Oxyfuel combustion for below zero CO{sub 2} emissions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boeg Toftegaard, M; Hansen, Kim G; Fisker, D [DONG Energy Power, Hvidovre (Denmark); Brix, J; Brun Hansen, B; Putluru, S S.R.; Jensen, Peter Arendt; Glarborg, Peter; Degn Jensen, A [Technical Univ. of Denmark. CHEC Research Centre, Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark); Montgomery, M [Technical Univ. of Denmark. DTU Mechanical Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark)

2011-07-01

The reduction of CO{sub 2} emissions is of highest concern in relation to limiting the anthropogenic impacts on the environment. Primary focus has gathered on the large point sources of CO{sub 2} emissions constituted by large heat and power stations and other heavy, energy-consuming industry. Solutions are sought which will enable a significant reduction of the anthropogenic CO{sub 2} emissions during the transformation period from the use of fossil fuels to renewable sources of energy. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has the potential to significantly reduce CO{sub 2} emissions from power stations while allowing for the continuous utilisation of the existing energy producing system in the transformation period. Oxyfuel combustion is one of the possible CCS technologies which show promising perspectives for implementation in industrial scale within a relatively short period of time. Oxyfuel combustion deviates from conventional combustion in air by using a mixture of pure oxygen and recirculated flue gas as the combustion medium thereby creating a flue gas highly concentrated in CO{sub 2} making the capture process economically more feasible compared to technologies with capture from more dilute CO{sub 2} streams. This project has investigated a number of the fundamental and practical issues of the oxyfuel combustion process by experimental, theoretical, and modelling investigations in order to improve the knowledge of the technology. The subjects investigated cover: general combustion characteristics of coal and biomass (straw) and mixtures thereof, formation and emission of pollutants, ash characteristics, flue gas cleaning for SO{sub 2} by wet scrubbing with limestone and for NO{sub x} by selective catalytic reduction (SCR), corrosion of boiler heat transfer surfaces, operation and control of large suspension-fired boilers, and the perspectives for the implementation of oxyfuel combustion s a CO{sub 2} sequestration solution in the Danish power production

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE OXYFUEL COMBUSTION CONDITIONS IN A BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BED

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pavel Skopec

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Oxyfuel combustion is a promising approach for capturing CO2 from power plants. This technology produces a flue gas with a high concentration of CO2. Our paper presents a verification of the oxyfuel combustion conditions in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor. It presents a theoretical analysis of oxyfuel combustion and makes a comparison with combustion using air. It is important to establish a proper methodology for stoichiometric calculations and for computing the basic characteristic fluidization properties. The methodology presented here has been developed for general purposes, and can be applied to calculations for combustion with air and with oxygen-enriched air, and also for full oxyfuel conditions. With this methodology, we can include any water vapour condensation during recirculation of the flue gas when dry flue gas recirculation is used. The paper contains calculations for a lignite coal, which is taken as a reference fuel for future research and for the experiments.

Preliminary experiences with material testing at the oxyfuel pilot plant at Schwarze Pumpe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hjoernhede, Anders [Vattenfall Power, Gothenborg (Sweden); Montgomery, Melanie [Technical Univ. Denmark, Lyngby (Denmark). Inst. for Mekanisk Teknologi; Vattenfall Heat Nordic, Lyngby (Denmark); Bjurman, Martin; Henderson, Pamela [Vattenfall AB (Sweden). Research and Development; Gerhardt, Alexander [Vattenfall AB, Berlin (Germany). Research and Development

2010-07-01

Several material related issues may arise from oxyfuel combustion of coal due to the presence of CO{sub 2} but also as an effect of the partial recirculation of the flue gas. Two examples are increased corrosion and carburisation which may limit steam data, hence limiting the efficiency. A number of corrosion tests, in both conventional air-firing and oxyfuel mode, have been made in Vattenfalls 30 MW oxyfuel pilot plant located in Schwarze Pumpe, Germany. Internally cooled corrosion probes, equipped with ferritic, austenitic, super austenitic steels as well as Ni-based and FeCrAl alloys, simulating superheaters, economisers and air preheaters were exposed for up to 1500 hrs. The analyses show an indication of higher material wastage in oxyfuel compared to air combustion especially at the lower exposure temperatures. This may be due to increased sulphur concentration in corrosion front, increased heat flux, carburisation or other precipitate formations on austenitic steels and Ni-based alloys. (orig.)

Sulfur emission from Victorian brown coal under pyrolysis, oxy-fuel combustion and gasification conditions.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Luguang; Bhattacharya, Sankar

2013-02-05

Sulfur emission from a Victorian brown coal was quantitatively determined through controlled experiments in a continuously fed drop-tube furnace under three different atmospheres: pyrolysis, oxy-fuel combustion, and carbon dioxide gasification conditions. The species measured were H(2)S, SO(2), COS, CS(2), and more importantly SO(3). The temperature (873-1273 K) and gas environment effects on the sulfur species emission were investigated. The effect of residence time on the emission of those species was also assessed under oxy-fuel condition. The emission of the sulfur species depended on the reaction environment. H(2)S, SO(2), and CS(2) are the major species during pyrolysis, oxy-fuel, and gasification. Up to 10% of coal sulfur was found to be converted to SO(3) under oxy-fuel combustion, whereas SO(3) was undetectable during pyrolysis and gasification. The trend of the experimental results was qualitatively matched by thermodynamic predictions. The residence time had little effect on the release of those species. The release of sulfur oxides, in particular both SO(2) and SO(3), is considerably high during oxy-fuel combustion even though the sulfur content in Morwell coal is only 0.80%. Therefore, for Morwell coal utilization during oxy-fuel combustion, additional sulfur removal, or polishing systems will be required in order to avoid corrosion in the boiler and in the CO(2) separation units of the CO(2) capture systems.

Control issues in oxy-fuel combustion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Snarheim, Dagfinn

2009-08-15

Combustion of fossil fuels is the major energy source in todays society. While the use of fossil fuels is a necessity for our society to function, there has been an increasing concern on the emissions of CO{sub 2} resulting from human activities. Emissions of CO{sub 2} are considered to be the main cause for the global warming and climate changes we have experienced in recent years. To fight the climate changes, the emissions of CO{sub 2} must be reduced in a timely fashion. Strategies to achieve this include switching to less carbon intensive fuels, renewable energy sources, nuclear energy and combustion with CO{sub 2} capture. The use of oxy-fuel combustion is among the alternative post- and pre combustion capture concepts, a strategy to achieve power production from fossil fuels with CO{sub 2} capture. In an oxy-fuel process, the fuel is burned in a mixture of oxygen and CO{sub 2} (or steam), leaving the exhaust consisting mainly of CO{sub 2} and steam. The steam can be removed by use of a condenser, leaving (almost) pure CO{sub 2} ready to be captured. The downside to CO{sub 2} capture is that it is expensive, both in capital cost of extra equipment, and in operation as it costs energy to capture the CO{sub 2}. Thus it is important to maximize the efficiency in such plants. One attractive concept to achieve CO{sub 2} capture by use of oxy-fuel, is a semi-closed oxy-fuel gas turbine cycle. The dynamics of such a plant are highly integrated, involving energy and mass recycle, and optimizing efficiency might lead to operational (control) challenges. In these thesis we investigate how such a power cycle should be controlled. By looking at control at such an early stage in the design phase, it is possible to find control solutions otherwise not feasible, that leads to better overall performance. Optimization is used on a nonlinear model based on first principles, to compare different control structures. Then, closed loop simulations using MPC, are used to validate

Hyphenated history: the Böhler-Braun frame.

Science.gov (United States)

Sop, Aaron L; Mehlman, Charles T; Meiss, Ludwig

2003-03-01

Throughout the history of medicine, many great physicians have originated or popularized ideas that have resulted in their names being attached to a device, procedure, or disease process. Hyphenated eponyms are especially interesting, for there are always underlying stories that explicate how people became associates in history. This paper will describe a bit of hyphenated history regarding orthopaedic trauma, specifically, the development of the Böhler-Braun frame. The lives of two great surgeons associated with this device, Lorenz Böhler, the "father of traumatology," and Heinrich Braun, the "father of local anesthesia," will also be reviewed.

The Philosophy of Science of Ferdinand Braun

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pechenkin, Alexander

2013-03-01

Full Text Available The Nobel Prize winner Karl Ferdinand Braun has not left anyconsiderable writings on the philosophy of science. Nevertheless, hisphilosophical excursions help us to understand his creative work in physics and the philosophical positions of his disciples. Braun emphasized the fundamental position of the so-called “integral laws” to which the law of conservation of energy belongs. He was a consecutive empiricist and emphasized the relativity of physical schemes and models with respect to experimental devices. I n the style of some German physicists he proclaimed the oscillatory unification of the theory of electricity and optics.

Prediction of air-fuel and oxy-fuel combustion through a generic gas radiation property model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yin, Chungen

2017-01-01

Highlights: • A gas radiation model for general combustion CFD presented, programmed & verified. • Its general applicability/practical accuracy demonstrated in air-fuel and oxy-fuel. • Useful guidelines for air-fuel and oxy-fuel combustion CFD suggested. • Important to include the impact of CO in gas radiation for oxy-fuel combustion CFD. - Abstract: Thermal radiation plays an important role in heat transfer in combustion furnaces. The weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model (WSGGM), representing a good compromise between computational efficiency and accuracy, is commonly used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of combustion processes for evaluating gaseous radiative properties. However, the WSGGMs still have some limitations in practical use, e.g., unable to naturally accommodate different combustion environments, difficult to accurately address the variations in species concentrations in a flame, and inconvenient to account for the impacts of participating species other than H_2O and CO_2. As a result, WSGGMs with different coefficients have been published for specific applications. In this paper, a reliable generic model for gaseous radiation property calculation, which is a computationally efficient exponential wide band model (E-EWBM) applicable to combustion CFD and able to naturally solve all the practical limitations of the WSGGMs, is presented, programmed and verified. The model is then implemented to CFD simulation of a 300 kW air-fuel and a 0.8 MW oxy-fuel combustion furnace, respectively, to demonstrate its computational applicability to general combustion CFD and its capability in producing reliable CFD results for different combustion environments. It is found that the usefulness of the WSGGMs in oxy-fuel combustion CFD is compromised if the important impacts of high levels of CO under oxy-fuel combustion cannot be accounted for. The E-EWBM that appropriately takes the impacts of H_2O, CO_2, CO and CH_4 into account is a good replacement

Gas Temperature and Radiative Heat Transfer in Oxy-fuel Flames

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bäckström, Daniel; Johansson, Robert; Andersson, Klas

This work presents measurements of the gas temperature, including fluctuations, and its influence on the radiative heat transfer in oxy-fuel flames. The measurements were carried out in the Chalmers 100 kW oxy-fuel test unit. The in-furnace gas temperature was measured by a suction pyrometer...... on the radiative heat transfer shows no effect of turbulence-radiation interaction. However, by comparing with temperature fluctuations in other flames it can be seen that the fluctuations measured here are relatively small. Further research is needed to clarify to which extent the applied methods can account...

Techno-economic Performance of State-of-the-Art Oxyfuel Technology for Low-CO2 Coal-fired Electricity Production

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Van Der Spek, Mijndert; Eldrup, Nils Henrik; Skagestad, Ragnhild; Ramirez, Andrea

2017-01-01

This work presents a techno-economic analysis of a 2015 state-of-the art ASC PC oxyfuel power plant. This work adds to the existing body of techno-economic studies on coal oxycombustion that use less advanced oxyfuel technology and/or steam cycles. The study shows that this oxyfuel configuration has

Global Combustion Mechanisms for Use in CFD Modeling under Oxy-Fuel Conditions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Jimmy; Rasmussen, Christian Lund; Giselsson, Trine

2009-01-01

Two global multistep schemes, the two-step mechanism of Westbrook and Dryer (WD) and the four-step mechanism of Jones and Lindstedt (JL), have been refined for oxy-fuel conditions. Reference calculations were conducted with a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism, validated for oxy-fuel combustion...... conditions. In the modification approach, the initiating reactions involving hydrocarbon and oxygen were retained, while modifying the H-2-CO-CO2 reactions in order to improve prediction of major species concentrations. The main attention has been to capture the trend and level of CO predicted...... by the detailed mechanism as well as the correct equilibrium concentration. A CFD analysis of a propane oxy-fuel flame has been performed using both the original and modified mechanisms. Compared to the original schemes, the modified WD mechanism improved the prediction of the temperature field and of CO...

Oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized fuels

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Yin, Chungen; Yan, Jinyue

2016-01-01

Oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized fuels (PF), as a promising technology for CO2 capture from power plants, has gained a lot of concerns and also advanced considerable research, development and demonstration in the last past years worldwide. The use of CO2 or the mixture of CO2 and H2O vapor as th...

Oxygen Transport Membrane Reactors for Oxy-Fuel Combustion and Carbon Capture Purposes

Science.gov (United States)

Falkenstein-Smith, Ryan L.

This thesis investigates oxygen transport membrane reactors (OTMs) for the application of oxy-fuel combustion. This is done by evaluating the material properties and oxygen permeability of different OTM compositions subjected to a variety of operating conditions. The scope of this work consists of three components: (1) evaluate the oxygen permeation capabilities of perovskite-type materials for the application of oxy-fuel combustion; (2) determine the effects of dual-phase membrane compositions on the oxygen permeation performance and membrane characteristics; and (3) develop a new method for estimating the oxygen permeation performance of OTMs utilized for the application of oxy-fuel combustion. SrSc0.1Co0.9O3-delta (SSC) is selected as the primary perovskite-type material used in this research due to its reported high ionic and electronic conductive properties and chemical stability. SSC's oxygen ion diffusivity is investigated using a conductivity relaxation technique and thermogravimetric analysis. Material properties such as chemical structure, morphology, and ionic and electronic conductivity are examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and conductivity testing using a four-probe method, respectively. Oxygen permeation tests study the oxygen permeability OTMs under modified membrane temperatures, sweeping gas flow rates, sweeping gas compositions, membrane configurations, and membrane compositions. When utilizing a pure CO2 sweeping gas, the membrane composition was modified with the addition of Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9-delta (SDC) at varying wt.% to improve the membranes mechanical stability. A newly developed method to evaluate the oxygen permeation performance of OTMs is also presented by fitting OTM's oxygen permeability to the methane fraction in the sweeping gas composition. The fitted data is used to estimate the overall performance and size of OTMs utilized for the application of oxy-fuel combustion. The findings from this

Analysis of oxy-fuel combustion power cycle utilizing a pressurized coal combustor

OpenAIRE

Gazzino, Marco; Hong, Jongsup; Chaudhry, Gunaranjan; Brisson II, John G; Field, Randall; Ghoniem, Ahmed F

2009-01-01

Growing concerns over greenhouse gas emissions have driven extensive research into new power generation cycles that enable carbon dioxide capture and sequestration. In this regard, oxy-fuel combustion is a promising new technology in which fuels are burned in an environment of oxygen and recycled combustion gases. In this paper, an oxy-fuel combustion power cycle that utilizes a pressurized coal combustor is analyzed. We show that this approach recovers more thermal energy from the flue gases...

Dr. Space the life of Wernher von Braun

CERN Document Server

Ward, Bob

2013-01-01

Written by veteran aerospace journalist Bob Ward, who spent years investigating his subject, this biography presents a revealing but even-handed portrait of the father of modern rocketry. As he chronicles Wernher von Braun's life, Ward explodes many myths and misconceptions about the controversial genius who was a hero to some, a villain to others. The picture of von Braun that emerges is of a brilliant scientist with limitless curiosity and a drive to achieve his goals at almost any price from, developing the world's first ballistic missile used against the Allies in World War II to help

Oxyacetylene Welding and Oxyfuel Cutting. Third Edition. Teacher Edition [and] Student Edition [and] Student Workbook.

Science.gov (United States)

Knapp, John; Harper, Eddie

This Oklahoma curriculum guide, which includes a teacher edition, a student edition, and a student workbook, provides three units for a course on oxyacetylene welding, oxyfuel cutting, and cutting done with alternative fuels such as MAPP, propane, and natural gas. The three units are: "Oxyacetylene Welding"; "Oxyfuel Cutting";…

Musik-Sammlungen . Speicher interkultureller Prozesse. Bonn, 28.9.-1.10.2005

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Freemanová, Michaela

2006-01-01

Roč. 43, č. 1 (2006), s. 98-99 ISSN 0018-7003. [ Musik -Sammlungen . Speicher interkultureller Prozesse. Bonn, 28.09.2005-01.10.2005] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z90580513 Keywords : music collections Subject RIV: AL - Art, Architecture, Cultural Heritage

Process analysis of an oxygen lean oxy-fuel power plant with co-production of synthesis gas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Normann, Fredrik; Thunman, Henrik; Johnsson, Filip

2009-01-01

This paper investigates new possibilities and synergy effects for an oxy-fuel fired polygeneration scheme (transportation fuel and electricity) with carbon capture and co-firing of biomass. The proposed process has the potential to make the oxy-fuel process more effective through a sub-stoichiometric combustion in-between normal combustion and gasification, which lowers the need for oxygen within the process. The sub-stoichiometric combustion yields production of synthesis gas, which is utilised in an integrated synthesis to dimethyl ether (DME). The process is kept CO 2 neutral through co-combustion of biomass in the process. The proposed scheme is simulated with a computer model with a previous study of an oxy-fuel power plant as a reference process. The degree of sub-stoichiometric combustion, or amount of synthesis gas produced, is optimised with respect to the overall efficiency. The maximal efficiency was found at a stoichiometric ratio just below 0.6 with the efficiency for the electricity producing oxy-fuel process of 0.35 and a DME process efficiency of 0.63. It can be concluded that the proposed oxygen lean combustion process constitutes a way to improve the oxy-fuel carbon capture processes with an efficient production of DME in a polygeneration process

Oxyfuel technology with focus on the boiler

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kluger, Frank; Krohmer, Bernd; Moenckert, Patrick; Stamatelopoulos, Georg-Nikolaus [Alstom Power Systems GmbH (Germany)

2009-07-01

Against the background of a worldwide increasing use of fossil primary energy carriers for the power and heat generation and the associated impact of CO{sub 2} emissions on the climate, technologies for CO{sub 2} reduction or separation and storage for power plant processes (Carbon Capture and Storage = CCS) must be developed and brought to market within a short time. Considerable efforts for the development of CO{sub 2} separation technologies are undertaken both by the power plant operators and power plant manufacturers. Alstom develops technologies for CO{sub 2} separation, which can be integrated in new plants and with which existing power plants can also be retrofitted. For the power plant industry, the development of economic solutions for the existing power plant fleet holds as well the possibility of exploiting the maximum CO{sub 2} reduction potential once commercial introduction of these technologies has started. The ''oxyfuel'' technology is one of the most promising CO{sub 2} separation technologies in terms of performance, life cycle costs, and development time as a result of the adaptation of proven large scale industrial equipment, and it can be employed for both new plants and as retrofit for existing power plants. The different CO{sub 2} separation technologies are already partly tested on pilot plant scale and provide important knowledge for the design of demonstration plants, which must then also prove the economic efficiency of the relevant technology besides the technical feasibility. Alstom participates in various pilot projects (15 - 30 MW{sub th}) for the further development of the oxyfuel technology and is creating a broad knowledge base for the design, construction and operation of an oxyfuel demonstration power plant (200 - 300 MW{sub el}) and subsequent commercial deployment. (orig.)

Energy analysis and environmental impacts of a MSW oxy-fuel incineration power plant in China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tang, YuTing; Ma, XiaoQian; Lai, ZhiYi; Chen, Yong

2013-01-01

The entire life cycle of a municipal solid waste (MSW) oxy-fuel incineration power plant was evaluated using the method of life cycle assessment (LCA) to identify and quantify the fossil energy requirements and environmental impacts. The functional unit was 1000 kg (1 t) MSW. During the life cycle, the saving standard coal by electricity generation was more than diesel consumption, and the effect of soot and ashes was the greatest among all calculated categorization impacts. The total weighted resource consumption and total weighted environment potential of MSW oxy-fuel incineration were −0.37 mPR 90 (milli person equivalent) and −0.27 PET 2010 (person equivalent), better than MSW incineration with CO 2 capture via monoethanolamine (MEA) absorption. The sensitivity analysis showed that the electric power consumption of air separation unit (ASU) was the primary influencing parameter, and the influence of electric power consumption of CO 2 compressor was secondary, while transport distance had small influence. Overall, MSW oxy-fuel incineration technology has certain development potential with the increment of MSW power supply efficiency and development of ASU in the future. - Highlights: • Life cycle assessment of a MSW oxy-fuel incineration power plant is novel. • The MSW oxy-fuel incineration was better than the MSW incineration with MEA. • Among calculated impacts, the effect of soot and ashes was the greatest. • The electric power consumption of ASU was the primary influencing parameter

Wernher von Braun: Reflections on His Contributions to Space Exploration

Science.gov (United States)

Goldman, Arthur E.

2012-01-01

In 1950, Dr. Wernher von Braun and approximately 100 of his team members came to Huntsville, Alabama, to begin work with the Army on what would later become America's historic space program. He would later serve as the first director of the Marshall Space Flight Center and led the development of the Saturn V launch vehicle that launched seven crewed American mission to the moon, as well as America s first space station, Skylab. Von Braun is best known for his team s technical achievements. He realized his dream of exploring outer space by helping place humans on the moon. His engineering and managerial talent during the Apollo era had contributed to a technological revolution. He was by all accounts a good engineer, but he was only one among many. What set Von Braun apart were his charisma, his vision, and his leadership skills. He inspired loyalty and dedication in the people around him. He understood the importance of communicating his vision to his team, to political and business leaders and the public. Today, the Marshall Center continues his vision by pursuing engineering and scientific projects that will continue to open space to exploration. This presentation will discuss Von Braun's impact on Huntsville, the Marshall Center, the nation and the world and look at his contributions in context of where world space exploration is today.

Combustion instabilities in sudden expansion oxy-fuel flames

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ditaranto, Mario; Hals, Joergen [Department of Energy Processes, SINTEF Energy Research, 7465 Trondheim (Norway)

2006-08-15

An experimental study on combustion instability is presented with focus on oxy-fuel type combustion. Oxidants composed of CO{sub 2}/O{sub 2} and methane are the reactants flowing through a premixer-combustor system. The reaction starts downstream a symmetric sudden expansion and is at the origin of different instability patterns depending on oxygen concentration and Reynolds number. The analysis has been conducted through measurement of pressure, CH* chemiluminescence, and velocity. As far as stability is concerned, oxy-fuel combustion with oxygen concentration similar to that found in air combustion cannot be sustained, but requires at least 30% oxygen to perform in a comparable manner. Under these conditions and for the sudden expansion configuration used in this study, the instability is at low frequency and low amplitude, controlled by the flame length inside the combustion chamber. Above a threshold concentration in oxygen dependent on equivalence ratio, the flame becomes organized and concentrated in the near field. Strong thermoacoustic instability is then triggered at characteristic acoustic modes of the system. Different modes can be triggered depending on the ratio of flame speed to inlet velocity, but for all types of instability encountered, the heat release and pressure fluctuations are linked by a variation in mass-flow rate. An acoustic model of the system coupled with a time-lag-based flame model made it possible to elucidate the acoustic mode selection in the system as a function of laminar flame speed and Reynolds number. The overall work brings elements of reflection concerning the potential risk of strong pressure oscillations in future gas turbine combustors for oxy-fuel gas cycles. (author)

Second law comparison of oxy-fuel combustion and post-combustion carbon dioxide separation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Simpson, Adam P.; Simon, A.J.

2007-01-01

To define 2nd law efficiency targets for novel separation technologies, a simplified model of a power plant with two forms of CO 2 capture was developed. In this investigation, oxy-fuel combustion and post-combustion CO 2 separation were compared on an exergetic basis. Using exergy balances and black-box models of power plant components, multiple scenarios were run to determine the impact of plant configuration and separation unit efficiency on overall plant performance. Second law efficiency values from the literature were used to set the baseline performance of various CO 2 separation configurations. Assumed advances in 2nd law efficiency were used to determine the potential for overall system performance improvement. It was found that the 2nd law efficiency of air separation must reach a critical value before the thermodynamics of oxy-fuel combustion become favorable. Changes in operating equivalence ratio significantly move the tipping-point between post-combustion and oxy-fuel strategies

Effect of oxy-fuel combustion with steam addition on coal ignition and burnout in an entrained flow reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Riaza, J.; Alvarez, L.; Gil, M.V.; Pevida, C.; Pis, J.J.; Rubiera, F.

2011-01-01

The ignition temperature and burnout of a semi-anthracite and a high-volatile bituminous coal were studied under oxy-fuel combustion conditions in an entrained flow reactor (EFR). The results obtained under oxy-fuel atmospheres (21%O 2 -79%CO 2 , 30%O 2 -70% O 2 and 35%O 2 -65%CO 2 ) were compared with those attained in air. The replacement of CO 2 by 5, 10 and 20% of steam in the oxy-fuel combustion atmospheres was also evaluated in order to study the wet recirculation of flue gas. For the 21%O 2 -79%CO 2 atmosphere, the results indicated that the ignition temperature was higher and the coal burnout was lower than in air. However, when the O 2 concentration was increased to 30 and 35% in the oxy-fuel combustion atmosphere, the ignition temperature was lower and coal burnout was improved in comparison with air conditions. On the other hand, an increase in ignition temperature and a worsening of the coal burnout was observed when steam was added to the oxy-fuel combustion atmospheres though no relevant differences between the different steam concentrations were detected. -- Highlights: → The ignition temperature and the burnout of two thermal coals under oxy-fuel combustion conditions were determined. → The effect of the wet recirculation of flue gas on combustion behaviour was evaluated. → Addition of steam caused a worsening of the ignition temperature and coal burnout.

DFI oxyfuel process for saving energy and improving the performance and quality of continuous strip lines; DFI-Oxyfuel-Verfahren zur Energieeinsparung, Leistungs- und Qualitaetssteigerung von Banddurchlaufanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eichelkraut, H. [ThyssenKrupp Steel AG, Duisburg (Germany). Standort Bruckhausen; Heiler, H.J. [ThyssenKrupp Steel AG, Finnentrop (Germany); Domels, H.P.; Hoegner, W. [ThyssenKrupp Steel AG, Duisburg (Germany). Energie/Anlagenwirtschaft

2007-07-01

The development of the 'Direct Flame Impingement (DFI)-Oxyfuel' process - in which an oxyfuel (oxygen-fuel) flame impinges directly on the material to be heated - represents a further development of furnace technology for continuous strip lines. With assistance from the cooperation partner Linde, the process was used on a hot-dip galvanizing line for the first time at ThyssenKrupp Steel's Finnentrop plant. Right from the start it produced outstanding results in terms of increased throughput, product quality, plant quality and energy efficiency and thus also a reduction in direct CO{sub 2} emissions. In the meantime, this technology also is being used at an additional strip galvanizing and aluminizing facility in the Duisburg-Bruckhausen plant. (orig.)

Oxy-fuel combustion as an alternative for increasing lime production in rotary kilns

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Granados, D.A.; Chejne, F.; Mejía, J.M.

