinciale per la Protezione dell' Ambiente, Bolzano (Italy); Bertolo, A.; Trotti, F. [Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell' Ambiente, Regione Veneto (Italy)

2000-07-01

The working program foresees the realization of an geographical information system for the check in field of the geological parameters and determination of uranium and radium contents in various type of rocks. It is here also pointed out a measuring method for radon concentration in soil. [Italian] In questo documento viene presentato il lavoro svolto fino ad oggi: dalla definizione dei parametri geologici ritenuti piu' significativi per la presenza di radon nel suolo e dalle misure in campo e in laboratorio, fino alla realizzazione del Sistema Informativo Territoriale (SIT) per la gestione dei suddetti parametri. Nel primo capitolo sono descritte le caratteristiche del radon, dal punto di vista chimico-fisico e geologico, per introdurre i criteri adottati nella scelta dei paramentri geologici e del loro peso per la valutazione del PERS (Potenziale di Esalazione Radon dal Suolo). Il secondo capitolo descrive il progetto in generale, mentre i successivi capitoli descrivono piu' in dettaglio la parte informatica e quella delle indagini sperimentali.

Thermodynamic Description Of Ternary Fe-B-X Systems. Part 2: Fe-B-Ni

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miettinen J.

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Przedstawiono termodynamiczny opis trójskładnikowego układu Fe-B-Ni w kontekście nowej bazy danych dla układów Fe-B-X (X = Cr, Ni, Mn, Si, Ti, V, C. Parametry termodynamiczne dwuskładnikowych stopów Fe-B. Fe-Ni i B-Ni zostały są zaczerpnięte z wcześniejszych opracowań, przy tym opis B-Ni został nieznacznie zmodyfikowany. Parametry dla układu Fe-B-Ni zostały zoptymalizowane w tej pracy w oparciu o eksperymentalne równowagi fazowe i dane termodynamiczne zaczerpnięte z literatury. Roztwory stałe w układzie Fe-B-Ni opisano przy użyciu modelu roztworu substytucyjnego, a borki traktowane są jako fazy stechiometryczne lub półstechiometryczne typu (A.BpCq opisane przy użyciu modelu dwu podsieci.

Status of computational and experimental correlations for Los Alamos fast-neutron critical assemblies; Correlation entre les calculs et les experiences sur les ensembles critiques a neutrons rapides de Los Alamos; Sostoyanie vychislitel'nykh i ehksperimental'nykh korrelyatsij dlya Los-Alamosskoj kriticheskoj sistemy na bystrykh nejtronakh; Conjuntos criticos de neutrones rapidos de Los Alamos; correlacion entre resultados calculados y experimentales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hansen, G E [Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, University of California, Los Alamos, NM (United States)

1962-03-15

conjuntos de {sup 233}U en geometria esferica sin reflector o con un reflector constituido por una espesa capa de uranio. El autor expondra correlaciones directas entre los datos experimentales, para indicar que existe a priori la posibilidad de alcanzar correlaciones satisfactorias con los datos calculados. Tambien presentara, para diversos conjuntos tipicos y a fin de establecer los detalles de calculo necesarios la sensitividad de los espestros calculados y de los tamanos criticos a los modelos de transporte nsutronico (aproximaciones de transporte e hipotesis de proporcionalidad) y a las aproximacione s aritmeticas (hipotesis de la segmentacion angular finita y representacione s de grupos multiples). Las comparaciones entre los resultados experimentales y las evaluasiones se refieren a los indices espectrales y a los tamanos criticos, asi como a los periodos de semidesintegracion y a las razones correspondientes a los neutrones retardados. (author) [Russian] Novye sistemy i uluchshennaya izmeritel'naya tekhnika predusmatrivayu t periodicheskij peresmotr sostoyaniya vychislenij v zavisimosti ot ehksperimenta. Sleduet podcherknut' vazhnost' nejtronno-spektral'nykh kharakteristik iz-za osobenno trudnorazreshimykh problem, svyazannykhs absolyutnym izmereniem spektral'nykh indeksov i neobkhodimost'yu proverok vychislenij sverkh prostogo kriticheskogo razmera. Postoyannoe uluchshenie izmereniya spektral'nykh indeksov vmeste s uvelicheniem tochnosti kak mikroskopicheskikh dannykh dlya detektora i materialov sborok, tak i vychislitel'noj tekhniki, privodit k postepennomu proyasneniyu kharakteristik gruppy kriticheskikh sistem na bystrykh nejtronakh. Ehta gruppa sejchas vklyuchaet aktivnye zony s U{sup 233} bez otrazhatelya i s tolstym uranovym otrazhatelem. Pryamaya korrelyatsiya sredi ehksperimental'ny kh dannykh budet predstavlena s tsel'yu ukazat' predshestvuyushchi e vozmozhnosti dlya uspeshnykh korrelyatsij s vychisleniem. Budet predstavlena chuvstvitel

Congenital absence of infrarenal IVC and iliac venous system : Unusual collateral Pathways

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Jin Joo; Lee, Byung Hee; Kim, Kie Hwan; Do, Young Soo; Chin, Soo Yil

1994-01-01

We present a case with congenital absence of the infrarenal portion of inferior vena cava and iliac venous system, showing unusual venous collaterals including the left ovarian venous collateral via parametrial venous complex, and a mesenteric-periureteric venous connection. The venous collateral pathways were demonstrated by computed tomography and venography

Tělesná stavba a rizikové markery pacientů po perkutánní transluminální koronární angioplastice (PTCA) s koronárními stenty

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Indráková, V.; Sedlak, Petr; Mazura, Ivan; Zvárová, Jana

2008-01-01

Roč. 58, č. 1 (2008), s. 14-18 ISSN 0862-5085 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) 1M06014 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10300504 Keywords : ischemická choroba srdeční * rizikové faktory * antropometrické parametry Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

The use of oxygen-14 in the study of positron polarization in a Fermi-type transition; Emploi de l'oxygene-14 pour l'etude de la polarisation des positions dans une transition du type Fermi; Ispol'zovanie kisloroda-14 dlya issledovaniya polyarizatsii pozitronov v prevrashcheniyakh tipa Fermi; Empleo del oxigeno-14 en el estudio de la polarizacion de los positrones en una transicion de tipo Fermi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmidt, F H; Gerhart, J B; Hopkins, J C; Bichsel, H; Stroth, J [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

1962-01-15

. Estos rayos gamma son dispersados en hierro imantado por efecto Compton e identificados en un contador de centelleo de Nal(Tl). La asimetria de .la seccion eficaz de dispersion con respecto a la direccion de magnetizacion esta relacionada con la magnitud original de la polarizacion de los positrones. El segundo metodo consistio en dirigir los positrones sobre una lamina de hierro imantada. La seccion eficaz de dispersion positron-electron, o de Bhabha, depende del sentido de la magnetizacion de la lamina de hierro con respecto a la polarizacion de los positrones. Los electrones y positrones dispersos fueron detectados en contadores de centelleo, de material plastico, conectados a un circuito de coincidencias rapidas. En ambos metodos las asimetrias previstas son pequenas, lo cual exige periodos largos de recuento. Los experimentos han demostrado que los positrones de 1 MeV procedentes de {sup 14}O tienen polarizacion dextrogira. El metodo de aniquilacion dio un valor (0,73 {+-} 0,17) v/c; el metodo de dispersion de Bhabha dio (0,97 {+-} 0,19) v/c. La teoria mas simple predice un valor de 1,00 v/c. Se supone que el metodo de dispersion de Bhabha es el que da mejores resultados, sobre todo porque la relacion entre la asimetria y la polarizacion es mas facil de calcular. (author) [Russian] V dvukh ehksperimentakh radioizotop O{sup 14} s korotkim poluperiodom raspada byl vybran dlya opredeleniya stepeni polyarizatsii obrazuyushchikhsya pri raspade pozitronov. V svete teorii dvojnogo betaraspada, predlozhennoj vpervye Li i YAngom, nesokhranenie chetnosti ukazyvaet, chto spinovyj moment kolichestva dvizheniya pozitronov polyariziruetsya v napravlenii dvizheniya na kolichestvo, proportsional'noe ikh skorosti, delennoj na skorost' sveta. Postoyannaya proportsional'nosti zavisit ot roda vzaimodejstviya, vyzyvayushchego protsess raspada. Svojstva 72-sekundnogo O{sup 14} podkhodyat dlya proverki nekotorykh aspektov ehtoj teorii. Kislorod O{sup 14} raspadaetsya ot nulevogo spina

Use of radioactive tracers in studying the transport of solids in watercourses; Emploi de traceurs radioactifs pour l'etude du transport solide dans les cours d'eau; Ispol'zovanie radioaktivnykh indikatorov dlya izucheniya peremeshcheniya tverdykh chastits v vodnykh potokakh; Empleo de indicadores radiactivos para el estudio del transporte de solidos en las corrientes de agua

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Courtois, G [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France); Jaeery, P; Heuzel, M [Laboratoire National d' Hydraulique de Chatou (France)

1962-01-15

aplicacion de los indicadores radiactivos a los estudios sobre modelos a escala reducida con el doble proposito de: a) disponer de un procedimiento de investigacion comun para los estudios efectuados sobre el terreno y en los modelos a escala reducida, con el objeto de poder controlar la fidelidad del modelo durante los ensayos de calibracion; b) aprovechar las ventajas que ofrecen los modelos a escala reducida en cuanto a facilidad de observacion y mediciones directas, para estudiar las posibilidades de mejorar el metodo de los indicadores, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la obtencion de datos cuantitativos. (author) [Russian] Natsional'naya gidravlicheskaya laboratoriya, vyrabotavshaya v sotrudnichestve s TSentrom yadernykh issledovanij v Sakle pribory i metody izucheniya dvizheniya donnykh otlozhenij pri pomoshchi metoda radioaktivnykh indikatorov, prilagaet v nastoyashchee vremya usiliya k tomu, chtoby osushchestvit' dejstvitel'no kolichestvennyj sposob issledovanij. Za poslednee vremya bylo provedeno dva opyta v prirodnykh usloviyakh v rekakh; pervyj iz nikh byl posvyashchen izucheniyu uvlecheniya gal'ki vodami Rony, a drugoj - izucheniyu peremeshcheniya peska v reke Niger. Parallel'no s poslednim opytom byli provedeny identichnye ispytaniya na makete reki Niger, sozdannom v laboratorii v SHatu. V ehtikh opytakh bylo ispol'zovano izluchenie margantsa-56 i natriya-24, vyzvannoe neposredstvennoj aktivatsiej tolchenoj kostochki abrikosa, izobrazhavshej v ispytaniyakh na makete prirodnye donnye otlozheniya Nigera. Sovmestnye usiliya laboratorii v SHatu i TSentra yadernykh issledovanij v Sakle napravleny v nastoyashchee vremya na primenenie metoda radioaktivnykh indikatorov k opytam na maketakh s dvojnoj tsel'yu: a) Vyrabotat' odinakovye metody issledovaniya v prirodnykh usloviyakh i na makete dlya proverki tochnosti maketa v stadii opytov po ehtalonirovaniyu; b) Ispol'zovat' legkost' vedeniya nablyudenij i proizvodstva neposredstvennykh izmerenij na maketakh dlya

Postoperative Chemoradiation Therapy in High-Risk Cervical Cancer: Re-evaluating the Findings of Gynecologic Oncology Group Study 109 in a Large, Population-Based Cohort

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Trifiletti, Daniel M. [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (United States); Swisher-McClure, Samuel [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (United States); Showalter, Timothy N. [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (United States); Hegarty, Sarah E. [Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (United States); Grover, Surbhi, E-mail: Surbhi.grover@uphs.upenn.edu [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (United States)

2015-12-01

Purpose: To review the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to evaluate postoperative high-risk cervical cancer patients for factors associated with a benefit from chemoradiation therapy (CRT) over external beam radiation therapy alone (EBRT). Methods and Materials: The National Cancer Database was queried for women with cervical cancer treated with hysterectomy and adjuvant EBRT from 2002 to 2012. Only patients with pathologic lymph node involvement (LN+), positive surgical margins, and/or parametrial invasion were included in our analysis (on the basis of Peter's criteria). Univariable and multivariable analyses (MVA) were performed, and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to investigate for factors associated with of CRT utilization and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 3053 patients met inclusion criteria, and 2479 received adjuvant CRT (81%), whereas 574 (19%) received EBRT alone. Factors associated with increased CRT utilization on MVA included age <69 years, year of diagnosis ≥2008, non-adenocarcinoma histology, and LN+. Use of CRT improved OS among the entire cohort on MVA (HR 0.76, CI 0.601-0.962; P=.022). On MVA, CRT improved OS in patients with LN+ as their sole Peter's criteria (HR 0.58, CI 0.413-0.814; P=.002). Chemoradiation therapy did not improve OS in patients with only positive margins (P=.73), only parametrial invasion (P=.95), or any combination of these 2 factors without LN+ (P=.63). Conclusions: The use of adjuvant CRT after hysterectomy improves OS in patients with high-risk cervical cancer compared with EBRT alone, but this benefit seems to be restricted to patients with LN+. The benefits of adjuvant CRT over EBRT alone in patients with parametrial invasion and/or positive margins (without nodal involvement) are unknown.

Scripting Fonetico nuove risorse per leggere il greco antico mediante la sintesi vocale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvia Gianferrari

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Lo scripting fonetico da lingua italiana produce finalmente una sintesi vocale del greco antico senz’altro soddisfacente per gli usi didattici della Scuola secondaria, per l’accesso alle banche dati che raccolgono l’intero patrimonio letterario della lingua antica e per l’editoria digitale costruita secondo i parametri dell’accessibilità.

Treatment of stage III carcinoma of the uterine cervix with telecobalt irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Souhami, L.; Melo, J.A.; Pareja, G.

1987-01-01

This is a retrospective analysis of 148 patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the cervix, stage III, treated with irradiation. All patients received external irradiation with cobalt 60 followed by intracavitary radium application. The median age was 55 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was found in 96.5% of the cases. The 8-year actuarial survival rate was 41%. Bilateral parametrial invasion proved to be a strong prognostic factor. Patients with unilateral disease had a survival rate of 43% whereas in those with bilateral involvement it was only 15% (P less than 0.005). The total pelvic failure rate was 29.5%. The overall incidence of distant metastasis was 11%. The complication rate (minor and major complications) was high, with vaginal stenosis (22.5%), proctitis (21.5%), cystitis (13.5%), and fistulae (4%) occurring in 33, 32, 20, and 6 patients, respectively. New treatment modalities are urgently needed for advanced carcinoma of the cervix. Bilateral parametrial involvement is an unfavorable prognostic factor and this should be kept in mind when designing new protocols

Effects on water quality from mud clearance operations in the Pezze' hydropower basin (Trentino, Italy); Effetti sulla qualita' delle acque legati alle operazioni di dissabbiamento del bacino idroelettrico di Pezze' di Moena (Trentino)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Canepel, R.; Cadrobbi, G.; Fedrizzi, F. [Agenzia Provinciale per la Protezione dell' Ambiente, Trent (Italy)

2000-07-01

The present paper describes dynamic concentration for various parameters, that have been monitored through both continuous and instant samplings, during maintenance operations (mud deposit clearance) in a hydropower basin along Torrent Avisio in Trentino region, Italy. Aim of the work is to demonstrate that, during such operations, an organic water pollution occur besides turbidity. The former is well expressed by a marked value increment of different parameters, as total phosphorus, ammonium and organic matter. [Italian] Il presente lavoro descrive l'osservazione dell'andamento delle concentrazioni di diversi parametri, rilevati in continuo e attraverso campionamenti istantanei, durante le operazioni di dissabbiamento di un bacino idroelettrico lungo un corso d'acqua, il Torrente Avisio in Trentino. Scopo del lavoro e' la dimostrazione della consistenza, in occasione di tali eventi, di un inquinamento delle acque, oltre che di tipo inorganico (intorbidimento), anche di tipo organico cioe' caratterizzato da uno spiccato incremento, rispetto alle condizioni normali, di una serie di parametri fra cui fosforo totale, azoto ammoniacale e sostanza organica.

Design of the Small Rods Forming the Fuel Element of the First Charge of the EL4 Reactor. Cladding Problems; Etude des crayons constituant l'element combustible du premier jeu d'EL4 - probleme de la gaine; Problema pokrytiya nebol'shikh steeknej, obrazushchikh toplivnyj ehlement pervoj zagruzki reaktora EL.4; Estudio de las barras que constituyen los elementos combustibles de la primera carga del reactor EL4 - el problema de las vainas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bailly, H.; Ringot, C.; Weisz, M. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

1963-11-15

) [Spanish] Las vainas de los elementos combustibles de la primera carga del reactor EL-4 son de acero inoxidable. La eleccion del grado del acero y del espesor de la vaina depende de la resistencia a la corrosion y de la resistencia mecanica que se deseen. Las tensiones y las temperaturas de funcionamiento no permiten concebir una vaina que resista durante toda la vida util del elemento combustible si no se uti liza un grado de acero muy resistente y un espesor,superior a 0,5 mm. Se admite que la vaina se adhiera al combustible por fluencia: la deformacion por juego en sentido diametral puede producir una ovalizacion y un pliegue; el juego longitudinal puede dar lugar a flexiones de la vaina. Se han realizado muchos ensayos con vainas de 0,3 a 0,4 mm de espesor para estudiar el modo de deformacion en funcion de los juegos. Para estar seguros de que no se produciran ovaliza ciones con los espesores previstos, y para mantener lo mas baja posible la temperatura en el interior de la barra es preciso eliminar completamente el juego durante la fabricacion. (author) [Russian] Dlya pervoj nagruzki toplivnogo ehlementa reaktora EL.4 ispol'zuetsya pokrytie iz nerzhaveyushchej stali. Vybor splava i tolshchiny pokrytiya svyazan s korrozionnymi i mekhanicheskimi svojstvami metalla. Rabochie napryakheniya i temperatury ne dast vozmokhnosti sproektirovat' pokrytie, stojkoe v techenie vsego sroka sluzhby toplivnogo ehlementa; dlya dostikheniya takoj tseli neobkhodimo bylo by ispol'zovat' ochen' stojkoe pokrytie tolshchinoj bolee 0,5 mm. Dopuskaetsya, chto pokrytie v protsesse spekaniya soedinyaetsya s toplivom. Diametral'noe izmenenie toplivnykh ehlementov mokhet privesti k obrazovaniyu oval'noj formy i nerovnostej; prodol'noe izmenenie sistemy toplivnykh ehlementov mokhet privesti k prodol'nomu izgibu pokrytiya. Byli provedeny mnogochislennye opyty v otnoshenii tolshchiny pokrytiya v predelakh' 0,3 - 0,4 mm s tem, chtoby vyyasnit' kharakter izmeneniya toplivnykh ehlementov v zavisimosti

PARAMETRY OSZKLENIA A KOMFORT CIEPLNY W STREFIE O REGULOWANEJ TEMPERATURZE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beata WILK-SŁOMKA

na kotle gazowym zasilającym grzejniki płytowe, konwekcyjne. Ocenę komfortu cieplnego przeprowadzono posługując się wskaźnikiem PMV. W rozważaniach uwzględniono podział na pory roku (lato, zima oraz porę dnia (dzień, noc poprzez przyjęcie odpowiednich wartości opisujących aktywność fizyczną człowieka (met oraz oporność cieplną odzieży (clo. Do analiz przyjęto 4 warianty oszklenia. Punkt odniesienia stanowi przeszklona fasada złożona z zestawu szybowego jednokomorowego wypełnionego powietrzem. Pozostałe warianty dobrano tak, aby odpowiadały współczesnym rozwiązaniom zestawów szybowych dla budownictwa niskoenergetycznego. Spełniają one aktualne wymagania izolacyjności termicznej, przy czym różnią się wartościami współczynników: przenikania ciepła U, całkowitej przepuszczalności energii promieniowania słonecznego g oraz przepuszczalności światła τvis. Są to zestawy trójszybowe, w których komory wypełniono argonem, szyby pokryto powłokami selektywnymi. Najbardziej korzystnymi z punktu widzenia uzyskania warunków odczuwania komfortu cieplnego dla opisanych powyżej założeń wydaje się być rozwiązanie W3.

Stress indotto dalla guida di autoveicoli: studio di parametri psicofisiologici

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. Vivoli

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

La guida di un autoveicolo, specie in condizioni di intenso traffico o di cattive condizioni meteoclimatiche, è considerata uno dei principali fattori stressanti della vita odierna. Durante la guida si possono infatti osservare significative risposte simpatoadrenergiche e cardiovascolari con la comparsa anche di episodi coronarici. Tali risposte presentano un’ampia variabilità interindividuale in quanto sono influenzate da vari fattori (stile di vita, personalità etc..

In questa rassegna, vengono presentati i principali risultati degli studi da noi condotti sulle risposte psicofisiologiche indotte dalla guida di diversi tipi di autoveicoli. In conducenti di autobus urbani è stato registrato un sensibile aumento del tasso urinario di adrenalina durante il turno lavorativo rispetto alla stessa fascia oraria di un giorno di riposo. Tale risposta adrenergica era esaltata dall’abitudine tabagica e dall’assunzione di caffè e bevande alcoliche. In soggetti che alla guida di camion coprono lunghe distanze, i più elevati tassi urinari di catecolamine e i più alti livelli di frequenza cardiaca sono stati registrati quando la guida era particolarmente stressante per la presenza di nebbia o di intenso traffico. In soggetti che partecipano, a livello amatoriale, a manifestazioni agonistiche di velocità su pista, abbiamo osservato che durante la gara, rispetto al periodo pre-gara, l’escrezione urinaria di catecolamine aumenta in misura molto rilevante. Analogamente a quanto osservato in autisti di camion, l’attivazione del sistema adrenergico è risultata direttamente associata ai livelli di ansietà. Dall’elettrocardiogramma dinamico è emerso che durante la gara la frequenza cardiaca raggiunge un valore medio di 163.5±7.4 battiti/min. (range: 146,180 battiti/min..

Un significativo peggioramento della percezione visiva stereoscopica, con potenziale ricaduta negativa sulla performance dei guidatori, è stato osservato in studenti universitari esposti per 5 ore al complesso dei fattori stressanti propri dell’ambiente della discoteca. In un recente studio condotto su autisti di autocarri abbiamo altresì osservato, al termine del turno di guida, un rilevante incremento del trombossano urinario che potrebbe rappresentare un marcatore di rischio cardiovascolare.

Preparation of Uranium Dioxide by Electrochemical Reduction in Ammonium Carbonate Solutions and Subsequent Precipitation; Preparation de bioxyde d'uranium par reduction electrochimique dans des solutions de carbonate d'ammonium et precipitation; Prigotovlenie dvuokisi urana metodom ehlektrokhimicheskogo vosstanovleniya v rastvore karbonata ammoniya s posleduyushchim osazhdeniem; Preparacion de dioxido de uranio por reduccion electroquimica en soluciones de carbonato amonico u precipitacion subsiguiente

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pravdic, V.; Branica, M.; Pucar, Z. [Department of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Yugoslavia (Serbia)

1963-11-15

dvumya 50-litrovymi rezervuarami i podavalsya k intensivno peremeshivaemomu rtutnomu katodu. Rabochij potentsial rtuti proveryalsya po ehlektrodu sravneniya Ag/AgCl/KCl (Sat.). Potentsial podderzhivalsya postoyannogo znacheniya - 1,5 vol't. Proizvoditel'nost' po toku byla okolo 90%, dlya protsessa vosstanovleniya potreblyaemaya ehnergiya sostavlyala okolo 0,8 kvt-chas/kg dvuokisi urana. Po okonchanii ehlektroliza osazhdenie initsiirovali tol'ko pri pomoshchi nagreva temnozelenogo, prozrachnogo rastvora do temperatury 70 deg. C v spetsial'nom steklyannom sosude ob''emom 60 1. Iz 50 1 katalicheskogo rastvora poluchili 1 kg tsentrifugirovannogo produkta (soderzhanie vody okolo 20%). Kulonometricheskij analiz otnosheniya O/U daval vsegda rezul'taty, lezhashchie v predelakh ot 2,04 do 2,0. Opisannym sposobom gidrookis' urana (IV) osazhdaetsya selektivno. Ustanovleno, chto otnoshenie O/U v osadke ne zavisit ot polnoty vosstanovleniya. Pri pomoshchi rentgenoskopii produkt identifitsirovan kak al'fa-faza dvuokisi urana. Opyty po spekaniyu i kharakteristike poluchennoj takim obrazom dvuokisi urana, prigodnoj dlya keramicheskogo yadernogo topliva, prodolzhayutsya. (author)

Reactivity coefficients by perturbation theory; Calcul des coefficients de re activite par la theorie des perturbations; Koehffitsienty reaktivnosti, opredelennye pri pomoshchi teorii vozmushchenij; Determinacion, de coeficientes de reactividad con ayuda de la teoria de las perturbaciones

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Webster, J W [International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria)

1962-03-15

(MCBR). Al calcular la reactividad, se comprueba que el coeficiente correspondiente a la densidad neta del mercurio en el primer proyecto del MCBR es negativo en algunas regiones, y positivo en otras. Es negativo en las regiones de peso estadistico maximo y en las que los cambios de densidad serian mayores al variar la potencia. Por lo tanto, el coeficiente global de densidad del mercurio es negativo, esto es, el coeficiente de vacios es positivo, lo que constituye una condicion que implica peligro. En la formulacion de dos grupos, se aprecia facilmente que modificaciones es preciso introducir en el diseno para que el coeficiente de cavidad sea negativo. Nuevas investigaciones demostraron que era posible introducir dichas modificaciones, lograndose establecer para el MCBR un diseno cuyo coeficiente de vacios es negativo. (author) [Russian] Razvitie formuly teorii vozmushchenij daet khoroshuyu vozmozhnost' ispol'zovat' odin iz glavnykh metodov matematicheskogo issledovaniya, t.e. proizvesti dejstvie po analogii ot prostogo k bolee slozhnomu. V ehtom doklade: a) Rassmatrivaets ya formulirovka teorii vozmushchenij v kachestve metoda rascheta koehffitsientov reaktivnosti. On sostoit, glavnym obrazom, iz razvitiya differentsial'nog o uravneniya dlya sopryazhennogo potoka kak postoyannoj funktsii polozheniya i letargii, vyvodimoe po analogii ot odnoj gruppy differentsial'nog o uravneniya dlya sopryazhennogo potoka. b) Daetsya primenenie dvukhgruppovoj formy teorii vozmushchenij dlya kipyashchego reaktorarazmnozhitelya na bystrykh nejtronakh s rtutnym teplonositelem (MCBR). Vidno, chto koehffitsient reaktivnosti rtuti nizshej plotnosti v khode pervogo ispytaniya proekta MCBR yavlyaetsya otritsatel'nym dlya nekotorykh oblastej i polozhitel'nym dlya drugikh. Odnako on yavlyaetsya otritsatel'nym dlya oblastej naivysshego statisticheskogo vesa i tam, gde izmenenie plotnosti s izmeneniem ehnergii okazyvaetsya naibol'shim. Obshchij koehffitsient plotnosti rtuti yavlyaetsya, takim

Commissioning Experience from the Agesta Nuclear Power Plant; Experience acquise lors des essais de mise en service de la centrale nucleaire d'Agesta; Opyt po vvedeniyu v ehkspluatatsiyu yadernoj ehnergeticheskoj ustanovki Agesta; Experiencia adquirida con la puesta en marcha de la central nucleoelectrica de Agesta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rydell, N. [Aagesta Kraftvarmewerk, Farsta (Sweden)

1963-10-15

The Agesta Nuclear Power Plant is a pressurized heavy water reactor of the pressure vessel type, fuelled with natural uranium. It was commissioned with light water from December 1962 to May 1963. Observations of a more general interest were made during this commissioning essentially on the following topics; (a) cleanliness of primary circuit (b) valve operation (c) pressurization of the primary circuit (d) water leakage (e) refuelling machinery (f) containment testing. (author) [French] Il s'agit d'un reacteur a uranium naturel et a eau lourde pressurisee, du type a caisson sous pression. Les essais de mise en service ont ete faits avec de l'eau ordinaire, de decembre 1962 a mai 1963. La mise en service a permis de faire des observations d'interet general sur les sujets suivants: a) non-contamination du circuit primaire; b) fonctionnement des vannes; c) maintien sous pression du circuit primaire; d) fuites d'eau; e) appareils de chargement du combustible; f) essais d'isolement. (author) [Spanish] La central nucleoelectrica de Agesta posee un reactor de agua pesada del tipo de recipiente de presion, con combustible de uranio natural. Se mantuvo en funcionamiento con agua ligera entre diciembre de 1962 y mayo de 1963. Durante esta prueba, se efectuaron observaciones de interes mas general, relacionadas esencialmente con las siguientes cuestiones: a) limpieza del circuito primario; b) funcionamiento de las valvulas; c) presion del circuito primario; d) perdidas de agua; e) dosposiciones de reposicion del Combustible; f) ensayos de confinamiento. (author) [Russian] Yadernaya ehnergeticheskaya ustanovka Agesta predstavlyaet soboj tyazhelovodnyj reaktor pod davleniem, ispol'zuyushchij prirodnyj uran v kachestve topliva. Reaktor byl vveden v ehkspluatatsiyu na obychnoj vode v period s dekabrya 1962 goda po maj 1963 goda. Zamechaniya bolee obshchego kharaktera byli sdelany vo vremya ehkspluatatsii v osnovnom po sledukhshchim temam: a) chistota pervichnogo kontura; b

MALA HIDROELEKTRARNA V VELENJU

OpenAIRE

Jelenko, Janez

2014-01-01

Namen magistrske naloge je preveriti možnost izgradnje male hidroelektrarne med Velenjskim in Družmirskim jezerom. Izvedena je analiza velike količine pridobljenih podatkov o stanju obeh jezer in pritokov. Glede na analizo podatkov so določeni parametri akumulacijske hidroelektrarne z opisi sestavnih delov male hidroelektrarne. Predstavljeni so vplivi na okolje. Narejen je ekonomski izračun za ugotavljanje smiselnosti projekta.

Composizione e dinamiche della microflora in differenti ecosistemi caseari

OpenAIRE

Santarelli, Marcela

2012-01-01

Il formaggio è un cibo biologicamente e biochimicamente dinamico contenente microorganismi sia intenzionalmente aggiunti come colture starter sia presenti come contaminanti avventizi di natura non-starter. La composizione della popolazione microbica si modifica sotto l’influenza di continui cambiamenti delle condizioni ambientali e delle interazioni tra i microorganismi durante la produzione e la stagionatura. Nel processo produttivo del formaggio, la selezione di parametri tecnologici pu...

The Number of Positive Pelvic Lymph Nodes and Multiple Groups of Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis Influence Prognosis in Stage IA-IIB Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yu Liu

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Pelvic lymph node metastasis (LNM is an important prognostic factor in cervical cancer. Cervical squamous cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 75-80% of all cervical cancers. Analyses of the effects of the number of positive lymph nodes (LNs, unilateral versus bilateral pelvic LNM and a single group versus multiple groups of pelvic LNM on survival and recurrence of cervical squamous cell carcinoma are still lacking. The study aimed to analyze the effects of the number of positive pelvic LNs and a single group versus multiple groups of pelvic LNM on survival and recurrence. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 296 patients diagnosed with Stage IA-IIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma who received extensive/sub-extensive hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy/pelvic LN sampling at Peking University People′s Hospital from November 2004 to July 2013. Ten clinicopathological variables were evaluated as risk factors for pelvic LNM: Age at diagnosis, gravidity, clinical stage, histological grade, tumor diameter, lymph-vascular space involvement (LVSI, depth of cervical stromal invasion, uterine invasion, parametrial invasion, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results: The incidence of pelvic LNM was 20.27% (60/296 cases. Pelvic LNM (P = 0.00 was significantly correlated with recurrence. Pelvic LNM (P = 0.00, the number of positive pelvic LNs (P = 0.04 and a single group versus multiple groups of pelvic LNM (P = 0.03 had a significant influence on survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that LVSI (P = 0.00, depth of cervical stromal invasion (P = 0.00 and parametrial invasion (P = 0.03 were independently associated with pelvic LNM. Conclusions: Patients with pelvic LNM had a higher recurrence rate and poor survival outcomes. Furthermore, more than 2 positive pelvic LNs and multiple groups of pelvic LNM appeared to identify patients with worse survival outcomes in node-positive IA-IIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma. LVSI

Construction and design of solid-propellant rocket engines. Konstruktsiia i proektirovanie raketnykh dvigatelei tverdogo topliva

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fakhrutdinov, I.K.; Kotel' nikov, A.V.

1987-01-01

Methods for assessing the durability of different components of solid-propellant rocket engines are presented. The following aspects of engine development are discussed: task formulation, parameter calculation, construction scheme selection, materials, and durability assessment. 45 references.

Movement of the cervix in after-loading brachytherapy: implications for designing external-beam radiotherapy boost fields.

Science.gov (United States)

Hombaiah, U; Blake, P; Bidmead, M

2006-05-01

Women with invasive carcinoma of the cervix treated by chemo-radiotherapy and brachytherapy may also receive a pelvic sidewall boost using a midline shield (MLS). The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of implanted gold grains in detecting the movement of the cervix caused by the insertion of low-dose-rate brachytherapy applicators, and its implications in designing the MLS. The medical records of 42 women with various stages of cervical carcinoma, who were treated by radical chemo-radiotherapy, were reviewed. All of these women underwent examination under anaesthesia (EUA) and a gold-grain insertion to demarcate the vaginal tumour extent, in the antero-posterior and lateral planes, before starting external-beam radiotherapy. The isocentric orthogonal films (simulator films) of external radiotherapy and brachytherapy were compared to assess the change in position of the gold grains and the consequences for the design of the MLS for parametrial and pelvic sidewall boosts. A significant shift in the position of the gold grains was noted in both the x (lateral) and the y (cranial/caudal) axes. The median shift of the midline, right and left lateral gold grains was 4.5, 5 and 7 mm in the x axis, whereas it was 10, 8 and 9.5 mm in the y axis, respectively. The median shift in the x and y axes was 5.5 and 9 mm, ranging from 1 to 40 mm and 1 to 45 mm, respectively. The gold grains were shifted cranially in 34 (80%) and laterally in 29 (69%) women. Thirty-two women (76.2%) received parametrial boost radiotherapy, of which 25 (59.5%) women had a customised, pear-shaped shield, and the remaining seven (16.7%) had a straight-sided, rectangular MLS. Four women (9.5%) relapsed locally, and three of them had been treated using a customised shield. In two of these four women, there was an absolute under-dosage of the central pelvis at the tip of the intra-uterine tube by 50% of the parametrial boost dose (5.4 Gy/3 fractions/3 days). Insertion of the gold grains

The Comparative Accuracy of the 4 {pi} Liquid Scintillation Counting Method of Radioisotope Standardization; L'exactitude comparee de la methode de comptage 4 {pi} a scintillateurs liquides pour l'etalonnage des radioisotopes; Sravnitel'naya tochnost' 4 {pi} zhidkogo stsintillatsionnogo metoda podscheta standartiziruemykh radioizotopov; Exactitud del metodo de recuento con centelleador liquido 4 {pi} para normalizar radioisotopos, comparada con la de otros metodos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steyn, J [National Physical Research Laboratory, Pretoria (South Africa)

1960-06-15

The accuracy of the 4 {pi} liquid scintillation counting method of standardizing {beta} emitters was compared to 4 l{pi} {beta}-{gamma} coincidence counting for the nuclides Co{sup 60}, I{sup 131} and Au{sup 198}. For P{sup 32} the liquid counting results were compared to 4 {pi} proportional counting. The efficiency of the liquid scintillation counting method was found to be energy dependent, dropping to about 97.5% for Co{sup 60} which was the lowest energy {beta} emitter investigated. (author) [French] La precision de la methode de comptage 4 {pi} a scintillateurs liquides pour l'etalonnage des emetteurs {beta} a ete comparee au comptage par coincidences 4 {pi} {beta}-{gamma} pour le So{sup 60}, le I{sup 131} et le Au{sup 198}. Dans le cas du P{sup 32}, les resultats du comptage au liquide ont ete compares a ceux du comptage 4 {pi} proportionnel. On a constate que le rendement de la methode de comptage a scintillateurs liquides variait en fonction de l'energie emise et qu'il descendait a environ 97.5% pour le Co{sup 60} qui, de tous les emetteurs {beta} etudies, emet l'energie la plus faible. (author) [Spanish] El autor compara la precision del metodo de recuento con centelleador iquido 4 {pi} para normalizar emisores {beta} con la del metodo de coincidencias {beta}-{gamma} 4 {pi}, para los siguientes nuclidos: So{sup 60}, I{sup 131} y Au{sup 198}. En el caso del P{sup 32}, confronta los resultados del primer metodo con los obtenidos mediante el recuento proporcional 4 {pi}. Comprueba que la eficacia del metodo de recuento con centelleador liquido depende de la energia y desciende al 97.5%, aproximadamente, para el Co{sup 60}, que fue el emisor {beta} mas debil que se investigo. (author) [Russian] Tochnost' 4 {pi} zhidkogo stsintillyatsionnog o metoda podscheta standartiziruemogo {beta}-izluchatelya sravnivalas' s 4 {pi} {beta}-{gamma} metodom podscheta na sovpadeniyakh dlya izotopov So{sup 60}, I{sup 131} i Au{sup 198}. Dlya R{sup 32} rezultaty zhidkogo

Performance Driven Design Systems In Practice

OpenAIRE

Joyce, Sam

2015-01-01

This thesis is concerned with the application of computation in the context of professional architectural practice and specifically towards defining complex buildingsthat are highly integrated with respect to design and engineering performance.The thesis represents applied research undertaken whilst in practice at Foster + Partners.It reviews the current state of the art of computational design techniques to quickly but flexibly model and analyse building options. The application of parametri...

Design Experience on a Multi-Mecacurie Radiation Facility; Etudes et experiences concernant un emetteur de rayonnements de plusieurs megacuries; Opytnoe proektirovani e ustanovki, obladayushchej sverkhmoshchnym izlucheniem; Estudios sobre el proyecto de un dispositivo de irradiacion de varios megacuries

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brunton, D C; Donovan, J; Voyvodic, L [Curtiss-Wright Corporation, Princeton, NJ (United States); Armour Research Foundation, 10 W. 35th Street, Chicago 10, IL (United States)

1960-07-15

tipo placa. Los autores examinan los requisitos tecnicos en lo referente a los dispositivos de transporte de las sustancias en relacion con la estructura de la fuente y con sus efectos sobre el rendimiento. De igual modo estudian los metodos de manipulacion de la fuente, las sistemas de seguridad y los dispositivos de regulacion. Por ultimo, describen la preparacion de la sustancia radiactiva propiamente dicha, comprendida su medicion, introduccion en la capsula y prueba de estanqueidad. (author) [Russian] V dannom dokumente opisyvaetsya rabota po issledovaniyu i razrabotke proekta i stroitel'stva izluchatelya, kotoraya provodilas' v svyazi s proektom ''Vysokointensivnyj izluchatel' dlya pishchevykh produktov''. Obsuzhdaemye problemy yavlyayutsya obshchimi dlya vsekh bol'shikh i malogabaritnykh izluchatelej. Pervaya stadiya raboty po issledovaniyu i razrabotke proekta kasalas' uyasneniya roli diskovogo tipa izluchatelej, a takzhe vliyaniya izmenenij v parametrakh pri sooruzhenii takoj ustanovki. Vnachale sooruzhenie odnogo diskovogo izluchatelya bylo izucheno putem provedeniya teoreticheskogo ehksperimental'nogo i raschetnogo analizov. Izuchennye parametry kasalis' kolichestva iskhodnykh materialov, konkretnoj aktivnosti, tolshchiny istochnika i ego pokrytiya, plotnosti misheni i geometricheskikh faktorov, vklyuchaya vysotu, dlinu i shirinu istochnika, a takzhe razmer vozdushnogo promezhutka mezhdu istochnikom i mishen'yu. Bylo provedeno izuchenie voprosov stroitel'stva , kotorye kasalis' moshchnosti, vremeni prebyvaniya produktov v ustanovke, edinoobraziya dozy, ehffektivnosti i obshchej stoimosti. Byli razrabotany i provereny na opyte uproshchennye sposoby sooruzheniya izluchatelya. Byl razrabotan trekhrazmernyj printsip dlya primeneniya k stroitel'stvu izluchatelya tipa Monte Karlo. EHtot printsip primenyalsya v dannoj probleme s provedeniem sootvetstvuyushchikh ehksperimental'nykh izmerenij. Programma proektirovaniya izluchatelya byla rasshirena dlya vklyucheniya

Application of radioisotopes to studies of crystal imperfections; Application des radioisotopes a l'etude des imperfections des cristaux; Primenenie radioizotopov dlya izucheniya defektov v kristallakh; Aplicaciones de los radioisotopos al estudio de las imperfecciones cristalinas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sproull, R L; Slack, G A; Moss, M; Pohl, R O; Krumhansl, J A [Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (United States)

1962-01-15

indicadores anadidos. La segunda aplicacion consiste en introducir en los haluros alcalinos pequenas cantidades de iones-impureza a fin de poder estudiar la dispersion de fonones causada por dichas impurezas, o por los huecos que crean en la red cristalina; los autores efectuan las mediciones correspondientes a temperaturas muy bajas, ya que en tales condiciones las imperfecciones de la red imponen limitaciones al libre recorrido medio de los fonones. En estos trabajos han empleado generalmente el radioisotopo {sup 45}Ca. Los autores pasan revista a los resultados de su labor, citan algunas aplicaciones actuales de los radioisotopos en este campo y formulan observaciones sobre sus posibles aplicaciones en lo futuro. (author) [Russian] Radioizotopy byli ispol'zovany v dvukh vazhnykh napravleniyakh dlya izucheniya defektov v shchelochnykh galoidnykh kristallakh. Zonal'noe rafinirovanie soedinenij proveryalos' izotopnymi indikatorami, a koehffitsienty izolyatsii opredelyalis' iz poluchennykh dannykh. Drugoe primenenie zaklyuchalos' v vvedenii nebol'shikh kontsentratsij primesej ionov v shchelochnye galoidy s tem, chtoby izuchit' rasseyanie fononov takimi defektami ili vakansiyami, imi vyzyvaemymi; ehti izmereniya proizvodyatsya pri ochen' nizkikh temperaturakh, pri kotorykh srednyaya velichina svobodnogo probega fonona ogranichivaetsya defektami reshetki. Radioizotopom, poluchivshim naibolee shirokoe primenenie, yavlyaetsya kal'tsij-45. (author)

Application of tritiated water as a tracer for quantitative determination of water flow distribution in an oil-field; Emploi de l'eau tritiee comme indicateur pour l'etude quantitative de la repartition des eaux dans un champ petrolifere; Primenenie nasyshchennoj tritiem vody v kachestve mechenogo atoma dlya kolichestvennogo opredeleniya raspredeleniya potoka vody v neftyanom pole; Empleo del agua tritiada como trazador en la determinacion cuantitativa de la distribucion del flujo de agua en un campo petrolifero

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuyper, E; Hofstra, A [Koninklijke/Shell-Laboratorium, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Nauta, H [Koninklijke/Shell Exploratie-En Produktie-Laboratorium (Netherlands)

1962-01-15

yacimiento petrolifero, se inyecto agua tritiada en uno de los pozos y, seguidamente, se determino la cantidad de tritio presente en el agua extraida de los pozos circundantes. Como la radiactividad especifica del agua procedente de los pozos mas alejados parecia ser relativamente baja, debido en parte a la dilucion del agua tritiada por el agua presente en la formacion geologica, se aplicaron metodos de enriquecimiento con miras a aumentar la sensibilidad del recuento. Se estudiaron los tres metodos siguientes: intercambio con etanol, transformacion en tolueno y electrolisis. Este ultimo metodo resulto ser el mas util. El tritio se determino con un contador de centelleo liquido; la sustancia de centelleo, en la que se disolvio la muestra de agua, consistio en una mezcla de tolueno y etanol (2:1) adicionado de DPO y POPOP. (author) [Russian] Dlya togo, chtoby izuchit' techenie vody v podzemnom neftyanom rezervuare, byla pushchena nasyshchennaya tritiem voda v skvazhinu, i vposledstvii tritij byl obnaruzhen v vode, vzyatoj iz okruzhayushchikh kolodtsev. Poskol'ku udel'naya radioaktivnost' vody, vzyatoj iz bolee otdalennykh kolodtsev, yavlyaetsya, kak kazhetsya, dovol'no nizkoj, otchasti blagodarya razzhizheniyu nasyshchennoj tritiem vody, vodoj, nakhodyashchejsya v obrazovanii, byli ispol'zovany metody obogashcheniya dlya togo, chtoby uvelichit' raschetnuyu chuvstvitel'nost'. Byli izucheny tri metoda obogashcheniya: obmen s ehtanolom, konversiya v toluol i ehlektroliz. Poslednij metod okazalsya naibolee poleznym. Tritij byl obnaruzhen pri pomoshchi zhidkostnogo stsintillyatsionnogo schetchika; stsintillyatsionnyj material sostoyal iz smesi toluola s ehtanolom (2:1) s DPO i ROROR; voda byla rastvorena v ehtoj zhidkosti. Kratko rassmotreny nekotorye statisticheskie problemy v svyazi s minimal'no izmeryaemoj udel'noj aktivnost'yu i umen'sheniem fona. (author)

Construction and Operation of a Commercial Gamma-Ray Package-Sterilizing Plant; Construction et fonctionnement d'une installation industrielle pour la sterilisation d'articles sous emballage par les rayons gamma; Razrabotka i ehkspluatatsiya sbornoj ustanovki gamma-izlucheniya promyshlennogo tipa dlya sterilizatsii meditsinskikh materialov; Construccion y funcionamiento de una instalacion industrial para la esterilizacion gamma de articulos medicos empaquetados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Crawford, C. G. [Johnson' s Ethical Plastics Ltd., Slough (United Kingdom)

1963-11-15

'installation dans une unite d e production exploitee par une entreprise commerciale et la bacteriologie. Il etudie brievement la rentabilite de la sterilisation par les rayons gamma et examine quelles sont les autres possibilites d'utilisation d'une installation de cette nature. (author) [Spanish] En la memoria se describe una instalacion de esterilizacion a base de {sup 60}Co, explotada comercialmente por la Johnson's Ethical Plastics Limited en Slough (Reino Unido). Se trata de una instalacion de tratamiento continuo totalmente automatica equipada con una fuente de 72 000 c. Aprovechando la experiencia adquirida por la Junta de Energfa Atomica del Reino Unido en su Package Irradiation Plant de Wantage, dicha instalacion fue concebida para esterilizar jeringas de material plastico y otros articulos medicos no recuperables de analoga densidad aparente. La instalacion viene funcionando desde noviembre de 1962. En la memoria se indican las principales caracteristicas de construccion, en especial los dispositivos para la seguridad del personal, y el metodo de carga de las varillas de cobalto. Se describe la experiencia adquirida, en particular en lo que atauee a la dosimetria, la integracion de la instalacion en el proceso productivo de una empresa comercial y los resultados bacteriologicos. Por ultimo, se examinan brevemente los aspectos economicos de la esterilizacion por irradiacion gamma y se evaluan las posibles aplicaciones de una instalacion de este tipo en el futuro. (author) [Russian] Tsel' nastoyashchej stat'i - opisanie ustanovki dlya oblucheniya s pomoshch'yu Co{sup 60}, na kotoroj v nastoyashchee vremya proizvoditsya v promyshlennykh masshtabakh sterilizatsiya meditsinskikh materialov (firma ''Dzhonsons ehtikal plastike'' v Slou, Angliya). Ustanovka nepreryvnogo dejstviya snabzhena istochnikom v 72 000 kyuri; vse operatsii polnost'yu avtomatizirovany. Na osnove opyta, poluchennogo v ehtoj oblasti pri ehkspluatatsii sbornoj radiatsionnoj ustanovki v Uontidzhe (pri

Cadmium chronic administration to lactating ewes. Reproductive performance, cadmium tissue accumulation and placental transfer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Floris, B.; Bomboi, G.; Sechi, P.; Marongiu, M. L. [Sassari Univ., Sassari (Italy). Dipt. di Biologia Animale; Pirino, S. [Sassari Univ., Sassari (Italy). Ist. di Patologia Generale, Anatomia Patologica e Clinica Ostetrico-chirurgica Veterinaria

2000-12-01

20 lactating ewes were allotted to two groups: 10 subjects received orally 100 mg/day of CdCl{sub 2} for 108 consecutive days, and the remaining 10 acted as control. Reproductive performance in ewes and cadmium tissue accumulation, both in ewes and their lambs, were investigated. The results showed that in ewes: 1) the regular cadmium intestinal intake negatively influences all reproductive parameters; 2) cadmium is particularly accumulated in kidney and liver, bur also in mammary gland, although at distinctly lower level; 3) chronic administration does not increase cadmium placental transfer in lactating pregnant subjects. [Italian] 20 pecore in lattazione sono state suddivise in 2 gruppi: 10 soggetti ricevettero per os 100 mg/giorno di CdCl{sub 2} per 108 giorni consecutivi, e i restanti 10 funsero da controllo. Sono stati studiati i parametri riproduttivi delle pecore e l'accumulo di cadmio nei tessuti, sia delle pecore che dei loro agnelli. I risultati hanno mostrato che negli ovini: 1) il regolare assorbimento intestinale di cadmio influenza negativamente tutti i parametri riproduttivi; 2) il cadmio viene accumulato principalmente nei reni e nel fegato, ma anche dalla ghiandola mammaria, sebbene in misura nettamente inferiore; 3) la somministrazione cronica di cadmio nei soggetti gravidi non incrementa il suo passaggio transplacentare.

Carcinoma of the uterine cervix. High-resolution turbo spin-echo MR imaging with contrast-enhanced dynamic scanning and T2-weighting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abe, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Namimoto, T.; Takahashi, M.; Katabuchi, H.; Tanaka, N.; Okamura, H.

1998-01-01

Purpose: To compare high-resolution contrast-enhanced (Gd-DTPA) dynamic MR imaging with T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) imaging in the evaluation of uterine cervical carcinoma. Material and Methods: Thirty-two patients with cervical carcinoma underwent MR imaging on a 1.5 T superconductive unit to have the extension of the disease assessed before treatment. A phased-array coil was used in all patients. In 25 patients, surgical confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained after imaging. Radiation therapy was selected for the remaining 7 patients with advanced carcinoma. Qualitative and quantitative image analyses were also performed. Results: The cervical carcinomas showed maximum contrast in the cervical stroma and myometrium in the early dynamic phase. The tumor/cervical-stroma contrast in the early dynamic phase obtained with the T1-weighted TSE technique (contrast-to-noise ratio 22.6) was significantly higher than that obtained in T2-weighted TSE imaging (contrast-to-noise ratio 4.3). In the evaluation of parametrial invasion, the accuracy of T2-weighted imaging was 71.8% and contrast-enhanced dynamic imaging 81.2%. Conclusion: High-resolution contrast-enhanced (Gd-DTPA) dynamic MR imaging in cervical cancer offers improved tumor/cervical-stroma contrast and provides useful information on parametrial invasion. (orig.)

STISKANJE NdFeB MAGNETOV

OpenAIRE

Gregorin, Marjan

2010-01-01

Plastomagneti, ki so predmet diplomske naloge spadajo v področje trdo magnetnih materialov. Ne glede na uporabljen material in tehnologijo izdelave, zanje velja opisni pojem — PLASTOMAGNETI. Diplomska naloga se osredotoča na izdelavo plastomagnetov z stiskanjem. Vsebina naloge se deli na eksperimentalni del, kjer je na znanem orodju narejen preizkus magnetnega materiala, kateremu se določijo fizikalno/tehnološki parametri za potrebe konstrukcije orodja. Sledi izračun konstrukcije orodja...

Valorizzazione e qualificazione di prodotti della pesca ed acquacoltura

OpenAIRE

Olivieri, Vincenzo

2010-01-01

La ricerca ha valutato parametri sensoriali, fisici, chimici e microbiologici di orata (Sparus aurata) durante la conservazione in MAP. Campioni di pesce, ottenuti da 2 allevamenti off-shore situati rispettivamente nel Tirreno Settentrionale e nel Tirreno meridionale, sono stati analizzati dopo 1, 5, 7, 12, 15 e 19 giorni di stoccaggio. La valutazione sensoriale è stata effettuata utilizzando il Quality Index Method (QIM). Le analisi di tipo fisico, chimico e microbiologico sono state esegu...

FUSARIUM VERTICILLIOIDES IN MAIZE: HOW ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC FACTORS CAN INFLUENCE GROWTH AND FUMONISINS PRODUCTION IN FIELD AND DURING STORAGE

OpenAIRE

FORMENTI, SILVIA

2010-01-01

In questa tesi di dottorato sono stati indagati i punti critici legati ai fattori biotici e abiotici che possono influenzare la crescita del fungo Fusarium verticillioides, produttore di fumonisine in mais. le fumonisine sono metaboliti secondari prodotte da funghi appartenenti al genere Fusarium e sono state classificate come possibili cancerogene per l’uomo e per gli animali. Gli argomenti trattati nei vari capitoli sono stati: parametri ecologici che condizionano la crescita e l’accumulo d...

Environmental protection and processes for burning solid fuel. Zashchita okruzhayushchey sredy i protsessy goreniya tverdovo topliva

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1981-01-01

The anthology's materials are devoted to studying the mechanism of formation of harmful emissions during burning of solid fuels, methods of suppressing processes of formation of nitrogen oxide in boiler devices, and processes of combustion to create power plants with minimal emissions of NO /SUB x/ and SO /SUB x/ and maximum use of organic and mineral components of the fuel.

180 meteorological stations data analysis to find out a meteodiffusivity index of sites; Analisi dei dati relativi a 180 stazioni meteorologiche al fine di individuare un indice per la caratterizzazione meteodiffusiva dei siti

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cagnetti, P.; Grandoni, G.; Mammarella, M.C.; Pellegrini, A.; Racalbuto, S.; Boccadoro, M.; Fedele, P. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Rome (Italy). Dipt. Ambiente

1999-07-01

The present work has been done during the preparatory events of the National Conference on Energy and Environment (CNEA), studying the diffusive properties of the lower layers of the atmosphere, in order to find out a set of air quality indicators for urban areas. The data of 180 meteorological stations of the Italian Air Force Meteorological Service cover the whole Italian territory and are easily available; for this reason, this study, is based on those data. By analysing the available data, the variability range of the considered parameters was investigated and then an attempt was done to combine those parameters in order to describe, with a general index related to each site, the higher or lower attitude to diffuse pollutants released in the atmosphere. After that, the sites have been classified by their capacity of dispersion in atmosphere, making use of the meteo-diffusivity index described above, and pointing out the importance of meteorology in the study of the air quality of urban sites. [Italian] Questo lavoro e' stato svolto durante gli eventi preparatori della Conferenza Nazionale Energia Ambiente (CNEA), con lo scopo di individuare un set di indicatori della qualita' dell'aria in aree urbane, sulla base di studi e ricerche sui parametri meteodiffusivi dei bassi strati dell'atmosfera. Sono stati presi in considerazione, perche' subito fruibili e a diffusione nazionale, i dati provenienti dalle 180 stazioni meteorologiche dell'Areonautica Militare. Dopo un'analisi di tali dati al fine di individuare l'intervallo di variabilita' dei parametri meteorologici presi in considerazione, e' stata proposta una combinazione di tali parametri in grado di descrivere, sotto forma di un indice generale ed in relazione a tutti i siti considerati, la maggiore o minore tendenza alla diffusione degli inquinanti immessi in atmosfera. Sulla base di tale definizione di un indice di meteodiffusivita', sono stati

Adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Kyung Ja; Moon, Hye Seong; Kim, Seung Cheol; Kim, Chong Il; Ahn, Jung Ja

2003-01-01

This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy, and to investigate the prognostic factors for FIGO stages IB-IIB cervical cancer patients who were treated with simple hysterectomy, or who had high-risk factors following radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Between March 1986 and December 1998, 58 patients, with FIGO stages IB-IIB cervical cancer were included in this study, The indications for postoperative radiation therapy were based on the pathological findings, including lymph node metastasis, positive surgical margin, parametrial extension, Iymphovascular invasion, invasion of more than half the cervical stroma, uterine extension and the incidental finding of cervix cancer following simple hysterectomy. All patients received external pelvic radiotherapy, and 5 patients, received an additional intracavitary radiation therapy. The radiation dose from the external beam to the whole pelvis was 45 - 50 Gy. Vagina cuff irradiation was performed, after completion of the external beam irradiation, al a low-dose rate of CS-137, with the total dose of 4488-4932 chy (median: 4500 chy) at 5 mm depth from the vagina surface. The median follow-up period was 44 months (15-108 months), The 5-yr actuarial local control rate, distant free survival and disease-free survival rate were 98%, 95% and 94%, respectively. A univariate analysis of the clinical and pathological parameters revealed that the clinical stage (p=0.0145), status of vaginal resection margin (p=0.0002) and parametrial extension (p=0.0001) affected the disease-free survival. From a multivariate analysis, only a parametrial extension independently influenced the disease-free survival. Five patients (9%) experienced Grade 2 late treatment-related complications, such as radiation proctitis (1 patient), cystitis (3 patients) and lymphedema of the leg (1 patient). No patient had grade 3 or 4 complications. Our results indicate that postoperative radiation therapy can

Indice per la valutazione della qualità ecologica dei bacini artificiali mediterranei (MedPTI) a partire dalla composizione del fitoplancton: documento presentato al Ministero dell’Ambiente e della tutela del territorio e del mare

OpenAIRE

Marchetto, Aldo; Lugliè, Antonella Gesuina Laura; Padedda, Bachisio Mario; Mariani, Maria Antonietta

2007-01-01

Secondo la Direttiva 2000/60/CE (WFD, Water Framework Directive), la valutazione della qualità ecologica dei corpi idrici deve essere ottenuta con l’uso di indici numerici costruiti a partire dai parametri biologici, confrontando il valore assunto nel sito in esame con quello di un sito di riferimento, attraverso il calcolo di un quoziente di qualità ecologica (Ecological quality ratio, EQR). L’indice qui proposto è stato sottoposto alla procedura di intercalibrazione, per otte...

Antioksidativna i antibakterijska aktivnost fermentiranog napitka od melise (Melissa officinalis L.) dobivenog s pomoću simbiotičke kulture bakterija i kvasaca

OpenAIRE

Velićanski, Aleksandra S.; Cvetković, Dragoljub D.; Markov, Siniša L.; Tumbas Šaponjac, Vesna T.; Vulić, Jelena J.

2014-01-01

Kombucha je napitak koji se tradicionalno dobiva fermentacijom zaslađenog crnog ili zelenog čaja (Camellia sinensis L.) s pomoću simbiotičke kulture bakterija i kvasaca (engl. SCOBY). U ovom je radu za pripremu napitka kombucha kao izvor dušika pri fermentaciji upotrijebljena melisa (Melissa officinalis L.). Tijekom sedmodnevne fermentacije mjereni su sljedeći parametri: pH-vrijednost, titracijska kiselost, udjeli ukupnih fenola i fenolnih spojeva, te sposobnost uklanjanja hidroksilnog (˙OH) ...

Operating Experience with the BR-5 Reactor; Experience acquise aupres du reacteur BR-5; Opyt ehkspluatatsii reaktora BR-5; Experiencia practica con el reactor BR-5

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lejpunskij, A. I.; Kazachkovskij, O. D.; Pinkhasik, M. S.; Aristarkhov, N. N.; Karpov, A. V.; Larin, E. P.; Efimov, I. A.

1963-10-15

remontnykh rabot na radioaktivnom zhidkometallicheskom konture reaktora na bystrykh nejtronakh BR-5. Osveshchayutsya voprosy ehkspluatatsii reaktora posle dostizheniya proektnogo 2%-nogo vygoraniya topliva pri nalichii nekotorogo narusheniya plotnosti otdel'nykh teplovydelyaptsikh ehlementov. Provoditsya opyt po razgruzke aktivnoj zony, issledovaniyu sostoyaniya i germetichnosti teplovydelyaptsikh ehlementov, dezaktivatsii oborudovaniya i truboprovodov I radioaktivnogo kontura posle dostizheniya 5% vygoraniya topliva. (author)

The physics design of EBR-II; Physique du reacteur EBR-II; Fizicheskij raschet ehksperimental'nogo reaktora - razmnozhitelya EVR-II; Aspectos fisicos del reactor EBR-II

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Loewenstein, W. B. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

1962-03-15

spetsifikatsiya razmerov aktivnoj zony reaktora i/ili obogashchenie topliva, znacheniya reaktivnosti dlya normal'nogo rezhima raboty i ostanovki reaktora, opredelenie rabochej temperatury i ehnergeticheskikh koehffitsientov reaktivnosti i raspredelenie ehnergii i potoka kak funktsii polozheniya v reaktore. Opisyvaetsya obshchaya problema ehkstrapolyatsii ot prostoj ideal'noj analiticheskoj ili ehksperimental'no j geometrii k fakticheskoj geksagonal'noj geometrii reaktora. YAdernye kharakteristiki, vklyuchaya vosproizvodstvo , fakticheskoj reaktornoj sistemy sravnivayutsya s yadernymi kharakteristikam i ideal'noj printsipial'noj reaktornoj sistemy. Povedenie reaktivnosti v techenie dlitel'nogo vremeni raboty i ehnergeticheskij rezhim zony vosproizvodstva reaktora opisyvayutsya v ramkakh predpolagaemogo toplivnogo tsikla i materiala zony vosproizvodstva. V doklade analiziruyutsya soobrazheniya po bezopasnosti, vklyuchaya normal'nye i anormal'nye skorosti prirosta reaktivnosti, posledstviya ozhidaemykh ehffektov reaktivnosti, osnovannye na fizicheskom povedenii splava topliva i struktury reaktora, a takzhe ehkstrapolyatsiya ehksperimentov, provedennykh na opytnom reaktore dlya izucheniya perekhodnykh protsessov TREAT, na reaktore EBR-II. Izuchaetsya problema rasplavleniya v aktivnoj zone reaktora EBR-II. (author)

[Carcinoma of the uterine cervical canal. Staging and biometric assessment with magnetic resonance].

Science.gov (United States)

Fischetti, S G; Politi, G; Lomeo, E; Garozzo, G; Di Leo, S; Nuciforo, G

1994-10-01

In uterine cervical canal carcinoma, the current clinical FIGO criteria often fail not only to differentiate stage IA2 from stage IB but also to demonstrate possible parametrial involvement. Moreover, the analysis of tumor volume and of the depth of neoplastic stromal invasion is not very reliable. The authors investigated MR accuracy in the definition of such variables: to this purpose, 24 patients with histologically confirmed endocervical adenocarcinoma were submitted to MRI, which was performed with an 0.5-T superconductive magnet. Sagittal and oblique transverse or sometimes coronal SE images, oriented so as to be perpendicular to longitudinal cervical major axis were obtained with T2 weighting (TR 1800 ms, TE 25-90 ms). MR data were correlated with pathologic findings. MR accuracy in demonstrating parametrial involvement was 92%, its sensitivity was 86% and specificity 97%. Volumetric MR data showed a high correlation (r = 0.970) with those derived from pathologic findings. In 92% of cases stromal invasion exceeded 5 mm. MRI, thanks to its high accuracy, should be included in diagnostic pretreatment protocols, even though FIGO criteria do not require it yet, especially in the presence of an endocervical adenocarcinoma. Moreover, the accurate definition of tumor volume can allow less extensive surgery with the same survival rates and fewer complications, which are frequently observed after radical hysterectomy.

Solubility of metallic mercury in organic solvents; Solubilite du mercure metallique dans les solvants organiques; Rastvorimost' metallicheskoj rtuti v organicheskikh rastvoritelyakh; Solubilidad del mercurio metalico en solventes organicos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klehr, E H; Voigt, A F [Institute for Atomic Research and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (United States)

1962-03-15

-Myullera ili zhidkikh rassloenij stsintillyatsionnym schetchikom tipa kolodtsa. Vse rastvorimosti byli poryadka (4,6 do 16) x 10{sup -6} gramm-atomov/l. Temperaturnaya zavisimost' rastvorimosti dlya n-dekana, toluola i khlorbenzola opredelyalas' poryadkom ot 0 do 45{sup o}C. Dlya sravneniya k ehtim sistemam primenyalas' teoriya rastvorimosti KHil'debranda-Skotta. Dlya uglevodorodov alifaticheskogo ryada predskazannye teoriej rastvorimosti sostavlyayut 35% tekh, kotorye udalos' nablyudat', no dlya drugikh rastvoritelej predskazannye velichiny yavlyayutsya v 4 - 18 raz bol'she tekh, kotorye prishlos' nablyudat'. Izmenenie teorii daet luchshee soglasovanie dlya odnikh rastvoritelej i khudshee dlya drugikh. Krivye log C (rastvorimost') protiv 1/T byli pryamymi liniyami s naklonami, kotorye skhodny s naklonami teorii KHil'debranda-Skotta, no so smeshcheniem ot ehtikh krivykh. Naklony krivykh ispol'zovalis' dlya vychisleniya tepla i ehntropii rastvora, a ehntropii takzhe vychislyalis' iz krivykh log C protiv log T. Dve serii znachenij ehntropii soglasovyvalis' drug s drugom, a takzhe nakhodilis' v predelakh ot odnogo do chetyrekh edinits ehntropii nailuchshego smesheniya ehntropii. (author)

Izdelava 3D tiskalnika za ciljno nalaganje

OpenAIRE

Kaštigar, Žiga

2017-01-01

Delo zajema razvoj in izdelavo 3D-tiskalnika od zasnove ohišja do prilagojevanja programske opreme za pravilno delovanje s podanimi parametri. Obsega izbiro materialov, konstrukcijske rešitve problemov prenosa moči iz motorja na jermen ali navojno vreteno. Zastavljeni cilji diplomske naloge so izdelati tiskalnik za ciljno nalaganje materiala, z avtomatsko kalibracijo mize, zaprto ohišje z možnostjo tiska več vrst materialov, na tiskalnik priključen zaslon LCD z bralnikom spominskih kartic in ...

La funzion delle preferenze delle autorità monetarie in Italia dal 1958 al 1969.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. RANUZZI DE BIANCHI

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Lo scopo principale della ricerca è quello di  costruire un modelle di comportamento delle azioni delle autorità monetarie in Italia in modo da poterlo introdurre in un modello completo del sistema economico italiano ed arrivare così ad migliore identificazione dei parametri . Inoltre, un altro vantaggio che si può ricavare è dato dall’avere messo in forma matematica le preferenze delle autorità monetarie che così possono essere usate anche in altri studi.

Working-cycle processes in solid-propellant rocket engines (Handbook). Rabochie protsessy v raketnykh dvigateliakh tverdogo topliva /Spravochnik/

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shishkov, A.A.; Panin, S.D.; Rumiantsev, B.V.

1989-01-01

Physical and mathematical models of processes taking place in solid-propellant rocket engines and gas generators are presented in a systematic manner. The discussion covers the main types of solid propellants, the general design and principal components of solid-propellant rocket engines, the combustion of a solid-propellant charge, thermodynamic calculation of combustion and outflow processes, and analysis of gasdynamic processes in solid-propellant rocket engines. 40 refs.

Utjecaj visokog hidrostatskog tlaka na kemijski sastav vina

OpenAIRE

Gelo, Klara

2017-01-01

U ovom radu ispitivan je utjecaj obrade visokim hidrostatskim tlakom na kemijski sastav crnog i bijelog vina. Određivani parametri su količina ukupnih polifenola, antocijana, tanina, boje, sumpora te kisika. Uzorci bijelog i crnog vina tretirani su visokim hidrostatskim tlakom od 200, 400 i 600 MPa u trajanju od 5, 15 i 25 minuta. Ispitivanjem utjecaja visokog hidrostatskog tlaka na kemijski sastav crnog i bijelog vina utvrđeno je da nema značajnije promjene u navedenim svojstvima. Na temelju...

Primernost drevesnih vrst za zasaditev deponije elektrofiltrskega pepela v Trbovljah

OpenAIRE

Taškar, Sašo

2014-01-01

Lokacija raziskovalne ploskve je na deponiji elektrofiltrskega pepela Prapretno v Trbovljah, na kateri je bilo zasajenih devet vrst dreves. Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, katera vrsta se bo uspešno prilagodila danim razmeram, ki vladajo na tako degradiranih površinah. Od 2001 do 2008 so bili preučevani parametri, in sicer rast dreves v višino, razvoj koreninskega sistema, debelinska rast dreves in ekološke razmere, ki so v tem času vladale na območju deponije. Razlogi za slabo uspevanje...

New counting circuits with E1T tubes; Nouveaux circuits de comptage a tubes E1T; Novye schetnye kontury s lampami E1T; Nuevos circuitos de contaje con valvulas E1T

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radeka, V [Institut Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Yugoslavia (Croatia)

1962-04-15

continu non stabilise. (author) [Spanish] Se dan soluciones nuevas para circuitos deflectores de haz que permiten montar circuitos contadores sencillos y seguros. La precision con que tiene que ser desviado el haz es deducida por el autor partiendo de investigaciones teoricas del proceso de contaje publicadas anteriormente. Calcula la disminucion de los limites de error en la deflexion que resulta de la diferencia entre las caracteristicas real e ideal de la valvula. Se demuestra que el limite de error en la deflexion es maximo hasta unos 3x10{sup 5} impulsos por segundo, e independiente de la velocidad de contaje, por lo que es posible disenar circuitos mas simples. Para contar hasta 10{sup 6} impulsos por segundo, se requieren circuitos deflectores de mayor precision. La memoria describe dos circuitos que se pueden emplear hasta estos limites de velocidad de recuento. No es necesario que los componentes del circuito sean muy estables o muy exactos. Solamente se precisa una tension continua de alimentacion no estabilizada. (author) [Russian] Dayutsya novye resheniya dlya polucheniya otklonyayushchikh puchek luchej konturov, chto pozvolyaet osushchestvlyat' prostye i nadezhnye schetnye kontury. Trebovaniya tochnosti otkloneniya puchka luchej vyvedeny iz teoreticheskikh izyskanij schetnykh protsessov, opublikovannykh avtorom ranee. Podschityvaetsya umen'shenie predela pogreshnosti otkloneniya, vytekayushchej iz raznitsy mezhdu dejstvitel'noj i teoreticheskoj kharakteristikami ehlektronnoj lampy. Dokazyvaetsya, chto priblizitel'no okolo 3 x 10{sup 5} impul'sov v sekundu predel pogreshnosti otkloneniya dostigaet svoego maksimal'nogo znacheniya; on ne zavisit ot skorosti scheta, chto daet vozmozhnost' uprostit' konstruktsiyu konturov. Dlya otscheta do 10{sup 6} impul'sov v sekundu trebuyutsya bolee tochnye kontury otkloneniya. Opisyvayutsya dva kontura dlya ispol'zovaniya ikh do ehtikh predelov skorosti scheta. Trebovaniya, pred{sup y}avlyaemye k sostavnym chastyam kontura v

High-dose-rate brachytherapy in the treatment of uterine cervix cancer. Analysis of dose effectiveness and late complications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferrigno, Robson; Novaes, Paulo Eduardo Ribeiro dos Santos; Pellizzon, Antonio Cassio Assis; Maia, Maria Aparecida Conte; Fogarolli, Ricardo Cesar; Gentil, Andre Cavalcanti; Salvajoli, Joao Victor

2001-01-01

Purpose: This retrospective analysis aims to report results of patients with cervix cancer treated by external beam radiotherapy (EBR) and high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy. Methods and Materials: From September 1992 to December 1996, 138 patients with FIGO Stages II and III and mean age of 56 years were treated. Median EBR to the whole pelvis was 45 Gy in 25 fractions. Parametrial boost was performed in 93% of patients, with a median dose of 14.4 Gy. Brachytherapy with HDR was performed during EBR or following its completion with a dose of 24 Gy in four weekly fractions of 6 Gy to point A. Median overall treatment time was of 60 days. Patient age, tumor stage, and overall treatment time were variables analyzed for survival and local control. Cumulative biologic effective dose (BED) at rectal and bladder reference points were correlated with late complications in these organs and dose of EBR at parametrium was correlated with small bowel complications. Results: Median follow-up time was 38 months. Overall survival, disease-free survival, and local control at 5 years was 53.7%, 52.7%, and 62%, respectively. By multivariate and univariate analysis, overall treatment time up to 50 days was the only statistically significant adverse variable for overall survival (p=0.003) and actuarial local control (p=0.008). The 5-year actuarial incidence of rectal, bladder, and small bowel late complications was 16%, 11%, and 14%, respectively. Patients treated with cumulative BED at rectum points above 110 Gy 3 and at bladder point above 125 Gy 3 had a higher but not statistically significant 5-year actuarial rate of complications at these organs (18% vs. 12%, p=0.49 and 17% vs. 9%, p=0.20, respectively). Patients who received parametrial doses larger than 59 Gy had a higher 5-year actuarial rate of complications in the small bowel; however, this was not statistically significant (19% vs. 10%, p=0.260). Conclusion: This series suggests that 45 Gy to the whole pelvis combined with

Which Patients With Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma Might Benefit From Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy?

Science.gov (United States)

Mahmoud, Omar; Einstein, Mark H

2018-06-01

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors' suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice. A 55-year-old postmenopausal woman, gravida 5 para 5, with past medical history significant for hypertension, presented to the emergency department with profuse vaginal bleeding and a hemoglobin level of 9 g/dL. The biopsy from an irregular 6-cm cervical mass was consistent with moderately differentiated cervical squamous cell carcinoma. The physical examination did not reveal vaginal or parametrial extension of the tumor. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging disclosed the known carcinoma, as well as a 9.2 × 7.7 × 6.7 cm anterior uterine fibroid (Fig 1). A staging positron emission tomography scan was negative for metastatic disease. After blood transfusion and vaginal packing, the patient was referred to discuss the immediate management of her newly diagnosed bleeding bulky cervical cancer. In the absence of parametrial or vaginal extension and in the absence of lymph node metastasis (both on clinical examination and imaging), she was classified as having International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB2 disease.

Preslikavanje parametara kvaliteta usluga na protokole ATM mreža

OpenAIRE

Milojko Jevtović

2005-01-01

Preslikavanje parametara kvaliteta usluga (Quality of Service - QoS) jedan je od bitnih elemenata u koncepciji ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) širokopojasnih mreža. U radu su opisani parametri QoS-a (verovatnoće pogrešnih ramova i ćelija, propusni opseg, kašnjenje ćelija, varijacija kašnjenja) koji se preslikavaju na protokole ATM mreža. Preslikavanje se izvodi između korisničkog i aplikacionog QoS-a, a aplikacioni QoS se preslikava na QoS prenosa i komutacije, odnosno na ATM protokole, tzv....

Študija uporabnosti računalniških simulacij in animacija oblačil za potrebe manjših podjetij

OpenAIRE

Slakonja, Andreja

2016-01-01

Namen diplomskega dela je bil preučiti uporabnost računalniške simulacije in animacije oblačila za potrebe manjšega podjetja, izdelati kroj, simulacijo in animacijo oblačila na virtualnem parametričnem modelu v programu Marvelous Designer 3 ter zašiti realni model oblačila in ju primerjati. Nadalje je bil namen izdelati spletno stran za modno oblikovalko Barbaro F. V uvodnem delu je opisano modno oblikovanje in konstrukcija oblačil ter predstavitev oblikovalke Barbare F. V nadaljevanju so opi...

Carcinoma of the cervix: Staging with MR imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Waggenspack, G.A.; Amparo, E.G.; Fagan, C.J.; Hannigan, E.V.

1986-01-01

Forty MR imaging examinations in 38 patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were retrospectively evaluated and compared with clinical and surgical findings for staging. There was poor correlation between loss of fat planes and extension of tumor into the rectum or bladder, and it was impossible to differentiate bladder edema from direct invasion. MR imaging underestimated parametrial and pelvic sidewall extension when compared with physical exam under anesthesia. MR imaging was useful in the direct demonstration of a cervical mass and in detecting enlarged pelvic nodes

RAZVOJ PASIVNEGA SONČNEGA GRELNIKA ZRAKA

OpenAIRE

Domanjko, Jernej

2012-01-01

Diplomsko delo opisuje razvoj sončnega pasivnega grelnika zraka in primerja različne izvedbe te naprave. Najprej so opisane teoretično možne moči grelnika, natančno je razloženo fizikalno delovanje naprave, navedeni so parametri, ki najbolj vplivajo na njen izkoristek. Nato je opisan potek načrtovanja, izgradnje in testiranja prototipa, na koncu pa je podana ekonomska ocena na podlagi primerjav rezultatov med različicami te naprave ter med različnimi napravami, primernimi za ogrevanje. V dipl...

Collateral pathways in lumbar epidural venography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thijssen, H.O.M.; Ike, B.W.; Chevrot, A.; Bijlsma, R.

1982-01-01

Opacification of collateral pathways other than the central channels is very rare in lumbar epidural venography. Two cases of opacification of the inferior mesenteric vein following extravasation of contrast medium at the tip of the lateral sacral vein catheter are reported. One case is presented in which filling of normal parametrial venous plexuses and the left ovarian vein occurred as a consequence of incompetent or absent valves in the internal iliac vein. The literature containing comparable collateral flow patterns in disease is reviewed. The significance of the phlebographic features in our cases is discussed. (orig.)

The System for Controlling Source and Special Nuclear Material at the Eurochemic Reprocessing Plant; Systeme de Controle des Matieres Nucleaires Brutes et Speciales a l'Usine de Traitement D'Eurochemic; Sistema kontrolya nad iskhodnym i spetsial'nym yadernym materialom na zavode evrokhimicheskoj kompanii po regeneratsii yadernogo topliva; Control de Materiales Nucleares Basicos y de Materiales Fisionables Especiales en la Planta de Regeneracion de la Eurochemic

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frenzel, W.; Schueller, W. [EUROCHEMIC, MOL (Belgium)

1966-02-15

adecuado de los materiales nucleares basicos y de los materiales fisionables especiales, las instalaciones de la compaliia estaran divididas en diversas zonas de balance de materiales. Toda entrada y salida de materiales de estas zonas quedara registrada. Teniendo en cuenta su importancia en relacion con el balance global de materiales, se han fijado distintos requisitos en materia de precision basados en una escala de valores que los autores describen brevemente. Periodicamente se efectuaran inventarios de material a fin de proceder al balance de asientos. Se exponen los correspondientes procedimientos de inventario. Los autores describen los libros utilizados en la contabilidad de los materiales nucleares y enuncian los principios en que se basa el sistema de contabilidad. (author) [Russian] Kompanija Evrohimik v nastojashhee vremja stroit zavod po pererabotke jadernogo topliva okolo Molja (Bel'gija). Summirujutsja glavnye harakteristiki zavoda i razlichnyh stadij obrabotki. Dlja provedenija nadlezhashhego kontrolja nad ishodnym i special'nym jadernym materialom ustanovki kompanii razdeleny na zony material'nogo balansa. Opredeljajutsja vse peremeshhenija v jeti zony i iz nih. B zavisimosti ot vazhnosti jetih materialov dlja obshhego material'nogo balansa ustanovleny razlichnye trebovanija v otnoshenii tochnosti v sootvetstvii so shkaloj vazhnosti, kotoraja kratko opisyvaetsja. Dlja pravil'nogo sostavlenija zhurnal'nogo balansa periodicheski provodjatsja fizicheskie inventarizacii. Izlagajutsja sootvetstvujushhie metody inventarizacii. Daetsja kratkoe opisanie zhurnalov ucheta jadernyh materialov i principov sistemy u cheta. (author)

Sterilization by Gamma-Radiation of the Sodium Salt of p-Amino-Salicylic Acid; Sterilisation par irradiation gamma du sel sodique de l' acide p-amino salicylique; Sterilizatsiya gamma-oblucheniem natrievoj soli paraaminosalitsilovoj kisloty; Esterilizacion porirradiacion gamma dela sal sodica del acido p-aminosalicilico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bellion, B.; Denti, E.; Massagli, A. [Sorin, Centro Ricerche Nucleari, Saluggia (Italy)

1963-11-15

Sodium p-amino-salicylate cannot be sterilized thermally. During manufacture or packing for medical purposes it must therefore be handled under sterilized conditions, with all the difficulties which this involves. The paper quotes experimental data to show that, using gamma irradiation, the product may be sterilized without damage and without the formation of substances harmful from the medical standpoint. (author) [French] Le p-amino salicylate de sodium ne peut Etre sterilise par la chaleur. Pour l'emploi de ce produit comme medicament on est donc oblige de l e manipuler tant pour la fabrication que pour l'emballage, dans des locaux steriles, avec toutes les difficultes qui s'ensuivent. Dans ce travail, les auteurs ont pu demontrer experimentalement la possibilite de steriliser le produit par irradiation gamma, sans endommager le produit et sans formation de substances nocives pour l'emploi medical. (author) [Spanish] El pamino salicilato de sodio no puede esterilizarse por vfa termica y, por lo tanto, para emplearlo como medicamento es preciso prepararlo y empaquetarlo en locales esterilizados, con las dificultades consiguientes; Los autores han demostrado experimentalmente que es posible esterilizar este compuesto por exposicion a los rayos gamma, sin alterarlo y sin que se formen substancias nocivas desde el punto de vista medico. (author) [Russian] Natrievaya sol' paraaminosalitsilovoj kisloty ne mozhet byt' sterilizovana pri pomoshchi nagreva, i dlya togo, chtoby ispol'zovat' ehtot produkt v kachestve medikamenta, nuzhno obrabatyvat' ego kak v protsesse proizvodstva, tak i pri upakovke v steril'nykh pomeshcheniyakh so vsemi vytekayushchimi otsyuda trudnostyami. V dannoj rabote avtory smogli ehksperimental'nym putem dokazat' vozmozhnost' sterilizatsii ehtogo produkta gamma-oblucheniem bez ushcherba dlya ehtogo produkta i bez obrazovaniya vrednykh veshchestv, chto pozvolyaet ego v meditsine. (author)

RA reactor kinetic parameters - Progress report; Kineticki parametri reaktora RA - Izvestaj o napredovanju -

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Petrovic, M; Obradovic, D; Jevtovic, V; Velickovic, Lj [Institute of nuclear sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Yugoslavia)

1965-11-15

The objective of nuclear reactor kinetics study is to analyze the stability of reactor operation in practice. The obtained parameters should define the needed properties of automatic control system relevant for the stability of the designed reactor system. Refining the analytical models is done by using the analysis and interpretation of experimental data. Results of measured the reactor response obtained by using the reactor oscillator ROB-1 are explained by using the space independent model of the zero power reactor, by power reactor model with one feedback circuit, and by a complex model. It was assumed that the perturbations of the system are small and that linearized kinetic equations could be used. Linearized kinetic equation of the reactor system are transformed into the frequency region in order to analyze the measured values directly. The objective of this paper is to measure the RA reactor kinetics parameters, and analyze the stability of reactor operation at power levels high than nominal. Istrazivanja u oblasti kinetike nuklearnih reaktora imaju za cilj da dovedu analizu stabilnosti rada reaktora na nivo 'radne tehnologije'. Dobijeni pararametri treba da specificiraju potrebne karakteristike sistema automatske kontrole za odgovarajucu stabilnost projektovanog reaktorskog sistema. Doterivanjem analitickih modela do takvog nivoa da se zapazeni fenomeni mogu anailitcki predvideti ide preko analize i interpretacije eksperimentalnih podataka. Eksperimentalni rezultati merenja odziva reaktora, izvedeni reaktorskim oscilatorom ROB-1, interpretirani su na osnovu prostorno nezavisnog modela za reaktor nulte snage, modelom reaktora snage sa jednim kolom povratne sprege, kao i kompleksnim modelom. U ovom radu se poslo od toga da su perturbacije parametara sistema male, pa se mogu upotrebiti linearizovane kineticke jednacine. Linearizovane kineticke jednacine reaktorskog sistema transformirane su u frekventno podrucje s ciljem direktne analize mernih rezultata. Ovaj rad pored opsteg osnovnog cilja razvoja modela ima i konkretan cilj merenje kinetickih parametara reaktora RA, i dalje analize stabilnosti rada reaktora na vecim snagama od nominalno projektovane (author)

A 900-channel coincidence pulse-amplitude analyser; Selecteur d'amplitudes d'impulsions a coincidence a trois dimensions; Devyatisotkanal'nyj amplitudnyj analizator impul'sov sovpadeniya; Analizador de amplitud de impulsos de coincidencia con 900 canales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alexander, T K; Robinson, L B [Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, Ontario (Canada)

1962-04-15

, les huit de la distribution A definissent huit groupes de 100 canaux pour les distributions B. En effet, on aura dans ce cas un analyseur a 100 canaux pour la distribution A et huit analyseurs distincts a 100 canaux, sur lesquels B peut etre dirige. Le memoire decrit les circuits de base du codeur et la logique de la memoire et de l'element . (author) [Spanish] Se describe un analizador proyectado para estudios de correlacion entre las distribuciones de amplitudes de impulsos procedentes de dos contadores de centelleo. El analizador consiste en dos unidades transistorizadas: un convertidor analogico-digital de doble canal y una unidad almacenadora de nucleos de ferrita, con 900 canales y una capacidad de 2{sup 16} por canal. La unidad de control y lectura del instrumento esta separada del resto y puede ser colocada a cierta distancia del analizador. El funcionamiento del aparato para el analisis de impulsos coincidentes en las entradas A u V del convertidor puede ser regulado de manera que sea de 30 canales por 30 distribuciones, de 100 por 9, o de 300 por 3. En los dos ultimos casos las lineas de base y la anchura de las ''ventanas'' de amplitud de impulsos en la distribucion A pueden ser elegidas por el operador. Con 100 canales para el analisis de amplitud de impulsos, ocho ''ventanas'' en la distribucion A definen ocho grupos de 100 canales para las distribuciones B. En este caso se dispone, en efecto, de un analizador de 100 canales para la distribucion A y de ocho analizadores separados de 100 canales para la distribucion B. Se describen los circuitos basicos del convertidor y se explica la logica de las unidades de almacenamiento y lectura. (author) [Russian] Opisyvaetsya analizator, prednaznachennyj dlya issledovaniya sootnosheniya raspredeleniya amplitud impul'sov dvukh stsintillyatsionnykh schetchikov. Analizator sostoit iz d v u kh otdel'nykh sektsij, rabotayushchikh na tranzistorakh, dvukhkanal'nogo kodirovochnogo

Radio-tracer techniques in the study of corrosion by molten fluorides; Etude, a l'aide d'indicateurs radioactifs, de la corrosion provoquee par les fluorures fondus; Primenenie metodov radioaktivnykh indikatorov nrn izuchenii korrozii, prichinyaemoj rasplavlennymi ftoristymi soedineniyami; Estudio con indicadores radiactivos de la corrosion ocasionada por fluoruros fundidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grimes, W R; Watson, G M; DeVan, J H; Evans, R B [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1962-03-15

segundo se utilizo para hacer circular una mezcla fundida quo contenia FeF{sub 2} y medir la eliminacion del cromo de la aleacion. Los resultados obtenidos concuerdan satisfactoriamente con los que se calculan con ayuda de los coeficientes de difusion determinados experimentalmente; esta concordancia indica que el coeficiente de autodifusion del Cr no es afectado por las variaciones de la concentracion de cromo en la aleacion Inor-8. (author) [Russian] Kogda ''inkonel'' ili ''inor-8'' podvergayutsya dejstviyu rasplavlennykh ftoristykh smesej, soderzhashchikh vosstanavlivayushchie veshchestva, khrom izbiratel'no okislyaetsya i udalyaetsya iz splava. S pomoshch'yu radioaktivnogo indikatora Cr{sup 51} byli ustanovleny koehffitsienty samodiffuzii khroma v ''inkonsle'' i ''inore-8'', a takzhe byla izuchena primenimost' znachenij ehtikh koehffitsientov k splavam v korrozijnykh usloviyakh. Summarnye koehffitsienty byli polucheny putem sleduyushchikh zamerov: 1) obedneniya v Cr{sup 51} (zagruzhennogo v vide CrF{sub 2}) nekorrozijnykh ftoristykh rasplavov v legirovannykh kapsulakh i 2) sootnosheniya mezhdu izmerimoj obshchej radioaktivnost'yu obrabotannykh sol'yu obraztsov splava i radioaktivnost'yu soli, dejstviyu kotoroj obraztsy byli podvergnuty. Pomimo ehtogo, koehffitsienty byli polucheny putem zamera grafika kontsentratsii indikatora pri posledovatel'noj ehlektropolirovke obraztsov. Summarnye koehffitsienty, a takzhe koehffitsienty, poluchennye opytami ehlektropolirovki, ochen' blizko sovpadayut dlya ''inkonelya'' pri vysokikh temperaturakh i dlya ''inora-8'' pri vsekh temperaturakh. Dlya temperatur nizhe 750{sup o} C koehffitsienty, poluchetshe pri pomoshchi ehlektropolirovki obraztsov ''sinkonelya'' prevyshayut znacheniya summarnykh koehffitsientov; v ehtom sluchae protsess diffuzii v masse ne odnoobrazen. Vo vsekh sluchayakh nablyudalos' khoroshee sovladenie mezhdu summarnymi koehffitsientami diffuzii i koehffitsientami, poluchennymi putem ehkstrapolyatsii dannykh

A Low-Level Geiger-Counter for Tritium; Compteur Geiger a faible mouvement propre pour le tritium; Schetchik Gejgera s nizkim urovnem dlya tritiya; Contador Geiger de baja actividad de fondo para tritio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Von Buttlar, H; Stahl, W [Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt (Germany)

1962-01-15

pour controler la stabilite a long terme du systeme. (author) [Spanish] Contador Geiger de baja actividad de fondo para tritio. Los autores construyeron un tubo contador cilindrico de 11 l que contiene una serie de conductores de anticoincidencia en torno a un contador central de 2,9 l de volumen efectivo. La seccion de anticoincidencia esta separada del contador central por una delgada hoja de Hostaphan aluminizada. En el trabajo figura una serie de detalles constructivos. El gas que llena el contador consiste en una mezcla de etileno a 30 mm, de argon a 40 mm y la muestra de hidrogeno hasta 700 mm. Un circuito de extincion externo, cuyo tiempo muerto es de 7 ms, elimina eficazmente todos los impulsos demorados. Con un blindaje de hierro de 30 cm, el indice de recuento del contador central con hidrogeno gaseoso inerte es de 350 impulsos/min cuando el circuito de anticoincidencia no funciona y de unos 3 impulsos/min en el caso contrario. Suponiendo que un valor de 1 impulso/min por encima de la actividad de fondo sea significativo, resulta posible medir razones T/H muy pequenas, hasta 10{sup -16}, sin necesidad de proceder a un enriquecimiento isotopico. Se siguen realizando experimentos para verificar la estabilidad a largo plazo del dispositivo. (author) [Russian] Byla skonstruirovan a tsilindricheskaya trubka s ob{sup e}mom v 11 litrov, kotoraya soderzhit ryad provodov antisovpadeniya, okhvatyvayushchikh tsentral'nuyu chast' schetchika emkost'yu v 2,9 litra. TSentral'naya chast' schetchika otdelena ot sektsii antisovpadeniya tonkoj alyuminirovannoj Gostafanovoj fol'goj. Privodyatsya podrobnye dannye konstruktsii. Gaz dlya napolneniya schetchika sostoit iz 30 torr ehtilena, 40 torr argona i do 700 torr obraztsa vodoroda. Vneshnyaya tsep' gasheniya s mertvym vremenem v 7 msek. uspeshno ustranyaet posleduyushchie impul'sy. V 30 cm zheleznom ehkrane skorost' otcheta tsentral'noj chasti schetchika s ''mertvym'' vodorodnym gazom sostavlyaet 350 otschetov v minutu bez

Hygienic aspects of the natural organic ammendant obtained by composting; Valutazione dello stato igienico di un ammendante oranico naturale ottenuto per compostaggio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Armagliani, G. [Urbino Univ., Urbino (Italy). Centro di Biotecnologie; Sisti, M.; Schiavano, G. F.; Celeste, A. G. [Urbino Univ., Urbino (Italy). Istituto di Scienze Tossicologiche Igienistiche e Ambientali

2001-03-01

The Law Decree 22/97 about waste tends to favour recycling activities for energy and materials. One of these are composting processes. The product obtained by this technology, put on the market, must have the necessary hygienic qualifications. To give data regarding this matter it was evaluated, in the period 1998-2000, the microbiologic quality of a natural organic ammendant obtained by composting searching following parameters: heterotrophic microorganisms, faecal indicators, Escherichia coli, salmonellae, shigellae, Listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococci, coagulase-positive, enterovirus, protozoa cysts and helminth eggs. Same of these were also searched in the biological sludge and sludge - plant residues mix microbiological parameters. [Italian] Il Decreto Legge 22/97 in materia di rifiuti tende a favorire tutte quelle attivita' di recupero di energia e di materia. Una di queste e' rappresentata dai processi di compostaggio. Il prodotto che si ottiene con tale procedimentoe che si immette nel mercato deve rispondere a determinati requisiti di qualita' igienico-sanitaria. Allo scopo di fornire dati sulla sicurezza igienica di questo prodotto, nell'arco di triennio 1998-2000, e' stata valutata la qualita' microbiologica di un ammendante organico ottenuto per compostaggio ricercando i seguenti parametri: microrganismi eterotrofi, indici di contaminazione fecale, Escherichia coli, salmonelle, shigelle, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, stafilococchi coagulasi positivi, enterovirus, cisti di protozoi e uova di elminti. Alcuni di questi parametri sono stati ricercati anche nel fango biologico e nella miscela fango - frazione vegetale quali prodotti di partenza del processo di compostaggio.

Radiotherapy Results of Carcinoma of Cervix with positive Resection Margin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huh, Seung Jae; Kim, Dae Yong; Ahn, Yong Chan; Kim, Won Dong; Wu, Hong Gyun; Ha, Sung Whan; Kim, Il Han; Park, Charn Il

1996-01-01

Purpose : Patients with cervical cancer who have positive resection margins after radical hysterectomy are at increased risk for local recurrence. The results of postoperative pelvic radiotherapy for cervix cancer with positive resection margins were analyzed to evaluated the role of radiotherapy. Materials and Methods : Between 1979 and 1992, 60 patients of cervix carcinoma were treated with postoperative radiotherapy after radical hysterectomy because of positive vaginal(48 patients) or parametrial resection margins(12 patients). Patients were treated with external beam radiation therapy(EBRT) alone (12 patients) or EBRT plus vaginal ovoid irradiation (VOI) (48 patients). The median follow-up period was 5 months. Results : The 5-year actuarial disease free and overall survival rates for all patients were 75.2%, 84.1%, respectively. The overall recurrence rate was 23%(14/60). In 48 patients with positive vaginal resection margins, the pelvic recurrence was 8%(4/48). Distant metastasis was 15%(7/48). Of the 43 patients with positive vaginal resection margins treated with EBRT and VOI, recurrence rate was 21%(9/43), while recurrence rate was 40%(2/5) in the EBRT only treated group. In 12 patients with positive parametrial margins, three patients (25%) had distant metastases. The most significant prognostic factor was lymph node metastasis. Complications resulting from radiotherapy occurred at a rate of 32%(19/60) and grade III complications occurred in three patients (5%). Conclusion : Postoperative radiotherapy can produce excellent pelvic control rates in patients with positive resection margins. In patients with positive vaginal margins, whole pelvic EBRT and BOI is recommended

The prognostic role of {sup 99m}Tc-MDP breast scintigraphy. Comparison of scintigrafic findings with histologic and molecular parameters; Significato prognostico della scintigrafia mammaria con {sup 99m}Tc-MDP. Confronto con parametri istologici e molecolari

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dimonte, M. [Centro di Medicina Nucleare Calabrese, Lecce (Italy); Leo, G. [Azienda Ospedaliera V. Fazzi, Laboratorio Analisi, Lecce (Italy); Marsigliante, S. [Lecce Univ., Lecce (Italy). Dipt. di Biologia, Laboratorio di Fisiologia; Manca, C. [Azienda Ospedaliera V. Fazzi, Chirurgia Generale, Lecce (Italy)

1999-11-01

particolare essa puo' integrare la mammografia nei casi di dubbia interpretazione. Tuttavia a differenza dei traccianti con spiccato oncotropismo ({sup 201}Tallio, {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI, {sup 99m}Tc-tetrofosmina, {sup 111}In-pentetreotide, estrogeni radiomarcati), il MDP non sembra possa fornire addizionali informazioni prognostiche. Nel presente lavoro abbiamo voluto saggiare tale aspetto confrontando i dati scintigrafici con fattori istologici e molecolari di significato prognostico. In una serie di 44 carcinomi primitivi della mammella si sono confrontate statisticamente l'entita' della captazione radionuclidica da parte del tumore, espressa dal rapporto tumore/fondo (indice T/F), con istotipo, diametro, grado istologico e concentrazioni tissutali dei recettori per gli ormoni steroidi, catepsina D, timidina kinasi 1, oncoproteine pS2 e p53. Mentre la scintigrafia mammaria con MDP presenta buona accuratezza diagnostica, il suo contributo prognostico appare invece del tutto trascurabile in confronto alle indagini con traccianti oncotropi, in grado di fornire informazioni su cellularita', funzionalita' recettoriali, espressione di glicoproteina P e stato linfonodale. La cinetica tumorale del radiofosfonato, non ancora del tutto chiarita, risulta infatti dipendere soprattutto da fattori extra-cellulari come l'aumentata permeabilita' dei vasi tumorali e l'espansione dello spazio interstiziale. Nel presente lavoro si e' voluto verificare tali presupposti teorici ricercando eventuali relazioni tra grado di accumulo MDP nel carcinoma mammario e marcatori prognostici, aspetti scarsamente rappresentati in letteratura. La mancata dimostrazione di relazioni significative tra i valori dell'indice T/F e tali parametri conferma lo scarso ruolo prognostico della SM con MDP. In particolare mentre la sensibilita' dell'esame risulta fortemente condizionata dal diametro del carcinoma mammario, l'entita' di accumulo del

Utjecaj jestivog filma od želatine, obogaćenog eteričnim uljem lovora, na kakvoću fileta kalifornijske pastrve (Onchorynchus mykiss) tijekom skladištenja u hladnjaku

OpenAIRE

Alparslan, Yunus; Baygar, Tuba; Baygar, Taçnur; Hasanhocaoglu, Hatice; Metin, Cansu

2014-01-01

U ovom je radu ispitan utjecaj filma od želatine, obogaćenog eteričnim uljem lovorovog lista, na kakvoću fileta kalifornijske pastrve (Onchorynchus mykiss) skladištene na (4±1) °C tijekom 26 dana. Fileti su ribe omotani u filmove od 8 %-tne želatine, koji su sadržavali 0; 0,1 ili 1 % (volumena po masi želatine) eteričnog ulja lovora, te pakirani u vakuumu. Tijekom skladištenja određivani su: senzorske značajke sirove i kuhane ribe, mikrobiološki parametri (ukupan broj živih stanica, te bro...

Mikrobiološka kvaliteta i biokemijske promjene u svježem, mekanom kiselom siru Xinotyri, pripravljenom od svježeg ili pasteriziranog kozjeg mlijeka

OpenAIRE

Pappa, Eleni C.; Bontinis, Thomas G.; Tasioula-Margari, Maria; Samelis, John

2017-01-01

U radu su ispitani sljedeći parametri: mikrobiološka kakvoća, promjene u glavnim fizikalno-kemijskim značajkama i tijeku proteolize i lipolize te udjelu hlapljivih sastojaka u mekanom siru Xinotyri, tradicionalnom grčkom kiselom siru (pH vrijednosti od približno 4,4; udjela vlage od 65 % i udjela soli od 1 %), pripravljenom od svježeg ili pasteriziranog kozjeg mlijeka bez dodatka starter-kultura, i to tijekom 60 dana aerobnog skladištenja pri 4 °C. Nisu pronađene statistički bitne razlike u u...

