Hook selectivity of the pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 in the Pantanal, the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

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J. Peixer

Full Text Available The Pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus is the most captured fish species in the Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul State, and since 1994, its maximum sustainable yield had already been exceeded. Its capture is carried out only by hooks, as mesh gears are forbidden either for professional or for recreational fishing. The aim of this study was to determine selectivity for different hook sizes used in P. mesopotamicus fishing and to verify which sizes capture only adults. Data were collected in the rivers Miranda, Aquidauana, and Vermelho, in January, March, and April 2002. Six longlines with eight hook sizes were used and we adopted the hook opening as a measure related to selectivity. Different hooks captured individuals of the same length and their medians were similar, evidencing the great overlap among sizes. Regression results showed no significant relationship between ln[c2 (l/c1 (l] and total length of captured individuals. In addition, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test also did not detect significant differences in the size of captured fish. Several hypotheses, such as the selectivity models, shape of selection curves, scarcity of large fishes, and behavior are used in order to explain the absence of hook selectivity for this species. Size of recruitment for this gear was 28 cm of total length, when individuals are still immature.

Differential expression of myogenic regulatory factor MyoD in pacu skeletal muscle (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg 1887: Serrasalminae, Characidae, Teleostei) during juvenile and adult growth phases.

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de Almeida, Fernanda Losi Alves; Carvalho, Robson Francisco; Pinhal, Danillo; Padovani, Carlos Roberto; Martins, Cesar; Dal Pai-Silva, Maeli

2008-12-01

Skeletal muscle is the edible part of the fish. It grows by hypertrophy and hyperplasia, events regulated by differential expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). The study of muscle growth mechanisms in fish is very important in fish farming development. Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is one of the most important food species farmed in Brazil and has been extensively used in Brazilian aquaculture programs. The aim of this study was to analyze hyperplasia and hypertrophy and the MRF MyoD expression pattern in skeletal muscle of pacu (P. mesopotamicus) during juvenile and adult growth stages. Juvenile (n=5) and adult (n=5) fish were anaesthetized, sacrificed, and weight (g) and total length (cm) determined. White dorsal region muscle samples were collected and immersed in liquid nitrogen. Transverse sections (10 microm thick) were stained with Haematoxilin-Eosin (HE) for morphological and morphometric analysis. Smallest fiber diameter from 100 muscle fibers per animal was calculated in each growth phase. These fibers were grouped into three classes (50 microm) to evaluate hypertrophy and hyperplasia in white skeletal muscle. MyoD gene expression was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. PCR products were cloned and sequenced. Juvenile and adult pacu skeletal muscle had similar morphology. The large number of fish confirms active hyperplasia. In adult fish, most fibers were over 50 microm diameter and denote more intense muscle fiber hypertrophy. The MyoD mRNA level in juveniles was higher than in adults. A consensus partial sequence for MyoD gene (338 base pairs) was obtained. The Pacu MyoD nucleotide sequence displayed high similarity among several vertebrates, including teleosts. The differential MyoD gene expression observed in pacu white muscle is possibly related to differences in growth patterns during the phases analyzed, with hyperplasia predominant in juveniles and hypertrophy in adult fish. These results should provide a foundation for

Estimulantes alimentares para larvas de pacu Feeding stimulants for pacu lavae

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Marcelo Borges Tesser

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar o efeito estimulante de cinco aminoácidos (alanina, arginina, glicina, histidina e lisina da betaína e de suas misturas sobre a taxa de ingestão de dieta microencapsulada durante o desenvolvimento larval de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus. Os resultados da análise estatística comprovaram a existência de efeito significativo, tanto da idade das larvas como dos aminoácidos, sobre a taxa de ingestão. No entanto, não houve significância estatística para a interação dos dois fatores. A glicina, a lisina e a beta��na foram considerados bons estimuladores do comportamento alimentar de larvas de pacu.The present study aimed to investigate the stimulant effect of five amino acids (alanine, arginine, glycine, histidine and lysine from betaine and their mixtures on the ingestion rates of formulated diet during the larval development of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus. The statistical results showed significant effect of age and treatment. However, no significant effect was observed for the interaction of both factors. Glycine, lysine and betaine are considered good stimulants of the pacu feeding behavior.

Desempenho, enzimologia e metabolismo de juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) alimentados com dietas peletizadas e extrusadas com níveis médio e alto de lipídeos e carboidratos

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Claucia Aparecida Honorato da Silva

2008-01-01

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as respostas bioquímicas e metabólicas em adaptação ao processamento da dieta (peletizadas e extrusadas) contendo baixo e alto nível de carboidratos e lipídeos na alimentação do pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus. Foram analisadas as características das dietas, os índices de crescimento, a eficiência de retenção dos nutrientes e da energia, o perfil de ácidos graxos presentes no filé, o tempo de trânsito gastrointestinal, digestibilidade de proteína e da energi...

Análise da degradação de dieta microencapsulada por larvas de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887 através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2088 Degradation analysis of microencapsulated diet in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 larvae intestine through scanning electron microscopy (SEM - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2088

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Maria Célia Portella

2003-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o grau de degradabilidade de dietas microencapsuladas por larvas de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os seguintes tratamentos alimentares foram testados: AMD - larvas alimentadas por 6 dias, com náuplios de Artemia, com transição brusca para dieta microencapsulada; C6MD - alimentação inicial com Artemia por 6 dias, 6 dias de co-alimentação e o restante do tempo (8 dias somente com dieta microencapsulada; e C9MD - idêntico ao tratamento anterior, porém, com 9 dias de co-alimentação. O conteúdo presente no trato digestório das larvas foi coletado e processado para análise em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Os grânulos provenientes das larvas do tratamento de transição brusca (AMD possuíam poucas áreas de degradação, semelhantes às dietas secas. Já as dietas coletadas das larvas durante o período de co-alimentação possuíam uma maior área degradada. Os resultados sugerem uma influência dos náuplios de Artemia sobre a degradação das dietas microencapsuladas.This research analyzed the microencapsulated diet degradation in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus larvae intestine. The pacu larvae received the following feeding treatments: AMD- larvae fed initially Artemia nauplii for six days, followed by microencapsulated diet; C6MD- larvae fed initially Artemia for six days, followed by six days of co-feeding and the rest of the experiment (8 days with microencapsulated diet; C9MD- larvae fed initially Artemia for six days, followed by nine days of co-feeding and the rest of the experiment (5 days with microencapsulated diet. The pacu digestive tract contents were removed, processed and analyzed under scanning electronic microscopy. Diets from AMD larvae treatment showed few degradation areas, when compared to original dry diets. On the other hand, diets removed during co-feeding period showed the highest degradation areas. The

Antibiotic resistence of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 and Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758 Resistência de Aeromonas hydrophila isolada de Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 e Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758 a antibióticos

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Andréa Belém-Costa

2006-06-01

Full Text Available One of the most important problems involving treatments with antibiotics against Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from fishes is that antibiotic resistance develops readily. The antimicrobial activity of chemotherapeutants in isolates from pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 and tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758 was tested by the Kirby-Bauer disk method, over Mueller-Hinton surface agar previously inoculated with 100 µL of bacterial suspensions. After regular incubation, isolates from tilapia and pacu were uniformly resistant to amoxicillin, ampicillin, lincomycin, novobiocin, oxacillin, penicillin, and trimetoprim+sulfametoxazole. The A. hydrophila type strain presented resistance to the same antimicrobial substances and also against rifampicin; the bacterial isolate from pacu were the only strain resistant to tetracyclin. Isolates from both pacu and tilapia had intermediate reaction with erytromycin. The use of drugs in commercial fish farms in Brazil can favor the development of resistant bacterial strains in native fish species as already observed for exotic species, commercially produced for longer time.Um dos maiores problemas envolvendo o tratamento com antibióticos contra Aeromonas hydrophila isolada de peixes confinados é a rápida resistência ao antibiótico desenvolvida pela bactéria. A atividade antimicrobiana de quimioterapêuticos em isolados a partir de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 e tilápia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758 foi verificada pelo método de difusão de antibiótico em discos de Kirby-Bauer, sobre uma superfície de Agar Mueller-Hinton previamente inoculada com 100 µL de suspensão bacteriana. Após o período de incubação, os isolados de tilápia e pacu foram uniformemente resistentes a amoxicilina, ampicilina, lincomicina, novobiocina, oxacilina, penicilina e trimetoprim+sulfametoxazol. A cepa tipo para A. hydrophila apresentou resistência às mesmas subst

Eficácia do florfenicol e da oxitetraciclina no controle de Aeromonas hydrophila em pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus

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S.P. Carraschi

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Determinou-se a concentração eficaz de oxitetraciclina (OTC e florfenicol (FFC no tratamento de Aeromonas hydrophila em pacu (Piaractus. mesopotamicus. Os pacus foram submetidos à captura duas vezes ao dia por quatro dias e em seguida foram infectados com A. hydrophila (2,4x10(7 bactéria mL-1. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: controle sem infecção (CSI, controle com infecção (CCI e tratados com 110,0; 140,0 e 170,0mgOTC.kg-1, e 5,0; 10,0 e 15,0mgFFC.kg-1. As variáveis de qualidade da água foram monitoradas diariamente. Após o tratamento, no CSI dos dois testes, ocorreu 100% de sobrevivência. Nos testes com OTC, no CCI, a sobrevivência foi de 29,2%; em 110,0mg.kg-1, 37,5%; em 140,0mg.kg-1, 29,2%; e em 170,0mg.kg-1, 50,0%. Nos testes com FFC, foi eficaz com 10,0mg.kg-1, e no CCI a sobrevivência foi de 76,9%; em 5,0mg.kg-1, 81,81%; em 10,0mg/L.kg-1, 100% e em 15,0mg.kg-1, 87,5%. A OTC, em concentrações de até 170,0mg.kg-1 de ração, não é eficaz para o controle de A. hydrophila em pacu, e o FFC é eficaz na concentração de 10,0mg.kg-1 e ambos não alteram as variáveis de qualidade de água.

Desenvolvimento e diferenciação dos ovócitos de pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes, Characidae Oocyte development and differentiation in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes, Characidae

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Massuka Yamane Narahara

2002-05-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de esclarecer dúvidas referentes ao desenvolvimento e à diferenciação dos ovócitos de Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes, Characidae, ultra-estruturalmente, acompanhando as transformações que ocorreram durante o processo de ovogênese tais como: formação e acúmulo de várias organelas, inclusões nucleares e/ou citoplasmáticas e a camada ou envelope folicular. Na fase de crescimento primário são evidentes os corpúsculos de Balbiani, mas não são claros seus papéis. Estão presentes, também, as peculiares estruturas lamelares. A segunda fase, a de crescimento secundário, caracteriza-se, inicialmente, pela formação de alvéolos corticais. A seguir, os grânulos de vitelo protéico formam-se na região periférica com abundância de mitocôndrias e ribossomos. Mudanças no epitélio folicular (granulosa são descritas concomitantemente com a formação da zona radiata, que constitui o envoltório folicular (envelope.This work aim is to clarify doubts about the Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes, Characidae oocyte ultrastructural development and differentiation, following the transformations during the ovogenic processes, such as formation and accumulation of various organelles, nucleolar and/or citoplasmic inclusions, and follicular wall (envelope. During the primary growth phase, Balbiani corpuscles are evident, but their role is not clear. The peculiar lamellae structures are also present. The second phase (secondary growth is initially characterized by cortical alveolus formation. After that, protein yolk granules appear in the peripherical regions, where mitochondria and ribosomes are abundant. Changes in the follicle epitelium (granulosa are described together with the radiate zone formation, which constitutes the follicular envelope.

Processamento da carne do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus cultivado em tanques-rede no reservatório de Itaipu - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i4.1018 Processing of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus meat from net cage farming in the Itaipu reservoir - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i4.1018

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Beatriz Cristina Bencke

2008-03-01

Full Text Available O trabalho objetivou avaliar as características morfométricas, bromatológicas e o rendimento de cortes da carne do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, cultivados em tanques-rede. Utilizaram-se 45 animais, distribuídos em três tratamentos e 15 repetições cada uma. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de animais alimentados com ração extrusada comercial (REC, resíduos de vegetal cozido (RPV e resíduos cozidos de produção pesqueira (RPP. Realizaram-se as medidas individuais dos animais de comprimento-padrão (CP, comprimento total (CT, comprimento da cabeça (CC, altura da cabeça (AC, largura do tronco (LT, comprimento do tronco (CTR, altura do tronco (AT e, a partir delas, avaliaram-se as relações morfométricas de CC/CP, CC/AC, CP/CT, LT/CTR, LT/AT e AT/CTR. Avaliaram-se os rendimentos: carcaça (RCARC, tronco limpo (TL, musculatura dorsal (MD, filé (FL, costelas (COST, nadadeiras (NAD, gordura visceral (GVISC, pele com escamas (PELE, e os teores de umidade (UM, matéria mineral (MM, proteína bruta (PB e extrato etéreo (EE dos diferentes cortes. Observaram-se maiores resultados (p This work was carried out to evalue the morphometric and chemical characteristics, as well as the meat cut yields from pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus reared in net cages. Forty-five specimens were used, distributed in three treatments and 15 replications. The treatments consisted of animals fed with commercial extruded ration (CER, vegetal by-products (VBP and fishery by-products (FBP. Individual morphometric characteristics were measures in terms of standard length (SL, total length (TL, head length (HL head height (HH, body width (BW, body lenght (BL, body height (BH, to evaluate the morphometric ratio of HL/SL, HL/HH, SL/TL, BW/BL, BW/BH and BH/BL. Next, the carcass (CARC, clean body (CB, dorsal muscle (DM, fillet (FL, ribs (RIB, fin (FIN, visceral fat (VISCF, skin with scales (SKIN, as well as the levels of moisture (M, ash (ASH, crude protein (CPB and fat

Aloe vera enhances the innate immune response of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) after transport stress and combined heat killed Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

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Zanuzzo, Fábio S; Sabioni, Rafael E; Montoya, Luz Natalia F; Favero, Gisele; Urbinati, Elisabeth C

2017-06-01

In this study, pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) were fed with diets containing Aloe vera for 10 days prior to transport stress and infection with heat killed Aeromonas hydrophila. A. vera is popular around the world due to its medicinal properties, including immunostimulatory effects which was observed in this study. The results show that transport causes immunosuppression, an effect that was prevented by A. vera. Specifically, A. vera prevented reductions of both leukocyte respiratory burst and hemolytic activity of complement system caused by transport. Further, fish fed with A. vera also showed significantly higher leukocyte respiratory burst, serum lysozyme concentrations and activity of complement system 24 h after bacterial infection. Additionally, we observed that A. vera may modulate the innate response through activation of complement system during bacterial immune stimulation. In summary, A. vera extract enhanced innate immune parameters and consequently the ability of fish to cope with pathogens following transport stress. These findings show that A. vera has promise for use in aquaculture and add further evidence that medicinal herbs added to fish feed assist to prevent disease outbreaks. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Influência da adição de iodeto de potássio e citrato de sódio na qualidade do sêmen de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus - Holmberg, 1887 The effects of potassium iodide and sodium citrate on semen quality of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus

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Alexandre Nízio Maria

2004-02-01

Full Text Available Atualmente, tem-se dado maior atenção ao desenvolvimento de tecnologias para estocagem de sêmen de peixes em curto prazo, por dias ou semanas, utilizando diluentes de sêmen que não ativem a motilidade espermática. Essa técnica é indicada em piscicultura para facilitar a reprodução artificial ou aumentar sua eficiência. Conduziu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de verificar o efeito do diluidor BTS (Beltsville Thawing Solution - MINITUB® na qualidade do sêmen de pacu, após a coleta, enriquecido com iodeto de potássio e com citrato de sódio. Foram utilizados seis reprodutores de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus submetidos à indução hormonal e liberação dos gametas, manualmente. O sêmen coletado de cada macho foi dividido em três frações, as quais receberam diluição (1:3 com o diluidor 1 (BTS 5% + iodeto de potássio 0,16%, diluidor 2 (BTS 5% + citrato de sódio 1,28% e uma fração não diluída (controle. A ativação espermática foi realizada com água destilada, e, a seguir, foram avaliadas as taxas e duração da motilidade espermática, cujos valores médios respectivos foram de 95,00 ± 3,16% e 486,83 ± 314,55 segundos para o sêmen in natura, 80,00 ± 9,49% e 221,50 ± 207,89 segundos para o sêmen com o diluidor 1 e 80,00 ± 11,40% e 320,66 ± 181,14 segundos para o sêmen no diluidor 2. Em seguida, foram coletadas amostras para a avaliação da concentração espermática, que obteve um valor médio de 13,89 ± 1,26 x 10(9/mL. Pelas análises estatísticas, verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa na duração da motilidade (P>0,05 entre o sêmen “in natura” e os diluidores 1 e 2. A motilidade espermática foi estatisticamente melhor (PCurrently, it has been given a special attention to developing technologies for short-term storage of fish semen, for a few days to weeks, using extenders of semen that do not activate the sperm motility. The short-term storage technique is indicated for fish culture

Processamento da carne do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus cultivado em tanques-rede no reservatório de Itaipu = Processing of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus meat from net cage farming in the Itaipu reservoir

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Robie Allan Bombardelli

2007-10-01

Full Text Available O trabalho objetivou avaliar as características morfométricas, bromatológicas e o rendimento de cortes da carne do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, cultivados em tanquesrede. Utilizaram-se 45 animais, distribuídos em três tratamentos e 15 repetições cada uma.Os tratamentos constituíram-se de animais alimentados com ração extrusada comercial (REC, resíduos de vegetal cozido (RPV e resíduos cozidos de produção pesqueira (RPP. Realizaram-se as medidas individuais dos animais de comprimento-padrão (CP,comprimento total (CT, comprimento da cabeça (CC, altura da cabeça (AC, largura do tronco (LT, comprimento do tronco (CTR, altura do tronco (AT e, a partir delas, avaliaram-se as relações morfométricas de CC/CP, CC/AC, CP/CT, LT/CTR, LT/AT e AT/CTR. Avaliaram-se os rendimentos: carcaça (RCARC, tronco limpo (TL, musculaturadorsal (MD, filé (FL, costelas (COST, nadadeiras (NAD, gordura visceral (GVISC, pele com escamas (PELE, e os teores de umidade (UM, matéria mineral (MM, proteína bruta (PB e extrato etéreo (EE dos diferentes cortes. Observaram-se maiores resultados (pThis work was carried out to evalue the morphometric and chemical characteristics, as well as the meat cut yields from pacu (Piaractusmesopotamicus reared in net cages. Forty-five specimens were used, distributed in three treatments and 15 replications. The treatments consisted of animals fed with commercial extruded ration (CER, vegetal by-products (VBP and fishery by-products (FBP. Individual morphometric characteristics were measures in terms of standard length (SL, total length (TL, head length (HL head height (HH, body width (BW, body lenght (BL, body height (BH, to evaluate the morphometric ratio of HL/SL, HL/HH, SL/TL, BW/BL, BW/BH and BH/BL. Next, the carcass (CARC, clean body (CB, dorsal muscle (DM, fillet (FL, ribs (RIB, fin (FIN, visceral fat (VISCF, skin with scales (SKIN, as well as the levels of moisture (M, ash (ASH, crude protein (CPB and fat (FAT

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF PACU (Piaractus mesopotamicus, FED CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta FOLIAGE IN DIETS RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS DO PACU (Piaractus mesopotamicus, ALIMENTADO COM RAMA DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta NA RAÇÃO

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João Teodoro Padua

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Brazil is the largest world producer of cassava. Leafs and stem of cassava can be a alternative source of protein for omnivorous fish. However, the potential use is limited by the presence of high level of cyanide acid. The present study evaluated physiological responses of juvenile pacu submitted to increasing levels of the final third of the cassava foliage meal in diets. A completely randomized design was used in factorial scheme 4x2, four levels, 0, 12, 24 and 36 % of cassava foliage meal (CFM, and 2 levels of crude protein (CP, 24 % and 30 %, with three replicates. Three hundred twelve fish (55.33±6.19 g were distributed into 24 ponds of 13 m2. Results indicated that the levels of CFM inclusion affected the hemoglobin values (P<0.01, as well as the CP level (P<0.05, with interaction of these factors (P<0.01. Significant interaction among the CFM levels and CP was also observed for hematocrit, plasma protein (P<0.01 and plasma lipid (P<0.05. In the 24 % CP level was observed higher values of Hb in control and 36 % of CFM (3.51 g/dl and 3.25 g/dl respectively while with 30 % CP the control diet and 36 % CFM presented the smallest values (3.29 g/dl and 2.78 g/dl respectively. The higher level of CFM tested, inside of any protein level, had low influence on the pacu metabolism.

KEY WORDS: Cassava leaf and stem fish metabolism, pacu, P. Mesopotamicus.
O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de mandioca, disponibilizando a rama de mandioca como fonte alternativa na alimentação de peixes onívoros. No entanto, o potencial de uso da rama é limitado pela toxidez do ácido cianídrico. Objetivou-se avaliar a resposta fisiológica do pacu alimentado com níveis crescentes da rama de mandioca. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 4x2, quatro níveis de rama de mandioca (RM (0%, 12%, 24% e 36% e dois níveis de proteína bruta (PB (24% e 30% com três repetições. Trezentos e doze peixes (55,33±6,19 g foram

Seletividade alimentar de organismos-alimento por formas jovens de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 e curimba Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836 = Selective feeding of food organisms by fish larvae of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 and Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836

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Nandeyara Ribeiro Marques

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar a seleção alimentar de organismos-alimento por formas jovens de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus e curimba (Prochilodus lineatus com diferentes idades (6, 12, 19 e 26 dias, na presença e ausência de Pistia stratiotes. Foram utilizados quatrotratamentos (T1 = pacu + P. stratiotes; T2 = pacu; T3 = curimba + P. stratiotes; T4 = curimba e quatro repetições. A cada sete dias, foram coletadas 24 larvas de cada espécie de peixe dos tanques, sendo estas mantidas em jejum por 24 horas. Depois de distribuídas nos aquários com plâncton, as larvas permaneceram por três horas, sendocoletadas e fixadas para análise, juntamente com as amostras de água. Os tratos digestórios das larvas foram retirados e analisados sob microscópio óptico. Observaram-se diferenças estatísticas na seletividade alimentar de organismos planctônicos por larvas de mesmaespécie, em diferentes idades e também entre larvas de espécies diferentes, com mesma idade, não diferindo quanto à presença ou ausência de P. stratiotes. As formas jovens de pacu e curimba selecionaram organismos similares aos seis dias de idade, passando por alterações até o 26º dia. À medida que se desenvolveram, as larvas de pacu passaram a selecionar cladóceros e ostrácodos e as de curimba, protozoários e algas.Theobjective was to evaluate the feeding selection of food organisms for two species of fish larvae (pacu and curimba at different ages (6, 12, 19 and 26 days after eclosion, in the presence or absence of Pistia stratiotes. Four treatments were used (T1 = pacu + P. stratiotes; T2 = pacu; T3 = curimba + P. stratiotes; T4 = curimba and four replications. Every seven days, 24 fish larvae of each species were collected, and kept without food for 24 hours. Afterbeing distributed in the aquariums with plankton, the larvae stayed for three hours, and were collected and prepared for analysis, along with the water samples. The digestive tract of the fish larvae were

Growth, survival and bone alterations in Piaractus mesopotamicus larvae under different rearing protocols

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David Roque Hernández

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus is a neotropical freshwater fish. It is one of the most important species farmed in areas of the Parana and Paraguay Rivers basins. The effects of different rearing protocols on growth, survival and incidence of skeletal malformations in pacu larvae were analyzed. A total of six experimental treatments were considered, consisting of: a semi-intensive larviculture (LS in ponds; intensive larviculture (LIn in laboratory (both LS and LIn until 60 days of life; and mixed larviculture, with 20 days of semi-intensive larviculture into cages in ponds after 14 (L1, 21 (L2, 33 (L3 or 40 (L4 days of laboratory larviculture. At the end of the experimental period, LSlarvae showed higher growth rate, with average weight values (2.28g and total length (TL-48.20mm statistically higher than the rest (P1 to L4 treatments showed intermediate growth values, without differences between them (P>0.05, while LIn presented the lowest growth (PS, that presented a significantly lower value (17.5%, PIn and L1 presented the lowest incidence. In no case, visible morphological alterations were found. This study shows that prolonging pacu rearing under laboratory conditions at high densities improves temporal availability and survival of juvenile without affecting growth or subsequent osteological development of fish.

Hematologia de teleósteos brasileiros com infecção parasitária. I. Variáveis do Leporinus macrocephalus Garavelo e Britski, 1988 (Anostomidae e Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Characidae Haematology of parasitized Brazilian teleost fishes. I. Parameters of Leporinus macrocephalus Garavelo and Britski, 1988 (Anostomidae and Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Characidae

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Dilermando Perecin

1999-07-01

Full Text Available Espécimes de Leporinus macrocephalus (piauçu e de Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu foram colhidos em piscicultura do município de Franca (SP para avaliação dos efeitos da infecção parasitária sobre a taxa de hemoglobina e de hematócrito, a concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM, o fator relativo de condição (Kn e a distribuição percentual de células sangüíneas de defesa orgânica (leucócitos e trombócitos. Ambas as espécies apresentavam-se parasitadas por monogenea ou por monogenea e outros parasitas: monogenea e Trichodina sp; monogenea e Lernaea cyprinacea; monogenea e Piscinoodinium pillulare; monogenea e Ichthyophthirius multifiliis; monogenea, I. multifiliis e Trichodina sp. Os resultados demonstraram que os parâmetros estudados em L. macrocephalus e em P. mesopotamicus não foram significativamente (p > 0,05 alterados pelo parasitismo. A análise de regressão linear mostrou correlação negativa (p > 0,05 entre linfócitos e trombócitos em L. macrocephalus e correlação positiva (p > 0,01 da taxa de hemoglobina com o peso e com o comprimento total em P. mesopotamicus.Specimens of cultivated Leporinus macrocephalus (piauçu and Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu were collected in a fishfarm at Franca, SP. Effects of parasite infection upon hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC, condition factor (Kn and differential count of defense cells (leucocyte and thrombocyte were evaluated. Both fish species were parasitized by monogenean; monogenean and Trichodina sp; monogenean and Lernaea cyprinacea; monogenean and Piscinoodinium pillulare; monogenean and Ichthyophthirius miltifiliis; monogenean, I. multifiliis and Trichodina sp. Parasitism did not influence (p > 0.05 the studied haematological characteristics in L. macrocephalus and P. mesopotamicus. Linnear regression showed negative correlation (p > 0.05 between lymphocytes and thrombocytes in L. macrocephalus and positive

BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS FOR Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum (Characidae AND HYBRID TAMBACU (P. mesopotamicus X C. macropomum

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Marcos Tavares-Dias

2010-06-01

Full Text Available A study for investigating the values of plasma glucose,serum total protein and serum ions (calcium, potassium, magnesium,sodium and chloride was carried out in young Colossomomamacropomum Cuvier, 1818, Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg,1887 and the hybrid tambacu (P. mesopotamicus x C. macropomum,kept in intensive system. Glucose concentrations were higher intambacu than in P. mesopotamicus and C. macropomum. Totalprotein levels were higher in P. mesopotamicus than both C.macropomum and tambacu. C. macropomum presented higherconcentrations of sodium and chloride, while P. mesopotamicushad higher concentrations of potassium and magnesium.However, levels of calcium were similar for the species studied.The hybrid tambacu showed the smallest levels of total protein,and intermediate levels of sodium, potassium, magnesium andchloride, compared to both P. mesopotamicus and C. macropomum.Baseline values for healthy fish in aquaculture were established,and they may be used for further comparisons in studies with wildpopulations of P. mesopotamicus and C. macropomum.

Histologia da pele do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus e testes de resistência do couro - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2071 Histology of skin of Piaractus mesopotamicus and leather resistance tests - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2071

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Petra Maria Wagner

2003-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho analisou a morfologia da pele do pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887, e, após curtimento, a resistência do couro. Observou-se que a derme apresenta uma camada superficial com fibras finas, juntas e entrelaçadas, sem diferenciação quanto à disposição das mesmas e uma camada profunda, com fibras mais finas e espaçadas; e à medida que se distanciam da epiderme, os feixes de fibras tornam-se mais espessos, juntos e entrelaçados. A resistência à tração foi significativamente menor no sentido longitudinal (5,93 N/mm2 comparada ao transversal (13,81 N/mm2 em relação ao comprimento do corpo. O valor de alongamento até a ruptura foi superior (p0,05 para rasgamento progressivo. A resistência do couro à tração e alongamento foi superior no sentido transversal ao comprimento do corpo do peixe e não houve diferença para o rasgamento progressivo entre os cortes analisados (transversal e longitudinal. Sendo assim, a média da tração foi 9,87 N/mm2 e 64,59% de elongação, estando dentro dos padrões exigidos para ser utilizado na confecção de vestuário.This work study the histology of skin of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887, and after tanning, the leather resistance. Dermis showed a superficial layer with thin, united and interlaced fibers and a inner layer with thinner and spacer fibers. When this layer keeped away from epidermis, the sheaf fibers became thicker, uniter and interlacer. The resistance to tension of body length was significatively inferior in longitudinal sense (5.93 N/mm when compared with transversal sense (13.81 N/mm. The extension value until the rupture was superior (P0.05 to progressive tearing. The leather resistance to tension and extension was higher in transversal sense to body lenght of fish and there wasn’t difference to progressive tearing between the section analysed. Thus, the tension was 9.87 N/mm and 64.59% of elongation that are inside the standard require to

Efeito de três diferentes fontes de extrato de pituitárias na indução gonadal em machos e fêmeas de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i4.1146 Effects of three different sources of pituitary extract on gonadal inducer in male and female pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i4.1146

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Jayme Aparecido Povh

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Machos e fêmeas de (Piaractus mesopotamicus foram induzidas com extrato de hipófise de frango de corte (BCPE, coelho (RPE e de carpa (CPE. Os parâmetros vigor espermático, motilidade progressiva, taxa de fertilização e eclosão de acordo com a origem do sêmen, não apresentou diferença (p > 0,05 entre os tratamentos. O tratamento com BCPE produziu o menor volume de sêmen (p 0,05 para o taxa de espermatozóides com anormalidades nos tratamentos, mas as patologias secundárias foram elevadas (p P. mesopotamicusMale and female pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus were induced with broiler chicken (BCPE, rabbit (RPE, and carp (CPE pituitary extracts. The parameters for spermatic vigor, progressive motility, fertilization and hatching rate, according to semen origin, did not show any differences among the treatments (p > 0.05. RPE produced the lowest (p 0.05 in the total rate of abnormal spermatozoa among the treatments, but the secondary pathologies were higher (p 0.05 between BCPE and CPE were found for accumulated thermal unit, number of oocytes/spawning grams, fertilization and hatchery rates according to treatment origin. The result indicates that BCPE use is recommended for gonadal induction of P. mesopotamicus

Hematologia e sinais clínicos de Piaractus mesopotamicus infectados experimentalmente com Aeromonas hydrophila = Hematology and clinical signs of Piaractus mesopotamicus experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

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Flávio Ruas Moraes

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Este ensaio teve como objetivo avaliar as respostas hematológicas e a ocorrência de sinais clínico-patológicos de Piaractus mesopotamicus infectados experimentalmente por Aeromonas hydrophila. Foram utilizados 324 pacus, P. mesopotamicus, com peso de 102,84 ±27,1 g, distribuídos em 27 caixas de 300 L de capacidade, sendo 14 peixes por caixa. Os peixes foram mantidos nas caixas durante um mês, recebendo dieta balanceada, período em que se evitou qualquer tipo de manejo estressante. Passado esse período, foram infectadoscom 6 x 106 UFC de A. hydrophila, injetada via intraperitoneal. As coletas e análises de sangue foram realizadas 24h antes da infecção experimental e 24h após a infecção. Os resultados permitem concluir que a infecção por A. hydrophila em P. mesopotamicus écaracterizada por escurecimento da derme e sinais clínicos-patológicos relacionados à hemorragia, anemia normocítica-hipocrômica, redução nos níveis de proteínas, globulinasplasmáticas e eosinófilos, leucopenia, linfopenia, trombocitopenia, neutrofilia e monocitose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hematological response and clinical sign of Piaractus mesopotamicus infected byAeromonas hydrophila. Were used 324 pacus, P. mesopotamicus weighing 102.84 ± 27.1 g distributed in 27 water tanks with 300 L of capacity, 14 fish per tank. The fish were kept in the water tanks during one month, receiving appropriate diet. In this period was avoidedstressing management. After this period, the fish were infected with 6 × 108 cfu of A. hydrophila fish-1, injected intraperitoneally. The blood collection was carried 24h before experimental infection and 24h after its. The A. hydrophila infection in P. mesopotamicus ischaracterized by dark skin and clinical signs related to hemorrhage, hypochromic normocytic anemia, decrease on plasmatic proteins and globulins levels, leucopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, neutrophilia and monocytosis.

Effect of menthol and eugenol on the physiological responses of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus

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Milena Souza dos Santos Sanchez

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The present study the aim was evaluate induction time, recovery time and physiological responses of pacus Piaractus mesopotamicus submitted to eugenol and menthol usual doses. Were used 56 pacus, which were exposed to menthol 150 mgL-1 (n=24 and eugenol 100 mgL-1 (n=24 and the control group (n=24 which doesn’t were exposed to anesthetics. In the moment 0, 12 and 24 hours after induction were performed collection of blood in fish (n=8 for the hematologic parameters and plasma glucose evaluation. The recovery was conduced in aquariums free anesthetic, being induction and recovery times monitored. The results were submitted at analysis of variance (P<0.05 and the means when significant were compared by Tukey test (P<0.05. Both anesthetics in their respective concentrations induced fish to surgical anesthesia. There was no treatment effects on hematologic parameters, except for hemoglobin for which was observed interaction effect between factors, is significantly lower 150 mgL-1 showed significant reduction (P<0.05 of hemoglobin values 12 hours after induction, however these values remained unchanged 24 hours after anesthesia. Interaction effect (P<0.01 was observed between treatments and sampling times for the plasma glucose levels, because there was significant reduction in this levels 12 hours after anesthesia, and remained 24 hous after induction. Menthol 150 mgL-1 and eugenol 100 mgL-1 can be used safely in the pacus induction during realization of biometrics.

Digestible energy of crude glycerol for pacu and silver catfish

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Rafael Ernesto Balen

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The increase in global biodiesel production is originating a glycerol surplus, which has no defined destination. An alternative to overcome this problem is its use as energy source in animal feeding. In Brazil, Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus is one of the most farmed native fish species, whereas Silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen is suitable for production in subtropical region. Considering little knowledge about crude glycerol utilization in feeds for Neotropical fish species, it was evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs for energy of crude glycerol for P. mesopotamicus and R. quelen. The digestibility and digestible energy content of crude glycerol can be considered excellent even when compared to energy of common ingredients such as maize and wheat, presenting 0.97 and 0.89 of energy ADCs, and 15.2 and 13.95MJ kg-1 of digestible energy for Pacu and Silver catfish, respectively. In conclusion, crude glycerol is an energetic ingredient with good potential in Brazilian native fish diets.

Effect of ractopamine on the chemical and physical characteristics of pacu(Piaractus mesopotamicus steaks

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L.M.F.S. Oliveira

2014-02-01

Full Text Available The objective was to evaluate the use of ractopamine (RAC in the diet for pacu (Piaractus mesopotaminus in the finishing phase on some quality parameters of the fillets. Thirty-five animals weighing 0.868±0.168kg were distributed in a completely randomised design with five treatments (0.0 - control; 11.25, 22.50, 33.75 and 45 ppm of RAC and seven replicates with two fillets obtained from the same animal. The diets were isocaloric and isoprotein and experimental time was 90 days. RAC did not affect (P>0.05 the initial pH or ph after 24 hours of the fillets. Compared to the control, RAC increased (P<0.05 the moisture content of the fillets in natura and lipid oxidation of samples stored for 12 days in the refrigerator or freezer for 60 days. The RAC in 11.25 ppm reduced (P<0.05 the lipid content, while 45 ppm reduced (P<0.05 the crude protein in the fillets. Considering only RAC, there was a linear increase (P<0.05 in the lipid content (P<0.05 and a linear reduction in crude protein and weight loss after cooking the fillets. There was a quadratic effect (P<0.05 on the ash content, weight loss and lipid oxidation in fillets stored in the refrigerator or freezer. A RAC dose of 33.75 ppm resulted in a lower lipid oxidation index. In conclusion, ractopamine at 11.25 ppm is effective for reducing the fat content in fillets of pacu, although it increases the formation of peroxides in samples kept in the freezer for longer than 60 days. At 33.75 ppm, ractopamine is effective in reducing the effect of oxidation during storage in the refrigerator or freezer.

Parâmetros sangüíneos de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 alimentados com dietas suplementadas com cromo trivalente em duas densidades de estocagem = Hematological parameters of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 fed diets supplemented with trivalent chromium in two stocking densities

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Rodrigo Yudi Fujimoto

2007-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com cromo trivalente (0, 6, 12 e 18 mg kg-1 de ração sobre as variáveis hematológicas de Piaractus mesopotamicus, mantidos em duas densidades de estocagem (4 e 20 kg m-3. Os mantidos na maior densidade e alimentados com dietas suplementadas com 0 e 6 mg de cromo kg-1apresentaram redução do número de linfócitos circulantes, sugerindo má adaptação a essa condição de alta densidade. Nas dietas suplementadas com 12 e 18 mg kg-1, tal efeito não foi observado, porém verificou-se aumento do número de trombócitos no tratamento com 12 mg de cromo kg-1. A inexistência de diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, aos 30 dias, sugere a adaptação dos peixes ao tipo de alimento e à situação de alta densidade. Portanto, nas condições deste ensaio, a suplementação com 12 e 18 mg de cromo kg-1 é interessante como estratégia alimentar durante 15 dias.This work evaluated the effects of chromium supplementation on thehematological parameters of Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 maintained in two stocking densities. Fish were fed diets supplemented with 0, 6, 12 and 18 mg trivalent chromium kg-1 dry ration and maintained at 4 and 20 kg m-3. The fish under high stockingdensity and fed diets supplemented with 0 and 6 mg kg-1 showed reduction in the number lymphocytes, which suggests non-adaptation to this condition of high density. This was not observed in fish fed diets supplemented with 12 and 18 mg chromium kg-1, but an increasein the number of thrombocytes was evident. The lack of difference between treatments after 30 days may suggest a possible adaptation of fish to the situation. It can be added that supplementation with 12 and 18 mg chromium kg-1 is an interesting feeding strategy for aperiod of 15 days.

Alterações hematológicas e histopatológicas em pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes, Characidae, Hematological and histopathological alteration in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes, Characidae after treatment with copper sulphate (CuSO4

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Flávio Ruas de Moraes

2002-05-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho avaliou os valores hematológicos e glicêmicos e histopatologia de Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes, Characidae infectados com Monogenea Anacanthorus penilabiatus Boeger, Husak & Martins, 1995 (Dactylogyridae após tratamento com 0,50 mg/L e 1,00 mg/L de sulfato de cobre (CuSO4. A eficiência da droga sobre as infecções com Monogenea foi observada no primeiro dia após administração mas não após 8, 15 ou 30 dias do tratamento. As análises histopatológicas mostraram hiperplasia do epitélio e alterações circulatórias nas brânquias. No primeiro dia após tratamento, foram observadas alterações significativas (P4 mostraram redução da taxa de hemoglobina e do percentual de neutrófilos. No 8o dia do tratamento a dose de 1,00 mg/L provocou aumento da glicemia mas redução no percentual de linfócitos quando comparada com 0,50 mg/L. No 15o dia após tratamento com 1,00 mg/L os valores médios do volume corpuscular médio e o percentual de células granulocíticas especiais (C.G.E. decresceram mas o número de leucócitos totais aumentaram. No 30o dia após tratamento com 0,50 mg/L de sulfato de cobre houve aumento de C.G.E. e no tratamento com 1,00 mg/L o aumento foi de linfócitos.This paper evaluated the haematological and glycaemic parameters in Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes, Characidae infected with Monogenea Anacanthorus penilabiatus Boeger, Husak & Martins, 1995 (Dactylogyridae after treatment with 0.50 mg/L and 1.00 mg/L of copper sulphate (CuSO4. The efficacy of the CuSO4 was observed in the first day after administration but not after eight, fifteen or thirty days. The histopathological analyses showed hyperplasia of the epithelium and circulatory changes in the gills. In the first day after treatment significant changes (Pth day. Fifteen days after 1.00 mg/L treatment, values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV and special granulocitic cells (S.G.C. percentage decreased. Nevertheless, increase of

Parasitism by Monogenoidea in Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characiformes, Characidae cultivated in Paraná River (Brazil

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M. S. L. Leão

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract This study investigated the occurrence, prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity of monogenoidean parasites in Piaractus mesopotamicus farmed in cages in the reservoir of the Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station, Paraná River, Brazil. The parasite distribution pattern and the correlation of prevalence and abundance with the total length of hosts were also investigated. Four monogenoidean species were collected: Anacanthorus penilabiatus, A. toledoensis, Mymarothecium ianwhitingtoni and M. viatorum. All the parasites collected in P. mesopotamicus showed the typical aggregated distribution pattern, and the abundance and the prevalence did not shown any correlation with the total length of hosts.

Seletividade alimentar de organismos-alimento por formas jovens de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 e curimba Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836 - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v29i2.523 Selective feeding of food organisms by fish larvae of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 and Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836 - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v29i2.523

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Carlos Eduardo Bento Fernandes

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar a seleção alimentar de organismos-alimento por formas jovens de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus e curimba (Prochilodus lineatus com diferentes idades (6, 12, 19 e 26 dias, na presença e ausência de Pistia stratiotes. Foram utilizados quatro tratamentos (T1 = pacu + P. stratiotes; T2 = pacu; T3 = curimba + P. stratiotes; T4 = curimba e quatro repetições. A cada sete dias, foram coletadas 24 larvas de cada espécie de peixe dos tanques, sendo estas mantidas em jejum por 24 horas. Depois de distribuídas nos aquários com plâncton, as larvas permaneceram por três horas, sendo coletadas e fixadas para análise, juntamente com as amostras de água. Os tratos digestórios das larvas foram retirados e analisados sob microscópio óptico. Observaram-se diferenças estatísticas na seletividade alimentar de organismos planctônicos por larvas de mesma espécie, em diferentes idades e também entre larvas de espécies diferentes, com mesma idade, não diferindo quanto à presença ou ausência de P. stratiotes. As formas jovens de pacu e curimba selecionaram organismos similares aos seis dias de idade, passando por alterações até o 26º dia. À medida que se desenvolveram, as larvas de pacu passaram a selecionar cladóceros e ostrácodos e as de curimba, protozoários e algas.The objective was to evaluate the feeding selection of food organisms for two species of fish larvae (pacu and curimba at different ages (6, 12, 19 and 26 days after eclosion, in the presence or absence of Pistia stratiotes. Four treatments were used (T1 = pacu + P. stratiotes; T2 = pacu; T3 = curimba + P. stratiotes; T4 = curimba and four replications. Every seven days, 24 fish larvae of each species were collected, and kept without food for 24 hours. After being distributed in the aquariums with plankton, the larvae stayed for three hours, and were collected and prepared for analysis, along with the water samples. The digestive tract of the fish larvae

Histologia e ultraestrutura do rim e rim cefálico do pacu

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Gerlane M. Costa

2012-05-01

Full Text Available O pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, é um teleósteo da Família Characidae, intensivamente cultivado no Brasil devido sua rusticidade, crescimento rápido e fácil adaptação. O conhecimento morfológico dos sistemas corpóreos, incluído órgãos linfóide, se faz necessário, para uma melhor produção no cultivo de peixes, fornecendo subsídios na manutenção dos estoques. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever morfologicamente o rim e rim cefálico de Piaractus mesopotamicus, analisando os perfis celulares de cada órgão com o uso de microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. O resultado da análise macroscópica mostrou que a localização do rim e rim cefálico são as mesmas encontradas na maioria dos teleósteos. O rim apresentou uma forma em "H", onde a região média se expandia sobre a bexiga natatória. O rim cefálico se apresentou como uma dilatação na região cranial do rim, mostrando-se bem visível. Na microscopia eletrônica de transmissão também foram observadas similaridades ultraestruturais com outros teleósteos. Observando nossos resultados concluímos que histologicamente e ultraestruturalmente, os órgãos linfóides rim e rim cefálico de Piaractus mesopotamicus são similares aos de outros teleósteos.

Na2EDTA anticoagulant impaired blood samples from the teleost Piaractus mesopotamicus

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Thaís Heloisa Vaz Farias

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Na heparin and Na2EDTA on blood of Piaractus mesopotamicus (360.7±42.4g, 26.4±1.0cm. Twenty fishes were sampled in two experiment trials, ten for erythrocyte fragility analysis and ten for hematologic and plasma biochemical study. The blood collected by venous-caudal puncture was fractioned and stored in anticoagulants solution: Na2EDTA 10%, Na2EDTA 3%, Na heparin 5000 IU and Na heparin 100 IU. Plasmatic levels of calcium presented in the Na2EDTA stored samples were about 80% lower than both heparin groups. Blood samples of P. mesopotamicus stored with Na2EDTA demonstrated increase in the hematocrit and MCV, and decrease in MCHC. The dose-response effect was observed in this study. The results are reinforced by the higher levels of plasmatic protein and hemolysis presented in the Na2EDTA 10% stored blood, confirming the deleterious effect of this anticoagulant treatment on the quality of blood samples. Na2EDTA is not indicated to store P. mesopotamicus blood samples, but sodium heparin at 100 IU is the most recommended anticoagulant, since this treatment presented the lower rate of alterations in the stored blood.

Paraoxonase activity in sera from Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg (Characidae and Hypostomus punctatus Valenciennes (Siluridae

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Vera Lucia F. Cunha Bastos

1998-01-01

Full Text Available A paraoxonase activity present in serum of two Brazilian fish species was consistently assayed at pH 8.5 using 7.5 mM paraoxon final concentration. The paraoxonase activity was more activated by 0.5 M NaCl in serum of Piaractus mesopotanricus Holmberg, 1887 (pacu than in serum of Hypostomus punctatus Valenciennes, 1840 (cascudo. Apparent values of K M were 3.3 x 10-3 M for cascudo and pacu paraoxonase activity in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl. Apparent maximum velocity values calculated in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl were 6.1 and 6.5 nmole/min/mL of serum for cascudo and pacu, respectively. Vmax/K M ratio values of determinations in the presence and absence of 0.5 M NaCl showed that NaCl had a more evident effect on increasing the affinity of serum paraoxonase for paraoxon in pacu serum. Young specimens of pacu showed a marked decreased paraoxonase serum activity when kept in tanks treated with 0.25 ppm methyl-parathion.

Haematological and histopathological analysis in South American fish Piaractus mesopotamicus parasitized by monogenean (Dactylogyridae

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GT Jerônimo

Full Text Available Monogeneans are the parasites mostly found on the body surface and gills of fish and can cause large losses in farmed fish. Some studies demonstrate elevated parasitic levels causing hematological alterations. But few of them relate the effects of parasitism on the hematology and histopathology of native freshwater farmed fish. This study evaluated the host-parasite relationship in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus parasitized by the monogenean Anacanthorus penilabiatus. Hematological and parasitological assessments were obtained in 60 fish captured in a fish farm located in Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil. Fish were analyzed in different categories of parasite number: class I (n=13; 0-200 parasites, class II (n=17; 201-1200 parasites; class III (n=7; 1201-2200 parasites; and class IV (n=23; more than 2200 parasites per host. The highest levels of parasitism caused significant decrease (p<0.05 in the hematocrit, red blood cells (RBC, mean hemoglobin concentration (MCHC and basophils number. Thrombocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and LG-PAS did not present significant difference among the parasitic levels. In contrast, increased number of total leukocytes and lymphocytes were found in highly-parasitized fish. A positive linear correlation (p<0.01 was found between the amount of parasites and fish weight. Histopathology revealed severe hyperplasia, sub-epithelial edema, fusion of the secondary lamellae, focal and multifocal necrosis in highly parasitized fish.

Effects of chromium supplementation on the infrapopulations of Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenoidea and Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida parasites of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae

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Rodrigo Yudi Fujimoto

2010-08-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the parasitism by Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenoidea and Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida in the gills of "pacu", Piaractus mesopotamicus supplemented with chromium in the diet. Randomised delineation by using factorial scheme (4x2x2 for Monogenoidea and 4x2x3 for Dinoflagellate with four levels of chromium (0, 6, 12, 18mg/kg diet, two stocking densities (4kg/m³ and 20kg/m ³, two classes of length (higher and lower than 17 cm for a period of 7, 60 and 90 days, and four replicates was used. The fishes in low density which received 12 and 18mg/kg showed decreased monogeneoidea values, seven days after the experiment begin. Six, 12 and 18 mg/kg caused reduction in the dinoflagellate number in the fishes maintained at 20kg/m³. It was possible that chromium supplementation (12 e 18mg/kg favoured the fishes health by reducing Monogenoidea and Dinoflagellida number in lower and higher densities, respectively.O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a intensidade de parasitismo por monogenóide Anacanthorus penilabiatus e pelo dinoflagelado Piscinoodinium pillulare em pacus Piaractus mesopotamicus, cuja dieta foi suplementada com cromo. Foram utilizados dois delineamentos em esquema fatorial, consistindo de 4 níveis de cromo (0, 6, 12, 18 mgCQC/kg, duas densidades de estocagem (4 kg/m³ e 20 kg/m³ e duas classes de tamanho para monogenóide (maiores e menores de 17cm e/ou 3 períodos de coleta (7, 60 e 90 dias, com quatro repetições. Os peixes que receberam 12 e 18mg CQC/kg apresentaram diminuição de monogenóides após 7 dias de alimentação na menor densidade. Nos peixes na maior densidade, os níveis de 6, 12 e 18 mgCQC/kg ocasionou redução de dinoflagelados. Os resultados demonstraram que a suplementação com cromo (12 e 18 mgCQC/kg promoveu uma melhora na saúde dos peixes na menor e na maior densidade, respectivamente.

Disease resistance of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 fed with β-glucan

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JD Biller-Takahashi

Full Text Available Effects of β-glucan on innate immune responses and survival were studied in pacu experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish fed diets containing 0, 0.1% and 1% β-glucan were injected with A. hydrophila. β-glucan enhanced fish survival in both treated groups (26.7% and 21.2% of the control, respectively. Leukocyte respiratory burst and alternative complement pathway activities were elevated after bacterial challenge regardless the β-glucan concentration. Lysozyme activity was higher after infection and showed a gradual increase as β-glucan concentration increased. A significant elevation in WBC count was observed either after bacterial challenge or by influence of β-glucan separately. The same response was observed in the number of thrombocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, LG-PAS positive cell and monocytes. It can be concluded that feeding pacu with β-glucan can increase protection against A. hydrophila, due to changes in non-specific immune responses.

Leukocytes respiratory burst activity as indicator of innate immunity of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus

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JD Biller-Takahashi

Full Text Available The present study evaluated the assay to quantify the respiratory burst activity of blood leukocytes of pacu as an indicator of the innate immune system, using the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT to formazan as a measure of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS. In order to assess the accuracy of the assay, fish were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila and sampled one week after challenge. The A. hydrophila infection increased the leukocyte respiratory burst activity. The protocol showed a reliable and easy assay, appropriate to determine the respiratory burst activity of blood leukocytes of pacu, a neotropical fish, in the present experimental conditions.

The role of the vagus nerve in the generation of cardiorespiratory interactions in a neotropical fish, the pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus.

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Leite, Cleo Alcantara Costa; Taylor, E W; Guerra, C D R; Florindo, L H; Belão, T; Rantin, F T

2009-08-01

The role of the vagus nerve in determining heart rate (f(H)) and cardiorespiratory interactions was investigated in a neotropical fish, Piaractus mesopotamicus. During progressive hypoxia f(H) initially increased, establishing a 1:1 ratio with ventilation rate (f(R)). Subsequently there was a hypoxic bradycardia. Injection of atropine abolished a normoxic inhibitory tonus on the heart and the f(H) adjustments during progressive hypoxia, confirming that they are imposed by efferent parasympathetic inputs via the vagus nerve. Efferent activity recorded from the cardiac vagus in lightly anesthetized normoxic fish included occasional bursts of activity related to spontaneous changes in ventilation amplitude, which increased the cardiac interval. Restricting the flow of aerated water irrigating the gills resulted in increased respiratory effort and bursts of respiration-related activity in the cardiac vagus that seemed to cause f(H) to couple with f(R). Cell bodies of cardiac vagal pre-ganglionic neurons were located in two distinct groups within the dorsal vagal motor column having an overlapping distribution with respiratory motor-neurons. A small proportion of cardiac vagal pre-ganglionic neurons (2%) was in scattered positions in the ventrolateral medulla. This division of cardiac vagal pre-ganglionic neurons into distinct motor groups may relate to their functional roles in determining cardiorespiratory interactions.

Occurrence and ultrastructural characterization of "nuage" during oogenesis and early spermatogenesis of Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Teleostei

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F. C. Abdalla

Full Text Available We investigated the occurrence and ultrastructurally characterized electrondense nuclear material (nuage released from the nucleus during oogenesis and early spermatogenesis of Piaractus mesopotamicus, a fish from Pantanal Matogrossense (Brazil having a seasonal reproductive cycle. The female germ cells presented two instances of nuclear material extrusion: in the oogonia and in the oocyte in the perinucleolar phase. In males, material with similar morphology and behavior occurred in the spematogonia. In all cases, this material was associated to mitochondria. The possible function of this material is discussed.

Influência de diferentes níveis de vitamina C na ração sobre parâmetros hematológicos de alevinos de Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg (Osteichthyes, Characidae Influence of different levels of vitamin C in the ration on the haematological parameters of Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg (Osteichthyes, Characidae fries

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Maurício Laterça Martins

1995-09-01

Full Text Available Haematological changes in ascorbic acid deficient fishes, observed by some authors, awoked the interest in the haematological response of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. The present work studied the influence of different levels of ascorbic acid (vitamin C in the ration on the haematological parameters of pacu. Fishes at the beginning of the experiment, presented average body weight 8.64±1.62g and 6.15±0.33cm standard length, were fed with diets containing 0. 50, 100 and 200mg ascorbic acid/kg dry ration. The present work was developed for a period of 24 weeks at the Fish Nutrition Laboratory of Aquaculture Center of Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp, Jaboticabal (São Paulo. The fishes were distributed by the completely randomized design in 20 aquaria of 100 liters capacity with six animals in each and five fold treatment. Condutivity, alcalinity. pH and oxigen were measured weekly and temperature daily. The blood colect was done in 60 anesthetized fishes with 50mg MS-222/1. The results suggests that 50mg ascorbic acid/kg dry ration improved the mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and decreased haematocril in unsupplemented fishes, although not differing significantly (P>0.05. The erytrocyte diameter indicated the presence of macrocytic cells in unsupplemented fishes (P<0.05 and the regression analysis showed too reduced neutrophils in unsupplemenled ones, 50mg ascorbic acid/kg dry ration supplementation was enough to development and haematological responses. Furthtermore, the optimum level to the growth is 139mg vitamin C/kg dry ration (P<0.05.

Parâmetros sangüíneos de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 alimentados com dietas suplementadas com cromo trivalente em duas densidades de estocagem - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i4.1019 Hematological parameters of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 fed diets supplemented with trivalent chromium in two stocking densities - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i4.1019

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Flávio Ruas de Moraes

2008-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com cromo trivalente (0, 6, 12 e 18 mg kg-1 de ração sobre as variáveis hematológicas de Piaractus mesopotamicus, mantidos em duas densidades de estocagem (4 e 20 kg m-3. Os mantidos na maior densidade e alimentados com dietas suplementadas com 0 e 6 mg de cromo kg-1 apresentaram redução do número de linfócitos circulantes, sugerindo má adaptação a essa condição de alta densidade. Nas dietas suplementadas com 12 e 18 mg kg-1, tal efeito não foi observado, porém verificou-se aumento do número de trombócitos no tratamento com 12 mg de cromo kg-1. A inexistência de diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, aos 30 dias, sugere a adaptação dos peixes ao tipo de alimento e à situação de alta densidade. Portanto, nas condições deste ensaio, a suplementação com 12 e 18 mg de cromo kg-1 é interessante como estratégia alimentar durante 15 dias.This work evaluated the effects of chromium supplementation on the hematological parameters of Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 maintained in two stocking densities. Fish were fed diets supplemented with 0, 6, 12 and 18 mg trivalent chromium kg-1 dry ration and maintained at 4 and 20 kg m-3. The fish under high stocking density and fed diets supplemented with 0 and 6 mg kg-1 showed reduction in the number lymphocytes, which suggests non-adaptation to this condition of high density. This was not observed in fish fed diets supplemented with 12 and 18 mg chromium kg-1, but an increase in the number of thrombocytes was evident. The lack of difference between treatments after 30 days may suggest a possible adaptation of fish to the situation. It can be added that supplementation with 12 and 18 mg chromium kg-1 is an interesting feeding strategy for a period of 15 days.

Myxosporidiosis in intensively-reared Piaractus mesopotamicus: Histopathological diagnosis by means of Ziehl-Neelsen staining

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Wilson G. Manrique

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Samples of different organs from intensively-reared Piaractus mesopotamicus were collected and processed using routine histological techniques in order to produce thin sections for staining with hematoxylin-eosin and with the Ziehl-Neelsen method. Through examination under an optical microscope, myxosporidians of the genera Henneguya sp. and Myxobolus sp. were identified, respectivelyin the gills and kidneys of P. mesopotamicus. Plasmodia with immature spores of Henneguya sp. were located along the secondary lamellae, with total length of 30.45±4.84µm and width of 3.52±0.33µm. Spores of Myxobolus sp. were located in the kidneys, with total length of 8.94±0.82µm and width of 5.59±0.39µm. Histopathological analysis of the gills showed plasmodia containing spores of Henneguya sp., at intralamellar and intravascular localities, at different stages of development. Spores of Myxobolus sp. were identified in the kidneys, in the peritubular region and in the interstices and glomerulus, surrounded by melanomacrophages. Focal hemorrhage was recorded in a few cases. Ziehl-Neelsen staining allowed to identify particular features of the spores and facilitated biometry and enabled classification in comparison with hematoxylin-eosin, thus demonstrating its usefulness for histopathological diagnosis of the parasitosis.

Histopatologia de fígado, rim e baço de piaractus mesopotamicus, prochilodus lineatus e pseudoplatystoma fasciatum parasitados por myxosporídios, capturados no Rio Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil Histopathology of liver, kidney and spleen of Piaractus mesopotamicus, Prochilodus lineatus and Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum infected by myxosporean parasite, caugth in Aquidauana River, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

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Cristiane M. de Campos

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo descreveu a histopatologia de rim, baço e fígado de Piaractus mesopotamicus, Prochilodus lineatus e Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, parasitados por mixosporídios, capturados no Rio Aquidauana, MS. Após necropsia, amostras do fígado, rim cefálico e baço foram colhidas, fixadas em formalina a 10 % tamponada e processadas de acordo com a rotina histológica. Os cortes foram feitos à espessura de 5 μm e corados com hematoxilina-eosina. Foram encontrados Myxobolus porofilus em P. lineatus, M. colossomatis em P. mesopotamicus e Myxobolus spp. nas três espécies de hospedeiros. Cistos de mixosporídios no exame histopatológico foram vistos no fígado e baço de P. mesopotamicus. Mais de 50% das amostras de fígado de P mesopotamicus e P lineatus apresentou hepatodistrofia difusa. Mais de 80 % das amostras de fígado de P. fasciatum apresentou formações hialinas concêntricas e esteatose em 50% das amostras. Em 95,23 % das amostras de rins de P. mesopotamicus, foram observadas alterações teciduais, e em mais de 60 % dos casos nefrodistrofia difusa moderada e congestão de sinusóides glomerulares. Alterações teciduais nas amostras de rins de P. lineatus foram observadas em menos de 20 % da amostra. No baço dos peixes ora examinados não foram encontradas lesões dignas de relato.Histological analysis of kidney, spleen and liver of Piaractus mesopotamicus, Prochilodus lineatus and Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, infected by myxosporean, caugth in Aquidauana river, MS, was studied. After necropsy, samples of liver, previous kidney and spleen were fixed in 10 % buffered formalin and processed followed histological routine methods. Sections of 5 μm were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Myxobolusporofilus, M. colossomatis and were found in P. lineatus, in P. mesopotamicus respectively and Myxobolus spp. Were also found in all three species of fish. Myxosporideans cysts in the liver and spleen of P mesopotamicus were also related. Up

Métodos de coleta de fezes e determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade da fração protéica e da energia de alimentos para o pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 Fecal collection methods and determination of crude protein and of gross energy digestibility coefficients of feedstuffs for pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887

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Eduardo Gianini Abimorad

2004-10-01

Full Text Available Para melhorar a alimentação do pacu (Piaracatus mesopotamicus, é necessário conhecer o nível de aproveitamento dos ingredientes utilizados em suas dietas. Neste trabalho, inicialmente, foram analisados quatro métodos de coleta de fezes, em função da precisão e da versatilidade (dissecação, extrusão, Guelph e Guelph modificado, e o tempo entre as coletas de fezes nos sistemas de Guelph, por intermédio do coeficiente de digestibilidade da proteína bruta de uma dieta-referência para o pacu. Não houve diferença entre os métodos de coleta de fezes; já os intervalos de tempo das coletas apresentaram diferenças, podendo interferir nos resultados de digestibilidade da proteína. Em uma segunda etapa, para determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína e da energia de cinco concentrados protéicos de origem animal, cinco de origem vegetal e quatro energéticos, foram utilizadas rações elaboradas com 69,5% de uma dieta-referência, 30% do ingrediente teste e 0,5% de Cr2O3, utilizando o método de extrusão manual para a coleta de fezes. Os valores de digestibilidade da proteína da maioria dos alimentos apresentaram-se altos e não variaram estatisticamente, de 93,89 a 75,73% para o farelo de trigo e a farinha de penas, respectivamente. Entretanto, a farinha de sangue e a levedura apresentaram valores de digestibilidade da fração protéica significativamente inferiores (57,72 e 68,86%, respectivamente. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da energia dos alimentos variaram consideravelmente, apresentando altos valores (acima de 90% para o sorgo, o farelo de arroz e as sojas crua e tostada, e baixos valores (menores que 70% para as farinhas de vísceras e de sangue, os farelos de soja e de algodão e a levedura. Quanto aos métodos de coleta de fezes, conclui-se que qualquer um pode ser adotado para a determinação de digestibilidade, desde que sejam rigorosamente aplicados. De maneira geral, a maioria dos

Gastrointestinal transit of extruded or pelletized diets in pacu fed distinct inclusion levels of lipid and carbohydrate

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Claucia Aparecida Honorato

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of pelletized or extruded diets, with different levels of carbohydrate and lipid, on the gastrointestinal transit time (GITT and its modulation in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus. One hundred and eighty pacu juveniles were fed with eight isonitrogenous diets containing two carbohydrate levels (40 and 50% and two lipid levels (4 and 8%. Four diets were pelletized and four were extruded. Carbohydrate and lipid experimental levels caused no changes to the bolus transit time. However, the bolus permanence time was related to diet processing. Fish fed pelletized diets exhibited the highest gastrointestinal transit time. Regression analysis of bolus behavior for pelletized and extruded diets with 4% lipid depicted different fits. GITT regression analysis of fish fed 8% lipid was fitted to a cubic equation and displayed adjustments of food permanence, with enhanced utilization of the diets, either with extruded or pelletized diets. GITT of fish fed extruded diets with 4% lipid was adjusted to a linear equation. The GITT of pacu depends on the diet processing and is affected by dietary levels of lipid and carbohydrate.