2015-01-01

Highlights: • A one-dimensional model for oxy-fuel combustion in a rotary kiln was developed. • Flue gas recirculation becomes an important parameter for controlling the process. • Combustion process decreases the flame length making it more dense. • Increases of 12% in raw material with 40% of FGR and conversion of 98% was obtained. - Abstract: The effect of Flue Gas Recirculation (FGR) on the decarbonation process during oxy-fuel combustion in a lime (and cement) rotary kiln is analyzed using an unsteady one-dimensional Eulerian–Lagrangian mathematical model. The model considers gas and limestone as continuous phases and the coal particles as the discrete phase. The model predicts limestone decarbonation, temperature and species distribution of gas and solid phases along the kiln. Simulation results of an air-combustion case are successfully validated with reported experimental data. This model is used to study and to compare the conventional air combustion process with oxy-fuel combustion with FGR ratios between 30% and 80% as controller parameter in this process. Changes in decarbonation process due to energy fluxes by convection and radiation with different FGRs were simulated and analyzed. Simulation results indicate a temperature increase of 20% in the gas and solid phases and a higher decarbonation rate of 40% in relation to the air-combustion case, for a given constant fuel consumption rate. However, for a given temperature, the increase of the CO_2 partial pressure in the oxy-fuel case promotes a reduction of the decarbonation rate. Therefore, there is a compromise between FGR and decarbonation rate, which is analyzed in the present study. Simulation results of the decarbonation step in low FGR cases, compared to air-combustion case, shows that conversion takes place in shorter distances in the kiln, suggesting that the production rate can be increased for existing kilns in oxy-fuel kilns or, equivalently, shorter kilns can be designed for an

Oxyfuel technologies for CO{sub 2} capture : a techno-economic overview

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Simmonds, M. [BP Exploration, Sunbury on Thames (United Kingdom); Miracca, I. [Snamprogetti SPA, San Donato Milanese (Italy); Gerdes, K. [ChevronTexaco, Richmond, CA (United States)

2005-07-01

This paper reviewed various oxyfuel combustion technologies developed by the CO{sub 2} Capture Project (CCP), a joint partnership of 8 major energy companies. Over the last 3 years, the CCP has conducted several studies focusing on oxyfuel combustion in order to assess the potential application of oxyfuel combustion technologies for heat and power production systems. Studies on oxyfuel firing using cryogenically supplied oxygen and flue gas recycle as a means of moderating combustion temperature have been proven, and are now being used as a baseline case for the retrofitting of process heaters and boilers. The cost of CO{sub 2} capture using cryogenically supplied oxygen is expected to range between $35 to $45 per tonne. Studies examining the application of pure oxygen firing to gas turbines have suggested that significant development is needed by turbine manufacturers to incorporate the use of new materials capable of operating at the high temperatures needed to avoid unacceptable reductions in energy efficiency. A new generation of oxygen production techniques using ceramic membrane technologies may significantly reduce the unit cost of oxygen production, which will in turn have an impact on the cost of CO{sub 2} capture. An additional CCP study suggested that significant markets for exported power are needed to ensure the commercialization of ion transport membranes in the retrofitting of existing heaters and boilers. The most significant research and development effort in oxyfuel technologies to date has centred on the development of a chemical looping combustion (CLC) concept. The CLC technology is based on using mixed metal oxide pellets as a carrier for transferring oxygen from combustion air to the fuel. The technology uses 2 fluidized bed reactors for a continuous circulation of solids. Key risks associated with the technology centre on the production of mixed metal oxide materials which are capable of withstanding repeated oxidation and reduction cycles

Energy and economic optimization of a membrane-based oxyfuel steam power plant; Energetische und wirtschaftliche Optimierung eines membranbasierten Oxyfuel-Dampfkraftwerkes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nazarko, Yevgeniy

2015-07-01

Carbon capture and storage is one technological option for reducing CO{sub 2} emissions. The oxyfuel process is based on the combustion of fossil fuels in an oxygen-flue gas atmosphere with the subsequent concentration of CO{sub 2}. The oxygen is produced by cryogenic air separation with an energy demand of 245 kWh{sub el}/t{sub O2}. The application of ceramic membranes has the potential to reduce the specific energy demand of oxygen supply with consistently high-purity oxygen. This work focuses on - determining the efficiency of an advanced oxyfuel steam power plant that can be constructed today using membranes for oxygen production, - investigating and quantifying the potential for energy optimizing the overall process by changing its flow structure, - assessing the feasibility of individual optimization options based on their investment costs under market conditions. For this work, a method developed by Forschungszentrum Juelich and patented on 25 April 2012 under EP 2214806 is used. The Oxy-Vac-Juel concept is integrated into the oxyfuel steam power plant with simple process management using standardized power plant components. The net efficiency of the base power plant is 36.6 percentage points for an oxygen separation degree of 60 %. This corresponds to a net power loss of 9.3 percentage points compared to the reference power plant without CO{sub 2} capture. The specific electricity demand of this oxygen supply method is 176 kWh{sub el}/t{sub O2}. To increase the efficiency, the flow structure of the base power plant is optimized using industrially available components from power plant and process engineering. The 22 analyzed optimization options consist of design optimization of the gas separation process, the modification of the flue gas recirculation and the plant-internal waste heat utilization. The energetic advantage over the base power plant, depending on the optimization option, ranges from 0.05 - 1.00 percentage points. For each optimization option

Ammonia chemistry in oxy-fuel combustion of methane

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mendiara, Teresa; Glarborg, Peter

2009-01-01

The oxidation of NH3 during oxy-fuel combustion of methane, i.e., at high [CO2], has been studied in a flow reactor. The experiments covered stoichiometries ranging from fuel rich to very fuel lean and temperatures from 973 to 1773 K. The results have been interpreted in terms of an updated detai...

A Thermodynamic Analysis of Two Competing Mid-Sized Oxyfuel Combustion Combined Cycles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Egill Thorbergsson

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A comparative analysis of two mid-sized oxyfuel combustion combined cycles is performed. The two cycles are the semiclosed oxyfuel combustion combined cycle (SCOC-CC and the Graz cycle. In addition, a reference cycle was established as the basis for the analysis of the oxyfuel combustion cycles. A parametric study was conducted where the pressure ratio and the turbine entry temperature were varied. The layout and the design of the SCOC-CC are considerably simpler than the Graz cycle while it achieves the same net efficiency as the Graz cycle. The fact that the efficiencies for the two cycles are close to identical differs from previously reported work. Earlier studies have reported around a 3% points advantage in efficiency for the Graz cycle, which is attributed to the use of a second bottoming cycle. This additional feature is omitted to make the two cycles more comparable in terms of complexity. The Graz cycle has substantially lower pressure ratio at the optimum efficiency and has much higher power density for the gas turbine than both the reference cycle and the SCOC-CC.

A review of oxy-fuel combustion in fluidized bed reactors

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Mathekga, HI

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Presently, there is no detailed review that summarizes the current knowledge status on oxy-fuel combustion in fluidized bed combustors. This paper reviewed the existing literature in heat transfer, char combustion and pollutant emissions oxy...

Effects of adding Braun jejunojejunostomy to standard Whipple procedure on reduction of afferent loop syndrome - a randomized clinical trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Kakaei, Farzad; Beheshtirouy, Samad; Nejatollahi, Seyed Moahammad Reza; Rashidi, Iqbal; Asvadi, Touraj; Habibzadeh, Afshin; Oliaei-Motlagh, Mohammad

2015-12-01

Whipple surgery (pancreaticodeudenectomy) has a high complication rate. We aimed to evaluate whether adding Braun jejunojejunostomy (side-to-side anastomosis of afferent and efferent loops distal to the gastrojejunostomy site) to a standard Whipple procedure would reduce postoperative complications. We conducted a randomized clinical trial comparing patients who underwent standard Whipple surgery (standard group) and patients who underwent standard Whipple surgery with Braun jejunojejunostomy (Braun group). Patients were followed for 1 month after the procedure and postoperative complications were recorded. Our study included 30 patients: 15 in the Braun and 15 in the standard group. In the Braun group, 4 (26.7%) patients experienced 6 complications, whereas in the standard group, 7 (46.7%) patients experienced 11 complications (p = 0.14). Complications in the Braun group were gastrointestinal bleeding and wound infection (n = 1 each) and delayed gastric emptying and pulmonary infection (n = 2 each). Complications in the standard group were death, pancreatic anastomosis leak and biliary anastomosis leak (n = 1 each); gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 2); and afferent loop syndrome and delayed gastric emptying (n = 3 each). There was no significant difference between groups in the subtypes of complications. Our results showed that adding Braun jejunojejunostomy to standard Whipple procedure was associated with lower rates of afferent loop syndrome and delayed gastric emptying. However, more studies are needed to define the role of Braun jejunojejunostomy in this regard. IRCT2014020316473N1 (www.irct.ir).

Thermal analysis and kinetics of coal during oxy-fuel combustion

Science.gov (United States)

Kosowska-Golachowska, Monika

2017-08-01

The pyrolysis and oxy-fuel combustion characteristics of Polish bituminous coal were studied using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. Pyrolysis tests showed that the mass loss profiles were almost similar up to 870°C in both N2 and CO2 atmospheres, while further mass loss occurred in CO2 atmosphere at higher temperatures due to char-CO2 gasification. Replacement of N2 in the combustion environment by CO2 delayed the combustion of bituminous coal. At elevated oxygen levels, TG/DTG profiles shifted through lower temperature zone, ignition and burnout temperatures decreased and mass loss rate significantly increased and complete combustion was achieved at lower temperatures and shorter times. Kinetic analysis for the tested coal was performed using Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method. The activation energies of bituminous coal combustion at the similar oxygen content in oxy-fuel with that of air were higher than that in air atmosphere. The results indicated that, with O2 concentration increasing, the activation energies decreased.

Braun-Le Chatelier principle in dissipative thermodynamics

OpenAIRE

Pavelka, Michal; Grmela, Miroslav

2016-01-01

Braun-Le Chatelier principle is a fundamental result of equilibrium thermodynamics, showing how stable equilibrium states shift when external conditions are varied. The principle follows from convexity of thermodynamic potential. Analogously, from convexity of dissipation potential it follows how steady non-equilibrium states shift when thermodynamic forces are varied, which is the extension of the principle to dissipative thermodynamics.

Influence of carbonation under oxy-fuel combustion flue gas on the leachability of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash.

Science.gov (United States)

Ni, Peng; Xiong, Zhuo; Tian, Chong; Li, Hailong; Zhao, Yongchun; Zhang, Junying; Zheng, Chuguang

2017-09-01

Due to the high cost of pure CO 2 , carbonation of MSWI fly ash has not been fully developed. It is essential to select a kind of reaction gas with rich CO 2 instead of pure CO 2 . The CO 2 uptake and leaching toxicity of heavy metals in three typical types of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash were investigated with simulated oxy-fuel combustion flue gas under different reaction temperatures, which was compared with both pure CO 2 and simulated air combustion flue gas. The CO 2 uptake under simulated oxy-fuel combustion flue gas were similar to that of pure CO 2 . The leaching concentration of heavy metals in all MSWI fly ash samples, especially in ash from Changzhou, China (CZ), decreased after carbonation. Specifically, the leached Pb concentration of the CZ MSWI fly ash decreased 92% under oxy-fuel combustion flue gas, 95% under pure CO 2 atmosphere and 84% under the air combustion flue gas. After carbonation, the leaching concentration of Pb was below the Chinese legal limit. The leaching concentration of Zn from CZ sample decreased 69% under oxy-fuel combustion flue gas, which of Cu, As, Cr and Hg decreased 25%, 33%, 11% and 21%, respectively. In the other two samples of Xuzhou, China (XZ) and Wuhan, China (WH), the leaching characteristics of heavy metals were similar to the CZ sample. The speciation of heavy metals was largely changed from the exchangeable to carbonated fraction because of the carbonation reaction under simulated oxy-fuel combustion flue gas. After carbonation reaction, most of heavy metals bound in carbonates became more stable and leached less. Therefore, oxy-fuel combustion flue gas could be a low-cost source for carbonation of MSWI fly ash. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Von Braun Rocket Team at Fort Bliss, Texas

Science.gov (United States)

1940-01-01

The German Rocket Team, also known as the Von Braun Rocket Team, poses for a group photograph at Fort Bliss, Texas. After World War II ended in 1945, Dr. Wernher von Braun led some 120 of his Peenemuende Colleagues, who developed the V-2 rocket for the German military during the War, to the United Sttes under a contract to the U.S. Army Corps as part of Operation Paperclip. During the following five years the team worked on high altitude firings of the captured V-2 rockets at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, and a guided missile development unit at Fort Bliss, Texas. In April 1950, the group was transferred to the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, and continued to work on the development of the guided missiles for the U.S. Army until transferring to a newly established field center of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA), George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).

Dynamic simulation in the process of pressurized denitration based on oxy-fuel combustion

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Qiang; Zhou, Dong

2018-02-01

Oxy-fuel combustion is considered as one of the most promising technologies for capturing CO2 from coal-fired power plants. It will greatly reduce the cost of gas purification if we remove NOx in the process of compression, which is the characteristic of oxy-combustion. In this paper, simulation of denitration process of oxy-fuel combustion flue gas was realized by the Aspen Plus software, systematically analyzed the effect of temperature, pressure, initial concentration of O2 and NO in the denitration process. Results show that the increasing of pressure, initial concentration of O2, initial concentration of NO and the decrease of temperature are all beneficial to the denitration process.

Coal-Based Oxy-Fuel System Evaluation and Combustor Development; Oxy-Fuel Turbomachinery Development for Energy Intensive Industrial Applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hollis, Rebecca

2013-03-31

Clean Energy Systems, Inc. (CES) partnered with the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory in 2005 to study and develop a competing technology for use in future fossil-fueled power generation facilities that could operate with near zero emissions. CES’s background in oxy-fuel (O-F) rocket technology lead to the award of Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-05NT42645, “Coal-Based Oxy-Fuel System Evaluation and Combustor Development,” where CES was to first evaluate the potential of these O-F power cycles, then develop the detailed design of a commercial-scale O-F combustor for use in these clean burning fossil-fueled plants. Throughout the studies, CES found that in order to operate at competitive cycle efficiencies a high-temperature intermediate pressure turbine was required. This led to an extension of the Agreement for, “Oxy-Fuel Turbomachinery Development for Energy Intensive Industrial Applications” where CES was to also develop an intermediate-pressure O-F turbine (OFT) that could be deployed in O-F industrial plants that capture and sequester >99% of produced CO2, at competitive cycle efficiencies using diverse fuels. The following report details CES’ activities from October 2005 through March 2013, to evaluate O-F power cycles, develop and validate detailed designs of O-F combustors (main and reheat), and to design, manufacture, and test a commercial-scale OFT, under the three-phase Cooperative Agreement.

Pyrolysis and oxy-fuel combustion characteristics and kinetics of petrochemical wastewater sludge using thermogravimetric analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Jianbiao; Mu, Lin; Cai, Jingcheng; Yao, Pikai; Song, Xigeng; Yin, Hongchao; Li, Aimin

2015-12-01

The pyrolysis and oxy-fuel combustion characteristics of petrochemical wastewater sludge (PS) were studied in air (O2/N2) and oxy-fuel (O2/CO2) atmospheres using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Pyrolysis experiments showed that the weight loss profiles were almost similar up to 1050K in both N2 and CO2 atmospheres, while further weight loss took place in CO2 atmosphere at higher temperatures due to char-CO2 gasification. Compared with 20%O2/80%N2, the drying and devolatilization stage of PS were delayed in 20%O2/80%CO2 due to the differences in properties of the diluting gases. In oxy-fuel combustion experiments, with O2 concentration increasing, characteristic temperatures decreased, while characteristic combustion rates and combustion performance indexes increased. Kinetic analysis of PS decomposition under various atmospheres was performed using Coats-Redfern approach. The results indicated that, with O2 concentration increasing, the activation energies of Step 1 almost kept constant, while the values of subsequent three steps increased. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The American species of the genus Glaucolepis Braun, 1917 (Neotrifurcula van Nieukerken, syn. nov.) (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)

Science.gov (United States)

We provide diagnostic characters for the genus Glaucolepis Braun, re-examine the type series of the type species of the North American G. saccharella Braun, describe two new species from Chile and Argentina (G. flagellata Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. and G. pseudoflagellata Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov...

Characterization of ashes from a 100 kWth pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed with oxy-fuel combustion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wu, Y.H.; Wang, C.B.; Tan, Y.W.; Jia, L.F.; Anthony, E.J. [Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON (Canada)

2011-09-15

Oxy-fuel combustion experiments have been carried out on an oxygen-fired 100 kW(th) mini-circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) facility. Coal and petroleum coke were used as fuel together with different limestones (and fixed Ca:S molar ratios) premixed with the fuel, for in situ SO{sub 2} capture. The bed ash (BA) and fly ash (FA) samples produced from this unit were collected and characterized to obtain physical and chemical properties of the ash samples. The characterization methods used included X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), char carbon and free lime analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and surface analysis. The main purpose of this work is to characterize the CFBC ashes from oxy-fuel firing to obtain a better understanding of the combustion process, and to identify any significant differences from the ash generated by a conventional air-fired CFBC. The primary difference in the sulfur capture mechanism between atmospheric air-fired and oxy-fuel FBC, at typical FBC temperatures (similar to 850{sup o}C), is that, in the air-fired case the limestone sorbents calcine, whereas the partial pressure of CO{sub 2} in oxy-fuel FBC is high enough to prevent calcination, and hence the sulfation process should mimic that seen in pressurized FBC (PFBC). Here, the char carbon content in the fly ash was much higher than that in the bed ash, and was also high by comparison with ash obtained from conventional commercial air-firing CFBC units. In addition, measurements of the free lime content in the bed and fly ash showed that the unreacted Ca sorbent was present primarily as CaCO{sub 3}, indicating that sulfur capture in the oxy-fuel combustor occurred via direct sulfation.

On the use of supported ceria membranes for oxyfuel process/syngas production

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lobera, M.P.; Serra, J.M.; Foghmoes, Søren Preben Vagn

2011-01-01

Ceramic oxygen transport membranes (OTMs) enable selective oxygen separation from air at high temperatures. Among several potential applications for OTMs, the use in (1) oxygen production for oxyfuel power plants and (2) the integration in high-temperature catalytic membrane reactors for alkane...... upgrading through selective oxidative reactions are of special interest. Nevertheless, these applications involve the direct contact of the membrane surface with carbon-rich atmospheres. Most state-of-the-art permeable membranes are based on perovskites, which are prone to carbonation under operation in CO2......-rich environments and/or decomposition in reducing gas environments. The oxygen flux through supported thin film membranes of Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95−δ (CGO) with 2 mol.% of cobalt was measured for oxygen separation in oxyfuel processes and in syngas production and degradation was compared to perovskite...

Simultaneous carbonation and sulfation of CaO in Oxy-Fuel CFB combustion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, C. [School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding City, Hebei Province (China); Jia, L.; Tan, Y. [CanmetENERGY, 1 Haanel Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 1M1 (Canada)

2011-10-15

For anthracites and petroleum cokes, the typical combustion temperature in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) is > 900 C. At CO{sub 2} concentrations of 80-85 % (typical of oxy-fuel CFBC conditions), limestone still calcines. When the ash which includes unreacted CaO cools to the calcination temperature, carbonation of fly ash deposited on cool surfaces may occur. At the same time, indirect and direct sulfation of limestone also will occur, possibly leading to more deposition. In this study, CaO was carbonated and sulfated simultaneously in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) under conditions expected in an oxy-fuel CFBC. It was found that temperature, and concentrations of CO{sub 2}, SO{sub 2}, and especially H{sub 2}O are important factors in determining the carbonation/sulfation reactions of CaO. (Copyright copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

A Model for Nitrogen Chemistry in Oxy-Fuel Combustion of Pulverized Coal

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hashemi, Hamid; Hansen, Stine; Toftegaard, Maja Bøg

2011-01-01

, heating and devolatilization of particles, and gas–solid reactions. The model is validated by comparison with entrained flow reactor results from the present work and from the literature on pulverized coal combustion in O2/CO2 and air, covering the effects of fuel, mixing conditions, temperature......In this work, a model for the nitrogen chemistry in the oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized coal has been developed. The model is a chemical reaction engineering type of model with a detailed reaction mechanism for the gas-phase chemistry, together with a simplified description of the mixing of flows......, stoichiometry, and inlet NO level. In general, the model provides a satisfactory description of NO formation in air and oxy-fuel combustion of coal, but under some conditions, it underestimates the impact on NO of replacing N2 with CO2. According to the model, differences in the NO yield between the oxy...

Some special features of the le chatelier-braun principle

Science.gov (United States)

Nesis, E. I.; Skibin, Yu. N.

2000-07-01

The relaxation reaction of a system that follows from the Le Chatelier-Braun principle and weakens the result of an external influence turns out to be more intense under a complex action. A method for quantitative determination of the weakening effect for simple and complex actions is suggested.

Flue gas condensation in oxyfuel power plants. Heat- and mass transfer measurements and experimental validation of an efficient condensation concept; Rauchgaskondensation in Oxyfuel-Kraftwerken. Waerme- und Stoffuebergangsmessungen sowie experimentelle Validierung eines effizienten Kondensationskonzepts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raindl, Markus

2010-12-06

Condensation of a steam-inert gas mixture in an Oxyfuel condenser differs significantly from condensation of pure steam: condenser pressure and rest gas content increase dramatically, heat- and mass transfer coefficients are lower and oversaturation of the steam-inert gas mixture yields to fog formation. In the context of this thesis, therefore, at first the optimal ranges of working parameters for Oxyfuel processes calculated. In the following some heat flux measurements were carried out on a horizontal, crossflow pipe to validate various heat- and mass transfer theories. Building on these results a new, efficient condensation concept was developed to reduce fog formation. The final results of the measurements with a laboratory model show great performance regarding fog reduction and condensation efficiency. (orig.)

Dr. von Braun With a Model of a Launch Vehicle

Science.gov (United States)

1950-01-01

Dr. von Braun stands beside a model of the upper stage (Earth-returnable stage) of the three-stage launch vehicle built for the series of the motion picture productions of space flight produced by Walt Disney in the mid-1950's.

Validation of spectral gas radiation models under oxyfuel conditions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Becher, Johann Valentin

2013-05-15

Combustion of hydrocarbon fuels with pure oxygen results in a different flue gas composition than combustion with air. Standard computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) spectral gas radiation models for air combustion are therefore out of their validity range in oxyfuel combustion. This thesis provides a common spectral basis for the validation of new spectral models. A literature review about fundamental gas radiation theory, spectral modeling and experimental methods provides the reader with a basic understanding of the topic. In the first results section, this thesis validates detailed spectral models with high resolution spectral measurements in a gas cell with the aim of recommending one model as the best benchmark model. In the second results section, spectral measurements from a turbulent natural gas flame - as an example for a technical combustion process - are compared to simulated spectra based on measured gas atmospheres. The third results section compares simplified spectral models to the benchmark model recommended in the first results section and gives a ranking of the proposed models based on their accuracy. A concluding section gives recommendations for the selection and further development of simplified spectral radiation models. Gas cell transmissivity spectra in the spectral range of 2.4 - 5.4 {mu}m of water vapor and carbon dioxide in the temperature range from 727 C to 1500 C and at different concentrations were compared in the first results section at a nominal resolution of 32 cm{sup -1} to line-by-line models from different databases, two statistical-narrow-band models and the exponential-wide-band model. The two statistical-narrow-band models EM2C and RADCAL showed good agreement with a maximal band transmissivity deviation of 3 %. The exponential-wide-band model showed a deviation of 6 %. The new line-by-line database HITEMP2010 had the lowest band transmissivity deviation of 2.2% and was therefore recommended as a reference model for the

Oxy-fuel combustion of coal and biomass, the effect on radiative and convective heat transfer and burnout

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Smart, John P.; Patel, Rajeshriben; Riley, Gerry S. [RWEnpower, Windmill Hill Business Park, Whitehill Way, Swindon, Wiltshire SN5 6PB, England (United Kingdom)

2010-12-15

This paper focuses on results of co-firing coal and biomass under oxy-fuel combustion conditions on the RWEn 0.5 MWt Combustion Test Facility (CTF). Results are presented of radiative and convective heat transfer and burnout measurements. Two coals were fired: a South African coal and a Russian Coal under air and oxy-fuel firing conditions. The two coals were also co-fired with Shea Meal at a co-firing mass fraction of 20%. Shea Meal was also co-fired at a mass fraction of 40% and sawdust at 20% with the Russian Coal. An IFRF Aerodynamically Air Staged Burner (AASB) was used. The thermal input was maintained at 0.5 MWt for all conditions studied. The test matrix comprised of varying the Recycle Ratio (RR) between 65% and 75% and furnace exit O{sub 2} was maintained at 3%. Carbon-in-ash samples for burnout determination were also taken. Results show that the highest peak radiative heat flux and highest flame luminosity corresponded to the lowest recycle ratio. The effect of co-firing of biomass resulted in lower radiative heat fluxes for corresponding recycle ratios. Furthermore, the highest levels of radiative heat flux corresponded to the lowest convective heat flux. Results are compared to air firing and the air equivalent radiative and convective heat fluxes are fuel type dependent. Reasons for these differences are discussed in the main text. Burnout improves with biomass co-firing under both air and oxy-fuel firing conditions and burnout is also seen to improve under oxy-fuel firing conditions compared to air. (author)

Nongray-gas Effects in Modeling of Large-scale Oxy-fuel Combustion Processes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Yin, Chungen

2012-01-01

, in which a recently refined weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model (WSGGM) applicable to oxy-fuel conditions is used to perform non-gray and gray calculations, respectively, and a widely used air-fuel WSGGM is also employed for gray calculation. This makes the only difference among the different computational...

Energy and economic optimization of a membrane-based oxyfuel steam power plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nazarko, Yevgeniy

2015-01-01

Carbon capture and storage is one technological option for reducing CO 2 emissions. The oxyfuel process is based on the combustion of fossil fuels in an oxygen-flue gas atmosphere with the subsequent concentration of CO 2 . The oxygen is produced by cryogenic air separation with an energy demand of 245 kWh el /t O2 . The application of ceramic membranes has the potential to reduce the specific energy demand of oxygen supply with consistently high-purity oxygen. This work focuses on - determining the efficiency of an advanced oxyfuel steam power plant that can be constructed today using membranes for oxygen production, - investigating and quantifying the potential for energy optimizing the overall process by changing its flow structure, - assessing the feasibility of individual optimization options based on their investment costs under market conditions. For this work, a method developed by Forschungszentrum Juelich and patented on 25 April 2012 under EP 2214806 is used. The Oxy-Vac-Juel concept is integrated into the oxyfuel steam power plant with simple process management using standardized power plant components. The net efficiency of the base power plant is 36.6 percentage points for an oxygen separation degree of 60 %. This corresponds to a net power loss of 9.3 percentage points compared to the reference power plant without CO 2 capture. The specific electricity demand of this oxygen supply method is 176 kWh el /t O2 . To increase the efficiency, the flow structure of the base power plant is optimized using industrially available components from power plant and process engineering. The 22 analyzed optimization options consist of design optimization of the gas separation process, the modification of the flue gas recirculation and the plant-internal waste heat utilization. The energetic advantage over the base power plant, depending on the optimization option, ranges from 0.05 - 1.00 percentage points. For each optimization option, the size and cost of the power

Structural aspects of coaxial oxy-fuel flames

Science.gov (United States)

Ditaranto, M.; Sautet, J. C.; Samaniego, J. M.

Oxy-fuel combustion has been proven to increase thermal efficiency and to have a potential for NOx emission reduction. The study of 25-kW turbulent diffusion flames of natural gas with pure oxygen is undertaken on a coaxial burner with quarl. The structural properties are analysed by imaging the instantaneous reaction zone by OH* chemiluminescence and measuring scalar and velocity profiles. The interaction between the flame front and the shear layers present in the coaxial jets depends on the momentum ratio which dictates the turbulent structure development. Flame length and NOx emission sensitivity to air leaks in the combustion chamber are also investigated.

Professor Oberth and Dr. von Braun at ARS Banquet

Science.gov (United States)

1961-01-01

Dr. Wernher von Braun holds the coveted Hermarn Oberth award presented to him by Professor Oberth during the banquet hosted by the Alabama Section of the American Rocket Society (ARS), on October 19, 1961. The Oberth award was given for outstanding technical contributions to the field of astronautics or for the promotion and advancement of astronautical sciences.

Methane combustion in various regimes: First and second thermodynamic-law comparison between air-firing and oxyfuel condition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Yaming; Chen, Sheng; Liu, Shi; Feng, Yongxin; Xu, Kai; Zheng, Chuguang

2016-01-01

MILD oxyfuel combustion has been attracting increasing attention as a promising clean combustion technology. How to design a pathway to reach MILD oxyfuel combustion regime and what can provide a theoretical guide to design such a pathway are two critical questions that need to be answered. So far there has been no open literature on these issues. A type of combustion regime classification map proposed in our previous work, based on the so-called ”Hot Diluted Diffusion Ignition” (HDDI) configuration, is adopted here as a simple but useful tool to solve these problems. Firstly, we analyze comprehensively the influences of various dilution atmosphere and fuel type on combustion regimes. The combustion regime classification maps are made out according to the analyses. In succession, we conduct a comparison between the map in air-firing condition and its oxyfuel counterpart. With the aid of the second thermodynamic-law analysis on the maps, it is easy to identify the major contributors to entropy generation in various combustion regimes in advance, which is crucial for combustion system optimization. Moreover, we find that, for the first time, a combustion regime classification map also may be used as a safety indicator. With the aid of these maps, some conclusions in previous publications can be explained more straightforwardly. - Highlights: • Analyze the influences of different fuels and dilution atmosphere on combustion regimes for the first time. • Provide a theoretical guide for practical operation to establish MILD oxyfuel combustion for the first time. • A new finding to expand the purposes of combustion regime maps for practical operation and combustion optimization.