Beta-Excited Sources of Electromagnetic Radiation; Sources de rayonnements electromagnetiques excites par des particules beta; Vozbuzhdennye beta-chastitsami istochniki ehlektromagnitnogo izlucheniya; Fuentes de radiacion electromagnetica excitadas por particulas beta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cameron, J F; Rhodes, J R [Physics Group, Isotope Research Division, (AERE), Wantage Research Laboratory, Wantage, Berks (United Kingdom)

1962-01-15

incluyen cuadros que permiten escoger la fuente optima para absorbentes de distintos espesores. (author) [Russian] Avtory dayut opisanie vozbuzhdennykh beta-chastitsami istochnikov ehlektromagnitnogo izlucheniya v ehnergeticheskom rajone ot 1 do 200 kehv i prigodnykh dlya promyshlennogo ispol'zovaniya. V kachestve istochnikov beta-chastits byli vzyaty tritij, prometij-147, kripton-85, tallij-204 i strontsij-90+ ittrij-90, poskol'ku oni imeyut prodolzhitel'nyj period poluraspada, nebol'shuyu stoimost', vysokuyu udel'nuyu aktivnost' i legkost' ikh polucheniya. Dlya izgotovleniya vozbuzhdennykh beta-chastitsami istochnikov staralis' dostignut' kompromissa mezhdu prakticheskimi trebovaniyami konstruktsii i nailuchshej teoreticheskoj ehffektivnost'yu v dannoj ehnergeticheskoj zone. V dannoj annotatsii avtory raz{sup y}asnyayut putem podscheta kolichestva protonov, izluchaemykh beta-chastitsami, i predusmatrivayut vnesenie izmenenij v ehti podschety dlya samoabsorbtsii rentgenovskogo izlucheniya. EHti podschety uchityvayut v to zhe samoe vremya tormoznoe izluchenie i kharakteristicheskie flyuorestsentnye luchi, maksimal'nyj vykhod kharakteristicheskikh luchej, dostigaemyj dlya mishenej Z ot 40 do 60. Nakonets, oni utverzhdayut, chto v zhelaemoj ehnergeticheskoj zone poluchayut kak luchshij vykhod fotonnogo izlucheniya so ''sloenymi'' mishenyami, sloj polovinnogo oslableniya kotorogo sootvetstvuet dline probega 1-2 beta. Alyuminij, serebro i zoloto s proizvodstvennoj tochki zreniya yavlyayutsya podkhodyashchimi ehlementami dlya pokrytiya istochnikov. Oni takzhe dayut udovletvoritel'nye vykhody tormoznogo izlucheniya i rentgenovskogo izlucheniya i raspredelenie po razlichnym ehnergeticheskim zonam v radiuse ot 0 do 200 kehv pri pravil'nom ob{sup e}dinenii s vysheukazannymi beta-izluchatelyami. Dayutsya nekotorye ehnergeticheskie spektry i privodyatsya krivye pogloshcheniya v alyuminii i zheleze dlya nailuchshikh kombinatsij istochnikov mishenej. Byla obnaruzhena neznachitel

Diffusion in moving grain-boundaries; Diffusion aux joints de grains en mouvement; Diffuziya na peremeshchayushchikhsya granichnykh poverkhnostyakh zeren; Difusion de los limites intergranulares en movimiento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blackburn, D A; Brown, A F [Solid State Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (United Kingdom)

1962-01-15

supera el 100% en los intervalos estudiados. (author) [Russian] Sparennye kristally medi peremeshchalis' vdol' obshchej granichnoj poverkhnosti so skorost'yu v 0,06-0,3 {mu}/ch pri temperaturakh okolo 725{sup o} C. Pri pomoshchi avtoradiografii bylo izucheno proniknovenie Ag{sup 110} v nepodvizhnye i v peremeshchaemye granichnye poverkhnosti. Kak dlya peremeshchayushchikhsya, tak i dlya nepodvizhnykh granichnykh poverkhnostej bylo polucheno khoroshee sovpadenie s formuloj Fishera. Otnoshenie koehffitsientov diffuzii na granichnoj poverkhnosti zerna i koehffitsienta diffuzii v masse kristalla (D'/D) poryadka 10{sup 6}. Dlya issledovannykh granichnykh poverkhnostej D'/D-10{sup 6}, okazyvaetsya, chto D'/D slegka vozrastaet po mere uvelicheniya obshchego sdviga i ego skorosti, no na protyazhenii obsledovannogo intervala ehto sootnoshenie ne uvelichivalos' bol'she chem v dva raza. (author)

Production of C{sup 14}-labelled compounds from C{sup 14}O{sub 2} accelerated in an electric field - Physico-chemical analysis of some radioactive compounds obtained; Production de composes marques au {sup 14}C a partir de {sup 14}CO{sub 2} accelere dans un champ electrique - Analyse physico-chimique de quelques composes radioactifs obtenus; Proizvodstvo mechennykh uglerodom-14 soedinenij iz C{sup 14}O{sub 2}, uskorennogo v ehlektricheskom pole - Fiziko-khimicheskij analiz neskol'kikh poluchennykh radioaktivnykh soedinenij; Obtencion de compuestos marcados con {sup 14}C a partir de {sup 14}CO{sub 2} acelerado en un campo electrico - Analisis fisicoquimico de algunos de los compuestos radiactivos obtenidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guillaume, M [Universite de Liege, Belgique (Belgium)

1962-03-15

con cadenas alifaticas (50 {mu}c/g para el acido glutarico) o con moleculas ciclicas que presenten una cadena alifatica (acido acetilsalicilico). (author) [Russian] V dannoj rabote izlagaetsya metod mecheniya, osnovannyj na uskorenii ehlektricheskim polem C{sup 14}O{sub 2}, kotoryj v ehto vremya poddaetsya vstupleniyu v reaktsiyu s organicheskoj mishen'yu, nakhodyashchejsya na ego traektorii. Opysyvaemaya razryadnaya kamera dejstvuet pod napryazheniem 500 v, 150 mka, a podlezhashchie mecheniyu organicheskie veshchestva vvodyatsya v ehto pole i nakhodyatsya tam okolo 3 chasov vmeste s CO{sub 2} udel'noj aktivnosti v 24 mkyuri/mmol'. Maksimal'nyj vykhod poluchennykh produktov ostaetsya slabym (okolo 6%), a 60% C{sup 14}O{sub 2} - razrusheno. EHtot maksimal'nyj vykhod poluchaetsya tol'ko dlya alifaticheskikh tsepej (50 mkkyuri/r dlya glutarovoj kisloty) ili dlya aromaticheskikh veshchestv, predstavlyayushchikh alifaticheskuyu tsep' (atsetilgalitsilovuyu kislotu). (author)

Special Nuclear Material Control by the Power Reactor Operator; Controle des Matieres Nucleaires Speciales par l'Exploitant d'une Centrale Nucleaire; Spetsial'nyj kontrol' nalichiya yadernykh materialov operatorom ehnergeticheskogo reaktora; Control de Materiales Nucleares Especiales por Parte de Quienes Operan el Reactor de Potencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cordin, R. A. [Yankee Atomic Electric Company, Boston, MA (United States)

1966-02-15

debido a un control deficiente de los combustibles nucleares y a la falta de precision en las operaciones contables. La administracion de materiales nucleares requiere que los explotadores de los reactores de potencia lleven una contabilidad completa y detallada. No es necesario que los documentos sean complejos si lo que se pretende es que sean completos y adecuados. En realidad, la sencillez es sobremanera conveniente. A pesar de que el combustible nuclear es un combustible nuevo y totalmente distinto de los de tipo tradicional, no hay que rodear su utilizacion de ninguna aureola de misterio. El control de los materiales nucleares no es una simple labor de inventario, sino que constituye la base de muchas otras operaciones inherentes a la explotacion de los reactores de potencia, por ejemplo: el transporte del combustible irradiado, su regeneracion con la correspondiente contabilizacion del combustible recuperado y del material producido durante el funcionamiento del reactor, y, por ultimo, el establecimiento de un sistema de seguros adecuado. (author) [Russian] Otnositel'no novoe i chrezvychajno cennoe toplivo dlja proizvodstva jelektrojenergii, a imenno uran, trebuet ochen' tshhatel'nogo ucheta s momenta, kogda operator reaktora prinimaet na sebja material'nuju otvetstvennost' za jetot material, i do togo momenta, kogda jetot material v vide chastichno otrabotannogo topliva peredaetsja na druguju ustanovku, gde regeneriruetsja ostavshajasja chast' ego pervonachal'noj cennosti. Bol'shaja chast' operatorov jenergeticheskih reaktorov, do pojavlenija v svet jadernoj jenergetiki, rabotala na jelektrostancijah s obychnym iskopaemym toplivom i /zhe davno vyrabotala dostatochno polnye i nadezhnye formy kontrolja za ego rashodovaniem. Operator reaktora dolzhen raspolagat' ne menee nadezhnymi sposobami ucheta jadernyh materialov, ispol'zuemyh na ego ustanovke. Jekspluatacija jenergeticheskih reaktorov ne imeet bol'shoj istorii, i na protjazhenii otnositel'no korotkogo perioda

Radioisotopes as tracers for reactions in molten fluoride media; Les radioisotopes comme indicateurs des reactions se produisant dans des milieux de fluorures fondus; Ispol'zovanie radioizotopov v kachestve indikatorov dlya reaktsij v rasplavlennoj ftoristoj srede; Los radioisotopos como indicadores de las reacciones que tienen lugar en un medio de fluoruros fundidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grimes, W R; Shaffer, J H; Strehlow, R A; Ward, W T; Watson, G M [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1962-03-15

produce un aumento de la concentracion de radioisotopos en la solucion, de conformidad con la ley de accion de masas. Cuando se enfrian ciertas mezclas de LiF y BeF{sub 2} fundidas que contengan CeF{sub 3} y fluoruros de las tierras raras, la fase primaria consiste en una solucion solida de los trifluoruros. Los autores han evaluado los equilibrios entre la solucion fundida y la solucion solida, para diversos pares de fluoruros. No han observado ninguna desviacion notable respecto de la ley de accion de masas. Los autores logran la separacion de diversas especies por precipitacion selectiva de los oxidos a partir de soluciones de fluoruros fundidos. (author) [Russian] Putem ispol'zovaniya sootvetstvuyushchikh radioizotopov i standartnykh metodov otscheta byli izucheny khimicheskie reaktsii, kotorye mogut okazat'sya poleznymi dlya udaleniya nekotorykh sostavnykh chastej iz rasplavlennykh ftoristykh rastvorov. Byli izucheny sleduyushchie kategorii reaktsij: 1) izotopnyj obmen mezhdu rastvorennym indikatorom i nerastvorimymi slozhnymi veshchestvami; 2) raspredelenie rastvorennogo indikatora mezhdu rasplavom i rastvorom analogichnogo slozhnogo veshchestva v tverdom sostoyanii i 3) osazhdenie radioizotopa v kachestve nerastvorimogo slozhnogo veshchestva. V tipichnykh ehksperimentakh nablyudalos', chto radioaktivnyj indikator LaF{sub 3} v rasplavakh LiF-NaF bystro obmenivaetsya na neaktivnyj La{sub 2}O{sub 3}. V ehtom rastvoritele analogichnyj bystryj obmen proiskhodit mezhdu radioaktivnym indikatorom CeF{sub 3} i neaktivnym CeO{sub 2}; trebuemoe v poslednem sluchae perenesenie ehlektrona ochevidno ne prepyatstvuet ehtoj reaktsii. V sootvetstvii s printsipom massovogo dejstviya dobavlenie k kazhdoj iz ehtikh sistem neaktivnogo CeF{sub 3} uvelichivalo soderzhanie radioaktivnogo indikatora v rastvore. Pri okhlazhdenii nekotorykh rasplavov ZiF-BeF{sub 2}, soderzhashchikh CeF{sub 3}, i redkikh zemel' v kachestve pervichnoj fazy obrazuetsya tverdyj rastvor triftoristykh soedinenij

Parametri pedologici e applicazioni per modelli in ambito ambientale: il quadro europeo ed italiano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flavio Lupia

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Soil parameters as a key point for environmental modeling: the European and Italian situationSoil parameters are key information for environmental modelling and simulation activities. Soil data demand grows contemporary to the need of supporting the decision processes at the different administrative levels. Models application requires collection, harmonization and integration of soil database at the various geographic levels as well as the assessment of the characteristics of data accuracy and quality. The contribution explores the European and Italian situation concerning soil databases by stressing their features, issues and future perspectives.

Parametri pedologici e applicazioni per modelli in ambito ambientale: il quadro europeo ed italiano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flavio Lupia

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Soil parameters as a key point for environmental modeling: the European and Italian situation Soil parameters are key information for environmental modelling and simulation activities. Soil data demand grows contemporary to the need of supporting the decision processes at the different administrative levels. Models application requires collection, harmonization and integration of soil database at the various geographic levels as well as the assessment of the characteristics of data accuracy and quality. The contribution explores the European and Italian situation concerning soil databases by stressing their features, issues and future perspectives.

Srážkově - odtokové parametry vybraných povodí Stropnice

OpenAIRE

FRAŇKOVÁ, Diana

2010-01-01

Dissertation work rainfall-drainage parameters on chosen river-basin Stropnice is dealing with measurement of drainage value of surface water on five specific profiles in the area of Horní Stropnice. The goal was discovery and analysis of information on the river-basin Bedřichovský, Pasecký and Váckový stream, Humenická dam and in closure profile at Tomkův mill in the years 2007 - 2010, where there were monitoring heights of water level. After substitution into discharge-rating curve were sco...

Pengembangan Trainer Equalizer Grafis dan Parametris sebagai Media Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Praktik Sistem Audio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bekti Wulandari

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The objectives of this study were to determine the development process of graphic and parametric equalizer trainer media in the course of Audio System and to examine the quality of the media. The development process of the media referred to the model offered by Lee and Owens. The research procedures consisted of assessment/analysis, designing, implementation and evaluation. The results of the study showed that the percentages for the quality aspect of the media and the companion module were 4.31 and 4.42 respectively. Based on these two aspects, it was obtained the overall percentage that was equal to 4.36. Whereas from the process of the trial by the students, the percentages of the media and the companion module were 4.47 and 4.36 respectively. Thus the level of validity and feasibility of the media was categorized as very good.

Distribution of Aerially Applied Malathion-S{sup 35} in a Forest Ecosystem; Distribution du malathion- {sup 35}S pulverise par avion dans un ensemble ecologique forestier; Raspredelenie malationa, mechennogo S35 i raspylyaemogo s vozdukha dlya izucheniya ehkologicheskoj sistemy lesnykh massivov; Distribucion en un sistema ecologico forestal de malation- 35S pulverizado desde el aire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Giles, Jr., R. H.; Peterle, T. J. [Ohio Co-Operative Wildlife Research Unit, Columbus, OH (United States)

1963-09-15

insecticida pulverizado. Por toma de muestras de tierra y recuento de zonas delimitadas se estudio la distribucion bajo la superficie del suelo. Las muestras de agua tomadas en arroyos intermitentes y los ensayos realizados con insectos, mamiferos, reptiles y aves indicaron la distribucion inicial y subsiguiente del insecticida y sus metabolitos en el sistema ecologico. Los estudios de la poblacion animal siguieron durante los veranos de 1961 y 1962; en el verano de 1963 se reuniran todavia algunos datos. Los resultados preliminares indican que la poblacion de insectos vuelve a la normalidad unas tres semanas despues del tratamiento; no se observo efecto alguno en los animales vertebrados de la zona tratada. (author) [Russian] Raspredelenie malationa (0,0-dimetilditiofosfat diehtilmerkaptoyantarnoj kisloty) v lesnom massive vostochnoj chasti Tsentral'nogo Ogajo, SSHA, izuchalos' vesnoj 1962 goda. Ehtot insektitsid shirokogo dejstviya byl vybran dlya izucheniya v svyazi s ego vozrastayushchej rol'yu v bor'be s mnogimi vazhnymi nasekokymi-vreditelyami listvennykh i khvojnykh lesov Soedinennykh Shtatov. Dlya rasshireniya znanij po ehkologii lesnykh massivov, a takzhe bolee polnogo ponimaniya vliyaniya insektitsidov na faunu byla ispol'zovana svoeobraznaya vozmozhnost' izucheniya ehtikh problem odnovremenno posredstvom primeneniya mechennykh izotopami insektitsidov. S{sup 35} byla vybrana vvidu nizkoj ehnergii beta-izlucheniya (0,167 Mehv) i dostatochno korotkogo perioda poluraspada (87,1 dnya). Predvaritel'noe issledovanie uchastka zemli 0,1 akra letom 1961 goda pokazalo stepen' vozmozhnogo' primeneniya v usloviyakh obshchej radiatsii, a takzhe vozmozhnost' razrabotat' podgotovitel'nye metody dlya vzyatiya prob. Letom 1961 goda byl proveden obzor fauny dvukh bassejnov reki ploshchad'yu v 20 akrov kazhdyj. V mae 1962 goda odin iz nikh byl obrabotan tekhnicheski-chistym malationom v kolichestve 2 funtov na 1 akr v smesi s ksilolom, tritonom X-155 (ehmul'gator) i vodoj. Malation

Effects of Radiation on Germ Cells of Insects: Dominant Lethals, Gamete Inactivation and Gonial-Cell Killing; Effets des rayonnements sur les cellules germinales des insectes: letalite dominante, inactivation des gametes et destruction des cellules des gonades; Vozdejstvie radiatsii na polovye kletki nasekomykh: dominantnye letali, inaktivatsiya gamet i umershchvlenie polovykh kletok; Efectos de las radiaciones sobre las celulas germinales de los insectos: elementos letales dominantes, inactivacion de los gametos y exterminacion de las celulas gonadicas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Von Borstel, R. C. [Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1963-09-15

(otryad nastoyashchikh poluzhestkokrylykh Coccldae)) predstavlyayut soboyu osobye sluchai, i ikh reaktsiya na obluchenie znachitel'no otlichaetsya ot reaktsii nasekomykh drugikh vidov. Pri istreblenii populyatsij nasekomykh oblucheniem samtsov dominantnaya detal'nost' predstavlyaetsya stol' zhe perspektivnoj dlya vidov s odnokratnym sparivaniem, kak i dlya vidov s mnogokratnym sparivaniem. Inaktivatsiyu spermy i umershchvlenie polovykh kletok mozhno schitat' primerami polucheniya istinnoj steril'nosti, naibolee ehffektnoj dlya vidov, gde sparivanie proiskhodit odnokratn'. Dlya naibolee ehffektivnogo istrebleniya dolzhny vybirat'sya takie dozy, kotorye vedut k polucheniyu maksimal'noj dominantnoj letal'nosti, proizvodyat minimal'nuyu inaktivatsiyu spermy i vyzyvayut polnoe umershchvlenie polovykh kletok. Ehti parametry legko poddayutsya opredeleniyu posredstvom izmereniya zhiznesposobnosti gamet, ehksperimentami s konkurentsiej mezhdu obluchennymi i neobluchennymi populyatsiyami, a takzhe gistologicheskim issledovaniem gonad. (author)

Shippingport Atomic Power Station Operating Experience, Developments and Future Plans; La centrale nucleaire de Shippingport, experience de son fonctionnement et plans pour l'avenir; Shippingportskaya atomnaya ehlektrostantsij, opyt ehkspluatatsii, usovershenstvovaniya i plany na budushchee; Central nucleoelectrica de Shippingport; experiencia adquirida con su explotacton y programa de desarrollo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feinroth, H. [Division of Reactor Development, United States Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC (United States); Oldham, G. M. [Shippingport Atomic Power Station, Duquesne Light Company, Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Stiefel, J. T. [Bettis Atomic Power.Labora Tory, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

1963-10-15

elevada densidad de potencia, el denominado cuerpo No. 2. Con una potencia nominal bruta de 150 MW(e) y una duracion equivalente a 10 000 h de funcionamiento a plena potencia, el cuerpo No. 2 dara una produccion de energia 5,5 mayor que la del cuerpo No. 1 y su potencia especifica sera el doble de la de este ultimo. Se describen las caracteristicas de diseflo del cuerpo No. 2 y se resumen los principales adelantos en materia de fisica de reactores, metalurgia, transmision de calor, circulacion de fluidos, y elaboracion de elementos combustibles. Por ultimo, se describen los planes para la descontaminacion de la central nuclear y para introducir en la misma las modificaciones exigidas por la instalacion del cuerpo No. 2, de mayor potencia. (author) [Russian] Daetsya otsenka pyati godam ehkspluatatsii i ispytanie Shippingportskoj ehlektrostantsii, a takzhe rassmatrivayutsya poslednie tekhnicheskie usovershenstvovaniya i programma na budushchee. Ehta programma napravlena na usovershenstvovanie osnovnoj tekhnologii reaktorov na obychnoj vode s tem; chtoby sozdat' osnovu dlya umen'sheniya v budushchem stoimosti yadernoj ehlektroehnergii. Shippingportskaya reaktornaya ustanovka, ehkspluatirovavshayasya pyat' let, priznana godnoj dlya legkogo podklyucheniya k sisteme ehnergosnabzheniya v kachestve ustanovki dlya bazovoj ili pikovoj nagruzok. Rabota komponentov ustanovki byla nadezhnoj. Ne voznikalo problem, svyazannykh s zagryazneniem ili udaleniem otkhodov. Dostup k komponentam pervichnoj sistemy okhlazhdeniya dlya ikh obsluzhivaniya 'byl khoroshim, chto pokazyvaet tselostnost' toplivnykh ehlementov. Kazhdaya iz trekh operatsij po zamene topliva v reaktore s momenta ego puska trebovala vse men'she i men'she vremeni. Nedavno byla ustanovlena tret'ya zapal'naya sborka, na chto potrebovalos' 32 rabochikh dnya, t.e. okolo odnoj chetverti vremeni, potrachennogo na pervuyu zamenu topliva. Opisany ofitsial'nye trebovaniya v otnoshenii podgotovki personala, pis

Clinical significance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluation of the extension of uterine cervical cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsubara, Masaru

1993-01-01

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 62 patients with uterine cervical cancer and the preoperative MRI findings were compared with the pathological findings following surgery. The surgical stages of 62 patients were 2 at stage 0, 18 at stage Ia, 19 at stage Ib, 9 at stage IIa, 11 at stage IIb, 2 at stage IIIa, and 1 at stage IIIb. The MRI findings in the present study included: (1) the existence of a high intensity area (HIA) in the uterine cervix or minimum thickness of residual normal cervical tissue, (2) necrotic cavity, (3) pyometra, (4) irregular margin of the cervix, (5) parametrial invasion, (6) vaginal invasion, (7) bladder invasion, and (8) lymph node enlargement. No HIA was observed in any patient with stage 0 or stage Ia, in 8 patients with stage Ib, and in 2 patients with stage IIa, while all patients with cancer tissues greater than 10 mm in diameter had a HIA. In 39 patients in whom hysterectomy was undergone without conization, the findings of MRI correlated significantly (r=0.929, p<0.001) with the minimum thickness of residual normal cervical tissue by the pathological measurement. When the irregular margin of the cervix was regarded as a disruption of the cervical myo-metrium by cancer tissue, accuracy was 87%. Furthermore, the degrees of accuracy for parametrial invasion, vaginal invasion and bladder invasion were 92%, 90% and 94%, respectively. When lymphnodes greater than 15 mm in diameter were regarded as a positive in MRI, accuracy was 88%. The present results indicate that MRI is clinically effective in preoperatively evaluating the extension of uterine cervical cancer. (author)

Electronic methods for discriminating scintillation shapes; Methodes electroniques de discrimination des formes des impulsions issues de scintillateurs; Ehlektronnye metody diskriminatsii form stsintillyatsii; Metodos electronicos de discriminacion de forma de impulsos de centelleo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Forte, M; Konsta, A; Maranzana, C [European Atomic Energy Community, CCR, ISPRA (Italy)

1962-04-15

hasta impulsos debiles, de unas cuantas decenas de fotoelectrones, y la discriminacion de fragmentos emitidos por captura neutronica en liquidos conteniendo boro. Algunas de estas redes fueron capaces de operar con impulsos de la misma polaridad emitidos por dos de los ultimos dinodos, incluso con la salida de un solo electrodo. Ello puede ser util cuando conviene emplear el anodo independientemente, por ejemplo, para sincronizacion. (author) [Russian] Kak uzhe soobshchalos' ran'she, forma stsintillyatsionnogo impul'sa, kharakterizuyushchaya tip vozbuzhdayushchej chastitsy (ehlektron, proton, al'fa i t.d.), mozhet byt' prevrashchena v nezavisimyj ot amplitudy impul'sa parametr. EHto pozvolyaet vyyavit' posredstvom mnogokanal'nogo analizatora sostav vozbuzhdayushchego stsintillyator puchka so smeshannymi chastitsami. EHtot metod byl uspeshno primenen k neskol'kim stsintillyatoram kak organicheskogo, tak i neorganicheskogo tipa. Privodyatsya detali ehlektronnykh metodik, ispol'zovannykh dlya preobrazovaniya formy impul'sov. Dlya bolee prostykh sluchaev diskriminatsii tol'ko mezhdu dvumya vidami impul'sov (naprimer, diskriminatsiya nejtronov ot gamma-izluchenij) rassmatrivalas' takzhe vozmozhnost' ispol'zovaniya passivnykh skhem, predstavlyayushchikhsya perspektivnymi dlya dal'nejshikh usovershenstvovanij i uproshchenij. Bylo isprobovano neskol'ko skhem, glavnym rezul'tatom chego bylo to, chto pri nalichii fona gamma-izlucheniya udalos' rasprostranit' diskriminatsiyu protonov otdachi v zhidkikh stsintillyatorakh na malye impul'sy vsego lish' v neskol'ko desyatkov fotoehlektronov, a takzhe dobit'sya diskriminatsii oskolkov zakhvata nejtronov v soderzhashchikh bor zhidkostyakh. Nekotorye iz ehtikh skhem byli prednaznacheny dlya raboty s impul'sami odinakovoj polyarnosti, podavaemymi dvumya poslednimi ehlektrodami umnozhitelya, ili dazhe s vykhodnymi impul'sami odnogo lish' ehlektroda. EHto mozhet okazat'sya poleznym pri nezavisimom ispol'zovanii anoda, naprimer, dlya

Fabrication of Ceramic Aggregate from Phosphogypsum and Power Plant Ash – Preliminary Studies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sokołowski J.

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Z odpadów po produkcji kwasu fosforowego i po energetycznym spaleniu węgla spreparowano mieszanki fosfogipsowo- popiolowe z dodatkiem węgla, zgranulowano je oraz wyznaczono parametry spiekania aglomeratów w piecu muflowym, w atmosferze powietrza. Określono wytrzymałość mechaniczną granul kruszywa, ich porowatość i nasiąkliwość oraz porównano je z parametrami kruszywa handlowego. Wyznaczono ich skład chemiczny i fazowy. Wyniki badań wskazują, że zaproponowana metoda wysokotemperaturowej utylizacji fosfogipsu i popiołów elektrownianych ma potencjał aplikacyjny, który uzasadnia prowadzenie dalszych badań.

Tritium Studies in the United States. Geological Survey; Le tritium dans les etudes entreprises par le Service Geologique des Etats-Unis; Izuchenie tritiya v svyazi s geologicheskim obsledovaniem ssha; El tritio en los estudios del Servicio Geologico de los Estados Unidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carlston, C W; Thatcher, L L [United States Geological Survey, Washington, DC (United States)

1962-01-15

hydrogeno-etileno son las mas satisfactorias. Se ha estudiado el enriquecimiento electrolitico con el proposito de mejorar la reproductibilidad del metodo y de evaluar los factores de separacion en diferentes condiciones experimentales. Se ha encontrado un prodecimiento que permite recuperar regularmente el 75 por ciento del tritio. Los principales trabajos efectuados en el terreno consisten en: 1. Un estudio realizado con ayuda de tritio en la llanura costera de Nueva Jersey, el cual indica que debajo del nivel freatico el agua aparece dispuesta en capas de diferentes edades. 2. Estudios en dos macizos autoctonos diferentes con el fin de determinar el comportamiento del tritio precipitado a raiz de los ensayos termonucleares realizados en 1958. 3. Utilizacion del tritio para determinar la renovacion del agua subterranea en las areniscas terciarias subyacentes a los altiplanos semiaridos de Nuevo Mexico. 4. Un estudio del contenido de tritio en las aguas subterraneas de la llanura del Snake River-en Idaho, que se lleva a cabo en procura de datos sobre la edad, los caudales y la direccion de cir, culacion del agua. 5. La determinacion de la capacidad de un deposito subterraneo proximo a Carlsbad, Nuevo Mexico, usando tritio industrial como indicador. (author) [Russian] Upravlenie geologicheskogo obsledovaniya provodit issledovatel'skuyu programmu kak po linii laboratornogo analiza tritiya, tak i v tselom ryade proektov na mestakh, napravlennykh na izuchenie vozmozhnoj foli tritiya v gidrologicheskikh izyskaniyakh. Laboratornye issledovaniya byli predprinyaty s tsel'yu usovershenstvovaniya tekhniki otschetov impul'sov gazovoj fazy, a takzhe s tsel'yu razrabotki prostykh priborov, prisposoblennykh dlya vypolneniya programmy dolgosrochnogo gidrologicheskogo obsledovaniya . Izuchenie razlichnykh prigodnykh dlya scheta gazovykh smesej pokazyvaet na preimushchestva smesej' vodoroda s ehfirom i vodoroda s ehtilenom. Bylo izucheno ehlekroliticheskoe obogashchenie s tsel

Direct measurement of the half-life of Rb{sup 87}; Mesure directe de la periode du rubidium-87; Pryamoe izmerenie poluraspada rubidiya-87; Medicion directa del periodo del {sup 87}Rb

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McNair, A; Wilson, H W [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Aldermaston, Berks. (United Kingdom)

1962-01-15

especial atencion a una reduccion del espesor de la fuente y de su soporte. Los autores han recurrido a diversos procedimientos para aumentar la precision de las mediciones. El espesor de la fuente se redujo empleando: i) un contador proporcional 4 {pi} de gran superficie util (hasta 100 cm{sup 2}), ii) un circuito de anticoincidencias para disminuir la intensidad de la radiacion de fondo, y iii) {sup 87}Rb enriquecido, lo que permite reducir a la cuarta parte el espesor de la fuente para una actividad dada. De esta forma, se han podido medir fuentes hasta de 5 {mu}g/cm{sup 2}. Tambien examinaron la relacion entre el periodo de semidesintegracion y el espesor de la fuente, a fin de poder introducir una correccion para tener en cuenta la debil absorcion remanente. El efecto del espesor del soporte de la fuente no estan considerable y puede calcularse partiendo: i) de la diferencia entre la velocidad de recuento en ambos lados de los delgados soportes utilizados, y ii) de un estudio de la relacion existente entre el periodo de semidesintegracion y el espesor del soporte de la fuente. Estos experimentos dan un valor aproximado de 5,25 x 10{sup 12} anos para el periodo de semidesintegracion del {sup 87}Rb. (author) [Russian] Period poluraspada Rb''8''7 izmeryalsya neposredstvenno putem opredeleniya spetsificheskoj aktivnosti metodom scheta. Poluchennye ranee periody poluraspada nakhodyatsya v predelakh 4 - 6 kh 10''1''0 let s velichinoj, kotoraya beretsya obychno v 5 kh 10''1''0 let. Metod pryamogo scheta yavlyaetsya dovol'no slozhnym iz-za nalichiya bol'shogo chisla ehlektronov ochen' maloj ehnergii v spektre rubidiya-87. Odnako ves'ma aktual'nym yavlyaetsya poluchenie tochnoj velichiny metodom scheta, t.e. to, chto avtory pytalis' prodelat'. V ehtikh izmereniyakh sleduet udelit' osoboe vnimanie umen'sheniyu tolshchiny istochnika i ego podkladki. Dlya uvelicheniya tochnosti izmerenij byli ispol'zovany sleduyushchie metody. Tolshchina istochnika umen'shalas' putem ispol

Batteryless {gamma}-Ray Dosimeter; Dosimetre de rayons {gamma}, sans batteries; {gamma}-dozimetr bez batarei; Dosimetro a rayos {gamma} sin bateria

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gross, Bernhard [National Institute of Technology, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

1960-06-15

The Compton current produced by X-rays and {gamma}-rays in the 0.3 to 3 MeV range is proportional to the radiant energy flux. Therefore the intensity of the current can be used as a measure of radiation dose. The present paper describes a radiation receiver and electrical measuring system suitable for Compton current measurements and results obtained with this device under irradiation from a 2000 curie Co{sup 60} source. (author) [French] Le courant de Compton produit par des rayons X et {gamma} dans le domaine d'energies compris entre 0,3 et 3 MeV est proportionnel au flux d'energie rayonnante. C'est pourquoi l'intensite du courant peut servir de mesure de la dose de rayonnements. Le memoire decrit un ensemble, appareil recepteur de rayonnements et appareil de mesure electrique, permettant de mesurer le courant de Compton et il expose les resultats obtenus, au moyen de ce dispositif, sous irradiation par une source de Co{sup 60} de 2000 curies. (author) [Spanish] La corriente de Compton producida por rayos X y rayos {gamma} de energia comprendida entre 0,3 y 3 MeV es proporcional al flujo de energia radiante. Por consiguiente, la intensidad de la corriente puede servir para medir la dosis de radiacion. En este trabajo se describen un receptor de radiaciones y un sistema de medicion electrica apropiados para determinar la intensidad de la corriente de Compton, asi como los resultados obtenidos mediante este dis- positivo cuando se irradia con una fuente de Co{sup 60} de 2000 curies. (author) [Russian] Komptonovskij potok, obrazuemyj rentgenovskim i luchami i {gamma}-luchami v predelakh ot 0,3 do 3 mehv, proportsionale n potoku luchistoj ehnergii. Poehtomu intensivnost' potoka mozhet byt' ispol'zovana dlya izmereniya dozy radiatsii. V nastoyashchem dokumente opisyvayutsya radiatsionny j priemnik i ehlektricheskaya izmeritel'naya sistema, prigodnye dlya izmerenij s pomoshch'yu komptonovskog o potoka, i rezul'taty, poluchennye s pomoshch'yu ehtogo ustrojstva v khode

Development of Geiger-Mueller counters for operation at high temperatures; Mise au point de compteurs Geiger-Mueller fonctionnant a haute temperature; Razrabotka schetchikov Gejgera-Myullera, rabotayushchikh pri povyshennoj temperature; Contadores Geiger-Mueller que funcionan a temperaturas elevadas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Draghicescu, M [Institut de Physique Atomique, Bucarest (Romania)

1962-04-15

Counters of this type are necessary for radioactive logging at great depths; they have to operate normally at temperatures up to 180{sup o}C. In order to preserve their characteristics under such conditions, the work function of the cathode has been improved by a special treatment. Tests have been made on counters with graphite, copper and wolfram cathodes in a glass envelope. The method is simple, and can easily be employed in industry. (author) [French] De tels compteurs sont necessaires pour le sondage radioactif aux grandes profondeurs; ils doivent fonctionner dans des conditions normales jusqu'a la temperature de 180{sup o}C. Afin qu'ils puissent conserver leurs caracteristiques jusqu'a cette temperature, on a agi sur le travail de sortie de la cathode par un traitement adequat. On a fait l'essai sur des compteurs avec cathode de graphite, de cuivre ou de tungstene, dans un ballon de verre. La methode proposee est simple et peut etre appliquee facilement dans l'industrie. (author) [Spanish] Se requiere este tipo de contador para la determinacion de la radiactividad a grandes profundidades; debe ser capaz de funcionar normalmente a temperaturas hasta de 180{sup o}C. A fin de que sus caracteristicas se conserven inalteradas hasta tales temperaturas, se ha modificado la funcion de trabajo del catodo mediante un tratamiento adecuando. Se han ensayado contadores con catodo de grafito, de cobre o de wolframio en un balon de vidrio. El metodo propuesto es simple y puede aplicarse facilmente en la industria. (author) [Russian] Podobnye schetchiki neobkhodimy dlya radioaktivnogo karottazha na bol'shikh glubinakh; oni dolzhny funktsionirovat' v normal'nykh usloviyakh pri temperature do 180{sup o}C. Nakonets, dlya togo, chtoby oni mogli sokhranyat' svoi osobennosti pri ehtoj temperature, bylo obrashcheno vnimanie na rabotu katodnogo vykhoda pri pomoshchi sootvetstvuyushchej obrabotki. Byl proveden opyt na schetchikakh s grafitovym, mednym ili vol'framovym katodom v

Stating of cervical carcinoma using magnetic resonance imaging; Estadificacion del carcinoma de cervix por resonancia magnetica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oleaga, L.; Vela, M. C.; Grande, J.; Cura del, J. L.; Grande, D. [Hospital de Basurto. Bilbao (Spain)

1999-07-01

The infiltration of the parametrium represents one of the most important factors that determine the prediction and treatment of cervical carcinoma. Our objetive is to evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the staging of cervical carcinomas, to establish the reliability of this technique and to carry out a comparative study of the sequences used to demonstrate the parametrial invasion. We have carried out a retrospective study on 44 patients diagnosed with cervix neoplasia, using clinical exploration and performing a biopsy. the MRI studies have been carried out using a 1 Tesla magnet and the sequences used have been SE T1, Se proton density (PD) and T2 and dynamic GRE after administering gadolinium intravenously in the axial and sagital projections. The stages determined by MRI have been compared to the anatomopathological stages of the surgical specimens in cases where surgery was carried out and with the clinical stage in cases where no radical surgery was carried out. A diagnosis value of MRI has been determined to demonstrate the parametrial invasion, comparing the SE T2 sequence with the dynamic GE sequence with gadolinium. We calculate the volume of the tumour in the MRI studies to evaluate the difference of the volume between patients with tumoral stages that are clinically surgical and not surgical. MRI determines the invasion of the parametrium with a sensitivity of 88.8%, a specificity of 80% a positive value of 76.1%, a negative predictive value of 90.9% and a reliability of 83.7%. For the SE T2 sequences the sensitivity was 86.6%, the specifity 80%, the posistive predictive value 81.25%, the negative predictive value 85.7% and the reliability 83.3%. For the dynamic GE sequence with intravenous gadolinium the sensitivity was 86.6%, the specifity 86.6%, the posistive predictive value 86.6%, the negative predictive value 86.6% and the reliability 86.6%. The use of the dynamic GE sequence after the intravenous administration of

Stating of cervical carcinoma using magnetic resonance imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oleaga, L.; Vela, M. C.; Grande, J.; Cura del, J. L.; Grande, D.

1999-01-01

The infiltration of the parametrium represents one of the most important factors that determine the prediction and treatment of cervical carcinoma. Our objective is to evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the staging of cervical carcinomas, to establish the reliability of this technique and to carry out a comparative study of the sequences used to demonstrate the parametrial invasion. We have carried out a retrospective study on 44 patients diagnosed with cervix neoplasia, using clinical exploration and performing a biopsy. the MRI studies have been carried out using a 1 Tesla magnet and the sequences used have been SE T1, Se proton density (PD) and T2 and dynamic GRE after administering gadolinium intravenously in the axial and sagital projections. The stages determined by MRI have been compared to the anatomo-pathological stages of the surgical specimens in cases where surgery was carried out and with the clinical stage in cases where no radical surgery was carried out. A diagnosis value of MRI has been determined to demonstrate the parametrial invasion, comparing the SE T2 sequence with the dynamic GE sequence with gadolinium. We calculate the volume of the tumour in the MRI studies to evaluate the difference of the volume between patients with tumoral stages that are clinically surgical and not surgical. MRI determines the invasion of the parametrium with a sensitivity of 88.8%, a specificity of 80% a positive value of 76.1%, a negative predictive value of 90.9% and a reliability of 83.7%. For the SE T2 sequences the sensitivity was 86.6%, the specifity 80%, the posistive predictive value 81.25%, the negative predictive value 85.7% and the reliability 83.3%. For the dynamic GE sequence with intravenous gadolinium the sensitivity was 86.6%, the specificity 86.6%, the positive predictive value 86.6%, the negative predictive value 86.6% and the reliability 86.6%. The use of the dynamic GE sequence after the intravenous administration of

Preliminary Note on the Use of Radioisotopes to Study Some Cotton-Plant Pests in Africa; Note preliminaire sur l 'utilisation des radioisotopes dans l 'etude des parasites du cotonnier en afrique; Predvaritel'nye zamechaniya o primenenii radioizotopov dlya izucheniya nekotorykh vreditelej khlopchatnika v afrike.; Nota preliminar sobre el empleo de radioisotopos en el estudio de parasitos del algodonero en africa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Delattre, R. [Institut de Recherches du Coton et Textiles, Paris (France)

1963-09-15

el follaje de algodoneros jovenes. Hay orugas filofagas (Silepta derogata, Prodenia litura) que no retienen la radiactividad, pero las que se alimentan de organos fructiferos (Heliothis armigera, Earias insulana, Diparopsis watersi, etc.) se pueden detectar facilmente tres meses despues de la pulverizacion. En el segundo ensayo se aplicaron {sup 32}P y {sup 35}S a algodoneros viejos, inmediatamente antes de comenzar el periodo de diapausa natural de Diparopsis. Los resultados obtenidos hacen pensar que no sera muy dificil distinguir, entre las poblaciones de crisalidas recogidas del suelo, las que se han nutrido en el algodonero antes de ser marcado, es decir, las que habran sufrido una diapausa. (author) [Russian] Gusenitsa Diparopsis watersi (Roth) nanosit vred khlopchatniku, unichtozhaya tsvet i korobochku. Ehta,prakticheski,monofagovaya sovka provodit mezhsezonnyj period libo v zemle v vide kukolki v sostoyanii diapauzy, nachinaya s 10 noyabrya, libo v vide novykh (polivol'tinnykh) pokolenij na ne vykopannykh iz zemli rasteniyakh. Laboratornye issledovaniya pozvolili vyyasnit' osnovnye mekhanizmy vozniknoveniya i prekrashcheniya diapauzy. V prirode intensivnoe razmnozhenie pri razvedenii kul'tur proiskhodit u odnikh osobej s odnim pokoleniem v god, vyplansivayushchikhsya k aprelyu-mayu, u vtorykh - poyavlenie pokolenij bez diapauzy; otnositel'nuyu rol' ehtikh dvukh razlichnykh vetvej osobej sledovalo by tochno opredelit' dlya vybora metoda bor'by: vykorchevka khlopchatnika, unichtozhenie kukolok v sostoyanii diapauzy v zemle, sokrashchenie srokov sel'skokhozyajstvennoj kampanii i t.d. Mechenie radioizotopami gusenits, kotorye v kriticheskij period dostigayut zrelosti, dolzhno suzit' ehtu problemu v prakticheskom plane. V Tikeme (Respublike Chad) byli provedeny predvaritel'nye opyty dlya opredeleniya prostykh metodov mecheniya. V pervom opyte byl ispol'zovan P{sup 32} pri pryamom vodnom obryzgivanii listvy molodogo khlopchatnika. Nesmotrya na dozhd', pogloshchenie

Quantitative prediction of strong motion for a potential earthquake fault

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

B. CHOUET

1977-06-01

Full Text Available RIASSUNTO. - Questa nota descrive un nuovo metodo per calcolare le registrazioni
accelerografìehe per una data regione sismica in base alle leggi fisiche
usando le informazioni relative alla tettonica ed alle proprietà fisiche della faglia
sismica.
Il metodo si basa su di un nuovo modello sismico, chiamato « modello
b a r r i e r a » , caratterizzato da cinque parametri focali: lunghezza della faglia,
larghezza, scorrimento massimo, velocità di rottura ed intervallo di barriera.
I primi tre parametri possono essere vincolati dalla tettonica a placche, il
quarto parametro è approssimativamente una costante. Il parametro più importante,
che controlla l'accelerazione del terremoto, è l'ultimo, l'intervallo « barriera ».
Vi sono tre metodi per valutare 1' « intervallo barriera » per una data
regione sismica: 1 misurazione in superficie dello scorrimento attraverso fratture
di faglia; 2 creazione di un modello che si adatti all'osservazione di
campi vicini e lontani; 5 una legge che regoli i dati per i piccoli terremoti nella
regione.
Gli intervalli barriera sono stati valutati per una dozzina di terremoti e
per quattro regioni sismiche, per mezzo dei tre metodi suindicati. I risultati
preliminari ottenuti per la California suggeriscono che l'intervallo barriera
possa essere determinato quando sia dato il massimo scorrimento. La relazione
tra l'intervallo barriera ed il massimo scorrimento varia da una regione sismica
all'altra. Ad esempio, l'intervallo appare insolitamente lungo per Kilanea (Hawaii,
il che può spiegare perché traccia di forte scorrimento del terreno sia stata
osservata soltanto nell'area epicentrale del terremoto delle Isole Hawaii del 29
novembre 1975.

Medium-dose-rate brachytherapy of cancer of the cervix: preliminary results of a prospectively designed schedule based on the linear-quadratic model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leborgne, Felix; Fowler, Jack F.; Leborgne, Jose H.; Zubizarreta, Eduardo; Curochquin, Rene

1999-01-01

Purpose: To compare results and complications of our previous low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy schedule for early-stage cancer of the cervix, with a prospectively designed medium-dose-rate (MDR) schedule, based on the linear-quadratic model (LQ). Methods and Materials: A combination of brachytherapy, external beam pelvic and parametrial irradiation was used in 102 consecutive Stage Ib-IIb LDR treated patients (1986-1990) and 42 equally staged MDR treated patients (1994-1996). The planned MDR schedule consisted of three insertions on three treatment days with six 8-Gy brachytherapy fractions to Point A, two on each treatment day with an interfraction interval of 6 hours, plus 18 Gy external whole pelvic dose, and followed by additional parametrial irradiation. The calculated biologically effective dose (BED) for tumor was 90 Gy 10 and for rectum below 125 Gy 3 . Results: In practice the MDR brachytherapy schedule achieved a tumor BED of 86 Gy 10 and a rectal BED of 101 Gy 3 . The latter was better than originally planned due to a reduction from 85% to 77% in the percentage of the mean dose to the rectum in relation to Point A. The mean overall treatment time was 10 days shorter for MDR in comparison with LDR. The 3-year actuarial central control for LDR and MDR was 97% and 98% (p = NS), respectively. The Grades 2 and 3 late complications (scale 0 to 3) were 1% and 2.4%, respectively for LDR (3-year) and MDR (2-year). Conclusions: LQ is a reliable tool for designing new schedules with altered fractionation and dose rates. The MDR schedule has proven to be an equivalent treatment schedule compared with LDR, with an additional advantage of having a shorter overall treatment time. The mean rectal BED Gy 3 was lower than expected

Note sulla pianificazione territoriale e la tutela del paesaggio in Italia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paolo Ventura

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Il testo, basato sulla rielaborazione di un intervento al convegno Seminar COST 356 – EST, il 20.1. 2008, TOI, Oslo, si propone di contribuire al dialogo con la cultura politecnica, che richiede indicatori e parametri per la valutazione paesistica finalizzata alla misurazione dell’impatto di una nuova infrastruttura. Il tema è affrontato dal punto di vista del pianificatore sulla base della ricca e multiforme esperienza italiana. Sono rammentate alcune definizioni fondamentali di paesaggio, quale concetto olistico, flessibile e carico di ambiguità.  Il testo tenta una sintetica descrizione delle interrelazioni tra pianificazione paesistica, metodologie di classificazione e valutazione del paesaggio a diverse scale della pianificazione territoriale italiana nell’attualità.

Operating Experience with Indian Point Nuclear Electric Generating Station; Experience d'exploitation de la centrale nucleaire d'Indian point; Opyt ehkspluatatsii Indian-pojntskoj yadernoj ehlektrostantsii; Experiencia adquirida con la explotacion de la central nucleoelectrica de Indian point

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beattie, W. C.; Freyberg, R. H. [Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc., New York, NY (United States)

1963-10-15

'yu 275 tys. kvt. Toplivom v reaktore sluzhit smes' polnost'yu obogashchennoj okisi U{sup 235} i okisi Th{sup 232}. Stantsiya raspolozhena na reke Gudzon, primerno v 24 milyakh severnee N'yu-Jorka. V svyazi s takoj blizost'yu ot N'yu-Jorka v proekte stantsii byli predusmotreny dopolnitel'nye predokhranitel'nye ustrojstva dlya predotvrashcheniya otkloneniya reaktivnosti i radiatsionnykh ehffektov takogo otkloneniya. Stroitel'stvo zakoncheno v mae 1962 goda. Zagruzka topliva osushchestvlena v iyune, a 2 avgusta 1962 goda reaktor vpervye dostig kritichnosti. V techenie avgusta privodilis' ispytaniya ka maloj moshchnosti do 5 mgvt pri temperature okrukhaitsej sredy i povyshennoj temperature. 16 sentyabrya 1962 goda turbogenerator byl vpervye fazirovan s sistemoj Konsolidejtid Ehdison. Ispytanie reaktora na moshchnostyakh do 50% provodilos' do noyabrya i preryvalos' chastymi avtomaticheskimiostanovkami, bol'shaya chast' kotorykh byla vyzvana nepoladkami v neyadernoj chasti stantsii. Nepoladki v sisteme upravleniya privodov reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej byli samymi ser'eznymi pomekhami so storony yadernoj chasti stantsii dlya raboty s avtomaticheskim vvedeniem reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej i prichinoj zaderzhek s puskom reaktora posle avtomaticheskikh ostanovok. 14 noyabrya 1962 goda stantsiya byla ostanovlena dlya planovoj zameny truboprovodov v neyadernoj chasti stantsii i modifikatsij i dopolneniya sistemy provodov reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej. Poslednee vklyuchalo ustanovku sistemy ochistki sukhogo azota dlya kozhukhov privodov reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej, prednaznachennykh dlya svedeniya k minimumu ehffektov vody, prosachivayushchejsya cherez uplotneniya v kozhukhi reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej. Okazalos', chto ehto yavlyaetsya osnovnoj prichinoj nepravil'nykh pokazanij sistemy upravleniya reaktorom. Blok byl vnov' pushchen 1 yanvarya 1963 goda. Ispytanie reaktora na moshchnostyakh do 100% v usloviyakh stabil'noj nagruzki bylo zakoncheno 27 yanvarya 1963 goda. Rezul

Ultra-high-speed oscillographic techniques; Techniques d'oscillographie ultra-rapide; Metody sverkhskorostnoj ostsillografii; Metodos oscilograficos ultrarrapidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abercrombie, S; Elphick, B; Foster, H [Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston (United Kingdom)

1962-04-15

i, v chastnosti, lamp s otrazheniem begushchej volny. Opisyvayutsya sleduyushchie sostavnye chasti polnogo ostsillografa dlya izucheniya perekhodyashchikh signalov: a) Katodnaya ehlektronnaya lampa s otrazhatelem begushchej volny i s uravnoveshennoj koaksial'noj svyaz'yu pri shirine polosy chastot v 2 kmgts. b) Fazorasshchepitel'nyj preobrazovatel' s kharakternym polnym soprotivleniem v 100 i 50 omov i shirinoj polosy chastot ot 1,5 kgts do 1,5 kmgts. v) Koaksial'nye konechnye soprotivleniya, rabotayushchie na kmgts. g) Emkosti svyazi, kompensirovannye dlya vklyucheniya v koaksial'nye linii s diapazonom chastot ot 5 kgts do 3 kmgts, s kharakternymi polnymi soprotivleniyami v 100 omov. d) SHirokopolosnye pogloshchayushchie oslabiteli dlya otbora puskovykh signalov nachala otscheta vremeni. e) Nanosekundnye osnovy vremeni s ustrojstvom dlya puska v khod i preryvaniya impul'sov. zh) Opisyvaetsya kamera s shirokoj aperturoj. V zaklyuchenie opisyvaetsya primenenie ehtikh metodov v yadernoj ehlektronike. (author)

Theory of isotope scanning; Theorie de l'Exploration par les Radioisotopes; Teoriya meditsinskikh issledovanij s primeneniem izotopov; Teoria de la exploracion mediante radioisotopos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brownell, G L [Physics Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (United States)

1959-07-01

aspecto del empleo de los radioisotopos en la medicina. El autor compara los esquemas de sensibilidad de diversos sistemas de colimacion y calcula su eficacia y su poder de resolucion. Los sistemas de coliminacion de que se trata se componen de orificios cilindricos y cenicos, de colimadores de enfoque y de dispositivos que permitan detectar por coincidencia las radiaciones de aniquilacion. Formula una teoria general con miras a establecer la concentracion optima de isotopos para cada uno de los sistemas. El autor enuncia una teoria analoga con respecto a la camara de centelleo, y compara la concentracion optima de isotopos para este dispositivo en relacion con los resultados logrados con ayuda de los distintos metodos de exploracion. Estudia tambien la posibilidad de modificar el principio de la camara a fin de utilizarla en la deteccion de las radiaciones de aniquilacion. Para terminar, compara diversos sistemas de registre desde el punto de vista de su eficacia y de la presentacion de los datos. (author) [Russian] Vozmozhnost' tochno ustanovit' raspredelenie izotopov yavlyaetsya vazhnym aspektom ispol'zovaniya ikh v meditsine. Sravnivaetsya stepen' chuvstvitel'nosti razlichnykh sistem kollimirovaniya, ustanavlivaetsya ikh ehffektivnost' i razreshayushchaya sposobnost'. Rassmatrivaemye kollimiruyushchie sistemy sostoyat iz tsilindricheskikh i konusnykh otverstij, fokusiruyushchikh kollimatorov i prispo-soblenij dlya obnaruzheniya annigilyatsionnogo izlucheniya metodom sovpadenij. Vyrabatyvaetsya obshchaya teoriya s tsel'yu ustanovit' optimal'nuyu kontsentratsiyu izotopov dlya kazhdoj iz ehtikh sistem. Podobnaya zhe teoriya razrabatyvaetsya i dlya stsintillyatsionnoj kamery; pro voditsya sravnenie optimal'noj kontsentratsii izotopov ehtogo pribora v svyazi s primenyaemymi metodami issledovaniya. Obsuzhdaetsya vopros ob izmenenii printsipa dejstviya kamery v tselyakh ispol'zovaniya ee pri nalichii annigilya-tsionnogo izlucheniya. Sravnivayutsya razlichnye sistemy

Extensions of the techniques for the accelerated unspecific isotopic labelling of organic compounds; Applications nouvelles des techniques accelererees du marquage non specifique de composes organiques; Rasprostranenie metodov uskoreniya mecheniya nespetsifichnymi izotopami organicheskikh slozhnykh soedinenij; Nuevas aplicaciones de las tecnicas de marcacion inespecifica acelerada de compuestos organicos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ghanem, N A [National Research Centre, El-Dokki, Cairo (Egypt); Westermark, T [Division of Physical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 70 (Sweden)

1962-03-15

marcar, y citar ejemplos en los que este procedimiento se ha empleado con exito. Las diversas tecnicas se basan en el uso de descargas de microondas y de ondas hertzianas, descargas luminiscentes producidas por corriente continua, o alterna, o sencillamente rayos ultravioleta. Se han obtenido cantidades considerables de productos purificados con actividades superiores a 100 mcuries/g. Los tiempos de exposicion a las descargas son del orden de un minuto, y en la mayoria de los casos se observo poca descomposicion. Los autores calcularon el rendimiento energetico alcanzado en estos metodos de marcacion y lo comparan con el correspondiente a las radiaciones ionizantes empleadas por Wilzbach y otros investigadores; tambien dan los valores de G para la sustitucion isotopica. Existen pruebas de que la marcacion del poliestireno se produce en virtud de una reaccion atomo-molecula. (author) [Russian] Tsel'yu nastoyashchego doklada yavlyaetsya rassmotrenie novykh sposobov uskoreniya reaktsii mezhdu radioaktivnym gazom i materialom misheni, podlezhashchim mecheniyu, a takzhe privedenie primerov uspeshnykh sluchaev. Ehti metody vklyuchayut ispol'zovanie razryadov mikrovoln i radiovoln, tleyushchikh razryadov pod vozdejstviem istochnikov postoyannogo ili peremennogo tokov, ili prosto radiatsii ul'trafioletovykh luchej. Byla dostignuta udel'naya aktivnost', dokhodyashchaya do 100 mikrokyuri na gramm, v znachitel'nykh kolichestvakh ochishchennogo produkta. Vremya vozdejstviya razryada bylo poryadka odnoj minuty, i vo mnogikh sluchayakh razlozhenie bylo chrezvychajno ogranichennym. Dayutsya podschety ehffektivnosti ispol'zovaniya ehnergii dlya proizvodstva mecheniya ehtimi metodami po sravneniyu s zatratoj dlya toj zhe tseli ehnergii ioniziruyushchego izlucheniya, ispol'zuemoj Vil'tsbakhom i dr. ; krome togo, ukazyvayutsya znacheniya radiatsionnokhimicheskogo vykhoda G dlya zameny izotopov. Est' ukazaniya na to, chto pri mechenii polistirola mekhanizm opredelyaetsya reaktsiej atom

Low-intensive proton generators for radiation testing; Nizkointensivnyj protonnyj generator dlya radiatsionnykh ispytanij

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Istomin, I V; Gurbich, A F; Semenov, A V

1994-12-31

Experiment is conducted and calculations are performed grounding the possibility of creating a low-intensity proton generator based on nuclear reaction. The necessity in such a proton source is defined by the need of conducting long-term testings and by the absence of appropriate equipment.

Device for high-temperature X-ray diffraction analysis. Ustrojstvo dlya vysokotemperaturnogo rentgenostrukturnogo analiza

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Epifanov, V G; Zavilinskij, A V; Pet' kov, V V; Polenur, A V

1975-01-07

Device for high-temperature X-ray diffraction analysis, containing a vacuum chamber with a window for X-ray transit, in which sample- and standard-holders, heater, thermal shields and means for standard and sample temperature measurement are located, is proposed. In order to increase the working temperature level and the structural change detection accuracy the heater is located between the sample- and standard-holders. The standard-holder is linked with the mechanism of control of its position in relation to the heater. The device is intended for investigating phase transformations by differential thermal analysis method with the simultaneous diffraction pattern detection using X-ray diffractometry method.

VLIV KONFIGURACE ETCS NA VZDÁLENOST MEZI MÍSTEM ZASTAVENÍ VLAKU A KONCEM VLAKOVÉ CESTY

OpenAIRE

Nachtigall, Petr

2016-01-01

Článek navazuje na předchozí publikační činnost a zaměřuje se na parametry nastavení ETCS ve vztahu ke vzdálenosti mezi čelem vlaku a polohou hlavního návěstidla. Byl proveden terénní průzkum a na jeho základě byla stanovena doporučení pro zkrácení této vzdálenosti.. The paper follows on previous author’s paper about ETCS and capacity. The focus is on parameters of ETCS and the distance between the head of the train and the position of the main signal. On the basis of the field survey some...

Imaging of cervical carcinomas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Soyer, P.; Michel, G.; Masselot, J.

1990-01-01

Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transrectal or transvaginal ultrasound (TRUS, TVUS) had an important place in imaging techniques of cervical carcinomas and raise the question of modifying the imaging strategies. For the diagnosis of primitive tumor, those techniques cannot take the place of clinical examination and gross examination. In the assessment of parametrial involvement, TRUS which has better accuracy than clinical examination, and MRI which is considered as the most accurate technique, have an important role to play. In the follow-up and the detection of recurrences, MRI is actually considered as the best imaging technique. The authors, according to recent data in literature and their own experience, present basic concepts of imaging strategies for staging and follow-up of cervical carcinomas [fr

Basic principles of scintillation counting; Principes de Base du Comptage par Scintillations; Osnovnye printsipy stsintillyatsij; Principios fundamentales del recuento con aparatos de centelleo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johns, H E; Cederlund, J F [Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto (Canada)

1959-07-01

raspredelenie impul'sov, proizvodimykh monoehnergeticheskoj radiatsiej. EHti voprosy budut zvzzany s primeneniem v issledovaniyakh metoda stsintillyatsij. Dalee budet rassmatrivat's ya vliyanie na rabotu fotoumnozhitelej i tak nazyvaemye . Kromo togo, budet obsuzhdat'sya primenenie lyuminestsentnykh peredatochnykh trubok dlya schetnykh operatsij i predstavleno poleznoe ustrojstvo vychitaniya dlya sravneniya skorosti raboty dvukh otdel'nykh stsintillyatsionnykh schetchikov. (author)

Development of Non-Metallic Fuel Elements for a High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor; Mise au point d'elements combustibles non metalliques pour un reacteur a haute temperature, refroidi par un gaz; Razrabotka nemetallicheskikh teplovydelyashchikh ehlementov dlya vysokotemperaturnogo reaktora s gazovym okhlazhdeniem; Elementos combustibles no metalicos para un reactor de temperatura elevada refrigerado por gas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liebmann, B.; Schafer, L.; Spener, G. [NUKEM, Nuklear-Chemie und -Metallurgie G.m.b.H., Wolfgang bei Hanau, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

1963-11-15

destinados al reactor de alta temperatura refrigerado por gas de la Brown-Boveri/Krupp Reaktorbau GmbH, se investigaron y desarrollaron dos conceptos de elemento combustible. El elemento consiste en ambos casos en una esfera de grafito de 6 cm de diametro que encierra una pastilla cilindrica de combustible de unos 20 mm de diametro y 16 mm de altura. La diferencia entre ambos conceptos estriba en el tipo de combustible y en la forma de preparar las esferas de grafito. En el primero, el combustible se prepara mezclando U{sub 3}O{sub 8} y grafito, prensando esta mezcla en pastillas y haciendo que ambos componentes reaccionen en un horno al vacio a 1800{sup o}C. La razon atomica U : C es 1:45. Como este tipo de pastilla combustible no retiene cuantitativamente los productos de fision, fue necesario impregnar la esfera de grafito para hacerla impermeable y mejorar su poder de retencion. De este modo, se lograron permeabilidades del orden de 10{sup -6}cm{sup 2}/s . Con arreglo al segundo concepto, el combustible consiste en una solucion solida de UC en ZrC recubierta de una capa de ZrC. La razon molar UC : ZrC asciende a 1 : 20. La pastilla combustible se preparo del modo siguiente: se mezclaron UO{sub 2}, ZrO{sub 2} y grafito y se prensaron en pastillas que se hicieron reaccionar para obtener los carburos, que a su vez se trituraron en un molino de bolas, para volver a prensarse a 2000{sup o}C. De este modo, se alcanzaron densidades superiores al 95% del valor teorico. La memoria describe en detalle la preparacion y algunas de las propiedades fisicas de las pastillas combustibles. Se espera que este tipo de combustible retenga suficientemente los gases de fision y permita el empleo de esferas de grafito no impregnadas. La memoria examina tambien otras ventajas de esos combustibles. [Russian] V svyazi s rabotami po sovershenstvovaniyu seplovydelyayushchikh ehlementov dlya vysokotemperaturnogo reaktora s gazovym okhlazhdeniem ''Obshchestvom stroitel'stva reaktorov Braun- Boveri

IMPACTUL REMEDIULUI BioR ASUPRA UNOR PARAMETRI AI SISTEMULUI PROOXIDANT (OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT LA PREPELIŢELE ADULTE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana MACARI

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Problema stimulării productivităţii în avicultură, pentru asigurarea consumatorilor cu alimente de înaltă calitate, devine din ce în ce mai stringentă la nivel mondial. Studiul a avut drept scop evaluarea efectelor remediului BioR asupra indicilor marker ai peroxidării lipidelor (PLO şi ai sistemului antioxidant (SAO la prepeliţele adulte crescute în condiţii fiziologice de producţie. Studiul a fost realizat pe 5 loturi de prepeliţe. Remediul BioR a fost administrat de două ori: la începutul studiului şi la 7-10 zile după prima administrare, în doze diferite. S-a constatat că administrarea remediului BioR determină îmbunătăţirea indicilor sistemului PLO - SAO şi activitatea majorităţii indicilor evaluaţi depinde direct sau indirect de doza utilizată, momente ce trebuie să fie luate în considerare atunci când se alege doza optimă a remediului.THE IMPACT OF THE BioR REMEDY ON THE PARAMETERS OF THE PRO-OXIDANT (OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN ADULT QUAILSThe problem of aviculture productivity stimulation in order to ensure consumers with high quality food is becoming increasingly stringent worldwide. The study aimed to assess the effects of the BioR remedy on the marker indices of lipid peroxidation (LPO and antioxidant system (AOS in adult quails bred under physiological production conditions. The research was conducted on 5 lots of quails. The BioR remedy was administered twice: at the beginning of the study, and at the 7-10th day after the first administration, in different doses. It was found that the BioR remedy administration leads to the improvement of POL-SAO system indices, and the level or activity of the most evaluated indices depended directly or indirectly on the used dose, which must be taken into account when selecting the optimal dose of the remedy.

A Cold Neutron Monochromator and Scattering Apparatus; Monochromateur et appareillage pour la diffusion de neutrons lents; Monokhromator dlya ''kholodnykh'' nejtronov i pribor dlya rasseyaniya; Monocromador y aparato de dispersion para neutrones frios

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harris, D; Cocking, S J; Egelstaff, P A; Webb, F J [Nuclear Physics Division, Aere, Harwell, Didcot, Berks (United Kingdom)

1963-01-15

A narrow band of neutron wavelengths (4 A and greater) is selected from a collimated neutron beam obtained from the Dido reactor at Harwell. These neutrqps are scattered by various samples and the energy transfer of the scattered neutrons measured using time-of-flight techniques. The neutrons, moderated by a liquid hydrogen source in the reactor pass through first a liquid nitrogen- cooled filter, then a single crystal of bismuth and finally they are ''chopped'' by a magnesium-cadmium high- speed curved slot rotor. In this apparatus the wavelength spread of 0. 3 A at 4 . 1 A is determined primarily by the Be-Bi filter, while the time spread (8 {mu}s) is determined by the rotor. The monochromated neutron bursts from this rotor are scattered by a sample and detected in one of two counter arrays. When studying liquid or polycrystalline samples an array of six BF{sub 3}, counter assemblies (each 2 inches x 24 inches in area)are used covering scatter angles from 20{sup o} to 90{sup o}. This array is placed below the neutron beam. Above the line of the neutron beam is a second array consisting of three scintillators 2 inches in diameter, which is used for the study of single crystal samples. The output of each counter is fed into a tape recording system which has 500 time channels available for each counter. This apparatus has been used to study neutron scattering from several gaseous, liquid and crystalline samples and the most recent measurements are presented in other papers in these proceedings. [French] Les auteurs extraient une bande etroite de neutrons ( 4 A et plus) d'un faisceau collimate de neutrons produits par le reacteur Dido de Harwell. On fait diffuser ces neutrons au moyen de divers echantillons et on mesure le transfert d'energie des neutrons diffuses par la methode du temps de vol. Les neutrons ralentis par de l'hydrogene liquide place dans le reacteur passent d'abord dans un filtre refroidi a l'azote liquide, puis dans un monocristal de bismuth. Finalement, un rotor a rainures courbes en magnesium et cadmium, ayant une vitesse de rotation elevee, les laisse passer par bouffees. Dans cet appareil, le filtre Be-Bi sert a determiner la dispersion de la longueur d'onde (comprise entre 0,3 A et 4,1 A) et le rotor, la dispersion en fonction du temps (8 {mu}s). Les bouffees de neutrons monochromatiques provenant du rotor sont diffusees par un echantillon et detectees dans l'une de deux series de compteurs. Lorsqu'on etudie des echantillons liquides ou polycristallins, on emploie une serie de compteurs BF{sub 3} (dimensions: 2 x 2 4 pouces) couvrant des angles de diffusion variant de 20{sup o} a 90{sup o}. Cette serie est placee en-dessous du faisceau de neutrons. Au-dessus de l'axe du faisceau neutronique se trouve la deuxieme serie comprenant trois scintillateurs (diametre 2 pouces) pour etudier des echantillons de monocristaux. Chaque compteur agit sur un systeme d'enregistrement a bande magnetique qui comporte 500 canaux utilisables pour chacun des compteurs. Les auteurs se sont servis de cet appareil pour etudier la diffusion des neutrons dans plusieurs echantillons gazeux, liquides et cristallins. Dans d'autres memoires presentes au Colloque ils donnent les resultats des dernieres mesures faites. (author) [Spanish] De un haz colimado de neutrones, emitido por el reactor Dido de Harwell, se selecciona una estrecha banda de longitudes de onda neutronicas (4 A y mayores). Estos neutrones son dispersados por varias muestras y la energia por ellos cedida se mide segun el metodo del tiempo de vuelo. Los neutrones, moderados por una fuente de hidrogeno liquido situada en el reactor, atraviesan primero un filtro refrigerado por nitrogeno liquido, seguidamente un monocristal de bismuto, siendo, por ultimo ''interceptados'' por un rotor de ranura curva, de magnesio-cadmio animado de gran velocidad. En este aparato el ensanchamiento de longitud de onda (0, 3A a 4,1 A) queda principalmente determinado por el filtro de Be-Bi, y el de tiempo (8 {mu}s), por el rotor. Las rafagas de neutrales monocromaticos provenientes del rotor son dispersadas por una muestra y detectadas en uno de dos dispositivos de recuento. Cuando se estudian muestras liquidas o policristalinas, se utiliza un dispositivo de seis contadores (de BF{sub 3} de superficie unitaria) de 2 pulgadas por 24 pulgadas para angulos, de dispersion comprendidos entre 20{sup o} y 90{sup o}. Este dispositivo se coloca debajo del haz neutronico. Por encima del eje del haz, se instala otro dispositivo integrado por tres centelleadores de 2 pulgadas de diametro, que se utiliza para estudiar muestras monocristalinas. Las senales emitidas por cada contador se transmiten a un grabador de cinta que dispone de 500 canales de tiempo para cada contador. El aparato se ha utilizado para estudiar la dispersion de neutrones por varias muestras gaseosas, liquidas y cristalinas. Las mediciones masrecientesse exponen en otras memorias presentadas al Simposio. (author)

Post-Construction Testing of the Elk River, Hallam and Piqua Power Reactor Plants; Essais apres construction des centrales nucleaires d'Elk River, de Hallam et de Piqua; Predehkspluatatsionnoe ispytanie Ehlk-riverskoj, Khehlpemskoj i Pikuaskoj ehnergeticheskikh reaktornykh ustanovok; Ensayos posteriores a la construccion de las centrales nucleoelectricas de Elk River, Hallam y Piqua

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pursel, C. A. [United States Atomic Energy Commission, Argonne, IL (United States)

1963-10-15

mezhdu okonchaniem stroitel'stva (sooruzhenie ehdakij i ustanovka oborudovaniya) i nachalom ehkspluatatsii na moshchnosti (proizvodstvo znachitel'nogo kolichestva ehlektricheskoj ehnergii netto). Ispytaniya presledovali sleduyushchie tseli: 1) proverit' rabochie kharakteristiki ustanovlennogo oborudovaniya; 2) opredelit' nachal'nuyu kritichnost' i koehffitsient reaktivnosti i 3) opredelit' fizicheskie kharakteristiki reaktora i rabochie kharakteristiki ustanovki po mere uvelicheniya moshchnosti. Nakoplennyj opyt mokhet byt' izlozhen v shesti otdel'nykh, no vzaimosvyazannykh razdelakh: 11 programma; 2) stoimost'; 3) potrebnosti v kadrakh; 4) tekhnologiya provedeniya ispytanij; 5) rabota oborudovaniya (vklyuchaya nepoladki) i 6) fakticheskie (po sravneniyu s raschetnymi) kharakteristiki raboty sistemy. Srednyaya proektnaya chislennost' personala, vklyuchaya rabochikh, operatorov, dozimetristov, vspomogatel'nyj tekhnicheskij personal i stazherov, sostavlyaet: dlya ERR - 50, dlya HNPF - 115 i dlya PNPF - 60 chelovek. Podrobnaya tekhnologiya predehkspluatatsionnykh ispytanij v pis'mennom vide byla podgotovlenv dlya kazhdogo vazhnogo komponenta i kazhdoj sistemy ustanovki. Naskol'ko ehto bylo vozmozhno, vse ispytaniya byli provedeny do zagruzki topliva i nachala ehkspluatatsii vsej ustanovki. Oformlenie razreshenij na ehkpluatatsiyu ustanovok (dublikaty litsenzij na neprinadlezhashchie KAEH SSHA ustanovki) zanyalo pochti vse vremya provedeniya predehkspluatatsionnykh ispytanij. Vremya, potrebovavsheesya dlya provedeniya predehkspluatatsionnykh ispytanij kazhdoj iz ehtikh ustanovok, znachitel'no prevysilo pervonachal'no namechennoe vremya. Ispytaniya vskryli ryad yavnykh i predpolagaemykh neispravnostej komponentov, v rezul'tate chego potrebovalos' provesti dopolnitel'nye ispytaniya i analizy. V ryade sluchaev dlya ispravleniya oshibok, dopushchennykh pri izgotovlenii ili konstruirovanii oborudovaniya, komponenty prishlos' remontirovat' ili vidoizmenyat'. Osnovnymi nepoladkami

Polimorfismi nei geni metabolici come fattori dirischio per il carcinoma gastrico (GC: risultati preliminari di uno studio caso-controllo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Boccia

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

Obiettivi: valutare le frequenze dei principali geni metabolici in un campione di casi di GC (Carcinoma Gastrico e di controlli, per determinare se esiste un’associazione con il rischio di GC, e considerare le possibili associazioni tra i genotipi studiati ed alcuni parametri clinico-patologici.

Metodi: è stato condotto uno studio caso-controllo ospedaliero, tra novembre 1999 e maggio 2003 reclutando 48 pazienti con diagnosi di adenocarcinoma gastrico sottoposti a gastrectomia, e 48 controlli appaiati per sesso ed età presso il Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” in Roma. Per genotipizzare gli individui rispetto ai geni GSTM1, NAT2, SULT1A1, CYP1A1, CYP2E1 (5’ flanking e introne 6, è stata usata la tecnica della PCR con analisi del profilo dei frammenti di restrizione (PCR-RFLP. L’analisi statistica ha previsto l’impiego di test non parametrici e della regressione logistica.

Risultati: le frequenze dei polimorfismi nei geni metabolici sono risultate in alcuni casi differenti nei casi rispetto ai controlli sebbene non si evidenzi una differenza statisticamente significativa. In particolare il genotipo GSMT1 null è più elevato nei pazienti rispetto ai controlli (63.8% vs. 51% e gli individui NAT2 acetilatori lenti risultano più frequenti nei casi rispetto ai controlli (69.6% vs. 57.45%. L’istotipo diffuso di GC è associato significativamente ai pazienti eterozigoti per l’allele SULT1A1 (c_= 8.216; p= 0.018, ed i pazienti NAT2 acetilatori lenti tendono ad avere un grading tumorale alto (c_= 7.425; p= 0.006.

Conclusioni: i risultati preliminari di questo studio evidenziano associazioni tra alcuni genotipi metabolici e parametri clinico-patologici, che se confermati potrebbero permettere di identificare sottogruppi con prognosi più sfavorevole di GC da indirizzare preventivamente verso trattamenti specifici.

Comparison of Computed Tomography– and Magnetic Resonance Imaging–based Clinical Target Volume Contours at Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Swanick, Cameron W. [Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Castle, Katherine O. [Southeast Louisiana Radiation Oncology Group, Baton Rouge, Louisiana (United States); Vedam, Sastry [Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Munsell, Mark F. [Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Turner, Lehendrick M. [Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Rauch, Gaiane M. [Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Jhingran, Anuja; Eifel, Patricia J. [Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Klopp, Ann H., E-mail: aklopp@mdanderson.org [Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)

2016-11-15

Purpose: We prospectively compared computed tomography (CT)– and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) contours at the time of brachytherapy for cervical cancer in an effort to identify patients who might benefit most from MRI-based planning. Methods and Materials: Thirty-seven patients who had undergone a pretreatment diagnostic MRI scan were included in the analysis. We delineated the HR-CTV on the brachytherapy CT and brachytherapy MRI scans independently for each patient. We then calculated the absolute volumes for each HR-CTV and the Dice coefficient of similarity (DC, a measure of spatial agreement) for the HR-CTV contours. We identified the clinical and tumor factors associated with (1) a discrepancy in volume between the CT HR-CTV and MRI HR-CTV contours; and (2) DC. The mean values were compared using 1-way analysis of variance or paired or unpaired t tests, as appropriate. Simple and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to model the effects of covariates on the outcomes. Results: Patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB to IVA cervical cancer were treated with intracavitary brachytherapy using tandem and ovoid (n=33) or tandem and cylinder (n=4) applicators. The mean CT HR-CTV volume (44.1 cm{sup 3}) was larger than the mean MRI HR-CTV volume (35.1 cm{sup 3}; P<.0001, paired t test). On multivariable analysis, a higher body mass index (BMI) and tumor size ≥5 cm with parametrial invasion on the MRI scan at diagnosis were associated with an increased discrepancy in volume between the HR-CTV contours (P<.02 for both). In addition, the spatial agreement (as measured by DC) between the HR-CTV contours decreased with an increasing BMI (P=.013). Conclusions: We recommend MRI-based brachytherapy planning for patients with tumors >5 cm and parametrial invasion on MRI at diagnosis and for those with a high BMI.

Escherichia coli. A sanitary methodology for faecal water pollution tests; Escherichia coli nelle acque. Significato sanitario e metodologie di analisi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonadonna, L. [Istituto Superiore di Sanita' , Rome (Italy)

2001-02-01

Among the traditional indictors of faecal water pollution, Escherichia coli has shown to fit better with the definition of indicator organism. Till now its recovery has been time-consuming and needs confirmation tests. In this report more rapid and direct methods, based on enzymatic reactions, are presented. [Italian] Per talune peculiari caratteristiche, Escherichia coli sembra meglio soddisfare i requisiti insiti nella definizione di organismo indicatore, rispetto ai tradizionali indicatori di contaminazione fecale dell'acqua. Finora, i substrati disponibili per il suo rilevamento necessitano tutti di almeno una prova di conferma. Di qui l'esigenza di indicare metodi di rilevamento a riposta piu' rapida, anche in relazione all'inserimento, nelle piu' recenti normative nazionali ed europee, del microrganismo tra i parametri microbiologici da ricercare.

Prognosis of patients with stage IIIb-IVa squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix following intra-arterial neoadjuvant chemotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujiwaki, R.; Maede, Y.; Ohnishi, Y.; Watanabe, Y.; Hata, K.; Miyazaki, K.

1999-01-01

The aim was to determine the long-term prognosis in patients with stage IIIb-IVa squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix who were treated with intra-arterial neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and to analyze factors related to prognostic value. The authors assessed the disease-free survival of 21 patients with FIGO stage IIIb-IVa squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix treated with intra-arterial NAC followed by irradiation therapy. Before chemotherapy, five factors (age, clinical stage, histologic type, parametrial involvement and serum level of SCC) were evaluated for their correlation with disease-free survival. Univariate Cox's proportional hazard model also demonstrated that age was a significant prognostic factor as a continuous variable. Intra-arterial NAC thus appeared to be effective in treating older patients with stage IIIb-IVa squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix

Sušárny uzenin

OpenAIRE

Čermák, Lubomír

2008-01-01

Tato práce je věnována základním požadavkům technologie sušení a zrání masných výrobků ve zracích komorách. Bude zmíněno základní rozdělení salámů a z toho plynoucí parametry pro zrací komory a jak ovlivňuje hygiena a sanitace celkovou produktivitu. Podrobně bude popsána technologie sušení. Stručně bude popsána fermentace a zrání jako takové. The thesis deals with essential requirements to dry and cure meat products using drying chambers. It covers the basic salami classification, the rele...

[Multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cancer of the cervix uteri].

Science.gov (United States)

Tarachkova, E V; Strel'tsova, O N; Panov, V O; Bazaeva, I Ya; Tyurin, I E

2015-01-01

Cancer of the cervix uteri (CCU) ranks third in the incidence of malignancies in women. The choice of CCU treatment mainly depends on the extent of the tumor process, i.e., the stage of the disease. Determining the stage of CCU is based on the clinical classification of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) (2009) and has a number of substantial limitations in evaluating parametrial invasion, tumor spread to the pelvic wall, and involvement of regional lymph nodes and in determining the true tumor sizes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now the method of choice in staging invasive CCU. Multiparameter MRI will be able to enhance the efficiency of diagnosing microinvasive CCU as well (FIGO 2009), to plan surgical and/or chemoradiation treatment, to evaluate its efficiency, and to diagnose locally recurrent CCU.

Malignant mixed mullerian tumor arising from the uterine cervix: A case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shim, Jong Joon; Shim, Jae Chan; Lee, Kyoung Eun; Lee, Ghi Jai; Kim, Ho Kyun; Suh, Jung Ho; Lee, Hye Kyung

2012-01-01

Malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMMTs) are a rare uterine tumor and contribute to approximately 1-3% of all corpus malignant tumors. MMMTs are usually in the uterine corpus, but can also arise from the uterine cervix, vagina, ovaries and fallofian tubes. MMMTs of the uterine cervix are extremely rare. MMMTs are highly malignant and tend to maintain a rapid growth and exhibit a high rate of recurrence. Therefore, the prognosis of patients diagnosed with these types of tumors is extremely poor. We report a rare case of a malignant mixed mullerian tumor arising from the uterine cervix and introduce CT and MRI findings. CT and magnetic resonance findings of the uterine cervical MMMT in our case show highly aggressive features, such as parametrial involvement, pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenopathy, and distant metastasis and high enhancement

The radiation age of meteorites; L'age des meteorites; Opredelenie vozrasta meteoritov s pomoshch'yu radiatsii; Edad de los meteoritos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goebel, K; Schmidlin, P [European Organisation for Nuclear Research, Geneva (Switzerland)

1962-01-15

) [Russian] Radioizotopy, voznikayushchie v rezul'tate kosmicheskoj radiatsii v meteoritakh vo vremya ikh dvizheniya v kosmose, mogut byt' ispol'zovany dlya togo, chtoby prosledit' istoriyu ehtikh tel. Radioizotopy i akkumulirovannye dochernie ehlementy v meteorite dolzhny byt' opredeleny dlya vyrazheniya vremeni, v techenie kotorogo meteorit podvergalsya kosmicheskoj radiatsii. (Dlya vychisleniya neobkhodimo dopustit', chto potok radiatsii yavlyaetsya postoyannym v techenie vsego vremeni). Dlya izmereniya obyknovenno ispol'zuyutsya izotopy gazov, poskol'ku oni mogut byt' legko otdeleny ot samogo meteorita. V dannom issledovanii ispol'zovany, glavnym obrazom, tritij i argon. Po koehffitsientu radiatsii H3{sup /}He{sup 3} opredelyalsya vozrast meteorita ot neskol'kikh millionov let do neskol'kikh soten let. Poslednie izmereniya v TSERNe v printsipe soglasuyutsya s rezul'tatami drugikh issledovanij. V rabote obsuzhdayutsya voprosy vozmozhnykh otklonenij vvidu diffuzionnykh poter' gaza i vliyaniya ehkranirovki v atmosfernom meteorite. Velichina potoka kosmicheskikh luchej vo vneshnem prostranstve mozhet byt' opredelena, esli prinyat' vo vnimanie zamerennoe poperechnoe sechenie produktov tritiya v ehlementakh, kotorye obrazuyut meteorit. (author)

Behaviour of semiconductor nuclear-particle detectors; Comportement des semi-conducteurs comme detecteurs de particules nucleaires; Povedenie detektorov yadernykh chastits na poluprovodnikakh; Propiedades de los detectores de particulas nucleares a base de semiconductores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walter, F J; Dabbs, J W.T.; Roberts, L D [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1962-04-15

asegurar una coleccion completa, el campo minimo necesario (en la superficie) para los fragmentos de fision seria de mas de 3 {center_dot} 10{sup 4} V/cm, frente a 2 {center_dot} 10{sup 3} V/cm para las particulas alfa en el Ge y el Si. Un estudio detallado del tiempo de elevacion del impulso en el amplificador ha puesto en claro que tanto el tiempo de relajacion como la resistencia correspondiente al material de base no purificado pueden desempenar un papel muy importante en los materiales de elevada resistividad. La memoria presenta una descripcion cuantitativa del efecto de los parametros del detector y del amplificador sobre la forma y el tiempo de elevacion de los impulsos. Se discuten las ventajas y los problemas que presenta la utilizacion de detectores de barrera superficial en varios experimentos muy especiales de alineacion nuclear realizados a baja temperatura, entre otros, referentes a las distribuciones angulares de fragmentos de fision y a la resolucion de la estructura alfa fina con estabilidad a largo plazo. Tambien se describen tecnicas de fabricacion basadas en coeficientes de dilatacion equiparados, que han permitido obtener detectores con areas activas de hasta 8 cm{sup 2}. (author) [Russian] Byli provedeny ehksperimental'nye i teoreticheskie issledovaniya povedeniya detektorov yadernykh chastits na poluprovodnikakh pri temperaturakh ot 0,2{sup o}K do 300{sup o}K. V doklade privoditsya prostaya teoreticheskaya model' povedeniya detektora, kotoraya, kak bylo ustanovleno, otrazhaet nablyudaemoe povedenie pri bol'shoj amplitude parametrov. V doklade obsuzhdaetsya vazhnost' chistoty poluprovodnikov i smeshcheniya napryazheniya v svyazi s amplitudoj impul'sa, vremenem narastaniya impul'sa i zonoj detektsii. EHmpiricheski issledovaniya shuma i ehnergeticheskogo razresheniya svidetel'stvuyut o tom, chto dlya al'fa-chastits nablyudaemaya naimen'shaya shirina pikov znachitel'no bol'she, chem ta, kotoraya ozhidaetsya na osnove ehlektricheskogo shuma

Design and characteristics of beta-excited X-ray sources; Caracteristiques des sources de rayons X excitees par des particules beta; Konstruktsiya i kharakteristiki beta-vozbuzhdennykh istochnikov rentgenovskikh luchej; Diseno y caracteristicas de las fuentes de rayos X excitadas por particulas beta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Filosofo, I; Reiffel, L; Stone, C A; Voyvodic, L [Physics Division, Armour Research Foundation, Chicago, IL (United States)

1962-01-15

se describe en la memoria. Si se tienen en cuenta la radiacion de frenado (Bremsstrahlung), la ionizacion de la capa K y la fluorescencia provocada por los rayos X, puede lograrse una formulacion matematica satisfactoria para calcular los rendimientos y los espectros fotonicos en funcion de la energia {beta} maxima, del espesor del blanco y de la configuracion de la fuente. Los rendimientos calculados concuerdan perfectamente con los determinados por via experimental, lo que confirma la validez del metodo analitico. De esta forma, resulta posible disenar fuentes isotopicas de rayos X que responden optimamente a las exigencias de las aplicaciones a las que van destinadas. Los autores disenaron prototipos de fuentes de {sup 85}Kr y de {sup 147}Pm, y la memoria analiza su eficacia en las mediciones de espesores y el analisis de sustancias compuestas. Tambien disenaron una fuente de {sup 147}Pm de elevada intensidad destinada a la radiografia industrial; la memoria examina su funcionamiento, asi como la utilidad de los intensificadores de imagen que permiten ampliar el campo de aplicaciones de dicha fuente. Los autores terminan su memoria con un examen general de las posibilidades, ventajas y limitaciones de las fuentes isotopicas de rayos X. (author) [Russian] V dokumente izlagayutsya novejshie rezul'taty rabot nad beta-vozbuzhdennymi istochnikami rentgenovskikh luchej. Opisyvayutsya rezul'taty podrobnogo ehksperimental'nogo issledovaniya rentgenovskikh luchej, proizvodimykh produktami deleniya Rt-147, Kg-85 i Sr-90. Vykhod rentgenovskikh luchej i spektral'noe raspredelenie byli izucheny dlya mishenej, postroennykh iz materialov, idushchikh ot medi do urana, a takzhe dlya raznoobraznogo vzaimnogo raspolozheniya istochnika i mishenej: (propuskayushchaya mishen', otrazhayushchaya mishen', 'sloenaya'' mishen', tesnoperemeshannye istochniki i mishen'). Osobenno podrobno byla izuchena smes' iz prometiya-147 s okis'yu samariya dlya vyyasneniya perspektiv ispol

ANALIZA COMPARATIVĂ A UNOR PARAMETRI DIN SEDIMENTUL URINAR LA SUBIECŢI DE SEX FEMININ ŞI MASCULIN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MARIOARA NICOLETA FILIMON

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Examinarea sedimentului urinar este necesară în oferirea de informaţii despre buna funcţionare a rinichilor, a întregului organism şi în depistarea posibilelor afecţiuni renale. S-a luat în studiu un lot de 129 subiecţi de sex faminin (83 şi masculin (46, la care li s-a determinat numărul de hematii, leucocite şi celule epiteliale din sedimentul urinar. Valorile obţinute au fost prelucrate statistic cu ajutorul programului statistic Minitab pentru a putea stabili daca exista sau nu diferenţe la cele 2 lotuir de subiecţi analizaţi. Numărul de hematii şi leucocite din sedimentul urinar al subiecţilor testaţi nu prezintă diferenţe semnificative la subiecţii de sex masculin şi feminin, pe când numărul celulelor epiteliale înregistrează diferenţe foarte semnificative la cele 2 sexe cu valori mai mari în cazul subiecţilor de sex feminin. Incidenţa leucocitelor în sedimentul urinar ala subiecţilor de sex masculin este mai mare decât la cei de sex feminin, la care predomină celulele epiteliale. Valoarea crescută a numărului de leucocite şi prezenţa florei bacteriene în sedimentul urinar la subiecţii de sex feminin şi masculin testaţi indică infecţii urinare.

Influenza di materie prime non convenzionali, grano saraceno e crusca, sui parametri qualitativi degli spaghetti in cottura

OpenAIRE

Protopapa, Andrea

2006-01-01

Al fine di valutare l’impiego di materie prime non convenzionali nella produzione industriale di pasta secca, 9 campioni di spaghetti sono stati prodotti impiegando, oltre al grano duro, percentuali crescenti di grano saraceno e crusca. Gli spaghetti ottenuti sono stati confrontati con uno standard commerciale di riferimento realizzato totalmente con semola. L’analisi sensoriale ha mostrato che all’aumentare del contenuto di grano saraceno e crusca si riducono il grado di ammassamento e di ad...

Interesting Developments in UO{sub 2} Technology; Progres interessants dans la technologie du bioxyde d'uranium; Interesnye usovershenstvovaniya tekhnologii UO{sub 2}; Recientes progresos en la tecnologia del UO{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Robertson, J. A.L. [Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Chalk River, Ontario (Canada)

1963-11-15

vydelenie iz UO{sub 2} gazov, yavlyayushchikhsya produktami deleniya. V chastnosti, uvelichenie oblucheniya s 10{sup 15} do 10{sup 18} delenij/cm{sup 2} mozhet snizit' ochevidnye skorosti diffuzii dlya ksenona v UO{sub 2} pri posleduyushchikh obzhigakh na koehffitsient 10{sup 3}. Gaz, po-vidimomu, uderzhivaetsya v mel'chajshikh lovushkakh, chast' iz kotorykh sushchestvuet v iskhodnom materiale, a chast' obrazuetsya v rezul'tate radiatsionnogo povrezhdeniya. Tshchatel'nyj analiz pokazal sushchestvovanie medlennoj utechki iz lovushek, chto, veroyatno, ob''yasnyaetsya ogranichennoj rastvorimost'yu ksenona v UO{sub 2}. Vozmozhnost' osushchestvleniya izmerenij v reaktore otkryvaet novuyu fazu eshche bolee vazhnykh ehksperimentov. Oni pokazhut, imeyutsya li kakie-libo potentsial'nye ehkonomicheskie preimushchestva v novykh formakh topliva. V to zhe vremya budut prodolzhat'sya nastojchivye razrabotki spechenoj UO{sub 2} v prostoj geometrii sterzhnya. (author)

Radioautography in the Study of Radioisotopically-Tagged Substances in Insect Control; L'autoradiographie dans l'etude de substances marquees au moy en de radioisotopes utilisees dans la lutte contre les insectes; Primenenie radioavtografii pri izuchenii substantsij, mechennykh radioizotopami, v bor'be s nasekomymi; La autorradiografia en el estudio de las sustancias marcadas con radioisotopos utilizadas en la lucha contra los insectos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Joftes, D. L. [New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA (United States)

1963-09-15

histologicos corrientes. Un ligero desplazamiento ascendente del foco pone de relieve los detalles de la autorradiografia que, de este modo, se puede estudiar en relacion con el tejido. En la memoria se describen en detalle las tecnicas recomendadas y el sencillo equipo necesario, que suele encontrarse en todos los laboratorios. (author) [Russian] Pri otnositel'no nebol'shikh zatratakh truda bolee novye,uproshchenie metody radioavtografii obespechivayut bol'shuyu chuvstvitel'nost' i tochnost' na mikroskopicheskom urovne vo mnogikh fazakh issledovanij odnokratno i dvukhkratno mechennykh radioizotopami insektitsidov, naprimer pri issledovanii pogloshcheniya, peremeshcheniya, metabolizma i opredelenii ostatkov insektitsidov v rasteniyakh, u nasekomykh i tavotnykh. Fiziologiya i biokhimiya obluchennykh nasekomykh yavlyayutsya drugimi oblastyami primeneniya radioavtografii. Vozdejstvie oblucheniya, osobenno na generativnye organy, izuchaetsya s pomoshch'yu mechennogo tritiem timidina. V to vremya kak metody scheta dayut mnogo informatsii o nalichii i kolichestve radioizotopov, s pomoshch'yu radioavtografii mozhno poluchit' dannye o fakticheskikh mestakh ikh otlozheniya v tkanyakh ili dazhe v chastyakh kletok. Poluchenie takoj razreshayushchej sposobnosti vozmozhno na obychnykh postoyannykh gistologicheskikh preparatakh, v to vremya kak pri primenenii metodov scheta dlya polucheniya tochnogo rezul'tata trebuetsya razrushenie obraztsa. Standartnaya radioavtografiya osobenno udobna dlya proslezhivaniya malykh kolichestv izotopov, sostavlyayushchikh doli mikrokyuri, ochen' slabykh izluchatelej, takikh, kak radioaktivnyj uglerod (C{sup 14}) i tritij (H{sup 3}), togda kak dlya rabot s ochen' slabymi izluchatelyami s primeneniem metodov scheta trebuyutsya ochen' dorogie i slozhnye pribory. Metod ne imeet ogranichenij v otnoshenii izotopov, primenyaemykh dlya mecheniya, tak kak dazhe izlucheniya tritiya i C''1''4 budut fiksirovat'sya na yadernoj fotoehmul'sii. Dejstvitel'no, tritij i C''1

Additional Prognostic Value of SUVmax Measured by F-18 FDG PET/CT over Biological Marker Expressions in Surgically Resected Cervical Cancer Patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Yun, Man Soo; Kim, Seong-Jang; Pak, Kyoungjune; Lee, Chang Hun

2015-01-01

We compared the prognostic ability of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and various biological marker expressions to predict recurrence in patients with surgically resected cervical cancer. A retrospective review identified 60 patients with cervical cancer who received [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) at the time of the diagnosis of cancer. The SUVmax, expressions of carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and known prognostic factors were investigated. The median follow-up time was 22.2 months (range 3.4-43.1 months). Using univariate analyses, the stage (stage II, p = 0.0066), SUVmax (> 6, p = 0.027), parametrial involvement (p value than biological marker expression in patients with surgically resected cervical cancer. © 2015 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg.

Ingegneria degli acquiferi

CERN Document Server

Molfetta, Antonio

2012-01-01

Il testo fornisce le conoscenze necessarie per affrontare, con un approccio quantitativo, i molteplici aspetti connessi al flusso delle risorse idriche sotterranee (acque di falda) e alla propagazione e bonifica di contaminanti nei sistemi acquiferi. Vengono illustrate le proprietà fondamentali che definiscono la capacità di immagazzinamento, trasporto e rilascio dell’acqua negli acquiferi, e successivamente, descritte le metodiche per la determinazione di tali parametri tramite l’esecuzione e l’interpretazione di prove di falda, di pozzo e di laboratorio. A partire dalla classificazione chimico fisica-tossicologica dei contaminanti vengono, quindi, analizzati i meccanismi di propagazione e illustrate le soluzioni analitiche dell’equazione del trasporto di massa nei mezzi porosi. L’ultima parte del testo è dedicata alla caratterizzazione e bonifica degli acquiferi contaminati. Il testo è rivolto sia agli studenti universitari, sia ai professionisti che debbano affrontare con un approccio quantit...

Calibrazioni a terra e prestazioni in volo di spettrometri ad immagine nel visibile e nel vicino infrarosso per l'esplorazione planetaria

Science.gov (United States)

Filacchione, Gianrico

2006-10-01

progettuale e realizzativa dei parametri e de lle prestazioni strumentali; in generale infatti non solo sarà necessario mantenere le dimensioni, il peso, i consumi elettrici ed il data-volume entro i requisiti disponibili del satellite ma anche ottimizzare i disegni ottici, meccanici ed elettronici al fine di ottenere le massime prestazioni possibili in funzione della natura del target osservato e dei parametri orbitali della missione. Questa tesi descrive i metodi utilizzati per caratterizzare il funzionamento di spettrometri ad immagine per l’esplorazione planetaria. L’attività svolta ha riguardato sia la misura in laboratorio dei parametri strumentali fondamentali sia l’analisi dei dati in volo su cui verificarne ed eventualmente correggerne la risposta. Il funzionamento degli strumenti e la metodologia di calibrazione vengono descritti nelle due parti principali e nelle appendici di questa tesi per gli esperimenti Cassini-VIMS-V e Rosetta-VIRTIS-M. La prima parte è dedicata all’esperimento VIMS-V sul satellite Cassini, il cui disegno ottico, originariamente proposto da Francis Reininger, verrà successivamente riutilizzato e perfezionato su VIRTIS-M (Reininger et al., 1994; Miller et al., 1996). Il capitolo 1 contiene una descrizione dei parametri ottici, strutturali, termici ed elettronici di VIMS-V mettendone in risalto gli aspetti più innovativi del progetto. Vengono inoltre descritti la collocazione dell’esperimento sul satellite Cassini, il coallineamento con gli altri strumenti di remote sensing, i possibili modi operativi ed il formato dei dati scientifici. Il capitolo 2 riguarda il processo di calibrazione ed analisi dei dati in volo di VIMS-V. La procedura eseguita per calibrare radiometricamente lo strumento utilizzando i dati della superficie della Luna e per stimare il flat-field mediante i dati dell’atmosfera di Venere viene dettagliatamente descritta assieme agli algoritmi utilizzati per la rimozione di diversi effetti strumentali (read

Treatment of solutions of fission products - Separation of caesium-137; Traitement des solutions de produits de fission - Separation du cesium-137; Obrabotka rastvorov produktov deleniya - Razdelenie tseziya-137; Tratamiento de soluciones de productos de fision - Separacion del cesio-137

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stiennon-Bovy, R [Centre d' Etude de l' Energie Nucleaire, Mol (Belgium); Gvion, R [Commission Israelienne de l' Energie Atomique, Tel-Aviv (Israel)

1962-01-15

appreciable de l'activite du cesium, sa realisation a la temperature ordinaire, et la possibilite d'exploitation en regime continu. Par ce procede, la recuperation du cesium peut etre faite avant l'elimination de certains produits de fission. (author) [Spanish] Los autores han adaptado el metodo analitico de determinacion del cesio por medio de la dipierilamina a la recuperacion en escala industrial del cesio-137 contenido en soluciones de productos de fision de elevada actividad. El procedimiento propuesto permite aislar el cesio en forma de cloruro en una sola operacion y recuperar el reactivo de precipitacion con facilidad. Los autores proponen un procedimiento basico. Han estudiado el efecto de las radiaciones sobre la dipierilamina y sus compuestos. Este efecto es practicamente nulo para los compuestos solidos, y despreciable para las soluciones. Ademas, los autores han estudiado el arrastre del cesio por el ion amonico. El procedimiento descrito presenta las ventajas siguientes: elevado grado de descontaminacion del cesio, sencillez del procedimiento y facilidad con que se puede recuperar y volver a emplear el reactivo, elevado rendimiento en la recuperacion del cesio y de la dipierilamina, concentracion apreciable de la actividad del cesio, posibilidad de trabajar a temperatura ambiente, posibilidad de trabajar en regimen continuo. Este procedimiento permite recuperar cesio antes de eliminar ciertos productos de fision. (author) [Russian] Dlya promyshlennogo izvlecheniya tseziya-137 iz rastvorov produktov deleniya avtory primenili analiticheskij sposob dozirovki tseziya pri pomoshchi dipikrilamina v promyshlennom masshtabe i s vysokimi aktivnostyami. Predlagaemyj sposob pozvolyaet odnoj operatsiej izolirovat' tsezij v vide khloristogo soedineniya i legko izvlech' reagent osadka. Avtory predlagayut printsipial'nuyu skhemu. Oni izuchili dejstvie izluchenij na dipikrilamin i ego soedineniya. EHto dejstvie okazyvaetsya prakticheski ravnym nulyu dlya tverdykh soedinenij i

Indium-Gallium Radiation Contour of the IRT Nuclear Reactor; Circuit d'activation d'indium-gallium dans le reacteur nucleaire IRT; Indij-gallievyj radiatsionnyj kontur yadernogo reaktora IRT; Circuito de radiaciones de indio-galio del reactor IRT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Breger, A K; Ryabukin, Y S; Tulkes, S G; Volkov, E N

1960-07-15

-industrielles. (author) [Spanish] Basandose en un trabajo teorico ya publicado, se preparo en el reactor IRT un circuito de radiaciones de indio-galio que constituye una nueva fuente de rayos gamma de elevada intensidad. El primer circuito de este tipo ''RK-1'' se construyo para el reactor IRT en el Instituto de Fisica de la Academia de Ciencias de la Republica Socialista Sovietica de Georgia. Este trabajo estudia los puntos siguientes: calculo de la activacion de la desintegracion del conjunto indio-galio; estructura del circuito RK-1 y su disposicion en el tanque del reactor y en la camara activa; dispositivo de admision de las sustancias liquidas y gaseosas en la zona de la irradiacion; transportador de las sustancias solidas sometidas a irradiacion. En el reactor IRT, cuya potencia es de 2 000 kW, la intensidad de irradiacion del circuito es igual a la de una fuente de radiacion gamma equivalente a 20 000 g de radio. En el trabajo se estudian las posibilidades de utilizacion de este circuito con fines semi-industriales y de investigacion. (author) [Russian] Osnovyvayas' na uzhe opublikovannoj teoreticheskoj rabote, byl podgotovlen indij-gallievyj radiatsionnyj kontur yadernogo reaktora IRT, kotoryj yavlyaetsya novym moshchnym istochnikom gamma-oblucheniya . Pervyj kontur ehtogo tipa RK-1 byl podgotovlen na reaktore IRT v Institute fiziki Akademii nauk Gruzinskoj SSR. V doklade dayutsya raschety aktivizatsij dlya indij-gallievogo splava, strukturnye kompanovki RK-1 i ikh raspolozhenie v bake reaktora i goryachej kamere, ustrojstvo podachi zhidkikh i gazoobraznykh veshchestv v zonu oblucheniya i konvejer dlya tverdykh veshchestv, kotorye podlezhat oblucheniyu. V reaktore IRT moshchnost'yu 2000 kW moshchnost' oblucheniya kontura ehkvivalentna moshchnosti oblucheniya gamma-izluchatelya, obladayushchego aktivnost'yu v 20000 g ehkv. radiya. V doklade obsuzhdayutsya perspektivy ispol'zovaniya indij-gallievogo radiatsionnogo kontura dlya issledovatel'skikh i polupromyshlennykh tselej

A punched-card library of neutron cross-sections and its use in the mechanized preparation of group cross-sections for use in Monte Carlo, Carlson S{sub n} and other multi-group neutronics calculations on high-speed computers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parker, K [Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston (United Kingdom)

1962-03-15

constantes de groupes pour reproduire des mesures integrales et la simplification d'une serie de constantes pour un grand nombre de groupes en vue d'obtenir une serie de constantes pour un petit nombre de groupes. (author) [Spanish] La memoria describe el fichero de tarjetas perforadas sobre las que se registran en el Atomic Weapons Research Establishment (AWRE) las secciones eficaces neutronicas, asi como los programas correspondientes de la calculadora IBM-7090 que se emplean para la elaboracion de estos datos con miras a obtener promedios por grupo de secciones eficaces apropiadas para calculos neutronicos de grupos multiples por los metodos de Montecarlo, de S{sub n} de Carlson y otros procedimientos. El autor expone seguidamente los metodos desarrollados para estudiar la dispersion elastica isotropica y anisotropica. Comprenden la aproximacion de transporte de grupos multiples y el tratamiento completo de la dispersion anisotropica empleando los momentos polinomicos de Legendre de la matriz de transferencia por dispersion. El trabajo expone los principios de la formacion de constantes de grupo y, a titulo ilustrativo, describe sistemas de constantes de grupo que sirven para calculos de reactores rapidos. Analiza algunos problemas practicos como la adaptacion empirica de las constantes de grupo para reproducir resultados de mediciones integrales, y la reduccion de un sistema de constantes de muchos grupos a otro de pocos grupos. (author) [Russian] V doklade daetsya opisanie nakho-dyashchejsya v Nauchno-issledovatel'sko m tsentre po razrabotke atomnogo oruzhiya biblioteki perforirovannykh kartochek sechenij nejtronov sovmestno s programmami IBM 7090, kotorye obrabatyvayut ehti dannye dlya polucheniya usrednennykh po gruppam sechenij, kotorye ispol'zuyutsya v nejtronnykh vychisleniyakh po metodam Monte Karlo, Karlsona S{sub n} i v drugikh mnogogruppovykh vychisleniyakh. Opisyvayutsya metody, kasayushchiesya kak izotropnogo, tak i anizotropnogo uprugogo rasseyaniya. Oni

Technical analysis of volume-rendering algorithms: application in low-contrast structures using liver vascularisation as a model; Analisi tecnica degli algoritmi di volume rendering: applicazione alle strutture a basso contrsto usando come modello la vascolarizzazione epatica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cademartiri, Filippo [Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam (Netherlands); Luccichenti, Giacomo [Fondazione Biomedica Europea ONLUS, Roma (Italy); Runza, Giuseppe; Bartolotta, Tommaso Vincenzo; Midiri, Massimo [Palermo Univ., Palermo (Italy). Sezione di scienze radiologiche; Gualerzi, Massimo; Brambilla, Lorenzo; Coruzzi, Paolo [Parma Univ., Parma (Italy). UO di prevenzione e riabilitazione vascolare, Fondazione Don C. Gnocchi ONLUS; Soliani, Paolo; Sianesi, Mario [Parma Univ., Parma (Italy). Dipartimento di chirurgia

2005-04-01

Purpose: To assess the influence of pre-set volume rendering opacity curves (OC) on image quality and to identify which absolute parameters (density of aorta, hepatic parenchyma and portal vein) affect visualization of portal vascular structures (low-contrast structures). Materials and methods: Twenty-two patients underwent a dual-phase spiral CT with the following parameters: collimation 3 mm, pitch 2, increment 1 mm. Three scans were performed: one without contrast medium and the latter two after the injection of contrast material (conventionally identified as 'arterial' and 'portal'). The images were sent to a workstation running on an NT platform equipped with post-processing software allowing three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions to generate volume-rendered images of the vascular supply to the liver. Correlation between the absolute values of aorta, liver and portal vein density, OC parameters, and image quality were assessed. Results: 3D images generated using pre-set OC obtained a much mower overall quality score than those produced with OC set by the operator. High contrast between the liver and the portal vein, for example during the portal vascular phase, allows wider windows, thus improving image quality. Conversely, the OC in the parenchymal phase scans must have a high gradient in order to better differentiate between the vascular structures and the surrounding hepatic parenchyma. Conclusions: Image features considered to be of interest by the operator cannot be simplified by the mean of pre-set OC. Due to their strong individual variability automatic 3D algorithms cannot be universally applied: they should be adapted to both image and patient characteristics. [Italian] Scopo: Valutare l'influenza delle curve di opacit� (CO) preimpostate del volume-rendering sulla qualit� delle immagini, ed identificare quali parametri assoluti (attenzione dell'aorta, del parenchima epatico e della vena porta) influenzano la

„Jak naprawdę pali palacz?” – wyniki wstępne badań topografii palenia populacji palaczy w Polsce

Science.gov (United States)

Czogała, Jan; Goniewicz, Maciej Łukasz; Czubek, Agnieszka; Koszowski, Bartosz; Sobczak, Andrzej

2009-01-01

Na stężenie substancji toksycznych w dymie papierosowym w sposób oczywisty wpływać muszą warunki tlenowo-temperaturowe generowania dymu. Warunki te zależne są od sposobu palenia papierosa (topografii palenia). Topografię palenia charakteryzują następujące parametry: głębokość i szybkość zaciągania, czas przerw między zaciągnięciami i liczba zaciągnięć. W zdecydowanej większości dotychczasowych badań dotyczących składu dymu papierosowego, dym generowano w standardowych warunkach zalecanych przez Międzynarodową Organizację Normalizacyjną ISO i Federalną Komisję Handlu FTC. Obecnie coraz częściej kwestionuje się wykorzystanie standardowych metod laboratoryjnych, jako narzędzi do oceny dawek substancji toksycznych pobieranych przez palaczy w wyniku palenia Określenie rzeczywistych dawek substancji odtytoniowych na jakie narażeni są palacze określonej populacji wymaga zatem w pierwszej kolejności określenia topografii palenia palaczy należących do tej populacji. Celem pracy była kompleksowa charakterystyka parametrów topografii palenia papierosów populacji palaczy w Polsce i jej rozkładu statystycznego. Do badań zakwalifikowano reprezentatywną grupę 129 palaczy. Aby spełnić założenia reprezentatywności badanej grupy palących dokonano analizy struktury demograficznej palaczy papierosów w Polsce posługując się danymi GUS dotyczącymi ogólnej struktury ludności (płeć, profil wiekowy) oraz szczegółowej struktury populacji palaczy papierosów przeprowadzonych według kryteriów profilu wiekowego i liczby wypalanych papierosów. Pomiar indywidualnych parametrów topografii palenia przeprowadzono przy pomocy profesjonalnego przenośnego urządzenia CreSSmicro. Średnia objętość zaciągania się dymem zmierzona w badanej grupie wynosiła 60 ml, była, więc 78% wyższa od wartości normatywnej zalecanej do badań przez ISO (35 ml). Średnia szybkość zaciągania mierzona w badanej populacji wynosząca 48

Il ruolo svolto dall’attività lavorativa sull’ipertensione arteriosa

Science.gov (United States)

Barbini, N.; Gorini, G.; Ferrucci, L.; Biggeri, A.