Evaluation of the haematological parameters in Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg (Osteichthyes, Characidae with Argulus sp. (Crustacea, Branchiura infestation and treatment with organophosphate

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Marcos Tavares-Dias

1999-06-01

Full Text Available Haematological parameters as erythrocytes, leukocytes and plasma glucose in Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 were analyzed. Fish were parasitized with Argulus sp. (Crustacea, Branchiura and treated with 0.4 mg of thriclorphon 500/L water. The effects of parasitism and the action of the treatment were evaluated. Parasitized fish showed greater number of monocytes (P>0.05 and special granulocitic cells (P0.05. Organophosphate treatment presented significantly reduction (P>0.05 in red blood cells (RBC and hemoglobin.

Stress responses in juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus submitted to repeated air exposure = Respostas de estresse em juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus submetidos à exposição aérea repetitiva

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Jaqueline Dalbello Biller

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Pacu juveniles (5.2 ± 1.5 g were submitted to two one-minute air exposures in a 24h interval, and sampled before the exposure (control and 5, 15, 30 and 60 min., 24 and 48h afterwards for whole-body cortisol, sodium, potassium and calcium ion concentrations. For the first air exposure, there was a trend of increased cortisol concentration after 15 min., whereas in the second air exposure, the cortisol concentration increased significantly within 5 min. after stress was induced. Sodium ion concentrationincreased significantly 24h after both air exposures. Potassium concentration presented fluctuations over the experimental period. Calcium ion concentration increased progressively from 5 to 30 min., in both air exposures. The repeated air exposures exacerbated the cortisol response, but they did not affect the recovery ability of pacu over the experimental period. Additionally, the whole-body cortisol measurement might be a reliable indicator of stress, when sampled fish are smaller and blood volumes are very low, making samples inadequate for analysis.Juvenis de pacu (5,2 ± 1,5 g foram submetidos a duas exposições aéreas de um minuto, em intervalo de 24 horas, e amostradosantes da exposição (controle e 5, 15, 30 e 60 min., 24 e 48 horas depois para análise da concentração corporal de cortisol e dos íons sódio, potássio e cálcio. Na primeira exposição, os peixes apresentaram concentrações de cortisol aumentadas a partir de 15 min., embora não diferissem estatisticamente do controle. Na segunda exposição, a concentração de cortisol aumentou significativamente aos 5 min., retornando às concentrações equivalentes às dos peixes-controle em 30 min.. A concentração do íon sódio aumentousignificativamente 24 horas depois das duas exposições aéreas. A concentração do íon potássio apresentou flutuações durante o experimento, enquanto a do cálcio apresentou-se reduzida aos 5 min, aumentando gradativamente até os 30

Considerações sobre a reprodução artificial e alevinagem de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887 em viveiros Considerations on artificial reproduction and fingerling culture of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887 in ponds

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Carlos Roberto Padovani

2000-05-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a reprodução artificial, incubação e alevinagem de pacu em viveiros de terra. As técnicas de propagação artificial possibilitam o suprimento de ovos para uma grande variedade de peixes destinados à criação em viveiros e outros corpos de água confinados, bem como para sistemas superintensivos. Essas técnicas tornaram igualmente possível introduzir várias espécies importantes de peixes em áreas geográficas separadas. Além disso, permitem a incubação, a eclosão de ovos e larvicultura em condições bem protegidas e independentes das condições climáticas. Dependendo do sistema, 20 a 70% dos ovos produzidos têm possibilidade de se transformarem em alevinos; em contrapartida, a taxa de sobrevivência, sob condições naturais, geralmente é muito inferior a 1% dos ovos produzidosThis paper presents a literature review on pacu artificial reproduction, incubation and fingerling culture of pacu in ponds. The techniques of artificial propagation facilitate egg supply for a great variety of fish set aside to be raised in ponds and other impounded water bodies, as well as for superintensive systems. Those techniques made it equally possible to introduce several important fish species in separate geographical areas. Besides, they allow incubation, eggs eclosion and larvae culture under protected conditions, independently of climatic conditions. Depending on the system perfection, 20 to 70% of the eggs are liable to hatch and produce fingerlings. On the other hand the survival rate under natural conditions is generally lower than 1% of eggs

Haematological characteristics of Brazilian Teleosts: III. Parameters of the hybrid tambacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg x Colossoma macropomum Cuvier (Osteichthyes, Characidae

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Marcos Tavares-Dias

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Fifty six specimens of the hybrid "tambacu" (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 male x Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818 female were collected from fishfarm of Guariba, São Paulo, to evaluate their haematology. Fishes presented 400.0 to 3,100.0 g total weight and 20.0 to 52.0 cm total length. Haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin content (MCHC and percentage of defense blood cells including leucocytes and thrombocytes, were studied. Statistical analysis showed positive correlation (P<0.01 between haematocrit, MCHC and haemoglobin rate. Nevertheless, thrombocytes and lymphocytes showed negative correlation (P<0.01.

Influence of aquatic plants on the predation of Piaractus mesopotamicus larvae by Pantala flavescens - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v32i2.5167 Influence of aquatic plants on the predation of Piaractus mesopotamicus larvae by Pantala flavescens - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v32i2.5167

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Carlos Eduardo Bento Fernandes

2010-05-01

Full Text Available The experiment aimed to study the influence of the aquatic plants E. najas, P. stratiotes and S. auriculata on the predation of P. mesopotamicus larvae by P. flavescens. One hundred and twenty larvae of P. mesopotamicus and 24 larvae of P. flavescens were placed in 24 aquariums with capacity of 12 L, with one Odonate per aquarium. Treatments were different regarding the species of aquatic plants E. najas, S. auriculata and P. stratiotes, with one control treatment without aquatic plants. One aquarium (12 L containing one Odonate and 30 P. mesopotamicus larvae was considered one experimental unit. After 18 hours, the Odonates were removed from the aquariums and fish larvae left (alive were counted in each experimental unit. The survival rate of P. mesopotamicus larvae in the treatment without aquatic plants (control was significantly lower than in the treatment with E. najas. However, the survival rates in the aquariums with floating aquatic plants did not differ from the control. The morphological characteristics of E. najas promoted higher structural complexity in the environment, offering more protection to the fish larvae, and increasing their survival. We concluded that the presence of the submerged aquatic plant E. najas promoted the reduction of predation of P. mesopotamicus larvae by Pantala flavescens. Larvae; Piaractus mesopotamicus; Pantala flavescens; predation; aquatic plantsThe experiment aimed to study the influence of the aquatic plants E. najas, P. stratiotes and S. auriculata on the predation of P. mesopotamicus larvae by P. flavescens. One hundred and twenty larvae of P. mesopotamicus and 24 larvae of P. flavescens were placed in 24 aquariums with capacity of 12 L, with one Odonate per aquarium. Treatments were different regarding the species of aquatic plants E. najas, S. auriculata and P. stratiotes, with one control treatment without aquatic plants. One aquarium (12 L containing one Odonate and 30 P. mesopotamicus larvae was

Ingestão de ração e comportamento de larvas de pacu em resposta a estímulos químicos e visuais Diet ingestion rate and pacu larvae behavior in response to chemical and visual stimuli

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Marcelo Borges Tesser

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar a influência dos estímulos visual e/ou químico de náuplios de Artemia e de dieta microencapsulada sobre a taxa de ingestão da dieta microencapusulada por larvas de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus. Utilizou-se um esquema fatorial 7 x 4 (estímulos e idades com duas repetições. Verificou-se efeito da idade das larvas e dos estímulos, mas não houve efeito para a interação idade ´ estímulos. O estímulo químico da Artemia e ambos os estímulos da Artemia resultaram em maior taxa de ingestão de dieta inerte. Resultado intermediário foi obtido com o estímulo visual da dieta microencapsulada. O estímulo químico, em comparação ao estímulo visual da Artemia, resultou em maiores taxas de ingestão da dieta. Com o aumento da idade, houve incremento na taxa de ingestão. Os estímulos visual e químico dos náuplios e o estímulo visual da ração aumentaram a ingestão de dieta inerte por larvas de pacu. Náuplios de Artemia devem ser oferecidos antes do fornecimento da dieta inerte, pois podem auxiliar no processo de transição alimentar. Os resultados deste trabalho apontaram novas possibilidades de estudos com larvas de peixes neotropicais visando a substituição precoce do alimento vivo para o inerte.The effect of visual, chemical and the combination of both stimuli from Artemia nauplii and from microencapsulated diet on dry diet ingestion by pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus larvae was evaluated in this research. The experiment was analyzed as a 7 x 4 factorial arrangement (seven stimuli and four ages with two replicates. It was observed effect of larvae age and stimuli, but no interaction (age ´ stimuli was observed. The chemical effect from Artemia and both effects from Artemia resulted in higher ingestion rates. An intermediary result was obtained with visual effect from microencapsulated diet. The chemical stimulus from Artemia resulted in higher ingestion rates than that

Praziquantel, levamisol e diflubenzuron no controle de Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea: Branchiura e Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae em Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes: Characidae Praziquantel, levamisole and diflubenzuron in the control of Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea: Branchiura and Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae in Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes: Characidae

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Sergio Henrique Canello Schalch

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a eficácia antiparasitária do praziquantel, levamisol e diflubenzuron administrados via oral, adicionados à ração, para pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus infectados por Anacanthorus penilabiatus e Dolops carvalhoi. Foram utilizadas 19 caixas d'água de 300 L de capacidade, comportando 28 peixes cada. Os tratamentos foram feitos misturando os princípios ativos nas dietas. A intensidade parasitária e eficácia foram avaliadas 1 dia antes e 3, 7 e 15 dias após o início da alimentação com ração contendo diflubenzuron, levamisol e praziquantel isolados ou associados em diferentes concentrações por 7 dias. Os resultados da eficácia terapêutica sugerem que, isoladamente ou associado com levamisol e praziquantel, o diflubenzuron é eficiente contra o crustáceo D. carvalhoi, demonstrando que a eficácia dos tratamentos nos dias 3, 7 e 15 variou de 96,2 a 100%. Contra os monogenóides, as drogas não apresentaram eficácia satisfatória. Os resultados sugerem o uso do diflubenzuron para o controle de D. cavalhoi em peixes de cativeiro e em condições de quarentenário.This assay evaluated the control efficacy of diflubenzuron, praziquantel and levamisole added to the diet of pacu (Piaractus mesoptamicus infected with Anacanthorus penilabiatus and Dolops carvalhoi. 19 water tanks of 300 L capacity were utilized with 28 fish in each one. The treatments were made by mixing the active principles in the diet. The experiment was evaluated in four harvests done 1 day before and 3, 7 and 15 days after the treatment. The medicated feeding was applied for 7 days. The results of efficacy suggest that the diflubenzuron alone or associated with levamisole and praziquantel was efficient against the crustacean D. carvalhoi and the efficacy in the 3, 7 and 15 days evaluations ranged from 96,2 to 100%. Against the monogenean the drugs did not present efficacy. The results suggest the use of diflubenzuron for the control of D

Inflamación crónica granulomatosa en el pez teleósteo Piaractus mesopotamicus: modelo de estudio histopatológico

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G Manrique, Wilson; AP Figueiredo, Mayra; Belo, Marco AA; Martins, Maurício L; Moraes, Flávio R

2017-01-01

Objetivo. Este estudio evaluó la cinética celular y la formación de granuloma durante la inflamación crónica inducida por el Bacilo Calmette-Guérin (BCG) en el músculo esquelético de Piaractus mesopotamicus, como modelo histopatológico para estudiar la inmunidad innata. Materiales y métodos. Sesenta peces fueron divididos en dos grupos: peces inoculados con BCG y no inoculados y la respuesta inflamatoria analizada en 3, 7, 14, 21 y 33 días post-inóculo (DPI) por medio del análisis histopatoló...

Eficácia do fembendazole no controle de nematódeos de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1987 The efficiency of fembendazole in the control of nematodes in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1987

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Jorge Erick Garcia Parra

1997-06-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho foi realizado no Centro de Pesquisa e Treinamento em Aquicultura (CEPTA/1BAMA, município de Pirassununga, SP. Foram utilizados 60 pacus, dos viveiros da Estação de Piscicultura do CEPTA, com peso médio de 600g. Foi realizado um teste visando avaliar o efeito do Femben-dazote (adicionado no alimento em diferentes dosagens, sobre os nematódeos presentes no tubo intestinal do pacu, utilizando três tratamentos: Tl - grupo testemunha (ração sem Fembendazole, T2 - 20mg de Fembendazole/kg de ração e T3 - 40mg de Fembendazo-le/kg de ração. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado. A unidade experimental foi o peixe. Não houve diferença significativa (P 0,05 entre os tratamentos com anti-helmintico Fembendazole nas dosagens de 20mg/kg e 40/ng/kg de ração e o grupo testemunha.This study was done at lhe Agricultural Centre for Training and Research (CEPTA/IBAMA m the municipality of Pirassununga, São Paulo. Sixty pacus, wilh an average weight of 600g were obtained from the nurseries of the fish statíon at CEPTA. An experiment to determine the ejfect of fenbendazole (added to the ration in varíous doses on nematodes in the alimentary canal ofthe pacu was realized using three treatments. Tl - contrai group (ration without fenbendazole, T2 - 20mg fenbendazole/kg ration, and T3 - 40mgfenbendazole/kg ration. The experimental ouüine was totally random. The fish was the experimental unit. There was no significam dijference (P 0.05 befween the treatments wilh the anti-helminthic fenbendazole added to the ration in doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg and the contrai group.

Predation of Piaractus mesopotamicus and Oreochromis niloticus larvae by Pantala flavescens with different length classes - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v33i4.5470 Predation of Piaractus mesopotamicus and Oreochromis niloticus larvae by Pantala flavescens with different length classes - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v33i4.5470

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Carlos Eduardo Bento Fernandes

2011-09-01

Full Text Available The experiment had as objective to study the survival of Piaractus mesopotamicus and Oreochromis niloticus larvae subject to predation by Pantala flavescens larvae with different length classes. We used 120 larvae of P. mesopotamicus, 120 of O. niloticus, and also 24 larvae of Pantala flavescens, distributed in 24 aquariums with useful volume for 2 L, being placed one Odonate for aquarium. The treatments differed as regard to the prey species and the predator size, being kept a control treatment. An aquarium (2 L containing one larvae of Odonate and 10 larvae of fish were considered an experimental unit. After the beginning, each three hours (18:00, 21:00, 0:00, 3:00, 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 18:00h, the remnant larvae of fish (alive in each experimental unit was quantified, and we replaced the consumed larvae, so that we always had 10 larvae of fish at each aquarium after each counting. For both fish species, there was a slight increase in consumption by the Odonate with intermediate size, but the values did not differ statistically (p > 0.05. Larvae of Odonate in the treatments with greater length presented a lower consumption (p The experiment had as objective to study the survival of Piaractus mesopotamicus and Oreochromis niloticus larvae subject to predation by Pantala flavescens larvae with different length classes. We used 120 larvae of P. mesopotamicus, 120 of O. niloticus, and also 24 larvae of Pantala flavescens, distributed in 24 aquariums with useful volume for 2 L, being placed one Odonate for aquarium. The treatments differed as regard to the prey species and the predator size, being kept a control treatment. An aquarium (2 L containing one larvae of Odonate and 10 larvae of fish were considered an experimental unit. After the beginning, each three hours (18:00, 21:00, 0:00, 3:00, 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 18:00h, the remnant larvae of fish (alive in each experimental unit was quantified, and we replaced the consumed larvae

Crescimento de juvenis de pacu em tanques com aeração noturna - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2122 Growth of pacu juveniles in nightly aerated system - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2122

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Evoy Zaniboni Filho

2003-04-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo avalia o efeito de duas densidades de estocagem (20 e 40 peixes/m2 e da aeração noturna da água dos tanques de cultivo do pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887. Um total de 12 tanques com fundo de terra e paredes de alvenaria foram utilizados em 4 tratamentos com 3 repetições cada. Foram utilizados alevinos com 30 dias de idade, pesando em média 1,93 ± 1,70g, e o experimento foi conduzido durante 60 dias. A aeração noturna possibilitou a obtenção de valores médios de oxigênio de 5,6 ± 0,5 e 5,8 ± 0,5mg O2/l para as densidades de 20 e 40 peixes/m2, enquanto nos tanques sem a aeração os valores de oxigênio foram de 4,3 ± 0,7 e 3,4 ± 0,7mg O2/l, respectivamente. A biomassa foi o único parâmetro que aumentou com a aeração noturna, enquanto que a sobrevivência e o crescimento apresentaram efeitos discretos.The present study evaluated the effects of two stocking densities (20 and 40 fish/m2 and nightly aeration on water quality and growth of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887. Twelve ponds with concrete walls and earthen bottom were used to set 4 treatments with 3 repetitions each. 30-day old fish with average weight (mean standard ± deviation of 1.93 ± 1.70g in the beginning of the experiment were observed for 60 days. Nightly aeration promoted 5.6 ± 0.5 and 5.8 ± 0.5mg O2/l at dawn in the population densities of 20 and 40 fish/m2, while the unaerated ponds allowed 4.3 ± 0.7 and 3.4 ± 0.7mg O2/l for these densities, respectively. Fish biomass was the only biological parameter increased by nightly aeration, while discrete effects were observed in growth and survival.

Microsatellite analysis of the parental contribution of Piaractus mesopotamicus to the production of offspring in the semi-natural system of reproduction

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Jayme Aparecido Povh

2010-04-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and the parental contribution of Piaractus mesopotamicus in the production of offspring in the semi-natural system of reproduction. Twenty parental fishes (eleven males and nine females and the total of 100 larvae were evaluated by microsatellite marker. The parents and offspring had thirty-one alleles and heterozygosity of 0.550 and 0.563, respectively. The females were fertilised by two up to six males while the males fertilised three up to five females. The contribution of the females and males to the offspring were 66.6 and 58%, respectively. Such results indicated no loss in the genetic variability in the offspring, and the parents had multiple paternity and reasonable contribution to the offspring production.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética e a contribuição parental de Piaractus mesopotamicus na produção de descendência no sistema seminatural de reprodução. Vinte peixes parentais (onze machos e nove fêmeas e o total de 100 larvas foram avaliados por meio do marcador microssátelite. Os parentais e a progênie tiveram trinta e um alelos e heterozigosidade de 0,550 e 0,563, respectivamente. As fêmeas foram fertilizadas por dois até seis machos enquanto machos fertilizaram três até cinco fêmeas. A contribuição de fêmeas e machos para a descendência seja 66,6 e 58,0%, respectivamente. Tais resultados não indicam diminuição da variabilidade genética na progênie e os parentais apresentaram paternidade múltipla e razoável contribuição à produção de descendência.

Individual, spatial and inter-sex variation in somatic growth: a study of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae, a long-distance freshwater Neotropical migratory fish

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Luzia da S. Lourenço

2017-06-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Growth is a fundamental biological process, driven by multiple endogenous (intra-individual and exogenous (environmental factors that maintain individual fitness and population stability. The current study aims to assess whether individual, spatial (headwaters and floodplains and inter-sex variation occurs in the growth of Piaractus mesopotamicus in the Cuiabá River basin. Samples were collected monthly from July 2006 to July 2007, at two areas in the Cuiabá River basin (headwaters and floodplain. Three growth models (individuals; individuals and sex factors; individuals and areas factors were developed and compared the fish growth parameters using Akaike information criterion (AIC. The best fit to the length-at-age data was obtained by a model that considered individual variation and sex. The theoretical maximum average length ( L∞ was 64.99 cm for females, and 63.23 cm for males. Females showed a growth rate (k of 0.230 yr-1and males of 0.196 yr-1. Thus, could be concluded that individual variability and sex were the main sources of variation in P. mesopotamicus somatic growth parameters.

Genetic diversity of pacu and piapara broodstocks in restocking programs in the rivers Paraná and Paranapanema (Brazil

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Nelson Mauricio Lopera-Barrero

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The genetic diversity of Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu and Leporinus elongatus (piapara broodstocks used in restocking programs in the rivers Paraná and Paranapanema is analyzed. One hundred and twenty specimens (two broodstocks of each species from fish ponds in Palotina PR Brazil and in Salto Grande SP Brazil were assessed. Ten primers produced 96 fragments, comprising 68 (70.83% and 94 (97.92% polymorphic fragments for P. mesopotamicus and L. elongatus broodstocks, respectively. Differences (p < 0.05 in the frequency of 15 and 27 fragments were detected for each species, without exclusive fragments. Shannon Index (0.347 - 0.572 and the percentage of polymorphic fragments (57.3% - 94.8% revealed high intra-population genetic variability for all broodstocks. Results of molecular variance analyses (AMOVA showed that most variations do not lie between the broodstocks but within each broodstock (89%. Genetic (0.088 and 0.142 and identity (0.916 and 0.868 distance rates demonstrated similarity between the broodstocks of each species, corroborated by Fst (0.1023 and 010.27 and Nm (4.18 and 4.33 rates, with a slight genetic difference due to genic flux. High intrapopulation genetic variability and similarity between the broodstocks of each species was also detected, proving a common ancestry.

Proposed method for agglutinating antibody titer analysis and its use as indicator of acquired immunity in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus

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JD Biller-Takahashi

Full Text Available Antibody can be assessed by agglutinating antibody titer which is a quantitative measure of circulating antibodies in serum from fish previously immunized. The antibody evaluation has been performed with different fish species, and is considered a reliable method that can be applied to confirm several hypothesis regarding acquired immunity, even in conjunction with precise methods to describe immune mechanisms. In order to provide appropriate analytical methods for future studies on the specific immune system of native fish, the present study standardized on assay to measure the serum agglutinating antibody titer produced after immunization with inactivated A. hydrophila and levamisole administration in pacu. It was possible to determine the agglutinating antibodies titer in a satisfactorily way in pacu immunized with inactive A. hydrophila, and the highest titers were observed on fish fed with levamisole.

Chronic granulomatous inflammation in teleost fish Piaractus mesopotamicus: histopathology model study

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Wilson G Manrique

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objective. This study evaluated the cell kinetic and formation of granuloma during chronic inflammation induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG in the skeletal muscle of Piaractus mesopotamicus, as a histopathology model to study innate immunity. Materials and methods. Sixty fish were divided in two groups: BCG-inoculated and non-inoculated fish and the inflammatory response analyzed 3, 7, 14, 21 and 33 days post-inoculation (DPI by histopathology after hematoxylin-eosin and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Results. 3 DPI of BCG showed a diffuse inflammatory reaction mostly composed by mononuclear cells. The inflammation continued diffuse 7 DPI initiating the cellular organization surrounding the inoculum and have continued at 14 DPI with discrete presence of epithelioid-like type cells with acidophilic cytoplasm and floppy chromatin. Higher cellular organization (21 DPI surrounding the granuloma with intense peripheral mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and nevertheless, an increase in the number of fibroblasts and macrophage-like cells was observed. The inflammatory process became less diffuse 33 DPI with formation of small amount of granuloma surrounded by the same type of reaction found in bigger granuloma. Both the young and old granuloma presented typical characteristic around the inoculum composed by a layer of epithelioid-like type cells, besides macrophages, some lymphocytes and abundant fibroblasts. Conclusions. This study showed the feasibility in the use of pacus to study chronic granulomatous inflammatory response induced by BCG, characterized by changes in the kinetics of inflammatory cells in skeletal muscle classifying as immune-epithelioid type, similar to granulomatous inflammation caused by M. marinum in teleost fish.

Stress responses in juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus submitted to repeated air exposure - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i1.3618 Stress responses in juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus submitted to repeated air exposure - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i1.3618

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Leonardo Susumu Takahashi

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Juvenis de pacu (5,2 Pacu juveniles (5.2 ± 1.5 g were submitted to two one-minute air exposures in a 24 h interval, and sampled before the exposure (control and 5, 15, 30 and 60 min, 24 and 48 h afterwards for whole-body cortisol, sodium, potassium and calcium ion concentrations. For the first air exposure, there was a trend of increased cortisol concentration after 15 min, whereas in the second air exposure, the cortisol concentration increased significantly within 5 min after stress was induced. Sodium ion concentration increased significantly 24 h after both air exposures. Potassium concentration presented fluctuations over the experimental period. Calcium ion concentration increased progressively from 5 to 30 min, in both air exposures. The repeated air exposures exacerbated the cortisol response, but they did not affect the recovery ability of pacu over the experimental period. Additionally, the whole-body cortisol measurement might be a reliable indicator of stress, when sampled fish are smaller and blood volumes are very low, making samples inadequate for analysis1,5 g foram submetidos a duas exposições aéreas de um minuto, em intervalo de 24 horas, e amostrados antes da exposição (controle e 5, 15, 30 e 60 min, 24 e 48 horas depois para análise da concentração corporal de cortisol e dos íons sódio, potássio e cálcio. Na primeira exposição, os peixes apresentaram concentrações de cortisol aumentadas a partir de 15 min, embora não diferissem estatisticamente do controle. Na segunda exposição, a concentração de cortisol aumentou significativamente aos 5 min, retornando às concentrações equivalentes às dos peixes-controle em 30 min. A concentração do íon sódio aumentou significativamente 24 horas depois das duas exposições aéreas. A concentração do íon potássio apresentou flutuações durante o experimento, enquanto a do cálcio apresentou-se reduzida aos 5 min, aumentando gradativamente até os 30 min

Aterações químicas e microbiológicas em PACU (piaractus mesopotamicus armazenado sob refrigeração a 5°c

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Mauro F.F. Leitão

1997-08-01

Full Text Available A pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de analisar a vida útil e o processo de deterioração do pacu (Piaractus mesopotanicus armazenado sob refrigeração em temperatura inadequada (5°C. Amostras do pescado, imediatamente após a captura, foram armazenadas a 5°C e analisadas nos intervalos de 0-7-14 e 21 dias, com relação a características sensoriais e de natureza química (bases nitrogenadas voláteis - BNV, nitrogênio não protéico - NNP, aminoácidos livres totais, histidina livre e histamina e microbiológicos (contagem padrão, produtores de histamina em ágar Niven, contagem de microrganismos gelatinase e H2S positivos, nas temperaturas de 35°C, 20° e 5°C. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram que, a exemplo de outros peixes fluviais de regiões tropicais, o pacu revelou-se bastante resistente ao armazenamento, somente evidenciando uma alteração marcante após 14 dias de estocagem. Assim mesmo, a rejeição do pescado foi baseada principalmente em características sensoriais (odor, aspecto, textura uma vez que com relação aos índices químicos (BNV e mesmo microbiológicos, não se caracterizava uma situação definitiva de deterioração e rejeição. Observou-se, também, que o processo de deterioração pareceu concentrar-se principalmente no muco superficial, sendo que as características químicas do tecido muscular não evidenciaram alterações marcantes, mesmo após 21 dias de armazenamento. A presença de histamina não foi positivada nas amostras e os níveis de histidina livre, embora relativamente elevadas, não sugerem maiores riscos desta espécie de peixe como eventual veículo de intoxicação por histamina. No entanto, bactérias his+ foram isoladas das amostras iniciais, entre elas cepas de Plesiomonas shigelloides e Vibrio fluvialis. A microbiota contaminante natural foi reduzida, predominando microrganismos mesófilos/psicrotrófilos, com baixas contagens iniciais a 5°C. Ao longo do armazenamento a 5�

Considerações sobre a reprodução artificial e alevinagem de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887) em viveiros Considerations on artificial reproduction and fingerling culture of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887) in ponds

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Carlos Roberto Padovani; Claudio Luiz Bock

2000-01-01

Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a reprodução artificial, incubação e alevinagem de pacu em viveiros de terra. As técnicas de propagação artificial possibilitam o suprimento de ovos para uma grande variedade de peixes destinados à criação em viveiros e outros corpos de água confinados, bem como para sistemas superintensivos. Essas técnicas tornaram igualmente possível introduzir várias espécies importantes de peixes em áreas geográficas separadas. Além disso, permitem a...

Eficácia do diflubenzuron no controle de Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea: Branchiura em jovens pacus Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes: Characidae naturalmente infectados - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i2.1235 Diflubenzuron effectiveness in Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea: Branchiura control in juvenile pacus Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes: Characidae naturally infected - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i2.1235

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Julieta Rodini Engrácia de Moraes

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Neste ensaio, avaliou-se a eficácia terapêutica do diflubenzuron contra o crustáceo Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea: Branchiura em pacus Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg 1887 (Osteichthyes: Characidae naturalmente infestados. A droga foi aplicada três vezes na concentração de 2,0 mg/L de água, na forma de banhos com trinta minutos de duração e intervalo de 24 horas. Um grupo controle foi submetido ao mesmo procedimento, sem a adição do fármaco à água. A avaliação parasitológica revelou que a eficácia da droga foi de 97,2%. No grupo tratado houve redução da glicemia, aumento da quantidade de eritrócitos, redução do percentual de células granulocíticas especiais e aumento da quantidade de trombócitos circulantes coincidentes com a eliminação dos parasitos, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Os resultados indicam que ocorreu melhora marcante na saúde dos peixesThis research evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of diflubenzuron against Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacean: Branchiura in Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes: Characidae naturally infested. The drug was applied three times, at a dose of 2.0 mg/L of water, in the form of baths within thirty minutes and an interval of 24 hours. A control group was submitted to the same procedure, but without pharmaco in the water. The parasitological evaluation showed that the drug effectiveness was 97.2%. In the treated group there were glycemia reduction, increase in the erythrocyte number, decrease in the percentage of special granulocytic cells and increase in the number of circulant trombocytes similar to the parasites elimination when compared to the control group. Results showed an important improvement in fish health

Phenotypic plasticity associated to environmental hypoxia in the neotropical serrasalmid Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae

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María Alejandra Fernández-Osuna

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Many South American characid fishes develop reversible dermal protuberances in the jaws to optimize aquatic surface respiration (ASR during hypoxia. To date, basic aspects of this adaptation remain unknown, mainly due to the scarcity of experimental studies. In laboratory experiments, we determined time necessary for the complete formation and reversion of these structures in Piaractus mesopotamicus , and studied comparatively behavioral, morphological, and respiratory responses along gradients of dissolved oxygen (DO concentration. Morphological changes during hypoxia consisted in dermal protuberances of lower lip, anterior border of maxillary and distal border of opercular valve, increasing the known number of structures modified. These structures developed completely in less than 6 hours and reversed in less than 3 hours. Most of observed traits showed a logistic response curve with threshold DO values between 0.90 and 2.70 mgL-1. Respiratory frequency and opercular valve development showed similar threshold values above the level of tolerance of DO, whereas ASR and dermal protuberances of the jaws showed threshold values below this level. This observation supports the functional link between these groups of behavioral and morphological traits. This study demonstrates that this species is able to modify reversibly portions of the respiratory system to optimize responses to hypoxia.

Gills of juvenile fish piaractus mesopotamicus as histological biomarkers for experimental sub-lethal contamination with the Organophosphorus Azodrin®400

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Cácia Aparecida Mendes Rudnicki

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Piaractus mesopotamicus is a freshwater native fish from rivers of the Paraná-Paraguay Basin and of the Pantanal region and has been used for repopulation programs in Brazil. Juvenile fishes were exposed to the sub-lethal dose of 1.08mg/L of the OP Azodrin®400 containing 0.43µL/L of the active principle monocrotophos for 96 h. A frequent pathology in the gills at all times of exposure was epithelial detachment, from minimal until 24 h of exposure, to intense after 48 h of contamination. Deformed pillar cells in the respiratory lamellae leading to irregular blood spaces and blood congestion, as well as hyperplasia and lamellar fusion were observed. These histopathologies suggested that 48 h after T0 was an important time when a reduction in the capability for gaseous exchange with consequent weakening of the fishes' condition could occur. This could impair growth and development of juveniles introduced in water bodies for repopulation programs.Piaractus mesopotamicus é um peixe de água doce encontrado na Bacia Paraná-Paraguai e na região do Pantanal, tendo sido usado em programas de repovoamento no Brasil. Peixes juvenis foram expostos por 96 horas à dose sub-letal de 1.08mg/L do organofosforado (OP Azodrin®400 que contém 0,43µL/L do principio ativo monocrotofós. A patologia freqüente nas brânquias foi o descolamento epitelial que variou de mínimo nas primeiras 24 horas a severo ou intenso após 48 horas de contaminação. Deformações e degeneração de células pilares nas lamelas respiratórias levando à formação de espaços sanguíneos irregulares e congestão sanguínea, hiperplasia e fusão lamelar também foram observadas. Sugere-se que 48 horas após o T0 é um tempo crítico após exposição a níveis subletais de OP, pois a capacidade de trocas gasosas poderá ter diminuído, levando ao enfraquecimento dos peixes. Os sintomas poderão prejudicar o desenvolvimento dos juvenis introduzidos em corpos de água em

Growth and hematology of juvenile pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887 fed with increasing levels of vitamin E (DL-α-tocopheryl acetate

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RICARDO Y. SADO

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Intensive fish production systems are characterized by 100% artificial feeding, so any dietary imbalances or deficiencies may lead to diseases outbreaks and economic losses. This study was set out to determine the effects of increasing levels of dietary vitamin E on growth and hematology of juvenile pacu. Fishes were fed for 90 days, twice a day until apparent satiation with semi-purified diets containing 0.0; 25; 50; 150; 300 or 600 mg.kg−1 diet DL-α-tocopheryl acetate in a completely randomized design trial (n=4; biometrical and hematological data were collected and analyzed. Fishes fed with vit E diet (150 mg.kg−1 showed higher (p<0.05 weight gain and specific growth. Hematocrit, erythroblast number and total plasma protein were increased (p<0.05 in fishes fed diet with no vit E diet. Vitamin E supplementation in artificial diets for pacu is essential for growth and maintenance of normal erythropoiesis.

Trichodina colisae (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae: new parasite records for two freshwater fish species farmed in Brazil Trichodina colisae (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae: novo registro de parasito para duas espécies de peixes de água doce cultivadas no Brasil

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Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Family Trichodinidae comprises ciliate protozoa distributed worldwide; they are considered some of the main parasitological agents infecting cultivated fish. However, the trichodinidae parasitizing important fish species cultured in Brazil are unknown, and more taxonomic studies on this group of parasites are required. This research morphologically characterizes Trichodina colisae Asmat & Sultana, (2005 of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus and patinga hybrid (P. mesopotamicus × P. brachypomus cultivated in the central and southeast regions of the country. Fresh assemblies were made from mucus scraped from the skin, fins and gills, fixed with methanol and, subsequently, impregnated with silver nitrate and stained with Giemsa for assessment under light microscopy. This research reports not only the second occurrence of T. colisae in the world, but also its first occurrence in South America.Tricodinídeos são protozoários ciliados móveis com ampla distribuição mundial; são considerados um dos agentes parasitários que mais acometem peixes cultivados. No Brasil, a maioria dos tricodinídeos que parasitam importantes espécies de peixes cultivados são desconhecidos, o que requer mais estudos taxonômicos com esse grupo de parasitos. Este estudo caracteriza morfologicamente Trichodina colisae Asmat & Sultana, 2005 de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus e do híbrido patinga (P. mesopotamicus × P. brachypomus cultivados, respectivamente, no Centro-Oeste e Sudeste do Brasil. Foram feitas montagens a fresco do raspado de muco da pele, nadadeiras e brânquias, fixados com metanol e, posteriormente, impregnados com nitrato de prata e coradas com Giemsa para avaliação em microscopia óptica. O presente estudo relata não só a segunda ocorrência de T. colisae no mundo, mas também a primeira ocorrência na América do Sul.

Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de “pesque-pague” do município de Guariba, São Paulo, Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v28i3.253 Parasitic fauna of cultivated fishes in fee fishing farm of Guariba, São Paulo State, Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v28i3.253

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Julieta Rodini Engracia de Moraes

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho descreve a ocorrência e a sazonalidade de parasitos em peixes de “pesque-pague” do município de Guariba, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (21º15`22``S, 48º18`58``W e 595 m de altitude, durante o período de agosto de 2001 a julho de 2002. A presença de parasitos foi pesquisada em pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae, carpa comum Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae, tilápia-do-Nilo Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae, híbrido tambacu (macho de P. mesopotamicus x fêmea de tambaqui-Colossoma macropomum e piraputanga Brycon hillari (Characidae. Os resultados demonstram que dos 100 peixes examinados, 15% estavam parasitados por pelo menos um dos seguintes parasitos: Trichodina sp.; helmintos monogenóides; copepoditos de Lernaea cyprinacea; L. cyprinacea adulta ou Dolops carvalhoi. Por ordem decrescente, o grau de suscetibilidade dos hospedeiros foi C. carpio, P. mesopotamicus, B. hillari, híbrido tambacu e O. niloticus. Por ordem decrescente, os parasitos encontrados foram helmintos monogenóides, Dolops carvalhoi, Trichodina sp., Lernaea cyprinacea adultas e suas formas jovens.This study describes the occurrence and the seasonality of parasites of cultivated fish from a fee fishing farm located in Guariba, São Paulo State, Brazil (21º15`22`` S, 48º18`58`` W and 595 m of altitude, from August, 2001 to July, 2002. The presence of parasites was researched in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae, common carp Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae, nile-tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae, tambacu hybrid (male of P. mesopotamicus x female of tambaqui-Colossoma macropomum and piraputanga Brycon hillari (Characidae. Results demonstrate that out of 100 fish examined, 15% were sponged for at least one of the following parasites: Trichodina sp.; monogenean helminths; copepodits of Lernaea cyprinacea; adults of L. cyprinacea; or Dolops carvalhoi. In decreasing order, the susceptibility degree of the hosts was C. carpio, P. mesopotamicus, B

Evaluation of methods to estimate the essential amino acids requirements of fish from the muscle amino acid profile

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Álvaro José de Almeida Bicudo

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Many methods to estimate amino acid requirement based on amino acid profile of fish have been proposed. This study evaluates the methodology proposed by Meyer & Fracalossi (2005 and by Tacon (1989 to estimate amino acids requirement of fish, which do exempt knowledge on previous nutritional requirement of reference amino acid. Data on amino acid requirement of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, were used to validate de accuracy of those methods. Meyer & Fracalossi's and Tacon's methodology estimated the lysine requirement of pacu, respectively, at 13 and 23% above requirement determined using dose-response method. The values estimated by both methods lie within the range of requirements determined for other omnivorous fish species, the Meyer & Fracalossi (2005 method showing better accuracy.

Efeito do ambiente pós-transporte na recuperação dos indicadores de estresse de pacus juvenis, Piaractus mesopotamicus = Effect of post-transport environment on the stress indicators recovery of pacu juveniles , Piaractus mesopotamicus

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Leonardo Susumu Takahashi

2006-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a recuperação das respostas fisiológicas de estresse após transporte de pacus em diferentes condições de es tocagem. Após transporte por 2h30min, os peixes foram transferidos para tanque de terra ou para caixas de polietileno em laboratório. Houve significativa redução dos valores de cortisol observados na chegada 24 horas depois, nas duas condições de estocagem , enquanto a concentração de glicose caiu significativamente 72 horas depois nos peixes estocados no tanque de t 1erra e 120 horas nos peixes estocados no laboratório. A osmolalidade, sódio, potássio e cloreto suger em um retorno à homeostase durante o perío do de recuperação, principalmente nos peixes no tanque de terra. Os parâmetros hematológicos, sem efeito da condição de estocagem, não se caracterizaram indicadores sensíveis. Após o transporte, uma prática de manejo que causa estresse em peixes, o retorno às condições normais foi favorecido quando os pacus foram estocados em tanque de terra.The aim of this work was to evaluate the recovery of physiological stress responses after the transport of pacu juveniles in different stocking conditions. After being transported for 2 h30min, fish were transferred to earthen ponds or indoor polyethylene boxes. There was a significant reduction of cortisol values registered at fish arrival , 24 hours after, in both stocking conditions . The glucose concentration reduced significantly 72 hours after in fish stocked in earthen ponds , and 120 hours in fish stocked indoor. Osmolality, sodium, potassium and chloride behavior suggested the re-establishment of the homeostasis during the recovery period, mainly in fish kept in the earthen ponds. Concerning the hematological parameters, only hemoglobin concentration reduced significantly in the recovery period , without effect of stockingcondition, which does not characterize feasible indicators. After transport, a management

Copper sulfate acute ecotoxicity and environmental risk for tropical fish

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Adilson Ferreira da Silva

2014-10-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to estimate copper sulfate acute toxicity and to determine death percentage and environmental risk on guppy fish (Phallocerus caudimaculatus, zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio, mato grosso (Hyphessobrycon eques, and pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fish were exposed to 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10, and 0.30 mg L-1 (guppy, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10, and 0.30 mg L-1 (zebrafish, 0.07, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 mg L-1 (mato grosso and 9.5, 10.0, 10.5, 11.0, 11.5, and 12.0 mg L-1 (pacu of copper sulfate, with triplicate control. The estimated 50% average lethal concentrations (LC50; 96 hours were 0.05 (guppy, 0.13 (zebrafish; 0.16 (mato grosso and 10.36 mg L-1 (pacu. Copper sulfate was extremely toxic for guppy, highly toxic for zebrafish and mato grosso and lightly toxic for pacu and presents environmental risk of high adverse effects on the guppy, zebrafish and mato grosso and moderate adverse effect to the pacu. Therefore, the guppy fish, zebrafish, and mato grosso are important alternatives for copper sulfate toxicity evaluation in waterbodies.

Fontes e níveis de proteína bruta em dietas para alevinos de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus

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Fernandes João Batista Kochenborger

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Foi conduzido um experimento, com 100 dias duração, utilizando-se 288 alevinos de pacu, distribuídos em 36 caixas de cimento amianto com volume de 100 litros, para avaliar a substituição da farinha de peixe por farelo de soja e os níveis protéicos nas dietas. Durante o período experimental, a temperatura média da água permaneceu em 28ºC e os demais parâmetros limnológicos (oxigênio dissolvido, pH, alcalinidade e condutividade apresentaram-se dentro dos níveis adequados para o desenvolvimento desta espécie. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, em que foram avaliados nove tratamentos em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, três níveis de proteína bruta (22, 26 e 30% e três níveis de substituição da farinha de peixe pelo farelo de soja (0, 50 e 100%. O nível de 26% de proteína bruta foi mais adequado. A farinha de peixe pode ser substituída parcial ou totalmente pelo farelo de soja, sem influir no ganho de peso, na conversão alimentar, na taxa de crescimento específico e na taxa de eficiência protéica dos alevinos. A substituição das fontes protéicas também não influenciou a composição corporal dos peixes, a eficiência de retenção de nitrogênio, o nitrogênio corporal, a gordura corporal e o nitrogênio e a gordura no ganho de peso.

Relação parasito-hospedeiro em peixes de pisciculturas da região de Assis, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. 2. Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 = Host-parasite relationship of fishes from fish farm in Assis region, São Paulo State, Brazil. 2. Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887

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Maria de los Angeles Perez Lizama

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 é uma das espécies nativas mais difundidas em pisciculturas no Brasil. Este estudo foi realizado em três pisciculturas do Estado de São Paulo, durante os meses de fevereiro a dezembro de 2004. Oitenta e três espécimes (92,2% estavamparasitados por pelo menos uma espécie de parasito. Oito espécies de ectoparasitos foram registradas. Anacanthorus penilabiatus, A. spatulathus e Mymarothecium sp. 2 foram classificadas como centrais, e Mymarothecium sp. 1, secundária. As demais foram consideradas satélites. Foi possível evidenciar que, apesar de as espécies serem altamente prevalentes, poucas delas foram abundantes. Anacanthorus penilabiatus apresentou correlação negativa e significativa entre a abundância de parasitismo e o comprimento-padrão do hospedeiro, na propriedade do município de Tarumã, Estado de São Paulo. Mymarothecium sp. 2 apresentou correlação positiva significativa na piscicultura de Cândido Mota, Estado de São Paulo. Neste estudo, os resultados do fator de condição relativo demonstram que somente na propriedade de Palmital, Estado de São Paulo, ocorreu correlaçãosignificativa entre o Kn e a abundância de parasitismo para algumas espécies. Anacanthorus penilabiatus e A. spatulathus apresentaram-se correlacionadas positivamente com a relação hepatossomática naspisciculturas dos municípios de Tarumã e Cândido Mota, Estado de São Paulo. Em se tratando da relação esplenossomática, somente a espécie de ergasilídeo apresentou-se negativa e significativamente correlacionada em Cândido Mota, Estado de São Paulo.Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887 is one of the most abundant native species in fish farmings in Brazil. This study was conducted in three fish farmings in São Paulo State, during February and December, 2004. Eighty-three specimens (92.2% were parasitized by at least one parasite species. Eight species of ectoparasites were registered

Aerocistite aguda induzida por tioglicolato, lipolisacarídeo e Aeromona hydrophila inativada em Piaractus mesopotamicus: efeitos hematológicos

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Julieta Rodini Engrácia de Moraes

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Os efeitos da injeção de tioglicolato, lipolissacarídio de Escherichia coli e Aeromonas hydrophila inativada na bexiganatatória de pacus, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae foram avaliados quanto às respostas de células vermelhas,leucócitos e trombócitos do sangue. Ensaios quantitativos de eritrócitos, leucócitos e trombócitos foram realizados6, 24 e 48 h após os estímulos e comparados com peixes que receberam solução salina 0,65% pela mesma via. Peixes inoculados com A. hydrophila apresentaram redução do número de eritrócitos e da taxa de hemoglobina enquanto ohematócrito aumentou 6 h após o estímulo. Os resultados mostraram que o tioglicolato e o LPS também induziram redução da hemoglobina e aumento do hematócrito. A contagem de trombócitos diminuiu 6 h após a inoculação deA. hydrophila inativada e aumentou 48 horas após a injeção de LPS. A contagem de leucócitos aumentou 6 h após ainoculação de A. hydrophila enquanto a de linfócitos a leucócitos granulares PAS positivos (PAS_LG diminuiu 24 hdepois. Peixes injetados com tioglicolato o LPS apresentaram aumento do número de LG_PAS em relação aos inoculadoscom A. hydrophila inativada ou grupo controle. A contagem de monócitos não foi afetada pelos diferentes agentes.

Expression of cellular components in granulomatous inflammatory response in Piaractus mesopotamicus model.

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Wilson Gómez Manrique

Full Text Available The present study aimed to describe and characterize the cellular components during the evolution of chronic granulomatous inflammation in the teleost fish pacus (P. mesopotamicus induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG, using S-100, iNOS and cytokeratin antibodies. 50 fish (120±5.0 g were anesthetized and 45 inoculated with 20 μL (40 mg/mL (2.0 x 10(6 CFU/mg and five inoculated with saline (0,65% into muscle tissue in the laterodorsal region. To evaluate the inflammatory process, nine fish inoculated with BCG and one control were sampled in five periods: 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 33rd days post-inoculation (DPI. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the marking with anti-S-100 protein and anti-iNOS antibodies was weak, with a diffuse pattern, between the third and seventh DPI. From the 14th to the 33rd day, the marking became stronger and marked the cytoplasm of the macrophages. Positivity for cytokeratin was initially observed in the 14th DPI, and the stronger immunostaining in the 33rd day, period in which the epithelioid cells were more evident and the granuloma was fully formed. Also after the 14th day, a certain degree of cellular organization was observed, due to the arrangement of the macrophages around the inoculated material, with little evidence of edema. The arrangement of the macrophages around the inoculum, the fibroblasts, the lymphocytes and, in most cases, the presence of melanomacrophages formed the granuloma and kept the inoculum isolated in the 33rd DPI. The present study suggested that the granulomatous experimental model using teleost fish P. mesopotamicus presented a similar response to those observed in mammals, confirming its importance for studies of chronic inflammatory reaction.

Diâmetro do ingrediente e a digestibilidade aparente de rações por duas espécies de peixes tropicais Ingredient diameter and apparent digestibility of diet by two tropical fish species

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Margarida Maria Barros

2002-04-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi realizado no Laboratório de Pesquisas em Nutrição de Organismos Aquáticos, da FMVZ - Unesp Campus de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, unidade integrada ao Centro de Aquicultura da Unesp. Teve por objetivo avaliar a influência do diâmetro do ingrediente alimentar (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5 mm, por meio da digestibilidade aparente de rações pela tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus L. (Perciformes cichlidae, e pelo pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg Characiformes, Characidae, com peso médio de 100,0 gramas. Foram determinados os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta e extrato etéreo. Estes tratamentos foram avaliados por meio de análise de variância em um esquema fatorial 2 x 5 (duas espécies de peixes e cinco diâmetros. Os resultados demonstram que existe interação significativa entre o diâmetro da partícula alimentar e a espécie, e que o diâmetro mais adequado da partícula para a confecção de rações apresenta-se entre 1,0 mm e 2,0 mm para o pacu e, de 1,5 mm para a tilápia do Nilo.This research was carried out at the Aquatic Organisms Nutrition Research Laboratory, FMVZ - Unesp - Campus of Botucatu, a unit of Aquaculture Center of Unesp (Universidade Estadual de São Paulo - Brazil. The objective was to evaluate the ingredient diameter influence (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and 2.5 mm, using the apparent digestibility of diets by Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. (Perciformes cichlidae and pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg Characiformes, Characidae. The coefficients were determined according to dry matter, crude protein and ether extract. These treatments were analyzed by variance analysis in the factorial design 2 x 5 (two fish species and five diameters. The result showed that there is significant interaction between ingredient diamater and species and that, the most appropriate ingredient diameter to manufacture fish diets is between 1.0 and 2.0 mm to pacu

Isolation and characterization of Flavobacterium columnare (Bernardet et al. 2002 from four tropical fish species in Brazil

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F. Pilarski

Full Text Available Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease in freshwater fish, implicated in skin and gill disease, often causing high mortality. The aim of this study was the isolation and characterization of Flavobacterium columnare in tropical fish in Brazil. Piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus, pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum and cascudo (Hypostomus plecostomus were examined for external lesions showing signs of colunmaris disease such as greyish white spots, especially on the head, dorsal part and caudal fin of the fish. The sampling comprised 50 samples representing four different fish species selected for study. Samples for culture were obtained by skin and kidney scrapes with a sterile cotton swabs of columnaris disease fish and streaked onto Carlson and Pacha (1968 artificial culture medium (broth and solid which were used for isolation. The strains in the liquid medium were Gram negative, long, filamentous, exhibited flexing movements (gliding motility, contained a large number of long slender bacteria and gathered into ‘columns'. Strains on the agar produced yellow-pale colonies, rather small, flat that had rhizoid edges. A total of four Flavobacterium columnare were isolated: 01 Brycon orbignyanus strain, 01 Piaractus mesopotamicus strain, 01 Colossoma macropomum strain, and 01 Hypostomus plecostomus strain. Biochemical characterization, with its absorption of Congo red dye, production of flexirubin-type pigments, H2S production and reduction of nitrates proved that the isolate could be classified as Flavobacterium columnare.

Avaliação do crescimento e do custo da alimentação do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 submetido a ciclos alternados de restrição alimentar e realimentação Evaluation of the growth and feeding costs of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus submitted to alternate cycles of feeding restriction and refeeding

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Valéria Leão Souza

2003-02-01

Full Text Available Avaliaram-se os efeitos da utilização de ciclos alternados de restrição alimentar e realimentação no crescimento do pacu, durante o período de engorda, e a viabilidade desta prática na produção comercial da espécie. Juvenis foram distribuídos em três tanques e submetidos a diferentes manejos alimentares, constituindo os tratamentos: A (alimentado ad libitum, B (restrição alimentar de 4 semanas, realimentado por 9 semanas e C (6 semanas de restrição alimentar, realimentado por 7 semanas, em um total de 13 semanas por ciclo (4 ciclos experimentais. No final de cada ciclo alimentar, 20 peixes de cada tratamento foram amostrados e os dados biométricos registrados. Os valores obtidos para peso, comprimento total e fator de condição (K foram submetidos a ANOVA e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento C é o mais indicado somente para outono/inverno, promovendo maior crescimento, menor custo com ração, baixa conversão alimentar e maior receita líquida parcial. Entretanto, durante as estações mais quentes do ano (primavera/verão outros programas de alimentação devem ser testados, utilizando-se períodos mais curtos de restrição alimentar. Quando se tratou da produção anual, o tratamento A respondeu melhor em termos de biomassa produzida, apesar do maior gasto com alimentação, visto que, com o aumento da temperatura, o crescimento dos peixes dos demais tratamentos ficou prejudicado.The present study evaluated the effects of alternating food restriction and refeeding cycles on the growth of pacu, during the growout phase and the viability of this practice in the commercial production of the species. Juvenile fish were distributed in 3 tanks and submitted to different feeding strategies: group A (fed ad libitum daily, B (food restricted to 4 weeks and refed for 9 weeks and C (food restricted to 6 weeks and refed for 7 weeks totalizing 13 weeks per cycle (4 experimental cycles

Características hematológicas, bioquímicas e biométricas de Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes: Characidae oriundos de cultivo intensivo - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v26i2.1647 Hematological, biochemical and biometric characteristics of Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes: Characidae, reared in captivity - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v26i2.1647

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Marcos Tavares Dias

2004-04-01

Full Text Available O estudo das características sangüíneas pode fornecer subsídios importantes para o diagnóstico e prognóstico das condições mórbidas em populações de peixes e, contribuir para a compreensão da fisiologia comparativa, relação filogenética, condições alimentares e outros parâmetros ecológicos. Foram estudados no teleósteo Piaractus mesopotamicus o eritrograma, leucograma, trombograma, a glicemia, o cortisol, a relação hepatosomática e a relação esplenosomática. Os valores da relação hepatosomática variaram de 0,67% a 2,79%, a relação esplenosomática de 0,011% a 0,108%, número de eritrócitos de 1,870 a 4,590 x 106/µL de sangue, concentração de hemoglobina de 5,7 a 12,1g/dL, hematócrito de 24,0% a 40,0%, volume corpuscular médio de 98,0 a 174,0fL, concentração da hemoglobina corpuscular média de 19,1 a 34,2g/dL, glicose plasmática de 40,6 a 89,2mg/dL e cortisol plasmático de 4,73 a 110,5ng/dL. O número de trombócitos totais variou de 12160,0 a 89280,0/µL de sangue e leucócitos de 2019,0 a 47473,0/µl de sangue. Na contagem diferencial de leucócitos foram observados 54,1% de linfócitos; 10,9% de neutrófilos; 10,3% de monócitos; 9,9% de leucócitos granulares PAS-positivos (LG-PAS; 6,7% de eosinófilos; 0,3% de basófilos e 7,8% de leucócitos imaturos. Variações intraespecíficas foram observadas em todas as características estudadas, podendo ser consideradas como normais, no que tange aos peixes. Não se deve esperar, portanto, que as características biológicas em peixes apresentem- se distribuídas normalmenteHematological characteristics are important tools for diagnosis and prognostic features in fish population and they contribute to the comprehension of comparative physiology, phylogenetic relation, food habit and other ecological parameters. Red blood cell count (RBC, white blood cell count (WBC, thrombocytes counts, glucose, cortisol, hepatosomatic and splenosomatic relation were

Efeito do ambiente pós-transporte na recuperação dos indicadores de estresse de pacus juvenis, Piaractus mesopotamicus - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v28i4.610 Effect of post-transport environment on the stress indicators recovery of pacu juveniles , Piaractus mesopotamicus - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v28i4.610

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Jaqueline Dalbello Biller

2006-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a recuperação das respostas fisiológicas de estresse após transporte de pacus em diferentes condições de es tocagem. Após transporte por 2h30min, os peixes foram transferidos para tanque de terra ou para caixas de polietileno em laboratório. Houve significativa redução dos valores de cortisol observados na chegada 24 horas depois, nas duas condições de estocagem , enquanto a concentração de glicose caiu significativamente 72 horas depois nos peixes estocados no tanque de t 1erra e 120 horas nos peixes estocados no laboratório. A osmolalidade, sódio, potássio e cloreto suger em um retorno à homeostase durante o perío do de recuperação, principalmente nos peixes no tanque de terra. Os parâmetros hematológicos, sem efeito da condição de estocagem, não se caracterizaram indicadores sensíveis. Após o transporte, uma prática de manejo que causa estresse em peixes, o retorno às condições normais foi favorecido quando os pacus foram estocados em tanque de terra.The aim of this work was to evaluate the recovery of physiological stress responses after the transport of pacu juveniles in different stocking conditions. After being transported for 2 h30min, fish were transferred to earthen ponds or indoor polyethylene boxes. There was a significant reduction of cortisol values registered at fish arrival , 24 hours after, in both stocking conditions . The glucose concentration reduced significantly 72 hours after in fish stocked in earthen ponds , and 120 hours in fish stocked indoor. Osmolality, sodium, potassium and chloride behavior suggested the re-establishment of the homeostasis during the recovery period, mainly in fish kept in the earthen ponds. Concerning the hematological parameters, only hemoglobin concentration reduced significantly in the recovery period , without effect of stocking condition, which does not characterize feasible indicators. After transport, a management

Efectos del parasitismo sobre el tejido branquial en peces cultivados: estudio parasitologico e histopatologico Effect of the parasitism on the gill tissue of cultivated fishes: parasitological and histopathological studies

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Maurício Laterça Martins

1996-01-01

Full Text Available One hundred four out of 225 diagnosticated cases were myxosporidian, monogenean, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 and bacterial diseases in Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (pacu, Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818 (tambaqui and tambacu, at Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil, between 1992 and 1995. The gills were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution to posterior histologic routine. It was observed Henneguya sp. cysts into the capillaries of the secondary lamellae, encapsulated by the respiratory epithelium cells. It provoked adherence of the adjacent lamellae, hyperplasia, congestion, oedema and epithelium displacement. Monogeneans infestations by Anacanthorus penilabiatus Boeger, Husak & Martins, 1995 and Ancyrocephalinae sub-family caused light inflammatory reaction and hyperplasia. In severe infestations was observed hyperplasia of primary lamellae, necrosis, oedema, respiratory epithelium displacement, ruptured pillar cells and telangiectasis. Response to I. multifiliis was limited to surrounding epithelial cells in young fishes and hyperplasia, necrosis, inflammatory infiltrate and oedema in old fishes. Such lesions iniciate hyperplasic and oedematous process that with inflammation of the parasitic sites, provoked alterations over gases and ions interchange surface and consequently fish metabolism.

Effect of Aloe vera extract on the improvement of the respiratory activity of leukocytes of matrinxã during the transport stress

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Fábio Sabbadin Zanuzzo

2012-10-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the effect of extract of Aloe vera in the transport water of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus fish on stress response and leukocyte respiratory activity. Fish was transported for 4 h in water containing Aloe at levels 0; 0.02; 0.2 and 2 mg/L, and sampled before transport 2, 4, 24 and 96 h after for determination of plasma glucose and respiratory activity of leukocytes. An additional in vitro assay was conducted with another fish species, pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, to test the respiratory burst of leukocytes exposed to Aloe extract (0.0, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS only at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mg/L. Plasma glucose increased after 2 and 4 h of transport and returned to control levels within 24 h, but the addition of Aloe in the transport water did not affect the level of blood glucose. However, at 2 h of transport, Aloe enhanced the respiratory activity of leukocytes in a dose-dependent way. The highest value of respiratory burst activity of leukocytes was observed in the fish transported in water containing Aloe at 2 mg/L. The enhancing effect of the plant extract on the production of oxygen radicals was confirmed in vitro in leukocytes of pacu incubated in Aloe at concentrations 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L. The results suggest that Aloe vera is a modulator of the immune system in fish improving the innate immune response tested.

Método estimativo para amostragem quantitativa de Rondonia rondoni (Nematoda: Atractidae parasito de peixes Estimative method for quantitative sampling of Rondonia rondoni (Nematoda: Atractidae parasite of fish

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Cristiane M. De Campos

2007-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o número de Rondonia rondoni no intestino de Piaractus mesopotamicus, por meio da diferença entre peso úmido e peso seco das amostras de parasitos para cada hospedeiro, a partir da relação do peso seco e número de parasitos pré-estabelecida. Amostras totais de R. rondoni, de 37 espécimes de Piaractus mesopotamicus, foram medidas para obtenção do peso úmido, desidratadas em estufa com temperatura entre 55ºC e 60ºC e, após 24 h seu peso seco foi determinado. Por meio de uma regra de três simples, calculou-se o número de parasitos a partir da diferença entre o peso úmido e o peso seco, considerando um erro padrão médio de 6,027 para um número médio de 1010 indivíduos, quantificado em ensaio prévio. A equação da regressão linear estimada foi de y = 13,138x - 162,01 e r² = 0,9989, a qual foi significativa (p The presente work evaluated the number of Rondonia rondoni in intestine of Piaractus mesopotamicus, for diference of dry and wet weight of parasites samples by each host, from the relation dry weight and number of parasites. Totals samples of R. rondoni of 37 specimens of P. mesopotamicus for attaiment of wet weight, dehydrated in stove with temperature between 55ºC and 60ºC, the wet weight was measured after 24 h. The number of parasites was calculated with rule of three, considering the average number of 1,010 ± 6.027 specimens quantified in previous assay. The equation of linear regression is y = 13.138x - 162.01 and r² = 0.9989. The normality of the data was proven with Kolmogorov-Smirnov (p < 0.01.

Assessment of elimination profile of albendazole residues in fish.

Science.gov (United States)

Busatto, Zenaís; de França, Welliton Gonçalves; Cyrino, José Eurico Possebon; Paschoal, Jonas Augusto Rizzato

2018-01-01

Few drugs are specifically regulated for aquaculture. Thus this study considered albendazole (ABZ) as a potential drug for use in fish, which, however, is not yet regulated for this application. ABZ is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic approved for farmed ruminants and recently considered for treatment of fish parasites. It is the subject of careful monitoring because of potential residues in animal products. This study evaluated the depletion of ABZ and its main known metabolites: albendazole sulfoxide - ABZSO, albendazole sulfone - ABZSO 2 and albendazole amino sulfone - ABZ-2-NH 2 SO 2 , in the fillets of the Neotropical Characin pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, which were fed diets containing 10 mg ABZ kg -1 body weight in a single dose. Fish were euthanised at 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after medication and the depletion profiles of ABZ, each metabolite and the sum of all marker residues were assessed and evaluated taking into account methodological variations regarding determination of the maximum residue limits adopted by different international regulating agencies for estimation of the withdrawal period (WP). The estimated WPs ranged from 2 to 7 days.

New host records and description of the egg of Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae

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MC Pamplona-Basilio

2001-07-01

Full Text Available Anacanthorus penilabiatus is referred parasitizing the type-host Piaractus mesopotamicus (Serrasalmidae and two new hosts, Colossoma macropomum and C. brachypomum (Characidae from fish ponds of "Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas", Pentecoste, State of Ceará, Brazil. Table of measurements and the first description of the egg are presented.