Dr. Wernher von Braun and Dr. Ernst Stuhlinger Sign Citizenship Certificates

Science.gov (United States)

1955-01-01

The members of the Peenemuende team and their family members were awarded the United States citizenship on April 14, 1955. Pictured here is Dr. Ernst Stuhlinger (middle) and Dr. Wernher von Braun signing U.S. citizenship certificates. Martin Schilling is at left.

Use of Braun-Blanquet for the assessment of veld condition and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This method shows promise for application in the grassland biome for the assessment of veld condition and the estimation of grazing capacity. Keywords: botany; braun-blanquet; ea land type; ecological index method; grassland; grazing capacity; orange free state; south africa; technique; vegetation surveys; veld condition; ...

STEEL CORROSION AT 600°C IN SINGLE AND DUAL CONDITION IN OXYFUEL ATMOSPHERE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Massari de Souza Coelho

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Coal-fired power plants using the Oxyfuel process are being developed to produce electricity with zero CO2 emission. Steels used in this and other processes are often exposed to different atmospheres in each side of the material, especially in heat exchangers and solid oxide fuel cells. Some studies have shown that steels exposed to different hydrogen partial pressures in each side have a different corrosion behavior from steels exposed to a single atmosphere condition. In this investigation, two experimental steels were studied at 600°C and 1 atm in dual atmospheres containing water vapor in one side and flue gas in the other and they were compared to steels oxidized in single atmospheres. The gas composition used is similar to the ones found in Oxyfuel coal power plants, where there is a great concentration of CO2, and also H2O and SO2. Analyses were made using SEM and TEM.

Oxy-fuel combustion characteristics and kinetics of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris by thermogravimetric analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Chunxiang; Lu, Ziguang; Ma, Xiaoqian; Long, Jun; Peng, Yuning; Hu, Likun; Lu, Quan

2013-09-01

Oxy-fuel or O2/CO2 combustion technology was used to investigate the combustion of Chlorella vulgaris by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Oxy-fuel combustion occurs in an O2/CO2 atmosphere instead of an O2/N2 atmosphere and offers an alternative method of C. vulgaris preparation for biofuels processing. Our results show that three stages were observed during C. vulgaris combustion and the main combustion process occurred at the second stage. Compared with a 20%O2/80%N2 atmosphere, the mass loss rate at the DTG peaks (Rp) and the average reaction rate (Rv) in a 20%O2/80%CO2 atmosphere was lower, while the ignition temperature (TI) was higher. As oxygen concentration increases in an O2/CO2 atmosphere, Rp, Rv and the apparent activation energy (E) increases, while TI, the final temperature detected as mass stabilization (Tf) and the residue mass (Mr) decreases; As the heating rate (β) increases, TI, Tf and Rp increase, while Mr decreases. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Albert Einstein and Wernher von Braun - the two great German-American physicists seen in a historical perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Winterberg, Friedwardt

2008-04-01

It was Albert Einstein who for the first time changed our view of the universe to be a non-euclidean curved space-time. And it was Wernher von Braun who blazed the trail to take us into this universe, leaving for the first time the gravitational field of our planet earth, with the landing a man on the moon the greatest event in human history. Both these great physicists did this on the shoulders of giants. Albert Einstein on the shoulders of his landsman, the mathematician Bernhard Riemann, and Wernher von Braun on the shoulders of Goddard and Oberth. Both Einstein and von Braun made a Faustian pact with the devil, von Braun by accepting research funds from Hitler, and Einstein by urging Roosvelt to build the atom bomb (against Hitler). Both of these great men later regretted the use of their work for the killing of innocent bystanders, even though in the end the invention of nuclear energy and space flight is for the benefit of man. Their example serves as a warning for all of us. It can be formulated as follows: ``Can I in good conscience accept research funds from the military to advance scientific knowledge, for weapons developed against an abstract enemy I never have met in person?'' Weapons if used do not differentiate between the scientist, who invented these weapons, and the non-scientist.

Techno-economic assessments of oxy-fuel technology for South African coal-fired power stations

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Oboirien, BO

2014-03-01

Full Text Available at the technical and economic viability of oxy-fuel technology for CO(sub2) capture for South African coal-fired power stations. This study presents a techno-economic analysis for six coal fired power stations in South Africa. Each of these power stations has a...

Effectiveness of Braun's enteroanastomosis in B II-resected stomach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lindecken, K.D.; Salm, B.

1993-01-01

With the aid of hepatobiliary sequence scintigraphy (HBSS) a functional analysis was obtained form 30 patients, subsequent to gastric surgery - after Billroth II with entero-anastomosis - which showed a suprisingly high rate of reflux into the residual stomach, in 16 out of these 30 patients. The high-grade HBSS data with regard to the biliary reflux proportions after gastric surgery and the low-grade effectiveness of Braun's entero-anastomosis are clearly evidenced. (orig./MG) [de

The odontological identification of Eva Braun Hitler.

Science.gov (United States)

Keiser-Nielsen, S; Strøm, F

1983-01-01

On May 7th-9th, 1945, a team of Russian pathologists autopsied several bodies found in and near the Fuehrer Bunker in Berlin; among them, a female body (No. 13) was later identified as that of Eva Braun Hitler (EBH), mainly by means of a gold bridge from the lower right jaw. A postmortem photograph of this bridge also shows a separate gold filling. Data now available on the dental treatment of EBH have permitted the present authors to substantiate that this gold filling also came from the mouth of EBH. Further speculation about the fate of EBH would henceforth seem professionally unfounded.

Soccer fan violence: a holistic approach: a reply to Braun and Vliegenthart

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Spaaij, R.; Anderson, A.

2010-01-01

Building on Braun and Vliegenthart’s recent study of soccer hooliganism, this article develops an explanatory model of soccer fan violence and collective violence more generally. The fabric of soccer fan violence becomes a richer tapestry if the diversity of the phenomenon is recognized and the

Analysis of cumulative energy consumption in an oxy-fuel combustion power plant integrated with a CO2 processing unit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ziębik, Andrzej; Gładysz, Paweł

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Oxy-fuel combustion is promising CCS technology. • Sum of direct and indirect energy consumption ought to be consider. • This sum is expressed by cumulative energy consumption. • Input–output analysis is adequate method of CCS modeling. - Abstract: A balance of direct energy consumption is not a sufficient tool for an energy analysis of an oxy-fuel combustion power plant because of the indirect consumption of energy in preceding processes in the energy-technological set of interconnections. The sum of direct and indirect consumption expresses cumulative energy consumption. Based on the “input–output” model of direct energy consumption the mathematical model of cumulative energy consumption concerning an integrated oxy-fuel combustion power plant has been developed. Three groups of energy carriers or materials are to be distinguished, viz. main products, by-products and external supplies not supplementing the main production. The mathematical model of the balance of cumulative energy consumption based on the assumption that the indices of cumulative energy consumption of external supplies (mainly fuels and raw materials) are known a’priori. It results from weak connections between domestic economy and an integrated oxy-fuel combustion power plant. The paper presents both examples of the balances of direct and cumulative energy consumption. The results of calculations of indices of cumulative energy consumption concerning main products are presented. A comparison of direct and cumulative energy effects between three variants has been worked out. Calculations of the indices of cumulative energy consumption were also subjected to sensitive analysis. The influence of the indices of cumulative energy consumption of external supplies (input data), as well as the assumption concerning the utilization of solid by-products of the combustion process have been investigated

EOSLT Consortium Biomass Co-firing. WP 4. Biomass co-firing in oxy-fuel combustion. Part 1. Lab- Scale Experiments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fryda, L.E. [ECN Biomass, Coal and Environmental Research, Petten (Netherlands)

2011-07-15

In the frame of WP4 of the EOS LT Co-firing program, the ash formation and deposition of selected coal/biomass blends under oxyfuel and air conditions were studied experimentally in the ECN lab scale coal combustor (LCS). The fuels used were Russian coal, South African coal and Greek Lignite, either combusted separately or in blends with cocoa and olive residue. The first trial period included tests with the Russian and South African coals and their blends with cocoa, the second trial period included Lignite with olive residue tests and a final period firing only Lignite and Russian coal, mainly to check and verify the observed results. During the testing, also enriched air combustion was applied, in order to establish conclusions whether a systematic trend on ash formation and deposition exists, ranging from conventional air, to enriched air (improving post combustion applications) until oxyfuel conditions. A horizontal deposition probe equipped with thermocouples and heat transfer sensors for on line data acquisition, and a cascade impactor (staged filter) to obtain size distributed ash samples including the submicron range at the reactor exit were used. The deposition ratio and the deposition propensity measured for the various experimental conditions were higher in all oxyfuel cases. No significant variations in the ash formation mechanisms and the ash composition were established. Finally the data obtained from the tests performed under air and oxy-fuel conditions were utilised for chemical equilibrium calculations in order to facilitate the interpretation of the measured data; the results indicate that temperature dependence and fuels/blends ash composition are the major factors affecting gaseous compound and ash composition rather than the combustion environment, which seems to affect neither the ash and fine ash (submicron) formation, nor the ash composition. The ash deposition mechanisms were studied in more detail in Part II of this report.

Sulphation of calcium-based sorbents in circulating fluidised beds under oxy-fuel combustion conditions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Francisco Garcia-Labiano; Luis F. de Diego; Alberto Abad; Pilar Gayan; Margarita de las Obras-Loscertales; Aranzazu Rufas; Juan Adanez [Instituto de Carboquimica (CSIC), Zaragoza (Spain). Dept. Energy and Environment

2009-07-01

Sulphur Retention (SR) by calcium-based sorbents is a process highly dependent on the temperature and CO{sub 2} concentration. In circulating fluidised beds combustors (CFBC's) operating under oxy-fuel conditions, the sulphation process takes place in atmospheres enriched in CO{sub 2} with bed concentrations that can vary from 40 to 95%. Under so high CO{sub 2} concentrations, very different from that in conventional coal combustion atmosphere with air, the calcination and sulphation behaviour of the sorbent must be defined to optimise the SR process in the combustor. The objective of this work was to determine the SO{sub 2} retention capacity of a Spanish limestone at typical oxy-fuel conditions in CFBC's. Long term duration tests of sulphation (up to 24 h), to simulate the residence time of sorbents in CFBC's, were carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Clear behaviour differences were found under calcining and non-calcining conditions. Especially relevant was the result obtained at calcining conditions but close to the thermodynamic temperature given for sorbent calcination. This situation must be avoided in CFBC's because the CO{sub 2} produced inside the particle during calcination can destroy the particles if a non-porous sulphate product layer has been formed around the particle. The effect of the main variables on the sorbent sulphation such as SO{sub 2} concentration, temperature, and particle size were analysed in the long term TGA tests. These data were also used to determine the kinetic parameters for the sulphation under oxy-fuel combustion conditions, which were able to adequately predict the sulphation conversion values in a wide range of operating conditions. 20 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.

The critical assessment of the carbon dioxide purification technologies after Oxyfuel combustion of coals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iovchev, M.; Gadjanov, P.; Tzvetkov, N.

2012-01-01

The critical assessment of the two carbon dioxide purification technologies after Oxyfuel - combustion of coals are discussed in the report. It is noticed that these technologies proposed by 'Foster Wheeler' and 'Air Products' companies are under development now (2012) and their presence in the international market is to be expected in the next years. (authors)

Analysis of oxy-fuel combustion power cycle utilizing a pressurized coal combustor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hong, Jongsup; Chaudhry, Gunaranjan; Brisson, J.G.; Field, Randall; Gazzino, Marco; Ghoniem, Ahmed F.

2009-01-01

Growing concerns over greenhouse gas emissions have driven extensive research into new power generation cycles that enable carbon dioxide capture and sequestration. In this regard, oxy-fuel combustion is a promising new technology in which fuels are burned in an environment of oxygen and recycled combustion gases. In this paper, an oxy-fuel combustion power cycle that utilizes a pressurized coal combustor is analyzed. We show that this approach recovers more thermal energy from the flue gases because the elevated flue gas pressure raises the dew point and the available latent enthalpy in the flue gases. The high-pressure water-condensing flue gas thermal energy recovery system reduces steam bleeding which is typically used in conventional steam cycles and enables the cycle to achieve higher efficiency. The pressurized combustion process provides the purification and compression unit with a concentrated carbon dioxide stream. For the purpose of our analysis, a flue gas purification and compression process including de-SO x , de-NO x , and low temperature flash unit is examined. We compare a case in which the combustor operates at 1.1 bars with a base case in which the combustor operates at 10 bars. Results show nearly 3% point increase in the net efficiency for the latter case.

Effect of biomass blending on coal ignition and burnout during oxy-fuel combustion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

B. Arias; C. Pevida; F. Rubiera; J.J. Pis [Instituto Nacional del Carbon, CSIC, Oviedo (Spain)

2008-09-15

Oxy-fuel combustion is a GHG abatement technology in which coal is burned using a mixture of oxygen and recycled flue gas, to obtain a rich stream of CO{sub 2} ready for sequestration. An entrained flow reactor was used in this work to study the ignition and burnout of coals and blends with biomass under oxy-fuel conditions. Mixtures of CO{sub 2}/O{sub 2} of different concentrations were used and compared with air as reference. A worsening of the ignition temperature was detected in CO{sub 2}/O{sub 2} mixtures when the oxygen concentration was the same as that of the air. However, at an oxygen concentration of 30% or higher, an improvement in ignition was observed. The blending of biomass clearly improves the ignition properties of coal in air. The burnout of coals and blends with a mixture of 79%CO{sub 2}-21%O{sub 2} is lower than in air, but an improvement is achieved when the oxygen concentration is 30 or 35%. The results of this work indicate that coal burnout can be improved by blending biomass in CO{sub 2}/O{sub 2} mixtures. 26 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

Oxy-fuel combustion on circulating fluidized bed. Chapter 5

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anthony, E.J. [Canmet, Natural Resources Canada (Canada); Hack, H. [Foster Wheeler North America Corporation (United States)

2011-07-01

This paper explores the developments and field tests carried out with oxy-fuel fluidized bed combustion. This method has the advantage over the other options of emitting a pure stream of CO2 which thus does not need to be concentrated to be liquefied, transported and stored. In addition, pilot scale tests have shown that oxy-fired circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) results in low emission and fuel flexibility. This paper highlighted that oxy-fired CFBC might be a good option for CCS but tests performed so far have been on a small scale. To confirm the promising results of pilot tests, demonstration projects are underway and are presented herein.

Weiße und Braune Zwerge zeigen sich unwirtlich

Science.gov (United States)

Heller, René

2013-02-01

Mehr als 850 Exoplaneten haben Astronomen seit dem Jahr 1992 nachgewiesen. Die meisten von ihnen umkreisen normale Hauptreihensterne, aber es wurden auch Trabanten im Umlauf um Braune oder Weiße Zwerge aufgespürt. Nun haben Rory Barnes von der University of Washington in Seattle und René Heller am Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam die Bewohnbarkeit möglicher Planeten um solche Objekte untersucht und dabei festgestellt, dass sie für Leben, wie wir es kennen, ungeeignet sind.

Resultados neonatais no parto vaginal espontâneo comparados aos dos partos com fórcipe de Simpson-Braun em primíparas Neonatal outcome of spontaneous deliveries as compared to Simpson-Braun forceps deliveries in nulliparous women

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Belmiro Gonçalves Pereira

2004-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: comparar os resultados neonatais dos partos vaginais espontâneos ou assistidos com fórcipe de Simpson-Braun em nulíparas. MÉTODO: em estudo de corte retrospectivo foram avaliados dois grupos de primíparas atendidas no Centro Obstétrico do CAISM/UNICAMP, que tiveram parto vaginal sob analgesia epidural. O grupo fórcipe foi formado por 119 pacientes que tiveram parto a fórcipe de Simpson-Braun, e o grupo normal por 114 casos de parto vaginal espontâneo. Foram estudadas as variáveis neonatais imediatas como o estado do líquido amniótico e os índices de Apgar, assim como a evolução neonatal nos primeiros dias de vida. Para análise estatística foram utilizados os testes c², exato de Fisher e t de Student para comparação de médias e considerada significativa a diferença correspondente a pPURPOSE: to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes between spontaneous vaginal and Simpson-Braun forceps deliveries in nulliparous women. METHOD: a retrospective study including two groups of nulliparous women, who had vaginal delivery under peridural anesthesia in the obstetric unit of the CAISM-UNICAMP: the forceps group included 119 women who had Simpson-Braun forceps delivery, and the normal group included 114 women who delivered spontaneously. Neonatal outcomes, such as Apgar score and the evolution in the first days of life, were studied. Data were compared in both groups and, for statistical analysis, c² test, Fisher exact, and Student t tests were used. The differences were considered significant when p<0.05. RESULTS: the indications for Simpson-Braun forceps delivery were maternal-fetal relief (90 cases and abbreviation of the expulsive period (29 cases. In the forceps group there were 8 cases (6.7% of vaginal injuries; a similar result was observed in the normal group. The number of hospitalization days for the parturient and the newborns was identical, 2.4 days. The newborns in the two groups had similar Apgar scores

Dr. von Braun Relaxes After the Successful Launch of Apollo 11

Science.gov (United States)

1969-01-01

Dr. Wernher von Braun, first director of the Marshall Space Flight Center, relaxes following the successful launch of the Saturn V carrying Apollo 11 to the moon. The towering 363-foot Saturn V was a multi-stage, multi-engine launch vehicle standing taller than the Statue of Liberty. Altogether, the Saturn V engines produced as much power as 85 Hoover Dams.

Thermodynamic analysis of a directly heated oxyfuel supercritical power system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chowdhury, A.S.M. Arifur; Bugarin, Luz; Badhan, Antara; Choudhuri, Ahsan; Love, Norman

2016-01-01

Highlights: • A thermodynamic analysis of a supercritical power cycle is presented. • The supercritical power cycle is modeled using ASPEN HYSYS®. • A liquid methane and oxygen feed system is more efficient than a gaseous system. • CO_2 recirculated in gas form is 10.6% more efficient than when in liquid form. • Commercially available technologies permit liquid feed system delivery. - Abstract: Directly heated supercritical oxy-fuel gas turbines have potential to provide a higher thermal efficiency and lower pollutant emissions compared to current gas turbine systems. Motivated by the advantages of an oxyfuel-based directly heated supercritical power system, this paper presents an analysis of different operating conditions using ASPEN HYSYS®. This study first investigates the efficiency of gaseous or liquid methane and oxygen feed systems. T-s and P-v diagrams are generated and compared to each other to determine which is more efficient. The analysis revealed that the entropy generated during the combustion process for a liquid feed system is approximately three times higher than when methane and oxygen are compressed in gaseous form and delivered to the combustor and burned. To mitigate the high temperatures (3300 K) of the methane and oxygen combustion reaction, carbon dioxide is recirculated. For this portion of the system, the use of gaseous and liquid carbon dioxide recirculation loops and their corresponding efficiencies are determined. The investigation shows that the system yielded a higher net efficiency of 55.1% when gaseous carbon dioxide is recirculated as a diluent with liquid methane and oxygen delivery to the combustor.

Citizenship Ceremony for Dr. von Braun and German-Born Scientists and Engineers

Science.gov (United States)

1955-01-01

In a swearing-in ceremony held at Huntsville High School, one hundred and three German-born scientists and engineers, along with family members, took the oath of citizenship to become United States citizens. Among those taking the oath was Dr. Wernher von Braun, located in the second row, right side, third from the end.

Combustion characteristics and air pollutant formation during oxy-fuel co-combustion of microalgae and lignite.

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Yuan; Tahmasebi, Arash; Dou, Jinxiao; Yu, Jianglong

2016-05-01

Oxy-fuel combustion of solid fuels is seen as one of the key technologies for carbon capture to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The combustion characteristics of lignite coal, Chlorella vulgaris microalgae, and their blends under O2/N2 and O2/CO2 conditions were studied using a Thermogravimetric Analyzer-Mass Spectroscopy (TG-MS). During co-combustion of blends, three distinct peaks were observed and were attributed to C. vulgaris volatiles combustion, combustion of lignite, and combustion of microalgae char. Activation energy during combustion was calculated using iso-conventional method. Increasing the microalgae content in the blend resulted in an increase in activation energy for the blends combustion. The emissions of S- and N-species during blend fuel combustion were also investigated. The addition of microalgae to lignite during air combustion resulted in lower CO2, CO, and NO2 yields but enhanced NO, COS, and SO2 formation. During oxy-fuel co-combustion, the addition of microalgae to lignite enhanced the formation of gaseous species. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of flue gas recirculation during oxy-fuel combustion in a rotary cement kiln

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Granados, David A.; Chejne, Farid; Mejía, Juan M.; Gómez, Carlos A.; Berrío, Ariel; Jurado, William J.

2014-01-01

The effect of Flue Gas Recirculation (FGR) during Oxy-Fuel Combustion in a Rotary Cement Kiln was analyzed by using a CFD model applied to coal combustion process. The CFD model is based on 3D-balance equations for mass, species, energy and momentum. Turbulence and radiation model coupled to a chemical kinetic mechanism for pyrolysis processes, gas–solid and gas–gas reactions was included to predicts species and flame temperature distribution, as well as convective and radiation energy fluxes. The model was used to study coal combustion with air and with oxygen for FGR between 30 and 85% as controller parameter for temperature in the process. Flame length effect and heat transfer by convection and radiation to the clinkering process for several recirculation ratios was studied. Theoretical studies predicted a located increase of energy flux and a reduction in flame length with respect to the traditional system which is based on air combustion. The impact of FGR on the oxy-fuel combustion process and different energy scenarios in cement kilns to increase energy efficiency and clinker production were studied and evaluated. Simulation results were in close agreement with experimental data, where the maximum deviation was 7%

Dry syngas purification process for coal gas produced in oxy-fuel type integrated gasification combined cycle power generation with carbon dioxide capturing feature.

Science.gov (United States)

Kobayashi, Makoto; Akiho, Hiroyuki

2017-12-01

Electricity production from coal fuel with minimizing efficiency penalty for the carbon dioxide abatement will bring us sustainable and compatible energy utilization. One of the promising options is oxy-fuel type Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (oxy-fuel IGCC) power generation that is estimated to achieve thermal efficiency of 44% at lower heating value (LHV) base and provide compressed carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) with concentration of 93 vol%. The proper operation of the plant is established by introducing dry syngas cleaning processes to control halide and sulfur compounds satisfying tolerate contaminants level of gas turbine. To realize the dry process, the bench scale test facility was planned to demonstrate the first-ever halide and sulfur removal with fixed bed reactor using actual syngas from O 2 -CO 2 blown gasifier for the oxy-fuel IGCC power generation. Design parameter for the test facility was required for the candidate sorbents for halide removal and sulfur removal. Breakthrough test was performed on two kinds of halide sorbents at accelerated condition and on honeycomb desulfurization sorbent at varied space velocity condition. The results for the both sorbents for halide and sulfur exhibited sufficient removal within the satisfactory short depth of sorbent bed, as well as superior bed conversion of the impurity removal reaction. These performance evaluation of the candidate sorbents of halide and sulfur removal provided rational and affordable design parameters for the bench scale test facility to demonstrate the dry syngas cleaning process for oxy-fuel IGCC system as the scaled up step of process development. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Advanced Oxyfuel power plant process with CO{sub 2} separation for power generation from brown coal and competitionable for future; Innovativer Oxyfuel-Kraftwerksprozess mit CO{sub 2}-Abscheidung fuer eine auch in Zukunft wettbewerbsfaehige Stromerzeugung aus Braunkohle

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gilli, P.G.; Hellfritsch, S. [Technische Universitaet Dresden (Germany); Jentsch, N. [Vattenfall Europe Generation, Cottbus (Germany)

2004-07-01

The Oxyfuel process for lignite combustion with CO{sub 2} separation is illustrated by the example of a industrial-scale power plant process. Consequent optimisation of the process with integrated waste air utilisation and further efficiency-increasing measures will make the power plant as efficient as modern conventional lignite-fuelled power stations. (orig.)

Advanced Diagnostics in Oxy-Fuel Combustion Processes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brix, Jacob; Toftegaard, Maja Bøg; Clausen, Sønnik

This report sums up the findings in PSO-project 010069, “Advanced Diagnostics in Oxy- Fuel Combustion Processes”. Three areas of optic diagnostics are covered in this work: - FTIR measurements in a 30 kW swirl burner. - IR measurements in a 30 kW swirl burner. - IR measurements in a laboratory...... technique was an invaluable tool in the discussion of data obtained by gas analysis, and it allowed for estimation of combustion times in O2/CO2 where the high CO2 concentration prevents the use of the carbon mass balance for that purpose. During the project the data have been presented at a conference......, formed the basis of a publication and it is part of two PhD dissertations. The name of the conference the journal and the dissertations are listed below. - Joint Meeting of the Scandinavian-Nordic and French Sections of the Combustion Institute, Combustion of Char Particles under Oxy-Fuel Conditions...

Laminar oxy-fuel diffusion flame supported by an oxygen-permeable-ion-transport membrane

KAUST Repository

Hong, Jongsup

2013-03-01

A numerical model with detailed gas-phase chemistry and transport was used to predict homogeneous fuel conversion processes and to capture the important features (e.g., the location, temperature, thickness and structure of a flame) of laminar oxy-fuel diffusion flames stabilized on the sweep side of an oxygen permeable ion transport membrane (ITM). We assume that the membrane surface is not catalytic to hydrocarbon or syngas oxidation. It has been demonstrated that an ITM can be used for hydrocarbon conversion with enhanced reaction selectivity such as oxy-fuel combustion for carbon capture technologies and syngas production. Within an ITM unit, the oxidizer flow rate, i.e., the oxygen permeation flux, is not a pre-determined quantity, since it depends on the oxygen partial pressures on the feed and sweep sides and the membrane temperature. Instead, it is influenced by the oxidation reactions that are also dependent on the oxygen permeation rate, the initial conditions of the sweep gas, i.e., the fuel concentration, flow rate and temperature, and the diluent. In oxy-fuel combustion applications, the sweep side is fuel-diluted with CO2, and the entire unit is preheated to achieve a high oxygen permeation flux. This study focuses on the flame structure under these conditions and specifically on the chemical effect of CO2 dilution. Results show that, when the fuel diluent is CO2, a diffusion flame with a lower temperature and a larger thickness is established in the vicinity of the membrane, in comparison with the case in which N2 is used as a diluent. Enhanced OH-driven reactions and suppressed H radical chemistry result in the formation of products with larger CO and H2O and smaller H2 concentrations. Moreover, radical concentrations are reduced due to the high CO2 fraction in the sweep gas. CO2 dilution reduces CH3 formation and slows down the formation of soot precursors, C2H2 and C2H4. The flame location impacts the species diffusion and heat transfer from the

Steam-moderated oxy-fuel combustion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seepana, Sivaji; Jayanti, Sreenivas

2010-01-01

The objective of the present paper is to propose a new variant of the oxy-fuel combustion for carbondioxide (CO 2 ) sequestration in which steam is used to moderate the flame temperature. In this process, pure oxygen is mixed with steam and the resulting oxidant mixture is sent to the boiler for combustion with a fossil fuel. The advantage of this method is that flue gas recirculation is avoided and the volumetric flow rates through the boiler and auxiliary components is reduced by about 39% when compared to the conventional air-fired coal combustion power plant leading to a reduction in the size of the boiler. The flue gas, after condensation of steam, consists primarily of CO 2 and can be sent directly for compression and sequestration. Flame structure analysis has been carried out using a 325-step reaction mechanism of methane-oxidant combustion to determine the concentration of oxygen required to ensure a stable flame. Thermodynamic exergy analysis has also been carried out on SMOC-operated CO 2 sequestration power plant and air-fired power plant, which shows that though the gross efficiency increases the absolute power penalty of ∼8% for CO 2 sequestration when compared to air-fired power plant.