2009-01-01

RIASSUNTO Introduzione I parametri di pressione arteriosa, sistolica (PAS) o diastolica (PAD) hanno costituito I’oggetto di numerosi studi, alcuni dei quali stabiliscono un’associazione tra I’aumnto di tali parametri e la mortalità, in particolare alle età medie. I fattori di rischio di ipertensione più frequentemente studiati sono il consumo di alcol, il fumo e I’origine etnica in riferimento sia alle differenze genetiche che nella condotta alimentare, mentre i fattori di origine professionale sono stati presi in considerazione più raramente e in maniera poco approfondita, inoltre sono state riferite notevoli differenze nelle pressioni arteriose medie di individui che svolgono professioni diverse. Sembra infatti che i “colletti blu” siano più a rischio dei “colletti bianchi”. Obiettivi Il nostro scopo è valutare se determinati rischi o vincoli connessi con l’attività professionale o determinati stili di vita rappresentano un fattore di rischio per l’ipertensione arteriosa in considerazioni dell’aumentare dell’età. Elementi specifici che rendano conto di questa relazione non sono stati ancora completamente chiariti e soprattutto i dati sulla popolazione italiana sono molto limitati. Metodi La metodologia di ricerca utilizzata è stata quella dell’indagine francese ESTEV (Derriennic, Touranchet, Volkoff) - VISAT (Marquie, Janson), studio epidemiologico longitudinale su oltre 23000 lavoratori attivata in Francia nel 1990 al fine di indagare gli effetti a lungo termine delle condizioni di lavoro, riferite all’intera vita professionale, sia sull’invecchiamento sia sulla salute dei lavoratori. Analoga indagine è stata avviata in Italia, nel 2000, in 6 Regioni, prendendo in esame i lavoratori dipendenti di diversi settori produttivi appartenenti a 5 coorti di età: da 32 a 52 anni con intervallo di 5 anni. Le rilevazioni sono state effettuate dai medici del lavoro di azienda attraverso 3 questionari: 1. sulle condizioni

Assessment of Impact of the Rheological Parameters Change on Sensitivity of the Asphalt Strain Based on the Test Results / Ocena Wpływu Zmiany Parametrów Reologicznych Na Wrażliwość Deformacji Mieszanek Mineralno - Asfaltowych Na Podstawie Wyników Badań

Science.gov (United States)

Kurpiel, Artur; Wysokowski, Adam

2015-03-01

żna określić parametry oparte o różne teorie pełzania a szczególnie cenne parametry reologiczne w oparciu o wybrane modele lepkosprężyste [1]. Parametry z modeli lepkosprężystych są miarodajnymi wskaźnikami obrazującymi odporność mieszanek na deformacje. Można za ich pomocą prognozować głębokości koleiny w przyjętym modelu reologicznym [1]. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono jaki wpływ na głębokość koleiny mają różne wartości parametrów reologicznych z analizowanego modelu lepkosprężystego oraz wpływ parametrów na kształt i przebieg krzywej pełzania. Przedstawione w artykule mieszanki mineralno - asfaltowe charakteryzują się zmiennymi parametrami reologicznymi, zatem trudno jest określić, który parametr decyduje o wielkości odkształcenia danej mieszanki. Mając na uwadze powyższe, w artykule podjęto próbę analizy zmiany wartości odkształcenia mieszanki mineralno - asfaltowej przy zmianie jednego oraz dwóch parametrów w danym modelu reologicznym - w tym przypadku - Bürgersa.

Industrial Sterilization st the Electron Linear-Accelerator Facility at Risoe; Sterilisation industrielle a l'aide de l'accelerateur lineaire d'electrons de Riso; Promyshlennaya sterilizatsiya oblucheniem na linejnom uskoritele ehlektronov v Rizo; Esterilizacion industrial con ayuda del acelerador lineal de electrones de Riso

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brynjolfsson, A.; Holm, N. W.; Tharup, G.; Sehested, K. [Accelerator Section, Danish Atomic Energy Commission, Research Establishment Risoe (Denmark)

1963-11-15

por contrato con empresas industriales. El acelerador produce un haz electronico estable de 10 MeV con una potencia media de 5 kW. El haz puede extraerse en linea recta o a traves de un dispositivo desviador y barredor. Este ultimo se emplea en las irradiaciones industriales. El material que se ha de irradiar atraviesa el campo en una cinta transportadora de velocidad regulable entre 0,2 y 600 mm/s, lo que permite variar la dosis en un intervalo muy grande sin modificar el ajuste del acelerador. El aparato funciona desde el otofio de 1960 para las instituciones cientificas de Dinamarca, y, a partir de 1961, tambien para la esterilizacion de instrumentos medicos, por ejemplo, jeringas, sondas, aparatos para transfusion e infusion, etc. El numero de articulos tratados aumento regularmente, habiendose irradiado unos 3000 paquetes en el primer trimestre de 1963. Cada paquete puede contener, por ejemplo, 900 jeringas de 2 cm. Se han dedicado muchos esfuerzos a mejorar las tecnicas de irradiacion, estudiandose entre otros aspectos el empleo de sistemas reflectores, la regulacion automatica de la dosis, el control dosimetrico y el empleo de indicadores cromaticos. La memoria revisa sucintamente estos importantes detalles tecnicos y describe los procesos de manipulacion, control y dosimetria empleados en la esterilizacion. Para terminar, proporciona algunos datos sobre el costo de explotacion del proceso. (author) [Russian] Poluchenie doz vysokikh moshchnostej na moshchnykh uskoritelyakh yavlyaetsya tsennym v smysle vozmozhnosti provedeniya teoreticheskikh, fizicheskikh i khimicheskikh issledovanij i takzhe opytnoj ehkspluatatsii ustanovok do promyshlennogo vnedreniya protsessov. Linejnyj uskoritel' v .Rizo ispol'zuetsya dlya takikh tselej i, v tom chisle, dlya oblucheniya meditsinskikh priborov dlya promyshlennykh firm po kontraktam. Ehtot linejnyj uskoritel' daet ustojchivyj puchok ehlektronov s ehnergiej 10 Mehv i srednej moshchnost'yu 5 kvt. Puchok mozhet byt' napravlen

Measurement of resonance parameters of cross-sections affecting fast-neutron propagation in various media; Mesure des parametres de resonance de sections efficaces lies a la propagation des neutrons dans differents milieux; Izmerenie parametrov rezonansnoj struktury sechenij, vliyayushchikh na rasprostranenie bystrykh nejtronov v sredakh; Medicion de los parametros de resonancia de las secciones eficaces que afectan a la propagacion de los neutrones rapidos en distintos medios

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nikolaev, M N; Filippov, V V; Bondarenko, I I [Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian Federation)

1962-03-15

propagacion de los neutrones en la materia abarca desde algunas decenas de kiloelectron-voltios , para los nucleos pesados, hasta unos cuantos mega-electron-voltios, para los nucleos intermedios. Para poder tener en cuenta los efectos de resonancia en el calculo de los parametros de los grupos, es indispensable conocer no solo las secciones eficaces medias correspondientes a las reacciones de los neutrones con la materia, sino tambien algunas magnitudes tales como (1/{Sigma}{sub t}), (1/{Sigma}{sub t}{sup 2}) etc. - los corchetes indican que se toman valores promedios de los grupos energeticos. La informacion de que se dispone actualement acerca de los parametros de resonancia en el terreno de los neutrones rapidos no permite calcular las magnitudes mencionadas con la exactitud necesaria. Por tal razon interesa medir directamente (1/{Sigma}{sub t}), (1/{Sigma}{sub t}{sup 2}) y otros valores analogos. Los autores presentan los resultados de las mediciones de una serie de parametros tales como ({Sigma}{sub t}), ({Sigma}{sub t}{sup 2}), (1/{Sigma}{sub t}), (1/{Sigma}{sub t}{sup 2}), (1/{Sigma}{sub t}{sup 3}), etc. que caracterizan la estructura de las secciones eficaces de una serie de nucleos intermedios para neutrones de energia comprendida entre 300 keV y 3 MeV. Dichos valores se dedujeron analizando las curvas de paso a traves de la materia, obtenidas con una geometria favorable, hasta un valor limite de 10{sup -2}, aproximadamente . Los datos obtenidos demuestran que los efectos de resonancia ejercen una notable influencia sobre las caracteristicas de la difusion en la materia. (author) [Russian] Pri sostavlenii sistem mnogogruppovykh konstant dlya rascheta reaktorov na bystrykh i promezhutochnykh nejtronakh vo mnogikh sluchayakh neobkhodimo uchityvat' ehffekty samoehkranirovki , svyazannye s rezonansnoj strukturoj sechenij. EHnergeticheskaya oblast', v kotoroj rezonansnaya struktura okazyvaet sushchestvennoe vliyanie na rasprostranenie nejtronov v veshchestve

Multifunctional chemical additives for hetero chain polymers; Khimikati-dobavki mnogofunkstional'nogo deystviya dlya geterostepnikh polimerov

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Niyazi, F. F.; Kalontarov, I. Ya.; Chayko, Yu. V.; Kasimova, E. I. [V.I. Nikitin Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, (Tajikistan)

1994-07-01

Indane and carbazole derivatives, poly conjugated azomethine, bis-benzimidazole were studied as chemical additives. Photo stabilizing effect was studied as well. It was found that photo stabilizing effect doesn't depend on nature of functional groups of substituent in aromatic nucleus and specified by length and efficiency of conjugation chains.

The Performance of Major Plant Items at Calder Hall; Fonctionnement des elements principaux de la centrale de Calder Hall; Kharakteristika osnovnykh uzlov ustanovki v Kolder-Kholle; Rendimiento de los principales elementos de la central de Calder Hall

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Desbruslais, E. L. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Seascale, Cumberland (United Kingdom)

1963-10-15

. Opravdannoj yavlyaetsya ustanovka sdvoennogo vspomogatel'nogo oborudovaniya vmeste s ob{sup e}dineniem parovoj i vodnoj sistem. Oborudovanie B.C.D.G. okazalos' v vysshej stepeni udovletvoritel'nym. Vvidu togo, chto chuvstvitel'nost' gruppy kanalov vyshe chem neobkhodimo, v nastoyashchee vremya planirugtsya izmeneniya s tsel' ukorocheniya tsiklov za schet nekotoroj chuvstvitel'nosti. Obsuzhdayutsya meropriyatiya po pereoborudovaniyu sistemy podachi ehnergii dlya priborov reaktora i konturov bezopasnosti. Rekomenduyutsya klassifikatsiya stepeni opasnosti i vazhnosti i ustrojstvo po pervomu vyklyucheniyu reaktora. Vyyasnyaetsya neobkhodimost' imet' sistemu s dvumya zashchitnymi liniyami i ustanavlivat' tri ili bolee takikh linij. Statistika- pokazala polnuyu nadezhnost' oborudovaniya registratsii dannykh. Opravdyvaetsya neobkhodimost' bol'shoj standartizatsii oborudovaniya po peregruzke topliva. Ispol'zovanie spetsial'nykh ballonov i spetsial'nogo oborudovaniya po razgruzke trebuet mnogo vremeni, i ot ehtogo sleduet otkazat'sya. Opisyvayutsya izmeneniya/ vnesennye v mekhanizmy po zagruzke/razgruzke i vo vspomogatel'nuyu ustanovku. Podcherkivaetsya neobkhodimost' tshchatel'noj obrabotki topliva vo vremya zagruzki. Primenenie televizionnykh kamer v toplivnykh kanalakh i spetsial'nykh zakhvatov pozvolilo sokratit' vremya razgruzki. Nebol'shie neispravnosti otmecheny lish' pri ehkspluatatsii slozhnykh mekhanizmov upravlyayushchikh sterzhnej i sootvetstvuyushchego oborudovaniya po kontrolyu. Naskol'ko ehto vozmozhno, osnovnye sistemy upravleniya ustanovki dolzhny byt' tsentralizovany, i osnovnye tsentry upravleniya i uzly upravleniya ustanovki dolzhny byt' zashchishcheny ot sluchajnogo povrezhdeniya pri obluchenii vneshnimi istochnikami. Priznayutsya neobkhodimymi avtomaticheskie puskovoe i parallel'noe ustrojstva dlya avarijnoj dizel'noj ustanovki, odnako ustanovka mogla by byt' tsentralizovana s pol'zoj dlya dela. (author)

Physical parameters of effluent from nuclear power station cooling towers; Fizicki parametri efluenata iz rashladnih tornjeva nuklearne elektrane

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vehauc, A [Institute of Nuclear Sciences VINCA, Belgrade (Yugoslavia)

1992-07-01

Physical parameters of the effluent dispersed from the wet cooling towers, i.e. mixture of the warm moist air with the entrained droplets are analysed. Understanding of the effluent physical parameters at the exit of cooling tower is important for prediction of the effluent dispersion in the environment. Mass and droplet diameter distributors of the drifted cooling water are measured in situ and also, drift eliminators are characterised experimentally. A new numerical method for heat and mass transfer evaluation in the cooling tower packing (fill) was developed, that leads to more accurate prediction for outlet air parameters in relation of plant power rate, cooling tower characteristics and atmospheric conditions. (author)

Características clínico-patológicas y sobrevida en mujeres jóvenes con cáncer cervical: análisis retrospectivo del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rossana Ruiz

Full Text Available Objetivos. Determinar las características clínicas, histológicas y los factores pronósticos del cáncer cervical (CC en pacientes jóvenes peruanas. Materiales y métodos. Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes de 35 años de edad o menos diagnosticadas con CC entre el 2008 y el 2012 en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas. Resultados. 449 pacientes tenían neoplasias epiteliales. Los tipos histológicos principales fueron: carcinoma de células escamosas (84,9%, adenocarcinoma (11,0% y carcinoma adenoescamoso (2,4%. El tamaño tumoral promedio fue 4,98 cm. También se identificó anemia (55,7%, creatinina elevada (21,2% e hidronefrosis (13,8%. El 82,3% de los pacientes presentaron enfermedad localmente avanzada. Los estadios IIB (47,4% y IIIB (25,8% fueron los más comunes. La supervivencia global a 5 años fue de 59,5% (I, 90,9%; II, 57,5%; III, 42,7% y IV, 13,3%. La creatinina elevada, la anemia, el tamaño tumoral, el compromiso parametrial y la hidronefrosis fueron factores que afectaron la supervivencia. No se encontró relación significativa entre el tipo histológico y la supervivencia. La presencia de anemia (Hazard Ratio ajustado [HRa]: 2,5; intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC 95%]: 1,6-4,0 y la hidronefrosis (HRa: 1,6; IC 95%: 1,0-4,0 estuvieron independientemente asociados con la supervivencia; asimismo, el compromiso parametrial con (HRa: 3,3; IC 95%: 1,57,2 o sin (HRa: 2,6; IC 95%: 1,3-5,3 extensión al hueso pélvico. Conclusiones. El cáncer cervical en jóvenes peruanas es diagnosticado en estadios avanzados. La supervivencia global en cada estadio es similar a la reportada en pacientes mayores. Se confirmó la importancia de los factores convencionales relacionados con el pronóstico. La anemia fue un factor de pronóstico independiente importante que requiere mayores investigaciones.

KONDENSACJA W PRZEGRODZIE ŚCIENNEJ Z KOMPOZYTU WAPIENNO-KONOPNEGO – OCENA MOŻLIWOŚCI WYSTĄPIENIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Przemysław BRZYSKI

Full Text Available Obecność składników organicznych w materiałach budowlanych, decyduje o ich wrażliwości na wilgoć, a dłuższej perspektywie na ich korozję biologiczną, jeśli nie zostaną odpowiednio zabezpieczone przed czynnikami atmosferycznymi. Przegrody powinno się projektować zwracając uwagę na ryzyko wystąpienia powierzchniowej oraz międzywarstwowej kondensacji pary wodnej. W artykule przedstawiono analizę przegrody ściennej, wykonanej z kompozytu wapienno-konopnego. Założono grubość ściany 40 cm oraz po 2 cm tynku po obu stronach. Kompozyt składa się z modyfikowanego spoiwa wapiennego oraz paździerzy konopnych pozyskanych z konopi przemysłowych. Parametry materiału, potrzebne do analizy (współczynnik przewodności cieplnej oraz paroprzepuszczalność wyznaczono doświadczalnie w badaniach własnych. W części analitycznej artykułu przedstawiono obliczenia temperatury powierzchni koniecznej do uniknięcia krytycznej wilgotności powierzchni wewnętrznej ściany oraz określono możliwość wystąpienia kondensacji międzywarstwowej w analizowanej ścianie. Obliczenia wykonano zgodnie z normą PN-EN 13788. Przyjęto warunki brzegowe dla lokalizacji Lublin. Miesiącem krytycznym, w którym przegroda jest najbardziej narażona na kondensację jest styczeń. Z uwagi na dobre parametry termoizolacyjne przegrody, jej budowę ryzyko rozwoju pleśni na wewnętrznej powierzchni ściany nie występuje. Kondensacja wewnętrzna występuje w przegrodzie w okresie grudzień – luty. Natomiast już w marcu zgromadzony kondensat ulega całkowitemu odparowaniu. Przegroda odpowiedniej grubości, wykonana z kompozytu wapienno-konopnego, z uwagi na swoją wysoką paroprzepuszczalność oraz niskie przewodnictwo cieplne nie jest narażona na długotrwałe i niszczące oddziaływanie skraplającej się wewnątrz pary wodnej.

Physical fundaments of supersonic molecular beams; Fondamenti fisici dei fasci molecolari supersonici. Parte 7: Il getto libero supersonico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tomassetti, G. [L' Aquila Univ., L' Aquila (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica; Sanna, G.

1999-07-01

The structure of the free jet emitted by a converging nozzle as obtained by the method of characteristics by Ashkenas and Sherman is described in details. In particular the dependence of the field variable by the distance from the nozzle is given. The transition from continuum to molecular free regime is then considered and the sudden freeze approximation is introduced. The processing of monoatomic and polyatomic gasses is also considered. [Italian] Le caratteristiche del campo di flusso in regime continuo di un getto libero supersonico ottenute col metodo delle caratteristiche da Askenas e Sherman sono messe in evidenza. In particolare le relazioni analitiche per i parametri di flusso in funzione della distanza dal nozzle sono riportate. Viene poi considerata la transazione al regime molecolare ed e' introdotta la sudden freeze approximation. Vengono anche considerate le situazioni di non equilibrio tra gradi di liberta' interni ed esterni.

Supersonic free jet, molecular free regime; Fondamenti fisici dei fasci molecolari supersonici. Parte 7. Il getto libero supersonico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanna, G. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Frascati, Rome (Italy). Dipt. Innovazione; Tomassetti, G. [L' Aquila Univ., L' Aquila (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica

1999-07-01

The structure of the free jet emitted by a converging nozzle as obtained by the method of characteristics by Ashkenas e Sherman is described in details. In particular the dependence of the field variable by the distance from the nozzle is given. The transition from continuum to molecular free regime is then considered and the sudden freeze approximation is introduced. The processing of monoatomic and polyatomic gasses is also considered. [Italian] Le caratteristiche del campo di flusso in regime continuo di un getto libero supersonico ottenute col metodo delle caratteristiche da Ashekanas e Sherman sono messe in evidenza. In paricolare le relazioni analitiche per i parametri di flusso in funzione della distanza dal nozzle sono riportate. Viene poi considerata la transizione al regime molecolare ed e' introdotta la sudden freeze approximation. Vengono anche considerate le situazioni di non equilibrio tra gradi di liberta' interni ed esterni.

Řezání laserem

OpenAIRE

Baran, Marek

2017-01-01

Práce pojednává o řezání tlustých ocelových plechů pomocí laserové technologie. Kromě technologických aspektů řezání laserem práce popisuje další využití laseru v praxi a porovnává řezání laserem s jinými technologiemi dělení plechů. V experimentální části byla za pomoci firmy STEELTEC CZ provedena optimalizace polohy ohniska při řezání plechu S235JR tloušťky 20 mm. Získané vzorky vyřezané na CO2 laseru byly dále porovnány se vzorky řezanými plazmou a vodním paprskem. Zkoumanými parametry byl...

Reuse of treated waste water for the irrigation of ornamental plants. The case of Pistoia; Riuso di acque reflue depurate di specie ornamentali: l'impianto pilota di Pistoia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gori, R.; Lubello, C. [Florence Univ., Florence (Italy). Dipt. di Ingegneria Civile

1999-12-01

After a brief introduction on irrigation waste water reuse, the paper deals with the case of Pistoia (italy), the most important nursery area in Italy, which has developed an experiment for evaluating the effects of waste water treatment plant effluent irrigation. The better physiological and growth parameters of plants irrigated with the effluent shows that it could be a valid alternative of water and fertilizer nutrients resources for ornamental plants. [Italian] Dopo una breve introduzione sul riuso delle acque reflue a fini irrigui, il lavoro affronta il caso di Pistoia, sede della maggiore area vivaistica italiana, che utilizza le acque reflue dal 1998 con una sperimentazione volta a verificare gli effetti dell'irrigazione con l'effluente dell'impianto di depurazione centrale. Le piante cosi' irrigate hanno mostrato parametri di crescita e fisiologici generalmente migliori di quelli riscontrati sulle piante irrigate con i metodi tradizionali.

Kvasinky v procesu výroby vína

OpenAIRE

Horká, Daniela

2016-01-01

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá sledováním vlivu kvasinek na proces výroby vína a na jeho konečné vlastnosti. Byla provedena izolace a identifikace kvasinek ve vzorku moštu odrůdy Veltlínské zelené s využitím základních mikrobiologických operací a molekulárně-biologické metody založené na PCR – RFLP. V další části práce bylo provedeno sledování chemických změn v kvasícím moštu odrůdy Hibernal pomocí spektrofotometrických metod. Měřenými parametry bylo pH a celková antioxidační aktivita kvasíc...

Radioisotope Power Sources; Sources d'energie utilisant les radiobotopes; Radioizotopnye istochniki ehnergii; Fuentes radio isotopicas de energia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Culwell, J. P. [USAEC, Washington, D.C (United States)

1963-11-15

realizando investigaciones con generadores alimentados por mezclas de productos de fision. Estas seran menos costosas que los radioisotopos puros, pues se suprimen los gastos de separacion y purificacion de isotopos. En la actualidad funcionan o estan a punto de funcionar generadores termoelectricos prototipo, alimentados con estroncio-90 y cesio-137, en estaciones meteorologicas, dispositivos auxiliares de navegacion y aparatos de vigilancia de las profundidades del mar. En el espacio funcionan generadores termoelectricos de plutonio-238 como fuentes de energia electrica del satelite TRANSIT de la Marina de los Estados Unidos. Se estan construyendo asimismo generadores para los proyectos espaciales de la National Aeronautics and Space Administration de dicho pais. La elevada radiactividad inherente a las fuentes radioisotopicas de energia exige que se preste especial atencion a la seguridad de las mismas. Se han establecido rigurosas normas de proteccion y se han ejecutado ensayos muy avanzados para poder emplear estos dispositivos sin originar riesgos inaceptables. (author) [Russian] Programma ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnykh izotopov v kachestve ehnergeticheskogo syr'ya, razrabotannaya Komissiej po atomnoj ehnergii SSHA, privela k sozdaniyu sovershenno novoj tekhnologii primeneniya radioizotopov v kachestve istochnikov ehnergii v generatorakh ehlektroehnergii. Sistema radioizotopnykh ehnergeticheskikh stantsij osobenno nuzhna tam, gde vvidu krajnej otdalennosti trebuyutsya dolgovechnye, nadezhnye i malogabaritnye silovye ustanovki. Sposobnye udovletvoritel'no funktsionirovat' v tyazhelykh usloviyakh, naprimer pri dejstvii temperatur, solnechnogo sveta i ehlektromagnitnogo izlucheniya, takie ''atomnye batarei'' yavlyayutsya zamanchivymi istochnikami ehnergii dlya ustanovok, sobirayushchikh informatsiyu na rasstoyanii, dlya upravlyayushchikh sistem, dlya iskustvennykh sputnikov i drugikh kosmicheskikh ob{sup e}ktov. Radioizotopy, primenyayushchiesya v kachestve goryuchego

A Low-Background Liquid-Scintlllation Counter for the Assay of Low-Specific Activity Tritiated Water; Compteur a scintillations a liquides, a faible mouvement propre, pour le dosage d'eau tritiee en faible activite specifique; ZHidkostnyj stsintillyatsionnyi schetchik s nizkim fonom dlya analiza nasyshchennoj tritiem vody s nizkoj udel'noj aktivnost'yu; Contador de centelleador liquido de reducida actividad de fondo para el analisis de agua pritiada de baja actividad especifica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boyce, I S; Cameron, J F [Wantage Research Laboratory, Wantage (United Kingdom)

1962-01-15

emana del fotocatodo del fotomultiplicador. Utilizando dos fotomultiplicadores con fotocatodos de pyrex en contacto, encerrados en un blindaje de hierro de 20 cm de espesor, hicieron experimentos para determinar la importancia relativa de las siguientes posibles causas de la actividad de fondo: a) Ionizacion y excitacion del gas residual y de las superficies del dinodo semiconductor, especialmente en las regiones en que la densidad de corriente es maxima; b) Formacion de chispas, electroluminiscencia y emision de campo; c) Realimentacion de iones positivos al fotocatodo, que provoca una emision de electrones, secundarios ; d) Funcionamiento de la propia ventana fotocatodica en caracter de ''fosforo'' para la radiacion cosmica, las particulas del {sup 40}K o las radiaciones de los productos de filiacion del uranio. Los autores comprobaron que, en particular, el factor c) interviene en una proporcion mucho menor que lo que se habia supuesto. Estudiaron metodos para reducir a un minimo estos efectos, incluyendo el uso de fotocatodos de cuarzo y fotomultiplicadores especiales. Con el dispositivo disenado por los autores, la minima actividad especifica detectable, con un tiempo de recuento de 30 min, asciende a 6 x 10{sup 7}{mu}c/ml. (author) [Russian] Pri schege zhidkostnykh stsintillyatsij nasytsennoj tritiem vody schetchiki s odnim fotoumnozhitelem i sistemy sovpadenij dayut pokazaniya sravnitel'noj chuvstvitel'nosti. Dlya issledovaniya scheta izlucheniya maloj intensivnosti byla primenena sistema sovpadenij dlya togo, chtoby izbezhat' neopredelennosti v fone, vyzyvaemom izmeneniemi odnogo fotona v rezul'tate fosforestsentsii i khimicheskoj lyuminestsentsii v rastvore. Bylo obnaruzheno, chto vozniknovenie fona v ehtoj sisteme ob{sup y}asnyaetsya glavnym obrazom dejstviem sveta, iskhodyashchego iz fotokatoda fotoumnozhitelya. Byli provedeny ksperimenty s primeneniem dvukh fotoumnozhitelej s fotokatodami Pireks v kontakte s zheleznym ehkranom tolshchinoj v 8 dyujmov dlv

Photoscanning; Photo-exploration; Fotoissledovanie; Fotoexploracion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bender, M A; Blau, M [Department of Radioisotope Research, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, NY (United States)

1959-07-01

contraste necesario para poder observar pequenos cambios en el indice de recuento. Existe la posibilidad de graduar el contraste y la ganancia del sistema de registro con arreglo a las necesidades clinicas. Un colimador de enfoque y un cristal de yoduro sodico de gran tamano proporcionan una elevada eficiencia, una resolucion satisfactoria y una sensibilidad adecuada en profundidad. Este instrumenta se ha utilizado con exito para la deteccion de tumores humanos en el cerebro, el higado y la tiroides. (author) [Russian] Issledovanie metodom izotopov pozvolyaet bez nane geniya travmy ustanavlivat' mestonakhozhdenie nekotorykh vidov opukholej v organizme cheloveka. Dlya polucheniya udovletvoritel'nogo graficheskogo izobrazheniya detektor dolzhen byt' v sostoyanii opredelyat' nebol'shie razlichiya mezhdu soderzhanii izotopov v zatronutoj i okruzhayushchej tkani, a takzhe registrirovat' ehti dannye v legko ponyatnoj forme. Krome togo, on dolzhen byt' dostatochno chuvstvitel'nym, chtoby mozhno bylo ego prisposoblyat' k razlichnym vstrechayushchimsya na praktike urovnyam radioaktivnosti i sushchestvuyushchim sootnosheniyam mezhdu bol'noj i okruzhayushchej tkan'yu. Tak kak izsledovanie s pomoshch'yu radioizotopov yavlyaetsya v osnovnom registratsionny m metodom diagnoza, obshchij koehffitsient ehffektivnosti schetchika dolzhen byt' dostatochno vysokim, chtoby vvodimaya radioaktivnost' ne prevyshala po vozmozhnosti minimal'nogo urovnya. Dlya ehtoj tseli byl skonstruirovan sootvetstvuyushchi j detektor. Sistema zapisi, osnovannaya na tom, chto napryazhenie v znachitel'noj mere otrazhaetsya na intensivnosti sveta, proizvodimogo vol'framovoj nit'yu, obespechivaet tot vysokij kontrast, kotoryj neobkhodim dlya ustanovleniya malejshikh izmenenij v skorosti scheta. EHtot kontrast i moshchnost' zapisyvayushchej sistemy mozhno regulirovat' i ehtim udovletvoryat' klinicheskim trebovaniyam. Fokusiruyushchi j kollimator i bol'shoj kristall iodistogo natriya (Nal) obespechivayut vysokuyu

100-Mc counting system; Ensemble de comptage a 100 megacycles; Schetnaya sistema na 100 megatsiklov; Sistema contador de 100 megaciclos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugarman, R; Higinbotham, W A; Yonda, A H [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Long Island, NY (United States)

1962-04-15

accionado por este. A fin de lograr un funcionamiento seguro y rapido, asi como una buena estabilidad respecto del tiempo y de la temperatura, se hicieron funcionar a los transistores con una ganancia de carga unidad, ya sea en conmutacion de corriente o en forma lineal como amplificador distribuido. Cada diodo ''tunel'' proporcionaba una ganancia adicional de conmutacion de carga comprendida entre 2 y 5 con la misma estabilidad y paso de banda que los transistores. Cada modulo esta construido para funcionar con una velocidad de contaje de 100 mega-impulsos por segundo. Los elevados ciclos de trabajo del sistema fueron posibles gracias a interconexiones de corriente continua formando los impulsos mediante doble linea de retardo para obtener una rapida recuperacion. Para velocidades de contaje de hasta 50 MHz no se preve ninguna perdida en el rendimiento del sistema. El discriminador basico tiene una sensibilidad graduable comprendida entre 2 y 10 mA con una salida acoplada en continua de 10 mA a potential de tierra. Los tiempos de elevacion y caida de la salida son de un ns; la anchura del impulso se regula mediante cables de retardo; el ciclo de trabajo maximo de salida es de 50% para una recuperacion de entrada del 95%. La inestabilidad en tiempo desde el umbral de activacion hasta tres veces dicho umbral es de 2 ns como maximo. Una version mas perfeccionada tiene una sensibilidad diez veces mayor. Esta dotada de un amplificador distribuido y de una cadena de conmutacion de 2 diodos tunel. Las caracteristicas de salida son identicas. Se examinaran igualmente otros sistemas logicos para discriminadores. La escala de 8 tiene circuitos binarios de diodos tunel. La primera de estas se dispara a traves de diodos ordinarios, lo que constituye una innovacion. (author) [Russian] Daetsya opisanie polnoj schetnoj sistemy na 100 megatsiklov dlya ispol'zovaniya v ehksperimentakh na uskoritelyakh. Dlya vsej vysokoskorostnoj logicheskoj sistemy ispol'zuetsya logicheskaya operatsiya

Reactor Physics Development for Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactors; Recherches en Physique des Reacteurs, pour des Reacteurs Perfectionnes Refroidis par un Gaz; Razrabotka metodov v oblasti reaktornoj fiziki dlya usovershenstvovannogo reaktora s gazovym okhlazhdeniem; Progresos de la Fisica de los Reactores de Tipo Avanzado Refrigerados por Gas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moore, J. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (United Kingdom)

1964-04-15

reshetki dlja reaktora AGR i proverki teoreticheskih metodov, razrabotannyh dlja geterogennyh aktivnyh zon reaktorov, ispol'zovalis' kriticheskaja ustanovka APEX i reaktor nulevoj moshhnosti HERO s obychnymi raspolozhenijami reshetok , i kombinacijami izmenjajushhih rabotu reaktora jelementov, naprimer regulirujushhih sterzhnej. Teoreticheskie metody, razrabotannye i primenjavshiesja do nastojashhego vremeni, izvestny kak ''getrekontrol'' i FTD2. Jeksperimenty imeli cel'ju podrobno proverit' osobennosti jetih metodov, i dlja opredelenija soglasovannogo mezhdu soboj rjada konstant reshetki, sootvetstvujushhih rezul'tatam jeksperimentov, byli proanalizirovany rezul'taty izmerenij, vypolnennyh na rjade ''reaktornyh'' aktivnyh zon razlichnogo razmera v ustanovkah APEX i HERO. Jeti chisto jempiricheskie konstanty byli zatem ispol'zovany v metodah getrekontrol' i FTD2 dlja uspeshnogo planirovanija vvoda v jekspluataciju i vybora vida nagruzki dlja Uindskejlskogo AGR. Daetsja ssylka na jeksperimental'nye metody, kotorye byli provereny ilj special'no razrabotany dlja reshenija vstretivshihsja problem. Osobyj interes predstavljajut metody, ispol'zovavshiesja dlja izmerenija jeffektov reaktivnosti v reaktorah APEX, HERO i AGR i dlja opredelenija dannyh tonkoj struktury i raspredelenija jenergij v slozhnyh toplivnyh sborkah. Osushhestvljaemye v nastojashhee vremja teoreticheskie raboty skoncentrirovany, glavnym obrazom, na razrabotke al'ternativnogo metoda v otnoshenii ''getrekontrolja'' i FTD2 dlja rascheta aktivnyh zon reaktora posle znachitel'nogo vygoranija topliva. Na jetom zhe budut skoncentrirovany raboty i v budushhem. Zadachej programmy jeksperimentov na ustanovke HERO javljaetsja ispytanie jetih metodov na slozhnyh aktivnyh zonah, vkljuchaja aktivnye zony s toplivom, proizvodjashhim plutonij. Dopolnitel'nye dannye o vlijanii plutonija bydut polucheny blagodarja jekspluatacii reaktora AGR i fizicheskim izmerenijam obluchennogo topliva. (author)

Amplitude-measuring devices for electric pulses in the nanosecond region; Dispositifs de mesure d'amplitude d'impulsions electriques dans le domaine de la nanoseconde; Pribory dlya izmereniya amplitudy ehlektricheskikh impul'sov v sfere nanosekundy; Dispositivos para medir la amplitud de los impulsos electricos en la region del nanosegundo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Samueli, J J; Sarazin, A [Institut d' Etudes Nucleaires d' Alger (France)

1962-04-15

amplitud maxima de impulsos rapidos. En general, estos circuitos deben poder dar una indicacion independiente, de ser posible, de la duracion y de la forma de la senal estudiada. El primer circuito es un alargador de impulsos, es decir un aparato que transforma las senales rapidas en impulsos de duracion constante y de amplitud proporcional a la amplitud inicial, y que, por tanto, permite estudiar las senales rapidas con un selector de amplitudes convencional. El circuito admite senales de duracion superior a 2 ns y de amplitud comprendida entre 1 y 15 V. Emite dos senales de duracion constante de 100 ns y de 1 {mu}s. El segundo circuito es un discriminador de amplitudes rapido, de umbral graduable entre 1 y 30 V y cuya desviacion de lectura para impulsos de 100 y de 2 ns de duracion es del orden de 18%. La senal de salida tiene una amplitud de 1,5 V y una duracion standard de 0,2 {mu}s. (author) [Russian] Daetsya opisanie dvukh ehlektronnykh priborov, dayushchikh vozmozhnost' proizvodit' izmerenie maksimal'noj amplitudy bystrykh impul'sov. V obshchem ot ehtikh priborov trebuyut predostavleniya, po vozmozhnosti, nezavisimoj indikatsii dlitel'nosti i formy izuchaemogo signala. Pervyj pribor predstavlyaet soboj rasshiritel' impul'sov, t.e ustanovku, kotoraya preobrazuet bystrye signaly v impul'sy postoyannoj shiriny i proportsional'noj amplitudy po sravneniyu s nuzhnoj amplitudoj i kotoraya poehtomu pozvolit izuchit' bystrye signaly pri pomoshchi obychnogo amplitudnogo selektora. Pribor prinimaet signaly shirinoj svyshe dvukh nanosekund, a amplituda kolebletsya mezhdu odnoj i 15 vol'tami. On daet dva signala postoyannoj shiriny v 100 nanosekund i v 1 {mu}s. Vtoroj pribor predstavlyaet iz sebya bystryj amplitudnyj diskriminator s reguliruyushchim porogom ot 1 do 30 vol't, i otschetnoe otklonenie kotorogo dlya impul'sov shirinoj v 100 i dve nanosekundy sostavlyaet 18%. Vykhodnoj signal imeet amplitudu v poltora vol'ta i standartnuyu shirinu v 0,2 {mu}s. (author)

Nuclear safety, international cooperation and perspectives of Bulgaria; Yadernaya bezopasnost`, mezhdunarodnoe sotrudnichestvo i perspektivy dlya Bolgarii

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yanev, Y

1996-12-31

The use of atomic energy in Bulgaria is under regulation since 1985 by the Atomic Energy Law. The main points of the Law are discussed and some deficiencies are pointed out. The ratification of the Vienna and Paris conventions has contributed to updating the legislation. The participation in international projects related to the use of atomic energy and nuclear safety in particular is revised. Future development of nuclear energy in Bulgaria depends mainly on successful reconstruction, modernization and safety enhancement of the Kozloduy NPP and development of a national grid of technical and consultant firms.

Electronic measuring system for a multipurpose neutron detection; Ehlektronnaya sistema dlya izmereniya s mnogotselevym nejtronnym detektorom

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Panteleev, Ts; Minkova, V; Drazhev, A; Kozhukharov, I [Inst. Yadernykh Issledovanij i Yadernoj Ehnergetiki Bolgarskoj Akademii Nauk, Sofiya (Bulgaria)

1996-12-31

Paper studies highly-efficient facility designed for recording of neutron multiple origination acts in different nuclear reactions and at spontaneous fission of {sup 252}Cf. The scale of channels for both coders reads to 0.5-64 mks. Minimal duration of delay constitutes 30 mcs. 4 refs.; 3 figs.

Oceanic hydraulic structures for developing a shelf. Issledovaniye morskikh gidrotekhnicheskikh sooruzheniy dlya osvoyenia sel'fa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Simakov, G.B.

1980-01-01

The anthology is devoted to practical problems of oceanic hydraulic engineering which arise during design and construction of specialized oceanic hydraulic structures to be erected and used in the shelf zones of seas and oceans. Most of the articles deal with studying the external effect of rough waters, impacts from ships and ice floes on floating and stationary hydraulic structures for developing a shelf. A great deal of attention is also given to the hydrodynamic and anchoring of floating hydraulic structures. The information reflects the current status of the problems of designing and building production facilities for developing a continental shelf.

The luminescent chamber and its use in high-energy physics experiments; La chambre a luminescence: son emploi dans les experiences de physique des hautes energies; Lyuminestsentnaya kamera i ee ispol'zovanie v ehksperimentakh, provodimykh v fizike vysokikh ehnergij; La camara luminiscente y su empleo en experimentos de fisica de elevada energia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jones, L W; Perl, M L [Randall Laboratory of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

1962-04-15

nablyudeniya rasseyannogo pi-mezona, a drugoj - dlya nablyudeniya protona otdachi, poluchennogo v rezul'tate bombardirovaniya misheni, pokrytoj zhidkim vodorodom. Stsintillyatsionnye schetchiki otbirali dlya zapisi lish' pochti koplanarnye yavleniya, odnako okonchatel'nymi kriteriyami uprugogo rasseyaniya byli kinematicheskie dannye zapisyvaemykh sledov. V kazhdom iz trekh sluchajnykh pi-mezonnykh momentov moshchnost'yu do 2,5 MeV/c bylo sfotografirovano do 1000 sluchaev uprugogo rasseyaniya. Vo vtorom ehksperimente dlya nablyudeniya ostanovki protonov otdachi, voznikayushchikh v rezul'tate neuprugogo rasseyaniya pi-mezona (poluchenie odnogo pi-mezona) v trekh sluchajnykh momentakh dvizheniya pi-mezona, ispol'zovalsya odin blok stsintillyatorov razmerom 10 x 10 x 20 kubicheskikh santimetrov. I zdes' bylo zapisano neskol'ko tysyach yavlenij. Diapazon i ugol rasseyaniya protona otdachi pozvolili opredelit' moment peredachi i tsentr massy ehnergii sistemy di-pi-mezona, kotorye v dannom sluchae predstavlyali srotvetstvuyushchie kinematicheskie parametry. Pri provedenii ehtikh ehksperimentov za schet propuskaniya cherez vtoruyu trubku s perenosom izobrazheniya signala, iskhodyashchego iz ehlektronnogo stsintillyatsionnogo schetchika, byli dostignuty p u s k posle yavleniya i vremennaya razreshayushchaya sposobnost' v techenii pyati mikrosekund. V dannom doklade obsuzhdayutsya ideya i uspeshnoe vypolnenie ehtikh ehksperimentov, prichem osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya sootvetstvuyushchim detalyam trubok s perenosom izobrazheniya, stsintillyatsionnym schetchikam i ehlektronnym sistemam. Nakoplen takzhe opyt po analizu fotografij sledov i, osobenno, opyt v otnoshenii vozmozhnoj tochnosti i nadezhnosti poluchaemykh takim obrazom fizicheskikh dannykh. V zaklyuchenie rassmatrivaetsya dal'nejshee razvitie lyuminestsentnoj kamery s uchetom tekushchej raboty, kotoraya provoditsya s usilitelyami yarkosti izobrazheniya i stsintillyatorami. Analiziruetsya rol' lyuminestsentnoj kamery v budushchikh

La dematerializzazione contemporanea delle superfici: da elementi di delimitazione a membrane di commutazione.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina Mattiucci

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Quattro anni fa Paul Virilio scriveva "Città panico" definendo la città contemporanea come “la più grande catastrofe del ventesimo secolo”. La sua analisi fa riferimento alle conseguenze sia politiche che spaziali di una velocità del progresso tecnologico e scientifico che aveva raggiunto ritmi così elevati da vanificare il senso stesso di quella sovranità territoriale che dava consistenza e materia allo stato di diritto. Lo stato sarebbe ora sospeso in una sorta di alla massa e all’energia – della materia. In un processo di continua dematerializzazione della “assenza di gravità”cinematica dominata dall’informazione, quale terza dimensione – oltre sostanza urbana sotto l’effetto dei nuovi media, sostiene Virilio, la prevalenza della natura effimera dell’informazione sconvolge i nostri stessi parametri di percezione del mondo, presentato, piuttosto che rappresentato, attraverso le interfacce che accessoriano le nostre vite, secondo riferimenti alterati da una vera e propria guerra al reale ad opera della comunicazione audiovisiva.

Ispitivanje pogodnosti za održavanje elektronskih uređaja / Demonstration and verification of the maintainability of electronic devices

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dragan Ćosović

2003-11-01

Full Text Available Ispitivanje pogodnosti za održavanje, u toku razvoja uređaja, sastavni je deo Programa i plana pogodnosti za održavanje. U toku ispitivanja proveravaju se kvantitativni i kvalitativni parametri pogodnosti za održavanje. Ispitivanje kvantitativnih parametara vrši se primenom određenih statističkih metoda. U radu je dat primer primene statističkih metoda za ispitivanje pogodnosti za korektivno održavanje jednog elektronskog uređaja i analizirani su rezultati ispitivanja. / The demonstration and verification of maintainability during the development of a device is an integral part of the Maintainability Plan and Programme. During the demonstration and verification, the quantitative and qualitative parameters of maintainability are checked. The demonstration and verification of the maintainability parameters are done by applying certain statistical methods. An example of applying a statistical methods for testing the maintainability of corrective maintenance of radio is given in the work and the results of the demonstration and verification are analyzed.

Analiza efikasnosti funkcionalnih radio-komunikacionih centara / The efficiency analysis of functional radio communication centers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Saša M. Devetak

2008-10-01

Full Text Available U radu je prikazan jedan pristup u analizi efikasnosti radio-komunikacionih centara funkcionalnog telekomunikacionog sistema, kao što je vojni sistem veza. Radio-komunikacioni centar modelovan je kao sistem masovnog opsluživanja. Opisana su stanja sistema i parametri i izveden izraz za određivanje verovatnoće opsluživanja radio-komunikacionog centra, kao kriterijuma za ocenu efikasnosti. Predstavljen je, takođe, model, odnosno izrazi za kvantitativnu analizu efikasnosti radio- komunikacionih centara u uslovima elektronskih dejstava. / One approach in the analysis of efficiency of radio communication centers of functional telecommunication systems (for example Military Systems has been shown in this article. A radio communication centre has been presented as a model of mass service systems. The system states and its parameters have been described as well as the resulting formula for determining service probability as a criterion for efficiency evaluation. A model and the formulae for quantitative analysis of efficiency in electronic warfare have been presented as well.

Comparing long term energy scenarios; Scenari energetici di lungo termine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cumo, M.; Simbolotti, G. [Rome Univ. La Sapienza, Rome (Italy)

2001-02-01

Major projection studies by international organizations and senior analysts have been compared with reference to individual key parameters (population, energy demand/supply, resources, technology, emissions and global warming) to understand trends and implications of the different scenarios. Then, looking at the long term (i.e., 2050 and beyond), parameters and trends have been compared together to understand and quantify whether and when possible crisis or market turbulence might occur due to shortage of resources or environmental problems. [Italian] Viene presentato un confronto degli scenari energetici di lungo termine formulati dalle agenzie internazionali e dai maggiori analisti del settore con particolare riferimento alla evoluzione di specifici parametri quali sviluppo demografico, domanda e offerta di energia, risorse energetiche, sviluppo tecnologico, emissioni e relativi cambiamenti climatici. L'evoluzione e l'interdipendenza dei singoli aspetti vengono analizzate al fine di individuare la possibile evenienza di crisi o turbolenze dei mercati energetici indotte da carenza di risorse o da problemi ambientali.

Multidisciplinary treatment of cancer of uterine cervix, (2)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kasamatsu, Tatsuhiro; Sonoda, Takahiko; Tanemura, Kenjiro; Ohmi, Kazuo; Matsumoto, Yoshi

1981-01-01

Okabayashi's extensive panhysterectomy is used for cancer of uterine cervix in Japan, and the rate of its practice was 45.6% at the National Cancer Center (1962 - 73, stage 1 - 4 cases). Cancer death within 5 years occurred in 92.3% of the total deaths, and the total surgical deaths did not exceed 1%. Postoperative irradiation was performed in cases with lymph node metastasis, those with parametrial invasion and those with deep primary lesions. Intravaginal irradiation was sometimes performed in cases of insufficient vaginal excision. Therefore, the 5-year survival rate of postoperatively irradiated cases was 71.4%, and that of non-irradiated cases 93.7%. The 5-year survival rate of all cases of adenocarcinoma including irradiated cases was 44.7%. Since the effect of irradiation was not so promising, postoperative irradiation with fast neutrons is performed in adenocarcinoma cases with metastasis and/or infiltration. Effect of combination with chemotherapy has been poor. The indication of less surgery for early cases is under examination. (Chiba, N.)

Material flow evaluation procedure for an integrated system in an optimal territorial range; Procedura per la valutazione dei flussi di materia di un sistema integrato in un ambito territoriale ottimale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Florio, G.; Giordano, R.; Greco, G.; Prete, C. [Arcavacata di Rende Univ. della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, CS (Italy). Dipt. di Meccanica

2000-06-01

The procedure illustrated in this paper defines the parameters to be considered for a credible temporal estimate Solid Urban Waste, the object of disposal in a generic Integrated System. Application to an Optima Territorial Range of the Calabria region allowed the attainable results that make up the starting datum to plan the main subsystems involved to be pointed out. Moreover, the strategic role of the objectives of Differentiated Collection and their temporal trend is confirmed. [Italian] La procedura illustrata nel presente lavoro definisce i parametri da considerare per una stima attendibile nel tempo dei RSU (Rifiuti Solidi Urbani) oggetto di smaltimento in un generico Sistema Integrato. L'applicazione ad un Ambito Territoriale Ottimale della Regione Calabria ha permesso di evidenziare i risultati ottenibili che costituiscono il dato di partenza per il dimensionamento dei principali sottosistemi coinvolti. E' inoltre confermato il ruolo strategico degli obiettivi di Raccolta Differenziata e dal loro andamento temporale.

Onde elettromagnetiche

CERN Document Server

Toraldo di Francia, Giuliano

1988-01-01

Prefazione: "L'opera "Onde Elettromagnetiche" di Giuliano Toraldo di Francia vide la luce per i tipi della Casa Editrice Zanichelli nel lontano 1953. Tradotta ben presto in inglese e in giapponese, ha incontrato il favore di varie generazioni di studenti universitari e un apprezzamento dei docenti che non sembra ancora estinto. Ma è evidente che in trentacinque anni tante cose, troppe cose sono avvenute in quel campo di studio, per poter pensare che oggi il vecchio libro non presenti cospicue lacune. Ed è proprio a colmare tali lacune che ci siamo dedicati nell'elaborare il presente volume, pur conservando quasi tutto il materiale che aveva dato buona prova nel suo progenitore. La mole è inevitabilmente raddoppiata; eppure siamo ben lungi dall'avere esaurito un dominio così vasto, né ci eravamo proposti di farlo. Quello che presentiamo è il frutto di una scelta ragionata. Abbiamo ritenuto opportuno ampliare la parte sulle onde piane (con l'introduzione dei parametri di Stokes, e dei concetti di velocit�...

Příprava DNA v kvalitě vhodné pro polymerázovou řetězovou reakci

OpenAIRE

Čuta, Robert

2011-01-01

Bakterie mléčného kvašení (BMK) jsou ve velké míře využívány v potravinářském průmyslu například při výrobě mléčných výrobků, sýrů a fermentovaných salámů, dále se využívají ke konzervaci zeleniny. Kromě průmyslového využití jsou u BMK důležité i mikrobiologické parametry. Při identifikaci bakteriálních rodů se v poslední době velmi často využívají metody založené na izolaci a amplifikaci DNA. Diplomová práce se zabývá optimalizací lyze bakteriálních buněk rodu Lactobacillus. Jako první byla ...

Návrh ochrany před bleskem pro rodinný dům

OpenAIRE

Tesař, Luděk

2012-01-01

Tato práce popisuje pravidla návrhu ochrany před bleskem pro objekty občanské výstavby. Cílem této práce je poskytnout ucelený pohled na základní pravidla návrhu ochrany před bleskem. Samotnému návrhu předchází podrobnější seznámení s poměrně rozsáhlou problematikou v této oblasti. Úvodní část práce je zaměřena na přiblížení požadavků platných technických norem a legislativy. V druhé kapitole se práce zabývá bleskem obecně, dále bleskovým proudem a jeho parametry. Následující část je zaměřena...

Computer codes application to evaluate comparative analysis of environmental compatibility between waste treatment plants and site characterization of Matera (southern Italy); Applicazioni del codice di calcolo SITEVAL per l'analisi della compatibilita' ambientale degli impianti di smaltimento e recupero dei rifiuti alle discariche non controllate presenti nella provincia di Matera

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cautilli, F.; Musmeci, F.; Tassoni, E. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Rome (Italy). Dipt. Ambiente

1998-07-01

The report presents the software SITEVAL aimed at tackling the comparative analysis of environmental compatibility between waste treatment plants and hosting areas. The SITEVAL application for non-monitored urban waste landfills in the province of Matera (southern Italy) is showed with the objective to identify the more relevant environmental components in such landfills. [Italian] L'articolo illustra il codice di calcolo SITEVAL utilizzato per analisi comparative di compatibilita' ambientale di impianti di smaltimento di rifiuti con i siti che li ospitano e poi riporta l'applicazione del codice nella situazione della provincia di Matera riguardo allo smaltimento non controllato di rifiuti solidi urbani e alla individuazione delle componenti ambientali piu' sensibili alla presenza di tali discariche nel territorio. Il codice ha permesso di stilare graduatorie di compatibilita' delle discariche non controllate e di definire l'interdipendenza dei risultati dalla scelta dei parametri di input del programma.

Měření přijímače pro pozemní digitální televizi DVB-T

OpenAIRE

Kobza, Jaromír

2010-01-01

Tato práce se zabývá rozborem a úpravami přijímače digitálního televizního vysílání set-top box. Je zaměřena na jeho vlastnosti, parametry a měření. Důležitým prvkem je možnost analýzy právě zobrazovaného paralelního transportního toku a řešení tohoto problému. Důkladně je zde rozebrán princip tuneru a jeho měření. Objevují se zde snímky osciloskopu v jednotlivých místech řetězce pro zobrazení na TV přijímači. Set-top box je upraven pro požadavky měření ve školní laboratoři a doplněn o výstup...

Modelování a řízení leteckých proudových motorů

OpenAIRE

Voda, Tomáš

2017-01-01

Tato práce se zabývá popisem leteckých motorů, jejich požadavky na řízení a možnostmi řízení těchto motorů. V praktické části byl vytvořen model motoru Jetcat P80-SE. Tento model byl poté ověřen vůči reálnému motoru, kdy byly změřeny reálné otáčky a teplota motoru. Tyto parametry byly následně porovnány se simulovanými otáčkami a teplotou. Díky danému porovnání můžeme říci, že se povedlo vytvořit model motoru, který odpovídá reálnému motoru. Dále byl v práci navrhnut regulátor otáček tak, aby...

Výložník kombinovaného skládkového stroje

OpenAIRE

Štursa, Martin

2013-01-01

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá konstrukcí částí kombinovaného skládkového stroje určeného pro obsluhu skládky hnědého uhlí u uhelné elektrárny. Nejprve jsou nadefinovány základní parametry stroje a silové účinky zatěžující stroj během provozu. Práce dále obsahuje návrh ocelové konstrukce kolesového výložníku, kolesa, korečků, pohonu kolesa, hřídele, ložisek a dalších částí kolesového výložníku. Tyto součásti jsou ověřeny analytickými nebo konečnoprvkovými výpočty. This master’s thesis deal...

'Sidun' e 'Creuza de mâ' di Fabrizio De André (1940–1999. La svolta etnica del cantautore genovese attraverso l’analisi di due canzoni esemplari

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vanna Lovato

2014-01-01

Full Text Available L’album Creuza de mâ (1984 di Fabrizio De André, composto e registrato grazie alla fondamentale collaborazione del musicista Mauro Pagani, rappresenta un unicum nella storia della canzone italiana, ed è più in generale un buon esempio di canzone d’autore moderna rielaborata secondo parametri musicali e linguistici diversi dagli standard della canzone di consumo tipici dell’epoca in cui l’album venne pubblicato, anticipando di quasi un decennio in Italia la moda della cosiddetta world music. Pur confermandosi ad oggi uno dei migliori esempi di ‘contaminazione’ tra canzone popolare –– rappresentata qui dall’uso del dialetto genovese –– e tradizione musicale mediterranea , nel 1984 il disco fu accolto in modo tiepido dal pubblico , ma ottenne  subito il plauso della critica e di molti colleghi ed estimatori, italiani e non; ricordiamo, tra gli altri, gli apprezzamenti fatti nel corso degli anni dal musicista inglese David Byrne.

Radiotracer Approaches to Carbamate Insecticide Toxicology; Emploi des radio indicateurs pour l'etude de la toxicologie des insecticides a base de carbamates; Primenenie radioaktivnykh indikatorov dlya izucheniya toksikologii karbamatnykh insektitsidov; Estudio con radioindicadores de la toxico logia de los insecticidas a base de carbamatos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Casida, J. E. [University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

1963-09-15

5-[3-metil-2-dimetilcarbamil]- pirazolina) y un compuesto comparable indican tambien que el ataque oxidante forma derivados N-metilo y N-metilol. Faltan todavia muchos datos sobre la relacion entre esas reacciones de desintaxicacion y el mecanismo de resistencia, la accion de las sustancias sinergicas, la toxicidad selectiva de este grupo de insecticidas, y la naturaleza y el significado de los residuos. Es probable tambien que el metabolismo del Sevin inyectado en las plantas sea oxidativo mas que hidrolitico, pero no se ha establecido todavia la naturaleza de los productos y el mecanismo enzimatico. (author) [Russian] Metilkarbamaty yavlyayutsya odnoj iz glavnykh grupp insektitsidov. Mnogie nerazreshennye problemy toksikologii ehtikh veshchestv mogut byt' legko izucheny pri pomoshchi radioaktivnykh indikatorov. Byli izgotovleny N, N-dimetidkarbamaty, karbonilovaya gruppa kotorykh metilas' C{sup 14}, a takzhe N-metilkar- bamaty, metilovaya, karbonilovaya gruppa i kbl'tsa kotorykh byli mecheny C{sup 14}. Farmakologicheskoe dejstvie ehtikh slozhnykh soedinenij, veroyatno, svyazano s tormozheniem atsetilkholinesteraehy i mozhet vklyuchat' karbamilatsiyu. Mechenie karbonilovoj ili metilovoj gruppy karbamatov daet vozmozhnost' v ikh reaktsiyakh s ochishchennoj kholinesterazoj ili s drugimi ehsterazami kriticheski izuchit' reaktsiyu karbamida tsii, a takzhe legkost' samoproizvol'noj ili vyzvannoj reaktivatsii ili dekarbamilatsii. Fiziologicheskoe znachenie tormozheniya kholinesterazy mozhet byt' izucheno pri pomoshchi vvedeniya mechennogo C{sup 14} atsetata i analiza mechenogo atsetilkholina, nakopivshegosya v nervnykh tkanyakh, ili zhe putem ispol'zovaniya atsetil-C{sup 14}-kholina v kachestve substrata dlya opredeleniya In vitro stepeni tormozheniya kholiya- esterazy v tkanyakh otravlennykh zhivotnykh pri minimal'nom rastvorenii vo vremya analiza ingibitorov i fermentov.Nekotorye'uspekhi byli dostignuty pri pomoshchi mechennykh radioizotopami veshchestv v issledovanii

A Technique of Culturing the Olive Fly, Dacus Oleae Gmel., on Synthetic Media Under Xenic Conditions; Methode d'elevage de la mouche de l'olive Dacus Oleae Gmel., en xenie sur milieux synthetiques; Metodika ksenicheskoj kul'tivatsii maslinnoj mukhi Dacus Oleae na sinteticheskoj srede; Una tecnica de cria de la mosca del olivo (Dacus Oleae Gmel.) en un medio sintetico en condiciones xenicas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hagen, K. S.; Santas, L.; Tsecouras, A. [Agricultural College of Athens. Athens (Greece)

1963-09-15

qui a ete mis au point permet l'elevage en masse, mais il faudrait proceder a de nouvelles recherches pour decouvrir une methode plus rapide pour placer les oeufs sur ce milieu. Il faudrait perfectionner les inhibiteurs de moisissure et mettre au point d'autres milieux d'un prix de revient moins eleve. (author) [Spanish] Se han criado cinco generaciones de Dacus oleae en un medio a base de agar y de zanahoria deshidratada que contenia un hidrolizado enzimatico de proteinas de soja o de caseina, levadura de cerveza, cloruro de colina y aceite de oliva. Aunque la tecnica de cria es xenica, se ha tratado de controlar quimicamente el desarrollo de los microorganismos. Una especie bacteriana ha reemplazado el simbiota normal del D. oleae y su presencia parecia indispensable, pero se han criado dos generaciones de D. oleae sin bacteria alguna en los lugares que el simbiota caracteristico ocupa normalmente en la larva o en el adulto. Para evitar la infeccion bacteriana de los huevos se anade ahora estreptomicina al alimento de los adultos. El desarrollo de las larvas y el tamano y la reproduccion de los insectos son normales. El medio preparado para las larvas permite la cria en masa, pero seria necesario efectuar nuevas investigaciones a fin de descubrir un metodo mas rapido para colocar los huevos en ese medio. Tambien convendria estudiar nuevos anticriptogamicos y encontrar productos que permitieran preparar un medio menos costoso. (author) [Russian] D. oleae kul'tivirovali na srede agar-obezvozhennaya morkov', soderzhashchej ehnzimaticheskij gidroliehat soevogo ili kazeinovogo belka, pivnye drozhi, khlorid kholina i olivkovoe maslo. Nesmotrya na ksenicheskuyu metodiku kul'tivatsii, sdelana popytka kontrolirovat' mikroorganizmy khimicheskimi sredstvami. Bakterial'nye raznovidnosti zamenyali vnutri D. oleae normal'nyj simbiot, chto, kak polagali, yavlyalos' vazhnym dlya sokhraneniya vida. Odnako u dvukh pokolenij D. oleae ne obnaruzheno kakikh-libo bakterij v uchastkakh

New apparatus for discriminating shapes - application to the study of neutron-proton elastic scattering at 14.6 MeV; Nouveau dispositif de discrimination de formes - Application a l'etude de la diffusion elastique neutron-proton a 14,6 MeV; Novyj diskriminator po forme - primenenie k izucheniyu uprugogo rasseyaniya nejtronproton s 14,6 MeV; Nuevo dispositivo para discriminacion de formas - Aplicacion al estudio de la dispersion elastica neutron-proton a 14,6 MeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Crettez, J P; Cambou, F; Ambrosino, G [Laboratoire Maurice de Broglie, Paris (France)

1962-04-15

impulsions dues aux rayons {gamma} permet de deduire des spectres obtenus la variation de la section efficace differentielle de diffusion elastique en fonction de l'angle pour les neutrons de la reaction d-t. [Spanish] La vida media de los centelleos en el yoduro de cesio varia segun la naturaleza de la particula ionizante. La vida mas corta corresponde a la densidad de ionizacion mas elevada. Los autores aprovechan esta propiedad para distinguir entre si particulas que producen centelleos de amplitud analoga. El aparato descrito es un discriminador de forma de impulsos. Mide el tiempo que tarda el centelleo en pasar de su maximo a una fraccion regulable de dicha amplitud. Un convertidor de tiempo-amplitud produce un impulso cuya amplitud es proporcional al tiempo medido de este modo. La memoria compara las configuraciones de los centelleos producidos por las particulas alfa, los protones y los electrones, y presenta los resultados obtenidos. Tambien describe la aplicacion de este metodo a la medicion de los protones de retroceso que pone en movimiento un flujo de neutrones en un difusor hidrogenado de poco espesor. La supresion de los impulsos debidos a los rayos gamma permite calcular, a partir de los espectros obtenidos, la variacion de la seccion eficaz diferencial de dispersion elastica en funcion del angulo para los neutrones de la reaccion d-t. (author) [Russian] Srednyaya prodolzhitel'nost' zhizni stsintillyatsij v jodistom tsezii menyaetsya v zavisimosti ot kharaktera ioniziruyushchej chastitsy. Samoj vysokoj plotnosti ionizatsii sootvetstvuet samaya korotkaya prodolzhitel'nost' zhizni. EHto svojstvo ispol'zuetsya dlya obnaruzheniya razlichnykh chastits, dayushchikh stsintillyatsii analogichnoj amplitudy. Opisyvaemyj pribor yavlyaetsya diskriminatorom po forme. On izmeryaet vremya, zatrachivaemoe stsintillyatsiej dlya perekhoda ot svoego maksimuma do upravlyaemoj chasti ehtoj amplitudy. Vremya-amplitudnyj preobrazovatel' daet impul's, vysota kotorogo proportsional

The Use of Prestressed Concrete Vessels in the French Power Reactor Programme; Les caissons en beton precontraint dans le programme francais des reacteurs de puissance; Korpusy iz predvaritel'no napryazhennogo betona vo frantsuzskoj programme ehnergeticheskikh reaktorov; Empleo de recipientes de presion de hormigon pretensado en el programa frances de reactores de potencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Conte, F. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Marcoule (France); Dambrine, C. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses (France); Gaussot, D. [Electricite de France, Clamart (France)

1963-10-15

de la pression de service et de toutes manieres, une augmentation notable des dimensions, ce qui permet d'envisager des solutions du type integre. (author) [Spanish] G3 de Marcoule y en el reactor EDF3, en construccion en Chinon. Los reactores se encuentran en servicio desde 1959 y 1960, respectivamente; el Comissariat a l'energie atomique indica los problemas que ha planteado la construccion de los recipientes de presion y las observaciones efectuadas durante el funcionamiento de los reactores, que ponen de manifiesto la gran seguridad de los mencionados recipientes. La construccion del recipiente de presion del reactor EDF3, que comenzo en Chinon en el segundo semestre de 1961, prosigue actualmente y quedara terminada a fines de 1963. L'Electricite de France expone los motivos de la eleccion de este tipo de recipiente, los resultados de los calculos y de los ensayos efectuados con maquetas, asi como los problemas planteados por sir construccion. Se han llevado a cabo varios estudios sobre las perspectivas del empleo del hormigon pretensado en los reactores. Al parecer, este material permite obtener un aumento de la presion de trabajo y de todas maneras, un incremento notable de las dimensiones, lo que a su vez permite tomar en consideracion soluciones de tipo integrado. (author) [Russian] Izlagaetsya vopros o primenenii predvaritel'no napryazhennogo betona dlya reaktorov G.2 i G.3 v Markule i dlya stroyashchegosya v Shinone reaktora EDF.3. Reaktory dostigli mosnosti sootvetstvenno v 1959 i 1960 godakh; KAEH otmechaet problemy, kotorye voznikli v protsesse stroitel'stva korpusa reaktora, i izlagaet filosofiyu nablyudenij, kotorye prodemonstrirovali vysokuyu bezopasnost' ehtikh ustanovok. K stroitel'stvu korpusa reaktora EDF.3 v SHinone pristupili vo vtoroj polovine 1961 goda; stroitel'stvo budet zaversheno k kontsu 1963 goda. ''Ehlektrisite de Frans'' ob{sup y}asnyaet prichiny vybora takogo korpusa, privodit rezul'taty raschetov i provedennykh na makete ispytanij, a

Comparison of high dose rate (HDR) and low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy in the treatment of stage IIIB cervix cancer with radiation therapy alone. The preliminary results

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Trippe, Nivaldo; Novaes, P.E.; Ferrigno, R.; Pellizzon, A.C.; Salvajoli, J.V.; Fogaroli, R.C.; Maia, M.A.C.; Baraldi, H.E.

1996-01-01

Purpose/Objective: To compare the results between HDR and LDR brachytherapy in the treatment of stage IIIB cervix cancer with radiation therapy alone through a prospective and randomized trial. Materials and Methods: From September 1992 to December 1993, 65 patients with stage IIIB cervical cancer were randomized to one of the following treatment schedule according to the brachytherapy used to complement the dose of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT): 1 - High dose rate (HDR) - 36 patients - 4 weekly insertions of 6,0 Gy at point A 2 - Low dose rate (LDR) - 29 patients - 2 insertions two weeks apart of 17,5 Gy at point A The External Beam radiotherapy was performed through a Linac 4MV, in box arrangement for whole pelvis and in AP-PA fields for parametrial complementation of dose. The dose at the whole pelvis was 45 Gy in 25 fractions of 1,8 Gy and the parametrial dose was 16 Gy. The brachytherapy was realized with Fletcher colpostats and intrauterine tandem, in both arms. The HDR brachytherapy was realized through a Micro-Selectron device, working with Iridium-192 with initial activity of 10 Ci and started ten days after the beginning of EBRT. The total treatment time was shortened in two weeks for this group. The LDR brachytherapy started only after the end of EBRT. Results: With the minimum follow up of 24 months and medium of 31 months, the disease free survival was 50% among the 36 patients in HDR group and 47,8% among the 29 patients in LDR group. Local failures occurred in 50% and 52,8% respectively. Grade I and II complications were restricted to rectites and cistites and the incidence of them was 8,3% for HDR group and 13% for LDR group. Until the time of evaluation there were no grade III complications in any group. Conclusions: Although the number of patients is small and the time of follow up still short, these preliminary results suggest that the HDR brachytherapy has an equivalent efficiency in local control as the LDR in the treatment of stage IIIB

Pulse-amplitude multipliers using logarithmic amplitude-to-time conversion; Amplificateurs d'impulsions utilisant une conversion logarithmique temps-amplitude; Ob umnozhitelyakh amplitudy impul'sov s ispol'zovaniem logarifmicheskogo preobrazovaniya amplitudy vo vremya; Multiplicadores de amplitud de impulso usando una conversion logaritmica de amplitud en tiempo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Konrad, M [Institut Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Yugoslavia (Croatia)

1962-04-15

The accuracy and limitations of multipliers based on logarithmic amplitude-to-time conversion using RC pulse stretchers are discussed with respect to their application for determining whether the amplitude product of two coincident pulses has a given value. Some possible circuits are given. (author) [French] L'auteur etudie la precision et les limitations des amplificateurs fondes sur la conversion logarithmique temps-amplitude et utilisant des allongeurs d'impulsions RC, afin d'etablir si ces appareils peuvent servir a determiner la valeur du produit des amplitudes de deux impulsions coincidentes. Il decrit en outre plusieurs circuits possibles. (author) [Spanish] La memoria discute la precision y limitaciones de los multiplicadores basados en la conversion logaritmica de amplitud en tiempo empleando circuitos alargadores de resistencia-capacidad en relacion con su aplicacion para determinar si el producto de las amplitudes de dos impulsos coincidentes tiene un valor determinado. Indica algunos circuitos posibles. (author) [Russian] Obsuzhdayutsya predel pogreshnosti i ogranicheniya umnozhitelej, osnovannykh na logarifmicheskom preobrazovanii amplitudy vo vremya, s ispol'zovaniem rasshiritelej impul'sov RC; ehto delaetsya v svyazi s ikh primeneniem dlya vyyasneniya voprosa o tom, imeet li opredelennuyu velichinu proizvedenie amplitud dvukh sovpadayushchikh impul'sov. Privodyatsya nekotorye vozmozhnye blok-skhemy. (author)

New processing techniques for radioisotopes at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Production de radioisotopes: nouvelles techniques employees au Laboratoire national d'Oak Ridge; Novye tekhnologicheskie metody polucheniya radioizotopov v Okridzhskoj natsional'noj laboratorii; Nuevos metodos de preparacion de radioisotopos aplicados en el Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Butler, T A; Lamb, E; Rupp, A F [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1962-01-15

combinacion de procedimientos de precipitacion y de extraccion con disolventes, se han podido recuperar cantidades de tecnecio-99 del orden de algunos gramos, a partir de desechos de productos de fision. La pureza quimica del tecnecio obtenido es superior al 99,9%, en tanto que su pureza radioquimica sobrepasa el 99.99%. Trabajando tambien con vestigios, se ha demostrado la posibilidad de separar y purificar por extraccion continua pequenas cantidades de estroncio contenidas en otros materiales. Se obtuvo estroncio de 98% de pureza a partir de un material contaminado por un 95% de calcio inerte. El estroncio se transforma en titanato de estroncio, con el que se elaboran elementos ceramicos. (author) [Russian] Novejshaya progressivnaya programma proizvodstva radioizotopov v Okridzhskoj natsional'noj laboratorii vklyuchaet novye tekhnologicheskie protsessy i uluchsheniya ikh dlya proizvodstva tseriya-144, prometiya-147, tekhnetsiya-99 i strontsiya-90. TSerij-144 byl proizveden v kolichestve neskol'kikh kilokyuri pri probnoj postanovke proizvodstva. Produkt byl rekuperirovan bolee chem na 98 protsentov pri chistote produkta svyshe 99 protsentov. Posle ehtogo tserij byl obrabotan dlya polucheniya chistoj okisi tseriya-144 v vide poroshka s kontsentratsiej aktivnosti v 235 kyuri na gramm. Poroshok spressovyvalsya v tabletki, kotorye spekalis' v vide plotnogo keramicheskogo tela. Prometij-147 byl proizveden v kolichestve neskol'kikh kilokyuri po metodu osazhdeniya sovmestno s metodom ionnogo obmena. Dlya otdeleniya prometiya-147 ot drugikh redkikh zemel' byl isprobovan v masshtabe indikatorov metod izvlecheniya rastvoritelem. Iz produktov deleniya v stoke otkhodnykh materialov bylo rekuperirovano neskol'ko grammov tekhnetsiya-99 pri pomoshchi protsessa osazhdeniya sovmestno s protsessom izvlecheniya rastvoritelem. Tekhnetsij byl poluchen bolee chem s 99,9-protsentnoj khimicheskoj chistotoj i s radiokhimicheskoj chistotoj bolee chem 99,99%. V masshtabe indikatorov byla dokazana

Preparation of Films and Sources for 4{pi} Counting; Prigotovlenie dlya 4{pi}-scheta plenok i istochnikov

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Konstantinov, A. A.; Sazonova, T. E. [Vsesojuznyj Nauchno - Isledovatel' skij Institut Im. D.I. Mendeleeva, Leningrad, SSSR (Russian Federation)

1967-03-15

To obtain a high degree of accuracy in determining the specific activity of sources by the absolute counting of particles with a 4{pi} counter, attention must be paid to the preparation of the radioactive sources. At the Mendeleev Institute of Metrology, celluloid films (surface density 8-10 {mu}/cm{sup 2}) coated on both sides with gold (10-15 {mu}g/cm{sup 2} ) or palladium (5-6 {mu}g/cm{sup 2}) are used as the bases of the radioactive sources. In order to reduce the correction for absorption of beta particles in the radioactive deposit, the base is specially treated with insulin. The authors present an extremely sensitive and effective method, employing the electron-capture nuclide {sup 54}Mn ({sup 54}Cr), for determining the uniform distribution of the active layer over the entire insulintreated surface. A solution of {sup 54}Mn ({sup 54}Cr) salt was applied to the insulin-tteated film, and the source of {sup 54}Cr ({sup 54}Mn) Auger K electrons thus obtained was investigated with the help of a proportional 4{pi} counter. The total number of {sup 54}Cr ({sup 54}Mn) Auger K electrons from the source was 8-12% less than the fluorescence coefficient (calculated from the number of {sup 54}Cr ({sup 54}Mn) K X-quanta emitted by the source) and the number of K electrons absorbed in the film (determined by the 'sandwich' method). From the differences, for insulintreated and untreated {sup 54}Mn ({sup 54}Cr) sources, between the calculated and recorded number of Auger electrons it is possible to reach a definite conclusion regarding the quality of the insulin treatment. (author) [Russian] Dlja poluchenija vysokoj tochnosti izmerenij pri opredelenii udel'noj aktivnosti istochnikov metodom absoljutnogo scheta chastic s pomoshh'ju 4{pi}- schetchika, bol'shoe vnimanie dolzhno byt' udeleno prigotovleniju radioaktivnyh istochnikov. Vo VNIIM v kachestve podlozhek radioaktivnyh istochnikov ispol'zujutsja celluloidnye plenki (poverhnostnaja plot- nost' 8-10 mkg/sm{sup 2} ) , metallizirovannye s obeih storon zolotom (10 - 15 mkg/sm{sup 2}) ili palladiem (5 - 6 mkg/sm2 ) . Dlja umen'shenija popravki na pogloshhenie 8-chastic v sloe radioaktivnogo osadka primenjaetsja special'naja obrabotka podlozhki insulinom. Predlozhen ochen' chuvstvitel'nyj i jeffektivnyj metod dlja opredelenija ravno- mernosti nanesenija aktivnogo osadka po vsej obrabotannoj insulinom ploshhadi istoch- nika s ispol'zovaniem jelektronno-zahvatnogo nuklida marganec-54 (hrom-54). Na plenku, obrabotannuju insulinom, nanosilsja rastvor soli marganec-54 (hrom-54); poluchennyj istochnik K-jelektronov Ozhe hrom-54 (marganec-54) issledovalsja v proporcional'nom 4l- schetchike. Obshhee chislo K-jelektronov Ozhe hrom-54 (marganec-54), kotorye vyhodili iz istochnika, bylo men'she na 8-12% znachenija, rasschitannogo na osnovanii chisla KH-kvantov hroma-54 (marganec-54), ispuskaemyh istochnikom, kojef- ficienta fluorescencii i chisla K-jelektronov, pogloshhennyh v plenke, kotoroe oprede- ljalos' metodom {sup s}jendvicha{sup .} Ishodja iz raznostej mezhdu raschetnym i zaregistriro- vannym chislo'm jelektronov Ozhe dlja istochnikov marganec-54 (hrom-54), obrabotannyh in- sulinom i neobrabotannyh, mozhno odnoznachno sudit' o kachestve obrabotki insulinom istochnikov. (author)

Graft Polymerization of Styrene to Polyethylene; Polymerisation par greffage du styrene sur des pellicules de polyethylene; Privitaya polimerizatsiya stirola k poliehtilen; Polimerizacion por injerto de estireno en polietileno

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silverman, J.; Srinivasan, S. I.; Phalangas, C. J. [Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)

1963-11-15

peliculas y borra d e polietileno para dosis de exposicion a rayos gamma de {sup 60}Co hasta 8,0 x 10{sup 5} r/h. Determinaron tambien la velocidad de transformacion del estireno en su homopoirmero, en las suspensiones de borra. Examinaron al microscopio las peliculas injertadas a fin de evaluar la proporcion de homopolfmero ocluido. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la mayor parte del incremento de peso en las muestras de pelicula corresponde al homopolfmero ocluido. En las pruebas con borra, en las cuales el incremento de peso se debe principalmente al copolimero injertado, dicho incremento es aproximadamente proporcional a la dosis y la velocidad de reaccion es casi proporcional a la rafe cuadrada de la intensidad de la dosis gamma. La reducida energia de activacion correspondiente a la velocidad de reaccion excluye la posibilidad de controlar la difusion en la borra y en las peliculas delgadas para intensidades de exposicion inferiores a 10{sup 5} r/h. En los experimentos con borra a 18{sup o}C e intensidades de 7,2 x 10{sup 4} r/h, la velocidad de formacion del homopolfmero coincide con el valor ya conocido para la polimerizacion del estireno puro. La energia de activacion, a saber, 3,5 kcal/mol, representa practicamente la mitad de la indicada para el monomero puro. (author) [Russian] Izuchenie opublikovannykh dannykh ob initsiirovannoj oblucheniem privitoj polimerizatsii stirola k plenkam poliehtilena nizkoj plotnosti pokazyvaet, tfgo skorost' prirosta vesa lish' neznachitel'no zavisit ot moshchnosti gamma-oblucheniya i tolshchiny plenki. Pokazano, chto modeli, primenyavshiesya ranee issledovatelyami dlya ob{sup y}asneniya dannykh prirosta vesa dlya otsenki konstant skorosti, ne godyatsya. Privedeny ehksperimental'nye dannye po privivaniyu pri temperaturakh 18{sup o}C i 40{sup o}C s ispol'zovaniem poliehtilenovykh plenok, legkoj melkokristallicheskoj kal'tsinirovannoj sody i istochnika Co{sup 60} s gamma-izlucheniem moshchnost'yu do 8,0 x 10{sup 5} r/ch. Izmerena

The Subcritical Assembly for High-Temperature Use; Assemblage Sous-Critique Pour Emploi a Haute Temperature; K voprosu o podkriticheskoj sborke dlya ispol'zovaniya pri vysokikh temperaturakh; Conjunto Subcritico para Temperatura Elevada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sakurai, Y.; Sekiya, T.; Suita, T. [Osaka University (Japan); Hishida, H.; Hamada, H.; Nagashima, K. [Sumitomo Atomic Energy Industries Group (Japan)

1964-04-15

vysokotemperaturnoj oblasti primenjaetsja gelij. Jeti vysokotemperaturnye gazovye petli proektirujutsja takim obrazom, chto ih mozhno ispol'zovat' dlja issledovanija voprosov neposredstvennogo prevrashhenija atomnoj jenergii v jelektricheskuju. Sborki osnashhajutsja sistemami upravlenija i kontrol'no-izmeritel'nymi sistemami podobno nebol'shim atomnym reaktoram. V nastojashhee vremja izuchaetsja jeksperimental'nyj metod opredelenija laplasiana sistemy i issleduetsja nailuchshaja shema raspolozhenija istochnika impul'snyh nejtronov i detektorov. Dalee, razrabatyvaetsja unikal'nyj metod izmerenija plotnosti potokov nejtronov pri vysokoj temperature. Nakonec, predpolagaetsja izuchit' vopros o vlijanii vysokoj temperatury na parametry reaktora. (author)

Eradication of White Grub (Melolontha Vulgaris F.) by the Sterile - Male Technique; Eradication du ver blanc (Melolontha Vulgaris F.) par la methode du lacher de males steriles; Unichtozhenie lichinok majskogo zhuka (Melolontha Vulgaris F.) metodom sterilizatsii muzhskikh osobej; Erradicacion de la larva del abejorro (Melolontha Vulgaris F.) por la tecnica de los machos esterilizados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Horber, E. [Swiss Experimental Station for Agriculture, Zurich-Oerlikon (Switzerland)

1963-09-15

mortalidad se observo en la zona a). En 1962 se procedio en esta zona a un segundo tratamiento para el que se soltaron 17 l de machos irradiados. Se habia esterilizado el 76% por lo menos de los machos. El nuevo muestreo de larvas demostro que en la zona a) el exterminio habia sido completo. Debido a la sequia que reino en toda la region se observaron tambien disminuciones en las zonas b) y c). Se ha demostrado que la tecnica de los machos esterilizados puede aplicarse con exito a insectos de una region que no este estrictamente aislada desde el punto de vista geografico, cuyas hembras copulen varias veces, y que no sea posible criar en grandes cantidades debido a la larga duracion de su ciclo de reproduccion. (author) [Russian] Laboratornye ispytaniya pokazyvayut, chto doza 30 00 r dostatochna dlya sterilizatsii muzhskikh osobej majskogo khuka. V techenie dvukh vyletov sterilizovannye samtsy vypuskalis' na volyu sredi neoblucheknykh populyatsij dlya likvidatsii khrushchej v rajone s nespetsializirovannym sel'skim khozyajstvom, raspolozhennom v severo-zapadnoj SHvejtsarii. V 1950 godu shirokoe rasprostranenie ehtikh vreditelej bylo predotvrashcheno primineniem khimikalij. Sparivaniya nablyudalis' pri vylete s 1953 po 1962 god. V 1959 godu byli otvedeny pyat' uchastkov ploshchad'yu 30 ga, na kotorykh sozdali: A - ehksperimental'nyj uchastok, na kotorom muzhskie osobi vylavlivalis', obluchalis' i vypuskalis' snova na volyu; B - uchastok dlya razvedeniya, gde majskie zhuki sobiralis', ikh muzhskie osobi obluchalis' i vypuskalis' na uchastok A; V - kontrol'nye uchastki, gde nablyudalis' sparivaniya bez vneshnego vmeshatel'stva. Samtsy obluchalis' na obychnoj terapevticheskoj rentgenovskoj ustanovke. Obluchennye samtsy okrashivalis' vruchnuyu dlya opredeleniya proportsii sterilizovannykh samtsov metodom izotopnogo razvedeniya. V 1959 godu v kachestve pervogo opyta na uchastok A bylo vypushcheno okolo 6 l sterilizovannykh samtsov, chto sostavlyalo okolo 50% vsej populyatsii

Detailed design of a fixed filter-paper alpha-air-monitor with less than 15-min response time; Detecteur d'aerosols contenant des emetteurs alpha, muni d'un papier filtre fixe, a temps de reponse inferieur a quinze minutes; Podrobnaya konstruktsiya vozdushnogo registratora al'fa-chastits s fiksirovannym bumazhnym fil'trom so vremenem srabatyvaniya menee pyatnadtsati minut; Monitor de hoja de papel filtro fija para emisores alfa suspendidos en el aire, cuyo tiempo de reaccion es inferior a 15 minutos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gentry, W O; Seaborn, G B [Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1962-04-15

pequeno tamano y su sencillez, asi como por el hecho de que su construccion, empleo y conservacion resultan mucho mas economicas que las de cualquiera de los monitores conocidos hasta el presente. Da una senal de alarma en menos de 15 min cuando la concentracion del polvo de uranio supera los 2,1 {center_dot} 10-10 {mu}c/cm{sup 3} (tres veces y media la concentracion maxima admisible para una exposicion de 40 h por semana). Ademas de emitir esa senal de alarma, el monitor permite medir la concentracion semanal media del polvo de uranio, quitando el papel de filtro y midiendo la intensidad ''de la radiacion despues de un periodo conveniente de desintegracion de la actividad natural. (author) [Russian] Osnovnoj dozimetricheskoj problemoj na gazovykh diffuzionnykh zavodakh, gde proiskhodit razdelenie izotopov urana, yavlyaetsya registratsiya uranovoj pyli v vozdukhe, izluchayushchej al'fa-chastitsy. V techenie neskol'kikh let na Okridzhskom gazovom diffuzionnom zavode osushchestvlyaetsya programma razrabotki bolee sovershennykh kontrol'no-izmeritel'nykh priborov dlya obnaruzheniya ehtoj pyli. V dannom doklade obsuzhdaetsya razrabotannyj nedavno pribor, kotoryj obespechivaet podachu bystrogo trevozhnogo signala, esli kontsentratsiya osvobozhdayushchejsya uranovoj pyli v vozdukhe dostigaet opasnykh urovnej. Do razrabotki ehtogo pribora neobkhodima byla primerno pyatichasovaya zaderzhka, kotoraya davala vremya dlya raspada estestvennoj atmosfernoj radioaktivnosti, prezhde chem mozhno bylo obnaruzhit' dolgozhivushchie al'fa-izluchateli uranovoj pyli. Razrabotannyj nedavno pribor rabotaet na sleduyushchem printsipe: kogda sobrana pyl' v vozdukhe, soderzhashchaya dochernie produkty estestvennogo atmosfernogo radona, aktivnost' vozrastet do kvazi-ravnovesnogo znacheniya, pri kotorom skorost' osazhdeniya budet ravna skorosti raspada. V takom sluchae uranovaya pyl' nablyudaetsya po mere bystrogo izmeneniya uslovij ravnovesiya. Unikal'noj kharakteristikoj pribora yavlyaetsya ispol

Mezivýměník tepla primárního okruhu reaktoru ESFR

OpenAIRE

Švihel, Miroslav

2012-01-01

Práce je zaměřena především na návrh mezivýměníku tepla primárního okruhu reaktoru ESFR. Výměník je počítán tepelně, hydraulicky i pevnostně a závěrem je zpracována část výkresové dokumentace. Jsou navrhnuty základní rozměry trubkového svazku a nádoby výměníku. Je zde obsažen i přehled koncepcí výměníků a doposud použitých typů mezivýměníku na jaderných elektrárnách s rychlými reaktory. Uvedeny jsou zde i základní parametry projektu ESFR a zhodnocena bezpečnost a provozní spolehlivost výměník...

Digitální audio zesilovač

OpenAIRE

Tiller, Jakub

2010-01-01

Tématem bakalářské práce jsou výkonové audio zesilovače pracující ve třídě D. Jejich velké rozšíření je způsobeno hlavně vysokou účinností a dobrými parametry. Tato práce je zaměřena na rozbor jednotlivých částí těchto zesilovačů a na rozbor možností měření jejich parametrů. Následně je v práci uveden návrh zesilovače jako laboratorního přípravku s možností číslicového řízení zesílení a navržena automatizovaná měření parametrů tohoto zesilovače v prostředí VEE Pro. Dále je v této práci navrže...

Placenta Percreta Invading Broad Ligament and Parametrium in a Woman with Two Previous Cesarean Sections: A Case Report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mansoureh Vahdat

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction. The incidence of placenta accreta has dramatically increased due to increasing caesarean section rate all over the world. Placenta percreta is the most severe form of placenta accretes. It frequently results in maternal morbidity and mortality mainly caused by massive obstetric hemorrhage or emergency hysterectomy. Percreta invading into the broad ligament has rarely been previously reported. Case presenting. We presented a case of placenta percreta invading left broad ligament and parametrium in a woman with two previous cesarean sections, which led to massive intraoperative hemorrhage during hysterectomy and transient ischemic encephalopathy. Conclusion. In cases of parametrial involvement, it would be more difficult to decide whether to remove placenta or leave it in site. In surgical removal neither local excision of placental bed and uterine repair nor traditional hysterectomy is adequate if parametrium invaded by placenta. We suggest delayed elective hysterectomy in such cases. So, pregnancy-induced pelvic congestion would be decreased, we can gather an expert team of gynecologists, urologists, and vascular surgeons, we could get plenty of blood products, and we may have the chance to administer methotrexate.

Implementace ERP systémů

OpenAIRE

Přívratský, Miroslav

2008-01-01

První část této práce uvádí vztah ERP systémů a jiných aplikací běžně zaváděných v podnikových informačních systémech a rozvádí funkcionalitu ERP systémů. Druhá část se poté věnuje detailní kategorizaci ERP produktů z mnoha různých hledisek a analyzuje obecné parametry, podle kterých je možné ERP systémy posuzovat (např. při výběru produktu, který má být implementován). Poslední část je zaměřena na projekty implementace ERP systémů, jejich průběh a hodnocení jejich úspěšnosti. Na závěr práce ...

Abdominal ultrasonography in inheredited diseases of carbohydrate metabolism; Ecografia dell'addome nelle malattie ereditarie del metabolismo dei carboidrati

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pozzato, Carlo; Curti, Alessandra; Cornalba, Gianpaolo [Milano Univ., Ospedale San Paolo, Milano (Italy). Unita' Operativa di Radiologia Diagnostica ed Interventistica, Istituto di Scienze Radiologiche; Radaelli, Giovanni [Milano Univ., Ospedale San Paolo, Milano (Italy). Unita' Operativa di Statistica Medica; Fiori, Laura; Rossi, Samantha; Riva, Enrica [Milano Univ., Ospedale San Paolo, Mialno (Italy). Dipartimento di Pediatria

2005-02-01

Purpose: To determine the usefulness of abdominal sonography in inherited diseases of carbohydrate metabolism. Materials and methods: Thirty patients (age range, 4 months to 27 years) with glycogen storage diseases, galactosemia, disorders of fructose metabolism were studied with sonography. Echogenicity of the liver, sonographic dimensions of liver, kidneys and spleen were evaluated. Plasma blood parameters (ALT, AST, total cholesterol, triglycerides) were determined. Results: Liver was enlarged in 21/22 patients (95.4%) with glycogen storage diseases, in both subjects with disorders of fructose metabolism, and in 2/6 patients (33.3%) with galactosemia. Hepatic echogenicity was increased in 20/22 patients (90.9%) with glycogen storage diseases, and in the subject with hereditary fructose intolerance. Patients with galactosemia did not show increased liver echogenicity. Both kidney were enlarged in 8/17 patients (47.0%) with glycogen storage disease type I. Subjects with increased hepatic echogenicity exhibited higher plasma concentrations of any blood parameter than the others with normal echogenicity (p<0.05). Conclusions: Sonography can be useful in identification of inherited diseases of carbohydrate metabolism even if further examinations are necessary for an ultimate diagnosis. [Italian] Scopo: Determinare l'utilita' dell'ecografia addominale nelle malattie ereditarie del metabolismo dei carboidrati. Materiale e metodi: Di 30 pazienti (eta' compresa tra 4 mesi e 27 anni), affetti da malattie di accumulo di glicogeno (glicogenosi), galattosemia, disordini del metabolismo del fruttosio, sono stati valutati tramite ecografia l'ecogenicita' epatica e le dimensioni ecografiche di fegato, reni e milza. Sono stati determinati alcuni parametri ematici (ALT, AST, colesterolo totale, trigliceridi). Risultati: Il fegato e' risultato ingrandito in 21/22 pazienti (95,4%) con malattie da accumolo di glicogeno, in entrambi i soggetti con

The use of radiotracer techniques to study lubrication and wear in large diesel engines; Emploi des indicateurs radioactifs pour l'etude de la lubrification et de l'usure dans les moteurs diesel de grande puissance; Ispol'zovanie metodov radioaktivnykh indikatorov dlya izucheniya smazki i iznosa bol'shikh dizel'nykh motorov; Aplicacion de los indicadores radiactivos al estudio de la lubricacion y desgaste de los motores diesel de gran potencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Howes, Jr, J E; Braun, W J; Sunderman, D N [Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (United States)

1962-01-15

iznosa bol'shikh dizel'nykh motorov v masshtabe, kotoryj do sikh por schitalsya prakticheski neosushchestvimym. Kak potreblenie smazochnogo masla, tak i iznos rubashki tsilindra opredelyalis' v funktsii ot rabochikh uslovij dizelya moshchnost'yu okolo 1000 tormoznykh loshadinykh sil. Byl vyrabotan metod mecheniya 200 gallonov smazochnogo masla 60 millikyuri tsinka-65 i opredeleniya potrebleniya masla pri pomoshchi vzyatiya obraztsov gazov vykhlopa pri rabote motora v raznoobraznykh usloviyakh. Izmerenie potrebleniya smazochnogo masla moglo byt' proizvedeno za 10 minut vremeni, vmesto 24 ili 48 chasov, trebovavshikhsya ran'she. Byl vyrabotan metod aktivatsii nejtronami nizshej chasti tsilindra dlinoyu v 48 dyujmov i diametrom rubashki v 8 dyujmov. Nadlezhashchee ehkranirovanie teplovykh nej- tronov dalo vozmozhnost' poluchit' marganets-54 s 300-dnevnym periodom poluraspada; issledovanie iznosa privelo k udlineniyu poleznogo sroka sluzhby rubashki v 6-8 raz po sravneniyu s analogichnoj rubashkoj, aktivirovannoj termicheski dlya proizvodstva zheleza-59. To obstoyatel'stvo, chto issledovaniya s takimi bol'shimi kolichestvami radioaktivnogo materiala mogut vypolnyat'sya v oblasti dizelej na normal'noj issledovatel'skoj ustanovke, otkryvaet sovershenno novuyu oblast' primeneniya indikatorov. Izbiratel'naya aktivatsiya i tselesoobraznoe ispol'zovanie ehkranirovaniya teplovykh nejtronov uvelichivayut raznoobrazie vozmozhnostej ispol'zovaniya metodov indikatorov; izmereniya sosredotochivayutsya na interesuyushchem meste, i tem samym sokrashchaetsya obshchee kolichestvo trebuemogo dlya izucheniya iznosa krupnykh detalej radioaktivnogo materiala; vmeste s tem odnovremenno oblegchaetsya izmerenie iznosa detalej motora iz materialov s odinakovym khimicheskim sostavom. (author)

The Measurement of Natural Tritium Levels in Geiger Counters; Determination quantitative du tritium naturel par compteurs Geiger; Izmerenie urovnej estestvennogo tritiya v schetchikakh Gejgera; Medicion de concentraciones naturales de tritio mediante contadores Geiger

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

O' Brien, B J [Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Gracefield (New Zealand)

1962-01-15

sont particulierement satisfaisantes. L'auteur decrit un dispositif de comptage qui comprend un compteur rempli d'hydrogene a la pression de 40 cm de mercure, la substance de coupage utilisee etant l'ethylamine. Le bruit de fond est de 3 cpm, et la pente du palier correspondant relativement faible. (author) [Spanish] El autor describe un metodo de analisis de tritio en un contador de 300 ml que funciona con arreglo al principio de la extincion interna por medio de gases. Originariamente se aplico un sistema basado en el empleo de una mezcla de etileno y argon como gas extintor, en combinacion con un anillo de anticoincidencias. Ahora bien, las caracteristicas del rellano de la curva de recuento al emplear un circuito de anticoincidencias no resultaban satisfactorias cuando el numero de impulsos era reducido, debido a una extincion deficiente, y por tal motivo se trato de encontrar una mezcla gaseosa mas eficaz. El autor estudia la causa de la pendiente del rellano de la curva del recuento de fondo y enumera las propiedades que debe reunir un gas extintor adecuado para el recuento del hidrogeno. Detalla los resultados de un estudio de las caracteristicas de recuento del hidrogeno usando como sustancias extintoras el benceno, el bromuro de etilo, el eter etilico, la isopropil amina, el hexano, la etilamina y el isopieno. Se comprobo que la etilamina y el eter etilico, en particular, presentan caracteristicas de extincion muy satisfactorias. El autor describe un sistema de recuento basado en el empleo de un contador que se rellena con hidrogeno a la presion de 40 cm de Hg y en el cual se usa etilamina para la extincion. La actividad de fondo asciende a 3 impulsos por minuto, siendo relativamente debil la pendiente del rellano de la curva correspondiente. (author) [Russian] Daetsya opisanie metoda podscheta tritiya v 300ml gazovom schetchike s ispol'zovaniem gazov dlya gasheniya. Pervonachal'no byla primenena sistema s kol'tsom nesovpadenij pri ispol'zovanii ehtilen

A general-purpose pulse amplifier; Amplificateur d'impulsions universel; Universal'nyj usilitel' impul'sov; Amplificador de impulsos para uso general

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hansen, K B [Forsogsanlaeg Riso, Roskilde (Denmark)

1962-04-15

'amplificateur satisfaisant aux conditions requises pour remplir le role d'amplificateur . Les specifications les plus importantes de cet appareil sont: gain de 90 dB a partir du courant continu jusqu'a 10 kHz, tombant ensuite a environ 20 dB par decade jusqu'a 15 MHz (gain de 30 dB). L'amplificateur comporte quatre tubes. Dans la plupart des cas, il n'est pas besoin d'une source de courant stabilisee, la stabilite dependant uniquement de celle du circuit de contre-reaction utilise. (author) [Spanish] En esta memoria se propone la utilizacion, para transformar la forma y tamano de impulsos nucleares segun se desee, de la tecnica de los ''amplificadores operacionales'', conocida en los trabajos con calculadoras analogicas. Este procedimiento permite, con un amplificador fundamental pero con diferentes circuitos de realimentacion, disponer de preamplificadores y de amplificadores de propiedades distintas y que presenten cualidades optimas con respecto al parametro de mayor interes, por ejemplo, linealidad, estabilidad o sobresaturacion. Como este metodo requiere la utilizacion de circuitos paralelos de realimentacion, se presta especialmente para los preamplificadores, pues en su mayor parte los detectores son generadores de corriente. Se describe un amplificador que satisface las condiciones necesarias para servir de amplificador operacional. Las especificaciones principales son: Amplificacion de 90 db desde O hasta 10 kHz, que disminuye approximadamente 20 db por decada hasta 15 MHz (amplificacion: 30 db). En el amplificador se emplean cuatro valvulas. En la mayor parte de las operaciones de transformacion de impulsos no hace falta una fuente de energia estabilizada; la estabilidad del sistema dependera unicamente de la del circuito de realimentacion. (author) [Russian] V doklade delayutsya predlozheniya o primenenii metoda, ispol'zuemogo pri analogichnykh vychisleniyakh, dlya prevrashcheniya yadernykh impul'sov v impul'sy zhelaemogo vida i razmera pri pomoshchi ''operatsionnykh

Levels of Tritium in a Variety of New Zealand Waters and Some Tentative Conclusions from these Results; Concentration du tritium dans diverses eaux de Nouvelle-Zelande et conclusions provioires tirees des resultats obtenus; Urovni tritiya v razlichnykh vodakh novoj Zelandii i predvaritel'noe zaklyuchenie po etim rezul'tatam; Concentraciones de tritio en diferentes aguas de Nueva Zelandia y conclusiones provisionales basadas en los resultados obtenidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bainbridge, A E; O' Brien, B J [Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Gracefield (New Zealand)

1962-01-15

grifo en el Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, a fin de calcular el tiempo de permanencia de las aguas en el deposito artesiano del Valle de Hutt. Se expone un numero limitado de resultados de las mediciones de tritio en nieves alpinas y en aguas de pozo geotermicas, aguas oceanicas y aguas de lluvia caidas sobre Wellington. (author) [Russian] Bol'shoe kolichestvo razlichnykh prob prirodnykh vod bylo otobrano dlya izucheniya s tsel'yu opredelit' izbytok tritiya. Seriya izmerenij tritiya v vodakh Akataravy bliz Vellingtona s aprelya 1956 po dekabr' 1960 goda pokazali nalichie v dozhdevykh vodakh, vypadayushchikh v Novoj Zelandii, tritiya, voznikshego v rezul'tate ispytaniya atomnykh bomb. Sravnenie ehtogo urovnya soderzhaniya tritiya s izmereniyami, proizvedennymi s vodoprovodnoj vodoj v Institute yadernykh issledovanij, bylo ispol'zovano dlya opredeleniya vremeni khraneniya vody v artezianskom bassejne KHut-Vallej. Budet predstavleno nekotoroe chislo rezul'tatov izmerenij tritiya v podzemnykh vodakh, v okeane, v dozhdevykh vodakh Vellingtona i v al'pijskikh snegakh. (author)

The determination of sulphur in materials of high neutron absorption cross-section by fast-neutron activation analysis; Determination du soufre dans les matieres de forte section efficace d'absorption neutronique, au moyen d'une analyse par activation avec des neutrons rapides; Opredelenie sery v materialakh s bol'shim secheniem pogloshcheniya nejtronov metodom aktivatsionnogo analiza bystrykh nejtronov; Determinacion del azufre en sustancias de elevada seccion eficaz de absorcion neutronica mediante analisis por activacion con neutrones rapidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gibbons, D; Simpson, H [Wantage Research Laboratory (A.E.R.E.), Wantage, Berks. (United Kingdom)

1962-01-15

secciones eficaces de absorcion para los neutrones rapidos son mucho mas bajas que para los lentos lo cual reduce considerablemente los errores debidos al autoblindaje. La interferencia debida a la reaccion (n, {gamma}) causada por los neutrones lentos en el fosforo natural puede eliminarse gracias a una tecnica que consiste en efectuar irradiaciones dobles en regiones del reactor en que varien las razones del flujo de neutrones lentos a neutrones rapidos. El metodo se ha aplicado a la determinacion del azufre en cromo y arsenico. (author) [Russian] Proizvodstvo radiofosfora pri vzaimodejstvii bystrykh nejtronov (n, p) s seroj ispol'zuetsya dlya opredeleniya sery s pomoshch'yu aktivatsionnogo analiza. Ispol'zovanie dannogo metoda pozvolyaet opredelit' nalichie sery v materialakh s bol'shim secheniem pogloshcheniya teplovykh nejtronov, t.k. sechenie pogloshcheniya bystrykh nejtronov, kak pravilo, znachitel'no men'she, chem medlennykh nejtronov, chto pozvolyaet zametno snizit' veroyatnost' oshibok iz-za samozashchity. Pomekhi iz-za reaktsii (n, {gamma}) na medlennykh nejtronakh s estestvennym fosforom ustranyayutsya metodom dvojnogo oblucheniya v mestakh s razlichnym otnosheniem potokov bystrykh i medlennykh nejtronov. Dannyj metod primenyalsya dlya opredeleniya sery v khrome i mysh'yake. (author)

Improved organic scintillation detectors; Possibilites de perfectionnement des detecteurs organiques a scintillations; Usovershenstvovannye organicheskie stsintillyatsionnye detektory; Detectores organicos de centelleo perfeccionados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Birks, J B [University of Manchester, Manchester (United Kingdom)

1962-04-15

fotomultiplicadores con respuestas S11 (ventana de vidrio) y S13 (ventana de cuarzo). Los resultados sugieren la posibilidad de perfeccionar de varias maneras los actuales metodos de utilizacion de detectores organicos: empleo de soluciones binarias con preferencia a las ternarias; empleo de ventanas de cuarzo con preferencia a las de vidrio; nueva evaluacion de los detectores de cristales mixtos basados en el naftaleno. El indice de calidad (rendimiento practico/periodo de caida de la luminiscencia) puede llegar a aumentar al doble para el contaje rapido con detectores de centelleo. (author) [Russian] Byli vyvedeny uravneniya dlya opredeleniya dejstvitel'noj ehffektivnosti stsintillyatsii-(chislo foto- ehlektronov na 1 mehv) organicheskikh kristallov i rastvorov s tochki zreniya molekulyarnykh parametrov; ehti uravneniya byli primeneny k bolee slozhnym sistemam stsintillyatorov dlya fotoumnozhitelej s kharakteristikami S11 (steklyannoe okno) i S13 (kvartsevoe okno). Rezul'taty ukazyvayut na vozmozhnost' vneseniya ryada usovershenstvovanij v sushchestvuyushchuyu konstruktsiyu organicheskikh stsintillyatsionnykh detektorov, a imenno: ispol'zovanie binarnykh rastvorov vmesto trojnykh; ispol'zovanie kvartsevogo okna vmesto steklyannogo; peresmotr stsintillyatorov so smeshannymi kristallami na osnove naftalina. Takim obrazom mozhno uvelichit' vdvoe ili dazhe eshche bol'she chuvstvitel'nost' (dejstvitel'naya ehffektivnost', otnesennaya ko vremeni raspada) bystro stsintillyatsionnogo scheta. (author)

Faktorová analýza antropometrických charakteristik u mladých plavců ve věku 11 a 12 let Factor analysis of anthropometric characteristics in young swimmers aged 11 and 12

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zofia Ignasiak

2006-02-01

Full Text Available Cílem této práce bylo popsat vybrané somatické charakteristiky typické pro mladé plavce. Faktorová analýza umožnila úměrné snížení somatických ukazatelů a umožnila vypočítat hlavní strukturální faktory typické pro mladé plavce. Do výzkumného souboru bylo zařazeno 80 žáků (11 a 12letých přijatých ke studiu na základní sportovní škole ve Wroclawi. Sledovaní probandi trénovali po dobu 2–3 let a jejich průměrný tréninkový čas byl 12 až 18 hodin týdně. Byly měřeny následující parametry: tělesná výška a hmotnost, délka horních a dolních končetin, obvod stehen, lýtka, paží, předloktí, hrudníku v klidu, hrudníku po nádechu a po výdechu, obvod pasu a boků, šířka ramen, šířka boků, šířka hrudníku, hloubka hrudníku a Rohrerův index. K dosažení cíle této studie byla použita metoda faktorové analýzy. Analýza výsledků ukázala, že pouze některé zvláštnosti mezi sledovanými parametry jsou pro mladé plavce charakteristické. Jsou spojeny do 2 trsů somatických charakteristik: kubický obsah (zahrnuje tělesnou hmotnost, svalstvo, trup a obvod horních a dolních končetin a vertikální rozměr (zahrnuje tělesnou výšku a délku horních a dolních končetin. Tyto parametry signalizují formování postavy typické pro plavce, charakteristické specifickými proporcemi tělesné hmotnosti a výšky, hrudníku a boků a obvykle delšími končetinami. Výsledky naznačují, že antropometrické charakteristiky lze použít pro optimalizaci tréninkového procesu mladých plavců. The aim of this study was to describe the set of somatic characteristics, which significantly discriminate young swimmers. The factor analysis let us reduce the number of somatic traits mostly correlated and to calculate the main structural factors typical for young swimmers. There were 80 pupils (11 and 12 years old from the primary sport school in Wroclaw recruited for the study

Parameters of compensating centers in n-type Si highly compensated by irradiation. Parametry kompensiruyushchikh tsentrov v n-Si sil'no kompensirovannym oblucheniem

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klinger, P M; Fistul' , V I [Moskovskij Gosudarstvennyj Univ., Moscow (USSR)

1990-06-01

Resuls of investigations into effect of {gamma}- and neutron irradiation on defect formation in high-ohmic n-Si

using technique of capacity temperature dependence (CTD) are given. Radiation dose varied from 4.8x10{sup 17} up to 1.7x10{sup 18} cm{sup -2}. CTD technique is shown to be successfully applied to investigate into defect formation at irradiation of highly compensated silicon. Rate of admission of Ec-0.40 eV deep acceptor levels in n-Si at pulsed electron irradiation does not depend on fine impurity cocentration. Positions of energy levels of deep acceptors introduced into n-Si do not coincide and constitute, respectively, E{sub c}-0.40 and E{sub c}-049 eV.