Caracterização da piscicultura na região do Vale do Ribeira - SP Characterization of fish farming in the Ribeira Valley region - SP

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Daniela Castellani

2005-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho buscou caracterizar a piscicultura na Região do Vale do Ribeira quanto aos sistemas de manejo. Estudaram-se quarenta e duas pisciculturas sendo que, destas, 36 praticam o sistema semi-intensivo e seis o sistema intensivo, com os seguintes objetivos: engorda de peixes, produção de alevinos e pesque-pagues. Foram listadas 41 espécies de peixes cultivadas. Apenas 6 espécies são nativas da Bacia do Rio Ribeira de Iguape: lambari (Astyanax sp Linneaus, 1758, traíra (Hoplias malabaricus Bloch, 1794, robalo (Centropomus ssp Cuvier e Valenciennes, 1928, jundiá (Rhamdia quelen Quoy e Gaimard, 1824, cascudo (Hypostomus sp Marschall, 1873 e cará (Geophagus brasiliensis Quoy e Gaimard, 1824. Em 95% das pisciculturas foram verificadas fugas de peixes exóticos e alóctones dos cultivos. A tilápia nilótica (Oreochromis niloticus Linneaus, 1758 foi a espécie mais freqüente em escapes, e também é a segunda mais cultivada pelos piscicultores, perdendo somente para o pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Halmberg, 1887. Foi possível verificar mediante o cálculo da conversão alimentar, que há um desperdício anual de cerca de 32% da ração utilizada nos cultivos pesquisados. A piscicultura encontra-se em plena expansão nesta região, e já representa a atividade agropecuária mais importante após a bananicultura.The aim of this work was to characterize the fish farming in the Ribeira de Iguape Basin, southern São Paulo State (Brazil, in relation to the management systems. Forty two farms were studied. A semi-intensive system is used by 36 farmers, while an intensive system is used only by 6 studied farmers. Their objectives were raising fish, juvenile fish production and sportive fishery. Forty one fish species were found to be cultivated, but only six were native species from Ribeira Valley: lambari (Astyanax sp Linneaus, 1758, traíra (Hoplias malabaricus Bloch, 1794, robalo (Centropomus ssp Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1928, jundi

Diversidade genética de pacu utilizado em programas de repovoamento nos rios Tietê e Grande, Brasil

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Ricardo Pereira Ribeiro

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Piaractus mesopotamicus é um peixe tropical que nos últimos anos tem apresentado uma diminuição no número de populações naturais. Programas de repovoamento vêm sendo utilizados como método de conservação, entretanto, o monitoramento genético das populações e dos estoques de reprodutores é importante para conferir a viabilidade desse tipo de programas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar de forma inédita a diversidade genética de populações selvagens (WPs e estoques de reprodutores (BSs de P. mesopotamicus utilizados em programas de repovoamento dos rios Tietê e Grande, através de marcadores microssatélite. Seis loci microssatélite foram amplificados usando DNA extraído de nadadeira caudal de 279 indivíduos adultos. Foi observada alta variabilidade genética intra-populacional, com medias de heterozigosidade observada entre 0.203 e 0.833. O número de alelos por locus foi de três (locus Pme28 e Pme32 a 13 (locus Pme4, Pme5 e Pme14 e houve diferenciação de alelos entre WPsxWPs e WPsxBSs. Essa diferenciação foi confirmada pela análise do dendrograma que mostrou a formação de três agrupamentos específicos. Observaram-se quatro alelos compartilhados entre WPs2012xBSs. Valores positivos de FIS mostraram a presença de endogamia em sete das 10 coletas realizadas nas WPs. A análise de AMOVA e do FST indicou moderada e muito alta diferenciação genética entre WPsxWPs e diferenciação genética muito alta em WPsxBSs. Esses resultados foram confirmados pelos valores de distância e identidade genética e pelo número de migrantes. Os resultados demonstraram uma adequada variabilidade genética intra-populacional, similaridade entre BSsxBSs e diferenciação genética entre WPs2011xWPs2012 e WPsxBSs. Observou-se parcialmente a presença de indivíduos oriundos do programa de repovoamento no ambiente natural.

Genetic identification of F1 and post-F1 serrasalmid juvenile hybrids in Brazilian aquaculture.

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Diogo Teruo Hashimoto

Full Text Available Juvenile fish trade monitoring is an important task on Brazilian fish farms. However, the identification of juvenile fish through morphological analysis is not feasible, particularly between interspecific hybrids and pure species individuals, making the monitoring of these individuals difficult. Hybrids can be erroneously identified as pure species in breeding facilities, which might reduce production on farms and negatively affect native populations due to escapes or stocking practices. In the present study, we used a multi-approach analysis (molecular and cytogenetic markers to identify juveniles of three serrasalmid species (Colossoma macropomum, Piaractus mesopotamicus and Piaractus brachypomus and their hybrids in different stocks purchased from three seed producers in Brazil. The main findings of this study were the detection of intergenus backcrossing between the hybrid ♀ patinga (P. mesopotamicus×P. brachypomus×♂ C. macropomum and the occurrence of one hybrid triploid individual. This atypical specimen might result from automixis, a mechanism that produces unreduced gametes in some organisms. Moreover, molecular identification indicated that hybrid individuals are traded as pure species or other types of interspecific hybrids, particularly post-F1 individuals. These results show that serrasalmid fish genomes exhibit high genetic heterogeneity, and multi-approach methods and regulators could improve the surveillance of the production and trade of fish species and their hybrids, thereby facilitating the sustainable development of fish farming.

The impact of music on the PACU patient's perception of discomfort.

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Easter, Betty; DeBoer, Laura; Settlemyre, Gail; Starnes, Carolyn; Marlowe, Vickie; Tart, Rebecca Creech

2010-04-01

Pain is a normal finding in the postoperative patient, and noise can accentuate one's perception of discomfort. In this study, physiological measurements, intravenous (IV) opioid administration, length of stay, and satisfaction for postoperative patients who listened to music were compared with patients not provided music during their PACU stay. Of the 213 subjects enrolled, 163 experienced postoperative pain. The mean change in experimental subjects' respiratory rate was significantly lower than the controls. Decreases in heart rate and blood pressure from admission to discharge were similar between the two groups. On average, peripheral oxygen saturation and opioid pain control were not significantly different between control and experimental subjects. Subjects provided with music reported acceptable noise levels and increased satisfaction with their PACU experience. Music intervention is therefore a viable, minimal cost, and alternative therapy that PACU nurses can use to assist patients coping with postoperative pain. Copyright 2010 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Milt cryopreservation for rheophilic fish threatened by extinction in the Rio Grande, Brazil.

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de Andrade, Estefânia Souza; Paula, Daniella Aparecida de Jesus; Felizardo, Viviane de Oliveira; Murgas, Luis David Solis; Veras, Galileu Crovatto; Vieira e Rosa, Priscila

2014-01-01

Specific protocols for milt cryopreservation have been established for some freshwater fish species. However, cryopreservation reduces sperm quality, giving unsatisfactory results in reproduction. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different cryoprotectants on the quality of Prochilodus lineatus, Brycon orbignyanus and Piaractus mesopotamicus milt after cryopreservation. The milt was diluted in different cryoprotectant solutions containing 10% methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol, propylene glycol or ethylene glycol combined with the Beltsville Thawing Solution extender (5%), then placed in the vapour of a liquid nitrogen (LN) storage tank for 24 h, after which they were immersed in LN. After rewarming, the rate (%) and duration (s) of milt motility and abnormal morphology were evaluated. All of cryoprotectant solutions tested used maintained the viability of P. lineatus and P. mesopotamicus milt. However, in P. lineatus, glycerol ensured a lower percentage of abnormal morphology. In case of P. mesopotamicus, all of the cryoprotectant solutions tested may be used in the cryopreservation process, with the exception of those containing glycerol. For B. orbignyanus, cryoprotectant solutions containing methanol and ethylene glycol are recommended for use in the cryopreservation process, although they reduced the quality of sperm post-rewarming.

Inattentive Delirium vs. Disorganized Thinking: A New Axis to Subcategorize PACU Delirium

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Darren F. Hight

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Background: Assessment of patients for delirium in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU is confounded by the residual effects of the varied anesthetic and analgesic regimens employed during surgery and by the physiological consequences of surgery such as pain. Nevertheless, delirium diagnosed at this early stage has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The last decade has seen the emergence of the confusion assessment method-intensive care unit (CAM-ICU score as a quick practical method of detecting delirium in clinical situations. Nonetheless, this tool has not been specifically designed for use in this immediate postoperative setting.Methods: Patients enrolled in a larger observational study were administered the CAM-ICU delirium screening tool 15 min after the latter of return of responsiveness to command or arrival in the post-anesthesia care unit. Numerical pain rating scores were also recorded. In addition, we reviewed additional behavioral observations suggestive of disordered thinking, such as hallucinations, a non-reactive eyes-open state, or an inability to state a pain score.Results: Two-hundred and twenty-nine patients underwent CAM-ICU testing in PACU. 33 patients (14% were diagnosed with delirium according to CAM-ICU criteria; 25 of these were inattentive with low arousal, seven were inattentive with high arousal, and one was inattentive and calm and with disordered thinking. Using our extended criteria an additional eleven patients showed signs of disordered thinking. CAM-ICU delirium was associated with increased length of operation (p = 0.028, but a positive CAM-PACU designation was associated with both increased operation length and age (p = 0.003 and 0.010 respectively. Two of the CAM-ICU positive patients with inattention and high arousal reported high pain scores and were not classified as CAM-PACU positive.Conclusion: Disordered thinking is correlated with older patients and longer operations. The sensitivity of

Perulernaea gamitanae (Copepoda: Lernaeidae parasitizing tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum (Characidae and the hybrids tambacu and tambatinga, cultured in northern Brazil

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M. Tavares-Dias

2011-08-01

Full Text Available The infestation rate in Colossoma macropomum, hybrid tambacu (C. macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus and hybrid tambatinga (C. macropomum x Piaractus brachypomum with Perulernaea gamitanae Thatcher and Paredes, 1985 from two fish farms in Amapá State, Brazil was studied. Lernaeid parasites (n=2887 were collected mainly on the tongue and the mouth cavity and also on cartilage of gill arches and filaments. Inflammation and fibrous nodules were observed on the attachment sites of the parasites. The infestation rate varied according to the fish farm and host. The prevalence of P. gamitanae was of 100% in hosts from one fish farm and was lower in the other fish farm. Higher intensity of P. gamitanae occurred in hybrids tambacu and tambatinga, but despite the high prevalence its intensity was moderate. This is the first report on epidemiology of P. gamitanae in cultured fishes from Brazilian Amazonia, and the occurrence of this crustacean parasite in two new hosts, the hybrids tambacu and tambatinga.

Ocular anatomy of the black pacu (Colossoma macropomum): gross, histologic, and diagnostic imaging.

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Gustavsen, Kate A; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R; Weber, Ernest Scott; Zwingenberger, Allison L; Dunker, Freeland H; Dubielzig, Richard R; Reilly, Christopher M; Murphy, Christopher J

2018-01-30

To describe the ocular anatomy of the black pacu (Colossoma macropomum), a freshwater teleost fish of the Amazon River basin, including an unusual choroid laden with adipose tissue. Three adult black pacu were anesthetized and examined clinically and with ocular ultrasonography, then euthanized. Three fish were euthanized and their heads imaged immediately postmortem using computed tomography. One fish was euthanized and its exenterated eyes imaged by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. The exenterated eyes of all seven fish were fixed in formalin; eyes from three fish were examined grossly and histologically. Additionally, archived histologic sections from two smaller black pacu specimens were examined. Findings were consistent among the ocular imaging modalities used. Intrinsic to the sclera were circumferential ossicles and scleral cartilage. The lens was spherical and protruded through the ovoid pupil with an aphakic space inferiorly when the accommodative mechanism was relaxed under anesthesia. Both a small falciform process and epiretinal vasculature were present in the posterior segment. The retina was cone-rich, and processes of the retinal pigment epithelium enveloped the photoreceptor outer segments. Remarkably, the choroid occupied one-third of the anteroposterior length of the globe; histology confirmed that the bulk of the choroid was composed of adipose tissue. The eye of the pacu overall is typical of teleosts but has the notable and consistent finding of a substantive store of choroidal fat of unknown function. © 2018 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.

Hazardous Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU): Reality or Myth? A Case Study

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Edwards, Marilee

2000-01-01

.... Exposure of recovery room nurses to Sevoflurane was measured in this descriptive study. Sequential air samples from PACU nurse's breathing space were taken while they administered routine post operative care...

Chromosome mapping of repetitive sequences in four Serrasalmidae species (Characiformes

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Leila Braga Ribeiro

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The Serrasalmidae family is composed of a number of commercially interesting species, mainly in the Amazon region where most of these fishes occur. In the present study, we investigated the genomic organization of the 18S and 5S rDNA and telomeric sequences in mitotic chromosomes of four species from the basal clade of the Serrasalmidae family: Colossoma macropomum, Mylossoma aureum, M. duriventre, and Piaractus mesopotamicus, in order to understand the chromosomal evolution in the family. All the species studied had diploid numbers 2n = 54 and exclusively biarmed chromosomes, but variations of the karyotypic formulas were observed. C-banding resulted in similar patterns among the analyzed species, with heterochromatic blocks mainly present in centromeric regions. The 18S rDNA mapping of C. macropomum and P. mesopotamicus revealed multiple sites of this gene; 5S rDNA sites were detected in two chromosome pairs in all species, although not all of them were homeologs. Hybridization with a telomeric probe revealed signals in the terminal portions of chromosomes in all the species and an interstitial signal was observed in one pair of C. macropomum.

Cross-amplification of heterologous microsatellite markers in Rhamdia quelen and Leporinus elongatus

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Nelson Mauricio Lopera-Barrero

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Native fish species in Brazil are an asset in fish farming, but their natural stocks have been significantly reduced in recent years. To mitigate this negative impact, studies on fish conservation are being conducted and genetic tools for the discrimination of population parameters are increasingly achieving great importance. Current analysis evaluates a set of microsatellite heterologous primers in the jundiá (Rhamdia quelen and in the piapara (Leporinus elongatus. Samples from the caudal fin of 15 broodstock from each species were analyzed. DNA extraction was performed with NaCl protocol and the integrity of the extracted DNA was checked with agarose gel 1%. Twenty primers developed for Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum, Prochilodus lineatus, Brycon opalinus and Oreochromis niloticus were evaluated. Cross amplification of four primers of the B. opalinus and P. lineatus species (BoM12, Pli43 and Pli60 in R. quelen and BoM2, Pli43 and Pli60 in L. elongatus was assessed. Primers of P. mesopotamicus, C. macropomum and O. niloticus showed no cross amplification in the two species analyzed. Results revealed the possibility of using the four amplified heterologous primers in genetic studies for R. quelen and L. elongatus.

Incorporation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA and α-linolenic acid (LNA in pacu fillets

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Deoclécio José Barilli

2014-03-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to evaluate the incorporation of conjugated linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in fillets of pacu fish raised in net cages and fed diets enriched with these acids. The fish were fed for 49 days, and at the end of this period the fatty acid content in the fillets was determined by gas chromatography. Concentrations of α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and the total omega-3 (n-3 fatty acid in the fillets increased, improving the n-6/n-3 ratio. In addition, the incorporation of conjugated linoleic acid in the fish fillets proved well established. This study showed that the use of diets enriched with conjugated linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid results in the incorporation of these acids in the of pacu fish fillets, improving their nutritional quality.

USE OF CONCRETE TANKS AS A PATTERN FOR RESEARCH WITH AQUATIC ANIMALS ESTUDO DE UMA SÉRIE DE TANQUES DE ALVENARIA COMO MODELO PARA CONDUÇÃO DE EXPERIMENTOS COM ORGANISMOS AQUÁTICOS

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Delma Machado Cantisani Pádua

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

Water quality determines the success or failure of fish researches. A series of rectangular concrete tanks covered with nylon nets were evaluated as a pattern for conduction essay with aquatic animals, when environment conditions must be the same. Physical and chemical characteristics of water were observed. The tanks were populated with ten juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus which were fed ad libitum twice a day. The experiment was carried out between November and February 1992/1993. In the middle of experiment five fishes were slaughtered in order to keep the biomass adequate until the end (87 days. Unsuitable limnologic conditions were detected in the lower waterflow tanks. The increased biomass and decreased waterflow were related to increased mortality and diseases. This kind of serial tanks building allows homogeneous environmental conditions and the waterflow was the parameter which must be carefully monitored.

KEY-WORDS: Tanks; water quality; fish.

Avaliou-se uma série de tanques de alvenaria, cobertos com tela de nylon, como modelo para ensaios com animais aquáticos, em que são exigidas igualdades das condições ambientais. Foram observados alguns parâmetros físicos e químicos da água. Os tanques foram povoados com dez juvenis de pacu, e a ração fornecida ad libitum duas vezes ao dia. O experimento foi conduzido entre novembro e fevereiro de 1992/1993. Na metade do experimento cinco peixes foram retirados para se manter a biomassa adequada até o final, aos 87 dias. Condições limnológicas inadequadas foram observadas nos tanques com menor taxa de renovação de água. O aumento da biomassa e o decréscimo da circulação de água foram relacionados com o aumento da mortalidade e doenças. Este

Índices de rendimiento corporal en morocoto Piaractus brachypomus cultivado en sistemas Biofloc

OpenAIRE

Abad, Darwin; Rincón, David; Poleo, Germán

2014-01-01

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue determinar los índices de rendimiento corporal(canal, viscerosomático, hepatosomático y escamas) del morocoto Piaractus brachypomus cultivado en sistemas Biofloc. Mil trescientos juveniles de morocoto con talla promedio de 10±0,2 cm y 15±3,1 g de peso, fueron sembrados en cinco tanques circulares de 15m³ a una densidad de 17,3 organismos/m³. Los peces fueron alimentados a saciedad aparente con alimento comercial (28% PC) durante un periodo de 21...

Aditivos na conservaÃÃo de CMS e estabilidade de empanados de pacu de tanques-rede do Pantanal

OpenAIRE

Jovana Silva Garbelini Zuanazzi

2013-01-01

O presente estudo està dividido em dois artigos cientÃficos. O primeiro artigo teve como objetivos avaliar a carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) de pacu com adiÃÃo de eritorbato de sÃdio e tripolifosfato de sÃdio, e verificar algumas de suas propriedades fÃsicas e quÃmicas nos intervalos de 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de armazenamento a -18ÂC. O segundo artigo trata-se da elaboraÃÃo de empanado a partir da CMS de pacu, avaliando os parÃmetros fÃsicos, quÃmicos, sensoriais e microbiolÃgicos nos in...

Haff disease associated with the ingestion of the freshwater fish Mylossoma duriventre (pacu-manteiga).

Science.gov (United States)

Tolesani Júnior, Oswaldo; Roderjan, Christian Nejm; do Carmo Neto, Edgard; Ponte, Micheli Mikaeli; Seabra, Mariana Cristina Pelli; Knibel, Marcos Freitas

2013-01-01

Haff disease associated rhabdomyolysis is correlated with the ingestion of certain freshwater fish and shellfish and is caused by an unidentified toxin. We report the case of a patient who experienced rhabdomyolysis approximately 2 hours after ingestion of the freshwater fish Mylossoma duriventre (pacu-manteiga) approximately 3 years after an outbreak had been reported in Manaus, Brazilian Amazon.

Crescimento e estruturas do sistema digestório de larvas de pacu alimentadas com dieta microencapsulada produzida experimentalmente Growth and structure of the digestive system of pacu larvae fed microencapsulated diet produced experimentally

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Olívia Cristina Camilo Menossi

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Foram comparados os efeitos de diferentes dietas e da transição alimentar sobre o desempenho zootécnico e a morfologia do trato digestório de larvas de pacu alimentadas com duas dietas comerciais e uma dieta experimental microencapsulada produzida por gelificação interna. Larvas com quatro dias de vida receberam os seguintes protocolos alimentares: somente náuplios de artêmia em quantidades crescentes (controle positivo; larvas mantidas em jejum (controle negativo; três tipos de alimento formulado durante todo o experimento (dieta experimental microencapsulada, dieta comercial NRD1.2/2.0, Inve, USA, e dieta Poli-Peixe 450F, PoliNutri, Brasil; e três protocolos de transição alimentar com náuplios de artêmia durante os seis primeiros dias, seis dias de coalimentação, e somente as respectivas dietas formuladas após esse período. O experimento foi conduzido por 23 dias em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com avaliações periódicas do crescimento e do sistema digestório. A taxa de sobrevivência foi determinada ao final do experimento. Os melhores desempenhos de crescimento e sobrevivência, assim como mais acelerada organogênese do sistema digestório, foram verificados entre os animais que receberam alimento vivo. As larvas que passaram pela transição alimentar apresentaram médias intermediárias de crescimento e sobrevivência e não diferiram entre si. Entre os grupos que receberam apenas dieta inerte, somente naquele alimentado com a dieta nacional houve sobrevivência até o final do experimento. Nenhuma das dietas formuladas é adequada para uso como alimento exclusivo para larvas de pacu. Na fase de transição alimentar, a dieta experimental microencapsulada proporciona resultados de sobrevivência e crescimento semelhantes aos obtidos com dietas comerciais.The effects of different diets and dietary transition on the performance and morphology of the digestive tract of pacu larvae fed two commercial formulated

Vitamina A em dieta de juvenis de pacu cultivados em tanques-rede

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Arcangelo Augusto Signor

2013-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de vitamina A na alimentação de juvenis de pacu cultivados em tanques-rede. Foram utilizados 2.000 peixes, com peso inicial médio de 66,93±15,03 g, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em 20 tanques-rede de 5,0 m³, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. As rações foram formuladas com 0, 3.000, 6.000, 9.000 e 12.000 UI de vitamina A por quilograma de dieta, por meio da suplementação com acetato de retinol. O arraçoamento foi realizado às 8:30, 13:30 e 17:30 h, até a saciedade aparente dos animais. Não foram observadas diferenças quanto aos parâmetros de desempenho produtivo, rendimento e composição química da carcaça, e aos parâmetros hematológicos e lipídios no fígado dos peixes que foram alimentados com diferentes níveis de vitamina A. A suplementação de vitamina A em dietas para juvenis de pacu criados em tanques-rede não influencia o desempenho produtivo dos peixes.

Pacu fish (Cuvier, 1818 (Characiformes: Characidae landed in Porto Velho (Rondônia fish market from 1985 to 2004

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Maria Alice Leite Lima

2008-09-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated various aspects of the profile of pacu (Mylossoma spp., Myleus spp., Metynnis spp. fish marketed on the Cai N’água floating platform of Porto Velho (RO from 1985 to 2004. Inter- and intra-annual variations in yield, variation in fish length and general characteristics of the fishing are reported. The annual pacu yield ranged from 33,000kg to 146,000kg (average = 86,585kg, representing from 6.6% to 20.45% of the total landings in the studied period. These variations followed the hydrologic cycle, and the greatest yields were recorded in the years following the highest water levels. The monthly production ranged from 0 to 42,366kg (average = 5,772kg and it was related to reproductive migration. The pacu presented variations in standard length from 14 to 20cm (18.72cm ± 3.69, mean ± sd. The fishing was based on the use of seines and gill nets and the main environments of capture were tributaries of the low Madeira River (Jamari, Oropiara, Machado and Novo Aripuanã. The CPUE calculated for 2003 to 2005 was 15kg*fisherman 1day-1 (sd = ±21. The results show that the category constituted during this period an important resource for local commercial exploitations, as verified in other regions of the Amazon.

Estudio histológico del sistema digestivo en diferentes estadios de desarrollo de la cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus

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Miguel Ángel Mendoza R.

2013-06-01

Full Text Available La cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus es la segunda fuente de producción piscícola en Colombia, después de la tilapia roja (Oreochomi ssp. y antes de la trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss. Se destaca, además, como una de las especies con mayor potencial productivo en el país. Se realizó el estudio histológico del sistema digestivo de la Piaractus brachypomus a fin determinar la morfología normal en diferentes estadios de desarrollo. Para ello se clasificaron los animales según la edad, el tamaño y el peso en ovas embrionadas, larvas con saco vitelino, alevinos después de reabsorción de saco vitelino, juveniles (3-5 cm, 5-7 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm y adultos (300 g. La fijación de los tejidos se realizó en formaldehído al 3,7 % y se describió microscópicamente cavidad bucal, faringe, esófago, estómago, ciegos pilóricos, intestinos y las glándulas anexas, hígado y páncreas. Por último, se describió macroscópicamente la organización anatómica de este sistema.

Desempenho produtivo, composição corporal e parâmetros fisiológicos de pacu alimentado com níveis crescentes de fibra Productive performance, body composition and physiological parameters of pacu fed increasing levels of fiber

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Laurindo André Rodrigues

2010-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de teores de fibra bruta na dieta sobre o desempenho produtivo, composição centesimal da carcaça e parâmetros fisiológicos de juvenis de pacu. O experimento teve duração de 84 dias, e foram utilizados 360 juvenis de pacu, com peso médio de 23,97±0,59 g, distribuídos aleatóriamente em 30 tanques com 180 L de água, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos (5, 7, 9, 11, 13 e 15% de fibra bruta e cinco repetições. Dietas com altos teores de fibra (11, 13 e 15% resultaram em piores taxas de ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e crescimento específico, além de menor eficiência proteica e consumo de ração. A composição da carcaça dos animais foi alterada pelo aumento do teor de fibra das dietas. Os teores de proteína e cinza tiveram aumento com o incremento nos teores de fibra. O metabolismo foi alterado com o emprego de teores crescentes de fibra, o que resultou em pequena elevação do colesterol plasmático. Teores de fibra bruta de até 9% não tiveram efeitos negativos no metabolismo; entretanto, teores acima de 11% reduziram o crescimento dos peixes.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of dietary crude fiber contents on productive performance, carcass composition and physiological parameters of pacu juveniles. The experiment was carried out during 84 days, 360 pacu juveniles were used with mean weight 23.97±0.59 g, stocked in 30 tanks with 180 L of water, in a completely randomized design, with six treatments (5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15% crude fiber and five replicates. Diets with high fiber contents (11, 13 and 15% resulted in worse rates of weight gain, feed conversion, and specific growth, besides lower protein efficiency ratio and feed consumption. Carcass composition changed by increasing the contents of dietary fiber. Body contents of protein and ash increased along with the fiber levels. The metabolism changed with the use of

Short-term cold storage of sperm from six neotropical characiformes fishes

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Simone Marques

2004-09-01

Full Text Available Sperm of the following Neotropical Characiformes fish species were tested for cold storage: Brycon lundii, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Leporinus elongatus, Leporinus friderici, Prochilodus lineatus and Prochilodus marggravii. Each sperm sample was split into two aliquots. The first was placed into a plastic bag with air or oxygen and the second, in a plastic tube with air. The samples were maintained at temperatures between 1.7-4.9 ºC. The rate of sperm motility was estimated using a 50 mM NaCl solution as the activating solution. The shortest sperm storage duration (7 h was recorded for L. friderici, when the sperm motility rate reached ~ 30%, whereas the longest duration (20 h was obtained with the sperm of P. lineatus. A fertilisation test using Prochilodus marggravii sperm refrigerated for 8 h yielded 88-90% of viable embryos. The refrigerated storage method could be of practical applications, especially in fish reproductive management at hatchery stations.O sêmen das seguintes espécies de Characiformes neotropicais foi testado para armazenamento em ambiente resfriado: Brycon lundii, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Leporinus elongatus, Leporinus friderici, Prochilodus lineatus e Prochilodus marggravii. Amostras de sêmen, obtidas por massagem da parede celômica, foram armazenadas em saco plástico com ar ou oxigênio ou em tubo plástico com ar, e mantidas resfriadas entre 1,7-4,9º C. A taxa de motilidade espermática foi estimada usando-se NaCl 50 mM como solução ativadora. O sêmen com menor duração de viabilidade (7 h foi o de L. friderici, quando a taxa de motilidade espermática alcançou ~30%, enquanto que o de maior duração (20 h foi o de P. lineatus. A fertilização de ovócitos utilizando sêmen refrigerado por 8 h de Prochilodus marggravii produziu 88-90% de embriões viáveis. O método de armazenamento desenvolvido neste trabalho tem aplicações práticas, especialmente no manejo reprodutivo de peixes em estações de

Variação temporal e espacial de ovos e de larvas das espécies de interesse para a pesca na sub-bacia do rio Miranda, Pantanal, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v27i3.1314 Temporal and spatial variation of fish eggs and larvae of the main exploited species in the sub-basin of Miranda River, Pantanal wetland, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v27i3.1314

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Keshyiu Nakatani

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Foi analisada a variação temporal de ovos e de larvas das principais espécies exploradas no Pantanal: Piaractus mesopotamicus; Prochilodus lineatus; Salminus maxillosus; Leporinus macrocephalus e Pseudoplatystoma spp., no rio Miranda. As coletas foram realizadas nos meses de outubro a março, quinzenalmente, de 1996 a 1999. O rio foi dividido em trecho superior, médio e inferior, com 15 pontos de coleta. Foram utilizadas rede de plâncton cônico-cilindrica, com fluxômetro, e as amostras fixadas em formol 4%. Para a identificação, utilizaram-se características morfológicas e merísticas, grau de flexão da notocorda e elementos da nadadeira caudal. No primeiro período, foram capturadas 5.979 larvas e 1.075 ovos; no segundo, 108.912 larvas e 1.836 ovos; no terceiro, 13.465 larvas e 1.855 ovos. A ANOVA, entre os anos e trechos do rio, foi significativa (F= 6.5, p >0,05 no trecho médio, indicando que a reprodução ocorre do trecho médio para o superior, nos meses de novembro a janeiroThe aim of this study was to analyze temporal variation of fish eggs and larvae of the main exploited species in Miranda river, Pantanal wetland (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Prochilodus lineatus, Salminus maxillosus, Leporinus macrocephalus, and Pseudoplatystoma spp., which were collected from October to March, biweekly, from 1996 to 1999. The river was divided into superior, medium and inferior sections, of 15 collection sites. Conical-cylindrical plankton net with a fluxometer and samples fixed in formol 4% were utilized. Morphological and meristic characteristics, notochord flexion degree and caudal fin elements were utilized for identification. A total of 5,979 larvae and 1,075 eggs were collected in the first period; 108,912 larvae and 1,836 eggs in the second; 13,465 larvae and 1,855 eggs in the third. Results showed that ANOVA, between the years and the river stretches, was significant (F = 6.5, p >0.05 in the medium section, which indicates that the

A risk stratification algorithm using non-invasive respiratory volume monitoring to improve safety when using post-operative opioids in the PACU.

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Voscopoulos, Christopher; Theos, Kimberly; Tillmann Hein, H A; George, Edward

2017-04-01

Late detection of respiratory depression in non-intubated patients compromises patient safety. SpO 2 is a lagging indicator of respiratory depression and EtCO 2 has proven to be unreliable in non-intubated patients. A decline in minute ventilation (MV) is the earliest sign of respiratory depression. A non-invasive respiratory volume monitor (RVM) that provides accurate, continuous MV measurements enables clinicians to predict and quantify respiratory compromise. For this observational study, practitioners were blinded to the RVM measurements and pain management followed the usual routine. Patients were stratified by their MV on PACU admission and classified as "At-Risk" or "Not-At-Risk," with progression to "Low MV" status following opioids assessed for each category. The purpose was to determine if stratifying based on MV on PACU arrival could identify patients at higher risk for respiratory depression. Ability to identify in advance patients at higher risk for respiratory depression following standard opioid dosing would drive changes in pain management and improve patient care. RVM and opioid administration data from 150 PACU patients following elective joint-replacement surgery were collected in an observational study. "Predicted" MV (MV PRED ) and "Percent Predicted" (MV MEASURED /MV PRED  × 100 %) were calculated for each patient using standard formulas. Prior to opioid administration, patients were classified as either "Not-At-Risk" (MV ≥ 80 % MV PRED ) or "At-Risk" (MV safety across the continuum of care.

Mentol e eugenol como substitutos da benzocaína na indução anestésica de juvenis de pacu = Menthol and eugenol as benzocaine substitutes in anesthetic induction of pacu juveniles

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André Fernando Nascimento Gonçalves

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se verificar a eficiência de anestésicos naturais na indução à anestesia de juvenis de pacu. Foram avaliadas quatro concentrações de mentol (50, 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1, quatro de eugenol (10, 25, 50 e 100 mg L-1 e uma de benzocaína (100 mg L-1. Durante o procedimento de anestesia, foram monitorados e avaliados quatro estágios de sedação, da redução dos movimentos operculares até a perda total de reação à manipulação. Após o procedimento de biometria, foram avaliados o tempo de recuperação e a mortalidade até48h após anestesia. As concentrações de 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1 de mentol e as concentrações de 50 e 100 mg L-1 de eugenol apresentaram tempos de indução à anestesia e recuperação similares aos da benzocaína. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o mentol e o eugenol são anestésicos eficientes para pacus em substituição à benzocaína, sugerindo a concentração de 100 mg L-1 de mentol e 50 mg L-1 de eugenol.This study aimed to verify the efficacy of natural anestheticinduction of pacu juveniles. Were evaluated four menthol (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1, four eugenol (10, 25, 50 and 100 mg L-1 and one benzocaine (100 mg L-1 concentrations. During the anesthetic procedure, four sedative stages were monitored and evaluated until no reaction of the fish to handling was registered. After performingbiometric evaluation on the anesthetized fish, were recorded the recovery time and mortality rate up to 48 hours after the anesthetic experiments. Concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1 of menthol, 50 and 100 mg L-1 of eugenol showed anesthetic induction timeand recovery time similar to that of benzocaine. The obtained results showed that menthol and eugenol are efficient anesthetics for pacu juveniles in substitution of benzocaine, suggesting the concentration of 100 mg L-1 of menthol and 50 mg L-1 of eugenol.

A bacia hidrográfica como unidade fundamental de análise da paisagem: a Bacia do Pacuí e a sua relação com a Bacia do São Francisco

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Maria Ivete Soares de Almeida

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo procura entender a bacia hidrográfica como unidade espacial e básica na análise do ambiente, ficando implícita a adoção da visão integrada da paisagem e do meio ambiente. Neste sentido, apresenta uma breve revisão teórica sobre a evolução dos estudos sobre as bacias hidrográficas. Esta discussão se faz necessária para o entendimento de como o conceito bacia hidrográfica tem sido trabalhado na geografia. A seguir é feita uma contextualização da paisagem da Bacia do Pacuí e a sua relação com a Bacia do São Francisco. Ao mesmo tempo contempla breves reflexões acerca do uso e ocupação dos solos urbanos e rurais, e sobre as grandes diferenças socioeconômicas e ambientais dos municípios que fazem parte da Bacia do Pacuí. Ao finalizar este artigo percebe-se que a paisagem do Pacuí necessita de um planejamento que contemple medidas concretas de manejo e conservação dos recursos naturais existentes na Bacia do Pacuí.

Doença de Haff associada ao consumo de carne de Mylossoma duriventre (pacu-manteiga

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Oswaldo Tolesani Junior

2013-12-01

Full Text Available A rabdomiólise associada à doença de Haff é correlacionada com a ingestão de certos peixes e crustáceos de água doce, sendo causada por uma toxina não identificada. Relatamos o caso de um paciente que apresentou rabdomiólise cerca de 2 horas após ingerir o peixe de água doce Mylossoma duriventre (pacu-manteiga cerca de 3 anos após o relato de um surto de doença de Haff em Manaus.

Straminipilous organisms growing on herbivorous pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus and carnivorous piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri from Poland Organismos stramenophila em crescimento na herbívora pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus e na carnívora piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri da Polônia

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B. Czeczuga

2010-05-01

Full Text Available We investigated the growth of straminipilous organisms on the skin, muscles and liver of herbivorous pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus and carnivorous piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri in water of three different eutrophication levels. Sixteen straminipilous organism species were found growing on the investigated body parts of both species of fish used as baits. The higher number of species was found on the baits of carnivorous species (15 when compared with the ones from the herbivorous pirapitinga (10 species. The highest number of straminipilous organisms species developed on the skin of both species of fish. The highest number of species of straminipilous organisms was observed growing in the water of the BiaBa river (middle eutrophication, while the lowest number occurred in the baits of vessels with water from the Dojlidy pond (low eutrophication.Investigamos o crescimento de organismos stramenophila sobre a pele, músculos e fígado da herbívora pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus e da carnívora piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri em águas de três diferentes níveis de eutrofização. Dezesseis espécies de organismos stramenophila foram encontradas crescendo sobre as partes do corpo investigadas de ambas as espécies de peixes utilizadas como cobaias. O maior número de espécies foi encontrado em cobaias de espécies carnívoras (15, quando comparado com o da herbívora pirapitinga (10 espécies. A maioria das espécies de organismos stramenophila desenvolveu-se sobre a pele de ambas as espécies de peixes. O maior número de espécies de organismos stramenophila foi observado em crescimento nas águas do rio BiaBa (eutrofização do meio, enquanto o número mais baixo ocorreu em cobaias de vasos com água do lago de Dojlidy (eutrofização baixa.

Computed tomographic and cross-sectional anatomy of the normal pacu (Colossoma macroponum).

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Carr, Alaina; Weber, E P Scott; Murphy, Chris J; Zwingenberger, Alison

2014-03-01

The purpose of this study was to compare and define the normal cross-sectional gross and computed tomographic (CT) anatomy for a species of boney fish to better gain insight into the use of advanced diagnostic imaging for future clinical cases. The pacu (Colossoma macropomum) was used because of its widespread presence in the aquarium trade, its relatively large body size, and its importance in the research and aquaculture settings. Transverse 0.6-mm CT images of three cadaver fish were obtained and compared to corresponding frozen cross sections of the fish. Relevant anatomic structures were identified and labeled at each level; the Hounsfield unit density of major organs was established. The images presented good anatomic detail and provide a reference for future research and clinical investigation.

Digestibilidade e tempo de trânsito gastrintestinal de dietas contendo níveis crescentes de fibra bruta para pacu - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v32i2.8625 Digestibility and gastrointestinal transit time of diets with increasing dietary fiber levels to pacu - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v32i2.8625

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Thiago Matias Torres Nascimento

2010-07-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a digestibilidade e o tempo de trânsito gastrintestinal (TTGI de dietas contendo níveis crescentes de fibra bruta (FB para pacus. Para avaliar a digestibilidade foram utilizados 288 pacus, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, alimentados em aquários e transferidos para coletores do tipo Guelf Modificado, utilizando-se o método de coleta parcial de fezes. As rações foram marcadas com 1% de óxido de crômio para a determinação da digestibilidade das dietas. No ensaio de TTGI, 288 pacus foram distribuídos em 24 aquários em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e alimentados com rações contendo 1% óxido de titânio ou crômio, que apresentam cores diferentes, verde ou branca, respectivamente. Por meio de massagem abdominal foi averiguada periodicamente a cor das fezes, e o TTGI foi estabelecido quando as fezes de todos os peixes apresentaram cor verde. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente das dietas e o TTGI foram reduzidos com aumento do nível de FB nas dietas. Conclui-se que em dietas para pacus pode-se empregar até 9% de FB sem efeito negativo na digestibilidade da energia, proteína, matéria seca e estrato etéreo e sem alterar o TTGI.This work aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary fiber levels on the digestibility and gastrointestinal transit time (GTT for pacu. The digestibility trial used 288 pacu in a completely randomized design, fed in aquaria and transferred to a modified Guelf-type feces collector, using the partial sampling method. The inert marker on the diets was chromic oxide (1% to establish the diet digestibility. In the GTT assay, 288 pacu were distributed in 24 aquaria in a completely randomized design. Fish were fed with two colored diets – green and white – and feces color was determined after abdominal pressure. The white and green diets used 1% of titanium and chromic oxides, respectively. Total GTT was determined when all fish showed green

Estandarización de un proceso de extracción de colágeno a partir de los residuos de fileteo de tilapia (Oreochromis sp) y cachama (Piaractus brachypomus) / Standardization of a process for extracting collagen from filleting waste from tilapia (Oreochromis sp) and cachama (Piaractus brachypomus)

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Serrano Gaona, Jenifer Carolina

2011-01-01

Se estandarizó un proceso de extracción y purificación de colágeno ácido soluble a partir de pieles de tilapia (Oreochromis sp) y de cachama (Piaractus brachypomus) utilizando análisis estadísticos. Los resultados indicaron que el rendimiento de colágeno ácido soluble fue de 33,3% en base seca. El patrón de alto peso molecular utilizado para SDS – PAGE reveló que el colágeno obtenido de pieles de tilapia o de pieles de cachama es colágeno tipo I. La temperatura de desnaturalización (Td) del c...

Hematological and morphometric blood value of four cultured species of economically important tropical foodfish

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Genoefa Amália Dal'Bó

Full Text Available The use and validation of fish health monitoring tools have become increasingly evident due to aquaculture expansion. This study investigated the hematology and blood morphometrics of Piaractus mesopotamicus, Brycon orbignyanus, Oreochromis niloticus and Rhamdia quelen. The fish were kept for 30 days in 300-liter aquariums, after which they were anesthetized with benzocaine and blood was collected from caudal vessels. In comparison to other species, B. orbignyanus presented the highest hematocrit (Ht, RBC averages and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV with a particular range of data. B. orbignyanus presented lower Ht, Hb, RBC averages and values, and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC. Oreochromis niloticus presented lower Ht, Hb, RBC averages and values, and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC. Rhamdia quelen and O. niloticus presented higher variation of White Blood Cells (WBC, neutrophils (Nf, lymphocytes (Lf, monocytes (Mf and thrombocytes (Trb. Data of large axes (LA, minor axes (MA, surface (SF and volume (VL are in the same variance range. This study has demonstrated that hematological variances can occur between animals of different species as well as of the same species.

Análisis proximal, evaluación microbiológica y sensorial de carnes para hamburguesas elaboradas con cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) y soya (Glycine max) texturizada

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Oscar García; Iria Acevedo; Jorge Ruiz Ramírez

2013-01-01

La cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) es una especie económicamente importante en la acuicultura continental de América Latina y una alternativa nacional de producción de pescado para la piscicultura, la industria y el consumo. El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue caracterizar mediante análisis proximal, evaluación microbiológica y sensorial, carnes para hamburguesas elaboradas con pulpa de cachama y diferentes inclusiones porcentuales de harina de soya texturizada (HST) ...

Mentol e eugenol como substitutos da benzocaína na indução anestésica de juvenis de pacu - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i3.1081 Eugenol and menthol as benzocaine substitutes in anaesthesic induction of pacu juveniles - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i3.1081

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João Batista Kochenborger Fernandes

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se verificar a eficiência de anestésicos naturais na indução à anestesia de juvenis de pacu. Foram avaliadas quatro concentrações de mentol (50, 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1, quatro de eugenol (10, 25, 50 e 100 mg L-1 e uma de benzocaína (100 mg L-1. Durante o procedimento de anestesia, foram monitorados e avaliados quatro estágios de sedação, da redução dos movimentos operculares até a perda total de reação à manipulação. Após o procedimento de biometria, foram avaliados o tempo de recuperação e a mortalidade até 48h após anestesia. As concentrações de 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1 de mentol e as concentrações de 50 e 100 mg L-1 de eugenol apresentaram tempos de indução à anestesia e recuperação similares aos da benzocaína. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o mentol e o eugenol são anestésicos eficientes para pacus em substituição à benzocaína, sugerindo a concentração de 100 mg L-1 de mentol e 50 mg L-1 de eugenol.Anaesthetics represents important tool for management procedures in aquaculture. This study aimed to verify the efficacy of natural anaesthesic induction of pacu juvenile. Were evaluated four menthol concentrations (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1, four eugenol (10, 25, 50 and 100 mg L-1 and one of benzocaine (100 mg L-1. During the anaesthesic procedure were monitored and evaluated four sedative stages, until no reaction to handling. After biometric was evaluated recovery time and mortality 48 hours after anaesthesia. Concentrations 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1 of menthol, 50 and 100 mg L-1 of eugenol showed anaesthesic induction time and recovery time similar of benzocaine. The obtained results showed that menthol is an efficient anaesthesic for pacu juvenile in substitution of benzocaine, suggesting the concentration of 100 mg L-1 of menthol and 50 mg L-1 of eugenol.

Parasitic fauna in hybrid tambacu from fish farms

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Ronilson Macedo Silva

2013-08-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to evaluate the parasitic fauna of hybrid tambacu (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus from fish farms and the host-parasite relationship. A hundred and fourteen fish were collected from four fish farms in Macapá, in the state of Amapá, Brazil, 80.7% of which were infected by: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora; Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida; Anacanthorus spatulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis, and Mymarothecium viatorum (Monogenoidea; Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Acanthocephala; Cucullanus colossomi (Nematoda; Perulernaea gamitanae (Lernaeidae; and Proteocephalidae larvae (Cestoda. A total of 8,136,252 parasites were collected from the examined fish. This is the first record of N. buttnerae, C. colossomi, N. janauachensis, M. viatorum, and Proteocephalidae for hybrid tambacu in Brazil. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was the most prevalent parasite, whereas endohelminths were the less. A positive correlation was observed between number of I. multifiliis and total length and weight of fish, as well as between number of P. gamitanae and total length. The infection by I. multifiliis had association with the parasitism by Monogenoidea. Low water quality contributes to high parasitism of hybrid tambacu by ectoparasites, which, however, does not influence the relative condition factor of fish.

Piscinoodinium pillulare (Schäperclaus, 1954 Lom, 1981 (Dinoflagellida infection in cultivated freshwater fish from the Northeast region of São Paulo State, Brazil: parasitological and pathological aspects

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M. L. MARTINS

Full Text Available The Aquaculture Center of Unesp, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, received fishes for diagnosis from fish farmers reporting fish crowding at pond edges and in water inlets. Fifty-three out of 194 cases showed round to oval, immobile whitish structures, measuring up to 162 mm diameter, identified as the dinoflagellate Piscinoodinium pillulare. In 34 diagnosed cases the parasites were present in the gills, in 2 on body surface, and 9 in both. Thirty-one out of 53 were tambacu hybrids hosts; 7, Piaractus mesopotamicus; 6, Colossoma macropomum; 5, Leporinus macrocephalus; 3, Oreochromis niloticus; and 1, Prochilodus lineatus. Fish showed increased mucous production on body surface and gills, while ecchymosis in the caudal peduncle and operculum was present. The gills also showed paleness, congestion, and petechiae. Histopathology presented a great number of trophonts situated between secondary lamellae, fixed to or detached from the epithelium. Primary lamellae presented interstitial hemorrhages, severe hyperplasia of the epithelium, goblet cells, and mononuclear infiltrates. The present work is the first report of P. pillulare in Brazil and emphasizes the importance of this dinoflagellate which caused significant economic losses from 1995 through 1997.

Pesque-solte: pesca repetitiva, variáveis hematológicas e parasitismo no peixe híbrido tambacu

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Daniela Nomura Varandas

2013-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta hematológica e parasitológica de tambacus (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus submetidos ao estresse de captura e a diferentes densidades de estocagem, em sistema de pesque-solte. Foram utilizados 210 peixes com peso médio inicial de 785,33±152,02 g e comprimento total médio de 34,43±2,21 cm, mantidos em viveiros escavados e divididos em três grupos: sem pesca e baixa densidade (G1, com pesca e baixa densidade (G2, e com pesca e alta densidade (G3. Não houve diferença significativa entre os valores médios da concentração de hemoglobina, do número de eritrócitos, da contagem diferencial de leucócitos e da glicose. Os peixes do grupo G3 apresentaram número maior de parasitos e trombócitos, e menor ganho de peso e hematócrito. A atividade de pesque-solte, aliada à alta densidade de estocagem, pode prejudicar o equilíbrio orgânico e o desempenho zootécnico, o que favorece a parasitose.

Physicochemical Evaluation of Cachama Fillets (Piaractus brachypomus Preserved with Propolis during Storage / Evaluación Fisicoquímica de Filetes de Cachama (Piaractus brachypomus Preservados con Propóleos durante el Almacenamiento

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Héctor Suárez Mahecha

2014-03-01

Full Text Available The bioactive compounds that propolis containspresent diverse components that can diminish the deterioration of compounds such as fat and certain microorganisms that can affect fish fillets during refrigerated storage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preserving capacity of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP in cachama fish fillets (Piaractus brachypomus. The treatments carried out were: (1 ethyl alcohol (96% as the control; (2 0.8% EEP; (3 1.2% EEP; and (4 liquid smoke. Analyses were carried out for total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN, thiobarbituric acid reactive species-TBARS, pH and water loss for 0, 8, 16 and 24 days of storage at 4 ºC with vacuum packaging. The results presented the highest values of the TBARS and TVBNanalyses for the liquid smoke treatment and the lowest values for the EEP treatments, demonstrating a significant difference between the treatments (P<0.05; however, the best water retention capacity was seen in the fillets treated with liquid smoke. The results for pH did not present significant differences between the treatments (P>0.05 during the storage period. The results suggest that EEP can preserve physicochemical characteristics during the shelf life of refrigerated, vacuum packed cachama fillets. / Los compuestos bioactivos contenidos en propóleos presentan diversos componentes, que pueden disminuir el deterioro de compuestos como la grasa, y la cantidad de ciertos microorganismos, que pueden afectar filetes de pescado durante el almacenamiento bajo refrigeración. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad conservante de extractos etanólicos de propóleos (EEP sobre filetes del pescado cachama (Piaractus brachypomus. Los tratamientos realizados fueron: (1 alcohol etílico (96% como control; (2 EEP 0,8%; (3 EEP 1,2% y (4 humo líquido. Fueron realizados análisis para bases volátiles totales (BVTN, especies reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico-TBARS, pH y pérdida de agua

Effects of simulation-based educational program in improving the nurses' self-efficacy in caring for patients' with COPD and CHF in a post-acute care (PACU) setting.

Science.gov (United States)

Genuino, Mary Jane

2018-02-01

The 2014 national percentage for 30-day readmissions among Medicare recipients from Post-Acute Care Unit (PACU) showed: Heart Failure (HF) with major complications and co-morbidities, an average of 24.09%, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) with complications and co-morbidities 23.12%. The percentage of readmissions for New Jersey among PACU showed: HF with major complications and co-morbidities, an average of 24.40% and COPD 26.35% (Avalere Health, 2014). For this study site, the hospital readmission rate was not specifically broken down according to condition/diagnosis. Overall, the hospital readmission rate was approximately 20%. A few percent lower than the national and state average, but still a considerable number. This study is significant in finding out whether a simulation based educational program will increase the nurses' self-efficacy in caring for these patients. The positive outcome of this study can provide a template for training PACU nurses to aid in decreasing hospital readmissions in this vulnerable population. The simulation-based educational program was approximately 5h in length, and it was divided into two parts, a presentation on HF and COPD, and the actual simulation scenario, using a low-fidelity manikin (LFM). There were approximately 20 Registered nurses as participants but 4 did not complete the post-simulation self-efficacy scale, and the 16 were included in the actual study. This study was able to define the effects of simulation-based educational program on the RNs self-efficacy in caring for COPD and HF patients. The participants' demographic information, i.e. age, educational attainment, years of experience, and previous work experience, did not show any differences in how much the nurses' self-efficacy improved. The post-simulation self-efficacy score of the participants showed approximately 5% increase compared to the pre-simulation score. The outcome of the study concluded the simulation-based educational program

Microbiological water quality and gill histopathology of fish from fish farming in Itapecuru-Mirim County, Maranhão State=Qualidade microbiológica da água e histopatologia de brânquias de peixes provenientes de pisciculturas do município de Itapecuru-Mirim, Estado do Maranhão

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Flávio Ruas de Moraes

2012-04-01

Full Text Available The present study evaluated the microbiological water quality and tissue lesions in gills from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus and hybrid tambacu (Colossoma macropomum female x Piaractus mesopotamicus male. For this, water and gills were collected from fish farming at six locations in Itapecuru-Mirim County, Maranhão State. Microbiological water analyses revealed contamination by total coliforms, Escherichia coli and heterotrophic bacteria. In the gills, we observed a diversity of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The tissue lesions were: lamellar fusion, interlamellar hyperplasia, sub-epithelial edema and telangiectasia. Inflammatory lesions were not observed. Significant statistical difference (p > 0.05 was not detected when comparing different gills lesions during rainy and dry season. The correlation between lesion and pond type was statistically different (p Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da água e as alterações teciduais em brânquias de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus e do híbrido tambacu (Colossoma macropomum fêmea x Piaractus mesopotamicus macho, coletou-se água de pisciculturas e brânquias de peixes de seis localidades do município de Itapecuru-Mirim, Estado do Maranhão. O exame microbiológico da água revelou poluição por coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e bactérias heterotróficas. Nas brânquias, observou-se uma variedade de bactérias Gram-positivas e negativas. As alterações teciduais observadas foram fusão de lamelas, hiperplasia interlamelar, edema subepitelial e telangiectasia, não sendo observadas lesões inflamatórias. Não houve diferença estatística (p > 0,05 quando se comparou diferentes tipos de lesões branquiais com os períodos de chuva ou de seca. A correlação de lesões e tipos de tanque demonstrou diferença estatística (p < 0,05 para fusão de lamelas e hiperplasia interlamelar que ocorreram com maior frequência em viveiro de terra. Quanto �

Estudos para Composição de uma Dieta Referência Semipurificada para Avaliação de Exigências Nutricionais em Juvenis de Pirapitinga, Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818

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Vásquez-Torres Wálter

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Foram realizados dois experimentos com o objetivo de definir uma dieta referência para estudos de exigências nutricionais em Piaractus brachypomus. No primeiro experimento, foram testadas quatro dietas com ingredientes semipurificados (H-440 com 47% PB, C-102 com 41% PB, NRC com 37% PB e IALL-1 com 32% de PB e uma dieta controle (32% de PB com ingredientes comuns. No segundo experimento, foi usada a dieta IALL-1, como base para a formulação de três dietas experimentais. A dieta 2 foi suplementada com vitamina C e uma pré-mistura de macrominerais, enquanto na dieta 3 o óleo vegetal foi substituído por óleo de peixe. O ganho de peso foi usado como critério básico para medir os efeitos das dietas, sendo também considerados consumo de alimento, taxa específica de crescimento (SGR, conversão alimentar aparente (FCR, eficiência de utilização da proteína (PER e retenção de proteína (%PPV e de energia (%RE. Entre as dietas semipurificadas, o melhor desempenho de crescimento e de utilização dos nutrientes foi observado para as dietas NRC e IALL-1, que não diferiram entre si. No segundo experimento, o grupo de peixes alimentados com a dieta 2 apresentou crescimento 42% maior que o observado com as dietas sem suplementação. As outras variáveis analisadas, FCR, SGR, PER e %PPV, também foram significativamente melhoradas. Os resultados em conjunto indicam que a dieta IALL-1 suplementada com macrominerais e vitamina C pode ser considerada adequada como dieta referência semipurificada para estudos de nutrição de Piaractus brachypomus.

Substituição de alimento vivo por alimento inerte na larvicultura intensiva do tambacu (♀ Colossoma macropomum X ♂ Piaractus mesopotamicus = Replacement of live food for inert food on larviculture of tambacu (♀ Colossoma macropomum X ♂ Piaractus mesopotamicus

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Danieli Cuzini Lombardi

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Com este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a substituição de náuplios de Artemia salina por alimentos inertes durante a larvicultura do tambacu. Na primeira fase, com duração de 12 dias, as larvas foram alimentadas com: náuplio de Artemia salina, cyclop-eeze e ovo de Artemia salina. Na segunda fase, com duração de dez dias, foram utilizadas larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina provenientes da primeira fase e testados os mesmos três alimentos. A qualidade da água manteve-se em condições adequadas para alarvicultura nas duas fases. As larvas da primeira fase alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina obtiveram os melhores resultados em crescimento, sobrevivência e desempenho produtivo. Na segunda fase, o crescimento, a sobrevivência e o desempenho produtivo das larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina e ovo de Artemia salina foram semelhantes. Nas duas fases, o custo com alimento foi mais baixo nas larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina. Os resultados obtidos mostram que nas duas fases de larvicultura testadas a oferta de náuplios de Artemia salina é a melhor estratégia alimentar por proporcionar boa sobrevivência, crescimento e bom desempenho produtivo, além de menor custo.The aim of this work was to evaluate the replacement of Artemia salina nauplii by inert food during larviculture of tambacu. On the first phase with duration of 12 days, the larvae were fed with one of the following foods: Artemia salina nauplii, cyclop-eeze or Artemia salina egg. On the second phase, with 10 days of duration, larvae fed with Artemia salina nauplii were utilized in the first experiment and the same food treatments were tested. Water quality was adequate forlarvae rearing in both phases. The larvae from the first phase that fed with Artemia salina nauplii presented better growth, survival rate and yield. On the second phase, the growth, survival and yield of larvae fed with Artemia salina nauplii and eggs were similar. On both phases, the food cost was lower for larvae fed with Artemia salina nauplii. The obtained results shown that on the two rearing phases the use of Artemia salina nauplii is the better feeding strategies, as the survival, growth, yield were greater than in the others treatments, and also showed the lower cost.

Out-of-season sperm cryopreserved in different media of the Amazonian freshwater fish pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus).

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Nascimento, A F; Maria, A N; Pessoa, N O; Carvalho, M A M; Viveiros, A T M

2010-04-01

The pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus) is a freshwater fish that inhabits the Amazon and Orinoco River basins. The use of cryopreserved sperm has been considered to facilitate procedures during the artificial reproduction. The aim of the present study was to develop a freezing protocol for pirapitinga sperm collected outside the spawning season. Sperm samples were diluted in four freezing media prepared by a combination of two extenders (glucose and BTS-Beltsville Thawing Solution) and two cryoprotectant agents (DMSO and methylglycol) loaded into 0.5-mL straws, frozen in a nitrogen-vapor shipping dewar (dry-shipper) and stored in liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees C. Post-thaw sperm motility was evaluated both subjectively using a light microscope and by a computer-assisted sperm analyzer (CASA). Curvilinear, average path and straight-line velocities were also determined. There were no differences (P>0.05) in post-thaw sperm motility between evaluations performed subjectively and using the CASA. Sperm samples cryopreserved in glucose-methylglycol yielded the greatest post-thaw sperm motility (81%) and fastest sperm velocities when compared to the samples frozen in the other three media (Partificial reproduction procedures, as only females will need handling for hormonal induction and gamete collection during the spawning season. Although the CASA system provides precise data on sperm motility, the subjective evaluation is practical and can be conducted by well-trained personnel at commercial fish farms as an acceptable evaluation of sperm quality. Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Profit of solar energy for salting and drying of a brazilian fish Colossoma mitrei Berg, 1895; Utilizacao da energia solar para avaliacao da salga e secagem do pacu, Colossoma mitrei Berg, 1895

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Sales, Ronaldo de Oliveira [1Ceara Univ., Fortaleza, CE (Brazil). Centro de Ciencias Agrarias; Beirao, Luiz Henrique [Santa Catarina Univ., Florianopolis, SC (Brazil). Dept. de Ciencias e Tecnologia de Alimentos

1986-12-01

This paper studied a simple method for processing dried-salted `pacu` fish. The average weight in relation to total weight was 58,6% and the result came very close to the average of weight of other dried salted fishes, when treated in same way. The main purpose of this process was to reduce the long time expanded by the conventional process, allowing to reduce the humidity of the dried-salted product from 56 to 43,5% in 28 hours only. (author) 20 refs., 3 figs., 8 tabs.

Validación del Protocolo de Reproducción de Colossoma macropomum, Piaractus brachypomus y Prochilodus nigricans en Condiciones Controladas

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Lorgio Verdi Olivares

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Protocolos aplicados a las diferentes etapas de la reproducción  inducida: tratamiento hormonal, incubación, manejo de larvas, y manejo de alevines en los peces de consumo humano Colossoma macropomum (gamitana, Piaractus brachypomus (paco y Prochilodus nigricans (boquichico fueron evaluados en el marco del proyecto UNAP “Cátedra CONCYTEC en Acuicultura Tropical” con el propósito de establecer los adecuados procedimientos en la búsqueda de una óptima productividad acuícola y una mejor rentabilidad económica en Loreto. Con este objetivo se utilizaron como inductores: para gamitana, Pituitaria de Carpa con dosis total de 6,0 mg/kg en hembras y 2,0 mg/kg en machos; Para machos y hembras de paco, Conceptal en dosis total de 2,6 ml/kg en hembras y 1,0 ml/kg en machos; y para boquichico, Pituitaria de Carpa con dosis total de 4,0 mg/kg en hembras y 2,0 mg/kg en machos. El desove se produjo en 11±2 horas; la eclosión ocurre después de 22 horas a partir de la fecundación, con tasas promedios superiores al 70% y tasas de sobrevivencia, aún cundo por debajo del 50%, garantiza una alta producción de alevines.

Validación del Protocolo de Reproducción de Colossoma macropomum, Piaractus brachypomus y Prochilodus nigricans en Condiciones Controladas

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Lorgio Verdi-Olivares

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Protocolos aplicados a las diferentes etapas de la reproducción  inducida: tratamiento hormonal, incubación, manejo de larvas, y manejo de alevines en los peces de consumo humano Colossoma macropomum (gamitana, Piaractus brachypomus (paco y Prochilodus nigricans (boquichico fueron evaluados en el marco del proyecto UNAP “Cátedra CONCYTEC en Acuicultura Tropical” con el propósito de establecer los adecuados procedimientos en la búsqueda de una óptima productividad acuícola y una mejor rentabilidad económica en Loreto. Con este objetivo se utilizaron como inductores: para gamitana, Pituitaria de Carpa con dosis total de 6,0 mg/kg en hembras y 2,0 mg/kg en machos; Para machos y hembras de paco, Conceptal en dosis total de 2,6 ml/kg en hembras y 1,0 ml/kg en machos; y para boquichico, Pituitaria de Carpa con dosis total de 4,0 mg/kg en hembras y 2,0 mg/kg en machos. El desove se produjo en 11±2 horas; la eclosión ocurre después de 22 horas a partir de la fecundación, con  tasas promedios superiores al 70% y tasas de sobrevivencia, aún cundo por debajo del 50%, garantiza una alta producción de alevines.

Parásitos de alevinos de gamitana (Colossoma macropomum y paco (Piaractus brachypomus cultivados en el C.I. Quistococha, Loreto, Perú

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Fernando Alcántara Bocanegra

2015-06-01

Full Text Available En acuicultura, los peces son susceptibles al ataque de virus, bacterias, hongos y ectoparásitos. Estos organismos se tornan en un serio problema cuando los peces se encuentran con bajas defensas naturales, se crían en altas densidades y/o se altera drásticamente la calidad de agua. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar la fauna de parásitos presentes en alevinos de paco (Piaractus brachypomus y gamitana (Colossoma macropomum provenientes de estanques del Centro de Investigación Quistococha del IIAP. Un total de 30 ejemplares de cada especie fueron examinados a través de la preparación de frotis fresco de branquias, piel, aletas y tubo digestivo. Entre las dos especies estudiadas, gamitana demostró una mayor prevalencia de infestación, mayor intensidad de parásitos y mayor índice de infestación parasitaria. Los alevinos de paco mostraron una mayor resistencia a la propagación y al ataque de parásitos. Se identificaron monogeneos de las familias Dactylogyridae y Gyrodactylidae, solo en gamitana, mientras que el protozoo ciliado Trichodina se halló exclusivamente en paco. Los parásitos identificados no causaron ninguna mortalidad en los peces.

Lack of utility of a decision support system to mitigate delays in admission from the operating room to the postanesthesia care unit.