Steam-moderated oxy-fuel combustion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seepana, Sivaji; Jayanti, Sreenivas [Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Madras, Adyar, Chennai 600 036 (India)

2010-10-15

The objective of the present paper is to propose a new variant of the oxy-fuel combustion for carbondioxide (CO{sub 2}) sequestration in which steam is used to moderate the flame temperature. In this process, pure oxygen is mixed with steam and the resulting oxidant mixture is sent to the boiler for combustion with a fossil fuel. The advantage of this method is that flue gas recirculation is avoided and the volumetric flow rates through the boiler and auxiliary components is reduced by about 39% when compared to the conventional air-fired coal combustion power plant leading to a reduction in the size of the boiler. The flue gas, after condensation of steam, consists primarily of CO{sub 2} and can be sent directly for compression and sequestration. Flame structure analysis has been carried out using a 325-step reaction mechanism of methane-oxidant combustion to determine the concentration of oxygen required to ensure a stable flame. Thermodynamic exergy analysis has also been carried out on SMOC-operated CO{sub 2} sequestration power plant and air-fired power plant, which shows that though the gross efficiency increases the absolute power penalty of {proportional_to}8% for CO{sub 2} sequestration when compared to air-fired power plant. (author)

Cold flow model study of an oxyfuel combustion pilot plant

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guio-Perez, D.C.; Tondl, G.; Hoeltl, W.; Proell, T.; Hofbauer, H. [Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna (Austria)

2011-12-15

The fluid-dynamic behavior of a circulating fluidized bed pilot plant for oxyfuel combustion was studied in a cold flow model, down-scaled using Glicksman's criteria. Pressures along the unit and the global circulation rate were used for characterization. The analysis of five operating parameters and their influence on the system was carried out; namely, total solids inventory and the air velocity of primary, secondary, loop seal and support fluidizations. The cold flow model study shows that the reactor design allows stable operation at a wide range of fluidization rates, with results that agree well with previous observations described in the literature. (Copyright copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

New weighted sum of gray gases model applicable to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of oxy-fuel combustion

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Yin, Chungen; Johansen, Lars Christian Riis; Rosendahl, Lasse

2010-01-01

gases model (WSGGM) is derived, which is applicable to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of both air-fuel and oxy-fuel combustion. First, a computer code is developed to evaluate the emissivity of any gas mixture at any condition by using the exponential wide band model (EWBM...

Feasibility Assessment of CO2 Capture Retrofitted to an Existing Cement Plant : Post-combustion vs. Oxy-fuel Combustion Technology

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gerbelová, Hana; Van Der Spek, Mijndert; Schakel, Wouter

2017-01-01

This research presents a preliminary techno-economic evaluation of CO2 capture integrated with a cement plant. Two capture technologies are evaluated, monoethanolamine (MEA) post-combustion CO2 capture and oxy-fuel combustion. Both are considered potential technologies that could contribute to

Chemical effects of a high CO2 concentration in oxy-fuel combustion of methane

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Glarborg, Peter; Bentzen, L.L.B.

2008-01-01

The oxidation of methane in an atmospheric-pres sure flow reactor has been studied experimentally under highly diluted conditions in N-2 and CO2, respectively. The stoichiometry was varied from fuel-lean to fuel-rich, and the temperatures covered the range 1200-1800 K. The results were interpreted...... CO2. The high local CO levels may have implications for near-burner corrosion and stagging, but increased problems with CO emission in oxy-fuel combustion are not anticipated....

SO3 Formation and the Effect of Fly Ash in a Bubbling Fluidised Bed under Oxy-Fuel Combustion Conditions.

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Sarbassov, Y.; Duan, L.; Jeremiáš, Michal; Manovic, V.; Anthony, E.J.

2017-01-01

Roč. 167, DEC 1 (2017), s. 314-321 ISSN 0378-3820 Institutional support: RVO:67985858 Keywords : SO3 formation * oxy-fuel combustion * fluidised bed Subject RIV: JE - Non-nuclear Energetics, Energy Consumption ; Use OBOR OECD: Energy and fuels Impact factor: 3.752, year: 2016

CO{sub 2} capture from oil refinery process heaters through oxyfuel combustion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

M.B. Wilkinson; J.C. Boden; T. Gilmartin; C. Ward; D.A. Cross; R.J. Allam; N.W.Ivens [BP, Sunbury-on-Thames (United Kingdom)

2003-07-01

BP has a programme to develop technologies that could reduce greenhouse gas emissions, by the capture and storage of CO{sub 2} from existing industrial boilers and process heaters. One generic technology under development is oxyfuel combustion, with flue gas recycle. Previous studies, by three of the authors, have concluded that refinery steam boilers could be successfully converted to oxyfuel firing. Fired heaters, however, differ from boilers in several respects and so it was decided to study the feasibility of converting process heaters. Three heaters, located on BP s Grangemouth refinery, were chosen as examples, as they are typical of large numbers of heaters worldwide. In establishing the parameters of the study, it was decided that the heat fluxes to the process tubes should not be increased, compared to conventional air firing. For two of the heaters this was achieved by proposing a slightly higher recycle rate than for the boiler conversion studied earlier - the heater duty would be retained with no changes to the tubes. For the third heater, where the process duty uses only the radiant section, the CO{sub 2} capture cost and the firing rate could be reduced by lowering the recycle rate. Some air in leakage to these heaters was considered inevitable, despite measures to control it, and therefore plant to remove residual inerts from the CO{sub 2} product was designed. Cryogenic oxygen production was selected for two heaters, but for the smallest heater vacuum swing adsorption was more economic. 3 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.

Flame structure and NO generation in oxy-fuel combustion at high pressures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seepana, Sivaji; Jayanti, Sreenivas

2009-01-01

A numerical study of oxy-fuel combustion has been carried out in the pressure range of 0.1-3 MPa with methane as the fuel and carbondioxide-diluted oxygen with trace amount of nitrogen (termed here as c a ir) as the oxidant. The flame structure and NO generation rate have been calculated using the flamelet model with the detailed GRI 3.0 mechanism for two oxygen concentrations of 23.3% and 20% by weight in the oxidant at a strain rate of 40 s -1 (corresponding to a scalar dissipation rate of 1 s -1 ). It is observed that, for the reference case of 23.3 wt.% of oxygen, as the pressure increases, the peak temperature of the flame increases rapidly up to a pressure of 0.5 MPa, and more gradually at higher pressures. The concentrations of important intermediate radicals such as CH 3 , H and OH decrease considerably with increasing pressure while NO concentration follows the same trend as the temperature. Reducing the oxygen concentration to 20% by weight leads to an order of magnitude reduction in NO concentration. Also, for pressures greater than 0.3 MPa, the NO concentration decreases with increasing pressure in spite of the increasing peak flame temperatures. This can be attributed to the increasing domination of recombination reactions leading to less availability of the intermediate radicals H and OH which are necessary for the formation of NO by the thermal route. It is concluded that a stable, low NO x oxy-fuel flame can be obtained at high pressures at slightly increased dilution of oxygen

Investigation on Flame Characteristics and Burner Operability Issues of Oxy-Fuel Combustion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choudhuri, Ahsan [Univ. Of Texas, El Paso, TX (United States)

2013-09-30

Oxy-fuel combustion has been used previously in a wide range of industrial applications. Oxy- combustion is carried out by burning a hydrocarbon fuel with oxygen instead of air. Flames burning in this configuration achieve higher flame temperatures which present opportunities for significant efficiency improvements and direct capture of CO₂ from the exhaust stream. In an effort to better understand and characterize the fundamental flame characteristics of oxy-fuel combustion this research presents the experimental measurements of flame stability of various oxyfuel flames. Effects of H₂ concentration, fuel composition, exhaust gas recirculation ratio, firing inputs, and burner diameters on the flame stability of these fuels are discussed. Effects of exhaust gas recirculation i.e. CO₂ and H₂O (steam) acting as diluents on burner operability are also presented. The roles of firing input on flame stability are then analyzed. For this study it was observed that many oxy-flames did not stabilize without exhaust gas recirculation due to their higher burning velocities. In addition, the stability regime of all compositions was observed to decrease as the burner diameter increased. A flashback model is also presented, using the critical velocity gradient g_F) values for CH₄-O₂-CO₂ flames. The second part of the study focuses on the experimental measurements of the flow field characteristics of premixed CH₄/21%O₂/79%N₂ and CH₄/38%O₂/72%CO₂ mixtures at constant firing input of 7.5 kW, constant, equivalence ratio of 0.8, constant swirl number of 0.92 and constant Reynolds Numbers. These measurements were taken in a swirl stabilized combustor at atmospheric pressure. The flow field visualization using Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) technique is implemented to make a better understanding of the turbulence characteristics of

A Comparative CFD Study on Simulating Flameless Oxy-Fuel Combustion in a Pilot-Scale Furnace

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mersedeh Ghadamgahi

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The current study presents a method to model the flameless oxy-fuel system, with a comparative approach, as well as validation of the predictions. The validation has been done by comparing the predicted results with previously published experimental results from a 200 kW pilot furnace. A suction pyrometer has been used to measure the local temperature and concentrations of CO, CO2, and O2 at 24 different locations. A three-dimensional CFD model was developed and the validity of using different submodels describing turbulence and chemical reactions was evaluated. The standard k-ε model was compared with the realizable k-ε model for turbulence, while Probability Density Function (PDF with either chemical equilibrium or the Steady Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM was evaluated for combustion. Radiation was described using a Discrete Ordinates Model (DOM with weighted-sum-of-grey-gases model (WSGGM. The smallest deviation between predictions and experiments for temperature (1.2% was found using the realizable k-ε model and the SLFM. This improvement affects the prediction of gaseous species as well since the deviation between predictions and experiments for CO2 volume percentages decreased from 6% to 1.5%. This provides a recommendation for model selections in further studies on flameless oxy-fuel combustion.

Flame structure and NO generation in oxy-fuel combustion at high pressures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seepana, Sivaji; Jayanti, Sreenivas [Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai 600 036 (India)

2009-04-15

A numerical study of oxy-fuel combustion has been carried out in the pressure range of 0.1-3 MPa with methane as the fuel and carbondioxide-diluted oxygen with trace amount of nitrogen (termed here as c{sub a}ir) as the oxidant. The flame structure and NO generation rate have been calculated using the flamelet model with the detailed GRI 3.0 mechanism for two oxygen concentrations of 23.3% and 20% by weight in the oxidant at a strain rate of 40 s{sup -1} (corresponding to a scalar dissipation rate of 1 s{sup -1}). It is observed that, for the reference case of 23.3 wt.% of oxygen, as the pressure increases, the peak temperature of the flame increases rapidly up to a pressure of 0.5 MPa, and more gradually at higher pressures. The concentrations of important intermediate radicals such as CH{sub 3}, H and OH decrease considerably with increasing pressure while NO concentration follows the same trend as the temperature. Reducing the oxygen concentration to 20% by weight leads to an order of magnitude reduction in NO concentration. Also, for pressures greater than 0.3 MPa, the NO concentration decreases with increasing pressure in spite of the increasing peak flame temperatures. This can be attributed to the increasing domination of recombination reactions leading to less availability of the intermediate radicals H and OH which are necessary for the formation of NO by the thermal route. It is concluded that a stable, low NO{sub x} oxy-fuel flame can be obtained at high pressures at slightly increased dilution of oxygen. (author)

Carbon behavior in the cyclic operation of dry desulfurization process for oxy-fuel integrated gasification combined cycle power generation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kobayashi, Makoto; Akiho, Hiroyuki

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Power plant with semi-closed gas turbine and O_2–CO_2 coal gasifier was studied. • Dry gas sulfur removal sorbent was improved for durability to carbon deposition. • The improved sorbent showed very low amount of deposited carbon during operation. • The sorbent is regenerable to be used repeatedly in the cyclic operation. • The sorbent exhibited high sulfur-removal performance in the cyclic operation. - Abstract: The dry sulfur-removal process is essential to provide suitable syngas treatment for the oxy-fuel integrated gasification combined cycle power generation plant. It is required that the dry sulfur-removal process to be durable to the carbon deposition due to syngas containing high concentration of carbon monoxide in addition to achieve sufficient performance for sulfur removal. Zinc ferrite sorbent is the most promising candidate for the dry sulfur-removal process. The sorbent was improved to enhance durability to the carbon deposition by modifying preparation. The improved sorbent was prepared from sulfates as the raw materials of zinc ferrite, while the former sorbent was using nitrates as the raw materials. The improved sorbent as well as the former sorbent were evaluated on the performance and carbon deposition tendency in oxy-fuel syngas condition in a fixed bed reactor at elevated pressure and temperature. The results expressed that the improved sorbent has higher desulfurization performance and durability to carbon deposition in the condition expected for cyclic operation of the sulfur-removal process in comparison with the former sorbent. The improved sorbent possessed the superior desulfurization performance as well as the capability for inhibit carbon deposition in the oxy-fuel syngas conditions. The results confirmed the enhanced feasibility of the dry sulfur-removal process by utilizing the improved sorbent.

An experimental and mathematical modeling study comparing the reactivity and burnout of pulverized coal in air (O{sub 2}/N{sub 2}) and oxyfuel (O{sub 2}/CO{sub 2}) environments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liza Elliott; Yinghui Liu; Bart Buhre; Jennifer Martin; Raj Gupta; Terry Wall [University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (Australia). Cooperative Research Centre for Coal in Sustainable Development, Chemical Engineering

2005-07-01

Carbon dioxide in flue gas from conventional combustion processes is present as a dilute gas. CO{sub 2} capture is more easily achieved from a concentrated CO{sub 2} stream, which can be achieved by firing fuels with oxygen to obtain a sequestration ready gas stream, called oxy-fuel combustion. In this technology, the oxygen stream is usually diluted by recycled flue gas (RFG), so that the coal burns in an environment which is primarily O{sub 2}/CO{sub 2}. A size cut of a number of pulverised coals were devolatalised in N{sub 2} and CO{sub 2}. These sized coals were also combusted in a drop-tube furnace in an O{sub 2}/N{sub 2} environment simulating air combustion, and O{sub 2}/CO{sub 2} simulating oxyfuel combustion, with varying O{sub 2} levels from 3 to 30% v/v. Measurements of the extent of devolatilisation and coal burnout were completed. The detailed data provided for one coal indicated that the devolatilisation process in the O{sub 2}/CO{sub 2} environments is influenced by char gasification, and the char reaction rates are fitted better by a fractional order rate than first order in oxygen. Combustion rates in the oxyfuel environment were slightly higher. Estimates of the burnout for furnaces retrofitted from air to oxyfuel indicate that a better burnout can be expected. These trends were common for all coals. 14 refs., 4 figs., 5 tabs.

Speciation, behaviour, and fate of mercury under oxy-fuel combustion conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Córdoba, Patricia; Maroto-Valer, M.; Delgado, Miguel Angel; Diego, Ruth; Font, Oriol; Querol, Xavier

2016-01-01

The work presented here reports the first study in which the speciation, behaviour and fate of mercury (Hg) have been evaluated under oxy-fuel combustion at the largest oxy-Pulverised Coal Combustion (oxy-PCC) demonstration plant to date during routine operating conditions and partial exhaust flue gas re-circulation to the boiler. The effect of the CO 2 -rich flue gas re-circulation on Hg has also been evaluated. Results reveal that oxy-PCC operational conditions play a significant role on Hg partitioning and fate because of the continuous CO 2 -rich flue gas re-circulations to the boiler. Mercury escapes from the cyclone in a gaseous form as Hg 2+ (68%) and it is the prevalent form in the CO 2 -rich exhaust flue gas (99%) with lower proportions of Hg 0 (1.3%). The overall retention rate for gaseous Hg is around 12%; Hg 0 is more prone to be retained (95%) while Hg 2+ shows a negative efficiency capture for the whole installation. The negative Hg 2+ capture efficiencies are due to the continuous CO 2 -rich exhaust flue gas recirculation to the boiler with enhanced Hg contents. Calculations revealed that 44 mg of Hg were re-circulated to the boiler as a result of 2183 re-circulations of CO 2 -rich flue gas. Especial attention must be paid to the role of the CO 2 -rich exhaust flue gas re-circulation to the boiler on the Hg enrichment in Fly Ashes (FAs). - Highlights: • The fate of gaseous Hg has been evaluated under oxy-fuel combustion. • The Hg oxidation process is enhanced in CO 2 -rich flue gas recirculation. • Hg 2+ is the prevalent gas species in the CO 2 -rich exhaust flue gas. • Hg 2+ (g) shows a negative efficiency capture for the whole installation. • Especial attention must be paid to the Hg enrichment in Fly Ashes.

Speciation, behaviour, and fate of mercury under oxy-fuel combustion conditions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Córdoba, Patricia, E-mail: pc247@hw.ac.uk [Centre for Innovation on Carbon Capture and Storage (CICCS), Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS (United Kingdom); Maroto-Valer, M. [Centre for Innovation on Carbon Capture and Storage (CICCS), Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS (United Kingdom); Delgado, Miguel Angel; Diego, Ruth [Fundacion Ciudad de la Energia (CIUDEN), Avenida Segunda, No 2 (Compostilla), 24004 Ponferrada, León (Spain); Font, Oriol; Querol, Xavier [Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona (Spain)

2016-02-15

The work presented here reports the first study in which the speciation, behaviour and fate of mercury (Hg) have been evaluated under oxy-fuel combustion at the largest oxy-Pulverised Coal Combustion (oxy-PCC) demonstration plant to date during routine operating conditions and partial exhaust flue gas re-circulation to the boiler. The effect of the CO{sub 2}-rich flue gas re-circulation on Hg has also been evaluated. Results reveal that oxy-PCC operational conditions play a significant role on Hg partitioning and fate because of the continuous CO{sub 2}-rich flue gas re-circulations to the boiler. Mercury escapes from the cyclone in a gaseous form as Hg{sup 2+} (68%) and it is the prevalent form in the CO{sub 2}-rich exhaust flue gas (99%) with lower proportions of Hg{sup 0} (1.3%). The overall retention rate for gaseous Hg is around 12%; Hg{sup 0} is more prone to be retained (95%) while Hg{sup 2+} shows a negative efficiency capture for the whole installation. The negative Hg{sup 2+} capture efficiencies are due to the continuous CO{sub 2}-rich exhaust flue gas recirculation to the boiler with enhanced Hg contents. Calculations revealed that 44 mg of Hg were re-circulated to the boiler as a result of 2183 re-circulations of CO{sub 2}-rich flue gas. Especial attention must be paid to the role of the CO{sub 2}-rich exhaust flue gas re-circulation to the boiler on the Hg enrichment in Fly Ashes (FAs). - Highlights: • The fate of gaseous Hg has been evaluated under oxy-fuel combustion. • The Hg oxidation process is enhanced in CO{sub 2}-rich flue gas recirculation. • Hg{sup 2+} is the prevalent gas species in the CO{sub 2}-rich exhaust flue gas. • Hg{sup 2+}{sub (g)} shows a negative efficiency capture for the whole installation. • Especial attention must be paid to the Hg enrichment in Fly Ashes.

A study on the capture of carbon dioxide from a large refinery power station boiler by conversion to oxyfuel operation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wilkinson, M.B.; Boden, J.C.; Panesar, R.S.; Allam, R.J. [BP Amoco, Sunbury-on-Thames (United Kingdom)

2001-07-01

A detailed feasibility study has been carried out on the conversion of an existing refinery power station boiler, fired with refinery off-gas, to oxyfuel operation with carbon dioxide capture. The conversion was shown to be technically feasible using proven technologies. Boiler output could be maintained without significant pressure-part modifications and there would be no loss of boiler efficiency. It would be possible to retain a capability to operate in conventional air firing mode for start-up and emergency situations. The concept has been developed to a stage where a demonstration plant could be designed. The major elements of the capital costs of conversion are associated with the air separation unit and the carbon dioxide treatment and compression train and the additional operating costs are associated principally with the power consumption of these units. Further optimisation of the oxyfuel combustion system is possible and it is anticipated that the ongoing developments in air separation technology will help to make significant reductions in these costs in the future. 5 refs., 6 figs.

Dr. von Braun and Dr. Stuhlinger With a Model of the Nuclear-Electric Vehicles

Science.gov (United States)

2004-01-01

In this photo, taken at the Walt Disney Studios in California, Dr. Wernher von Braun and Dr. Ernst Stuhlinger are shown discussing the concepts of nuclear-electric spaceships designed to undertake the mission to the planet Mars. As a part of the Disney 'Tomorrowland' series on the exploration of space, the nuclear-electric vehicles were shown in the last three television films, entitled 'Mars and Beyond,' which first aired in December 1957.

Research and development of methods and technologies for CO2 capture in fossil fuel power plants and storage in geological formations in the Czech Republic, stage 2.3. Conceptual proposal for technological solution for application of the oxyfuel method. Revision 0

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dlouhy, Tomas

2010-12-01

Technological solution for application of the oxyfuel method at a typical power unit was proposed and optimised. Based on comparison of options, wet recirculation taken downstream of the electrostatic fly ash separator was selected. Suppressing false air suction into the facility to the minimum is imperative. The selected type design of the oxyfuel technology was integrated into the typical thermal design of the power unit in order to assess the effects on its efficiency. Calculations suggest that the variant with a boiler modified to accommodate the oxyfuel technology may attain a higher efficiency than the unit based on combustion with air. The thermal design was optimised, i.e. the flue gases which were too hot were cooled and the heat was fed to the feedwater preheater

Direct sulfation of limestone based on oxy-fuel combustion technology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, C.M.; Zhao, C.S.; Liu, S.T.; Wang, C.B. [North China Electric Power University, Baoding (China)

2009-10-15

With limestone as the sorbent, the sulfation reaction can proceed via two different routes depending on whether calcination of the limestone takes place under the given reaction conditions. The direct sulfation reaction is defined as the sulfation reaction between sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}) and limestone in an uncalcined state. This reaction, based on oxyfuel combustion technology, was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Surface morphologies of the limestone particles after sulfation were examined by a scanning electron microscope. Results show that there are more pores or gaps in the product layer formed by direct sulfation of limestone than by indirect sulfation, which can be attributed to the generation of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) at a reaction interface. Compared with indirect sulfation, direct sulfation of limestone can yield much higher conversion and has a much higher reaction rate. For direct sulfation, the greater porosity in the product layer greatly reduces the solid-state ion diffusion distance, resulting in a higher reaction rate and higher conversion.

Numerical simulations of the industrial circulating fluidized bed boiler under air- and oxy-fuel combustion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adamczyk, Wojciech P.; Kozołub, Paweł; Klimanek, Adam; Białecki, Ryszard A.; Andrzejczyk, Marek; Klajny, Marcin

2015-01-01

Measured and numerical results of air-fuel combustion process within large scale industrial circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler is presented in this paper. For numerical simulations the industrial compact CFB boiler was selected. Numerical simulations were carried out using three-dimensional model where the dense particulate transport phenomenon was simultaneously modelled with combustion process. The fluidization process was modelled using the hybrid Euler-Lagrange approach. The impact of the geometrical model simplification on predicted mass distribution and temperature profiles over CFB boiler combustion chamber two kinds of geometrical models were used, namely the complete model which consist of combustion chamber, solid separators, external solid super-heaters and simplified boiler geometry which was reduced to the combustion chamber. The evaluated temperature and pressure profiles during numerical simulations were compared against measured data collected during boiler air-fuel operation. Collected data was also used for validating numerical model of the oxy-fuel combustion model. Stability of the model and its sensitivity on changes of several input parameters were studied. The comparison of the pressure and temperature profiles for all considered cases gave comparable trends in contrary to measured data. Moreover, some additional test was carried out the check the influence of radiative heat transfer on predicted temperature profile within the CFB boiler. - Highlights: • Hybrid Euler-Lagrange approach was used for modelling particle transport, air- and oxy-fuel combustion process. • Numerical results were validated against measured data. • The influence of different boiler operating conditions on calculated temperature profile was investigated. • New strategy for resolving particle transport in circulating fluidized bed was shown

Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Oxyfuel and Post-combustion Capture with MEA and AMP/PZ - Case Studies from the EDDiCCUT Project

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Oreggioni, Gabriel D.; Singh, Bhawna; Hung, Christine Roxanne; Van Der Spek, Mijndert W.; Skagestad, Ragnhild; Eldrup, Nils Henrik; Ramirez, Andrea; Strømman, Anders Hammer

2017-01-01

This work presents the results of a comparative life cycle assessment study for three CCS technologies applied to a coal-fired power plant: post-combustion capture with MEA, post combustion capture with AMP/PZ and cryogenic oxy-fuel. This study has been performed in the context of the EDDiCCUT

Enhancement of natural killer cell activity in healthy subjects by Immulina®, a Spirulina extract enriched for Braun-type lipoproteins

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Claus Henrik; Balachandran, Premalatha; Christensen, Ole

2010-01-01

Immulina®, a commercial extract of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis is a potent activator of THP-1 monocytes and CD4+ T cells IN VITRO and enhances several immunological functions in mice. We further characterized Immulina® by determining that Braun-type lipoproteins are responsible for a major...

An oxyfuel-power-plant as an example of object oriented modelling and predictive control of the fuel gas cycle; Objektorientierte Modellierung und praediktive Regelung des Rauchgaskreislaufs eines Oxyfuel-Kraftwerksprozesses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Noetges, Thomas

2008-07-01

For a reduction of CO2 emissions, research is made on new fossil power plant concepts with integrated CO2 separation. This includes a new oxyfuel power plant process developed in the context of the OXYCOAL-AC project of RWTH Aachen University. The central component of this process is a ceramic membrane which at high temperatures and pressure ratios enriches recirculated flue gas with oxygen from ambient air and uses this mixture for combustion of coal. The process promises economically efficient separation of the CO2 produced. The author describes the modelling, simulation and control of the flue gas cycle of the process. The simulations enable the investigation of a process which is not yet put into practice completely. Further, a control concept for the flue gas cycle is proposed, and first results are presented. (orig.)

The genus Cladosporium

Science.gov (United States)

Bensch, K.; Braun, U.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Crous, P.W.

2012-01-01

A monographic revision of the hyphomycete genus Cladosporium s. lat. (Cladosporiaceae, Capnodiales) is presented. It includes a detailed historic overview of Cladosporium and allied genera, with notes on their phylogeny, systematics and ecology. True species of Cladosporium s. str. (anamorphs of Davidiella), are characterised by having coronate conidiogenous loci and conidial hila, i.e., with a convex central dome surrounded by a raised periclinal rim. Recognised species are treated and illustrated with line drawings and photomicrographs (light as well as scanning electron microscopy). Species known from culture are described in vivo as well as in vitro on standardised media and under controlled conditions. Details on host range/substrates and the geographic distribution are given based on published accounts, and a re-examination of numerous herbarium specimens. Various keys are provided to support the identification of Cladosporium species in vivo and in vitro. Morphological datasets are supplemented by DNA barcodes (nuclear ribosomal RNA gene operon, including the internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2, the 5.8S nrDNA, as well as partial actin and translation elongation factor 1-α gene sequences) diagnostic for individual species. In total 993 names assigned to Cladosporium s. lat., including Heterosporium (854 in Cladosporium and 139 in Heterosporium), are treated, of which 169 are recognized in Cladosporium s. str. The other taxa are doubtful, insufficiently known or have been excluded from Cladosporium in its current circumscription and re-allocated to other genera by the authors of this monograph or previous authors. Taxonomic novelties: Cladosporium allicinum (Fr.: Fr.) Bensch, U. Braun & Crous, comb. nov., C. astroideum var. catalinense U. Braun, var. nov., Fusicladium tectonicola (Yong H. He & Z.Y. Zhang) U. Braun & Bensch, comb. nov., Septoidium uleanum (Henn.) U. Braun, comb. nov., Zasmidium adeniae (Hansf.) U. Braun, comb. nov., Zasmidium

Optimization and Characterization of High Velocity Oxy-fuel Sprayed Coatings: Techniques, Materials, and Applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Oksa

2011-09-01

Full Text Available In this work High Velocity Oxy-fuel (HVOF thermal spray techniques, spraying process optimization, and characterization of coatings are reviewed. Different variants of the technology are described and the main differences in spray conditions in terms of particle kinetics and thermal energy are rationalized. Methods and tools for controlling the spray process are presented as well as their use in optimizing the coating process. It will be shown how the differences from the starting powder to the final coating formation affect the coating microstructure and performance. Typical properties of HVOF sprayed coatings and coating performance is described. Also development of testing methods used for the evaluation of coating properties and current status of standardization is presented. Short discussion of typical applications is done.