Stress, lutto e modificazione dei parametri immunitari / Stress, deuil et modification des paramètres immunitaires / Stress, mourning and immune parameters modification

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Mastronardi Vincenzo

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Les auteurs font référence à une vaste littérature sur le stress, le deuil et le système immunitaire. Ils mentionnent non seulement les études les plus importantes qui montrent une corrélation parmi ces aspects, mais explorent aussi d’intéressantes filières pionnières (hypnose et cancer – la théorie de Hamer promettant des développements futurs. D’autre part, l’étude aborde la question du monitorage des modifications immunitaires dans le cas du dommage biologique psychique indirect permanent, indemnisé suite à la mort d’un conjoint (Cour Constitutionnelle, jugement du 24-27 Octobre 1994, n°372.The authors of this article refer a large survey about stress, mourning and immune system. Besides mentioning important studies proving a correlation among these elements they also refer about an interesting survey about some pioneering fields (hypnosis and cancer, Hamer's theory which could be particularly important for future developments.Furthermore, this study faces the possibility of monitoring immune modification in case of indirect permanent psychic biological damage repayable in case of a relative 's death (Corte Costituzionale Sent.24-27 ott. 1994 n.372.

Technologické parametry a konzervárenské zpracování hrušek asijských odrůd

OpenAIRE

Jarolík, Ivan

2016-01-01

Theoretical part of thesis contains information about importance of sensory analysis for quality evaluation of food. Further described are tools of sensory perception, which are used for sensory analysis. Experimental part consists of laboratory analysis of six varieties of pears in fresh form (Asian varieties Man san gill, Kumt ghant chu, Shinseiki, Chojuro and Pung su, and European variety Conference). These pears were then processed into juice, compote and puree. These products were evalua...

Effetti dell'applicazione per breve periodo di un'atmosfera a bassa concentrazione d'ossigeno sui parametri qualitativi dei frutti di tangelo "Page"

OpenAIRE

Piga, Antonio; D'Aquino, Salvatore; Agabbio, Mario Carlo Salvatore

1997-01-01

A brief prestorage treatment of Page tangelo [(Citrus paradisi Macf. x C. reticulata) x C. reticulata] with a low-O2 atmosphere was performed, in order to assess if anaerobic conditions could delay senescence of the fruit. Freshly harvested fruits were randomly selected for minimal blemishes and omogenous size and divided into two plots. Fruits to be treated were put in a 250-liter plastic container at 20°C in which an atmosphere containing 99% N2 + 1 % O2 was established within 1 ho...

Metrologické parametry etalonové frekvence sdělované družicovou sítí digitální televize

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Buzek, Otokar; Čemusová, Blanka

1999-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 3 (1999), s. 15-21 ISSN 1210-3543 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA102/98/0448 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z2067918 Keywords : time measurement * frequency measurement * television broadcasting Subject RIV: JA - Electronics ; Optoelectronics, Electrical Engineering

Flexure of Thick Plates Resting on Elastic Foundation Using Two-Variable Refined Plate Theory

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Rouzegar Jafar

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Wpublikacji wykorzystano udoskonalona teorie płyty z dwiema zmiennymi do analizy grubych płyt spoczywajacych na sprezystym podłozu. Teoria ta, która zawiera tylko dwa nieznane parametry, pozwala przewidziec paraboliczna zmiennosc naprezen scinajacych. W teorii jest spełniony warunek zerowej trakcji na powierzchni płyty bez uzycia współczynnika korekcyjnego dla scinania. Stosujac zasade minimum energii potencjalnej wyprowadzono równania rzadzace dla płyt prostokatnych o prostym podparciu spoczywajacych na sprezystym podłozu Winklera. Do rozwiazania otrzymanego układu równan sprzezonych zaadoptowano metode Naviera. Obecna teoria pozwoliła rozwiazac szereg przykładowych problemów płyt przy róznych warunkach obciazenia. Porównanie otrzymanych rezultatów z uzyskanymi w innych znanych teoriach wykazuje doskonala efektywnosc stosowanej teorii w modelowaniu grubych płyt spoczywajacych na podłozu sprezystym. Przestudiowano takze wpływ modułu sprezystosci podłoza, grubosci płyty i typu obciazenia. Wyniki pokazuja, ze ugiecia płyty maleja przy wzroscie modułu sprezystosci podłoza i grubosci płyty

The first experience of using {sup 99m}Tc-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-based radiopharmaceutical for the detection of sentinel lymph nodes in cervical cancer patients

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sinilkin, I. G.; Chernov, V. I.; Medvedeva, A. A.; Zelchan, R. V.; Chernyshova, A. L. [Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Kooperativny Street 5, Tomsk, 634050 (Russian Federation); National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk, 634050 (Russian Federation); Lyapunov, A. Yu., E-mail: Lyapunov1720.90@mail.ru [Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Kooperativny Street 5, Tomsk, 634050 (Russian Federation); Kolomiets, L. A. [Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Kooperativny Street 5, Tomsk, 634050 (Russian Federation); Siberian State Medical University, Moskovsky Trakt 2, Tomsk, 634050 (Russian Federation)

2016-08-02

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of using {sup 99m}Tc-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-based radiopharmaceutical, a novel molecular imaging agent for sentinel lymph node detection in patients with invasive cervical cancer. The study included 23 cervical cancer patients (T1aNxMx-T2bNxMx) treated at the Tomsk Cancer Research Institute. In the 18 hours before surgery, 80 MBq of the {sup 99m}Tc-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} in peritumoral injected, followed by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the pelvis and intraoperative SLN identification. Twenty-seven SLNs were detected by SPECT, and 34 SLNs were identified by intraoperative gamma probe. The total number of identified SLNs per patient ranged from 1 to 3 (the mean number of SLNs was 1.4 per patient). The most common site for SLN detection was the external iliac region (57.2%), followed by the internal iliac (14%), obturator (14%), presacral and retrosacral regions (14%), and the parametrial region (1%). Sensitivity in detecting SLNs was 100% for intraoperative SLN identification and 79% for SPECT image.

Changes of the uniaxial compressive strength of rocks under the dynamic load with different frequencies

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Petr Žůrek

2005-11-01

Full Text Available Článek přináší výsledky měření série horninových vzorků na testovacím zařízení MTS 816 systém. Jednoosá tlaková pevnost při dynamickém namáhání byla zjišťována s frekvencí v rozsahu 0-100 Hz. Tyto dynamické pevnostní charakteristiky jsou srovnávány s pevnostními charakteristikami při statickém namáhání. Laboratorní výzkum při dynamickém namáhání by měl co nejvíce odpovídat charakteru namáhání hornin při seismických jevech v horském masivu. Z tohoto důvodu jsou v článku nejprve rozebrány seismické vlnové parametry při důlních otřesech a jiných seismických jevech v horském masivu.

Accumulation chamber as monitoring system for biogas emission from solid waste land filling: preliminary experimental results and elaborations on italian provincial scale; Camera di accumulo portatile per il monitoraggio di emissioni di biogas da discarica: risultati sperimentali ed elaborazioni preliminari a scala provinciale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Capaccioni, B.; Pirillo, L. [Urbino Univ. Carlo Bo, Urbino (Italy). Istituto di Vulcanologia e Geochimica; Didero, M. [Urbino Univ. Carlo Bo, Urbino (Italy). Istituto di Geologia Applicata; Lucci, P.; Scartoni, P. [Area Territorio e Ambiente Provincia di Arezzo, Arezzo (Italy). Servizio Ecologia; Tatano, F. [Urbino Univ. Carlo Bo, Urbino (Italy). Facolta' di Scienze Ambientali

2005-04-01

On site CO{sub 2} flux measurements with the static, not stationary accumulation chamber system were experimentally carried out in no. 5 MSW (active and closed) landfills located in the territory of the Province of Arezzo (Tuscany Region). Corresponding CO{sub 2} emission flux maps were contoured and analysed, revealing a possible, preliminary geometrical classification of biogas dispersion: diffuse dispersion (internal), lateral/angular dispersion (internal), and external dispersion. Also specific (volume and surface) biogas emission parameters were calculated and graphically compared for the monitored inactive facilities. [Italian] La metodologia strumentale portatile della camera di accumulo, statica non stazionaria, e' stata adoperata sperimentalmente per la misura on site di flussi puntuali di emissione di CO{sub 2} in cinque discariche (attive e non) per RSU ed assimilabili localizzate nel territorio della Provincia di Arezzo. Si sono elaborate, ed analizzate criticamente, le corrispondenti mappe areali di flusso, che hanno consentito di delineare una possibile classificazione geometrica - ancorche' preliminare - di dispersioni di biogas generabili da discarica: diffuse interne, laterali/angolari interne, esterne. Con riferimento alle discariche inattive d'indagine, si sono altresi' determinati, e rappresentati graficamente, i valori di possibili parametri specifici (volumetrico, superficiale) di dispersione di biogas.

Hot cognition: come funziona il romanzo della globalizzazione

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Stefano Calabrese

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Se si assumono parametri multipli e si dà ascolto alle neuroscienze, oggi lo storytelling è il terreno di formazione e la palestra entro i quali esercitiamo la no- stra capacità di leggere la realtà. Le narrazioni a struttura sospesa garantiscono elevati standard in termini di mind reading, mentre il predominio sostanziale del controfattuale (esternalizzato come realismo magico o saghe fantasy migliora le nostre capacità predittive, così come il ricorso a elementi magici trasforma il sistema di attese standard in una hot cognition allertata dinanzi a qualsiasi elemento di novità si presenti all’individuo. Granting multiple parameters of interpretation and the relevance of today’s neuroscientific discoveries, storytelling is the training field where we put to trial our abilities in deciphering reality. Narrations with a “suspended” framework grant us high standards of mind-reading, while a marked dominance of counterfactuals (as expressed in magic realism of phantasy sagas helps us improve our skills at predicting further developments. The recurrent appeal to magic elements transforms our set of standard expectations into a hot cognition continuously alerted to face any element of novelty.  

A Rapid-Insertion Control-Absorber Mechanism for Use in Hollow Fuel Elements; Mecanisme d'Insertion Rapide d'Absorbants pour Utilisation dans des Elements Creux; Mekhanizm bystrogo vvoda poglotitelya dlya ispol'zovaniya v polykh toplivnykh ehlementakh; Mecanismo para la Insercion Rapida de Absorbentes en Elementos Combustibles Huecos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

King, E. S.F. [Atomic Energy Research Establishment Harwell, Berks. (United Kingdom)

1964-06-15

, nahodjashhemusja v verhnej chasti mehanizma. Posle osvobozhdenija poglotitelja motor ochen' bystro opuskaet vniz zashhitnuju probku dlja novogo zahvata poglotitelja. Razmer poglotitel'noj sistemy sovpadaet s obshhimi razmerami toplivnogo jelementa, i ona mozhet byt' izvlechena iz reaktora vmeste s toplinym jelementom ili otdel'no s pomoshh'ju kontejnera dlja vygruzki topliva. (author)

Kinematical analysis, pole forces and energy cost of Nordic walking: Slope influence [Kinematická analýza, síla holí a spotřeba energie u severské chůze: Vliv sklonu podložky

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jakub Krejčí

2011-06-01

necessary to enhance the involvement of the upper limbs.[VÝCHODISKA: Několik studií, které se týkají severské chůze bylo již publikováno, avšak obvykle byly zaměřeny fyziologické nebo kinematické parametry. Až do současnosti byla prezentována pouze jedna studie, která zkoumala velikost síly, kterou při severské chůzi působí subjekt na hole. V naší pilotní studii je severská chůze posuzována komplexněji prostřednictvím fyziologických a biomechanických metod. CÍLE: Cílem pilotní studie bylo porovnat biomechanické a fyziologické parametry při chůzi s a bez holí při různém sklonu podložky. METODIKA: Studie se zúčastnil jeden muž. Při chůzi na běhátku byly sledovány základní časové, úhlové a silové parametry, spotřeba energie a intenzita zatížení. Subjekt absolvoval devíti minutové měření (severská chůze, chůze, které se skládalo ze tří tříminutových intervalů s různým sklonem podložky (0 %, 5 %, 10 %. VÝSLEDKY: Severská chůze se vzhledem k chůzi bez holí vyznačovala při všech sklonech podložky menší flexí v kyčelním a kolenním kloubu, menší dorzální flexí v hlezenním kloubu a větší extenzí v kyčelním kloubu. Maximum plantární flexe při severské chůzi nebylo ovlivněno sklonem povrchu (na rozdíl od chůze bez holí. Při severské chůzi došlo ve všech sklonech podložky ke snížení frekvence kroku. Parametry velikost impulsu síly a maximální využití síly odvozené ze síly naměřené na holích vykazoval rozdíly mezi pravou a levou končetinou. Spotřeba kyslíku a srdeční frekvence při severské chůzi byly při srovnání s chůzí bez holí větší ve všech sledovaných podmínkách. ZÁVĚRY: Sklon podložky ovlivňuje jak chůzi bez holí, tak chůzi s holemi. Důvodem je větší pohyb těžiště ve vertikálním směru. Při severské chůzi a mírném sklonu podložky vyšetřovaná osoba reagovala na vyšší energetické po

Radiation Synthesis of Stannous Dibromodibutyl; Synthese radiochimique de l'etain dibromopibutyle; Radiatsionno-khimicheskij sintez dibromdibutilolova; Sintesis radioquimica del dffiromodibutilestano

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abramova, L. V.; Vereshchinskij, I. V.; Kocheshkov, K. A.; Miretskij, V. Yu.; Pozdneev, V. V.; Ryabukhin, Yu. S.; Sheverdina, N. I.

1963-11-15

dosimetro de sulfato de hierro es de {approx}50 rad/s. Se utilizaron diversas proporciones de estafio metalico en polvo y bromuro de butilo de distintos grados de pureza. Se comprobo que en tales condiciones se desarrolla una reaccion radioquimica orientada en virtud de la cual se produce basicamente dibromodibutilestaflo con elevado rendimiento. Se demostro que el proceso tiene un periodo de induccion cuya duracion depende de la pureza del bromuro de butilo inicial. Este mismo factor influye tambien notablemente en la velocidad de formacion del producto final. Se comprobo que el estafio que no interviene en la reaccion puede volver a utilizarse para obtener dibromodibutilestaflo, pero en ese caso se anula por completo el periodo de induccion. Estas propiedades satisfacen los requisitos para la realizacion de un proceso continuo. Los autores proponen un mecanismo de reaccion, para explicar las leyes de este proceso que se desarrolla con un elevado rendimiento radioquimico. (author) [Russian] Printsipial'naya vozmozhnost' sinteza olovoorganicheskikh soedinenij pri dejstvii {gamma}-izlucheniya Co{sup 60} na smesi metallicheskogo olova i sootvetstvuyushchikh galoidalkilov vpervye byla ustanovlena Abramovoj, Kocheshkovym i SHeverdinoj v 1956 g. Usloviya provedeniya opytov v steklyannoj apparature bez peremeshivaniya ne pozvolyali vyyavit' kineticheskie zakonomernosti obrazovaniya ehtogo klassa metalloorganicheskikh soedinenij. Nastoyashchaya rabota byla postavlena dlya vyyasneniya vliyaniya ryada faktorov na skorost' radiatsionno-khimicheskogo sinteza olovoorganicheskikh soedinenij na primere dibromdibutilolova. S ehtoj tsel'yu byla skonstruirovana i izgotovlena spetsial'naya ustanovka s periodicheskoj zagruzkoj komponentov i vygruzkoj produktov reaktsii. Otlichitel'nymi osobennostyami ustanovki yavlyalis' vozmozhnost' ee termostatirovaniya, osushchestvlenie ehffektivnogo peremeshivaniya i periodicheskogo otbora prob dlya analizov. Osnovnoj uzel ustanovki (reaktsionnyj sosud iz

Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Insects and Other Arthropods; Effet des rayonnements ionisants sur les insectes et autres arthropodes; Vozdejstvie ioniziruntsej radiatsii na nasekomykh i drugikh chlenistonogikh; Efectos de las radiaciones ionizantes sobre los insectos y otros artropodos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stone, William E. [United States Department of Agriculture Laboratories, Mexico City, D.F (Mexico)

1963-09-15

radiaciones gamma en la capacidad de reproduccion, los instintos sexuales, el vigor y la longevidad de la mosca oriental de la fruta, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, la mosca del melon, Dacus cucurbitae Coq., la mosca mediterranea, Ceratitis capitata Wied., la mosca de la fruta mejicana, Anastrepha ludens Loew, y el Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, e indica los resultados de la campada de exterminio obtenidos en la practica liberando machos esteriles. Revisa tambien los progresos realizados en los Estados Unidos en la campana para exterminar la Cochliomya hominivorax Cqrl., y en los estudios para desarrollar cepas vigorosas, marcadas geneticamente, que permitan identificar con facilidad las moscas esteriles liberadas. Se discuten tambien los resultados de las investigaciones sobre la irradiacion de otras seis especies que atacan a frutas, verduras y otros cultivos agricolas y forestales, otras tres que atacan al ganado, y tres mas que atacan principalmente al hombre. Se trata asimismo de la irradiacion del escorpion, Centruroides limp idus Karsch y del aracnido Amblyomma americanum L., y de la posibilidad de emplear radiaciones ionizantes como tratamiento de cuarentena para las frutas y verduras infestadas con la mosca de la fruta y para los mangos infestados con el gorgojo Stemochetus mangiferae Fabricius. (author) [Russian] V nastoyashchee vremya provodyatsya issledovaniya vozmozhnosti primeneniya metoda sterilizatsii posredstvom oblucheniya dlya unichtozheniya populyatsij tselogo ryada nasekomykh, porazhaptsikh cheloveka, zhivotnykh i razlichnye kul'tury. Ehti predvaritel'nye issledovaniya pokazali, chto ioniziruyushchee obluchenie privodit k sterilizatsii, no chto dlya ehtoj tseli trebuyutsya chrezvychajno raznoobraznye dozy. Okazalos', chto v nekotorykh sluchayakh radiatsionnye povrezhdeniya mogut isklyuchit' vozmozhnost' primeneniya ehtogo metoda u nekotorykh nasekomykh. Prepyatstvie, kotoroe zachastuyu prikhoditsya preodolevat', zaklyuchaetsya v otsutstvii prakticheskikh metodov

16-channel analyser with high time-resolution for multiple coincidence experiments; Selecteur a 16 canaux a temps de resolution eleve pour experiences de coincidences multiples; Ispol'zovanie shestiadtsatikanal'nogo analizatora s bol'shoj razreshayushchej sposobnost'yu po vremeni dlya opytov s mnogokratnymi sovpadeniyami; Analizador de 16 canales de elevado poder temporal de resolucion para experimentos de coincidencias multiples

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brandt, B; Cappeller, U [University of Marburg, Marburg, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

1962-04-15

'empilement des impulsions. La largeur du canal est commandee par un amplificateur a fenetre, ajustable entre 1 V et 7 V. La hauteur du canal peut etre reglee entre 7 V et 103 V, de 0,5 V en 0,5 V. (author) [Spanish] En los experimentos de coincidencia lenta-rapida se cuentan generalmente sucesos cuya amplitud de impulso ha sido seleccionada por medio de analizadores de un solo canal. Resulta conveniente lograr que estas tecnicas permitan analizar simultaneamente las energias de varios impulsos, seleccionando sus amplitudes por medio de analizadores de canales multiples. Los analizadores que se emplean en los experimentos de coincidencia multiple deben informar sobre las amplitudes de los impulsos incidentes (ordenandolos en canales de amplitud) tras un intervalo de tiempo bien definido despues de establecido el impulso que se analiza. Se describe un analizador de amplitudes de impulso de 16 canales que permite generar una senal de amplitud de impulso 2,5 x 10{sup -6} s despues de establecido este, con un error inferior a 2 x 10{sup -8} s. El tiempo de resolucion es menor de 5 x 10{sup -6} s y esta controlado por un circuito inspector para evitar distorsiones debidas a la acumulacion de impulsos. La anchura del canal, controlada por un amplificador de ventana, es ajustable entre 1 y 7 V. La posicion del canal puede variarse entre 7 y 103 V a intervalos de 0,5 V. (author) [Russian] Pri obychnykh opytakh s medlennymi i bystrymi sovpadeniyami proizvoditsya otschet velichin, kotorye vybirayutsya po amplitude impul'sov pri pomoshchi odnokanal'nykh analizatorov. Predstavlyaetsya zhelatel'nym rasprostranit' ehti metody na odnovremennyj analiz ehnergii impul'sov, putem otbora impul'sov po amplitude pri pomoshchi mnogokanal'nykh analizatorov. Mnogokanal'nye analizatory, primenyaemye dlya proizvodstva takogo roda opytov s mnogokratnymi sovpadeniyami, dolzhny davat' svedeniya otnositel'no amplitudy postupayushchikh impul'sov (raspredelyaya ikh po amplitudnym kanalam) v tochno opredelennye

Struttura e dinamica di popolazione del Capriolo (Capreolus capreolus nella Riserva Naturale Bosco di Vanzago

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. Sotti

2003-10-01

Full Text Available La ricerca effettuata sulla popolazione di Capriolo (Capreolus capreolus nella Riserva Naturale Bosco di Vanzago aveva lo scopo di approfondire le conoscenze sulla struttura e sulla dinamica di una popolazione d'ambiente planiziale che vive in condizioni del tutto peculiari: origine da un numero limitato di fondatori, isolamento, assenza di predatori naturali, elevata densità. Dal 1984 la popolazione è stata monitorata mediante censimenti in battuta e da punti di vantaggio, dai quali è stata ricavata una stima della dimensione della stessa pari a 54 individui nel 2003. La struttura di popolazione ed i parametri demografici sono stati rilevati dal 1994 anche mediante osservazioni dirette, effettuate percorrendo settimanalmente un tracciato standard finalizzato a coprire l'intera area di studio. La popolazione è risultata significativamente sbilanciata a favore delle femmine con una sex-ratio, nell'ultimo biennio, pari a 1,4 (Χ² = 49,36; g.l. = 1; P < 0,0001. La classe d'età degli adulti (maggiori di 2 anni è stata la più rappresentata (50,2%, mentre quella dei giovani la meno numerosa (23,6%. Per stimare l'andamento della popolazione nel tempo, sono stati elaborati i parametri demografici per effettuare delle simulazioni di vitalità (PVA utilizzando il software Vortex 8.21. Nonostante l'elevata densità di caprioli all'interno dell'area di studio, sia in assenza sia in presenza di depressione da inbreeding e considerando la riproduzione indipendente dalla densità, la popolazione nei successivi 30 anni non andrebbe incontro ad una diminuzione significativa del numero né della probabilità di sopravvivenza che, in entrambi i casi, si manterrebbe attorno al 99%. Nel caso in cui esistesse, invece, una correlazione tra successo riproduttivo e densità, si assisterebbe ad un sensibile decremento sia nei livelli di popolazione (inferiore alle cinque unità dopo trent'anni sia nella probabilità di sopravvivenza (ridotta al 20% dopo

Changes of Selected Hematological Parameters and Morning Rest Rate during Ten Days High Altitude Stay and Training

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jiří Suchý

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Changes of Selected Hematological Parameters and Morning Rest Rate during Ten Days High Altitude Stay and Training This article describes the influence of a ten day stay and training in a high altitude area (1850 m ASL on selected blood count parameters and morning resting heart rate. Three tests were performed on a group of young cross country skiers (n = 10, age: 18.7 ± 4.8: two days before, two days after and ten days after the altitude training camp. Two day after the return, significant (p 0.05. The study in a group of young cross country skiers has shown positive effects of a tenday training camp in high altitude on blood count parameters and morning resting heart rate monitored in lowland two and ten days after the return from high altitude. Změny vybraných hematologických parametrů a ranní klidové srdeční frekvence v průběhu desetidenního tréninku a pobytu ve vyšší nadmořské výšce Článek popisuje vliv desetidenního tréninku a pobytu ve vyšší nadmořské výšce (1850 m n. m. na vybrané parametry krevního obrazu a ranní klidové srdeční frekvence. U skupiny mladých běžců na lyžích (n = 10, věk: 18,7 ± 4,8 byly realizovány celkem tři odběry krve: dva dny před soustředěním ve výšce, dva dny a deset dnů po návratu do nížiny. Dva dny po návratu byly signifikantně (p 0,05. Průměrné hodnoty ranní klidové srdeční frekvence byly během soustředění ve výšce vyšší než před odjezdem v nížině (p 0,05. Námi realizovaný výzkum u skupiny mladých běžců na lyžích prokázal pozitivní efekt desetidenního pobytu a tréninku ve vyšší nadmořské výšce (1850 m n. m. na sledované krevní parametry a ranní klidovou srdeční frekvenci v nížině po návratu.

Porównanie stężeń tlenku azotu w powietrzu wydychanym i pH kondensatu powietrza wydychanego u dzieci chorych na astmę i zdrowych

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bolesław Kalicki

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Istotą astmy jest proces zapalny toczący się w śluzówce drzewa oskrzelowego. Parametry oceniające nasilenie tego procesu stosowane do tej pory są mało obiektywne i trudne do uzyskania, zwłaszcza u dzieci. Możliwość rzetelnej oceny intensywności tego procesu wpłynęłaby na dokładniejszą diagnozę pacjenta i zobiektywizowałaby postępowanie lecznicze. W ostatnim okresie ukazało się wiele prac poświęconych poszukiwaniu takich narzędzi, które w łatwy, nieinwazyjny i tani sposób odzwierciedlą stan zapalny w układzie oddechowym. Za jeden z takich wykładników uznawany jest pomiar stężenia tlenku azotu (NO w wydychanym powietrzu. Jego stężenie zależy od aktywności iNOS – enzymu aktywowanego między innymi przez czynniki zapalne. Oznacza się go metodami chemiluminescencyjnymi. Wzrost stężenia sugeruje nasilenie zapalenia oskrzeli. Innym markerem stanu zapalnego branym pod uwagę w wielu badaniach jest pH kondensatu powietrza wydychanego (KPW, który jest pochodną płynu pokrywającego powierzchnię pęcherzyków płucnych. Spośród wielu substancji w nim rozpuszczonych oznaczanie jego pH jest najłatwiejszą metodą analizy KPW. Zauważono, że pH tego płynu spada w chorobach przebiegających z nasileniem stanu zapalnego w płucach. Obie wymienione metody są stosunkowo tanie i proste do zastosowania (również w populacji dziecięcej. Celem niniejszego badania była ocena stężeń NO w powietrzu wydychanym i pH KPW u dzieci z rozpoznaną astmą w okresie zaostrzenia choroby i porównanie tych wyników z wartościami uzyskanymi w grupie dzieci zdrowych. Do badań włączono 26 dzieci w wieku od 8 do 17 lat. Pomiędzy obiema grupami dzieci – zdrowych i chorych, uzyskano statystycznie znamienną różnicę wyników zarówno stężenia NO w powietrzu wydychanym, jak i pH KPW. W przypadku zaostrzenia astmy stężenie NO rosło, a pH KPW malało, oba parametry korelowały ze sobą. Wyniki te pozostają w zgodzie

Postoperative low-pelvic irradiation for stage I-IIA cervical cancer patients with risk factors other than pelvic lymph node metastasis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hong, J.-H.; Tsai, C.-S.; Lai, C.-H.; Chang, T.-C.; Wang, C.-C.; Lee, Steve P.; Tseng, C.-J.; Hsueh, Swei

2002-01-01

Purpose: To retrospectively investigate whether postoperative low-pelvic radiotherapy (RT) is an appropriate treatment for node-negative, high-risk Stage I-IIA cervical cancer patients. Methods and Materials: A total of 228 Stage I-IIA cervical cancer patients treated by radical surgery and postoperative RT were included in this study. All patients had histopathologically negative pelvic node metastasis, but at least one of the following risk factors: parametrial involvement, positive or close resection margins, invasion depth two-thirds or greater cervical stromal thickness. Seventy-nine patients (35%) received 30-50 Gy (median 44) to whole pelvis and a boost dose to the low pelvis (whole-pelvic RT group); the other 149 patients (65%) received low-pelvic RT only (low-pelvic RT group). For both groups, the total external RT dose to the low pelvis ranged from 40 to 60 Gy (median 50). The potential factors associated with survival, small bowel (gastrointestinal) complications, and leg lymphedema were analyzed, and patients who had a relapse in the upper pelvis were identified. Results: The 5-year overall and disease-specific survival rate was 84% and 86%, respectively. After multivariate analysis, only bulky tumor (≥4 cm) and non-squamous cell carcinoma were significantly associated with survival. Parametrial involvement, lymph-vascular invasion, ≤50.4 Gy to the low pelvis, positive or close margins, and low-pelvic RT alone did not significantly affect survival. Grade I-V small bowel complications occurred in 33 patients (15%). Whole pelvic RT and >50.4 Gy to the low pelvis, but not old age and treatment technique (AP-PA vs. box), were significantly associated with gastrointestinal complications. Three patients (2%) in the low-pelvic RT group and 6 patients (8%) in the whole-pelvic RT group were found to have Grade III or higher small bowel complications (p=0.023). Thirty-one percent of patients developed lymphedema of the leg. A dose to the low pelvis >50.4 Gy

High-dilution on-stream isotopic tracer techniques; Emploi d'indicateurs radioactifs tres dilues pour le controle les courants; Metody primeneniya sil'no razbavlennykh v potokakh izotopnykh indikatorov; Empleo de indicadores radiactivos muy diluidos en el control de corrientes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johnston, W H; Findeis, A F; Vestal, M [William H . Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Baltimore, MD (United States)

1962-01-15

, svyazyvayushchie trebuemye urovni kontsentratsii indikatorov, pribornoe oborudovanie, ehffektivnost' detektorov, trebuemuyu statisticheskuyu nadezh- nost', zhelatel'nuyu prodolzhitel'nost' vremeni, udelyaemogo na izmerenie obraztsa i fona, skorost' techeniya potoka i kharakter radioizotopnogo indikatora. EHti uravneniya predstavleny graficheski i dayut vozmozhnost' legko vybrat' nuzhnuyu dlya togo ili inogo primeneniya kontsentratsiyu indikatora. Razbiraetsya programma vzyatiya obraztsov dlya primeneniya indikatorov v shirokom masshtabe v voprosakh izucheniya ustojchivogo sostoyaniya i pul'siruyushchikh vpuskov. V poslednem sluchae smeshivanie v prodol'nom napravlenii traktuetsya po teorii koehffitsientov vikhrevoj diffuzii. Iskhodya iz nekotorykh predpolozhitel'nykh parametrov, mozhno opredelit' rasstoyanie, na kotorom mozhno obnaruzhit' indikator, i moment, kogda indikator vpervye dokhodit do mesta zamera, v funktsii ot rasstoyaniya mezhdu mestom vpuska indikatora i mestom vzyatiya obraztsa. Dlya mecheniya potokov sil'no razbavlennymi radioizotopami s pomoshch'yu beta-izluchatelej primenyayutsya detektory v vide bol'shikh schetchikov nizkogo urovnya s trubkami, zapolnennymi gazom, fol'ga-potochnye schetchiki i plasticheskie stsintillyatory. Opisyvayutsya novye schetchiki antisovpadenij. Podcherkivayutsya preimushchestva ehkranirovaniya materialami s nizkim atomnym chislom. Ukazyvayutsya novejshie dostizheniya v schete pri pomoshchi ustojchivykh rabotayushchikh na tranzistorakh ehlektronnykh ustrojstv nizkogo urovnya. Opisyvayutsya novyj usilitel' i novyj tunnel'nyj summiruyushchij diodnyj kontur. Dayutsya primery neskol'kikh novykh primenenij sil'no razbavlennykh indikatorov v potokakh dlya razresheniya problemy opoznavaniya istochnika zagryazneniya v rekakh i ruch'yakh. (author)

The use of radioactive tracers in lubrication and wear research; Emploi des indicateurs radioactifs dans les recherches sur la lubrification et l'usure; Ispol'zovanie mechenykh atomov pri issledovanii voprosov smazki i iznosa; Utilizacion de los indicadores radiactivos en los estudios sobre la lubricacion y el desgaste

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Campbell, R B; Grunberg, L; Milne, A A; Wright, K H.R. [Lubrication, Wear and Mechanical Engineering Aspects of Corrosion Division, National Engineering Laboratory, Thorntonhall, Glasgow (United Kingdom)

1962-01-15

, se insertan en las camisas de un motor diesel varillas de fundicion que contienen iridio-192, y se mide la radiactividad de las muestras de aceite. Se utilizan particulas radiactivas de hierro y de oxido de hierro para estudiar su influencia en los procesos de desgaste. Empleando acido estearico marcado con carbono-14 y azufre-35 en solucion, se investiga la reactividad de las superficies del metal sometido a tensiones. Por otra parte, se esta estudiando la velocidad de reaccion de los aditivos lubricantes de engranajes haciendo pasar impulsos breves de corriente electrica a traves de hilos metalicos sumergidos en soluciones de compuestos marcados con azufre-35 y fosforo-32. Se investiga la formacion de peliculas antidesgaste en la superficie de los dientes de los engranajes en funcion de la carga, de la velocidad y del tiempo de funcionamiento. En muchas de estas aplicaciones se tropieza con la dificultad de tener que calcular las cantidades absolutas de materiales presentes en las peliculas que se forman en la superficie, o en las particulas originadas por el desgaste, a partir de la actividad medida. Con tal objeto se han elaborado metodos de calibracion. (author) [Russian] Vo mnogikh problemakh smazki i iznosa sleduet izuchat' protsessy, vstrechayushchiesya v ochen' malykh masshtabakh. Pri ehtom uspeshno ispol'zovalas' bol'shaya chuvstvitel'nost' indikatornykh metodov. Nekotorye primery podobnogo ispol'zovaniya ehtikh metodov dayutsya iz raboty otdela smazki i amortizatsii Natsional'noj tekhnicheskoj laboratorii Velikobritanii. Kolichestvennoe sootnoshenie mezhdu metallicheskoj peredachej i poverkhnost'yu treniya izuchaetsya kak funktsiya skorosti proskal'zyvaniya nerovnosti poverkhnosti i nalichiya smazochnykh materialov. Dlya togo, chtoby proanalizirovat' raspredelenie iznosa, chugunnye probki, soderzhashchie iridij-192, vstavlyayutsya v prokladki dizelya. Radioaktivnost', imeyushchayasya vo vzyatykh obraztsakh masla, zameryaetsya. Radioaktivnoe zhelezo i

Production of Strontium-90 Thermal Power Sources; Fabrication de sources d'energie thermique au strontium-90; Proizvodstvo istochnikov ''teplovoj ehnergii iz Sr''9''0; Preparacion de fuentes de energia termica con estroncio-90

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cochran, J. S.; Bloom, J. L.; Schneider, A. [Martin Company, Nuclear Division, Baltimore 3, MD (United States)

1963-11-15

debido a su abundancia, a sus propiedades nucleares y a la relativa facilidad con que permite construir generadores compactos de calor. Se emplean ya generadores a base de estroncio-90 para suministrar energia a centrales meteorologicas automaticas y aparatos auxiliares para la navegacion, y se esta estudiando la posibilidad de emplear este isotopo como fuente de energia para vehiculos espaciales. Se estudiaron diversos compuestos de estroncio que podian servir para este fin y se eligio el titanato porque reune las propiedades mas adecuadas. El estronico-90 se separa del resto d e los productos brutos de fision y se purifica hasta el grado requerido en las instalaciones de Hanford de la Comision de Energia Atomica de los Estados Unidos. Seguidamente se introduce en forma de carbonato en la ''celda caliente'' de la Martin Company, donde se transforma en pastilla, de titanato. Se sigue e l mismo proceso que en las tecnicas quimicas y ceramicas, pero adaptado para la manipulacion a distancia. Seguidamente las pastillas se encapsulan en recipientes de ''Hastelloy C'' para emplearlas en los generadores de energia termoelectrica. Estos procesos presentan problemas poco corrientes debido a que las grandes cantidades de estroncio-90 que se manejan (que podrian alcanzar millones de curies por ano) pueden originar gravisimos riegos radiologicos y de contaminacion. La memoria describe la instalacion, el equipo, el proceso y los criterios de seguridad. Describe tambien la experiencia adquirida recientemente al elaborar el combustilble para el generador SNAP-7 con los primeros 250 000 s de estroncio-90. Proporciona algunos detalles sobre los procedimientos de encapsulado, calorimetros, de descontaminacion y de evacuacion de desechos. (author) [Russian] Odnoj iz naibolee interesnykh oblastej primeneniya ogromnogo kolichestva radioaktivnykh otkhodov yavlyaetsya ispol'zovanie ikh v ustanovkakh s neposredstvennym preobrazovaniem ehnergii, prednaznachennykh dlya raboty v otdalennykh

Some solvent extraction studies of trivalent metal halides; Quelques etudes sur l'extraction par solvant d'halogenures de metaux trivalents; Izuchenie ehkstraktsii nekotorykh rastvoritelej iz trekhvalentnykh metallicheskikh galoidov; Algunos estudios de la extraccion mediante disolventes de haluros de metales trivalentes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dietz, Jr, R J; Mendez, J; Irvine, Jr, J W [Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States)

1962-03-15

'no vysokimi diehlektricheskimi svojstvami. Po kolebaniyam koehffitsienta ehkstraktsii pri razlichnoj kontsentratsii metalla byla poluchena konstanta ionizatsii vspomogatel'nogo ehlektrolita, HCl ili HBr, v nevodnoj faze s ispol'zovaniem metoda, razrabotannogo Poskantserom. Variatsii koehffitsienta ehkstraktsii s kontsentratsiej HX ispol'zovalis' dlya rascheta konstant stabil'nosti dlya slozhnykh obraztsov MX{sub 3} i MX{sub 4}{sup -}. Tak kak oni yavlyayutsya reaktsiyami vodnoj fazy, to ne zavisyat ot ispol'zovannogo organicheskogo rastvoritelya, i poluchena polnaya soglasovannost' dlya In (III)-HCl pri ispol'zovanii dvojnogo ehfira (2-khloroehtil) i nitrobenzola. Popytki provedeniya otsenki obrazovaniya konstant dlya gallievogo khlorida i soedinenij broma okonchilis' neudachej, tak kak slozhnoe obrazovanie proiskhodit v ochen' uzkom diapazone kontsentratsii kisloty. Raschety na osnove rezul'tatov ehkstraktsii fraktsii (GaCl{sub 4}{sup -})/{Sigma} Ga (III) v kachestve funktsii ot kontsentratsii NS1 nakhodyatsya v kolichestvennom sootvetstvii s rezul'tatami, poluchennymi Krausom i Nel'sonom pri izmerenii ionnogo obmena. (author)

Diagnosis of Intracranial Lesions by Gamma-Encephalography using Human Serum Albumin Labelled with Iodine-131; Diagnostic des lesions intracraniennes par la gamma-encephalographie a l'aide de la serumalbumine humaine marquee a l'iode 131; Diagnoz vnutricherepnykh povrezhdenij putem gamma-ehntsefalografii pri pomoshchi mechenoj iodom-131 albuminovoj syvorotki cheloveka; Diagnostico de las lesiones intracraneanas por gammaencefalografia mediante sero- albumina humana marcada con yodo-131

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Planiol, Therese [Institut National d' Hygiene, Paris (France)

1959-07-01

sto pyat'desyat sopovozhdalis' ochagom dlitel'noj povyshennoj gamma-aktivnosti. Opukholi, kotorye ne poddalis' obsledovaniyu, yavlyayutsya napolovinu opukholyami polushariya mozga, a napolovinu - opukholyami zadnej polosti i shishkovidnoj zhelezy. Byli obnaruzheny gnojniki, krovyanye opukholi, mestnye vetvistye anevrizmy. Povrezhdenie mozgovoj tkani i krovenosnykh sosudov vyzvalo v odnoj treti sluchaev anomalii: polovina ehtikh anormal'nykh grafikov imeet formu, kharakternuyu dlya razmyagcheniya godovnogo mozga (ili tromboz), nalichie kotorogo mozhet byt' takim obrazom ustanovleno; drugie zhe napominayut grafiki opukholej s toj edinstvennoj raznitsej, chto anomalii ischezayut cherez neskol'ko nedel' v sluchayakh povrezhdeniya krovenosnykh sosudov; dve treti ehtikh povrezhdenij dayut otritsatel'nuyu gamma- ehntsefalogrammu. Rasshirenie arterij, bezopukhol'ny e ochagi, vyzyvayushchie pripadki ehpillepsii i razlichnye zabolevaniya chisto nevrologicheskog o kharaktera dali v 96% sluchaev normal'nye rezul'taty. Obsledovanie mozga pri pomoshchi radioaktivnog o albumina mozhet dat' tsennye svedeniya ne tol'ko o nalichii i tochnom mestonakhozhdeni i nevrokhirurgicheskikh povreyasdenij, no i v otnoshenii ikh kharaktera. V chastnosti, ono daet bol'shie vozmozhnosti dlya opredeleniya opukholej mozgovykh obolochek, gliom i metastazov. Ehti vozmozhnosti, sovmestno so svedeniyami, kasayushchimisya polozhitel'nogo i topograficheskogo diagnoza, pridayut dannomu vidu obsledovaniya osobyj interes po sravneniyu s drugimi metodami nevrologicheskog o diagnoza. Krome togo gamma-ehntsefalografi ya obeshchaet stat' odnim iz naibolee tochnykh sredstv dlya obnaruzheniya retsidivov i dlya nablyudeniya za khodom lecheniya obychnymi metodami ili radioterapii. (author)

Preoperative Concurrent Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy for Bulky Stage IB2, IIA, and IIB Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix With Proximal Parametrial Invasion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huguet, Florence; Cojocariu, Oana-Maria; Levy, Pierre; Lefranc, Jean-Pierre; Darai, Emile; Jannet, Denis; Ansquer, Yan; Lhuillier, Pierre-Eugene; Benifla, Jean-Louis; Seince, Nathalie; Touboul, Emmanuel

2008-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate toxicity, local tumor control, and survival after preoperative chemoradiation for operable bulky cervical carcinoma. Methods and Materials: Between December 1991 and July 2006, 92 patients with operable bulky stage IB2, IIA, and IIB cervical carcinoma without pelvic or para-aortic nodes on pretreatment imaging were treated. Treatment consisted of preoperative external beam pelvic radiation therapy (EBRT) and concomitant chemotherapy (CT) during the first and fourth weeks of radiation combining 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. The pelvic radiation dose was 40.5 Gy over 4.5 weeks. EBRT was followed by low-dose rate uterovaginal brachytherapy with a total dose of 20 Gy in 62 patients. After a median rest period of 44 days, all patients underwent Class II modified radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. Thirty patients who had not received preoperative uterovaginal brachytherapy underwent postoperative low-dose-rate vaginal brachytherapy at a dose of 20 Gy. The mean follow-up was 46 months. Results: Pathologic residual tumor was observed in 43 patients. After multivariate analysis, additional preoperative uterovaginal brachytherapy was the single significant predictive factor for pathologic complete response rate (p = 0.019). The 2- and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 80.4% and 72.2%, respectively. Pathologic residual cervical tumor was the single independent factor decreasing the probability of DFS (p = 0.020). Acute toxicities were moderate. Two severe ureteral complications requiring surgical intervention were observed. Conclusions: Concomitant chemoradiation followed by surgery for operable bulky stage I-II cervical carcinoma without clinical lymph node involvement can be used with acceptable toxicity. Pathologic complete response increases the probability of DFS

High-voltage power supplies for traveling wave tube WV-273A; Vysokovol`tnye istochniki pitaniya dlya LBV UV-273A

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lebedev, N I; Fateev, A A

1996-12-31

Paper presents a description of two modifications of high-volt power sources described for preamplifier on UV-273A type travelling wave tube (TWT). Power source where anode power circuit contains semiconducting high-volt switch on thyristors was designed to average pulse mode of TWT operation. Time of switching-in this power circuit constitutes 20 mcs. 2 refs.

Radioactive rare earths from fallout for study of particle movement in the sea; Etude du mouvement des particules dans la mer a l'aide de terres rares radioactives provenant de retombees; Ispol'zovanie osazhdayushchikhsya pri vypadenii radioaktivnykh redkikh zemel' dlya issledovaniya dvizheniya chastits v more; Estudio del movimiento de las particulas en el mar con ayuda de tierras raras radiactivas procedentes de las precipitaciones

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugihara, Thomas T [Clark University, Worcester, MA (United States); Bowen, Vaughan T [Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA (United States)

1962-01-15

poverkhnosti vody, chem izotopy, izvestnye kak rastvorimye. EHto zamechanie sovmestno s chastym nablyudeniem obogashcheniya redkimi zemlyami na glubine privodit nas k predpolozheniyu, chto redkie zemli bystro perenosyatsya v vertikal'nom napravlenii, blagodarya prilipaniyu k osedayushchim chastitsam. EHto predpolozhenie vpolne veroyatno v svete ''radiokolloidal'nogo'' povedeniya, obychno nablyudaemogo dlya redkikh zemel' pri rN morskoj vody. Delaetsya popytka istolkovat' nastoyashchee issledovanie v svyazi s obshchej kartinoj morskoj geokhimii trivalentnykh kationov, a takzhe podcherknut' isklyuchitel'nye i obychno poleznye aspekty opytov izucheniya vypadeniya pri pomoshchi radioaktivnykh indikatorov. (author)

Measurement of the wear rate of cast grinding balls using radioactive tracers; Evaluation de l'usure des boulets pour concasseurs, au moyen des indicateurs radioactifs; Izmerenie skorosti iznosa litykh drobil'nykh sharov pri pomoshchi mechenykh atomov; Medicion de la velocidad de desgaste de bolas trituradoras de acero colado con ayuda de indicadores radiactivos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Keys, J D; Eichholz, G G [Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa, ON (Canada)

1962-01-15

broyeur ayant une charge normale d'environ 75 tonnes et des echantillons ont ete preleves a des intervalles d'une semaine pour la recuperation des boulets radioactifs. Ces boulets etaient alors inspectes et peses, apres quoi on a pu calculer leur taux d'usure. Cette methode s'est revelee tres pratique. pour l'etude de la resistance des boulets a l'usure dans les conditions habituelles d'utilisation. (author) [Spanish] La velocidad de desgaste de las bolas trituradoras empleadas en los molinos suele ser dificil de determinar durante el funcionamiento de la maquina, y solo se poseen escasos conocimientos acerca de los factores que determinan su vida util. Los autores utilizaron con exito indicadores radiactivos para marcar bolas de acero colado, con miras a obtener informacion sobre su vida util en diversas condiciones de empleo y compararlas con otras bolas de composicion o tipo distintos. Tomaron un juego de bolas de acero marcadas, y observaron su comportamiento a lo largo de varias semanas de empleo en el molino, obteniendo asi datos estadisticos sobre el desgaste y la perdida de peso sufridos. En las pruebas experimentales anadieron {sup 60}Co al metal fundido antes de colarlas bolas y observaron su comportamiento utilizandolas en una mina de hierro y en otra de oro. Emplearon las bolas marcadas en un molino cuya carga normal es de 75 toneladas aproximadamente, y extrajeron semanalmente muestras del contenido de la maquina para separar bolas activas. Examinaron estas y las pesaron, calculando asi su velocidad de desgaste. Este procedimiento se ha revelado como un metodo practico para el estudio de la resistencia al desgaste de las bolas en condiciones industriales. (author) [Russian] Skorost' iznosa drobil'nykh sharov, ispol'zuemykh v sharovykh drobilkakh, obychno trudno poddaetsya opredeleniyu v rabochikh usloviyakh; k tomu zhe malo chto izvestno otnositel'no faktorov, opredelyayushchikh srok sluzhby drobil'nykh sharov. Dlya polucheniya svedenij o sroke sluzhby drobil

Mass dependence of intermetallic diffusion; Influence de la masse sur la diffusion intermetallique; Zavisimost' massy intermetallicheskoj diffuzii; Influencia de la masa sobre la difusion entre metales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lazarus, D [Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States)

1962-01-15

disolvente. El autor analiza tambien la influencia ejercida por la temperatura sobre ese efecto. (author) [Russian] Byli provedeny ehksperimenty dlya opredeleniya spetsificheskogo ehffekta izotopnykh mass na stepen' intermetallicheskoj diffuzii dlya togo, chtoby proverit' primenenie teorii ob{sup e}ma absolyutnoj reaktsii k protsessu diffuzii, a takzhe vychisleniya Bardina i KHerringa v otnoshenii korrelyatsii mezhdu izotopnym indikatorom i atomnymi perekhodami v rastvoritele. Primenyayutsya metody tochnykh sechenij s ispol'zovaniem izotopnykh indikatorov zheleza-55 i zheleza-59 v chistykh serebryanykh i mednykh odnokristallicheskikh obraztsakh. Dlya izmereniya nebol'shoj zavisimosti massy pri provedenii opyta trebuetsya bol'shaya tochnost'. Poskol'ku oba izotopa zheleza imeyut sovershenno razlichnye skhemy raspada, to tochnoe differentsirovannoe izmerenie aktivnosti mozhet byt' osushchestvleno s pomoshch'yu poglotitelej iz zolota i berilliya posle radiokhimicheskogo otdeleniya izotopnykh indikatorov ot osnovnogo materiala. Rezul'taty pokazyvayut, chto otnositel'naya skorost' diffuzii dvukh dannykh izotopov yavlyaetsya znachitel'no men'shej po sravneniyu s obychno ozhidaemoj skorost'yu blagodarya ili smeshcheniyu ot svoego polozheniya ravnovesiya vo vremya perekhodov v ehlementarnoj diffuzii ili sil'noj korrelyatsii mezhdu atomnymi perekhodami rastvoryaemogo veshchestva i rastvoritelya. Takzhe rassmatrivaetsya zavisimost' ehffekta ot temperatury. (author)

Gamma-radiography of the bronze door of the royal cathedral at Gniezno; Gammagraphy de la porte en bronze de la cathedrale royale de Gniezno; Gamma-radiorentgenografiya bronzovykh dverej korolevskogo kafedral'nogo sobora v Gnezno; Gammagrafia de la puerta de bronce de la real catedral de Gniezno

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Godlewski, Z [Polska Akademia Nauk, Warsaw (Poland)

1962-01-15

parties et comment le metal liquide avait ete achemine vers le moule. De plus, les radiologues desiraient determiner dans quelle mesure les examens radiographiques peuvent contribuer a la solution de ce genre de probleme. Pour obtenir des radiographies de la porte tout entiere, on a du recourir a la gammagraphie. On a utilise a cet effet le {sup 137}Cs et l'on a pris une centaine de radiographies. (author) [Spanish] El conocimiento de la tecnologia empleada en la elaboracion de objetos de interes historico reviste considerable interes para la historia de la tecnica. En Polonia existe un objeto muy interesante: la puerta de la catedral de Gniezno, fundida en bronce en el siglo XII. Esta puerta consta de dos hojas que se diferencian por el caracter de sus bajorrelieves, por sus dimensiones y por el procedimiento empleado en su construccion. La cara exterior de cada hoja esta dividida en nueve paneles con figuras esculpidas. Todas las escenas en bajorrelieve estan rodeadas de una orla enmarcada a su vez por una moldura. La investigacion de la tecnologia empleada en el medioevo para conseguir tan importante obra de fundicion ofrecia interes tanto para la historia del arte como para la historia de la fundicion. En este caso, se trataba de confirmar si cada hoja de la puerta habia sido fundida en una sola pieza o en varias, asi como averiguar la forma en que el metal liquido habia sido llevado hasta el molde de fundicion. Ademas, los radiologos deseaban averiguar hasta que punto las investigaciones radiograficas permiten resolver este tipo de problemas. Para lograr radiografias de la totalidad de la puerta fue preciso recurrir a la gammagrafia. Con este objeto se utilizo el isotopo {sup 137}Cs, obteniendose un centenar de radiografias. (author) [Russian] Znanie tekhnologii istoricheskikh ob{sup e}ktov vazhno dlya izucheniya istorii tekhniki. V Pol'she imeetsya ochen' interesnyj ob{sup e}kt: dveri kafedral'nogo sobora v Gnezno, otlitye iz bronzy v 12 veke. EHti dveri sostoyat iz

Electrical limitations to energy resolution in semiconductor particle detectors; Limitations electriques du pouvoir de resolution en energie des detecteurs a semi-conducteurs; Ehlektricheskie ogranicheniya razreshayushchej sposobnosti po ehnergii v poluprovodnikovykh detektorakh chastits; Limitaciones electricas en la resolucion energetica de detectores de particulas a base de semiconductores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hansen, W L; Goulding, F S [Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

1962-04-15

isklyuchitel'no svojstvami massy poluprovodnika, privodyatsya uravneniya, dayushchie teoreticheskie predely shuma pri sovmeshchenii detektorov s usilitelyami. Iz ehtikh uravnenij vidno, chto imeyutsya optimal'naya konstanta vremeni dlya usilitelya i napryazhenie smeshcheniya dlya detektora; pri soblyudenii ehtikh uslovij minimal'nyj shum ne zavisit ot udel'nogo soprotivleniya poluprovodnika. Dokazyvaetsya, chto nailuchshie rezul'taty raboty sistemy detektor-usilitel' zavisyat tol'ko ot ploshchadi detektiruyushchej poverkhnosti, vkhodnoj emkosti (za vychetom emkosti samogo detektora), sroka zhizni naimenee mnogochislennogo iz nositelej v poluprovodnike i ot krutizny vkhodnoj ehlektronnoj lampy usilitelya. Opisyvaetsya novaya konstruktsiya detektora s kol'tsevym ograditel'nym ehlektrodom v kachestve neot{sup e}mlemoj chasti konstruktsii detektora, chto v shirokoj mere ustranyaet shum, vyzyvaemyj poverkhnostnoj utechkoj. Soobshchayutsya ehksperimental'nye rezul'taty opredeleniya utechki detektora i razreshayushchej sposobnosti po ehnergii, khorosho sovpadayushchie s teoreticheskimi dannymi. Teoreticheskij predel shuma, vyrazhennogo v vide polnoj shiriny na polovine maksimuma, lezhit dlya kremnievykh detektorov tipa ''p'' v intervale ot 7 do 10 kev na 1 kv.cm pri 25{sup o}C. (author)

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PENERIMAAN PKB SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENERAPAN TARIF PROGRESIF DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PENERIMAAN BBNKB (STUDI PADA KANTOR CABANG PELAYANAN DISPENDA PROVINSI WILAYAH KOTA BANDUNG II KAWALUYAAN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sahidillah Nurdin

2016-03-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT This research was meant to find out motor vehicle tax revenue before and after progressive rates, whether there are differences motor vehicle tax revenue before and after the implementation of progressive rates, and influences motor vehicle tax revenue against the import duty receipts BBNKB. A method of research use is a method of comparative and descriptive analytical with the method approach case study. Analysis tool used is the t-test statistics parametris and simple regression test with scale ratio measurement. Hypothesis testing using the test average and difference test t. The research results shows that receipt of motor vehicle tax before the application of progressive rates up and down experience acceptance, motor vehicle tax revenues after the application of progressive rates are having an increasing trend on average, acceptance of progressive rates that there is a significant difference between motor vehicle tax revenues before and  after the  application  of  progressive  rates,  testing  of  the  influence  of  motor vehicle  tax revenues against the acceptance of the customs behind the name of a motor vehicle that is a motor vehicle tax revenues significantly to acceptance influential of the BBNKB Keywords : motor vehicle tax revenue, progressive rates, BBNKB of revenues.

Softverski model estimatora radijalne brzine ciljeva / Software model of a radial velocity estimator

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Dejan S. Ivković

2010-04-01

Full Text Available U radu je softverski modelovan novi blok u delu za obradu signala softverskog radarskog prijemnika, koji je nazvan estimator radijalne brzine. Detaljno je opisan način procene Doplerove frekvencije na osnovu MUSIC algoritma i ukratko prikazan način rada pri merenju. Svi parametri pri merenju klatera i detekcije simuliranih i realnih ciljeva dati su tabelarno, a rezultati grafički. Na osnovu analize prikazanih rezultata može se zaključiti da se pomoću projektovanog estimatora radijalne brzine može precizno proceniti Doplerov pomak u reflektovanom signalu od pokretnog cilja, a samim tim može se precizno odrediti njegova brzina. / In all analyses the MUSIC method has given better results than the FFT method. The MUSIC method proved to be better at estimation precision as well as at resolving two adjacent Doppler frequencies. On the basis of the obtained results, the designed estimator of radial velocity can be said to estimate Doppler frequency in the reflected signal from a moving target precisely, and, consequently, the target velocity. It is thus possible to improve the performances of the current radar as far as a precise estimation of velocity of detected moving targets is concerned.

Diffusion of Boron in Cobalt Sinters

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Borowiecka-Jamrozek J.

2013-12-01

Full Text Available W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badan procesu dyfuzji w warstwach powierzchniowych uzyskanych w wyniku nasycenia borem spieków otrzymanych z proszku kobaltu gatunku Co Extrafine. Warstwy otrzymano przy zastosowaniu proszkowej metody borowania opartej na wykorzystaniu mieszaniny o składzie: B4C jako składnik podstawowy stanowiacy zródło boru, (NH4Cl + NaF aktywator i Al2O3 jako wypełniacz. Zachowane były nastepujace parametry procesu: temperatura 950°C, czas 6h i 12h. Badania obejmowały wyznaczenie współczynnika dyfuzji w oparciu o strukture, grubosc uzyskanych i czas nasycenia warstw. Obserwacji naniesionych warstw dokonano za pomoca mikroskopu optycznego Leica DM-4000. Zdjecia ujawniły dwufazowa strukture warstw borkowych. Badania rentgenowskie potwierdziły wystepowanie faz o składzie: CoB i Co2B. Zbudowano model dyfuzji atomów boru w strukturze kobaltu zakładajac dyfuzje reaktywna. Obliczono współczynnik dyfuzji w oparciu o model atomowy dyfuzji wykorzystujac potencjały oddziaływan pomiedzy atomami boru i kobaltu. Otrzymane wyniki porównano z danymi doswiadczalnymi dyfuzji boru w innych materiałach.

Risk strata-based therapy and outcome in stage Ib-IIa carcinoma cervix: single-centre ten-year experience.

Science.gov (United States)

Kundargi, Rajshekar S; Guruprasad, B; Rathod, Praveen Shankar; Shakuntala, Pn; Shobha, K; Pallavi, Vr; Uma Devi, K; Bafna, Ud

2013-01-01

To review the outcome of stage (Ib, IIa), cervical cancer patients were primarily treated with radical hysterectomy and risk-based postoperative therapy. Between January 2001 and December 2011, 601 cases underwent surgery followed by tailored therapy. Patients were classified into low risk (pelvic lymph node negative, tumour less than 4 cm, no evidence of lympho-vascular invasion, less than one-third of thickness of surgical stoma involved), intermediate risk (positive lympho-vascular space invasion, tumour size more than 4 cm, and deep invasion of cervical stroma), and high risk (pelvic lymph node involved, positive parametrial, or vaginal margins) groups. Postoperative adju-vant therapy in the form of radiotherapy alone to those with intermediate risk and chemo-radiotherapy to those with high risk was given to patients. The median follow-up was 60 months. The majority of patients had intermediate risk. The overall event-free survival (EFS) at five years was 74.37%, with EFS of 86.5% in those from the low-risk group, 73% in those from the intermediate-risk group, and 64% in those from the high-risk group. In conclusion, risk strata-based adjuvant postoperative therapy is able to provide a favourable outcome in patients with stage Ib-IIa cervical cancer with a nearly 11% improvement in survival compared with historical control.

Ambiente sonoro e percezione di alcune caratteristiche dei parchi urbani: analisi e modelli - Sonic environment and perception of some features of urban parks: analysis and models

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giovanni Brambilla

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Sui dati raccolti in otto parchi urbani, comprendenti alcuni parametri acustici e le valutazioni dei fruitori sulla qualità complessiva del parco percepita e di alcune sue caratteristiche, si è proceduto a diverse analisi statistiche. L’analisi delle componenti principali e quella cluster gerarchica sui dati acustici ha fornito una classificazione in tre gruppi risultata poco sovrapponibile a quella ottenuta con l’analisi cluster e delle corrispondenze multiple condotta sui responsi soggettivi. La discrepanza, confermata anche da alcuni modelli di regressione logistica multinomiale, evidenzia l’influenza di altri fattori non acustici sulla percezione dell’ambiente dei parchi urbani. ------ Different statistical analyses have been carried out on data collected in eight urban parks, including some acoustical parameters and the appraisals of park visitors on the perceived overall quality of the park and some of its features. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster one on the acoustic data have identified three groups. This classification poorly overlaps that obtained by hierarchical cluster analysis and multiple correspondence one performed on subjective appraisals data. The difference, confirmed also by models developed by multinomial logistic regression, points out the influence of other non-acoustic factors on the perception of the urban parks environment.

Experimental evaluation of the oxygen transfer in bubble aeration systems. Full scale experiences in lengthened activated sludge reactors; Valutazione sperimantale del trasferimento dell'ossigeno in sistemi di aerazione a bolle fini. Esperienza a scala reale in reattori a fanghi attivi a forma allungata

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andreottola, G.; Ragazzi, M.; Tatano, F. [Trento Univ. (Italy). Dipt. di Ingegneria Civile. Ist. di Ingegneria Sanitaria-Ambientale

1999-06-01

The results of some full-scale oxygen transfer measurements conduced at the lengthened activate sludge tanks of two WWTPs of Trentino Region, are presented and discussed. As far at the tests in clean water are concerned, the non-liner regression method seems non accurate; important conclusion on the correlation between oxygen transfer process and typical parameters (i.e., fine-bubble diffusers, specific air flux) are derived. As far as the test in the wastewater is concerned, an increase of {alpha}-value from the inlet to the end of aeration tanks has been observed in the 'Andalo' WWTP. [Italian] Vengono presentati e discussi i risultati di alcune prove di ossigenazione a scala reale condotte presso due impianti di depurazione del Trentino. Con riferimento alle prove di acqua pulita, il metodo di elaborazione dati tramite regressione non lineare ai minimi quadrati e' apparso piu' preciso; inoltre si sono dedotti importanti considerazioni sulla correlazione tra processo di trasferimento dell'ossigeno e alcuni parametri di influenza (densita' diffusori, profondita' d'acqua, fouling diffusori, portata d'aria). La prova in liquame condotta presso l'impianto 'Andalo', ha rilevato un andamento crescente del fattore di correzione {alpha} verso 'in-out' di vasca.

Intraoperative irradiation in advanced cervical cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Delgado, G.; Goldson, A.L.; Ashayeri, E.; Petrilli, E.S.

1987-01-01

Conventional treatment of cervical cancer, such as radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy or pelvic exenteration, is limited to the pelvis. Standard radio-therapeutic treatment is a combination of external-beam radiotherapy to the pelvis and intracavitary applications. However, there is a group of patients for whom external radiotherapy alone has limitations. This group consists primarily of patients with large pelvic lymph nodes containing metastatic cancer, metastatically involved paraaortic lymph nodes outside the usual pelvic radiation field, or large central tumors with parametrial involvement. In patients with cancer of the cervix, the incidence of metastasis to paraaortic lymph nodes is high. Attempts to treat paraaortic nodes with external radiotherapy have resulted in high complication rates because the treatment field includes the highly sensitive gastrointestinal tract. External radiation therapy after retroperitoneal exploration of lymph nodes does not seem to improve survival. In an attempt to circumvent the morbidity and mortality associated with conventional external-beam irradiation, the authors initiated a pilot study of intraoperative electron-beam irradiation of the paraaortic nodes and of the large metastatic lymph nodes in the pelvis. The intraoperative boost was followed by conventional fractionated external-beam irradiation. The theoretical advantages of this procedure include a higher radiation tumor dose without a concomitant increase in treatment morbidity and mortality

Czynniki prognostyczne progresji radiologicznej w reumatoidalnym zapaleniu stawów

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Piotr Wiland

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Możliwość przewidywania odległych konsekwencji reumatoidalnegozapalenia stawów ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla podejmowaniawłaściwych decyzji terapeutycznych u danego chorego. Markeryprognostyczne są pomocne w identyfikacji chorych o dużym ryzykuszybkiej progresji radiologicznej. Utwierdzają one lekarzaw decyzji o rozpoczęciu intensywnego leczenia u chorych z możliwąznaczną destrukcją stawów w ciągu następnych kilku lat.W artykule zaprezentowano pilotażowy model ryzyka dla przewidywaniaszybkiej progresji radiologicznej. W celu stworzenia tegomodelu posłużono się danymi, w tym wynikami badań radiologicznychpochodzącymi z badania ASPIRE, w którym porównywanomonoterapię metotreksatem z leczeniem skojarzonym metotreksatemi infliksymabem. W tym modelu wybrano wyjściowe parametry,które są łatwe do uzyskania w rutynowej praktyce klinicznej,takie jak: stężenie białka C-reaktywnego, wartość odczynuopadania krwinek czerwonych, liczbę obrzękniętych stawów orazmiano czynnika reumatoidalnego. Ten macierzowy model ryzykamoże być przydatny w ocenie ryzyka postępującego uszkodzeniastawów, szczególnie u chorych z wczesnym zapaleniem stawów.

The character in Škola dlja Durakov. From the novel by Saša Sokolov to theatrical adaptations

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Irina Marchesini

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Sokolov’s Shkola dlya Durakov (A School for Fools, 1976 is an extremely complex novel, which “depicts [the] world”, as D. Barton Johnson (1986:640[1] poignantly observes, “through the eyes, and pure, if eccentric, language, of a schizophrenic youth”. How is it possible to translate such linguistic features and the effects they create into another medium? This question lies at the core of my proposal, which aims to approach the problem of intermedial translation from prose to theatre through the presentation of an individual case-study. In fact, A School for Fools has been staged by the director Andrey Moguchy (Formalny Theatre, Saint Petersburg, Russia. With the intention of reproducing Sokolov’s aesthetic construction of illusion, Moguchy introduces a new genre in the theatrical context, the so-called “vizualnaya associaciya” (“visual association”. As the director explained in a recent interview, this original genre recalls the Impressionists’ position in observing and representing nature, in order to obtain the same effectgenerated by the reading of the novel. To comprehend this process better, special attention is devoted to the construction of unusual, hybrid characters, highlighting their constitutive features both in the novel and in the theatrical adaptation. Moreover, this research seeks to enrich discussion of the work of Sokolov and Moguchy. [1] Johnson, D. Barton (1986 “Sasha Sokolov's Twilight Cosmos: Themes and Motifs”, in: Slavic Review, 45, 4 (Winter 1986, pp. 639-649.

Use of radioisotopes in studying the penetration of sulphur into iron during hydrogen cathode charging; Application des radioelements a l'etude de la penetration du soufre dans le fer lors du chargement en hydrogene cathodique; Ispol'zovanie radioehlementov dlya izucheniya proniknoveniya sery v zhelezo, kogda ona zaryazhaetsya katodnym vodorodom; Aplicacion de los radioelementos al estudio de la penetracion del azufre en el hierro durante la carga con hidrogeno catodico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Besnard, S; Talbot, J [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Vitry (France)

1962-01-15

soufre aux joints des grains. Ce resultat, qui ne pouvait etre obtenu qu'avec l'aide des radiotraceurs, a des consequences importantes notamment dans l'industrie des petroles. Une etude analogue a ete faite en utilisant le radioisotope 32 du phosphore. (author) [Spanish] Determinados elementos, como por ejemplo el arsenico, se emplean corrientemente en el laboratorio para fomentar la penetracion del hidrogeno en el hierro. Por otra parte, se ha comprobado en la industria que la presencia de acido sulfhidrico intensifica la corrosion de los aceros por el hidrogeno. Cabia preguntarse si estas sustancias, que hasta ahora se consideraban como catalizadores, solo fomentan la absorcion del hidrogeno, o si ejercen una influencia directa sobre el metal. Los autores han estudiado este fenomeno en su laboratorio con ayuda de hierro electrolitico puro. Han efectuado la sobresaturacion con hidrogeno por carga catodica. Como sustancia de adicion emplearon sulfuro de sodio marcado con azufre-35. Lograron demostrar que en media hora a la temperatura de -15 Degree-Sign C, el azufre penetra en el hierro hasta una profundidad de unas 120 {mu}m. Han podido comprobar ademas que el azufre se localiza preferentemente en los limites intergranulares. Este resultado, que solo pudo obtenerse gracias a los indicadores radiactivos, tiene importantes consecuencias, en especial para la industria del petroleo. Los autores han realizado un estudio analogo utilizando el radioisotopo 32 del fosforo. (author) [Russian] Nekotorye ehlementy, kak naprimer mysh'yak, obychno ispol'zovalis' v laboratorii dlya oblegcheniya proniknoveniya vodoroda v zhelezo. V promyshlennosti bylo ustanovleno, chto korroziya stalej, vyzvannaya prisutstviem vodoroda, usilivaetsya pri nalichii sernistogo vodoroda. Voznikal vopros, dopuskali li ehti veshchestva, rassmatrivaemye do sikh por v kachestve katalizatorov, tol'ko samuyu bol'shuyu absorbtsiyu ili okazyvali neposredstvennoe vozdejstvie na metall. Izuchenie ehtogo yavleniya

Rectal bleeding and its management after irradiation for cervix cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chun, Mi Son; Kang, Seung Hee; Kil, Hoon Jong; Oh, Young Taek; Sohn, Jeong Hye; Ryu, Hee Suk; Lee, Kwang Jae; Jung, Hye Young

2002-01-01

Radiotherapy is the main treatment modality for uterine cervix cancer. Since the rectum is in the radiation target volume, rectal bleeding is a common late side effect. The study evaluates the risk factors of radiation induced rectal bleeding and discusses its optimal management. A total of 213 patients who completed external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and intracavitary radiation (ICR) between September 1994 and December 1999 were included in this study. No patient had undergone concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. Ninety patients received radiotherapy according to a modified hyperfractionated schedule. A midline block was placed at a pelvic dose of between 30.6 Gy to 39.6 Gy. The total parametrial dose from the EBRT was 51 to 59 Gy depending on the extent of their disease. The point A dose from the HDR brachytherapy was 28 Gy to 30 Gy (4 Gy x 7, or 5 Gy x 6). The rectal point dose was calculated either by the ICRU 38 guideline, or by anterior rectal wall point seen on radiographs, with barium contrast. Rectal bleeding was scored by the LENT/SOMA criteria. For the management of rectal bleeding, we opted for observation, sucralfate enema or coagulation based on the frequency or amount of bleeding. The median follow-up period was 39 months (12 ∼ 86 months). The incidence of rectal bleeding was 12.7% (27/213); graded as 1 in 9 patients, grade 2 in 16 and grade 3 in 2. The overall moderate and severe rectal complication rate was 8.5%. Most complications (92.6%) developed within 2 years following completion of radiotherapy (median 16 months). No patient progressed to rectal fistula or obstruction during the follow-up period. In the univariate analysis, three factors correlated with a high incidence of bleeding: an icruCRBED greater than 100 Gy (19.7% vs. 4.2%), an EBRT dose to the parametrium over 55 Gy (22.1% vs. 5.1%) and higher stages of III and IV (31.8% vs. 10.5%). In the multivariate analysis, the icruCRBED was the only significant factor (ρ > 0.0432). The total

Habitat quality, water quality and otter distribution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christopher Mason

1995-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract In recent decades the otter (Lutra lutra has declined over much of Europe. Good habitat has been shown to be essential to otters. Specific elements of cover have been identified in some studies but the minimum cover requirements to support otter populations are not known. These are likely to vary in relation to other factors, such as disturbance. Habitat destruction has been severe in many areas of Europe. Water quantity is important to otters, especially where low flows destroy the food base, namely fish. However the minimum food requirements to support populations are not known. The main cause of the decline in otter populations is almost certainly bioaccumulating pollutants, especially PCBs. These are likely to be inhibiting recolonization in many areas. In Britain, catchment distribution of otters within regions is negatively correlated to mean PCB levels in otter spraints, and these are indicative of tissue levels. PCBs have been found in all samples studied. Current EC statutory monitoring is inadequate to protect otter populations from bioaccumulating contaminants. Standards are presented here for otter protection. More fundamental research is required to refine our understanding of the requirements of the otter. Riassunto Qualità ambientale, qualità dell'acqua e distribuzione della lontra - Negli ultimi decenni la lontra (Lutra lutra è diminuita su buona parte del suo areale europeo, dove particolarmente pesante è stata la distruzione di ambienti favorevoli. Habitat qualitativamente idonei sono essenziali per la sopravvivenza della specie. In alcuni studi, specifici parametri di copertura vegetale dei corpi idrici sono stati ritenuti importanti per la specie, ma quale sia il valore minimo di copertura riparia in grado di supportare una popolazione resta sconosciuto. I parametri di copertura variano probabilmente in relazione ad altri fattori, quali, ad

Electronic equipment of Cherenkov counters for detection of extensive atmospheric showers; Ehlektronnaya apparatura cherenkovskikh detektorov dlya registratsii shiroki kh atmosfernykh livnej

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klimov, A I; meleshko, L A; Pan` kov, A A

1996-12-31

Paper describes electronic system of designed to record extensive atmospheric showers based on application of Cherenkov counters. Modules of preamplifier and PM divider, amplifier-scanner of two channel unit of precise time correlation, 8-channel time coder with 0.5 ns channel width and 14-input master unit are developed to realize the suggested operating circuit. 2 refs.

Neutron scattering for lithium-ion batteries: analysis of materials and processes; Primenenie rasseyaniya nejtronov dlya analiza protsessov v litij-ionnykh akkumulyatorakh

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Balagurov, A. M.; Bobrikov, I. A. [Ob' ' edinennyj Inst. Yadernykh Issledovanij, Dubna (Russian Federation); Samojlova, N. Yu. [Ob' ' edinennyj Inst. Yadernykh Issledovanij, Dubna (Russian Federation); Nauchno-Issledovatel' skij Inst. Yadernoj Fiziki im. D.V.Skobel' tsyna, MGU im. V.V.Lomonosova, Moscow (Russian Federation); Drozhzhin, O. A.; Antipov, E. V. [Moskovskij Gosudarstvennyj Univ. im. M.V.Lomonosova, Moscow (Russian Federation)

2014-07-01

The use of neutron scattering to study the structure of materials used in portable power sources (mainly lithium-ion batteries) and to examine the structural changes of these materials during the electrochemical processes is reviewed. We consider the applications of several basic techniques: diffraction, small angle and inelastic neutron scattering, neutron reflectometry and neutron imaging. The experimental facilities that already exist in advanced neutron sources and a series of representative experiments are reviewed. The results of some studies of lithium-containing materials and lithium-ion batteries performed at the IBR-2 pulsed research reactor at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna) are presented.

Solid sources of krypton-85; Sources solides de krypton-85; Tverdye istochniki kriptona-85; Fuentes solidas de cripton-85

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Puig, J R; Sandier, J [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

1962-01-15

industria. Sin embargo, la preparacion de fuentes industriales de {sup 85}Kr plantea dificultades porque este elemento se presenta en forma gaseosa y no puede ser fijado quimicamente. En la presente memoria los autores exponen un metodo de fijacion del cripton en una matriz macromolecular obtenida por polimerizacion en masa de un monomero liquido que contiene al cripton, y describen la preparacion de dos tipos de fuentes obtenidas segun este principio - una a base de poliestireno y la otra a base de acetato de polivinilo. Estas fuentes dejan escapar parte del cripton, por lo que su actividad disminuye diariamente a razon de 8 % en el primer caso y de 3 % en el segundo. Estos decrecimientos aparentes permiten calcular los coeficientes de difusion del cripton en los polimeros. Al parecer, los enlaces de reticulacion del polimero impiden la difusion. (author) [Russian] Kripton-85, kotoryj yavlyaetsya dolgozhivushchim beta-izluchatelem i predstavlyaet soboj neznachitel'nuyu biologicheskuyu opasnost', daet vazhnye preimushchestva pri ego promyshlennom ispol'zovanii. No izgotovlenie ego istochnikov yavlyaetsya trudnym delom, tak kak ehtot ehlement nakhoditsya v gazoobraznom sostoyanii i ego nel'zya fiksirovat' khimicheskim putem. Avtory izlagayut metod fiksatsii kriptona v makromolekulyarnoj matritse, obrazovannoj polimerizatsiej zhidkogo monomera, soderzhashchego kripton, i opisyvayut izgotovlenie dvukh tipov istochnikov, prigotovlennykh po ehtomu printsipu: odin zaklyuchen v polistirol, a drugoj - v polivinilovyj atsetat. Poluchennye takim obrazom istochniki ispuskayut kripton, i ikh aktivnost' umen'shaetsya v den' na 8 % dlya pervogo i na 3 % dlya vtorogo. EHti zametnye umen'sheniya dayut vozmozhnost' vychislit' koehffitsienty diffuzii kriptona v ztikh polimerakh. EHtoj diffuzii, po-vidimomu, prepyatstvuyut poperechnye svyazi, sushchestvuyushchie v polimere. (author)

A Quick Method of Measuring and Analyzing {beta} Emitters in Solution of Very Low-Level Specific Activity; Remarques sur une technique rapide de mesure et d'analyse d'emetteurs {beta} en solution de tres faible activite specifique; Zamechaniya o bystroj tekhnike izmereniya i analize izluchatelej {beta}-chastits v rastvore s ochen' slaboj spetsificheskoj aktivnost'yu; Observaciones sobre un metodo rapido de medicion y analisis de emisores {beta} en soluciones de muy baja actividad especifica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Le Gallic, Y; Grinberg, B; Thenard, M [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

1960-06-15

vaina de contadores conectados en anticoincidencia con los primeros. 2. Ademas enumeran las posibilidades y campos de utilizacion del metodo que: a) especialmente en el caso de los emisores {beta} blandos, permite medir actividades especificas mucho mas bajas que cuando se utilizan contadores para liquidos; b) permite descubrir las sustancias radiactivas presentes como impurezas en determinados radioelementos (por ejemplo, 2/10 000 de P{sup 32} en S{sup 35}); c) para la mayor parte de los radioelementos permite medir, sin necesidad de proceder a una concentracion previa, actividades especificas de igual orden de magnitud que los limites de tolerancia actualmente admitidos. (author) [Russian] 1. Opisanie mekhanizma izmereniya so slabym fonom prednaznachennog o dlya izmereniya radioaktivnykh produktov v zhidkom sostoyanii, kotoryj sostoit v osnovnom iz dvukh ploskikh schetchikov s odnim oknom i odnogo ploskogo schetchika s dvumya oknami, raspolozhenny kh parallel'no drug k DRUGU i izolirovanny kh vnutri zashchitnoj obolochkoj schetchikov, vstavlen- nykh takim obrazom, chtoby oni ne sovpadali s pervymi. 2. Vozmozhnosti i oblasti ispol'zovaniya metoda: a) ehtot metod pozvolyaet izmerit' gorazdo bolee slabuyu spetsificheskuyu aktivnost', chem ehto vozmozhno s zhidkotnymi schetchikami, v chastnosti s izluchatelyami ne zhestkikh {beta}-chastits; b) ehtot metod pozvolyaet obnaruzhivat' radioaktivnye primesi vnutri radioehlementa (napr. 2/10 OOO R{sup 32} v S{sup 35}); s) ehtot metod pozvolyaet dlya bol'shinstva radioehlemento v izmeryat' bez predvaritel'no j kontsentratsii spetsificheskuyu aktivnost' sootvetstvenno ravnuyu prinyatym v nastoyashchee v nastoyashchee vremya predel'nym dopuskam. (author)

Disinfestation of Dried Figs by Gamma Radiation; Desinsectation des figues seches par les rayons gamma; Dezinfestatsiya sushenogo inzhira s pomoshch'yu gamma-izlucheniya'; Desinfestacion de higos secos mediante rayos gamma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Papadopoulou, C. P. [Department of Biology, Democritus Nuclear Research Centre, Aghia Paraskevi, Attica (Greece)

1963-09-15

efectuando investigaciones sobre la desinfestacion de los productos agricolas almacenados. En esas investigaciones se han utilizado recientemente con exito los rayos gamma. Los higos secos constituyen uno de los principales productos de exportacion de Grecia y los insectos ocasionan perdidas importantes. Las investigaciones tenian las siguientes finalidades: a) determinar las dosis de radiacion necesarias para destruir ciertas especies de insectos que atacan los higos en diversas fases de su desarrollo, o destruir sus huevos impidiendo asi que se reproduzcan; b) determinar las modificaciones fisicas y quimicas que las radiaciones producen en la contextura de los higos secos. Se han estudiado las especies siguientes: Plodia interpunctella, Ephestia cautella, Carpophilushemipterous, Oryzaephilus surinamensis y Lasioderma serricorne. En la memoria se estudian las dosis optimas de radiacion que no producen dafios aparentes en la contextura de los higos. (author) [Russian] V techenie mnogikh let provodyatsya issledovaniya to voprosam dezinfestatsii sel'skokhozyajstvennykh produktov v khranilishchakh. Nedavno gamma-izluchechie bylo uspeshno primeneno pri provedenii takikh issledovanij. Sushenyj inzhir sostavlyaet odin iz osnovnykh produktov ehksporta Gretsii. Ezhegodno nasekomye nanosyat ser'eznyj ushcherb ehtomu produktu. Tsel' issledovaniya: 1) opredelenie doz izlucheniya, neobkhodimykh dlya unichtozheniya nekotorykh vidov nasekomykh, porazhayushchikh sushenyj inzhir, na razlichnykh stadiyakh ikh razvitiya, i dlya unichtozheniya ikh yaits i predotvrashcheniya takim obrazom ikh razmnozheniya; i 2) opredelenie fiziko-khimicheskikh izmenenij tekstury sushenogo inzhira pod dejstviem izlucheniya. Issledovaniya provodilis' so sleduyushchimi vidami: Plodia Interpunctella, Ephestia coutella, Carpophilus hemipterous, Gryzaephllus surinamensis i Lasioderma serricorne. Obsuzhdayutsya neobkhodimye optimal'nye dozy. Pri ehtikh dozakh ne nablyudaetsya vidimogo narusheniya tekstury inzhira pod

Radiosensitivity of Various Stages of Callosobruchus Chinensis L; Radiosensibilite du Callosobruchus Chinensis L. aux divers stades de son developpement; Chuvstvitel'nost' k oblucheniyu u razlichnykh stadij Callosobruchus Chinensis L.; Radiosensibilidad de las diversas fases de la metamorfosis del Callosobruchus Chinensis L.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sayeed Quraishi, M.; Metin, M. [Cento Institute of Nuclear Science, Teheran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

1963-09-15

padres a dosis de 67 000 rad, que fue la mas intensa que emplearon los autores. (author) [Russian] Bylo izucheno vozdejstvie oblucheniya na yajtsa, lichinki, kukolki i vzroslye osobi Callosobruchus chinensis L . - vrednogo nasekomogo, porazhayushchego zapasy bobovykh kul'tur. Tak kak ves' zhiznennyj tsikl ehtogo nasekomogo, za isklyucheniem vremeni prebyvaniya v sostoyanii yajtsa i vzrosloj osobi, protekaet vnutri samogo boba, nablyudat' za ehtimi nasekomymi obychnymi sredstvami chrezvychajno trudno. Nasekomye byli vzyaty iz mestnykh zernovykh skladov i vyrashchivalis' v Laboratornom inkubatore na semenakh mungo (Phaseolus mungo L.) pri temperature v 29{sup o}C {+-} 1{sup o}C i pri vlazhnosti v 70 - 75%. V ehtikh usloviyakh nasekomye zavershali svoj zhiznenyj tsikl za 18 - 22 sutok. Dlya pervonachal'nykh ehksperimentov s oblucheniem byl ispol'zovan istochnik s iridiem-192 moshchnost'yu 1 kyuri. V dal'nejshem moshchnost' byla uvelichena do 4 kyuri. Obluchenie proizvodilos' na ochen' blizkom rasstoyanii, i dozy podschityvalis' na osnovanii izmerenij, sdelannykh na rasstoyanii 50 cm pri pomoshchi kondensatornogo dozimetra tipa Viktorien. Yajtsa obluchalis' na rasstoyanii 0,5 cm ot istochnika, a lichinki, kukolki i vzroslye osobi - na rasstoyanii 1,0 cm ot istochnika, prichem sootvetstvuyushchie dozy byli 80 000 rad/chas na rasstoyanii 0,5 cm i 20 000 rad/chas na rasstoyanii 1 cm dlya istochnika moshchnost'yu 4 kyuri. Bylo obnaruzheno, chto dlya yaits doza 15 000 rad davala 100-protsentnuyu smertnost'. Raznye dozy nizhe ehtogo urovnya davali dovol'no razlichnye rezul'taty, i predstavlyaetsya vozmozhnym, chto vo vremya pervykh 24 chasov razvitiya yaits imeetsya neprodolzhitel'naya chuvstvitel'naya stadiya. Dlya lichinok v vozraste 6 sutok 100-protsentnaya smertnost' nastupala pri doze 20 000 rad. Po-vidimomu, kukolki menee chuvstvitel'ny k oblucheniyu, chem yajtsa ili lichinki, i dlya dostizheniya 100-protsentnoj smertnosti byli neobkhodimy dozy v 47 000 rad. Dozy v 42 000

Radioactive Metrology Methods in the USSR; Methodes de metrologie de la radioactivite en URSS; Metody metrologii radioaktivnosti v SSSR; Metodos de Metrologia de la Radiactividad Aplicados en la Union de Republicas Socialistas Sovieticas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aglintsev, K K; Bochkarev, V V; Grablevskij, V N; Karavaev, F M

1960-06-15

actividad de estos patrones son 10{sup -11} y 5 equivalentes gramo del Ra, respectivamente . Las fuentes {gamma} de control se preparan partiendo de los mismos radionuclidos que las fuentes y modelo. Sus actividades abarcan un intervalo muy amplio y las fuentes presentan formas y dimensiones sumamente diversas. Por ultimo, se utilizan dos clases de fuentes neutronicas modelo Ra-{alpha}-Be (con un contenido de 1 a 1000 mg de Ra) y Pu-{alpha}-Be (conteniendo de 0.01 a 15 g de Pu). Las fuentes Ra-{alpha}-Be consisten en una mezcla comprimida de RaBr{sub 2} y de Be en polvo, siendo la razon ponderal Ra/Be igual a 1/6. En cuanto a las fuentes Pu-{alpha}-Be, se preparan con una aleacion (PuBe{sub 13}) de estos dos metales. (author) [Russian] Avtory opisyvayut metody, primenyaemye v SSSR, i, v chastnosti, v institute metrologii im. Mendeleeva (Leningrad) dlya vosproizvodstv a pri pomoshchi standartnykh apparatov edinits izmereniya, ispol'zuemykh v radioaktivnosti (kyuri, gramm-ehkvivalen t radiya, rentgen, rad). Dlya radionuklido v v Sovetskom Soyuze proizvodyatsya istochnikiehtalony dvukh vidov: 1. Model'nye istochniki dlya sravnitel'nog o ehtalonirovani ya drugikh radioaktivnykh preparatov, a takzhe dlya kalibrovki radiometricheski kh priborov i kontrol'nykh priborov za izlucheniem; 2. Kontrol'nye istochniki, sluzhashchie isklyuchitel'n o dlya proverki raboty i kontrolya za vosproizvodimost' yu ukazanij izmeritel'ny kh priborov. Model'nye a-istochniki prigotovlyayuts ya pri pomoshchi ehlektrolitiche - skogo osazhdeniya na platine dolzhnym obrazom vybrannykh izluchatelej (estestvennyj uran, uran-233, plutonij-239, ameritsij-241). EHti istochniki mogut obespechivat' aktivnost' ot do 10{sup 6} raspadov v minutu. Kontrol'nye {alpha}-istochniki prigotovlyayuts ya putem ehlektroliticheskog o osazhdeniya plutoniya-239 v vide sloya s plotnost'yu ot 3 X 10-{sup 9} do 0,7 mg/em2, chto sootvetstvuet aktivnosti ot 10 do 10{sup 8} raspadov v minutu. Model'nye {beta

Il Benessere dei cani ospitati nei canili: valutazione dei parametri comportamentali e fisiologici anche ai fini dell’adottabilita’ e del contenimento del fenomeno del randagismo

OpenAIRE

Spissu, Nicoletta

2010-01-01

The present study evaluates the welfare of shelter dogs in Sardinia using physiologic and ethologic parameters like ematochemical analysis on blood samples and ethogram to assess the adoptability index of each dog . In Italy animal shelters suffer different problems like overpopulation, lack of human and economic resources. It is important to test the welfare of shelter dogs and to evaluate their ethologic characteristics and personality traits to evidence any behavioral disorder....

Tributyltin chloride leads to adiposity and impairs metabolic functions in the rat liver and pancreas.

Science.gov (United States)

Bertuloso, Bruno D; Podratz, Priscila L; Merlo, Eduardo; de Araújo, Julia F P; Lima, Leandro C F; de Miguel, Emilio C; de Souza, Leticia N; Gava, Agata L; de Oliveira, Miriane; Miranda-Alves, Leandro; Carneiro, Maria T W D; Nogueira, Celia R; Graceli, Jones B

2015-05-19

Tributyltin chloride (TBT) is an environmental contaminant used in antifouling paints of boats. Endocrine disruptor effects of TBT are well established in animal models. However, the adverse effects on metabolism are less well understood. The toxicity of TBT in the white adipose tissue (WAT), liver and pancreas of female rats were assessed. Animals were divided into control and TBT (0.1 μg/kg/day) groups. TBT induced an increase in the body weight of the rats by the 15th day of oral exposure. The weight gain was associated with high parametrial (PR) and retroperitoneal (RP) WAT weights. TBT-treatment increased the adiposity, inflammation and expression of ERα and PPARγ proteins in both RP and PR WAT. In 3T3-L1 cells, estrogen treatment reduced lipid droplets accumulation, however increased the ERα protein expression. In contrast, TBT-treatment increased the lipid accumulation and reduced the ERα expression. WAT metabolic changes led to hepatic inflammation, lipid accumulation, increase of PPARγ and reduction of ERα protein expression. Accordingly, there were increases in the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity tests with increases in the number of pancreatic islets and insulin levels. These findings suggest that TBT leads to adiposity in WAT specifically, impairing the metabolic functions of the liver and pancreas. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Analysis of xanthines in beverages using a fully automated SPE-SPC-DAD hyphenated system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Medvedovici, A. [Bucarest Univ., Bucarest (Romania). Faculty of Chemistry, Dept. of Analytical Chemistry; David, F.; David, V.; Sandra, P. [Research Institute of Chromatography, Kortrijk (Belgium)

2000-08-01

Analysis of some xanthines (caffeine, theophylline and theobromine) in beverages has been achieved by a fully automated on-line Solid Phase Extraction - Supercritical Fluid Chromatography - Diode Array Detection (Spe - Sofc - Dad). Three adsorbents have been tested for the Spe procedure: octadecyl modified silicagel (ODS) and two types of styrene-divinylbenzen copolymer based materials, from which Porapack proved to be the most suitable adsorbent. Optimisation and correlation of both Spe and Sofc operational parameters are also discussed. By this technique, caffeine was determined in ice tea and Coca-Cola in a concentration of 0.15 ppm, theobromine - 1.5 ppb, and theophylline - 0.15 ppb. [Italian] Si e' realizzata l'analis di alcune xantine (caffeina, teofillina e teobromina) mediante un sistema, in linea, completamente automatizzato basato su Estrazione in Fase Solida - Cromatografia in Fase Supercritica - Rivelazione con Diode Array (Spe - Sfc - Dad). Per la procedura Spe sono stati valutati tre substrati: silice ottadecilica (ODS) e due tipi di materiali polimerici a base stirene-divinilbenzene, di cui, quello denominato PRP-1, e' risultato essere il piu' efficiente. Sono discusse sia l'ottimizzazione che la correlazione dei parametri operazionali per la Spe e la Sfc. Con questa tecnica sono state determinate, in te' ghiacciato e Coca-Cola, la caffeina, la teobromina e la teofillina alle concentrazini di 0.15, 1.5 e 0.15 ppm.

Climatic change in Italy paste climatic reconstruction; Andamento del clima in Italia negli ultimi cinquanta anni

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Colacino, M. [Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisica dell' Atmosfera, Rome (Italy)

2001-06-01

In the study of the climatic change tied to the anthropogenic enhancement of the greenhouse effect, a very important topic is represented by the past climate reconstruction. This because the analysis of the past variations can help in order to better understand the present trends. With this aim a research on the climatic trends in Italy has been carried out considering the main meteorological parameters. The obtained results indicate that the climate has been subject to a noticeable evolution even if, due to reduced amplitude of the variations, it is not possible to state without any doubt that it is a real climatic change. The present patterns can in fact be connected to the natural climatic variability. [Italian] Nello studio dei cambiamenti climatici legati al potenziamento antropico dell'effetto serra, un ruolo importante riveste la ricostruzione dei climi del passato, poiche' l'analisi delle variazioni passate puo' aiutare a capire meglio gli andamenti attuali. In questa prospettiva, e' stato effetuata una indagine sull'andamento del clima in Italia nel secondo dopoguerra prendendo in considerazione i principali parametri meteorologici. I risultati ottenuti indicano che il clima ha subito una consistente evoluzione, anche se l'ampiezza delle variazioni non consente di affermare che si e' di fronte ad un vero e proprio cambiamento.

Transvaginal sonographic findings of the ectopic pregnancy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jun, Soon Ae; Youn, Chang Seon; Han, Sei Yul; Cho, Joo Youn; Chang, Sang Sik; Cha, Kwang Yul; Cha, Kyung Sub [Cha Women' s Hospital, Sungnam (Korea, Republic of)

1989-08-15

Transvaginal(TV) sonography uses high-frequency transducer and allows access to the uterus and adnexa, provides better resolution and more accurate diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. To determine the value and the utility of TV sonography for a suspected ectopic pregnancy, we studied 56 women during 4 months from January to April 1989. Of 56 patients 46 had an surgically confirmed ectopic pregnancy, 5 had not an ectopic pregnancy and 5 had not follow up. TV sonography provides definite sonographic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy including an extrauterine gestational sac 34 cases(74%), extrauterine embryo 9 caes(19.7%), hematosalpinx 10 cases(21.7%). Overall adnexal mass was detected in 38 cases(82.6%) at initial TV sonography and in 44 cases(95.6%) at follow up TV sonography. Additional findings were uterine decidual reaction 19 cases(41.3%), pseudo G-sac 4 cases(8.7%), cul-de-sac fluid 42 cases(91.2%). Follow-up TV sonography showed newly developed or growing adnexal mass in 8 among 9 cases. False positive 5 cases were two ovarian cysts, one incomplete abortion, two parametrial thickening due to previous ectopic pregnancy and salpingectomy. TV sonography may improve the govality of patient management by early diagnosis and early surgical treatment, so may preserve fertility. In conclusion, we may suggest that TV sonography is an integral part of diagnostic modality in suspected ectopic pregnancy.

Transvaginal sonographic findings of the ectopic pregnancy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jun, Soon Ae; Youn, Chang Seon; Han, Sei Yul; Cho, Joo Youn; Chang, Sang Sik; Cha, Kwang Yul; Cha, Kyung Sub

1989-01-01

Transvaginal(TV) sonography uses high-frequency transducer and allows access to the uterus and adnexa, provides better resolution and more accurate diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. To determine the value and the utility of TV sonography for a suspected ectopic pregnancy, we studied 56 women during 4 months from January to April 1989. Of 56 patients 46 had an surgically confirmed ectopic pregnancy, 5 had not an ectopic pregnancy and 5 had not follow up. TV sonography provides definite sonographic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy including an extrauterine gestational sac 34 cases(74%), extrauterine embryo 9 caes(19.7%), hematosalpinx 10 cases(21.7%). Overall adnexal mass was detected in 38 cases(82.6%) at initial TV sonography and in 44 cases(95.6%) at follow up TV sonography. Additional findings were uterine decidual reaction 19 cases(41.3%), pseudo G-sac 4 cases(8.7%), cul-de-sac fluid 42 cases(91.2%). Follow-up TV sonography showed newly developed or growing adnexal mass in 8 among 9 cases. False positive 5 cases were two ovarian cysts, one incomplete abortion, two parametrial thickening due to previous ectopic pregnancy and salpingectomy. TV sonography may improve the govality of patient management by early diagnosis and early surgical treatment, so may preserve fertility. In conclusion, we may suggest that TV sonography is an integral part of diagnostic modality in suspected ectopic pregnancy

Systematic evaluation of MRI findings in different stages of treatment of cervical cancer: Potential of MRI on delineation of target, pathoanatomic structures, and organs at risk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dimopoulos, Johannes; Schard, Gerdi; Berger, Daniel; Lang, Stefan; Goldner, Gregor; Helbich, Thomas; Poetter, Richard

2006-01-01

Purpose: To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings at different stages of cervix cancer treatment and to define the potential of MRI to delineate the gross tumor volume (GTV), clinical target volume (CTV), pathoanatomic structures, and organs at risk (OAR) in brachytherapy. Methods and Materials: Forty-nine patients underwent MRI at diagnosis and at brachytherapy. The ability to discriminate anatomic structures on MRI was assessed (quality factor: 0 = inability to discriminate; 1 = fair discrimination; 2 = good discrimination; 3 = excellent discrimination). The overall ability to visualize (percentage of patients with quality factors greater than 0) and the overall discrimination quality score (mean quality factors of all patients) were estimated for the applicator, GTV at diagnosis (GTV D ), GTV at brachytherapy (GTV BT )/'gray zones,' cervix rim/uterine corpus, OAR, vaginal wall, and parametria. Results: The overall ability to visualize the applicator on MRI at brachytherapy was 100%; for the GTV BT /'gray zones,' cervix rim/uterine corpus, OAR, and vaginal wall, visualization was 98% (overall discrimination quality factors: 1.2, 2.9, 2.1, 1.9, 1.7, and 2.6). Three of 4 borders of parametrial space were defined in more than 98% (discrimination quality factors: 2.9, 2.1, and 1.2). Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging provides appropriate information for definition of the applicator, GTV, CTV, pathoanatomic structures, and OAR that enables precise delineation for cervix cancer brachytherapy

The correlation of preoperative CT, MR imaging, and clinical staging (FIGO) with histopathology findings in primary cervical carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oezsarlak, Oe.; Schepens, E.; Corthouts, B.; Beeck, B.O. de; Parizel, P.M.; De Schepper, A.M.; Tjalma, W.; Marck, E. van

2003-01-01

The aim of this study was to compare the preoperative findings of abdominal/pelvic CT and MRI with the preoperative clinical International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) staging and postoperative pathology report in patients with primary cancer of the cervix. Thirty-six patients with surgical-pathological proven primary cancer of the cervix were retrospectively studied for preoperative staging by clinical examination, CT, and MR imaging. Studied parameters for preoperative staging were the presence of tumor, tumor extension into the parametrial tissue, pelvic wall, adjacent organs, and lymph nodes. The CT was performed in 32 patients and MRI (T1- and T2-weighted images) in 29 patients. The CT and MR staging were based on the FIGO staging system. Results were compared with histological findings. The group is consisted of stage 0 (in situ):1, Ia:1, Ib:8, IIa:2, IIb:12, IIIa:4, IVa:6, and IVb:2 patients. The overall accuracy of staging for clinical examination, CT, and MRI was 47, 53, and 86%, respectively. The MRI incorrectly staged 2 patients and did not visualize only two tumors; one was an in situ (stage-0) and one stage-Ia (microscopic) disease. The MRI is more accurate than CT and they are both superior to clinical examination in evaluating the locoregional extension and preoperative staging of primary cancer of the cervix. (orig.)

BADANIE ŚLADU AERODYNAMICZNEGO MODELU OBLODZONEGO CIĘGNA MOSTU PODWIESZONEGO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Piotr GÓRSKI

2016-07-01

Full Text Available W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono sposób i wyniki badania płaskiego przepływu powietrza w śladzie aerodynamicznym za nieruchomym modelem oblodzonego cięgna mostu podwieszonego w zakresie liczby Reynoldsa od 2,7·104 do 6,4·104, przy średniej intensywności turbulencji 3%.Badania wykonano w tunelu aerodynamicznym z komorą klimatyczną Laboratorium Czeskiej Akademii Nauk w Telč. W komorze klimatycznej przeprowadzono doświadczalne oblodzenie modelu cięgna mostowego o osi nachylonej pod kątem 300 do płaszczyzny poziomej. Kształt oblodzonej powierzchni cięgna zarejestrowano metodą fotogrametrii cyfrowej. Do badań w komorze aerodynamicznej wykonano nowy model oblodzonego cięgna metodą druku 3D.Badanie śladu aerodynamicznego wykonano z zastosowaniem optycznej wizualizacji PIV (ang. Particle Image Velocimetry, zwanej cyfrową anemometrią obrazową. Na podstawie wizualizacji ustalone zostały prędkości i kierunki przepływu poszczególnych strug powietrza, parametry geometryczne ścieżki wirowej i lokalizacja punktów oderwania od modelu warstwy przyściennej powietrza. Otrzymane wyniki pozwoliły na poznanie zjawisk zachodzących podczas opływu powietrza wokół modelu oblodzonego cięgna.