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Ehrenfeld, Jesse M; Dexter, Franklin; Rothman, Brian S; Minton, Betty Sue; Johnson, Diane; Sandberg, Warren S; Epstein, Richard H

2013-12-01

When the phase I postanesthesia care unit (PACU) is at capacity, completed cases need to be held in the operating room (OR), causing a "PACU delay." Statistical methods based on historical data can optimize PACU staffing to achieve the least possible labor cost at a given service level. A decision support process to alert PACU charge nurses that the PACU is at or near maximum census might be effective in lessening the incidence of delays and reducing over-utilized OR time, but only if alerts are timely (i.e., neither too late nor too early to act upon) and the PACU slot can be cleared quickly. We evaluated the maximum potential benefit of such a system, using assumptions deliberately biased toward showing utility. We extracted 3 years of electronic PACU data from a tertiary care medical center. At this hospital, PACU admissions were limited by neither inadequate PACU staffing nor insufficient PACU beds. We developed a model decision support system that simulated alerts to the PACU charge nurse. PACU census levels were reconstructed from the data at a 1-minute level of resolution and used to evaluate if subsequent delays would have been prevented by such alerts. The model assumed there was always a patient ready for discharge and an available hospital bed. The time from each alert until the maximum census was exceeded ("alert lead time") was determined. Alerts were judged to have utility if the alert lead time fell between various intervals from 15 or 30 minutes to 60, 75, or 90 minutes after triggering. In addition, utility for reducing over-utilized OR time was assessed using the model by determining if 2 patients arrived from 5 to 15 minutes of each other when the PACU census was at 1 patient less than the maximum census. At most, 23% of alerts arrived 30 to 60 minutes prior to the admission that resulted in the PACU exceeding the specified maximum capacity. When the notification window was extended to 15 to 90 minutes, the maximum utility was system to mitigate

A bacia hidrográfica como unidade fundamental de análise da paisagem: a Bacia do Pacuí e a sua relação com a Bacia do São Francisco

OpenAIRE

Maria Ivete Soares de Almeida

2015-01-01

Este artigo procura entender a bacia hidrográfica como unidade espacial e básica na análise do ambiente, ficando implícita a adoção da visão integrada da paisagem e do meio ambiente. Neste sentido, apresenta uma breve revisão teórica sobre a evolução dos estudos sobre as bacias hidrográficas. Esta discussão se faz necessária para o entendimento de como o conceito bacia hidrográfica tem sido trabalhado na geografia. A seguir é feita uma contextualização da paisagem da Bacia do Pacuí e a sua re...

Initial experience with the unrestricted introduction of sugammadex at a large academic medical center: a retrospective observational study examining postoperative mechanical ventilation and efficiency outcomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Reilly-Shah, Vikas N O'; Lynde, Grant C; Mitchell, Matthew L; Maffeo, Carla L; Jabaley, Craig S; Wolf, Francis A

2018-05-30

Sugammadex can rapidly reverse deep neuromuscular blockade, but due to cost questions remain as to its optimal utilization. After introduction for unrestricted use at an academic medical center, we hypothesized that reductions would be demonstrated in the primary outcome of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) mechanical ventilation (MV) and secondary outcomes of PACU length of stay (LOS), and emergence time (surgery end to anesthesia end time in PACU). We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients undergoing general anesthesia over a 12-month period. Using multiple variable penalized logistic regression in a one group before-and-after design, we compared categorized rates of PACU MV to examine the effect of sugammadex introduction following a post-hoc chart review to ascertain the reason for postoperative MV. Additionally, multiple variable linear regression was used to assess for differences in PACU LOS and emergence time within a propensity matched set of patients receiving neostigmine or sugammadex. 7,217 cases met inclusion criteria: 3,798 before and 3,419 after the introduction of sugammadex. The incidence of PACU MV was 2.3% before and 1.8% after (p=0.118). PACU MV due to residual neuromuscular blockade (rNMB) decreased from 0.63% to 0.20% (p=0.005). Ventilation due to other causes was unchanged. PACU LOS and emergence time were unchanged in a propensity matched set of 1,444 cases. We identified rNMB as an important contributor to PACU MV utilization and observed a significant decrease after sugammadex was introduced. The selected efficiency measures may not have been sufficiently granular to identify improvements following introduction.

Inadequate emergence after anesthesia: emergence delirium and hypoactive emergence in the Postanesthesia Care Unit.

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Xará, Daniela; Silva, Acácio; Mendonça, Júlia; Abelha, Fernando

2013-09-01

To evaluate the frequency, determinants, and outcome of inadequate emergence after elective surgery in the Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU). Prospective observational study. 12-bed PACU of a tertiary-care hospital in a major metropolitan area. 266 adult patients admitted to the PACU. To evaluate inadequate emergence, the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) was administered to patients 10 minutes after their admission to the PACU. Demographic data, perioperative variables, and postoperative length of stay (LOS) in the PACU and the hospital were recorded. 40 (15%) patients showed symptoms of inadequate emergence: 17 patients (6.4%) screened positive for emergence delirium and 23 patients (8.6%) showed hypoactive emergence. Determinants of emergence delirium were longer duration of preoperative fasting (P = 0.001), higher visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain (P = 0.002), and major surgical risk (P = 0.001); these patients had a higher frequency of postoperative delirium (P = 0.017) and had higher nausea VAS score 6 hours after surgery (P = 0.001). Determinants of hypoactive emergence were duration of surgery (P = 0.003), amount of crystalloids administered during surgery (P = 0.002), residual neuromuscular block (P < 0.001), high-risk surgery (P = 0.002), and lower core temperature on PACU admission (P = 0.028); these patients also had more frequent residual neuromuscular block (P < 0.001) postoperative delirium (P < 0.001), and more frequent adverse respiratory events (P = 0.02). Patients with hypoactive emergence had longer PACU and hospital LOS. Preventable determinants for emergence delirium were higher postoperative pain scores and longer fasting times. Hypoactive emergence was associated with longer postoperative PACU and hospital LOSs. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Phylogeny of the Serrasalmidae (Characiformes based on mitochondrial DNA sequences

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Guillermo Ortí

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Previous studies based on DNA sequences of mitochondrial (mt rRNA genes showed three main groups within the subfamily Serrasalminae: (1 a "pacu" clade of herbivores (Colossoma, Mylossoma, Piaractus; (2 the "Myleus" clade (Myleus, Mylesinus, Tometes, Ossubtus; and (3 the "piranha" clade (Serrasalmus, Pygocentrus, Pygopristis, Pristobrycon, Catoprion, Metynnis. The genus Acnodon was placed as the sister taxon of clade (2+3. However, poor resolution within each clade was obtained due to low levels of variation among rRNA gene sequences. Complete sequences of the hypervariable mtDNA control region for a total of 45 taxa, and additional sequences of 12S and 16S rRNA from a total of 74 taxa representing all genera in the family are now presented to address intragroup relationships. Control region sequences of several serrasalmid species exhibit tandem repeats of short motifs (12 to 33 bp in the 3' end of this region, accounting for substantial length variation. Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony analyses of these sequences identify the same groupings as before and provide further evidence to support the following observations: (a Serrasalmus gouldingi and species of Pristobrycon (non-striolatus form a monophyletic group that is the sister group to other species of Serrasalmus and Pygocentrus; (b Catoprion, Pygopristis, and Pristobrycon striolatus form a well supported clade, sister to the group described above; (c some taxa assigned to the genus Myloplus (M. asterias, M tiete, M ternetzi, and M rubripinnis form a well supported group whereas other Myloplus species remain with uncertain affinities (d Mylesinus, Tometes and Myleus setiger form a monophyletic group.

A prospective observational study comparing a physiological scoring system with time-based discharge criteria in pediatric ambulatory surgical patients.

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Armstrong, James; Forrest, Helen; Crawford, Mark W

2015-10-01

Discharge criteria based on physiological scoring systems can be used in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) to fast-track patients after ambulatory surgery; however, studies comparing physiological scoring systems with traditional time-based discharge criteria are lacking. The purpose of this study was to compare PACU discharge readiness times using physiological vs time-based discharge criteria in pediatric ambulatory surgical patients. We recorded physiological observations from consecutive American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III patients aged 1-18 yr who were admitted to the PACU after undergoing ambulatory surgery in a tertiary academic pediatric hospital. The physiological score was a combination of the Aldrete and Chung systems. Scores were recorded every 15 min starting upon arrival in the PACU. Patients were considered fit for discharge once they attained a score ≥12 (maximum score, 14), provided no score was zero, with the time to achieve a score ≥12 defining the criteria-based discharge (CBD) time. Patients were discharged from the PACU when both the CBD and the existing time-based discharge (TBD) criteria were met. The CBD and TBD data were compared using Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analysis. Observations from 506 children are presented. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 5.5 [2.8-9.9] yr. Median [IQR] CBD and TBD PACU discharge readiness times were 30 [15-45] min and 60 [45-60] min, respectively. Analysis of Kaplan-Meier curves indicated a significant difference in discharge times using the different criteria (hazard ratio, 5.43; 95% confidence interval, 4.51 to 6.53; P < 0.001). All patients were discharged home without incident. This prospective study suggests that discharge decisions based on physiological criteria have the potential for significantly speeding the transit of children through the PACU, thereby enhancing PACU efficiency and resource utilization.

Obese patients: respiratory complications in the post-anesthesia care unit.

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Mendonça, J; Pereira, H; Xará, D; Santos, A; Abelha, F J

2014-01-01

Obesity has been associated with respiratory complications, and the majority of these complications occur in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome and incidence of adverse respiratory events (AREs) in obese patients during their stay in the PACU METHODS: We conducted a prospective control study that included 27 obese patients matched with an equal number of patients with body mass index (BMI)<30 (non-obese control group); the 2 groups of patients were similar in respect to gender distribution, age, and type of surgery and had been admitted into the PACU after elective surgery (May 2011). The AREs were identified during PACU stay. Descriptive analysis of variables was performed, and the Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test were used for comparisons. Associations with AREs were studied using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. There was a higher frequency of STOP-BANG ≥3 (89% vs. 11%, P<.001) among obese patients and they were less frequently scheduled to undergo high-risk surgery (7% vs. 41%, P=.005) and major surgery (4% vs. 15%, P=.008). Obese patients had more frequent AREs in the PACU (33% vs. 7%, P<.018). Multivariate analysis identified obesity and residual neuromuscular blockade as independent risk factors for the occurrence of AREs. Stay in the PACU was longer for obese patients (120min vs. 84min, P<.01). Obesity was considered an independent risk factor for AREs in the PACU. Obese patients stayed longer in the PACU, but they did not stay longer in the hospital. Copyright © 2012 Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Surgical stress response and the potential role of preoperative glucocorticoids on post-anesthesia care unit recovery

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Steinthorsdottir, Kristin J; Kehlet, Henrik; Aasvang, Eske K

2017-01-01

The immediate postoperative course in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) remains a challenge across surgical procedures. Postoperative pain, sedation/cognitive dysfunction, nausea and vomiting (PONV), circulatory and respiratory problems and orthostatic intolerance constitute the bulk of the di......-anesthesia care unit (PACU), but with a scarcity of intervention studies using glucocorticoids to control inflammation. We, therefore, suggest a future research focus on the role of inflammation and effect of glucocorticoids in the PACU setting to improve patient recovery....

A clinical audit of postoperative urinary retention in the postanesthesia care unit.

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McLeod, Laura; Southerland, Kerry; Bond, Jade

2013-08-01

Postoperative urinary retention (PUR) is a common postsurgical complication. Early detection and management of PUR is of particular concern to nurses working in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) because a single episode of bladder distention may result in permanent bladder damage. A clinical audit (CA) was conducted that examined the risk factors that may contribute to the development of PUR in the PACU. The CA was conducted over a 1-week time period and used a data collection tool that was developed from the current literature. A total of 34 patients met the inclusion criteria for the CA, and a prevalence rate of 20.6% was reported, which was consistent with prevalence rates reported by larger research studies. Despite the small sample size of this CA, results suggested that PUR should be of concern to nurses in the PACU. Recommendations included the development and implementation of a guideline relating to bladder scanning in the PACU and modification of existing PACU discharge criteria to include bladder management. Copyright © 2013 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Low minute ventilation episodes during anesthesia recovery following intraperitoneal surgery as detected by a non-invasive respiratory volume monitor.

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Cavalcante, Alexandre N; Martin, Yvette N; Sprung, Juraj; Imsirovic, Jasmin; Weingarten, Toby N

2017-12-20

An electrical impedance-based noninvasive respiratory volume monitor (RVM) accurately reports minute volume, tidal volume and respiratory rate. Here we used the RVM to quantify the occurrence of and evaluate the ability of clinical factors to predict respiratory depression in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). RVM generated respiratory data were collected from spontaneously breathing patients following intraperitoneal surgeries under general anesthesia admitted to the PACU. Respiratory depression was defined as low minute ventilation episode (LMVe, respiratory rate (respiratory rate was a poor predictor of LMVe (sensitivity = 11.8%). Other clinical variables (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea) were not found to be predictors of LMVe. Using RVM we identified that mild, clinically nondetectable, respiratory depression prior to opioid administration in the PACU was associated with the development of substantial subsequent respiratory depression during the PACU stay.

EVALUACIÓN DE NUEVA TECNOLOGÍA PARA MITIGAR LAS ESPINAS INTRAMUSCULARES EN FILETES DE CACHAMA Piaractus brachypomus (Pisces: Characidae EVALUATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGY TO MITIGATE INTRAMUSCULAR THORNS IN CACHAMA FILLETS

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Héctor Suárez Mahecha

2009-06-01

Full Text Available La presencia de espinas intramusculares en filetes de cachama dificulta la comercializacion y demanda por parte de los consumidores. Hasta el momento no existen tecnologías que permitan ofrecer filetes de cachama que garanticen condiciones de seguridad frente a las espinas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar una nueva tecnología para mitigar la presencia de espinas en filetes de cachama Piaractus brachypomus empacados al vacío y almacenados durante 30 días a 3±0,5 °C. A filetes en presentación lateral interna fueron realizados cortes profundos, paralelos y perpendiculares al eje longitudinal, a una distancia de 3 mm entre cada corte, en sentido dorso-ventral. Fueron realizados análisis microbiológico, fisicoquímico y sensorial. El análisis microbiológico muestra condiciones aceptables para el final del periodo de almacenamiento. Los valores obtenidos para este periodo, fueron de log UFC/g 7,07; 4,7 y 1100 NMP, 18 NMP para organismos psicrotrofilos, mesófilos, coliformes totales y coliformes fecales, respectivamente. No fue determinada presencia de Salmonella ni de organismos sulfito reductores. El análisis fisicoquímico mostró valores de 39,36 para BVT-N; 6,22 pH; 3,3% de pérdida de humedad 1,52; ácido tiobarbitúrico mg MA/kg. El efecto del sajado no incrementó los valores de oxidación de ácidos grasos, ni aumentó las BVT que pudiesen indicar degradación de la proteína. En el análisis sensorial los filetes sometidos a cocción fueron rechazados solamente a partir del día 25 del periodo de almacenamiento, para los atributos aroma y sabor. Durante la evaluación los panelistas no encontraron presencia de espinas, mostrando que la temperatura de cocción utilizada y los cortes en las espinas, permiten degradar la espina intramuscular evitando que sea detectada.The presence of pin bones in cachama fillets makes marketing and demand difficult by the consumers. So far, there are no technologies to provide cachama

Effects of intensivist coverage in a post-anaesthesia care unit on surgical patients' case mix and characteristics of the intensive care unit.

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Kastrup, Marc; Seeling, Matthes; Barthel, Stefan; Bloch, Andy; le Claire, Marie; Spies, Claudia; Scheller, Matthias; Braun, Jan

2012-07-18

There is an increasing demand for intensive care in hospitals, which can lead to capacity limitations in the intensive care unit (ICU). Due to postponement of elective surgery or delayed admission of emergency patients, outcome may be negatively influenced. To optimize the admission process to intensive care, the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) was staffed with intensivist coverage around the clock. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the impact of the PACU on the structure of ICU-patients and the contribution to overall hospital profit in terms of changes in the case mix index for all surgical patients. The administrative data of all surgical patients (n = 51,040) 20 months prior and 20 months after the introduction of a round-the-clock intensivist staffing of the PACU were evaluated and compared. The relative number of patients with longer length of stay (LOS) (more than seven days) in the ICU increased after the introduction of the PACU. The average monthly number of treatment days of patients staying less than 24 hours in the ICU decreased by about 50% (138.95 vs. 68.19 treatment days, P case mix index (CMI) per hospital day for all surgical patients was significantly higher after the introduction of a PACU: 0.286 (± 0.234) vs. 0.309 (± 0.272) P case mix index of the patients per hospital day, increased after the implementation of a PACU and more patients can be treated in the same time, due to a better use of resources.

Análisis proximal, evaluación microbiológica y sensorial de carnes para hamburguesas elaboradas con cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus y soya (Glycine max texturizada

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Oscar García

2013-12-01

Full Text Available La cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus es una especie económicamente importante en la acuicultura continental de América Latina y una alternativa nacional de producción de pescado para la piscicultura, la industria y el consumo. El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue caracterizar mediante análisis proximal, evaluación microbiológica y sensorial, carnes para hamburguesas elaboradas con pulpa de cachama y diferentes inclusiones porcentuales de harina de soya texturizada (HST (0, 3, 6 y 9 %. Se realizó análisis proximal a las carnes crudas y cocidas, se evaluó microbiológicamente a las crudas y sensorialmente las cocidas con 100 consumidores. En las carnes para hamburguesas a mayor adición de HST favoreció la retención de agua durante la cocción y se elevó el contenido de proteína, grasa y cenizas en las carnes crudas y cocidas (p < 0,05. El análisis microbiológico reveló inocuidad alimentaria en las carnes para hamburguesas crudas, encontrándose todos los valores por debajo de lo establecido en la norma venezolana COVENIN 2127-1998 para hamburguesa y otras normas de referencia. La blandura aumentó de manera proporcional al incremento porcentual en la inclusión de HST y las formulaciones con 0, 3 y 6 % de HST se diferenciaron significativamente (p < 0,05 de la formulación con 9 %. La apariencia de las carnes de hamburguesa agradó más en las formulaciones 6 y 9 %, la blandura en 9 %, y el sabor en el control (0 %, seguido de 3 %. Algunos consumidores hicieron asociaciones de sabor a carne de pollo, mariscos y hervidos de pollo.

Postoperative environmental anesthetic vapour concentrations following removal of the airway device in the operating room versus the postanesthesia care unit.

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Cheung, Sara K; Özelsel, Timur; Rashiq, Saifee; Tsui, Ban C

2016-09-01

This study was designed to compare waste anesthetic gas (WAG) concentrations within patients' breathing zones after removal of the patient's airway device in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) vs in the operating room (OR). Following Research Ethics Board approval and patient consent, we recruited patients undergoing surgery who received volatile anesthesia via an endotracheal tube or supraglottic airway. Patients had their airway device removed in the OR or in the PACU depending on the attending anesthesiologist's preference. Upon the patient's arrival in the PACU, concentrations of exhaled sevoflurane and desflurane were measured at their breathing zone (i.e., 15 cm from the patient's mouth and nose) using a single-beam infrared spectrophotometer. Seventy patients were recruited during the five-month study period. The median [interquartile range] WAG levels in the patients' breathing zones were higher when their airway devices were removed in the PACU vs in the OR. The WAG levels for sevoflurane were 0.7 [0.4-1.1] parts per million (ppm) vs 0.5 [0.4-0.7] ppm, respectively; median difference, 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.1 to 0.6; P = 0.04. The WAG levels for desflurane were 2.4 [1.2-3.4] ppm vs 4.1 [2.5-5.2] ppm, respectively; median difference, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.3 to 2.7; P = 0.04. After a volatile-based anesthetic, our results suggest that removal of the airway device in the PACU vs in the OR increases the amount of waste anesthetic gas in a patient's breathing zone and thus potentially in the PACU nurse's working zone.

Substituição de alimento vivo por alimento inerte na larvicultura intensiva do tambacu (♀ Colossoma macropomum X ♂ Piaractus mesopotamicus - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i4.3835 Replacement of live food for inert food on larviculture of tambacu (♀ Colossoma macropomum X ♂ Piaractus mesopotamicus - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i4.3835

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Levy de Carvalho Gomes

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Com este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a substituição de náuplios de Artemia salina por alimentos inertes durante a larvicultura do tambacu. Na primeira fase, com duração de 12 dias, as larvas foram alimentadas com: náuplio de Artemia salina, cyclop-eeze e ovo de Artemia salina. Na segunda fase, com duração de dez dias, foram utilizadas larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina provenientes da primeira fase e testados os mesmos três alimentos. A qualidade da água manteve-se em condições adequadas para a larvicultura nas duas fases. As larvas da primeira fase alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina obtiveram os melhores resultados em crescimento, sobrevivência e desempenho produtivo. Na segunda fase, o crescimento, a sobrevivência e o desempenho produtivo das larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina e ovo de Artemia salina foram semelhantes. Nas duas fases, o custo com alimento foi mais baixo nas larvas alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia salina. Os resultados obtidos mostram que nas duas fases de larvicultura testadas a oferta de náuplios de Artemia salina é a melhor estratégia alimentar por proporcionar boa sobrevivência, crescimento e bom desempenho produtivo, além de menor custo.The aim of this work was to evaluate the replacement of Artemia salina nauplii by inert food during larviculture of tambacu. On the first phase with duration of 12 days, the larvae were fed with one of the following foods: Artemia salina nauplii, cyclop-eeze or Artemia salina egg. On the second phase, with 10 days of duration, larvae fed with Artemia salina nauplii were utilized in the first experiment and the same food treatments were tested. Water quality was adequate for larvae rearing in both phases. The larvae from the first phase that fed with Artemia salina nauplii presented better growth, survival rate and yield. On the second phase, the growth, survival and yield of larvae fed with Artemia salina nauplii and eggs were similar. On both phases, the food cost was lower for larvae fed with Artemia salina nauplii. The obtained results shown that on the two rearing phases the use of Artemia salina nauplii is the better feeding strategies, as the survival, growth, yield were greater than in the others treatments, and also showed the lower cost.

Importance of dam-free stretches for fish reproduction: the last remnant in the Upper Paraná River

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Jislaine Cristina Silva

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Aim: This study uses the abundance of fish eggs and larvae to evaluate the importance of the main channel of the Paraná River and the adjacent areas of the floodplain, in the last dam-free stretch in the Brazilian territory, for the spawning and development of fish of different reproductive guilds, in order to obtain subsidies to assist in the management and conservation policies of this area, focusing on the maintenance of dam-free areas. Methods Data were taken quarterly from August 2013 to May 2015, in 25 sites, grouped into three biotopes: main channel, tributaries and lagoons. Possible spatial variations in fish spawning and development as well as composition and structure of larvae were evaluated. Results Higher densities of eggs were found in tributaries (Paracaí and Amambai rivers and greater densities of larvae were observed in lagoons (Saraiva. Significant differences in composition and structure of larvae were detected only between sampling stations. As for taxonomic composition, 29 taxa were recorded, mostly non-migratory. However, long-distance migratory were also widely distributed, such as Brycon orbignyanus, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Prochilodus lineatus, Piaractus mesopotamicus and Rhaphiodon vulpinus, as well as invasive species Platanichthys platana and Hemiodus orthonops. In turn, Salminus brasiliensis presented low occurrence. Conclusions This study evidenced that different species spawn in the region, mainly in tributaries, and their eggs and larvae are transported to the main channel of the Paraná River and adjacent lagoons, to complete their early development. The capture of larvae of important migratory species suggests that this environment still exhibits suitable conditions for their reproduction, mainly due to the presence of dam-free tributaries. Also, they emphasize the importance of the integrity of these environments for the maintenance of the regional fish fauna, and it is extremely important the

Opioids and immunosupression in oncological postoperative patients

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José Luis Bonilla-García

Full Text Available Summary Introduction: Recent animal studies demonstrated immunosuppressive effects of opioid withdrawal resulting in a higher risk of infection. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of remifentanil discontinuation on Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU-acquired infection after a schedule of sedoanalgesia of at least 6 days. Method: All patients over 18 years of age with a unit admission of more than 4 days were consecutively selected. The study population was the one affected by surgical pathology of any origin where sedation was based on any hypnotic and the opioid remifentanil was used as analgesic for at least 96 hours in continuous perfusion. Patients who died during admission to the unit and those with combined analgesia (peripheral or neuroaxial blocks were excluded. Bivariate analysis was performed to determine risk factors for infection acquired in the unit. A comparative study between periods of 6 days before and after the cessation of remifentanil was performed. Paired samples test and McNemar test was used for quantitative and categorical variables, respectively. Results: There were 1,789 patients admitted to the PACU during the study and the population eligible was constituted for 102 patients. The incidence rate of PACU-acquired infection was 38 per 1,000 PACU days. Ventilator-associated pneumonia was the most frequently diagnosed PACU-acquired infection. Pseudomona aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated microorganism. Hospital mortality was 36.27%. No statistically significant differences were seen in the incidence of HAI in cancer patients in relation to discontinuation of remifentanil (p=0.068. Conclusion: The baseline state of immunosuppression of cancer patients does not imply a higher incidence of HAI in relation to the interruption of remifentanil. It would be of interest to carry out a multicenter PACU study that included immunological patterns.

Evaluación del tiempo de evacuación gástrica de la cachama blanca Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818, utilizando diferentes frecuencias de alimentación y ayuno

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José Ader Gómez-Peñaranda

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudio estima el tiempo de vaciado del estómago de la cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus en el día de comienzo regular de alimentación posterior a un periodo de ayuno. Para el efecto, se recolectaron muestras de contenido estomacal en periodos de dos horas después del suministro de alimento (9:30 y 15:30 h hasta el primer indicio de vaciado. Se utilizaron cachamas con un peso de 360 ± 12 g dispuestas en cuatro tratamientos: (1 T1 = alimentación a saciedad durante 5 días y ayuno de 2 días, (2 T2 = alimentación a saciedad durante 6 días y ayuno de 1 día, (3 T3 = alimentación a saciedad durante 7 días, y (4 TC = alimentación siguiendo las tablas recomendadas por el fabricante del alimento. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante ANOVA de medidas repetidas, empleando como factores el tratamiento y el tiempo de vaciado, siendo cada repetición la unidad experimental. Las cachamas del tratamiento T1 presentaron mayor cantidad de alimento en el estómago en los muestreos posteriores al suministro de la primera y segunda ración. A diferencia del tratamiento T1, en los demás las cachamas vaciaron su contenido en el estómago en el periodo comprendido entre la primera y la segunda ración de alimentación y en el periodo posterior a la segunda ración. Por tanto, cuando el contenido estomacal fue mayor, debido a un mayor consumo de alimento en la ración, como en el caso del tratamiento (T1, el tiempo necesario para vaciar el estómago de las cachamas se incrementó.

Prediction of immediate postoperative pain using the analgesia/nociception index: a prospective observational study.

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Boselli, E; Bouvet, L; Bégou, G; Dabouz, R; Davidson, J; Deloste, J-Y; Rahali, N; Zadam, A; Allaouchiche, B

2014-04-01

The analgesia/nociception index (ANI) is derived from heart rate variability, ranging from 0 (maximal nociception) to 100 (maximal analgesia), to reflect the analgesia/nociception balance during general anaesthesia. This should be correlated with immediate postoperative pain in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU). The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of ANI measured at arousal from general anaesthesia to predict immediate postoperative pain on arrival in PACU. Two hundred patients undergoing ear, nose, and throat or lower limb orthopaedic surgery with general anaesthesia using an inhalational agent and remifentanil were included in this prospective observational study. The ANI was measured immediately before tracheal extubation and pain intensity was assessed within 10 min of arrival in PACU using a 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS). The relationship between ANI and NRS was assessed using linear regression. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of ANI to predict NRS>3. A negative linear relationship was observed between ANI immediately before extubation and NRS on arrival in PACU. Using a threshold of 3 were both 86% with 92% negative predictive value, corresponding to an area under the ROC curve of 0.89. The measurement of ANI immediately before extubation after inhalation-remifentanil anaesthesia was significantly associated with pain intensity on arrival in PACU. The performance of ANI for the prediction of immediate postoperative pain is good and may assist physicians in optimizing acute pain management. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01796249.

Caffeine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

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Richard A Steinbrook

2013-01-01

Statistical analysis: Statistical comparisons were tested using bivariable linear and logistic regression for each outcome and then adjusted for high/low risk. Results: Nausea in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU was more common in the caffeine (16 of 62 patients than the placebo group (seven of 69; P = 0.02. There were no significant differences in the use of rescue antiemetics in the PACU, in the incidence of nausea or vomiting over 24 h postoperatively, nor in other outcomes (headache, fatigue, or overall satisfaction either in the PACU or at 24 h; time-to-discharge was similar for both groups. Conclusion: Caffeine was not effective in the prevention of PONV or headache, and did not improve time-to-discharge or patient satisfaction.

Impact of medical training and clinical experience on the assessment of oxygenation and hypoxaemia after general anaesthesia: an observational study.

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Aust, Hansjörg; Kranke, Peter; Eberhart, Leopold H J; Afshari, Arash; Weber, Frank; Brieskorn, Melanie; Heine, Julian; Arndt, Christian; Rüsch, Dirk

2015-06-01

In Germany it is common practice to use pulse oximetry and supplementary oxygen only on request in patients breathing spontaneously transferred to the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) following surgery under general anaesthesia. The main aim was to study the influence of medical training and clinical experience on assessing SpO(2) and detecting hypoxaemia in these patients. The second aim was to do a preliminary assessment whether this practice can be found in countries other than Germany. Anaesthetists, nurses and medical students estimated SpO(2) in patients breathing room air at the end of transfer to the PACU following surgery (including all major surgical fields) under general anaesthesia. Estimated SpO(2) was compared to SpO(2) measured by pulse oximetry. A survey was carried out among European anaesthesists concerning the use of pulse oximetry and supplementary oxygen during patient transfer to the PACU. Hypoxaemia (SpO(2) < 90 %) occurred in 154 (13.5 %) out of 1,138 patients. Anaesthetists, nurses, and medical students identified only 25, 23, and 21 patients of those as being hypoxaemic, respectively. Clinical experience did not improve detection of hypoxaemia both in anaesthetists (p = 0.63) and nurses (p = 0.18). Use of pulse oximetry and supplemental oxygen during patient transfer to the PACU in European countries differs to a large extent. It seems to be applied only on request in many hospitals. Considering the uncertainty about deleterious effects of transient, short lasting hypoxaemia routine use of pulse oximetry is advocated for patient transfer to the PACU.

Effects of Modification of Pain Protocol on Incidence of Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting.

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Schwarzkopf, Ran; Snir, Nimrod; Sharfman, Zachary T; Rinehart, Joseph B; Calderon, Michael-David; Bahn, Esther; Harrington, Brian; Ahn, Kyle

2016-01-01

A Perioperative Surgical Home (PSH) care model applies a standardized multidisciplinary approach to patient care using evidence-based medicine to modify and improve protocols. Analysis of patient outcome measures, such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), allows for refinement of existing protocols to improve patient care. We aim to compare the incidence of PONV in patients who underwent primary total joint arthroplasty before and after modification of our PSH pain protocol. All total joint replacement PSH (TJR-PSH) patients who underwent primary THA (n=149) or TKA (n=212) in the study period were included. The modified protocol added a single dose of intravenous (IV) ketorolac given in the operating room and oxycodone immediate release orally instead of IV Hydromorphone in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). The outcomes were (1) incidence of PONV and (2) average pain score in the PACU. We also examined the effect of primary anesthetic (spinal vs . GA) on these outcomes. The groups were compared using chi-square tests of proportions. The incidence of post-operative nausea in the PACU decreased significantly with the modified protocol (27.4% vs . 38.1%, p=0.0442). There was no difference in PONV based on choice of anesthetic or procedure. Average PACU pain scores did not differ significantly between the two protocols. Simple modifications to TJR-PSH multimodal pain management protocol, with decrease in IV narcotic use, resulted in a lower incidence of postoperative nausea, without compromising average PACU pain scores. This report demonstrates the need for continuous monitoring of PSH pathways and implementation of revisions as needed.

Utility of screening questionnaire and polysomnography to predict postoperative outcomes in children.

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Kako, Hiromi; Tripi, Jennifer; Walia, Hina; Tumin, Dmitry; Splaingard, Mark; Jatana, Kris R; Tobias, Joseph D; Raman, Vidya T

2017-11-01

The prevalence of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has increased concurrently with the increasing prevalence of obesity. We have previously validated a short questionnaire predicting the occurrence of OSA on polysomnography (PSG). This follow-up study assessed the utility of the questionnaire in predicting postoperative outcomes. Children undergoing surgery and completing a sleep study were prospectively screened for OSA using a short questionnaire. Procedures within 1 year of PSG were included in the analysis. Questionnaires were scored according to a cutoff previously deemed optimal for predicting OSA (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 5) on the sleep study. Postoperative outcomes included prolonged (>60 min) length of stay (LOS) in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and oxygen requirement in the PACU. The study cohort included 185 patients (100/85 male/female) age 8 ± 4 years, undergoing adenotonsillectomy (n = 109), other ear, nose, and throat (ENT) procedures (n = 18), or non-ENT procedures (n = 58). There were 45 patients with OSA documented by PSG and 122 patients identified as likely to have OSA according to questionnaire responses (89% sensitivity, 41% specificity). PACU LOS was prolonged in 55/181 (30%) cases and supplemental oxygen was used in the PACU in 29/181 (16%) cases. In separate multivariable models, supplemental oxygen use in the PACU was more common if a patient scored ≥2/6 points on the short questionnaire scale (OR = 5.0; 95% CI: 1.3, 19.9; p = 0.023) or if the patient was diagnosed with OSA on PSG (OR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.6, 13.5; p = 0.005). Neither OSA on PSG nor questionnaire score ≥2/6 were associated with prolonged PACU stay. Both OSA diagnosis based on the AHI and the questionnaire scale achieved comparable predictive value for the need for oxygen use in the PACU. The utility of the questionnaire in predicting rare adverse events (e.g., unplanned admission or rapid response team activation) remains to be determined

Postoperative delirium in intensive care patients: risk factors and outcome.

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Veiga, Dalila; Luis, Clara; Parente, Daniela; Fernandes, Vera; Botelho, Miguela; Santos, Patricia; Abelha, Fernando

2012-07-01

Postoperative delirium (POD) in Surgical Intensive Care patients is an important independent outcome determinant. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the incidence and determinants of POD. Prospective cohort study conducted during a period of 10 months in a Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) with five intensive care beds. All consecutive adult patients submitted to major surgery were enrolled. Demographic data, perioperative variables, length of stay (LOS) and the mortality at PACU, hospital and at 6-months follow-up were recorded. Postoperative delirium was evaluated using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC). Descriptive analyses were conducted and the Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used for comparisons. Logistic regression analysis evaluated the determinants of POD with calculation of odds ratio (OR) and its confidence interval 95% (95% CI). There were 775 adult PACU admissions and 95 patients had exclusion criteria. Of the remaining 680 patients, 128 (18.8%) developed POD. Independent determinants of POD identified were age, ASA-PS, emergency surgery and total amount of fresh frozen plasma administered during surgery. Patients with delirium had higher mortality rates, were more severely ill and stayed longer at the PACU and in the hospital. POD was an independent risk factor for hospital mortality There was a high incidence of delirium had a high incidence in intensive care surgical patients. POD was associated with worse severity of disease scores, longer LOS in hospital, and in PACU and higher mortality rates. The independent risk factors for POD were age, ASAPS, emergency surgery and the amount of plasma administered during surgery. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Decreasing Postanesthesia Care Unit to Floor Transfer Times to Facilitate Short Stay Total Joint Replacements.

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Sibia, Udai S; Grover, Jennifer; Turcotte, Justin J; Seanger, Michelle L; England, Kimberly A; King, Jennifer L; King, Paul J

2018-04-01

We describe a process for studying and improving baseline postanesthesia care unit (PACU)-to-floor transfer times after total joint replacements. Quality improvement project using lean methodology. Phase I of the investigational process involved collection of baseline data. Phase II involved developing targeted solutions to improve throughput. Phase III involved measured project sustainability. Phase I investigations revealed that patients spent an additional 62 minutes waiting in the PACU after being designated ready for transfer. Five to 16 telephone calls were needed between the PACU and the unit to facilitate each patient transfer. The most common reason for delay was unavailability of the unit nurse who was attending to another patient (58%). Phase II interventions resulted in transfer times decreasing to 13 minutes (79% reduction, P care at other institutions. Copyright © 2016 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of sugammadex in accelerating postoperative discharge: A meta-analysis.

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Carron, Michele; Zarantonello, Francesco; Lazzarotto, Nadia; Tellaroli, Paola; Ori, Carlo

2017-06-01

Sugammadex has been introduced for reversal of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) induced by rocuronium (or vecuronium). Although its efficacy and safety have been established, data are conflicting as to whether it accelerates discharge to the surgical ward compared with neostigmine, which is traditionally used for reversing NMB. The object of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to review the research comparing sugammadex and neostigmine in the context of patient discharge after general anesthesia. Systematic review and meta-analysis. University medical hospital. Five-hundred eighteen patients from six studies were included. A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials written in English. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted data regarding postoperative discharge, and assessed the trials' methodological quality and evidence level. Postoperative discharge time was determined from the operating room (OR) to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and from the PACU to the surgical ward. This study was conducted using PRISMA methodology. Time to discharge after NMB reversal with sugammadex or neostigmine. Compared with neostigmine, sugammadex was associated with a significantly faster discharge from the OR to the PACU (mean difference [MD]=22.14min, 95% CI (14.62, 29.67), Psugammadex than for neostigmine from the OR to the PACU (MD=5.58min, 95% CI (3.03, 8.14), P≤0.0001, I 2 =0%). However, discharge-readiness was similar in both groups for patients moving from the PACU to the surgical ward (MD=-1.10min, 95% CI (-5.69, 3.50), P=0.6394, I 2 =25.3%). Results from this meta-analysis suggest that sugammadex accelerates postoperative discharge of patients after general anesthesia compared with neostigmine. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A comparison of the fascia iliaca block to the lumbar plexus block in providing analgesia following arthroscopic hip surgery: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

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Badiola, Ignacio; Liu, Jiabin; Huang, Stephanie; Kelly, John D; Elkassabany, Nabil

2018-05-31

This randomized controlled single blinded clinical trial compared the fascia iliaca block (FIB) and the lumbar plexus block (LPB) in patients with moderate to severe pain following hip arthroscopic surgery. Single blinded randomized trial. Postoperative recovery area, postoperative days 0 and 1. Fifty patients undergoing hip arthroscopy were approached in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) if they had moderate to severe pain (defined as > or equal 4/10 on the numeric rating scale). Twenty-five patients were allocated to the FIB and twenty-five patients to the LPB. Fascia iliaca block or lumbar plexus block. A blinded observer recorded pain scores just prior to the block, 15 min following the block (primary endpoint), and then every 15 min for 2 h (or until the patient was discharged). Total PACU time and opioid use were recorded. Pain scores and analgesic use on postoperative day (POD) 0, and POD 1 were recorded. At 24 h post block the Quality of Recovery 9 questionnaire was administered. The mean pre-block pain scores were comparable between the two groups (P = 0.689). There was no difference in mean post block pain scores between the two groups at 15 min (P = 0.054). In the PACU patients who underwent a LPB consumed less opioids compared to FIB patients (P = 0.02), however no differences were noted between the two groups in PACU length of stay, or POD 0 or 1 opioid use. A fascia iliaca block is not inferior to a lumbar plexus block in reducing PACU pain scores in patients with moderate to severe pain following hip arthroscopic surgery and is a viable option to help manage postoperative pain following hip arthroscopic surgery. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Arrest in the Postanesthesia Care Unit, Rare but Preventable: Analysis of Data From Wake Up Safe, The Pediatric Anesthesia Quality Improvement Initiative.

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Christensen, Robert E; Haydar, Bishr; Voepel-Lewis, Terri D

2017-04-01

Nearly 20% of anesthesia-related pediatric cardiac arrests (CAs) occur during emergence or recovery. The aims of this case series were to use the Wake Up Safe database to describe the following: (1) the nature of pediatric postanesthesia care unit (PACU) CA and subsequent outcomes and (2) factors associated with harm after pediatric PACU CA. Pediatric CAs in the PACU were identified from the Wake Up Safe Pediatric Anesthesia Quality Improvement Initiative, a multicenter registry of adverse events in pediatric anesthesia. Demographics, underlying conditions, cause of CA, and outcomes were extracted. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize data and to assess risk of harm in those suffering CA. A total of 26 CA events were included: 67% in children anesthesia care providers until emergence from anesthesia may further reduce the preventable arrest rate. The root cause analyses conducted by individual institutions reporting these data to the Wake Up Safe provided only limited insight, so multicenter collaborative approaches may allow for greater insight into effective CA-prevention strategies.

Safety aspects of postanesthesia care unit discharge without motor function assessment after spinal anesthesia

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Aasvang, Eske Kvanner; Jørgensen, Christoffer Calov; Laursen, Mogens Berg

2017-01-01

Background: Postanesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge without observation of lower limb motor function after spinal anesthesia has been suggested to signifcantly reduce PACU stay and enhance resource optimization and early rehabilitation but without enough data to allow clinical recommendations...... or knee arthroplasty was noninferior to motor function assessment in achieving length of stay 4 days or less or 30-day readmissions. Because a nonsignifcant tendency toward increased adverse events during the frst 24h in the ward was discovered, further safety data are needed in patients without...

Post-anaesthesia care unit stay after total hip and knee arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lunn, T H; Kristensen, B B; Gaarn-Larsen, L

2012-01-01

patients operated with primary unilateral total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA or TKA) under spinal anaesthesia were included in this hypothesis-generating, prospective, observational cohort study during a 4-month period. Surgical technique, analgesia, and perioperative care were standardized. Well......BACKGROUND: Post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) admission must be well founded and the stay as short as possible without compromising patient safety. However, within the concept of fast-track surgery, studies are limited in addressing the question: why are patients staying in the PACU? METHODS: All...

The implementation of quantitative electromyographic neuromuscular monitoring in an academic anesthesia department.

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Todd, Michael M; Hindman, Bradley J; King, Brian J

2014-08-01

Although experts agree on the importance of quantitative neuromuscular blockade monitoring, particularly for managing reversal, such monitoring is not in widespread use. We describe the processes and results of our departmental experience with the introduction of such quantitative monitoring. In mid-2010, the senior authors became concerned about the management of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers (NMB) by providers within the department, based on personal observations and on a review of a departmental quality assurance/adverse event database. This review indicated the occurrence of 2 to 4 reintubations/year in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) that were deemed to be probably or possibly related to inadequate reversal. In response, quantitative blockade equipment (Datex-Omeda ElectroSensor™ EMG system) was installed in all our main operating rooms in January 2011. This introduction was accompanied by an extensive educational effort. Adoption of the system was slow; by mid-2011, the quantitative system was being used in system. In the initial (August 2011) PACU survey of 96 patients receiving nondepolarizing NMBs, 31% had a TOF ratio of ≤0.9, 17% had a ratio of ≤0.8, and 4 patients (4%) had ratios of ≤0.5. A record review showed that the quantitative monitoring system had been used to monitor reversal in only 51% of these patients, and 23% of patients had no evidence of any monitoring, including qualitative TOF assessment. By December of 2012 (after 2 interim PACU monitoring surveys), a fourth survey showed 15% of 101 monitored patients had a TOF ratio ≤0.9, and only 5% had ratios ≤0.8. (P system was present in 83% of cases (P < 0.05 vs August 2011). A final survey in July 2013 showed nearly identical values to those from December 2012. The lowest TOF ratio observed in any patient not receiving a nondepolarizing NMB was 0.92. There were no changes in the patterns of either rocuronium or neostigmine use over the duration of the project (through

Nicotine addiction management following surgery: a quality improvement approach in the post anesthesia care unit.

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Finegan, Barry A; Roblin, Daniel; Hammal, Fadi

2018-03-14

For smokers, hospital admission is accompanied by forced involuntary nicotine abstinence due to smoke-free site/grounds policies. An audit of patients admitted to our surgical wards revealed that identification of smoking status was inadequate and that nicotine addiction management (NAM) was infrequently offered. The project aimed to enhance both these metrics by initiating NAM in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU). Out of 744 patients admitted to our PACU in August 2015, 54% had their smoking status documented. The 200 patients (27%) out of the 744 were smokers and only 50% were offered NAM before discharge. PACU unit staff to determine the smoking status of every patient before discharge from the PACU (later changed to OR nursing staff) and, if a patient was identified as a smoker, to offer NRT (patch and mouth spray only) and initiate therapy prior to transfer of the patient to the ward. Data about number of patients admitted, presence of documented smoking status, number of identified smokers, and number offered/accepted nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) were collected at baseline and thereafter quarterly. Engaging video education sessions addressed the education gaps highlighted in a needs assessment. Identification of smoking status was made part of preoperative checklist and NRT was made available in post-operative recovery room. These interventions resulted in an increase in screening for tobacco use from 54% at baseline to 95% and the offer of NRT to smokers from 50 to 89%.

Cumulative incidence of postoperative severe pain at Hospital Universitario San Jose, Popayan. Preliminar report

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Ingrid Muñoz

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Postoperative pain remains as a problem. National studies report incidences of 31% for moderate and 22% for severe pain. Inadequate analgesia is related to dissatisfaction and adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence and characteristics of the postoperative pain in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU at Hospital Universitario San José of Popayán (HUSJ in patients undergoing general anesthesia during the first postoperative hour. Methods: Cohort study. We recruited patients attending PACU and undergoing procedures using general anesthesia, between 18 and 70 years. Using a standardized collection form medical history, demographic data, medical history, anesthetic management, intraoperative analgesia and postoperative pain assessment by verbal and numerical pain scale (1-10 were recorded. Postoperative outcome data were also collected in the PACU. Results: The incidence of severe postoperative pain at 10 minutes was 12.3% 95%CI [7.1-18.2] (19 patients. Within 30 minutes of assessment 4.5% 95%CI [1.3-8.4] (7 patients and 1.9% 60 minutes 95%CI [0-4.5] (3 patients. 48.7% required rescue analgesic at PACU. Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV was significantly different in patients requiring rescue analgesic. Conclusion: The incidence of severe postoperative pain in the first postoperative hour at HUSJ is close to 12% and it decreases as time goes by. Patients requiring rescue analgesic have a higher incidence of postoperative complications such as PONV.

Emetogenicity-risk procedures in same day surgery center of an academic university hospital in United States: a retrospective cost-audit of postoperative nausea vomiting management.

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Gupta, Deepak; Haber, Halim

2014-06-01

Despite the variable results of published studies, it is imperative for ambulatory surgery centers to self-audit local cost-implications for post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) management. Our retrospective cost-audit assessed if there were comparative peri-anesthesia care cost-trends among patients who had undergone Low-Emetogenicity-Risk Procedures (LERP), Moderate-Emetogenicity-Risk Procedures (MERP) and Severe-Emetogenicity-Risk Procedures (SERP). This study was a review of Same Day Surgery Center practices in an academic university hospital setting during a three-year period (2010-2012). The patient lists were accessed from CIS and CITRIX App Bar for time audit and OR (operating room) schedule reports. Subsequently, OR pharmacy department ran a search for peri-operative anti-emetics and opioids that were billed for the patients at Same Day Surgery Center for the review period. The primary outcomes were the comparative costs/charges of these medications and comparative durations/ charges for these patients' stay in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Secondary outcomes analyzed in the study included peri-anesthesia durations. A total of 8,657 patient records were analyzed. Almost all analyzed variables revealed statistically significant inter-variable positive correlations. The patients' age was significantly (P < 0.001) different among LERP/MERP/SERP patients (LERP: 48.8 +/- 14.7 years; MERP: 61.8 +/- 14.6 years; SERP: 51.3 +/- 14.5 years). In regards to primary and secondary outcomes, the statistical significant differences among LERP/MERP/SERP patients (after correcting for both patients' age as well as patients' sex) were only achieved for preoperative times (P = 0.002; Power = 0.9), operating room recovery times (P = 0.003; Power = 0.9), PACU stay times (P < 0.001; Power = 1.0), and PACU charges (P < 0.001; Power = 1.0). PACU stay times and PACU charges were significantly higher in patients who had undergone SERP as compared to patients who had

Análise da pele de três espécies de peixes: histologia, morfometria e testes de resistência Analysis of the skin of three fish species: histology, morphometry and resistance tests

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Maria Luiza R. Souza

2003-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a pele de três espécies de peixes (piavuçu Leporinus macrocephalus, pacu prata Mylossoma sp e piraputanga Brycon hilarii através de análise histologica e morfometrica e testes de resistência após o curtimento. Amostras de peles da região dorsal foram coletadas, fixadas em Bouin por 24 horas, incluídas em parafina, cortadas em 5 µm de espessura e coradas por Hematoxilina-eosina. Os cortes foram analisados pela microscopia de luz. Foi utilizado o dinamômetro EMIC para a análise físico-mecânica do couro em 10 amostras no sentido longitudinal a partir da região dorsal do peixe de cada espécie. A derme desses peixes possui um padrão estrutural comum aos teleósteos, porém a disposição e distribuição das fibras colágenas apresentaram-se diferentes entre as espécies analisadas. Através da análise morfométrica constatou-se que a espessura da derme da pele diferiu entre as três espécies. Não houve diferença no teste de resistência à tração no couro da piraputanga (16,88 N/mm² e piavuçu (18,50 N/mm². Os resultados para os couros destas duas espécies de peixes foram superiores ao pacu (11,83 N/mm². O valor de alongamento até a ruptura foi superior para piavuçu (52,83% e piraputanga (60,45%, não diferindo entre eles, porém foi inferior para o pacu (33,83%. O rasgamento progressivo foi maior no couro de pacu (36,51 N/mm. As peles das três espécies analisadas podem ser transformadas em couro para sua aplicação em diversos artefatos.This study was carried out to analyse the skin of three species of fish (piavuçu Leporinus macrocephalus, pacu prata Mylossoma sp e piraputanga Brycon hilarii through histological and morphometrical analysis and resistance tests after hardening. Skin samples from the dorsal region were taken and fixed in Bouin solution for 24 hours. They were embedded in paraffin, cut 5 µm thick and stained by Hematoxylin-eosin technique. The cuts were analyzed

Doentes obesos: complicações respiratórias na unidade pós-anestésica

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J. Mendonça

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Introdução: A obesidade tem sido associada a eventos respiratórios e a maioria destes ocorrem no pós-operatório imediato na unidade pós-anestésica (UPA. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o «outcome» e a incidência de eventos adversos respiratórios (ARE pós-operatórios em doentes com obesidade durante a sua permanência na UPA. Métodos: Estudo prospetivo caso-controlo com emparelhamento de 27 pares de adultos com obesidade e doentes com IMC  0,025. A análise multivariada identificou a obesidade e o bloqueio neuromuscular residual como fatores de risco independentes para a ocorrência de eventos respiratórios. A duração da estadia na UPA foi superior nos doentes obesos (120 min vs 84 min, p > 0,01. Conclusões: A incapacidade de respirar profundamente foi o ARE mais frequente no período pós-operatório imediato nos doentes obesos. A obesidade foi considerada um fator de risco independente para ocorrência de ARE na UPA. Os doentes obesos tiveram maior tempo de estadia na UPA mas não tiveram maior tempo de internamento hospitalar. Abstract: Introduction: Obesity has been associated with respiratory complications, and the majority of these complications occur in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome and incidence of adverse respiratory events (AREs in obese patients during their stay in the PACU Methods: We conducted a prospective control study that included 27 obese patients matched with an equal number of patients with body mass index (BMI < 30 (non-obese control group; the 2 groups of patients were similar in respect to gender distribution, age, and type of surgery and had been admitted into the PACU after elective surgery (May 2011. The AREs were identified during PACU stay. Descriptive analysis of variables was performed, and the Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test

Humidification of Blow-By Oxygen During Recovery of Postoperative Pediatric Patients: One Unit's Journey.

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Donahue, Suzanne; DiBlasi, Robert M; Thomas, Karen

2018-02-02

To examine the practice of nebulizer cool mist blow-by oxygen administered to spontaneously breathing postanesthesia care unit (PACU) pediatric patients during Phase one recovery. Existing evidence was evaluated. Informal benchmarking documented practices in peer organizations. An in vitro study was then conducted to simulate clinical practice and determine depth and amount of airway humidity delivery with blow-by oxygen. Informal benchmarking information was obtained by telephone interview. Using a three-dimensional printed simulation model of the head connected to a breathing lung simulator, depth and amount of moisture delivery in the respiratory tree were measured. Evidence specific to PACU administration of cool mist blow-by oxygen was limited. Informal benchmarking revealed that routine cool mist oxygenated blow-by administration was not widely practiced. The laboratory experiment revealed minimal moisture reaching the mid-tracheal area of the simulated airway model. Routine use of oxygenated cool mist in spontaneously breathing pediatric PACU patients is not supported. Copyright © 2017 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Variação da radiação solar no estado do Amapá: estudo de caso em Macapá, Pacuí, Serra do Navio e Oiapoque no período de 2006 a 2008 Variation of the solar radiation over the Amapa state: a case study on Macapa, Pacui, Serra do Navio and Oiapoque during the period from 2006 to 2008

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Derivan Dutra Marques

2012-07-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi estimar o potencial de energia solar a partir da variação da radiação solar global (RSG, no Estado do Amapá no período de 2006 a 2008. Foram utilizadas séries históricas temporais de RSG de quatro estações meteorológicas automáticas (PCD's distribuídas numa área central do Estado. Os resultados indicaram que a distribuição da RSG anual apresentou valor máximo da ordem de 4900 Wh.m-2.dia-1 sobre a estação de Macapá, devido a sua proximidade com a linha do equador. Em Serra do Navio, Pacuí e Oiapoque foram observados valores entre 4000, 4400 e 3800 Wh.m-2.dia-1, respectivamente. Conclui-se que as localidades estudadas do Amapá apresentam significativo potencial para aproveitamento fotovoltaico durante todo o ano. Este potencial sugere uma viabilidade estratégica de instalação de sistemas fotovoltaicos, tanto em sistemas urbanos consolidados quanto em comunidades remotas para geração de energia elétrica.The objective of this study was to estimate the potential of solar energy through the variation of the global solar radiation (GSR in the State of Amapá during two season's cycle (2006 to 2008. GSR historical time series were used from four collection data platforms (PCD's distributed in a central area of the state. The results indicated that the distribution of RSG showed annual peak of about 4900Wh.m-2.day-1 on the Macapá station, due to its proximity to the equator line. At Serra do Navio, Pacuí and Oiapoque cities the values observed were 4000, 4400 and 3800Wh.m-2.day-1, respectively. We conclude that the studied sites in Amapá State have significant potential for photovoltaic use during a complete annual cycle. The potential for generating electricity proved to be attractive, both for use in traditional urban systems and in isolated systems in remote communities.

Adverse respiratory events in a post-anesthesia care unit.

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Xará, Daniela; Santos, Alice; Abelha, Fernando

2015-02-01

Adverse respiratory events (ARE) are a leading causes of postoperative morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the incidence and determinants of postoperative ARE. This observational prospective study was conducted in a post anesthesia care unit (PACU). A total of 340 adult subjects were admitted consecutively, and AREs were measured after elective surgery. Population demographics, perioperative parameters, ARE occurrence, and length of stay in the postoperative PACU and in hospital were recorded. Data were analyzed descriptively using the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Multivariate analyses were carried outusing logistic binary regression, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Postoperative AREs occurred in 67 subjects (19.7%). AREs were more frequent after high-risk procedures (42% vs 24%; P=.003), in patients undergoing major surgery (37% vs 25%; P=.041), those receiving general anesthesia (85% vs 67%; P=.004), and in patients administered intraoperative muscle relaxants (79% vs 55%; P<.001) and neostigmine (69% vs 49%; P=.002). Hypoactive emergence (13% vs 5%; P=.015) and residual neuromuscular blockade (46% versus 11%; P<.001) were more frequent in subjects with postoperative ARE. On multivariate analyses, residual neuromuscular blockade was an independent risk factor for ARE in the PACU (OR 6.4; CI 3.0-13.4; P<.001). ARE is an important and common postoperative complication. Residual neuromuscular blockade was an independent risk factor for ARE in the PACU. Copyright © 2014 SEPAR. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Effects of jazz on postoperative pain and stress in patients undergoing elective hysterectomy.

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Rafer, Lorenzo; Austin, Flower; Frey, Jessica; Mulvey, Christie; Vaida, Sonia; Prozesky, Jansie

2015-01-01

Anesthesiologists use various medications to provide surgical patients with pain relief in the postoperative period. Other modalities, such as music, could be used in conjunction with opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to decrease pain and lower heart rate and blood pressure. Our hypothesis was that patients listening to jazz in a postanesthesia care unit (PACU) would have lower heart rates and blood pressures and reduced pain and anxiety. The study objective was to determine if listening to jazz music in the PACU, when compared to wearing noise-canceling headphones with no music playing, would decrease heart rate, blood pressure, pain, or anxiety in patients undergoing a hysterectomy. The research design was a prospective, randomized study. The study was conducted in the PACU at the Penn State Hershey Medical Center in Hershey, PA, USA. A total of 56 patients, aged 18-75 y, who were categorized as status 1 or 2 according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification System, and who were undergoing elective laparoscopic or abdominal hysterectomies, were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned either to listen to jazz music where the beats per min (BPM) was jazz group, heart rates were significantly lower at 15, 20, 25, and 30 min when compared with baseline. The pain scores were significantly lower (P jazz group at 10 min into the recovery period. Overall, the results showed that patients responded not only to music but also to silence in the PACU. Using music and/or noise reduction could decrease opioid administration, promote relaxation, and improve patient satisfaction.

Gut transport characteristics in herbivorous and carnivorous serrasalmid fish from ion-poor Rio Negro water.

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Pelster, Bernd; Wood, Chris M; Speers-Roesch, Ben; Driedzic, William R; Almeida-Val, Vera; Val, Adalberto

2015-02-01

Three closely related characids, Tambaqui (omnivore), black Piranha (carnivore), and Pacu (herbivore), all Serrasalmidae, inhabit the ion-poor, acidic Rio Negro. We compared O2-consumption and N excretion rates in vivo, and sodium, chloride, glucose, and ammonia transport characteristics of gut sac preparations in vitro. The Pacu had a significantly higher weight-specific oxygen consumption, and a lower N/Q ratio than the omnivorous Tambaqui, and a significantly lower urea-N excretion rate than the carnivorous black Piranha, suggesting N-limitation in the herbivorous Pacu. With a value of 2.62 ± 0.15, gut to fork length ratio in the Pacu was about 2.5 times higher than in the black Piranha, and 2.0 times higher than in the Tambaqui. Anterior intestinal activities of three enzymes involved in N-fixation for amino acid synthesis (glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transferase, and glutamate-pyruvate transferase) were generally greatest in the carnivore and lowest in the herbivore species. In all three species, sodium, chloride, glucose, and ammonia were taken up at high rates from the intestine, resulting in an isosmotic fluid flux. Comparing the area-specific fluid flux of the anterior, mid, and posterior gut sections, no difference was detected between the three sections of the Pacu, while in the Tambaqui, it was highest in the anterior section, and in the black Piranha highest in the middle section. Overall, the area-specific uptake rates for sodium, chloride, glucose, and ammonia of anterior, mid, and posterior sections were similar in all three species, indicating that there is no difference in the area-specific transport rates associated with trophic position. The net ammonia uptake flux from gut interior was not significantly different from the net ammonia efflux to the serosal fluid, so that the ammonia removed from the intestine by the mucosal epithelium was quantitatively transferred through the tissue to the serosal side in all three

Determinants of postoperative acute kidney injury.

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Abelha, Fernando José; Botelho, Miguela; Fernandes, Vera; Barros, Henrique

2009-01-01

Development of acute kidney injury (AKI) during the perioperative period is associated with increases in morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to evaluate the incidence and determinants of postoperative AKI after major noncardiac surgery in patients with previously normal renal function. This retrospective cohort study was carried out in the multidisciplinary Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU) with five intensive care beds. The study population consisted of 1166 patients with no previous renal insufficiency who were admitted to these intensive care unit (ICU) beds over 2 years. After admission patients were followed for the development of AKI, defined as proposed by The Acute Kidney Injury Network (increment of serum creatinine [greater than or equal to] 0.3 mg/dL or 50% from baseline within 48 hours or urine output 6 hours despite fluid resuscitation when applicable). Patient preoperative characteristics, intraoperative management and outcome were evaluated for associations with acute kidney injury using an univariate and multiple logistic regression model. A total of 1597 patients were admitted to the PACU and of these, 1166 met the inclusion criteria. Eighty-seven patients (7.5%) met AKI criteria. Univariate analysis identified age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, emergency surgery, high risk surgery, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart disease and Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) score as independent preoperative determinants for AKI in the postoperative period. Multivariate analysis identified ASA physical status, RCRI score, high risk surgery and congestive heart disease as preoperative determinants for AKI in the postoperative period. Patients that developed AKI had higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, higher PACU length of stay (LOS), higher PACU mortality, higher hospital mortality and higher mortality at 6 months follow-up. AKI was an independent

Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine-ketamine and sevoflurane-sufentanil anesthesia in children with obstructive sleep apnea after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty: An observational study

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Xinqi Cheng

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA are particularly at risk under anesthesia after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP. This prospective randomized double-blind study focused on the comparison of dexmedetomidine-ketamine and sevoflurane-sufentanil anesthesia on children with respect to safety, feasibility, and clinical effects. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 children, aged 2-10 years, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA status I and II scheduled for UPPP were prospectively studied. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either dexmedetomidine-ketamine-based anesthesia (group DK, n = 30 or sevoflurane-sufentanil-based anesthesia (group SS, n = 3 0. Heart rate (HR and systolic blood pressure during the first 60 min of the procedure, Ramsay sedation score, the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED scale and a 5-point scale used to evaluate emergence agitation (EA in postanesthesia care unit (PACU and postoperative outcomes data were recorded. Results: During the first 60 min of anesthesia, mean HR, and mean diastolic noninvasive arterial blood pressure (NIBP were not statistically different in the two groups (P > 0.05 Compared with group SS, the patients in group DK had lower rescue tramadol requirement and lower pain score, PAED score, and EA score at 5, 10, 15, and 30 min in PACU; but had a higher Ramsay scale at 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min in PACU and the incidence of SpO 2 below 95%, also the time of first bowel movement and ambulation in group DK was shorter. Conclusions: The dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination was not superior to a sevoflurane-sufentanil combination because of late awake time and a high potential for adverse respiratory events in PACU, the benefit of dexmedetomidine administration being a decreased incidence of EA and a lower recovery time of bowel movement and ambulation.

Outcome and quality of life of patients with acute kidney injury after major surgery.

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Abelha, F J; Botelho, M; Fernandes, V; Barros, H

2009-01-01

In postoperative critically-ill patients who develop Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) it is important to focus on survival and quality of life beyond hospital discharge. The aim of the study was to evaluate outcome and quality of life in patients that develop AKI after major surgery. This retrospective study was carried out in a Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit with five intensive care beds during 2 years. Patients were followed for the development of AKI. Preoperative characteristics, intra-operative management and outcome were evaluated. Six months after discharge, these patients were contacted to complete a Short Form-36 questionnaire (SF-36) and to have their dependency in ADL evaluated. Chi-square or Fischer's exact test were used to compare proportions between groups. A "t test" and a paired "t test" for independent groups was used for comparisons. Of 1584 patients admitted to the PACU, 1200 patients met the inclusion criteria. One hundred-fourteen patients (9.6%) met AKI criteria. Patients with AKI were more severely ill, stayed longer at the PACU. Among 71 hospital survivors at 6 months follow-up, 50 completed the questionnaires. Fifty-two percent of patients reported that their general level of health was better on the day they answered the questionnaire than 12 months earlier. Patients that met AKI criteria after surgery had worse SF-36 scores for physical function, role physical and role emotional domains. Six months after PACU discharge, patients that met AKI criteria were more dependent in I-ADL but not in P-ADL. Patients that develop AKI improved self-perception of quality of life despite having high rate of dependency in ADL tasks. For physical function and role physical domains they had worse scores than PACU patients that did not develop AKI.