Assessment of oxy-fuel, pre- and post-combustion-based carbon capture for future IGCC plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kunze, Christian; Spliethoff, Hartmut

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Hot gas cleanup is a highly favorable technology for all selected IGCC concepts. ► Proposed high pressure IGCC with membrane reactor enables direct CO 2 condensation. ► IGCC with OTM and carbonate looping enable significant synergy effects. ► Combining IGCC and oxy-fuel is technically challenging but energetically favorable. ► All selected IGCC concepts are able to realize CO 2 capture rates up to 99%. -- Abstract: Environmental damage due to the emission of greenhouse gases from conventional coal-based power plants is a growing concern. Various carbon capture strategies to minimize CO 2 emissions are currently being investigated. Unfortunately, the efficiency drop due to de-carbonization is still significant and the capture rate is limited. Therefore three future hard coal IGCC concepts are assessed here, applying emerging technologies and various carbon capture approaches. The advanced pre-combustion capture concept is based on hot gas clean-up, membrane-enhanced CO conversion and direct CO 2 condensation. The concept reached a net efficiency of 45.1% (LHV), representing an improvement of 6.46% compared to the conventional IGCC base case. The second IGCC concept, based on post-combustion capture via calcination–carbonation loops, hot gas clean-up and oxygen membranes, showed a net efficiency of 45.87% (LHV). The third IGCC concept applies hot gas clean-up and combustion of the unconverted fuel gas using pure oxygen. The oxygen is supplied by an integrated oxygen membrane. The combination of IGCC and oxy-fuel process reached a net efficiency of 45.74% (LHV). In addition to their increased efficiency, all of the concepts showed significantly improved carbon capture rates up to 99%, resulting in virtually carbon-free fossil power plants.

Investigations on oxy-fuel combustion in glass melting furnaces; Untersuchungen zur Oxy-Fuel-Feuerung in Glasschmelzwannen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leicher, Joerg; Giese, Anne [Gaswaerme-Institut e.V., Essen (Germany)

2011-12-15

Glass melting requires process temperatures of more than 1600 C which are usually achieved using intensive air preheating and near-stoichiometric combustion. This often leads to high nitrous oxide emissions (NO{sub x}). Oxy-fuel technology offers an interesting alternative since high combustion temperatures can be achieved using pure oxygen as oxidizer while obtaining low NO{sub x} emissions. In the course of the AiF research project ''O2-Glaswanne'' (IGF-Nr.: 15987 N), Gaswaerme- Institut e.V. Essen investigates this combustion process by experimental and numerical means in order to determine potential optimization approaches for glass melting furnaces.

Oral administration of a Spirulina extract enriched for Braun-type lipoproteins protects mice against influenza A(H1N1) virus infection

Science.gov (United States)

Previous studies indicate that Immulina, a commercial extract of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis, is a potent activator of innate immune cells and that Braun-type lipoproteins (a principal toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand) are the main active components within this product. In the present study, ...

Emissions of NO and CO from counterflow combustion of CH4 under MILD and oxyfuel conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheong, Kin-Pang; Li, Pengfei; Wang, Feifei; Mi, Jianchun

2017-01-01

This paper reports on the NO and CO emission characteristics of counterflow combustion of methane simulated under MILD or/and oxyfuel conditions. Simulations using CHEMKIN are conducted for various injection conditions of fuel and oxidizer. Note that the terms “oxyfuel”, “MILD-N 2 ” and “MILD-CO 2 ” combustion adopted hereafter represent the conventional oxy-combustion and those MILD combustions diluted by N 2 and CO 2 , respectively. It is observed that the NO emission of MILD-CO 2 combustion is ultra-low for all cases of investigation, even when increasing the combustion temperature up to 2000 K or adding more N 2 (up to 20%) to either the fuel stream (to simulate nitrogen-containing fuels like biomass) or the oxidizer stream (to simulate the air-ingress). A higher temperature allowed under MILD-CO 2 combustion suggests the improvement of energy efficiency for the MILD combustion technology. Moreover, the presence of steam in the oxidant reduces both NO and CO emissions of combustion for all cases. The relative importance analysis reveals that the N 2 O-intermediate mechanism for producing NO prevails in MILD-CO 2 combustion while the prompt and thermal mechanisms predominate MILD-N 2 and oxyfuel combustion, respectively. In addition, the sensitivity analysis identifies those main reactions that play important roles for the NO emission under these combustion conditions. - Highlights: • Assessing the NO and CO emissions from MILD combustion diluted by CO 2 . • Examining the possibility of higher combustion intensity in MILD-CO 2 combustion than in MILD-N 2 combustion. • Differentiating the contributions from each NO mechanism to the total NO emission. • Revealing major NO mechanisms under different combustion conditions. • Better understanding the NO formation mechanisms under MILD combustion.

Application of oxy-fuel CO2 capture for In-situ bitumen extraction from Canada's oil sands

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bohm, Mark; Goold, Scott; Laux, Stefan; Sharma, Apoorva; Aasen, Knut; Neu, Ben

2010-09-15

The CO2 Capture Project, along with Praxair, Devon Canada, Cenovus Energy and Statoil are executing a project to demonstrate oxy-fuel combustion as a practical and economic method for CO2 capture from once-through steam generators used in the in-situ production of bitumen in the Canadian Oil Sands. The goal of the project is to develop a reliable, lower cost solution for capturing CO2 that will eliminate up to 90% of the GHG emissions from in-situ operations. The participants will present results of Phase I of this project, and will also outline the future Phases to pilot this technology.

Oxygen permeation and thermo-chemical stability of oxygen separation membrane materials for the oxyfuel process

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ellett, Anna Judith

2009-07-01

The reduction of CO{sub 2} emissions, generally held to be one of the most significant contributors to global warming, is a major technological issue. CO{sub 2} Capture and Storage (CCS) techniques applied to large stationary sources such as coal-fired power plants could efficiently contribute to the global carbon mitigation effort. The oxyfuel process, which consists in the burning of coal in an oxygen-rich atmosphere to produce a flue gas highly concentrated in CO{sub 2}, is a technology considered for zero CO{sub 2} emission coal-fired power plants. The production of this O{sub 2}-rich combustion gas from air can be carried out using high purity oxygen separation membranes. Some of the most promising materials for this application are mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) materials with perovskite and K{sub 2}NiF{sub 4} perovskite-related structures. The present work examines the selection of La{sub 0.58}Sr{sub 0.4}Co{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 0.8}O{sub 3-{delta}} (LSCF58), La{sub 2}NiO{sub 4+{delta}}, Pr{sub 0.58}Sr{sub 0.4}Co{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 0.8}O{sub 3-{delta}} (PSCF58) and Ba{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Co{sub 0.8}Fe{sub 0.2}O{sub 3-{delta}} (BSCF50) as membrane materials for the separation of O{sub 2} and N{sub 2} in the framework of the oxyfuel process with flue gas recycling. Annealing experiments were carried out on pellets exposed to CO{sub 2}, water vapour, O{sub 2} and Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} in order to determine the thermo-chemical resistance to the atmospheres and the high temperature conditions present during membrane operation in a coal-fired power plant. The degradation of their microstructure was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in combination with electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) as well as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Also, the oxygen permeation fluxes of selected membranes were investigated as a function of temperature. The membrane materials selected were characterised using thermo-analytical techniques such as precision thermogravimetric

Die Erforschung kollektiver und individueller Dynamik – Zu einer historisch und prozess-soziologisch orientierten interpretativen Sozialforschung

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriele Rosenthal

2016-04-01

Full Text Available In diesem Beitrag konzentriere ich mich auf die Vorteile einer konsequent durchgeführten interpretativen oder rekonstruktiven Sozialforschung gegenüber anderen qualitativen Verfahren und verdeutliche, inwiefern wir diese Vorteile noch konsequenter verfolgen können als bisher. Dabei stellen sich die folgenden Fragen: Was können wir mit wenigen, aber aufwendigen Fallrekonstruktionen mit dem Ziel einer "theoretischen Verallgemeinerung" am Einzelfall im Unterschied zu qualitativen Verfahren mit umfangreichen Stichproben leisten, die eher eine numerische oder quantitative Verallgemeinerung zum Ziel haben? Inwiefern kommen wir damit überhaupt zu "allgemeinen" Aussagen über die soziale (kollektive und individuelle Wirklichkeit, über eine bestimmte Gruppierung, Organisation oder Ortsgemeinde, einen kollektiver Konflikt, ein bestimmtes Milieu oder soziales Netzwerk? Bei der Behandlung dieser Fragen geht es mir vor allem um ein Plädoyer für eine methodisch stärker historisch und prozess-soziologisch orientierte interpretative Sozialforschung. M.E. liegen in einer konsequenten Rekonstruktion der Verläufe und Wandlungsprozesse von einzelnen "Fällen" und ihrer Verflechtungen mit anderen "Fällen" die Chancen für eine wirklich empirisch geerdete Theorieentwicklung. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1602139

In vitro performance of ceramic coatings obtained by high velocity oxy-fuel spray.

Science.gov (United States)

Melero, H; Garcia-Giralt, N; Fernández, J; Díez-Pérez, A; Guilemany, J M

2014-01-01

Hydroxyapatite coatings obtained by plasma-spraying have been used for many years to improve biological performance of bone implants, but several studies have drawn attention to the problems arising from high temperatures and the lack of mechanical properties. In this study, plasma-spraying is substituted by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray, with lower temperatures reached, and TiO2 is added in low amounts to hydroxyapatite in order to improve the mechanical properties. Four conditions have been tested to evaluate which are those with better biological properties. Viability and proliferation tests, as well as differentiation assays and morphology observation, are performed with human osteoblast cultures onto the studied coatings. The hydroxyapatite-TiO2 coatings maintain good cell viability and proliferation, especially the cases with higher amorphous phase amount and specific surface, and promote excellent differentiation, with a higher ALP amount for these cases than for polystyrene controls. Observation by SEM corroborates this excellent behaviour. In conclusion, these coatings are a good alternative to those used industrially, and an interesting issue would be improving biological behaviour of the worst cases, which in turn show the better mechanical properties.

Response functions of the Andersson-Braun and extended range rem counters for neutron energies from thermal to 10 GeV

CERN Document Server

Mares, V; Schraube, H

2002-01-01

This work is devoted to the calculation of responses as functions of neutron energy for a paired set of Andersson-Braun rem counters, which is commercially available. Different Monte Carlo codes such as MCNP, LAHET, HADRON and MCNPX were applied in the calculations. The study extended to frontal, lateral and isotropic neutron incidence. For an estimation of the contribution of charged high-energy particles to the reading, the responses to protons and pions were also determined. The results obtained give good bases for the practical use of the new instrument in high-energy neutron fields.

Comparative characteristic and erosion behavior of NiCr coatings deposited by various high-velocity oxyfuel spray processes

Science.gov (United States)

Sidhu, Hazoor Singh; Sidhu, Buta Singh; Prakash, S.

2006-12-01

The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the mechanical properties and microstructure details at the interface of high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF)-sprayed NiCr-coated boiler tube steels, namely ASTM-SA-210 grade A1, ASTM-SA213-T-11, and ASTM-SA213-T-22. Coatings were developed by two different techniques, and in these techniques liquefied petroleum gas was used as the fuel gas. First, the coatings were characterized by metallographic, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, x-ray diffraction, surface roughness, and microhardness, and then were subjected to erosion testing. An attempt has been made to describe the transformations taking place during thermal spraying. It is concluded that the HVOF wire spraying process offers a technically viable and cost-effective alternative to HVOF powder spraying process for applications in an energy generation power plant with a point view of life enhancement and to minimize the tube failures because it gives a coating having better resistance to erosion.

Speciation, behaviour, and fate of mercury under oxy-fuel combustion conditions.

Science.gov (United States)

Córdoba, Patricia; Maroto-Valer, M; Delgado, Miguel Angel; Diego, Ruth; Font, Oriol; Querol, Xavier

2016-02-01

The work presented here reports the first study in which the speciation, behaviour and fate of mercury (Hg) have been evaluated under oxy-fuel combustion at the largest oxy-Pulverised Coal Combustion (oxy-PCC) demonstration plant to date during routine operating conditions and partial exhaust flue gas re-circulation to the boiler. The effect of the CO2-rich flue gas re-circulation on Hg has also been evaluated. Results reveal that oxy-PCC operational conditions play a significant role on Hg partitioning and fate because of the continuous CO2-rich flue gas re-circulations to the boiler. Mercury escapes from the cyclone in a gaseous form as Hg(2+) (68%) and it is the prevalent form in the CO2-rich exhaust flue gas (99%) with lower proportions of Hg(0) (1.3%). The overall retention rate for gaseous Hg is around 12%; Hg(0) is more prone to be retained (95%) while Hg(2+) shows a negative efficiency capture for the whole installation. The negative Hg(2+) capture efficiencies are due to the continuous CO2-rich exhaust flue gas recirculation to the boiler with enhanced Hg contents. Calculations revealed that 44mg of Hg were re-circulated to the boiler as a result of 2183 re-circulations of CO2-rich flue gas. Especial attention must be paid to the role of the CO2-rich exhaust flue gas re-circulation to the boiler on the Hg enrichment in Fly Ashes (FAs). Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Coal pyrolysis and char burnout under conventional and oxy-fuel conditions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Al-Makhadmeh, L.; Maier, J.; Scheffknecht, G. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Institut fuer Verfahrenstechnik und Dampfkesselwesen

2009-07-01

Coal utilization processes such as combustion or gasification generally involve several steps i.e., the devolatilization of organic materials, homogeneous reactions of volatile matter with the reactant gases, and heterogeneous reactions of the solid (char) with the reactant gases. Most of the reported work about coal pyrolysis and char burnout were performed at low temperatures under environmental conditions related to the air firing process with single particle tests. In this work, coal combustion under oxy-fuel conditions is investigated by studying coal pyrolysis and char combustion separately in practical scales, with the emphasis on improving the understanding of the effect of a CO{sub 2}-rich gas environment on coal pyrolysis and char burnout. Two coals, Klein Kopje a medium volatile bituminous coal and a low-rank coal, Lausitz coal were used. Coal pyrolysis in CO{sub 2} and N{sub 2} environments were performed for both coals at different temperatures in an entrained flow reactor. Overall mass release, pyrolysis gas concentrations, and char characterization were performed. For char characterization ultimate analysis, particle size, and BET surface area were measured. Chars for both coals were collected at 1150 C in both CO{sub 2} and N{sub 2} environments. Char combustion was performed in a once-through 20 kW test facility in O{sub 2}/CO{sub 2} and O{sub 2}/N{sub 2} atmospheres. Besides coal quality, oxygen partial pressure was chosen as a variable to study the effect of the gas environment on char burnout. In general, it is found that the CO{sub 2} environment and coal rank have a significant effect on coal pyrolysis and char burnout. (orig.)

Vom Sondersammelgebiet zum Fachinformationsdienst für die Wissenschaft. Strategien, Prozesse, Verfahren – ein persönlicher Erfahrungsbericht

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivo Vogel

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Der folgende Artikel stellt den gesamten Prozess dar, den das Sondersammelgebiet Recht der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz als Antragsteller eines von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Fachinformationsdienstes für die Rechtswissenschaft durchlaufen ist. Beschrieben werden insbesondere die Darstellung der Ausgangslage für die Antragstellung, die Integration in das hausinterne Projektmanagement, die Maßnahmen und Strategien für die Ermittlung der Inhalte des Antrages sowie – einschließlich zeitlicher und inhaltlicher Aspekte − die Antragseinreichung, das Begutachtungsverfahren, das Antragskolloquium in Bonn und die abschließende Entscheidung durch die Gremien der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft. The following article presents the complete process which the Law Special Subject Collection of the Berlin State Library - Prussian Cultural Heritage has passed through as an applicant of the program Scientific Information Services funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The article describes the starting position by the application process, the integration of these endeavors into the in-house project management, preparations and strategies for determining the content of the application as well as – including the temporal and substantive aspects of the submission − the review process, the Application Colloquium in Bonn and the final decision by the statutory bodies of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.

Paragonimus y paragonimiasis en el norte peruano. Infección natural de Pseudothelphusa chilensis por metacercarias de Paragonimus Braun, 1899

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César Cuba

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Se ha estudiado el índice de infección natural y la intensidad del parasitismo en cangrejos recolectados en tres provincias del Departamento de Cajamarca, Perú, habiéndose encontrado metacercarias de Paragonimus Braun, 1899 en el 43.97% de 539 especímenes de Pseudothelphusa chilensis Milne Edwards, 1843, único cangrejo hallado en la zona. El órgano parasitado fue casi exclusivamente el hepatopancreas, siendo 10.33 el número promedio de metacercarias por cangrejo. Las formas adultos logradas mediante inoculación de las metacercarias, fueron identificadas como Paragonimus peruvianus Miyazaki, Ibáñez y Miranda, 1969, con excepción de tres ejemplares que correspondieron a lo especie Paragonimus caliensis Little, 1968.

Comparison of char structural characteristics and reactivity during conventional air and oxy-fuel combustion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Xiaowei; Xu, Minghou; Yao, Hong; Gu, Ying; Si, Junping; Xiong, Chao [Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology, Wuhan (China). State Key Lab. of Coal Combustion

2013-07-01

The capture and sequestration of CO{sub 2} generated from large- scale stationary power plants is considered to be one of the leading technologies that could potentially have a significant impact on reducing greenhouse emissions. Among these emerging technologies, the oxy-fuel combustion is a near-zero emission technology that can be adapted to both new and existing pulverized coal-fired power stations. The goal of this work is to make a comparative study on char structural characteristics (including char yield, swelling ratio, BET surface area, pore distribution, morphology) and reactivity during conventional air and oxy-fuel combustion. Specific experimental designs include two series. One is carried out in pure N{sub 2} and CO{sub 2} (pyrolysis experiments), and another is prepared in N{sub 2} + 5%O{sub 2} and CO{sub 2} + 5%O{sub 2}. Coal samples included raw coal, low density fraction coal and medium density fraction coal in all experiments. The present study is a further effort to extend our knowledge about physical and chemical structural characteristics and reactivity of char in the presence of high concentration CO{sub 2}. Combustion and pyrolysis of a density fractionated China coal at drop tube furnace yielded the following conclusions. Compared to oxy-chars obtained under pure CO{sub 2} atmosphere, the swelling ratios of char obtained in pure N{sub 2} atmosphere are higher. When adding 5%O{sub 2}, experimental results are completely different with those of the pyrolysis experiment. In comparison with the oxy-chars obtained under CO{sub 2} + 5%O{sub 2} atmosphere, the swelling ratios of the char obtained in N{sub 2} + 5%O{sub 2} atmosphere are lower. In the pyrolysis experiment, the BET surfaces Area of the oxy-chars are about 10-20 times as much as chars. When adding 5%O{sub 2}, the BET surfaces Area of the oxy-chars are about two to four times as much as chars. During pyrolysis experiment, the total pore volumes of the oxy-chars obtained under pure CO

Hydraulic and physicochemical processes in direct gas injection; Hydraulische und physiko-chemische Prozesse bei der Direktgasinjektion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geistlinger, H.; Lazik, D.; Beckmann, A.; Krauss, G. [UFZ-Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle GmbH, Dept. Hydrogeologie, Lepzig (Germany)

2004-07-01

The direct injection of gases into the subsoil is a promising and cost-effective technology for the remediation of groundwater aquifers. In view of the fact that oxygen is the commonest limiting factor in numerous types of contamination and a large number of organic groundwater pollutants are aerobically degradable this technology is suitable as a relatively broad-band, i.e. relatively nonselective remediation method for the treatment of complex pollutant mixtures consisting of aliphatics and aromatics such as are found in many cases of groundwater contamination at former sites of the chemical industry in Saxony Anhalt. The goal of the present research project was to gain an understanding, at a bench-scale, of the more important processes that determine the efficiency of direct gas injection in porous media (groundwater aquifers), to validate process models and develop prognostic models for existing sites. [German] Das Einbringen von reaktiven Gasen in den Untergrund mittels Direktgasinjektion stellt eine vielversprechende und kostenguenstige in-situ Technologie zur Sanierung kontaminierter Grundwasserleiter dar. Da Sauerstoff der am haeufigsten limitierende Faktor fuer eine Vielzahl von Schadensfaellen ist und eine Vielzahl von organischen Schadstoffen im Grundwasser aerob abbaubar ist, kann dieser Verfahrensansatz als eine ''breitbandige'', d.h. relativ unselektive Sanierungsmassnahme fuer komplexe Schadstoffgemische aus Aliphaten und Aromaten, wie sie bei vielen Grundwasser-Schadensfaellen ehemaliger Chemiestandorte des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt anzutreffen sind, angewendet werden. Ziel des Forschungsprojektes war es, wichtige Prozesse, die die Effizienz von Direktgasinjektionen in poroese Medien (Grundwasserleiter) bestimmen, im Bench-Scale zu verstehen, Prozessmodelle zu validieren und Prognosemodelle fuer reale Standorte zu entwickeln. (orig.)

Impurity impacts on the purification process in oxy-fuel combustion based CO2 capture and storage system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, H.; Yan, J.; Yan, J.; Anheden, M.

2009-01-01

Based on the requirements of CO 2 transportation and storage, non-condensable gases, such as O 2 , N 2 and Ar should be removed from the CO 2 -stream captured from an oxy-fuel combustion process. For a purification process, impurities have great impacts on the design, operation and optimization through their impacts on the thermodynamic properties of CO 2 -streams. Study results show that the increments of impurities will make the energy consumption of purification increase; and make CO 2 purity of separation product and CO 2 recovery rate decrease. In addition, under the same operating conditions, energy consumptions have different sensitivities to the variation of the impurity mole fraction of feed fluids. The isothermal compression work is more sensitive to the variation of SO 2 ; while the isentropic compression work is more sensitive to the variation of Ar. In the flash system, the energy consumption of condensation in is more sensitive to the variation of Ar; but in the distillation system, the energy consumption of condensation is more sensitive to the variation of SO 2 , and CO 2 purity of separation is more sensitive to the variation of SO 2 . (author)

Study of the driving processes of frontal precipitation. Final report; Untersuchung der steuernden Prozesse bei der Niederschlagsbildung an Fronten. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gross, P.; Kraus, H.

1998-04-01

The mesoscale dynamic processes, which contribute to the formation of precipitation in the vicinity of fronts, are investigated using dynamically initialized fields of the EM. Cross-sections perpendicular to 12 fronts elucidate, that the ageostrophic cross-frontal circulation is the dominant dynamical feature of a front. Precipitation develops in the upward branch of this secondary circulation closely related to the humidity budget including three-dimensional advection and source terms. The dynamical mechanisms (deformation- and shear-forcing), which dominate the development of both ageostrophic cross-frontal circulation and precipitation, are of very different type. Primitive models of fronts, like the polar front theory, don`t come up with this variability of the atmospheric forcing. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die mesoskaligen dynamischen Prozesse, die in der Umgebung von Fronten zur Bildung von Niederschlag fuehren, werden mit Hilfe von dynamisch initialisierten Feldern des EM untersucht. In Querschnitten senkrecht zu insgesamt 12 Fronten kristallisiert sich die ageostrophische Querzirkulation als bedeutendstes dynamisches Element einer Front heraus. Im aufsteigenden Ast dieser Sekundaerzirkulation entsteht, in engem Zusammenhang mit dem Haushalt der spezifischen Feuchte mit seinen besonders wichtigen Advektions- und Quelltermen, Niederschlag. Die dynamische Mechanismen (Deformations- und Scherungsforcing), die zur Ausbildung der Querzirkulation fuehren, sind in hohem Masse variabel. Dieser Mannigfaltigkeit des atmosphaerischen Antriebes werden einfache Frontmodelle, wie z.B. die Polarfronttheorie, nicht gerecht. (orig.)

Experimental investigation of the oxy-fuel combustion of hard coal in a circulating fluidized-bed combustion; Experimentelle Untersuchung der Oxy-Fuel-Verbrennung von Steinkohle in einer zirkulierenden Wirbelschichtfeuerung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hofbauer, Gerrit Arne

2017-03-16

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992 first illustrated the social, economic and politic focus being placed on combating climate change caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gases. From there onwards research and development efforts have particularly centred on the reduction of CO{sub 2} emissions in the production of electrical power through the use of carbonaceous fossil fuels. The long-term goal is a conversion to sustainable and CO{sub 2} free means of producing power, utilizing in the main part renewable forms of energy such as solar, wind and hydro power. Currently, such renewable ways of creating electricity only represent a small percentage of global energy production. The technological and economic hurdles that are associated with a substantial increase of renewable energy production have greatly slowed their increased implementation. However, the goal of keeping the atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentration below 450 ppm requires a significantly faster reduction in the amount of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, considerations are being given to bridge technologies which would be able to capture and store the CO{sub 2} emissions from fossil fired power plants. These technologies are referred to as CCS (carbon capture and storage). Oxy-fuel combustion, combustion with pure oxygen instead of air, is one of those technologies and forms the focus of investigation of this work. The Institute of Combustion and Power Plant Technology in Stuttgart, Germany, have researched this matter, carrying out combustion experiments in its 150 kW{sub th} circulating fluidized bed pilot facility. The experiments were aimed at investigating the influence of excess oxygen, combustion temperature and inlet oxygen concentration on the combustion process and comparing air to oxy-fuel combustion. These results were compared to the results of fundamental investigations and combustion experiments carried out by other research groups. The relationship

Reduction of emission when applying thermal separation processes in the dismantling of nuclear facilities - oxy-fuel gas and plasma arc cutting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stoiber, H.; Hammer, G.; Schultz, H.

1995-01-01

Plasma arc cutting and laser beam cutting was used for the studies with the goal of significantly reducing material emission by changing the operating and equipment parameters. Some separations using the oxy-fuel gas cutting process served the purpose of providing a guide for determining which factors can most effectively reduce emission. The separation experiments were carried out with specimens of R-St 37-2, 10 mm thick, as well as of X 6 CrNi 18 10 steel 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm thick. In all cases, lowering speed and the amount of gas proved at first to be effective measures to check material emission. It was also possible to achieve adherence of molten mass and slag on the flank of the joint with excessive icicling. When the plasma separates the CrNi steel, it is possible to increase emission reduction additionally by using an argon/hydrogen mixture instead of nitrogen as a cutting gas. (orig./DG) [de

Biodiesel production from Cynara cardunculus L. and Brassica carinata A. Braun seeds and their suitability as fuels in compression ignition engines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefania De Domenico

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The development of energy crops can provide environmental benefits and may represent an opportunity to improve agriculture in areas considered at low productivity. In this work, we studied the energy potential of two species (Brassica carinata A. Braun and Cynara cardunculus L. and their seed oil productivity under different growth conditions. Furthermore, the biodiesel from the oil extracted from the seeds of these species was produced and analysed in term of utilisation as fuels in compression ignition engines. In particular, the spray penetration and shape ratio were measured in a constant-volume chamber and compared with the results obtained with a standard diesel fuel. These results were obtained using a standard common rail injection system at different injection pressure, injection duration, and constant-volume chamber pressure.

Modeling of liquid ceramic precursor droplets in a high velocity oxy-fuel flame jet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Basu, Saptarshi; Cetegen, Baki M.