Bacteriological and mycological surveys along Otranto coastal areas; La situazione igienica del litorale salentino

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Montagna, M.T. [Bari Univ., Bari (Italy). Ist. di Igiene; De Donno, A.; Bagordo, F. [Lecce Univ., Lecce (Italy). Dipt. di Biologia, Lab. di Igiene; Carrozzini, F. [ASL LE/2, Lecce (Italy). Direzione Sanitaria

2000-01-01

Bacteriological and mycological surveys were carried out on water samples collected from 6 seaside resorts and 2 affluent along Otranto coastal areas. The following parameters were tested: total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, Salmonella, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, Vibrio species and yeasts. Results show fecal pollution in three seaside resorts and in one drain, whereas Salmonella research always resulted negative. P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were isolated from both affluents. V. alginolyticus was the most isolated vibrio specie (90%). Among isolated yeasts Torulopsis inconspicua (70%) was the most frequent one. [Italian] E' stata condotta una indagine batteriologica e micologica su campioni di acqua provenienti da 6 stabilimenti balneari e da 2 affluenti che sfociano nel litorale di Otranto. Sono stati esaminati i seguenti parametri: coliformi totali, coliformi fecali, streptococchi fecali, salmonelle, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, vibrioni e miceti. Dall'indagine e' emerso che indici di contaminazione fecale sono stati evidenziati in tre stazioni balneari e in un affluente mentre la ricerca delle salmonelle e' risultata sempre negativa. P. aeruginosa e S. aureus sono stati isolati in entrambi gli affluenti. Per quanto riguarda la ricerca dei vibrioni, V. alginolyticus e' apparsa la specie piu' frequente (90%). Tra i lieviti isolati, quello piu' frequente e' risultato Torulopsis inconspicua (70%).

Feasibility Study of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Using Taxane Plus Carboplatin for High-Risk Patients With Uterine Cervical Non-Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Radical Hysterectomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Sato, Seiya; Shimada, Muneaki; Ohta, Tsuyoshi; Kojimahara, Takanobu; Tokunaga, Hideki; Takano, Tadao; Yamaguchi, Satoshi; Tanabe, Hiroshi; Nishio, Shin; Kigawa, Junzo

2016-03-01

We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant chemotherapy using taxane plus carboplatin (CBDCA) for high-risk stage IB-IIB patients with uterine cervical non-squamous cell carcinoma after radical hysterectomy. Thirty-seven patients were eligible. Pelvic lymph node involvement and/or parametrial invasion were defined as high-risk factors. The patients were treated with 6 cycles of paclitaxel (PTX, 175 mg/m(2)) or docetaxel (DTX, 60 mg/m(2)) followed by CBDCA (area under the curve, 6) every 3 weeks. The primary end point was 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate, and the secondary end point was the assessment of adverse events. Twenty-two patients received PTX/CBDCA (TC) chemotherapy, and the remaining 15 patients underwent DTX/CBDCA (DC) chemotherapy. The 2-year PFS rate was 62.1% (95% confidence interval, 44.6%-75.5%). Patients receiving DC chemotherapy showed a better 2-year PFS rate compared to those with TC chemotherapy, but the difference was not statistically significant (80.0% vs 50.0%, P = 0.1400). The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were hematologic toxicities, which were generally well tolerable. Nonhematologic toxicity was generally mild. Taxane and CBDCA combination chemotherapy, especially DC chemotherapy, may be one of the useful adjuvant treatments for high-risk stage IB-IIB patients with uterine cervical non-squamous cell carcinoma after radical hysterectomy.

Criteria and quality standards for aquatic life protection; Criteri e standard di qualita` per la protezione della vita acquatica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Volterra, L.; De Nava, V.; Mancini, L. [Istituto Superiore di Sanita`, Rome (Italy). Lab. di Igiene Ambientale

1998-12-31

The report concerns two Italian laws, n.130/92 and 131/92 derived from the EEC directives n. 659/78 and 923/91 concerning water quality respectively for freshwater and for marine water suitable for shellfish. The meaning of each parameter, included in the two laws, is explained considering that their purpose is protection and promotion of aquatic life. This review was originated by a request that Ministry of the Environment directed to the `Istituto Superiore of Sanita` to supply information necessary for a possible definition of lacking standards and to draw up appropriate monitoring plans. [Italiano] Il rapporto si riferisce a due decreti, il numero 130/92 e il 131/92 recepiti dalle direttive comunitarie 659/78 e 923/91 riguardanti rispettivamente la qualita` delle acque dolci che richiedono protezione e miglioramento per la vita dei pesci e i requisiti di qualita` delle acque per la molluschiocoltura. Si elencano isignificati dei singoli parametri introdotti nelle due normative il cui scopo e` quello di proteggere e favorire lo sviluppo della vita acquatica in ambienti di acqua dolce e marina. La rassegna e` nata da una richiesta formulata all`Istituto Superiore di Sanita` da parte del Ministero dell`Ambiente per fornire indicazioni necessarie per la eventuale definizione degli standard mancanti ed indirizzi per la formulazione di idonei piani di sorveglianza.

Analyser for fast single events; Analyseur d'evenements rapides simples; Analizator bystrykh odnokratnykh yavlenij; Analizador de sucesos rapidos no recurrentes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sedlmeyer, J W; Patten, R B; Fussell, L Jr [Edgerton, Germeshausen And Grier, Inc., Las Vegas, NV (United States)

1962-04-15

otrezki dostigaetsya pri pomoshchi vremennogo selektornogo impul'sa i intervala vremeni mezhdu otborom obraztsov, prichem i tot i drugoj mogut regulirovat'sya nezavisimo drug ot druga, nachinaya priblizitel'no s 4 nanosekund. Intervaly vremeni mogut zadavat'sya v nelinejnom poryadke, a razbros mezhdu nimi ne prevyshaet 0,5 nanosekund. Do nastoyashchego vremeni skorost' otvetnoj reaktsii ogranichivaetsya kharakteristikami dioda. Kazhdoe otobrannoe napryazhenie rasshiryaetsya v konture, kotoryj sokhranyaet amplitudu ehtogo napryazheniya. Udalos' osushchestvit' rasshirenie po vremeni v 10{sup 8} raz s sokhraneniem khoroshej ustojchivosti. Tochki pokazanij mogut soobshchat'sya i peredavat'sya po otkrytomu provodu v nizkochastotnoe registriruyushchee ustrojstvo, oni mogut byt' prevrashcheny v tsifrovye dannye dlya bystroj ikh obrabotki s pomoshch'yu obychnogo oborudovaniya; krome togo, ili vmesto ehtogo, oni mogut byt' dany vizual'no. Analizator imeet preimushchestva po sravneniyu s vysokoskorostnoj ostsiloskopiej, kogda trebuetsya provodit' individual'nyj analiz bol'shogo chisla odnokratnykh perekhodyashchikh signalov; ehto trebuetsya pri izuchenii kolebanij otvetnykh reaktsij sistem ili pri proizvodstvennykh ispytaniyakh komponentov. Analizator imeet preimushchestva, kogda analiz dannykh dolzhen proizvodit'sya neposredstvenno za poyavleniem signala; otpadaet neobkhodimost' proyavlyat' plenki ili prochityvat' ikh. Analizator udoben takzhe v tekh sluchayakh, kogda schetno-analiziruyushchij tsentr raspolozhen daleko ot mesta poyavleniya signala. EHtot metod shiroko primenyaetsya v oblasti yadernoj ehnergii. Metod pul'siruyushchikh nejtronov mozhet byt' primenen dlya bystrogo izucheniya kolebanij rezhima reaktorov i podkriticheskikh sborok. Mogut byt' opredeleny parametry nakopleniya i raspada detektorov i odnovremenno provodit'sya analiz statisticheskikh dannykh i kolebanij. Mozhet izmeryat'sya forma impul'sov radiatsionnykh voln, proizvodimykh yadernymi uskoritelyami. S

Bilayered container << stone-concrete >> to store toxic materials and radioactive waste.; Dvukhslojnyj kontejner << kamen` - beton >> dlya khraneniya toksichnykh materialov i radioaktivnykh otkhodov.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vagin, V V; Koltunov, B G; Kurylo, D A; Kosyak, A T; Izotov, Yu L [Dnepropetrovskij Inst. Chernoj Metallurgii, Dnepropetrovsk (Ukraine)

1994-12-31

A design of a universal container providing for the storage of toxic and radioactive waste with the hydrogen index from 2 to 12 pH has been developed. The construction is based on the lining of stone casting with high density and corrosion-resistance indices ensuring leak-proofness and operation reliability of the container under long terms of storage of agressive materials.

Mine alarm stations for mine haulage systems in coal surface mines. Stantsiya pozharnoi signalizatsii dlya gorno-transportnogo oborudovaniya ugol'nykh razrezov

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Terebilo, N.I.; Bukhanets, B.N.; Rozhkov, V.L.; Martynenko, V.D. (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-Issledovatel' skii Institut Gornospasatel' nogo Dela, Donetsk (USSR))

1988-01-01

Describes design and operation of the STs fire alarm station developed by the Spetsavtomatika plant in Minsk and successfully tested in the Borodino surface coal mine. The station consists of 14 measuring circuits with the measuring cycle not longer than 4 s. The station detects fires at earthmoving and haulage equipment, cuts off energy supply to fire zones and activates fire extinguishing equipment. The station will be manufactured on a commercial scale. 2 refs.

Use of Synthetic Polymers in Nuclear Emulsions for Fast-Neutron Dosimetry; Primenenie sinteticheskikh polimerov v yadernykh ehmul'siyakh dlya dozimetrii bystrykh nejtronov

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bradna, F. [Laboratorija Radiologicheskoj Dozimetrii Instituta Jadernykh Issledovanij CHSAN Praga, CSSR (Czech Republic)

1967-01-15

The paper describes the results of tests on the properties of hydrogen-enriched nuclear-track emulsions for detecting fast neutrons, which were prepared in the Radiological Dosimetry Laboratory of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Nuclear Research Institute. It also compares the dosimetric characteristics of these new emulsions with those of the gelatin emulsions used up to the present. The most promising of the series of polymers synthesized in the laboratory were: (1) Polyvinylacetal of 2,4-disulphonic acid benzaldehyde (polymer No. 1); (2) The co-polymer of a-acetylaminoacrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone (polymer No. 2). The author also studied the possibility of using polyvinyl alcohol solutions with a higher hydrogen content than the above polymers for saturating polymer-gelatin emulsions and for preparing from them films for use as proton radiators. Polymers No. 1 and No. 2 were tested beforehand in an ammonia emulsion. It was established that polymer No. 1 has no marked effect on the photochemical properties of the emulsions, whereas the physical and mechanical.properties of the polymer-gelatin emulsions are considerably better than those of normal gelatin emulsions. The polymers have good protective properties, and polymer No. 2; can be used even during physical ageing, since it retards this process only to a small extent. The photochemical properties of the polymer-gelatin emulsions remain practically unchanged during natural ageing, and their mechanical strength is still further increased. After these preliminary tests, polymers No.-1 and No. 2 were used as fillers for a nuclear-track emulsion, in quantities ranging from 50 to 70% of the total amount of protective colloid, the silver content of the emulsion remaining unchanged. To increase their efficiency further, the polymer-gelatin emulsions were saturated with hydrogen, which was passed through the liquid emulsion for a short period of time. When prepared, the emulsions were poured on a tri-acetate substrate 190-{mu}m thick, which was an effective proton radiator. The emulsions were irradiated with fast neutrons of fluence 1.56 x 10{sup 8} n/cm{sup 2} from an RaD-Be source. For increased efficiency of neutron detection, supplementary proton radiators such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), tri-acetate (T) and polyethylene (PE) of the optimum thickness were used during irradiation of the emulsion. Dosimetric analysis of the results gave the following: (1) The efficiency of detection was increased, in comparison with normal gelatin emulsions, by: (a) up to 25% when using polymers No. 1 and No. 2, depending on the degree of filling, and (b) 100% when polymer No. 1 was used in a hydrogen-saturated emulsion taken as a standard polymer-gelatin emulsion (SPGE), (2) When the optimum supplementary proton radiators (PVA, T, PE) were added to this SPGE, its detection efficiency was further increased to 330%. (author) [Russian] V dannoj rabote predlagajutsja rezul'taty ispytanij svojstv v Laboratorii radiologicheskoj dozimetrii IJaI ChSAN vodorodom obogashhennyh jadernyh jemul'sij, prednaznachennyh dlja registracii bystryh nejtronov i privoditsja sravnenie dozimetricheskih harakteristik jetih jemul'sij novogo tipa s harakteristikami do sih por ispol'zuemyh zhelatinovyh jemul'sij. Iz serii v laboratorii sintezirovannyh polimerov naibolee interesnymi okazalis': 1) olivinil'acetal' 2,4-disul'fokisloty benzaldegida (polimer N2 1); 2) sopolimer a-acetilaminoakrilovoj kisloty i N-vinilpirrolidona (polimer No 2). Otdel'no izuchalas' vozmozhnost' primenenija rastvorov polivinilovogo spirta s bolee vysokim soderzhaniem vodoroda po sravneniju s vysheukazannymi ispytannymi polimerami (No 1, No 2) dlja propityvanija polimero-zhelatinovyh jemul'sij i dlja prigotovlenija iz nego plenok v kachestve radiatora protonov. Polimery N21 i N9 2 primenjalis' predvaritel'no v ispytatel'noj ammiachnoj jemul'sii. Bylo ustanovleno, chto polimer No 1 ne okazyvaet zametnogo vlijanija na fotohimicheskie svojstva jemul'sij, odnako fiziko-mehanicheskie svojstva polimero-zhelatinovyh jemul'sij znachitel'no luchshe svojstv obychnyh zhelatinovyh jemul'sij. Polimery obladajut horoshimi zashhitnymi svojstvami i polimer No 2 prigoden dazhe v fizicheskom sozrevanii, poskol'ku on malo tormozit jetot process. V techenie estestvennogo starenija fotohimicheskie svojstva polimero-zhelatinovyh jemul'sij prakticheski ne izmenjalis' i eshhe dal'she znachitel'no povyshalas' ih mehanicheskaja prochnost'. V rezul'tate ukazannyh predvaritel'nyh opytov polimery No 1 i No 2 primenjalis' v kachestve napolnitelej jadernoj jemul'sii v kolichestve ot 50 do 70% po otnosheniju k obshhemu kolichestvu zashhitnogo kolloida, ne izmenjaja v dannoj jemul'sii soderzhanie serebra. Dlja dal'nejshego povyshenija jeffektivnosti jemul'sij polimero-zhelatinov'te jemul'sii nasyshhalis' vodorodom putem vremennogo propuskanija cherez ego zhidkuju jemul'siju. Gotovye jemul'sii nalivalis' na triacetatnuju podlozhku tolshhinoj 190 mikron, kotoraja javljaetsja v zhelaemom sluchae jeffektivnym radiatorom protonov. Jemul'sii obluchalis' bystrymi nejtronami plotnost'ju 1,56 * 108 nejtronov/sm{sup 2} ot istochnika (Ra - D - Be). S cel'ju uvelichenija jeffektivnosti registracii nejtronov, pri obluchenii jemul'sij ispol'zovalis' dobavochnye radiatory protonov tipa: polivinilovyj spirt (PVS), triacetat (T), polijetilen (PJe) optimal'noj tolshhiny. Obrabotka rezul'tatov s dozimetricheskoj tochki zrenija pokazala sledujushhie rezul'taty: 1. Po sravneniju s obychnymi zhelatinovymi jemul'sijami jeffektivnost' registracii povysilas': - do 25% v sluchae primenenija polimerov No 1 i No 2 v zavisimosti ot stepeni napolnenija; . - na 100% v sluchae primenenija polimera No 1 v vodorodom nasyshhennoj jemul'sii, prinjatoj v kachestve standarta polimero-zhelatinovoj jemul'sii (SPZhJe). 2. V sluchae primenenija optimal'nyh dobavochnyh radiatorov protonov (PVS, T, PJe) k ukazannoj jemul'sii SPZhJe, ee jeffektivnost' registrkcii povysilas' dal'she do 330%. (author)

Experiments on multi-stage light intensification by electro-luminescence; Experiences sur l'intensification de la lumiere en cascade par electroluminescence; Opyty po mnogokaskadnomu svetousileniyu (fotoumnozheniyu) posredstvom ehlektrosvecheniya; Experimentos sobre intensificacion en cascada de la luminosidad por electroluminiscencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Owaki, K; Nakamura, T [Kobe Kogyo Corporation, Okubo, Akashi, Hyogo (Japan)

1962-04-15

S fotosensible en polvo, aglomerado con plastico y moldeado. Basandose en los resultados obtenidos con un solo elemento intensificador, se construyeron intensificadores de dos y tres etapas y se efectuaron experimentos para estudiar sus caracteristicas con diferentes resistencias montadas en paralelo. Con el intensificador de tres etapas se obtuvo una amplificacion del orden de 400, para una radiacion de entrada igual a 0,3 rdlux. Estos resultados sugieren la posibilidad de obtener un mayor aumento para una radiacion de entrada menor. Los autores estiman posible aplicar estos resultados experimentales a los intensificadores solidos de imagenes disenando un dispositivo adecuado. (author) [Russian] Za poslednie gody, v kachestve odnogo iz vazhnykh primenenij ehlektroniki tverdykh tel, byl opublikovan tselyj ryad dokladov otnositel'no povysheniya yarkosti izobrazhenij s pomoshch'yu kristallicheskogo usilitelya. Predstavlyaetsya udobnym i vazhnym ispol'zovat' kristallicheskij usilitel' dlya svetousileniya (fotoumnozheniya). TSel'yu nastoyashchej ehksperimental'noj raboty yavlyaetsya povyshenie stepeni usileniya posredstvom mnogostupenchatogo kaskadirovaniya usilitelya. V nastoyashchem doklade snachala razbirayutsya ehlektricheskie i opticheskie kharakteristiki monokaskadnogo usilitelya, a zatem s tsel'yu uluchsheniya ego parametrov kratko izlagayutsya preimushchestva ispol'zovaniya parallel'nogo soprotivleniya s ehlektro- svetyashchejsya panel'yu. Bylo ispol'zovano dva tipa fotoprovodyashchej yachejki, odna iz kotorykh byla uplotnennaya yachejka iz Cds, a drugaya byla sdelana iz fotochuvstvitel'nogo poroshka Cds, sformovannogo vmeste s plasticheskim svyazyvayushchim veshchestvom. Na osnovanii rezul'tatov, poluchennykh na monokaskadnom usilitele, byli postroeny dvukhkaskadnye i trekhkaskadnye usiliteli, i ikh kharakterisgiki byli provereny dlya razlichnykh parallel'no vklyuchennykh soprotivlenij. Pri pomoshchi trekhkaskadnogo usilitelya bylo polucheno pri vkhodyashchej radiatsii v 0

Direct Measurement of Tritium in Biological Materials with the Liquid Scintillation Counter; Determination quantitative directe du tritium dans les substances biologiques, au moyen de compteurs a scintillations a liquides; Neposredstvennoe izmerenie kolichestva tritiya v biologicheskikh materialakh pri pomoshchi zhidkogo stsintillyatsionnogo schetchika; Determinacion cuantitativa directa del tritio en sustancias biologicas mediante contadores de centelleador liquido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Halvorsen, K [Institutt for Atomenergi, Kjeller, Lillestroem (Norway)

1962-01-15

muestras de tejidos de raton a los que se habia inyectado previamente timidina marcada con tritio. Despues de inyectar al raton una dosis del orden de 1 {mu}c de timidina tritiada por gramo de peso corporal, se pudieron seguir durante un mes las transformaciones metabolicas de la timidina incorporada al acido desoxirribonucleico (DISIA) de los distintos tejidos. (author) [Russian] V literature uzhe soobshchalos' o sposobakh izmereniya kolichestva tritiya v tkanyakh zhivotnykh i v izolirovannykh srezakh tkanej. Odnako pri vsekh opisyvaemykh rabotakh dlya otscheta impul'sov obraztsov primenyalsya zhidkostnyj stsintillyatsionnyj spektrometr sovpadenij. Pri vypolnenii nastoyashchej raboty dlya izmerenij byl ispol'zovan zhidkostnyj stsintillyatsionnyj schetchik s odnim fotoehlementom. Issledovalis' glavnym obrazom neposredstvennoe rastvorenie tkanej zhivotnykh v giamine 10-KH i otschet impul'sov vzvesi liofilirovannoj tkani v stsintilliruyushchikh gelyakh. Razlichnye tkani, kak naprimer, pechen', kishechnik, krov' i kozha mogut byt' neposredstvenno rastvoreny v giamine i aktivnost' ikh izmerena s tochnost'yu do 10-15 protsentov. Budut obsuzhdeny metody vvedeniya popravki na gashenie i nekotorye yavleniya fosforestsentsii, poskol'ku oni vliyayut na otschet impul'sov v schetnom ustrojstve s edinym fotoehlementom. KHotya chuvstvitel'nost' ehtogo metoda predstavlyaetsya neskol'ko men'shej, chem pri ispol'zovanii schetchika sovpadenij, odnako ehtot metod udovletvoritelen dlya mnogikh vidov primenenij. Predstavlyaemaya rabota byla provedena na obraztsakh tkanej myshi posle predvaritel'noj in{sup e}ktsii mechennogo tritiem timidina. Pri vpryskivanii v mysh' dozy priblizitel'no v 1 mikrokyuri tritirovannogo timidina na gramm vesa ee tela, metabolicheskaya sud'ba timidina, pogloshchennogo deoksiribonukleinovoj kislotoj razlichnykh tkanej, mogla byt' proslezhena v techenie tselogo mesyatsa. (author)

Universal Instability in a Thermal Plasma Device (Q-Machine); Instabilite Universelle dans une Machine a Plasma Thermique (Machine-Q); Issledovaniya universal'noj neustojchivosti v ustrojstve dlya termicheski ionizovannoj plazmy; Inestabilidad Universal en un Dispositivo de Plasma Termico (Maquina Q)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lashinsky, H. [University Of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)

1966-04-15

uderzhivajushhemu magnitnomu polju. Sootvetstvujushhie bezrazmernye parametry mogut var'irovat'sja v takih predelah, chtoby rezul'taty mozhno bylo sopostavljat' v celjah sravnenija s plazmami, predstavljajushhimi interes dlja termojadernyh issledovanij, i upravljaemaja neustojchivost' mogla by byt' vyzvana sootvetstvujushhim regulirovaniem anodnogo rezhima na plastinah s metallicheskimi okonchanijami putem ispol'zovanija metodov upravlenija anodom, kotorye rassmatrivajutsja vmeste s osnovnoj'teoriej. Pri ispol'zovanii jetih metodov amplituda ascilljacij, mozhet uderzhivat'sja na proizvol'no ustanovlennyh nizkih urovnjah i povedenie neustojchivosti mozhet byt' proslezheno, nachinaja ot nizkoamplitudnogo (e Empty-Set /kT Tilde-Operator 10{sup -3}) ''kvazi-linejno- go'' rezhima, kotoryj harakterizuetsja monohromaticheskim ''zamknutovidnym'' spektrom, do nelinejnogo rezhima, a zatem do slabo-turbulentnogo sostojanija (e Empty-Set /kT Less-Than-Or-Equivalent-To 1) , kotoroe harakterizuetsja iskazhennym ''haoticheskim'' spektrom. Novyj ''rastrovosproizvodjashhij'' metod daet polnuju kartinu razvitija neustojchivosti i perehoda k turbulentnosti. Jeksperimental'no opredelennye osnovnye harakteristiki neustojchivosti, takie kak chastotnye mody, napravlenie azimutal'nogo rasprostranenija, svojstva kogerentnosti, nezavisimost' plotnosti, zavisimost' magnitnogo polja, prostranstvennaja zavisimost' mo- dovoj amplitudy horosho soglasujutsja v kachestvennom otnoshenii s linejnoj teoriej universal'noj neustojchivosti. Jeksperimenty provodilis' takzhe otnositel'no jeffekta dliny stolba na real'nuju chast' chastoty (popravka primerno v 10%) i na voobrazhaemuju chast'. Jeffekt na voobrazhaemuju chast' imeet mesto blagodarja ionnomu dempfirovaniju Landau, i dannyj metod javljaetsja otlichnym sredstvom izuchenija samogo mehanizma dempfirovanija Landau. Rezul'taty jetih jeksperimentov takzhe horosho soglasujutsja s linejnoj teoriej i, krome togo, obnaruzhivajut rjad nelinejnyh jeffektov, takih kak

Angular distributions of fast neutrons scattered by Al, Si, P, S and Zn; Distributions angulaires des neutrons rapides diffuses par Al, Si, P, S et Zn; Usloviya raspredeleniya bystrykh nejtronov, rasseyannykh alyuminiem, kremniem, fosforom i tsinkom; Distribuciones angulares de neutrones rapidos dispersados por Al, Si, P, S y Zn

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tstjkaija, K; Tanaka, S; Maeuyama, M; Tomita, Y [Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-Mtjea (Japan)

1962-03-15

Differential scattering cross-sections of Al, Si, P, S and Zn for fast neutrons have been measured in an energy range of 3.4 to 4.6 MeV by using the time-of-flight method. Angular distributions of the inelastically scattered neutrons are nearly isotropic in all cases. These results are discussed on the basis of the Hauser-Feshbach theory. (author) [French] Les sections efficaces differentielles de diffusion de Al, Si, P, S et Zn pour des neutrons rapides ont ete mesurees dans la gamme d'energies de 3,4 a 4,6 MeV, en employant la methode du temps de vol. Les distributions angulaires des neutrons diffuses inelastiquement sont presque isotropes dans tous les cas. Les auteurs analysent ces resultats en se fondant sur la theorie de Hauser-Feshbach. (author) [Spanish] Los autores han medido por el metodo del tiempo de vuelo las secciones eficaces diferenciales de dispersion del Al, Si, P, S y Zn para neutrones rapidos de energia comprendida entre 3,4 y 4,6 MeV. Las distribuciones angulares de los neutrones dispersados inelasticamente son casi isotropicas en todos los casos. Los autores analizan los resultados obtenidos basandose en la teoria de Hauser-Feshbach . (author) [Russian] Differentsial'no e sechenie rasseyaniya alyuminiya, kremniya, fosfora, sery i tsinka dlya bystrykh nejtronov izmereno v diapazone ehnergii ot 3,4 do 4,6 Megaehlektronvol't ispol'zovanie m metoda vremeni proleta. Uglovye raspredeleniya neuprugo rasseyannykh nejtronov yavlyayutsya pochti vo vsekh sluchayakh izotropnymi. Jeti rezul'taty obsuzhdayutsya na osnove teorii Hauzera-Feshbakha. (author)

Absolute Measurement of Radioactive Materials at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt; Mesure absolue des substances radioactives a l'Institut federal de physique appliquee; Absolyutnoe izmerenie radioaktivnykh veshchestv v fiziko-tekhnicheskom federal'nom institute; Determinacion absoluta de la actividad de sustancias radiactivas en el Instituto Federal de Fisica Aplicada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weiss, H M [Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig (Germany)

1960-06-15

A short report is given about the routine methods of standardization of radionuclides. The measurements are done by 4 {pi} {beta} proportional counters, 4 {pi} {beta}-{gamma} coincidence counting and for secondary standardization of {gamma} emitters by 4 {pi} {gamma} ionization chamber. The equipments used and the procedures of source preparation are described. (author) [French] L'auteur presente un rapport succinct sur les methodes courantes de normalisation des radionuclides. Les mesures sont effectuees au moyen de compteurs proportionnels 4 {pi} {beta}, par voie de comptage par coincidences 4 {pi}{beta}-{gamma} et, en ce qui concerne la normalisation secondaire des emetteurs de rayons {gamma}, au moyen d'une chambre d'ionisation 4 {pi} {gamma}. Le memoire contient une description du materiel utilise et des procedes employes pour la preparation des sources. (author) [Spanish] En la memoria se describen brevemente los metodos corrientes de calibracion de radionuclidos. Las mediciones a que se refiere se han efectuado con contadores proporcionales {beta} 4 {pi}, contadores de coincidencias {beta}-{gamma} 4{pi}l; para la calibracion secundaria de emisores {gamma} se ha utilizado una camara de ionizacion {gamma} 4 {pi}. Se describen los aparatos empleados y los procedimientos de preparacion de las fuentes. (author) [Russian] Privoditsya kratkij doklad po obychnym metodam standartizatsi i radioizotopov. Izmereniya osushchestvlyalis {beta}-proportsional'nym i schetchikami na 4 {pi}, schetchikami {beta}-{gamma} sovpadenij i {gamma}-ioniziruyushche j kameroj na 4 i dlya vtorichnoj standartizatsi i {gamma}-izluchatelej . Privoditsya opisanie, ispol'zuemogo oborudovaniya i protsedura podgotovki istochnika. (author)

Preparation of Ceramic-Grade Thorium-Uranium Oxide; Preparation d'un melange d'oxydes de thorium et d'uranium propre a la fabrication de combustible ceramique; Izgotovlenie keramicheskogo torievo-uranovogo okisla; Preparacion de mezclas de oxidos de uranio y torio, de tipo ceramico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cogliati, G.; De Leone, R.; Ferrari, S.; Gabaglio, M.; Liscia, A. [Centro Studi Nucleari della Casaccia, Rome (Italy)

1963-11-15

de uranilo. Este metodo puede ser de utilidad para la elaboracion de elementos combustibles y para la regeneracion de los mismos. En la primera fase del metodo, el nitrato de uranilo se reduce a nitrato de uranio (IV). Como agente reductor se emplea acido formico e hidrogeno gaseoso; se anade urea para impedir la formacion de acido nitroso, que cataliza la reoxidacion del uranio (IV). En calidad de catalizadores pueden emplearse platino y paladio. Se facilitan datos relativos a un proceso continuo, en el que el acido formico y la urea se afladan a la solucion, que seguidamente se precalienta y se hace pasar a traves de una columna rellena de pastillas de alumina de 3,17 x 3,17 mm, que contienen 0,5% en peso de platino. Se estudia la influencia de la velocidad de circulacion, temperatura, concentraciones de acido formico y de urea, asi como la duracion y el envenenamiento del catalizador. La segunda fase del metodo consiste en la precipitacion de oxalato de torio y uranio (IV). Se estudia la influencia de la razon acido oxalico torio-uranio, de la temperatura y del tiempo de envejecimiento sobre las caracteristicas de sedimentacion y de filtracion del precipitado y sobre las propiedades ceramicas de los polvos obtenidos. El calentamiento se ha efectuado tanto en atmosfera reductora como oxidante. Luego de ensayos preliminares, se han establecido dos procedimientos normales para la elaboracion de cuerpos ceramicos, a saber, por prensado en frio y sinterizacion y por extrusion y sinterizacion. Las propiedades de sinterizacion de los diferentes polvos se han ensayado por los dos procedimientos normales. Con algunos de los polvos se han obtenido densidades superiores al 95% del valor teorico; se han realizado con exito ensayos de reproductibilidad. (author) [Russian] Issledovan protsess izgotovleniya spechennykh izdelij iz smesi torievo-uranovykh okislov, nachinayushchijsya s rastvoreniya nitrata toriya i nitrata uranila. Ehtot protsess mozhet okazat'sya poleznym kak dlya

Fractionation in medium dose rate brachytherapy of cancer of the cervix

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leborgne, Felix; Fowler, Jack F.; Leborgne, Jose H.; Zubizarreta, Eduardo; Chappell, Rick

1996-01-01

Purpose: To establish an optimum fractionation for medium dose rate (MDR) brachytherapy from retrospective data of patients treated with different MDR schedules in comparison with a low dose rate (LDR) schedule. Methods and Materials: The study population consists of consecutive Stage IB-IIA-IIB patients who received radiotherapy alone with full dose brachytherapy plus external beam pelvic and parametrial irradiation from 1986-1993. Patients also receiving surgery or chemotherapy were excluded. The LDR group (n = 102, median follow-up: 80 months) received a median dose to Point A of two 32.5 Gy fractions at 0.44 Gy/h plus 18 Gy of external whole pelvic irradiation. The MDR1 group (n = 30, median follow-up: 45 months) received a mean dose of two 32 Gy fractions at 1.68 Gy/h. An individual dose reduction of 12.5% was planned for this group according to the Manchester experience, but only a 4.8% dose reduction was achieved. The MDR2 group (n = 10, median follow-up: 36 months) received a dose of two 24 Gy fractions at 1.65 Gy/h. The MDR3 group (n = 10, median follow-up 33 months) received a mean dose of three 15.3 Gy fractions at 1.64 Gy/h. And finally, the MDR4 group (n = 38, median follow-up: 24 months) received six 7.7 Gy fractions from two pulses 6 h apart in each of three insertions at 1.61 Gy/h. The median external pelvic dose to MDR schedules was between 12 and 20 Gy. The linear quadratic (LQ) formula was used to calculate the biologically effective dose (BED) to tumor (Gy 10 ) and rectum (Gy 3 ), assuming T(1(2)) for repair = 1.5 h. Results: The crude central recurrence rate was 6% for LDR (mean BED = 95.4 Gy 10 ) and 10% for MDR4 (mean BED = 77.0 Gy 10 ) (p = NS). The remaining MDR groups had no recurrences. Grade 2 and 3 rectal or bladder complications were 0% for LDR (rectal BED = 109 Gy 3 ), 83% for MDR1 (BED = 206 Gy 3 ), and 30% for MDR3 (BED = 127 Gy 3 ). The MDR2 and MDR4 groups presented no complications (BED, 123 Gy 3 , and 105 Gy 3 , respectively

Vliv vodního stresu na fotosyntetické parametry transgenních rostlin tabáku se zvýšeným obsahem cytokininů

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Pospíšilová, Jana; Haisel, Daniel; Vaňková, Radomíra

2007-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 2 (2007), s. 123-123 ISSN 1213-6670 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA522/04/0549 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50380511 Source of funding: V - iné verejné zdroje Keywords : carotenoids * chlorophyll * net photosynthetic rate * stomatal conductance * transgenic tobacco * xanthophylls Subject RIV: ED - Physiology

The use of radioactive inserts in the study of metal deformation during tube-making processes; Emploi de fils metalliques radioactifs pour l'etude des deformations des metaux pendant la fabrication de tubes; Ispol'zovanie radioaktivnykh vtulok dlya izucheniya deformatsii metallov pri protsesse izgotovleniya trub; Empleo de insertos radiactivos en el estudio de la deformacion de los metales durante la fabricacion de tubos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Davison, W H.T. [Tube Investments Research Laboratories, Cambridge (United Kingdom)

1962-01-15

experimental, que es aplicable a los estudios sobre deformacion de los metales en general. En este metodo es preciso localizar el inserto radiactivo con un error no mayor de un milimetro, lo que exige un poder de resolucion superior al que requieren normalmente las tecnicas de exploracion medica. Se examinan los problemas correspondientes en terminos de energia gamma, diseno del colimador y discriminacion de energias. (author) [Russian] V nastoyashchej rabote rassmatrivaetsya vopros ob ispol'zovanii radio- aktivnykh vtulok pri izuchenii deformatsii stali v pirsing-protsesse s pomoshch'yu goryachego rotatsionnogo metoda. ZHeleznaya ili stal'naya provoloka aktiviruetsya v reaktore, pomeshchaetsya v truby, pro- sverlennye v zheleznykh ili stal'nykh zagotovkakh, kotorye zatem podvergayutsya obrabotke v normal'nykh proizvodstvennykh usloviyakh. Tshchatel'noe nablyudenie pokazyvaet, chto radiatsionnoe obluchenie i zagryazneniya ustanovki sovershenno neznachitel'ny. Posle okhlazhdeniya zagotovki podvergayutsya analizu v laboratorii putem primeneniya kollimirovannogo stsintillyatsionnogo schetchika, raspolozhennogo perpendikulyarno k poverkhnosti prosverlennoj zagotovki; krivye izodoz pokazyvayut formu deformiro- vannoj radioaktivnoj vtulki, raspolozhennoj pod pryamym uglom k poverkhnosti truby. Drugoj grafik poluchaetsya ot podobnogo roda razvertki uchastka, nakhodyashchegosya pod pryamym uglom k osi truby; pri pomoshchi dvukh poluchennykh grafikov poluchaetsya kartina v trekh izmereniyakh. V dokumente privodyatsya nekotorye rezul'taty, no osnovnoe vnimanie v nem udelyaetsya metodam provedeniya ehksperimentov, kotorye shiroko ispol'zuyutsya pri izuchenii defor- matsii metallov. Vtulki dolzhny byt' raspolozheny na rasstoyanii millimetra ili okolo ehtogo, dlya chego trebuetsya bolee vysokaya razreshayushchaya sposobnost' po sravneniyu s normal'nymi metodami issledovaniya, primenyaemymi v meditsine. Problemy dostizheniya ehtogo ras- smatrivayutsya v nastoyashchem doklade v zavisimosti

Highly differentiated keratinizing squamous cell cancer of the cervix: a rare, locally aggressive tumor not associated with human papillomavirus or squamous intraepithelial lesions.

Science.gov (United States)

Morrison, C; Catania, F; Wakely, P; Nuovo, G J

2001-10-01

The purpose of this study is to report an unusual variant of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, not associated with either human papillomavirus infection or antecedent squamous intraepithelial lesions. Five women had a diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer discovered at hysterectomy performed for prolapse (two cases), leiomyoma (one case), or a vaginal fistula (two cases). The women ranged in age from 47 to 78 years (mean 59 years). Four of the five had a history of normal Papanicolaou (Pap) smears; the other had a Pap smear diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS). All had large cervical tumors (two with parametrial involvement and one with vaginal involvement) that showed extensive keratin formation, an inverted pattern of growth, and, except for one case, minimal cytologic atypia. There was extensive hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis adjacent to each tumor; none had evidence of squamous intraepithelial lesion. Human papillomavirus testing by polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridization and reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction in situ was negative in each case, compared with a detection rate of 107 of 108 (99%) for squamous intraepithelial lesion-associated cervical squamous cell and adenocarcinomas. Two of the women died of extensive local recurrence; two other women were recently diagnosed. We conclude that highly differentiated keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix is a rare entity not associated with human papillomavirus infection or squamous intraepithelial lesion and thus difficult to detect on routine cervical cancer screening.

PENGARUH SAP BERBASIS AKRUAL, SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI, KUALITAS SDM, PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN DI BADAN NASIONAL PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Franta Eveline

2017-10-01

Full Text Available This Study objectives are to test the influence of Accrual Based – Government Accounting Standard, Accounting Information System, Human Resourching Quality, Internal Control, and Organizational Commitment affect the quality of Ministry/Board financial statements especially in National Board of Disaster Management (BNPB. This study population is the stakeholders of National Board of Disaster Management financial statement consisting of Authorized Budget User, Financial Bureau, Expenditure Treasurer, Assistant of Expenditure Treasurer, Commitment-Making Officer, and Internal Auditor in BNPB. Sample is determined by using Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling techniques. Using the Likert measurement scale and Inferensial Parametris data analysis. The hypothesis is tested comparatively. The result showed that The  Impplementation of Accrual Based – Government Accounting Standard have a significant effect on the quality of financial statement, Impplementation of Accounting Information System have a significant effect on the quality of financial statement, Human Resourching Quality have a significant effect on the quality of financial statement, Internal Control have a siginificant effect on the quality of financial statement, and Organizational Commitment have a significant effect on the quality of financial statement. The maximum implementation of Accrual Based – Government Accounting Standard, Accounting Information System, Human Resorching Quality, Internal Control and Organizational Commitment will increase as well as the quality of financial statement in BNPB. Keywords: Accrual Based – Government Accounting Standard, Accounting Information System, Human Resourching Quality, Internal Control, Organizational Commitment, National Board of Disaster Management.

Individualized Prediction of Overall Survival After Postoperative Radiation Therapy in Patients With Early-Stage Cervical Cancer: A Korean Radiation Oncology Group Study (KROG 13-03)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Hyun Jin; Han, Seungbong; Kim, Young Seok; Nam, Joo-Hyun; Kim, Hak Jae; Kim, Jae Weon; Park, Won; Kim, Byoung-Gie; Kim, Jin Hee; Cha, Soon Do; Kim, Juree; Lee, Ki-Heon; Yoon, Mee Sun

2013-01-01

Purpose: A nomogram is a predictive statistical model that generates the continuous probability of a clinical event such as death or recurrence. The aim of the study was to construct a nomogram to predict 5-year overall survival after postoperative radiation therapy for stage IB to IIA cervical cancer. Methods and Materials: The clinical data from 1702 patients with early-stage cervical cancer, treated at 10 participating hospitals from 1990 to 2011, were reviewed to develop a prediction nomogram based on the Cox proportional hazards model. Demographic, clinical, and pathologic variables were included and analyzed to formulate the nomogram. The discrimination and calibration power of the model was measured using a concordance index (c-index) and calibration curve. Results: The median follow-up period for surviving patients was 75.6 months, and the 5-year overall survival probability was 87.1%. The final model was constructed using the following variables: age, number of positive pelvic lymph nodes, parametrial invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and the use of concurrent chemotherapy. The nomogram predicted the 5-year overall survival with a c-index of 0.69, which was superior to the predictive power of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system (c-index of 0.54). Conclusions: A survival-predicting nomogram that offers an accurate level of prediction and discrimination was developed based on a large multi-center study. The model may be more useful than the FIGO staging system for counseling individual patients regarding prognosis

Individualized Prediction of Overall Survival After Postoperative Radiation Therapy in Patients With Early-Stage Cervical Cancer: A Korean Radiation Oncology Group Study (KROG 13-03)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Hyun Jin [Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Han, Seungbong [Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Young Seok, E-mail: ysk@amc.seoul.kr [Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Nam, Joo-Hyun [Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Hak Jae [Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jae Weon [Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Park, Won [Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Byoung-Gie [Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jin Hee [Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu (Korea, Republic of); Cha, Soon Do [Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Juree [Department of Radiation Oncology, Cheil General Hospital and Women' s Healthcare Center, Kwandong University, College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Ki-Heon [Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital and Women' s Healthcare Center, Kwandong University, College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Yoon, Mee Sun [Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do (Korea, Republic of); and others

2013-11-15

Purpose: A nomogram is a predictive statistical model that generates the continuous probability of a clinical event such as death or recurrence. The aim of the study was to construct a nomogram to predict 5-year overall survival after postoperative radiation therapy for stage IB to IIA cervical cancer. Methods and Materials: The clinical data from 1702 patients with early-stage cervical cancer, treated at 10 participating hospitals from 1990 to 2011, were reviewed to develop a prediction nomogram based on the Cox proportional hazards model. Demographic, clinical, and pathologic variables were included and analyzed to formulate the nomogram. The discrimination and calibration power of the model was measured using a concordance index (c-index) and calibration curve. Results: The median follow-up period for surviving patients was 75.6 months, and the 5-year overall survival probability was 87.1%. The final model was constructed using the following variables: age, number of positive pelvic lymph nodes, parametrial invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and the use of concurrent chemotherapy. The nomogram predicted the 5-year overall survival with a c-index of 0.69, which was superior to the predictive power of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system (c-index of 0.54). Conclusions: A survival-predicting nomogram that offers an accurate level of prediction and discrimination was developed based on a large multi-center study. The model may be more useful than the FIGO staging system for counseling individual patients regarding prognosis.

Pretreatment prognostic Factors in Early Stage Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Mi Sook; Ha, Sung Whan

1992-01-01

From March 1979 through December 1986, 124 patients with early stage carcinoma of the uterine cervix received curative radiation therapy. According to FIGO classification, 35 patients were stage IB and 89 were stage IIA. In stage IB, five year locoregional control, five year disease A, five year locoregional control, five disease free survival, and five year overall survival were 78.0%, 66.8%, and 72.1%, respectively. To identify prognostic factor, pretreatment including age, ECOG performance status, number of pregnancies, history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, histology, size and shape of primary tumor, CT findings and blood parameters were retrospectively analyzed in terms of locoregional control, disease free survival and overall survival using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. In univariate analysis, tumor size on physical examination and rectal invasion on CT significantly affected locoregional control, disease free survival and overal survival. Parametrial involvement on CT was a significant prognostic factor on locoregional control and disease free survival. Hemoglobin level affected disease free survival and overall survival. Histology and age were significant pronostic factor on locoregional control. In multivariate analysis excluding CT finding, tumor size on physical examination was a significant factor in terms of locoregional control and overall survival. Hemoglobin level was significant in terms of disease free survival. In multivarate analysis including CT, histology was a prognostic factor on locoregional control and disease free survival. Hemoglobin level and rectal invasion on CT were significant factors on locoregional control

Analisi delle vibrazioni su trattori agricoli in normali condizioni di lavoro e in condizioni predefinite - Vibration analysis on agricultural tractors in normal working conditions and in predetermined conditions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessandro Peretti

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Commentata la diffusione dei trattori agricoli in Italia e svolta una rassegna degli effetti delle vibrazioni sui trattoristi, sono riportati i valori delle accelerazioni riscontrati nel nostro Paese, nonché i livelli di esposizione degli operatori. Individuati i parametri che determinano le vibrazioni, sono illustrati gli interventi in grado di contenerle. Sono inoltre riportati i risultati di una ricerca su tre trattori agricoli: i rilievi delle vibrazioni triassiali sul piano e sul basamento del sedile e le misure del rumore in prossimità di ambedue gli orecchi dell’operatore sono stati eseguiti durante l’aratura, l’erpicatura e la traslazione su strada sterrata e asfaltata, a diverse velocità di avanzamento e a differenti valori di pressione di gonfiaggio degli pneumatici. ------ After the assessment of the agricultural tractors fleet characteristics in Italy and a review of the effects of vibration on tractor drivers, the typical acceleration values and consequent operators’ exposure levels in carrying out agricultural operations are reported. Once having ascertained the parameters that produce the vibrations, the actions more suitable to reduce the risk factors are shown. The results of a series of comparative tests on three used tractors of different age are then reported: the levels of tri-axial vibrations on the seat cushion and base and of the noise at both operator’s ears were recorded during ploughing, harrowing and driving on farm and paved roads, at different speeds and varying the tyres inflation pressure.

Comparison of Computed Tomography– and Magnetic Resonance Imaging–based Clinical Target Volume Contours at Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Swanick, Cameron W.; Castle, Katherine O.; Vedam, Sastry; Munsell, Mark F.; Turner, Lehendrick M.; Rauch, Gaiane M.; Jhingran, Anuja; Eifel, Patricia J.; Klopp, Ann H.

2016-01-01

Purpose: We prospectively compared computed tomography (CT)– and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) contours at the time of brachytherapy for cervical cancer in an effort to identify patients who might benefit most from MRI-based planning. Methods and Materials: Thirty-seven patients who had undergone a pretreatment diagnostic MRI scan were included in the analysis. We delineated the HR-CTV on the brachytherapy CT and brachytherapy MRI scans independently for each patient. We then calculated the absolute volumes for each HR-CTV and the Dice coefficient of similarity (DC, a measure of spatial agreement) for the HR-CTV contours. We identified the clinical and tumor factors associated with (1) a discrepancy in volume between the CT HR-CTV and MRI HR-CTV contours; and (2) DC. The mean values were compared using 1-way analysis of variance or paired or unpaired t tests, as appropriate. Simple and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to model the effects of covariates on the outcomes. Results: Patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB to IVA cervical cancer were treated with intracavitary brachytherapy using tandem and ovoid (n=33) or tandem and cylinder (n=4) applicators. The mean CT HR-CTV volume (44.1 cm"3) was larger than the mean MRI HR-CTV volume (35.1 cm"3; P 5 cm and parametrial invasion on MRI at diagnosis and for those with a high BMI.

La decisione Holt v. Hobbs: una svolta nelle politiche di religious accommodation con riguardo agli istituti di detenzione nell’ordinamento statunitense?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adelaide Madera

2016-11-01

SOMMARIO: 1. La libertà religiosa negli istituti di detenzione negli U.S.A. e il caso Holt v. Hobbs – 2. Le esigenze di bilanciamento fra libertà religiosa ed esigenze di ordine e sicurezza nelle istituzioni penitenziarie – 3. La diluizione delle forme di tutela della libertà religiosa nel contesto degli istituti di detenzione – 4. L’impatto del R.F.R.A. sulla tutela della libertà religiosa negli istituti di detenzione – 5. L’adozione del R.L.U.I.P.A. – 6. Il riconoscimento di legittimità del R.L.U.I.P.A. alla luce dell’Establishment Clause – 7. I nodi irrisolti del caso Cutter v. Wilkinson – 8. Le interferenze del Prison Litigation Reform Actsulla tutela dell’esercizio della libertà religiosa dei detenuti – 9. La frammentazione dei parametri adoperati dai diversi circuiti d’appello – 10. La decisione Holt v. Hobbs – 11. Le motivazioni della Corte – 12. Il (parziale ridimensionamento del parametro della due deference – 13. La tutela estensiva della libertà religiosa promossa dalla Corte Roberts – 14. Holt e Hobby Lobby a confronto – 15. Il crescente rilievo assunto dall’elemento dei third-party burdens nella giurisprudenza della Corte – 16. Annotazioni conclusive.

The Technology and Applications of Large Fission Product Beta Sources; Technologie et applications des grandes sources beta de fission; Tekhnologiya i primenenie krupnykh istochnikov beta-izluchenij, ispuskaemykh produktami deleniya; Tecnologia y utilizacion de los productos de fision como fuentes de irradiacion beta de elevada intensidad

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silverman, Joseph [Radiation Applications Incorporated (United States)

1960-07-15

) [Russian] Beta-izluchatel i ne vkhodili ran'she v raschet v kachestve krupnykh istochnikov izlucheniya, tak kak v proshlom predstavlyayushchie interes protsessy oblucheniya osnovyvalis' na ispol'zovanii chastits, obladayushchikh sposobnost'yu glubokogo proniknoveniya; poehtomu glavnoe vnimanie sosredotochivalos' na ispol'zovanii gamma-izluchenij i iskusstvenno uskorennykh ehlektronov. Okolo chetyrekh let tomu nazad stalo ochevidnym, chto otkryvaetsya shirokaya oblast' vozmozhnykh primenenij, svyazannykh s poverkhnostnym oblucheniem, kak naprimer, izmenenie poverkhnosti obrazovavshegos ya sloya plastmassy putem sopolimerizatsionnogo narashchivaniya i poverkhnostnoj pasterizatsii pishchevykh produktov. Dlya ehtikh primenenij proniknovenie v glubinu yavlyaetsya neehkonomnym, a vozmozhno i vrednym. Est'eshche dve drugie oblasti, v kotorykh proizvedennye mekhanicheskim putem ehlektrony ne ochen' podkhodyat: khimicheskij sintez v nakhodyashchikhsya pod davleniem sosudakh s primeneniem oblucheniya i nekotorye vidy tsepnykh reaktsij so svobodnymi radikalami, dlya kotorykh proizvoditel'nost ' na kilovatt umen'shaetsya proportsional'no kvadratnomu kornyu moshchnosti dozy. Istochniki beta-izluchenij s shirokim polem pokazali ochevidnye potentsial'ny e preimushchestva dlya vsekh ehtikh operatsij i poskol'ku oni poluchayutsya v bol'shikh kolichestvakh za schet protsessov deleniya, to predstavlyalos ' tselesoobrazny m sdelat' tshchatel'nuyu pereotsenku vozmozhnostej ikh primeneniya. Vvidu ehtogo pod pokrovitel'stvom Komissii po atomnoj ehnergii SSHA bylo proizvedeno issledovanie primenenij i tekhnologii istochnikov beta-izluchenij, ispuskaemykh produktami deleniya. EHto issledovanie privelo k sleduyushchim rezul'tatam: 1. Otkryvayutsya perspektivny e vozmozhnosti primeneniya v kommercheskom masshtabe istochnikov beta-izluchenij, ispuskaemykh produktami deleniya, v oblasti oblucheniya produktov, v osobennosti dlya izmeneniya putem sopolimerizatsionnogo narashchivaniya obrazovavshikhsya

Standardization of Radionuclides in the Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tokyo; Etalonnage des radionuclides au Laboratoire d'electrotechniqu e de Tokyo; Standartizatsiya radioizotopov v ehlektrotekhnichesko j laboratorii v Tokio; Normalizacion de radionuclidos en el Laboratorio de Electrotecnica de Tokio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Naito, Masashi; Inouye, Yajiro; Yura, Osamu [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tokyo (Japan)

1960-06-15

izmerenii aktivnosti bylo vzyato ochen' malen'koe kolichestvo (50 mg) obraztsa na tonkoj plenke. Ono bylo vysusheno v silikagel'nom sushil'nom vakuum-kotle. Zatem obrazets byl vyparen snova. Tonkaya plenka byla poluchena v rezul'tate togo, chto sinteticheskaya smola, pokryvavshaya vodnuyu poverkhnost', byla perenesena na metallicheskoe kol'tso i zatem pokryta ochen' tonkim sloem zolota s pomoshch'yu vyparivaniya v vakuume. Izotopy Sr{sup 90} - Y{sup 90}, So{sup 60} i Cs{sup 137} byli izmereny vysheupomyanuty m sposobom. Tochnost' izmerenij sostavlyala {+-} 2%. 2) Metod 2 ya a({pi}) ({alpha})-scheta. Obraztsy RaD + E + F, U{sup 238} i Ro{sup 210} byli izmereny s pomoshch'yu tekh zhe apparatov, kotorye primenyalis' pri metode 4 ({pi}) ({beta})-scheta. Tochnost' izmereniya sostavlyala {+-}2, {+-} 1 i + 1% sootvetstvenno. 3) Vychislenie metodom, osnovannom na printsipe sovpadenij. Pri pri- menenii ehtogo metoda byli ispol'zovany metody ({beta})-({gamma}) i ({gamma})-({gamma}) scheta. Stsintillyatsionny j schetchik [Nal (TI), 1'' ({Phi}) X 1''] byl ispol'zovan v ka- chestve detektora u-luchej, a schetchik Gejgera-Myuller a - kak detektor ({beta})-uchej. Nedavno dlya togo chtoby issledovat' sushchestvuyushchee razlichie mezhdu vychisleniem metodom 4({pi}) ({beta}) -scheta i metodom, osnovannom na printsipe sovpadenij, my vmesto schetchika Gejgera-Myuller a skonstruiroval i spe- tsial'nyj tip proportsional'nog o 4 ({pi}) ({beta}) -schetchika, kotoryj mozhet, krome togo, byt' ispol'zovan v kachestve proportsional'nog o 4 ({pi}) ({beta})-schetchika nezavisimo ot skhem sovpadenij. Rezul'taty, poluchennye metodom, osnovannym na printsipe sovpadenij, dlya ({beta})-({gamma}) -u izluchenij v obshchem neskol'ko otlichalis' (na 3-4%) ot rezul'tatov metoda vychisleniya 4 ({pi}) ({beta})-scheta. EHto mozhet proizojti blagodarya samopogloshcheniyu . S drugoj storony, rezul'tat dlya So{sup 60}, poluchennyj za schet metoda, osnovannogo na printsipe sovpadenij dlya ({gamma})-({gamma}) izluchenij

The Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant; La centrais nucleaire Enrico Fermi; Atomnaya ehlektrostantsiya im Ehnriko Fermi.; La central nucleoelectrica Enrico Fermi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hartwell, R. W. [Power Reactor Development Company, Detroit, MI (United States)

1963-10-15

nejtronakh moshchnost'yu 100 mgvt (ehl.) bylo v osnovnom zakoncheno v dekabre 1961 goda. V techenie poslednikh 16 mesyatsev provodilis' shirokie ispytaniya sistem i komponentov. Ehta predpuskovaya programma ispytaniya okazalas' ochen' poleznoj dlya proverki konstruktsii i dlya opredeleniya neobkhodimykh izmenenij. Vse voznikshie problemy okazalis' razreshimymi. V doklade kratko osveshchayutsya naibolee vatnye izmeneniya. Grafitovaya zashchita. V dekabre 1960 goda pervyj kontur byl zapolnen natriem i byli nachaty shirokie ispytaniya. Kogda byl snova otkryt zashchitnyj bak pervogo kontura posle ispytaniya pervogo kontura pri temperature 1000{sup o}F, bylo obnaruzheno, chto bol'shaya chast' grafitovogo bloka zashchity, ustanovlennogo vokrug reaktora, povrezhdena. Vysokotemperaturnye bloki, nasyshchennye borom, uvelichilis' v ob''eme i poteryali prochnost'. Provedennyj tshchatel'nyj analiz pokazal, chto grafitovaya svyaz' povrezhdena. Bylo resheno zamenit' ves' grafit, ispol'zovat' karbid bora v kachestve soedineniya, soderzhashchego bor, ustanovit' blok s pomoshch'yu mekhanicheskogo krepleniya i dovesti vlazhnost' do minimuma. Izmeneniya v korpuse reaktora. Byl proveden remont i vneseny izmeneniya v konstruktsiyu dlya ustraneniya prichiny zaedaniya sborok, dlya likvidatsii povrezhdeniya, kotoroe yavilos' rezul'tatom ehtogo, i dlya ustraneniya v dal'nejshem neispravnosti v peremeshchayushchem mekhanizme upravleniya. Pered remontom byl udalen peremeshchayushchij mekhanizm upravleniya, korpus reaktora byl osushen ot natriya. Posle ehtogo podgotovlennyj peroonvl v spetsial'nykh zashchitnykh kostyumakh byl dopushchen vnutr' korpusa reaktora. Vkhod v rabochuyu zonu obespechivalsya s pomoshch'yu spetsial'nogo- vozdushnogo shl'za, poskol'ku v korpuse reaktora imelsya argon. Izmeneniya parogeneratora. Vo vremya gidrostaticheskikh ispytanij parogeneratora No. 2 byli obnaruzheny techi v neskol'kikh trubkakh. Prichinoj neispravnosti trubok bylo ikh rastreskivanie v rezul'tate korrozii ot

Copolymerization of Ethylene Induced by Cobalt-60 Gamma Radiation; Copolymerisation de l'ethylene induite par des rayons gamma du cobalt-60; Sopolimerizatsiya ehtilena pod dejstviem gamma-izlucheniya ot istochnika ks'yali-60; Copolimerizacion del etileno inducida por las radiaciones gamma del cobalto-60

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Steinberg, M.; Colombo, P. [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, NY (United States)

1963-11-15

fraccionada. La identificacion se efectuo por espectroscopia infrarroja y la composicion se determino por analisis elemental. Para algunos de los productos de reaccion, los autores indican los puntos de fusion cristalinos, las densidades, las caracteristicas de solubilidad y los pesos moleculares. Obtuvieron pruebas de la copolimerizacion del etileno con cada uno de los siguientes monomeros: estireno, metacrilato de metilo, acetato de vinilo, acrilonitrilo, acetato de alilo, isobuteno, clorotrifluoretileno, trans 2-buteno, acrilato de metilo, isopreno, propeno, cloruro de vinilo, 1-buteno, cis 2-buteno, oxido de carbono, vinilpirrolidona, metilvinilcetona y divinilbenceno. Comprobaron que los datos experimentales obtenidos en el estudio del sistema etileno-oxido de carbono responden a una forma lineal de la ecuacion de composicion del copolimero. Encontraron el valor 22,0 para la razon ({alpha}) de las constantes de velocidad especificas correspondientes al oxido de carbono y al etileno, respectivamente, lo que indica que en calidad de monomero el oxido de carbono se activa en tal medida que se fija al extremo de una cadena de radical etilenico libre con una velocidad 22 veces mayor que un monomero etilenico. (author) [Russian] Byla izuchen vyzvannaya gamma-izlucheniem sopolimerizatsiya ehtilena s ryadom razlichnykh monomerov pri temperature 20{sup o}C i pri nachal'nykh davleniyakh do 680 atm. Ehksperimenty provodilis' staticheski v dvukhfaznykh sistemakh, za isklyucheniem sistemy ehtilen-okis' ugleroda. Razdelenie sopolimerov proizvodilos' metodami ehkstraktsii rastvoritelem i fraktsionirovannogo osazhdeniya. Dlya identifikatsii ispol'zovali infrakrasnuyu spektroskopiyu, a dlya opredeleniya sostava - ehlementarnyj analiz. Privedeny kharakte- ristiki nekotorykh produktov reaktsii, vklyuchayushchie ikh temperaturu plavleniya, plotnost', rastvorimost' i molekulyarnyj ves. Ustanovlena sopolimerizatsiya ehtilena s kazhdym iz sleduyushchikh monomerov: stirolom, metilmetakrilatom

Relationship between exercise capacity and left ventricular function at rest in patients with heart failure. An ambulatory left ventricular monitoring study; Relazione tra capacita' di esercizio e funzione ventricolare sinistra a riposo nei pazienti con insufficienza cardiaca. Studio mediante monitoraggio continuo radionuclidico della funzione ventricolare sinistra

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Pace, L.; Cuocolo, A.; Salvatore, M. [Naples Univ. Federico 2., Naples (Italy). Medicina Nucleare; Centro di Medicina Nucleare, Naples (Italy); Nappi, A.; Imbriaco, M; Varrone, A. [Naples Univ. Federico 2., Naples (Italy). Medicina Nucleare; Romano, M.; Trimarco, B. [Naples Univ., Federico 2., Naples (Italy). Medicina Interna

2000-09-01

la valutazione del consumo di ossigeno. Sono stati misurati sia a riposo che al picco dello sforzo vari parametri della funzione ventricoalre: frazione di eiezione, volume telediastolico, volume telesistolico, gittata sistolica, portata cardiaca, velocita' massima del riempimento ventricolare. La frazione di eiezione del ventricolo sinistro a riposo era correlata in maniera diretta con vari parametri al picco dell'esercizio: consumi di ossigeno (r=.60, p<0,001) portata cardiaca (r=0,77; p<0,0001), gittata sistolica (r=0,67; p<0,005), frazione di eiezione (r=0,69; p<0,005). La velocita' massima di riempimento diastolico del ventricolo sinistro a riposo ha evidenziato correlazione inversa con i volumi telediastolico (r=0,48; p<0,05) e telesistolico al picco dell'esercizio (r=0,66; p<0,005). I pazienti sono stati successivamente divisi in due gruppi sulla base della frazione di eiezione (inferiore e superiore a 40%). Nei pazienti con frazione di eiezione inferiore a 40% e' stata osservata correlazione diretta tra la frazione di eiezione a riposo, la gittata sistolica (r=0,66; p<0,05) e la frazione di eiezione al picco dello sforzo (r=0,69; p<0.05). Nello stesso gruppo di pazienti e' stata trovata correlazione inversa tra la velocita' massima di riempimento ventricolare e i volumi telediastolico (r=0,64; p<0,05) e telesistolico (r=0,82; p<0,005) al picco dello sforzo. I risultati di questo studio suggeriscono che la capacita' di esercizio sia collegata alla funzione ventricolare sinistra a riposo e che la funzione diastolica a riposo possa essere capace di influenzare la funzione ventricolare sinistra durante sforzo nei pazienti con insufficienza cardiaca.

Canadian Food Irradiation Facilities; Installations Canadiennes d'Irradiation des Aliments; Kanadskie ustanovki dlya oblucheniya pishchevykh produktov; Instalaciones de Irradiacion de Alimentos en el Canada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Warland, H. M.F.; MacQueen, K. F. [Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Commercial Products, Ottawa (Canada)

1966-11-15

Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) began work on the irradiation of potatoes in 1956, using spent fuel rods as the radiation source. In 1958 the first Gammacell 220, a self-contained irradiator, was designed and manufactured by AECL, and cobalt-60 was then used exclusively in the food irradiation programme. In 1960 the first food and drug clearance was obtained for potatoes. The next stage was to demonstrate to the potato industry that cobalt-60 was a safe, simple and reliable tool, and that irradiation would inhibit sprouting under field conditions. A mobile irradiator was designed and produced by AECL in 1961 to carry out this pilot-plant programme. The irradiator was mounted on a fully-equipped road trailer and spent the 1961/1962 season irradiating one million pounds of potatoes at various points in Eastern Canada. In 1965 the first commercial food irradiator was designed and built by AECL for Newfield Products, Ltd. Whilst the potato programme was under way, AECL initiated co-operative programmes with Canadian food research laboratories, using additional Gammacells. In 1960, AECL constructed an irradiation facility in a shielded room at its own plant in Ottawa for the irradiation of larger objects, such as sides of pork and stems of bananas. During 1963 the mobile irradiator, already a most useful tool, was made more versatile when its source strength was increased and it was equipped with a product cooling system and van air conditioning. Following these modifications, the unit was employed in California for the irradiation of a wide spectrum of fruits at the United States Department of Agriculture Station in Fresno. The Gammacell, mobile irradiator, shielded-room facility, the commercial food irradiator and some of the main food programmes are described in detail. There is an increasing amount of interest in irradiation by the food industry, and prospects are encouraging for future installations. (author) [French] L'Atomic Energy of Canada Limited'(AECL) a entrepris en 1956 des travaux sur l'irradiation des pommes de terre en utilisant comme source des barreaux de combustible epuise. En 1958, l'AECL a concu et fabrique le premier appareil Gammacell 220, qui est un irradiateur complet, et l'on n'a plus utilise que du cobalt-60 pour l'execution du programme d'irradiation des aliments. En 1960, la premiere autorisation du service de controle des produits alimentaires et pharmaceutiques a ete obtenue pour les pommes de terre. La phase suivante consistait a montrer aux producteurs et distributeurs de pommes de terre que le cobalt-60 est un instrument sans danger, simple et sur, et que l'irradiation entrave la germination. En 1961 l'AECL a concu et fabrique un irradiateur mobile afin d'executer le programme de demonstration. L'irradiateur a ete monte sur une remorque routiere entierement equipee et, au cours de la saison 1961/1962, 500 tonnes de pommes de terre ont ete irradiees en divers endroits du Canada oriental. En 1965, l'AECL a concu et construit le premier irradiateur commercial de denrees alimentaires pour la compagnie Newfield Products Ltd. Pendant l'execution du programme d'irradiation des pommes.de terre, l'AECL a lance des programmes communs avec des laboratoires canadiens de recherche sur les produits alimentaires, en utilisant d'autres appareils Gammacell. En 1960, l'AECL a construit une installation d'irradiation en casemate dans son etablissement d'Ottawa pour l'irradiation d'articles plus volumineux tels que des quartiers de porcs et des regimes de bananes. Au cours de l'annee 1963, l'irradiateur mobile, qui avait deja montre son utilite, a ete modifie en vue d'elargir ses applications: l'intensite de la source a ete augmentee et il a ete equipe d'un dispositif de refroidissement des produits; en outre, la remorque a ete climatisee. Ainsi transforme, il a ete utilise en Californie pour l'irradiation d'une grande variete de fruits a la station du Departement de l'agriculture des Etats-Unis, a Fresno. Le memoire decrit en detail l'appareil Gammacell, l'irradiateur mobile, la casemate, l'irradiateur commercial et quelques-uns des principaux programmes d'irradiation. L'industrie alimentaire s'interesse de plus en plus a l'irradiation et les perspectives sont encourageantes pour les installations futures. (author) [Spanish] En 1956 la Comision de Energia Atomica del Canada (AECL) comenzo sus trabajos sobre irradiacion de patatas utilizando barras de combustible agotado como fuente de radiacion. En 1958 proyecto y construyo su primera fuente tipo Gammacell 220, que es un dispositivo de irradiacion autonomo; entonces, para el programa de irradiacion de alimentos solo se utilizaba cobalto-60. El Servicio de productos alimenticios y farmaceuticos concedio en 1960 su primera autorizacion para la irradiacion de patatas. La etapa siguiente consistio en demostrar a los sectores dedicados a la explotacion de ese tuberculo que la-fuente de cobalto-60 es un instrumento sencillo y seguro, y que la irradiacion impide la germinacion en las condiciones usuales de almacenamiento. En 1961 la AECL diseno y construyo un dispositivo movil de irradiacion para ejecutar este programa experimental. El irradiador se monto en un autorremolque completamente equipado que durante la temporada de 1961-1962 irradio 1000 000 de libras de patatas en varios puntos del Canada oriental. En 1965 la AECL diseno y construyo para la Newfield Products Ltd el primer dispositivo de irradiacion comercial de alimentos. Mientras se ejecutaba el programa de irradiacion de patatas la AECL inicio algunos programas de cooperacion con laboratorios canadienses de investigaciones sobre productos alimenticios, para los que se utilizaron tambien fuentes tipo Gammacell. En 1960 la AECL construyo en su centro de Ottawa una instalacion de irradiacion con camara blindada para irradiar objetos voluminosos tales como piezas de carne de cerdo y mazos de platanos. En 1963, se dieron nuevas posibilidades de empleo al dispositivo movil de irradiacion, ya de por si sumamente util; se aumento la potencia de su fuente y se le doto de un sistema de refrigeracion de productos y de acondicionamiento de aire. Una vez modificado el dispositivo se utilizo en California para irradiar una gran variedad de frutas en la estacion que el Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos tiene en Fresno. En la memoria se describen en detalle la fuente tipo Gammacell, el dispositivo movil de irradiacion, la.instalacion con camara blindada, el dispositivo de irradiacion comercial de alimentos y algunos de los principales programas. El interes de la industria por la irradiacion de alimentos aumenta constantemente y las perspectivas en lo que respecta a nuevas instalaciones de irradiacion son muy alentadoras. (author) [Russian] V 1956 godu Kanadskoe akcionernoe obshhestvo po atomnoj jenergii (KAOAJe) nachalo obluchat' kartofel', primeniv otrabotannye toplivnye sterzhni v kachestve istochnika izluchenij. V 1958 godu KAOAJe skonstruirovalo i izgotovilo pervuju gamma-kameru 220 - avtonomnyj obluchatel', i kobal't-60 zatem ispol'zovalsja iskljuchitel'no v ramkah programmy issledovanij po oblucheniju pishhevyh produktov. V 1960 godu Upravlenie pishhevyh produktov i lekarstvennyh veshhestv vpervye razreshilo obluchat' kartofel'. Sledujushhaja stadija zakljuchalas' v tom, chtoby dokazat' proizvoditeljam kartofelja, chto kobal't-60 javljaetsja bezopasnym, prostym i nadezhnym sredstvom i chto obluchenie zaderzhit prorastanie v polevyh uslovijah. Zatem KAOAJe skonstruirovalo i izgotovilo peredvizhnoj obluchatel' v celjah osushhestvlenija programmy sozdanija opytnoj ustanovki. Obluchatel' byl ustanovlen pa polnost'ju oborudavannom avtomobil'nom pricepe i ispol'zovalsja vo vremja sezona 1961-1962 g. Im bylo obrabotano 450 t kartofelja v razlichnyh mestah Vostochnoj Kanady. V 1965 godu KAOAJe skonstruirovalo i izgotovilo pervyj promyshlennyj obluchatel' pishhevyh produktov dlja kompanii 'N'jufild Prodakts Limited. V hode osushhestvlenija programmy po kartofelju, KAOAJe pristupilo vmeste s kanadskimi issledovatel'skimi laboratorijami pishhevyh produktov k sovmestnym programmam issledovanij s primeneniem dopolnitel'nyh kamer dlja gamma-obluchenija. V 1960 godu KAOAJe skonstruirovalo ustanovku dlja obluchenija v jekranirovannom pome shhenii na svoem sobstvennom zavode v Ottave, chtoby obluchat' bolee, krupnye predmety, naprimer svinye okoroki i grozd'ja bananov. V 1963 godu, peredvizhnoj obluchatel', kotoryj i do jetogo byl naibolee poleznym sredstvom, stal bolee universal'nym za schet uvelichenija moshhnosti istochnika i osnashhenija sistemoj ohlazhdenija produktov i ustanovkoj dlja kondicionirovanija vozduha v avtofurgone. Posle jetih modifikacij ustanovka ispol'zovalas' v Kalifornii dlja obluchenija raznoobraznyh fruktov na opytnoj stancii ministerstva sel'skogo hozjajstva SShA v Fresno. Daetsja podrobnoe opisanie kamery dlja gamma-obluchenija, peredvizhnogo obluchatelja, ustanovki v jekranirovannom pomeshhenii, promyshlennogo obluchatelja pishhevyh produktov, a takzhe nekotoryh osnovnyh programm issledovanij pishhevyh produktov. V nastojashhee vremja predprijatija pishhevoj promyshlennosti projavljajut vse bol'shij interes k oblucheniju produktov, i perspektivy ispol'zovanija budushhih ustanovok javljajutsja blagoprijatnymi. (author)

The synthesis of the insecticides Aldrin and Dieldrin labelled with carbon-14 at high specific activity; Synthese des insecticides aldrine et dieldrine marques au carbone-14 de haute activite specifique; Sintez insektitsidnogo aldrina i dildrina, mechennykh uglerodom-14 pri vysokoj udel'noj aktivnosti; Sintesis de los insecticidas aldrin y dieldrin de elevada actividad especifica marcados con carbono-14

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thomas, Daniel J; Kilner, A Edward [Radiochemical Centre, UKAEA, Amersham, Bucks (United Kingdom)

1962-03-15

nombre comercial que la compania Shell Chemicals dio al 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 10-hexacloro-1, 4, 4a, 5, 8, 8a-hexabidro-exo-1, 4-endo-5, 8-dimetanonaftaleno. El acetileno-1, 2-{sup 14}C se convierte primero en tetracloroetano y despues en tricloroetileno, y este se condensa con tetracloruro de carbono, por la reaccion de Prins, en presencia de cloruro de aluminio, para dar octaclorociclopenteno. Por decloracion se obtiene hexaclorociclopentadieno que, por una sintesis de Diels-Alder, da biciclo (2, 2, 1) hepta-2, 5-dieno para llegar al aldrin-{sup 14}C con un rendimiento del 12% referido al carbonato de bario. La oxidacion del aldrin da el 6, 7-epoxido, denominado dieldrin, con un rendimiento del 87%. Los autores describen la separacion del octaclorociclopenteno del producto bruto de la reaccion de Prins por cromatografia gas-liquido, y la separacion del aldrin y del dieldrin en pequena escala, por cromatografia sobre el papel, de fase invertida. (author) [Russian] Aldrin - kommercheskoe nazvanie, dannoe SHellom Kemikalom dlya 1 ,2, 3, 4, 10, 10-geksakhloro-1, 4, 4a, 5, 8, 8a-geksagidro ehkso-1,4-ehndo-5,8-dimetanonaftalina. Atsetilen-1,2-C{sup 14} uspeshno prevrashchaetsya v tetrakhloroehtilen i trikhloroehtilen i kondensiruetsya s uglerodistym tetrakhloridom v reaktsii Prinsa v prisutstvii alyuminievogo khlorida v oktakhlorotsiklopentan. Dekhlorizatsiya privodit k geksakhlorotsiklopentadinu, kotoryj dobavlyaetsya v vide Dils-Aldera k bitsiklo (2, 2, 1) gepta-2,5-dinu dlya polucheniya iz barievogo karbonata 12% aldrina-C{sup 14}. Okislenie aldrina privodit k obrazovaniyu ehloksida 6,7 i dildrina v razmere 87%. V dokumente soderzhitsya otchet ob otdelenii oktokhlorotsiklopentana ot syrogo produkta reaktsii Prinsa putem gazozhidkoj khromatografii i ob otdelenii aldrina i dildrina v nebol'shom kolichestve putem obratnoj fazy bumazhnoj khromatografii. (author)

Trace Analysis of Boron in Nuclear Graphite by Means of Gas Chromatography; Analyse de traces de bore dans le graphite nucleaire au moyen de la chromatographie gazeuse; Analiz metodom gazovoj khromatografii sledov bora v yadernom grafite; Analisis de vestigios de boro en el grafito nuclear por cromatografia de gases

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zado, F. [Rudjer Boskovlc Institute, Zagreb, Yugoslavia (Croatia)

1963-11-15

en raison de la sensibilite du trichlorure de bore a l'humidite. (author) [Spanish] Hasta ahora no se han publicado datos sobre la aplicacion de la cromatografia de gases a la valoracion de vestigios de boro en el grafito. El autor examina los siguientes metodos de transformacion del boro en compuestos volatiles: a) Ignicion del grafito en corriente de oxigeno y transformacion subsiguiente del acido de boro en borato de metilo volatil, que se analiza luego en un cromatografo de gases Dilkens Aerograph H, modelo 96, con columna de silicona e hidrogeno como portador (metodo de concentracion). b) Extraccion del boro presente en el grafito por medio de fluoruro de sodio a 2800{sup o}C con cloracion y retencion simultaneas del tricloruro de boro, que luego se analiza (metodo directo). El autor uso un cromatografo de gases fabricado por el mismo, con un detector de conductividad termica y nitrogeno como portador. La columna era de vidrio con 20% en peso de fluorocarburo aceitoso sobre kieselgur. En vista de la sensibilidad del tricloruro de boro frente a la humedad, fue preciso adoptar medidas de precaucion especiales. (author) [Russian] V literature otsutstvuet dannye o primenenii gazovoj khromatografii dlya analiza sledov bora v grafite. Obsukhdayutsya sleduyushchie metody prevrashcheniya bora v ego letuchie soedineniya: a) Prokalivanie grafita v potoke kisloroda s posleduyushchim prevrashcheniem okisi bora v letuchij bornometilovyj ehfir, kotoryj zatem issleduetsya metodom gazovoj khromatografii na aehrografe Dilkensa, model' H 96, s kremnievoj kolonkoj i vodorodom v kachestve nositelya (metod kontsentratsii); i b) Ehkstragirovanie bora iz grafita s pomoshch'yu ftoristogo natriya pri 2800{sup o}C s odnovremennym khlorirovaniem i ulavlivaniem trekhkhloristogo bora, kotoryj zatem podvergaetsya analizu (pryamoj metod). Ispol'zovalas' ustanovka dlya gazovoj khromatografii kustarnogo proizvodstva s teploprovodnym detektorom i azotom v kachestve nositelya. Kolonka byla

Intermediate arithmetic memory; Memoire arithmetique intermediaire; Promezhutochnoe arifmeticheskoe zapominayushchee ustrojstvo; Memoria aritmetica intermediaria

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amram, Y; Guillon, H; Tandardini, D [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

1962-04-15

de inscribirlas sobre una cinta magnetica. Esta integrada por diez registros de dieciseis cifras binarias y dos conmutadores de diez posiciones, que gobiernan, uno la escritura y el otro la lectura; ademas hay circuitos auxiliares que aseguran el avance correcto de cada conmutador con respecto al otro. Debido al reducido valor de la capacidad minima exigida y de la persistencia necesaria, se han adoptado como elementos de memoria condensadores aislados mediante diodos de silicio. He aqui sus principales caracteristicas: tiempo de acceso inferior a 10 {mu}s; cadencia de salida: 0,25 - 0,5 - 1 o 2 ms. Solamente los circuitos de conmutacion estan provistos de tubos electronicos de tipo corriente y de trocotrones. Los circuitos logicos a base de transistores y los elementos de la memoria vienen montados sobre cartones impresos de 10 x 10 cm. El aparato adopta la forma de un estante (rack) de cinco unidades, de 50 cm de profundidad. (author) [Russian] Ehto zapominayushchee ustrojstvo prednaznacheno dlya regulirovaniya postupleniya predvaritel'no kodirovannoj informatsii dlya zaneseniya ee na magnitnuyu lentu. Ono sostoit iz 10 registrov s 16-t'yu dvoichnymi tsiframi i dvukh kommutatorov s 10 pozitsiyami, odin iz kotorykh upravlyaet pishushchim, a drugoj chitayushchim prisposobleniyami. Vspomogatel'nye tsepi obespechivayut pravil'noe polozhenie kazhdogo kommutatora po otnosheniyu k drugomu. Vvidu neznachitel'noj trebuemoj emkosti i neprodolzhitel'nosti uderzhaniya informatsii v kachestve ehlementov zapominayushchego ustrojstva byli vybrany kondensatory, izolirovannye kremnievymi diodami. Osnovnymi kharakteristikami yavlyayutsya: vremya podkhoda men'she 10 {mu}s; chastota vykhoda: 0,25 - 0,5 - 1 ili 2 ms. Tol'ko tsepi pereklyucheniya oborudovany obychnymi ehlektronnymi i trokhotronnymi lampami. Tranzistornye logicheskie tsepi i ehlementy zapominayushchego ustrojstva smontirovany na pechatnykh skhemakh razmerom 10 x 10 cm. Ustrojstvo vyglyadit v vide sostoyashchej iz 5

Obsah aktivních forem N, jeho změny a produkce N.sub.2./sub.O jako parametry přijatelnosti N v půdě

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hynšt, Jaroslav; Šimek, Miloslav

2010-01-01

Roč. 9, č. 2 (2010), s. 18-24 ISSN 1336-1120 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA526/04/0325; GA MŠk LC06066; GA AV ČR IAA600660605 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60660521 Keywords : soil nitrogen availability * nitrogen cycle * contrasting vegetation Subject RIV: EH - Ecology, Behaviour

MR study of the intrinsic acromial angle in 74 symptomatic patients; Studio RM dell'angolo intrinseco dell'acromion in 74 pazienti sintomatici

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Di Mario, Mario; Fraracci, Lucio [Ospedale Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma (Italy). Servizio di radiologia

2005-09-15

e totali della cuffia i valori dell'angolo sono sempre risultati compresi tra 8{sup o} e 17{sup o}. Non si sono osservate rotture per valori angolari inferiori a 8{sup o}; nelle rotture totali l'angolo era sempre inferiore o uguale a 12{sup o}. La distanza acromion-omerale espressa in millimetri e stata calcolata oscillare tra 2 e 10 mm; nelle rotture della cuffia la distanza non e stata mai valutabile perche quasi sempre vicino allo zero, mentre nell'impingement senza rottura la distanza oscillava tra 5 e 10 mm. Il quadro di impingement senza rottura si e evidenziato in 31 casi con valore angolare compreso tra 10{sup o} e 17{sup o}. Conclusioni. Il nostro studio ha dimostrato la efficienza di due parametri quantitativi (il valore dell'angolo intrinseco dell'acromiom e la distanza acromion-omerale) che risultano essere dei fattori eziopatogenetici importanti nella sindrome da impingement. Tali parametri sono risultati compatibili e confrontabili con la classificazione di Bigliani, la quale, a nostro avviso, e suggestiva per la rilevazione morfologia qualitativa ma non risponde pienamente alla esigenza quantitativa. Il nostro studio suggerisce una correlazione inversamente proporzionale tra la misura della distanza acromion-omerale e la sindrome, mentre esiste un rapporto direttamente proporzionale tra il valore dell'angolo intrinseco dell'acromion e la sindrome da impingement. Tali parametri facilmente rilevabili con la RM possono rappresentare un ausilio oggettivo per il Radiologo e di conseguenza per il Clinico, nella determinazione dei soggetti affetti da sindrome da inpingement aspecifico.

A novel time-to-pulse height converter for fast-neutron time-of-flight techniques; Nouveau convertisseur temps-amplitude d'impulsions pour les mesures du temps de vol des neutrons rapides; Novyj vremya-amplitudnyj preobrazovatel' impul'sov dlya izmereniya vremeni proleta bystrykh nejtronov; Nuevo convertidor tiempo-altura de impulsos para tecnicas de tiempo de vuelo de neutrones rapidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Christiansen, J [Physikalisches Staatsinstitut, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

1962-04-15

} s con coincidencias gamma obtenidas de una fuente de {sup 60}Co y utilizando cristales plasticos NE 102, y de 2{tau} = 1,4 {center_dot} 10{sup -9} con coincidencias gamma de 511 KeV y utilizando cristales de Nal (Te). El metodo se utilizo tambien aplicando tecnicas de haces pulsantes. En la experiencia realizada se obtuvo, a partir de una radiofrecuencia pulsadora, una sucesion de impulsos muy aguzados, con una frecuencia de 8 MHz, que se transmitio a las placas de la valvula E80T. Se obtuvo un tiempo de resolucion de 2{tau} = 1,1 {center_dot} 10{sup -9} s con neutrones de 4 MeV, utilizando cristales plasticos de 0,7 pulgadas de largo. Normalmente la region de respuesta lineal fue de 30 ns (30 {center_dot} 10{sup -9} s), pero se consiguio aumentarla hasta 120 ns. (author) [Russian] Opisyvaetsya ehlektronnyj vremya-amplitudnyj preobrazovatel' impul'sov s ispol'zovaniem metoda umnozheniya perekryvayushchikhsya impul'sov vmesto obychnogo metoda ikh slozheniya. EHto dostigaetsya polucheniem sovpadeniya linejnogo piloobraznogo impul'sa s rezko ogranichennym igol'chatym impul'som. Piloobraznyj impul's postupaet na reshetku otklonyayushchej puchok lampy (E80T), a igol'chatyj impul's napravlyaetsya na otklonyayushchie plastiny, gde on otkryvaet lampu tol'ko v techenie promezhutka vremeni priblizitel'no 5 x 10{sup -9} sekund. Plastina poluchaet zaryad, proportsional'nyj raznitse vo vremeni mezhdu nachalom piloobraznogo i nachalom igol'chatogo impul'sov. Posylaemyj plastinoj impul's rasshiryaetsya i usilivaetsya i amplituda ego sootvetstvuet velichine raznitsy vo vremeni. EHtim metodom udalos' poluchit' razreshayushchuyu sposobnost' po vremeni, ravnuyu {tau} = 7 x 10{sup -12} sekundam s iskusstvennymi impul'sami, {tau} = 3 x 10{sup -10} sekundam s sovpadeniyami dlya kobal'ta-60 pri ispol'zovanii plasticheskogo kristalla NE 102, i {tau} = 1,4 x 10{sup -9} sekundy pri sovpadeniyakh v 511 kehv pri ispol'zovanii kristallov Nal (Te). EHtot metod byl ispol'zovan takzhe v sochetanii

Construction of a narrative network aimed at implementing inclusive processes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francesca Salis

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The concept of inclusion in its complex aspects aimed at overcoming barriers to learning and involvement has led this research in university, in the light of special pedagogy and didactics, on the basis of inclusion index parameters, detecting the levels of integrated planning with the territory. The purpose of this study is not limited to disability and to special education needs but goes further than that encompassing isolation and/or exclusions. As far as the university system is concerned, it becomes significant to enquire about the inclusion process, in this case by means of a narrative approach, bearing in mind that organizational and learning models, together with access modes may give rise to social exclusion.Università e territorio: costruzione di una rete narrativa per l’implementazione dei processi inclusiviIl costrutto di inclusione nelle sue complesse sfaccettature mirate al superamento delle barriere all’apprendimento e alla partecipazione, ha guidato il presente lavoro di ricerca in ambito universitario alla luce della pedagogia e didattica speciale, sulla base dei parametri dell’Index for Inclusion, rilevando i livelli di progettazione integrata con il territorio. Il suo raggio di azione non si limita alla disabilità ma abbraccia tutti i bisogni educativi speciali, e l’isolamento, la marginalizzazione e/o le esclusioni che ne derivano. Rispetto al sistema universitario è rilevante interrogarsi sul processo di inclusione, in questo caso sulla base dell’approccio narrativo, preso atto che il modello organizzativo e le modalità di accesso e formative possono essere causa di esclusione formativa e sociale.

Photon-induced cell migration and integrin expression promoted by DNA integration of HPV16 genome

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rieken, Stefan; Simon, Florian; Habermehl, Daniel; Dittmar, Jan Oliver; Combs, Stephanie E.; Weber, Klaus; Debus, Juergen; Lindel, Katja

2014-01-01

Persistent human papilloma virus 16 (HPV16) infections are a major cause of cervical cancer. The integration of the viral DNA into the host genome causes E2 gene disruption which prevents apoptosis and increases host cell motility. In cervical cancer patients, survival is limited by local infiltration and systemic dissemination. Surgical control rates are poor in cases of parametrial infiltration. In these patients, radiotherapy (RT) is administered to enhance local control. However, photon irradiation itself has been reported to increase cell motility. In cases of E2-disrupted cervical cancers, this phenomenon would impose an additional risk of enhanced tumor cell motility. Here, we analyze mechanisms underlying photon-increased migration in keratinocytes with differential E2 gene status. Isogenic W12 (intact E2 gene status) and S12 (disrupted E2 gene status) keratinocytes were analyzed in fibronectin-based and serum-stimulated migration experiments following single photon doses of 0, 2, and 10 Gy. Quantitative FACS analyses of integrin expression were performed. Migration and adhesion are increased in E2 gene-disrupted keratinocytes. E2 gene disruption promotes attractability by serum components, therefore, effectuating the risk of local infiltration and systemic dissemination. In S12 cells, migration is further increased by photon RT which leads to enhanced expression of fibronectin receptor integrins. HPV16-associated E2 gene disruption is a main predictor of treatment-refractory cancer virulence. E2 gene disruption promotes cell motility. Following photon RT, E2-disrupted tumors bear the risk of integrin-related infiltration and dissemination. (orig.) [de

Development and validation of a surgical-pathologic staging and scoring system for cervical cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Shuang; Li, Xiong; Zhang, Yuan; Zhou, Hang; Tang, Fangxu; Jia, Yao; Hu, Ting; Sun, Haiying; Yang, Ru; Chen, Yile; Cheng, Xiaodong; Lv, Weiguo; Wu, Li; Zhou, Jin; Wang, Shaoshuai; Huang, Kecheng; Wang, Lin; Yao, Yuan; Yang, Qifeng; Yang, Xingsheng; Zhang, Qinghua; Han, Xiaobing; Lin, Zhongqiu; Xing, Hui; Qu, Pengpeng; Cai, Hongbing; Song, Xiaojie; Tian, Xiaoyu; Shen, Jian; Xi, Ling; Li, Kezhen; Deng, Dongrui; Wang, Hui; Wang, Changyu; Wu, Mingfu; Zhu, Tao; Chen, Gang; Gao, Qinglei; Wang, Shixuan; Hu, Junbo; Kong, Beihua; Xie, Xing; Ma, Ding

2016-04-12

Most cervical cancer patients worldwide receive surgical treatments, and yet the current International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system do not consider surgical-pathologic data. We propose a more comprehensive and prognostically valuable surgical-pathologic staging and scoring system (SPSs). Records from 4,220 eligible cervical cancer cases (Cohort 1) were screened for surgical-pathologic risk factors. We constructed a surgical-pathologic staging and SPSs, which was subsequently validated in a prospective study of 1,104 cervical cancer patients (Cohort 2). In Cohort 1, seven independent risk factors were associated with patient outcome: lymph node metastasis (LNM), parametrial involvement, histological type, grade, tumor size, stromal invasion, and lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI). The FIGO staging system was revised and expanded into a surgical-pathologic staging system by including additional criteria of LNM, stromal invasion, and LVSI. LNM was subdivided into three categories based on number and location of metastases. Inclusion of all seven prognostic risk factors improves practical applicability. Patients were stratified into three SPSs risk categories: zero-, low-, and high-score with scores of 0, 1 to 3, and ≥4 (P=1.08E-45; P=6.15E-55). In Cohort 2, 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) outcomes decreased with increased SPSs scores (P=9.04E-15; P=3.23E-16), validating the approach. Surgical-pathologic staging and SPSs show greater homogeneity and discriminatory utility than FIGO staging. Surgical-pathologic staging and SPSs improve characterization of tumor severity and disease invasion, which may more accurately predict outcome and guide postoperative therapy.

Second order statistical analysis of US image texture; Analisi della tessitura delle immagini ecografiche con metodi statistici del secondo ordine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanzi, F.; Novario, R. [Varese Ospedale di Circolo, Varese (Italy). Servizio di fisica sanitaria; Conte, L. [Varese Univ., Varese (Italy). Cattedra di biofisica e tecnologie biomediche; Tosetto, C.; Dimichele, R. [Milan Clinica Mangiagalli, Milan (Italy). Istituti clinici di perfezionamento; Goddi, A. [SME, Studio medico di diagnostica per immagini, Varese (Italy)

1999-05-01

The study reports the sonographic image texture of the neonatal heart in different stages of development by calculating numerical parameters extracted from the gray scale co-occurrence matrix. To show pixel values differences and enhance texture structure, images were equalized and then the gray level range was reduced to 16 to allow sufficiently high occupancy frequency of the co-occurrence matrix. Differences are so little significant that they may be due to different factors affecting image texture and the variability introduced by manual ROI positioning; therefore no definitive conclusions can be drawn as to considering this kind of analysis capable of discriminating different stages of myocardial development. [Italian] Scopo del lavoro e' la caratterizzazione della tessitura di immagini ecocardiografiche di neonati in diverse fasi dell'accrescimento mediante il valore di parametri ottenuti con il metodo della matrice delle co-occorrenze. Per evidenziare le differenze tra i pixel e quindi esaltare la tessitura, le immagini sono state elaborate mediante equalizzazione, successivamente sono state ridotte a 16 livelli di grigio al fine di avere alta frequenza di occupazione della matrice delle co-occorrenze. Nonostante alcuni confronti risultino significativi a livello del 95% dei casi, non si possono trarre conclusioni definitive circa la possibilita' di utilizzare questa metodica per disciminare fasi diverse della crescita miocardica, in quanto le differenze di tessitura sono cosi' lievi che possono essere ascrivibili alla normale variabilita' della tessitura introdotta dal metodo di acquisizione delle immagini e dal posizionamento delle regioni di interesse.

Uterine cervical carcinoma: a comparison of two- and three-dimensional T2-weighted turbo spin-echo MR imaging at 3.0 T for image quality and local-regional staging

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shin, Y.R. [The Catholic University of Korea, Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary' s Hospital, College of Medicine, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); The Catholic University of Korea, Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary' s Hospital, College of Medicine, Bupyeong 6-dong, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon (Korea, Republic of); Rha, S.E.; Choi, B.G.; Oh, S.N.; Park, M.Y.; Byun, J.Y. [The Catholic University of Korea, Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary' s Hospital, College of Medicine, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2013-04-15

To compare three-dimensional (3D) T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) with multiplanar two-dimensional (2D) T2-weighted TSE for the evaluation of invasive cervical carcinoma. Seventy-five patients with cervical carcinoma underwent MRI of the pelvis at 3.0 T, using both 5-mm-thick multiplanar 2D (total acquisition time = 12 min 25 s) and 1-mm-thick coronal 3D T2-weighted TSE sequences (7 min 20 s). Quantitative analysis of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and qualitative analysis of image quality were performed. Local-regional staging was performed in 45 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy. The estimated SNR of cervical carcinoma and the relative tumour contrast were significantly higher on 3D imaging (P < 0.0001). Tumour conspicuity was better with the 3D sequence, but the sharpness of tumour margin was better with the 2D sequence. No significant difference in overall image quality was noted between the two sequences (P = 0.38). There were no significant differences in terms of the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of parametrial invasion, vaginal invasion, and lymph node metastases. Multiplanar reconstruction 3D T2-weighted imaging is largely equivalent to 2D T2-weighted imaging for overall image quality and staging accuracy of cervical carcinoma with a shorter MR data acquisition, but has limitations with regard to the sharpness of the tumour margin. circle 3D T2-weighted MR sequence is equivalent to 2D for cervical carcinoma staging. (orig.)

Comparison of optimised endovaginal vs external array coil T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging techniques for detecting suspected early stage (IA/IB1) uterine cervical cancer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Downey, Kate; Morgan, Veronica A.; Giles, Sharon L.; MacDonald, A.; DeSouza, Nandita M. [The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre, Surrey (United Kingdom); Attygalle, Ayoma D. [The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Histopathology, London (United Kingdom); Davis, M. [Kingston Hospital, Department of Gynaecology, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey (United Kingdom); Ind, Thomas E.J.; Shepherd, John H. [The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Gynecology Unit, London (United Kingdom)

2016-04-15

To compare sensitivity and specificity of endovaginal versus external-array coil T2-W and T2-W + DWI for detecting and staging small cervical tumours. Optimised endovaginal and external array coil MRI at 3.0-T was done prospectively in 48 consecutive patients with stage Ia/Ib1 cervical cancer. Sensitivity/specificity for detecting tumour and parametrial extension against histopathology for a reading radiologist were determined on coronal T2-W and T2W + DW images. An independent radiologist also scored T2-W images without and with addition of DWI for the external-array and endovaginal coils on separate occasions >2 weeks apart. Cohen's kappa assessed inter- and intra-observer agreement. Median tumour volume in 19/38 cases positive on subsequent histology was 1.75 cm{sup 3}. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were: reading radiologist 91.3 %, 89.5 %, 91.3 %, 89.5 %, respectively; independent radiologist T2-W 82.6 %, 73.7 %, 79.1 %, 77.8 % for endovaginal, 73.9 %, 89.5 %, 89.5 %, 73.9 % for external-array coil. Adding DWI improved sensitivity and specificity of endovaginal imaging (78.2 %, 89.5 %); adding DWI to external-array imaging improved specificity (94.7 %) but reduced sensitivity (66.7 %). Inter- and intra-observer agreement on T2-W + DWI was good (kappa = 0.67 and 0.62, respectively). Endovaginal coil T2-W MRI is more sensitive than external-array coil for detecting tumours <2 cm{sup 3}; adding DWI improves specificity of endovaginal imaging but reduces sensitivity of external-array imaging. (orig.)

Adjuvant treatment and outcomes of stage III endometrial carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Connell, C.; Ludbrook, J.; Davy, M.; Yeoh, E

2003-01-01

Surgery with staging using FIGO (1988) classification is accepted management for stage III endometrial carcinoma. The delivery of adjuvant therapy is controversial and tends to be individualised. Retrospective review of stage III endometrial carcinoma patients who underwent radical surgery at the Royal Adelaide and Queen Elizabeth Hospitals from 1984 to 2003 was carried out. Medical records were reviewed for details of patient characteristics, surgery, histopathology, adjuvant therapy and recurrence/survival. Sixty-six patients with a median age of 69 (37-97), had a median follow-up of 26 months (1-188 ). For all stage III patients, the actuarial 5-year disease-free and overall survivals were 50 and 43% respectively. Thirty-five patients received pelvic +/- paraaortic radiotherapy, 5 whole abdominal radiotherapy, 14 vaginal brachytherapy boost, 10 chemotherapy and 13 adjuvant hormones. Forty-six percent of patients recurred in a median time of 13 months (0-95). For these patients, the sites of first recurrence were pelvis in 27%, pelvis and abdomen in 23%, abdomen alone in 13%, distant alone in 27%, distant and abdominal in 7% and all three sites in 3%. On univariate analysis disease-free survival was impacted by; age, grade, parametrial involvement, number of extrauterine sites, lymphovascular invasion, adjuvant radiotherapy to the pelvis alone and postoperative macroscopic residual disease. Lymphovascular invasion, post-operative residual disease and adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy remained significant on multivariate analysis. These outcomes for stage III endometrial carcinoma are comparable to the current literature. Ongoing research is required to establish the most appropriate adjuvant therapy in these high risk patients

Preliminary results of study comparing HDR with LDR brachytherapy for IIIb cervical cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Trippe, N.; Pellizzon, A.C.A.; Novaes, P.; Salvajoli, J.V.; Fogaroli, R.; Maia, M.A.C.; Baraldi, H.; Ferrigno, R.

1996-01-01

Since 1992 we have been using a Micro-Selectron HDR device, working with Iridium 192 to treat the cervical cancer and some others pathologies. With a minimum follow up of 24 months, 59 patients with cervical cancer were randomizated for one of the following schedule of treatment: EBRT - 45Gy - fx 1,8Gy plus Brachytherapy 1-HDR - 36 (61%) - 4 weekly insertions of 6,0Gy at point A 2-LDR - 29 (39%) - two insertions fifteen days apart of 17,5Gy at point A EBRT was performed with a Linac 4MV, in box arrangement and parametrial complementation of dose with AP-PA fields. For Brachytherapy Fletcher Colpostats are used in association with intrauterine tamdens, in both arms. Brachyterapy starts in HDR group after ten days of the beginning of the treatment. The total time of treatment is shortened here in two weeks. LDR brachytherapy starts only after the end of EBRT. Results - local control was 61% in 12 months and 50% in 24 months for HDR group, versus 52,6% and 47,8% for LDR group. Local failures of 39% and 50% in 12 and 24 months for HDR and 47,8% and 52,8% for LDR groups respectively. Complications were restricted to rectites and cistites - 8,3% for HDR and 13% for LDR. Conclusions - HDR brachytherapy has an equivalent local control when compared to LDR, can treat a larger number of patients in a shorter period, has possibilities of dose optimizations and decrease the radiation exposure to the staff

Epidemiological review on chlorine dioxide; Il biossido di cloro: efficacia e aspetti epidemiologici

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sansebastiano, G. [Parma Univ. (Italy). Fac. di Agraria; Zoni, R.; Mezzetta, S.

1998-04-01

The Hygiene Institute of the University of Parma carried out inactivation test on poliovirus l, Coxsachievirus B3 and Echovirus 7, using Chlorine dioxide at varying pH values and varying temperatures. The results high lightened the high virus killing potential of ClO{sub 2} and that this was more active under slightly more alkaline conditions and at temperatures higher than 20 C degrees. The literature relating to experimental and analytical epidemiological studies carried out on man were also surveyed so as to evaluate the toxic effects of ClO{sub 2} and ClO{sub 2}{sup -}. This survey found no evidence of any significant changes in hematologic parameters (red cells, hemoglobin, average-cell volume, average cell concentration) or in total cholesterol, HDL, apolipoprotein B, methaemoglobin and thyroid hormones. [Italiano] L`Istituto di Igiene dell`Universita` di Parma ha condotto test di inattivazione su Poliovirus l, Coxsakcievirus B3 ed Echovirus 7, usando biossido di cloro a diversi valori di pH e temperatura. i risultati hanno evidenziato l`elevato potere di inattivazione del ClO{sub 2} e che questo e` piu` attivo in condizioni lievemente alcaline ed a temperature superiori a 20 gradi C. E` stata rivista la letteratura relativa a studi di epidemiologia analitica e sperimentale condotti sull`uomo per valutare gli effetti tossici di ClO{sub 2} e ClO{sub 2}{sup -}. Tali controlli non hanno evidenziato alcun cambiamento nei parametri ematologici (globuli rossi, emoglobina, volume cellulare medio, concentrazione cellulare media) come anche nel colesterolo totale, HDL, apolipoproteina B, metaemoglobina ed ormoni tiroidei.

Metodologija postavljanja diferencijalnih jednačina pri istraživanju dinamičkih parametara konstrukcije lansirne rampe na vozilu točkašu / Methodology make of differential equations at investigation of dynamic parameters of constructions of launcher on vehicle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vlado P. Đurković

2007-07-01

Full Text Available U radu se određuju optimalni parametri konstrukcije lansirne rampe: položaj tačke vešanja hidrocilindra na rampi, dužina i materijal rampe, koeficijent viskoznog trenja ulja u hidrocilindru, koeficijent krutosti lansirne rampe i hidrocilindra, poprečni presek rampe, itd. Radi toga postavlja se mehanički model sa tri stepena slobode kretanja i odgovarajući model u vidu sistema od tri nelinearne diferencijalne jednačine drugog reda. Numeričkom analizom dobijenog matematičkog modela (primenom programskog jezika Compaq Visual Fortran, Version 6.5 dolazi se do optimalnosti pojedinih parametara. Dobijeni rezultati, predstavljeni u grafičkoj formi, mogu da budu veoma korisni projektantima raketnih lansera, kako stabilnih, tako i mobilnih, pri razvoju novih konstrukcija i modifikaciji postojećih. / This paper determines optimal construction parametrics of a missile launcher place of hydro-cylinder on launcher, length and material of ramp of launcher coefficient of the viscosity of friction oil in hydro-cylinder, coefficient of stiffness of launcher and hydro-cylinder, cross-section of launcher etc. In this purpose appointment mechanical model with three degrees of freedom motion and analogous model of system of three nonlinear differential equation second order. Numerical analysis obtained mathematical model (programming with language Compaq Visual Fortran, Version 6.5 coming to optimal parameters. Obtained results that are presented in graphical shapes can be very useful for designing stable and mobile missile launchers, both for development of new constructions and modification of existing structures.

Identyfikacja wielokryterialnego modelu istotności pompowni melioracyjnych na terenie Polski

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Wojciech Sałabun

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Niniejsza praca omawia istotny problem związany z klasyfikacją i właściwym zdefiniowaniem wielkości pompowni melioracyjnych. Podstawowa definicja wielkości jest bardzo szeroka, zatem ze względu na liczbę objaśniających ją parametrów wymaga precyzyjnego uściślenia. W dotychczasowych ocenach rozmiarów pompowni melioracyjnych posługiwano się na ogół wrażeniami osobistymi opartymi na subiektywnym odczuciu, które z kolei jest oparte na nieznanej liczbie parametrów. Pojawiające się przy tym trudności z określeniem przynależności obiektów do danej grupy wielkości wynikały głównie z luk informacyjnych dotyczących właściwej granicy podziału pomiędzy poszczególnymi grupami. W niniejszej pracy, do klasyfikacji i podziału pompowni według ich wielkości zastosowano takie ich parametry jak: moc nominalna pompowni P w kW, wydajność całkowita Q w m3 · s oraz zasięg oddziaływania pompowni Fp w ha, dla 270 losowo wybranych obiektów melioracyjnych w Polsce. Do rozwiązania problemu wykorzystano jedną z wielokryterialnych metod podejmowania decyzji (MCDM, opartą na mechanizmach logiki rozmytej, noszącą nazwę metody obiektów charakterystycznych (COMET.