Postanesthesia emergence in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

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Umholtz, Matthew; Cilnyk, John; Wang, Christopher K; Porhomayon, Jahan; Pourafkari, Leili; Nader, Nader D

2016-11-01

Recovery from anesthesia may be complicated with development of severe panic symptoms and anxiety. Preexisting anxiety disorder has been reported as a risk factor for development of these symptoms. We aimed to examine the frequency of emergence delirium (EDL) among veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSDs). Retrospective cohort. Postoperative recovery area. Perioperative information of 1763 consecutive patients who underwent a surgical procedure requiring general anesthesia were collected. The patients were grouped on the basis of previous diagnosis of PTSD. A total of 317 patients were identified with a positive history of PTSD and were compared to 1446 patients without such a history for the occurrence of EDL in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) as the primary endpoint. Duration of stay in PACU in minutes and the frequency of hospital admission were the secondary endpoints. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of EDL among the veteran population. Emergence delirium was reported in 37 cases (2.1%) after general anesthesia. Fifteen (4.7%) of 317 patients with PTSD and 22 (1.5%) of 1446 patients without history of PTSD demonstrated symptoms related to EDL in the PACU (P=.002). After propensity matching, there were 8 patients with EDL in the PTSD group whereas there were only 2 patients with EDL among controls. Posttraumatic stress disorder was also an independent predictor of EDL in multivariate analysis with an odds ratio of 6.66 and a 95% confidence interval of 2.04 to 21.72 (P=.002). Posttraumatic stress disorder independently predicted the frequency of EDL even after correcting for preexisting depression and anxiety disorders. A relatively longer duration of PACU stay in PTSD patients may reflect raised awareness of the health care workers about this debilitating mental disorder. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Managing Postoperative Analgesic Failure: Tramadol Versus Morphine for Refractory Pain in the Post-Operative Recovery Unit.

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Byrne, Kelly; Nolan, Aoife; Barnard, John; Tozer, Megan; Harris, David; Sleigh, Jamie

2017-02-01

This study aimed to discover whether co-analgesia with tramadol or additional morphine was more effective for patients who still had severe pain despite being given 10 mg intravenous morphine in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). All eligible patients were consented and recruited to the trial pre-operatively, but only a small subgroup – whose pain was not successfully controlled (pain score 6/10 or more) after receiving 10 mg of morphine in the PACU—were then randomized to enter the trial and receive, in a double blinded fashion, the analgesic study drug; which consisted of either a further 10 mg of morphine, or 100 mg of tramadol, titrated intravenously to control their pain. The groups were compared as to: the time to readiness for discharge, the patient’s pain scores over time, and the presence of side effects. There was no statistically significant difference in any of the outcomes measured. The time to readiness for discharge from PACU was 119 minutes in the morphine group and 120 minutes in the tramadol group. However in approximately half the cases who entered the trial (i.e., where pain had not been controlled with the pre-enrollment baseline 10 mg of morphine in PACU) neither a further 10 mg of morphine nor 100 mg of tramadol effectively relieved the patient’s pain. We found no difference between additional morphine and co-analgesia with tramadol in this study. Patients who don’t respond to reasonable doses of opioids in PACU are very likely to be unresponsive to further opioids, and other non-opioid analgesic techniques (such as regional anesthesia) should be considered early in this group of patients.

Comparison of immediate postoperative pain after transvaginal versus traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

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Wood, Stephanie G; Dabu-Bondoc, Susan; Dai, Feng; Mikhael, Hosni; Vadivelu, Nalini; Roberts, Kurt E

2014-04-01

Transvaginal cholecystectomy (TVC) is the most common natural orifice transluminal surgery (NOTES) performed in women, yet there is a paucity of data on intraoperative and immediate postoperative pain management. Previous studies have demonstrated that NOTES procedures are associated with less postoperative pain and faster recovery times. This study analyzes intraoperative and postoperative opioid use for TVC compared with traditional four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LCs). This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive TVC and LC female patients between August 2009 and August 2012 in an academic institution. We compared demographics, intraoperative and postoperative opioid use and times in the operating room (OR) and in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU). A total of 68 TVC and 67 LC patients were included in this study. The TVC and LC groups were similar in terms of age (both 41 years) and body mass index (29 and 31 kg/m2, respectively). The intraoperative preparation, surgical, and emergence times were significantly longer for the TVC than for the LC (p ≤ 0.01). Compared with the LC group, the intraoperative opioid requirement was significantly greater (TVC 27 mg vs. LC 25 mg; p = 0.003), but after adjusting for anesthesia time, the difference in OR opioid consumption became non-significant (p = 0.08). The PACU opioid requirement (TVC 2.5 vs. LC 5 mg; p = 0.04) was significantly lower for the TVC group, and a greater proportion of patients did not need any pain medications (TVC 38 % vs. LC 21 %; p = 0.04), compared with the LC group. The average PACU pain scores were not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.45). TVC patients did not experience more pain than LC patients. Although the average pain scores of TVC patients did not differ from those of the LC patients, TVC patients did require less pain medication in the PACU.

Patients with a high risk for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: postoperative respiratory complications.

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Pereira, H; Xará, D; Mendonça, J; Santos, A; Abelha, F J

2013-01-01

STOP-BANG score (snore; tired; observed apnea; arterial pressure; body mass index; age; neck circumference and gender) can predict the risk of a patient having Obstructive Syndrome Apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence STOP-BANG score≥3, in surgical patients admitted to the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). Observational, prospective study conducted in a post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) during three weeks (2011). The study population consisted of adult patients after noncardiac and non-neurological surgery. Patients were classified as high risk of OSA (HR-OSA) if STOP-BANG score≥3 and Low-risk of OSA (LR-OSA) if STOP-BANG score<3 (LR-OSA). Patient demographics, intraoperative and postoperative data were collected. Patient characteristics were compared using Mann-Whitney U-test, t-test for independent groups, and chi-square or Fisher's exact test. A total of 357 patients were admitted to PACU; 340 met the inclusion criteria. 179 (52%) were considered HR-OSA. These patients were older, more likely to be masculine, had higher BMI, higher ASA physical status, higher incidence of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, dyslipidemia and underwent more frequently insulin treatment for diabetes. These patients had more frequently mild/moderated hypoxia in the PACU (9% vs. 3%, p=0.012) and had a higher incidence of residual neuromuscular blockade (NMB) (20% vs. 16%, p=0.035). Patients with HR-OSA had a longer hospital stay. Patients with HR-OSA had an important incidence among patients scheduled for surgery in our hospital. These patients had more co-morbidities and were more prone to post-operative complications. Copyright © 2012 Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Effects of sugammadex on incidence of postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade: a randomized, controlled study.

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Brueckmann, B; Sasaki, N; Grobara, P; Li, M K; Woo, T; de Bie, J; Maktabi, M; Lee, J; Kwo, J; Pino, R; Sabouri, A S; McGovern, F; Staehr-Rye, A K; Eikermann, M

2015-11-01

This study aimed to investigate whether reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex reduced the incidence of residual blockade and facilitated operating room discharge readiness. Adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery received rocuronium, followed by randomized allocation to sugammadex (2 or 4 mg kg(-1)) or usual care (neostigmine/glycopyrrolate, dosing per usual care practice) for reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Timing of reversal agent administration was based on the providers' clinical judgement. Primary endpoint was the presence of residual neuromuscular blockade at PACU admission, defined as a train-of-four (TOF) ratio sugammadex patients and 33 out of 76 (43.4%) usual care patients had TOF-Watch SX-assessed residual neuromuscular blockade at PACU admission (odds ratio 0.0, 95% CI [0-0.06], Psugammadex vs usual care (14.7 vs. 18.6 min respectively; P=0.02). After abdominal surgery, sugammadex reversal eliminated residual neuromuscular blockade in the PACU, and shortened the time from start of study medication administration to the time the patient was ready for discharge from the operating room. Clinicaltrials.gov:NCT01479764. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Journal of Anaesthesia. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Effects of sugammadex on incidence of postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade

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Brueckmann, B; Sasaki, N; Grobara, P

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate whether reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex reduced the incidence of residual blockade and facilitated operating room discharge readiness. METHODS: Adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery received rocuronium, followed...... by randomized allocation to sugammadex (2 or 4 mg kg(-1)) or usual care (neostigmine/glycopyrrolate, dosing per usual care practice) for reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Timing of reversal agent administration was based on the providers' clinical judgement. Primary endpoint was the presence of residual...... measured at PACU entry. Zero out of 74 sugammadex patients and 33 out of 76 (43.4%) usual care patients had TOF-Watch® SX-assessed residual neuromuscular blockade at PACU admission (odds ratio 0.0, 95% CI [0-0.06], P

Amélioration de la gouvernance du secteur piscicole dans le bassin ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

depuis l'introduction du paiche (Arapaima gigas). La deuxième se trouvait dans le sud-est du bassin, où l'on fait l'élevage d'espèces indigènes comme le tambaqui. (Piaractus brachypomus). Premières incidences. Émergence de leaders locaux par recherche-action. L'un des principaux résultats fut de réunir les pêcheurs.

The Effect of Sufentanil Administration on Remifentanil-Based Anaesthesia during Laparoscopic Gynaecological Surgery: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

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Ilsoon Son

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This study assessed the effect of sufentanil administered before conclusion of remifentanil-based anaesthesia on postoperative hyperalgesia and haemodynamic stability in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological surgery. The patients were randomly allocated to a sufentanil administration group (S group or a normal saline administration group (C group. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with controlled administration of remifentanil at 10 ng·mL−1 and propofol under bispectral index guidance. Once the surgical specimen was procured, sufentanil or normal saline was administered at 0.15 ng·mL−1 and maintained until extubation. The haemodynamic status during anaesthetic emergence was evaluated. The pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV were assessed for 72 h following postanaesthetic care unit (PACU discharge. The S group had significantly lower mean systemic arterial blood pressure and heart rate changes between the start of drug administration and extubation. Postoperative pain was significantly lower in the S group until 24 h following PACU discharge. There were no significant differences in PONV incidence and severity 72 h after PACU discharge between the two groups. Sufentanil administration before concluding remifentanil-based anaesthesia improved postoperative hyperalgesia and achieved haemodynamic stability at extubation without delaying recovery or increasing PONV during laparoscopic gynaecological surgery. Clinical trial registration is found at KCT0000785.

Assessment of post-operative pain in children: who knows best?

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Anjalee Brahmbhatt

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Pain assessment in children can be extremely challenging. Most professional bodies recommend that parents or carers should be involved with their child’s pain assessment; but the evidence that parents can accurately report pain on behalf of their children is mixed. Our objective was to examine whether there were differences in post-operative pain score ratings between the child, nurse and parent or carer after surgery. Cognitively intact children aged four upwards, undergoing all surgical procedures, whose parents were present in the post-anaesthetic recovery unit (PACU, were studied. Thirty-three children were included in the study. The numerical rating scale was used to rate the child’s pain by the child, nurse and parent on arrival to the PACU and prior to discharge. We found strong correlations between children’s, nurses’ and parent’s pain scores on admission and discharge from PACU. The intraclass correlation of pain scores reported by children, nurses and parents was 0.94 (95% confidence intervals 0.91-0.96, P<0.0001. In cognitively intact children, it is adequate to manage pain based upon the assessment of children’s and nurses’ pain scores alone. The numerical rating scale appeared to be suitable for younger children. Whilst there are benefits of parents being present in recovery, it is not essential for optimizing the assessment of pain.

Prediction of emergence agitation using withdrawal reaction following rocuronium injection in preschool-aged patients undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy: a preliminary exploratory observational trial.

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Kim, Dae Hee; Roh, Go Un; Lee, Young Bok; Choi, Chang Ik; Lee, Jae Moon; Chae, Yun Jeong

2018-01-01

The development of emergence agitation (EA) is associated with several factors including age, preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain, anesthesia method, and surgery type. No studies have investigated whether the withdrawal reaction following rocuronium injection can predict the occurrence of EA. Therefore, we investigated this relationship in preschool-aged children undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy, and which grade of withdrawal reaction is appropriate for identifying patients at risk of experiencing EA. A total of 40 patients were enrolled in this study. During anesthesia induction, the withdrawal reaction after loss of consciousness following rocuronium injection was assessed using a 4-point scale. After surgery, EA was assessed using the Watcha scale. There was a correlation between withdrawal reaction and EA on admission to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Patients with a severe withdrawal reaction (grade 3) showed a significantly higher incidence of severe EA requiring medication on admission to the PACU. The findings of this preliminary exploratory observational study suggest that it is possible for withdrawal movement following rocuronium injection during anesthesia induction to reflect pain sensitivity of pediatric patients, which in turn may be useful in identifying those at risk of severe EA on admission to the PACU among preschool children undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy. Further studies with a larger sample size are required to validate these findings. The exact correlation between pain reaction following rocuronium injection and postoperative pain or pain-related phenomenon should be elucidated.

Pre- or postoperative interscalene block and/or general anesthesia for arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a retrospective observational study.

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Bosco, Laura; Zhou, Cheng; Murdoch, John A C; Bicknell, Ryan; Hopman, Wilma M; Phelan, Rachel; Shyam, Vidur

2017-10-01

Arthroscopic shoulder surgery can be performed with an interscalene brachial plexus block (ISBPB) alone, ISBPB combined with general anesthesia (GA), or GA alone. Postoperative pain is typically managed with opioids; however, both GA and opioids have adverse effects which can delay discharge. This retrospective study compares the efficacy of four methods of anesthesia management for arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Charts of all patients who underwent shoulder surgery by a single surgeon from 2012-2015 were categorized by analgesic regimen: GA only (n = 177), single-shot ISBPB only (n = 124), or pre- vs postoperative ISBPB combined with GA (ISBPB + GA [n = 72] vs GA + ISBPB [n = 52], respectively). The primary outcome measure was the time to discharge from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Mean (SD) time in the PACU ranged from 70.5 (39.9) min for ISBPB only to 111.2 (56.9) min for GA only. Use of ISBPB in any combination and regardless of timing resulted in significantly reduced PACU time, with a mean drop of 27.2 min (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.3 to 37.2; P shoulder surgery are confirmed. Postoperative ISBPBs may also be beneficial for reducing pain and opioid requirements and could be targeted for patients in severe pain upon emergence. A sufficiently powered randomized-controlled trial could determine the relative efficacy, safety, and associated financial implications associated with each method.

Risk of postoperative hypoxemia in ambulatory orthopedic surgery patients with diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective observational study

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Ma Yan

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background It is unclear when it is safe to discharge patients with a diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA after ambulatory surgical procedures due to concern for postoperative respiratory compromise and hypoxemia. Our OSA patients undergoing ambulatory-type orthopedic procedures are monitored overnight in the PACU, thus we reviewed patient records to determine incidence of complications. Methods Two hundred and six charts of patients with preoperative diagnosis of OSA based on ICD-9 codes were reviewed for outcomes including episodes of hypoxemia. Univariate analysis followed by logistic regression and propensity analysis was performed to determine independent risk factors for hypoxemia and association with adverse outcomes. Results The majority of patients had regional anesthesia (95%. Thirty four percent of patients had hypoxemia in the PACU. Initial risk factors for hypoxemia identified by univariate analysis were BMI ≥ 35, increased age, history of COPD, upper extremity procedure, and use of peripheral nerve block. Independent risk factors identified by logistic regression were history of COPD (OR 3.64 with 95% CI 1.03-12.88 and upper extremity procedure (2.53, 1.36-4.68. After adjustment with propensity scores, adverse events were rare, and unplanned hospital admission after PACU stay was not increased with hypoxemia (11% vs 16% Conclusions Episodes of postoperative hypoxemia in OSA patients undergoing ambulatory surgery with regional anesthesia are not associated with increased adverse outcomes or unplanned hospital admission.

Post-anaesthetic emergence delirium in adults

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Munk, L; Andersen, G; Møller, A M

2016-01-01

BACKGROUND: Emergence delirium (ED) after general anaesthesia (GA) is a well-known phenomenon, yet the risk factors are still unclear. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence and independent predictors of ED and secondly to determine to which degree ED has any relevant, clinical...... consequences to medical staff as well as to patients. METHOD: This prospective, observational cohort study assessed adult patients emerging from GA in the operating room, using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS). Signs of ED, defined as RASS≥1 along with possible clinical consequences were noted....... Patients with ED were re-evaluated in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) and concomitant patient and anaesthesia related factors were noted. RESULTS: Among the 1970 patients enrolled, 73 (3.7%) showed signs of ED when emerging from anaesthesia. When reassessed in PACU, the number had declined to 25...

Congestive heart failure as a determinant of postoperative delirium.

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Parente, Daniela; Luís, Clara; Veiga, Dalila; Silva, Hugo; Abelha, Fernando

2013-09-01

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a frequent post-surgical complication that is associated with increased mortality and poor patient outcomes. POD is a complex disorder with multiple risk factors such as pre-existing patient comorbidities and perioperative complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of POD and to identify risk factors for the development of POD in a post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). We enrolled 97 adult patients admitted to a PACU over a five-day period (start date September 6, 2010). Patient demographics and intraoperative and postoperative data were collected. Patients were followed for the development of delirium using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist. Descriptive analyses of variables were used to summarize data, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables; the chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used for comparisons. Univariate analysis was performed using simple binary logistic regression with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The significance level for multiple comparisons was controlled by applying the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons and variables were deemed significant if p≤0.0025. Six percent of patients developed POD. These patients were older and more likely to have higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status (83 vs. 22% with ASA III/IV, p=0.004) as well as a higher frequency of congestive heart failure (50 vs. 3%, p=0.003) and a higher Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) score (33 vs. 6% with RCRI ≥2, p=0.039). The duration of anesthesia for patients with POD was also longer and they received a greater volume of crystalloids, colloids, and erythrocytes during surgery. Congestive heart disease was an independent risk factor for POD (OR 29.3, 95% CI 4.1-210.6; p<0.001). In addition, patients who developed POD had higher in-hospital mortality and longer PACU and hospital stays. Patients who developed POD had longer

Practice and bias in intraoperative pain management: results of a cross-sectional patient study and a survey of anesthesiologists

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Ward S

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Stephen Ward,1 Charlotte Guest,2 Ian Goodall,2 Carsten Bantel3,4 1Pain Service, Barts Health, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK; 2Pain Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; 3Section of Anaesthetics, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; 4Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Management, Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany Background: Perioperative pain carries a considerable risk of becoming persistent; hence aggressive preventive approaches are advocated. Persistently high prevalence of postoperative pain, however, suggests anesthesiologists underuse these strategies. A prospective cross-sectional study of patients in the postanesthetic care unit (PACU and a survey of anesthesiologists were thus conducted to evaluate practice and uncover bias in intraoperative pain management. Methods: Notes of PACU patients were reviewed and information regarding surgical context, comorbidities, and analgesic administration was retrieved. Variables were analyzed for their predictive properties on pain and intraoperative analgesic management. Furthermore, clinical dose–effect estimates for intraoperative morphine were determined. Finally, anesthesiologists completed a questionnaire comprising statements regarding pain relating to surgical context and morphine administration. Results: Data of 200 patients and 55 anesthesiologists were analyzed. Prevalence of pain in PACU was 28% and was predicted by local anesthetic (LA and low-dose morphine administration. Additionally, when LA was used, little coanalgesics were employed. These results suggest a restrained approach by anesthesiologists toward intraoperative pain management. It is supported by their reluctance to administer more than 10 mg morphine, despite these individuals regarding this practice as insufficient. The hesitancy toward morphine also transpired

Recovery at the post anaesthetic care unit after breast cancer surgery

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Gärtner, Rune; Callesen, Torben; Kroman, Niels Thorndahl

2010-01-01

Extant literature shows that women having undergone breast cancer surgery have substantial problems at the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU). Based on nursing reports and elements of the discharge scoring system recommended by The Danish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine...

The effect of passive exposure to tobacco smoke on perioperative respiratory complications and the duration of recovery.

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Simsek, Esen; Karaman, Yucel; Gonullu, Mustafa; Tekgul, Zeki; Cakmak, Meltem

2016-01-01

The incidence of perioperative respiratory complications and postoperative care unit recovery time investigated in patients with passive tobacco smoke exposure according to the degree of exposure. Total 270 patients ranging in age from 18 to 60 years with the ASA physical status I or II exposed and not exposed to passive tobacco smoke received general anesthesia for various elective surgical operations evaluated for the study. Patients divided into two groups as exposed and non-exposed to passive tobacco smoke, those exposed to passive smoke are also divided into two groups according to the degree of exposure. Patients taken to the postoperative care unit (PACU) at the end of the operation and monitorized until Modified Aldrete's Scores became 9 and more. Respiratory complications evaluated and recorded in intraoperative and postoperative period. A total of 251 patients were enrolled; 63 (25.1%) patients had airway complications, 11 (4.4%) had complications intraoperatively and 52 (20.7%) patients had complications postoperatively. There has been found significant relation with passive tobacco smoke exposure and high incidences of perioperative and postoperative respiratory complications. The risk of cough, desaturation and hypersecretion complications were found to be increased depending on the degree of exposure. There was significant relation between the degree of passive smoke exposure and the duration of PACU stay. Passive tobacco smoke exposed general anesthesia receiving patients also regarding to the degree of exposure having high rates of perioperative respiratory complications and prolongation of PACU stays when compared with unexposed patients. Copyright © 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

[The effect of passive exposure to tobacco smoke on perioperative respiratory complications and the duration of recovery].

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Simsek, Esen; Karaman, Yucel; Gonullu, Mustafa; Tekgul, Zeki; Cakmak, Meltem

2016-01-01

The incidence of perioperative respiratory complications and postoperative care unit recovery time investigated in patients with passive tobacco smoke exposure according to the degree of exposure. Total 270 patients ranging in age from 18 to 60 years with the ASA physical status I or II exposed and not exposed to passive tobacco smoke received general anesthesia for various elective surgical operations evaluated for the study. Patients divided into two groups as exposed and non-exposed to passive tobacco smoke, those exposed to passive smoke are also divided into two groups according to the degree of exposure. Patients taken to the postoperative care unit (PACU) at the end of the operation and monitorized until Modified Aldrete's Scores became 9 and more. Respiratory complications evaluated and recorded in intraoperative and postoperative period. A total of 251 patients were enrolled; 63 (25.1%) patients had airway complications, 11 (4.4%) had complications intraoperatively and 52 (20.7%) patients had complications postoperatively. There has been found significant relation with passive tobacco smoke exposure and high incidences of perioperative and postoperative respiratory complications. The risk of cough, desaturation and hypersecretion complications were found to be increased depending on the degree of exposure. There was significant relation between the degree of passive smoke exposure and the duration of PACU stay. Passive tobacco smoke exposed general anesthesia receiving patients also regarding to the degree of exposure having high rates of perioperative respiratory complications and prolongation of PACU stays when compared with unexposed patients. Copyright © 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting: Validation of the Portuguese version of the Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Intensity Score.

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Dalila, Veiga; Pereira, Helder; Moreno, Carlos; Martinho, Clarisse; Santos, Cristina; Abelha, Fernando José

2013-01-01

The Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Intensity Scale was developed to define clinically important PONV. The aim of this study was to translate, retranslate and validate the PONV Intensity Scale for use in Portuguese Post Anesthetic Care Unit (PACU) settings. The PONV Intensity Scale was translated and back-translated in accordance with available guidelines. The research team conducted an observational and cohort prospective study in a PACU. One-hundred fifty-seven adult patients admiited after surgery over three weeks were evaluated for PONV. Measurements included nausea visual analogic scale (VAS) at 6 and 24 hours, postoperatively. We assessed reliability and observer disagreement using interclass correlation (ICC) and Information-Based Measure of Disagreement (IBMD). We compared VAS scores between patients with clinically significant (≥50) and not significant (<50) PONV. Thirty-nine patients (25%) had PONV at 6 hours and 54 (34%) had PONV at 24 hours. Thirty-six and 54 patients experienced nausea at 6 and 24 hours, respectively. Among patients with PONV, 6 patients (15%) and 9 patients (27%) had a clinically significant PONV intensity scale score at 6 and at 24 hours, respectively. The reliability was good both for PONV intensity scale score and for VAS and observer disagreement was slightly higher for VAS. The median nausea VAS scores were higher in patients with clinically significant PONV Intensity score. The PONV Intensity Scale appears to be an accurate and reliable assessment and monitoring instrument for PONV in the PACU settings. Copyright © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Segmental thoracic spinal has advantages over general anesthesia for breast cancer surgery.

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Elakany, Mohamed Hamdy; Abdelhamid, Sherif Ahmed

2013-01-01

Thoracic spinal anesthesia has been used for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and abdominal surgeries, but not in breast surgery. The present study compared this technique with general anesthesia in breast cancer surgeries. Forty patients were enrolled in this comparative study with inclusion criteria of ASA physical status I-III, primary breast cancer without known extension beyond the breast and axillary nodes, scheduled for unilateral mastectomy with axillary dissection. They were randomly divided into two groups. The thoracic spinal group (S) (n = 20) underwent segmental thoracic spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl at T5-T6 interspace, while the other group (n = 20) underwent general anesthesia (G). Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, intraoperative complications, postoperative discharge time from post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), postoperative pain and analgesic consumption, postoperative adverse effects, and patient satisfaction with the anesthetic techniques were recorded. Intraoperative hypertension (20%) was more frequent in group (G), while hypotension and bradycardia (15%) were more frequent in the segmental thoracic spinal (S) group. Postoperative nausea (30%) and vomiting (40%) during PACU stay were more frequent in the (G) group. Postoperative discharge time from PACU was shorter in the (S) group (124 ± 38 min) than in the (G) group (212 ± 46 min). The quality of postoperative analgesia and analgesic consumption was better in the (S) group. Patient satisfaction was similar in both groups. Segmental thoracic spinal anesthesia has some advantages when compared with general anesthesia and can be considered as a sole anesthetic in breast cancer surgery with axillary lymph node clearance.

Interscalene brachial plexus block for outpatient shoulder arthroplasty: Postoperative analgesia, patient satisfaction and complications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shah Anand

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Shoulder arthroplasty procedures are seldom performed on an ambulatory basis. Our objective was to examine postoperative analgesia, nausea and vomiting, patient satisfaction and complications of ambulatory shoulder arthroplasty performed using interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB. Materials and Methods: We prospectively examined 82 consecutive patients undergoing total and hemi-shoulder arthroplasty under ISB. Eighty-nine per cent (n=73 of patients received a continuous ISB; 11% (n=9 received a single-injection ISB. The blocks were performed using a nerve stimulator technique. Thirty to 40 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine with 1:400,000 epinephrine was injected perineurally after appropriate muscle twitches were elicited at a current of less than 0.5% mA. Data were collected in the preoperative holding area, intraoperatively and postoperatively including the postanesthesia care unit (PACU, at 24h and at seven days. Results: Mean postoperative pain scores at rest were 0.8 ± 2.3 in PACU (with movement, 0.9 ± 2.5, 2.5 ± 3.1 at 24h and 2.8 ± 2.1 at seven days. Mean postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV scores were 0.2 ± 1.2 in the PACU and 0.4 ± 1.4 at 24h. Satisfaction scores were 4.8 ± 0.6 and 4.8 ± 0.7, respectively, at 24h and seven days. Minimal complications were noted postoperatively at 30 days. Conclusions: Regional anesthesia offers sufficient analgesia during the hospital stay for shoulder arthroplasty procedures while adhering to high patient comfort and satisfaction, with low complications.

Bioacumulacion y biomagnificacion de mercurio en diferentes poblaciones de peces de la Amazonía boliviana

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Lopez Siangas, E.I.

2005-01-01

La bioacumulación de mercurio respecto al tamaño, peso y edad, así como la influencia de aspectos biológicos como la alimentación, el crecimiento, la madurez sexual y el sexo, fueron determinadas en seis especies de peces piscívoros y no piscívoros de importancia regional: #Cichla monoculus# (Tucunaré), #Pygocentrus nattereri# (Piraña), #Psedoplatystoma fasciatum# (Surubí), #Plagioscion squamossisimus# (Corvina), #Colosoma macropomum# (Pacú) y #Piaractus brachypomus# (Tambaquí), en las cuenca...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

The Sheppard Oxygen Mask : efficient oxygen enrichment in the PACU : registrar communication. Abstract PDF · Vol 16, No 4 (2010) - Articles Entropy of the electroencephalogram as applied in the M-Entropy S/5TM Module (GE Healthcare) during increases in nitrous oxide and constant sevofl urane concentrations

Negative autobiographical memories in social anxiety disorder

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

OToole, Mia Skytte; Watson, Lynn Ann; Rosenberg, Nicole

2016-01-01

(SAD), compared to patients with panic disorder (PD), and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS: A total of 107 participants retrieved four memories cued by verbal phrases associated with either social anxiety (SA) or panic anxiety (PA), with two memories for each cue category. RESULTS: PA-cued memories were...

Intrathecal morphine is superior to intravenous PCA in patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery

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Chirojit Mukherjee

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Aim of our study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of low dose intrathecal morphine on postoperative analgesia, over the use of intravenous patient controlled anesthesia (PCA, in patients undergoing fast track anesthesia during minimally invasive cardiac surgical procedures. A randomized controlled trial was undertaken after approval from local ethical committee. Written informed consent was obtained from 61 patients receiving mitral or tricuspid or both surgical valve repair in minimal invasive technique. Patients were assigned randomly to 2 groups. Group 1 received general anesthesia and intravenous patient controlled analgesia (PCA pump with Piritramide (GA group. Group 2 received a single shot of intrathecal morphine (1.5 μg/kg body weight prior to the administration of general anesthesia (ITM group. Site of puncture was confined to lumbar (L1-2 or L2-3 intrathecal space. The amount of intravenous piritramide used in post anesthesia care unit (PACU and the first postoperative day was defined as primary end point. Secondary end points included: time for tracheal extubation, pain and sedation scores in PACU upto third postoperative day. For statistical analysis Mann-Whitney-U Test and Fishers exact test (SPSS were used. We found that the demand for intravenous opioids in PACU was significantly reduced in ITM group (P <0.001. Pain scores were significantly decreased in ITM group until second postoperative day (P <0.01. There was no time delay for tracheal extubation in ITM group, and sedation scores did not differ in either group. We conclude that low dose single shot intrathecal morphine provides adequate postoperative analgesia, reduces the intravenous opioid consumption during the early postoperative period and does not defer early extubation.

Evaluation of piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin as a preemptive analgesic in functional endoscopic sinus surgery

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G.T. Keleş

2010-08-01

Full Text Available The preemptive analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of preoperatively administered piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin for post-endoscopic sinus surgery pain was determined in a prospective, double-blind, randomized, clinical study. Seventy-five American Society of Anesthesiologists status I-II patients, aged 18-65 years, were divided into three groups with similar demographic characteristics: group 1 received 20 mg piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin, group 2 received 40 mg piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin and group 3 received placebo orally before induction of general anesthesia. A blinded observer recorded the incidence and severity of pain at admission to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU, at 15, 30, and 45 min in the PACU, and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h postoperatively. All patients received patient-controlled morphine analgesia during the postoperative period and consumption was recorded for 24 h. During the PACU period, mean visual analogue scale values were significantly lower in groups 1 and 2 compared to group 3 (P < 0.05. During the postoperative period, morphine consumption was 3.03 ± 2.54, 2.7 ± 2.8, and 5.56 ± 3.12 mg for each group, respectively (P < 0.05. As a side effect, bleeding was observed in groups 1 and 3, nausea and vomiting in all groups, and edema only in group 3. However, no significant differences were detected in any of the parameters analyzed, which also included epigastric pain, constipation/diarrhea and headache. Similar hematological test results were obtained for all groups. Preemptive administration of piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin effectively reduced analgesic consumption, and 40 mg of the drug was more effective than 20 mg piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin without side effects during the postoperative period.

Quality of life after carotid endarterectomy

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Barros Henrique

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Most studies documenting beneficial outcomes after carotid endarterectomy (CE are limited to mortality and morbidity rates, costs, and length of hospital stay (LOS. Few have examined the dependency of patients and how they perceive their own health changes after surgery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate quality of life and independence in activities of daily living (ADL and to study its determinants. Methods Sixty-three patients admitted in the Post Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU after CE were eligible for this 14-month follow-up study. Patients were contacted 6 months after discharge to complete a Short Form-36 questionnaire (SF-36 and to have their dependency in ADL evaluated. Results Among 59 hospital survivors at 6 months follow-up, 43 completed the questionnaires. Sixty-three percent reported that their general level of health was better on the day they answered the questionnaire than 12 months earlier. Patients had worse SF-36 scores for all domains except bodily pain than a general urban population, and comparison with a group of patients 6 months after surgical ICU discharge showed no differences. Six months after PACU discharge, the Lawton Instrumental Activities of ADL Scale and the Katz Index of ADL demonstrated higher dependency scores (5.9 ± 2.2 versus 4.3 ± 2.4 and 0.3 ± 0.8 versus 0.6 ± 0.9, p Conclusion Patients undergoing CE have improved self-perception of quality of life despite being more dependent. Almost all their scores are worse than those in an urban population. We could identify no predictors of greater dependency in ADL tasks six months after PACU discharge.

Incidence and risk factors for surgically acquired pressure ulcers: a prospective cohort study investigators.

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Webster, Joan; Lister, Carolyn; Corry, Jean; Holland, Michelle; Coleman, Kerrie; Marquart, Louise

2015-01-01

To assess the incidence of hospital-acquired, surgery-related pressure injury (ulcers) and identify risk factors for these injuries. We used a prospective cohort study to investigate the research question. The study was conducted at a major metropolitan hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Five hundred thirty-four adult patients booked for any surgical procedure expected to last more than 30 minutes were eligible for inclusion. Patients who provided informed consent for study participation were assessed for pressure ulcers, using the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Guidelines, before entering the operating room and again in the post-anesthetic care unit (PACU). Research nurses and all PACU nurses were trained in skin assessment and in pressure ulcer staging. Patients were not assessed again after their discharge from the PACU. Seven patients (1.3%) had existing pressure injuries (ulcers) and a further 6 (1.3%) developed a surgery-related pressure ulcer. Risk factors associated with surgery-related pressure injuries were similar to non-surgically related risks and included older age, skin condition, and being admitted from a location other than one's own home. Length of surgery was not associated with pressure ulcer development in this cohort. Perioperative nurses play an important role in identifying existing or new pressure injuries. However, many of these nurses are unfamiliar with pressure ulcer classification, so education in this area is essential. Although the incidence of surgically acquired pressure ulcers was low in this cohort, careful skin inspection before and after surgery provides an opportunity for early treatment and may prevent existing lesions progressing to higher stages.

Phrenic palsy and analgesic quality of continuous supraclavicular vs. interscalene plexus blocks after shoulder surgery.

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Wiesmann, T; Feldmann, C; Müller, H H; Nentwig, L; Beermann, A; El-Zayat, B F; Zoremba, M; Wulf, H; Steinfeldt, T

2016-09-01

Hemidiaphragmatic palsy is a common consequence of the interscalene brachial plexus block. It occurs less commonly with the supraclavicular approach. Register data suggest that the analgesic quality of a supraclavicular blockade is sufficient for arthroscopic shoulder surgery, although data on the post-operative analgesic effect are lacking. After approval by the ethics committee, patients having arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anaesthesia were randomized to receive a continuous interscalene or supraclavicular blockade. Phrenic nerve function was evaluated through ultrasound examination of the diaphragm in combination with spirometry. Pain scores at rest and activity etc. were determined before catheter insertion, during observation in the post- anaesthesia care unit (PACU) and on post-operative day 1 (POD1). The initial application of 10 ml of ropivacaine 0.2% was followed by continuous application of 4 ml of ropivacaine 0.2%, plus a patient controlled analgesia (PCA) bolus of 4 ml/h. One hundred and twenty patients were randomized, of which 114 data sets were analysed. Complete hemidiaphragmatic paresis occurred in 43% of the interscalene group vs. 24% in the supraclavicular group during PACU stay. Rates of dyspnoea and hoarseness were similar. Horner's syndrome occurred in 21% of the interscalene but only 3% of the supraclavicular group on POD1. Pain scores were comparable for pain at rest and during stress at each time point. This trial showed a significantly greater incidence of phrenic nerve palsy of the interscalene group in PACU, but not on POD1. Post-operative analgesic quality was similar in both groups. Continuous supraclavicular blockade is a suitable alternative to the continuous interscalene technique. © 2016 The Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on preventing postoperative agitation in children: a meta-analysis.

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Juan Ni

Full Text Available Emergence agitation (EA is one of the most common postoperative complications in children. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine for preventing postoperative agitation in children.We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Randomized controlled trials were included. The following outcome measures were evaluated: incidence of EA, number of patients requiring rescue, time to eye-open, time to extubation, time to discharge from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU.We analyzed 19 trials (1608 patients that met the inclusion criteria. Compared with placebo, intravenous dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the incidence of EA [risk ratio (RR 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI 0.25-0.44, P<0.00001. Dexmedetomidine also decreased the incidence of severe pain (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.27-0.62, P<0.0001 and requirement of a rescue drug (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.18-0.53, P<0.0001. However, compared with placebo, dexmedetomidine increased the time to eye-open by 0.98 min (P = 0.01 and the time to PACU discharge by 4.63 min (P = 0.02. Dexmedetomidine was also compared with midazolam, propofol, ketamine, and fentanyl, among others. No significant difference was found in the incidence of EA for most of these comparisons, with the exception of fentanyl and propofol, where dexmedetomidine was more beneficial.Dexmedetomidine was proved effective for preventing EA and for reducing severe pain and the requirement of rescue drugs. It slightly increased the time to eye-open and the time to PACU discharge. Dexmedetomidine was also more beneficial than propofol or fentanyl in preventing EA.

Comparison of Postoperative Pain between Infiltrative Local Anesthesia plus Paracetamol and Total Intravenous Anesthesia plus Paracetamol in Ambulatory Breast Surgery

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Kasra Karvandian

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Background: Acute postoperative pain is an important surgical side effect that may delay patient discharge in ambulatory operations; moreover, the strategies used to alleviate pain may cause side effects that require longer hospitalization to recover. In this clinical trial, we compared two current anesthetic methods with special concerns about postoperative pain intensity beside other important components of ambulatory anesthesia.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on two age-matched groups of 75 members who underwent ambulatory breast surgery. Patients in the first group (GA underwent general anesthesia with propofol plus remifentanil by employing a laryngeal mask airway. In the second group (LA, the surgeon used infiltration of 2% lidocaine in the breast tissue and midazolam was applied as premedication. At the end of surgery, paracetamol was administered to all patients in both groups. The pain score was evaluated when the patients were fully awake using a numerical pain rating scale. Patients with severe pain received analgesia. The length of postanesthesia care unit (PACU stay was recorded for each patient.Results: None of the patients in the LA group were satisfied because of the experience of needle insertion into their breast tissue (P = 0.001. The patients in the LA group experienced more pain in PACU requiring adjuvant analgesia (P = 0.001. Patients in the LA group had longer PACU admission (P = 0.001.Conclusions: Patients in the LA group had higher pain scores and were dissatisfied with the plan of their anesthesia. This may confirm the role of preemptive analgesia or the effect of emotional stress of breast tissue needling in wakeful patient.

De-Icing Systems of Flight Vehicles. Bases of Design Methods for Testing. Part 1,

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1979-09-07

featu /pacu.iarity of cyclic heating is connected with the follcwLng contcadictory tact: in order to ersur- the work of dqicer despitd aL. precribed ...consequently, also beatiun dre very increased, whereas extr::-i angles almost in no way are natea. This leads frequently to th burning out of insulaticn

Optimización de un método analítico para la determinación de mercurio en muestras ambientales por espectrometría UV-Visible

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Xiomara Piña

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Dithizone´s colorimetric method was modified and quasi miniaturized for mercury determination in water and Lemna minor and Piaractus brachypomus tissue. Detection limit (4-22µg.L-1 was adequate for environmental studies. Evaluation of the accuracy in water was achieved by analyzing SPEX CERTIPREP standard samples with no significant differences. 85-120% recovery percentages for digested biota were obtained. The precision was less than 10% of relative standard deviation in all the cases. The method is reliable for mercury determination in water, red-bellied and Lemna minor tissue.

Comparison of extended-release epidural morphine with femoral nerve block to patient-controlled epidural analgesia for postoperative pain control of total knee arthroplasty: a case-controlled study.

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Sugar, Scott L; Hutson, Larry R; Shannon, Patrick; Thomas, Leslie C; Nossaman, Bobby D

2011-01-01

Because newer anticoagulation strategies for total knee replacement present potentially increased risk of neuraxial analgesia, there is movement away from using patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) for pain control. This concern opens the door for other regional modalities in postoperative analgesia, including the use of extended-release epidural morphine (EREM) combined with a femoral nerve block (FNB). This study was a prospective observational chart review with the use of recent historical controls in patients undergoing unilateral total knee replacement. Outcomes of interest were 0-, 24-, and 48-hour postoperative pain scores using the visual analog scale (VAS); incidence of side effects; and time spent in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Postoperative pain scores at 24 and 48 hours in the EREM and FNB group (n  =  14; 2.6 ± 0.6 and 5.0 ± 0.9, respectively) were comparable to the PCEA group (n  =  14; 3.8 ± 0.6 and 4.2 ± 0.9). The PACU time was shorter in the EREM and FNB group (2.4 ± 0.3 hours) compared with PCEA (3.6 ± 0.3 hours, P  =  .02). No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of side effects between the 2 groups. The VAS scores at 24 and 48 hours indicate that EREM and FNB provide comparable analgesia to PCEA. The trend toward shorter PACU times represents an opportunity for cost-identification analysis. The study data are limited by their observational nature and the small number of patients involved; nevertheless, this study demonstrates a therapeutic equivalence to PCEA that may be more cost effective.

Parents' satisfaction with pediatric ambulatory anesthesia in northeast of Thailand.

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Boonmak, Suhattaya; Boonmak, Polpun; Pothiruk, Kittawan; Hoontanee, Nattakhan

2009-12-01

Study the satisfaction of parents with ambulatory anesthesia and associated factors, including characteristics of the patients and their parents. This was a prospective, descriptive, observation study. The authors included children who were scheduled for ambulatory anesthetic service between birth and 14 years of age and attended at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand. The authors excluded patients whose parents could not be reached by telephone. Before anesthesia, the authors recorded the patients and parents' characteristics, level of information perception (pre-, peri- and post-anesthesia and complications). After anesthesia, the anesthesia technique and any complications were recorded. The day after anesthesia, the authors made phone calls to the patients to record the parents' satisfaction score (viz, of overall, pre-, peri- and post-anesthesia care, and information about the level of patient care at home), and any anesthesia related complications. Ninety-two patients and their parents were included in the present study. Overall parents 'satisfaction with the anesthesia service was 96.7% (i.e., 89/92) (95% CI 90.8-99.3). Parents' satisfaction with pre- and peri-anesthesia care was 100% (95% CI 96.1-100) and 97.9% (95% CI 92.4-99.7), respectively. Parents' satisfaction with the PACU care and information of patient care at home was 96.7% (95% CI 90.8-99.3) and 91.3% (95% CI 83.6-96.2), respectively. Associated factors where parents were dissatisfied included PACU care satisfaction (i.e., relative risk 22.5 (95% CI 3.2-158)) and patient care information at home (i.e., relative risk 13.3 (95% CI 1.3-136.0)). The present study showed a high level of parents' satisfaction. Parents' dissatisfaction associated with PACU care and information about post anesthesia care at home. Additionally information on parents' characteristics provides invaluable data for improving pediatric ambulatory anesthesia in Srinagarind Hospital.

Use of intranasal fentanyl in children undergoing myringotomy and tube placement during halothane and sevoflurane anesthesia.

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Galinkin, J L; Fazi, L M; Cuy, R M; Chiavacci, R M; Kurth, C D; Shah, U K; Jacobs, I N; Watcha, M F

2000-12-01

Many children are restless, disoriented, and inconsolable immediately after bilateral myringotomy and tympanosotomy tube placement (BMT). Rapid emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia and postoperative pain may increase emergence agitation. The authors first determined serum fentanyl concentrations in a two-phase study of intranasal fentanyl. The second phase was a prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to determine the efficacy of intranasal fentanyl in reducing emergence agitation after sevoflurane or halothane anesthesia. In phase 1, 26 children with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II who were scheduled for BMT received intranasal fentanyl, 2 microg/kg, during a standardized anesthetic. Serum fentanyl concentrations in blood samples drawn at emergence and at postanesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge were determined by radioimmunoassay. In phase 2, 265 children with ASA physical status I or II were randomized to receive sevoflurane or halothane anesthesia along with either intranasal fentanyl (2 microg/kg) or saline. Postoperative agitation, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) scores, and satisfaction of PACU nurses and parents with the anesthetic technique were evaluated. In phase 1, the mean fentanyl concentrations at 10 +/- 4 min (mean +/- SD) and 34 +/- 9 min after administering intranasal fentanyl were 0.80 +/- 0.28 and 0.64 +/- 0.25 ng/ml, respectively. In phase 2, the incidence of severe agitation, highest CHEOPS scores, and heart rate in the PACU were decreased with intranasal fentanyl. There were no differences between sevoflurane and halothane in these measures and in times to hospital discharge. The incidence of postoperative vomiting, hypoxemia, and slow respiratory rates were not increased with fentanyl. Serum fentanyl concentrations after intranasal administration exceed the minimum effective steady state concentration for analgesia in adults. The use of intranasal fentanyl during

Preoperative oral dextromethorphan does not reduce pain or analgesic consumption in children after adenotonsillectomy.

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Rose, J B; Cuy, R; Cohen, D E; Schreiner, M S

1999-04-01

In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, prospective study, we evaluated the analgesic efficacy of dextromethorphan 0.5 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg p.o. 1 h before adenotonsillectomy in 57 children 6-12 yr of age. Anesthetic management was standardized. Morphine 0.075 mg/kg i.v. and acetaminophen 25-35 mg/kg p.r. were administered after anesthetic induction but before the start of surgery. A 4-point behavioral score (1 = asleep, 2 = awake and calm, 3 = awake and crying, 4 = thrashing) was recorded on admission to and discharge from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). In the PACU, pain was assessed with Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and recorded every 15 min until the patient was transferred to the day surgery unit (DSU). In the DSU, patients rated their pain using a 10-cm baseline 0-10 visual analog pain scale (VAS) every 30 min until they were discharged home. A 24-h VAS was obtained by phone interview, and parental satisfaction was scored (yes/no) regarding their child's postoperative analgesia. Morphine 0.025 mg/kg i.v. was administered to children with CHEOPS score >6, who verbalized pain, or who were crying in any consecutive 5-min observation periods in the PACU. Total morphine consumption was recorded. The study groups were comparable with respect to demographic variables. We were unable to detect any differences between study groups with respect to postoperative morphine consumption, CHEOPS, behavior scores, VAS, or parental satisfaction. Premedication with dextromethorphan 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg p.o. does not improve postoperative analgesia in school-aged children who receive preemptive morphine 0.075 mg/kg i.v. and acetaminophen 25-35 mg/kg p.r. during nitrous oxide and desflurane anesthesia for adenotonsillectomy.

Mercury in fish from the Madeira River and health risk to Amazonian and riverine populations.

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Soares, José Maria; Gomes, José M; Anjos, Marcelo R; Silveira, Josianne N; Custódio, Flavia B; Gloria, M Beatriz A

2018-07-01

The objective of this study was to quantify total mercury in highly popular Amazonian fish pacu, curimatã, jaraqui, and sardinha from the Madeira River and to estimate the exposure to methylmercury from fish consumption. The samples were obtained from two locations - Puruzinho Igarapé and Santa Rosa - near Humaitá, Amazonia, Brazil in two seasons of 2015 (high and low waters). The fish were identified, weighed and measured, and lipids were quantified. Total mercury was determined by gold amalgamation-atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean levels were used to calculate exposure of Amazonian and riverine populations. There was significant correlation (p < 0.05) between length × weight for all fish; length × lipid and weight × lipid were significant only for pacu. Total mercury levels varied along muscle tissue for the fish, except for sardinha; therefore muscle from the dorsal area along the fish were sampled, homogenized and used for analysis. The levels of total mercury varied from 0.01 to 0.46 mg/kg, with higher median levels in sardinha (0.24 mg/kg), followed by curimatã (0.16 mg/kg), jaraqui (0.13 mg/kg) and pacu (0.04 mg/kg), corresponding with the respective feeding habits along the trophic chain. Total mercury levels were not affected by the location of fish capture and by high and low waters seasons. Total mercury correlated significantly with length and weight for jaraqui and with length for sardinha (negative correlation). Total mercury levels in fish complied with legislation; however, exposures to methylmercury from fish consumption overpassed the safe intake reference dose for sardinha for Amazonians; however, for the riverine communities, all of the fish would cause potential health risk, mainly for children and women of childbearing age. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Prospective double blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of the pectoral nerves (Pecs) block type II.

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Versyck, Barbara; van Geffen, Geert-Jan; Van Houwe, Patrick

2017-08-01

The aim of this clinical trial was to test the hypothesis whether adding the pectoral nerves (Pecs) block type II to the anesthetic procedure reduces opioid consumption during and after breast surgery. A prospective randomized double blind placebo-controlled study. A secondary hospital. 140 breast cancer stage 1-3 patients undergoing mastectomy or tumorectomy with sentinel node or axillary node dissection. Patients were randomized to receive either a Pecs block with levobupivacaine 0.25% (n=70) or placebo block with saline (n=70). The pain levels were evaluated by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain scores at 15-minute intervals during the post anesthesia care unit stay time (PACU), at 2-hour intervals for the first 24h on the ward and at 4-hour intervals for the next 24h. Intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption were recorded during the full stay. Patient satisfaction was evaluated upon discharge using a 10-point scale. Intraoperative sufentanil requirements were comparable for the Pecs and placebo group (8.0±3.5μg and 7.8±3.0μg, P=0.730). Patients in the Pecs group experienced significantly less pain than patients in the control group (P=0.048) during their PACU stay. Furthermore, patients in the Pecs group required significant less postoperative opioids (9.16±10.15mg and 14.97±14.38mg morphine equivalent, P=0.037) and required significant fewer postsurgical opioid administration interventions than patients in the control group (P=0.045). Both patient-groups were very satisfied about their management (9.6±0.6 and 9.1±1.8 on a 10-point scale, P=0.211). The Pecs block reduces postsurgical opioid consumption during the PACU stay time for patients undergoing breast surgery. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Use of protocol and evaluation of postoperative residual curarization incidence in the absence of intraoperative acceleromyography - Randomized clinical trial

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Filipe Nadir Caparica Santos

Full Text Available Abstract Objective Evaluate the incidence of postoperative residual curarization (PORC in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU after the use of protocol and absence of intraoperative acceleromyography (AMG. Methods Randomized clinical trial with 122 patients allocated into two groups (protocol and control. Protocol group received initial and additional doses of rocuronium (0.6 mg·kg-1 and 10 mg, respectively; the use of rocuronium was avoided in the final 45 min; blockade reversal with neostigmine (50 µg·kg-1; time ≥15 min between reversion and extubation. Control: initial and additional doses of rocuronium, blockade reversal, neostigmine dose, and extubation time, all at the discretion of the anesthesiologist. AMG was used in the PACU and PORC considered at T4/T1 ratio <1.0. Results The incidence of PORC was lower in protocol group than in control group (25% vs. 45.2%, p = 0.02. In control group, total dose of rocuronium was higher in patients with PORC than without PORC (0.43 vs. 0.35 mg·kg-1·h-1, p = 0.03 and the time interval between the last administration of rocuronium and neostigmine was lower (75.0 vs. 101.0 min, p < 0.01. In protocol group, there was no difference regarding the analyzed parameters (with PORC vs. without PORC. Considering the entire study population and the presence or absence of PORC, total dose of rocuronium was higher in patients with PORC (0.42 vs. 0.31 mg·kg-1·h-1, p = 0.01, while the time interval between the last administration of rocuronium and neostigmine was lower (72.5 vs. 99.0 min, p ≤ 0.01. Conclusion The proposed systematization reduced PORC incidence in PACU in the absence of intraoperative AMG.

Postoperative pain assessment using four behavioral scales in Pakistani children undergoing elective surgery

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Faisal Shamim

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Several measurement tools have been used for assessment of postoperative pain in pediatric patients. Self-report methods have limitations in younger children and parent, nurse or physician assessment can be used as a surrogate measure. These tools should be tested in different cultures as pain can be influenced by sociocultural factors. The objective was to assess the inter-rater agreement on four different behavioral pain assessment scales in our local population. Materials and Methods: This prospective, descriptive, observational study was conducted in Pakistan. American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II children, 3-7 years of age, undergoing elective surgery were enrolled. Four pain assessment scales were used, Children′s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS, Toddler Preschool Postoperative Pain Scale (TPPPS, objective pain scale (OPS, and Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC. After 15 and 60 min of arrival in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU, each child evaluated his/her postoperative pain by self-reporting and was also independently assessed by the PACU nurse, PACU anesthetist and the parent. The sensitivity and specificity of the responses of the four pain assessment scales were compared to the response of the child. Results: At 15 min, sensitivity and specificity were >60% for doctors and nurses on FLACC, OPS, and CHEOPS scales and for FLACC and CHEOPS scale for the parents. Parents showed poor agreement on OPS and TPPS. At 60 min, sensitivity was poor on the OPS scale by all three observers. Nurses showed a lower specificity on FLACC tool. Parents had poor specificity on CHEOPS and rate of false negatives was high with TPPS. Conclusions: We recommend the use of FLACC scale for assessment by parents, nurses, and doctors in Pakistani children aged between 3 and 7.

Bloqueio neuromuscular residual após o uso de rocurônio ou cisatracúrio Bloqueo neuromuscular residual después del uso de rocuronio o cisatracúrio Residual neuromuscular block after rocuronium or cisatracurium

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Bruno Salomé de Morais

2005-12-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O bloqueio neuromuscular residual na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (SRPA é um fenômeno que pode aumentar a morbidade pós-operatória, com incidência variando entre 0% e 93%. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a incidência do bloqueio neuromuscular residual na SRPA. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 93 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia geral com o uso de cisatracúrio ou rocurônio. Após a admissão na SRPA foi realizada a monitorização objetiva da função neuromuscular (aceleromiografia - TOF GUARD. O bloqueio neuromuscular residual foi definido como SQE JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El bloqueo neuromuscular residual en la sala de recuperación posanestésica (SRPA es un fenómeno que puede aumentar la morbidez posoperatoria, con incidencia variando entre 0% y 93%. La finalidad de este estudio fue evaluar la incidencia del bloqueo neuromuscular residual en la SRPA. MÉTODO: Fueron estudiados 93 pacientes sometidos a cirugía general con el uso de cisatracúrio o rocuronio. Después de la admisión en la SRPA fue realizada la monitorización objetiva de la función neuromuscular (aceleromiografia - TOF-GUARD. El bloqueo neuromuscular residual fue definido como TOF BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Residual neuromuscular block in the post-anesthetic recovery unit (PACU may increase postoperative morbidity from 0% to 93%. This study aimed at evaluating the incidence of residual neuromuscular block in the PACU. METHODS: Participated in this study 93 patients submitted to general anesthesia with cisatracurium or rocuronium. After PACU admission, neuromuscular function was objectively monitored (acceleromyography - TOF GUARD. Residual neuromuscular block was defined as TOF < 0.9. RESULTS: From 93 patients, 53 received cisatracurium and 40 rocuronium. Demographics, procedure length and the use of antagonists were comparable between groups. Residual neuromuscular block was 32% in subgroup C (cisatracurium and 30% in subgroup R

Sugammadex facilitates early recovery after surgery even in the absence of neuromuscular monitoring in patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery: a single-center retrospective study.

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Park, Eui-Seok; Lim, Byung Gun; Lee, Won-Joon; Lee, Il Ok

2016-08-02

In many countries, routine clinical anaesthesia does not always involve neuromuscular monitoring. In these clinical settings, the efficacy and safety of sugammadex use has not yet been confirmed. We investigated the efficacy and safety of sugammadex in the absence of neuromuscular monitoring. One hundred and forty patients who underwent laryngeal microsurgery with the use of rocuronium as a neuromuscular blocking agent, without the use of a neuromuscular monitoring device, were retrospectively investigated. The patients were randomly chosen among all the patients who met the inclusion criteria at a tertiary university hospital between July 2013 and February 2015 and were allocated to group S (sugammadex group) or group P (pyridostigmine group) according to the neuromuscular reversal agent administered. Five patients were excluded from analysis and 135 patients completed the study. Primary outcome was extubation time. Secondary outcomes were anaesthesia time, the correlation between anaesthesia time and extubation time, the total amount of rocuronium, and postoperative adverse events in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU). Extubation time was significantly shorter in group S (6.3 ± 3.9 min) than in group P (9.0 ± 5.4 min). Anaesthesia time was also significantly shorter in group S (30.7 ± 10.3 min) than in group P (35.8 ± 12.6 min). In the patients with an anaesthesia time of 30 min or less, there was a positive correlation between anaesthesia time and extubation time in group P (r = 0.453), but there was no significant relationship in group S. The total amount of rocuronium used was higher in group S (0.62 ± 0.11 mg kg(-1)) than in group P (0.38 ± 0.14 mg kg(-1)). Postoperative adverse events in the PACU were comparable between the groups, except for tachycardia events: the incidence of tachycardia was significantly lower in group S (8.0 %) than in group P (17.3 %). Sugammadex could shorten anaesthesia and extubation

Small-Volume Injections: Evaluation of Volume Administration Deviation From Intended Injection Volumes.

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Muffly, Matthew K; Chen, Michael I; Claure, Rebecca E; Drover, David R; Efron, Bradley; Fitch, William L; Hammer, Gregory B

2017-10-01

In the perioperative period, anesthesiologists and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) nurses routinely prepare and administer small-volume IV injections, yet the accuracy of delivered medication volumes in this setting has not been described. In this ex vivo study, we sought to characterize the degree to which small-volume injections (≤0.5 mL) deviated from the intended injection volumes among a group of pediatric anesthesiologists and pediatric postanesthesia care unit (PACU) nurses. We hypothesized that as the intended injection volumes decreased, the deviation from those intended injection volumes would increase. Ten attending pediatric anesthesiologists and 10 pediatric PACU nurses each performed a series of 10 injections into a simulated patient IV setup. Practitioners used separate 1-mL tuberculin syringes with removable 18-gauge needles (Becton-Dickinson & Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ) to aspirate 5 different volumes (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mL) of 0.25 mM Lucifer Yellow (LY) fluorescent dye constituted in saline (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) from a rubber-stoppered vial. Each participant then injected the specified volume of LY fluorescent dye via a 3-way stopcock into IV tubing with free-flowing 0.9% sodium chloride (10 mL/min). The injected volume of LY fluorescent dye and 0.9% sodium chloride then drained into a collection vial for laboratory analysis. Microplate fluorescence wavelength detection (Infinite M1000; Tecan, Mannedorf, Switzerland) was used to measure the fluorescence of the collected fluid. Administered injection volumes were calculated based on the fluorescence of the collected fluid using a calibration curve of known LY volumes and associated fluorescence.To determine whether deviation of the administered volumes from the intended injection volumes increased at lower injection volumes, we compared the proportional injection volume error (loge [administered volume/intended volume]) for each of the 5 injection volumes using a linear

Optimización de un método analítico para la determinación de mercurio en muestras ambientales por espectrometría UV-Visible

OpenAIRE

Piña, Xiomara; Marcó Parra, Lue Merú; Poleo, Germán; Rojas, Jesús; Torres, Gosmyr

2013-01-01

El método colorimétrico de la ditizona fue modificado y cuasi miniaturizado para la determinación de mercurio en agua y en tejido de Lemna minor y Piaractus brachypomus. El límite de detección (4-22μg.L-1) fue satisfactorio para estudios ambientales. Para la evaluación de la exactitud en agua se analizaron patrones SPEX CERTIPREP sin diferencias significativas y para la biota digerida se obtuvieron porcentajes de recuperación en el rango de 85-120%. La precisión fue menor al 10% de desviación...

Pêche du poisson à des fins alimentaires en Amazonie (FCRSAI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Il devrait multiplier par deux la production de paiche (Arapaima gigas), une espèce introduite ayant une valeur commerciale élevée. Il augmentera aussi la production aquacole (90 % de pacu et 10 % d'autres espèces) dans les régions ciblées. Au moins 2 200 familles pauvres augmenteront leurs revenus et jusqu'à 20 000 ...

Eficácia analgésica da dexmedetomidina comparada ao sufentanil em cirurgias intraperitoneais: estudo comparativo Eficacia analgésica de la dexmedetomidina comparada al sufentanil en cirugías intraperitoneales: estudio comparativo Analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine as compared to sufentanil in intraperitoneal surgeries: comparative study

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Marco Aurélio Marangoni

2005-02-01

procedures with high painful stimulation, such as intraperitoneal surgeries, and there are no references to its use as single agent. Dexmedetomidine was compared to sufentanil during intraperitoneal procedures in patients above 60 years of age. METHODS: Participated in this study 41 patients randomly distributed in two groups: GS (n = 21, receiving sufentanil, and GD (n = 20 receiving dexmedetomidine for anesthetic induction and maintenance. Patients were given etomidate (GS and GD with midazolam (GD for induction and isoflurane and nitrous oxide for maintenance. Hemodynamic attributes (mean blood pressure and heart rate, emergence and extubation times, extubation site (OR or PACU, PACU stay, need for additional analgesia and antiemetics in PACU, OR and PACU complications, Aldrete-Kroulik index at PACU discharge and the need for oxygen mask at PACU discharge were evaluated. RESULTS: There were no differences in hemodynamic stability. GD group has remained for a shorter time in PACU with lower need for oxygen mask at PACU discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine may be used as single analgesic for intraperitoneal procedures in patients above 60 years of age, promoting hemodynamic stability similar to sufentanil, with better recovery profile.

The efficacy of oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane block in laparoscopic cholecystectomy - a prospective, placebo controlled study.

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Breazu, Caius Mihai; Ciobanu, Lidia; Hadade, Adina; Bartos, Adrian; Mitre, Călin; Mircea, Petru Adrian; Ionescu, Daniela

2016-04-01

Pain control after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy can represent a challenge, considering the side effects due to standard analgesia methods. Recently the transversus abdominis plane block (TAP Block) has been used as a part of multimodal analgesia with promising results. The subcostal approach (OSTAP Block), a variant on the TAP block, produces reliable unilateral supraumbilical analgesia. This study evaluated the efficacy of the OSTAP block with bupivacaine in laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared with the placebo OSTAP block. Sixty ASA I/II adult patients listed for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly allocated in one of two groups: Group A (OSTAP placebo) received preoperatively bilateral OSTAP block with sterile normal saline and Group B (OSTAP bupivacaine) received bilateral preoperatively OSTAP block with the same volumes of 0.25% bupivacaine. Twenty-four hours postoperative opioid consumption, the dose of opioid required during surgery, opioid dose in the recovery unit (PACU) and PACU length of stay were evaluated. The quality of analgesia was assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at specific interval hours during 24 h, at rest and with movement. The mean intraoperative opioid consumption showed a significant difference between the two groups, (385 ± 72.52 mg in group A vs 173.67 ± 48.60 mg in group B, p consumption showed a statistically significant difference between groups (32 ± 26.05 mg vs 79 ± 16.68 mg, p < 0.001). PACU length of stay was significantly lower for group B patients compared with group A patients (20.67 ± 11.27 min vs 41.67 ± 12.41 min, p < 0.001). The OSTAP bupivacaine group had a statistically significant lower pain score than the OSTAP placebo group at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 h, both at rest and with movement. No signs or symptoms of local anaesthetic systemic toxicity or other complications were detected. OSTAP block with bupivacaine 0.25% can provide effective analgesia up to 24 hours after laparoscopic

Prediction of emergence agitation using withdrawal reaction following rocuronium injection in preschool-aged patients undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy: a preliminary exploratory observational trial

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Kim DH

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Dae Hee Kim,1 Go Un Roh,2 Young Bok Lee,3 Chang Ik Choi,3 Jae Moon Lee,3 Yun Jeong Chae1 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 2Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, 3Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea Purpose: The development of emergence agitation (EA is associated with several factors including age, preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain, anesthesia method, and surgery type. No studies have investigated whether the withdrawal reaction following rocuronium injection can predict the occurrence of EA. Therefore, we investigated this relationship in preschool-aged children undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy, and which grade of withdrawal reaction is appropriate for identifying patients at risk of experiencing EA. Methods: A total of 40 patients were enrolled in this study. During anesthesia induction, the withdrawal reaction after loss of consciousness following rocuronium injection was assessed using a 4-point scale. After surgery, EA was assessed using the Watcha scale. Results: There was a correlation between withdrawal reaction and EA on admission to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU. Patients with a severe withdrawal reaction (grade 3 showed a significantly higher incidence of severe EA requiring medication on admission to the PACU. Conclusion: The findings of this preliminary exploratory observational study suggest that it is possible for withdrawal movement following rocuronium injection during anesthesia induction to reflect pain sensitivity of pediatric patients, which in turn may be useful in identifying those at risk of severe EA on admission to the PACU among preschool children undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy. Further studies with a larger sample size are required to validate these findings. The exact correlation between pain

Quality of life after carotid endarterectomy.