2008-01-01

Production of coatings by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) flame jet processing of liquid precursor droplets can be an attractive alternative method to plasma processing. This article concerns modeling of the thermophysical processes in liquid ceramic precursor droplets injected into an HVOF flame jet. The model consists of several sub-models that include aerodynamic droplet break-up, heat and mass transfer within individual droplets exposed to the HVOF environment and precipitation of ceramic precursors. A parametric study is presented for the initial droplet size, concentration of the dissolved salts and the external temperature and velocity field of the HVOF jet to explore processing conditions and injection parameters that lead to different precipitate morphologies. It is found that the high velocity of the jet induces shear break-up into several μm diameter droplets. This leads to better entrainment and rapid heat-up in the HVOF jet. Upon processing, small droplets (<5 μm) are predicted to undergo volumetric precipitation and form solid particles prior to impact at the deposit location. Droplets larger than 5 μm are predicted to form hollow or precursor containing shells similar to those processed in a DC arc plasma. However, it is found that the lower temperature of the HVOF jet compared to plasma results in slower vaporization and solute mass diffusion time inside the droplet, leading to comparatively thicker shells. These shell-type morphologies may further experience internal pressurization, resulting in possibly shattering and secondary atomization of the trapped liquid. The consequences of these different particle states on the coating microstructure are also discussed in this article

Christina von Braun, Dorothea Dornhof, Eva Johach (Hg.: Das Unbewusste. Krisis und Kapital der Wissenschaften. Studien zum Verhältnis von Wissen und Geschlecht. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag 2009.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zara Simone Pfeiffer

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Wissenschaft, die den Anspruch hat selbstreflexiv zu sein, sollte ihre unbewussten Anteile nicht ausblenden – das wird in den Beiträgen des von Christina von Braun, Dorothea Dornhof und Eva Johach herausgegebenen Sammelbandes auf überzeugende Weise gezeigt. Dabei geht es nicht primär um das Unbewusste als Objekt der Wissenschaften, sondern vielmehr um die Rolle des Unbewussten als Subjekt der Wissensordnung und Wissensproduktion, als „Krisis und Kapital“ der Wissenschaften, gleichermaßen als Sand und Öl imWissensgetriebe. Anstelle eines systematischen Überblicks liefert der interdisziplinär angelegte Band eine Vielzahl kluger, manchmal überraschender und durchgehend lesenswerter Perspektiven auf das visuelle und politische Unbewusste, seine Wissensgeschichte und seinen Ort in der Wissensordnung.Science, which purports to be self-reflexive, should not ignore its unconscious element – this is convincingly proven in the collected volume edited by Christina von Braun, Dorothea Dornhof, and Eva Johach. The focus is not merely on the unconscious as an object of the sciences, but on the role of the unconscious as a subject of knowledge organization and knowledge production, as “crisis and capital” of the sciences, indeed simultaneously functioning as sand and oil in the transmission of knowledge. In place of a systematic overview, the interdisciplinary volume offers a number of clever, sometimes surprising, and always well-worth reading perspectives on the visual and political unconscious, its history of knowledge, and its place in the order of knowledge.

Research and development of methods and technologies for CO2 capture in fossil fuel power plants and storage in geological formations in the Czech Republic. Stage 5.4: Boiler with oxyfuel technology. Revision 0

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dlouhy, Tomas

2011-12-01

This phase comprised a preliminary study of boiler design modification for the oxyfuel technology. The design was developed specifically for the Prunerov II power plant. It was defined as a reference boiler for combustion using air which was consequently modified for combustion with oxygen. Changes in the construction of boiler were designed and quantified using thermal conversion, which provided the necessary modification of the sizes of the fireplace and heating surfaces. An existing general mathematical model, modified for this specific task, was used for the thermal conversion calculations

Advanced diagnostics in oxy-fuel combustion processes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brix, J.; Clausen, Soennik; Degn Jensen, A. (Technical Univ. of Denmark. CHEC Research Centre, Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark)); Boeg Toftegaard, M. (DONG Energy Power, Hvidovre (Denmark))

2012-07-01

This report sums up the findings in PSO-project 010069, ''Advanced Diagnostics in Oxy-Fuel Combustion Processes''. Three areas of optic diagnostics are covered in this work: - FTIR measurements in a 30 kW swirl burner. - IR measurements in a 30 kW swirl burner. - IR measurements in a laboratory scale fixed bed reactor. The results obtained in the swirl burner have proved the FTIR method as a valuable technique for gas phase temperature measurements. When its efficacy is evaluated against traditional thermocouple measurements, two cases, with and without probe beam stop, must however be treated separately. When the FTIR probe is operated with the purpose of gas phase concentration measurements the probe needs to operate with a beam stop mounted in front of it. With this beam stop in place it was shown that the measured gas phase temperature was affected by cooling, induced by the cooled beam stop. Hence, for a more accurate determination of gas phase temperatures the probe needed to operate without the beam stop. When this was the case, the FTIR probe showed superior to traditional temperature measurements using a thermocouple as it could measure the fast temperature fluctuations. With the beam stop in place the efficacy of the FTIR probe for gas temperature determination was comparable to the use of a traditional thermocouple. The evaluation of the FTIR technique regarding estimation of gas phase concentrations of H{sub 2}O, CO{sub 2} and CO showed that the method is reliable though it cannot be stated as particularly accurate. The accuracy of the method is dependent on the similarity of the reference emission spectra of the gases with those obtained in the experiments, as the transmittance intensity is not a linear function of concentration. The length of the optical path also affects the steadiness of the measurements. The length of the optical path is difficult to adjust on the small scales that are the focus of this work. However

Performance and stability of (ZrO2)0.89(Y2O3)0.01(Sc2O3)0.10-LaCr0.85Cu0.10Ni0.05O3-δ oxygen transport membranes under conditions relevant for oxy-fuel combustion

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pirou, Stéven; Bermudez, Jose M.; Tak Na, Beom

2018-01-01

Self-standing, planar dual-phase oxygen transport membranes consisting of 70 vol.% (ZrO2)0.89(Y2O3)0.01(Sc2O3)0.10 (10Sc1YSZ) and 30 vol.% LaCr0.85Cu0.10Ni0.05O3-δ (LCCN) were successfully developed and tested. The stability of the composite membrane was studied in simulated oxy-fuel power plant...

Der Einfluss der Digitalisierung auf die Organisation eines Unternehmens

Science.gov (United States)

Walter, Wolfram M.

Die Digitalisierung schreitet mit großen Schritten voran. Dies wirkt sich nicht nur auf die Gesellschaft im Grundsatz, sondern auch auf das Verhalten der Kunden aus. Neue Kommunikationswege beschleunigen die Interaktion zwischen Unternehmen und Verbraucher. Im Vergleich mit großen Internetfirmen werden etablierte Dienstleistungsunternehmen - vom Energieversorger bis zu Versicherungen - stark unter Druck gesetzt, sich noch intensiver mit dem Kundenservice auseinanderzusetzen. Dies wird nur möglich sein, wenn sich die Organisationen entsprechend positionieren und sich frühzeitig auf die Veränderungen einstellen. Hieraus ergeben sich mehr Chancen als Risiken, zumal es nicht nur neue Prozesse, sondern auch neue Berufsbilder geben wird.

Floral and Seed Variability Patterns among Ethiopian Mustard (B. carinata A. Braun of East Africa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adeniji, OT.

2012-01-01

Full Text Available In East Africa, Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun is cultivated primarily for its leaves, but in Ethiopia preference is high for oil in the seed. Dual purpose importance of the seeds for planting and for oil suggests the need to improve seed production efficiency through understanding variation pattern for floral morphology and seed characters. We investigated genetic diversity and correlations for floral and seed characteristics among 14 accessions of Ethiopian mustard to improve seed set and yield. Field trials were conducted during 2008 and 2009; flowers were examined for short stamen height, long stamen height, pistil height, and silliqua for seed weight, seeds/silliqua and silliqua/plant. Results were largely consistent between years, indicating that the variation measured was mainly controlled by genetic factors. High genetic variation for seed characters and reproductive phenology among the accessions was noted. The number of days to appearance of flowers showed high discriminatory ability among the accessions. A wide continuous variation was observed among accessions for anther-stigma separation. Accessions 1, 3 and 14 were identified as early flowering. A significant and positive correlation coefficient between short stamen height and seed weight indicated a substantial complementation among these characters for seed yield improvement. The short stamen height is a good indicator for selection in favour of seed commercialization and indices for selection of pollen parent for seed yield improvement. Accessions 5, 7, 14, 16 and 22 are best for multiple characters and are recommended for seed production for any of the seasons in Arusha, Tanzania.

Elucidating the mechanism of Cr(VI) formation upon the interaction with metal oxides during coal oxy-fuel combustion.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Juan; Jiao, Facun; Zhang, Lian; Yao, Hong; Ninomiya, Yoshihiko

2013-10-15

The thermodynamics underpinning the interaction of Cr-bearing species with basic metal oxides, i.e. K2O, Fe2O3, MgO and CaO, during the air and oxy-fuel combustion of coal have been examined. The synchrotron-based X-ray adsorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was used for Cr speciation. For the oxides tested, Cr(VI) formation is dominated by the reduction potential of the metals. The oxides of Ca(2+) with high reduction potential favored the oxidation of Cr(III), same for K(+). The other two basic metals, Fe2O3 and MgO with lower reduction potentials reacted with Cr(III) to form the corresponding chromites at the temperatures above 600°C. Coal combustion experiments in drop-tube furnace have confirmed the rapid capture of Cr vapors, either trivalent or hexavalent, by CaO into solid ash. The existence of HCl in flue gas favored the vaporization of Cr as CrO2Cl2, which was in turn captured by CaO into chromate. Both Fe2O3 and MgO exhibited less capability on scavenging the Cr(VI) vapor. Particularly, MgO alone exhibited a low capability for capturing the vaporized Cr(III) vapors. However, its co-existence with CaO in the furnace inhibited the Cr(VI) formation. This is beneficial for minimizing the toxicity of Cr in the coal combustion-derived fly ash. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Agronomic performance for biodiesel production potential of Brassica carinata A. Braun in Mediterranean marginal areas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francesco Montemurro

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Brassicaceae are promising oil feedstock for cultivation in centralsouthern Italy. Therefore, a two-year investigation on Brassica carinata A. Braun (cv. CT 204 was carried out in three sites of Apulia region [Site 1, Alberobello - Murgia foreland; Site 2, Troia (Foggia - Daunian sub-Apennines; Site 3, Monteroni (Lecce - Area of Salento], and in one site of Basilicata region (Site 4, Hill of Matera. The aim was to identify site-specific management practices [by comparing minimum vs conventional tillage, low sowing density vs high sowing density; different levels of nitrogen (N supply and organic fertilisers] in the four different marginal areas, to achieve optimum yield performance for biodiesel prospective production. The crop showed a good adaptability in the study sites, and the highest N level positively influenced the yield performance in Sites 1, 2 and 3. Moreover, the reduction of mechanical operations (minimum tillage did not negatively influence crop production and seed oil content. The highest density of sowing tested determined the best crop performance in Site 3, particularly showing the maximum seed oil content with the lowest N supply. Finally, in Site 4 the compost mixed with mineral N fertiliser as well as the sewage sludge from urban wastewater determined productive results comparable to those obtained with mineral fertiliser, evidencing that organic fertilisers could (partially or completely substitute the mineral one for this crop in the study site. On the whole, seed yield and oil content showed a potential for biodiesel production of Brassica carinata cultivated with site-specific agronomic techniques in four different marginal areas of Southern Italy, suggesting it can be likely achieved the crop environmental adaptation.

Oxy combustion with CO{sub 2} capture

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2012-01-15

An update for oxyfuel-combustion carbon capture in the power industry is provided. The report was developed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) on behalf of the Global CCS Institute. In the oxyfuel-combustion processes, the bulk nitrogen is removed from the air before combustion. The resulting combustion products will have CO2 content up to about 90 per cent (dry basis). The flue gas impurities (predominantly O2, N2, and Ar) may be removed by reducing the flue gas (at moderate pressure) to a temperature at which the CO2 condenses and the impurities do not. Oxyfuel-combustion may be employed with solid fuels such as coal, petroleum coke, and biomass, as well as liquid and gaseous fuels. Some key points raised in the oxyfuel-combustion carbon capture report are: The oxyfuel-combustion/CO2 capture power plant designs being developed and deployed for service in the next four or five years are based on individual component technologies and arrangements which have demonstrated sufficient maturity, with the greatest remaining technical challenge being integrating the systems into a complete steam-electric power plant; By its nature, an oxyfuel-coal power plant is likely to be a 'near zero' emitter of all criteria pollutants; Existing air-fired power plants might be retrofitted with an air separation unit, oxyfuel-fired burners, flue gas recycle, and a CO2 processing unit, with the large fleet of air-fired power plants in service calling for more study of this option; and, Future efficiency improvements to the oxyfuel-combustion process for power generation point toward an oxyfuel-combustion plant with near zero emissions of conventional pollutants, up to 98 per cent CO2 capture, and efficiency comparable to the best power plants currently being built.

Comparison of in vitro behavior of as-sprayed, alkaline-treated and collagen-treated bioceramic coatings obtained by high velocity oxy-fuel spray

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Melero, H., E-mail: hortensia.melero.correas@gmail.com [Thermal Spray Centre, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028 Barcelona (Spain); Garcia-Giralt, N. [URFOA, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), RETICEF, Doctor Aiguader, 80, 08003 Barcelona (Spain); Fernández, J. [Thermal Spray Centre, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028 Barcelona (Spain); Díez-Pérez, A. [URFOA, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), RETICEF, Doctor Aiguader, 80, 08003 Barcelona (Spain); Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona (Spain); Guilemany, J.M. [Thermal Spray Centre, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028 Barcelona (Spain)

2014-07-01

Hydroxyapatite (HAp)–TiO{sub 2} samples obtained using high velocity oxy-fuel spray (HVOF), that had previously shown excellent mechanical behaviour, were innovatively surface treated in order to improve their biological performance. The chosen treatments were an alkaline treatment to increase –OH radicals density on the surface (especially on TiO{sub 2} zones), and a collagen treatment to bond collagen fibrils to the –OH radicals present in hydroxyapatite. These coatings were analysed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy, and tested for human osteoblast biocompatibility and functionality. In the case of the alkaline treatment, although the –OH radicals density did not increase compared to the as-sprayed coatings, a nanostructured layer of sodium hydroxycarbonate precipitated on the surface, thus improving biological behaviour due to the nanoroughness effect. For the collagen-treated samples, collagen fibrils appeared well-adhered to the surface, and in vitro cell culture tests showed that these surfaces were much more conducive to cell adhesion and differentiation than the as-sprayed and alkaline-treated samples. These results pointed to collagen treatment as a very promising method to improve bioactivity of HAp–TiO{sub 2} thermal-sprayed coatings.

76 FR 75942 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-05

... renewable two-year period. They are: Anthony Brandano (MA) William R. Braun (NM) Stanley E. Elliott (UT.... Mallory (OK) Eldon Miles (IN) Norman V. Myers (WA) Jack E. Potts, Jr. (PA) Neal A. Richard (LA) John E...

Search for the production of single top quarks using the OPAL detector

CERN Document Server

Leins, Axel; Dunnweber, W.

2002-01-01

Innerhalb des sogenannten Standardmodells (SM) der Teilchenphysik ist der Prozess der Flavour-andernden neutralen Str ¨ ome (FCNC) auf Born-Niveau verboten, und nur ¨ uber Prozesse h ¨ oherer Ordnung m ¨ oglich. FCNC-Prozesse sind daher extrem unter- ¨ druckt und sehr selten. Experimentell konnte dies f ¨ ur die ersten beiden Generationen ¨ von Quarks bestatigt werden. F ¨ ur die dritte Generation, speziell f ¨ ur das Top-Quark, ¨ existieren bisher nur wenige experimentelle Erkenntnisse uber FCNC-Prozesse. Durch ¨ theoretische Erweiterungen des SM konnen, aufgrund der extrem großen Masse des ¨ Top-Quarks und der damit verbundenen Sonderstellung, FCNC-Prozesse fur Top- ¨ Quarks vorhergesagt werden, die um mehrere Großenordnungen gegen ¨ uber dem SM ¨ erhoht sind. ¨ In dieser Arbeit wird nach der Produktion einzelner Top-Quarks uber ¨ Flavourandernde neutrale Str ¨ ome mit den Daten des OPAL-Detektors am e ¨ e -Speicherring LEP gesucht. Hierzu wird im hadronischen Zerfallskanal des W-Bosons...

The study of calcium sulfate decomposition by experiments under O{sub 2}/CO{sub 2} atmosphere

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Y. [HangZhou Dianzi Univ. (China). School of Science; Zhou, H.; Cen, K.F. [State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, HangZhou (China); Liu, Y.H.; Stanger, R.; Elliot, L.; Wall, T. [Newcastle Univ. (Australia). Chemical Engineering

2013-07-01

Sulphur emission and the effect on ash properties and boiler- tube corrosion in oxy-fuel combustion have received increasing attention in the recent years. Early investigation about calcium- based desulphurization in oxy-fuel, addressed the advantage to reduce the SO{sub 2} emission. This paper, the decomposition of calcium sulphate was characterized by thermogravimetric analyzer. The results showed that the decomposition inhibited by increasing O{sub 2} concentration and SO{sub 2} concentration resulted from recycled flue gas. And CO{sub 2} concentration had the negative effect, which can be solved by changing O{sub 2} concentration through appropriately adjusting recycled flue gas ratio. The kinetics mechanism of calcium sulfate-decomposition in oxy-fuel combustion was further analyzed. Compared with conventional atmosphere, the reaction activation energy was heightened in oxy-fuel conditions, and the difference increased with rising temperature. So it can further confirm the advantage of calcium utilization rate under high temperature in oxy-fuel condition.

Impact of oxy-fuel combustion gases on mercury retention in activated carbons from a macroalgae waste: effect of water.

Science.gov (United States)

Lopez-Anton, M A; Ferrera-Lorenzo, N; Fuente, E; Díaz-Somoano, M; Suarez-Ruíz, I; Martínez-Tarazona, M R; Ruiz, B

2015-04-01

The aim of this study is to understand the different sorption behaviors of mercury species on activated carbons in the oxy-fuel combustion of coal and the effect of high quantities of water vapor on the retention process. The work evaluates the interactions between the mercury species and a series of activated carbons prepared from a macroalgae waste (algae meal) from the agar-agar industry in oxy-combustion atmospheres, focussing on the role that the high concentration of water in the flue gases plays in mercury retention. Two novel aspects are considered in this work (i) the impact of oxy-combustion gases on the retention of mercury by activated carbons and (ii) the performance of activated carbons prepared from biomass algae wastes for this application. The results obtained at laboratory scale indicate that the effect of the chemical and textural characteristics of the activated carbons on mercury capture is not as important as that of reactive gases, such as the SOx and water vapor present in the flue gas. Mercury retention was found to be much lower in the oxy-combustion atmosphere than in the O2+N2 (12.6% O2) atmosphere. However, the oxidation of elemental mercury (Hg0) to form oxidized mercury (Hg2+) amounted to 60%, resulting in an enhancement of mercury retention in the flue gas desulfurization units and a reduction in the amalgamation of Hg0 in the CO2 compression unit. This result is of considerable importance for the development of technologies based on activated carbon sorbents for mercury control in oxy-combustion processes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Phylogenetic lineages in Pseudocercospora.

Science.gov (United States)

Crous, P W; Braun, U; Hunter, G C; Wingfield, M J; Verkley, G J M; Shin, H-D; Nakashima, C; Groenewald, J Z

2013-06-30

morphology, within the same geographic region, frequently differed phylogenetically, indicating that the application of European and American names to Asian taxa, and vice versa, was often not warranted. New genera - Pallidocercospora Crous, Phaeomycocentrospora Crous, H.D. Shin & U. Braun; New species - Cercospora eucommiae Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Microcyclospora quercina Crous & Verkley, Pseudocercospora ampelopsis Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Pseudocercospora cercidicola Crous, U. Braun & C. Nakash., Pseudocercospora crispans G.C. Hunter & Crous, Pseudocercospora crocea Crous, U. Braun, G.C. Hunter & H.D. Shin, Pseudocercospora haiweiensis Crous & X. Zhou, Pseudocercospora humulicola Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Pseudocercospora marginalis G.C. Hunter, Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Pseudocercospora ocimi-basilici Crous, M.E. Palm & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora plectranthi G.C. Hunter, Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Pseudocercospora proteae Crous, Pseudocercospora pseudostigmina-platani Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Pseudocercospora pyracanthigena Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Pseudocercospora ravenalicola G.C. Hunter & Crous, Pseudocercospora rhamnellae G.C. Hunter, H.D. Shin, U. Braun & Crous, Pseudocercospora rhododendri-indici Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Pseudocercospora tibouchinigena Crous & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora xanthocercidis Crous, U. Braun & A. Wood, Pseudocercosporella koreana Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin; New combinations - Pallidocercospora acaciigena (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & M.J. Wingf., Pallidocercospora crystallina (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & M.J. Wingf., Pallidocercospora heimii (Crous) Crous, Pallidocercospora heimioides (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & M.J. Wingf., Pallidocercospora holualoana (Crous, Joanne E. Taylor & M.E. Palm) Crous, Pallidocercospora konae (Crous, Joanne E. Taylor & M.E. Palm) Crous, Pallidoocercospora irregulariramosa (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & M.J. Wingf., Phaeomycocentrospora cantuariensis (E.S. Salmon & Wormald) Crous

BPM Column (Business Process Management Column) - No.5

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Reichert, M.U.; Rinderle, S.B.; Weber, B.

Inhaltliche Schwerpunkte dieser Kolumne bilden Arbeiten zu Fehlern in Prozessmodellen und zur Definition von Prozessänderungen. Prozess-Management-Technologie wird in der Praxis nur dann sinnvoll einsetzbar sein, wenn Prozessmodelle fehlerfrei spezifiziert und später auf hoher Abstraktionsebene

Comparative study of the oospore morphology of two populations of a rare species Chara baueri A. Braun in Cedynia (Poland and Batzlow (Germany

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrzej Pukacz

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Morphological features of oospores of Chara baueri A. Braun, one of the rarest charophyte species worldwide, were studied based on 100 oospores collected from a small and temporarily dried mid-field pond near Cedynia, Western Poland. This is the first Polish and fifth presently known locality of this species. For comparison 67 oospores from a German population (similar pond localized near Batzlow, Germany were also measured. So far, data on morphology of C. baueri oospores as well as the species ecology are limited. The only more detailed study of oospores for this species was earlier performed on 15 oospores from Kazakhstan. Largest polar axis (LPA, length, largest equatorial diameter (LED, width, isopolarity index (ISI = LPA/LED × 100, number of ridges, width of fossa, distance from apical pole to LED (AND and anisipolarity index (ANI = AND/LPA × 100 were measured. The comparative analysis revealed that the oospores from Poland are generally bigger and more prolate than the Ger­man ones. The differences for most of studied parameters were statistically significant. The finding is discussed in the context of habitat differentiation of both studied sites. Moreover, the results obtained of oospore measurements for both populations differs from most of the data known so far from the literature.

Information als Prozess

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diether Elstner

2010-10-01

Full Text Available A unified definition of the phenomenon information is not possible at present, because of the enormous number of different views. The situation is increased by the 'Capurro‘s trilemma' which postulates the logical impossibility of a unified concept of information. There are two approaches in the literature, which aim to solve the trilemma. The first approach avoids collision with the trilemma through the introduction of a generalized parameter to form rules of language for information systems. The second approach is understood as a draft of a generalized understanding of information within a yet to be developed unified information science. This article presents the approach of understanding information as an instantaneous process, which effects changes in systems. These changes must be captured and reproduced by the organization of the system, otherwise they get lost by fluctuations. Information in this reductionist conception is possible in each system, under the assumption, that it has several stable states, which alternatively may be assumed by the system . The 'Capurro‘s trilemma' is negated.

Zero Emissions Coal Syngas Oxygen Turbo Machinery

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dennis Horazak

2010-12-31

Siemens Energy, Inc. (formerly Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation) worked with Clean Energy Systems and Florida Turbine Technologies to demonstrate the commercial feasibility of advanced turbines for oxy-fuel based power systems that discharge negligible CO{sub 2} into the atmosphere. The approach builds upon ultra supercritical steam turbine and advanced gas turbine technology with the goal of attaining plant efficiencies above 50% in the 2015 timeframe. Conceptual designs were developed for baseline, near term, and long term oxy-fuel turbine cycles, representing commercial introductions of increasingly advanced thermal conditions and increasing exposure to steam-CO{sub 2} mixtures. An economic analysis and market demand study was performed by Science Applications International Corp. (SAIC), and indicated that long-term oxy-fuel turbine cycles start to look attractive in 2025 when the CO{sub 2} tax is assumed to reach $40/ ton, and by 2030 it has a clear advantage over both IGCC with sequestration and pulverized coal with sequestration. A separate risk analysis of the oxy-fuel combustor, HP turbine, re-heater, and IP turbine of the long-term cycle identified and categorized risks and proposed mitigation measures. In 2007 the program began to focus on a potential oxy-fuel turbine power generation demonstration project in the 2012 -13 time period while still maintaining a link to the requirements of the long-term oxy-syngas cycle. The SGT-900 turbine was identified as the best fit for modification into an intermediate pressure turbine (IPT) for this application. The base metals, bond coats, thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), and rotor materials used in the SGT-900 were tested for their ability to operate in the steam- CO{sub 2} environment of the oxy-fuel OFT-900. Test results indicated that these same materials would operate satisfactorily, and the plan, is to use SGT-900materials for the OFT-900. Follow-on programs for corrosion testing and evaluation of crack

Comparative Analyses of Transcriptional Profiles in Mouse Organs Using a Pneumonic Plague Model after Infection with Wild-Type Yersinia pestis CO92 and Its Braun Lipoprotein Mutant

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristi L. Galindo

2009-01-01

Full Text Available We employed Murine GeneChips to delineate the global transcriptional profiles of the livers, lungs, and spleens in a mouse pneumonic plague infection model with wild-type (WT Y. pestis CO92 and its Braun lipoprotein (Δlpp mutant with reduced virulence. These organs showed differential transcriptional responses to infection with WT Y. pestis, but the overall host functional processes affected were similar across all three tissues. Gene expression alterations were found in inflammation, cytokine signaling, and apoptotic cell death-associated genes. Comparison of WT and Δlpp mutant-infected mice indicated significant overlap in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS- associated gene expression, but the absence of Lpp perturbed host cell signaling at critical regulatory junctions resulting in altered immune response and possibly host cell apoptosis. We generated a putative signaling pathway including major inflammatory components that could account for the synergistic action of LPS and Lpp and provided the mechanistic basis of attenuation caused by deletion of the lpp gene from Y. pestis in a mouse model of pneumonic plague.

Microstructure and Wear Behavior of FeCoCrNiMo0.2 High Entropy Coatings Prepared by Air Plasma Spray and the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spray Processes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tianchen Li

2017-09-01

Full Text Available In the present research, the spherical FeCoCrNiMo0.2 high entropy alloy (HEA powders with a single FCC solid solution structure were prepared by gas atomization. Subsequently, the FeCoCrNiMo0.2 coatings with a different content of oxide inclusions were prepared by air plasma spraying (APS and high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying (HVOF, respectively. The microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties, and tribological behaviors of these HEA coatings were investigated. The results showed that both HEA coatings showed a typical lamellar structure with low porosity. Besides the primary FCC phase, a mixture of Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and AB2O4 (A = Fe, Co, Ni, and B = Fe, Cr was identified as the oxide inclusions. The oxide content of the APS coating and HVOF coating was calculated to be 47.0% and 12.7%, respectively. The wear resistance of the APS coating was approximately one order of magnitude higher than that of the HVOF coating. It was mainly attributed to the self-lubricated effect caused by the oxide films. The mass loss of the APS coating was mainly ascribed to the breakaway of the oxide film, while the main wear mechanism of the HVOF coating was the abrasive wear.

Comparative Global Gene Expression Profiles of Wild-Type Yersinia pestis CO92 and Its Braun Lipoprotein Mutant at Flea and Human Body Temperatures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristi L. Galindo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Braun/murein lipoprotein (Lpp is involved in inflammatory responses and septic shock. We previously characterized a Δlpp mutant of Yersinia pestis CO92 and found that this mutant was defective in surviving in macrophages and was attenuated in a mouse inhalation model of plague when compared to the highly virulent wild-type (WT bacterium. We performed global transcriptional profiling of WT Y. pestis and its Δlpp mutant using microarrays. The organisms were cultured at 26 and 37 degrees Celsius to simulate the flea vector and mammalian host environments, respectively. Our data revealed vastly different effects of lpp mutation on the transcriptomes of Y. pestis grown at 37 versus 26C. While the absence of Lpp resulted mainly in the downregulation of metabolic genes at 26C, the Y. pestis Δlpp mutant cultured at 37C exhibited profound alterations in stress response and virulence genes, compared to WT bacteria. We investigated one of the stress-related genes (htrA downregulated in the Δlpp mutant relative to WT Y. pestis. Indeed, complementation of the Δlpp mutant with the htrA gene restored intracellular survival of the Y. pestis Δlpp mutant. Our results support a role for Lpp in Y. pestis adaptation to the host environment, possibly via transcriptional activation of htrA.