Radical parametrectomy after 'cut-through' hysterectomy in low-risk early-stage cervical cancer: Time to consider this procedure obsolete.

Science.gov (United States)

Pareja, Rene; Echeverri, Lina; Rendon, Gabriel; Munsell, Mark; Gonzalez-Comadran, Mireia; Sanabria, Daniel; Isla, David; Frumovitz, Michael; Ramirez, Pedro T

2018-03-01

The goal of this study is to identify predictive factors in patients with a diagnosis of early-stage cervical cancer after simple hysterectomy in order to avoid a radical parametrectomy. A retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent radical parametrectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy at MD Anderson Cancer Center and at the Instituto de Cancerologia Las Americas in Medellin, Colombia from December 1999 to September 2017. We sought to determine the outcomes in patients diagnosed with low-risk factors (squamous, adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous lesions<2cm in size, and invading<10mm) undergoing radical parametrectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. A total of 30 patients were included in the study. The median age was 40.4years (range; 26-60) and median body mass index (BMI) was 26.4kg/m 2 (range; 17.7-40.0). A total 22 patients had tumors<1cm and 8 had tumors between 1 and 2cm. A total of 6 (33%) of 18 patients had evidence of lymph-vascular invasion (LVSI). No radical parametrectomy specimen had residual tumor, involvement of the parametrium, vaginal margin positivity, or lymph node metastasis. None of the patients received adjuvant therapy. After a median follow-up of 99months (range; 6-160) only one patient recurred. Radical parametrectomy may be avoided in patients with low-risk early-stage cervical cancer detected after a simple hysterectomy. Rates of residual disease (parametrial or vaginal) and the need for adjuvant treatments or recurrences are very low. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

When Does Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Really Avoid Radiotherapy? Clinical Predictors of Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Cervical Cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Papadia, Andrea; Bellati, Filippo; Bogani, Giorgio; Ditto, Antonino; Martinelli, Fabio; Lorusso, Domenica; Donfrancesco, Cristina; Gasparri, Maria Luisa; Raspagliesi, Francesco

2015-12-01

The aim of this study was to identify clinical variables that may predict the need for adjuvant radiotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and radical surgery in locally advanced cervical cancer patients. A retrospective series of cervical cancer patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages IB2-IIB treated with NACT followed by radical surgery was analyzed. Clinical predictors of persistence of intermediate- and/or high-risk factors at final pathological analysis were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate analysis and using a model based on artificial intelligence known as artificial neuronal network (ANN) analysis. Overall, 101 patients were available for the analyses. Fifty-two (51 %) patients were considered at high risk secondary to parametrial, resection margin and/or lymph node involvement. When disease was confined to the cervix, four (4 %) patients were considered at intermediate risk. At univariate analysis, FIGO grade 3, stage IIB disease at diagnosis and the presence of enlarged nodes before NACT predicted the presence of intermediate- and/or high-risk factors at final pathological analysis. At multivariate analysis, only FIGO grade 3 and tumor diameter maintained statistical significance. The specificity of ANN models in evaluating predictive variables was slightly superior to conventional multivariable models. FIGO grade, stage, tumor diameter, and histology are associated with persistence of pathological intermediate- and/or high-risk factors after NACT and radical surgery. This information is useful in counseling patients at the time of treatment planning with regard to the probability of being subjected to pelvic radiotherapy after completion of the initially planned treatment.

Variabilità morfologica ed ecologica in Neomys fodiens e Neomys anomalus nell'Appennino settentrionale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dino Scaravelli

2003-10-01

Full Text Available I due Neomys italiani sono ancora da chiarire dal punto di vista della loro caratterizzazione morfologica e ecologica. Il lavoro prende in considerazione un campione di entrambe le specie proveniente da habitat forestali dell?Appennino settentrionale per i quali sono stati identificati i principali parametri ambientali. Vengono quindi descritte la variabilità dei tratti morfologici delle due specie in aree localizzate nel Parco Nazionale Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona e Campigna nell?Appennino tosco-romagnolo. Risultano di sicuro effetto discriminatorio la maschera facciale, il rapporto piede posteriore/coda e i caratteri cranici. Sulla base dei criteri identificativi si sono realizzate rilevazioni di misure corporee per le due specie e una comparazione degli habitat utilizzati. N. fodiens appare unica specie nelle faggete-abetine e dominante nei castagneti, mentre nell?Ontaneta e nelle zone aperte e termofile si registra la sola presenza di N. anomalus. Mancano entrambi nei prati cespugliati, nella pecceta e nella cerreta. I gradienti presenti sono quindi illustrati. Non appare una differenza altitudinale nel campione esaminato, posto in stazioni tra i 400 e i 1300 m, ma per entrambe vi sono maggiori riscontri nella fascia tra 700 e 850 m. Nell?analisi multivariata rispetto alle altre specie e alle variabili ambientali si riscontra sempre una discreta correlazione con la presenza di acqua di una certa ampiezza, che comunque è significativa solo per N. fodiens, mentre risulta di interesse la positiva correlazione di N. anomalus con Apodemus sylvaticus.

Magnetic resonance imaging for the treatment planning in invasive of the cervix in pregnant women

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Panek, G.; Bidzinski, M.; Krynicki, R.; Sobiczewski, P.; Ceran, A.

2004-01-01

To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the planning of optimal treatment- radiotherapy or radical surgery in pregnant patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix. Material and methods. Four patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix in pregnancy underwent MRI for evaluation of the tumor extent with an emphasis on parametrial invasion and pelvic lymph node metastases. In all 4 patients the diagnosis of carcinoma of the cervix was established in the first trimester of pregnancy. Clinical stage I B was confirmed in two patients, II B in one patient and I A in one patient. The first patient with stage I B disease was treated with radical Wertheim 's hysterectomy. The second patient with stage I B was found inoperable due to bladder involvement not revealed by the MRI. This patient was subsequently treated with radiotherapy. The microscopic examination confirmed deep infiltration of the cervical stroma as detected by preoperative MRI in the radically operated case and the presence of metastases to the pelvic nodes in both patients, also detected by MRI. The third patient with stage IIB disease was treated with external beam irradiation to the pelvis and intracavitary brachytherapy. In the course of follow-up ranging from 9 to 35 months one patient recurred in the paraaortic region and was subsequently treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. MRI is a useful tool for noninvasive staging of pregnant patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix. All data suggesting a subclinical spread of the tumor outside the cervix may be helpful in selecting the optimal method of treatment. (author)

A study of the mechanism of certain heterogeneous catalytic processes using C{sup 14}-labelled compounds; Utilisation de composes marques au carbone-14 pour l'etude du mecanisme de certains processus catalytiques heterogenes; Issledovanie mekhanizma nekotorykh geterogenno-kataliticheskikh protsessov s primeneniem soedinenij, mechennykh uglerodom-14; Estudio del mecanismo de algunos procesos de catalisis heterogenea con ayuda de compuestos marcados con carbono-14

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Isagulyants, G V; Balandin, A A

1962-03-15

An investigation is made of the method of calculating individual phase velocities for parallel, consecutive and parallel-consecutive reactions from kinetic data obtained by the use of labelled atoms. The method is used for calculating individual phase velocities in the decomposition reaction of isopropyl alcohol into vanadium trioxides, dehydrogenations of butane-butylene mixtures and dehydrations of ethyl alcohol. Compounds containing C{sup 14} were used in this study. (author) [French] Le memoire expose une methode par laquelle on calcule les vitesses a differents stades dans les reactions paralleles, consecutives et paralleles-consecutives en se servant de donnees cinetiques obtenues par l'utilisation d'atomes indicateurs. Cette methode est utilisee pour le calcul des vitesses a differents stades de la decomposition de l'alcool isopropylique par le trioxyde de vanadium, de la deshydrogenation des melanges butane-butylene et de la deshydratation de l'alcool ethylique. Pour ces travaux, on a utilise des composes contenant du carbone-14. (author) [Spanish] Se describe un metodo de calculo de las velocidades correspondientes a las distintas etapas de una serie de reacciones paralelas, consecutivas y paralelo-consecutivas, partiendo de datos cineticos obtenidos mediante atomos marcados. El metodo se aplica a la determinacion de las velocidades de las reacciones de descomposicion del alcohol isopropilico por el trioxido de vanadio, de deshidrogenacion de mezclas de butano y buteno y de deshidratacion del alcohol etilico. El trabajo se llevo a cabo con ayuda de compuestos marcados con carbono-14. (author) [Russian] Rassmotren metod rascheta skorostej otdel'nykh stadij dlya parallel'nykh, konsekutivnykh i parallel'no-konsekutivnykh reaktsij, iskhodya iz kineticheskikh dannykh, poluchennykh s primeneniem mechenykh atomov. Metod primenen k raschetu skorostej otdel'nykh stadij v reaktsii razlozheniya izopropilovogo spirta na trekhokisi vanadiya, degidrogenizatsii butan

Memorizing circuit for long pulses; Circuit de memoire pour impulsions longues; Zapominayushchee ustrojstvo dlya dlitel'nykh impul'sov; Circuito memorizador para impulsos de larga duracion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coli, M; Horn, G [Sorin Centro Ricerche Nucleari di Saluggia (Italy)

1962-04-15

The circuit allows unlimited memorization of a positive pulse of any shape, and retains both amplitude and width. Theoretically a rectangular pulse of amplitude A and width t produced as a single pulse when t = 0 can be reproduced in its own area after any time {tau}, so that it may be retained on an oscilloscope synchronized at a repetition frequency {approx_equal} 1/{tau}. The rise form of pulse is not memorized, so that the pulse rise and decay time retained by the oscilloscope are those inherent to the memorizing circuit. Basically the circuit may be considered as being formed by two stretching circuits. These transform the input width from t to t + {tau}. The lengthened pulses of opposite phases are added to obtain at the output a pulse of amplitude A and width t. The delay {tau} is controlled by two monostables triggered at an interval t (delay control circuit) by a saturated amplifier which squares the input and gives two pulses, through a differentiating circuit (delay-measuring circuit). The output pulse is fed back to the input through an attenuator and a delay line. The cycle is repeated with a repetition rate of {approx} l/{tau}. The memorized pulse has a width from 50 {mu}s to over 10 ms. The repetition rate may vary from 10{sup 4} Hz to 30 Hz and less. Another circuit, obtained by using the same principle, is described in the original paper. It can also memorize input pulse shape apart from the amplitude and width. (author) [French] Le circuit permet la memorisation illimitee d'une impulsion positive de n'importe quelle forme; il en conserve a la fois l'amplitude et la largeur. Theoriquement, une impulsion rectangulaire d'une amplitude A et d'une largeur t, produite sous forme d'impulsion unique a un temps t = 0, peut etre reproduite apres un temps {tau}, ce qui permet de la conserver sur un oscilloscope synchronise a une frequence de repetition {approx_equal} 1/{tau}. La forme de la montee de l'impulsion n'etant pas memorisee, les temps de montee et de decroissance retenus par l'oscilloscope sont les temps propres au circuit de memorisation. On peut considerer le circuit comme etant forme essentiellement de deux circuits d'allongement qui transforment la largeur a l'entree de t en t + {tau}. On additionne les impulsions allongees de phases opposees pour obtenir a la sortie, une impulsion d'amplitude A et de largeur t. Le retard {tau} est commande a l'aide de deux circuits monostables, declenches a un intervalle t (circuit de la commande de retard) par un amplificateur sature qui donne a l'impulsion d'entree une forme rectangulaire et emet deux impulsions par l'intermediaire d'un circuit de differentiation (circuit de mesure du retard). L'impulsion de sortie est retransmise a l'entree par un attenuateur et une ligne a retard. Le cycle est repete avec une frequence de repetition de {approx} 1/{tau}. L'impulsion memorisee a une largeur comprise entre 50 {mu}s et 10 ms ou davantage. La frequence de repetition peut varier de 10{sup 4} Hz a 30 Hz et en dessous. Les auteurs decrivent egalement un autre circuit fonde sur le meme principe et capable de memoriser, en plus de l'amplitude et de la largeur, la forme de l'impulsion d'entree. (author) [Spanish] El circuito permite el almacenaje ilimitado de un impulso positivo de cualquier forma, conservando tanto la amplitud como el ancho del impulso. En teoria, un impulso rectangular de amplitud A y anchura t producido como impulso aislado en un tiempo t = 0 puede ser reproducido en su propia area despues de un tiempo cualquiera {tau}, de forma que puede ser retenido en un osciloscopio sincronizado a una frequencia de repeticion {approx_equal} 1/{tau}. El circuito no memoriza la forma de elevacion del impulso, asi que los tiempos de elevacion y de caida del impulso que retiene el osciloscopio son los inherentes al propio circuito memorizador. En esencia, se puede considerar que el circuito esta formado por dos circuitos alargadores que amplian la anchura de entrada desde ra t + {tau}. Se suman los impulsos alargados de fase opuesta y se obtiene asi en la salida un impulso de amplitud A y de anchura t. El retardo {tau} es controlado por dos univibradores disparados a una distancia t (circuito de control del retardo) por un amplificador saturado que transforma en rectangular al impulso de entrada y da dos impulsos por medio de un circuito diferenciador (circuito medidor del retardo). El impulso de salida se pasa de nuevo a la entrada a traves de un atenuador y de una linea de retardo, El ciclo se repite con una frecuencia de {approx} 1/{tau}. El impulso memorizado tiene un ancho de 50 {mu}s a 10 ms y hasta mas. La frecuencia de repeticion puede variar desde 10{sup 4} Hz hasta 30 Hz e incluso menos. Se describe otro circuito basado en el mismo principio y que es capaz de memorizar la configuracion del impulso de entrada ademas de su amplitud y de su anchura. (author) [Russian] Blok-skhema predostavlyaet vozmozhnost' neogranichennogo zapominaniya polozhitel'nykh impul'sov lyuboj formy s sokhraneniem kak ikh amplitudy, tak i ikh shiriny. Teoreticheski pryamougol'nyj impul's s amplitudoj A i shirinoj t, proizvodimyj v kachestve odnokratnogo impul'sa v moment t = 0 mozhet byt' vosproizveden v svoej sobstvennoj zone cherez lyuboj promezhutok vremeni t, tak chto on mozhet byt' zaderzhan na ostsilloskope, sinkhronizirovannom s chastotoj povtoreniya {approx_equal} 1/{tau}. Narastayushchaya forma impul'sa ne zapominaetsya, tak chto vremya narastaniya i spada uderzhannogo ostsilloskopom impul'sa svojstvenny lish' samomu zapominayushchemu ustrojstvu. Po sushchestvu blok-skhema mozhet rassmatrivat'sya kak sostoyashchaya iz dvukh rasshiryayushchikh konturov. EHti kontury prevrashchayut vkhodnuyu shirinu t v t + {tau}. Udlinennye impul'sy protivopolozhnykh faz skladyvayutsya i dayut vykhodnoj impul's s amplitudoj A i shirinoj t. Vremya zaderzhki {tau} reguliruetsya dvumya konturami, ustojchivymi tol'ko v odnom sostoyanii i privodimymi v dejstvie s rasstoyaniya t (kontrol'noj kontur zaderzhki) nasyshchennym usilitelem, kotoryj udvaivaet vkhodnoj signal i daet cherez differentsiruyushchij kontur (izmeritel'nyj kontur zaderzhki) dva impul'sa. Vykhodnoj impul's podaetsya snova na vkhod cherez oslabitel' i liniyu zaderzhki. EHtot tsikl povtoryaetsya s chastotoj povtoreniya {approx} 1/{tau}. Zapominaemyj impul's imeet shirinu ot 50 mikrosekund do 10 millisekund, i bol'she. CHastota povtoreniya mozhet izmenyat'sya v intervale ot 10{sup 4} gts do 30 gts i menee. V samom doklade opisyvaetsya i drugoj kontur s ispol'zovaniem togo zhe samogo printsipa. Pomimo amplitudy i shiriny ehtot poslednij kontur mozhet zapominat' i formu vkhodnogo impul'sa. (author)

Portable scintillation gamma-spectrometer for field measurement of radioactivity in extensive objects; Portativnyj stsintillyatsionnyj gamma-spektrometr dlya izmereniya radioaktivnosti ob''emnykh sred v polevykh usloviyakh

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Besshejko, O. A. [Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv (Ukraine); Vishnevskij, I. N.; Denisenko, R. V.; Malyuk, I. A.; Petrosyan, Eh. E. [Institute for Nuclear Research, Kyiv (Ukraine); Karpenko, S. A.; Prijmak, V. N. [Ukrainian Association for Valves Industry, Dnepropetrovsk (Ukraine)

2011-07-01

The portable scintillated gamma-spectrometer for field measurement of radioactivity in the volume objects was designed. The crystal CdWO{sub 4} that has weak dependence of light yield from temperature in combination with PMT was applied as the gamma-rays detector. The design of the device provides the possibility for measuring radioactivity of the extensive objects in 4{pi}-geometry without background measurements. In this case the value of the efficiency needed for specific activity calculation in close approximation depends only from crystal geometry and density of measuring object and may be set as the device parameter without efficiency calibration procedure during the operation. The spectrometer does not have an auxiliary radio-active source and connecting cables in the composition. The smartphone operated under Windows Mobile is used as the control module. Bluetooth connection provides data exchange between smartphone and measurement head.

A Method of Identification and Inspection for Inventory Control of Irradiated Fuel Elements; Methode d'Identification et d'Inspection Permettant de Proceder a l'Inventaire des Elements Combustibles Irradies; Metod identifikatsii i proverki pri inventarnom kontrole obluchennykh toplivnykh ehlementov; Metodos de Identificacion e Inspeccion para el Control de las Existencias de Elementos Combustibles Irradiados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kinderman, E. M.; Mills, J. S. [Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, CA (United States)

1966-02-15

punto de descarga del reactor y el de almacenamiento del combustible. Pero esos dos lugares presentan dificultades materiales de caracter peculiar para los inspectores o los encargados de controlar el inventario. La distancia entre el objeto y el observador, la escasa iluminacion y l a distorsion optica debida a los medios de blindaje (agua, cristal) son factores que contribuyen a dificultar las operaciones inherentes al inventario de materiales. Para resolver estas dificultades y poder identificar positivamente el combustible descargado de un reactor, los autores han ideado un dispositivo de inspeccion optica compuesto de una estacion fija, un periscopio, un telescopio y una camara fotografica. Con este dispositivo se han hecho pruebas en una pileta de irradiacion por cobalto en las que se han examinado varias muestras marcadas diversamente y tratadas en un circuito de agua caliente. Para estas pruebas se emplearon un periscopio lleno de agua, de 3,35 m de longitud, un telescopio catadioptrico colocado a 4,9 m del periscopio, y una camara de 35 mm para registrar las observaciones. El telescopio, la camara y los soportes son portatiles, pues pesan en total menos de 10 kg y su dimension maxima es de 75 cm. Las observaciones fotograficas de diagramas de resolucion tomadas como pruebas en aire, a 6 m del objetivo del telescopio, pusieron de manifiesto que ese sistema puede resolver senales de comprobacion de 22 {mu}m de ancho, lo que corresponde a una resolucion de 0,8 segundos de arco. Ensayos llevados a cabo con el dispositivo sumergido en agua mostraron que en este caso el poder de resolucion es superior a 50 {mu}m a 6 m, lo que corresponde a una resolucion de 1 segundo de arco, Es evidente que el poder de resolucion nunca puede ser superior al del sistema en aire. El sistema descrito empleado en un inventario real de combustible, reproducira adecuadamente cualquier senal de comprobacion. (author) [Russian] Mesta razgruzki reaktora i hranenija obluchennogo topliva

A transistorized 1024-channel neutron time-of-flight analyser; Selecteur transistorise de temps de vol pour neutrons, a 1024 canaux; Nejtronnyj analizator vremeni proleta s 1024 kanalami i s perevodom skhemy na tranzistory; Aparato transistorizado de 1024 canales para analizar tiempos de vuelo de neutrones

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Giannelli, G [European Atomic Energy Community, CCR, Ispra (Italy)

1962-04-15

adaptabilidad y que sea posible modificar o ampliar si lo precisaran los experimentadores. (author) [Russian] Daetsya opisanie nejtronnogo analizatora vremeni proleta s 1024 kanalami i s perevodom skhemy na tranzistory. EHtot pribor byl razdelen na dve absolyutno nezavisimye chasti: analog k tsifrovomu preobrazovatelyu (ATSP), kotoryj izmeryaet vremya proleta, i 1024-kanal'noe nakopitel'noe ustrojstvo na ferritovykh serdechnikakh. Takim putem vykhodnye signaly, postupayushchie iz ATSP, mogut byt' zaregistrirovany na magnitnoj lente vmeste s vykhodnymi signalami iz drugikh ATSP, izmeryayushchikh drugie fizicheskie kolichestva, otnosyashchiesya k tomu zhe yadernomu prevrashcheniyu pri obshchem kolichestve kanalov, prevyshayushchem moshchnost' nakopitel'nogo ustrojstva. Analog tsifrovogo preobrazovatelya snabzhen vremennym zapominayushchim ustrojstvom, kotoroe blagodarya svoemu regulirovaniyu skorosti signalov: 1) pozvolyaet dostich' velichiny mertvogo vremeni lish' 0,5 {mu} v sekundu, kogda analog tsifrovogo preobrazovatelya svyazan neposredstvenno s 1024-kanal'nym nakopitel'nym ustrojstvom; i 2) sposobstvuet luchshemu ispol'zovaniyu samoj magnitnoj lenty, kogda analog tsifrovogo preobrazovatelya privodit v dejstvie magnitofon. Vremennoe zapominayushchee ustrojstvo obladaet sposobnost'yu zapominat' s chetyrekhkratnoj tochnost'yu (vplot' do shestnadtsati dvoichnykh razryadov). SHirina kanala analizatora kolebletsya ot 0,5 do 48 {mu}s. 1024 kanala mogut byt' razdeleny na dve odinakovye gruppy po 512 kanalov, kazhdaya iz kotorykh soedinyaetsya s dvumya detektorami. Vremennoe zapominayushchee ustrojstvo dopuskaet odnovremennuyu zapis' signalov dvumya gruppami. Kanaly mogut byt' takzhe podrazdeleny po vremeni proleta na dve gruppy, iz kotorykh pervaya gruppa (16 kanalov) ispol'zuetsya dlya zapisi chisto nulevogo vremeni proleta, togda kak vtoraya gruppa mozhet byt' ispol'zovana v lyuboj pozitsii po obshchim intervalam vremeni mezhdu proletami. CHislo kanalov, ispol'zuemykh dlya zapisi

Low-Level {beta} and {gamma} Counting in the Region 0-10 Disintegrations Per Minute; Comptage {beta} et {gamma} d'echantillons de faible activite (0 a 10 desintegrations par minute); Izmerenie {beta}- i {gamma}-izlucheniya maloj moshchnosti (0-10 raspadov v minutu); Recuento {beta} y {gamma} de muestras de baja actividad (0 a 10 desintegraciones por minuto)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manov, George G [Tracerlab Inc. (United States)

1960-06-15

(antisovpadenij) dlya umen'sheniya fona. Izmereniya proizvodilis' s pomoshch'yu sleduyushchikh tipov schetchikov: a) toptsevym, b) tsilindricheskim, s) stsitillyatsionnym 4 {pi}. V dokumente udelyaetsya nekotoroe vnimanie trudnostyam polucheniya svobodnogo ot aktivnosti materiala, ispol'zuemogo dlya proizvodstva schetchikov. V nem privodyatsya dannye o materialakh s razlichnym soderzhaniem aktivnosti, kotorye mozhno svobodno priobresti. Nakoplenie takikh materialov, poluchennykh preimushchestvenn o eshche do vtoroj mirovoj vojny, bystro prevrashchaetsya v neobkhodimost'. Nadezhnost' ehlektronnoj sistemy yavlyaetsya neobkhodimoj dlya izmerenij izlucheniya maloj moshchnosti, v chastnosti, dlya togo, chtoby isklyuchit' podschet pobochnykh impul'sov. V dokumente daetsya opisanie sistemy, v kotoroj redkie impul'sy, posle izmereniya ikh skorosti, napravlyayutsya v ehlektronnuyu tsep', prokhodyat cherez usilitel' i vyvodyatsya cherez osnovnoj vykhodnoj kanal schetnogo mekhanizma. V osnovnom tranzistornaya skhema, vklyuchayushchaya predvaritel'noe usilenie i (ehlektro)pitanie , yavlyaetsya bolee udovletvoritel'noj, chem skhema, ispol'zuyushchaya vakuumnuyu lampu. (author)

Parametri, Variabili e altro: Un ripensamento su come questi concetti sono presentati in classe (Variable Parameters and Other Issues: A Review of How These Concepts Are Presented in Class).

Science.gov (United States)

Chiarugi, Ivana; And Others

1995-01-01

This paper considers the problem of variables, in particular parameters, analyzes how these concepts are presented in textbooks, comments on paradigms of exercises in which parameters intervene, and points out difficulties encountered by students. Discusses results of teacher interviews concerning their dealing with parameters in class.…

The Non-Destructive Testing of Fuel Elements and Their Components for the United Kingdom Power-Reactor Development Programme; Controle Non Destructif des Elements Combustibles et de Leurs Parties Constitutives dans le Cadre du Programme de Developpement des Reacteurs de Puissance au Royaume-Uni; Nedestruktivnoe ispytanie teplovydelyayushchikh ehlementov i ikh komponentov dlya osushchestvleniya programmy soedinennogo korolevstva po razrabotke ehnergeticheskikh reaktorov; Ensayo No Destructivo de Elementos Combustibles y sus Componentes, en el Marco del Programa de Reactores de Potencia del Reino Unido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mann, C. A.; Campsie, I. C. [U.K.A.E.A., Reactor Fuel Element Laboratories, Springfields, Salwick, Preston, Lancs. (United Kingdom)

1965-10-15

'trazvukovaja proverka s pomoshh'ju dvuh pogruzhennyh zondov. Trubki peremeshhajutsja vintoobrazno s bol'shoj skorost'ju cherez nepodvizhnyj bak. Signaly defekta izmerjajutsja i registrirujutsja. Sdelannye s pomoshh'ju dugovogo razrjada prorezi na poverhnostjah trubok ispol'zujutsja v kachestve jetalona pri ustanovke sistemy i proverke ee stabil'nosti. V nekotoryh sluchajah proverka osushhestvljaetsja takzhe pri pomoshhi metoda vihrevyh tokov. Opisyvajutsja dva ispytanija,odno s zamknutoj katushechnoj sistemoj s bystroj proizvoditel'nost'ju, a drugoe - s poverhnostnoj katushkoj s vintovoj razvertkoj. Ispol'zuetsja vybor faz i fil'tracija vyhodnogo naprjazhenija iz mostovoj shemy v diapazone chastot ot 30 do 60 kilogerc. b. Proverka razmerov trubok i tabletok Sravnivajutsja razlichnye mehanicheskie, pnevmaticheskie, jadernye i jelektronnye metody izmerenija razmerov trubok. Opisyvajutsja mery po predotvrashheniju carapin na trubkah. Ob{sup j}asnjajutsja metody izmerenija diametra i dliny okruzhnosti tabletok. Predpolagaetsja, chto s pomoshh'ju tonkih trubok mozhno dobit'sja bolee realisticheskogo podhoda k problemam tabletka/zazor putem sravnivanija dliny okruzhnostej. Razrabotka jeffektivnogo oborudovanija dlja peremeshhenija trubok pozvolila kombini rovat' vysheupomjanutye metody razrabotki v celjah sozdanija kompleksnogo ustrojstva dlja ispytanija trubok, kotorym upravljajut polukvalificirovannye rabochie. Trebovanie, kotoroe pred{sup j}avljaetsja laboratoriej v otnoshenii tochnoj informacii o razmerah trubok, udovletvorjaetsja za schet avtomaticheskoj zapisi izmerenij, chto ustranjaet neobhodimost' primenjat' ruchnoj metod zapisi rezul'tata, kotoryj tr*buet{sub m}nogo vremeni i javljaetsja neskol'ko netochnym. Defektoskopija v obshhem primenima dlja proverki obolochek teplovydeljajushhih jelementov v vide tonkogo sterzhnja, t. e. posle zagruzki topliva i zadelki koncov. Krome togo, celostnost' zakrytyh koncov opredeljaetsja s pomoshh'ju radiografii. Mnogokratnoe obluchenie obychno

Nitrided steel with increased reliability for steam turbine blades of low pressure cylinders; Vysokoazotistaya stal` s povishennoj nadezhdnostni dlya lopatok ha tsilindrov niskogo davleniya parnikh turbin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andreev, Ch; Lengarski, P [Bylgarska Akademiya na Naukite, Sofia (Bulgaria). Inst. po Metaloznanie i Tekhnologiya na Metalite

1996-12-31

A new type of steel has been developed, containing 0.11-0.20% N and less than 0.05% C, the sum of both components being within the range 0.16-0.26%. The metal has an austenite-martensite structure with 10-30% austenite content. Samples obtained by counter-pressure casting have been investigated with respect to the influence of the thermal treatment on mechanical properties. The best properties are obtained when applying hardening by heating at 1050{sup o} C and cooling at 550{sup o} C: fluidity limit R{sub 0}.2>=850 MPa, relative elongation A>=15%, relative shortening Z>=50%, impact viscosity KCU >= 588 kJ/m{sup 2} at critical temperature of brittleness <-40{sup o} C. These properties are combined with high corrosion and wear resistance and make the steel suitable for steam turbine blades. 5 refs., 2 figs., 4 tabs.

GridCom, Grid Commander: graphical interface for Grid jobs and data management; GridCom, Grid Commander: graficheskij interfejs dlya raboty s zadachami i dannymi v gride

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Galaktionov, V V

2011-07-01

GridCom - the software package for maintenance of automation of access to means of distributed system Grid (jobs and data). The client part, executed in the form of Java-applets, realises the Web-interface access to Grid through standard browsers. The executive part Lexor (LCG Executor) is started by the user in UI (User Interface) machine providing performance of Grid operations

Utjecaj ultrazvuka visokog intenziteta na reološka i pastozna svojstva škroba pšenice

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivana Ljubić Herceg

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Svrha ovog rada je ispitati utjecaj ultrazvuka visokog i niskog intenziteta na reološka i pastozna svojstva suspenzija škroba pšenice. Ispitivane suspenzije sadrže 10 % pšeničnog škroba te su neposredno nakon pripreme procesirane ultrazvukom. Sva ispitivanja provedena su prije i nakon ultrazvučne obrade u ultrazvučnoj kupelji frekvencije 22 kHz, nominalne snage 150 W te ultrazvučnom sondom frekvencije 24 kHz, nominalne snage 100, 300 i 400 W. Vrijeme ultrazvučne obrade svih uzoraka bilo je 15 i 30 minuta. Reološka svojstva određena su primjenom rotacionog reometra Rheometric Scientific RM-180 pri temperaturi od 20 ˚C, a pastozna svojstva škrobnih suspenzija određena su primjenom Micro Visco-Amylo-Graph, Brabender Ohg Duisburg, Njemačka po metodi ICC Standard 126/1. Ultrazvučna obrada uzrokuje mehaničko oštećenje škrobne granule čime njena unutrašnjost postaje dostupnija vodi tijekom zagrijavanja što ima za posljedicu značajne promjene reoloških i pastoznih svojstava škrobnih suspenzija. Reološki parametri pokazuju da sve suspenzije imaju ne-Newtonski karakter, a ultrazvučni tretmen uzrokovao je značajno povećanje koeficijenta konzistencije svih ispitivanih sustava. Ultrazvučnim procesiranjem došlo je do značajnog sniženja temperature želatinizacije kod svih škrobnih suspenzija. Značajno smanjenje početnih temperatura želatinizacije upućuje na raniji stupanj bubrenja granule tijekom zagrijavanja.

"STUDY OF CONCURRENT CISPLATIN AND EXTERNAL RADIOTHERAPY PRIOR TO RADICAL HYSTERECTOMY AND LYMPHADENECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH STAGE IB-IIB CERVICAL CANCER"

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M. Modares Gilani

2004-06-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to describe the feasibility of a combined preoperative chemoradiation program Ib-IIa, bulky and suspicious IIb by radical surgery in patients with stage Ib-IIb cervical cancer. From September 1999 to April 2002, 30 patients with carcinoma of the cervix were treated with preoperative external beam radiotherapy of 45 Gy in 5 weeks. Patients received concurrent continuous infusion of cisplatin 50 mg/m2 for one day in week during 5 weeks of radiation. Radical surgery was performed 4-6 weeks after completion of the preoperative treatment. Toxicity with chemoradiation was usually mild. Two patients developed vesicovaginal fistula, and four developed long-term hydronephrosis that needed ureteral stenting. Clinical response was observed in 100% of the patients (23.7% complete response. The analysis of the surgical specimens revealed complete pathological response in 43.3% of the cases and partial pathological response in 56.7%. The degree of pathological response was not predictable by the degree of clinical response. Thirty months disease-free survival and overall survival were 66.3% and 77.31%, respectively. Patients with complete and partial pathological response were not significantly different in terms of disease-free survival (p= 0.08 and overall survival (p= 0.3. Cisplatin in preoperative chemoradiation is effective and usually welltolerated in bulky cervical cancer and parametrial invasion, inducing a high rate of clinical and pathological complete responses. When this therapy is followed by radical surgery, disease-free and overall survival rates are higher. The latter may be possible only through extensive surgical resection with a parallel increase in complication rates.

Adjuvant radiochemotherapy in patients with locally advanced high-risk cervical cancer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heinzelmann, F.; Henke, G.; Grafenstein, M. von; Weidner, N.; Paulsen, F.; Bamberg, M.; Weinmann, M. [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany). Dept. of Radiation Oncology; Staebler, A. [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany). Div. of Gynecologic Pathology; Brucker, S. [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany). Dept. of Gynecology

2012-07-15

Background and purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the outcome of patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma treated by adjuvant radiochemotherapy and to determine risk factors for local and distant relapse. Furthermore, acute and late effects of treatment were recorded. Patients and methods: A total of 72 patients with FIGO stages I-III cervical carcinoma were treated by radical hysterectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, and postoperative radiochemotherapy. Only patients with positive pelvic lymph nodes, parametrial involvement, positive margins, or tumor bulk were eligible. Patients were irradiated with a standard pelvic field (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions). The majority of patients received platinum-based chemotherapy. Results: After a median follow-up of 37 months, estimated 1-, 2-, and 4-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 89%, 80%, 68% and 95%, 88%, 76%, respectively. Nine of the 72 patients had pelvic recurrences including only 1 isolated local failure; 23 of the 72 patients presented with distant relapse. The majority of relapses occurred within the first 3 years after adjuvant treatment. The number of positive pelvic lymph nodes (> 1) was the strongest prognostic factor for DFS. Treatment was well tolerated with transient acute hematologic ({proportional_to}30%) and gastrointestinal ({proportional_to}30%) grade 3 toxicity. Small bowel obstruction ({proportional_to}6%) was the only important late sequelae. Conclusion: Adjuvant radiochemotherapy in patients with advanced cervical cancer and several risk factors is highly effective to prevent local relapse. Future efforts to improve outcome should be placed on improvement of systemic control especially in subgroups with high-risk features for distant relapse. Combined treatment was well tolerated with moderate acute and late toxicity. (orig.)

Amebiasi cutanea in iraniano alcolista, immunocompromesso aspetti immunochimici e istopatologici.

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E. Ventura Spagnolo

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

Obiettivo: nel quadro delle infrequenti manifestazioni extraintestinali dell’amebiasi, le localizzazioni cutanee relative, in corso della mutevole reattività ospite parassita, risultano molto rare. È esposto, pertanto, un caso di amebiasi cutanea, caratterizzato dalla presenza del parassita nelle lesioni dermiche, con i suoi particolari aspetti immuno istologici e clinici, che ne derivano.

Materiali e metodi: uomo di aa. 30, iraniano, residente in Messina, da più tempo. Nel corso di screening parassitologico presso il Centro Assistenza Immigrati, è risultato portatore (fecale di cisti di E. Histolytica. Durante la permanenza in Iran, lavoro agricolo con maneggio di fertilizzanti fecali; abuso di alcolici da più anni. Epatomegalia; in sede mesogastrica, presenza di una lesione ulcerativa, rotondeggiante (cm 2,5 D con induito rossastro e margini sclerotici e dolenti. Esame istologico da frammento bioptico: infiltrato monocitario con degenerazione degli elementi cutanei, e presenza nell’essudato di trofozoiti di E. Histolytica. Parametri immunoematologici: corrispondenti a paziente alcolista, con immunodeficienza cellulo mediata, e negatività per HIV.

Risultati: adoperato trattamento con metronidazolo e paramomicina, insieme a terapia correttiva dei disordini alcolcorrelati, nonché dell’immuno deficit mediato. Aggiunto, inoltre, trattamento topico con pasta di RAVAULT’S, medicata con idroemetina, a forti dosi. Guarigione senza recidive, dopo 4 settimane del complessivo trattamento.

Conclusioni: facilitazione impianto e/o colonizzazione E. Histolytica in sede cutanea, in rapporto ad alterazioni conseguenti ad abuso alcolico e/a immunodeficit cellulo mediato, svolgentisi da più anni, nel caso descritto. Tale lesione cutanea, osservata in soggetto alcolista e immunocompromesso, può rientrare, certamente, nel quadro delle infezioni opportunistiche.

Thirty years since foundation of the department of gynaecology at the Institute of Clinical Oncology in Bratislava

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manka, I. (Komenskeho Univerzita, Bratislava (Czechoslovakia). Gynaecological Dept.)

1980-09-01

In 1949, the department of gynaecology was set up. After a brief historical draft describing the development of the oncological center, we draw attention to the advantages of its multidisciplinary structure demonstrated in our cooperation with that of radiotherapy. The kinds of treatment and their results are reported with regard to the carcinomas of the cervix, corpus and vulva. Radiotherapy of the carcinoma of the cervix using a modified Stockholm method covers two sessions, with an interval of two to three weeks during which 60 mg radium (= 1600 mgh) intrauterine and twice 30 mg radium (= 1600 mgh) intravaginal are applied for 26.5 hours combined with a percutaneous irradiation of the parametries with 3500 to 4000 rad (gammatron, /sup 60/Co; betatron, 42 MeV). We prefer surgical therapy for the carcinoma of the cervix in the Ia, Ib and IIa stages up to the age of 65. We operated on 604 patients between 1957 and 1978, all of them receiving additional radiotherapy, a third preoperative irradiation. Carcinoma of the corpus has rarely been treated surgically in account of the negative selection of our patients. The radiotherapeutic procedure mostly applied is the tamponade of the uterine cavum whereby twelfe 10-mg radium tubes are applied in two sessions for 25 hours, 6000 mgh in all, plus a vaginal implant of 1500 mgh in stage-I cases, and in stage-II cases 3000 mgh intravaginally and a percutaneous telecobalt-dose of 3000 to 4000 rad. Carcinoma of the vulva is, if possible, primarily to be treated surgically by radical vulvectomy and lymphadenectomy of the inguinal and subinguinal lymphodes. Postoperative radiotherapy is carried out, when the lymphodes are positive.

Radio chemotherapy for uterine cervix carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Resbeut, M.; Alzieu, C.; Gonzague-Casabianca, L.; Haie-Meder, C.

2000-01-01

Low-stage uterine cervix carcinoma can be treated by either surgery, radiation therapy or combined treatments with high cure rates ranging from 90 to 95 % for stage IB1 tumors. However, the standard treatment, combining external beam plus intracavitary radiation, fails to control the progression of the disease in 35 to 90 % of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. No substantial improvements have been made in the treatment of these tumors in the past two decades. The addition of concurrent 5-FU in a phase III study failed to improve the results in the overall patient population, but the five-year DFS was significantly better in a subset of patients (tumor > 5 cm and IB/IIA or medial parametrial IIB disease). Concurrent chemo-radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy with epirubicin showed, in a phase III study, a significant longer DFS in patients treated with chemotherapy despite the same long-term local tumor control. After many phase II studies, five phase III studies have recently demonstrated a 40 to 60 % reduction in the relative risk of recurrence with cisplatin containing chemo-radiation. Across these studies, the risk of death was reduced by 30 to 50 %. The benefit was less clear in patients with stages III-IV tumors than in patients with lower stages associated with poor prognostic factors. Hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity of chemo-radiation was greater than that of radiotherapy alone. However, late side effects were similar in the different treatment groups. These results must be confirmed with a longer follow-up. The importance of concurrent chemotherapy during the brachytherapy procedure should be analyzed. It has yet to be determined which chemotherapy regimen achieves the most favorable therapeutic ratio. (authors)

A consensus-based guideline defining clinical target volume for primary disease in external beam radiotherapy for intact uterine cervical cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Toita, Takafumi; Ohno, Tatsuya; Kaneyasu, Yuko

2011-01-01

The objective of this study was to develop a consensus-based guideline to define clinical target volume for primary disease (clinical target volume primary) in external beam radiotherapy for intact uterine cervical cancer. The working subgroup of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) Radiation Therapy Study Group began developing a guideline for primary clinical target volume in November 2009. The group consisted of 10 radiation oncologists and 2 gynecologic oncologists. The process started with comparing the contouring on computed tomographic images of actual cervical cancer cases among the members. This was followed by a comprehensive literature review that included primary research articles and textbooks as well as information on surgical procedures. Extensive discussion occurred in face-to-face meetings (three occasions) and frequent e-mail communications until a consensus was reached. The working subgroup reached a consensus on the definition for the clinical target volume primary. The clinical target volume primary consists of the gross tumor volume, uterine cervix, uterine corpus, parametrium, vagina and ovaries. Definitions for these component structures were determined. Anatomical boundaries in all directions were defined for the parametrium. Examples delineating these boundaries were prepared for the posterior border of the parametrium for various clinical situations (id est (i.e.) central tumor bulk, degree of parametrial involvement). A consensus-based guideline defining the clinical target volume primary was developed for external beam radiotherapy for intact uterine cervical cancer. This guideline will serve as a template for radiotherapy protocols in future clinical trials. It may also be used in actual clinical practice in the setting of highly precise external beam radiotherapy, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy. (author)

Six fractions per week of external beam radiotherapy and high-dose-rate brachytherapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A phase I/II study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoon, Sang Min; Huh, Seung Jae; Park, Won; Lee, Jeung Eun; Park, Young Je; Nam, Hee Rim; Lim, Do Hoon; Ahn, Yong Chan

2006-01-01

Purpose: This study evaluated the treatment results of external beam radiotherapy administered in six fractions per week and high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy for the treatment of cervical cancer. Methods and Materials: From July 2000 to July 2003, 43 patients were enrolled in this study. The patients received 45 Gy from a 10-MV photon beam using four-field box or anterior-posterior beams. Parametrial regions and the pelvic side walls were boosted with up to 50.4 Gy using a midline block. The daily fraction dose was 1.8 Gy administered in six-weekly fractions, from Monday to Saturday. HDR brachytherapy was also delivered at doses of 24 Gy to point A in six fractions twice a week. The median follow-up time was 37 months (range, 9-60 months). Results: The median overall treatment time was 51 days for all patients (range, 44-62 days). Thirty-four patients (79.1%) achieved complete remission and 8 (18.6%) achieved partial remission after radiotherapy. Locoregional recurrence occurred in 5 patients (11.6%), and a distant metastasis was encountered in 6 patients (13.9%). The 3-year overall survival, locoregional, and distant metastasis-free survival rates were 74.7%, 87.8%, and 84.7%, respectively. Grade 2 and 3 late rectal complications were encountered in 3 (6.5%) and 1 (2.2%), respectively. There were no Grade 3 late bladder complications. Conclusions: Six fractions per week of external beam radiotherapy and HDR brachytherapy is an effective treatment for patients with a carcinoma of the uterine cervix and can be used as a possible alternative to concomitant chemoradiotherapy in elderly patients or in patients with co-morbidity

Comparative Performance with Different Versions of Low Heat Rejection Combustion Chambers with Crude Rice Bran Oil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Krishna M.V.S. Murali

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Jak wiadomo, oleje roslinne sa obiecujacym substytutem paliw ropopochodnych, poniewaz ich własciwosci sa podobne do oleju dieslowskiego, sa odnawialne i łatwe do wyprodukowania. Niemniej, surowe oleje roslinne wykazuja wady, takie jak wysoka lepkosc i mała lotnosc, co wymaga komory spalania o małych stratach ciepła, której istotnymi cechami sa m.in. wyzsza temperatura robocza, maksymalne wydzielanie ciepła i zdolnosc do wykorzystania paliwa o mniejszej wartosci kalorycznej (CV. Przeprowadzono eksperymenty majace na celu ocene osiagów silnika z róznymi komorami spalania o małych stratach ciepła (LHR, takich jak głowica cylindra o pokryciu ceramicznym (LHR-1, tłok izolowany szczelina powietrzna z denkiem ze stopu Superni (superstop niklu i tuleja cylindra z wkładka z Superni izolowana szczelina powietrzna (LHR-2 oraz głowica cylindra z pokryciem ceramicznym, tłok i tuleja cylindra izolowane szczelinami powietrznymi (LHR-3. Badania prowadzono przy normalnej temperaturze oleju roslinnego (surowy olej z otrab ryzowych, CRBO i zmiennym cisnieniu w otworze wtryskiwacza. Parametry osiagów silnika (uzyteczna sprawnosc termiczna, uzyteczny współczynnik zuzycia energii, temperatura gazu wydychanego, obciazenie obiegiem chłodziwa i współczynnik napełnienia oraz emisje wydechowe [poziomy dymu i tlenków azotu, NOx] zostały wyznaczone przy róznych wartosciach sredniego uzytecznego cisnienia w silniku. Charakterystyki spalania [cisnienie szczytowe, czas wystepowania cisnienia szczytowego, maksymalna szybkosc wzrostu cisnienia] zostały wyznaczone w warunkach pracy silnika z pełnym obciazeniem.

An educational method for evaluating the resistance to the treatment in the diagnosis of dyscalculia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giampaolo Chiappini

2016-04-01

Full Text Available In this paper a didactical method that has been proven effective for evaluating the “resistance to the treatment” of the student is presented. This parameter is essential for distinguishing the learning difficulties in mathematics from the learning disorder of dyscalculia. The method is based on GimmeFive, an application that has been designed to develop skills in mental calculation of multi-digit additions and subtractions. In this paper we present the results of two experiments conducted with groups of students respectively with learning difficulties in mathematics and dyscalculia. These experiments allowed to show the effectiveness of the didactical method in the evaluation of the resistance to the treatment and to discuss the features that make it adequate for the evaluation of the learning disorder. An educational method for evaluating the resistance to the treatment in the diagnosis of dyscalculiaIn questo lavoro viene presentato un metodo didattico che si è dimostrato efficace per valutare la resistenza al trattamento dello studente che è uno dei parametri fondamentali per distinguere la difficoltà di apprendimento in matematica dal disturbo di apprendimento noto come discalculia. Il metodo si basa sull’uso dell’applicazione GimmeFive che è stata progettata per sviluppare competenze nel calcolo mentale di addizioni e sottrazioni a più cifre. In questo lavoro vengono presentati risultati di due sperimentazioni condotte con gruppi di studenti rispettivamente con difficoltà di apprendimento e con diagnosi di discalculia. Queste sperimentazioni hanno consentito di mostrare l’efficacia del metodo didattico nella valutazione della resistenza al trattamento e di discutere le caratteristiche che lo rendono adeguato per la valutazione del disturbo di apprendimento.

Up-to-date management of lymph node metastasis and the role of tailored lymphadenectomy in cervical cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sakuragi, Noriaki

2007-01-01

Lymph node metastasis (LNM), together with parametrial infiltration and positive surgical margins, is an important prognostic factor in cervical cancer. The incidence of LNM increases with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, with rates being 12%-22% in stage Ib, 10%-27% in stage IIa, and 34%-43% in stage IIb. Radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy are widely used treatments for early-stage (Ib to IIa) cervical cancer, as well as for stage IIb disease, in some European and Asian countries. In several types of cancer, the therapeutic significance of systematic lymphadenectomy has been demonstrated by recent reports showing that a larger number of lymph nodes removed relates to better survival. In cervical cancer, a significant relationship between the number of lymph nodes removed and disease-free survival has been reported in node-positive patients. Preoperative evaluation of nodal status with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging techniques is not sensitive enough to replace the histological examination of dissected nodes. The sentinel node procedure may be an alternative to systematic lymphadenectomy to reduce treatment-related morbidity, but more work on this is needed. Although the presence of LNM does not change FIGO staging, it will modulate postoperative therapy. Progression-free and overall survivals were significantly improved by the addition of chemotherapy to adjuvant radiotherapy after radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy combined solely with radical hysterectomy and systematic lymphadenectomy may also provide a survival benefit. In conclusion, efforts to establish more tailored surgical strategies, by introducing advanced imaging technologies and molecular diagnostic procedures, are needed for cervical cancer. (author)

Analiza parametrów geotechnicznych gruntów słabonośnych na przykładzie dokumentowania warunków budowy podłoża gruntowego dla inwestycji liniowej

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Piotr Paprocki

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Kluczowe znaczenie dla bezpiecznego, a zarazem ekonomicznego zaprojektowania drogowej inwestycji liniowej mają informacje dotyczące obszaru i głębokości występowania gruntów słabonośnych, ich rodzaju (charakterystyki oraz wartości prawidłowo określonych parametrów odkształceniowych i wytrzymałościowych. W artykule przedstawiono analizy przeprowadzone w celu wyznaczenia wyprowadzonych wartości parametrów geotechnicznych słabonośnych gruntów organicznych, tj. torfów gytii i namułów, oraz korelacje ich cech fizycznych i mechanicznych występujących w podłożu projektowanej drogi ekspresowej S5 na odcinku Białe Błota – granica województw wielkopolskiego i kujawsko-pomorskiego. W analizie wykorzystano wartości parametrów geotechnicznych uzyskanych na podstawie badań terenowych (wiercenia, sondowania CPTU, sondowania sondą krzyżakową, badania dylatometrem Marchettiego oraz badań laboratoryjnych (badania w aparacie trójosiowym, testy edometryczne. W odniesieniu do badanych gruntów organicznych należy stwierdzić, że zawartość części organicznych ma istotny wpływ na inne cechy fizyczne gruntów, takie jak: wilgotność naturalna, gęstość objętościowa, oraz na parametry wytrzymałościowo-odkształceniowe i może być używana (obok rodzaju gruntu jako cecha charakteryzująca występujące w podłożu warstwy gruntów organicznych.

Image quality of a Konica Regius 336 digital system in chest radiography; Qualita' dell'immagine di un sistema digitale Konica Regius 336 per radiologia toracica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ostinelli, A.; Frigerio, M.; Monti, A.F.; Gelosa, S.; Tognoli, P.; Perniola, N. [Azienda Ospedaliera S. Anna, Como (Italy). Servizio di Fisica Sanitaria; Gozzi, G. [Azienda Ospedaliera S. Anna, Como (Italy). Servizio di Radiologia

2000-06-01

di Como e' stato recentemente installato il sistema radiologico computerizzato automatico Regius 336 (Konica Corporation, Tokyo, Giappone), dedicato alla radiologia toracica, si e' stabilito di valutarne le prestazioni sulla base delle caratteristiche tecniche delle immagini prodotte. Il sistema radiologico computerizzato Regius 336 e' costituito da uno schermo ai fosfori e da un lettore a raggi laser a infrarosso. L'immagine ottenuta dal rivelatore a fosfori e' soggetta a elaborazione che consente di ottenere stabilita' di prestazioni e una curva caratteristica simile a quella dei sistemi tradizionali. La qualita' delle immagini radiografiche e' stata definita oggettivamente attraverso la valutazione dei seguenti parametri: esposizione incidente, contrasto, rumore e risoluzione spaziale. Al fine di fornire un termine di controllo, sono stati misurati gli stessi parametri sulle immagini fornite da un sistema tradizionale Cronex 88 (DuPont Pharma, North Billerica, Massachussetts, USA). I valori del kerma in aria registrati con e senza fantoccio toracico sono risultati costantemente maggiori circa del 10% per il sistema digitale. Il rumore risulta generalmente superiore rispetto a quello delle immagini analogiche, in taluni casi anche pari al doppio. Le densita' ottiche dei singoli gradini di due filtri a cuneo e la risoluzione spaziale delle immagini prodotte dal sisema digitale risentono meno della variazione dei valori della tensione impostati, contrariamente a quanto riscontrato nel sistema analogico, in conseguenza di una piu' ampia latitudine di registrazione. In particolare, le immagini analogiche dei gradini ottenute con tensioni differenti mostrano ampia variazione della densita' ottica (nell'intervallo di 2). Le curve della funzione di trasferimento di modulazione fornite dai due sistemi non presentano invece marcate differenze. Complessivamente, le prestazioni del sistema digitale Regius 336 sono

Associação entre a expressão das proteínas p53 e Ki-67 e os achados clínico-patológicos em pacientes com carcinoma invasor do colo uterino Association between p53 and Ki-67 expression and clinicopathologic features in patients with carcinoma of the cervix

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agnaldo L. Silva-Filho

2005-05-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar a associação da expressão das proteínas p53 e Ki-67 no tumor com achados clínico-patológicos em pacientes com carcinoma invasor de colo uterino. MÉTODOS: foram estudadas amostras de tumor obtidas de 36 pacientes submetidas a histerectomia radical para tratamento de carcinoma invasor do colo uterino estádio IB (FIGO. Amostras do tumor foram fixadas em formol e incluídas em parafina. O material foi analisado pela histopatologia (hematoxilina e eosina e processado para marcação imuno-histoquímica por anticorpos monoclonais contra as proteínas p53 e Ki-67. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de chi2 para a avaliação das diferenças entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: a idade das pacientes variou de 27 a 73 anos (48,7±10,4 anos. O estadiamento clínico (FIGO foi IB1 em 27 casos (75% e IB2 em 9 casos (25%. A expressão tumoral da proteína p53 foi positiva em metade dos casos. Em relação à expressão do Ki-67, foi evidenciado alto grau de proliferação celular em 73,3% dos casos. Não houve associação da expressão das proteínas p53 e Ki-67 no tumor com idade (p=0,091 e 0,900, estadiamento (p=0,054 e 0,667, tipo histológico (p=0,674 e 0,674, grau de diferenciação (p=0,07 e 0,282, presença de invasão linfovascular (p=0,248 e 0,667, acometimento parametrial (p=0,729 e 0,763 e metástases para os linfonodos pélvicos (p=0,729 e 0,636, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: a expressão tumoral das proteínas p53 e Ki-67 não se associou com achados clínico-patológicos em pacientes com carcinoma invasor do colo uterino estádio IB.PURPOSE: to evaluate the association between p53 and Ki-67 expression in the tumor and clinicopathological features in patients with carcinoma of the cervix. METHODS: samples were taken from the tumor of 36 patients with stage IB (FIGO cervical carcinoma submitted to radical hysterectomy. Tissue samples were taken from the tumor, fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. The specimens were

Pulse-form discrimination in organic scintillation crystals; Discrimination d'apres la forme de l'impulsion dans les cristaux organiques de scintillation; Diskriminatsiya formy impul'sov v organicheskikh stsintillyatsionnykh kristallakh; Discriminacion de la forma de los impulsos en los cristales de compuestos organicos para contadores de centelleo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

De Vries, L J; Udo, F [Instituut voor Kernphysisch Onderzoek, Amsterdam (Netherlands)

1962-04-15

) [Spanish] Los autores presentan un circuito de discriminacion proton-electron basado en las diferencias de forma entre los impulsos de centelleo luminosos producidos por los protones y por los electrones, respectivamente, en los cristales de estilbeno. El circuito es estable y es capaz de distinguir los impulsos de protones de los electrones hasta con energias de protones de solamente 300 keV. El circuito discriminador, compuesto unicamente de elementos lineales, es sensible a errores inducidos por apilonamiento durante 0,1 {mu}s solamente, a partir de la llegada de un impulso. El circuito descrito se aplico en un espectrometro para neutrones de 1 a 30 MeV, basado en el retroceso de protones entre dos cristales de estilbeno. Se alcanzo un poder de resolucion de 10 por ciento, para una energia neutronica de 14 MeV, con un rendimiento de deteccion de 1,3 {center_dot} 10{sup -4}. Se podria usar un monitor neutronico basado tambien en un sistema de discriminacion lineal de la forma de los impulsos para medir una dosis neutronica igual al 10% de la dosis maxima admisible, en presencia de un flujo {gamma} cuatro veces mayor que la dosis maxima admisible. (author) [Russian] Opisyvaetsya kontur diskriminatsii protonov-ehlektronov, osnovannyj na raznitse formy stsintillyatsionnykh svetovykh impul'sov, navedennykh v stil'bene sootvetstvenno protonami i ehlektronami. EHtot kontur ustojchiv i otlichaet impul'sy protonov ot impul'sov ehlektronov dazhe pri padenii ehnergii protonov do 300 kehv. Diskriminiruyushchij kontur, sostoyashchij isklyuchitel'no iz linejnykh ehlementov, chuvstvitelen k obrazuyushchimsya iz-za nakopleniya oshibkam tol'ko v techenie 0,1 mikro-sekundy posle postupleniya impul'sa. Opisyvaemyj kontur byl ispol'zovan v spektrometre dlya nejtronov s ehnergiyami 1-30 mehv, osnovannom na otdache protonov mezhdu dvumya kristallami stil'bena. Pri ehnergii nejtronov v 14 mehv bylo polucheno ikh razreshenie s tochnost'yu do 10%, pri ehffektivnosti detektirovaniya v 1,3 x 10

Preparation of C{sup 14}-labelled tetrazolium salts and tracer study of the tetrazene-formazan rearrangement; Preparation de sels de tetrazolium marques au carbone-14 et etude de la transposition tetrazene-formazan, au moyen d'indicateurs radioactifs; Izgotovlenie mechennykh C{sup 14} solej tetrazosoedinenij i issledovanie pri pomoshchi indikatorov peregruppirovok tetrazona-formazana; Preparacion de sales de tetrazolio marcadas con {sup 14}C y estudio de la transposicion tetraceno-formazan con ayuda de trazadores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marton, Joseph; Meisel, Julia [Central Research Institute for Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest (Hungary); Gosztonyi, Thomas [Institute of Organic Chemical Technology, Technical University, Budapest (Hungary)

1962-03-15

etre isole dans des conditions appropriees. On a etudie cette transformation en utilisant du benzaldehyde-phenylhydrazone marque au carbone-14, et l'on a pu verifier ainsi qu'il s'agit d'une reaction intramoleculaire. (author) [Spanish] Partiendo del benzaldehido-(1-{sup 14}C), el autor ha sintetizado el TTC-(5-{sup 14}C), el NT-(5, 5'-di-{sup 14}C) (neotetrazolio) y el BT- (5, 5'-di-{sup 14}C) (azul de tetrazolio). Las sales de mono- o ditetrazolio se obtienen con buen rendimiento y se logran productos de elevada actividad especifica. El autor determino la pureza de las muestras por cromatografia sobre papel. En las sales de ditetrazolio encontro algunas impurezas, que consiguio determinar cuantitativamente; asimismo establecio algunas caracteristicas de sus estructuras. Por otra parte, elaboro un metodo para obtener sales de ditetrazolio marcadas con {sup 14}C de elevada pureza. En la sintesis del formazan, el precursor de la sal de tetrazolio, se obtiene un producto intermedio inestable cuya estructura es similar a la del tetraceno. Este compuesto sufre una rapida transposicion en medio alcalino para dar lugar al formazan. Es posible aislar el producto intermedio si se trabaja en condiciones adecuadas. El autor estudia la transposicion utilizando la fenilhidrazona del benzaldehido marcado con {sup 14}C, y ha podido comprobar que se trata de una reaccion intramolecular. (author) [Russian] Iskhodya iz benzal'degida - [1-C{sup 14}] udalos' izgotovit' [5-C{sup 14}]-TTC, [5,5'di-C{sup 14}]-NT (neoterazolij) [5,5'di-C{sup 14}]-BT (sinij tetrazolij). Vykhody kak dlya monotetrazoliya, tak i dlya ditetrazoliya dostatochno znachitel'ny i produkty mogut byt' polucheny s bol'shoj udel'noj aktivnost'yu. Stepen' chistoty obraztsov byla issledovana pri pomoshchi khromatograficheskoj bumagi. V solyakh ditetrazoliya bylo obnaruzheno nekotoroe kolichestvo primesej, chto pozvolilo vyvesti zaklyucheniya otnositel'no ikh struktury i kolichestva. Byl vyrabotan metod mechennykh C{sup 14

Nitrided steel 38CrN3MAFA for supporting elements in nuclear power plants; Vysokoazotistaya stal` tipa 38HN3MAFA dlya krepezhnikh detajlej reaktorov AEhS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rasheva, I; Argirov, Kh; Stojchev, T [Bylgarska Akademiya na Naukite, Sofia (Bulgaria). Inst. po Metaloznanie i Tekhnologiya na Metalite

1996-12-31

Nitride doping of steel at different concentrations is achieved by counter-pressure casting in nitrogen ambience. A new type of steel is developed containing 0.05-0.2% N{sub 2}. It is compared to a standard 34NiCrMoV145 steel (DIN). The mechanical properties are improved significantly after a two-stage thermal treatment and are as follows: fluidity limit R{sub 0}.2>=1045 MPa, relative elongation A>=15%, relative shortening Z>=62%, impact viscosity KCU >= 1 MJ/m{sup 2}. The quench hardening consists of heating to 800-850{sup o} C in oil and cooling to 600{sup o} C in air. The steel is suitable for rotors, turbines, compressor shafts and reactor supporting elements in nuclear power plants. 3 refs., 6 figs., 6 tabs.

Computer-integrated environments for electronics problem by means of the analog simulator PSPICE; Komp`yuterno-integrirovannye sredy dlya problemnogo obucheniya po ehlektronike na osnove analogovogo simulyatora PSPICE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mileva, I; Petrov, A; Pavlov, I [Plovdivskij Univ., Plovdiv (Bulgaria)

1996-12-31

For the problem teaching purpose the computer-integrated environments are developed for simulation of electronic circuits. CIE for study of typical analog electronic circuits called STUDENT`s MODULE are described. Simulation of electronic circuits carried out by means of the analog simulator PSPICE. 9 refs.; 3 figs.

An Appraisal of Analytical Methods for Plutonium and their Applications to the Analysis of Nuclear Materials; Evaluation des Methodes Analytiques de Dosage du Plutonium et de Leur Application a l'Analyse des Matieres Nucleaires; Otsenka analiticheskikh metodov opredeleniya plutoniya i ikh primenenie dlya analiza yadernykh materialov; Metodos Analiticos de Determinacion del Plutonio y su Empleo en el Analisis de Materiales Nucleares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Milner, G. W.C.; Phillips, G. [Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Berks. (United Kingdom)

1966-02-15

hromatograficheskogo sposoba obratnoj fazy, prichem osoboe vnimanie obrashhaetsja na ih prigodnost' dlja radioaktivnyh obrazcov. Udeljaetsja vnimanie mnogim problemam, kotorye voznikajut pri uspeshnom primenenii jetih metodov dlja analiza splavov plutonija, keramiki i kermetov v razlichnyh sistemah, soderzhashhih uran, torij, zhelezo, hrom, molibden, cerij i kobal't. Opisyvajutsja trudnosti, voznikajushhie pri rastvorenii obrazcov i pri podgonke plutonija k trebuemomu sostojaniju valentnosti. V doklade na primerah kommentirujutsja sootvetstvujushhie preimushhestva rastvorenija v smesjah obychnyh mineral'nyh kislot s pomoshh'ju plavlenija. Izlagajutsja procedury s odnovremennym opisaniem analiticheskih rezul'tatov dlja tipichnyh obrazcov s cel'ju ispol'zovanija ih dlja analizov splavov Pu-U, Pu-Ce-Co i Pu-U-Mo, okisej i karbidov Pu-U karbidnyh kermetov Pu-U s dobavleniem Fe, M.o i Sg. Jeti materialy polucheny na osnove metallurgicheskih issledovanij i programmnyh razrabotok dlja novogo jadernogo topliva. (author)

High-voltage-powered transistorized preamplifier; Pre-amplificateur transistorise avec alimentation haute tension; Vysokovol'tnyj ehnergeticheskij predvaritel'nyj usilitel' na tranzistorakh; Preamplificador transistorizado alimentado con alta tension

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wilson, Jr, W E; Wakefield, A W [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

1962-04-15

transistorizado unico en su genero utilizado con gran exito en la Universidad de Washington. El circuito en cuestion tiene la particularidad de que el transistor esta alimentado con la alta tension suministrada al detector de radiaciones. Con los dos transistores de union PNP empleados en el preamplificador se obtiene una ganancia de tension unidad en un intervalo dinamico de 1 mV a 5 V. La tension de trabajo del transistor con carga en el emisor se estabiliza mediante un pequeno diodo Zener. El consumo de corriente de detector de centelleo distante que utiliza el circuito esta comprendido entre 0,35 y 0.65 mA cuando la alta tension suministrada varia entre 800 y 1500 V. El dispositivo alimenta 500 pies de cable coaxial de 52 {Omega} con una perdida de un 25% en la amplitud del impulso. Se ha utilizado con excelentes resultados, con detectores de centelleo alejados y detectores neutronicos de BF{sub 3}. (author) [Russian] Odnoj iz problem, chasto vstrechayushchikhsya v oblasti yadernoj ehlektroniki, yavlyaetsya problema svyazi signala, idushchego s impul'nogo detektora izluchenij vysokogo soprotivleniya, s liniej peredachi nizkogo soprotivleniya. Inymi slovami detektory izluchenij i svyazannoe s nimi schetnoe oborudovanie chasto razdelyayutsya znachitel'nym rasstoyaniem, poehtomu sleduet predusmatrivat' nadezhnye sredstva peredachi signala iz detektora v schetnuyu sistemu. Prakticheski dlya linii peredachi ispol'zuetsya koaksial'nyj kabel' s nizkim soprotivleniem, a dlya polucheniya trebuemoj soglasovannosti impedansov ispol'zuetsya skhema s katodnym vykhodom ili skhema s ehmitternym vykhodom. V dannom doklade daetsya opisanie unikal'noj skhemy s ehmitternym vykhodom, kotoraya uspeshno primenyalas' v Vashingtonskom universitete. Skhema ehmitternogo vykhoda yavlyaetsya unikal'noj v tom smysle, chto istochnikom ehnergii tranzistornoj skhemy sluzhit vysokoe napryazhenie, podavaemoe detektoru izlucheniya. Primenenie v predvaritel'nom usilitele dvukh splavlennykh tranzistorov s

Tritium in underground-water studies; Emploi du tritium dans les etudes sur les eaux souterraines; Tritij v isledovaniyakh podzemnykh vod; Empleo del tritio en el estudio de las aguas subterraneas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alekseev, F A; Gol' bek, G R; Sojfer, V N; Vasil' eva, N A; Majdebor, V N; Sokolovskij, Eh V; Shan' gin, N N

1962-01-15

osnov- nogo kontura zakachivaemoj vody po otnositel'no odnorodnoj chasti plasta so skorost'yu 2 m/sutki. Poslednee sootvetstvuet teoreticheski vychislennym znacheniyam skorostej dvizheniya (1,9/2,2 m/sutki), v predpolozhenii odnorodnosti plasta. Vozmozhna kolichestvennaya otsenka raskhoda zhidkosti pri dvizheniyakh pervogo i vtorogo tipa. Razrabotan metod kontrolya soobshchaemosti mezhdu otdel'nymi proplastkami produktivnoj tolshchi neftyanogo plasta s pomoshch'yu tritievoj vody. Predlagaetsya novyj metod kontrolya razrabotki neftyanykh mestorozhdenij s zakonturnym i vnutrikonturnym zavodneniem s pomoshch'yu prirodnogo tritiya, soderzhashchegosya v zakachivaemykh v plast poverkhnostnykh vodakh. Metod pozvolyaet izuchat' medlennoe dvizhenie kontura v techenie prodolzhitel'nogo vremeni (poryadka 10 let) na krupnykh neftyanykh mestorozhdeniyakh s redkoj setkoj skvazhin. Po dole raspavshegosya tritiya v plastovoj vode ehkspluatatsionnykh skvazhin mogut byt' opredeleny vremena i skorosti dvizheniya vodnogo kontura s tochnost'yu {+-} 1 god. Trebuetsya minimal'nyj ob{sup e}m analiticheskoj raboty (ne bolee 300/500 analizov v god na grupnom mestorozhdenii) dlya kontrolya za dvizheniem kontura. Razrabotana vysokochuvstvitel'naya apparatura dlya izmereniya tritiya v poverkhnostnykh vodakh s ispol'zovaniem standartnykh schetchikov vnutrennego zapolneniya, dostupnaya dlya bol'shinstva promyslovykh organizatsij. (author)

Release of Fission Products from UC-ZrC Fuel Inserts; Degagement des produits de fission liberes dans des noyaux combustibles UC-ZrC; Vydelenie produktov deleniya iz topliv UC - ZrC; Liberacion de productos de fision por pastillas de combustible de UC-ZrC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barth, F.; Von der Decken, C. B.; Schifferstein, K. [Brown Boveri/Krupp Reaktorbau G.M.B.H., Duesseldorf (Germany); Clauss, A.; Reichel, H.; Rygaert, J.; Ruston, W. R. [Societe d' Etudes de Recherches et d' Applications pour l' Industrie (S.E.R.A.I.), Brussels (Belgium)

1963-11-15

hallaron grandes diferencias en las energias de activacion determinadas en distintos tipos de pastillas, aunque algunas veces los valores D/r{sub 0}{sup 2} paragraph diferian en cuatro ordenes de magnitud para una misma temperatura de la muestra. Despues de la irradiacion, se determinaron las actividades de los isotopos {sup 131}I, {sup 85}Sr, {sup 140}Ba y {sup 141}Ce en el grafito de las capsulas. Exceptuando el {sup 131}I, las actividades resultaron superiores a las previstas para un desprendimiento debido solamente a retroceso. Los valores correspondientes al {sup 89}Sr, {sup 140}Ba y {sup 141}Ce son damasiado altos para que puedan atribuirse a una difusion de loe respectivos gases nobles precursores. Se supone que los isotopos medidos, o sus precursores distintos de los gases nobles se desprendieron por difusion. (author) [Russian] Provedeno issledovanie vo vremya oblucheniya v petle vydeleniya produktov deleniya ieh tabletok, imeyushchikh priblizitel'nyj sostav UC + 20 ZrC. Tsel' - proverka vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniya podobnykh tabletok v kachestve topliva v sfericheskikh teplovydelyayushchikh ehlementakh vysokotemperaturnogo reaktora, postroennogo v Yulikhe ''Obshchestvom stroitel'stva reaktorov Braun Boveri/Krupp''. Ispytaniyu podvergalis' svobodnye tabletki i tabletki, vstavlennye v grafitovye kapsuly. Nekotorye iz tabletok imeli pogranichnuyu zonu ieh chistogo karbida tsirkoniya, tolshchinoj 1 - 2 mm. Obraztsy pomeshchalis' v pechi ehlektricheskogo soprotivleniya, dayushchie maksimal'nuyu temperaturu 1600{sup o}C. Nejtronnyj potok vo vremya oblucheniya sostavlyal 3 - 4 x 10{sup 10} n/cm{sup 2} -sek. Petlya pozvolyala izmerit' vydelenie izotopov inertnykh gazov Kr{sup 85m}, Kr{sup 87}, Kr{sup 88},Xe{sup 133} i Xe{sup 135} vo vremya oblucheniya, i kosvennoe opredelenie I{sup 133} i I{sup 135} posle vyklyucheniya reaktora. Minimum vydeleniya I{sup 131}, Sr{sup 88}, Ba{sup 141} i Ce{sup 141} byl opredelen radiokhimicheskim metodom posle izvlecheniya obraztsa iz

Role of computed tomography (CT scan in staging of cervical carcinoma

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T V Prasad

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Background & objectives: Staging of cervical carcinoma is done clinically using International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO guidelines. It is based on physical examination findings and also includes results of biopsy, endoscopy and conventional radiological tests like chest radiograph, intravenous urography and barium enema. These conventional radiological investigations have largely been replaced by computed tomography (CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI at present. FIGO staging system does not consider CT and MRI mandatory; however, use of these modalities are encouraged. This prospective study was conducted to determine the role of CT in staging work up in women diagnosed with cervical carcinoma. Methods: Fifty three women diagnosed with cervical carcinoma were evaluated with contrast enhanced CT scan of abdomen and pelvis. CT scan images were especially evaluated to determine tumour size, invasion of parmetrium, pelvic walls, rectum, urinary bladder and ureters, pelvic or retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and distant metastases. CT findings were associated with clinical findings and staging, including findings from cystoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. Results: There was a poor agreement between clinical and CT staging of cervical carcinoma. Primary tumour was demonstrated on CT in 36 (70% of 53 patients. CT underestimated the parametrial, vaginal and pelvic wall invasion when compared with physical examination. CT overestimated the urinary bladder and rectal invasion when compared with cysto-sigmoidoscopy, however, CT had 100 per cent negative predictive value (NPV to exclude bladder and rectal involvement. CT detection of lymph node enlargement and lung metastases influenced the management. Interpretation & conclusions: Our findings show that CT scan does not reliably correlate with clinical FIGO staging of cervical cancer. However, it can detect urinary obstruction as well as nodal or distant metastases and thus improves the

Cispaltino in radiotherapy and treatment of cancer advanced cervical and high risk; Radioterapia y cisplatino en el tratamiento del cancer de cuello de uterino avanzado y de alto riesgo

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Santini, A.; Mara, C.; Terradas, M.; Ferreira, V.; Torres, M. [Servicio de Radioterapia Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Montevideo (Uruguay); Servicio de Radioterapia Instituto Nacional de Oncología, Montevideo (Uruguay)

2010-12-15

Fulltext: Uterine cervix cancer (CCU) is a frequent disease Uruguay, killing more than 100 women per year. The standard treatment CCU for patients with locoregionally advanced cataloged as (LRA), stages IIB-IVA and operated and in those patients with high risk factors relapse (AFR) was until 1999 the radiotherapy (RT) exclusive. in February that year the National Cancer Institute USA underwent a medical alert recommending the use of chemotherapy (CT) with concomitant RT (mainly cisplatin) in this group of patients. This alert was due to the publication of 5 randomized work showing an improvement in both the locoregional control and overall survival. In June 2000, both the RT Service ospital and Clinics in INDO, I modified the standard treatment of these patients by adding cisplatin 40mg/m2 weekly for the treatment of external RT. From that date until January 2003, 36 patients were included with CCU LRA or operated with AFR. the risk factors were: tumors larger than 4cm, parametrial invasion, lymph positive, involved margins, suboptimal surgery or deep infiltration stroma. 18 patients had stage IIIB or IV and of which 6 had failure obstructive acute renal (acute obstructive renal failure). Tolerance was acceptable, only one patient not tolerated treatment for severe leucopenia continuing exclusive RT; 68% had leukopenia grade - 2 and there was no increase in toxicity gastrointestinal or urinary. There were no treatment related deaths. When comparing historical results verified an improvement in complete answers to all stages primarily for advanced in the second period with the addition of cisplatin. Stage IB2-IIB: 52% (RT-CT) - 45% RT (historical) ns. Stage IIB: 22% (RT-CT) - 15% RT (historical) sl. In those patients with acute obstructive renal failure in any complete response was not achieved. Due to the short track differences still not tested for the surviving whole or survive disease-free.

Reprogramming energy metabolism and inducing angiogenesis: co-expression of monocarboxylate transporters with VEGF family members in cervical adenocarcinomas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pinheiro, Céline; Garcia, Eduardo A.; Morais-Santos, Filipa; Moreira, Marise A. R.; Almeida, Fábio M.; Jubé, Luiz F.; Queiroz, Geraldo S.; Paula, Élbio C.; Andreoli, Maria A.; Villa, Luisa L.; Longatto-Filho, Adhemar; Baltazar, Fátima

2015-01-01

Deregulation of cellular energetic metabolism was recently pointed out as a hallmark of cancer cells. This deregulation involves a metabolic reprogramming that leads to a high production of lactate. Lactate efflux, besides contributing for the glycolytic flux, also acts in the extracellular matrix, contributing for cancer malignancy, by, among other effects, induction of angiogenesis. However, studies on the interplay between cancer metabolism and angiogenesis are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the metabolic and vascular molecular profiles of cervical adenocarcinomas, their co-expression, and their relation to the clinical and pathological behavior. The immunohistochemical expression of metabolism-related proteins (MCT1, MCT4, CD147, GLUT1 and CAIX) as well as VEGF family members (VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3) was assessed in a series of 232 cervical adenocarcinomas. The co-expression among proteins was assessed and the expression profiles were associated with patients’ clinicopathological parameters. Among the metabolism-related proteins, MCT4 and CAIX were the most frequently expressed in cervical adenocarcinomas while CD147 was the less frequently expressed protein. Overall, VEGF family members showed a strong and extended expression with VEGF-C and VEGFR-2 as the most frequently expressed and VEGFR-1 as the less expressed member. Co-expression of MCT isoforms with VEGF family members was demonstrated. Finally, MCT4 was associated with parametrial invasion and HPV18 infection, CD147 and GLUT1 with distant metastasis, CAIX with tumor size and HPV18 infection, and VEGFR-1 with local and lymphnode metastasis. The results herein presented provide additional evidence for a crosstalk between deregulating cellular energetics and inducing angiogenesis. Also, the metabolic remodeling and angiogenic switch are relevant to cancer progression and aggressiveness in adenocarcinomas

Loss of heterozygosity and copy number alterations in flow-sorted bulky cervical cancer.

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Sabrina A H M van den Tillaart

Full Text Available Treatment choices for cervical cancer are primarily based on clinical FIGO stage and the post-operative evaluation of prognostic parameters including tumor diameter, parametrial and lymph node involvement, vaso-invasion, infiltration depth, and histological type. The aim of this study was to evaluate genomic changes in bulky cervical tumors and their relation to clinical parameters, using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP-analysis. Flow-sorted tumor cells and patient-matched normal cells were extracted from 81 bulky cervical tumors. DNA-index (DI measurement and whole genome SNP-analysis were performed. Data were analyzed to detect copy number alterations (CNA and allelic balance state: balanced, imbalanced or pure LOH, and their relation to clinical parameters. The DI varied from 0.92-2.56. Pure LOH was found in ≥40% of samples on chromosome-arms 3p, 4p, 6p, 6q, and 11q, CN gains in >20% on 1q, 3q, 5p, 8q, and 20q, and losses on 2q, 3p, 4p, 11q, and 13q. Over 40% showed gain on 3q. The only significant differences were found between histological types (squamous, adeno and adenosquamous in the lesser allele intensity ratio (LAIR (p = 0.035 and in the CNA analysis (p = 0.011. More losses were found on chromosome-arm 2q (FDR = 0.004 in squamous tumors and more gains on 7p, 7q, and 9p in adenosquamous tumors (FDR = 0.006, FDR = 0.004, and FDR = 0.029. Whole genome analysis of bulky cervical cancer shows widespread changes in allelic balance and CN. The overall genetic changes and CNA on specific chromosome-arms differed between histological types. No relation was found with the clinical parameters that currently dictate treatment choice.

OTRZYMYWANIE CIENKICH WARSTW ABSORBERA CIGS METODĄ ROZPYLANIA MAGNETRONOWEGO DLA ZASTOSOWAŃ FOTOWOLTAICZNYCH

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Sławomir GUŁKOWSKI

w cienkowarstwowych ogniwach słonecznych. Metoda rozpylania magnetronowego jest efektywną metodą produkcji cienkich warstw CIGS. Proces nanoszenia warstw można podzielić na dwie zasadnicze części: pierwsza to tworzenie prekursora CIG, tj. nanoszenie warstw metalicznych miedzi, galu i indu w odpowiednich proporcjach. Etap drugi to krystalizacja absorbera CIGS w wyniku procesu wygrzewania prekursora w obecności selenu. W artykule skupiono się na opracowaniu odpowiednich proporcji poszczególnych pierwiastków wchodzących w skład prekursora. Przebadano następujące konfiguracje nanoszenia poszczególnych warstw absorbera: CuGa/In oraz CuGa/In/Cu. Poszczególne warstwy naniesione zostały na podłoże molibdenowe, stanowiące tylny kontakt ogniwa budowanego na bazie absorbera CIGS. Warstwa molibdenu została przebadana metodą czteroostrzową w celu znalezienia zależności rezystywności od grubości warstwy. Przeprowadzono analizę składu pierwiastkowego warstwy za pomocą skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego wyposażonego w system EDS. Dla każdej z otrzymanych warstw określono atomowe współczynniki proporcji występowania miedzi oraz galu w składzie warstwy. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników badań dokonano optymalizacji parametrów technologicznych procesu takich jak: moc katody, ciśnienie oraz czas procesu, a także temperatura. Znaleziono zależności grubości warstw w funkcji czasu nanoszenia dla ustalonych warunków ciśnienia i mocy. Grubości poszczególnych warstw określono na podstawie badań profilometrycznych. W oparciu o opracowane parametry wykonane warstwy prekursora poddawane są obróbce termicznej w celu uzyskania absorbera CIGS.

Estimation of tumor volume and its prognostic significance to study the biological behavior of carcinoma of cervix

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Leelavathi Dawson

2016-01-01

Results: The median age of the patients in this group was 47.5 years, with a range of 30–80 years. The major histological type of carcinoma among 40 cases is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC (in 90% of cases, and 10% had adenocarcinoma. Pathological staging of the carcinoma cervix showed stage Ib, IIa, IIb, and IVa (35%, 20%, 40%, and 5%. Tumor volume estimated on pathological specimens of 40 cases ranged from 230 cumm to 49,760 cumm with a mean of 14,844 cumm. 12 (30% cases had tumor volume more than 15,000 cumm, 12 (30% cases had tumor volume <5000 cumm and 16 (40% cases had tumor volume between 5000 and 15,000 cumm. 17% of the tumors with tumor volume <5000 cumm showed lymph node metastases, whereas 67% (out of 12cases of cases with tumor volume more than 15,000 cumm showed lymph node metastases. 67% of the tumors with tumor volume <5000 cumm showed 0/4 organs involvement, whereas all cases with tumor volume more than 15,000 cumm showed more than one organ involvement among vagina, uterus, parametrium or bladder/rectum. Fibronectin positivity was seen in 22 out of 44 cases (55%. Macrophages were seen surrounding the group of tumor cells by LN5 immunostaining. Conclusion: Tumor volume can be considered as an independent prognostic factor to assess the spread of the tumor. Cases with tumor volume <5000 cumm show low risk in terms of parametrial involvement and lymph node metastasis and those with tumor volume more than 15,000 cumm showed more organ spread. Fibronectin positivity carries some importance in low-risk cases. For macrophages, further detailed study needs to be carried out.

Radiotherapy results of uterine cervix cancer stape IIB : overall survival, prognostic facters, patterns of failure and late complications

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Kim, Eun Seog; Choi, Doo Ho [Soonchunhyang Univ. College of Medicine, Asan (Korea, Republic of); Huh, Seung Jae [Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan Univ. College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1998-03-01

Treatment of choice for uterine cervix cancer stage IIB is radiotherapy. We analyzed survivals, prognostic factors, patterns of failure and complications. This is a retrospective analysis of 167 patients with stage IIB carcinoma of uterine cervix treated with curative external pelvic and high dose rate intracavitary radiotherapy at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital from August 1985 to August 1994. All the patients followed up from 3 to 141 months(mean 60 months) and age of patients ranged from 31 to 78 years at presentation(mean : 55 years). Overall complete response rate was 84%. The response rate for squamous cell carcimoma and adenocarcinoma were 86% and 60%, respectively. Overall 5-years survival rate and disease free survival rate was 62 and 59%, respectively. Mass size and treatment response were significant prognostic factors for survival. Pathologic type and parametrial involvement were marginally significants prognostic factors. Local failure was 43 cases, distant metastasis was 14 cases and local failure plus distant metastasis was 3 cases, and most of local failures occurred within 24 months, distant metastasis within 12 months after treatment. Twenty eight(16.8%) patients developed late rectal and urinary complications There were tendency to increasing severity and frequency according to increased fractional dose and total(rectal and bladder) dose. Survival rate was significantly related to tumor size and radiotherapy response. Tumor size should be considered in the clinical staging. To increased survival and local control, clinical trials such as decreasing duration of radiotherapy or addition of chemotherapy is needed. To detect early recurrence, regular follow up after RT is important. Because total rectal and bladder dose affected late complications, meticulous vaginal packing is needed to optimize dose of normal tissues and to decrease late complications.

Dosimetric study of volumetric arc modulation with RapidArc and intensity-modulated radiotherapy in patients with cervical cancer and comparison with 3-dimensional conformal technique for definitive radiotherapy in patients with cervical cancer

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Guy, Jean-Baptiste [Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Priest en Jarez (France); Falk, Alexander T. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice (France); Auberdiac, Pierre [Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinique Claude Bernard, Albi (France); Cartier, Lysian; Vallard, Alexis [Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Priest en Jarez (France); Ollier, Edouard [Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest en Jarez (France); Trone, Jane-Chloé; Khodri, Moustapha [Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Priest en Jarez (France); Chargari, Cyrus [Department of Radiation Oncology, Hôpital d’instruction de Armées du Val-de-Grâce, Paris (France); Magné, Nicolas, E-mail: nicolas.magne@icloire.fr [Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Priest en Jarez (France)

2016-04-01

Introduction: For patients with cervical cancer, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) improves target coverage and allows dose escalation while reducing the radiation dose to organs at risk (OARs). In this study, we compared dosimetric parameters among 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), “step-and-shoot” IMRT, and volumetric intensity-modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) in a series of patients with cervical cancer receiving definitive radiotherapy. Computed tomography (CT) scans of 10 patients with histologically proven cervical cancer treated with definitive radiation therapy (RT) from December 2008 to March 2010 at our department were selected for this study. The gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) were delineated following the guidelines of the Gyn IMRT consortium that included cervix, uterus, parametrial tissues, and the pelvic nodes including presacral. The median age was 57 years (range: 30 to 85 years). All 10 patients had squamous cell carcinoma with Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB-IIIB. All patients were treated by VMAT. OAR doses were significantly reduced for plans with intensity-modulated technique compared with 3D-CRT except for the dose to the vagina. Between the 2 intensity-modulated techniques, significant difference was observed for the mean dose to the small intestine, to the benefit of VMAT (p < 0.001). There was no improvement in terms of OARs sparing for VMAT although there was a tendency for a slightly decreased average dose to the rectum: − 0.65 Gy but not significant (p = 0.07). The intensity modulation techniques have many advantages in terms of quality indexes, and particularly OAR sparing, compared with 3D-CRT. Following the ongoing technologic developments in modern radiotherapy, it is essential to evaluate the intensity-modulated techniques on prospective studies of a larger scale.

Detection system qualification for direct measurement of thyroid internal contamination by radioiodine; Qualificazione di un sistema di rilevazione trasportabile per misure dirette di contaminazione interna di radioiodio

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Tiberi, V.; Battisti, P.; Gualdrini, G. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Ezio Clementel, Bologna (Italy). Dipt. Ambiente

1999-07-01

The work deals with a detection system qualification for direct measurements of thyroid internal contamination by radioiodine. The isotopes {sup 131}I and {sup 125}I are the most frequently used in nuclear medicine. Because of their volatility they are very dangerous for thyroid contamination by inhalation. The system has been projected to be easily and fast used and above all transportable where the control is necessary. These characteristic make it able to realise supervision programs of internal contamination by radioiodine. In fact due the very high control frequencies (each 15 days for {sup 131}I), these programs are usually very expensive and demanding when they are executed in external measurement laboratories. The following steps are described: devices presentation, calculation of energy and efficiency parameters, minimum detectable activity, time system reliability, best operative conditions in the measurements. At the end an application example of the system is reported. [Italian] Il presente lavoro consiste nella qualificazione di un sistema di rivelazione per misure dirette di contaminazione interna da radioiodio in tiroide, progettato per essere maneggevole, di semplice e rapido impiego e trasportabile sul luogo dove e' richiesta la misura. Il sistema e' stato studiato per la realizzazione di programmi di sorveglianza della contaminazione interna da radioiodio che, richiedendo frequenze di controllo elevate (quindicinali per lo {sup 131}I), sono estremamente impegnativi ed onerosi, soprattutto se i controlli vengono effettuati in centri di misura esterni. Dopo la determinazione dei parametri della calibrazione in energia ed efficienza, la minima attivita' rivelabile, l'affidabilita' del sistema nel tempo e le condizioni operative ottimali da adottare in sede di misura, viene verificata la piena affidabilita' del sistema in un programma di sorveglianza della contaminazione interna da radioiodio.

NERVE SPARING« RADICAL HYSTERECTOMY – PREVENTION OF POST-OPERATIVE URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION

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Matija Barbič

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Background. Radical hysterectomy is performed on woman with cervical cancer or endometrial cancer that has spread to the cervix. Aims. To find whether our modified radical hysterectomy represents nerve sparing. Methods. In 28 patients, modified radical hysterectomy was applied (study group and the width of the parametria and vaginal cuff were measured. Using a point-counting technique, nerve areal density was determined in cross sections of resected parametria at 0.5 cm (A, 1 cm (B, and 1.5 cm (C from the cervix. The results were compared with 26 control patients who underwent classic radical hysterectomy. In the study group urodynamic measurements were performed after operation, and correlations with histologic data were calculated. The survival rates and adjuvant treatment were compared between the groups. Results. Adjuvant treatment was given to 53.57 % in the study and 65.38 % of patients in the control group (P > 0.3. The survival rate after 3 years was 92.85 % in the study and 84.61 % in the control group after more than 5 years. The width of the resected parametria was smaller in the study (mean: right 15.50 mm, left 15.71 mm compared with the control group (mean: right 22.69 mm; P < 0.013; left 22.96 mm; P < 0.011. The nerve areal density in the lateral part of the right parametrium (C right 6.2 % was lower in the study than in the control group (C right 9.7 %; P < 0.01. There were several correlations between parametrial width, nerve areal density and urodynamic parameters. Conclusions. Modified radical hysterectomy is less radical, and apparently also nerve sparing. It does not influence survival rates and does not impair the urinary tract function.

Efficiency of Staging Work-Ups in the Evaluation of Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Jae Sung; Ha, Sung Whan

1991-01-01

A series of 510 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix given the curative radiation therapy from March 1979 through December 1986 was evaluated to determine the value of intravenous pyelography(IVP), cystoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and abdomino-pelvic CT as staging work-up prior to treatment. On IVP and cystoscopy, 10.7%(49/456) and 5/3%(24/452) showed abnormality, respectively, but only 0.7% (3/413) did on signoidoscopy. As a result of these work-ups prerequisite to FIGO staging, twenty six (5.1%) out of 510 patients were upstaged from the stage determined by the findings of physical examination alone. The proportions of upstaging in each stage were as follows none in stage IB(35), IIA (89) and IIIA(8), 7.9%(20/252) in stage IIB(14 patients to FIGO Stage IIIB, 6 patients to FIGO stage IVA), and 4.8% (6/126) in stage IIIB (all to FIGO stage IVA). Positive findings of staging work-ups were found only in patients with advanced stages of stage IIB or over determined by physical examination alone but not in those with earlier stages. CT was performed in 337 patients. CT detected pelvic lymph node (LN) enlargement in 25.2% (85/337) and paraaortic LN enlargement in 7.4% (25/337). Pelvic LN positivity was well correlated with increasing stage but paraaortic LN positivity was not. In the evaluation of parametrial involvement, CT findings were in accordance with those of physical examination only in 65.6%(442/674). When compared with endoscopic studies, CT had much lower positive predictive value than negative predictive value in the evaluation of adjacent organ invasion. The staging work-ups should be individualized by the disease extent of each patient, and then the efficiency of work-ups may be increased without compromising the appropriate FIGO staging and treatment

Abnormal subcellular distribution of GLUT4 protein in obese and insulin-treated diabetic female dogs

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A.M. Vargas

2004-07-01

Full Text Available The GLUT4 transporter plays a key role in insulin-induced glucose uptake, which is impaired in insulin resistance. The objective of the present study was to investigate the tissue content and the subcellular distribution of GLUT4 protein in 4- to 12-year-old control, obese and insulin-treated diabetic mongrel female dogs (4 animals per group. The parametrial white adipose tissue was sampled and processed to obtain both plasma membrane and microsome subcellular fractions for GLUT4 analysis by Western blotting. There was no significant difference in glycemia and insulinemia between control and obese animals. Diabetic dogs showed hyperglycemia (369.9 ± 89.9 mg/dl. Compared to control, the plasma membrane GLUT4, reported per g tissue, was reduced by 55% (P < 0.01 in obese dogs, and increased by 30% (P < 0.05 in diabetic dogs, and the microsomal GLUT4 was increased by ~45% (P < 0.001 in both obese and diabetic animals. Considering the sum of GLUT4 measured in plasma membrane and microsome as total cellular GLUT4, percent GLUT4 present in plasma membrane was reduced by ~65% (P < 0.001 in obese compared to control and diabetic animals. Since insulin stimulates GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane, percent GLUT4 in plasma membrane was divided by the insulinemia at the time of tissue removal and was found to be reduced by 75% (P < 0.01 in obese compared to control dogs. We conclude that the insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 to the cell surface is reduced in obese female dogs. This probably contributes to insulin resistance, which plays an important role in glucose homeostasis in dogs.

Accelerated Hyperfractionated Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Uterine Cervix Cancers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seo, Young Seok; Cho, Chul Koo; Yoo, Seong Yul

2008-01-01

To assess the efficacy of the use of accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy (AHRT) for locally advanced uterine cervix cancers. Between May 2000 and September 2002, 179 patients were identified with FIGO stage IIB, IIIB, and IVA cancers. Of the 179 patients, 45 patients were treated with AHRT (AHRT group) and 134 patients were treated with conventional radiotherapy (CRT group), respectively. Patients undergoing the AHRT regimen received a dose of 30 Gy in 20 fractions (1.5 Gyx2 fractions/day) to the whole pelvis. Subsequently, with a midline block, we administered a parametrial boost with a dose of 20 Gy using 2 Gy fractions. Patients also received two courses of low-dose-rate brachytherapy, up to a total dose of 85∼90 Gy to point A. In the CRT group of patients, the total dose to point A was 85∼90 Gy. The overall treatment duration was a median of 37 and 66 days for patients that received AHRT and CRT, respectively. Statistical analysis was calculated by use of the Kaplan-Meier method, the log-rank test, and Chi-squared test. For patients that received cisplatin-based concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the local control rate at 5 years was 100% and 79.2% for the AHRT and CRT group of patients, respectively (p=0.028). The 5-year survival rate for patients with a stage IIB bulky tumor was 82.6% and 62.1% for the AHRT group and CRT group, respectively (p=0.040). There was no statistically significant difference for severe late toxicity between the two groups (p=0.561). In this study, we observed that treatment with AHRT with concurrent chemotherapy allows a significant advantage of local control and survival for locally advanced uterine cervix cancers

Cispaltino in radiotherapy and treatment of cancer advanced cervical and high risk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santini, A.; Mara, C.; Terradas, M.; Ferreira, V.; Torres, M.

2010-01-01

Fulltext: Uterine cervix cancer (CCU) is a frequent disease Uruguay, killing more than 100 women per year. The standard treatment CCU for patients with locoregionally advanced cataloged as (LRA), stages IIB-IVA and operated and in those patients with high risk factors relapse (AFR) was until 1999 the radiotherapy (RT) exclusive. in February that year the National Cancer Institute USA underwent a medical alert recommending the use of chemotherapy (CT) with concomitant RT (mainly cisplatin) in this group of patients. This alert was due to the publication of 5 randomized work showing an improvement in both the locoregional control and overall survival. In June 2000, both the RT Service ospital and Clinics in INDO, I modified the standard treatment of these patients by adding cisplatin 40mg/m2 weekly for the treatment of external RT. From that date until January 2003, 36 patients were included with CCU LRA or operated with AFR. the risk factors were: tumors larger than 4cm, parametrial invasion, lymph positive, involved margins, suboptimal surgery or deep infiltration stroma. 18 patients had stage IIIB or IV and of which 6 had failure obstructive acute renal (acute obstructive renal failure). Tolerance was acceptable, only one patient not tolerated treatment for severe leucopenia continuing exclusive RT; 68% had leukopenia grade - 2 and there was no increase in toxicity gastrointestinal or urinary. There were no treatment related deaths. When comparing historical results verified an improvement in complete answers to all stages primarily for advanced in the second period with the addition of cisplatin. Stage IB2-IIB: 52% (RT-CT) - 45% RT (historical) ns. Stage IIB: 22% (RT-CT) - 15% RT (historical) sl. In those patients with acute obstructive renal failure in any complete response was not achieved. Due to the short track differences still not tested for the surviving whole or survive disease-free

Habitat quality assessment for the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra on the river Jajrood, Iran

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Roohallah Mirzaei

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract There is little information about the status and ecology of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra in Iran. We assessed the habitat suitability for otters of the River Jajrood, Tehran province, measuring, or visually estimating, 12 environmental parameters along 16 600 m long river stretches (sampling sites. The downstream stretches of the river were found to be more suitable for otters with respect to the upper part of its course. Although the assessments of habitat suitability for the otter may be affected by several limits, the current distribution of the species on the river agrees with the results of this study. The preservation of the otter in Tehran province should involve the restoration of the ecosystem of the River Jajrood in order to improve the length of suitable river stretches.
Riassunto Stima dell’idoneità ambientale per la lontra (Lutra lutra del fiume Jajrood, Iran. Le informazioni relative alla lontra (Lutra lutra in Iran sono scarse. L’idoneità ambientale per la specie del fiume Jajrood, provincia di Tehran, è stata valutata, misurando o stimando 12 parametri ambientali lungo 16 stazioni di campionamento, coincidenti con tratti di fiume della lunghezza di 600 m. I tratti più a valle sono risultati più idonei rispetto al corso superiore del fiume. Malgrado i numerosi limiti del metodo di stima dell’idoneità ambientale adottato, i risultati sono in accordo con l’attuale distribuzione della lontra lungo il fiume Jajrood. La conservazione della lontra nella provincia di Tehran dovrebbe prevedere miglioramenti ambientali volti a incrementare lo sviluppo lineare degli habitat idonei lungo il fiume Jajrood.

doi:10.4404/hystrix-20.2-4447

Effetti dei blocchi totali del traffico motorizzato sulla concentrazione dei principali inquinamenti atmosferici

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. Signorelli

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

Obiettivi: il contenimento degli inquinamenti atmosferici attraverso blocchi parziali e totali dei veicoli circolanti nelle aree critiche è un tema molto dibattuto negli ultimi anni, soprattutto in relazione all’efficacia a breve e medio termine di questi provvedimenti sulla concentrazione degli inquinanti nell’aria. Sulla base dei dati diffusi dall’ARPA della Regione Lombardia sono stati analizzati gli effetti di due blocchi totali del traffico motorizzato, avvenuti in due domeniche dell’inverno 2001-2002, sulle concentrazioni di due inquinanti specifici per il traffico veicolare, il PM10 e il benzene.

Metodologia: l’analisi è stata condotta in Lombardia considerando i dati ambientali delle tre zone critiche dove sono stati registrati i valori più elevati di inquinanti atmosferici e dove sono stati attuati i blocchi del traffico come misura d’emergenza (Milano, Como e Sempione. Tramite l’elaborazione di alcuni parametri metereologici, di grafici e di dati relativi l’andamento delle medie giornaliere e orarie degli inquinanti considerati è stata, quindi valutata l’efficacia dei blocchi stradali ai fini della diminuzione dell’inquinamento atmosferico.

Risultati: i risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato che le concentrazioni di inquinanti subiscono complessivamente un calo nelle ore di blocco del traffico, ma risalgono rapidamente a partire dalle ore successive la conclusione dei blocchi e non subiscono variazioni significative nei giorni successivi. I fattori metereologici (vento e pioggia intensa rivestono grande importanza nel condizionare la concentrazioni di PM10 e benzene.

Conclusioni: i risultati confermano che i provvedimenti d’emergenza di limitazione del traffico non rappresentano una soluzione definitiva per ridurre complessivamente l’inquinamento atmosferico nelle aree urbane. Risulta, quindi, necessario effettuare

Impact of Blood Transfusions on Survival of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Radical Surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

Bogani, Giorgio; Ditto, Antonino; Martinelli, Fabio; Signorelli, Mauro; Chiappa, Valentina; Lopez, Carlos; Indini, Alice; Leone Roberti Maggiore, Umberto; Sabatucci, Ilaria; Lorusso, Domenica; Raspagliesi, Francesco

2017-03-01

Transfusions represent one of the main progresses of modern medicine. However, accumulating evidence supports that transfusions correlate with worse survival outcomes in patients affected by solid cancers. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of perioperative blood transfusion in locally advanced cervical cancer. Data of consecutive patients affected by locally advanced cervical cancer scheduled to undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus radical surgery were retrospectively searched to test the impact of perioperative transfusions on survival outcomes. Five-year survival outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox models. The study included 275 patients. Overall, 170 (62%) patients had blood transfusion. Via univariate analysis, we observed that transfusion correlated with an increased risk of developing recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-4.40; P = 0.02). Other factors associated with 5-year disease-free survival were noncomplete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 2.99; 95% CI, 0.92-9.63; P = 0.06) and pathological (P = 0.03) response at neoadjuvant chemotherapy as well as parametrial (P = 0.004), vaginal (P < 0.001), and lymph node (P = 0.002) involvements. However, via multivariate analysis, only vaginal (HR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.20-7.85; P = 0.01) and lymph node involvements (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.00-6.06; P = 0.05) correlate with worse disease-free survival. No association with worse outcomes was observed for patients undergoing blood transfusion (HR, 2.71; 95% CI, 0.91-8.03; P = 0.07). Looking at factors influencing overall survival, we observed that lymph node status (P = 0.01) and vaginal involvement (P = 0.06) were independently associated with survival. The role of blood transfusions in increasing the risk of developing recurrence in LAAC patients treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus radical surgery remains unclear; further prospective studies are warranted.

External cobalt 60 irradiation alone for stage IIB carcinoma of the uterine cervix

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lei, Z.Z.; He, F.Z.

1989-01-01

From 1964 to 1980, 97 patients with Stage IIb carcinoma of cervix uteri were treated by external 60Co irradiation alone. Of these 97 patients, 94 (96.9%) had squamous cell carcinoma. The parametrial extension of the lesion almost reached the pelvic wall in 73.2% and vaginal extension reached to the upper half of vaginal in 24.7% of the patients. A tumor dose of 60 Gy was given to the whole pelvis by a four field technic (opposing parallel AP and lateral portals) in 6-8 weeks. A booster dose of 10 Gy was delivered to the cervix by a pair of reduced opposing parallel AP portals or a perineal portal in a week. The doses delivered were equivalent to the Time-Dose-Fractionation (TDF) value of 110-130 at the center of pelvis and 90-110 in the whole pelvis. The 5-year survival rate for all 97 patients was 56.7%. It was 59.8% when those who died of other diseases were excluded. The prognosis of patients without residual tumor on the cervix and/or vagina was better than that with residual tumor (p less than 0.01). Thirty-seven patients died of cancer (23 died of recurrence, 8 of distant metastases, 2 of both, and 4 were lost before the fifth year). Of these 37 patients, 97.3% died within 3 years after initial treatment. During the radiation treatment, reactions were moderate. Late complications included 19 (19.6%) with mild cystitis and 16 (16.5%) with mild proctitis, 2 (2.7%) developed recto-vaginal fistula. These results were slightly poorer than those using intracavitary and external irradiation or the combination of preoperative irradiation plus surgery. Yet, for patients with extensions nearing the pelvic wall or with contra-indications to surgery or intracavitary radiotherapy, external irradiation alone is still of value

The ZEB1 transcription factor is a novel repressor of adiposity in female mice.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jessica N Saykally

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Four genome-wide association studies mapped an "obesity" gene to human chromosome 10p11-12. As the zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1 transcription factor is encoded by the TCF8 gene located in that region, and as it influences the differentiation of various mesodermal lineages, we hypothesized that ZEB1 might also modulate adiposity. The goal of these studies was to test that hypothesis in mice. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To ascertain whether fat accumulation affects ZEB1 expression, female C57BL/6 mice were fed a regular chow diet (RCD ad libitum or a 25% calorie-restricted diet from 2.5 to 18.3 months of age. ZEB1 mRNA levels in parametrial fat were six to ten times higher in the obese mice. To determine directly whether ZEB1 affects adiposity, wild type (WT mice and mice heterozygous for TCF8 (TCF8+/- were fed an RCD or a high-fat diet (HFD (60% calories from fat. By two months of age on an HFD and three months on an RCD, TCF8+/- mice were heavier than WT controls, which was attributed by Echo MRI to increased fat mass (at three months on an HFD: 0.517+/-0.081 total fat/lean mass versus 0.313+/-0.036; at three months on an RCD: 0.175+/-0.013 versus 0.124+/-0.012. No differences were observed in food uptake or physical activity, suggesting that the genotypes differ in some aspect of their metabolic activity. ZEB1 expression also increases during adipogenesis in cell culture. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These results show for the first time that the ZEB1 transcription factor regulates the accumulation of adipose tissue. Furthermore, they corroborate the genome-wide association studies that mapped an "obesity" gene at chromosome 10p11-12.