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Abelha, Fernando José; Quevedo, Susana; Barros, Henrique

2008-11-20

Most studies documenting beneficial outcomes after carotid endarterectomy (CE) are limited to mortality and morbidity rates, costs, and length of hospital stay (LOS). Few have examined the dependency of patients and how they perceive their own health changes after surgery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate quality of life and independence in activities of daily living (ADL) and to study its determinants. Sixty-three patients admitted in the Post Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU) after CE were eligible for this 14-month follow-up study. Patients were contacted 6 months after discharge to complete a Short Form-36 questionnaire (SF-36) and to have their dependency in ADL evaluated. Among 59 hospital survivors at 6 months follow-up, 43 completed the questionnaires. Sixty-three percent reported that their general level of health was better on the day they answered the questionnaire than 12 months earlier. Patients had worse SF-36 scores for all domains except bodily pain than a general urban population, and comparison with a group of patients 6 months after surgical ICU discharge showed no differences. Six months after PACU discharge, the Lawton Instrumental Activities of ADL Scale and the Katz Index of ADL demonstrated higher dependency scores (5.9 +/- 2.2 versus 4.3 +/- 2.4 and 0.3 +/- 0.8 versus 0.6 +/- 0.9, p < 0.001 and p = 0.047). Sixty-five percent and 33% were dependent in at least one activity in instrumental and personal ADL, respectively. Patients dependent in at least one ADL task had higher Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) scores (1.0 versus 1.5, p = 0.017). After controlling for multiple comparisons, no significant differences were found. Patients undergoing CE have improved self-perception of quality of life despite being more dependent. Almost all their scores are worse than those in an urban population. We could identify no predictors of greater dependency in ADL tasks six months after PACU discharge.

Apolipoprotein E e4 allele does not increase the risk of early postoperative delirium after major surgery.

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Abelha, Fernando José; Fernandes, Vera; Botelho, Miguela; Santos, Patricia; Santos, Alice; Machado, J C; Barros, Henrique

2012-02-01

BACKGROUND: A relationship between patients with a genetic predisposition to and those who develop postoperative delirium has not been yet determined. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele (APOE4) and delirium after major surgery. METHODS: Of 230 intensive care patients admitted to the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) over a period of 3 months, 173 were enrolled in the study. Patients' demographics and intra- and postoperative data were collected. Patients were followed for the development of delirium using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist, and DNA was obtained at PACU admission to determine apolipoprotein E genotype. RESULTS: Fifteen percent of patients developed delirium after surgery. Twenty-four patients had one copy of APOE4. The presence of APOE4 was not associated with an increased risk of early postoperative delirium (4% vs. 17%; P = 0.088). The presence of APOE4 was not associated with differences in any studied variables. Multivariate analysis identified age [odds ratio (OR) 9.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0-43.0, P = 0.004 for age ≥65 years), congestive heart disease (OR 6.2, 95% CI 2.0-19.3, P = 0.002), and emergency surgery (OR 59.7, 95% CI 6.7-530.5, P < 0.001) as independent predictors for development of delirium. The Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) and The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) were significantly higher in patients with delirium (P < 0.001 and 0.008, respectively). Hospital mortality rates of these patients was higher and they had a longer median PACU stay. CONCLUSIONS: Apolipoprotein e4 carrier status was not associated with an increased risk for early postoperative delirium. Age, congestive heart failure, and emergency surgery were independent risk factors for the development of delirium after major surgery.

Residual neuromuscular block as a risk factor for critical respiratory events in the post anesthesia care unit.

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Norton, M; Xará, D; Parente, D; Barbosa, M; Abelha, F J

2013-04-01

Residual neuromuscular block is an important postoperative complication associated to the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs. The purpose of this study was to access the incidence of residual neuromuscular block in a post-anesthesia care unit and to evaluate its association with critical respiratory events. Prospective cohort study was conducted in a Post Anesthetic Care Unit (PACU) for a period of 3 weeks. Two hundred two adult patients who submitted to scheduled non-cardiac and non-intracranial surgery were eligible to the study. The primary outcome variable was residual neuromuscular block after arrival to PACU that was defined as train-of-four ratio <0.9 and objectively quantified using acceleromyography. Demographic data, perioperative variables, lengths of hospital and recovery room stay and critical respiratory events were recorded. Inadequate emergence was classified in its different forms according to the Richmond agitation and sedation scale 10 min after admission to the recovery room. Residual neuromuscular block incidence in the post-anesthesia care unit was 29.7% (95% confidence interval: 23.4, 36.1). Patients with residual neuromuscular block had more frequently overall critical respiratory events (51% versus 16%, P<0.001), airway obstruction (10% versus 2%, P=0.029), mild-moderate hypoxemia (23% versus 4%, P<0.001), severe hypoxemia (7% versus 1%, P=0.033), respiratory failure (8% versus 1%, P=0.031), inability to breathe deeply (38% versus 12%, P<0.001) and muscular weakness (16% versus 1%, P<0.001). Residual neuromuscular block was more common after high-risk surgery (53% versus 33%, P=0.011) and was more often associated with post-operative hypoactive emergence as defined by the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (21% versus 6%, P=0.001). This study suggests that residual neuromuscular block is common in the PACU and is associated with more frequent critical respiratory events. Copyright © 2012 Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimaci

Minimising post-operative risk using a Post-Anaesthetic Care Tool (PACT): protocol for a prospective observational study and cost-effectiveness analysis.

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Street, Maryann; Phillips, Nicole M; Kent, Bridie; Colgan, Stephen; Mohebbi, Mohammadreza

2015-06-01

While the risk of adverse events following surgery has been identified, the impact of nursing care on early detection of these events is not well established. A systematic review of the evidence and an expert consensus study in post-anaesthetic care identified essential criteria for nursing assessment of patient readiness for discharge from the post-anaesthetic care unit (PACU). These criteria were included in a new nursing assessment tool, the Post-Anaesthetic Care Tool (PACT), and incorporated into the post-anaesthetic documentation at a large health service. The aim of this study is to test the clinical reliability of the PACT and evaluate whether the use of PACT will (1) enhance the recognition and response to patients at risk of deterioration in PACU; (2) improve documentation for handover from PACU nurse to ward nurse; (3) result in improved patient outcomes and (4) reduce healthcare costs. A prospective, non-randomised, pre-implementation and post-implementation design comparing: (1) patients (n=750) who have surgery prior to the implementation of the PACT and (2) patients (n=750) who have surgery after PACT. The study will examine the use of the tool through the observation of patient care and nursing handover. Patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness will be determined from health service data and medical record audit. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the sample and compare the two patient groups (pre-intervention and post-intervention). Differences in patient outcomes between the two groups will be compared using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test and regression analyses and reported as ORs with the corresponding 95% CIs. This study will test the clinical reliability and cost-effectiveness of the PACT. It is hypothesised that the PACT will enable nurses to recognise and respond to patients at risk of deterioration, improve handover to ward nurses, improve patient outcomes, and reduce healthcare costs. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group

Intravenous dextrose administration reduces postoperative antiemetic rescue treatment requirements and postanesthesia care unit length of stay.

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Dabu-Bondoc, Susan; Vadivelu, Nalini; Shimono, Chantelle; English, Annette; Kosarussavadi, Boonsri; Dai, Feng; Shelley, Kirk; Feinleib, Jessica

2013-09-01

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains the most common postoperative complication, and causes decreased patient satisfaction, prolonged postoperative hospital stays, and unanticipated admission. There are limited data that indicate that dextrose may reduce nausea and vomiting. In this trial, we attempted to determine whether the rate of PONV can be decreased by postoperative administration of IV dextrose bolus. To test the effect of postoperative dextrose administration on PONV rates, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. We enrolled 62 nondiabetic, ASA class I or II nonsmoking outpatients scheduled for gynecologic laparoscopic and hysteroscopic procedures. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: the treatment group received dextrose 5% in Ringer lactate solution, and the control (placebo) group received Ringer lactate solution given immediately after surgery. All patients underwent a standardized general anesthesia and received 1 dose of antiemetic a half hour before emergence from anesthesia. PONV scores, antiemetic rescue medications, narcotic consumption, and discharge time were recorded in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) in half-hour intervals. The 2 groups were similar with regard to age, weight, anxiety scores, prior PONV, non per os status, presurgical glucose, anesthetic duration, intraoperative narcotic use, and total weight-based fluid volume received. Postoperative nausea scores were not significantly different in the dextrose group compared with the control group (P > 0.05) after Bonferroni correction for repeated measurements over time. However, patients who received dextrose 5% in Ringer lactate solution consumed less rescue antiemetic medications (ratio mean difference, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.39-0.82; P = 0.02), and had a shorter length of stay in the PACU (ratio mean difference, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.97; P = 0.03) compared with patients in the control group. In this trial

Advanced pulse oximeter signal processing technology compared to simple averaging. II. Effect on frequency of alarms in the postanesthesia care unit.

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Rheineck-Leyssius, A T; Kalkman, C J

1999-05-01

To determine the effect of a new pulse oximeter (Nellcor Symphony N-3000, Pleasanton, CA) with signal processing technique (Oxismart) on the incidence of false alarms in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Prospective study. Nonuniversity hospital. 603 consecutive ASA physical status I, II, and III patients recovering from general or regional anesthesia in the PACU. We compared the number of alarms produced by a recently developed "third"-generation pulse oximeter (Nellcor Symphony N-3000) with Oxismart signal processing technique and a conventional pulse oximeter (Criticare 504, Waukesha, WI). Patients were randomly assigned to either a Nellcor pulse oximeter or a Criticare with the signal averaging time set at either 12 or 21 seconds. For each patient the number of false (artifact) alarms was counted. The Nellcor generated one false alarm in 199 patients and 36 (in 31 patients) "loss of pulse" alarms. The conventional pulse oximeter with the averaging time set at 12 seconds generated a total of 32 false alarms in 17 of 197 patients [compared with the Nellcor, relative risk (RR) 0.06, confidence interval (CI) 0.01 to 0.25] and a total of 172 "loss of pulse" alarms in 79 patients (RR 0.39, CI 0.28 to 0.55). The conventional pulse oximeter with the averaging time set at 21 seconds generated 12 false alarms in 11 of 207 patients (compared with the Nellcor, RR 0.09, CI 0.02 to 0.48) and a total of 204 "loss of pulse" alarms in 81 patients (RR 0.40, CI 0.28 to 0.56). The lower incidence of false alarms of the conventional pulse oximeter with the longest averaging time compared with the shorter averaging time did not reach statistical significance (false alarms RR 0.62, CI 0.3 to 1.27; "loss of pulse" alarms RR 0.98, CI 0.77 to 1.3). To date, this is the first report of a pulse oximeter that produced almost no false alarms in the PACU.

Análise sensorial de caldos e canjas elaborados com farinha de carcaças de peixe defumadas: aplicação na merenda escolar Sensorial analysis of soups and broths made by smoked fish carcasses meal: its utilization to supplement school meals

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Leandro Cesar de Godoy

2010-05-01

Full Text Available O trabalho avaliou a aceitação de caldos e canjas elaborados com farinhas aromatizadas desenvolvidas a partir de carcaças de peixes defumadas. As carcaças de tilápia do Nilo, carpa e pacu foram lavadas, identificadas, pesadas, imersas em salmoura com ervas aromáticas e defumadas. O produto defumado foi submetido à moagem para obtenção das farinhas, a partir das quais foram elaborados o caldo e a canja. Porções das farinhas, dos caldos e das canjas foram avaliadas por um painel de 40 provadores utilizando-se um método de estímulo simples, sendo avaliados os atributos: aroma, sabor, cor, textura, aparência e aceitação geral. Não houve diferença significativa (P > 0,05 na aceitação geral dos produtos. Os caldos elaborados com estas farinhas tiveram uma excelente aceitação, não diferindo significativamente entre si no que se refere aos atributos avaliados. A canja elaborada a partir da farinha de carcaça de pacu apresentou as menores notas quando comparada às demais canjas. Portanto, as farinhas aromatizadas podem ser empregadas no enriquecimento de produtos para o consumo humano. Esses produtos podem ser aplicados na merenda escolar, melhorando a qualidade nutricional das refeições. Além disso, tal uso daria um destino nobre aos resíduos que podem causar sérios impactos se descartados no meio ambiente.This work evaluated the acceptance of soups and broths prepared with aromatized meals made from smoked fish carcasses. The species of fish used for smoking were Nile Tilapia , carp, and pacu. The carcasses were washed, labeled, weighted, immersed in a solution of brine with aromatic herbs, and smoked. The smoked product was crushed to obtain the meal, which was used to cook the soups and the broths . Portions of meals, broths and soups were sampled by 40 tasters based on a simple stimulus method, which evaluated characteristics such as aroma, flavor, color, texture, aspect, and general acceptance. Considering the three

Phylogeny and high diversity of the Old World cyprinodont, Genus Aphanius (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae in the Iranian Plateau

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Zeinab Gholami

2015-11-01

Full Text Available To date, 28 species of Aphanius have been recognized in the World, of which 14 species are described from six endorheic and eight exorheic basins in Iran. Here we report the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of the 14 Iranian Aphanius species to understand their evolutionary history, and thus to contribute to future conservation strategies and habitat management. Based on the cytochrome b gene in combination with geological data, they are representatives of three large clades i.e. (i A. dispar clade (A. dispar, A. ginaonis, A. furcatus and A. sirhani, (ii A. mento clade and (iii Inland Aphanius species clade (A. vladykovi, A. darabensis, A. shirini, A. isfahanensis, A. farsicus, A. arakensis, A. kavirensis, A. mesopotamicus, A. pluristriatus and A. sophiae. The latest clade comprises three subclades (A. vladykovi-, A. shirini- and A. sophiae subclade and represents an “old” evolutionary group that had diverged in the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene (ca. 10–5 Million years ago (A. vladykovi and A. shirini subclades and A. isfahanensis of the A. sophiae subclade and a “young” evolutionary group that may have diverged during the Late Pleistocene (100,000–11,700 y. ago and Early to Middle Holocene (11,700–4,000 y. ago (A. sophiae subclade, but without A. isfahanensis. The A. sophiae subclade is the most remarkable group with seven species that they are superficially very similar and often not clearly distinguishable by external characters alone. However, differences in cytochrome b and also between the otoliths clearly separate all species of this subclade. In addition, the species of the A. sophiae subclade show widely separated distribution areas with no hydrological connectivity in between, which additionally confirm their clarification as distinctive species. All Iranian Aphanius species are native except A. dispar, A. mesopotamicus and A. mento.

Resource savings and outcomes associated with outpatient laparoscopic appendectomy for nonperforated appendicitis.

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Gurien, Lori A; Burford, Jeffrey M; Bonasso, Patrick C; Dassinger, Melvin S

2017-11-01

Postoperative admission for acute appendicitis utilizes health care system resources. We evaluated outcomes and hospital charges for children with nonperforated appendicitis who underwent outpatient laparoscopic appendectomy. A retrospective chart review was performed for patients ≤18years old who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis in 2015. Patients were categorized into discharge from postanesthesia care unit (PACU) (outpatient), admission for 24-h. Continuous variables were compared using analysis of variance and categorical variables were compared using chi-square test, with p24-h. There were no differences in postoperative emergency department/clinic visits, complications, or readmissions. Hospital charges for admission 24-h were $1007 and $2237 more per patient than the PACU-discharge group, respectively. Outpatient laparoscopic appendectomies became more common over time, occurring in only 20% of patients with acute appendicitis in the first quarter of the year versus 49% of patients in the last quarter. Outpatient laparoscopic appendectomy for nonperforated appendicitis in children is a safe practice that decreases length of stay and hospital charges. Adoption of an outpatient strategy allows for better standardization of care and can lead to savings in health care resources. III (Treatment: retrospective comparative study). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Post-operative recovery profile after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, observational study of a multimodal anaesthetic regime

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, K; Kehlet, H; Lund, Claus Michael

2007-01-01

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now often an ambulatory procedure, but dependent on short-term post-operative complaints of pain and post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The efficacy of post-anaesthesia care units (PACUs) is therefore important to facilitate return to normal fun...... are predictors of a complicated recovery profile and deserve further attention. Transient oxygen desaturations postpone discharge from the PACU, but the clinical significance of this fact is questionable. Udgivelsesdato: 2007-Apr...

Influência da primeira alimentação na larvicultura e alevinagem do yamú Brycon siebenthalae (Characidae - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2092 First feeding influence on yamú, Brycon siebenthalae (Characidae larval rearing - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2092

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Sandra Pardo-Carrasco

2003-04-01

Full Text Available Para avaliar a influência da primeira alimentação na alevinagem do yamú, Brycon siebenthalae, no Instituto de Acuicultura/Universidad de Los Llanos (Villavicencio, Colômbia, foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos. No experimento 1, testaram-se, durante vinte e quatro horas, diferentes tipos de alimento vivo como primeira alimentação das pós-larvas (PL de yamú: náuplios de Artemia sp. (NA, zooplâncton silvestre (ZS e larvas de pirapitinga (LP (Piaractus brachypomus. No tratamento controle as pós-larvas foram mantidas em jejum. O alimento que proporcionou melhores resultados em ganho de peso e comprimento total foi larvas de pirapitinga (p Two experiments were carried out at Instituto de Acuicultura de Los Llanos/Universidad de Los Llanos (Villavicencio, Colômbia to evaluate first feeding influence on yamú larval rearing. In the first experiment, the following prey types were tested to first feeding for yamú larvae during 24 hours: Artemia sp. nauplii, wild zooplankton and pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus larvae. In the control yamú larvae were subjected to starvation. Pirapitinga larva was the prey item that offered the best results for weight and total length gain (p < 0.05. In the second experiment, yamú larvae performance was compared when stocked into fertilized ponds during 15 days either at the onset feeding or after first feeding with pirapitinga larvae prey item. Survival rate was lower in the larvae that were stocked into rearing ponds at the onset of feeding (13.4% when compared to survival of yamú larvae that were stocked after receiving pirapitinga larvae (74.1%. These results indicate that the use of pirapitinga larvae at first feeding increases performance of yamú larval rearing.

Femoral nerve blockade using various concentrations of local anesthetic for knee arthroscopy in the pediatric population

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Veneziano G

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Giorgio Veneziano,1,2 Jennifer Tripi,1 Dmitry Tumin,1 Mumin Hakim,1 David Martin,1,2 Ralph Beltran,1,2 Kevin Klingele,3,4 Tarun Bhalla,1,2 Joseph D Tobias1,2 1Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 2Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 4Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA Background: Femoral nerve blockade (FNB provides effective postoperative analgesia in children undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery as evidenced by their opioid-sparing effects and decreased postoperative pain scores. Increasing the local anesthetic concentration in peripheral nerve blockade for adults undergoing orthopedic surgery has been shown to be beneficial, increasing block success rate, and providing a longer duration of analgesia. The effect of increasing the concentration of local anesthetic in extremity blocks in children remains largely unexplored.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of FNB using three concentrations of local anesthetic (ropivacaine 0.2%, bupivacaine 0.25%, and ropivacaine 0.5% in children and adolescents undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery. The primary outcome evaluated was postoperative opioid consumption before discharge. Secondary outcomes included post-anesthesia care unit (PACU and hospital discharge times, first pain score in PACU, and the incidence of adverse events.Results: Two hundred and sixty-nine children and adolescents who received a FNB for arthroscopic knee surgery from January 2010 to December 2013 were included for analysis. Local anesthetic used in FNB was ropivacaine 0.2% in 116 (43% cases, ropivacaine 0.5% in 75 (28% cases, and bupivacaine 0.25% in 78 (29% cases. Median postoperative opioid consumption (mg/kg intravenous morphine equivalents in the ropivacaine 0.5% group was 0�

Outcome and quality of life after aorto-bifemoral bypass surgery.

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Abelha, Fernando J; Botelho, Miguela; Fernandes, Vera; Barros, Henrique

2010-03-18

Aorto-bifemoral bypass (AFB) is commonly performed to treat aorto-iliac disease and a durable long-term outcome is achieved. Most studies documenting beneficial outcomes after AFB have been limited to mortality and morbidity rates, costs and length of hospital stay (LOS). Few studies have examined the dependency of patients and how their perception of their own health changes after surgery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate outcome after AFB and to study its determinants. This retrospective study was carried out in the multidisciplinary Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU) with five intensive care beds. Out of 1597 intensive care patients admitted to the PACU, 75 were submitted to infrarenal AFB and admitted to these intensive care unit (ICU) beds over 2 years. Preoperative characteristics and outcome were evaluated by comparing occlusive disease with aneurysmatic disease patients. Six months after discharge, the patients were contacted to complete a Short Form-36 questionnaire (SF-36) and to have their dependency in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) evaluated. Patient's characteristics and postoperative follow-up data were compared using Mann-Whitney U test, t test for independent groups, chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Patient preoperative characteristics were evaluated for associations with mortality using a multiple logistic regression analysis. The mortality rate was 12% at six months. Multivariate analysis identified congestive heart disease and APACHE II as independent determinants for mortality. Patients submitted to AFB for occlusive disease had worse SF-36 scores in role physical and general health perception. Patients submitted to AFB had worse SF-36 scores for all domains than a comparable urban population and had similar scores to other PACU patients. Sixty-six percent and 23% of patients were dependent in at least one activity in instrumental and personal ADL, respectively, but 64% reported having better general health. This study shows that

Geranisetron versus gabapentin in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery in adults: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial study

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Morteza Heidari

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Background: The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV after middle ear surgery is high. In this study we want to compare the effects of intravenous granisetron and oral gabapentin as a premedication before surgery on the incidence and severity of PONV after middle ear surgery in adult patents. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 90 patients that were randomly divided into the three groups of 30 in each. Group I received granisetron 3 mg iv 2 minutes before induction of anesthesia; Group II received oral gabapentin 300 mg 1 hour before anesthesia and Group III received placebo. The incidence and severity of PONV were recorded each 15 minutes in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU and each 8 hours until 24 hours after discharge from the PACU. Result: The incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting at different time intervals in Groups I and Group II was significantly lower compared with Group III (P < 0.05. There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects of study drug administration including respiratory depression, apnea, extra pyramidal disorders, drowsiness, dizziness, vertigo and headache in three groups. Conclusion: The study was shown that using gabapentin and granisetron have equal anti-emetic effects, but significant differences were seen between these two groups compared to the control group. These submit the efficiency of these drugs in preventing PONV.

The effects of secondhand smoke on postoperative pain and fentanyl consumption.

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Aydogan, Mustafa Said; Ozturk, Erdogan; Erdogan, Mehmet Ali; Yucel, Aytac; Durmus, Mahmut; Ersoy, Mehmet Ozcan; Colak, Cemil

2013-08-01

Although the need for increased postoperative analgesia in smokers has been described, the effect of secondhand smoke on postoperative analgesia requirements has not been studied. We examined the effects of secondhand smoke on fentanyl consumption and postoperative pain. In this study, 101 patients (American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I and II) who underwent abdominal hysterectomy were divided into 3 groups according to history of exposure to cigarette smoke as per medical records which was retrospectively confirmed by measurement of serum cotinine: smokers (n = 28), nonsmokers (n = 31), and secondhand smokers (n = 32). All patients received propofol-remifentanil total intravenous anesthesia and used fentanyl patient controlled analgesia for postoperative pain. The fentanyl consumption visual analogue scale-pain intensity (VAS-PI) score and side effects were recorded in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and at 2, 4, 6, and 24 h after surgery. Fentanyl consumption at all the evaluation time points was significantly higher in secondhand smokers than in nonsmokers (P secondhand smokers was lower than that in smokers in the PACU and at 24 h (P secondhand smokers than in nonsmokers (P effects such as nausea, vomiting, and dizziness (P > 0.05). Secondhand smoking was associated with increased postoperative fentanyl consumption, and increased VAS-PI scores. These findings may be beneficial for managing postoperative pain in secondhand smokers.

The effect of requesting a reason for non-adherence to a guideline in a long running automated reminder system for PONV prophylaxis.

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Kooij, Fabian O; Klok, Toni; Preckel, Benedikt; Hollmann, Markus W; Kal, Jasper E

2017-03-29

Automated reminders are employed frequently to improve guideline adherence, but limitations of automated reminders are becoming more apparent. We studied the reasons for non-adherence in the setting of automated reminders to test the hypothesis that a separate request for a reason in itself may further improve guideline adherence. In a previously implemented automated reminder system on prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), we included additional automated reminders requesting a reason for non-adherence. We recorded these reasons in the pre-operative screening clinic, the OR and the PACU. We compared adherence to our PONV guideline in two study groups with a historical control group. Guideline adherence on prescribing and administering PONV prophylaxis (dexamethasone and granisetron) all improved compared to the historical control group (89 vs. 82% (preason for not prescribing PONV prophylaxis was disagreement with the risk estimate by the decision support system. In the OR/PACU, the main reasons for not administering PONV prophylaxis were: 'unintended non-adherence' and 'failure to document'. In this study requesting a reason for non-adherence is associated with improved guideline adherence. The effect seems to depend on the underlying reason for non-adherence. It also illustrates the importance of human factors principles in the design of decision support. Some reasons for non-adherence may not be influenced by automated reminders.

The effect of intravenous dextrose administration for prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

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Firouzian, Abolfazl; Kiasari, Alieh Zamani; Godazandeh, Gholamali; Baradari, Afshin Gholipour; Alipour, Abbas; Taheri, Arman; Emami Zeydi, Amir; Montazemi, Maryam

2017-10-01

Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and distressing complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous (IV) dextrose administration for the prophylaxis of PONV after LC. In a double-blind, randomised controlled trial, a total of 150 female patients who were scheduled for elective LC were randomly assigned into two groups (A and B). Thirty minutes before induction of anaesthesia, patients received an infusion of 500 cc lactated Ringer's solution (Group A) and 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's solution (Group B) and over a period of 30 min. All patients rated their nausea and vomiting intensity using the verbal rating scale immediately at post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) arrival; 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after arriving at the PACU and 6, 12 and 24 h after surgery. There was a statistically significant time trend and group effect along with significant differences in time/group interaction effect in both groups for nausea and vomiting scores ( P Dextrose administration reduced the odds of vomiting events compared to placebo (estimate: -0.87, odds ratio = 0.42, 95% confidence interval: 0.28-0.64). Administration of IV dextrose before anaesthesia induction may be recommended as an effective, and safe method for the prophylaxis of PONV after LC.

Length of Stay in Ambulatory Surgical Oncology Patients at High Risk for Sleep Apnea as Predicted by STOP-BANG Questionnaire

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Diwakar D. Balachandran

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Background. The STOP-BANG questionnaire has been used to identify surgical patients at risk for undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA by classifying patients as low risk (LR if STOP-BANG score < 3 or high risk (HR if STOP-BANG score ≥ 3. Few studies have examined whether postoperative complications are increased in HR patients and none have been described in oncologic patients. Objective. This retrospective study examined if HR patients experience increased complications evidenced by an increased length of stay (LOS in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU. Methods. We retrospectively measured LOS and the frequency of oxygen desaturation (<93% in cancer patients who were given the STOP-BANG questionnaire prior to cystoscopy for urologic disease in an ambulatory surgery center. Results. The majority of patients in our study were men (77.7%, over the age of 50 (90.1%, and had BMI < 30 kg/m2 (88.4%. STOP-BANG results were obtained on 404 patients. Cumulative incidence of the time to discharge between HR and the LR groups was plotted. By 8 hours, LR patients showed a higher cumulative probability of being discharged early (80% versus 74%, P=0.008. Conclusions. Urologic oncology patients at HR for OSA based on the STOP-BANG questionnaire were less likely to be discharged early from the PACU compared to LR patients.

Níveis de mercúrio em peixes consumidos pela comunidade indígena de Sai Cinza na Reserva Munduruku, Município de Jacareacanga, Estado do Pará, Brasil Mercury levels in fish consumed by the Sai Cinza indigenous community, Munduruku Reservation, Jacareacanga County, State of Pará, Brazil

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Edilson da Silva Brabo

1999-04-01

Full Text Available O estudo consiste em avaliar os níveis de mercúrio no pescado consumido pela comunidade indígena de Sai Cinza (Reserva Munduruku no Estado do Pará, e associá-los com os hábitos de consumo da população. Um total de oitenta espécimes de peixes foram capturados. As determinações de Hg foram realizadas por absorção atômica. A concentração média de Hg nas espécies carnívoras foi de 0,293 µg/g (DP = 0,104 enquanto nas não carnívoras foi de 0,112 µg/g (DP = 0,036. As espécies referidas como de maior consumo ente os 330 indivíduos entrevistados foram: tucunaré, pacu, jaraqui, traíra, aracu, matrinchã e caratinga. As espécies com concentrações mais elevadas de Hg foram tucunaré e traíra, que estão entre os peixes mais consumidos. A freqüência de consumo constitui-se num fator importante na avaliação de risco de contaminação por mercúrio em comunidades que não têm outras alternativas de alimentação.This study evaluated fish consumption and mercury levels in fish consumed by an indigenous community in the State of Pará. Eighty fish samples were collected (barbado, surubim, traíra, tucunaré, piranha, aruanã, caratinga, aracu, mandiá, jandiá, and pacu. Mercury analysis was performed using a Mercury Analyzer HG-3500. Average mercury concentration in carnivorous species was 0.293 µg/g (SD = 0.104, while in non-carnivorous species it was 0.112 µg/g (SD = 0.036. Brazilian legislation establishes a maximum permissible limit of 0.5 µg/g for fish consumption. No significant correlation was found between fish length or weight and mercury concentration. Types of fish most frequently consumed by the community were tucunaré, pacu, jaraqui, traíra, aracu, matrinchã, and caratinga. Carnivorous species, especially tucunaré and traíra, amongst the most frequently eaten, had higher mercury levels than non-carnivorous species. Frequency of consumption is crucial to assess the risk of mercury contamination in

Efficiency of spinal anesthesia versus general anesthesia for lumbar spinal surgery: a retrospective analysis of 544 patients

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Pierce JT

2017-10-01

Full Text Available John T Pierce,1 Guy Kositratna,2 Mark A Attiah,1 Michael J Kallan,3 Rebecca Koenigsberg,1 Peter Syre,1 David Wyler,4 Paul J Marcotte,1 W Andrew Kofke,1,2 William C Welch1 1Department of Neurosurgery, 2Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, 3Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 4Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Neurosurgery, Jefferson Hospital of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA Background: Previous studies have shown varying results in selected outcomes when directly comparing spinal anesthesia to general in lumbar surgery. Some studies have shown reduced surgical time, postoperative pain, time in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU, incidence of urinary retention, postoperative nausea, and more favorable cost-effectiveness with spinal anesthesia. Despite these results, the current literature has also shown contradictory results in between-group comparisons. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was performed by querying the electronic medical record database for surgeries performed by a single surgeon between 2007 and 2011 using procedural codes 63030 for diskectomy and 63047 for laminectomy: 544 lumbar laminectomy and diskectomy surgeries were identified, with 183 undergoing general anesthesia and 361 undergoing spinal anesthesia (SA. Linear and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify differences in blood loss, operative time, time from entering the operating room (OR until incision, time from bandage placement to exiting the OR, total anesthesia time, PACU time, and total hospital stay. Secondary outcomes of interest included incidence of postoperative spinal hematoma and death, incidence of paraparesis, plegia, post-dural puncture headache, and paresthesia, among the SA patients. Results: SA was associated with significantly lower operative time, blood loss, total anesthesia time, time

Communication Between Postdelivery Mothers in the PACU and Newborns in Israel.

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Qoussine, Sahar; Benbenishty, Julie; Penso, Sara; Kara, Itzik; Potasinko, Olga; Lerman, Yulia

2017-08-01

Perioperative, maternity, and newborn nurses discovered a solution using modern technology to facilitate earlier "connection" between postcesarean section mothers and their newborns using televised video conference (VC) or telemedicine. Videoconferencing used as a support in cases of separation after childbirth can facilitate a first "meeting" closer to the time of birth. The aim of this study was to design and validate the use of video conferencing to facilitate "bonding" between postdelivery cesarean delivery mothers who are separated from their infants. Mixed quantitative and qualitative. Mothers (n = 29) completed questionnaires investigating immediate postpartum needs for communication with their newborns. Questionnaire analysis revealed the primary need is connection and communication. The nursing team developed a VC system between postanesthesia care unit and newborn unit including nurse-mother instruction. Mothers (n = 10) were qualitatively queried regarding their VC experience. When prioritizing, mothers found the most important need is to see the infant. Eight themes were found: revelation, calming effect, closer look at the baby, video better than picture, excitement, short-timing sufficient, provision of strength, and confidence. The nursing team successfully coordinated new technologies to the hospital setting to fulfill mothers' needs. After evaluation of mothers' impressions, it was found that this technology is adaptable to hospital setting and postdelivery environment. Most importantly, this method contributes to improved well-being for postpartum mothers. Copyright © 2016 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Evidence utilisation project: Management of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia. The challenges of implementing best practice recommendations in the perioperative environment.

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Munday, Judy; Hines, Sonia Jane; Chang, Anne M

2013-12-01

The prevention of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (IPH) remains an important issue in perioperative healthcare. The aims of this project were to: (i) assess current clinical practice in the management of IPH and (ii) promote best practice in the management of IPH in adult operating theatres. This project from August 2010 to March 2012 utilised a system of audit and feedback to implement best practice recommendations. Data were collected via chart audits against criteria developed from best practice recommendations for managing IPH. Evidence-based best practices, such as consistent temperature monitoring and patient warming, were implemented using multifaceted interventions. Perioperative records for 73 patients (baseline) and 72 patients (post-implementation) were audited. Post-implementation audit showed an increase in patients with temperatures >36°C admitted to the post-anaesthetic care unit (PACU) (8%) and discharged from PACU (28%). The percentage of patients receiving preoperative temperature monitoring increased (38%); however, low levels of intraoperative monitoring remained (31% of patients with surgery of 30 min or longer duration). Small increases were found in patient warming of 5% intraoperatively and 8% postoperatively. Preoperative warming was not successfully implemented during this phase of the project. Temperature monitoring, warming and rates of normothermia improved; however, barriers to best practice of IPH management were experienced, which negatively impacted on the project. Further stages of implementation and audit were added to further address IPH management in this department. © 2013 The Authors. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare © 2013 The Joanna Briggs Institute.

Assessment of postoperative pain intensity by using photoplethysmography.

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Ling, Peng; Siyuan, Yu; Wei, Wei; Quan, Gong; Bo, Gao

2014-12-01

Timely assessment of acute postoperative pain is very important for pain management. No objective and reliable method to assess postoperative pain intensity exists till now. The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of photoplethysmography (PPG) signals in postoperative pain assessment. Thirty patients scheduled for elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were examined. Finger PPG signals and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were acquired before and 5, 10, 20, and 30 min after sufentanil administration when the patients were awake and transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). During each pain rating, the patient's blood pressure, heart rate, and pulse oxygen saturation were recorded. The amplitude of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) extracted from finger PPG signals were analyzed, and the ratio of AC and DC (AC/DC) was calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were built to assess the performance of AC and AC/DC to detect patients with VAS >4 in the PACU. After administration of sufentanil, VAS scores decreased significantly (p pain levels, but no obvious differences in blood pressures and heart rate. The area under the ROC curves were 0.754 for AC and 0.795 for AC/DC, respectively. The finger PPG signal can be used in acute postoperative pain assessment. Both AC/DC and AC had significant correlations with the pain rating levels, while blood pressure and heart rate were unreliable in pain assessment.

Obese patients: Respiratory complications in the post-anesthesia care unit

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J. Mendonça

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Obesity has been associated with respiratory complications, and the majority of these complications occur in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome and incidence of adverse respiratory events (AREs in obese patients during their stay in the PACU. Methods: We conducted a prospective control study that included 27 obese patients matched with an equal number of patients with body mass index (BMI  0,025. A análise multivariada identificou a obesidade e o bloqueio neuromuscular residual como fatores de risco independentes para a ocorrência de eventos respiratórios. A duração da estadia na UPA foi superior nos doentes obesos (120 min vs 84 min, p > 0,01. Conclusões: A incapacidade de respirar profundamente foi o ARE mais frequente no período pós-operatório imediato nos doentes obesos. A obesidade foi considerada um fator de risco independente para ocorrência de ARE na UPA. Os doentes obesos tiveram maior tempo de estadia na UPA mas não tiveram maior tempo de internamento hospitalar. Keywords: Obesity, Body mass index, Respiratory events, Postoperative outcome, Palavras chave: Obesidade, Índice de massa corporal, Eventos respiratórios, Resultados pós-operatórios

Genetic Diversity of Pinus nigra Arn. Populations in Southern Spain and Northern Morocco Revealed By Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Profiles

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Oussama Ahrazem

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Eight Pinus nigra Arn. populations from Southern Spain and Northern Morocco were examined using inter-simple sequence repeat markers to characterize the genetic variability amongst populations. Pair-wise population genetic distance ranged from 0.031 to 0.283, with a mean of 0.150 between populations. The highest inter-population average distance was between PaCU from Cuenca and YeCA from Cazorla, while the lowest distance was between TaMO from Morocco and MA Sierra Mágina populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA and Nei’s genetic diversity analyses revealed higher genetic variation within the same population than among different populations. Genetic differentiation (Gst was 0.233. Cuenca showed the highest Nei’s genetic diversity followed by the Moroccan region, Sierra Mágina, and Cazorla region. However, clustering of populations was not in accordance with their geographical locations. Principal component analysis showed the presence of two major groups—Group 1 contained all populations from Cuenca while Group 2 contained populations from Cazorla, Sierra Mágina and Morocco—while Bayesian analysis revealed the presence of three clusters. The low genetic diversity observed in PaCU and YeCA is probably a consequence of inappropriate management since no estimation of genetic variability was performed before the silvicultural treatments. Data indicates that the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR method is sufficiently informative and powerful to assess genetic variability among populations of P. nigra.

Effect of high-volume systematic local infiltration analgesia in Caesarean section

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Larsen, Klaus Richter; Kristensen, B B; Rasmussen, M A

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND: Pain after Caesarean section is often treated with opioids with a risk of side effects. Wound infiltration with local anaesthetics is effective and has few side effects, but volume vs. dose concentration has not been examined. METHODS: Ninety patients scheduled for elective Caesarean...... found concerning time spent in the PACU, to first mobilisation or in number of women with nausea/vomiting (P ≥ 0.05). No complications related to ropivacaine were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic infiltration with a high concentration, low volume compared with low concentration, high volume showed...

Fish farming of native species in Colombia: current situation and perspectives

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Cruz-Casallas, P. E.; Medina-Robles, V. M.; Velasco-Santamaria, Y. M.

2011-01-01

. The Colombian pisciculture is based on red Tilapia Oreochromis sp. (Linnaeus), Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and cachama blanca Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier), which currently represent around 96% of the total national production. The remaining 4% comes from other farmed species such as bocachico......In Colombia and the rest of the world, the decrease in capture fisheries production has turned the aquaculture into an alternative source of protein for the populations food security as well as an important productive activity, generating employment and income for the rural communities...... Prochilodus magdalenae (Steindachner), carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) and yamu Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz). From the three main fish species, cachama blanca is the only native species, which has shown excellent performance in pond farming due to its rusticity, omnivorous habits, docility, meat quality...

Haloperidol dose combined with dexamethasone for PONV prophylaxis in high-risk patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, dose-response and placebo-controlled study.

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Joo, Jin; Park, Yong Gyu; Baek, Jungwon; Moon, Young Eun

2015-07-08

Low-dose haloperidol is known to be effective for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). However, precise dose-response studies have not been completed, especially in patients at high risk for PONV who require combination therapy. This study sought to identify which dose of haloperidol 1mg or 2mg could be combined with dexamethasone without adverse effects in high-risk patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Female adults (n = 150) with three established PONV risk factors based on Apfel's score were randomized into one of three study groups. At the end of anesthesia, groups H0, H1, and H2 were given intravenous (IV) saline, haloperidol 1 mg, and haloperidol 2 mg, respectively. All patients were given dexamethasone 5 mg during the induction of anesthesia. The overall early (0-2 h) and late (2-24 h) incidences of nausea, vomiting, rescue anti-emetic administration, pain, and adverse effects (cardiac arrhythmias and extrapyramidal effects) were assessed postoperatively. The sedation score was recorded in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). The total incidence of PONV over 24 h was significantly lower in groups H1 (29 %) and H2 (24 %) than in group H0 (54 %; P = 0.003), but there was no significant difference between groups H1 and H2. In the PACU, group H2 had a higher sedation score than groups H1 and H0 (P haloperidol was equally effective as 2 mg in terms of preventing PONV with the less sedative effect. ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01639599 ).

Pharmacodynamic Comparison of Rocuronium Bromide between Patients from the Plateau Area and from the Plain Area.

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Xie, Min; Huang, Jianxin; Li, Peng; Ou, Zhiyan; Hou, Jing

2016-06-23

We aimed to conduct a pharmacodynamic comparison of rocuronium bromide between patients from the plateau area and from the plain area. A total of 104 patients who received laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and Aba Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital from October 2015 to December 2015 were included in this study. Among them, 46 patients were from the plateau area and 58 were from the plain area. Both groups received total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with a dose of 0.6mg/kg rocuronium bromide during induction. In the meantime, neuromuscular block was monitored using a train-of-four (TOF) stimulation mode. The onset time (time to achieve the lowest TOF value after the injection of rocuronium bromide), duration of maximal neuromuscular block (duration of lowest T1 value), time to 25% recovery, time to 75% recovery, recovery index (time from 25% recovery to 75% recovery), time to extubation, length of stay in Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and muscle strength upon PACU discharge were all recorded. The onset time, time to 25% recovery, time to 75% recovery and time to extubation were all significantly prolonged in patients from the plateau area after receiving one single dose of rocuronium bromide (P0.05). Compared to patients from the plain area, patients from the plateau area showed prolonged onset time of rocuronium bromide, reduced metabolic capabilities and longer duration of muscular relaxation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Using a Critical Incident Scenario With Virtual Humans to Assess Educational Needs of Nurses in a Postanesthesia Care Unit.

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White, Casey; Chuah, Joon; Robb, Andrew; Lok, Benjamin; Lampotang, Samsun; Lizdas, David; Martindale, James; Pi, Guillermo; Wendling, Adam

2015-01-01

During critical incidents, teamwork failures can compromise patient safety. This study provides evidence that virtual humans can be used in simulated critical incidents to assess the learning needs of health professionals, and provide important information that can inform the development of continuing education programs in patient safety. We explored the effectiveness of information transfer during a devolving medical situation between postanesthesia care unit (PACU) nurses and a virtual attending physician. We designed a three-stage scenario: tutorial, patient transfer, and critical incident. We developed 2 checklists to assess information transfer: Critical Patient Information and Interprofessional Communication Skills. All participants were videotaped; 2 raters reviewed all videos and assessed performance using the checklists. Participants (n = 43) who completed all 3 stages scored 62.3% correct on critical patient information transfer and 61.6% correct on interprofessional communication skills. Almost 87% missed a fatal drug error. The checklists measured each item on a 1/0 (done/not) calculation. Additionally, no relationship was found between years of nursing experience and performance on either checklist. The PACU nurses in this study did not consistently share critical information with an attending (virtual) physician during a critical incident, and most missed a fatal dosage error. These findings strongly suggest a crucial need for additional structured team training among practicing health care teams, and they demonstrate the utility of using virtual humans to simulate team members. © 2015 The Alliance for Continuing Education in the Health Professions, the Society for Academic Continuing Medical Education, and the Council on Continuing Medical Education, Association for Hospital Medical Education.

New technique targeting the C5 nerve root proximal to the traditional interscalene sonoanatomical approach is analgesic for outpatient arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

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Dobie, Katherine H; Shi, Yaping; Shotwell, Matthew S; Sandberg, Warren S

2016-11-01

Regional anesthesia and analgesia for shoulder surgery is most commonly performed via interscalene nerve block. We developed an ultrasound-guided technique that specifically targets the C5 nerve root proximal to the traditional interscalene block and assessed its efficacy for shoulder analgesia. Prospective case series. Vanderbilt Bone and Joint Surgery Center. Patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy at an ambulatory surgery center. Thirty-five outpatient shoulder arthroscopy patients underwent an analgesic nerve block using a new technique where ultrasound visualization of the C5 nerve root served as the primary target at a level proximal to the traditional interscalene approach. The block was performed with 15mL of 0.5% plain ropivicaine. Post anesthesia care unit pain scores, opioid consumption, hand strength, and duration of block were recorded. Cadaver dissection after injection with methylene blue confirmed that the primary target under ultrasound visualization was the C5 nerve root. Pain scores revealed 97% patients had 0/10 pain at arrival to PACU, with 91% having a pain score of 3/10 or less at discharge from PACU. Medical Research Council (MRC) hand strength mean (SD) score was 4.17 (0.92) on a scale of 1-5. The mean (SD) duration of the block was 13.9 (3.5) hours. A new technique for ultrasound-guided blockade at the level of the C5 nerve root proximal to the level of the traditional interscalene block is efficacious for shoulder post-operative pain control. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Decree of anaesthesia of 1994, day surgery and medical responsibility: necessary reflections on the inevitable conciliation between regulations and recommendations].

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Bontemps, G; Daver, C; Ecoffey, C

2014-12-01

Day surgery is often considered as a marker of the necessity of reorganizing the hospital to take care globally and so better meet the expectations of improvement of the management of patients. But the actual deployment of day surgery can also act as a real revelation of the stakes of conciliation between the regulations, which supervise professional practices and organization, and the functioning of hospitals. Between the regulations supervising hospitals and professional practices and the place of the recommendations, between the general legal framework of the medical activity and specific legal framework (decree of anesthesia of 1994) and the Evidence-Based Medicine, the pretext of the improvement of the patient flow in day surgery, recommended by several institutions (Sfar, ANAP, HAS), questions about the legal obligation of the passage of all the patients in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Seen under the angle of a legal action against a medical doctor, the study of the French jurisprudence reveals that every practitioner has to respect the recommendations and the Evidence-Based Medicine, and this in the standardized frame of the MD's activity and the respect for a very strict legal environment. The question of an obvious conciliation between all these measures arises today clearly. In the case of a potential conflict, the key of resolution, based only on legal standards (constitution, laws, decrees), is not enough for arbitrating. Applying that the only respect for the decree of anesthesia would be enough for exempting itself from any contentious risk does not satisfy more. There is a real difficulty defining the legal precise nature of the recommendations, so best practices as better organization, which are more and more frequently. Even if these recommendations originally had not their place in the hierarchy of the legal standards, they are brought in there today. There is a real brake in the deployment of the day surgery because the strict respect for

Independent risk factors for postoperative pain in need of intervention early after awakening from general anaesthesia.

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Mei, Wei; Seeling, Matthes; Franck, Martin; Radtke, Finn; Brantner, Benedikt; Wernecke, Klaus-Dieter; Spies, Claudia

2010-02-01

Despite advances in postoperative pain management, the proportion of patients with moderate to severe postoperative pain is still ranging 20-80%. In this retrospective study, we investigated 1736 patients to determine the incidence of postoperative pain in need of intervention (PPINI)defined as numeric rating scale >4 at rest in the post anaesthesia care unit early after awakening from general anaesthesia, and to identify possible risk factors. The proportion of patients with PPINI was 28.5%. On multivariate analysis, younger age (OR=1.300 [1.007-1.678], p=0.044), female gender (OR=1.494 [1.138-1.962], p=0.004), obesity (OR=1.683 [1.226-2.310], p=0.001), use of nitrous oxide (OR=1.621 [1.110-2.366], p=0.012), longer duration of surgery (OR=1.165 [1.050-1.292], p=0.004), location of surgery (musculoskeletal OR=2.026 [1.326-3.095], p=0.001; intraabdominal OR=1.869 [1.148-3.043], p=0.012), and ASA-PS I-II (OR=1.519 [1.131-2.039], P=0.005) were identified as independent risk factors for PPINI. Patients with PPINI experienced significantly more PONV (10.3% vs. 6.2%, p=0.003), more psychomotor agitation (5.5% vs. 2.7%, p=0.004), needed more application of opioid in PACU (62.8% vs. 24.2%, p<0.001), stayed significantly longer in PACU (89.6min [70-120] vs. 80min [60-100], p<0.001), had a longer median length of hospital stay (6.6 days [4.0-8.8] vs. 6.0 days [3.2-7.8

Remifentanil in combination with ketamine versus remifentanil in spinal fusion surgery--a double blind study.

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Hadi, B A; Al Ramadani, R; Daas, R; Naylor, I; Zelkó, R

2010-08-01

This study is aimed at conducting a program for two different anesthetic methods used during a spinal fusion surgery to ensure better intra-operative hemodynamic stability and post-operative pain control. A prospective, randomized, double blind study in patients scheduled for spinal fusion surgery, who were randomly allocated to two groups, G1 and G2, (n = 15 per group), class I-II ASA, was carried out. Both groups received pre-operatively midazolam, followed intra-operatively by propofol, sevoflurane, atracurium, and either remifentanil infusion 0.2 microg/kg/min (G1), or the same dose of remifentanil infusion and low doses of ketamine infusion 1 microg/kg/min (G2) anesthetics, antidote medication and post-operative morphine doses. HR, MAP, vital signs, surgical bleeding, urine output, duration of surgery and duration of anesthesia were recorded. In a 24-h recovery period in a post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) the recovery time, the first pain score and analgesic requirements were measured. Intra-operative HR and arterial BP were significantly less (p < 0.05) in G1 as compared to G2. In the PACU the first pain scores were significantly less (p < 0.05) in G2 than in G1. The time for the first patient analgesia demand dose was greater in G2, as also morphine consumption which was greater in G1 than G2 (p < 0.05). Other results were the same. None of the patients had any adverse drug reaction. Adding low doses of ketamine hydrochloride could be a routine therapy to improve the hemodynamic stability and reduce the post-operative morphine consumption during spinal fusion surgery.

Ketamine as an adjunct to postoperative pain management in opioid tolerant patients after spinal fusions: a prospective randomized trial.

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Urban, Michael K; Ya Deau, Jacques T; Wukovits, Barbara; Lipnitsky, Jane Y

2008-02-01

Management of acute postoperative pain is challenging, particularly in patients with preexisting narcotic dependency. Ketamine has been used at subanesthetic doses as a N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist to block the processing of nociceptive input in chronic pain syndromes. This prospective randomized study was designed to assess the use of ketamine as an adjunct to acute pain management in narcotic tolerant patients after spinal fusions. Twenty-six patients for 1-2 level posterior lumbar fusions with segmental instrumentation were randomly assigned to receive ketamine or act as a control. Patients in the ketamine group received 0.2 mg/kg on induction of general anesthesia and then 2 mcg kg(-1) hour(-1) for the next 24 hours. Patients were extubated in the operating room and within 15 minutes of arriving in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) were started on intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) hydromorphone without a basal infusion. Patients were assessed for pain (numerical rating scale [NRS]), narcotic use, level of sedation, delirium, and physical therapy milestones until discharge. The ketamine group had significantly less pain during their first postoperative hour in the PACU (NRS 4.8 vs 8.7) and continued to have less pain during the first postoperative day at rest (3.6 vs 5.5) and with physical therapy (5.6 vs 8.0). Three patients in the control group failed PCA pain management and were converted to intravenous ketamine infusions when their pain scores improved. Patients in the ketamine group required less hydromorphone than the control group, but the differences were not significant. Subanesthetic doses of ketamine reduced postoperative pain in narcotic tolerant patients undergoing posterior spine fusions.

Postoperative delirium: age and low functional reserve as independent risk factors.

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Pinho, Cristiana; Cruz, Sofia; Santos, Alice; Abelha, Fernando J

2016-09-01

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of postoperative delirium (POD) and the presence of previous conditions related to its development. Prospective observational study. The study was performed in adult patients (n=221) scheduled for elective surgery and admitted to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). The presence of POD was assessed by the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale at discharge from the PACU and 24hours after surgery. Descriptive analyses were carried out, and statistical comparisons were performed with Mann-Whitney U, χ(2), or Fisher exact test. Logistic regression analysis was used for evaluation of independent determinants of POD. POD was found in 25 patients (11%). Patients who developed POD were older (median age, 69 vs 57years; P<.001); had a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score (≥3) (60% vs 19%, respectively, had American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status III/IV; P<.001); and showed higher incidences of ischemic heart disease (24% vs 6%; P=.001), chronic kidney disease (20% vs 5%; P=.005), hypertension (80% vs 45%; P=.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (20% vs 6%; P=.009), and low functional reserve (LFR) (24% vs 2%; P<.001). Age (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.10; P=.003) and LFR (odds ratio, 8.04; 95% confidence interval, 3.95-32.27; P=.003) were considered independent risk factors for POD. The incidence of POD in the study population (11%) is consistent with that described in the literature (5%-15%). The comorbidities associated with its development were ischemic heart disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, LFR, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Age ≥65years and LFR were independent risk factors for POD development. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Infusion Compared with that of Fentanyl in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery under General Anesthesia.

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Abdel Hamid, Mona Hossam Eldin

2017-01-01

Anesthesia for arthroscopic shoulder surgery is challenging due to the need for oligaemic surgical field as well as a good postoperative recovery profile. The present study was prospective, randomized to evaluate the efficacy of dexmdetomidine infusion compared to that of fentanyl in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia. A total of 60 patients aged from thirty to fifty years, American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I/II of either sex for arthroscopic shoulder surgery, were included. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Group I received dexmedetomidine loading 1 μg/kg over 10 min followed by maintenance 0.5 μg/kg/h and Group II Fentanyl loading 1 μg/kg followed by maintenance 0.5 μg/kg/h. Hemodynamic readings (Heart rate HR, and mean arterial blood pressure MAP) were recorded after the start of the study drug infusion (T1), after intubation (T2), then every 15 minutes till the end of surgery (T15, T30, T45, T60, T75, T90). In the PACU, MAP, and HR were recorded on arrival, after 30 min, 1 hr, and 2 hrs (R0, R30, R1 hr, R2 hr) Postoperative analgesia was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS), Modified Observers's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation OAA/S was recorded on arrival to PACU. This study showed that in the dexmedatomidine group there was statistically significant decrease of MAP and HR after drug infusion up to two hours in the recovery period, more sedation, better control of pain and surgeon satisfaction. Iv infusion of dexamedatomidine may be an attractive option during arthroscopic shoulder surgery as it provided a better hypotensive anesthesia by lowering MAP and HR which leads to better surgical field and surgeon satisfaction than iv infusion fentanyl along with a better postoperative VAS.

Prevalência e fatores preditivos de retenção urinária diagnosticada por ultrassonografia no período pós-anestésico imediato Prevalencia y factores predictivos de retención urinaria diagnosticada por ultrasonido en el período postanestésico inmediato Prevalence and predictive factors of urinary retention assessed by ultrasound in the immediate post-anesthetic period

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Adilson José Dal Mago

2010-08-01

factores independientes de previsión para su aparecimiento. MÉTODO: Doscientos cincuenta y siete pacientes admitidos en la SRPA fueron prospectivamente incluidos en el estudio. Las variables recolectadas incluyeron: edad, sexo, estado físico, local de la cirugía, tipo de anestesia, tiempos quirúrgico y anestésico, uso o no de opioides, volumen de fluidos administrados, e historial previo de síntomas urinarios. Las medidas del volumen vesical fueron realizadas por ultrasonido, en la entrada y en el alta de la SRPA. El criterio para caracterizar la retención urinaria fue el volumen vesical igual o mayor que 600 mL, asociado a la incapacidad de micción espontánea 30 minutos después del diagnóstico. Los análisis univariados y multivariados fueron utilizados para identificar los factores predictivos independientes. RESULTADOS: Ocurrió una retención urinaria en 19 pacientes (7,39%. Los factores predictivos independientes identificados fueron el volumen urinario igual o mayor que 360 mL en la admisión a la SRPA (Cui-cuadrado de Mantel-Haenszel (1 gl. = 18,76; p BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urinary retention is a common condition in the post-anesthetic care unit (PACU. Vesical overdistension and consequent damage of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder represent situations that can be prevented. The ultrasound allows the reliable measurement of the urinary volume, determining the prevalence of postoperative vesical distension. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of postoperative urinary retention and identify independent predictive factors. METHODS: Two-hundred and fifty-seven patients admitted to the PACU were included prospectively in this study. Parameters collected included: age, gender, physical status, site of surgery, type of anesthesia, time of the surgery and anesthesia, use of opioids, volume of fluids administered, and history of urinary symptoms. Vesical volumes were measured by ultrasound after admission and upon

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RICARDO Y. SADO

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Intensive fish production systems are characterized by 100% artificial feeding, so any dietary imbalances or deficiencies may lead to diseases outbreaks and economic losses. This study was set out to determine the effects of increasing levels of dietary vitamin E on growth and hematology of juvenile pacu. Fishes were fed for 90 days, twice a day until apparent satiation with semi-purified diets containing 0.0; 25; 50; 150; 300 or 600 mg.kg−1 diet DL-α-tocopheryl acetate in a completely randomized design trial (n=4; biometrical and hematological data were collected and analyzed. Fishes fed with vit E diet (150 mg.kg−1 showed higher (pSistemas intensivos de produção utilizam 100% de dietas artificiais sendo que, qualquer imbalanço ou deficiência de algum nutriente pode ocasionar surtos de doenças e perdas econômicas. O presente estudo determinou o efeito de níveis crescentes de vitamina E na dieta sobre o desempenho e hematologia de juvenis de pacu. Os peixes foram alimentados por 90 dias até aparente saciedade com dietas semi purificadas contendo 0,0; 25; 50; 150; 300 ou 600 mg.kg−1 de DL-α-tocoferil-acetato, rações em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (n=4. Parâmetros de desempenho e hematológicos foram coletados e analisados. Peixes alimentados com ração de 150 mg.kg−1 de vit E apresentaram maior ganho de peso (p<0,05 e taxa de crescimento específico. Hematócrito, número de eritroblastos e proteina total plasmática foram maiores (p<0,05 nos peixes alimentados com a dieta insenta de vitamina E. O suplemento de vitamina E em dietas artificiais é essencial para o crescimento e a manutenção da eritropoiese nos valores normais para a espécie.

Nurses are everywhere: a practical perspective on the surgical team in managing postoperative ileus.

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Saufl, Nancy M; Strzyzewski, Nancy

2006-04-01

Because the availability of new, peripherally acting mu-opioid-receptor antagonists is expected soon, it is important for all members of the surgical team to familiarize themselves with new approaches and also re-evaluate older approaches to help improve patient outcomes. "Preop nurses" have numerous responsibilities, among which are mitigating some of the adverse outcomes of surgery such as postoperative ileus (POI), making these nursing personnel indispensable to the proper implementation of multimodal management protocols for POI. Establishing basic preoperative procedures is an important primary consideration. Preoperative evaluation of general health, medical history (including surgical history), and an assessment of gastrointestinal (GI) function and habits should all be part of careful up-front assessment for each patient, especially because POI and other GI adverse effects are so often encountered in the PACU. Hand-in-hand with how we as nurses interact with our surgical colleagues is patient education regarding hospitalization and postrecovery expectations. PACU nurses will be key players in maintaining proper implementation of multimodal regimens, essentially doing this in two "phases": Phase I interventions comprise the ongoing assessment and monitoring of patients, administering medications, and evaluating patient satisfaction and overall status; Phase II considerations encompass a further set of practice guidelines that center on optimizing discharge status, including pain management and education as well as other discharge needs. Where new agents may fit into multimodal regimens that optimally incorporate preoperative and postanesthesia protocols remains to be determined. What is clear is that as nurses and the entire surgical team strive to enhance patient satisfaction, nursing personnel must assume leadership roles in how new multimodal strategies are implemented and executed. Advanced clinical data for the new peripherally acting mu

Body temperature change during anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy: implications for quality incentives in anesthesiology.

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Modell, Jerome H; Gravenstein, Nikolaus; Morey, Timothy E

2008-11-01

The American Society of Anesthesiologists has announced that perioperative normothermia is a "Quality Incentive in Anesthesiology." We examined whether we could meet this quality incentive in a simple population: patients undergoing anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We compared infrared-measured ear temperature before anesthesia to temperature upon delivery of patients to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) after 101 consecutive brief anesthetics to facilitate ECT. For 35 procedures, the patients had an infrared ear thermometer temperature of measures were substandard. Also, current methods of measuring temperature may be inadequate to ascertain if patients are hypothermic after surgery. As the avoidance of hypothermia is a meritorious goal, anesthesia departments need to ensure that their temperature monitoring equipment is adequate to ensure accurate measurement of postanesthetic temperature if this variable is to be used as a quality incentive.

The postoperative handover: a focus group interview study with nurse anaesthetists, anaesthesiologists and PACU nurses.