77 FR 71673 - Decision To Rescind Buy America Waiver for Minivans and Minivan Chassis

Science.gov (United States)

2012-12-03

... the next. For example, under NHTSA's Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards, most ``minivans... our goal of subjecting all minivans to the CAFE standard for light trucks, the provision adopted today...-passenger vehicle, or truck, CAFE standards. Braun further stated that: A careful examination of the MV-1...

Digenean parasites of six species of birds from Formosa Province, Argentina Digéneos parásitos de seis especies de aves de la provincia de Formosa, Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lía Inés Lunaschi

2009-04-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to increase the knowledge of the diversity of digenean parasites from birds collected in Formosa Province, Argentina. The helminthological survey of 15 specimens of 6 bird species revealed the presence of 5 digenean species: Clinostomatopsis sorbens (Braun, 1899 and Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819 (Clinostomidae from the esophagus of Tigrisoma lineatum (Boddaert; Glaphyrostomum propinquum Braun, 1901 (Brachylaimidae from the cloaca of Guira guira (Gmelin; Stomylotrema vicarium Braun, 1901 (Stomylotrematidae from the cloaca of Busarellus nigricollis (Latham and Buteogallus meridionalis (Latham; and Athesmia heterolecithodes (Braun, 1899 (Dicrocoeliidae from the bile canaliculi of G. guira, Milvago chimachima (Vieillot and Rostrhamus sociabilis (Vieillot. The present study adds new morphometric data on 2 species of digeneans (C. sorbens and G. propinquum and new host records for C. sorbens, G. propinquum, A. heterolecithodes and S. vicarium. The genera Clinostomatopsis Dollfus, 1932 and Glaphyrostomum Braun, 1901 are reported for the first time in Argentina.El propósito de este trabajo es incrementar el conocimiento sobre la diversidad de digéneos parásitos de aves recolectadas en la provincia de Formosa, Argentina. El estudio helmintológico de 15 ejemplares de 6 especies de aves reveló la presencia de 5 especies de digéneos: Clinostomatopsis sorbens (Braun, 1899 y Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819 (Clinostomidae halladas en el esófago de Tigrisoma lineatum (Boddaert; Glaphyrostomum propinquum Braun, 1901 (Brachylaimidae recolectada de la cloaca de Guira guira (Gmelin; Stomylotrema vicarium Braun, 1901 (Stomylotrematidae encontrada en la cloaca de Busarellus nigricollis (Latham y Buteogallus meridionalis (Latham; Athesmia heterolecithodes (Braun, 1899 (Dicrocoeliidae hallada en los canalículos biliares de G. guira, Milvago chimachima (Vieillot y Rostrhamus sociabilis (Vieillot. El presente estudio

Contrôle géométrique de la croissance et de l’organisation des tissus

OpenAIRE

Bidan , Cécile

2013-01-01

Gewebsbildung ist ein wichtiger Prozess für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung unserer Organe. Die verschiedenen Gewebe unseres Körpers werden kontinuierlich von Zellen aufgebaut, umgebaut und repariert, beispielsweise während Morphogenese, Wundheilung oder Knochenumbau. Obwohl diese biologischen Prozesse genetisch codiert sind, spielen auch die biochemische Zusammensetzung und die physikalischen Eigenschaften der Umgebung eine wichtige Rolle bei der Gewebebildung und ermöglichen den Zellen...

Evaluation of gas radiation models in CFD modeling of oxy-combustion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rajhi, M.A.; Ben-Mansour, R.; Habib, M.A.; Nemitallah, M.A.; Andersson, K.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • CFD modeling of a typical industrial water tube boiler is conducted. • Different combustion processes were considered including air and oxy-fuel combustion. • SGG, EWBM, Leckner, Perry and WSGG radiation models were considered in the study. • EWBM is the most accurate model and it’s considered to be the benchmark model. • Characteristics of oxy-fuel combustion are compared to those of air–fuel combustion. - Abstract: Proper determination of the radiation energy is very important for proper predictions of the combustion characteristics inside combustion devices using CFD modeling. For this purpose, different gas radiation models were developed and applied in the present work. These radiation models vary in their accuracy and complexity according to the application. In this work, a CFD model for a typical industrial water tube boiler was developed, considering three different combustion environments. The combustion environments are air–fuel combustion (21% O 2 and 79% N 2 ), oxy-fuel combustion (21% O 2 and 79% CO 2 ) and oxy-fuel combustion (27% O 2 and 73% CO 2 ). Simple grey gas (SGG), exponential wide band model (EWBM), Leckner, Perry and weighted sum of grey gases (WSGG) radiation models were examined and their influences on the combustion characteristics were evaluated. Among those radiation models, the EWBM was found to provide close results to the experimental data for the present boiler combustion application. The oxy-fuel combustion characteristics were analyzed and compared with those of air–fuel combustion

Noble metal recycling. Project 2: Optimization of discontinuous thermal processes (emission reduction). Final report; Edelmetallrecycling. Teilvorhaben 2: Weiterentwicklung der Verfahrenstechnik bei diskontinuierlichen thermischen Prozessen (Emissionsminderung). Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baumbach, G.; Berger, R.

2000-10-01

A batch operated incineration process, used for the recycling of precious metals is described in the report. The development of a new combined pyrolysis/oxidation Process is the main focus of the work. This new process has several remarkable advantages compared to traditionally used techniques. The optimisation of the process with a modern fuzzy based control technique is described in detail. The emissions of the process were reduced considerably applying the new process and the innovative control technique. Furthermore the layout of several components of the new process can be reduced in the future. The developed techniques can also be applied in other thermal processes, especially batch processes. Additionally the application of catalysts for PCDD/PCDF reduction in the flue gas upstream and downstream of the filter was investigated. Whereas the catalyst performed well, as expected, downstream of the filter, no acceptable operation was possible upstream of the filter. As the reheating downstream the filter is economically not feasible the application of catalysts is not applicable for the describe process. (orig.) [German] Die Arbeit beschreibt einen diskontinuierlichen thermischen Prozess, der zur Rueckgewinnung von Edelmetallen eingesetzt wird. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt auf der Entwicklung eines neuartigen kombinierten Pyrolyse/Oxidations-Prozesses, der gegenueber den traditionell eingesetzten Anlagen grosse Vorteile aufweist. Die Optimierung dieses Prozesses mit Hilfe modernster Fuzzy-Regelungstechnik wird detailliert beschrieben. Mit dem neuen Verfahren und den innovativen Regelungstechniken konnten die Emissionen des Prozesses merklich gesenkt werden, ohne den Energiebedarf negativ zu beeinflussen. Ausserdem koennen zukuenftige Anlagen kleiner ausgelegt werden. Die entwickelten Verfahren koennen auch auf andere thermische Prozesse uebertragen werden. Weiterhin wurde der Einsatz von Katalysatoren zur PCDD/PCDF-Minderung im Rein- und Rohgas untersucht

Cleaning of process and excess water from organic waste fermentation with a combination of biological treatment stage and microfiltration; Reinigung von Prozess- und Ueberschusswaessern aus der Bioabfallvergaerung durch Kombination aus biologischer Stufe und Mikrofiltration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buer, T.; Schumacher, J. [Technische Hochschule Aachen (Germany). Lehrstuhl und Inst. fuer Siedlungswasserwirtschaft

1999-07-01

Within the framework of an R and D project sponsored by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt, cleaning of process and excess water from organic waste fermentation plants was studied at the Institute for Siedlungswasserwirtschaft of Aachen Technical University RWTH. The focus in studying these waste waters was on the adaptation and optimization of the ZenoGem {sup trademark} process - a biological cleaning technique with an integrated microfiltration membrane. The use of this technology had the following objectives: to safeguard compliance with the limiting values for direct or indirect discharge of excess water and to reduce the heavy metal freight of circulating process water reentering the fermentation process for mashing raw organic waste. Thus the pollutant content of the fermentation residue was to be cut down. (orig.) [German] Im Rahmen eines von der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt gefoerderten Forschungs- und Entwicklungsvorhabens wurde am Institut fuer Siedlungswasserwirtschaft der RWTH Aachen die Prozess- und Ueberschusswasserreinigung von Bioabfallvergaerungsanlagen untersucht. Dabei stellte die Adaption und Optimierung des ZenoGem {sup trademark} -Verfahrens - ein biologisches Reinigungsverfahren mit integrierter Mikrofiltrationsmembran - fuer diese Abwaesser den Untersuchungsschwerpunkt dar. Ziel war es, mit dieser Technologie zum einen die Grenzwerte fuer eine direkte oder indirekte Einleitung des Ueberschusswassers zu gewaehrleisten und zum anderen die zirkulierenden Prozesswaesser, die in den Vergaerungsprozess zum Anmaischen der Roh-Bioabfaelle zurueckgefuehrt werden, an Schwermetallen zu entfrachten. Hierdurch sollte eine Schadstoffreduktion im Gaerreststoff erzielt werden. (orig.)

Ash partitioning during the oxy-fuel combustion of lignite and its dependence on the recirculation of flue gas impurities (H{sub 2}O, HCl and SO{sub 2})

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Facun Jiao; Juan Chen; Lian Zhang; Yajuan Wei; Yoshihiko Ninomiya; Sankar Bhattacharya; Hong Yao [Monash University, Clayton, Vic. (Australia). Department of Chemical Engineering

2011-06-15

Oxy-fuel combustion of a brown coal (i.e. lignite) has been carried out at 1000{sup o}C to experimentally examine the vaporisation of organically bound metals and the agglomeration of ash particles as a function of the concentration of gaseous impurities including H{sub 2}O, HCl and SO{sub 2} in about 27% O{sub 2} balanced with CO{sub 2}. The properties of bulk ash and individual metals were investigated intensively. Particularly, attention was paid to Na which is notorious for fouling and to organically bound Al which has been less studied. The results indicate that, the organically bound metals, although possessing a very low content in the raw coal, are vital for the agglomeration of ash particles, which are also highly sensitive to the loading of gas impurities in flue gas. HCl recirculation is the most crucial factor promoting the vaporisation of metals via chlorination. Apart from alkali metals, the organically bound Al and Ti were also vaporised noticeably. Recirculation of SO{sub 2} promoted the sulfation of Na to condense into liquid droplet which increased fine ash yield. Co-existence of bulk HCl and SO{sub 2} played a synergetic role in the sulfation of Na via an initial chlorination of the char-bound Na. In contrast, co-existence of steam with HCl and SO{sub 2} favored the formation of Na alumino-silicates, which are favorable for ash agglomeration. 34 refs., 15 figs., 3 tabs.

Deletion of Braun lipoprotein and plasminogen-activating protease-encoding genes attenuates Yersinia pestis in mouse models of bubonic and pneumonic plague.

Science.gov (United States)

van Lier, Christina J; Sha, Jian; Kirtley, Michelle L; Cao, Anthony; Tiner, Bethany L; Erova, Tatiana E; Cong, Yingzi; Kozlova, Elena V; Popov, Vsevolod L; Baze, Wallace B; Chopra, Ashok K

2014-06-01

Currently, there is no FDA-approved vaccine against Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic and pneumonic plague. Since both humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity are essential in providing the host with protection against plague, we developed a live-attenuated vaccine strain by deleting the Braun lipoprotein (lpp) and plasminogen-activating protease (pla) genes from Y. pestis CO92. The Δlpp Δpla double isogenic mutant was highly attenuated in evoking both bubonic and pneumonic plague in a mouse model. Further, animals immunized with the mutant by either the intranasal or the subcutaneous route were significantly protected from developing subsequent pneumonic plague. In mice, the mutant poorly disseminated to peripheral organs and the production of proinflammatory cytokines concurrently decreased. Histopathologically, reduced damage to the lungs and livers of mice infected with the Δlpp Δpla double mutant compared to the level of damage in wild-type (WT) CO92-challenged animals was observed. The Δlpp Δpla mutant-immunized mice elicited a humoral immune response to the WT bacterium, as well as to CO92-specific antigens. Moreover, T cells from mutant-immunized animals exhibited significantly higher proliferative responses, when stimulated ex vivo with heat-killed WT CO92 antigens, than mice immunized with the same sublethal dose of WT CO92. Likewise, T cells from the mutant-immunized mice produced more gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4. These animals had an increasing number of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells than WT CO92-infected mice. These data emphasize the role of TNF-α and IFN-γ in protecting mice against pneumonic plague. Overall, our studies provide evidence that deletion of the lpp and pla genes acts synergistically in protecting animals against pneumonic plague, and we have demonstrated an immunological basis for this protection.

Rezension zu: Sheila Jeffreys: The Industrial Vagina. The Political Economy of the Global Sex Trade. London: Routledge 2008.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Susanne Hofmann

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Sheila Jeffreys analysiert die Prozesse, die zu einer Industrialisierung und Globalisierung von Prostitution im späten 20. und 21. Jahrhundert geführt haben. Hauptverantwortlich für die gegenwärtige Diskursverschiebung um Prostitution ist für Jeffreys zum einen die sexuelle Revolution der 1970er Jahre und zum anderen die massive Finanzierung von Unterstützer/-innen der Sexarbeiterinnen zur HIV-Prävention in den 1980ern. Jeffreys legt wie in früheren Arbeiten ihre radikal-feministische Position dar und fordert eine Abschaffung der Prostitution. In ihrer Abrechnung mit dem liberalen feministischen Diskurs, für den eine Unterstützung von Sexarbeiterinnen prioritär ist, ignoriert sie die Widersprüchlichkeiten und Komplexitäten der gelebten Realitäten. An vielen Stellen ihres Buches bekräftigt Jeffreys stereotypische Männlichkeitsvorstellungen, was durch einen Blick über den Tellerrand des ihr vertrauten wissenschaftlichen Bezugsrahmens hätte vermieden werden können.

10 October 2013 - D. Braun First Deputy Minister for Regional Development, Czech Republic, P. Styczeń Deputy Minister of Transport, Construction and Maritime Economy, Republic of Poland and F. Palko State Secretary, Ministry of Transport, Construction and Regional Development, Slovak Republic visiting the LHC tunnel at Point 1 with Technology Department, Vacuum, Surfaces and Coatings Group Leader J. M. Jimenez and signing the Guest book with CERN Director-General R. Heuer

CERN Multimedia

Anna Pantelia

2013-01-01

10 October 2013 - D. Braun First Deputy Minister for Regional Development, Czech Republic, P. Styczeń Deputy Minister of Transport, Construction and Maritime Economy, Republic of Poland and F. Palko State Secretary, Ministry of Transport, Construction and Regional Development, Slovak Republic visiting the LHC tunnel at Point 1 with Technology Department, Vacuum, Surfaces and Coatings Group Leader J. M. Jimenez and signing the Guest book with CERN Director-General R. Heuer

Formation and Control of Sulfur Oxides in Sour Gas Oxy-Combustion: Prediction Using a Reactor Network Model

KAUST Repository

Bongartz, Dominik

2015-11-19

© 2015 American Chemical Society. Sour natural gas currently requires expensive gas cleanup before it can be used in power generation because it contains large amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) that entail a low heating value and highly corrosive combustion products. A potential alternative is to use the gas directly in a gas turbine process employing oxy-fuel combustion, which could eliminate the need for gas cleanup while also enabling the application of carbon capture and sequestration, possibly combined with enhanced oil recovery (EOR). However, the exact influence of an oxy-fuel environment on the combustion products of sour gas has not been quantified yet. In this work, we used a reactor network model for the combustor and the gas turbine together with our recently assembled and validated detailed chemical reaction mechanism for sour gas combustion to investigate the influence of some basic design parameters on the combustion products of natural gas and sour gas in CO2 or H2O diluted oxy-fuel combustion as well as in conventional air combustion. Our calculations show that oxy-fuel combustion produces up to 2 orders of magnitude less of the highly corrosive product sulfur trioxide (SO3) than air combustion, which clearly demonstrates its potential in handling sulfur containing fuels. Unlike in air combustion, in oxy-fuel combustion, SO3 is mainly formed in the flame zone of the combustor and is then consumed as the combustion products are cooled in the dilution zone of the combustor and the turbine. In oxy-fuel combustion, H2O dilution leads to a higher combustion efficiency than CO2 dilution. However, if the process is to be combined with EOR, CO2 dilution makes it easier to comply with the very low levels of oxygen (O2) required in the EOR stream. Our calculations also show that it might even be beneficial to operate slightly fuel-rich because this simultaneously decreases the O2 and SO3 concentration further. The flame zone

Oxycombustion avec préchauffage des réactifs pour la valorisation des gaz à bas pouvoir calorifique

OpenAIRE

Ba , Abou

2017-01-01

The effective utilisation of low calorific value fuel, as gaseous by-products of coal/biomass or industrial residual gases, provides not only excellent opportunities for low cost power generation but also for the reduction of environmental impact of combustion. The present work aims to consider the combination of oxyfuel combustion with fuel and/or oxygen preheating in order to increase thermal efficiency by heat recovery and enhance oxyfuel flame stabilization of blast furnace gas (BFG). Thi...

Mult-Pollutant Control Through Novel Approaches to Oxygen Enhanced Combustion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Richard Axelbaum; Pratim Biswas

2009-02-28

Growing concerns about global climate change have focused effortss on identifying approaches to stabilizing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. One approach utilizes oxy-fuel combustion to produce a concentrated flue gas that will enable economical CO{sub 2} capture by direct methods. Oxy-fuel combustion rewuires an Air Separation Unit (ASU) to provide a high-purity stream of oxygen as well as a Compression and Purification Unit (CPU) to clean and compress the CO{sub 2} for long term storage. Overall plant efficiency will suffer from the parasitic load of both the ASU and CPU and researchers are investigating techniques to enhance other aspects of the combustion and gas cleanup proceses to improve the benefit-to-cost ratio. This work examines the influence of oxy-fuel combustion and non-carbon based sorbents on the formation and fate of multiple combustion pollutants both numerically and experimentally.

Techno-Economic Analysis of a 600 MW Oxy-Enrich Pulverized Coal-Fired Boiler

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ming Lei

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Oxy-fuel combustion is one of the most promising methods for CO2 capture and storage (CCS but the operating costs—mainly due to the need for oxygen production—usually lead to an obvious decrease in power generation efficiency. An “oxy-enrich combustion” process was proposed in this study to improve the efficiency of the oxy-fuel combustion process. The oxidizer for oxy-enrich combustion was composed of pure oxygen, air and recycled flue gas. Thus, the CO2 concentration in the flue gas decreased to 30–40%. The PSA (pressure swing adsorption, which has been widely used for CO2 removal from the shifting gases of ammonia synthesis in China, was applied to capture CO2 during oxy-enrich combustion. The technological economics of oxy-enrich combustion with PSA was calculated and compared to that of oxy-fuel combustion. The results indicated that, compared with oxy-fuel combustion: (1 the oxy-enrich combustion has fewer capital and operating costs for the ASU (air separation unit and the recycle fan; (2 there were fewer changes in the components of the flue gas in a furnace for oxy-enrich combustion between dry and wet flue gas circulation; and (3 as the volume ratio of air and oxygen was 2 or 3, the economics of oxy-enrich combustion with PSA were more advantageous.

Konzepte und Methoden zur Qualitätssicherung bei der Produktion von hypertextuellen Online-Lernumgebungen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christian Swertz

2002-04-01

Full Text Available Die didaktische Ontologie der Webdidaktik ermöglicht die Qualitätssicherung von Prozessen und Ergebnissen bei der Produktion von Online- Lernumgebungen. Die Qualität wird durch die am pädagogischen Prozess beteiligten Menschen bestimmt. Der Qualitätssicherungsprozess kann durch Software unterstützt werden. Für diese Prozesse der Qualitätssicherung bringt der Autor Beispiele aus dem Lerndorf (www.lerndorf.de und der Lernumgebung des von der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt geförderten Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekt «Zentrum für Umweltwissen und Bildung» (ZUB.

Fast Reactor Knowledge Organization System (FR-KOS)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Costantini, Livio

2013-01-01

FR-KOS Web-portal general concepts: FR-KOS web-portal is an integrated and unique solution for knowledge preservation, retrieval and management in fast reactor (FR) knowledge domain; The exploitation of the FR-KOS provides an effective and flexible tool to access FR knowledge repositories. The dynamic and interactive process of searching information is guided by structures that are based on the FR Taxonomy; FR-KOS can be extended to other types of reactor and technologies, such as PWR, WWER, BWR, CANDU, etc. In addition can also be utilized in other information management process such as the preservation of nuclear accidents knowledg;. FR-KOS addresses needs in non-structured knowledge preservation for both embarking countries and countries with established nuclear power; FR-KOS repositories contain more that 50.000 samples of technical and scientific publications, including full text documents in different languages (English, German, French and eventually in Russian)

75 FR 5320 - Proposed Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-02

..., identified by FR 4004, FR MSD-4, FR MSD-5, FR G-FIN, or FR G-FINW, by any of the following methods: Agency... form number: FR MSD-4 and FR MSD-5. OMB control number: 7100-0100 and 7100-0101. Frequency: On occasion... dealers. Estimated annual reporting hours: FR MSD-4, 48 hours; and FR MSD-5, 36 hours. Estimated average...

Comparative design study of FR plants with various coolants. 1. Studies on Na coolant FR, Pb-Bi coolant FR, gas coolant FR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Konomura, Mamoru; Shimakawa, Yoshio; Hori, Toru; Kawasaki, Nobuchika; Enuma, Yasuhiro; Kida, Masanori; Kasai, Shigeo; Ichimiya, Masakazu

2001-01-01

In Phase I of the Feasibility Studies on the Commercialized Fast Reactor (FR) Cycle System, plant designs on FR were performed with various coolants. This report describes the plant designs on FR with sodium, lead-bismuth, CO 2 gas and He gas coolants. A construction cost of 0.2 million yen/kWe was set up as a design goal. The result is as follows: The sodium reactor has a capability to obtain the goal, and lead-bismuth and gas reactors may satisfy the goal with further improvements. (author)

Design and experimental investigation of an oxy-fuel combustion system for magnetohydrodynamic power extraction

Science.gov (United States)

Hernandez, Manuel Johannes

design concepts. Therefore, numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were developed to design and optimize the combustion flow fields of oxy-fuel combustion systems. These models were analyzed to understand the boundary layer and heat transfer profile and qualitative behaviors in the product designs. Advanced materials for high-temperature applications were assessed for their possible implementation in the product design. A trade-off analysis indicated that this scheme may incur elevated product cost and a difficulty in manufacturing. Active cooling strategies were considered for product development. A rocket-based cooling scheme, regenerative cooling, was implemented to provide active cooling. In the hot gas path (HGP) cooling design, CFD models were developed to predict the variation of heat removal along the oxy-combustion wall for various operating conditions. The oxy-combustion technology was manufactured using electrical discharge machining (EDM). The product development lifecycle in this dissertation encompassed preliminary design, detailed design, and demonstration and validation of the product. Towards the final stages of the product development, Fuel-rich oxy combustion experiments were carried out to demonstrate and observe flame characteristics from the designed technology and to predict heat transfer loads. The demonstration findings of oxy-combustion flames are presented in this work to contribute the developing field of MHD direct power extraction, which lacks oxy-combustion design data and qualitative combustion datasets. The findings show that this oxy-combustion concept is capable of providing a high-enthalpy MHD environment for seeding, in order to render the flow to be conductive. Based on previous findings, temperatures in the range of 2800-3000 K may enable magnetohydrodynamic power extraction. The combustor hardware design was developed to contribute to engineered systems rated less than 100 kW for demonstration. The product hardware was

Development and Application of Optimal Design Capability for Coal Gasification Systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Edward S. Rubin; Anand B. Rao; Michael B. Berkenpas

2007-05-31

The basic objective of this research is to develop a model to simulate the performance and cost of oxyfuel combustion systems to capture CO{sub 2} at fossil-fuel based power plants. The research also aims at identifying the key parameters that define the performance and costs of these systems, and to characterize the uncertainties and variability associated with key parameters. The final objective is to integrate the oxyfuel model into the existing IECM-CS modeling framework so as to have an analytical tool to compare various carbon management options on a consistent basis.

THE CHARACTERISATION OF FUNGI Passalora fulva (Cooke U.Braun&Crous PATHOTYPES, CAUSER OF TOMATO LEAF MOLD IN CROATIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adrijana Novak

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Tomato is considered one of the most widely grown vegetable crops in the world and production of it is rising every year in Croatia as well as in the world. This research paper shows results on tomato leaf mould caused by Passalora fulva (Cooke U.Braun & Crous (syn. Cladosporium fulvum (Cooke, which can cause significant reduction of yield and quality of tomato. Other than economic loss, tomato leaf mould can be the cause of allergies because it produces lots of spores. During research, the following materials and methods have been used: collecting samples of plant material infected with tomato leaf mould and assessments of disease intensity, isolation and determination of the pathogen, detecting pathotypes using biassay, susceptibility testing of different tomato genotypes infected with P. fulva, molecular identification and testing the effects of essential oils in vitro on conidia germination. Visual controls of greenhouse and outdoor growing tomato were conducted during the period from 2006 to 2011. Samples (17 from 14 localities in 10 counties (Istra County, Koprivnica-Križevci County, KrapinaZagorje County, Međimurje County, Osijek-BaranjaCounty, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Varaždin County, Virovitica-Podravina County, Zadar County and Zagreb County were collected. Symptoms were detected on 6 different tomato genotypes: Belle, Jeremy, Minaret, Amaneta, Gravitet and test genotype. Outdoors, P. fulva was not found. For isolation and determination of P. fulva 4 different growing media were used: PDA (potato – dextrose agar, tomato – agar, carrot – agar and V8 – agar. By measuring the size of conidia on carrot – agar it was determined that they were the closest in size to the conidia from infected tomato leaf. Bioassay for the first time in Croatia confirmed presence of two different physiological pathotypes of P. fulva, Cf – 0 and Cf – 5. Other pathotypes obtained by bioassay were not confirmed by sequencing because the

First operational tests of an oxycoal hot gas cleaning facility; Erste Betriebstests einer Oxycoal-Heissgasreinigung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kellermann, A.; Habermehl, M.; Foerster, M.; Kneer, R. [RWTH Aachen University (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Waerme- und Stoffuebertragung

2009-07-01

An oxyfuel power plant process using a ceramic high temperature membrane for oxygen supply is investigated within the scope of the OXYCOAL-AC project at RWTH Aachen Uni-versity. Implementing the membrane requires a clean gas at a temperature of 850 C. There-fore a hot gas cleaning facility based on porous ceramic candle filters is used, which is state-of-the-art for the gas cleaning of synthesis gas or for flue gas cleaning in pressurised fluid-ised bed furnaces. However, these applications operate at lower temperatures and in a sig-nificantly different atmosphere. Thus, experiences for dust removal at high temperatures in oxyfuel atmoshere are not available. Experiments with a hot gas cleaning facility were con-ducted at the experimental combustion plant of the Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer, us-ing different candle filter materials. The flue gas was provided by a coal fired 100 kW{sub th} oxy-fuel furnace. The operational behaviour of the filtration facility, the adhesion and dedusting properties of the filter cake were investigated. (orig.)

7 CFR 29.1044 - Orange Red (FR).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Orange Red (FR). 29.1044 Section 29.1044 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing... Type 92) § 29.1044 Orange Red (FR). A yellowish red. [42 FR 21092, Apr. 25, 1977. Redesignated at 47 FR...

76 FR 25534 - Airworthiness Directives; Hamilton Sundstrand Propellers Model 247F Propellers

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-05

... 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD docket contains this AD, the... through FR2279 inclusive, FR 2398, FR2449 to FR2958 inclusive, FR20010710 to FR20010722 inclusive, and FR20010723RT to FR20020127RT inclusive, installed. Propeller blades reworked to Hamilton Sundstrand Service...