Possible Utilization of Nitronitrosylruthenium Complexes as Tracers in Hydrology; Note sur l'utilisation eventuelle des complexes de nitronitrosylruthenium comme traceurs en hydrologie; O vozmozhnom ispol'zovanii kompleksa nitronitrozilruteniya v kachestve indikatorov v gidrologii; Nota sobre el posible empleo de los complejos de nitronitrosilrutenio como indicadores en hidrologia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gailledreau, C. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique (France)

1963-08-15

Ru{sup 106} might be a useful tracer in hydrology. Its half-life of about one year is in a range in which there are few radioisotopes which can be used as tracers. There are a great variety of complexes of Ru{sup 106}, the nitro-complexes of nitrosylruthenium being amongst the most stable. Percolation tests have been made with nitronitrosylruthenium diluted in water from the mains, on columns of aquilerous sand and a very argillaceous soil. (author) [French] Le {sup 106}Ru pourrait etre un traceur interessant en hydrologie. Sa vie moyenne, environ un an, se situe dans une gamme ou il existe peu d'autres radioisotopes susceptibles d'etre utilises comme traceurs. Il existe une grande variete de complexes du les complexes nitro de nitrosylruthenium etant parmi les plus stables. Des essais de percolation ont ete effectues avec du nitronitrosylruthenium dilue dans de l'eau de ville, sur des colonnes de sable aquifere et d'un sol tres argileux. (author) [Spanish] El ''1''0''6Ru podria emplearse en calidad de indicador en hidrologia. Tiene un periodo del orden de un ano que le situa en una gama en la que existen muy pocos radioisotopos utilisable: como indicadores. El {sup 106}Ru puede formar una gran variedad de complejos, siendo los mas estables los nitrocomplejos de nitrosilrutenio. El autor ha realizado ensayos de percolacion con nitronitrosilrutenio diluido en agua de grifo, en columnas de arena acuifera y de suelo muy arcilloso. (author) [Russian] Ru{sup 106} mozhet byt' ispol'zovan v kachestve indikatora, predstavlyayushchego opredelennyj interes dlya gidrologii. Ego period poluraspada (priblizitel'n o 1'god) raspolagaetsj v gamme, gde sushchestvuet malo drugikh radioizotopov, kotorye mogut byt' ispol'zovany v kachestve indikatorov. Sushchestvuet bol'shoe mnogoobrazie kompleksov Ru{sup 106}, prichem kompleksy nitronitrozilruteniya otnosyatsya k naibolee stabil'nym. Provodilis ' opyty po perkolyatsii s nitronitrozilruteniem, rastvorennym v vodoprovodnoj vode, na

Construction and operating characteristics of flexible Geiger counters; Caracteristiques de construction et d'utilisation de compteurs Geiger flexibles; Konstruktsionnaya i operativnaya kharakteristiki gibkikh schetchikov Gejgera; Construccion y caracteristicas de funcionamiento de contadores Geiger flexibles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Richter, H G; Ballard, L F [Research Triangle Institute, Durham, NC (United States)

1962-04-15

espiral en las ranuras del contador constituye un catodo externo satisfactorio que funciona en la forma observada por Maze. Un contador de 3 cm de diametro y 1 m de largo, por ejemplo, sea extendido o enrollado, presenta un que comienza a los 1400 V y se extiende a mas de 1750 V con una pendiente del 2,9%. Se ha contado a mas de 300000 impulsos por minuto, con escasa perdida por coincidencia : como el contador consiste practicamente en una serie de contadores Geiger cortos y la descarga no se extiende mas alla de los discos espaciadores de poliestireno, los segmentos de contador adyacentes trabajan independientemente. Las amplitudes de los impulsos superan a los 50 mV. (author) [Russian] Byl razrabotan metod izgotovleniya gibkikh schetchikov Gejgera razlichnoj dliny i diametra. Schetchiki yavlyayutsya sovershenno gibkimi; schetchik diametrom 3 cm mozhno sognut' v krug radiusom 5 cm. Pri ispol'zovanii Q-gaza (98,3% geliya i 1,7% n-butana) v kachestve schetnoj sredy, plato imeyut neskol'ko sot vol't napryazheniya s 3-protsentnym skatom i ne zavisyat ot konfiguratsii schetchika. Schetchiki izgotovleny iz plastmassovoj polivinil-khloridnoj trubki (PVC-744-Al'fa Uajr Korp.). Korotkie segmenty plastmassovoj trubki (dlina sostavlyaet primerno 3 diametra trubki) prokhodyat cherez grubo narezannyj alyuminievyj serdechnik. Provod plotno obertyvaetsya v narezkakh i vse vmeste pomeshchaetsya na 20 minut v pech' s temperaturoj 110{sup o}C. Posle okhlazhdeniya riflenyj plastmassovyj segment snimaetsya s narezki. Ehto riflenie predokhranyaet trubku ot razrusheniya pri namatyvanii. Polistirolovyj disk, perforirovannyj otnositel'no bol'shimi otverstiyami okolo okruzhnosti dlya perekhoda gaza i imeyushchij otverstie 0,6 mm v tsentre dlya anoda, krepitsya na odnom kontse kazhdogo segmenta. Natyagivaya podgotovlennye takim obrazom segmenty na vol'framovyj anod v 3 mm i propuskaya odin konets kazhdogo segmenta poverkh sosednego segmenta s odnovremennym krepleniem, mozhno sozdat

The Technical Training Programme for Nuclear Power Station Personnel; Programme de formation technique du personnel des centrales nucleaires; Programma tekhnicheskoj podgotovki personala yadernoj ehlektrostantsii; El programa de formacion tecnica del personal de una central nucleoelectrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Howey, G. R. [Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario (Canada)

1963-10-15

ehnerdzhi of Kanada limited'', ehkspluatiruetsya i obsluzhivaetsya personalom Gidroehnergeticheskoj komissii Ontario, ona yavlyaetsya mestnym kommunal'nym predpriyatiem. Trudnost' v nabore i obuchenii personala stantsii zaklyuchalas' v tom, chto do nedavnego vremeni osnovnye potrebnosti v ehlektrichestve Ontario obespechivalis' gidroehlektrostantsiyami. Vozrosshee ispol'zovanie teplovoj ehnergii s nachala 1950 goda privelo k ostroj nekhvatke personala, obladayushchego opytom ehkspluatatsii teplovykh ehlektrostantsij. CHtoby vyjti, iz ehtogo polozheniya, byli predprinyaty sleduyushchie shagi dlya obespecheniya obsluzhivaniya atomnykh ehlektrostantsij opytnym personalom: (1) Pervonachal'no byla otobrana gruppa professional'nykh inzhenerov iz chisla lits, obladayushchikh znachitel'nym opytom v oblasti ehkspluatatsii yadernykh ustanovok, teplovykh ehlektrostantsij i v oblasti ehlektrotekhniki voobshche; (2) Byla otobrana eshche odna gruppa operatorov i ehkspluatatsionnikov, obladayushchikh bol'shim opytom raboty; (3) Dlya otobrannykh grupp byla sostavlena strogo ustanovlennaya uchebnaya programma podgotovki, zatragivayushchaya ehkspluatatsiya kak atomnykh stantsij, tak i stantsij, rabotayushchikh na ugle. Podgotovkoj rukovodili proektirovshchiki NPD. Zanyatiya prokhodili v auditoriyakh i po mestu raboty. (4) YAdernyj uchebnyj tsentr byl sozdan dlya togo, chtoby podobrat' i obuchit' dopolnitel'nyj personal, ustroit' ofitsial'nye ehkzameny i v posleduyushchem otvechat' za uroven' podgotovki personala. Personal sdaval ehkzameny, provodimye Byuro po upravleniyu atomnoj ehnergiej, kotoroe yavlyaetsya samostoyatel'nym federal'nym agentstvom, reguliruyushchim soblyudenie ustavnykh polozhenii. Podgotavlivayutsya pyat' obshchikh kategorij personala: (1) dozimetristy - inzhenery, otvetstvennye za ehkspluatatsiyu, ukhod i za administrativno-dozimetricheskij kontrol', smenyayushchiesya periodicheski s tsel'yu povysheniya ikh mnogostoronnej kvalifikatsii; (2) operatory - chetyre urovnya

Radio Column Chromatographic Assay of H{sup 3}-Labelled Substances; Analyse par radiochromatographie en colonne, de substances marquees par le tritium; Radiokhromatograficheskoe ispytanie mechennykh tritiem veshchestv na kolonke; Analisis por radiocromatografia en columna de sustancias marcadas con {sup 3}H

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scharpenseel, H W; Menke, K H [Institute of Soil Science and Institute of Animal Husbandry, Bonn University, Bonn (Germany)

1962-01-15

laminar y una proporcion constante en la mezcla final. El rendimiento de recuento del {sup 3}H cuando el serpentin abarca todo el diametro de los fototubos oscila en general entre 2,5 y 4%. 3. El efluente acuoso de la columna se hace pasar por un tubo de vidrio relleno de antraceno y el recuento del {sup 3}H se efectua con un rendimiento del orden del 1 por ciento. (author) [Russian] Kombinirovannye radiokhromatograficheskie issledovaniya mechennykh tritiem veshchestv yavlyayutsya neot{sup e}mlemoj chast'yu bolytsinstva biokhimicheskikh ehksperimentov, provodimykh s mechennymi tritiem soedineniyami. Vykhod H{sup 3}-radiokhromatogrammy na bumage v razvertyvayushchem ustrojstve s potochnym schetchikom bez okoshka s ehffektivnost'yu otscheta v 0,5-1,5% v znachitel'noj stepeni zavisit ot tolshchiny bumagi i samopogloshcheniya mechenogo soedineniya. Ne predstavlyaet takzhe bol'shikh problem gazovaya radiokhromatografiya. Uspeshno primenyaetsya kombinatsiya gazovoj khromatogrammy s potochnoj ionizatsionnoj kameroj i ehlektrometrom s vibriruyushchim yazychkomsistema, razrabotannaya K. EH. VIL'TSBAKHOM i P. RISS i usovershestvovannaya G. DATTONOM, L. MASONOM i L. BLEORM, kotoraya pri ispol'zovanii teflona (Teflon) i kreministoj reziny dlya insolyatsionnykh (insolating) chastej potochnoj ionnoj kamery mozhet funktsionirovat ' pri temperature blizkoj k 300{sup o}C. Radiokhromatografiya na kolonke s tritiem yavlyaetsya maloobeshchayushchej, kogda ehflyuent kolonki razbrasyvaetsya melkim sloem i medlenno prokhodit pod potochnym schetchikom bez okoshka ili pod stsintillyatsionnym schetchikom, kak ehto uspeshno bylo provedeno s C{sup 14}. Spektrometriya zhidkostnoj stsintillyatsii yavlyaetsya udachnym metodom dlya vybora. Po sushchestvu imeetsya dva razlichnykh podkhoda, sravnenie kotorykh privoditsya nizhe: 1. EHflyuent kolonki prokhodit cherez obmotku truboprovoda plastikovogo stsintillyatora. Truboprovod namatyvaetsya na tsilindr iz pleksiglasa i ustanavlivaetsya v vannochku s

Application of multiple magnification roentgenography for the control of reparative process in carpal bones. Primenenie rentgenografii s mnogokratnym uvelicheniem dlya kontrolya za reparativnymi protsessami v karpal'nykh kostyakh

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prudnikov, I B

1991-04-01

Consideration is given to the first experience in using direct magnification roentgenography for diagnosis of navicular bone fracture and for evaluation of dynamics of reparative processes in carpal bones. Roentgenograms were made by portable X-ray apparatus REIS-D with 9-fold direct magnification. The use of the given type of roentgenography demonstrated its ample scope for both diagnosis of navicular bone fractures and for evaluation of the process of their adhesion.

Radiochemical Determination of Plutonium for Radiological Purposes; Determination Radiochimique du Plutonium a des Fins Radiologiques; Radiokhimicheskoe opredelenie plutoniya dlya tselej radiologii; Determinacion Radioquimica del Plutonio con Fines Radiologicos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nielsen, J. M.; Beasley, T. M. [Chemical Laboratory, Hanford Laboratories, General Electric Company, Richland, WA (United States)

1964-10-15

In this paper the procedures that have been and are currently being used for the determination of micro- microgram quantities of plutonium in biological and environmental samples are reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on excretion analysis. Expected urinary excretion rates have been calculated, using assumed levels of plutonium deposition, so that the analytical sensitivities of various procedures can be compared. Complete dissolution of excreta, soil, bone, tissue and vegetation are described with emphasis on avoiding the formation of refractory compounds of plutonium which are soluble with difficulty. Analytical methods for plutonium analysis of these materials are reviewed and include co-precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, ion exchange chromatography and the use of plutonium isotopes for yield determinations by means of alpha energy analysis. Using counting statistics, comparisons are made of the sensitivities available in low-level alpha counting, using ionization chambers,- proportional counters, diode counters, and nuclear track emulsions. Isotopic analysis of plutonium by alpha spectrometry, nuclear emulsion techniques, and liquid scintillation counting are included. The use of non-isotopic carriers as a source of extraneous activity and the environmental levels of plutonium recently encountered around the world are discussed in connection with ''blank'' samples. Two possibilities are considered for future methods of plutonium analysis where increased sensitivity is required. These are activation analysis and fission fragment counting. (author) [French] Les auteurs examinent l'ensemble des methodes que l'on a employees et que Ton emploie actuellement pour evaluer les quantites de plutonium de l'ordre du picogramme presentes dans des echantillons biologiques et mesologiques. Ils insistent particulierement sur l'analyse des excreta. Ils ont calcule des taux d'elimination urinaire probables a partir de concentrations de plutonium theoriques, de maniere a pouvoir comparer'la sensibilite de differentes methodes d'analyse. Les auteurs decrivent la dissolution complete d'echantillons d'excreta, de sols, d'os, de tissus et de vegetaux en insistant sur la necessite d'eviter la formation de composes refractaires du plutonium qui sont difficilement solubles. Ils examinent les methodes analytiques employees pour doser le plutonium contenu dans ces substances, notamment la coprecipitation, l'extraction par partage) la chromato- graphie sur echangeurs d'ions et l'emploi d'isotopes du plutonium pour la determination des quantites produites par analyse de l'energie des particules alpha. A l'aide de statistiques du comptage, les auteurs comparent les sensibilites obtenues dans le comptage de particules alpha de faible energie au moyen de chambres d'ionisation, de compteurs proportionnels, de compteurs a diode et d'emulsions nucleaires. L'analyse isotopique du plutonium par spectrometrie alpha, les techniques des emulsions nucleaires et le comptage par scintillateur liquide sont traites dans le memoire. A propos des echantillons completement inactifs, les auteurs etudient l'emploi d'entraineurs non isotopiques en tant que source d'activite etrangere ainsi que les degres de contamination du milieu ambiant par du plutonium recemment releves dans le monde entier. Ils examinent deux possibilites comme futures methodes de dosage du plutonium, lorsqu'on veut obtenir une plus grande sensibilite: il s'agit de l'analyse par activation et du comptage des fragments de fission. (author) [Spanish] Los autores examinan los procedimientos utilizados anteriormente y en la actualidad para la determinacion de cantidades de plutonio del orden de los micro-microgramos en muestras biologicas y del medio ambiente. Estudian especialmente el analisis de las excreta. Han calculado los indices de excrecion urinaria probables adoptando valores arbitrarios para el deposito de plutonio, de una manera que facilita la comparacion de las sensibilidades analiticas de los distintos procedimientos. Los autores describen procedimiebtos para disolver completamente muestras de excreta, suelos, huesos, tejidos y plantas, insistiendo en la.necesidad de evitar la formacion de compuestos refractarios de plutonio, dificiles de disolver. Exponen metodos analiticos para efectuar el analisis del plutonio en esos materiales e incluyen la coprecipitacion, la extraccion liquido-liquido, la cromatografia de intercambio ionico y el empleo de los isotopos del plutonio para las determinaciones del rendimiento por analisis de la energia alfa. Recurriendo a razonamientos estadisticos, comparan las sensibilidades que es posible alcanzar en el recuento de particulas alfa de baja energia utilizando camaras de ionizacion, contadores proporcionales, contadores de diodo y emulsiones nucleares. Tambien mencionan el analisis isotopico del plutonio mediante la espectrometria alfa, las tecnicas de emulsion nuclear y el recuento por centelleo liquido. . Los autores tratan asimismo del empleo de los portadores no isotopicos como fuentes de actividad extrana y senalan los valores de la actividad del plutonio en el medio ambiente registrados recientemente en diferentes partes del mundo, relacionandolos con el empleo de muestras 'en blanco'. Indican dos metodos que podrian utilizarse para el analisis del plutonio cuando se requiera una sensibilidad mayor. Se trata del analisis por activacion y del recuento de los fragmentos de fision. (author) [Russian] V stat'e rassmatrivajutsja metody, kotorye ispol'zovalis' i ispol'zujutsja v nastojashhee vremja pri opredelenii mikromikrokolichestv plutonija v biologicheskih obrazcah i obrazcah iz okruzhajushhej sredy. Osoboe vnimanie udeljaetsja analizam vydelenij. Predpolagaemaja skorost' vydelenija s mochoj vyschityvalas' na osnove predpolagaemyh urovnej otlozhenija plutonija s tem, chtoby mozhno bylo sravnit' analiticheskuju chuvstvitel'nost' razlichnyh metodov. Daetsja opisanie metodov polnogo rastvorenija vydelenij, pochvy, kostej, tkanej i rastitel'nosti, prichem podcherkivaetsja neobhodimost' izbegat' obrazovanija tugoplavkih plohorastvorimyh soedinenij plutonija. Rassmatrivajutsja analiticheskie metody opredelenija plutonija v jetih materialah, kotorye vkljuchajut sovmestnoe osazhdenie, jekstragirovanie zhidkost'-zhidkost', ionno-obmennuju hromatografiju i ispol'zovanie izotopov plutonija dlja konechnyh opredelenij posredstvom analizov al'fa-jenergii. Posredstvom schetno-vychislitel'noj statistiki proizvedeno sravnenie imejushhejsja chuvstvitel'nosti v vychislenii nizkih urovnej al'fa-scheta s pomoshh'ju ionizacionnoj kamery, proporcional'nyh schetchikov, diodnyh schetchikov i jemul'sii s jadernoj metkoj. Metody izotopnogo analiza plutonija s pomoshh'ju al'fa-spektrometrii, metodov jadernoj jemul'sii i zhidkostnyh scintil- ljacionnyh schetchikov takzhe vkljucheny v jetot dokument. Ispol'zovanie neizotopnyh nositelej v kachestve istochnika postoronnej aktivnosti i urovni soderzhanija plutonija v okruzhajushhej srede, nedavno obnaruzhennye na zemnom share, obsuzhdajutsja v svjazi s kontrol'nymi obrazcami. Dlja budushhih metodov analiza plutonija rassmatrivajutsja dve vozmozhnosti, gde trebuetsja povyshennaja chuvstvitel'nost'. Jetimi vozmozhnostjami javljajutsja aktivacionnyj analiz i podschet produktov raspada. (author)

Professional Nuclear Materials Management; Gestion Industrielle des Matieres Nucleaires; Obrashchenie s yadernymi materialami na professional'nom urovne; Administracion Eficiente de Materiales Nucleares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Forcella, A. A.; O' Leary, W. J. [Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, Bethesda, MD (United States)

1966-02-15

) priobretenija topliva i toplivnyh jelementov do ih ispol'zovanija v reaktore, b) pri ispol'zovanii topliv- nyh jelementovv reaktore, i v) pri regeneracii topliva posle ispol'zovanija v reaktore. Vo vremja planirovanija i osushhestvlenija operacij s toplivom do e g o ispol'zovanija v reaktore vazhno, chtoby predusmatrivalas' jekonomija toplivnyh jelementov pri izgotovlenii, obrabotke, transportirovke, a takzhe predusmatrivalas' ih zamenimost'. Grafik provedenija proizvodstvennyh operacij dolzhen obespechivat' svedenie k minimumu poter' pribyli v rezul'tate neproduktivnogo ''mertvogo'' hranenija dorogostojashhih materialov. Pri provedenii operacij vnutri reaktora neobhodimo dobivat'sja maksimal'no vozmozh- noj stepeni vygoranija rasshhepljajushhegosja materiala putem osushhestvlenija sootvetstvujushhih shem peregruppirovki toplivnyh jelementov. Odnovremenno neobhodimo vsjacheski umen'shat' vremja, neproduktivno zatrachivaemoe na peregruppirovku toplivnyh jelementov na ostanovlennom reaktore, na inspekcii i t.d. Vo vremja operacij s jadernymi materialami posle ih ispol'zovanija v reaktore, kogda stepen' obogashhenija topliva dostigla urovnja predvaritel'no ustanovlennogo obednenija rasshhepljajushhegosja materiala, administrator v oblasti jadernyh materialov dolzhen obespechit' naibolee jekonomichnuju pererabotku i regeneraciju rasshhepljajushhihsja materialov i pobochnyh produktov. Obrashhenie s jadernymi materialami sootvetstvenno predstavljaet soboj vazhnyj faktor v dele osushhestvlenija konkurentosposobnogo toplivnogo cikla i podderzhanija sootvetstvujushhe- go urovnja rashodov na edinicu jenergii na jenergeticheskih reaktorah. (author)

X-Ray Equipment for Food Irradiation; Appareil a Rayons X pour Lirradiation des Denrees Alimentaires; Rentgenovskoe oborudovanie dlya oblucheniya pishchevykh produktov; Equipo de Rayos X para Irradiacion de Alimentos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rajewsky, B. [Max Planck Institut fuer Biophysik, Frankfurt A. M., Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

1966-11-15

To investigate the different problems in radiation biophysics and radiation biology the necessity to develop equipment with a very high output of X-rays became evident at the beginning of the 1940's. This equipment made it possible to produce much higher dose-rates than the technical constructions which existed at that time. Such equipment was developed between 1950-1953 by the author and collaborators at the Max Planck Institut fur Biophysik and has been in use since then for scientific research. It later became clear that these X-ray machines are also very suitable for the sterilization and disinfection of drugs, food and other materials. At the Max Planck Institut fur Biophysik three types of equipment are used. With the construction of the AEG X-ray equipment of 120 kV and 500 mA, the industrial technique has been adopted and gradually implemented. The equipment constructed by the author and collaborators had three different types of X-ray tubes which can be connected with a high-voltage transformer of 240 kVA. These tubes run continuously, or for a short time, with a tube current of 2A and a voltage of up to 100 kV. The radiation dose-rate amounts to 10{sup 7} R/min. These tubes permit irradiation with continuous conveyance of a great amount of irradiation material. The corresponding industrial equipment constructed up to now is described. (author) [French] Pour etudier les problemes de radiobiophysique et de radiobiologie, on a constate, des le debut des annees 40, la necessite de mettre au point des appareils a rayons X tres intenses. Ces appareils devaient permettre d'obtenir des debits de dose beaucoup plus eleves qu'avec les installations existantes. De telles machines ont ete mises au point en 1950-1953 par l'auteur et ses collaborateurs a l'Institut Max Planck de biophysique et sont utilisees depuis lors pour la recherche scientifique. Par la suite, on a constate que ces generateurs de rayons X conviennent egalement tres bien pour la sterilisation et l'aseptisation des medicaments, des denrees alimentaires et d'autres matieres. A l'Institut Max Planck de biophysique,on utilise trois types de radiogenerateurs. La construction par la societe AEG de generateurs de rayons X de 120 kV et 500 mA a amene la technique industrielle a adopter ces caracteristiques et a realiser graduellement ce materiel. Les appareils construits par l'auteur et ses collaborateurs sont munis de trois types differents de tubes a rayons X qui peuvent etre alimentes par un transformateur a haute tension de 240 kVA. Ces tubes peuvent fonctionner continuellement ou pendant un court laps de temps sous un courant de 2A. et 100 kV. Le debit de dose du rayonnement atteint 10{sup 7} R/min. Ces tubes permettent l'irradiation d'une grande quantite de produits sur un convoyeur a mouvement continu. Les appareils industriels correspondants realises jusqu'a present sont decrits par l'auteur. (author) [Spanish] La necesidad de construir aparatos de rayos X de gran potencia para investigar diferentes problemas de radiobiofisica y radiobiologia comenzo a hacerse patente a partir de 1940. Estos aparatos permiten administrar dosis mucho mas elevadas que los modelos entonces existentes. Fueron ideados y perfeccionados entre 1951 y 1953 por el autor y sus colaboradores del Max Planck Institut fiir Biophysik, y se vienen utilizando desde entonces para investigaciones cientificas. Ulteriormente se advirtio que se prestan muy bien para esterilizar y desinfectar productos farmaceuticos, alimentos y otras sustancias. En dicho Instituto se utilizan tres tipos de estos aparatos. Con la construccion del aparato de rayos X AEG para 120 kV y 500 mA, la tecnica industrial ha adoptado esas ideas y las esta poniendo en practica gradualmente. Los aparatos construidos por el autor y sus colaboradores estan provistos de tres tipos diferentes de tubos de rayos X que pueden conectarse con un transformador de alta tension de 240 kVA. Estos tubos funcionan continuamente o durante breves intervalos con una intensidad de 2 A y una tension de 100 kV como maximo. La.dosis de irradiacion asciende a 10{sup 7} R/min. Utilizando una cinta transportadora continua ios tubos permiten irradiar una gran cantidad de material. Se describe el correspondiente equipo industrial realizado hasta la fecha. (author) [Russian] Neobhodimost' razrabotki oborudovanija s ochen' vysokim vyhodom rentgenovskih luchej dlja issledovanij razlichnyh problem radiacionnoj biofiziki i radiacionnoj biologii stala ochevidnoj uzhe v nachale sorokovyh godov. Jeto oborudovanie pozvolilo poluchat' bolee vysokuju dozu, chem mogli dat' sushhestvovavshie v to vremja tehnicheskie konstrukcii. Takoe oborudovanie bylo razrabotano v 1950- 1953 godah avtorom i ego kollegami v Institute biofiziki Maksa Planka i s togo vremeni ispol'zovalos' dlja nauchnyh issledovanij. Pozdnee stalo jasno, chto jeti rentgenovskie mashiny ochen' podhodjat takzhe dlja celej sterilizacii i dezinfekcii medikamentov, produktov pitanija i drugih materialov. V Institute biofiziki Maksa Planka ispol'zujutsja tri vida takogo oborudovanija. Posle sozdanija rentgenovskogo oborudovanija AEG na 120 kv i 500 ma promyshlennost' vosprinjala jeti idei i v nastojashhee vremja postepenno pretvorjaet ih v zhizn'. Oborudovanie, sozdannoe avtorom i ego kollegami, imeet tri razlichnyh vida rentgenovskih trubok, kotorye mozhno soedinjat' s transformatorom vysokogo naprjazhenija 240 kv/a. Cherez jeti trubki nepreryvnr ili v techenie korotkogo vremeni propuskaetsja tok v 2 a pri naprjazhenii do 100 kv. Doza radiacii sostavljaet do 10{sup 7} rentgen/min. Vidy trubok pozvoljajut nepreryvno obluchat' bol'shie kolichestva materiala. Daetsja opisanie sootvetstvujushhego promyshlennogo oborudovanija, sozdannogo do sih por. (author)

Chemistry Programme for Water Cooled Nuclear Power Plants. Specific Safety Guide (Russian Edition); Programma po vodno-khimicheskomu rezhimu dlya atomnykh ehlektrostantsij s vodookhlazhdaemymi reaktorami. Spetsial'noe rukovodstvo po bezopasnosti

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2014-02-15

This publication provides guidance on establishing a high standard chemistry programme in accordance with plant safety policy and regulatory requirements. It will be useful to managers of operating organizations and other staff responsible for supporting or monitoring plant activities and for oversight of the plant chemistry programme, as well as to regulatory bodies. Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. Functions, responsibilities and interfaces; 3. Chemistry programme; 4. Chemistry control; 5. Chemistry aspects of radiation exposure optimization; 6. Chemistry surveillance; 7. Management of chemistry data; 8. Training and qualification; 9. Quality control of chemicals and other substances.

Dispersion Curves for Phonons in Diamond; Courbes de Dispersion des Phonons dans le Diamant; Krivye dispersii dlya fononov v almaze; Curvas de Dispersion de los Fonones en el Diamante

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Warren, J. L.; Wenzel, R. G.; Yarnell, J. L. [Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (United States)

1965-04-15

A three-axis neutron diffraction spectrometer at the Los Alamos Omega West Reactor has been used to measure the dispersion curves for phonons propagating in the [100] and [111] directions in diamond. All measurements were made at room temperature. The sample was a type Ha brown industrial diamond weighing 242.8 carats (48.56 g). A neutron diffraction study showed it to consist of a large single crystal with a mosaic spread of - 1 Degree-Sign full width at half maximum, plus two small regions misoriented by 3 and 5 Degree-Sign . The spectrometer was programmed for ''constant-Q'' operation. In all cases, the energy of the incident neutrons was fixed and the scattered neutrons lost energy. Sufficient intensity at an incident energy high enough to excite the optical modes of diamond was obtained by the use of the (1122) reflection of a beryllium monochromator. Uncertainties in the measured frequencies are estimated to be of the order of 2-3%. The most striking result of these measurements is the verification of the predictions, based on infrared absorption and specific heat data, that diamond is not homologous to silicon and germanium. The lack of homology is manifested principally in the behaviour of the transverse branches. The transverse acoustic branches are relatively much higher in diamond than in silicon and germanium. The transverse optical branches are relatively lower, so that in diamond the highest branch is the longitudinal optical rather than the transverse optical. Frequencies at the zone boundaries are in reasonable agreement with those predicted from infrared absorption data, although the identification of the polarizations is different. (author) [French] Les auteurs ont utilise un spectrometre triaxial pour la diffraction des neutrons produits par le reacteur Omega West de Los Alamos en vue de determiner plusieurs courbes de dispersion des phonons se deplacant dans des directions de symetrie a l'interieur du, diamant. Toutes les mesures ont ete effectuees a la temperature ambiante. Il s'agissait d'un diamant industriel brun du type lla, de 242,8 carats (48.56 grammes). D'apres une etude par diffraction des neutrons, cet echantillon etait constitue par un grand monocristal a dispersion mosaieque atteignant une largeur maximum d'environ Ie a mi-hauteur du pic, plus deux petites regions deviees de 3 a 5 Degree-Sign . Le programme du spectrometre etait etabli pour 'Q constant'. Dans tous les cas, l'energie des neutrons incidents etait fixe et les neutrons diffuses ont perdu de l'energie. Pour une energie des neutrons incidents assez elevee pour exciter les modes optiques du diamant, on a obtenu une intensite suffisante grace a la reflexion (1122) d'un systeme mono- chromateur de beryllium. Parmi les 'difficultes soulevees par l'experience, independamment de celles qui resultent des frequences tres elevees des phonons dans le diamant, il faut citer l'existence de pics anormaux qui a rendu difficile l'identification des polarisations. On estime que l'imprecision des mesures des frequences est de Tordre de 2 a 3%. Le resultat le plus frappant de ces mesures a ete la confirmation des previsions, fondees sur les donnees relatives a l'absorption daos l'infrarouge et a la chaleur specifique, que le diamant n'est pas homologue du silicium et du germanium. Ce manque d*homologie se manifeste principalement dans le comportement des branches acoustiques transversales, dont la frequence exprimee en unites convenablement reduites est pres de deux fois plus elevee dans le diamant que dans le silicium ou le germanium. Les autres courbes de dis* persion pour le diamant sont assez semblables a celles que l'on observe pour le silicium et le germanium. Ces resultats indiquent peut-etre que les effets de la 'polarisabilite'atomique, qui ont une grande importance dans le cas du silicium et du germanium, en ont moins dans le cas du diamant. (author) [Spanish] Los autores han utilizado un espectrometro triaxial de difraccion neutronica en el reactor Omega West de Los Alamos para medir varias curvas de dispersion de los fonones que se propagan en el diamante siguiendo direcciones de simetria. Todas las mediciones se realizaron a la temperatura ambiente. La muestra consistio en un diamante industrial pardo del tipo lia, de 242,8 quilates (48,56 g). Su estudio por difraccion neutronica revelo que estaba constituido por un monocristal de gran tamano con una dispersion mosaica de un ancho total a la semialtura de Tilde-Operator 1 Degree-Sign , mas dos pequenas zonas desviadas en 3-5 Degree-Sign . La utilizacion del espectrometro se programo para el metodo de 'Q constante'. En todos los casos se fijo la energia de los neutrones incidentes y los neutrones dispersos perdieron energia. Por empleo de la reflexion (1122) de un monocromador de berilio se obtuvo una intensidad suficiente a una energia incidente bastante elevada como para excitar los modos opticos del diamante. Entre las dificultades experimentales, ademas de las debidas a las frecuencias muy altas de los fonones en el diamante, figuro la aparicion de picos anomalos, lo que obstaculizo la identificacion de las polarizaciones. Se calculo que el margen de error en la medicion de las frecuencias era del orden de 2-3%. El resultado mas notable de estas mediciones lo constituye la confirmacion de las previsiones, basadas en la absorcion infrarroja y en datos acerca del calor especifico, de que el diamante no es un homologo del silicio ni del germanio. Esa falta de homologia se manifiesta principalmente en el comportamiento de las ramas acusticas transversales, las cuales, cuando se expresan en unidades debidamente reducidas, presentan una frecuencia que es casi doble en el diamante que en el silicio o el germanio. El resto de las curvas de dispersion observadas para el diamante se asemeja bastante a las del silicio y germanio. Estos resultados parecen indicar que los efectos de la polarizabilidad atomica, que tanta importancia revisten en los dos elementos recien mencionados, la tienen menos en el caso del diamante. (author) [Russian] Trehosnyj difrakcionnyj spektrometr nejtronov na Losalamosskom reaktore ''Omega Vest'' ispol'zovalsja dlja izmerenija nekotoryh krivyh dispersii dlja rasprostranenija fononov v napravlenijah [100] i [111] v almaze . Vse iz merenija provodilis' pri komnatnoj temperature. Obrazec predstavljal soboj korichnevyj promyshlennyj almaz tipa Na vesom 242,8 karat (48,56 grammov). Izuchenie javlenij difrakcii nejtronov pokazalo, chto almaz sostoit iz bol'shogo edinichnogo kristalla s mozaichnym razbrosom v razmere M Degree-Sign polnoj shiriny pri polumaksimume, pljus dvumja nebol'shimi oblastjami, razorientirovannymi na 3 - 5 Degree-Sign . Spektrometr programmirovalsja dlja operacii ''postojannaja''. Vo vseh sluchajah jenergija padajushhih nejtronov byla postojannoj, i rassejannye nejtrony terjali jenergiju. Dostatochnaja intensivnost' pri jenergii bombardirovki, dostatochno bol'shoj dlja vozbuzhdenija opticheskih form almaza, byla dostignuta v rezul'tate ispol'zovanija otrazhenija (1122) berillievogo monohromatora. K trudnostjam provedenija jeksperimentov, pomimo trudnostej, voznikajushhih v svjazi s nalichiem ochen' vysokih chastot fononov v almaze, otnositsja vozniknovenie anomal'nyh pikov, chto zatrudnjaet raspoznavanie tochek poljarizacii. Schitaetsja, chto neopredelennosti v izmerennyh chastotah sostavljajut velichinu porjadka 2-3 procentov. Naibolee razitel'nym rezul'tatom jetih izmerenij javljaetsja podtverzhdenie predpolozhenij, osnovannyh na dannyh otnositel'no pogloshhenija infrakrasnoj oblasti spektra i otnositel'no udel'nogo tepla, chto almaz ne javljaetsja gomologom s kremniem i germaniem. Otsutstvie sootvetstvija projavljaetsja v osnovnom v povedenii poperechnyh akusticheskih vetvej, kotorye v sluchajah vyrazhenija ih v sootvetstvujushhih privedennyh edinicah po svoej chastote pochti v dva raza vyshe v almaze, chem v kremnii i germanii. Ostal'nye nabljudaemye krivye dispersii dlja almaza dovol'no pohozhi na krivye dispersii dlja kremnija i germanija. Jeti rezul'taty, po-vidimomu, svidetel'stvujut o tom, chto jeffekty atomnoj poljarizuemosti, kotorye imejut dovol'no bol'shoe znachenie dlja kremnija i germanija, javljajutsja menee vazhnymi dlja almaza. (author)

Use of Isotopes for Investigating the Behaviour and Ecology of Insect Pests in Some Recent Studies; Emploi des radioisotopes dans des recherches recentes sur le comportement et l'ecologie des insectes nuisibles; Ispol'zovanie radioizotopov dlya issledovaniya povedeniya i ehkologii nasekomykh-vreditelej v Irane; Empleo de isotopos en estudios recientes sobre el comportamiento y la ecologia de las plagas insectiles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quraishi Sayeed, M. [Cento Institute of Nuclear Science, Teheran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

1963-09-15

investigo el modo de alimentarse de las ninfas del primer estadio utilizando plantas de trigo activadas con {sup 32}P. Tambien se estudiaron otros alimentos marcados radiactivamente y se encontro que la alimentacion es esencial para la primera muda, aunque consiste solamente en agua embebida en un papel de filtro. (author) [Russian] Issledovaniya ehkologii, povedeniya, rasprostraneniya i sroka zhizni nasekomykh vsegda privlekali ehntomologov. Ispol'zovanie radioizotopov yavlyaetsya ehffektivnym orudiem issledovaniya; nizhe daetsya soobshchenie otnositel'no neskol'kikh interesnykh problem, razreshennykh s ikh pomoshch'yu. Anopheles Stephensi yavlyaetsya glavnym perenoschikom malyarii v yuzhnom Irane. Blagodarya ispol'zovaniyu mechennykh P{sup 32} komarov byli polucheny svedeniya otnositel'no ikh rasprostraneniya, povedeniya, usvoeniya imi krovi, sozrevaniya yaichnikov i prodolzhitel'nosti gonotroficheskikh tsiklov. Bylo ustanovleno, chto prblizitel'ko v 80% sluchaev dlya zaversheniya pervogo tsikla komaram trebovalos' dvazhdy krovyanoe pitanie. Sam pervyj tsikl zavershalsya v zavisimosti ot temperatury za chetyre ili pyat' sutok. Vyplodivshiesya za noch' mechenye komary vypuskalis' na svobodu v izolirovannoj derevne. Sootnoshenie mezhdu aktivnymi komarami i obshchim ikh ulovom ustavlivalos' kazhdyj den' i, pri uslovii neizmennosti prirodnoj populyatsii, opredelyalas' smertnost', prichem okazalos', chto ona v techenie pervykh shesti sutok yavlyalas' ehksponentnoj. Bylo izucheno takzhe brachnoe povedenie samok putem ispol'zovaniya normal'nykh samok, sparivavshikhsya v proshlom odin raz s mechennymi P{sup 32} samtsami. Bylo ustanovleno, chto samka sparivaetsya bolee odnogo raza i chto posle sparivaniya s aktivnym samtsom spermateka stanovitsya aktivnoj. Ispol'zuya samtsov, davavshikh 15 000 otschetov v minutu,byli polucheny schety, vdvoe prevyshavshie fonovye (12 schetov v minutu). Pri pomoshchi ispol'zovaniya mechennykh P{sup 32} komarov byli provedeny takzhe issledovaniya po

Linear capacity storage devices; Memoires lineaires a condensateurs; Linejnye kondensatornye nakopitel'nye ustrojstva; Dispositivos de almacenamiento de condensador, con caracteristicas lineales

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Brovchenko, V G [Ordena Lenina Institut Atomnoj Ehnergii Imeni I.V. Kurchatova AN, SSSR (Russian Federation)

1962-04-15

nakopleniya informatsii kondensatornymi nakopitel'nymi ustrojstvami. Opisyvayutsya dve skhemy nakopitelej, rabotayushchikh linejno v bol'shom diapazone amplitud vykhodnykh signalov. V odnoj iz skhem signal oshibki izmeryaetsya differentsial'nym usilitelem. Blagodarya bol'shomu koehffitsientu usileniya usilitelya dostigaetsya vysokaya linejnost' raboty ehtogo ustrojstva. Vtoraya skhema skonstruirovana dlya raboty s impul'sami nanosekundnogo diapazona dlitel'nostej. Vkhodnye impul'sy standartnoj dlitel'nosti zapirayut pentod, v anode kotorogo raspolozhen kondensator pamyati. Tak kak zaryadka kondensatora proizvoditsya ot anodnogo pitaniya cherez generator toka, tok zaryadki ostaetsya pochti postoyannym pri izmenenii potentsiala kondensatora. Pentod imeet bol'shoe vnutrennee soprotivlenie, poehtomu posle okonchaniya vkhodnogo impul'sa tok cherez pentod pochti raven nachal'noj velichine, a zaryad, nakoplennyj kondensatorom, zapominaetsya. Dlitel'nost' pamyati informatsii ogranichena velichinami vykhodnogo soprotivleniya generatora toka i R{sub i} pentoda. Dlya uvelicheniya dlitel'nosti pamyati pered kondensatorom mozhet byt' vklyuchen diod. (author)

Physical Properties of P.V.C. Attenuated Network Copolymers Produced by Ionizing Radiation; Proprietes physiques des copolymeres obtenus sous l'action de rayonnements ionisants et dont le reseau est attenue par l'effet du chlorure de polyvinyle; Fizicheskie svojstva polivinilkhloridnykh obednennykh tsepej sopolimerov, poluchennykh v rezul'tate vozdejstviya ioniziruyushchej radiatsii; Propiedades fisicas de los copolimeros de redes atenuadas por cloruro de polivinilo obtenidos por irradiacion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pinner, S H [Tube Investments Research Laboratories, Hinxton Hall, Cambridge (United Kingdom)

1960-07-15

perekrestnykh svyazej v polivinilkhloride s pomoshch'yu ioniziruyushchej radiatsii stavit osobye problemy. V svyazi s neblagopriyatnym obrazovaniem poperechnykh svyazej i parametrami razrusheniya svyazej dlya dannogo polimera dozy radiatsii, neobkhodimye dlya obrazovaniya prochnykh tsoperechnykh plotnostej soedinenij, yavlyayutsya slishkom bol'shimi i parallel'no s ehtim proiskhodit protsess obestsvechivaniya i degidrogalogenirovaniya. EHti trudnosti udalos' preodolet' putem vvedeniya diallilovykh i triallilovykh ehfirov v polivinilkhlorid eshche do oblucheniya. Takim obrazom udalos' poluchit' produkty s prochnymi poperechnymi svyazyami pri otnositel'no malykh dozakh ioniziruyushchej radiatsii. Proverka fizicheskikh svojstv dannykh produktov pokazyvaet, chto oni yavlyayutsya ne prostymi graft-sopolimerami, chto obychno svyazano s prisutstviem dlinnykh razvetvlennykh tsepej, a obednennymi allilovymi polimernymi svyazyami. V ehtikh materialakh sochetayutsya svojstva iskhodnogo polimera i allilovoj svyazi. V doklade govoritsya o prochnosti na razryv, module i rastyazhenii oslablennoj svyazi sopolimerov, kotorye rassmatrivayutsya v zavisimosti ot temperatury, kontsentratsii i roli allilovogo ehfira. Takzhe privodyatsya zamechaniya po stojkosti poluchennykh produktov k razbukhaniyu i k khimicheskomu vozdejstviyu. (author)

The effective lifetime and temperature coefficient in a coupled fast-thermal reactor; Temps de vie effectif et coefficient de temperature dans un reacteur a couplage neutrons rapides-neutrons thermiques; Ehffektivnyj srok zhizni i temperaturnyj koehffitsient nejtronov v dvoyakom reaktore na bystrykh i teplovykh nejtronakh; Vida efectiva y coeficiente de temperatura en un reactor con acoplamiento rapido-termico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haefele, W. [Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe (Germany)

1962-03-15

. Teplovoj komponent dejstvuet kak svoego roda zamedlitel' vremeni zhizni nejtronov. Kak i v teorii zapazdyvayushchikh nejtronov, ehffekt zapazdyvaniya ischezaet, esli reaktivnost' dostatochno vysoka, chtoby bystryj komponent stal kritichnym sam po sebe. V issledovanii rassmatrivalsya sparennyj reaktor, v kotorom bystryj komponent podvergaetsya dejstviyu vnezapnogo stupenchatogo skachka reaktivnosti {alpha}{sub 0}. Izza vozrastayushchego urovnya ehnergii temperatura podnimaetsya i nachinayut rabotat' dva temperaturnykh koehffitsienta: temperaturnyj koehffitsient bystrogo komponenta i temperaturnyj koehffitsient teplovogo komponenta. Ehta problema rassmatrivaetsya s odnoj gruppoj zapazdyvayushchikh nejtronov (v obychnom znachenii). Privoditsya formalizm dlya vyrazheniya ehffektivnogo sroka zhizni i temperaturnogo koehffitsienta vo vremya razlichnykh stadij issledovaniya. Dany takie otkloneniya dlya razlichnykh znachenij {alpha}{sub 0}, pri kotorykh dostigaetsya predel kinetiki reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh. (author)

Comparison Of The Worth Of Critical And Exponential Measurements For Heavy-Water-Moderated Reactors; Valeur Relative des Mesures Critiques et Exponentielles pour l'Etude des Reacteurs Ralentis a l'Eau Lourde; Sravnenie tsennosti kriticheskikh i ehksponentsial'nykh izmerenij dlya reaktorov s tyazhelovodnym zamedlitelem; Valor Relativo de las Mediciones Criticas y Exponenciales para los Reactores Moderados por Agua Pesada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Graves, W. E.; Hennelly, E. J. [Savannah River Laboratory, E.I. Du Pont De Nemours and Co., Aiken, SC (United States)

1964-02-15

izmerenijah tipa PCTR. V jeksponencial'nyh izmerenijah trudnosti, po-vidimomu, zakljuchajutsja edinstvenno v opredelenii radial'nogo laplasiana. Pri udachnom vypolnenii jeksponencial'nye izmerenija mogut uspeshno konkurirovat' s kriticheskimi. Naibol'shee kolichestvo materiala trebuetsja dlja odnozonnyh kriticheskih izmerenij, primerno odinakovoe kolichestvo-dlja podstanovochnokriticheskih i jeksponencial'nyh izmerenij i menee vsego-dlja izmerenij tipa PCTR. 2) Anizotropnyj i pustotnyj jeffekty Sravnenija jeksperimentov laboratorii s kriticheskimi i kriticheski-jeksponencial'nymi privodjatsja v dannoj rabote, a bolee podrobno oni izlagajutsja v rabote, kotoraja soprovozhdaet dannuju. 3) Ocenka sistem upravlenija Okazalos, chto horosho proanalizirovannye jeksponencial'nye jeksperimenty dajut horoshie rezul'taty dlja izmerenij obshhej znachimosti. Odnako dlja nadlezhashhego izuchenija formirovan- nija obshhego potoka, uglov naklona potoka i t.d. neobhodima polnomasshtabnaja kriticheskaja ustanovka napodobie PDP. 4) Temperaturnye kojefficienty Jeksponencial'nye jeksperimenty javljajutsja prevoshodnym metodom opredelenija temperaturnogo kojefficienta laplasiana dlja nagrevanija odnorodnoj reshetki. Imejushhajasja v laboratorii special'naja ustanovka PSE pozvoljaet proizvodit' takie izmerenija vplot' do temperatury 215 Degree-Sign S. Dlja nagrevanija neodnorodnyh reshetok predpovtenie, kak pravilo, otdavalos' kriticheskim jeksperimentam. 5) Smeshannye reshetki Dlja nastojashhih reaktorov redko primenjajutsja prostye odnorodnye reshetki, dlja kotoryh ispol'zujutsja v osnovnom jeksponencial'nye izmerenija. Kriticheskie jeksperimenty so smeshannymi zagruzkami ispol'zujutsja kak dlja izmerenija prjamyh jeffektov v maketah, tak i dlja ispytanija raschetov geterogennoj i dvuhrazmernoj diffuzii. 6) Issledovanija kritichnosti topliva, ispol'zuemogo v tjazhelovodnyh reshetkah, v obychnoj vode vode Jeksponencial'nye izmerenija okazalis' osobenno cennymi dlja issledovanija kritichnosti s cel

Automatic Sample Changing System for Gamma-Ray Spectrometry; Changeur Automatique d'Echantillons Pourla Spectrometrie Gamma; Avtomaticheskaya sistema dlya smeny obraztsov pri gamma-spektrometrii; Cambiador Automatico de Muestras para Espectroscopia Gamma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lamson, K. C.; Sesko, W. J.; Nicholson, G. C. [Northeastern Radiological Health Laboratory, Winchester, MA (United States)

1965-10-15

The detection of gamma-emitting radionuclides at environmental levels in biological media requires that the sensitivity of the counting system be high. To accumulate sufficiently precise data, it is often necessary to count samples for long periods of time - from one to several hours. The most efficient utilization of expensive low-background gamma-ray spectrometric counting equipment requires that it be operated on a continuous basis. This necessitates either the continuous presence of personnel or a completely automated system, including the changing of samples and recording of data. The purpose of this paper is to describe the automated gamma-ray spectrometry counting system designed, built and in use at the Northeastern Radiological Health Laboratory, Winchester, Massachusetts. The sample changing unit was designed to operate in conjunction with a large steel shield, any commercial unit with a front opening door being readily adaptable for this purpose. The changer is equipped to handle a variety of samples including biological and medical types. The unit consists of a revolving tray with a capacity for sixteen samples, an indexing system for positioning the samples, a mechanical arm with an attached electromagnet for inserting and removing the samples from the shield, and a lever for opening and closing the shield door. The changer has been completely integrated with a multichannel analyser with the provision of safety features to interrupt the cycle in case of malfunction at any step. After a preset counting period, the data are punched onto paper tape and processed by an IBM. 1620 computer. The first model of the sample changer, for which a patent is pending, has been in operation at the Northeastern Radiological Health Laboratory for about one year. During that time, it has been used extensively and has proven completely satisfactory. The total cost of the unit, including labour, was less than $ 2000. (author) [French] GAMMAPour deceler les radionucleides emetteurs gamma presents dans les milieux biologiques a la concentration naturelle, il faut que l'ensemble de comptage utilise soit de haute sensibilite et, de plus, que la duree du comptage des echantillons soit longue - de une li plusieurs heures -, sil'onveut obtenir des donnees assez precises. Pour tirer le meilleur parti possible de l'appareil de comptage par spectroscopie gamma a faible mouvement propre qui est couteux, il faut l'utiliser sans interruption. Cela suppose la presence continue de personnel ou une complete automatisation comprenant le changement des echantillons et l'enregistrement des donnees. Le memoire a pour objet de decrire l'appareil automatique de comptage par spectrometrie gamma, concu et realise par le Northeastern Radiological Health Laboratory, a Winchester (Massachusetts). Le changeur d'echantillons est coupje a une enceinte blindee en acier, n'importe quelle enceinte blindee en vente dans le commerce avec porte sur le devant pouvant etre facilement adaptee a cette fin. Le changeur est capable de manipuler toute une variete d'echantillons, notamment des echantillons biologiques et medicaux. Il est constitue par un plateau rotatif destine a recevoir 16 echantillons, un dispositif code de positionnement des echantillons, un bras mecanique muni d'un electro-aimant qui introduit les echantillons dans l'enceinte et les en retire, et d'un levier automatique commandant l'ouverture et la fermeture de la porte de l'enceinte. Le changeur est completement integre a un analyseur multicanal et equipe de circuits de controle permettant d'arreter l'experience en cas de fonctionnement defectueux a un moment quelconque. Apres comptage pendant une periode determinee a l'avance, les donnees sont enregistrees par perforation sur bande puis traitees a l'aide d'une calculatrice IBM 1620. Ce premier modele de changeur d'echantillons, qui doit etre brevete incessamment, fonctionne depuis un an environ au Northeastern Radiological Health Laboratory. Il a ete intensement utilise pendant cette periode et s'est revele tout a fait satisfaisant. Son prix de revient, main-d'oeuvre comprise, est inferieur a 2000 dollars. (author) [Spanish] La deteccion en medios biologicos de radionuclidos emisores gamma de actividad poco superior a la ambiente requiere el empleo de un sistema de recuento muy sensible. Ademas, para lograr datos suficientemente precisos es necesario que el tiempo de recuento sea relativamente largo, a saber, de una a varias horas. Para utilizar con la mayor eficacia posible el equipo de recuento de espectrometria gamma de baja actividad de fondo, que es sumamente costoso, conviene hacerlo funcionar en forma continua durante 24 h al dfa. Para ello se requiere personal que lo atienda constantemente o un sistema de recuento enteramente automatico incluso para el cambio de muestras y el registro de los datos. En esta memoria se describe el sistema automatizado de recuento por espectroscopia gamma disenado, construido y utilizado en el Northeastern Radiological Health Laboratory de Winchester, Massachusetts. El cambiador de muestras funciona en conjuncion con un blindaje de acero que no necesita ser especial; cualquiera de los comerciales, si esta provisto de una puerta frontal, puede ser adaptado al cambiador. Dicho cambiador puede adaptarse a diversos tipos de muestras, incluidas las biologicas y medicas. Consta de una bandeja giratoria con capacidad para 16 muestras; un sistema localizador para las muestras; un brazo mecanico, con electroiman, para introducir o retirar las muestras desde el exterior, y una palanca para abrir y cerrar la puerta blindada. El cambiador se ha integrado completamente con un analizador multicanal provisto de dispositivos de seguridad que interrumpen el ciclo cuando se produce una averfa en cualquier punto. Despues de un periodo de recuento predeterminado, los datos pasan a una calculadora IBM 1620 transcritos en cinta de papel perforada. El primer modelo de cambiador de muestras, para el cual se ha solicitado una patente, viene funcionando satisfactoriamente desde hace mas de un ano en el Northeastern Radiological Health Laboratory. Su costo total, inclusive la mano de obra, fue inferior a 2000 dolares. (author) [Russian] Obnaruzhenie prirodnyh kolichestv gamma-izluchajushhih radioizotopov v biologicheskoj srede trebuet vysokoj chuvstvitel'nosti schetnoj sistemy. Dlja togo, chtoby poluchit' dostatochno tochnye dannye, trebuetsja mnogo vremeni, ot odnogo do neskol'kih chasov. Naibolee jeffektivnoe ispol'zovanie dorogostojashhego gamma-spektrometricheskogo schetnogo oborudovanija s nizkim fonom trebuet ego nepreryvnoj raboty. Dlja jetogo neobhodimo libo postojannoe prisutstvie personala, libo nalichie polnost'ju avtomatizirovannoj sistemy, vkljuchajushhej smenu obrazcov i registraciju dannyh. Cel'ju nastojashhego doklada javljaetsja opisanie avtomatizirovannoj gamma-spektrometricheskoj schetnoj sistemy, sproektirovannoj, izgotovlennoj i rabotajushhej v radiologicheskoj laboratorii v Uinchestere, shtat Massachusets. Prisposoblenie dlja smeny obrazcov bylo sproektirovano dlja raboty v sochetanii s bol'shim stal'nym jekranirovannym kontejnerom, i dlja jetoj celi mozhno legko primenit' ljuboe imejushheesja v prodazhe prisposoblenie takogo roda s otkryvajushhejsja perednej dvercej. Prisposoblenie oborudovano takim obrazom, chtoby obrabatyvat' razlichnye obrazcy, v tom chisle biologicheskie i medicinskie. Ono sostoit iz vrashhajushhegosja lotka, rasschitannogo na shestnadcat' obrazcov, sistemy periodicheskoj krugovoj podachi dlja ustanovki obrazcov v nuzhnoe polozhenie, mehanicheskoj ruki s jelektromagnitom dlja vvedenija i vyemki obrazcov iz kontejnera i rychaga dlja otkryvanija i zakryvanija dvercy kontejnera. Sistema dlja smeny obrazcov soedinena s mnogokanal'nym analizatorom, kotoryj obespechivaet bezopasnost', preryvaja cikl v sluchae neispravnosti v ljuboj faze. Posle zadannogo vremeni scheta dannye nanosjatsja putem punshirovanija na bumazhnuju lentu i obrabatyvajutsja schetno-reshajushhim ustrojstvom IBM 1620. Pervaja sistema dlja smeny obrazcov, na kotoruju zajavlen patent, prorabotala v laboratorii okolo odnogo goda. Za jeto vremja ona shiroko ispol'zovalas' i pokazala sebja vpolne udovletvoritel'noj. Obshhaja stojmost' ustanovki, vkljuchaja rabotu, sostavila menee 2000 doll.SShA. (author)

Influence of dose rate of ionizing radiation on working capacity of the oil-filled electrical equipment for NPP; Vliyanie moshchnosti dozy ioniziruyushchego oblucheniya na rabotosposobnost` maslonapolnennogo ehlektrooborudovaniya dlya AEhS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tyutnev, A P [and others

1994-12-31

Dependence of radiation electric conductivity transformer oil on the gamma radiation absorbed dose rate and on the energy proton flux is investigated. It is ascertained that the electrical reliability of oil and oil-barrier insulation does not depend on the absorbed dose rate up to the maximum achieved values of 200 rad/s.

Choice of the type of a storage for the centre of processing and burial of RAW in Ukraine.; Vybor tipa khranilishch dlya Tsentra pererabotki i zakhoroneniya radioaktivnykh otkhodov v Ukraine.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Korchagin, P A; Avdeev, O K; Bogachev, O M [Naukovo-Tekhnyichnij Tsentr z dezaktivatsyiyi ta kompleksnogo povodzhennya z radyioaktivnimi vyidkhodami, Zhovtyi Vodi (Ukraine)

1994-12-31

Variants of arrangement of the Centre of processing and burial of low-and middle-active RAW and a design of storages have been considered. Types of burials and kinds of tanks have been determined with regard for the properties providing for both safety and economical storage of RAW and depending on radionuclide composition of waste placed to them.

Scintillation Counters for Neutron Scattering Experiments; Compteurs a scintillations pour les experiences de diffusion neutronique; Stsintillyatsionnye schetchiki dlya ehksperimentov s rasseyaniem nejtronov; Contadores de centelleo para experimentos de dispersion neutronica.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harris, D; Duffil, C [Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Chalk River, Ontario (Canada); Wraight, L A [Aere, Harwell, Didcot, Berks (United Kingdom)

1963-01-15

Scintillation counters discussed in this paper are of two types : (i) UP or B{sub 2}O{sub 3} fixed with zinc sulphide in varving composition, (ii) Li containing glasses of varying composition. The ideal composition of each rype for neutron scattering experiments and their relative sensitivity tae neutrons and {gamma}-rays are considered. The ZnS type can be used with a {gamma}-ray pulse shape discriminator and practical experience of its use in a multi-counter time-of-flight experiment is described. The Li glass has higher {gamma}-background but also higher neutron efficiency. Performance figures of a scintillator containing 25% by wt. Li{sub 2}O and 1 mm thick will be given. (author) [French] Les compteurs a scintillations etudies sont de deux types : i) LiF ou B{sub 2}O{sub 3} fixe par du sulfure de zinc en composition variable, ii) verres contenant du lithium en composition variable. Les auteurs examinent la composition ideale de chaque type de compteur pour les experiences de diffusion de neutrons, ainsi que leur sinsibilite rrelative aux neutrons et aux rayons gamma. On peut utiliser le compteur a ZnS avec un discriminates de forme pour rayons gamma; les auteurs decrivent l'experience qu'ils ont de son emploi dans une experience de temps de vol a plusieurs compteurs. Le compteur verre-Li a un mouvement propre plus eleve pour les rayons gamma mais une meilleure efficacite vis-a-vis des neutrons. Les auteurs donnent quelques chiffres concernant le fonctionnement d'un scintillateur contenant 25% en poids de Li{sub 2}O et ayant une epaisseur de un millimetre. (author) [Spanish] Los contadores de centelleo examinados en esta memoria son de dos tipos : a) de LiF o B{sub 2}O{sub 3} mezclado con sulfuro de cinc en proporciones variables; b) de vidrios litiados de diversas composiciones. Los autores estudian la composicion ideal de cada tipo para experimentos de dispersion neutronica, asi como su sensibilidad relativa a los neutrones y a los rayos gamma. El tio de ZnS puede utilizarse con un discriminador de amplitude de impulsos para rayos gamma; los autores describen la experiencia adquirida con su empleo en un experimento de tiempo de vuelo realizado con varios contradores. El vidrio litiado presenta una actividad de fondo mas elevada para los rayos gamma, pero tambien una mayor eficiencia en el registro de neutrones. En la memoria figuran cifras relativas al rendimiento de un centelleador de 1 mm de espesor, que contiene 25% en peso de litio. (author)

New developments in the analysis and measurement of thicknesses by {beta}-particle excitation of X fluorescent rays; Nouveaux developpements de l'analyse et de la mesure des epaisseurs par excitation des raies de fluorescence X au moyen de particules {beta}; Novye usovershenstvovaniya analiza i izmereniya plotnosti putem vozbuzhdeniya fluorestsiruyushchikh spektrov rentgenovskogo lucha beta-chastitsami; Nuevos adelantos en el analisis y la medicion de espesores mediante la excitacion de rayos X por particulas beta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martinelli, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France); Seibel, G [Institut de Recherches de la Siderurgie, St-Germain-en-Laye (France)

1962-01-15

kriptona-85 daet vozmozhnost' umen'shit' fon, kotoryj nablyudaetsya pri ispol'zovanii strontsiya-90. Privodyatsya dannye, poluchennye dlya razlichnykh izmerenij plotnosti metallicheskikh sloev, analiz rastvorov i nepreryvnoe izmerenie kal'tsiya i zheleza v rudnykh porodakh. Daetsya opisanie opytov, provedennykh s tsel'yu analiza rentgenovskogo oblucheniya s pomoshch'yu kristalla. (author)

ARE: Ada Rendering Engine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefano Penge

2009-10-01

Full Text Available E' ormai pratica diffusa, nello sviluppo di applicazioni web, l'utilizzo di template e di potenti template engine per automatizzare la generazione dei contenuti da presentare all'utente. Tuttavia a volte la potenza di tali engine è€ ottenuta mescolando logica e interfaccia, introducendo linguaggi diversi da quelli di descrizione della pagina, o addirittura inventando nuovi linguaggi dedicati.ARE (ADA Rendering Engine è€ pensato per gestire l'intero flusso di creazione del contenuto HTML/XHTML dinamico, la selezione del corretto template, CSS, JavaScript e la produzione dell'output separando completamente logica e interfaccia. I templates utilizzati sono puro HTML senza parti in altri linguaggi, e possono quindi essere gestiti e visualizzati autonomamente. Il codice HTML generato è€ uniforme e parametrizzato.E' composto da due moduli, CORE (Common Output Rendering Engine e ALE (ADA Layout Engine.Il primo (CORE viene utilizzato per la generazione OO degli elementi del DOM ed è pensato per aiutare lo sviluppatore nella produzione di codice valido rispetto al DTD utilizzato. CORE genera automaticamente gli elementi del DOM in base al DTD impostato nella configurazioneIl secondo (ALE viene utilizzato come template engine per selezionare automaticamente in base ad alcuni parametri (modulo, profilo utente, tipologia del nodo, del corso, preferenze di installazione il template HTML, i CSS e i file JavaScript appropriati. ALE permette di usare templates di default e microtemplates ricorsivi per semplificare il lavoro del grafico.I due moduli possono in ogni caso essere utilizzati indipendentemente l'uno dall'altro. E' possibile generare e renderizzare una pagina HTML utilizzando solo CORE oppure inviare gli oggetti CORE al template engine ALE che provvede a renderizzare la pagina HTML. Viceversa è possibile generare HTML senza utilizzare CORE ed inviarlo al template engine ALECORE è alla prima release ed è€ già utilizzato all

The influence of time of maternal exposure to 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl on its accumulation in their nursing offspring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gallenberg, L.A.; Ring, B.J.; Vodicnik, M.J.

1990-01-01

2,4,5,2',4',5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl (6-CB) is mobilized from rodent tissues during the lipid depletion associated with food restriction or lactation, the latter condition resulting in the substantial elimination of the maternal body burden of the chemical to nursing offspring. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the rate and/or magnitude of accumulation of 6-CB in nursing offspring differed with time following PCB administration to the maternal animal. Female ICR mice were administered two doses of 6-CB. Group I animals received [14C]-6-CB as weanlings (15-20 g) followed by unlabeled 6-CB 5 weeks later, after mating, on Day 1 of gestation. Group II received unlabeled 6-CB as weanlings and [14C]-6-CB on Day 1 of gestation. Thus, 14C identified the mobilization and elimination of either the first or the second dose of 6-CB in the treatment groups (I = [14C]-6-CB, 6-CB; II = 6-CB, [14C]-6-CB). Both groups of animals retained approximately 80% of the administered radiolabeled dose. The tissue distribution of [14C]-6-CB in group II as a percentage of the body burden was not different from that in group I as determined from maternal tissue concentrations on Day 14 of gestation. The percentage of the maternal body burden of [14C]-6-CB accumulated in suckling offspring of group II mothers was significantly greater than that in group I offspring on Day 1 (I, 2.2 +/- 0.5%; II, 3.5 +/- 0.4%), Day 3 (I, 14.8 +/- 1.9%; II, 24.6 +/- 2.7%), Day 5 (I, 16.8 +/- 1.4%; II, 24.8 +/- 0.8%), and Day 12 (I, 32.3 +/- 0.5%; II, 45.5 +/- 1.7%) postpartum. This differential elimination was reflected in the t1/2 of elimination of the radiolabeled dose from parametrial fat during lactation, which was significantly longer in group I (14 days) than group II maternal animals (9 days)

The Italian Lightning Detection System of CESI and its applications; Il sistema italiano di rilevamento fulmini del CESI e le sue applicazioni

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iorio, R. [CESI Centro Elettrotecnico Sperimentale Italiano, Milan (Italy)

1998-03-01

Aim of the paper is to give a description of the CESI lightning detection system SIRF. The system allows the real time localization (latitude, longitude) of the striking point of a cloud-to-ground lightning flash. Electrical parameters of the impulsive currents related to the flash strokes are calculated as well. Based on sensors covering the whole Italian territory, SIRF configuration and of the basic calculation criteria for passing from the sensor raw data to the final flash data is given together with the evaluation of the system expected performance parameters (accuracy, detection efficiently, signal/noise ratio). Main uses of lightning data in several fields are then reported, with special reference to electrical applications. Mention is done about the different modalities adopted for data distribution, according to that either real time or passed time applications have to be carried out. In this latter case (e.g. statistics), a huge amount of data archived within the Lightning Data Base of SIRF is available. [Italiano] Oggetto della memoria e` la descrizione del Sistema Italiano Rilevamento Fulmini del CESI, denominato SIRF, unico sistema attualmente esistente in Itallia in grado di localizzare in tempo reale e su tutto il territorio nazionale i punti di impatto di fulmini di tipo nube-suolo e le caratteristiche principali delle correnti impulsive ad essi associate. Vengono quindi riportati una descrizione della rete nella sua configurazione attuale ed i suoi collegamenti con le reti di Paesi confinanti (Francia, Svizzera, Austria). Si accenna ai criteri alla base dei calcoli dei dati finali di fulmine, a partire dai dati rilevati dai sensori, e si riportano i valori stimati dei tipici parametri di valutazione delle prestazioni di un sistema di rilevamento fulmini (precisione, efficacia di rilevamento, rapporto segnale/disturbo). Sono successivamente descritte le principali applicazioni dei dati di fulmine nei vari settori, con particolare riferimento al

La bellezza aurea. Risposta cerebrale alle sculture classiche e rinascimentali

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Cinzia Di Dio

2010-12-01

mutualmente esclusivi: uno basato sull’attivazione congiunta di gruppi di neuroni corticali, evocata dai parametri intrinseci degli stimoli e l’insula (bellezza oggettiva; l’altro, basato sull’attivazione dell’amigdala, evocata dalle esperienze emozionali proprie di ciascun individuo (bellezza soggettiva.

Infezioni gastroenteriche e fonti di rischio da balneazione nel mare Adriatico

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N. Schinaia

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

Obiettivi: gli obiettivi generali della ricerca sono stati: stimare un eccesso di rischio di insorgenza di gastroenterite a seguito di attività di balneazione o consumo di prodotti ittici nel mare Adriatico; misurare nuovi parametri microbiologici di inquinamento marino.

Metodi: sono stati condotti i seguenti studi: 1 caso controllo; 2 uno studio di prevalenza (beach survey per descrivere la frequenza di alcune patologie (dell’orecchio, delle vie aeree superiori, della cute rispetto alla balneazione o meno; 3 identificazione di nuovi patogeni nelle acque di balneazione (quali virus o Cryptosporidium parvum.

Risultati: l’analisi dei fattori di rischio nello studio caso controllo non ha evidenziato un aumento di gastroenterite associata a balneazione. Gli episodi gastroenterici osservati nei casi erano prevalentemente sostenuti da Salmonella sp. e la modalità di infezione era legata ad alcuni alimenti quali la maionese. Il risultato principale dello studio di beach survey è stato che la balneazione nel mare Adriatico non è associata ad un aumento significativo di patologie serie, quali gastroenterite acuta.

Tuttavia, è stato possibile evidenziare un aumento di rischio statisticamente significativo per forme morbose lievi, quali congiuntivite e dermatite aspecifica, fra chi ha fatto il bagno in mare e chi no. Tale aumentato rischio è stato soprattutto osservato nei bambini e ragazzi al di sotto di 15 anni. I risultati di microbiologia sperimentale dimostrano il ruolo svolto dalle acque marine quale pabulum idoneo alla sopravvivenza delle oocisti di C. parvum. Sono stati validati protocolli di diagnostica molecolare per l’identificazione di enterovirus, rotavirus e reovirus nelle acque di balneazione.

Conclusioni: l’epidemiologia può contribuire a studiare i rapporti fra balneazione e salute all’interno di una visione generale di salute

Anti-obesity effects of chikusetsusaponins isolated from Panax japonicus rhizomes

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Okuda Hiromichi

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The rhizomes of Panax japonicus are used as a folk medicine for treatment of life-style related diseases such as arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus as a substitute for ginseng roots in China and Japan. Obesity is closely associated with life-style-related diseases. This study was performed to clarify whether chikusetsusaponins prevent obesity induced in mice by a high-fat diet for 9 weeks. Methods We performed two in vivo experiments. In one, female ICR mice were fed a high-fat diet with or without 1 or 3% chikusetsusaponins isolated from P. japonicus rhizomes for 9 weeks. In the other, lipid emulsion with or without chikusetsusaponins was administered orally to male Wistar rats, and then the plasma triacylglycerol level was measured 0.5 to 5 h after the orally administered lipid emulsion. For in vitro experiments, the inhibitory effects of total chikusetsusaponins and various purified chikusetsusaponins on pancreatic lipase activity were determined by measuring the rate of release of oleic acid from triolein in an assay system using triolein emulsified with lecithin. Results Total chikusetsusaponins prevented the increases in body weight and parametrial adipose tissue weight induced by a high-fat diet. Furthermore, consumption of a high-fat diet containing 1 or 3% total chikusetsusaponins significantly increased the fecal content and triacylglycerol level at day 3 compared with the high-fat diet groups. Total chikusetsusaponins inhibited the elevation of the plasma triacylglycerol level 2 h after the oral administration of the lipid emulsion. Total chikusetsusaponins, chikusetsusaponin III, 28-deglucosyl-chikusetsusaponin IV and 28-deglucosyl-chikusetsusaponin V inhibited the pancreatic lipase activity. Conclusion The anti-obesity effects of chikusetsusaponins isolated from P. japonicus rhizomes in mice fed a high-fat diet may be partly mediated through delaying the

A proposal to define when combined cycle can be classified as a cogeneration plants; Proposta di definizione di impianto di cogenerazione a ciclo combinato

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Macchi, E. [Milan Politecnico, Milan (Italy)

1999-09-01

The recent decree on liberalization of the Italian electric market assigns to the authority for electric energy and natural gas the task of defining under which conditions a combined heat and power plant (CHP) obtains a significant primary energy saving when compared to separate productions. The present paper outlines and discusses the proposal made by a working group of CTI (Italian thermo-technical committee). The most significant features of the proposal are the following: i the use of IRE (Energy saving index), based upon net, annual energy production, certified by independent institutions; ii the adoption of an automatic procedure of yearly updating the reference performance related to conventional power generation, accounting for technology evolution; iii the assumption of a lower limit for the thermal/fuel energy ratio and iv correction procedures in case of usage of non-conventional fuels (municipal wastes, process gases, etc.) [Italian] Il recente decreto sulla liberalizzazione del mercato elettrico prevede che l'autorita per l'energie elettrica e il gas definisca le condizioni per cui un impianto di produzione combinata di energia elettrica e calore garantisce un significativo risparmio di energia rispetto alle produzioni separate. Nella presente nota viene descritta e commentata una proposta operativa avanzata da un gruppo di lavoro del Comitato Termotecnico Italiano (CTI). Elementi caratterizzanti la proposta sono: i) il riferimento all'indice IRE (indice di Risparmio di Energia primaria), valutato su prestazioni annue nette, a consuntivo e certificate da Enti indipendenti, ii) l'introduzione di un meccanismo automatico di revisione annuale di parametri di confronto relativi alla generazione separata che tenga conto dell'evoluzione tecnologica, iii) l'introduzione di un limite inferiore al rapporto fra la generazione di energia termica utile e l'energia introdotta con il combustibile e iv l'inserimento di

Radiotherapy alone in the treatment of uterine cervix cancer with telecobalt and low-dose-rate brachytherapy: retrospective analysis of results and variables

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferrigno, Robson; Campos de Oliveira Faria, Sergio Luis; Weltman, Eduardo; Salvajoli, Joao Victor; Segreto, Roberto Araujo; Pastore, Ayrton; Nadalin, Wladimir

2003-01-01

Purpose: This retrospective analysis aims to report results and variables from patients with cervix cancer treated by radiation therapy alone with telecobalt and low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDRB). Methods and Materials: Between September 1989 and September 1995, 190 patients with histologic diagnosis of cervix carcinoma were treated with telecobalt for external beam radiotherapy (EBR), followed by one or two insertions of LDRB. Stage distribution according to patients was the following: IB, 12; IIA, 4; IIB, 105; and IIIB, 69. Median dose of EBR at whole pelvis was 40 Gy, and median parametrial doses for Stages II and III patients were 50 Gy and 60 Gy, respectively. Median doses of LDRB at point A for patients treated with one and two insertions were 38 Gy and 50 Gy, respectively. Results: Median follow-up time was 70 months (range: 8-127 months). Overall survival, disease-free survival, and 5-year local control of patients at Stages I, II, and III were 83%, 78%, and 46%; 83%, 82%, and 49%; and 92%, 87%, and 58%, respectively. Overall incidence of late complications in the rectum, small bowel, and urinary tract was 15.3% (19/190), 4.2% (8/190), and 6.8% (13/190), respectively. The actuarial 5-year rectal, small bowel, and urinary incidence of late complications was 16.1%, 4.6%, and 7.6%, respectively. Clinical stage was the only significant variable for overall 5-year survival (p = 0.001), for disease-free survival (p=0.001), and for local control (p=0.001). Stage II patients more than 50 years old had better disease-free survival and local control at 5 years (p=0.004). None of the analyzed variables influenced the actuarial 5-year incidence of late complications. Conclusions: Results of this series suggest that the use of telecobalt equipment for EBR with doses up to 50 Gy at whole pelvis, prior to brachytherapy, is an acceptable technique for radiation therapy alone in the treatment of cervix cancer, especially in developing countries, including Brazil, where

Comparison and Consensus Guidelines for Delineation of Clinical Target Volume for CT- and MR-Based Brachytherapy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Viswanathan, Akila N.; Erickson, Beth; Gaffney, David K.; Beriwal, Sushil; Bhatia, Sudershan K.; Lee Burnett, Omer; D'Souza, David P.; Patil, Nikhilesh; Haddock, Michael G.; Jhingran, Anuja; Jones, Ellen L.; Kunos, Charles A.; Lee, Larissa J.; Lin, Lilie L.; Mayr, Nina A.; Petersen, Ivy; Petric, Primoz; Portelance, Lorraine; Small, William; Strauss, Jonathan B.

2014-01-01

Objective: To create and compare consensus clinical target volume (CTV) contours for computed tomography (CT) and 3-Tesla (3-T) magnetic resonance (MR) image-based cervical-cancer brachytherapy. Methods and Materials: Twenty-three experts in gynecologic radiation oncology contoured the same 3 cervical cancer brachytherapy cases: 1 stage IIB near-complete response (CR) case with a tandem and ovoid, 1 stage IIB partial response (PR) case with tandem and ovoid with needles, and 1 stage IB2 CR case with a tandem and ring applicator. The CT contours were completed before the MRI contours. These were analyzed for consistency and clarity of target delineation using an expectation maximization algorithm for simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE), with κ statistics as a measure of agreement between participants. The conformity index was calculated for each of the 6 data sets. Dice coefficients were generated to compare the CT and MR contours of the same case. Results: For all 3 cases, the mean tumor volume was smaller on MR than on CT (P<.001). The κ and conformity index estimates were slightly higher for CT, indicating a higher level of agreement on CT. The Dice coefficients were 89% for the stage IB2 case with a CR, 74% for the stage IIB case with a PR, and 57% for the stage IIB case with a CR. Conclusion: In a comparison of MR-contoured with CT-contoured CTV volumes, the higher level of agreement on CT may be due to the more distinct contrast medium visible on the images at the time of brachytherapy. MR at the time of brachytherapy may be of greatest benefit in patients with large tumors with parametrial extension that have a partial or complete response to external beam. On the basis of these results, a 95% consensus volume was generated for CT and for MR. Online contouring atlases are available for instruction at (http://www.nrgoncology.org/Resources/ContouringAtlases/GYNCervicalBrachytherapy.aspx)

Comparison and Consensus Guidelines for Delineation of Clinical Target Volume for CT- and MR-Based Brachytherapy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Viswanathan, Akila N., E-mail: aviswanathan@lroc.harvard.edu [Brigham and Women' s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (United States); Erickson, Beth [Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (United States); Gaffney, David K. [University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (United States); Beriwal, Sushil [University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (United States); Bhatia, Sudershan K. [University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (United States); Lee Burnett, Omer [University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (United States); D' Souza, David P.; Patil, Nikhilesh [London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, Ontario (Canada); Haddock, Michael G. [Mayo Medical Center, Rochester, Minnesota (United States); Jhingran, Anuja [University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Jones, Ellen L. [University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (United States); Kunos, Charles A. [Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (United States); Lee, Larissa J. [Brigham and Women' s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (United States); Lin, Lilie L. [University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (United States); Mayr, Nina A. [University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (United States); Petersen, Ivy [Mayo Medical Center, Rochester, Minnesota (United States); Petric, Primoz [Division of Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana (Slovenia); Department of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Doha (Qatar); Portelance, Lorraine [University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida (United States); Small, William [Loyola University Strich School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (United States); Strauss, Jonathan B. [The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (United States); and others

2014-10-01

Objective: To create and compare consensus clinical target volume (CTV) contours for computed tomography (CT) and 3-Tesla (3-T) magnetic resonance (MR) image-based cervical-cancer brachytherapy. Methods and Materials: Twenty-three experts in gynecologic radiation oncology contoured the same 3 cervical cancer brachytherapy cases: 1 stage IIB near-complete response (CR) case with a tandem and ovoid, 1 stage IIB partial response (PR) case with tandem and ovoid with needles, and 1 stage IB2 CR case with a tandem and ring applicator. The CT contours were completed before the MRI contours. These were analyzed for consistency and clarity of target delineation using an expectation maximization algorithm for simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE), with κ statistics as a measure of agreement between participants. The conformity index was calculated for each of the 6 data sets. Dice coefficients were generated to compare the CT and MR contours of the same case. Results: For all 3 cases, the mean tumor volume was smaller on MR than on CT (P<.001). The κ and conformity index estimates were slightly higher for CT, indicating a higher level of agreement on CT. The Dice coefficients were 89% for the stage IB2 case with a CR, 74% for the stage IIB case with a PR, and 57% for the stage IIB case with a CR. Conclusion: In a comparison of MR-contoured with CT-contoured CTV volumes, the higher level of agreement on CT may be due to the more distinct contrast medium visible on the images at the time of brachytherapy. MR at the time of brachytherapy may be of greatest benefit in patients with large tumors with parametrial extension that have a partial or complete response to external beam. On the basis of these results, a 95% consensus volume was generated for CT and for MR. Online contouring atlases are available for instruction at (http://www.nrgoncology.org/Resources/ContouringAtlases/GYNCervicalBrachytherapy.aspx)

Endemics under threat: an assessment of the conservation status of Cuban bats

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Carlos Mancina

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Reviewing available information from published literature, museum database, personal communications and from the authors own field data, the conservation status of Cuban bats has been assessed using six qualitative parameters: abundance, distribution, roosting habits, aggregation level, forest dependence, and degree of endemism. The resulting Red List is analogous to that of the IUCN, species having been included in four categories of risk. Four out of the 26 extant bats of Cuba should be considered endangered, four vulnerable to extinction, twelve potentially threatened, and six in a stable situation. Most of the species of bats endemic to Cuba are under some form of threat. The major threats to the survival of Cuban bats are the destruction of forests and the modification of caves, the latter being critical habitats for the mostly cave-dwelling Cuban bat fauna. We argue that its conservation should be the result of a cooperative effort promoting research and habitat management. Riassunto Endemismi minacciati: una valutazione dello stato di conservazione dei chirotteri cubani. Lo stato di conservazione dei chirotteri cubani è stato valutato a partire da sei parametri qualitativi: abbondanza, distribuzione, roost utilizzati, livello di aggregazione, dipendenza da ambienti forestali e grado di endemismo. A questo scopo sono state esaminate le informazioni bibliografiche, i database dei musei e dati non pubblicati, in parte raccolti dagli stessi autori. La Lista Rossa risultante è analoga a quella dell’IUCN, comprendendo quattro categorie di rischio crescente. Delle 26 specie attualmente presenti a Cuba, 4 sono da considerarsi in pericolo di estinzione, 4 "vulnerabili", 12 "potenzialmente minacciate" e 6 "stabili". La maggior parte delle specie endemiche è in qualche misura minacciata. La deforestazione e l’alterazione delle cavità carsiche, che costituiscono un habitat

Sieropositivitá per HIV, HBV e HCV negli utenti del Servizio di Tossicodipendenza di Formia (ASL di Latina

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G. La Torre

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

Obiettivi: valutare la prevalenza sieropositività per HIV, HBV e HCV nei tossicodipendenti afferenti al Ser.T di Formia (LT.

Materiali e metodi: sono state consultate le cartelle cliniche degli afferenti al Ser.T. nel 2002, estraendo dati relativi ai parametri socio-demografici ed alle sieropositività. L’analisi statistica ha previsto l’impiego del test del χ2 e della regressione logistica multipla.

Risultati: sono stati presi in considerazione 135 tossicodipendenti, di cui 103 (76.3% maschi e 32 (23.7% femmine. L’età mediana dell’inizio della tossicodipendenza e della presa in carico presso il servizio erano, rispettivamente, di 18 e di 23 anni. Il 94.1% dei tossicodipendenti risulta dipendente primariamente da eroina, il 5.2% da cocaina e lo 0.7% da alcol. Relativamente alle positività per i virus considerati, 7 soggetti (5.2% sono risultati positivi all’HIV, 23 (17% sieropositivi per HBV e 50 (37% sieropositivi per HCV. L’analisi multivariata mostra che sono associate alla sieropositività per HCV la sieropositività per HBV (OR = 3.87 e l’età della presa in carico presso il servizio superiore a 25 anni (OR = 1.88; alla sieropositività per HBV l’occupazione saltuaria (OR = 4.58, la HCV positività (OR = 4.41 e la HIV positività (OR = 5.39; alla sieropositività per HIV l’età della presa in carico presso il servizio superiore a 25 anni (OR = 4.94.

Discussione: l’indagine ha messo in evidenza prevalenze di sieropositività per HCV, HBV e HIV decisamente inferiori a quelle registrate in altre realtà italiane ed internazionali. Una possibile spiegazione potrebbe essere ricercata nei bassi livelli di sieropositività per questi virus nella popolazione generale del Basso Lazio, o nella scarsa abitudine di scambiarsi le siringhe fra tossicodipendenti di questa area geografica.

Investigations of Geosynthetic Interlayer Bonding in Asphalt Layers / Badania Połaczen Miedzywarstwowych W Warstwach Asfaltowych Z Geosyntetykiem

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Zielinski P.

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Problem zwiazania miedzywarstwowego jest jednym z powazniejszych problemów wykonawczych w budowie nawierzchni asfaltowych, zwłaszcza w sytuacji zastosowania geosyntetyków, które sa bardzo wrazliwe na błedy aplikacji. Brak zapewnienia dobrego połaczenia warstw skutkuje zmniejszeniem trwałosci całej konstrukcji nawierzchni. Problemem badawczym jest wiec okreslenie jak spadek połaczenia warstw wpływa na trwałosc zmeczeniowa konstrukcji nawierzchni. Badania takie zostały wykonane w ramach 2 grantów badawczych, natomiast niniejszy artykuł prezentuje tylko czesc dotyczaca badan połaczen miedzywarstwowych. Badania te zostały wykonane metoda scinania opracowana na Politechnice Krakowskiej, w dwóch wybranych temperaturach tj. -2°C i + 25°C. Jako czynniki determinujace sczepnosc miedzywarstwowa przebadano wpływy rodzaju geosyntetyku, rodzaju lepiszcza stosowanego do połaczenia warstw, rodzaju mieszanki mineralno-asfaltowej a takze ilosci lepiszcza stosowanej do skropienia miedzywarstwowego. Istotnosc wpływów poszczególnych czynników na parametry zwiazania miedzywarstwowego okreslono z wykorzystaniem metod statystycznych z zastosowaniem programu Statgraphics Plus v.5.1. Stwierdzono pozytywny wpływ zastosowania geosyntetyków wstepnie impregnowanych srodkiem adhezyjnym, jako lepiszcze do nasycania i przyklejania geosyntetyku najbardziej efektywny okazał sie asfalt na goraco badz emulsja modyfikowana, stosowanie emulsji niemodyfikowanych dało gorsze rezultaty. Bardzo istotny okazał sie wpływ ilosci lepiszcza stosowanego do nasycania i przyklejania geosyntetyków. Wykazano, ze dla kazdego rodzaju warstwy posredniej istnieje optymalna ilosc skropienia miedzywarstwowego, przy której wytrzymałosc na scinanie i sztywnosc scinania jest najwieksza. Zarówno zwiekszenie jak i zmniejszenie tej ilosci lepiszcza powoduje spadek parametrów zwiazania miedzywarstwowego. W aspekcie praktycznym wyniki te pokazuja koniecznosc indywidualnego

Jakość życia zależna od zdrowia u pacjentów z reumatoidalnym zapaleniem stawów

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Aleksandra Kapała

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Celem związanym z leczeniem reumatoidalnego zapalenia stawów(RZS jest poprawa zdrowia w wymiarze fizycznym, społecznym i psychicznymoraz dbałość o jakość życia zależną od zdrowia. Celembadania była analiza jakości życia zależnej od zdrowia (health-relatedquality of life – HRQoL pacjentów hospitalizowanych z powoduzaostrzenia RZS z uwzględnieniem chorób współistniejącychi wybranych parametrów biochemicznych. W badaniu brało udział 51osób, 42 kobiety i 9 mężczyzn. Średnia wieku wynosiła 62,5 roku (SD±12,6. Analizę HRQoL wykonano z użyciem kwestionariusza SF-36.Wyniki badania wykazały istotny statystycznie związek wybranychskal SF-36 z parametrami demograficznymi (starszy wiek, płeć żeńska,klinicznymi (czas trwania RZS, obecność choroby niedokrwiennejserca, osteoporozy, złamań patologicznych w przebiegu osteoporozy,choroby zwyrodnieniowej stawów, nowotworów złośliwych, biochemicznymi(OB, CRP, GFR, Hb, albuminy osocza i wizualną skaląanalogową (visual analogue scale – VAS. Nie wykazano istotnegostatystycznie związku pomiarów HRQoL z takimi zmiennymi, jakobecność cukrzycy, stężenie białek osocza, wskaźnik aktywnościchoroby (DAS28, wskaźnik masy ciała (body mass index – BMI.Dodatkowo przeprowadzono analizę psychometryczną stosowanegoinstrumentu oceny HRQoL – SF-36, gdzie potwierdzono jego rzetelnośćoraz dobre parametry trafności, co wskazuje na przydatnośćtego instrumentu do oceny HRQoL u pacjentów z RZS. Otrzymanewyniki mogą być pomocne w dalszych badaniach nad HRQoL pacjentówz RZS i podejmowaniu decyzji ukierunkowanych na poprawęjakości życia.

Z problematyki polskich i słoweńskich analityzmów kauzatywnych z parafrazą przymiotnikową

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agnieszka Zatorska

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Some remarks on Polish and Slovene analytic causatives paraphrased by adjectives The article is devoted to the analytic causative predicates. The data is collected from Polish and Slovene. The basic methodological device is a paraphrase which obligatorily includes an adjective. Special attention is paid to operator verbs, which often have their own semantic features. Some of them are verbs of transfer, others – verbs of motion. In most cases, however, they are causatives which denote change of features. Apart from the basic causative category, the material is classified according to its semantic features, including especially inchoativeness, terminativeness and restorativeness. In conclusion it is emphasized that analytic causatives show their semantic parameters more explicitly than is the case with verbal units and that they demonstrate considerable semantic condensity.   Z problematyki polskich i słoweńskich analityzmów kauzatywnych z parafrazą przymiotnikową Artykuł dotyczy analitycznych realizacji predykatu kauzatywnego. Materiał obejmuje przykłady z języków polskiego i słoweńskiego. Podstawowym narzędziem badawczym jest parafraza, która obligatoryjnie zawiera przymiotnik. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na czasowniki operatorowe, które często mają samodzielne zna­czenie. Niektóre z nich są czasownikami transferu, inne – czasownikami ruchu. Jednakże wiele z nich to także kauzatywa, określające zmianę cechy. Oprócz nadrzędnej kategorii kauzatywnej badane kauzatywa zostały poklasyfikowane ze względu na kategorię inchoatywności, terminatywności, restauratywności. We wnioskach podkreślono, że konstrukcje analityczne bardziej eksplicytnie niż jednostki werbalne ujawniają w swej budowie parametry semantyczne, jak również to, że charakterystyczna jest dla nich duża kondensacja semantyczna.

The ZEB1 Transcription Factor Is a Novel Repressor of Adiposity in Female Mice

Science.gov (United States)

Saykally, Jessica N.; Dogan, Soner; Cleary, Margot P.; Sanders, Michel M.

2009-01-01

Background Four genome-wide association studies mapped an “obesity” gene to human chromosome 10p11–12. As the zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) transcription factor is encoded by the TCF8 gene located in that region, and as it influences the differentiation of various mesodermal lineages, we hypothesized that ZEB1 might also modulate adiposity. The goal of these studies was to test that hypothesis in mice. Methodology/Principal Findings To ascertain whether fat accumulation affects ZEB1 expression, female C57BL/6 mice were fed a regular chow diet (RCD) ad libitum or a 25% calorie-restricted diet from 2.5 to 18.3 months of age. ZEB1 mRNA levels in parametrial fat were six to ten times higher in the obese mice. To determine directly whether ZEB1 affects adiposity, wild type (WT) mice and mice heterozygous for TCF8 (TCF8+/−) were fed an RCD or a high-fat diet (HFD) (60% calories from fat). By two months of age on an HFD and three months on an RCD, TCF8+/− mice were heavier than WT controls, which was attributed by Echo MRI to increased fat mass (at three months on an HFD: 0.517±0.081 total fat/lean mass versus 0.313±0.036; at three months on an RCD: 0.175±0.013 versus 0.124±0.012). No differences were observed in food uptake or physical activity, suggesting that the genotypes differ in some aspect of their metabolic activity. ZEB1 expression also increases during adipogenesis in cell culture. Conclusion/Significance These results show for the first time that the ZEB1 transcription factor regulates the accumulation of adipose tissue. Furthermore, they corroborate the genome-wide association studies that mapped an “obesity” gene at chromosome 10p11–12. PMID:20041147

Experimental studies of some of the physical features of beryllium-moderated intermediate reactors; Etude experimentale de quelques particularites physiques des reacteurs a neutrons intermediaires, ralentis au beryllium; Ehksperimental'ny e issledovaniya nekotorykh fizicheskikh osobennostej promezhutochnykh reaktorov s berillievym zamedlitelem; Estudios experimentales de algunas caracteristicas fisicas de los reactores intermedios moderados con berilio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lejpunskij, A I; Kuznetsov, V A; Artyukhov, G Ya; Mogil' ner, A I; Prokhorov, Yu A; Steklovski, V M; Chernov, L A [Akademiya Nauk, Moskva, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian Federation)

1962-03-15

la evaluacion de la eficacia de los cilindros compensadores giratorios distribuidos en el limite entre el cuerpo y el reflector. (author) [Russian] Doklad posvyashchen obzoru nekotorykh ehksperimen-tal'nykh rezul'tatov, poluchennykh na stende PF-4, prednaznachennom dlya detal'nogo issledovaniya fizicheskikh osobennostej reaktorov, rabotayushchikh na nejtronakh promezhutochnykh ehnergij. Aktivnye zony i otrazhateli razlichnykh kriticheskikh sborok predstavlyali soboj plotnuyu upakovku stal'nykh ili alyuminievykh trub, v kotorykh pomeshchalis' diski iz razlichnykh materialov. Kombinatsiya diskov urana (90%-nogo obogashcheniya) i zamedlyayushchikh materialov v razlichnoj proportsii, a takzhe vvedenie v otrazhatel' zamedlyayushchikh sloev razlichnoj tolshchiny, pozvolilo menyat' spektr nejtronov, proizvodyashchikh delenie, v ochen' shirokikh predelakh. V doklade privedeno opisanie stenda i ego otdel'nykh uzlov. Analiziruetsya sravnitel'naya ehffektivnost' vnutrennego i vneshnego zamedleniya dlya reaktorov s ochen'malym otnosheniem yader zamedlitelya i urana v aktivnoj zone. Ehksperimenty pokazyvayut, chto dazhe v sluchae tolstykh zamedlyayushchikh otrazhatelej maloe razbavlenie urana zamedlitelem (otnoshenie yader berilliya i urana-235 {partial_derivative}Be/{partial_derivative}U{sup 235}{approx_equal}1) privodit k vozrastaniyu kriticheskoj massy. Znachitel'noe mesto v doklade udeleno analizu geterogennykh ehffektov v promezhutochnykh reaktorakh. Pokazano, chto dlya reaktora s {partial_derivative}Be/{partial_derivative}U{sup 235}= 30+40, vysokoobogashchenny j uran v razlichnykh tolshchinakh ot 0,023 g/sm{sup 2} do 32 g/sm{sup 2} okazyvaet odinakovoe vliyanie na reaktiv-nost' sistemy. Analiziruyutsya prichiny, privodyashchie k kompensatsii ehffekta ehkranirovki nejtronnogo potoka tolstymi sloyami urana. V doklade privoditsya interesnyj fakt vozrastaniya ehffektivnosti urana vblizi po- gloshchayushchikh sterzhnej, ehksperimental'n o obnaruzhennyj v sbor kes {partial

Liver Scanning with Colloidal Radiogold; Exploration du foie a l'aide de l'or radioactif colloidal; Issledovanie pecheni pri pomoshchi radioaktivnogo kolloidal'nogo zolota; Exploracion del higado con oro coloidal radiactivo

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Donato, L; Becchini, M F; Panichi, S [Centro di Medicina Nucleate, University of Pisa (Italy)

1959-07-01

esquemas anatomico y funcional. (author) [Russian] Avtory soobshchayut o svoem opyte v ispol'zovanii kolloidal'nog o zolota Ah{sup 198} dlya issledovaniya pecheni. Dlya polucheniya chetkogo razgranicheniya pecheni ot sosednikh organov i okru-zhayushchikh tkanej obychno trebuetsya doza mechenykh ehlementov, sootvetstvuyushcha ya 2,5 {mu}C/Kg. Vsya protsedura issledovaniya, kotoraya nachinaetsya cherez 30 minut posle vnutrivennogo vspryskivaniya, zanimaet okolo 90 minut pri ispol'zovanii polnost'yu avtomaticheskoj apparatury. Verkhnie i bokovye kontury pecheni obychno luchshe razlichayutsya chem nizhnie. Ispol'zovanie fokusiruyushchi kh kollimatorov (poristogo tipa) znachitel'no uluchshaet poluchaemye rezul'taty. V obychnykh usloviyakh pechen' yavlyaetsya edinstvennym organom, kotoryj chetko viden na ehkrane. V nekotorykh sluchayakh pri splenomegalii i tsirroza pecheni mozhno krome togo videt' i selezenku, veroyatno v svyazi s sokrashcheniem retikulo-ehndotelialyyuj sistemy pecheni. Sudya po priobretennomu avtorami opytu, dannyj metod ves'ma maloehffektive n dlya opredeleniya nebol'shikh metastazov pecheni, kotorye ne izmenyayut ob{sup e}ma i Formy poslednej. Dazhe v sluchayakh podtverzhdennog o operatsiej nalichiya mnozhestva razbrosannykh melkikh uzelkov metastaticheskog o kharaktera issledovaniya ehtim metodom dali neyasnye rezul'taty. Ispol'zovanie radioaktivnog o zolota-198 mozhet v sluchayakh rasseyannogo ili zonal'nogo rasshireniya - nezavisimo ot prichiny - sposobstvovat' vyyasnesho, vyzvany li ehti izmeneniya rasshireniem normal'no funktsioniruyushche j tkani ili zhe nalichem v tkani pecheni patologicheski kh obrazovanij. Ochen' udalnym okazalos' sochetanie radioizotopnog o issledovaniya pecheni s issledovaniem ee konturov rentgenovskimi luchami posle provedeniya pnevmoperitoneuma, tak kak ono pozvolyaet provesti sravnenie mezhdu anatomicheskim i funktsional'ny m sostoyaniem dannogo organa. Kontury, poluchaemye na stsintigrammakh i na rentgenovskikh snimkakh

Techniques of Large Scale Processing of Counting Data; Les techniques d'exploitation a grande echelle des donnees de comptage; Tekhnika obrabotki dannykh izmerenij, provodyashchejsya v bol'shikh masshtabakh; Tecnicas de tratamiento en gran escala de los datos obtenidos en el recuento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manov, G G; Eads, D L [Reactor Monitoring Center, Tracerlab Inc., Richmond, CA (United States)

1960-06-15

. (author) [Russian] Problemy, s kotorymi stalkivaetsya lyubaya laboratoriya, vypolnyayushchaya v god okolo 10 000 analizov radioaktivnykh izotopov, trebuyushchikh vysokoj stepeni tochnosti, krome neobkhodimost i priderzhivat's ya absolyutnoj standartizatsii, vyzyvayut spetsial'nuyu potrebnost' v materialakh, otnosyashchikhsya k nakopleniyu i obrabotke dannykh izmerenij. Tipichnye izmereniya vklyuchayut: izluchateli a{alpha}-chastits i mnogokanal'ny j amplitudnyj analizator impul'sov, otschet{beta}-izluchenij na 2 {pi} i 4 {pi}, registratsiyu sovpadenij {beta}-{gamma} izluchenij. Poleznoe ispol'zovanie priborov dlya izmereniya aktivnosti maloj moshchnosti dostigaetsya s pomoshch'yu tekhniki perekhoda na mnogokratnost ' s nakopleniem na magintnoj lente i s pomoshch'yu fotoehlementa. Arifmeticheski e oshibki i osobenno te, kotorye svyazany s perestanovkoj tsifr, fakticheski ustranyayutsya s pomoshch'yu ehlektronnykh schetnykh priborov. V odnoj iz tipichnykh operatsij v otneshenii smesi izvestnykh izotopov dannye po izmereniyam napravlyayutsya na mashinu, kotoraya pechataet otvet na ehlektricheskoj pishushchej mashinke. Sootvetstvenn o rezul'taty, esli oni dayutsya so spektrometra, mogut avtomaticheski nanosit'sya na osi koordinat dlya dal'nejshego analiza. Daetsya blok-skhema, illyustriruyushchaya posledovatel'nost ' predprinimaemy kh operatsij. Popravki na raspad mogut legko byt' sdelany posredstvom primeneniya dlya podschetov vmesto goda po Gregorianskom u kalendaryu takogo goda, v kotorom schet dnej nachinaetsya v polnoch' s 31 dekabrya na 1 yanvarya po grinvicheskomu standartnomu vremeni. Naprimer: 17-mu iyulya 1959 goda, 3 chasam 05 min. dnya po tikhookeanskom u dnevnomu vremeni po takoj sisteme budet sootvetstvovat ' 198, 920 dnya, a 2 ch. 30 m. dnya 16-go oktyabrya 1959 goda po Venskomu vremeni budet sootvetstvovat ' 289, 854 dnya. Ochevidny preimushchestva takogo metoda podscheta vsledstvie poyavlyayushchejsya vozmozhnosti skladyvat', vychitat', umnozhat' i delit

Latitudinal effect in the transport of radiocarbon from stratosphere to troposphere; Eflet de la latitude sur le transport du radiocarbone de la stratosphere a la troposphere; Vliyanie geograficheskoj shiroty na peremeshchenie radioaktivnogo ugleroda iz stratosfery v troposferu; Efecto de la latitud sobre el transporte del carbono radiactivo de la estratosfera a la troposfera

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Tauber, Henrik [Carbon-14 Dating Laboratory, Dept. of Natural Sciences, National Museum, Copenhagen (Denmark)

1962-01-15

que se observan en los anillos concentricos de los arboles de los ultimos 1300 anos. (author) [Russian] Bol'shoe kolichestvo vydelennogo vzryvami bomb ugleroda-14 (priblizitel'no 3 Mc), kotoryj byl vybroshen glavnym obrazom v stratosferu, daet vozmozhnost' issledovat' puti pereneseniya uglekislogo gaza iz stratosfery v troposferu, a takzhe opredelit' vremya smeshivaniya v stratosfere i v troposfere. EHto dostigaetsya putem zamera tempa uvelicheniya soderzhaniya C{sup 14} v atmosfernom CO{sub 2} i v tkanyakh rastenij. Takie zamery sushchestvuyut dlya mnogikh mest. Izmerenie kolichestva ugleroda-14 na khlebnykh zlakakh v Danii pokazalo, chto v Danii za 1958-59 gg. soderzhanie S14 uvelichilos' na mnogo protsentov bol'she, chem srednee uvelichenie dlya vsego zapadnogo polushariya. K letu 1959 goda soderzhanie C{sup 14} prevysilo na 33% uroven' 1954 goda. Znachitel'nye uvelicheniya soderzhaniya C{sup 14} v 1958 i 1959 godakh, veroyatno, yavlyayutsya parallel'yu s pikovym vypadeniem strontsiya-90, obnaruzhennogo vesnoyu v te zhe samye gody v severnoj umerennoj zone. Prevyshenie soderzhaniya C{sup 14} v datskikh zlakakh svyshe urovnya dlya vsego zapadnogo polushariya zastavlyaet dumat', chto zagryaznenie C{sup 14} izmenyaetsya v zavisimosti ot geograficheskoj shiroty. EHto sootvetstvuet zaklyucheniyam, svyazannym s vypadeniem chastits, kotorye pri- nosyatsya iz stratosfery analogichnym tsirkulyatsionnym mekhanizmom. Takoe vozdejstvie geograficheskoj shiroty daet vozmozhnost' prosledit' puti pereneseniya radioaktivnogo ugleroda iz stratosfery v troposferu putem neposredstvennogo zamera aktivnosti C{sup 14} troposfericheskogo CO{sub 2} iz tselogo ryada obraztsov, sobiraemykh na shiroko rasseyannoj seti stantsij. V doklade daetsya otsenka masshtaba vozmozhnogo vozdejstviya geograficheskoj shiroty v otnoshenii ustojchivogo polozheniya do vzryva bomby. EHto vozdejstvie mozhet yavit'sya chast'yu ob{sup y}asneniya kratkosrochnykh ostsillyatsij v aktivnosti ugleroda-14

Effect of dose rate on irreversible changes of electric parameters of power cables for nuclear power plants; Vliyanie moshchnosti dozy na neobratimye izmeneniya ehlektricheskikh paramet rov silovykh kabelej dlya yadernykh ehnergetricheskikh ustanovok

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Filatov, N I

1994-12-31

Results of an experimental investigation into an irreversible change of insulation resistance, capacitance and tangent of force cable dielectric loss angle under effect of continuous gamma radiation within the certain dose range are presented. In cables with polyethylene insulation dependence of the critical dose on the dose rate in the range investigated is in the for of the function degrees with a degree index of approximately 0.7.