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Randmaa, Maria; Engström, Maria; Swenne, Christine Leo; Mårtensson, Gunilla

2017-08-04

To investigate different professionals' (nurse anaesthetists', anaesthesiologists', and postanaesthesia care unit nurses') descriptions of and reflections on the postoperative handover. A focus group interview study with a descriptive design using qualitative content analysis of transcripts. One anaesthetic clinic at two hospitals in Sweden. Six focus groups with 23 healthcare professionals involved in postoperative handovers. Each group was homogeneous regarding participant profession, resulting in two groups per profession: nurse anaesthetists (n=8), anaesthesiologists (n=7) and postanaesthesia care unit nurses (n=8). Patterns and five categories emerged: (1) having different temporal foci during handover, (2) insecurity when information is transferred from one team to another, (3) striving to ensure quality of the handover, (4) weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the bedside handover and (5) having different perspectives on the transfer of responsibility. The professionals' perceptions of the postoperative handover differed with regard to temporal foci and transfer of responsibility. All professional groups were insecure about having all information needed to ensure the quality of care. They strived to ensure quality of the handover by: focusing on matters that deviated from the normal course of events, aiding memory through structure and written information and cooperating within and between teams. They reported that the bedside handover enhances their control of the patient but also that it could threaten the patient's privacy and that frequent interruptions could be disturbing. The present findings revealed variations in different professionals' views on the postoperative handover. Healthcare interventions are needed to minimise the gap between professionals' perceptions and practices and to achieve a shared understanding of postoperative handover. Furthermore, to ensure high-quality and safe care, stakeholders/decision makers need to pay attention to the environment and infrastructure in postanaesthesia care. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

A pesca de pequena escala no rio Madeira pelos desembarques ocorridos em Manicoré (Estado do Amazonas, Brasil Small-scale fishery at Madeira River by fish landings in Manicoré city (Amazon State, Brazil

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Renato Soares Cardoso

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o desembarque da pesca comercial na região do Médio rio Madeira, tendo como área focal o município de Manicoré, buscando identificar as espécies explotadas, os locais de pesca e sua contribuição para o abastecimento local de pescado. O desembarque foi amostrado diariamente, utilizando questionários aplicados aos pescadores após a comercialização do pescado. Foram desembarcadas no ano de 2002 aproximadamente 225,4 toneladas de pescado. Canoas motorizadas efetuaram mais expedições de pesca, entretanto os barcos de pesca desembarcaram uma maior produção. Os valores médios de desembarque foram de 11,2; 5,4 e 2,4 toneladas por mês para barcos, canoas e compradores de pescado respectivamente, sendo as capturas compostas por 32 espécies ou grupo de espécies, sendo jaraqui (Semaprochilodus spp, pacu (Mylossoma duriventre, curimatá (Prochilodus nigricans, sardinha (Triportheus spp e jatuarana (Brycon spp, responsáveis por 75% do pescado desembarcado. Foram identificados 32 locais de pesca, sendo os mais explotados os rios Madeira e Manicoré, os lagos Acará e Boquerão e o igarapé Matupiri.The study aimed to analyze the landing of commercial fishing in Middle Madeira River, near Manicoré city, identifying the exploited species, fishing grounds and the contribution for the local supplying of fish. Fish landings were sampled daily, using questionnaires, given to fishermen after the fish sale. In 2002, 225.4 tons of fish were landed in Manicoré city. Motorized canoes undertook more fishing trips, but the higher fish landings were accomplished by boats. Mean values of fish landings were 11.2 tons/month, 5.4 tons/month and 2.4 tons/month for boats, motorized canoes and fish purchasers, respectively. 32 species or group of species were landed, with a predominance of jaraqui (Semaprochilodus spp, pacu (Mylossoma duriventre, curimatá (Prochilodus nigricans, sardinha (Triportheus spp e jatuarana

Cooking process evaluation on mercury content in fish Influência do processo de cocção no teor de mercúrio em peixes

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Luciana Aparecida Farias

2010-12-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated different cooking processes (roasted, cooked and fried on total mercury (Hg content in fish species most consumed by Manaus residents and surrounding communities, Amazon region. The results obtained for total Hg in natura and after the three types of preparation (roasted, cooked and fried for 12 fish species showed a significant Hg concentration variation. In the present study the cooked and frying processes resulted in higher Hg losses for Pacu, Pescada, Jaraqui, Curimatã, Surubin and Aruanã fish species, most of them presenting detritivorous and carnivorous feeding habits. The higher Hg losses in the roasting process occurred for Sardinha, Aracu, Tucunaré, Pirapitinga, Branquinha and Tambaqui fish species, most of them being omnivorous and herbivorous fish species. Some micronutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Na, Se and Zn in fish species in natura were also determined in order to perform a nutritional evaluation regarding these micronutrients.O presente estudo avaliou três diferentes processos de cocção (assado, cozido e frito e sua relação com o teor de mercúrio total (Hg em espécies de peixes comumente consumidas pela população de Manaus e comunidades vizinhas da região Amazônica. Os resultados obtidos para Hg total in natura (antes e após os três tipos de preparo (assado, cozido e frito para as 12 espécies de peixes selecionadas apresentaram uma significativa variação na concentração. Os processos de cozimento e fritura resultaram em maiores perdas de Hg para as espécies Pacu, Pescada, Jaraqui, Curimatã, Surubin e Aruanã sendo a maioria delas classificadas como espécies detritívoras e carnívoras. As maiores perdas de Hg no processo assado ocorreram para as espécies Sardinha, Aracu, Tucunaré, Pirapitinga, Branquinha e Tambaqui, a maioria classificadas como espécies omnivoras e herbivoras. Alguns micronutrientes (Ca, Fe, K, Na, Se e Zn nas espécies de peixes in natura foram determinados com o objetivo

Application effects of dexmedetomidine combined with sevoflurane for anesthesia in short operations in children with burn injury

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Jin-xin WANG

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Objective 　To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine combined with sevoflurane for anesthesia in short operations in pediatric burn patients. Methods 　Forty hospitalized children undergoing short operation for burn injury were allocated to sevoflurane group (S group or sevoflurane combined dexmedetomidine group (group D(20 patients each. Children in group D inhaled 8% sevoflurane in the beginning until loss of eyelash reflex, and then the density of sevoflurane was reduced to 3% for maintenance, 5μg/(kg.h of dexmedetomidine was pumped for 10 mins, then the density was reduced to 0.5μg/(kg.h. Then operation was started herewith till to the end. Children in group S received sevoflurane anethesia alone, and dexmedetomidine was replaced by the same volume of physiological saline. Additional 3mg/kg propofol was injected when anesthesia was inadequate. During the procedure, HR, MAP, SpO2 and Ramsay scale were recorded at baseline (T1, loss of eyelash reflex (T2, 5min after the start of operation (T4, 10min (T5 and the end of operation (T6. The operation time, anethesia time, propofol consumption, case of respiratory depression and pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale (PAED in pediatric anesthesia care unit (PACU were recorded. Results 　There was no significant difference in operation time between the two groups. Intraoperative SpO2 was higher in group D than in group S (P<0.05, respiratory inhibition occurred in 4 cases of group D and 10 cases of group S (P<0.05. Propofol consumption was less and the operation time was longer in group D than in group S (P<0.05. At T3-T6, the MAP and HR were lower, but the Ramsay scale was higher in group D than in group S (P<0.05. In PACU, PAED scale was lower in group D than in group S (P<0.05. Conclusions 　Dexmedetomidine combined with sevoflurane for anesthesia for short burn surgery in children not only stabilize hemodynamic parameters but also reduce the impact to respiration

Ankle Block vs Single-Shot Popliteal Fossa Block as Primary Anesthesia for Forefoot Operative Procedures: Prospective, Randomized Comparison.

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Schipper, Oliver N; Hunt, Kenneth J; Anderson, Robert B; Davis, W Hodges; Jones, Carroll P; Cohen, Bruce E

2017-11-01

Postoperative pain is often difficult to control with oral medications, requiring large doses of opioid analgesia. Regional anesthesia may be used for primary anesthesia, reducing the need for general anesthetic and postoperative pain medication requirements in the immediate postoperative period. The purpose of this study was to compare the analgesic effects of an ankle block (AB) to a single-shot popliteal fossa block (PFB) for patients undergoing orthopedic forefoot procedures. All patients having elective outpatient orthopedic forefoot procedures were invited to participate in the study. Patients were prospectively randomized to receive either an ultrasound-guided AB or PFB by a board-certified anesthesiologist prior to their procedure. Intraoperative conversion to general anesthesia and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) opioid requirements were recorded. Postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) at regular time intervals until 8 am on postoperative day (POD) 2. Patients rated the effectiveness of the block on a 1 to 5 scale, with 5 being very effective. A total of 167 patients participated in the study with 88 patients (53%) receiving an AB and 79 (47%) receiving a single-shot PFB. There was no significant difference in the rate of conversion to general anesthesia between the 2 groups (13.6% [12/88] AB vs 12.7% [10/79] PFB). PACU morphine requirements and doses were significantly reduced in the PFB group ( P = .004) when compared to the AB group. The VAS was also significantly lower for the PFB patients at 10 pm on POD 0 (4.6 vs 1.6, P block site pain and/or erythema (AB 6.9% [6/88] vs PFB 5.1% [4/79], P = .44). The analgesic effect of the PFB lasted significantly longer when compared to the ankle block (AB 14.5 hours vs PFB 20.9 hours, P block between the 2 groups, with both blocks being highly effective (AB 4.79/5 vs PFB 4.82/5, P = .68). Regional anesthesia was a safe and reliable adjunct to perioperative pain management and highly

Combined Sciatic and Lumbar Plexus Nerve Blocks for the Analgesic Management of Hip Arthroscopy Procedures: A Retrospective Review.

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Jaffe, J Douglas; Morgan, Theodore Ross; Russell, Gregory B

2017-06-01

Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive alternative to open hip surgery. Despite its minimally invasive nature, there can still be significant reported pain following these procedures. The impact of combined sciatic and lumbar plexus nerve blocks on postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy was investigated. A retrospective analysis of 176 patients revealed that compared with patients with no preoperative peripheral nerve block, significant reductions in pain scores to 24 hours were reported and decreased opioid consumption during the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay was recorded; no significant differences in opioid consumption out to 24 hours were discovered. A subgroup analysis comparing two approaches to the sciatic nerve block in patients receiving the additional lumbar plexus nerve block failed to reveal a significant difference for this patient population. We conclude that peripheral nerve blockade can be a useful analgesic modality for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy.

Reasons for Cancellation of Cases on the Day of Surgery-A Prospective Study

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Rakesh Garg

2009-01-01

We believe that many of the on-the-day surgery cancellations of elective surgery were potentially avoidable. We observed that cancellations due to lack of theatre time were not only a scheduling problem but were mainly caused by surgeons underestimating the timeneeded for the operation. The requirement of the instruments necessary for scheduled surgical listshould be discussed a day prior to planned OR list and arranged. The non-availability of the surgeon should be informed in time so that another case is substituted in that slot. All patients who have met PACU discharge criteria must be discharged promptly to prevent delay in shifting out of the operated patient. Day care patients should be counseled adequately to report on time. Computerized scheduling should be utilized to create a realistic elective schedule. Audit should be carried out at regular intervals to find out the effective functioning of the operation theatre.

Ichthyouris voltagrandensis n.sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) from Myleus tiete Eigenmann & Norris, 1900 (Osteichthyes: Characidae) in the Volta Grande Reservoir, MG, Brazil.

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Martins, M L; Yoshitoshi, E R; Umekita, H

2001-05-01

The present work studied helminth parasites of "pacu-manteiga", Myleus tiete (Osteichthyes: Characidae) from Volta Grande Reservoir, MG, Brazil. Fishes with 142.6 +/- 24.7 g weight and 17.3 +/- 1.0 cm total length were collected. Five out six analysed fish (prevalence 83.3%) were parasitized in the intestine with an average of 535.6 +/- 334.6 oxyurid nematodes per fish. The helminth was identified as Ichthyouris voltagrandensis n.sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae). It differs from I. brasiliensis (Moravec et al., 1992a) by the absence of lateral alae, higher measures of tail and caudal alae of males, esophageal isthmus length, distance of excretory pore from anterior end and spicule length. In addition, eggs were provided by two long filaments in just one pole and by the first time the authors observed flagellate spermatozoa from dissected males. The authors exposes comparative table of measures of the five described species of the genus Ichthyouris.

Valoración económica de bienes públicos: estudio de caso del río Lerma, La Piedad, Michoacán

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Faustino Gómez Sántiz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available el tramo del río Lerma, que atraviesa la zona metropoli-tana de La Piedad de Cabadas, Michoacán-Santa Ana Pacue-co, Guanajuato, tiene una longitud de 12.8 km. Actualmenteestá convertido en un canal de desechos, que ha incididoen la aparición de fuertes problemas de salud pública. Eneste estudio se utilizó el método de valoración contingentey el modelo logit para determinar el valor económico totalde este bien ambiental, y para analizar las variables de ladecisión sobre la disposición a pagar una contribución pararealizar mejoras, por parte de los beneficiarios de él. Dichovalor se estimó en más de 4 millones de pesos anuales, estoindica que de realizarse mejoras ambientales, la poblaciónse beneficiaría en la medida en que se lograra mitigar losefectos de la contaminación.

PATIENT POSITION AS A POSSIBLE RISK FACTOR FOR POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING (PONV IN GYNECOLOGIC LAPAROSCOPY

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Aleksandar Ćirić

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV are still a significant problem in modern anesthetic practice. Discomfort caused by PONV intensifies other unpleasant elements of recovery, such as pain, frustration or fear. PONV also generates aversion to future anesthesia and have a negative impact on staff and patient's family. PONV can increase the cost of completing a surgical procedure, because it extends the time a patient spends in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU or delay discharge of ambulatory patients. It is generally accepted that the incidence of PONV after general anesthesia for various types of surgery in the last decade is still between 20-30%, and 70% in laparoscopic abdominal surgery. The incidence is three times higher in females compared to males. Many factors are involved in triggering PONV, such as patientrelated factors, the type of surgery, anesthesia management, etc. The results of this study suggest that the patient positioning (modified supine lithotomy position with ''Trendelenburg" increases the risk of PONV in gynecologic laparoscopy.

ESTABILIDADE QUÍMICA E MICROBIOLÓGICA DE "MINCED FISH" DE PEIXES AMAZÔNICOS DURANTE O CONGELAMENTO

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JESUS Rogério Souza de

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Foi estudada a estabilidade química e microbiológica de "minced fish" produzidos, em condições industriais, com espécies de peixes da Amazônia: aracú-comum (Schizodon fasciatus, branquinha-comum (Potamorhina latior, branquinha-de-cabeça-lisa (P. altamazonica, curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans, jaraqui-de-escama-fina (Semaprochilodus taeniurus, jaraqui-de-escama-grossa (S. insignis, mapará (Hypophthalmus edentatus, pacú-comum (Metynnis hypsauchen, pacú-manteiga (Mylossoma duriventre e pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomum, durante 150 dias sob congelamento a -18±1°C e -36±1°C. Com base no pH, nitrogênio das bases voláteis totais (N-BVT, substâncias reagentes ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS e contagens de aeróbios mesófilos a 35°C e psicrotróficos a 7°C, e de coliformes totais e fecais (NMP, os "minced fish" obtidos a partir das espécies de peixes estudadas e de misturas de espécies (aracú+curimatã+pirapitinga; jaraqui+branquinha mantiveram-se em condições de consumo, durante o período experimental. Os resultados obtidos são altamente promissores sob o ponto de vista tecnológico.

Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children.

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Schnabel, Alexander; Reichl, Sylvia U; Meyer-Frießem, Christine; Zahn, Peter K; Pogatzki-Zahn, Esther

2015-03-18

concealment of allocation processes and blinding of outcome assessors were poorly described. Due to inconsistent outcome reporting, data from 17 included trials could be pooled for some endpoints only. Eight trials compared tramadol administration with placebo and five trials found that the need for rescue analgesia in the postoperative care unit (PACU) was reduced in children receiving tramadol (RR 0.40; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.78; low quality evidence). Only one trial investigated the number of patients with moderate to severe pain, but a non-validated pain scale was used (very low quality evidence). Four trials compared morphine with tramadol administration. There was no clear evidence of difference in the need for rescue analgesia in the PACU (RR 1.25; 95% CI 0.83 to 1.89; low quality evidence) with tramadol compared with morphine. No trials could be pooled for the outcome 'number of patients with moderate to severe pain'. Three trials were included for the comparison of tramadol with nalbuphine. There was no clear evidence for the need for rescue analgesia in the PACU (RR 0,63; 95% CI 0.16 to 2.45; low quality evidence). Only one trial reported the number of patients with moderate to severe pain, but used a non-validated pain scale (very low quality evidence). Two out of six included trials, which compared pethidine with tramadol, reported the number of children with a need for rescue analgesia within the PACU and showed no clear evidence (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.43 to 2.02; very low quality evidence). Two trials reported the number of patients with moderate to severe pain and showed a lower RR in patients treated with tramadol (RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.36 to 1.16; low quality evidence). Only one trial was included, which compared tramadol with fentanyl, reporting the number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (very low quality evidence). Generally, adverse events were poorly reported. Most data could be pooled for the comparison with placebo focusing on the RR for postoperative

Anesthetic considerations for patients with esophageal achalasia undergoing peroral endoscopic myotomy: a retrospective case series review.

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Löser, Benjamin; Werner, Yuki B; Punke, Mark A; Saugel, Bernd; Haas, Sebastian; Reuter, Daniel A; Mann, Oliver; Duprée, Anna; Schachschal, Guido; Rösch, Thomas; Petzoldt, Martin

2017-05-01

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a novel technique for treating esophageal achalasia. During POEM, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is insufflated to aid surgical dissection, but it may inadvertently track into surrounding tissues, causing systemic CO 2 uptake and tension capnoperitoneum. This in turn may affect cardiorespiratory function. This study quantified these cardiorespiratory effects and treatment by hyperventilation and percutaneous abdominal needle decompression (PND). One hundred and seventy-three consecutive patients who underwent POEM were included in this four-year retrospective study. Procedure-related changes in peak inspiratory pressure (p max ), end-tidal CO 2 levels (etCO 2 ), minute ventilation (MV), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were analyzed. We also quantified the impact of PND on these cardiorespiratory parameters. During the endoscopic procedure, cardiorespiratory parameters increased from baseline: p max 15.1 (4.5) vs 19.8 (4.7) cm H 2 O; etCO 2 4.5 (0.4) vs 5.5 (0.9) kPa [34.0 (2.9) vs 41.6 (6.9) mmHg]; MAP 73.9 (9.7) vs 99.3 (15.2) mmHg; HR 67.6 (12.4) vs 85.3 (16.4) min -1 (P < 0.001 for each). Hyperventilation [MV 5.9 (1.2) vs 9.0 (1.8) L·min -1 , P < 0.001] was applied to counteract iatrogenic hypercapnia. Individuals with tension capnoperitoneum treated with PND (n = 55) had higher peak p max values [22.8 (5.7) vs 18.4 (3.3) cm H 2 O, P < 0.001] than patients who did not require PND. After PND, p max [22.8 (5.7) vs 19.9 (4.3) cm H 2 O, P = 0.045] and MAP [98.2 (16.3) vs 88.6 (11.8) mmHg, P = 0.013] decreased. Adverse events included pneumothorax (n = 1), transient myocardial ischemia (n = 1), and subcutaneous emphysema (n = 49). The latter precluded immediate extubation in eight cases. Postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay was longer in individuals with subcutaneous emphysema than in those without [74.9 min (34.5) vs 61.5 (26.8 min), P = 0.007]. Carbon dioxide insufflation during POEM produces systemic CO 2 uptake and

Analysis of expiration gas in intensive care patients with SIRS/sepsis using proton-transfer-reaction-mass-spectrometry

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Bodrogi, F.B.M.

2003-11-01

In 1971, Pauling and co-workers were the first to detect volatile organic compounds (VOC) in human breath. Since then, a number of technical applications for breath gas analyses have been designed and processed, among them gas chromatography and proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Due to this technical progress it is meanwhile possible to correlate different kinds and stages of diseases with measurable changes in the patient's VOC profile. The aim of the present study was to investigate the composition of VOC in exhaled air of patients with sepsis via PTR-MS. To isolate distinct volatile organic compounds that may serve as clinical markers for the onset, the progress, as well as the outcome of the disease, the results obtained from septic patients were compared with two different control groups: 25 healthy, non-smoking volunteers enrolled in the day-case-surgery and 25 post-operative in-patients residing in post-anaesthetic care units (PACU). PTR-MS is capable to analyze VOC according to their molecular weight with a range between 21-230 Da. A total of 210 different masses has been detected in the present study. 54 masses were significantly different in exhaled air of septic patients as compared to healthy controls as well as post-operative patients. Among them, mass 69 representing isoprene might be of special interest for the diagnosis of sepsis. Although no exact biochemical properties of isoprene have been described to date, it is known that isoprene synthesis is increased in plants following exposure to oxidative stress. Chronic, systemic infectious diseases like sepsis are accompanied by the production of reactive oxygen species, indicating that isoprene might be increased in the course of sepsis, too. In the present study, isoprene values were markedly higher in septic patients as compared to PACU residents (3.3-fold increase in mean value) and to healthy volunteers (2.2-fold increase in mean value). In addition (and in contrast to other VOC

Prophylactic Use of Oral Acetaminophen or IV Dexamethasone and Combination of them on Prevention Emergence Agitation in Pediatric after Adenotonsillectomy

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Parvin Sajedi

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Background: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of acetaminophen plus dexamethasone on post-operative emergence agitation in pediatric adenotonsillectomy. Methods: A total of 128 patients were randomized and assigned among four groups as: Intravenous (IV dexamethasone, oral acetaminophen, IV dexamethasone plus oral acetaminophen, placebo. Group 1 received 0.2 mg/kg dexamethasone plus 0.25 mg/kg strawberry syrup 2 h before surgery. Group 2 received 20 mg/kg oral acetaminophen (0.25 ml/kg with 0.05 ml/kg IV normal saline. Group 3 received 20 mg/kg acetaminophen and 0.2 mg/kg dexamethasone intravenously. Group 4 received 0.25 ml/kg strawberry syrup and 0.05 ml/kg normal saline. Agitation was measured according to Richmond agitation sedation score in the post anesthetic care unit (PACU after admission, 10, 20 and 30 min after extubation. Pain score was measured with FACE scale. Nurse satisfaction was measured with verbal analog scale. If agitation scale was 3 ≥ or pain scale was 4 ≥ meperidine was prescribed. If symptoms did not control wit in 15 min midazolam was prescribed. Patients were discharged from PACU according Modified Alderet Score. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, Chi-square, and Kruskal-Wallis among four groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 140 patients were recruited in the study, which 12 of them were excluded. Thus, 128 patients were randomized and assigned among four groups. The four treatment groups were generally matched at baseline data. Median of pain score in 0, 10, 20 and 30 min after extubation were different between each study group with the control group (<0.001, 0.003 respectively. Also median of agitation score in 0, 10, 20 and 30 min after extubation were different between each study group with the control group (<0.001. Incidence of pain and incidence of agitation after extubation were not statistically identical among groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0

Anesthesiologists' practice patterns for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the ambulatory Post Anesthesia Care Unit

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Claybon Louis

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background When patients are asked what they find most anxiety provoking about having surgery, the top concerns almost always include postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV. Only until recently have there been any published recommendations, mostly derived from expert opinion, as to which regimens to use once a patient develops PONV. The goal of this study was to assess the responses to a written survey to address the following questions: 1 If no prophylaxis is administered to an ambulatory patient, what agent do anesthesiologists use for treatment of PONV in the ambulatory Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU?; 2 Do anesthesiologists use non-pharmacologic interventions for PONV treatment?; and 3 If a PONV prophylaxis agent is administered during the anesthetic, do anesthesiologists choose an antiemetic in a different class for treatment? Methods A questionnaire with five short hypothetical clinical vignettes was mailed to 300 randomly selected USA anesthesiologists. The types of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for PONV treatment were analyzed. Results The questionnaire was completed by 106 anesthesiologists (38% response rate, who reported that on average 52% of their practice was ambulatory. If a patient develops PONV and received no prophylaxis, 67% (95% CI, 62% – 79% of anesthesiologists reported they would administer a 5-HT3-antagonist as first choice for treatment, with metoclopramide and dexamethasone being the next two most common choices. 65% (95% CI, 55% – 74% of anesthesiologists reported they would also use non-pharmacologic interventions to treat PONV in the PACU, with an IV fluid bolus or nasal cannula oxygen being the most common. When PONV prophylaxis was given during the anesthetic, the preferred PONV treatment choice changed. Whereas 3%–7% of anesthesiologists would repeat dose metoclopramide, dexamethasone, or droperidol, 26% (95% confidence intervals, 18% – 36% of practitioners would re

Aeromonas hydrophila Extracelullar Products Extraction and its Effects on Tilapia Roja (Oreochromis spp. and Cachama Blanca (Piaractus brachypomus

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M. Rodríguez

2005-07-01

of 128 UH/μL and a proteolitic activity of 38.4 UP/μL and produced high fish mortality and severe multiorganic lesions. Electrophoresis revealed bands from 50 to 52 kDa y 63 to 68 kDa, that could correspond to the b hemolisina or a hemolisina y other from 30 to 36 kDa that could correspond to the thermostable metalloprotease.

[Allergic reaction to patent blue dye in breast surgery - case report].

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Maranhão, Marcius Vinícius M; Nóbrega, Dyluzia Kelly Amaral da; Anunciação, Carlos Eduardo Caiado; Maia, Barbara de Alcântara Brito; Mariano, Paulo Virgílio Dantas

2016-01-01

We present a case of allergic reaction to patent blue in a patient who underwent excision of sentinel lymph node associated with segmental breast resection. About 20minutes after the dye injection, the patient developed hypotension (BP=70×30mmHg) associated with increased heart frequency. The patient was treated successfully with decreased inspired fraction of inhaled anesthetic and fluid replacement. At the end of the procedure, she presented with bluish urticarial - like plaques on the head, neck, upper limbs, and trunk; hydrocortisone was then used. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged from the PACU two hours after the end of surgery without skin changes, and was discharged from hospital on the morning after surgery. The incidence of allergic reactions with the use of patent blue is far superior to the hypersensitivity reactions seen with anesthetic and adjuvant drugs. Therefore, the anesthesiologist must be aware of cardiovascular instability associated with skin changes during the use of patent blue, for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of this hypersensitivity reaction to this dye. Copyright © 2014 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Allergic reaction to patent blue dye in breast surgery - case report.

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Maranhão, Marcius Vinícius M; da Nóbrega, Dyluzia Kelly Amaral; Anunciação, Carlos Eduardo Caiado; Maia, Barbara de Alcântara Brito; Mariano, Paulo Virgílio Dantas

2016-01-01

We present a case of allergic reaction to patent blue in a patient who underwent excision of sentinel lymph node associated with segmental breast resection. About 20min after the dye injection, the patient developed hypotension (BP=70×30mmHg) associated with increased heart frequency. The patient was treated successfully with decreased inspired fraction of inhaled anesthetic and fluid replacement. At the end of the procedure, she presented with bluish urticarial-like plaques on the head, neck, upper limbs, and trunk; hydrocortisone was then used. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged from the PACU 2h after the end of surgery without skin changes, and was discharged from hospital on the morning after surgery. The incidence of allergic reactions with the use of patent blue is far superior to the hypersensitivity reactions seen with anesthetic and adjuvant drugs. Therefore, the anesthesiologist must be aware of cardiovascular instability associated with skin changes during the use of patent blue, for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of this hypersensitivity reaction to this dye. Copyright © 2014 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Spectral entropy monitoring for adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia.

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Chhabra, Anjolie; Subramaniam, Rajeshwari; Srivastava, Anurag; Prabhakar, Hemanshu; Kalaivani, Mani; Paranjape, Saloni

2016-03-14

Anaesthetic drugs during general anaesthesia are titrated according to sympathetic or somatic responses to surgical stimuli. It is now possible to measure depth of anaesthesia using electroencephalography (EEG). Entropy, an EEG-based monitor can be used to assess the depth of anaesthesia using a strip of electrodes applied to the forehead, and this can guide intraoperative anaesthetic drug administration. The primary objective of this review was to assess the effectiveness of entropy monitoring in facilitating faster recovery from general anaesthesia. We also wanted to assess mortality at 24 hours, 30 days, and one year following general anaesthesia with entropy monitoring.The secondary objectives were to assess the effectiveness of the entropy monitor in: preventing postoperative recall of intraoperative events (awareness) following general anaesthesia; reducing the amount of anaesthetic drugs used; reducing cost of the anaesthetic as well as in reducing time to readiness to leave the postanaesthesia care unit (PACU). We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2014, Issue 10), MEDLINE via Ovid SP (1990 to September 2014) and EMBASE via Ovid SP (1990 to September 2014). We reran the search in CENTRAL, MEDLINE via Ovid SP and EMBASE via Ovid SP in January 2016. We added one potential new study of interest to the list of 'Studies awaiting Classification' and we will incorporate this study into the formal review findings during the review update. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in adults and children (aged greater than two years of age), where in one arm entropy monitoring was used for titrating anaesthesia, and in the other standard practice (increase in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, lacrimation, movement in response to noxious surgical stimuli) was used for titrating anaesthetic drug administration. We also included trials with an additional third arm, wherein another EEG monitor, the Bispectral index

Artificial fertilization of oocytes and sperm activation in pacu: effects of the spermatozoa:oocyte ratio, water volume, and in natura semen preservation Fertilização artificial de ovócitos e ativação espermática em pacus: efeito da razão espermatozoide:ovócito, volume de água e preservação do sêmen in natura

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Eduardo Antônio Sanches

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to investigate artificial fertilization and the duration of sperm motility in pacu with different insemination doses, water volume, and in natura semen preservation. It was carried out four experimentsfor evaluation of insemination doses (7x10³, 7x10(4, 7x10(5, 7x10(6, and 7x10(7 spermatozoa oocytes-1 on the artificial fertilization of oocytes; the effect of water volume (0.5, 15.0, 30.0, 45.0, and 60.0 mL water mL-1 of oocyte with insemination doses of 105,481 and 210,963 spermatozoa oocytes-1; the effect of semen dilutions (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 µL semen mL-1 of water on sperm motility duration; and the effect of storage at 15ºC for 9h on sperm motility duration and sperm survival ratio. The highest results obtained were: insemination doses from 7x10³ to 7x10(7 spermatozoa oocytes-1; from 15 to 60mL water mL-1 of oocytes; semen dilution of 0.005 µL semen/mL water and 98.65% sperm survival until 2h45min 36s preservation time. Preservation at 15ºC for 9h does not influence sperm motility duration. The highest fertilization rates can be observed by using 0.27 to 270 µL semen mL-1 of oocytes with 15 at 60 mL water for activation.Objetivou-se foi avaliar a fertilização artificial e a duração da motilidade espermática em pacus com diferentes doses inseminantes, volumes de água e preservação do sêmen in natura. Foram realizados quatro experimentos para avaliação do efeito de doses inseminantes (7x10³, 7x10(4, 7x10(5, 7x10(6 e 7x10(7 espermatozoides ovócito-1 sobre a fertilização artificial dos ovócitos; do efeito do volume de água (0,5; 15,0; 30,0; 45,0 e 60,0 mL de água mL-1 de ovócitos com doses inseminantes de 105.481 e 210.963 espermatozoides ovócito-1; do efeito de diluição do sêmen (0,005; 0,05; 0,5 e 5,0 µL de sêmen mL-1 de água sobre a duração da motilidade espermática; e do efeito do armazenamento a 15 ºC por 9 h sobre a duração da motilidade espermática e o �

BICULTIVO EN BIOFLOC DE CACHAMA BLANCA -Piaractus brachypomus- Y TILAPIA NILÓTICA -Oreochromis niloticus- ALIMENTADAS CON DIETAS DE ORIGEN VEGETAL

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S. B. Brú-Cordero

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó el desempeño productivo de cachama blanca y tilapia nilótica cultivadas en biofloc y alimentadas con dietas de origen vegetal. Se cultivaron 80 peces/m3 en proporción 1:1 (cachama : tilapia, con tres niveles de proteína bruta (PB: 16% (T16, 24% (T24 y 32% (T32, en tanques de 1.000 l, con aireación permanente durante 120 días. Se estimaron parámetros de crecimiento, rendimiento, calidad de agua, costos de producción y análisis proximal de los flóculos. El oxígeno disuelto se mantuvo con saturación por encima de 100% y los compuestos nitrogenados (NO2 = 0,4-0,5 mg/l, NO3 = 0,4-0,5 mg/l, NH3 = 0,2-0,3 mg/l, TAN = 2,2-2,4 mg/l no presentaron diferencias entre los tratamientos (P > 0,05. Los pesos finales de la cachama (173,5-196,2 g fueron entre dos y cuatro veces los obtenidos por la tilapia (43,0-87,9 g. El mejor rendimiento del bicultivo se obtuvo con la dieta T24 (11,4 ± 1,3 kg/m3, el cual también registró el menor FCA (0,9 ± 0,3. Producir un kilogramo de pescado costó entre COP $3.148 (T24 y COP $4.445 (T32; del cual el alimento representó entre 49,2% (T16 y 63,3% (T32 y la energía, entre 10,3% (T32 y 14,2% (T16 de los costos. El análisis proximal de los flóculos registró niveles de proteína bruta (29-36% PB adecuados para cachama y tilapia; pero con niveles bajos de lípidos (< 1,0%. El desempeño productivo y los costos de producción permiten sugerir la viabilidad que ofrece el sistema biofloc para la producción de carne de pescado con alimento de 24% PB de origen vegetal.

Cultivo de cachama blanca en altas densidades y en dos sistemas cerrados

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Germán Poleo

2011-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la tolerancia de la cachama blanca, Piaractus brachypomus, a cultivos en altas densidades en sistemas cerrados. Novecientos alevines de 44,3±26 g de peso, se distribuyeron en seis tanques de concreto, con 4,8 m³ de agua. Tres tanques presentaron cero recambio de agua (SCR, y en otros tres, el agua se hizo circular a través de un bioclarificador (SRA. Ambos tratamientos presentaron fuerte aireación para mantener los sólidos en suspensión y suministrar aire. Los peces se alimentaron a saciedad con pienso comercial por 192 días. Los parámetros de calidad de agua como: oxígeno disuelto, amonio total, nitritos, nitratos, alcalinidad, dureza, temperatura y pH, se midieron semanalmente. Los peces en el SCR crecieron a una tasa de 2,34±0,05 g por día, y tuvieron conversión alimenticia de 1,5±0,06, densidad final de 12,96±0,53 kg m-3, y peso final de 449,5±99 g. En el SRA, los peces crecieron 2,33±0,03 g por día, con conversión alimenticia de 1,6±0,07, densidad final de 12,13±1,12 kg m-3, y peso final de 446,5±10 g. La cachama blanca puede ser cultivada en sistemas cerrados con cero recambio de agua en altas densidades.

Negative autobiographical memories in social anxiety disorder: A comparison with panic disorder and healthy controls.

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O'Toole, Mia Skytte; Watson, Lynn A; Rosenberg, Nicole K; Berntsen, Dorthe

2016-03-01

Empirical interest in mental imagery in social anxiety disorder (SAD) has grown over the past years but still little is known about the specificity to SAD. The present study therefore examines negative autobiographical memories in participants with social anxiety disorder (SAD), compared to patients with panic disorder (PD), and healthy controls (HCs). A total of 107 participants retrieved four memories cued by verbal phrases associated with either social anxiety (SA) or panic anxiety (PA), with two memories for each cue category. PA-cued memories were experienced with stronger imagery and as more traumatic. They were also rated as more central to identity than SA-cued memories, but not among participants with SAD, who perceived SA-cued memories as equally central to their identity. When between-group effects were detected, participants with anxiety disorders differed from HCs, but not from each other. Central limitations include reliance on self-report measures, comorbidity in the anxiety disorder groups, and lack of a neutrally cued memory comparison. The findings align with models of SAD suggesting that past negative social events play a central role in this disorder. Future research is suggested to further explore the function of negative memories, not only in SAD, but also in other anxiety disorders. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A comparative study of non-lipid nanoemulsion of propofol with solutol and propofol emulsion with lecithin.

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Rodrigues, Thiago Alves; Alexandrino, Ricardo Andrade; Kanczuk, Marcelo Epstein; Gozzani, Judymara Lauzi; Mathias, Ligia Andrade da Silva Telles

2012-01-01

Some formulations have been proposed to reduce the adverse reactions due to the lipid emulsion containing soybean oil used as propofol carrier. This study for endoscopy sedation was aimed at evaluating and comparing the safety, effectiveness and adverse effects of the use of propofol nanoemulsion compared to propofol currently commercialized. In this prospective study, 150 patients were submitted to upper digestive endoscopy. These patients were allocated into two groups: the control group (CONT Group; n=75) and the nanoemulsion group (NE Group; n=75). HR, SBP, DBP, SpO(2) and BIS (which is considered to be appropriate between 65 and 75 during procedure) were monitored. Gender, age, weight, height, BMI, ASA physical status, times and doses were analyzed, as well as adverse effects (phlogistic signs and pain on injection, apnea, nausea/vomiting) and alterations in monitoring variables. A p-value 0.05). The times, induction doses and the SBP and DBP values at the end of examination and at the moment of discharge from the PACU were lower in the NE Group (p<0.05). Lipid propofol and propofol nanoemulsion were equivalent concerning effectiveness, safety and adverse effects in the doses used. There was a lower incidence of pain on injection in the nanoemulsion formulation. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Parâmetros zootécnicos de juvenis de pacu alimentados a diferentes frequências de arraçoamento em tanques-rede

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Talita Gabriela Dieterich

2013-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho zootécnico e as características bromatológicas e hematológicas de pacus alimentados a diferentes frequências de arraçoamento. Três mil e duzentos peixes, com peso inicial médio de 65,9±2,36 g, foram distribuídos em 16 tanques-rede de 5 m³ de volume útil. Durante 65 dias, foram avaliadas quatro frequências de arraçoamento (tratamentos: T1, às 12:00 h; T2, às 8:00 e às 17:00 h; T3, às 8:00, 12:00 e 17:00 h; e T4, às 8:00, 11:00, 14:00 e 17:00 h. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Analisaram-se parâmetros de desempenho produtivo, índices de gordura visceral e hepatossomático, composição centesimal da carcaça e parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos. Quanto ao ganho de peso, as frequências T3 e T4 proporcionaram melhores resultados do que T1 e T2. Embora a proteína, o colesterol e os eritrócitos tenham apresentado diferenças entre os tratamentos, permaneceram dentro dos valores de referência para pacus cultivados em tanques-rede. A frequência de três arraçoamentos diários resultou em maior ganho de peso, em comparação aos demais tratamentos, sem interferir na saúde e na composição centesimal das carcaças dos animais.

A new process-centered description tool to initiate meta-reporting methodology in healthcare - 7CARECAT™. Feasibility study in a post-anesthesia care unit.

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Cottet, P; d'Hollander, A; Cahana, A; Van Gessel, E; Tassaux, D

2013-10-01

In the healthcare domain, different analytic tools focused on accidents appeared to be poorly adapted to sub-accidental issues. Improving local management and intra-institutional communication with simpler methods, allowing rapid and uncomplicated meta-reporting, could be an attractive alternative. A process-centered structure derived from the industrial domain - DEPOSE(E) - was selected and modified for its use in the healthcare domain. The seven exclusive meta-categories defined - Patient, Equipment, Process, Actor, Supplies, work Room and Organization- constitute 7CARECAT™. A collection of 536 "improvement" reports from a tertiary hospital Post anesthesia care unit (PACU) was used and four meta-categorization rules edited prior to the analysis. Both the relevance of the metacategories and of the rules were tested to build a meta-reporting methodology. The distribution of these categories was analyzed with a χ 2 test. Five hundred and ninety independent facts were collected out of the 536 reports. The frequencies of the categories are: Organization 44%, Actor 37%, Patient 11%, Process 3%, work Room 3%, Equipment 1% and Supplies 1%, with a p-value events voluntarily reported. This model represents a relevant tool to exchange meta-informations important for local and transversal communication in healthcare institutions. It could be used as a promising tool to improve quality and risk management. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier SAS.

Caracterização da Frota Pesqueira de Coari, Médio Rio Solimões (Amazonas-Brasil

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Sandrelly Oliveira Inomata

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Os aspectos físicos, operacionais e econômicos da frota pesqueira no município de Coari, situado na região do Médio Rio Solimões (Estado do Amazonas, foram analisados por meio de dados coletados diretamente no porto de desembarque e dados secundários no período de setembro de 2008 a outubro de 2009 obtidos junto às entidades de classe ligadas à atividade pesqueira. A frota pesqueira do município de Coari foi composta, em sua maioria, por canoas motorizadas (7,6 m ±1,29, e por barcos pesqueiros com média de comprimento de 12,8 m (±1,94. Os lagos Coari e Juçara foram os principais locais de captura do pescado. A malhadeira foi o apetrecho de pesca mais utilizado durante as expedições. As principais espécies capturadas foram as da ordem Characiforme, jaraqui (Semaprochilodus spp., pacu (Mylossoma duriventre, Myleus sp., sardinha (Triportheus spp. e curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans. O componente dos custos mais oneroso durante as pescarias de canoas motorizadas foi o combustível. Estes resultados podem subsidiar a elaboração de políticas de investimento e medidas adequadas de manejo para melhoria da atividade pesqueira na região de Coari.

[A prospective cohort study of the risk factors of emergence agitation in pediatric after general anesthesia].

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Fan, Hao; Tao, Fan; Wan, Hai-fang; Luo, Hong

2012-05-08

To evaluate risk factors associated with emergence agitation (EA) in pediatrics after general anesthesia. A prospective cohort study was conducted in 268 pediatric patients aged 2-9 years, who received general anesthesia for various operative procedures in our hospital between January 2008 and October 2011. The incidence of EA was assessed. Difficult parental-separation behavior, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions, and adverse events were also recorded. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to determine the factors associated with EA. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. One hundred and sixteen children (43.3%) had EA, with an average duration of 9.1 ± 6.6 minutes. EA associated with adverse events occurred in 35 agitated children (30.2%). From univariate analysis, factors associated with EA were difficult parental-separation behavior, preschool age (2 - 5 years), and general anesthesia with sevoflurane. However, difficult parental-separation behavior, and preschool age were the only factors significantly associated with EA in the multiple Logistic regression analysis with OR = 3.091 (95%CI: 1.688, 5.465, P < 0.01) and OR = 1.965 (95%CI: 1.112, 3.318, P = 0.024), respectively. The present study indicated that the incidence of EA was high in PACU. Preschool children and difficult parental-separation behavior were the predictive factors of emergence agitation.

Evolution of segmental anesthesia for Laparo-Endoscopic Single Site (LESS) cholecystectomy.

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Ross, S B; Mangar, D; Karlnoski, R; Patel, R S; Camporesi, E M; Barry, L K; Luberice, K; Sprenker, C J; Rosemurgy, A S

2012-06-01

Transumbilical Laparo-Endoscopic Single Site (LESS) surgery promises improved cosmesis, quick recovery, reduced postoperative pain and shorter length of hospital stay. Since only a simple umbilical incision is used, LESS surgery can be completed with segmental epidural anesthesia. This study describes the evolution of our technique of LESS cholecystectomy from a combination of spinal and epidural anesthesia to thoracic epidural alone and presents our experience with its safety, the observed morbidity, and the reported patient satisfaction. In August 2009, a prospective evaluation of LESS cholecystectomy with regional anesthesia was undertaken. We recruited patients with chronic cholecystitis or symptomatic cholelithasis. Blood loss, operative time, complications, and length of hospital stay were measured. Preoperatively and 14 days postoperatively, outcome and symptom resolution were scored. Fifteen consecutive patients underwent LESS cholecystectomy; first with combined spinal-epidural (CSE), and then with thoracic epidural anesthesia alone. Immediate postoperative pain and discomfort were well tolerated. VAS scores upon admission to PACU were 0.4 (1.7±2.2). At postoperative day 14, the patients scored high values for "Satisfaction", 10 (10±1.0) and "Cosmesis", 10 (9.3±1.5). LESS cholecystectomy with epidural anesthesia can be undertaken safely. Patient satisfaction and cosmesis are particularly prominent amongst our patients. Our experience supports further utilization of epidural anesthesia for selected patients undergoing LESS cholecystectomy.

Improving total knee arthroplasty perioperative pain management using a periarticular injection with bupivacaine liposomal suspension

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Mark A. Snyder, MD

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA report low satisfaction with postoperative pain control. The purpose of this study is to examine if there is a difference in post-operative pain for TKA patients without femoral nerve block receiving an intra-operative pericapsular injection of bupivacaine liposome suspension (EXPAREL; Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California versus a concentrated multi drug cocktail. Seventy TKA patients were randomly assigned to either the bupivacaine liposome or the multi-drug cocktail. Post-operative pain scores, morphine sulfate equivalence consumption values, adverse events, and overall pain control satisfaction scores were collected. Patients reported significantly higher pain level for the cocktail group on post-op day 1 (p < .05 and post-op day 2 (p < .01 versus the bupivacaine liposome group. This same trend was found for morphine sulfate equivalence consumption in the PACU (p < .01 and post-op day 2 (p < .01. Higher satisfaction in pain control (p < .001 and overall experience (p < .01 was also found in the bupivacaine liposome group. Finally, significantly more adverse events were found in the multi-drug group versus the bupivacaine liposome group (p < .05. The study findings demonstrated a non-inferior difference, albeit not a clinically significant difference, in patient-perceived pain scores, morphine sulfate equivalence consumption, adverse events, and overall satisfaction.

The Impact of Training Residents on the Outcome of Robotic-Assisted Sacrocolpopexy

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Mohamed A. Bedaiwy

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Objective. To evaluate the surgical outcomes of robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy (RASCP before and after the incorporation of hands-on training for urology and gynecology residents. Study Design. Forty-one patients underwent RASCP between December 2008 and March 2010 with one surgeon. RASCP was performed in the context of surgical repair of complex pelvic organ prolapse and/or stress urinary incontinence. The first 20 cases (group I were performed exclusively by the attending surgeon. In the last 21 cases (group II, the urology resident performed a 50% or more of the RASCP while the gynecology resident performed the supracervical hysterectomy. The primary outcome measure was vaginal vault support at 24 weeks postoperatively based on pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q. Results. Mean ± SD operative time for the entire surgery including RASCP was 282.3±51.3 min and median EBL was 83.1±50.4 mL. Patient demographics and stage of disease did not differ between groups. Procedure time, PACU time, blood loss, and intraoperative complications were similar between groups. Follow-up POP-Q evaluations demonstrated significant correction of all points on vaginal examination for both groups (P<0.001. Conclusions. Incorporation of resident training during RASCP allows teaching of robotic surgery techniques in an effective manner without prolonging operative time or affecting the overall surgical outcome.

Anesthesia and fast-track in video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS): from evidence to practice.

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Umari, Marzia; Falini, Stefano; Segat, Matteo; Zuliani, Michele; Crisman, Marco; Comuzzi, Lucia; Pagos, Francesco; Lovadina, Stefano; Lucangelo, Umberto

2018-03-01

In thoracic surgery, the introduction of video-assisted thoracoscopic techniques has allowed the development of fast-track protocols, with shorter hospital lengths of stay and improved outcomes. The perioperative management needs to be optimized accordingly, with the goal of reducing postoperative complications and speeding recovery times. Premedication performed in the operative room should be wisely administered because often linked to late discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Inhalatory anesthesia, when possible, should be preferred based on protective effects on postoperative lung inflammation. Deep neuromuscular blockade should be pursued and carefully monitored, and an appropriate reversal administered before extubation. Management of one-lung ventilation (OLV) needs to be optimized to prevent not only intraoperative hypoxemia but also postoperative acute lung injury (ALI): protective ventilation strategies are therefore to be implemented. Locoregional techniques should be favored over intravenous analgesia: the thoracic epidural, the paravertebral block (PVB), the intercostal nerve block (ICNB), and the serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) are thoroughly reviewed and the most common dosages are reported. Fluid therapy needs to be administered critically, to avoid both overload and cardiovascular compromisation. All these practices are analyzed singularly with the aid of the most recent evidences aimed at the best patient care. Finally, a few notes on some of the latest trends in research are presented, such as non-intubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and intravenous lidocaine.

Anesthesia recovery comparison between remifentanil-propofol and remifentanil-desflurane guided by Bispectral Index® monitoring

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Raphael Grossi Rocha

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Background and objectives: There is a strong demand for fast and predictable anesthesia recovery with few side effects. Choice of the hypnotic agent could impact on that. This study investigated the differences between recoveries after remifentanil-propofol and remifentanil-desflurane anesthesias guided by bispectral index (BIS®. Methods: Forty patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups according to the anesthesia technique applied: remifentanil-propofol (REM-PRO and remifentanil-desflurane (REM-DES. After the discontinuation of the anesthetics, the times to extubation, to obey commands and to recover the airway protection reflex were recorted. In the post-anesthetic recovery room (PACU it was recorded the occurrence of nausea and vomiting (PONV, scores of Ramsay sedation scale and of numeric pain scale (NPS, morphine dose and length of stay in the unit. Results: Data from 38 patients were analyzed: 18 from REM-PRO and 20 from REM-DES group. Anesthesia times were similar (REM-PRO = 193 min, SD 79.9 vs. 175.7 min, SD 87.9 REM-DES; p = 0.5. REM-DES had shorter times than REM-PRO group: time to follow command (8.5 min; SD 3.0 vs. 5.6 min; SD 2.5; p = 0.0 and extubation time (6.2 min; 3.1–8.5 vs. 9.5 min; 4.9–14.4; p = 0.0. Times to recover airway protective reflex were similar: 16 patients from REM-PRO (88.9% restored the airway protective reflex 2 min after extubation vs. 17 from REM-DES (89.5%; and 2 patients from REM-PRO (11.1% vs. 2 from REM-DES (10.5% 6 min after extubation, p = 1. Ramsay sedation score, NPS, PONV incidents, morphine dose and PACU stay of length PACU were also similar. Conclusion: Remifentanil-desflurane-based anesthesia has a faster extubation time and to follow command than remifentanil-propofol-based anesthesia when both guided by BIS®. Resumo: Justificativa e objetivos: Há uma forte demanda por recuperação pós-anestésica rápida e previsível com poucos efeitos adversos. A escolha do agente

CARACTERIZACIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN in vivo E in vitro DEL LIPOPOLISACÁRIDO DE Aeromonas hydrophila

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A P JIMENEZ

2008-05-01

Full Text Available A partir de una cepa de A. hydrophila aislada de un brote de enfermedad septicémica en Tilapia nilótica (Piaractus brachypomusoreochromis niloticus, se obtuvieron extractos de lipopolisacárido (LPS crudo (29,5 mg/ml y semipurificado (106,5 mg/ml mediante la técnica fenol-agua caliente descrita por Westphal, Jann (1965. La presencia de proteína fue del 2,3% para el extracto crudo y de 0,1% para el semipurificado; la concentración de polisacáridos osciló entre el 15 y 26%. En electroforesis (SDS-PAGE se observaron bandas de 14 Kd correspondientes al oligosacárido central y al lípido A del LPS. Tres ratones de 25-35 g fueron inoculados intraperitonealmente con 25 mg/Kg de LPS cru-do, a partir de la primera hora todos los animales mostraron erizamiento, taquipnea e inapetencia; microscópicamente se detectó congestión hepática y pulmonar, hemorragias pulmonares y renales, marginación leucocitaria en hígado y pulmón con predominio de polimorfo-nucleares neutrófilos (PMN en todos los animales, mostrando un mayor efecto que el control inoculado con LPS de E. coli (Sigma® a la misma concentración. In vitro el LPS crudo a concentración de 10, 20 y 30 µg/ml indujo proliferación de células mono-nucleares murinas (2 x 10 5 en 200 µl de medio DMEM por incorporación de timidina tritiada; tanto el LPS control (E. coli, como el LPS crudo de A. hydrophila mostraron cuentas por minuto (CPM ascendentes de manera dosis dependiente, el LPS de A. hydrophila desencadeno una proliferación muy similar a la inducida por el control.

Effects of intraoperative dexmedetomidine with intravenous anesthesia on postoperative emergence agitation/delirium in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy: A CONSORT-prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

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Cao, Jun-Li; Pei, Yu-Ping; Wei, Jing-Qiu; Zhang, Yue-Ying

2016-12-01

Postoperative emergence agitation/delirium (POED) is a common complication in pediatric surgery patients, which increases the risk of developing postoperative airway obstruction and respiratory depression. This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine (DEX) and its effects on POED in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy.Sixty patients scheduled for tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy, aged 2 to 8 years, were randomly allocated into 2 groups (n = 30). Pediatric patients in the group DEX received intravenous (IV) DEX 1 μg/kg over 10 minutes, followed by 0.5 μg/kg/h continuous infusion, and the same volume of 0.9% saline was administrated in the group control. Anesthesia was maintained with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol and remifentanyl. Intraoperative heart rate (HR), noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP), blood oxygen saturation (SPO2), recovery time, and extubation time were recorded. Pain level was evaluated using the objective pain score (OPS), pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) scale and Cole 5-point scale (CPS) was used to evaluate POED when patients at 0, 5, 15 minutes, and then at intervals of 15 minutes for 60 minutes after parents arrival at postanesthesia care unit (PACU).The results showed that intraoperative HR was significantly lower in group DEX (P pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy, without adverse hemodynamic effects, though the lower incidence of POED was not observed.

Experience with "Fast track" postoperative care after deep brain stimulation surgery.

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Martín, Nuria; Valero, Ricard; Hurtado, Paola; Gracia, Isabel; Fernández, Carla; Rumià, Jordi; Valldeoriola, Francesc; Carrero, Enrique J; Tercero, Francisco Javier; de Riva, Nicolás; Fàbregas, Neus

A 24-h-stay in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) is a common postoperative procedure after deep brain stimulation surgery (DBS). We evaluated the impact of a fast-track (FT) postoperative care protocol. An analysis was performed on all patients who underwent DBS in 2 periods: 2006, overnight monitored care (OMC group), and 2007-2013, FT care (FT group). The study included 19 patients in OMC and 95 patients in FT. Intraoperative complications occurred in 26.3% patients in OMC vs. 35.8% in FT. Post-operatively, one patient in OMC developed hemiparesis, and agitation in 2 patients. In FT, two patients with intraoperative hemiparesis were transferred to the ICU. While on the ward, 3 patients from the FT developed hemiparesis, two of them 48h after the procedure. Thirty eight percent of FT had an MRI scan, while the remaining 62% and all patients of OMC had a CT-scan performed on their transfer to the ward. One patient in OMC had a subthalamic hematoma. Two patients in FT had a pallidal hematoma, and 3 a bleeding along the electrode. A FT discharge protocol is a safe postoperative care after DBS. There are a small percentage of complications after DBS, which mainly occur within the first 6h. Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

An anaesthesia information management system as a tool for a quality assurance program: 10years of experience.

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Motamed, Cyrus; Bourgain, Jean Louis

2016-06-01

Anaesthesia Information Management Systems (AIMS) generate large amounts of data, which might be useful for quality assurance programs. This study was designed to highlight the multiple contributions of our AIMS system in extracting quality indicators over a period of 10years. The study was conducted from 2002 to 2011. Two methods were used to extract anaesthesia indicators: the manual extraction of individual files for monitoring neuromuscular relaxation and structured query language (SQL) extraction for other indicators which were postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), pain, sedation scores, pain-related medications, scores and postoperative hypothermia. For each indicator, a program of information/meetings and adaptation/suggestions for operating room and PACU personnel was initiated to improve quality assurance, while data were extracted each year. The study included 77,573 patients. The mean overall completeness of data for the initial years ranged from 55 to 85% and was indicator-dependent, which then improved to 95% completeness for the last 5years. The incidence of neuromuscular monitoring was initially 67% and then increased to 95% (Psystem permitted the follow-up of certain indicators through manual sampling and many more via SQL extraction in a sustained and non-time-consuming way across years. However, it requires competent and especially dedicated resources to handle the database. Copyright © 2016 Société française d'anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Patients with a high risk for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Postoperative respiratory complications

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H. Pereira

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Background: STOP-BANG score (snore; tired; observed apnea; arterial pressure; body mass index; age; neck circumference and gender can predict the risk of a patient having Obstructive Syndrome Apnea (OSA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence STOP-BANG score ≥ 3, in surgical patients admitted to the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU. Methods: Observational, prospective study conducted in a post-anesthesia care unit (PACU during three weeks (2011. The study population consisted of adult patients after noncardiac and non-neurological surgery. Patients were classified as high risk of OSA (HR-OSA if STOP-BANG score ≥ 3 and Low-risk of OSA (LR-OSA if STOP-BANG score  3, em pacientes cirúrgicos internados na Unidade de Cuidados Pós-Anestésica (UCPA. Métodos: Estudo observacional e prospectivo conduzido numa UCPA, durante três semanas (2011. A população de estudo consistiu em doentes adultos após cirurgia não cardíaca e não neurológica. Os doentes foram considerados com alto risco de SAOS (AR-SAOS se tinham um score de STOP-BANG ≥3 e de baixo risco de SAOS (BR-SAOS se tinham score de STOP-BANG <3. Foram avaliados dados demográficos dos doentes e colhidas variáveis intraoperatórias e pós-operatórias. As características dos doentes foram comparadas através do teste de Mann-Whitney, teste t, qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: Um total de 357 doentes foram admitidos de UCPA e 340 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Cento e setenta e nove (52% tinham AR-SAOS. Estes doentes eram mais velhos, tinham maior probabilidade de serem do sexo masculino, tinham um Índice Massa Corporal superior, tiveram uma classificação maior no estado físico American Society Anesthesiologists, uma maior incidência de doença cardíaca isquémica, insuficiência cardíaca, hipertensão, dislipidemia e eram mais frequentemente doentes

Toxicidad aguda del sulfato de cobre (CuSO₄) en alevinos de cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) bajo condiciones de aguas blandas

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Velasco-Santamaría, Yohana M.; Gómez-Manrique, Wilson; Calderón-Bernal, Juan M.

2006-01-01

of 55 and 90% respectively. Likewise, these groups presented a moderate increase in mucus  production at branchial level accompanied by clinical disnea. Interlamellar hyperplasia and severe lamellar fusion, as well as gill congestion, were observed microscopically in those exposed to 4.00 ppm...

Gender-Specific Differences in Low-Dose Haloperidol Response for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Register-Based Cohort Study.

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Brettner, Florian; Janitza, Silke; Prüll, Kathrin; Weninger, Ernst; Mansmann, Ulrich; Küchenhoff, Helmut; Jovanovic, Alexander; Pollwein, Bernhard; Chappell, Daniel; Zwissler, Bernhard; von Dossow, Vera

2016-01-01

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common and distressing complications after general anesthesia and surgery, with young non-smoking females receiving postoperative opioids being high-risk patients. This register-based study aims to evaluate the effect of low-dose haloperidol (0.5 mg intravenously) directly after induction of general anesthesia to reduce the incidence of PONV in the postoperative anesthesiological care unit (PACU). Multivariable regression models were used to investigate the association between low-dose haloperidol and the occurrence of PONV using a patient registry containing 2,617 surgical procedures carried out at an university hospital. Haloperidol 0.5 mg is associated with a reduced risk of PONV in the total collective (adjusted odds ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence interval: [0.56, 0.99], p = 0.05). The results indicate that there is a reduced risk in male patients (adjusted odds ratio = 0.45, 95% confidence interval: [0.28, 0.73], p = 0.001) if a dose of 0.5 mg haloperidol was administered while there seems to be no effect in females (adjusted odds ratio = 1.02, 95% confidence interval: [0.71, 1.46], p = 0.93). Currently known risk factors for PONV such as female gender, duration of anesthesia and the use of opioids were confirmed in our analysis. This study suggests that low-dose haloperidol has an antiemetic effect in male patients but has no effect in female patients. A confirmation of the gender-specific effects we have observed in this register-based cohort study might have major implications on clinical daily routine.

Optimal dose of rocuronium bromide undergoing adenotonsillectomy under 5% sevoflurane with fentanyl.

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Huh, Hyub; Park, Jeong Jun; Kim, Ji Yeong; Kim, Tae Hoon; Yoon, Seung Zhoo; Shin, Hye Won; Lee, Hye-Won; Lim, Hye-Ja; Cho, Jang Eun

2017-10-01

Adenotonsillectomy is a short surgical procedure under general anaesthesia in children. An ideal muscle relaxant for adenotonsillectomy would create an intense neuromuscular block while having a quick recovery time without postoperative morbidity. We compared the effect of different doses of rocuronium for the tracheal intubation in children under 5% sevoflurane and fentanyl. 75 children (aged 3-10 years, ASA I) scheduled for adenotonsillectomy were enrolled. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg/kg, followed by fentanyl 2 μg/kg. After mask ventilation with 5 vol% sevoflurane in 100% oxygen for 2 min, 2 ml of study drug was administered intravenously, i.e., either normal saline (S Group) or one of two doses (0.15 or 0.3 mg/kg) of rocuronium. We assessed conditions during tracheal intubation and also recorded the surgical condition, the time from discontinuation of sevoflurane to extubation and PAED scale, pain scores in PACU. Rocuronium groups (96% and 100%, respectively; P rocuronium (80%) treatment clearly resulted in excellent intubating conditions compared with the 0.15 mg/kg group (44%; p = 0.028). There was no significant difference in the time to extubation and surgical condition, and in the postoperative measures of emergence delirium, pain, and recovery time among the three groups. A dose of 0.3 mg/kg rocuronium may provide optimal intubating conditions without delayed recovery in 5% sevoflurane anaesthesia with fentanyl in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. NCT02467595. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sugammadex antagonism of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing liver resection: a randomized controlled study.

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Abdulatif, Mohamed; Lotfy, Maha; Mousa, Mahmoud; Afifi, Mohamed H; Yassen, Khaled

2018-02-05

This randomized controlled study compared the recovery times of sugammadex and neostigmine as antagonists of moderate rocuroniuminduced neuromuscular block in patients with liver cirrhosis and controls undergoing liver resection. The study enrolled 27 adult patients with Child class "A" liver cirrhosis and 28 patients with normal liver functions. Normal patients and patients with liver cirrhosis were randomized according to the type of antagonist (sugammadex 2mg/kg or neostigmine 50μg/kg). The primary outcome was the time from antagonist administration to a trainoffour (TOF) ratio of 0.9 using mechanosensor neuromuscular transmission module. The durations of the intubating and topup doses of rocuronium, the length of stay in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), and the incidence of postoperative re curarization were recorded. The durations of the intubating and topup doses of rocuronium were prolonged in patients with liver cirrhosis than controls. The times to a TOF ratio of 0.9 were 3.1 (1.0) and 2.6 (1.0) min after sugammadex administration in patients with liver cirrhosis and controls, respectively, p=1.00. The corresponding times after neostigmine administration were longer than sugammadex 14.5 (3.6) and 15.7 (3.6) min, respectively, psugammadex compared to neostigmine. We did not encounter postoperative recurarization after sugammadex or neostigmine. Sugammadex rapidly antagonize moderate residual rocuronium induced neuromuscular block in patients with Child class "A" liver cirrhosis undergoing liver resection. Sugammadex antagonism is associated with 80% reduction in the time to adequate neuromuscular recovery compared to neostigmine.

Effectiveness of flumazenil on return of cognitive functions after a general anesthetic.

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Pregler, J L; Mok, M S; Steen, S N

1994-09-01

Benzodiazepines used intra-operatively can occasionally cause prolonged sedation. Flumazenil (Romazicon) is an imidazobenzodiazepine that functions as a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. This clinical investigation was designed to evaluate the efficacy and of intravenous flumazenil in reversing the central effects of midazolam after a general anesthetic using midazolam for maintenance. 30 ASA I-III inpatients entered and completed this study. All were interviewed preoperatively and baseline performance on a battery of psychomotor tests was obtained. Parameters measured included an assessment of sleep status, vital signs, responsiveness to verbal stimuli, quality of speech, facial expression, eye coordination, recognition of a picture card, finger-finger-to-nose (FFN) coordination and overall discharge readiness. General anesthesia was induced with midazolam. Midazolam and fentanyl were the primary maintenance agents combined with N2O and O2 (70:30) and a limited concentration of isoflurane. In the recovery room the test drug was administered in a double-blinded, randomized manner. 20 patients received flumazenil (F), the rest placebo (P). Testing was done at times 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min in the PACU. Memory testing consisted of recall of study pictures at 180 min and recognition on the first postoperative day. Demographic data were similar for both groups with the exception of age. The F group had a higher mean composite score (comprising responsiveness to verbal stimuli, speech, facial expression and eye coordination) and better FFN scores at 5, 15, and 30 min (p pictures better at 5 and 15 min (p WORDS)

The Effect of Ketamine and Dexamethasone in Combination with Lidocaine on the Onset and Duration of Axillary Block in Hand and Forearm Soft Tissue Surgery.