Installation for Studying the Scattering of Cold Neutrons; Installation pour l'etude de la diffusion des neutrons thermiques; Ustanovka dlya izucheniya rasseyaniya kholodnykh nejtronov; Instalacion para estudiar la dispersion de neutrones frios

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Golikov, V V; Shapiro, F L; Shkatula, A; Yanik, E A [Ob' edinennyj institut yadernykh issledovanij, Dubna, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian Federation)

1963-01-15

Using the pulsed fut reactor in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, an installation was set up to investigate the spectrometry of cold neutrons. The moderator, adjoining the reactor reflector, and the beryllium filter were at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The scatterer, located at a distance of about 0. 6 m from the moderator, was irradiated by flashes of cold neutrons, whose duration was determined by the lifetime of the neutrons in the moderator and the dispersion of the times-of-flight over a distance of 0. 6 m. The frequency of the flashes was 8/s. The steep beryllium edge of the spectrum, lying around 200 {mu}s, was used for spectrometry in the quasi-elastic range. The energy of the scattered neutrons was determined by the time-of-flight over the distance between scatterer and detector, which was about 10-40 m. ZnS + 10{sub 2}{sup 10} O{sub 3} scintillation detectors with surfaces of 300 and 2 000 cm{sup 2} were used and the efficiency, for fast neutrons, was about 60%. (author) [French] A l'aide du reacteur a flux pulse de neutrons rapides de l'Institut unifie de recherches nucleaires, les auteurs ont mis au point une installation pour la spectrometrie des neutrons thermiques. Le ralentisseur contigu au reflecteur du reacteur et le filtre deberyllium sont maintenus a la temperature de l'azote liquide. Le diffuseur, place a environ 60 cm du ralentisseur, est irradie par une bouffee de neutrons thermiques dont la duree est determinee par la vie moyenne des neutrons dans le ralentisseur et par l'etalement des temps de vol necessaires pour parcourir la distance de 60 cm. La frequence des bouffees est de 8/s. Pour la spectrometrie dans la region quasi-elastique, on utilise la bande en bordure du spectre qui correspond au beryllium et s'etale sur environ 200 {mu}s. L'energie des neutrons diffuses est determinee par la duree du parcours entre le diffuseur et le detecteur. Les auteurs ont utilise des detecteurs a scintillation a ZnS + 10{sub 2}{sup 10} O{sup 3} ayant des surfaces de 300 et 2 000 cm{sup 2} et dont l'efficacite a l'egard des neutrons thermique: est d'environ 60%. (author) [Spanish] En el reactor rapido pulsante del Instituto Central de Investigaciones Nucleares se instalo un espectrometro para neutrones frios. El moderador, contiguo al reflector del reactor, y el filtro de berilio se mantienen a la temperatura del nitrogeno liquido. El difusor, situado a unos 0,6 m del moderador, se irradia con rafagas de neutrones frios, cuya duracion se determina em funcion de la vida de los neutrones en el moderador y de la dispersion de los tiempos de vuelo en una distancia de 0,6 m. La frecuencia de las rafagas es de 8 por segundo. Para la espectrometria en la region cuasielastica, se utiliza la variacion brusca del espectro del berilio, que es de unos 200 {mu}s. La enetgia de los neutrones dispersados se determina por el tiempo de vuelo en la distancia que media entre el difusor y el detector, a saber, 10 a 40 m. Los autores utilizan detectores de centelleo a base de ZnS + 10{sub 2}{sup 10} O{sub 3} de una superficie comprendida entre 300 y 2000 cm{sup 2}, y cuya eficacia respecto de los neutrones termicos, es del orden de 60%. (author)

The software application CyclSyntWin for synthesis and optimization of the magnetic structures and magnet of cyclotrons; Programmnoe prilozhenie CyclSyntWin dlya sinteza i optimizatsii magnitnykh struktur i magnitov tsiklotronov

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Franko, J.; Gulbekian, G. G.; Ivanenko, I. A.

2014-07-01

The Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna, is engaged in the development and creation of new cyclotrons. In the initial phase of development it is necessary in a relatively short period of time to analyze several variants for their magnetic structures. The paper deals with the software application CyclSyntWin developed at the Laboratory, which allows one to pre-analyze several variants and determine the basic physical and geometrical parameters of the magnetic structure and the cyclotron magnet. In this way, the data can then be used in the 3D software applications, which greatly speeds up the process of the final synthesis of the magnetic structure and a cyclotron magnet. Software application CyclSyntWin can synthesize and optimize the magnetic structures of cyclotrons with straight and spiral sectors, close to azimuthally symmetric ones. The ratio of the air gaps in the valley and in the sectors area should not exceed 25, the angle of the spiral sector shall not be greater than 40 degrees, and the average magnetic field is no more than 2 T [Russian] Лаборатория ядерных реакций ОИЯИ (Дубна) занимается разработкой и созданием новых циклотронов. В начальной фазе таких разработок необходимо за относительно короткое время проанализировать несколько вариантов их магнитных структур. В работе рассматривается разработанное в лаборатории программное приложение CyclSyntWin, которое позволяет предварительно проанализировать несколько вариантов и определить основные физические и геометрические параметры магнитной структуры, а также самого магнита циклотрона. Таким способом полученные данные могут быть в дальнейшем использованы в 3D-программных приложениях, что существенно ускоряет процесс финального синтеза магнитной структуры и магнита циклотрона. Программным приложением CyclSyntWin можно синтезировать и оптимизировать магнитные структуры циклотронов с прямыми и спиральными секторами, близкие азимутально-симметричным. Отношение их воздушных зазоров в долине и в районе секторов не должно превышать значения 25, угол спиральных секторов не должен быть больше 40° и среднее магнитное поле не более 2 Тл.

Neutron activation analysis of ancient silver coins; Analyse d'anciennes pieces d'argent par activation neutronique; Nejtronozyj aktivatsionnyj analiz starinnykh serebryanykh monet; Analisis de antiguas monedas de plata por activacion neutronica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aitken, Martin J; Emeleus, Vera M; Hall, Edward T [Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford (United Kingdom); Kraay, Colin M [Heberden Coin Room, Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford (United Kingdom)

1962-01-15

ehry bylo opredeleno pri pomoshchi gamma-spektrometra posle nejtronnoj aktivatsii monet. Byli izucheny monety vos'mi gorodov i korolevstv. V razlichnykh gruppakh monet v srednem soderzhalos' zolota ot 0,02 % do 0,3 % i medi 0,1 % do 10 %. Byli polucheny dokazatel'stva torgovykh svyazej, prednamerennogo obestsenivaniya monet, a takzhe bylo obnaruzheno neskol'ko poserebrennykh monet, o chem ranee ne podozrevali. Soderzhanie zolota v monetakh opredelyalos' posredstvom izmereniya intensivnosti gamma-luchej (0,411 mehv) ot zolota-198 (2,96 dnej), soderzhanie medi - s pomoshch'yu izmereniya izlucheniya pozitronnoj annigilyatsii (0,511 mehv) ot medi-64 (12,8 chasov), a soderzhanie serebra - posredstvom izmereniya intensivnosti gamma-luchej (0,884 mehv) ot serebra- 110t (253 dnya). Dlya proverki identichnosti provodilis' izmereniya radioaktivnogo raspada. Metod ispol'zovaniya krivykh obshchego gamma-aktivnogo raspada sam po sebe yavlyaetsya nedostatochno chuvstvitel'nym. Dlya bolee tochnoj raboty podcherkivaetsya vazhnost' primeneniya priblizitel'no tochnykh standartov. (author)

A modification of the method for determining current efficiency of aluminium electrolytic cells; Modification de la methode permettant de determiner le rendement des cuves dans la production d'aluminium par electrolyse; Izmenenie metoda opredeleniya ehffektivnosti toka v alyuminievykh ehlektroliticheskikh bakakh; Modificacion del metodo para determinar el rendimiento de las celdas utilizadas en la produccion de aluminio por electrolisis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pradzynski, A [Institute of Basic Technical Problems, Polish Academy of Sciences. Warsaw (Poland); Orman, Z [Institute of Nonferrous Metals, Gliwice (Poland)

1962-01-15

alyuminievykh pechakh, opisannyj vpervye REMPELEM i dr., byl usovershenstvovan BOZUKI i dr. pri pomoshchi ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnogo izotopa zolota Au{sup 198}. Pri provedenii upomyanutogo issledovaniya byli izgotovleny obraztsy splavov alyuminiya s zolotom Au{sup 198}, i proby ehtikh obraztsov s vysokoj udel'noj aktivnost'yu byli izmereny pri pomoshchi schetchika Gejgera-Myullera so svintsovym poglotitelem, vstavlennym mezhdu schetchikom i proboj. Udel'naya aktivnost' obraztsa splava byla izmerena posle razbavleniya ego opredelennym kolichestvom chistogo alyuminiya. Takim obrazom proby razbavlennogo splava i proby, vzyatye iz ehlektroliticheskogo baka, imeli udel'nuyu aktivnost' togo zhe poryadka velichiny i mogli izmeryat'sya bez vsyakogo poglotitelya. Dlya togo, chtoby oblegchit' primenenie ehtogo metoda na alyuminievom zavode i vo izbezhanie vsyakikh ogranichenij i opasnosti, svyazannykh s obrashcheniem s otkrytymi radioaktivnymi istochnikami vne osobykh laboratorij, prednaznachennykh dlya issledovaniya radioaktivnykh izotopov, byl ispol'zovan radioaktivatsionnyj analiz. K obraztsu splava, a takzhe i v nakhodyashchuyusya v ehlektroliticheskom bake plavil'nuyu vannu bylo dobavleno neaktivirovannoe zoloto. Kontsentratsiya zolota kak v obraztsakh splava, tak i v plavil'noj smesi byla zatem izmerena posle oblucheniya prob v yadernom reaktore. (author)

Study of reactions of metals with sulphur and phosphorus compounds by pulsed temperatures; Etude des reactions entre metaux et composes du soufre et du phosphore au moyen de brusques hausses de temperature; Issledovanie reaktsii metallov s soedineniyami sery i fosfora pri regulyarnykh izmeneniyakh temperatury; Estudio de reacciones entre metales y compuestos de azufre y de fosforo empleando impulsos de temperatura

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Campbell, R B; Grunberg, L [National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, Glasgow (United Kingdom)

1962-01-15

, los autores han tenido en cuenta la estructura de los materiales empleados y los procesos de difusion a los que se debe el progreso de la reaccion una vez iniciada esta. (author) [Russian] Protivoiznosnoe dejstvie sernykh i fosfornykh soedinenij, kotorye obychno dobavlyayutsya k mashinnym maslam, zavisit ot khimicheskikh reaktsij s metallicheskimi poverkhnostyami shesterenok. EHti reaktsii imeyut mesto kak pri osnovnoj temperature masel (primerno 100 Degree-Sign C), tak i pri vysokikh temperaturakh (priblizitel'no 600 Degree-Sign C) v techenie nebol'shogo promezhutka vremeni, kogda zubtsy shesterenok vstupayut vo vzai-modejstvie pod nagruzkoj. Temperaturnye izmeneniya sozdavalis' v apparate, v kotorom korotkie impul'sy ehlektrotoka ispol'zovalis' dlya nagrevaniya metallicheskikh provodov, pogruzhennykh v mineral'noe maslo, soderzhashchee v rastvore mechenye soedineniya sery-35 i fosfora-32. Zameryalas' voznikavshaya v provodakh radioaktivnost'. Stepen' reaktsii opredelyalas' kak funktsiya temperatury i vremeni. Rezul'taty reaktsii vyrazhalis' posredstvom osnovnykh zakonov kinetiki. Izucheniyu podverglis' voprosy izmeneniya skorosti reaktsii v zavisimosti ot nalichiya drugikh sostavov v rastvore. Bylo takzhe opredeleno vliyanie predvaritel'no obrazovannykh pokrytij poverkhnosti, soderzhashchikh seru, fosfor, khlor i/ili kislorod. Dlya ob{sup y}asneniya rezul'tatov raboty ispol'zuyutsya dannye o strukture materialov, a takzhe rassmatrivayutsya protsessy diffuzij tam, gde reaktsii vykhodili za svoi nachal'nye stadii. (author)

The isotope-dilution method of fluorine microestimation; Microdosage du fluor pur dilution isotopique; Mikroopredelenie ftora no metodu razbavleniya izotopov; Microvaloracion del fluor por dilucion isotopica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kudahl, J N; Fremlin, J H; Hardwick, J L [Department of Physics, University of Birmingham (United Kingdom)

1962-01-15

des matieres organiques peuvent etre reduites en cendres en toute securite si des ions de calcium ou de magnesium sont presents. La precision de la methode ne depend pas de la concentration du fluorure jusqu'a concurrence de valeurs representant une fraction d'une ppm. (author) [Spanish] El vidrio adsorbe los iones fluoruro de las soluciones acidas, y si estas soluciones contienen menos de 100 ppm de fluor, la cantidad adsorbida varia muy regularmente en funcion de la concentracion. El metodo empleado por los autores consiste en anadir a cada uno de los integrantes ele una serie de soluciones acidas, que pueden contener unos miligramos, o menos, de fluoruro, un cierto volumen de una solucion del isotopo inestable {sup 18}F libre de portador. Si estas soluciones se aplican a un area determinada de vidrio, parte del {sup 18}F es adsorbida y puede ser fijada elevando el pH una vez alcanzado el equilibrio. La radiactividad del vidrio constituye una medida de la cantidad total de fluoruro presente sobre el vidrio, y puede utilizarse para trazar una isotermia de adsorcion de la cual se puede deducir el contenido en fluor de una solucion desconocida de la serie. Luego de estudiar los efectos del pH de la presencia de iones calcio y fosfato, los autores ban comprobado que las sustancias organicas pueden ser calcinadas sin peligro alguno siempre que se encuentreu presentes iones calcio o magnesio. La precision del metodo no depende de la concentracion de fluoruro siempre que esta sea inferior a 1 ppm. (author) [Russian] Ion ftora iz kislotnogo rastvora adsorbiruetsya na steklo, i dlya rastvorov, soderzhashchikh menee 100 chastej ftora na million, adsorbiruemoe kolichestvo izmenyaetsya ochen' regulyarno v zavisimosti ot kontsentratsii. K kazhdomu iz kislotnykh rastvorov ftora v dannoj serii, ne prevyshayushchikh po vesu neskol'kikh milligrammov, a to i men'she, dobavlyaetsya nekotoryj ob{sup e}m svobodnogo ot nositelej rastvora neustojchivogo izotopa F{sup 18}. Esli rastvory

The epithermal critical experiments; Experiences critiques avec des neutrons epitliermiques; Nadteplovye kriticheskie ehksperimenty; Experimentos criticos con neutrones epitermicos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morewitz, H A; Carpenter, S O [Atomics International, Canoga Park, CA (United States)

1962-03-15

provistos de detectores calibrados, de umbrales diferentes, y con un espectrometro en 'emparedado' de contador de {sup 6}Li solido. Se utilizara una calculador a numerica corriente para agrupar todas las mediciones en un registro sistematico de secciones eficaces promediadas respecto del espectro. (author) [Russian] Sovremennaya faza programmy issledovanij usovershenstvovannog o nadteplovogo torievogo reaktora sostoit iz polnykh ehksperimen- tov po reaktornoj fizike, provodimykh s tsel'yu obespecheniya informatsiej po nejtronnym secheniyam v diapazone ot 10 Mehv do 1 kehv. Izuchaetsya gruppa devyati mnogozonal'nykh , medlenno-bystrykh , psevdosfericheski kh kriticheskikh sborok 'KHanikouma' s dvumya podvizhnymi polovinami aktivnoj zony. K nastoyashchemu vremeni ispytany tri sborki. Vneshnyaya peremeshchayushchayas ya zona dvigaetsya po otnosheniyu k vnutrennej sfericheskoj ehksperimental'noj aktivnoj zone na urane-233 - torii, spektor nejtronnogo potoka kotoroj uspeshno smyagchaetsya uvelicheniem otnosheniya grafitovogo zamedlitelya k toplivu. EHksperiment s generatorom pryamougol'nykh impul'sov opredelit tsentral'nuyu reaktivnuyu sposobnost' soroka malykh obraztsov razlichnykh materialov do 10{sup -8} {Delta}k dlya kazhdoj sborki. Krome togo, vzaimno kalibrovannye iskusstvennye istochniki nejtronov ostsilliruyutsya v tselyakh opredeleniya razlichnykh funktsij tsentral'nogo nejtronnogo znacheniya. Spektry poluchayut putem izmerenij schetchikom deleniya s pomoshch'yu kalibrovannoj fol'gi razlichnykh porogov, a takzhe putem ispol'zovaniya schetnogo sloistogo spektrometra s L{sup 6} v tverdom sostoyanii. Dlya sbora vsekh izmerenij v samosoglasovannu yu biblioteku spektral'nykh srednikh poperechnykh sechenij budut pol'zovat'sya odnoznachnym vychislitel'nym rezhimom. (author)

Does the rider influence the horse's movement in hippotherapy? [Ovlivňuje jezdec pohyb koně v hipoterapii?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miroslav Janura

2011-12-01

ýška v kohoutku: oba 1,65 m, hmotnost: 548 a 500 kg. Skupinu jezdců tvořilo dvanáct zdravých mladých žen (věk: 23,3 ± 2,8, hmotnost: 59,2 ± 5,3, výška: 167,3 ± 4,2. Celkově bylo analyzováno 36 krokových cyklů koně u každého jezdce. Koně se pohybovali v kroku přirozeným tempem. Pohyb byl zaznamenán s pomocí 4 videokamer (frekvence 50 Hz. Pro zpracování kinematických dat byl využit program APAS. Pro hodnocení byly vybrány časově-prostorové parametry, vertikální rozsah pohybu vybraných bodů na končetinách a hřbetu koně a rozsah úhlu v tarsu. Statistické zpracování bylo provedeno pomocí programu Statistica (jednofaktorová analýza rozptylu. VÝSLEDKY: V naší studii jezdec neovlivnil trvání krokového cyklu, délku ani rychlost kroku. U koně A jsme nalezli významné rozdíly při jízdě s různými jezdci ve velikosti pohybu na zadní končetině a hřbetu. U koně B byl nalezen významný rozdíl při jízdě s různými jezdci pouze u rozsahu pohybu na předním kopytě ve vertikálním směru. ZÁVĚRY: V hipoterapii základní časově-prostorové parametry koně v kroku při přirozené rychlosti pohybu nejsou ovlivněny jezdcem. Co se týče rozsahu pohybů ve vertikálním směru na končetinách a hřbetu koně, tak výsledky nejsou jednoznačné. Pro další výzkum je nezbytný větší počet koní. Pacienta a koně v hipoterapii bychom měli vnímat spíše jako dva prvky, které se vzájemně ovlivňují, než jako pasivní a aktivní prvek.

System of image package input and output for neutron radiography based on PC IBM XT/AT; Sistema paketnogo vvoda i vyvoda izobrazhenij dlya nejtronnoj radiografii na baze PEhVM IBM PC XCT/AT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Avarzad, O; Rikhvitskij, V S

1996-12-31

System of acquisition and analysis of both statistic and dynamic images of neutron radiography includes NM IBM PC XT/AT, super vidicon, telecamera based video detector, color monitor and interface board of image input-output. 2 refs.

System approach for evaluation of soil contamination by nitrogen containing pollutants in the 30-km zone power nuclear plant; Sistemnyj podkhod dlya otsenki zagryazneniya okruzhayushchej sredy azotsoderzhashchimi pollyutantami v 30-km zone aehs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shevtsova, O. V.; Zhigunova, L. N.; Makovskaya, N. A.; Pavlovich, E. L. [Ob' ' edinennyj institut ehnergeticheskikh i yadernykh issledovanij – Sosny NAN Belarusi, Minsk(Belarus)

2013-01-15

This article presents the results of studies of the nitrogen-containing chemical pollutants of the soil 30 km zone nuclear power plant in order to evaluate the chemical carcinogenic risk to public health. As a result of this work the least amount of NDMA fixed at 0,83 × 10{sup -4} mg/kg, the highest - 128,29 × 10{sup -4} mg/kg, which is 0,83 and 128,3 %, respectively, of Madman established in the Russian Federation and Republic of Kazakhstan, the content of NDMA precursors - nitrite ions varies from 0,07 to 4,43 mg/kg. Found that most of the compounds reported in agricultural land. Calculate the total carcinogenic risk for the population living in the region - the set value corresponds to the maximum risk tolerance, i. e. the upper limit of acceptable risk. These levels are subject to continuous monitoring. (authors)

New equipment for mechanization of warehouse operations and its use in Donbass timber yards and material stores. Novoe oborudovanie dlya mekhanizatsii skladskikh rabot i opyt ego primeneniya na lesnykh i materialinykh skladakh Donbassa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1985-01-01

Constructional features and characteristics of new warehouse equipment are described which were developed by Donetsk Scientific Research Coal Institute in cooperation with other establishments. Experience is reviewed in the use of: turning platforms (PPG3); lifting-hoisting units (PTU); motor-hydraulic grab (MGK3M); fork-lift racks ZOD; complex KLT for mechanization of operations in timber yards; chain conveyors (T2Ts); cyclone bunkers; preparation of support timber (sawing units PRK, SRT); devices for packing and conveying timber, concrete and other materials; equipment for warehouses (racks UN, UP, KB) and others. The equipment is widely used in UkSSR Minugleprom stores and provides safer working conditions.

Study with radio-sulphur of the kinetics of the process SO{sub 2} + 0.5 O{sub 2} {r_reversible} SO{sub 3} in a state of chemical equilibrium on a platinum catalyst; Etude, a l'aide du soufre radioactif, de la cinetique de la reaction SO{sub 2} + 0,5 O{sub 2} {r_reversible} SO{sub 3} en equilibre chimique, en presence d'un catalyseur de platine; Issledovanie pri pomoshchi radioaktivnoj sery kinetiki protsessa SO{sub 2} + 0,5 O{sub 2} {r_reversible} SO{sub 3}, nakhodyashchegosya v sostoyanii khimicheskogo ravnovesiya, na platinovom katalizatore; Estudio, con ayuda de azufre radiactivo, de la cinetica de la reaccion SO{sub 2} + 0,5 O{sub 2} {r_reversible} SO{sub 3} en equilibrio quimico en presencia de un catalizador de platino

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rojter, V A; Stukanovskaya, N A; Kornejchuk, G P

1962-03-15

The authors describe an attempt to use radioisotopes in the study of the kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic processes in a state of equilibrium. The investigation was carried out by the circulation method. After establishment of equilibrium, a small amount of S{sup 35}O{sub 2} was introduced into the system as a tracer and its conversion rate into S{sup 35}O{sub 3} was measured. From that rate the speed of the direct and inverse processes of oxidation of SO{sub 2} on the catalyst was calculated. Possible sequence patterns for the process are suggested and discussed. (author) [French] Le memoire expose un essai d'application des radioisotopes a l'etude de la cinetique des reactions catalytiques heterogenes en equilibre chimique. Les recherches ont ete effectuees par la methode a circulation. Apres etablissement de l'equilibre, on a introduit comme indicateur une petite quantite de {sup 35}SO{sub 2} et mesure la vitesse de sa transformation en {sup 35}SO{sub 3}. En partant de cette vitesse, on a calcule celle du processus d'oxydation directe et inverse du SO{sub 2} sur le catalyseur. Les auteurs proposent et etudient differentes formules selon lesquelles la reaction peut se derouler. (author) [Spanish] Los autores describen un experimento sobre el empleo de radioisotopos en el estudio de la cinetica de procesos cataliticos heterogeneos en estado de equilibrio. La investigacion se llevo a cabo por el metodo de circulacion. Una vez establecido el equilibrio, se introdujo en el sistema una pequena cantidad de {sup 35}SO{sub 2} como trazador y se midio su indice de conversion en {sup 35}SO{sub 3}. De dicho indice se dedujo la velocidad de los procesos directo e inverso de oxidacion del SO{sub 2} en presencia del catalizador. Los autores proponen y examinan diversos tipos posibles de cinetica para el proceso. (author) [Russian] Izlagaetsya opyt primeneniya radioaktivnykh izotopov dlya izucheniya kinetiki geterogennykh kataliticheskikh protsessov, nakhodyashchikhsya v

Studies on radiation-image detectors; Etudes sur les detecteurs a images de rayonnements; Izuchenie detektorov izobrazheniya radiatsii; Estudios sobre detectores de radiaciones productores de imagenes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reiffel, L [Armour Research Foundation, Chicago, IL (United States)

1962-04-15

expone datos relativos a sus caracteristicas opticas, que son tambien aplicables a la tecnologia de la camara de centelleo. Examina brevemente algunos tipos de detectores productores de imagenes, que podrian construirse empleando gruesos bloques de sustancias capaces de acumular energia en cantidad considerable y de producir fosforescencia estimulada cuando se someten a irradiacion, asi como algunos metodos de lectura en los que se emplean haces opticos de exploracion para evitar la disminucion de poder de resolucion debida al espesor finito del fosforo. (author) [Russian] Opisana provodimaya v nastoyashchee vremya rabota po izucheniyu detektorov izobrazheniya radiatsii, sposobnykh sokhranyat' informatsiyu o prostranstvennom raspredelenii. My zanimaemsya, glavnym obrazom, izucheniem problem, svyazannykh s opredeleniem raspredeleniya intensivnosti radiatsii na ploskosti, a vozmozhno, i na tsilindricheskoj poverkhnosti. V ehtu kategoriyu problem vkhodyat diffraktsiya nejtronov i radiografiya, a takzhe radiografiya rentgenovskikh luchej i gamma-izluchenij, ili zhe issledovanie rasseyaniya s pomoshch'yu takikh vidov izluchenij. Osobyj upor delaetsya na izuchenie detektorov izobrazheniya radiatsii, osnovannykh na razrushenii iskr, i na lyuminestsentsii ili navedennoj fosforestsentsii. My vyrabotali schetchiki iskr ochen' bol'shikh razmerov, vesom bolee 100 funtov, imeyushchie svetochuvstvitel'nye poverkhnosti poryadka 2000 kv. sm., kotorye snabzheny sistemoj ustupchatykh ploskostej pochti s 400 anodnykh i katodnykh provodov. Primenenie schetchikov, napolnennykh VOZDUKHOM ili gazovoj smes'yu argona s metanom dlya izmereniya potoka, sozdaet ustrojstvo, chuvstvitel'noe k al'fa-chastitsam, a obnaruzhenie medlennykh nejtronov dostigaetsya plastinami preobrazovatelya, obogashchennogo B{sup 10}. S drugimi zapolnyayushchimi gazami obnaruzhivalas' chuvstvitel'nost' k protonam i ehlektronam. Registratsiya raspredeleniya intensivnosti dostigaetsya fotograficheskoj s{sup e

The Proportional Counter. Some Aspects of Operation; Le compteur proportionnel. Ses caracteristiques de fonctionnement; Proportsional'nyj schetchik. Nekotorye aspekty raboty; El contador proportional. Sus caracteristicas de funcionamiento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Curran, S C [Awre, Aldermaston (United Kingdom)

1960-06-15

sistematica de las propriedades de los gases y mezclas utilizadas en el recuento proporcional. Cabe esperar que las mediciones efectuadas con este dispositivo permitan ampliar el campo de aplicacion de los contadores. (author) [Russian] I. Rabota nad schetnoj sistemoj, prednaznachenno j dlya izucheniya zakhvata ehlektronov, pokazala, chto diametr anoidnogo provoda v proportsional'no m schetchike s vysokim' davleniem mozhet okazyvat' bol'shoe vliyanie na razreshenie po ehnergii, poluchaemoe pri izmereniyakh radiatsii nizkoj ehnergii. V schetchike, rabotayushchem pri davlenii v 12 atmosfer, shirina raspredeleniya impul'sov pri radiatsii v 13,5 kehv K-zakhvata mozhet byt' izmenena ot 65% do 17% posredstvom izmeneniya diametra provoda ot 0,0076 do 0,0025 millimetra. EHto yavlenie ob{sup y}asnyaetsya kak dejstvie polozhitel'nogo prostranstvennog o zaryada iona v lavine. Dlya opredelennogo usileniya gaza i osnovnoj radiatsii plotnost' polozhitel'ny kh ionov v lavine bystro uvelichivaetsya vmeste s davleniem napolnyayushchego gaza, i kogda soputstvuyushchie ehlektricheskie polya stanovyatsya dostatochno bol'shimi, chtoby povliyat' na poslednie stadii protsessa umnozheniya, razreshenie po ehnergii schetchika ukhudshaetsya. Umen'shenie diametra anodnogo provoda uvelichivaet poyavlyayushcheesya izvne pole v tom meste, gde proiskhodit umnozhenie, i tem samym stremitsya protivodejstvovat ' dejstviyu prostranstvennogo zaryada. Ispol'zovanie 0,0025-millimetrovy kh anodnykh provodov okazalos' udovletvoritel'ny m pri novykh izmereniyakh koehffitsient a zakhvata L/K, provodimogo s mnogoprovodno j schetnoj sistemoj s Davleniem do 12 atmosfer. Rezul'taty, poluchennye dlya koehffitsienta zakhvata L/K s Ge{sup 71} i Kg{sup 79} ravny 0,115 i 0,112 sootvetstvenno . Tazhe schetnaya sistema ispol'zovalas' pri issledovanii M-zakhvata v ehtikh dvukh izotopakh. Nizkaya ehnergiya radiatsii M-zakhvata, 180 ehv v Ge{sup 71}, 260 ehv v Kg{sup 79} i ee nizkaya intensivnost' po po sravneniyu s intensivnost

A Comparison of Radioisotope Methods for River Flow Measurement; Comparaison de methodes radioisotopiques de mesure du debit des cours d'eau; Sravnenie radioizotopnykh metodov izmereniya rechnykh stokov; Comparacion de los metodos radioisotopicos para medir el caudal de los rios

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Clayton, C. G.; Smith, D. B. [Wantage Research Laboratory Atomic Energy Research Establishment Wantage, Berks (United Kingdom)

1963-08-15

indikatornykh metodov izmereniya stoka rasstoyanie mezhdu tochkoj izmereniya i tochkoj vvedeniya indikatora dolzhno byt' dostatochno bol'shim, poskol'ku dolzhno proizojti polnoe smeshivanie. V to zhe vremya ehto rasstoyanie ne dolzhno byt' slishkom bol'shim, chtoby izbezhat' znachitel'noj prodol'noj dispersii ili poteri indikatora v rezul'tate pogloshcheniya ego dnom reki. Dispersiya zavisit ot gidravlicheskikh kharakteristik stoka, i ona kharakterna dlya ehtogo metoda. Pogloshchenie zavisit ot vybora indikatora i ot geologicheskoj prirody dna reki. Imenno s ehtoj tochki zreniya N{sup 3} yavlyaetsya ideal'nym indikatorom, poskol'ku on ne pogloshchaetsya. Odnako ego trudno izmeryat', i ego prokhozhdenie v reke ne mozhet byt' proslezheno neposredstvenno. Drugie indikatory bolee udobny, no oni mogut pogloshchat'sya. Stepen' pogloshcheniya Na{sup 24},Br{sup 82} i R{sup 32} v vide NaHC0{sub 3}, NH{sub 4}Br i NaN{sub 2}R0{sub 4} izuchalas' putem sravneniya dannykh izmerenij v neskol'kikh tochkakh vniz po techeniyu o obshchej tochki vvedeniya i putem vvedeniya mechennoj tritiem vody (NTO) odnovremenno s vvedeniem kazhdogo iz trekh indikatorov. Ustanovleno, chto R{sup 32}, kotoryj, kak ozhidalos', budet sil'no pogloshchat'sya khimicheski, yavlyaetsya na samom dele neprigodnym v kachestve indikatora bez nositelya dlya izmereniya rechnykh stokov, khotya s nositelem oshibka izmerenij znachitel'no men'she. Na{sup 24} i Br{sup 82} ne proyavlyayut priznakov pogloshcheniya ikh na znachitel'nykh rasstoyaniyakh, bol'she chem neobkhodimo dlya gorizontal'nogo smeshivaniya; na rasstoyanii svyshe 660 m v reke s samym medlennym techeniem obnaruzhivayutsya priznaki ischeznoveniya Na{sup 24}. Predstavleny nekotorye nablyudeniya otnositel'no stepeni gorizontal'noj i prodol'noj dispersii, kotoraya otrazhaetsya na obshchem primenenii indikatornykh metodov dlya izmerenij rechnykh stokov. Delaetsya vyvod, chto vse tri metoda mogut uspeshno primenyat'sya. Odnako metod nepreryvnogo otbora prob v konechnom

Analisi dell'efficacia di un programma di prevenzione secondaria del carcinoma orale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Iannazzo

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

In Italia i carcinomi del cavo orale (KCO sono diagnosticati
prevalentemente al II-IV stadio TNM con conseguenti basse sopravvivenza a 5 anni e qualità della vita. Una maggior frequenza di diagnosi allo stadio I porterebbe a migliorare ampiamente i valori medi dei suddetti parametri.
Scopo del presente lavoro è stato valutare l’efficacia di un programma di prevenzione secondaria del KCO in termini di aumento di diagnosi allo stadio I e di vite salvate.

Abbiamo stimato la prevalenza di casi istopatologicamente
accertati (livello C3 di leucoplachia, principale lesione precancerosa del KCO, nella ASL/RMA come prodotto tra la prevalenza stimata di leucoplachia diagnosticata clinicamente (livello C2 (2989,2Ĩ13077,7 e la proporzione, scelta arbitrariamente, di C3 tra i C2 (0,50.

Tenendo presente che nel campione studiato nella ASL/RMA la proporzione di KCO allo stadio I tra i C3 era 0,03, abbiamo stimato il numero di KCO.

Abbiamo stimato quanti KCO verrebbero diagnosticati allo stadio I se venisse attuato un programma di prevenzione secondaria, considerando diversi livelli di compliance, e sulla base di una sopravvivenza media a 5 anni, in Italia, del 53% per tutti gli stadi e del 79% per i KCO allo stadio I, abbiamo calcolato il numero di vite salvate. I valori sono stati espressi come IC95.

Le prevalenze di leucoplachia C3 e KCO sono risultate,
rispettivamente, 1494,6Ĩ6538,8 e 44,8Ĩ196,2. Con compliance del 10%, 40% e 75% verrebbero diagnosticati, rispettivamente, 4,5Ĩ19,6, 17,9Ĩ78,5 e 33,6Ĩ147,2 casi di KCO e le vite salvate sarebbero 1,1Ĩ5,1, 4,6Ĩ20,4 e 8,7Ĩ38,3 rispettivamente.
In termini di vite salvate i dati evidenziano la necessita di attuare programmi di screening del KCO, anche nell' eventualità di uno scarso coinvolgimento della popolazione a rischio.

Inverse planning for interstitial gynecologic template brachytherapy: truly anatomy-based planning

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lessard, Etienne; Hsu, I-Chou; Pouliot, Jean

2002-01-01

Purpose: Commercially available optimization schemes generally result in an undesirable dose distribution, because of the particular shapes of tumors extending laterally from the tandem. Dose distribution is therefore manually obtained by adjusting relative dwell time values until an acceptable solution is found. The objective of this work is to present the clinical application of an inverse planning dose optimization tool for the automatic determination of source dwell time values in the treatment of interstitial gynecologic templates. Methods and Materials: In cases where the tumor extends beyond the range of the tandem-ovoid applicator, catheters as well as the tandem are inserted into the paravaginal and parametrial region in an attempt to cover the tumor volume. CT scans of these patients are then used for CT-based dose planning. Dose distribution is obtained manually by varying the relative dwell times until adequate dose coverage is achieved. This manual planning is performed by an experienced physician. In parallel, our in-house inverse planning based on simulated annealing is used to automatically determine which of all possible dwell positions will become active and to calculate the dwell time values needed to fulfill dose constraints applied to the tumor volume and to each organ at risk. To compare the results of these planning methods, dose-volume histograms and isodose distributions were generated for the target and each organ at risk. Results: This procedure has been applied for the dose planning of 12 consecutive interstitial gynecologic templates cases. For all cases, once the anatomy was contoured, the routine of inverse planning based on simulated annealing found the solution to the dose constraints within 1 min of CPU time. In comparison, manual planning took more than 45 min. The inverse planning-generated plans showed improved protection to organs at risk for the same coverage compared to manual planning. Conclusion: This inverse planning tool

SU-F-19A-12: Split-Ring Applicator with Interstitial Needle for Improved Volumetric Coverage in HDR Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sherertz, T; Ellis, R; Colussi, V; Mislmani, M; Traughber, B; Herrmann, K; Podder, T [University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH (United States)

2014-06-15

Purpose: To evaluate volumetric coverage of a Mick Radionuclear titanium Split-Ring applicator (SRA) with/without interstitial needle compared to an intracavitary Vienna applicator (VA), interstitial-intracavitary VA, and intracavitary ring and tandem applicator (RTA). Methods: A 57 year-old female with FIGO stage IIB cervical carcinoma was treated following chemoradiotherapy (45Gy pelvic and 5.4Gy parametrial boost) with highdose- rate (HDR) brachytherapy to 30Gy in 5 fractions using a SRA. A single interstitial needle was placed using the Ellis Interstitial Cap for the final three fractions to increase coverage of left-sided gross residual disease identified on 3T-MRI. High-risk (HR) clinical target volume (CTV) and intermediate-risk (IR) CTV were defined using axial T2-weighted 2D and 3D MRI sequences (Philips PET/MRI unit). Organs-at-risks (OARs) were delineated on CT. Oncentra planning system was used for treatment optimization satisfying GEC-ESTRO guidelines for target coverage and OAR constraints. Retrospectively, treatment plans (additional 20 plans) were simulated using intracavitary SRA (without needle), intracavitary VA (without needle), interstitial-intracavitary VA, and intracavitary RTA with this same patient case. Plans were optimized for each fraction to maintain coverage to HR-CTV. Results: Interstitial-intracavitary SRA achieved the following combined coverage for external radiation and brachytherapy (EQD2): D90 HR-CTV =94.6Gy; Bladder-2cc =88.9Gy; Rectum-2cc =65.1Gy; Sigmoid-2cc =48.9Gy; Left vaginal wall (VW) =103Gy, Right VW =99.2Gy. Interstitial-intracavitary VA was able to achieve identical D90 HR-CTV =94.6Gy, yet Bladder-2cc =91.9Gy (exceeding GEC-ESTRO recommendations of 2cc<90Gy) and Left VW =120.8Gy and Right VW =115.5Gy. Neither the SRA nor VA without interstitial needle could cover HR-CTV adequately without exceeding dose to Bladder-2cc. Conventional RTA was unable to achieve target coverage for the HR-CTV >80Gy without severely

Test of numerical methods for the integration of kinetic equations in tropospheric chemistry; Confronto di metodi numerici per l'integrazione di sistemi di equazioni differenziali ordinarie di tipo STIFF inserite nel modello fotochimico Calgrid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lorenzini, R.; Passoni, L. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Ezio Clementel, Bologna (Italy). Dipt. Ambiente

1999-07-01

Solver for Ordinary Differential Equations (Aro, 1996), usando il modello fotochimico CALGRID. L'accuratezza e' valutata confrontando i risultati di ciascun metodo con le soluzioni ottenute con il Livermore Solver for Ordinary Differential Equations (Hindmarsh, 1980). Il confronto e' stato fatto variando i parametri delle tolleranze dell'errore, e prendendo in considerazione l'equilibrio tra accuratezza della soluzione ed efficienza computazionale.

Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix Treated with High Dose Rate Intracavitary Irradiation : 1. Patterns of Failure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Ok Bae; Choi, Tae Jin; Kim, Jin Hee

1993-01-01

226 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with curative radiation therapy at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Dongsan hospital, Keimyung university, School of medicine, from July, 1988 to May, 1991 were evaluated. The patients with all stages of the disease were included in this study. The maximum and mean follow up durations were 60 and 43 months. The radiation therapy consisted of external irradiation to the whole pelvis (2700 - 4500 cGy) and boost parametrial doses(for a total of 4500 - 6300 cGy) with midline shill(4x10 cm), and combined with intracavitary irradiation irradiation(5700 - 7500 cGy to point A). The distribution of patients according to the stage was as follows: stage IB 37(16.4%), stage IIA 91 (40.3%), Stage IIB 58(25.7%), stage III 32(13.8%), stage IV 8 (3.5%). The overall failure rate was 23.9%(54 patients). The failure rate increased as a function of stage from 13.5% in stage 1B to 15.4% in stage IIA, 25.9% in stage IIB, 46.9% in stage III, and 62.5% in stage IV. The pelvic failure alone were 32 patients and 11 patients were as a components of other failure, and remaining 11 patients had distant metastasis only. Among the 43 patients of locoregional failure, 28 patients were not controlled initially and in other words nearly half of total failures were due to residual tumor. The mean medial paracervical(point A) doses were 6700 cGy in stage IIB, 7200 cGy in stage IIA, 7450 cGy in stage IIB, 7600 cGy in stage III and 8100 cGy in stage IV. The medial paracevical doses showed some correlation with tumor control rate in early stage of disease (stage Ib, IIA), but there were higher central failure rate in advanced stage in spite of higher paracervical doses. In advanced stage, failure were not reduced by simple Increment of paracervical doses. To improve a locoregional control rate in advanced stages, it is necessary to give additional treatment such as concomitant chemoradiation

Studio caso-controllo su pazienti affetti da legionellosi: risultati preliminari di una indagine multicentrica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. Borella

2003-05-01

, anche se in tutti gli ospedali partecipanti Legionella spp era presente nel sistema idrico.
Dallo studio caso-controllo sono emersi alcuni fattori di rischio della malattia ed in particolare variazioni nel metabolismo del ferro e in alcuni parametri immunologici finora non segnalati in altre indagini.
Sito web: www.legionellaonline.it

Literature analysis of radiotherapy in uterine cervix cancer for the processing of the patterns of care study in Korea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choi, Doo Ho; Kim, Eun Seog; Kim, Yong Ho; Kim, Jin Hee; Yang, Dae Sik; Kang, Seung Hee; Wu, Hong Gyun; Kim, Il Han

2005-01-01

Uterine cervix cancer is one of the most prevalent women cancer in Korea. We analysed published papers in Korea with comparing Patterns of Care Study (PCS) articles of United States and Japan for the purpose of developing and processing Korean PCS. We searched PCS related foreign-produced papers in the PCS homepage (212 articles and abstracts) and from the Pub Med to find Structure and Process of the PCS. To compare their study with Korean papers, we used the internet site 'Korean Pub Med' to search 99 articles regarding uterine cervix cancer and radiation therapy. We analysed Korean paper by comparing them with selected PCS papers regarding Structure, Process and Outcome and compared their items between the period of before 1980's and 1990's. Evaluable papers were 28 from United States, 10 from the Japan and 73 from the Korea which treated cervix PCS items. PCS papers for United States and Japan commonly stratified into 3 ∼ 4 categories on the bases of the scales characteristics of the facilities, numbers of the patients, doctors. Researchers restricted eligible patients strictly. For the process of the study, they analysed factors regarding pretreatment staging in chronological order, treatment related factors, factors in addition to FIGO staging and treatment machine. Papers in United States dealt with racial characteristics, socioeconomic characteristics of the patients, tumor size (6), and bilaterality of parametrial or pelvic side wall invasion (5), whereas papers from Japan treated of the tumor markers. The common trend in the process of staging work-up was decreased use of lymphangiogram, barium enema and increased use of CT and MRI over the times. The recent subject from the Korean papers dealt with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (9 papers), treatment duration (4), tumor markers (8) and unconventional fractionation. By comparing papers among 3 nations, we collected items for Korean uterine cervix cancer PCS. By consensus meeting and close communication

Vliv předozáření na některé biochemické parametry maligních nádorů mléčné žlázy: receptory steroidních hormonů

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lang, B.A.; Černoch, M.; Šimíčková, M.; Nekulová, M.; Forbelská, M.; Pecen, Ladislav; Eben, Kryštof; Vondráček, Jiří; Pačovský, Z.; Vermousek, I.

2001-01-01

Roč. 14, č. 6 (2001), s. 197-201 ISSN 0862-495X Institutional research plan: AV0Z1030915 Keywords : breast cancer * estrogen-receptor * progesteron-receptor * radiotherapy * cancer cell * ionizing radiation Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics

Methodical installations for fast resource testing of reliability of electrotechnical components intended for NPP equipment; Metodicheskie ustanovki dlya uskorennykh roesursnykh ispytanij na nadezhnost ` ehlektrotekhnicheskikh komplektuyushchikh, vkhodyashchikh v sostav oborudovaniya AEhS i yadernykh ustanovok

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shestakov, V S

1994-12-31

Installations for testing the electrotechnical equipment, microswitches for mechanical bend tests of cables as well as for high voltage tests of electrotechnical equipment are developed and described.

Immobilized xylenol orange as a sensitive element for fiber-optic sensors for thorium(4) and lead(2). Immobilizovannyj ksilenolovyj oranzhevyj kak chuvstvitel'nyj ehlement dlya volokonno-opticheskikh sensorov na torij(4) i svinets(2)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Trutneva, L M; Shvoeva, O P; Savvin, S B

1989-10-01

A new type of carrier for immobilization of reagent-fibrous materials of polyacrylonitrile fiber filled with fine-dispersed ion exchanger during formation- was suggested when creating sensitive element of optical sensor for lead (2) and thorium(4). The highest sensitivity and contrast are achieved in color reactions with xylenol orange, immobilized on weak-base anion-exchanger. Detection limits are decreased down to 2x10{sup -8}M, the range of determined concentrations -5x10{sup -8}-1x10{sup -6} M, reproducibility Sr 0.05-0.10, the response forms during 1-10 minutes.

Preliminary Studies of the Field Movement of the Olive Fruit Fly (Dacus Oleae Gmel,) by Labelling a Natural Population with Radioactive Phosphorus (P{sup 32}); Etudes preijminaires sur les deplacements de la mouche de l'olive (Dacus Oleae Gmel. ) par marquage d'une population naturelle au radiophosphore ({sup 32}P); Predvaritel'noe issledovanie polevogo peremeshcheniya olivkovoj fruktovoj mukhi (Dacus Oleae Gmel.) posredstvom mecheniya estestvennoj populyatsii radioaktivnym fosforom (P{sup 32}).; Estudio preliminar de la dispersion de moscas del ouvo (Dacus Oleae Gmel. ) mediante la marcacion de poblaciones naturales con {sup 32}p.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pelekassis, Constantine E.D.; Mourikos, P. A.; Bantzios, D. N. [Economic Entomology Laboratory, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens (Greece)

1963-09-15

pinos actuan de barrera para los adultos de la Dacus oleae. (author) [Russian] Provedeny predvaritel'nye ehksperimenty dlya polucheniya pervykh dannykh o polevom peremeshchenii olivkovoj fruktovoj mukhi Dacus oleae (Gmel.). Ehksperimenty byli provedeny v rajone proizrastaniya oliv v Rovnee, Ehvina, Gretsiya, v techenie oseni 1961 goda, kogda obychno nablyudaetsya maksimal'naya aktivnost' vzroslykh osobej mukhi. Dlya mecheniya estestvennykh populyatsij vzroslykh osobej byl prigotovlen sostav Stehli j 7, sostoyashchij iz smesi P{sup 32} v vide H{sub 3}P{sup 32}O{sub 4} v solyanoj kislote i v gidroliehate belka. 14 oktyabrya 1961 goda vetvi 30 olivkovykh derev'ev, vybrannykh na polugornoj olivkovoj plantatsii v Rovnee, byli obrabotany rastvorom primanki, mechennoj P{sup 32}. Dlya otlova mukh ispol'zovalis' 500 lovushek Makfehjla s 3% diammonijfosfata v kachestve' pri manki. Lovushki byli rasstavleny v olivkovykh roshchakh vsego rajona Rovnee, a takkhe v sosednikh rajonakh (v lesakh i v olivkovykh roshchakh)na rasstoyanii do 10 km ot mechenykh derev'ev. Bylo sobrano 350 mechenykh mukh oboikh polov v 48 lovushkakh vo vremya 15 proverok lovushek v period mezhdu 15 oktyabrya i 16 noyabrya. Mechenye mukhi, pojmannye s 1 po 35 den' posle obrabotki derev'ev indikatorom, sostavlyali 2% obshchego kolichestva mukh, otlovlennykh v 48 lovushkakh ili 0,15% obshchego kolichestva mukh, otlovlennykh v 298 lovushkakh vo vsem rajone Rovies. 73% mechenykh mukh popadi v lovushki v techenie pervykh 10 dnej posle obrabotki derev'ev indikatorom. Mechenye mukhi byli obnaruzheny na rasstoyanii 44 300 m ot mesta, gde nakhodilis' mechenye derev'ya (maksimal'noe rasstoyanie) . Radioaktivnost' mechenykh mukh sostavlyala ot 258 do 9549 otsch/min (fonovoe izluchenie sostavlyaet 8 - 2 1 otsch/min). Ehti predvaritel'nye ehksperimenty podtverdili sushchestvovanie bolee ili menee postoyannogo mestnogo peremeshcheniya (rasseivaniya) mukh ot polugornoj roshchi k blizlezhashchim ravninam ili k pribrezhnym

Studies on the Utilization, Metabolism and Function of Sterols in the House-Fly, Musca Domestica; Utilisation. Metabolisme et fonctions des sterols chez la mouche domestique (Musca Domestica); Izuchenie usvoeniya, metabolizma i funktsii sterinov v organizme domashnej mukhi Musca Domestica; Estudios sobre la asimilacion, el metabolismo y la funcion de los esteroles in la mosca comun (Musca Domestica)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Robbins, W. E. [United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Entomology Research Division, Beltsville, MD (United States)

1963-09-15

ambos casos el proceso de asimilacion y metabolismo de estos esteroles. Sin embargo, no hubo transformacion apreciable de {beta}-sitosterol en colesterol. En las dietas de las larvas se utilizaron tambien cantidades de colesterol inferiores al minimo necesario, combinadas con ''esteroles de ahorro''', como el colestanol, que pueden suministrar solo una parte del esterol que necesita el insecto. La asimilacion y el destino final del ''esterol de ahorro'' se han estudiado empleando colestanol-{sup 14}C; tambien se esta estudiando el metabolismo de la-minuscula cantidad de colesterol esencial, empleando para ello colesterol-{sup 14}C de elevada actividad especifica. Se han utilizado tambienotrasespeciesdeinsectos, entre ellos la cucaracha alemana (Blattella germanica), para completar el estudio de los modos de asimilacion y los esquemas metabolicos de los esteroles en la mosca comun. (author) [Russian] Bydo obnaruzheno, chto bol'shinstvu nasekomykh nuzhen dieticheskij istochnik sterinov dlya normal'nogo rosta i metamorfozy lichinki. Rabota posvyashchena dvum dopolnitel'nym fiziologicheskim funktsiyam sterinov v organizme domashnej mukhi Musca domestica L . : 1) Istochnik sterinovogo pitaniya sovershenno neobkhodim dlya obrazovaniya vynoslivykh zhiznesposobnykh yaits u zhenskikh osobej mukhi; pri nedostatochnom sterinovom pitanii yajtsa obrazuyutsya, no ikh vynoslivost' i zhiznesposobnost' yavlyayutsya nizkimi. 2) KHolesterin takzhe igraet rol' v mobilizatsii i ispol'zovanii rezervov pitaniya pri sozrevanii yaichnikov u samok domashnikh mukh. Izuchalas' kolichestvennaya potrebnost' v sterine pri vysheukazannykh fiziologicheskikh protsessakh i metabolicheskikh prevrashcheniyakh, proiskhodyashchikh vo vremya rosta, metamorfozy i razmnozheniya u ehtikh nasekomykh. Issledovaniya provodilis' s pomoshch'yu mechennykh uglerodom-14 i tritiem sterinov v sochetanii s razlichnymi analiticheskimi metodami, vklyuchaya obratnoe izotopnoe razbavlenie, gazovo-zhidkostnuyu khromatografiyu

Some Uses of Radioisotopes and Radiations in Entomology; Quelques emplois des radioelements et des rayonnements en entomologie; Nekotorye vidy primeneniya radioehlementov i oblucheniya v ehntomologii; Algunas aplicaciones de los radioelementos y de las radiaciones en entomologia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Courtois, G. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France); Lecomte, J. [Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Recherches sur l' Abeille et les Insectes Sociaux, Bures-Sur-Yvette (France)

1963-09-15

dosificar el potasio en las hormigas y en las abejas. Los autores han ensayado la marcacion de acrididos con {sup 192}Ir y describen en la memoria los resultados obtenidos. Se ha hecho tambien un estudio de la distribucion de ciertos radioisotopos ( {sup 32}P y {sup 35}S) en el cuerpo de la abeja por medio del metodo autorradiografico. (author) [Russian] Stat'ya soderkhit obzor metodov primeneniya radioehlementov v ehntomologii, razrabotannykh v nashikh dvukh tsentrakh v techenie poslednikh let. Pervye raboty otnosilis' k pchelam i v osobennosti k dal'nosti poletov pchel-sborshchits iz pchelosem'i. Issledovanie provodilos' s pomoshch'yu mecheniya izotopom Au{sup 198}. Prodolzheniem rabot po opredeleniyu dozy, poluchennoj osob'yu v protsesse mecheniya, yavilos' opredelenie radiorezistentnosti pchely i letal'noj dozy, lezhashchej v predelakh 90 000 p. Au{sup 198} byl takzhe ispol'zovan dlya issledovaniya obmena pishchej vnutri ul'ya. Vmeste s tem,dlya izucheniya obmena pishchej vnutri ul'ev mezhdu rabochimi osobyami (muzhskimi osobyami, rabochimi pchelami, matkami) ili mezhdu razlichnymi royami primenyalsya R{sup 92}. Nedavno analogichnye issledovaniya trofilaksii byli provedeny na osakh. Au{sup 188} byl takzhe osnovnym radioehlementom v rabote s muravejnikami. Naibolee interesnym rezul'tatom pervogo issledovaniya yavilos' otkrytie obmena pishchej mezhdu muravejnikami, otstoyashchimi drug ot druga na rasstoyanii svyshe 50 m, i raznymi vidami murav'ev (Formica rufa i Formica polyctena). V protsesse vtorogo issledovaniya, s pomoshch'yu mecheniya puti dvizheniya murav'ev, a ne samogo muravejnika, bylo vyyavleno raspredelenie obyazannostej vnutri muravejnika. Mechenye murav'i sledovali po odnomu i tomu zhe marshrutu i redko obmenivalis' s drugimi osobyami toj zhe kolonii. V protsesse ehtogo opyta uzhe do mecheniya byla ustanovlena anormal'naya radioaktivnost' murav'ev, obuslovlennaya prezhde vsego nalichiem (Sr + Nb){sup 95}. EHto otkrytie govorit o tendentsii k nakopleniyu v

Design and construction of a fast critical facility; Etude et construction d'un ensemble critique a neutrons rapides; Proektirovanie i sooruzhenie kriticheskoj sborki na bystrykh nejtronakh; Proyecto u construccion de un conjunto critico de neutrones rapidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kato, W Y; Dates, L R [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

1962-03-15

estudiar las propiedades fisicas de los grandes reactores, altamente diluidos, de com- bustible metalico o ceramico, desprovistos de moderador o parcialmente moderados, con cuerpos de hasta 1500 l de volumen. Los autores describen detalladamente el ZPR-VI y analizan los criterios seguidos en el diseno de sus diversos componentes desde el punto de vista de la fisica de reactores. Asimismo, formulan algunas observaciones acerca de los procedimientos de explotacion y manejo del reactor, los peligros que se pueden presentar durante su funcionamiento, las tecnicas experimentales que conviene emplear y los costos de construccion. (author) [Russian] V programme razrabotki ehnergeticheskikh reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh kriticheskaya sborka yavlyaetsya ves'ma poleznym sredstvom dlya kontrolirovani ya vychislitel'nykh metodov, proverki sbornikov sechenij nejtronov i polucheniya vsekh parametrov reaktornoj fiziki, neobkhodimykh dlya proektirovaniya yadernoj ehnergeticheskoj sistemy. 'Poskol'ku ona yavlyaetsya prezhde vsego fizicheskoj sistemoj, proektirovanie kriticheskoj sborki stavit samo po sebe ryad trudnykh problem, ne vstrechayushchikhsya pri proektirovanii ehnergeticheskogo reaktora. Krome obychnykh voprosov, svyazannykh s mestoraspolozheniem , obolochkoj reaktora, raschetom aktivnoj zony i kontrol'no-izmeritel'nym i priborami, voznikayut takie problemy, kak dostizhenie vysokoj stepeni gibkosti, sovmestimoj s bezopasnost'yu, opredelenie razmerov i tipa ustanovki, udovletvoryayushchi kh trebovaniyam ehksperimental'noj fiziki, opredelenie chisla i razmeshcheniya reguliruyushchikh i avarijnykh sterzhnej, svodyashchikh k minimumu posledstviya vozmushchenij, i spetsifikatsiya vosproizvodimost i reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej i drugikh podvizhnykh komponentov s tem, chtoby obespechit' toch- nost', neobkhodimuyu pri izmereniyakh reaktivnosti. EHto lish' nekotorye iz problem, kotorye obsuzhdayutsya v nastoyashchem doklade, osnovannom na poslednem ehksperimente v Argonnskoj natsional

The production of radioisotopes with a betatron using an internal bombarding technique; Production de radioisotopes par bombardement interne dans un betatron; Proizvodstvo radioizotopov s pomoshch'yu betatrona s ispol'zovaniem metoda vnutrennej bombardirovki; Obtencion de radioisotopos por bombardeo interno en el betatron

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morinaga, H [Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan)

1962-01-15

pueden servir para la obtencion de isotopos. Con frecuencia es conveniente emplear isotopos de periodo corto debido a su rapida desintegracion, al hecho de que emitan radiaciones de alta energia y a la facilidad con que pueden obtenerse incluso sin necesidad de poseer conocimientos especiales. (author) [Russian] Razrabotan i uspeshno ispol'zuetsya novyj metod proizvodstva radioizotopov s vysokoj udel'noj aktivnost'yu s pomoshch'yu betatrona. Podvergaemye aktivatsii materialy pomeshchayutsya vnutr' vakuumnoj kamery betatrona v kontse slepogo tsilindra, ustanovlennogo izvne; takim obrazom, proby podvergayutsya bombardirovke pri odnoj atmosfere neposredstvenno za mishen'yu tormoznogo izlucheniya, gde intensivnost' radiatsii chrezvychajno vysoka. Aktivnost' pri nasyshchenii Cu{sup 62}, vyzvannaya v nebol'shoj chastitse medi, prevyshala 1 millikyuri, i poluchaemaya naivysshaya udel'naya aktivnost' priblizitel'no v 500 raz prevyshala aktivnost', vyzvannuyu v obychnom ustrojstve. Do sikh por ehtot metod vnutrennej misheni ispol'zuetsya tol'ko dlya rabot v oblasti yadernoj spektroskopii; bylo ustanovleno vosem' novykh vidov radioaktivnykh izotopov (Co{sup 63}, Ga{sup 75}, As{sup 81}, In{sup 121}, In{sup 123}, Tm{sup 173}, Tm{sup 175} i Ac{sup 231}). Gibkost' takogo metoda bombardirovki otkryvaet novye vozmozhnosti, t.k. meditsinskij, promyshlennyj, a takzhe issledovatel'skij betatrony mogut ispol'zovat'sya dlya proizvodstva izotopov. Korotkozhivushchie izotopy, kotorye chasto yavlyayutsya bolee udobnymi pri razlichnykh vidakh primeneniya vsledstvie ikh bystrogo raspada i obychno vysokoj ehnergii radiatsii, mogut byt' bystro polucheny bez kakogo-libo dopolnitel'nogo umeniya. (author)

Radioactive apparatus for measuring the thickness of hot sheet-metal; Jauge d'epaisseur radioactive pour la mesure a chaud de plaques metalliques; Radioaktivnyj izmeritel' tolshchiny goryachego listovogo prokata; Calibrador radiactivo para la medicion en caliente de chapas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vasichev, B N; Latyshev, V K; Pliskin, Yu S; Felinger, A K

1962-01-15

}Cs de actividad equivalente a la de 9,2 g de radio, es posible medir el espesor de chapas calientes del espesor mencionado con un margen de aproximacion de {+-} 0,1 mm. El aparato efectua las mediciones a razon de una por segundo y funciona satisfactoriamente en las condiciones que exigen las operaciones de laminado. (author) [Russian] Dlya polucheniya vysokoj tochnosti izmerenij v usloviyakh prokatnogo proizvodstva vybran dinamicheskij metod kompensatsii, pri kotorom parametr sravneniya prokhodit vse znacheniya v izmeryaemoj oblasti, a nul'-organ otmechaet lish' moment ravenstva izmeryaemogo parametra i parametra sravneniya. Ispol'zovanie ehtogo metoda dalo vozmozhnost' osvobodit'sya ot mekhanicheskikh obratnykh svyazej i peremennykh po svoemu kharakteru peremeshchenij, svojstvennykh metodu staticheskoj kompensatsii, i sozdat' pribor, udovletvoryayushchij kak trebovaniyam tochnosti, tak i bystrodejstviya v slozhnykh usloviyakh prokatnogo proizvodstva. V doklade izlagaetsya printsipial'naya skhema pribora dlya kontrolya tolshchiny lista v protsesse prokatki, rassmatrivayutsya faktory, vliyayushchie na tochnost' izmereniya tolshchiny goryachego lista (temperatura, volnistost', nalichie vody na poverkhnosti lista, material lista i ego polozhenie na rol'gange). Opisyvaetsya konstruktivnoe vypolnenie opytno-promyshlennogo obraztsa pribora na diapazone tolshchin ot 14 mm do 44 mm. Promyshlennye ispytaniya pribora pokazali, chto pri istochnike izlucheniya Cs{sup 137} aktivnost'yu 9,2 g-ehkv. radiya tochnost' izmereniya tolshchiny goryachego lista v ukazannom vyshe diapazone sostavlyaet {+-}0,1 mm. Bystrodejstvie pribora - odno izmerenie v sekundu. Pribor nadezhno rabotaet v usloviyakh prokatnogo tsekha. (author)

The resolving limit of a three-diode coincidence circuit; Limite de resolution d'un circuit de coincidence a trois diodes; Predel razreshayushchej sposobnosti trekhdiodnoj skhemy sovpadeniya; Poder de resolucion de un circuito de coincidencia de tres diodos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

De Vries, H [University of Marburg, Marburg, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

1962-04-15

muestra como los resultados experimentales coinciden bien con la teoria. (author) [Russian] Dlya issledovaniya predela razreshayushchej sposobnosti trekhdiodnoj skhemy sovpadeniya po De Benedetti i Richingsu byl ispytan polnyj pribor sovpadenij, sostoyashchij iz diodnoj yachejki, usilitelya, amplitudnogo diskriminatora i monovibratora pri impul'sakh s vremenem narastaniya v 10{sup -9} sekund i s osnovnoj prodolzhitel'nost'yu v 2 x 10{sup -9} sekundy. Izmeryalis' amplitudy, a takzhe vychislyalis' integraly impul'sov, poluchaemye pri vykhode iz usilitelya; krome togo, stroilis' krivye razresheniya v zavisimosti ot predstavlyayushchikh naibol'shij interes parametrov (amplituda vkhodyashchikh impul'sov, soprotivlenie pri vkhode v usilitel', rezhim raboty diodov i t.d.). Dlya ob{sup y}asneniya izmerenij proveden ryad issledovanij. Byla vyvedena, v chastnosti, krivaya razreshayushchej sposobnosti pribora sovpadenij i bylo podschitano vremya razresheniya. Bylo ustanovleno, kakim obrazom diodnaya yachejka, pomekhi usilitelya i soglasovanie usilitelya s diodnoj yachejkoj privodyat k opredeleniyu vremeni razresheniya pribora sovpadenij. Analiz izmerenij i teoreticheskie rezul'taty pokazali, chto pri optimal'nykh usloviyakh trekhdiodnyj pribor sovpadenij pozvolyaet dostich' naimen'shego predela vremeni razresheniya v 10{sup -11} sekund. Privodyatsya dannye o proiskhozhdenii krivoj razreshayushchej sposobnosti i soobshchayutsya rezul'taty izmerenij. Ukazyvaetsya na khoroshee sovpadenie ehksperimental'nykh dannykh s teoreticheskimi vykladkami. (author)

Self-diffusion in volume and at the grain-boundaries of gamma-iron of high purity (99.99%); Autodiffusion en volume et aux joints de grains du fer gamma de haute purete (99,99 %); Ob'emnaya samodiffuziya i samodiffuziya na poverkhnosti granul zheleza u vysokoj chistoty (99,99%); Autodifusion en volumen y en los limites intergranulares del hierro gamma de elevada pureza (99,99 por ciento)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lacombe, P; Guiraldenq, P; Leymonie, C [Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques, Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines, Paris (France)

1962-01-15

1260 Degree-Sign y 918 Degree-Sign C, y de las constantes de autodifusion en las uniones intergranulares entre 1020 Degree-Sign y 918 Degree-Sign C. (author) [Russian] Vvidu trudnostej, s kotorymi vstretilis' pri tochnom izmerenii koehffitsientov samodiffuzii kak vnutri, tak i mezhdu samimi granulami v nekotorykh intervalakh temperatury, kogda sosushchestvuyut oba yavleniya, my byli vynuzhdeny pribegnut' k obychnomu metodu deleniya na chasti. V samom dele my uzhe ustanovili, chto dlya vyazkogo polutverdogo tela posle diffuzii kontsentratsiya radioaktivnykh atomov c (x{sub n}) na rasstoyanii x{sub n} ot pervonachal'nogo radioaktivnogo osadka yavlyaetsya prostoj funktsiej obshchej aktivnosti, kotoraya ostaetsya v obraztse posle abrazii na glubinu x{sub n}. EHtot vyvod yavlyaetsya rezul'tatom obobshcheniya formuly Gruzina, kotoraya do nastoyashchego vremeni primenyalas' tol'ko v ob{sup e}mnoj diffuzii. Takim obrazom my pokazali, chto mozhno putem izmereniya obshchej aktivnosti, ostayushchejsya v zavisimosti ot glubiny proniknoveniya razlichat' dolyu aktivnosti, kotoraya proiskhodit iz-za ob{sup e}mnoj samodiffuzii ot aktivnosti, proiskhodyashchej iz-za mezhgranulovoj samodiffuzii. Odnako tsennost' metoda zaklyuchaetsya v tom, chtoby prosledit' dal'she na tom zhe samom obraztse perekhod ob{sup e}mnoj samodiffuzii v mezhgranulovuyu samodiffuziyu. My primenili ehtot novyj metod dlya izmereniya konstant ob{sup e}mnoj samodiffuzii v zheleze u pri temperature 1260 Degree-Sign i 980 Degree-Sign C, a takzhe samodiffuzii na poverkhnosti granul pri temperature 1020 Degree-Sign i 918 Degree-Sign C. (author)

Uptake, retention and excretion of strontium in man; Assimilation, retention et excretion du strontium chez l'homme; Pogloshchenie, zaderzhka i vydelenie strontsiya organizmom cheloveka; Absorcion, retencion y excrecion del estroncio en el hombre

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Harrison, G. E. [Radiobiological Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Harwell (United Kingdom)

1963-02-15

estroncio en el esqueleto y sugiere que existen por lo menos tres grados de fijacion del estroncio radiactivo en los huesos. Estudia particularmente la retencion despues de varios meses de aplicada la dosis y la relacion existente entre esta retencion y la dosis de radiacion de {sup 90}Sr recibida por el esqueleto. Propone por ultimo una formula para evaluar la retencion en el organismo de una dosis de estroncio radiactivo a partir del valor de la radiactividad excretada con la orina. (author) [Russian] Obsuzhdaetsya vopros o vsasyvanii strontsiya iz zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta v svyazi s dietoj i razlichnymi komponentami khlebnomolochnoj diety. Privodyatsya rezul'taty, poluchennye pri ispol'zovanii kompleksnykh soedinenij, i diety s vysokim soderzhaniem kal'tsiya dlya umen'sheniya pogloshcheniya strontsiya. Obsutdaetsya sootnoshenie strontsiya i kal'tsiya v razlichnykh chastyakh tela u vzroslogo cheloveka. Privodyatsya rezul'taty nedavnikh ehksperimental'nykh issledovanij, provedennykh u zdorovykh lyudej na postoyannoj diete, pri ehtom osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya vydeleniyu s mochoj i zaderzhke strontsiya-85, soderzhashchegosya v ehksperimental'noj diete. Opredelyalos' takzhe ehndogennoe vydelenie s ehkskrementami. Ehti dannye sravnivayutsya s rezul'tatami, poluchennymi pri odnokratnom vnutrivennom vvedenii radioaktivnogo strontsiya. Vo vsekh sluchayakh uderzhanie strontsiya opoedelyalos' izmereniem radioaktivnosti vsego organizma s pomoshch'yu amplitudnogo analizatora impul'sov. Analiziruyutsya prichiny ehaderkhki strontsiya a' skelete i postiliruetsya, chto imeyutsya, po krajnej meretri stepeni svyazi radioaktivnogo strontsiya s kostyami. Obsukhdaetsya, v chastnosti, zaderkhka izotopa v techenie neskol'kikh mesyatsev posle ego vvedeniya, a tayue svyaz' ehtoj zaderzhki s dozoj oblucheniya, poluchaemoj skeletom ot strontsiya-90. Predlagaetsya formula dlya opredeleniya uderzhaniya organizmom radioaktivnoj dozy strontsiya v zavisimosti ot radioaktivnosti, vydelyaemoj s

Preliminary experiments on the use of radioactive indicators in macromolecular chemistry; Experiences preliminaires sur l'utilisation des indicateurs radioactifs en chimie macromoleculaire; Predvaritel'nye opyty ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnykh indikatorov v makromolekulyarnoj khimii; Ensayos preliminares sobre el empleo de indicadores radiactivos en quimica macromolecular

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De Brouckere, L; Van Leemput, R; Stein, R [Laboratoire de Chimie Generale II, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (Belgium)

1962-03-15

concentracion; c) la cantidad de polimero que se difunde depende de la permeabilidad de la membrana; d) se observa una adsorcion practicamente irreversible del polimero en la membrana (30 a 40 {mu}g cm{sup 2}). (author) [Russian] Pri izuchenii osmoticheskikh yavlenij s ispol'zovaniem vysokikh polimerov osoboe znachenie predstavlyayut dve prichiny oshibok: a) diffuziya nizkomolekulyarnykh polimerov cherez membranu; b) adsorbtsiya polimera na membrane. Dlya issledovaniya oboikh ehtikh yavlenij metod radioaktivnykh indikatorov predstavlyaet nesomnennye preimushchestva nad obychnymi i gorazdo menee chuvstvitel'nymi vesovymi metodami. V provedennykh avtorami doklada opytakh byl ispol'zovan geterodispersnyj obrazets polimera (poli)-khlorobutilakrilata, kotoryj byl khlorirovan s pomoshch'yu Cl{sup 36} posredstvom ionizatsii, iskhodya iz obraztsa (poli)-butilakrilata. Ehtot polimer rastvo- ryaetsya v atsetone. Byli postroeny diffuzionnye kamery, analogichnye dvuyacheechnym osmometram. Rastvor otdelyalsya ot rastvoritelya tselofanovymi membranami, obrabotannymi tak, chtoby davat' pronitsaemost' ot 6,7 x 10{sup -5} ch{sup -1} do 30,6 x 10{sup -5} ch{sup -1} Bylo najdeno, chto: a) s nashim oborudovaniem ponadobilos' okolo 200 chasov dlya togo, chtoby v opytakh diffuzii dostich' ravnovesiya ili ustojchivogo sostoyaniya; b) dolya polimera, diffundiruyushchaya cherez membranu v opredelennyj promezhutok vremeni, ne zavisit ot kontsentratsii; c) kolichestvo diffundiruyushchego polimera zavisit ot pronitsaemosti membrany; d) nablyudalas' pochti neobratimaya adsorbtsiya polimera na membrane (30-40 {mu}g/cm{sup 2}). (author)

Recent Radiochemical Procedures for Bio-Assay Studies at Trombay; Methodes Radiochimiques d'Analyse Biologique Employees a Trombay; Nedavno razrabotannye v trombee radiokhimicheskie metody dlya biologicheskikh issledovanij; Regientes Metodos Radioquimicos Aplicados al Analisis Biologico en Trombay

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kamath, P. R.; Bhat, I. S.; Rudran, Kamala; Iyengar, M. A.R.; Koshy, Elizabeth; Waingankar, Urmila S.; Khanolkar, Vasanti S. [Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Establishment Trombay, Bombay (India)

1964-10-15

The bio-assay laboratory at Trombay carries out nearly 2000 analyses of urine samples annually for different radionuclides. The most abundant isotopes of interest are Th{sup 232}, Th{sup 228}, Ra{sup 226}, Ra{sup 224} and Ra{sup 228}, U natural, fission products and Pu{sup 239}. The others are Co{sup 60}, I{sup 131}, P{sup 32}, Cs{sup 137}, H{sup 3}, Sr{sup 90}, etc. Analyses of a large number of samples containing low levels of activity with speed calls for development of special techniques when high specificity with good yields are desired. Urine presents a very complex matrix with a large amount of complexing organic material as well as variable salt content. Wet ashing procedures are time-consuming and cumbersome where samples of about 1 to 1.5 l are required to be destroyed. The paper presents some very recent methods developed in the laboratory and details of tracer studies involved in the development of these methods. Ra{sup 228}: Measurement of mesothorium in urine is made after separation of Ac{sup 228} grown in equilibrium with it. Radium present in urine is co-precipitated with BaSO{sub 4} and Ac{sup 228} allowed to grow. The precipitate is dissolved in perchloric acid after the addition of Pb, Bi and La carriers. The insoluble sulphates are precipitated with diluted H{sub 2}SO{sub 4}. Ac{sup 2}'2{sup 8} in the supernate is carried on LaF{sub 3} and counted for beta activity and checked for decay. Ra{sup 228} is calculated from observed Ac{sup 228} activity after correcting for decay and chemical recovery. Thorium: The method describes techniques developed for the co-precipitation of thorium with calcium oxalate without wet ashing urine. A study of exact experimental conditions for quantitative precipitation of thorium is reported. The paper also gives tracer experiments carried out for study of interference from phosphates and calcium in the final extraction of thorium with TTA. Thorium-232 is estimated spectrophotometrically and thorium-228 in the separated thorium fraction by separation of Ra{sup 224} after equilibration. . Among other studies reported are the determinations of Cs{sup 137}, P{sup 32}, Co{sup 60} and I{sup 131}. Urine is oxidized by boiling with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide and proceeded with for the estimation of these elements; Cs{sup 137} is separated by absorption on ammonium phosphomolybdate; a study is made of the different methods for the recovery of Cs{sup 137} from AMP; P{sup 32} is precipitated as MgNH{sub 4}PO{sub 4} in the presence of EDTA as masking agent; Co{sup 60} is recovered as chloro complex by ion exchange techniques; I{sup 131} is separated from urine with silver chloride by bath extraction techniques. The paper reports progress of work in the bio-assay laboratory from 1958 to date. (author) [French] Le laboratoire d'analyses biologiques de Trombay procede chaque annee au dosage de differents radionucleides dans pres de 2000 echantillons d'urine. Parmi les elements interessants, ceux que l'on rencontre le plus frequemment sont le thorium 232 et 228, le radium 226, 224 et 228, l'uranium naturel, les produits de fission et le plutonium 239. Les autres sont le cobalt 60, l'iode 131, le phosphore 32, le cesium 137, le tritium, le strontium 90, etc. Pour analyser rapidement un grand nombre d'echantillons faiblement actifs, il faut mettre au point des techniques speciales si l'on veut une haute specificite et de bons resultats. L'urine constitue une matrice tres complexe, car elle contient une grande quantite de complexants organiques et sa teneur en sels est variable. Lorsqu'il s'agit de detruire des echantillons de 1 a 1, 5 1, les procedes d'incineration par voie humide s'averent longs et difficiles a mettre en oeuvre. Le memoire expose quelques-unes des methodes que le laboratoire a mises au point tout recemment, ainsi que les details d'etudes a l'aide de radio-indicateurs faites pour ces mises au point. {sup 228}Ra: On dose le mesothorium dans l'urine apres avoir separe le {sup 228}Ac forme en equilibre avec lui. On fait coprecipiter le radium present dans l'urine avec BaSO{sub 4} et on laisse se former {sup 228}Ac. Le precipite est dissous dans i'acide perchlorique apres addition d'entraineurs (Pb, Bi et La). Les sulfates insolubles sont precipites avec H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} dilue. {sup 228}Ac surnageant est entraine sur LaF{sub 3} ; on en mesure l'activite beta et en controle la decroissance. D'apres la teneur en {sup 228}Ac observee, que l'on corrige pour tenir compte de la decroissance et de la recuperation chimique, on calcule la teneur en 228Ra. Thorium: Le memoire decrit les methodes que l'on a mises au point pour coprecipiter le thorium avec l'oxalate de calcium, sans incineration de l'urine par voie humide. Il fait etat d'une etude sur les conditions exactes d'experimentation necessaires pour la precipitation quantitative du thorium. Il y est aussi question d'experiences, a l'aide de radioindicateurs, sur l'interference due aux phosphates et au calcium dans l'extraction finale du thorium au moyen de TTA. On mesure le thorium 232 par spectrophotometrie; quant au thorium 228 contenu dans la fraction de thorium separee, on l'estime par separation de {sup 224}Ra apres equilibrage. Au nombre des autres etudes mentionnees figure la determination de {sup 137}Cs, {sup 32}P, {sup 60}Co et {sup 131}I. On oxyde l'urine par ebullition avec de l'acide nitrique et de l'eau oxygenee, et on la traite ensuite en vue de la determination de ces elements. On separe {sup 137}Cs par absorption sur du phosphomolybdate d'ammonium. Les auteurs indiquent les differentes methodes permettant de recuperer {sup 137}Cs contenu dans le phosphomolybdate. On precipite {sup 32}P sous forme de MgNH{sub 4}PO{sub 4} en presence d'EDTA intervenant comme agent de blocage. On recupere {sup 60}Co par echange d'ions sous forme de complexe chloro. On separe {sup 131}I de l'urine au moyen de chlorure d'argent par des methodes d'extraction en discontinu. Le memoire signale les travaux accomplis au laboratoire d'analyses biologiques depuis 1958. (author) [Spanish] El laboratorio de analisis biologicos de Trombay efectua anualmente cerca de dos mil analisis de orina para determinar diferentes radionuclidos, siendo los isotopos de mayor interes el {sup 232}Th, {sup 228}Th, {sup 226}Ra, {sup 224}Ra, {sup 228}Ra, U natural, productos de fision y {sup 239}Pu, asip como el {sup 60}Co, {sup 32}P, {sup 131}I, {sup 32}P, {sup 137}Cs, {sup 3}H, {sup 90}Sr, etc. El analisis rapido de un gran numero de muestras de baja actividad exige el perfeccionamiento de tecnicas especiales, sobre todo cuando se desea un alto grado de especificidad, unido a un elevado rendimiento. La' orina presenta una matriz muy complicada, con una elevada proporcion de sustancias organicas complejantes y contenido variable de sales. Los procedimientos de calcinacion por via humeda exigen un tiempo considerable y resultan engorrosos cuando se han de destruir muestras de aproximadamente 1 a 1,5 l. El trabajo deseribe algunos metodos recientemente desarrollados en el laboratorio de los autores y proporciona detalles de estudios sobre indicadores que han intervenido en el desarrollo de aquellos metodos. Radio-228: Se mide el mesotorio contenido en la orina despues de separar el {sup 228}Ac en equilibrio radiactivo. El radio presente en la orina se coprecipita con BaSO{sub 4}, teniendose en cuenta que sigue formandose {sup 228}Ac. El precipitado se disuelve en acido perclorico despues de anadir como portadores Pb, Bi y La. Los sulfatos insolubles se precipitan con H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} diluido y el {sup 228}Ac que permanece en solucion, despues de ser arrastrado con F{sub 3}La, se somete a recuento de actividad beta y se comprueba la disminucion de actividad. La cantidad de {sup 228}Ra se calcula a partir de la actividad observada en el {sup 228}Ac despues de introducir la oportuna correccion para tener en cuenta la desintegracion y el rendimiento de la recuperacion quimica. Torio: El trabajo describe la tecnica puesta a punto para la coprecipitacion del torio con oxalato calcico sin necesidad de calcinacion por via humeda de la orina e informa acerca de un estudio de las condiciones experimentales correctas para la precipitacion cuantitativa del torio. El trabajo menciona asimismo experimentos con indicadores llevados a cabo para estudiar las interferencias causadas por los fosfatos y el calcio en la extraccion final del torio con tenoiltrifiuoroacetona. La valoracion del torio-232 se efectua por espectrofotometria y la del torio-228 - en la fraccion del torio remanente- por separacion del {sup 224}Ra despues de alcanzar el equilibrio. Otros estudios citados en la memoria incluyen la determinacion del {sup 137}Cs, {sup 32}P, {sup 60}Co y {sup 131}I. La orina se oxida hirviendola con acido nitrico y peroxido de hidrogeno antes de proceder a la valoracion de estos elementos. El {sup 137}Cs se separa por absorcion en fosfomolibdato amonico y se realiza un estudio de los diferentes metodos para la recuperacion de aquel elemento del fosfomolibdato amonico. E 1{sup 32}P se precipita bajo forma de MgNH{sub 4}PO{sub 4} en presencia de etilendiaminotetraacetato como agente de quelacion. El {sup 60}Co se recupera como cloro-complejo por medio de tecnicas de intercambio ionico y el {sup 131}I se separa de la orina con cloruro de plata mediante tecnicas de extraccion discontinua. La memoria describe la actividad desplegada por el laboratorio de biologia desde 1958 hasta la fecha. (author) [Russian] V laboratorii bioanaliza v Trombee ezhegodno provoditsja analiz 2000 prob mochi na soderzhanie razlichnyh radioizotopov. Naibolee chasto vstrechajutsja izotopy Th{sup 232}, Th{sup 228}, Ra{sup 226}, Ra{sup 224} i Ra{sup 228}, prirdnyj uran, produkty delenija i Pu{sup 239}. Krome togo, issledujutsja Co{sup 60}, I{sup 131}, P{sup 32}, Cs{sup 137}, H{sup 3}, Sr{sup 90} i dr. Bystroe provedenie analizov bol'shih kolichestv prob, soderzhashhih nizkie urovni aktivnosti, trebuet razrabotki special'nyh metodov, esli zhelatel'no poluchit' vysokuju specifichnost' s horoshim vyhodom. Mocha predstavljaet soboj ochen slozhnuju matricu s bol'shim kolichestvom slozhnyh organicheskih veshhestv i izmenjajushhimsja soderzhaniem solej. Procedura poluchenija vlazhnogo pepla trebuet bol'shoj zatraty vremeni i javljaetsja trudnoj, esli neobhodimo razrushit' proby ob'emom 1 -1,5 l. V doklade predstavleny nekotorye novejshie razrabotannye v laboratorii metody i podrobnye dannye ob izluchenii indikatorov, ispol'zuemyh pri razrabotke jetih metodov. Radij-228: izmerenie mezotorija v moche proizvoditsja posle otdelenija As{sup 228} , obrazovavshegosja v ravnovesii s nim. Radij, nahodjashhijsja v moche, soosazhden s BaSO{sub 4} i ostavlen dlja obrazovanija As{sup 228} . Osadok rastvorjaetsja v hlornoj kislote posle dobavlenija nositelej Pb, Bi i La. Nerastvorimye sul'faty osazhdajutsja razvedennoj sernoj kislotoj. As{sup 228} v nadosadochnoj zhidkosti perenositsja na LaF{sub 3} i podschityvaetsja na beta-aktivnost', a zatem proverjaetsja na'raspad. Ra228 rasschityvaetsja iz aktivnosti As{sup 228} posle popravki na raspad i himicheskoe vosstanovlenie. Torij: opisyvaetsja metod, razrabotannyj dlja soosazhdenija torija so shhavelevokislym kal'ciem bez vlazhnogo szhiganija mochi. Soobshhaetsja ob izuchenii tochnyh jeksperimental'nyh uslovij kolichestvennogo osazhdenija torija. Soobshhaetsja ob jeksperimentah s indikatorami, provodivshihsja dlja izuchenija interferencii ot fosfatov i kal'cija v konechnom jekstrakte torija s TTA. Torij-232 opredeljaetsja spektrofotometricheskim sposobom, a torij-228 v otdel'noj frakcii torija putem otdelenija Ra-224 posle ustanovlenija ravnovesija. Krome togo, soobshhaetsja ob opredelenii Cs{sup 137}, R{sup 32}, So{sup 60} i J{sup 131}. Mocha okisljaetsja putem kipjachenija s azotnoj kislotoj i perekis'ju vodoroda, i posle jetogo issleduetsja soderzhanie jetih jelementov. Cs{sup 137} otdeljaetsja absorbciej na fosfomolibdate ammiaka. Izuchajutsja razlichnye metody vosstanovlenija Cs{sup 137} iz AMR. R{sup 32} osazhdaetsja v vide MgNH{sub 4}PO{sub 4} v prisutstvii EDTA v kachestve dejstvujushhego agenta. So{sup 60} vosstanavlivaetsja v vide hlorokompleksa metodami ionoobmena. J{sup 131} vydeljaetsja iz mochi hloristym serebrom metodami jekstrakcii v vanne. V doklade soobshhaetsja ob uspehah raboty laboratorii v oblasti bioanaliza v period s 1958 goda i do nastojashhego vremeni. (author)

A method for optimization of patient dose estimation in conventional radiology; Un metodo per l'ottimizzazione della stima della dose al paziente nella radiologia tradizionale

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Tofani, A.; Del Corona, A. [Azienda Unita' Sanitaria Locale 6, Livorno (Italy). Unita' Ospedaliera di Fisica Sanitaria; Niespolo, A. [Azienda Ospedaliera Pisana, Pisa (Italy). Unita' Ospedaliera di Fisica Sanitaria

2000-05-01

found to depend on the average body surface, a parameter which takes into account both patient height and mass. Thus, determining the normalization factor for each projection and each view allows to estimate the absorbed dose under different geometrical conditions. The method has been verified by considering four of the most common X-ray procedures (chest AP, cervical spine LAT, lumbar spine AP and head LAT). The average error on dose estimation is about 13 %. In the very next future the method will be extended to all the projections and views of ICRP Report no. 34, and we plant to integrate the described algorithm in a computer program devoted to the automatic computation of patient dose. [Italian] Il metodo raccomandato dalla International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) nel suo Report n. 34(1982) per il calcolo della dose al paziente negli esami di radiodiagnostica e' basato su dati dosimetrici tabulati ottenuti mediante simulazioni Monte Carlo su fantocci antropomorfi descritti da semplici funzioni matematiche. Nel caso del calcolo della dose per un paziente adulto, le limitazioni principali di questo metodo sono due: in primo luogo i parametri geometrici dell'esame - e in particolare la distanza fuoco-pellicola e il formato della pellicola- sono fissi, e questo rende problematico l'utilizzo dei dati dosimetrici nelle condizioni effettive in cui si e' svolto l'esame, che in genere non coincideranno con quelle standard ICRP. Inoltre quando le dimensioni e la massa del paziente differiscono sensibilmente da quelle del fantoccio utilizzato nelle simulazioni (il cosidetto uomo di riferimento, di altezza pari a 174 cm e massa di 70,9 Kg) il metodo ICRP puo' portare a errori considerevoli nella stima della dose. Lo scopo del presente lavoro e' quello di indicare una possibile via di uscita per superare queste limitazioni. L'algoritmo proposto in questo lavoro si basa sull'applicazione del metodo suggerito da Huda e

Aortic non communicating dissections. A study with helical CT; Studio dell'ematoma intramurale aortico. Aspetti con Tomografia Computerizzata spirale

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Midiri, M.; Strada, A.; Stabile Ianora, A.A.; Rotondo, A.; Angelelli, G. [Bari Univ., Bari (Italy). Dipt. di Medicina Interna e Medicina Pubblica, Sez. di Diagnostica per Immagini; Scialpi, M. [Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Taranto (Italy); D' Agostino, D.; De Luca Tupputi Schinosa, L. [Bari Univ., Bari (Italy). Dipt. Emergenze Trapianto d' Organo, Sez. di Cardiochirurgia

2000-09-01

confused with aortic dissection. The imaging techniques (TEE, CT, MRI) have an important role in the final diagnosis of aortic hematoma. Presently Helical CT and MR angiography are the main tools in the early diagnosis of this condition before the development of complications. In this experience helical CT, before and after the administration of contrast material, was accurate in identifying the hematoma localization and extension. [Italian] Tale studio ha lo scopo di valutare con tecnica TC spirale gli aspetti semeiologici dell'ematoma intramurale dell'aorta e sottolineare il ruolo diagnostico decisivo di tale metodica nello studio di pazienti con quadro clinico acuto sospetto per dissezione aortica. E' stato condotto uno studio retrospettivo (dal 1995 al 1999) sulle immagini di 396 pazienti che avevano eseguito un esame TC in regime d'urgenza per sospetta dissezione aortica. Solo 18 pazienti (6 femmine, 12 maschi) presentavano aspetti tomodensitometrici caratteristici per ematoma intramurale aortico. Gli esami sono stati condotti tutti con TC spirale utilizzando i seguenti parametri: spessore dello strato 10 mm, image index 10, passo della spirale 1,5 mm, algoritmo standard con un minimo di 130 kV e 125 mA. Gli esami sono stati condotti prima e dopo iniezione di 130 ml di mdc in bolo rapido e ricercando i seguenti parametri: sede ed estensione longitudinale dell'ematoma spessore e densita' della parte aortica, presenza e localizzazione delle caclificazioni intimali, regolarita' del lume vero, presenza di emomediastino e/o emotorace. In tutti i 18 pazienti (8 di tipo A e 10 di tipo B) e' stato osservato ispessimento circoscritto parietale tipicamente iperdenso nelle scansioni di base e ipodenso in quelle dopo mdc. In 14/18 pazienti l'ispessimento assumeva disposizione eccentrica, in solo 4/18 era concentrico; in tutti i casi l'ispessimento e' risultato maggiore di 4 mm. In 18/18 pazienti sono state riscontrate

Method of obtaining concentrated preparations of Cl{sup 36} and Br{sup 82} by recoil nuclei under exposure to high-density neutron fields; Preparation de composes du chlore-36 et du brome-82 de haute activite specifique, par exposition de noyaux de recul a des champs neutroniques intenses; Poluchenie kontsentrirovannykh preparatov Cl{sup 36} i Br{sup 82} metodom yader otdachi pri obluchenii v nejtronnykh polyakh vysokoj plotnosti; Obtencion de compuestos de cloro-36 y de bromo-82 de alta actividad especifica por retroceso de nucleos en campos neutronicos intensos

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Kurchatova, L N; Kurchatov, B V

1962-01-15

resultado de la superposicion de toda una serie de procesos : formacion de atomos de cloro radiactivo, separacion radiolitica del haluro, difusion de los productos obtenidos en la red cristalina del carbono, su sorcion en la superficie y su recombinacion en distintos centros. La extraordinaria variedad de condiciones en que se forman e interaccionan los productos de irradiacion con el esqueleto carbonico y su superficie depende de un gran numero de factores, a saber : la estructura ultramicroscopica, la naturaleza de los nuevos compuestos, que estan relacionados con el tipo de compuestos superficiales, la existencia en la superficie del carbono de centros con un espectro continuo de energia de sorcion, la probable formacion de diversos centros estacionarios de recombinacion por irradiacion del carbono, etc. Por ello, las tecnicas utilizadas ofrecen la posibilidad de realizar una gran variedad de experimentos a fin de establecer las condiciones optimas de enriquecimiento. (author) [Russian] Klassicheskij metod polucheniya kontsentrirovannykh radioaktivnykh preparatov Stsilarda-CHalmersa obychno rassmatrivaetsya kak malo ehffektivnyj pri ispol'zovanii bol'shikh integral'nykh potokov nejtronov iz-za znachitel'nogo razlozheniya obluchaemogo soedineniya pod dejstviem radiatsii. Avtorami najdeny soedineniya broma i khlora s uglerodom, pozvolyayushchie poluchat' sushchestvennoe obogashchenie radioaktivnymi izotopami khlora i broma metodom yader otdachi pri obluchenii v nejtronnykh potokakh poryadka 10{sup 13} nejtr./sek-cm{sup 2}. EHti soedineniya otvechayut formule C{sub n}X, gde X-Cl ili Br, N = 10 + 20 dlya soedineniya khlora i 25 + 70 -dlya soedinenij broma. Oni dostatochno ustojchivy termicheski i khimicheski. Soedinenie sostava C{sub 30}Br vyderzhivaet nagrevanie do 300{sup o}C v atmosfere argona bez otshchepleniya broma; ono razlagaetsya polnost'yu pri temperature 600{sup o}C. Ukazannoe soedinenie broma s uglerodom prakticheski ustojchivo k vozdejstviyu vodnykh rastvorov

Theoretical Aspects of Phonon Dispersion Curves for Metals; Aspects Theoriques des Courbes de Dispersion des Phonons pour les Metaux; Teoreticheskie aspekty fononnykh dispersionnykh krivykh dlya metallov; Aspectos Teoricos de las Curvas de Dispersion Fononica en Metales

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Cochran, W. [Department of Natural Philosophy, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom)

1965-04-15

Reasonably complete knowledge of the phonon dispersion curves for at least a dozen metallic elements and intermetallic compounds has now been obtained from neutron inelastic scattering experiments. The results have one feature in common: when analysed in terms of interatomic force constants they reveal the presence of comparatively long-range forces extending over several atomic spacings. The results for lead are particularly interesting; it did not prove possible to fit them by a force-constant model, but the dispersion curves for wave vectors in symmetry directions when analysed in terms of force constants between planes of atoms showed an oscillatory interatomic potential extending over distances of more than 20A. This review is concerned with recent theoretical work which has a bearing on the calculation of phonon dispersion curves for metals and the explanation of the long range of the interatomic potential. The best hope at present for a general treatment of atomic interaction in metals appears to lie in the ''method of neutral pseudo-atoms'', (a description recently coined by Ziman). This approximate theory is outlined and its relevance to Kohn anomalies in phonon dispersion curves is discussed. Experimental data for sodium is consistent with the theory, and the interatomic potential in sodium varies periodically in a distance {pi}/k{sub F}, where fik{sub F} is the Fermi momentum, as has already been demonstrated by Koenig in a different way. More exact calculations have been made for sodium by Toya and by Sham. The relationship between the different methods and other work of a more general character such as that of Harrison are discussed. (author) [French] A la suite d'experiences de dispersion inelastique des neutrons, on a maintenant une connaissance assez complete des courbes de dispersion des phonons pour une douzaine de metaux et de composes intermetalliques au moins. Les resultats presentent le caractere commun suivant: si on les analyse en fonction des constantes de forces interatomiques, ils revelent la presence de forces de portee relativement longue (plusieurs espaces atomiques). Les resultats relatifs au plomb sont particulierement interessants; il n'a pas ete possible de les ajuster au moyen d'un modele de constantes de forces, mais les courbes de dispersion pour les vecteurs d*ondes dans des directions de symetrie, analysees en fonction des constantes de forces entre plans d'atomes, accusent un potentiel interatomique oscillatoire qui s'etend sur des distances de plus de 20 A. L'auteur fait le point des travaux theoriques recents qui ont des incidences sur le calcul des courbes de dispersion des phonons pour des metaux, et tente d'expliquer la longue portee du potentiel interatomique. Il semble qu'actuellement ce soit la 'methode des pseudo-atomes neutres' (expression forgee recemment par Ziman) qui offre les meilleures chances de permettre un traitement general de l'interaction atomique dans des metaux. L'auteur donne un apercu de cette theorie et discute son importance du point de vue des anomalies de Kohn dans les courbes de dispersion des phonons. Les donnees experimentales pour le sodium sont en accord avec cette theorie et le potentiel interatomique dans le sodium varie periodiquement sur une distance {pi}/k{sub F}, hk{sub F} etant le moment de Fermi, ainsi que Koenig l'avait deja demontre d'une autre facon. Des calculs plus exacts ont ete effectues pour le sodium par Toya et par Sham. Le memoire examine les relations entre les differentes methodes, ainsi que d'autres travaux d'un caractere plus general, tels que ceux d'Harrison. (author) [Spanish] Los experimentos de dispersion inelastica de neutrones han permitido acopiar datos bastadte completos sobre las curvas de dispersion fononica correspondientes a una docena, por lo menos, de elementos metalicos y de compuestos intermetalicos. Los resultados presentan una caracteristica comun: analizados en funcion de las constantes de fuerzas interatomicas, manifiestan la presencia de fuerzas de alcance relativamente grande, que se extienden a varios espacios interatomicos. Los resultados relativos al plomo son particularmente interesantes; no fue posible ajustarlos a un modelo de constantes de fuerza, pero las curvas de dispersion de los vectores de onda en las direcciones de simetria, analizadas en funcion de las constantes de fuerza entre planos atomicos, revelan la existencia de un potencial interatomico de caracter oscilatorio que se extiende a distancias superiores a 20A. La memoria trata de trabajos teoricos recientes, relacionados con el calculo de las curvas de dispersion fononica en metales y con la explicacion del largo alcance del potencial interatomico. En la actualidad, el metodo mas prometedor para abordar con criterio general la interaccion atomica en los metales parece ser el de los 'pseudoatomos neutros ', denominacion recientemente acunada por Ziman. Se exponen los principios de esta teoria de Aproximacion y se examina su relacion con las anomalias de Kohn en las curvas de dispersion fononica. En el caso del sodio, los valores experimentales concuerdan con los datos teoricos, y el potencial interatomico varia periodicamente en la distancia {pi}/k{sub F}, donde hk{sub F} es el momento de Fermi, como ha demostrado Koenig por un procedimiento diferente. Toya y Sham han realizado calculos mas exactos para el sodio; se examinan las relaciones existentes entre los diferentes metodos y otros trabajos de indole mas general, tales como los de Harrison. (author) [Russian] V nastojashhee vremja v rezul'tate jeksperimentov po neuprugomu rassejaniju nejtronov dovol'no polno izucheny fononnye dispersionnye krivye po krajnej mere dlja djuzhiny metallicheskih jelementov i intermetallicheskih soedinenij. Rezul'taty imejut odnu obshhuju oso- oennost': analiz ih s tochki zrenija konstant mezhatomnyh sil pokazyvaet nalichie dovol'no dal'nodejstvujushhih sil, prostirajushhihsja na neskol'ko mezhatomnyh rasstojanij. Osobyj interes predstavljajut rezul'taty po svincu: okazalos' nevozmozhnym podognat' ih na osnove modeli konstanty sily, odnako dispersionnye krivye dlja volnovyh vektorov v simmetrichnyh napravlenijah, esli analizirovat' ih s tochki zrenija konstant sily mezhdu ploskostjami atomov, pokazyvajut nalichie kolebatel'nogo mezhatomnogo potenciala, prostirajushhegosja na rasstojanija, prevyshavshie 20A. Nastojashhij obzor posvjashhen poslednim teoreticheskim rabotam, imejushhim otnoshenie k raschetu fononnyh dispersionnyh krivyh dlja metallov i ob'jasneniju dal'nego dejstvija mezhatomnogo potenciala. V nastojashhee vremja naibolee obnadezhivajushhim metodom obshhej traktovki vzaimodejstvija atomov v metallah predstavljaetsja ''metod nejtral'nyh psevdoatomov'', kotoryj byl nedavno opisan Zimanom. Kratko izlozhena jeta priblizhennaja teorija i rassmotren vopros o ee spravedlivosti dlja anomalij Kona v fononnyh dispersionnyh krivyh. Jeksperimental'nye dannye po natriju soglasujutsja s teoriej, i mezhatomnyj potencial v natrii periodicheski menjaetsja na rasstojanii {pi}/k{sub F}(gde hk{sub F} - moment Fermi), kak bylo uzhe dokazano inym putem Kenigom. Bolee tochnye raschety po natriju proizveli Tojja i Sham. Rassmatrivaetsja svjaz' mezhdu razlichnymi metodami i drugimi rabotami bolee obshhego haraktera, naprimer, rabotoj Harrisona. (author)

The quality of the diet of foxes (Vulpes vulpes in a Mediterranean coastal area (Central Italy / Qualità della dieta della Volpe Vulpes vulpes in un'area costiera mediterranea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudio Cavani

1991-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract The diet of foxes in the Natural Park of Maremma includes essentially Juniperus fruits and Arthropods, mainly Coleoptera and Orthoptera. These components were analysed in order to value their chemical nutritive. The following parameters were determined: proximate analysis (crude protein Nx6.25; ether extract; crude fibre; ash, aminoacids, and mineral contents. Juniperus berries are characterized by a low crude protein and ash content (1.83 and 2.75% on dry matter while the level of fibrous constituents, expressed in terms of crude fibre, occurs in relatively high quantities (30.8% on dry matter. By contrast, Orthoptera and Coleoptera show high crude protein content (67.3 and 57.8% on dry matter of average nutritive value (chemical score 0.52 and 0.51. The ash level is 68.8 and 76.6 g/kg on dry matter, with high phosphorus, iron and zinc content. Juniperus berries are a feed component of moderate energy level, while Arthropods seem to be an important mineral and protein source. Riassunto La dieta della Volpe (Vulpes vulpes nel Parco Naturale della Maremma è costituita essenzialmente da frutti di Ginepro e da Artropodi, soprattutto Coleotteri ed Ortotteri. Allo scopo di fornire una valutazione delle caratteristiche chimico-nutritive di questi componenti alimentari, sono stati analizzati diversi campioni della dieta. Sono stati determinati i parametri riguardanti le analisi standard per gli alimenti di uso zootecnico, il contenuto in aminoacidi e in elementi minerali. I frutti di Ginepro sono caratterizzati da uno scarso tenore in proteine grezze e in ceneri (1,83 e 2,75% della sostanza secca, mentre il contenuto in costituenti fibrosi, espressi in termini di fibra grezza, risulta relativamente elevato (30,8% della sostanza secca. Gli Ortotteri ed i Coleotteri mostrano invece un considerevole contenuto in proteine grezze (67,3 e 57,8% della sostanza secca, di valore

Risk from exposure to natural and artificial ultraviolet radiation; Il rischio di esposizione alla radiazione ultravioletta naturale e artificiale

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Matzeu, M. [Istituto Superiore di Sanita`, Rome (Italy). Lab. di Fisica

1998-12-31

The association between exposure to ultraviolet (UV) and damage to the skin and eyes is today generally accepted. Exposure to UV radiation may occur in several ways. Apart from the sun, there is a wide range of artificial sources used in different fields of industry, research and medicine, the exposure to which adds to the total exposure of an individual during his life-span. The potential effects of ozone layer depletion on the increase of the solar UV radiation at earth`s surface, and therefor on human health, have recently been emphasized. Moreover, great attention has been devoted to the often uncontrolled use of UV lamps for tanning. This report shows the basis on which short and long term UV risk is assessed, and indicates some parameters necessary to its evaluation. The UV effects, both at molecular and cellular levels and on humans, are described together with their respective action spectra. The most common UV sources are then analyzed and their use in different fields is shown. Finally, some methods in dosimetry, which are useful for the correct measurement of exposure values, are described. [Italiano] E` oggi generalmente accettata l`assciazione tra l`esposizione alla radiazione UV e alcuni danni alla pelle e agli occhi (carcinomi e cataratta). Le occasioni di esposizione sono molteplici; oltre al sole, anche una grande varieta` di sorgenti artificiali impiegate per scopi diversi nell`industria, nella ricerca e in medicina danno un contributo, non sempre valutabile, all`esposizione totale di un individuo nell`arco della sua vita. Recentemente e` stato posto l`accento sulle possibili conseguenze della riduzione dello stato di ozono stratosferico sull`aumento della frazione di UV solare al suolo e quindi sulla salute umana; particolare attenzione ha inoltre suscitato l`uso, spesso incontrollato, delle lampade UV per scopi estetici. Sono illustrate le basi sulle quali viene riconosciuto il rischio a breve e a lungo termine e sono definiti i parametri