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Zaman, Behrooz; Hojjati Ashrafi, Siavash; Seyed Siamdoust, Seyedalireza; Hassani, Valiollah; Mohamad Taheri, Siavash; Noorizad, Samad

2017-10-01

Using peripheral nerve block compared to general anesthesia has gained more popularity due to reduced postoperative pain, less need for post-surgery analgesic drugs, reduced incidence of nausea, shortness of PACU time, and increased patient satisfaction. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of ketamine and dexamethasone as additives to lidocaine on duration and onset of axillary block action. In this clinical trial, all patients who referred to Hazrat-e-Fatemeh hospital for forearm and hand soft tissue surgery with informed consent were randomly divided into three groups in order to examine the onset and duration of axillary block: lidocaine + ketamine, lidocaine + dexamethasone in axillary block, and lidocaine alone (control). Then, the onset and duration of sensory and motor blocks were measured and recorded every three minutes and after the surgery. Quantitative and qualitative variables were analyzed using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test and Chi-square or Fisher exact test in SPSS v.22. Duration of sensory and motor block axillary was significantly higher in lidocaine + dexamethasone group than in lidocaine + ketamine group (P block axillary between the three groups (P > 0.05). According to the results of our study, we can conclude that adding dexamethasone or ketamine to lidocaine could improve duration of sensory and motor axillary block in patients undergoing forearm and hand soft tissue surgery. However, dexamethasone had the highest effect on duration of block axillary. We proved that dexamethasone or ketamine added to lidocaine had no effect on the onset of block axillary.

[Nutritional characterization of produced fish for human consumption in Bucaramanga, Colombia].

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Perea, Aide; Gómez, Elieth; Mayorga, Yamile; Triana, Cora Yohanna

2008-03-01

This research involves the nutritional characterization of the most commonly cultivated fish in the region. The species under study were: Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii), tilapia roja (Oreocliromis sp), cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus), bocachico (Prochilodus reticulatus magdalenae) and catfish (Pseudoplatystoma faciatum). A sea fish, coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), was used as reference because it is the imported species most used in the region, and it also contains n-3 fatty acids. For each fish sample moisture, ash, protein content, total fat, minerals (iron, calcium and phosphorous) and a fatty acid profile were determined. Results show a total protein content in between 16.4 and 22.6 g/100 g fillet for fresh water fish. Total fat amounts for trout are the highest (8.1 g/100 g fillet), while catfish has the lowest fat content (0.4 g/100 g fillet). Trout was found to be the most important source of n-3 fatty acids (EPA+DHA) and phosphorous, with values ranging from 0.25% to 0.52%, and 250 to 346 mg/100 g fillet, respectively. Catfish and trout exhibited the highest iron content, with values ranging from 3 to 6mg/100 g fillet. Salmon, on the other hand, showed a high n-3 fatty acid content of 1.16% to 2.25%, when compared to fresh water fish. Calcium content is low in all species under scrutiny. Fresh water fish, other than trout, show no significant amount of n-3 fatty acids. However, all of them are a good source of protein. The obtained results allowed to determine the profile of oily acids of produced fish for human consumption in the region, demonstrating that the trout is the species with major quantity of oily acids n-3 specially DHA and of the minerals the phosphorus. Other species (kinds) catfish, bocachico, tilapia and cachama, are not a source of oily acids n-3, but they are an important source of protein.

EVALUACIÓN DE LA RESTRICCIÓN ALIMENTICIA SOBRE EL DESEMPEÑO PRODUCTIVO Y FISIOLÓGICO EN JUVENILES DE CACHAMA BLANCA, Piaractus brachypomus, EN CONDICIONES DE LABORATORIO

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L. Rodríguez

2011-01-01

muscular de proteína y energía. En cuanto al diseño experimental, este fue completamenteal azar, con cuatro tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones, cada una con cuatroindividuos. Se seleccionaron 64 individuos con 58,40 ± 6,56 g de peso (P y 14,65 ±0,75 cm de longitud total (LT, distribuidos aleatoriamente en 16 acuarios y sometidosdurante ocho semanas a los siguientes tratamientos: de control (T0: alimentación diaria;tratamiento 1 (T1: un día de ayuno y uno de alimentación; tratamiento 2 (T2:tres días de ayuno y dos días de alimentación, y tratamiento 3 (T3: dos días de ayunoy tres de alimentación. Se utilizó alimento de 35% de proteína, suministrado al 3%de la biomasa total dos veces al día. Al culminar el periodo experimental, los animalesexperimentales se anestesiaron y se les tomaron muestras de sangre para evaluar diferentesparámetros metabólicos y hormonales. Posteriormente, se sacrificaron, pesarony midieron; luego, se pesaron sus vísceras y una porción de músculo blanco se obtuvopara determinar el contenido de proteína y energía. Al final del ensayo, se calculó la sobrevivencia. Luego, de acuerdo con los resultados,se concluyó que no hubo diferencias significativas en la mayoría de los parámetrosanalizados, por lo que se infiere que los juveniles de cachama blanca son capaces deadaptarse metabólicamente a la carencia parcial de alimento y optimizar la respuesta en su desempeño.

[Impact of postoperative cognitive decline in quality of life: a prospective study].

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Borges, Joana; Moreira, Joana; Moreira, Adriano; Santos, Alice; Abelha, Fernando J

Regardless the progress in perioperative care postoperative cognitive decline (PCD) has been accepted unequivocally as a significant and frequent complication of surgery in older patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of postoperative cognitive decline and its influence on quality of life three months after surgery. Observational, prospective study in a Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) in patients aged above 45 years, after elective major surgery. Cognitive function was assessed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA); Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Assessments were performed preoperatively (T0) and 3 months after surgery (T3). Forty-one patients were studied. The incidence of PCD 3 months after surgery was 24%. At T3 MOCA scores were lower in patients with PCD (median 20 vs. 25, p=0.009). When comparing the median scores for each of SF-36 domains, there were no differences between patients with and without PCD. In patients with PCD, and comparing each of SF-36 domains obtained before and three months after surgery, had similar scores for every of the 8 SF-36 areas while patients without PCD had better scores for six domains. At T3 patients with PCD presented with higher levels of dependency in personal activities of daily living (ADL). Three months after surgery patients without PCD had significant improvement in MOCA scores. Patients with PCD obtained no increase in SF-36 scores but patients without PCD improved in almost all SF-36 domains. Patients with PCD presented higher rates of dependency in personal ADL after surgery. Copyright © 2017. Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda.

Outcome after hepatectomy-delirium as an independent predictor for mortality.

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Veiga, Dalila; Luís, Clara; Parente, Daniela; Abelha, Fernando

2013-02-02

Most studies that follow up hepatectomy cases are limited in scope to an investigation of mortality and morbidity rates or the costs and length of hospital stay. In this study the authors aimed to characterize the quality of life and to evaluate mortality and its determinants after hepatectomy. This prospective study was carried in a Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU) over 15 months, and 70 patients submitted to hepatectomy were enrolled. Demographic and peri-operative characteristics were evaluated for associations with mortality. At admission and 6 months after discharge, patients completed a Short Form-36 questionnaire (SF-36) and have their independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) was evaluated. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate of associations with mortality, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare SF-36 scores before and after 6 months after hepatectomy. The mortality rate was 19% at 6 months. Multivariate analysis identified postoperative delirium as an independent determinant for mortality. Six months after discharge, 46% patients stated that their health in general was better or much better than that 1 year previously. Six months after hepatectomy, patients had worse scores in the physical function domain of SF-36; however, scores for all the other domains did not differ. At this time point, patients were more dependent in instrumental ADL than before surgery (32% versus 7%, p = 0.027). This study identified postoperative delirium as an independent risk factor for mortality 6 months after hepatectomy. After 6 months, survivors were more dependent in instrumental ADL tasks and had worse scores in the physical function domain of SF-36.

Bilateral Breast Reduction Without Opioid Analgesics: A Comparative Study.

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Parsa, Fereydoun Don; Cheng, Justin; Stephan, Brad; Castel, Nikki; Kim, Leslie; Murariu, Daniel; Parsa, Alan A

2017-09-01

Breast reduction has traditionally been performed under general anesthesia with adjunct opioid use. However, opioids are associated with a wide variety of adverse effects, including nausea, vomiting, constipation, postoperative sedation, dizziness, and addiction. This study compares bilateral breast reduction using a multimodal opioid-free pain management regimen vs traditional general anesthesia with adjunct opioids. A total of 83 female patients were enrolled in this study. Group 1 includes a retrospective series of 39 patients that underwent breast reduction via general anesthesia with adjunct opioid use. This series was compared to 2 prospective groups of patients who did not receive opioids either preoperatively or intraoperatively. In group 2, twenty-six patients underwent surgery under intravenous sedation and local anesthesia. In group 3, eighteen patients underwent surgery with general anesthesia. All patients in groups 2 and 3 received preoperative gabapentin and celecoxib along with infiltration of local anesthetics during the operation and prior to discharge to the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). Primary outcome measures included the duration of surgery, time from end of operation to discharge home, postoperative opioid and antiemetic use, and unplanned postoperative hospitalizations. When compared to group 1, groups 2 and 3 experienced a shorter time from end of operation to discharge home (P opioid use (P opioid-free bilateral breast reduction either under local or general anesthesia as an outpatient. This method resulted in significantly less morbidity, use of opioids postoperatively, as well as unplanned hospital admissions compared to "traditional" breast reduction under general anesthesia with the use of opioids. 3. © 2017 The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Inc. Reprints and permission: journals.permissions@oup.com

Causes, costs, and risk factors for unplanned return visits after adenotonsillectomy in children.

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Duval, Melanie; Wilkes, Jacob; Korgenski, Kent; Srivastava, Rajendu; Meier, Jeremy

2015-10-01

To review the causes, costs, and risk factors for unplanned return visits and readmissions after pediatric adenotonsillectomy (T&A). Review of administrative database of outpatient adenotonsillectomy performed at any facility within a vertically integrated health care system in the Intermountain West on children age 1-18 years old between 1998 and 2012. Data reviewed included demographic variables, diagnosis associated with return visit and costs associated with return visits. Data from 39,906 children aged 1-18 years old were reviewed. A total of 2499 (6.3%) children had unplanned return visits. The most common reasons for return visits were bleeding (2.3%), dehydration, (2.3%) and throat pain (1.2%). After multivariate analysis, the main risk factors for any type of return visits were Medicaid insurance (OR=1.64 95% CI 1.47-1.84), Hispanic race (OR=1.36 95% CI 1.13-1.64), and increased severity of illness (SOI) (OR=11.29 95% CI 2.69-47.4 for SOI=3). The only factor associated with increased odds of requiring an inpatient admission on return visit was length of time spent in PACU (prelationship was also observed between the child's age and the risk of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage. Children with increased severity of illness, those insured with Medicaid, and children of Hispanic ethnicity should be targeted with increased education and interventions in order to reduce unplanned visits after T&A. Further studies on post-tonsillectomy complications should include evaluating the effect of surgical technique and post-operative pain management on all complications and not solely post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Postoperative Shivering Among Cannabis Users at a Public Hospital in Trinidad, West Indies.

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Sankar-Maharaj, Sasha; Chen, Deryk; Hariharan, Seetharaman

2018-02-01

Postoperative shivering has been anecdotally observed to be frequent and severe in Cannabis smokers following general anesthesia in the Caribbean. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency and intensity of postoperative shivering in Cannabis users versus non-users. A prospective, cross-sectional, observational design was used. Demographic data were obtained. Patients were grouped into Cannabis users and non-users. All patients received standardized general anesthesia and were administered warmed fluids intraoperatively. Ambient room temperatures and clinical data were recorded. Patients' core body temperature was recorded at 10-minute intervals both in the operating room and the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Postoperatively an independent observer assessed the patients who had shivering using a scoring system ranging from 0 to 3. Treatment for shivering and post-treatment shivering scores were also recorded. Fifty-five patients were studied, of which 71% were male. There were 25 (45%) Cannabis users, of which 50% smoked 10 joints per week; 30 (55%) patients were non-users. The overall incidence of postoperative shivering was 36%; 16% had a shivering score of '3', 13% had '2' and 7% had a score of '1'. The incidence of postoperative shivering among Cannabis users was 40% while it was 33.3% in non-users. Also, 90% of Cannabis users had shivering scores of 2 and 3, compared to 70% of non-users. There was a higher incidence and intensity of shivering in Cannabis smokers, although the study could not establish a statistically significant difference in the frequency and severity of shivering between Cannabis users and non-users. Copyright © 2016 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Posterior all-pedicle screw instrumentation combined with multiple chevron and concave rib osteotomies in the treatment of adolescent congenital kyphoscoliosis.

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Ayvaz, Mehmet; Olgun, Z Deniz; Demirkiran, H Gokhan; Alanay, Ahmet; Yazici, Muharrem

2014-01-01

Congenital kyphoscoliosis is a disorder that often requires surgical treatment. Although many methods of surgical treatment exist, posterior-only vertebral column resection with instrumentation and fusion seem to have become the gold standard for very severe and very rigid curves. Multiple chevron and concave rib osteotomies have been previously reported to be effective in the treatment of neglected severe idiopathic curves. We hypothesized that this method may also be used successfully in the treatment of congenital kyphoscoliosis. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of multiple chevron osteotomies combined with concave rib osteotomy and posterior pedicle screw instrumentation. Retrospective chart review in the spine service of a large university hospital. Adolescent patients undergoing a specific surgical treatment for the indication of rigid congenital kyphoscoliotic deformity. Radiographic images were used for the measurement of deformity correction. The Turkish version of the Scoliosis Research Society 22 (SRS-22) Patient Questionnaire has been used as a clinical outcome measure in the patient population. A retrospective chart review was performed. Patients admitted to Hacettepe Hospital Spine Center during the period of 2005 to 2009 were included. Criteria for inclusion were as follows: adolescent age group (10-16 years); congenital kyphoscoliosis; formation and/or segmentation defect of at least two vertebral motion segments; surgical treatment of deformity by posterior all-pedicle screw instrumentation, multiple chevron osteotomies, and multiple concave rib osteotomies; follow-up of at least 24 months; and a complete set of preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up standing posteroanterior and lateral full spinal radiographs. The patients' hospital records and X-rays were reviewed. Duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative transfusion requirements, postoperative stay in postanesthesia care unit (PACU), time of hospitalization, and

ANÁLISIS ESTRUCTURAL DE FILETES SAJADOS DE HÍBRIDO DE CACHAMA Piaractus braquypomus x Colossoma macropomum UTILIZANDO BACTERIOCINAS PRODUCIDAS POR Lactobacillus plantarum LPBM10 EMPACADO AL VACÍO

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Héctor Suárez M

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Objective. To determine microstructure, texture and sensory changes in cut cachama hybrid fillets. Materials and methods. Hybrid fillets that were vacuum packed for 30 days at 3°C were analyzed after preservative treatments by crude bacteriocins extract, lactic acid, and control by light microscopy. Results. Space among the muscle fibers increased gradually and the architectural arrangement was altered in all treatments throughout the entire storage period. The lowest alteration in connective tissue degradation and lowest increment in spaces between the muscular fibers was observed with the crude bacteriocin extract treatment. The instrumental textural analysis showed no statistical difference in the stability loss of tissues from fillets among treatments. Sensory analysis indicated that the lancing treatment was effective in diminishing the negative effect of intramuscular bones. The best scores were for cutting fillets with the bacteriocin treatment. Conclusions. The meat texture of fillets was affected during the storage period. Lancing is a procedure that enables the use of fillets without encountering the intramuscular bone problem. The use of crude bacteriocins extract prolongs the shelf-life of fillets.

The influence of various anesthesia techniques on postoperative recovery and discharge criteria among geriatric patients

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Dilsen Ornek

2010-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: We aim to compare selective spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia with regard to postoperative recovery and fast-track eligibility in day surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Sixty geriatric outpatient cases, with ASA II-III physical status and requiring shortduration transurethral intervention, were enrolled in the study. The cases were split into 2 groups: as general anesthesia (Group GA and selective spinal anesthesia (Group SSA. Group GA (n = 30 received propofol 2 mg kg-1 (until loss of eyelash reflex, remifentanil induction 0.5-1 µg kg-1, and laryngeal mask. Maintenance was achieved by 4-6% desflurane in 60% N2O and 40% O2 along with remifentanil infusion at 0.05 µg /kg-1 /min-1. Drugs were discontinued after the withdrawal of the ureteroscope, and extubation was carried out with 100% O2. Group SSA (n = 30 received 0.5% spinal anesthesia via L4-5 space by 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 5 mg. Anesthesia preparation time, time to surgical anesthesia level, postoperative fast-tracking, and time to White-Song recovery score of 12, were noted. In the operating room, we evaluated hemodynamics, nausea/vomiting, surgeon and patient satisfaction with anesthesia, perioperative midazolam-fentanyl administration, postoperative pain, and discharge time. RESULTS: Anesthesia preparation time, length of surgery, anesthesia-related time in the operating room, time to sit, and time to walk were significantly low in Group GA (p < 0.05, whereas time to fast-track eligibility, length of stay in the PACU, discharge time, and other parameters were similar in both of the groups. CONCLUSION: While anesthesia preparation time, length of surgery, start time of surgery, time to sit, and time to walk were shorter in the General Anesthesia group, time to fast-track eligibility, phase 1 recovery time, and discharge time were similar among patients subjected to selective spinal anesthesia.

Ultrasound-Guided Out-of-Plane vs. In-Plane Interscalene Catheters: A Randomized, Prospective Study.

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Schwenk, Eric S; Gandhi, Kishor; Baratta, Jaime L; Torjman, Marc; Epstein, Richard H; Chung, Jaeyoon; Vaghari, Benjamin A; Beausang, David; Bojaxhi, Elird; Grady, Bernadette

2015-12-01

Continuous interscalene blocks provide excellent analgesia after shoulder surgery. Although the safety of the ultrasound-guided in-plane approach has been touted, technical and patient factors can limit this approach. We developed a caudad-to-cephalad out-of-plane approach and hypothesized that it would decrease pain ratings due to better catheter alignment with the brachial plexus compared to the in-plane technique in a randomized, controlled study. To compare an out-of-plane interscalene catheter technique to the in-plane technique in a randomized clinical trial. Eighty-four patients undergoing open shoulder surgery were randomized to either the in-plane or out-of-plane ultrasound-guided continuous interscalene technique. The primary outcome was VAS pain rating at 24 hours. Secondary outcomes included pain ratings in the recovery room and at 48 hours, morphine consumption, the incidence of catheter dislodgments, procedure time, and block difficulty. Procedural data and all pain ratings were collected by blinded observers. There were no differences in the primary outcome of median VAS pain rating at 24 hours between the out-of-plane and in-plane groups (1.50; IQR, [0 - 4.38] vs. 1.25; IQR, [0 - 3.75]; P = 0.57). There were also no differences, respectively, between out-of-plane and in-plane median PACU pain ratings (1.0; IQR, [0 - 3.5] vs. 0.25; IQR, [0 - 2.5]; P = 0.08) and median 48-hour pain ratings (1.25; IQR, [1.25 - 2.63] vs. 0.50; IQR, [0 - 1.88]; P = 0.30). There were no differences in any other secondary endpoint. Our out-of-plane technique did not provide superior analgesia to the in-plane technique. It did not increase the number of complications. Our technique is an acceptable alternative in situations where the in-plane technique is difficult to perform.

Developing a tool to measure pharmacoeconomic outcomes of post-surgical pain management interventions.

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Keller, Deborah S; Smalarz, Amy; Haas, Eric M

2016-01-01

Financial pressures have limited the ability of providers to use medication that may improve clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. New interventions are often fraught with resistance from individual cost centers. A value realization tool (VRT) is essential for separate cost centers to communicate and comprehend the overall financial and clinical implications of post-surgical pain management medication interventions (PSMI). The goal was to describe development of a VRT. An evaluation of common in-patient PSMI approaches, impacts, and costs was performed. A multidisciplinary task force guided development of the VRT to ensure appropriate representation and relevance to clinical practice. The main outcome was an Excel-based tool that communicates the overall cost/benefit of PSMI for the post-operative patient encounter. The VRT aggregated input data on costs, clinical impact, and nursing burden of PSMI assessment and monitoring into two high-level outcome reports: Overall Cost Impact and Nurse & Patient Impact. Costs included PSMI specific medication, equipment, professional placement, labor, overall/opioid-related adverse events, re-admissions, and length of stay. Nursing impact included level of practice interference, job satisfaction, and patient care metrics. Patient impact included pain scores, opioid use, PACU time, and satisfaction. Reference data was provided for individual institutions that may not collect all variables included in the VRT. The VRT is a valuable way for administrators to assess PSMI cost/benefits and for individual cost centers to see the overall value of individual interventions. The user-friendly, decision-support tool allows the end-user to use built-in referenced or personalized outcome data, increasing relevance to their institutions. This broad picture could facilitate communication across cost centers and evidence-based decisions for appropriate use and impacts of PSMI.

Comparison of streamlined liner of the pharynx airway (SLIPA TM with the laryngeal mask airway Proseal TM for lower abdominal laparoscopic surgeries in paralyzed, anesthetized patients

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Ashraf Abualhassan Abdellatif

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Context: Supraglottic airway devices have been used as an alternative to tracheal intubation during laparoscopic surgery. Aims: The study was designed to compare the efficacy of Streamlined Liner of the Pharynx Airway (SLIPA for positive pressure ventilation and postoperative complications with the Laryngeal Mask Airway ProSeal (PLMA for patients undergoing lower abdominal laparoscopies under general anesthesia with controlled ventilation. Settings and Design: Prospective, crossover randomized controlled trial performed on patients undergoing lower abdominal laparoscopic surgeries. Methods: A total of 120 patients undergoing lower abdominal laparoscopic surgeries were randomly allocated into two equal groups; PLMA and SLIPA groups. Number of intubation attempts, insertion time, ease of insertion, and fiberoptic bronchoscopic view were recorded. Lung mechanics data were collected 5 minutes after securing the airway, then after abdominal insufflation. Blood traces and regurgitation were checked for; postoperative sore throat and other complications were recorded. Statistical Analysis: Arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were calculated and statistical analyses were performed for each group. Independent sample t-test was used to compare continuous variables exhibiting normal distribution, and Chi-squared test for noncontinuous variables. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Insertion time, first insertion success rate, and ease of insertion were comparable in both groups. Fiberoptic bronchoscopic view was significantly better and epiglottic downfolding was significantly lower in SLIPA group. Sealing pressure and lung mechanics were similar. Gastric distension was not observed in both groups. Postoperative sore throat was significantly higher in PACU in PLMA group. Blood traces on the device were significantly more in SLIPA group. Conclusions: SLIPA can be used as a useful alternative to PLMA in patients undergoing lower

The impact of music on postoperative pain and anxiety following cesarean section.

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Reza, Nikandish; Ali, Sahmedini Mohammad; Saeed, Khademi; Abul-Qasim, Avand; Reza, Tabatabaee Hamid

2007-10-01

The relief of post-cesarean delivery pain is important. Good pain relief improves mobility and reduces the risk of thromboembolic disease, which may have been increased during pregnancy. Pain may impair the mother's ability to optimally care for her infant in the immediate postpartum period and may adversely affect early interactions between mother and infant. It is necessary, therefore that pain relief be safe and effective and results in no adverse neonatal effects during breast-feeding. Music may be considered as a potential method of post cesarean pain therapy due to its noninvasiveness and lack of side effects. In this study we evaluated the effect of intraoperative music under general anesthesia for reducing the postoperative morphine requirements after cesarean section. In a double blind placebo-controlled trial, 100 women (ASA I) scheduled for elective cesarean section under general anesthesia, were randomly allocated into two groups of fifty. After standardization of anesthesia, patients in the music group were exposed to a compact disk of Spanish guitar after induction of anesthesia up to the time of wound dressing. In the control group patients were exposed to white music. Post operative pain and anxiety were evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) up to six hours after discharge from PACU. Morphine was given intravenously for reducing pain to VAS 0.05). In addition, morphine requirements were not different between two groups at different time intervals up to six hours postoperatively (P>0.05). There were not statistically significant difference between two groups regarding postoperative anxiety score and vomiting frequency (P>0.05). As per conditions of this study, intraoperative Spanish music was not effective in reducing postoperative pain after cesarean section. In addition postoperative morphine requirement, anxiety, and vomiting were not affected by the music during general anesthesia.

Comparison of single-injection ultrasound-guided approach versus multilevel landmark-based approach for thoracic paravertebral blockade for breast tumor resection: a retrospective analysis at a tertiary care teaching institution

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Saran JS

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Jagroop Singh Saran,1 Amie L Hoefnagel,1 Kristin A Skinner,2 Changyong Feng,3 Daryl Irving Smith1 1Acute Pain Service, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 3Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA Background: The role of thoracic paravertebral blockade (TPVB in decreasing opioid requirements in breast cancer surgery is well documented, and there is mounting evidence that this may improve survival and reduce the rate of malignancy recurrence following cancer-related mastectomy. We compared the two techniques currently in use at our institution, the anatomic landmark-guided (ALG multilevel versus an ultrasound-guided (USG single injection, to determine an optimal technique.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of patients who received TPVB from January 2013 to December 2014. Perioperative opioid use, post anesthesia care unit (PACU pain scores and length of stay, block performance, and complications were compared between the two groups.Results: We found no statistical difference between the two approaches in the studied outcomes. We did find that the number of times attending physicians in the ALG group took over the blocks from residents was significantly greater than that of the USG group (p=0.006 and more local anesthetic was used in the USG group (p=0.04.Conclusion: This study compared the ALG approach with the USG approach for patients undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer. Based on our observations, an attending physician is more likely to take over an ALG injection, and more local anesthetic is administered during USG single injection. Keywords: thoracic paravertebral block, regional anesthesia, mastectomy, breast cancer 

Elevated Extravascular Lung Water Index (ELWI) as a Predictor of Failure of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Via Helmet (Helmet-CPAP) in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure After Major Surgery.

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Redondo Calvo, Francisco Javier; Bejarano Ramirez, Natalia; Uña Orejon, Rafael; Villazala Garcia, Ruben; Yuste Peña, Ana Sofia; Belda, Francisco Javier

2015-11-01

NIV is increasingly used for prevention and treatment of respiratory complications and failure. Some of them are admitted to the PACU with advanced hemodynamic monitors which allow quantification of Extravascular Lung Water (EVLW) by transpulmonary thermodilution technique (TPTD) and Pulmonary Vascular Permeability (PVP) providing information on lung edema. The objective of this study was to ascertain if EVLW Index and PVP Index may predict failure (intubation) or success (non-intubation) in patients developing acute respiratory failure (ARF) in the postoperative period following major abdominal surgery, where the first line of treatment was non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure via a helmet. Hemodynamic variables, EVLWI and PVPI were monitored with a transpulmonary thermodilution hemodynamic monitor device (PiCCO™) before and after the application of CPAP. Avoidance of intubation was observed in 66% of patients with Helmet-CPAP. In these patients after the first hour of application of CPAP, PaO2/FiO2 ratio significantly increased (303.33±65.2 vs. 141.6±14.6, P<.01). Before starting Helmet-CPAP values of EVLWI and PVPI were significantly lower in non-intubated patients (EVLWI 8.6±1.08 vs. 11.8±0.99ml/kg IBW, P<.01 and PVPI 1.7±0.56 vs. 3.0±0.88, P<.01). An optimal cut-off value for EVLWI was established at 9.5, and at 2.45 for PVPI (sensitivity of 0.7; specificity of 0.9, P<.01). In this type of patient the physiological parameters that predict the failure of Helmet-CPAP with the greatest accuracy were the value of the EVLWI and PVPI before Helmet-CPAP institution and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and the respiratory rate after one hour of CPAP. Copyright © 2014 SEPAR. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Mercury Levels in Human Hair and Farmed Fish near Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Communities in the Madre de Dios River Basin, Peru

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Aubrey L. Langeland

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM has been an important source of income for communities in the Madre de Dios River Basin in Peru for hundreds of years. However, in recent decades, the scale of ASGM activities in the region has increased dramatically, and exposures to a variety of occupational and environmental hazards related to ASGM, including mercury, are becoming more widespread. The aims of our study were to: (1 examine patterns in the total hair mercury level of human participants in several communities in the region and compare these results to the 2.2 µg/g total hair mercury level equivalent to the World Health Organization (WHO Expert Committee of Food Additives (JECFA’s Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI; and (2, to measure the mercury levels of paco (Piaractus brachypomus fish raised in local aquaculture ponds, in order to compare these levels to the EPA Fish Tissue Residue Criterion of 0.3 µg Hg/g fish (wet weight. We collected hair samples from 80 participants in four communities (one control and three where ASGM activities occurred in the region, and collected 111 samples from fish raised in 24 local aquaculture farms. We then analyzed the samples for total mercury. Total mercury levels in hair were statistically significantly higher in the mining communities than in the control community, and increased with increasing geodesic distance from the Madre de Dios headwaters, did not differ by sex, and frequently exceeded the reference level. Regression analyses indicated that higher hair mercury levels were associated with residence in ASGM communities. The analysis of paco fish samples found no samples that exceeded the EPA tissue residue criterion. Collectively, these results align with other recent studies showing that ASGM activities are associated with elevated human mercury exposure. The fish farmed through the relatively new process of aquaculture in ASGM areas appeared to have little potential to contribute

Mercury Levels in Human Hair and Farmed Fish near Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Communities in the Madre de Dios River Basin, Peru.

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Langeland, Aubrey L; Hardin, Rebecca D; Neitzel, Richard L

2017-03-14

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) has been an important source of income for communities in the Madre de Dios River Basin in Peru for hundreds of years. However, in recent decades, the scale of ASGM activities in the region has increased dramatically, and exposures to a variety of occupational and environmental hazards related to ASGM, including mercury, are becoming more widespread. The aims of our study were to: (1) examine patterns in the total hair mercury level of human participants in several communities in the region and compare these results to the 2.2 µg/g total hair mercury level equivalent to the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee of Food Additives (JECFA)'s Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI); and (2), to measure the mercury levels of paco ( Piaractus brachypomus ) fish raised in local aquaculture ponds, in order to compare these levels to the EPA Fish Tissue Residue Criterion of 0.3 µg Hg/g fish (wet weight). We collected hair samples from 80 participants in four communities (one control and three where ASGM activities occurred) in the region, and collected 111 samples from fish raised in 24 local aquaculture farms. We then analyzed the samples for total mercury. Total mercury levels in hair were statistically significantly higher in the mining communities than in the control community, and increased with increasing geodesic distance from the Madre de Dios headwaters, did not differ by sex, and frequently exceeded the reference level. Regression analyses indicated that higher hair mercury levels were associated with residence in ASGM communities. The analysis of paco fish samples found no samples that exceeded the EPA tissue residue criterion. Collectively, these results align with other recent studies showing that ASGM activities are associated with elevated human mercury exposure. The fish farmed through the relatively new process of aquaculture in ASGM areas appeared to have little potential to contribute to human

Sevoflurane-emergence agitation: Effect of supplementary low-dose oral ketamine premedication in preschool children undergoing dental surgery

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Khattab Ahmed

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Background and Objectives: The use of sevoflurane in pediatric anesthesia, which could enable a more rapid emergence and recovery, is complicated by the frequent occurrence of post-anesthesia agitation. This study aims to test the efficacy of adding a low dose of ketamine orally, as a supplement to the midazolam-based oral premedication for reducing sevoflurane-related emergence agitation. Materials and Methods: Ninety-two preschool children, aged between two and six years, with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II, scheduled for elective dental filling and extractions under general anesthesia were included. The patients were allocated into two groups: Group M (46 patients received oral midazolam 0.5 mg/kg, mixed with ibuprofen 10 mg/kg, while group KM (46 patients received a similar premedication mixture, in addition to ketamine 2 mg/kg. The acceptance of the drug mixture, the onset of action, and the occurrence of vomiting were monitored over the next 30 minutes. Induction of anesthesia was carried out using sevoflurane 8 Vol% in 100% oxygen via face mask. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane 1.5-2 Vol% in an oxygen-nitrous oxide mixture. After extubation, the standard scoring scale was used for assessing the quality of emergence. Agitation parameters were measured using a five-point scale. Agitated children were managed by giving intravenous increments of fentanyl 1 μg/ kg. The time of hospital discharge allowance was recorded. Results: Drug palatability, vomiting, and onset of action of premedication; showed no significant differences between both groups. Time of eye opening after discontinuation of sevoflurane showed no significant differences between both groups. Postoperative agitation score and rescue fentanyl consumption were higher in group M than in group KM on admission to the PACU ( P < 0.01. The time of hospital discharge allowance in group M was longer than in group KM ( P< 0.05. Conclusion

The Effect of Intra-articular Cocktail Versus Femoral Nerve Block for Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy.

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Childs, Sean; Pyne, Sonia; Nandra, Kiritpaul; Bakhsh, Wajeeh; Mustafa, S Atif; Giordano, Brian D

2017-12-01

To compare clinical efficacy and complication rate as measured by postoperative falls and development of peripheral neuritis between intra-articular blockade and femoral nerve block in patients undergoing arthroscopic hip surgery. An institutional review board approved retrospective review was conducted on a consecutive series of patients who underwent elective arthroscopic hip surgery by a single surgeon, between November 2013 and April 2015. Subjects were stratified into 2 groups: patients who received a preoperative femoral nerve block for perioperative pain control, and patients who received an intra-articular "cocktail" injection postoperatively. Demographic data, perioperative pain scores, narcotic consumption, incidence of falls, and iatrogenic peripheral neuritis were collected for analysis. Postoperative data were then collected at routine clinical visits. A total of 193 patients were included in this study (65 males, 125 females). Of them, 105 patients received preoperative femoral nerve blocks and 88 patients received an intraoperative intra-articular "cocktail." There were no significant differences in patient demographics, history of chronic pain (P = .35), worker's compensation (P = .24), preoperative pain scores (P = .69), or intraoperative doses of narcotics (P = .40). Patients who received preoperative femoral nerve blocks reported decreased pain during their time in PACU (P = .0001) and on hospital discharge (P = .28); however, there were no statistically significant differences in patient-reported pain scores at postoperative weeks 1 (P = .34), 3 (P = .64), and 6 (P = .70). Administration of an intra-articular block was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of postoperative falls (P = .009) and iatrogenic peripheral neuritis (P = .0001). Preoperative femoral nerve blocks are associated with decreased immediate postoperative pain, whereas intraoperative intra-articular anesthetic injections provide effective postoperative

Aromatherapy for the treatment of PONV in children: a pilot RCT.

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Kiberd, Mathew B; Clarke, Suzanne K; Chorney, Jill; d'Eon, Brandon; Wright, Stuart

2016-11-09

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common postoperative complications of general anesthesia in pediatrics. Aromatherapy has been shown to be effective in treating PONV in adults. Given the encouraging results of the adult studies, we planned to determine feasibility of doing a large-scale study in the pediatric population. Our group conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial examining the effect of aromatherapy on post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients 4-16 undergoing ambulatory surgery at a single center. Nausea was defined as a score of 4/10 on the Baxter Retching Faces Scale (BARF scale). A clinically significant reduction was defined as a two-point reduction in Nausea. Post operatively children were administered the BARF scale in 15 min internals until discharge home or until nausea score of 4/10 or greater. Children with nausea were randomized to saline placebo group or aromatherapy QueaseEase™ (Soothing Scents, Inc, Enterprise, AL: blend of ginger, lavender, mint and spearmint). Nausea scores were recorded post intervention. A total of 162 subjects were screened for inclusion in the study. Randomization occurred in 41 subjects of which 39 were included in the final analysis. For the primary outcome, 14/18 (78 %) of controls reached primary outcome compared to 19/21 (90 %) in the aromatherapy group (p = 0.39, Eta 0.175). Other outcomes included use of antiemetic in PACU (control 44 %, aromatherapy 52 % P = 0.75, Eta 0.08), emesis (Control 11 %, 9 % aromatherapy, P = 0.87, Eta = 0.03). There was a statistically significant difference in whether subjects continued to use the intervention (control 28 %, aromatherapy 66 %, p-value 0.048, Eta 0.33). Aromatherapy had a small non-significant effect size in treating postoperative nausea and vomiting compared with control. A large-scale randomized control trial would not be feasible at our institution and would be of doubtful utility. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT

Pulau Buru Masa Perang Dunia II: Perspektif Arkeo-Historis

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Syahruddin Mansyur

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Abstrak Dalam konteks kawasan, keberadaan tinggalan arkeologi berupa sarana pertahanan masa Perang Dunia II di Pulau Buru tidak lepas dari konteks geografis, dimana Kepulauan Maluku – termasuk Pulau Buru merupakan bagian dari kawasan Pasifik. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam tulisan ini adalah mengungkap berbagai bentuk sarana pertahanan dan lokasi keberadaannmya, serta informasi historis yang terkait dengan Perang Dunia II di Pulau Buru. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan analogi sejarah, penelitian ini berhasil mengidentifikasi bentuk-bentuk sarana pertahanan yang masih dapat diamati berupa; fasilitas landasan pacu, pillbox dan lokasi pendaratan pasukan Australia. Hasil pembahasan juga berhasil mengungkap peran wilayah Pulau Buru yang merupakan wilayah strategis baik bagi militer Jepang maupun pasukan sekutu dalam Perang Dunia II. Peran wilayah yang strategis ini tidak lepas dari posisi geografis Pulau Buru yang dapat menghubungkan Philipina yang ada di bagian utara, Ambon yang ada di sebelah timur, serta Pulau Timor yang ada di bagian selatan.   Abstract In the context of the region, the presence of archaeological remains in the form of means of defense during World War II on the island of Buru can not be separated from the geographical context, where the Maluku Islands - including the Buru is part of the Pacific region. The problems studied in this paper is to reveal some form of defense and locations, as well as historical information related to World War II on the island of Buru. By using descriptive analysis and historical analogies, this study managed to identify forms of the means of defense which can still be observed in the form; facilities runway, pillbox and Australian troops landing site. Discussion of the results also uncovered the role of the island of Buru is a strategic region for the Japanese military and allied forces in World War II. The role of a strategic area is not separated from the geographical position

Apnéia na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica: relato de caso Apnea en la sala de recuperación pós-anestésica: relato de caso Apnea in the postanesthetic recovery room: case report

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Joel Massari Rezende

2003-06-01

inducida con propofol (140 mg, fentanil (350 µg, atracúrio (30 mg y mantenida con isoflurano, dos dosis subsecuentes en bolus de atracúrio (10 mg cada y ventilación controlada mecánica. En el final de la cirugía, después de antagonización del bloqueo neuromuscular, la paciente fue extubada, obedeció a los comandos para respirar y colaboró en el pasaje a la maca, siendo transportada para la SRPA, donde llegó consciente. Minutos después presentó apnea, cianosis e inconsciencia. Fue realizada ventilación manual con oxígeno a 100% seguida de inyección de naloxona (0,2 mg por vía venosa, habiendo retorno de la ventilación espontanea y de la consciencia. CONCLUSIONES: Los cuidados ventilatorios en el pós-operatorio, durante el transporte, admisión a la SRPA, y permanencia en esa unidad, deben ser continuos en pacientes que recibieron opioides, mismo demostrando estar conscientes al dejar la sala quirúrgica.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Respiratory depression is a postoperative complication which may occur when opioids are employed in anesthesia. This report aimed at discussing a case of apnea in a conscious patient admitted to the post anesthetic recovery room, after thyroidectomy under general anesthesia with propofol, fentanyl and isoflurane. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 50 years old, 60 kg, physical status ASA I, submitted to thyroidectomy under general anesthesia induced with propofol (140 mg, fentanyl (350 µg and atracurium (30 mg, and maintained with isoflurane, two subsequent atracurium boluses (10 mg each and mechanically controlled ventilation. At surgery completion and after neuromuscular block recovery, patient was extubated, responded to breathing commands and cooperated during transfer to the stretcher, being taken to the PACU, where she arrived fully conscious. Minutes after, she was apneic, cyanotic and unresponsive. Manual ventilation was installed with 100% oxygen, followed by intravenous naloxone (0,2 mg and patient recovered spontaneous

Postoperative pain medication requirements in patients undergoing computer-assisted (“Robotic”) and standard laparoscopic procedures for newly diagnosed endometrial cancer.

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Leitao, Mario M; Malhotra, Vivek; Briscoe, Gabriel; Suidan, Rudy; Dholakiya, Priyal; Santos, Kevin; Jewell, Elizabeth L; Brown, Carol L; Sonoda, Yukio; Abu-Rustum, Nadeem R; Barakat, Richard R; Gardner, Ginger J

2013-10-01

Laparoscopy (LSC) offers superior patient outcomes compared to laparotomy. Small retrospective/prospective series have suggested robotics offers further reduction in postoperative pain and pain medication use compared to standard LSC. Our objective was to compare postoperative pain in patients undergoing robotically assisted (RBT) versus standard LSC for newly diagnosed endometrial cancer. All preoperative endometrial cancer cases scheduled for RBT and LSC from May 1, 2007 to June 9, 2010 were identified. For this analysis, we only included cases not requiring conversion to laparotomy. All patients were offered intravenous (IV) patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) postoperatively. Intraoperative equivalent fentanyl doses (IEFDs) and pain scores in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) were assessed. IV PCA was used in 206 RBTs (86 %) and 208 LSCs (88 %). Median IEFD was 425 μg for LSCs and 500 μg for RBTs (P = 0.03). Median pain scores on PACU arrival were similar in both groups. Median highest pain score was 5 for LSCs and 4 for RBTs (P = 0.007). Linear regression demonstrated that the IEFD was not correlated with the highest pain score (R = 0.09; P = 0.07). Fentanyl was used postoperatively in 196 of 206 RBTs (95 %) and 187 of 208 LSCs (90 %). The total fentanyl doses were 242.5 (range 0-2705) μg and 380 (range 0-2625) μg, respectively (P multiple regression analysis further demonstrated RBT was independently associated with a lower total fentanyl dose compared to LSC (P = 0.02). RBT is independently associated with significantly lower postoperative pain and pain medication requirements compared to LSC. The amount of intraoperative fentanyl analgesia does not appear to correlate with postoperative pain.Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, with an estimated 47,130 new cases in 2012.1 An estimated 287,100 women were diagnosed with endometrial cancer worldwide in 2008.2 Surgery is the primary treatment of choice for the

Pneumotórax hipertensivo na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica: relato de caso Pneumotórax hipertensivo en la sala de recuperación pos-anestésica: relato de caso Tension pneumothorax in post-anesthetic care unit: case report

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Ana Claudia Chiaratti Mega

2004-10-01

Recuperación Pós-Anestésica (SRPA. RELATO DEL CASO: Paciente del sexo masculino, 34 años, estado físico ASA I E, víctima de lesiones por arma de fuego. Fue sometido a laparotomía exploradora y exploración de arteria y vena femoral a derecha, sobre anestesia general balanceada con inducción en secuencia rápida, con estabilidad hemodinámica durante todo el procedimiento quirúrgico. En la SRPA, presentó instabilidad hemodinámica, con insuficiencia respiratoria, sudoresis, taquicardia e hipertensión arterial. La tomografía computadorizada de tórax evidenció hemoneumotórax a la derecha, siendo inmediatamente drenado. Fue transferido para el Centro de Terapia Intensiva, presentó mejora progresiva del cuadro, con alta hospitalar, sin secuelas, después de 22 días. CONCLUSIONES: El pneumotórax hipertensivo es una enfermedad letal que puede ser fácilmente reconocida a través del examen clínico y radiológico; debiendo ser siempre sospechado en la presencia de traumatismo torácico, y en este caso, se debe realizar inmediatamente el drenaje de tórax antes de la ventilación mecánica y de procedimientos quirúrgicos.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The incidence of pneumothorax after penetrating chest trauma is 100%. Tension pneumothorax, a high mortality rate condition, may be triggered, among other causes, by pulmonary injury not previously identified, and may also be associated to mechanical ventilation. This report presents a case of tension pneumothorax diagnosed in the Post-Anesthetic Care Unit (PACU. CASE REPORT: A 34-year-old black male patient, physical status ASA I E, victim of gunshot wound was submitted to explorative laparotomy and right femoral artery and vein exploration under general balanced anesthesia with rapid sequence induction. The patient kept hemodynamically stable throughout the procedure. However, in the PACU patient presented hemodynamic instability with respiratory failure, sweating, tachycardia and hypertension. Chest CT-scan revealed

Temporal Trends and Hydrological Controls of Fisheries Production in the Madeira River (Brazil)

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Kaplan, D. A.; Lima, M. A.; Doria, C.

2016-12-01

Amazonian river systems are characterized by a strongly seasonal flood pulse and important hydrologic effects have been observed in the dynamics of fish stocks and fishing yields. Changes in the Amazon's freshwater ecosystems from hydropower development will have a cascade of physical, ecological, and social effects and impacts on fish and fisheries are expected to be potentially irreversible. In this work we investigate shared trends and causal factors driving fish catch in the Madeira River (a major tributary of the Amazon) before dam construction to derive relationships between catch and natural hydrologic dynamics. We applied Dynamic Factor Analysis to investigate dynamics in fish catch across ten commercially important fish species in the Madeira River using daily fish landings data including species and total weight and daily hydrological data obtained from the Brazilian Geological Service. Total annual catch averaged over the 18-yr period (1990-2007) was 849 tons yr-1. Species with the highest catch included curimatã, dourada/filhote and pacu, highlighting the importance of medium and long-distance migratory species for fisheries production. We found a four-trend dynamic factor model (DFM) to best fit the observed data, assessed using the Akaike Information Criteria. Model goodness of fit was fair (R2=0.51) but highly variable across species (0.16 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.95). Fitted trends exhibited strong and regular year-to-year variation representative of the seasonal hydrologic pulsing observed on the Madeira River. Next, we considered 11 candidate explanatory time series and found the best DFM used four explanatory variables and only one common trend. While the model fit with explanatory variables was lower (R2=0.31) it removed much reliance on unknown common trends. The most important explanatory variable in this model was maximum water level followed by days flooded, river flow of the previous year and increment. We found unique responses to hydrological

Ambulatory laparoscopic tubal ligation: A comparison of general anaesthesia with local anaesthesia and sedation

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Lokesh Gupta

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Background: To compare the anaesthetic techniques for laparoscopic tubal ligation using either general anaesthesia with LMA or a combination of local anaesthetic and intravenous sedation, this study was conducted on 60 ASA-1/2 patients in the age group of 20-40 years. Patients & Methods:60 ASA grade I & II female patients undergoing laparoscopic tubal ligation on a day care basis were randomly divided in two groups- group I (GA using LMA, n=30, group II (Local anaesthesia, n=30. Both groups received similar premedication. General anaesthesia in group I was induced with propofol 2-3 mg kg -1 and following LMA insertion, the anaesthesia was maintained with 0.5-1.5% halothane. In group II the incision site was infiltrated with 10 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with adrenaline and patients were sedated with intravenous midazolam 0.07mg kg -1 and ketamine 0.5 mg kg -1 . A rescue dose of 0.15 mg kg -1 of ketamine was given in group II if the patient complained of pain or discomfort during the procedure. Diclofenac sodium 1 mg kg -1 was used for postoperative analgesia in both the groups. All patients were observed in the PACU until they met the discharge criteria. Results:The demographic profile was similar in both the groups. The induction to skin incision time was significantly more in group I (5.13 ±0.93 min vs 3.01 ±1.86 min in group II. The decrease in pulse rate and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic was also significant in group I. The incidence of intraoperative bradycardia was 16.7% and 10% in group I & group II respectively. The changes in SpO 2 during the procedure, recovery time and time to meet discharge criteria were comparable in both the groups. The incidence of PONV was 20% & 3.3% in group I and 10% & 6.6% in group II respectively. All patients in both the groups required postoperative analgesics. Conclusions:Both the techniques were found to be comparable for laparoscopic sterilization, however a longer induction to skin incision time

Avaliação do atendimento anestésico da criança e do adolescente em um hospital universitário Evaluación del servicio anestésico del niño y del adolescente en un hospital universitario Evaluation of the anesthetic management of children and adolescents in a teaching hospital

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Andressa Simões Aguiar

2005-08-01

Servicio de Anestesiología tuvieron mayor frecuencia entre 7 y 10 (97,4%. CONCLUSIONES: Se considera que el Servicio de Anestesiología desarrolla un buen trabajo, a pesar de fallos en la comunicación, que son de fácil solución y dependen más de la voluntad del Servicio que de su conocimiento científico.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Anesthetic quality and patients' satisfaction has been increasingly praised. Our objective was to evaluate anesthetic management of children and adolescents in our Hospital, by interviewing parents and/or tutors. METHODS: 230 parents or tutors of children and adolescents submitted to anesthesia in the period April-December 2003 were interviewed during the postoperative visit through a four-item questionnaire: children and adolescents and their parents or tutors identification (item 1; explanations during preanesthetic evaluation (item 2 about anesthesia (item 3 and post-anesthetic recovery (PACU (item 4. Person informing respondents was identified and the presence of post-anesthetic complications made known. Respondents have scored the Anesthesiology Department from 0 to 10. RESULTS: Survey was answered by mothers in 189 (82.2% of cases. Most respondents (114, 75.6% were aged 20 to 39 years, were married (148, 64.3%, and 140 (60.9% had no job. Anesthesiologists have introduced themselves to 89%; for 37% and 77.4% they have explained the importance and duration the fasting period; 82% were informed about anemia; 90% were informed about allergy; 46.8% were informed about PACU importance; 42.2% were explained about length of stay; 72.9% were informed about the health status of their children. There have been no concerns for 49%, 58% and 58%, respectively about pre, intra and post-anesthetic period; 78.9% would like to have been with their children at PACU arrival. Pre, intra and post-anesthetic concerns were related to patients' age and gender - no concern whatsoever for most respondents - and to respondents' education - the better the

Anesthesia Capacity in Ghana: A Teaching Hospital's Resources, and the National Workforce and Education.

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Brouillette, Mark A; Aidoo, Alfred J; Hondras, Maria A; Boateng, Nana A; Antwi-Kusi, Akwasi; Addison, William; Hermanson, Alec R

2017-12-01

of 27 million. Providers were heavily concentrated in urban areas, and NAs frequently practiced independently. Two teaching hospitals provided accredited postgraduate training modeled after European curricula to 22 anesthesia resident physicians. While important limitations to capacity exist in Ghana, the overall situation is good compared to other LMICs. Many of the challenges encountered resulted from insufficient PACU and CCU provisions and few providers. Inadequate outcomes reporting made analysis and resolution of problem areas difficult. While many shortcomings stemmed from limited funding, strengthening physician commitment to overseeing care, ensuring oxygen supplies are uninterrupted, keeping ventilators in working order, and making vital signs monitors ubiquitously available are feasible ways to increase patient safety with the tools currently in place.

Eficácia do propofol e da associação de propofol e dexametasona no controle de náusea e vômito no pós-operatório de laparoscopia ginecológica Eficacia del propofol y de la asociación de propofol y dexametasona en el control de náusea y vómito en el pós-operatorio de laparoscopia ginecológica Efficacy of propofol and propofol plus dexamethasone in controlling postoperative nausea and vomiting of gynecologic laparoscopy

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Eliana Marisa Ganem

2002-07-01

patients submitted to gynecological laparoscopy. METHODS: Forty female patients, physical status ASA I and II, aged 18 to 46 years, with no previous gastric complaint, undergoing diagnostic or surgical laparoscopy were randomly distri- buted in 2 groups: Group 1 - patients were given 2 ml IV saline solution, while Group 2 was given intravenous dexamethasone (8 mg, before anesthetic induction. All patients were premedicated with oral midazolam (7.5 mg and induced with sufentanil (0.5 µg.kg-1 and propofol targed controlled infusion (BIS 60, with N2O/O2 (F I O2=0.4 for maintenance. Neuromuscular block was obtained with atracurium (0.5 mg.kg-1. Postoperative analgesia consisted of ketoprofen (100 mg and butyl-eschopolamine plus dipirone. Patients were evaluated in the PACU and in the ward after 1, 2, 3 and 12 hours after PACU discharge. RESULTS: Both groups were identical regarding demographics data as well as surgery and anesthesia duration. One Group 1 patient referred nausea in postanesthetic care unit and in the ward, and 3 patients referred vomiting in the ward. In Group 2, no patient referred nausea and vomiting, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol or propofol plus dexamethasone were efficient in preventing PONV in patients submitted to gynecological laparoscopy.

Hemodiluição normovolêmica aguda em crianças submetidas a artrodese de coluna vertebral pela via posterior Hemodilución normovolémica aguda en niños sometidos a artrodesis de columna vertebral por la vía posterior Acute normovolemic hemodilution in children submitted to posterior spinal fusion

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Gizelda S de Oliveira

2004-02-01

el grupo S, 4 pacientes tuvieron complicaciones infecciosas importantes en el pos-operatorio. La duración del internamiento hospitalar en los grupos H y S fueron, respectivamente, 7,56 ± 3,203 días y 9,75 ± 4,245 días (p = 0,009. El grupo H recibió 3.948 ± 1.334 ml de Ringer con lactato y el grupo control 2.234 ± 953 ml (p BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution (ANH is a simple and low-cost autologous transfusion method. This study aimed at evaluating whether ANH is able to decrease homologous transfusions in children undergoing posterior spinal fusion and at verifying hemodilution-induced complications in those patients. METHODS: Participated in this study 25 children, physical status ASA I and II, submitted to posterior spinal fusion and receiving ANH (group H. Hematocrit values were recorded at surgery beginning and completion, at PACU and hospital discharge. The number of children receiving homologous transfusions during and after surgery, as well as intra and postoperative complications were also recorded. Group H data were compared to other group of children submitted to the same surgical technique, however without ANH (group S. RESULTS: Median age and weight for both groups were, respectivelly 13 and 12 years and 41.5 and 34 kg. Immediately after anesthetic induction, 523 ml (mean of blood were collected from group H, or the equivalent to 17.1% of volemia. Simultaneously, lactated Ringer's solution was started to decrease hematocrit to 28.8% ± 3.72%. At surgery completion and after autologous blood infusion, hematocrit has reached mean values of 27% in group H and 30.4% in Group S (p = 0.01. At PACU and hospital discharge, differences between hematocrits were not statistically significant. Homologous blood was transfused in 28% of Group H children and 79% of Group S children (p = 0.001. There has been arterial hypotension in 28% of Group H patients and 37.5% of Group S patients (p = 0.9. Four Group S patients had severe

Anestesia peridural contínua com ropivacaína a 0,2% associada a anestesia geral para cirurgia do abdômen superior em crianças Anestesia peridural contínua con ropivacaína a 0,2% asociada a anestesia general para cirugía del abdomen superior en niños Continuous epidural anesthesia with 0.2% ropivacaine associated to general anesthesia for upper abdominal surgery in children

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Jyrson Guilherme Klamt

2003-04-01

slower in the Sufentanil group as compared to the Propofol group during 100 minutes after beginning of surgery. Time for extubation and referral to post-anesthetic recovery unit (PACU was significantly shorter for the Propofol group, however sedation intensity and duration were longer in this group as compared to Sufentanil group. Recovery scores were similar for both groups. Three hours after PACU admission all patients were meeting criteria to be transferred to the ward. Transient arterial hypotension was observed in 2 Sufentanil group patients. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous thoracic epidural anesthesia with 0.2% ropivacaine (1.5 mg.kg-1 associated to propofol infusion provides effective and safe anesthesia for upper pediatric abdominal surgeries. Propofol infusion rate and sedation duration were decreased with the association of sufentanil.

Enfisema subcutâneo pós-amigdalectomia: relato de caso Enfisema subcutáneo después de amigdalectomia: relato del caso Subcutaneous emphysema after tonsillectomy: case report

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Walter Luiz Ferreira Lima

2005-08-01

cirugía, se notó un edema crepitante y depresible en el cuello y en la región parotídea izquierda, característico de enfisema subcutáneo. La tomografía computadorizada mostró la existencia de aire en las regiones malar y cervical (principalmente a la izquierda, alcanzando hasta el mediastino superior. No hubo obstrucción de las vías aéreas y el estado general del paciente permaneció estable. Tuvo alta hospitalario en el día siguiente y fue acompañado en el ambulatorio. El enfisema retrocedió totalmente después de 10 días. CONCLUSIONES: El enfisema subcutáneo es una complicación rara de la amigdalectomia, ocurriendo casi siempre después de disecciones profundas de la mucosa faríngea, cuando se crea interface porosa que proporciona la entrada del aire. El aumento de la presión en las vías aéreas superiores puede contribuir para el problema.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tonsillectomy is considered a relatively safe procedure. This report aimed at describing an uncommon complication of this surgical procedure: subcutaneous emphysema. CASE REPORT: Male patient, 25 years old, admitted for recurrent tonsillitis and hypertrophic nasal turbinates. Tonsillectomy and nasal cauterization were performed under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation. Surgery was uneventful. At post-anesthetic recovery unit (PACU, patient was agitated and performing major physical effort. Four hours after surgery, gross and crepitus swelling of neck and left parotid region, typical of subcutaneous emphysema, was noted. CT scan has revealed free air in the malar and cervical regions (especially to the left, reaching upper mediastinum. There was no airway obstruction and his general condition was stable. Patient was discharged one day after and was followed on ambulatory basis. Emphysema was no longer clinically evident 10 days after. CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous emphysema is an uncommon complication of tonsillectomy, appearing almost ever after deeper dissections of the pharyngeal

Remifentanil versus dexmedetomidina como coadjuvantes de técnica anestésica padronizada em pacientes com obesidade mórbida Remifentanil versus dexmedetomidina como coadyuvantes de técnica anestésica de modelo en pacientes con obesidad mórbida Remifentanil versus dexmedetomidine as coadjutants of standardized anesthetic technique in morbidly obese patients

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Eliana Cristina Murari Sudré

2004-04-01

.07 min, p < 0.0001, and earlier tracheal extubation (17.93 ± 10.39 min versus 27.53 ± 13.39 min, p < 0.0001. There were no differences in times for post-anesthetic recovery unit (105.18 ± 50.82 min versus 118.69 ± 56.18 min and hospital (51.13 ± 6.37 hours versus 52.50 ± 7.09 hours discharge. Both groups showed arterial pH and PaO2 decrease immediately after tracheal extubation as compared to preoperative values, still present at PACU discharge. Group D patients showed higher arterial PaCO2 after tracheal extubation, as compared to preoperative values in the same group (p < 0.05, and opposed to Group R. 41% of Group R and 60% Group D patients (p < 0.02 required rescue analgesia during the first postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: In the studied population, the association of remifentanil to standardized anesthetic technique has resulted in faster anesthetic recovery, stability of preoperative arterial PaCO2 values during the immediate postoperative period and lower postoperative rescue analgesics consumption, as compared to dexmedetomidine.

The Impact of Hospital Visiting Hour Policies on Pediatric and Adult Patients and their Visitors.

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Smith, Lisa; Medves, Jennifer; Harrison, Margaret B; Tranmer, Joan; Waytuck, Brett

Policies concerning restricted or open visiting hours are being challenged in health care institutions internationally, with no apparent consensus on the appropriateness of the visiting hour policies for pediatric and adult patients. The rules that govern practice are often based on the institutional precedent and assumptions of staff, and may have little or no evidence to support them. Policy and practice related to visiting hours is of pressing concern in Canada, and in Ontario specifically, following the reaction to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 and subsequent changes in visiting policies in most health care settings. A systematic investigation of the impact of hospital visiting hours on visitors (including patients, families, and significant others) would inform decision-makers who are responsible for hospital policies about the best available evidence. The objective of this review was to appraise and synthesize the best available evidence on the impact of hospital visiting hours on patients and their visitors. Types of participants This review considered studies that included both pediatric and adult hospital patients and their visitors. Participants were either patients, visitors, or health care providers in the following hospital settings: medical/surgical units, critical care (ICU, CCU, NICU), pediatrics, maternity, or general hospital wards.Articles were excluded if participants came from the following settings: post-operative and post-anaesthesia care units (PACU), dementia wards, long-term care settings or retirement homes, or delivery rooms. PACUs were excluded because there are aspects of the presence of visitors to these units that are very specific, and differ from the general visits to patients who are not in the immediate post-operative stage. Dementia wards, long-term care settings and retirement homes were excluded because these were considered to be their "home", so visiting would be quite different from that on

Estudo comparativo entre bupivacaína a 0,5% e mistura enantiomérica de bupivacaína (S75-R25 a 0,5% em anestesia peridural Estudio comparativo entre bupivacaína a 0,5% y mezcla enantiomérica de bupivacaína (S75-R25 a 0,5% en anestesia peridural Comparative study between 0.5% bupivacaine and 0.5% enantiomeric mixture of bupivacaine (S75-R25 in epidural anesthesia

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Rosane Fossatti Gonçalves

2003-04-01

analgésico en el período pós-operatorio fue superior para el grupo S75-R25, comparado al grupo Bupivacaína (596 ± 436 minutos versus 463 ± 270 minutos, respectivamente; p = 0,04572. La incidencia de efectos adversos fue semejante entre los grupos. CONCLUSIONES: La mezcla enantiomérica de bupivacaína (S75-R25 presentó mayor tiempo analgésico y menor grado de bloqueo motor, comparada con la solución de bupivacaína racémicaBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A bupivacaine formulation containing 25% of R(+ and 75% of S(- isomer has been used because its anesthetic properties with less toxicity than the racemic bupivacaine. This study aimed at evaluating the racemic bupivacaine as compared to B25/75 in epidural anesthesia. METHODS: Participated in this study 44 patients who were distributed in two groups (n = 22, namely Bupivacaine and S75-R25. Patients were premedicated with intravenous midazolam. Epidural anesthesia was induced at L3-L4 or L2-L3 interspace with 16 to 24 ml of the anesthetic solution. Group Bupivacaine received 0.5% bupivacaine with vasoconstrictor. Group S75-R25 received the enantiomeric mixture of 0.5% bupivacaine with vasoconstrictor. The following parameters were evaluated: lower limb temperature before and after epidural block, blockade onset, type of sensation referred by the patient, possible sensory failures, metameric sensory level and motor block level. Time for first analgesic request in the PACU was also recorded. RESULTS: Forty-one patients completed the study. Groups were demographically similar. Perioperative midazolam dose, epidural anesthetic volume, blockade onset, sensory failures at pinprick, lower limb temperature in different moments, type of paresthesia sensation and anesthetic depth in dermatomes were similar between groups. Motor block was less intense in group S75-R25 (p = 0.0117 as compared to group Bupivacaine. Time to first postoperative analgesic dose was longer for group S75-R25 as compared to group Bupivacaine (596 ± 436

Edema pulmonar após absorção sistêmica de fenilefrina tópica durante cirurgia oftalmológica em criança: relato de caso Edema pulmonar después de absorción de fenilefrina tópica durante cirugía oftalmológica en niño: relato de caso Pulmonary edema after topic phenylephrine absorption during pediatric eye surgery: case report

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Maria de Fátima Savioli Fischer

2004-12-01

% phenylephrine were applied. Five minutes after beginning of surgery, patient has developed hypertension and tachycardia, refractory to increased remifentanil and propofol dose, as well as to droperidol. Blood pressure and heart rate could be controlled after sevoflurane administration, but there has been oxygen saturation decrease with diffuse pulmonary rales by possible development of acute pulmonary edema. Furosemide was administered and anesthetic solutions were withdrawn. Patient presented progressive pulmonary improvement while blood pressure remained within normal values. Patient was discharged from PACU six hours after surgery with spontaneous ventilation in room air, and normal O2 saturation, pulmonary auscultation and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Topic phenylephrine should be cautiously administered before surgery and the anesthesiologist should be informed so that measures may be taken to prevent systemic absorption of large amounts. If there is absorption, preconized management should be followed, that is, decrease blood pressure without inducing myocardial depression, as it is the case with beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers. Direct action vasodilators, or alpha-blockers, are the options for severe hypertension induced by systemic phenylephrine absorption.