Research and development of methods and technologies for CO2 capture in fossil fuel power plants and storage in geological formations in the Czech Republic, stage E2: Methods of and technologies for CO2 capture from flue gas and a draft conceptual design of 2 selected variants of a CO2 capture system for a Czech coal fired power plant unit. Final report for Stage 2. Revision 0

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ubra, Olga

2010-12-01

The following topics are summarised: Aim and scope of Stage 2. List of research reports developed within Stage 2. Stage 2.1: Methods of and technologies for post-combustion CO 2 capture from the flue gas. Status of research and development worldwide. Stage 2.2: Oxyfuel method and technology. Status of research and development worldwide. Stage 2.3: Selection of a chemical absorption based method for post-combustion CO 2 separation; and Stage 2.4: Conceptual proposals for a technological solution for the selected chemical absorption based method and for application of the oxyfuel method. (P.A.)

Future dynamics in f(R) theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mueller, D.; Andrade, V.C. de; Maia, C.; Reboucas, M.J.; Teixeira, A.F.F.

2015-01-01

The f(R) gravity theories provide an alternative way to explain the current cosmic acceleration without invoking a dark energy matter component used in the cosmological modeling in the framework of general relativity. However, the freedom in the choice of the functional forms of f(R) gives rise to the problem of the degeneracy among these gravity theories on theoretical and (or) observational grounds. In this paper we examine the question as to whether the future dynamics can be used to break the degeneracy between f(R) gravity theories by investigating the dynamics of spatially homogeneous and isotropic dust flat models in two f(R) gravity theories, namely the well known f(R) = R+αR n gravity and another byAviles et al., whose motivation comes from the cosmographic approach to f(R) gravity. We perform a detailed numerical study of the dynamics of these theories taking into account the recent constraints on the cosmological parameters made by the Planck Collaboration. We demonstrate that besides being useful for discriminating between these two f(R) gravity theories, the future dynamics technique can also be used to determine the finite-time behavior as well as the fate of the Universe in the framework of these f(R) gravity theories. There also emerges from our analysis the result that one still can have a dust flat FLRWsolution with a big rip, if gravity is governed by f(R) = R+αR n . We also show that FLRW dust solutions with f'' < 0 do not necessarily lead to singularities. (orig.)

77 FR 7968 - Semiannual Regulatory Agenda

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-13

... Regulation Sequence No. Title Identifier No. 392 Non-Federal Oil and Gas 1024-AD78 Rights. National Park.... Timetable: Action Date FR Cite NPRM 07/00/12 Regulatory Flexibility Analysis Required: Yes. Agency Contact... anaconda, and Beni anaconda. Timetable: Action Date FR Cite ANPRM 01/31/08 73 FR 5784 ANPRM Comment Period...

Knowledge Preservation and Data Collection on FR in China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Donghui

2013-01-01

China has established the knowledge preservation and data collection system on FR preliminary and some data has been used to design new fast reactor, such as CFR600. • The best way to preserve FR knowledge is to construct a real fast reactor. All of the FR member countries should push FR commercialization forward together. • The agency could push the FR data collaboration based on some necessary roles

Recovery Act: Oxy-Combustion Technology Development for Industrial-Scale Boiler Applications. Task 4 - Testing in Alstom's 15 MW_th Boiler Simulation Facility

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Levasseur, Armand

2014-04-30

Alstom Power Inc. (Alstom), under U.S. DOE/NETL Cooperative Agreement No. DE-NT0005290, is conducting a development program to generate detailed technical information needed for application of oxy-combustion technology. The program is designed to provide the necessary information and understanding for the next step of large-scale commercial demonstration of oxy combustion in tangentially fired boilers and to accelerate the commercialization of this technology. The main project objectives include: Design and develop an innovative oxyfuel system for existing tangentially-fired boiler units that minimizes overall capital investment and operating costs; Evaluate performance of oxyfuel tangentially fired boiler systems in pilot scale tests at Alstom’s 15 MWth tangentially fired Boiler Simulation Facility (BSF); Address technical gaps for the design of oxyfuel commercial utility boilers by focused testing and improvement of engineering and simulation tools; Develop the design, performance and costs for a demonstration scale oxyfuel boiler and auxiliary systems; Develop the design and costs for both industrial and utility commercial scale reference oxyfuel boilers and auxiliary systems that are optimized for overall plant performance and cost; and, Define key design considerations and develop general guidelines for application of results to utility and different industrial applications. The project was initiated in October 2008 and the scope extended in 2010 under an ARRA award. The project is scheduled for completion by April 30, 2014. Central to the project is 15 MWth testing in the BSF, which provided in-depth understanding of oxy-combustion under boiler conditions, detailed data for improvement of design tools, and key information for application to commercial scale oxy-fired boiler design. Eight comprehensive 15 MWth oxy-fired test campaigns were performed with different coals, providing detailed data on combustion, emissions, and thermal behavior over a matrix of

Kognitive Prozesse der Adressatenantizipation beim Schreiben

OpenAIRE

Linnemann, Markus

2014-01-01

Im Fokus dieser Untersuchung stand die Textproduktion aus kognitiver Sicht. Diese umfasst im Wesentlichen vier Wissensbereiche. Neben dem thematischen und linguistischen Wissen, widmete sich die Arbeit vor allem dem pragmatischen, insbesondere dem Adressatenwissen und den dazugehörenden Prozessen. Es wurde dargestellt, dass der Adressat aufgrund seiner räumlichen und zeitlichen Distanz vom Schreiber antizipiert werden muss, wenn er erfolgreich kommunizieren will. Adressatenantizipation wurde ...

Agraareliidist Baltikumis 19. sajandil : ülevaade uurimiseisust / Tiit Rosenberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Rosenberg, Tiit, 1946-

2013-01-01

Ettekanne konverentsil "Bauern und Adel im Prozess der Modernisierung Agrarische Elitern om Ostelbischen Deutschland, Nordosteuropa im 19. Jahrhundert" Marburgis J. G. Herderi Instituudis 16. 07. 1999

Technology options for clean coal power generation with CO2 capture

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wu, Song; Bergins, Christian; Kikkawa, Hirofumi; Kobayashi, Hironobu; Kawasaki, Terufumi

2010-09-15

The state-of-the-art coal-fired power plant today is about 20% more efficient than the average operating power plants, and can reduce emissions such as SO2, NOx, and mercury to ultra-low levels. Hitachi is developing a full portfolio of clean coal technologies aimed at further efficiency improvement, 90% CO2 reduction, and near-zero emissions, including 700 deg C ultrasupercritical boilers and turbines, post-combustion CO2 absorption, oxyfuel combustion, and IGCC with CCS. This paper discusses the development status, performance and economic impacts of these technologies with focus on post combustion absorption and oxyfuel combustion - two promising CO2 solutions for new and existing power plants.

Rezension zu: Beate Hochholdinger-Reiterer: Kostümierung der Geschlechter. Schauspielkunst als Erfindung der Aufklärung. Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag 2014.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Daiber

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Von geschlechtlichen Einlagerungen in Sprache und deren Funktionen beim Schreiben der Theatergeschichte der deutschsprachigen Aufklärung handelt die von Beate Hochholdinger-Reiterer vorgelegte Habilitationsschrift. Die von ihr aufgedeckten sprachlichen Codes, die als ‚heimliche Archive‘ fungieren, werden auf die durch sie vermittelte symbolische Ordnung der Geschlechter hin analysiert. Prozesse der Literarisierung, Institutionalisierung und Subventionierung führten in dieser Epoche zur Etablierung des ‚einen‘ Theaters. Diese Prozesse verhandelten jedoch gleichermaßen Fragen des Nationalstaates und der Geschlechterordnung mit und konstruierten hinsichtlich letzterer eine ‚patrilineare Genealogie‘, die ‚andere‘ Diskurse mit ‚anderen‘ Ordnungen, die es in den Umbrüchen nachweislich auch gab, stimmlos gelassen haben.

75 FR 62333 - Airworthiness Directives; Hamilton Sundstrand Propellers Model 247F Propellers

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-08

...., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD docket contains this proposed AD, the regulatory... that the 247F propeller blades, P/N 817370-1, S/Ns FR2449 to FR2958 inclusive, FR20010710 to FR20010722 inclusive, and FR20010723RT to FR20020127RT inclusive, manufactured since January 1999, might also have...

76 FR 7101 - Airworthiness Directives; Hamilton Sundstrand Propellers Model 247F Propellers

Science.gov (United States)

2011-02-09

..., except Federal holidays. The AD docket contains this AD, the regulatory evaluation, any comments received... blades part number (P/N) 817370-1, S/Ns FR2449 to FR2958 inclusive, FR20010710 to FR20010722 inclusive, and FR20010723RT to FR20020127RT inclusive, before December 31, 2010. We determined that those S/N...

75 FR 19973 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Announcement of Board Approval Under Delegated...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-16

... Municipal Securities Dealer. Agency form number: FR MSD-4 and FR MSD-5. OMB control number: 7100-0100 and... activities as municipal securities dealers. Estimated annual reporting hours: FR MSD-4, 48 hours; and FR MSD-5, 36 hours. Estimated average hours per response: FR MSD-4, 1 hour; and FR MSD- 5, 0.25 hours...

Emission of NO and SO{sub 2} in a 300 kW pilot scale O{sub 2}/RFG Combustion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Tai; Liu, Zhaohui; Huang, Xiaohong; Liu, Jingzhang; Wang, Dingbang; Zheng, Chuguang [Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology, Wuhan (China). State Key Lab. of Coal Combustion

2013-07-01

The present work was addressed toward the NO and SO{sub 2} emission results on a 300 kW pilot scale facility, and discussed the impact of the different flue gas recycle ratios on the O{sub 2}/RFG coal combustion. In this study, a Chinese lean coal was burned with air and three kinds of O{sub 2}/RFG conditions in the pilot scale oxy-fuel coal combustion facility. The composition of the flue gas was sampled and analyzed by the FT/IR gas analyzer. The ashes were sampled in different place and analyzed to study the burnout rate and the mineral transformation. And in-furnace limestone injection under the air and oxy-fuel condition was used to study the desulfurization efficiency. The comparison was made between the air combustion and O{sub 2}/RFG combustion. It can be seen that NOx emissions decrease significantly (296 mg/MJ for air-firing, 80-145 mg/MJ for oxy-firing), compared with the air condition and three kind of oxy-fuel condition. It can be seen that the low NO{sub x} characteristic of the Oxy-fuel combustion causes lower emission of NO compared with the air combustion. For the emission of SO{sub 2}, Fuel-S to SO{sub 2} conversion rate dropped from 77% in air to 50% under O{sub 2}/RFG condition. And the desulfurization efficiencies of the air combustion and O{sub 2}/RFG combustion were 28.4 and 59.1%, respectively. The contribution of SO{sub 2} enriched in the flue gas to the desulfurization efficiency was more than the contribution of increased reactivity of the limestone. By the analyzing of the ash, it was the similar between the air combustion and O{sub 2}/RFG combustion.

76 FR 54717 - Supervised Securities Holding Companies Registration

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-02

... other financial statements submitted to the securities holding company's current consolidated supervisor... Y-9ES), The Supplement to the Consolidated Financial Statements for Bank Holding Companies (FR Y-9CS... Companies (FR Y-6), The Report of Foreign Banking Organizations (FR Y-7), The Consolidated Financial...

7 CFR 29.3068 - Tannish-red color (FR).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Tannish-red color (FR). 29.3068 Section 29.3068 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Type 93) § 29.3068 Tannish-red color (FR). A light red shaded toward tan. [24 FR 8771, Oct. 29, 1959...

Prediction of oxy-coal combustion through an optimized weighted sum of gray gases model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kangwanpongpan, Tanin; Corrêa da Silva, Rodrigo; Krautz, Hans Joachim

2012-01-01

Oxy-fuel combustion is considered as one of promising options for carbon dioxide capture in future coal power plants. Currently models available in CFD codes fail to predict accurately the radiative heat transfer in oxy-fuel cases due to higher pressure of carbon dioxide and water vapor. This paper concerns numerical investigation applying three band formulations aiming an accurate prediction of radiative properties. The radiative heat transfer is calculated by discrete ordinate method coupled with a weighted sum of gray gases model. The first case relates to the domain-based approach using air-fired parameters. In the last two cases, the optimized parameters of 3 and 4 gray gases fitted to oxy-fired conditions are implemented through a non-gray gases approach. Results applying these set of parameters are evaluated through a comparison with experimental data. Discrepancies between the predicted and measured velocity and O 2 concentration are found mainly close to the burner due to shortcomings of the turbulence model and inaccurate thermochemical closure. The gas flame temperatures are better predicted by the optimized parameters for oxy-fuel conditions, which are considerably lower than the values calculated by the air-fired parameters. Similar trends are observed when the radiative heat fluxes at the lateral wall are compared.

Development of Flexi-Burn™ CFB Power Plant to Meet the Challenge of Climate Change

Science.gov (United States)

Hackt, Horst; Fant, Zhen; Seltzert, Andrew; Hotta, Arto; Erikssoni, Timo; Sippu, Ossi

Carbon-dioxide capture and storage (CCS) offers the potential for major reductions in carbon- dioxide emissions of fossil fuel-based power generation in the fairly short term, and oxyfuel combustion is one of the identified CCS technology options. Foster Wheeler (FW) is working on reduction of carbon-dioxide with its integrated Flexi-Burn™ CFB technology. The proven high efficiency circulating fluidized-bed (CFB) technology, when coupled with air separation units and carbon purification units, offers a solution for carbon dioxide reduction both in re-powering and in greenfield power plants. CFB technology has the advantages over pulverized coal technology of a more uniform furnace heat flux, increased fuel flexibility and offers the opportunity to further reduce carbon dioxide emissions by co-firing coal with bio-fuels. Development and design of an integrated Flexi-Bum™ CFB steam generator and balance of plant system was conducted for both air mode and oxyfuel mode. Through proper configuration and design, the same steam generator can be switched from air mode to oxyfuel mode without the need for unit shutdown for modifications. The Flexi-Burn™ CFB system incorporates features to maximize plant efficiency and power output when operating in the oxy-firing mode through firing more fuel in the same boiler.

f(R) gravity solutions for evolving wormholes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bhattacharya, Subhra [Presidency University, Department of Mathematics, Kolkata (India); Chakraborty, Subenoy [Jadavpur University, Department of Mathematics, Kolkata (India)

2017-08-15

The scalar-tensor f(R) theory of gravity is considered in the framework of a simple inhomogeneous space-time model. In this research we use the reconstruction technique to look for possible evolving wormhole solutions within viable f(R) gravity formalism. These f(R) models are then constrained so that they are consistent with existing experimental data. Energy conditions related to the matter threading the wormhole are analyzed graphically and are in general found to obey the null energy conditions (NEC) in regions around the throat, while in the limit f(R) = R, NEC can be violated at large in regions around the throat. (orig.)

Exploring plane-symmetric solutions in f(R) gravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shamir, M. F., E-mail: farasat.shamir@nu.edu.pk [National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Department of Sciences and Humanities (Pakistan)

2016-02-15

The modified theories of gravity, especially the f(R) gravity, have attracted much attention in the last decade. This paper is devoted to exploring plane-symmetric solutions in the context of metric f(R) gravity. We extend the work on static plane-symmetric vacuum solutions in f(R) gravity already available in the literature [1, 2]. The modified field equations are solved using the assumptions of both constant and nonconstant scalar curvature. Some well-known solutions are recovered with power-law and logarithmic forms of f(R) models.

78 FR 37565 - Endangered Species; Issuance of Permits

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-21

... Living Treasures Wild 77 FR 68809; November January 22, 2013. Animal Park. 16, 2012. 88777A Wild Wonders... 70457; November January 11, 2013. 26, 2012. 713600 Kingdom Of The Mammals. 77 FR 70457; November January... International Center 78 FR 12777; February April 11, 2013. For The Preservation 25, 2013. Of Wild Animals...

Recovery Act: Oxy-Combustion Techology Development for Industrial-Scale Boiler Applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Levasseur, Armand

2014-04-30

Alstom Power Inc. (Alstom), under U.S. DOE/NETL Cooperative Agreement No. DE-NT0005290, is conducting a development program to generate detailed technical information needed for application of oxy-combustion technology. The program is designed to provide the necessary information and understanding for the next step of large-scale commercial demonstration of oxy combustion in tangentially fired boilers and to accelerate the commercialization of this technology. The main project objectives include: • Design and develop an innovative oxyfuel system for existing tangentially-fired boiler units that minimizes overall capital investment and operating costs. • Evaluate performance of oxyfuel tangentially fired boiler systems in pilot scale tests at Alstom’s 15 MWth tangentially fired Boiler Simulation Facility (BSF). • Address technical gaps for the design of oxyfuel commercial utility boilers by focused testing and improvement of engineering and simulation tools. • Develop the design, performance and costs for a demonstration scale oxyfuel boiler and auxiliary systems. • Develop the design and costs for both industrial and utility commercial scale reference oxyfuel boilers and auxiliary systems that are optimized for overall plant performance and cost. • Define key design considerations and develop general guidelines for application of results to utility and different industrial applications. The project was initiated in October 2008 and the scope extended in 2010 under an ARRA award. The project completion date was April 30, 2014. Central to the project is 15 MWth testing in the BSF, which provided in-depth understanding of oxy-combustion under boiler conditions, detailed data for improvement of design tools, and key information for application to commercial scale oxy-fired boiler design. Eight comprehensive 15 MWth oxy-fired test campaigns were performed with different coals, providing detailed data on combustion, emissions, and thermal behavior over a

Contaminated land and ground water: trends in the development of biological methods for remediation research; Altlasten und Grundwasser - Trends in der Entwicklung der biologischen Methoden in der Sanierungsforschung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stottmeister, U [UFZ - Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle GmbH, Leipzig (Germany). Sektion Sanierungsforschung

1998-11-01

Future developments in environmental biotechnology and in situ-remediation processes need the understanding and the influencing of the interaction between all components of a biological biocoenosis, especially in biofilm. Better performances concerning the elimination of contaminants could be made possible by the balanced addition of both additional electron acceptors and cosubstrates, in which the studies of the physiological interaction must be studied. The application of physical methods like radio waves are able to support the microbiological processes. The understanding of the interaction between biotic and abiotic processes in contaminated sites is incomplete at the present time. Ecotechnical processes must decrease the time demand of the natural attenuation and remove inhibitions. Phytoremediation is promising; the understanding of the root - microorganism interaction is the basis of new applications. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die zukuenftigen Entwicklungen der Umweltbiotechnologie und der in situ-Sanierungsverfahren sollten durch das Erkennen und die Beeinflussung des Wechselspiels von Biozoenosen insbesondere in Biofilmen bestimmt werden. Leistungssteigerungen des Schadstoffabbaus sind moeglich durch die bilanzierte Zugabe zusaetzlicher Elektronenakzeptoren oder von Kosubstraten, deren physiologische Wirkungsweise erkannt werden muss. Physikalische Massnahmen wie z.B. die Radiowellenanwendung koennen mikrobiologische Prozesse unterstuetzen. Das Wechselspiel biotischer und abiotischer Prozesse in Altlasten ist erst unvollstaendig verstanden. Oekotechnische Prozesse muessen die natuerliche Selbstreinigung beschleunigen oder Inhibitionen aufheben. Die vielversprechenden Methoden der Phytoremediation werden neue Anwendungsgebiete finden, wenn die Wurzelraum-Mikroorganismen-Wechselwirkung verstanden wird. (orig.)

75 FR 10692 - Maritime Communications

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-09

...] Maritime Communications ACTION: Final rule; correction. SUMMARY: The Federal Communications Commission published in the Federal Register of February 2, 2010 (75 FR 5241), a document in the Maritime Radio..., 2010 (75 FR 5241) to ensure that its rules governing the Maritime Radio Services continue to promote...

Geodesic congruences in the Palatini f(R) theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shojai, Fatimah; Shojai, Ali

2008-01-01

We shall investigate the properties of a congruence of geodesics in the framework of Palatini f(R) theories. We shall evaluate the modified geodesic deviation equation and the Raychaudhuri's equation and show that f(R) Palatini theories do not necessarily lead to attractive forces. Also, we shall study energy condition for f(R) Palatini gravity via a perturbative analysis of the Raychaudhuri's equation.

Nonlinear evolution of f(R) cosmologies. I. Methodology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oyaizu, Hiroaki

2008-01-01

We introduce the method and the implementation of a cosmological simulation of a class of metric-variation f(R) models that accelerate the cosmological expansion without a cosmological constant and evade solar-system bounds of small-field deviations to general relativity. Such simulations are shown to reduce to solving a nonlinear Poisson equation for the scalar degree of freedom introduced by the f(R) modifications. We detail the method to efficiently solve the nonlinear Poisson equation by using a Newton-Gauss-Seidel relaxation scheme coupled with the multigrid method to accelerate the convergence. The simulations are shown to satisfy tests comparing the simulated outcome to analytical solutions for simple situations, and the dynamics of the simulations are tested with orbital and Zeldovich collapse tests. Finally, we present several static and dynamical simulations using realistic cosmological parameters to highlight the differences between standard physics and f(R) physics. In general, we find that the f(R) modifications result in stronger gravitational attraction that enhances the dark matter power spectrum by ∼20% for large but observationally allowed f(R) modifications. A more detailed study of the nonlinear f(R) effects on the power spectrum are presented in a companion paper.

Altersbedingte Verlangsamung entsteht auf mehreren Verarbeitungsstufen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wiegand, Iris

-70) Erwachsen in einer Compound Search Aufgabe. Wie erwartet waren die Reaktionszeiten der älteren Probanden verlangsamt. Diese behaviorale Verlangsamung spiegelte sich in Modulationen der EKPs: Die Latenz der posterior-contralateral negativity (PCN) für älteren Erwachsene war verzögerte, was zeigt, dass prä......-attentive perzeptuelle Prozesse der Target-Selektion im Alter verlangsamt sind. Darüberhinaus war die Latenz des stimulus-bezogenene lateralisierten Bereitschaftspotenzial (LBP) der älteren Probanden zusätzliche verschoben, was darauf hindeutet, dass auch post-selektive perzeptuelle sowie Prozesse der Antworselektion...... zur Verlangsamung im Alter beitragen. Eine Amplitudenerhöhung des antwort-bezogenen LBPs lässt vermuten, dass außerdem eine gesteigte antwort-bezogene Aktivierung aufgrund der komplexen Aufgabe einen Anteil an altersbedingter Verlangsamung haben können....

Emission reduction measures in biowaste fermentation plants; Emissionsmindernde Massnahmen bei Bioabfallvergaerungsanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raussen, Thomas; Koj, Ulla; Sprick, Werner; Lootsma-Hallerberg, Auke [Witzenhausen-Institut fuer Abfall, Umwelt und Energie GmbH, Witzenhausen (Germany)

2012-11-01

Like many other biological processes, the biological processes of an integrated biowaste fermentation and composting plant involve gaseous emissions. Planners have many options to minimize the hazardous fraction of the gaseous emissions. Early optimization of the plans for materials flow management, constructional and process-related measures and operating schedules are particularly important. The contribution presents important fields of action and discusses their relevance. (orig.) [German] Die biologischen Prozesse einer integrierten Bioabfallvergaerungs- und Kompostierungsanlage sind, wie viele andere biologische Prozesse auch, mit gasfoermigen Emissionen verbunden. Anlagenplaner und Betreiber haben aber vielfaeltige Moeglichkeiten, den schaedlichen Anteil dieser Emissionen deutlich zu minimieren. Die fruehzeitige Optimierung der Planungen in den Bereichen Stoffstrommanagement, bauliche und verfahrenstechnische Massnahmen sowie betrieblicher Ablaeufe besitzt dabei besondere Bedeutung. Wichtige Handlungsfelder werden in diesem Beitrag uebersichtsartig dargestellt und in ihrer Relevanz diskutiert. (orig.)

Entgrenzung durch Medien: Internationalisierungsprozesse als Rahmenbedingung der Mediendidaktik

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michael Klebl

2006-07-01

Full Text Available Die Mediendidaktik ist eine Teildisziplin der Medienpädagogik und hat in den vergangenen Jahren einen enormen Zuwachs an Nachfrage und Bedeutung erfahren. Dieser Bedeutungszuwachs ist bedingt durch den verstärkten Einsatz digitaler Informations- und Kommunikationstechniken in Bildungsprozessen (Stichwort «E- Learning». Der vorliegende Beitrag entwickelt die These, dass die Mediendidaktik ausgehend von medientechnischen Entwicklungen im Kontext von Globalisierung einer Entgrenzung unterworfen ist. Diese Entgrenzung ist Chance und Risiko zugleich. Der vorliegende Beitrag klärt zunächst den Begriff der Entgrenzung. Anhand dreier Phänomene werden Prozesse der Entgrenzung für die Mediendidaktik beschrieben. Ausgehend von der Problematisierung der Prozesse von Entgrenzung werden abschliessend einige Folgerungen für die Mediendidaktik als Teildisziplin der Medienpädagogik zur Diskussion gestellt.

THE LIFETIME AND POWERS OF FR IIs IN GALAXY CLUSTERS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Antognini, Joe; Bird, Jonathan; Martini, Paul

2012-01-01

We have identified and studied a sample of 151 FR IIs found in brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in the MaxBCG cluster catalog with data from FIRST and NVSS. We have compared the radio luminosities and projected lengths of these FR IIs to the projected length distribution of a range of mock catalogs generated by an FR II model and estimate the FR II lifetime to be 1.9 × 10 8 yr. The uncertainty in the lifetime calculation is a factor of two, primarily due to uncertainties in the intracluster medium (ICM) density and the FR II axial ratio. We furthermore measure the jet power distribution of FR IIs in BCGs and find that it is well described by a log-normal distribution with a median power of 1.1 × 10 37 W and a coefficient of variation of 2.2. These jet powers are nearly linearly related to the observed luminosities, and this relation is steeper than many other estimates, although it is dependent on the jet model. We investigate correlations between FR II and cluster properties and find that galaxy luminosity is correlated with jet power. This implies that jet power is also correlated with black hole mass, as the stellar luminosity of a BCG should be a good proxy for its spheroid mass and therefore the black hole mass. Jet power, however, is not correlated with cluster richness, nor is FR II lifetime strongly correlated with any cluster properties. We calculate the enthalpy of the lobes to examine the impact of the FR IIs on the ICM and find that heating due to adiabatic expansion is too small to offset radiative cooling by a factor of at least six. In contrast, the jet power is approximately an order of magnitude larger than required to counteract cooling. We conclude that if feedback from FR IIs offsets cooling of the ICM, then heating must be primarily due to another mechanism associated with FR II expansion.

THE LIFETIME AND POWERS OF FR IIs IN GALAXY CLUSTERS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Antognini, Joe; Bird, Jonathan; Martini, Paul, E-mail: antognini@astronomy.ohio-state.edu, E-mail: bird@astronomy.ohio-state.edu, E-mail: martini@astronomy.ohio-state.edu [Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 W 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 (United States)

2012-09-10

We have identified and studied a sample of 151 FR IIs found in brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in the MaxBCG cluster catalog with data from FIRST and NVSS. We have compared the radio luminosities and projected lengths of these FR IIs to the projected length distribution of a range of mock catalogs generated by an FR II model and estimate the FR II lifetime to be 1.9 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 8} yr. The uncertainty in the lifetime calculation is a factor of two, primarily due to uncertainties in the intracluster medium (ICM) density and the FR II axial ratio. We furthermore measure the jet power distribution of FR IIs in BCGs and find that it is well described by a log-normal distribution with a median power of 1.1 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 37} W and a coefficient of variation of 2.2. These jet powers are nearly linearly related to the observed luminosities, and this relation is steeper than many other estimates, although it is dependent on the jet model. We investigate correlations between FR II and cluster properties and find that galaxy luminosity is correlated with jet power. This implies that jet power is also correlated with black hole mass, as the stellar luminosity of a BCG should be a good proxy for its spheroid mass and therefore the black hole mass. Jet power, however, is not correlated with cluster richness, nor is FR II lifetime strongly correlated with any cluster properties. We calculate the enthalpy of the lobes to examine the impact of the FR IIs on the ICM and find that heating due to adiabatic expansion is too small to offset radiative cooling by a factor of at least six. In contrast, the jet power is approximately an order of magnitude larger than required to counteract cooling. We conclude that if feedback from FR IIs offsets cooling of the ICM, then heating must be primarily due to another mechanism associated with FR II expansion.

76 FR 40052 - Regulatory Agenda

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-07

... for Infusion Pumps. 165 Food Labeling: Nutrition 0910-AG56 Labeling for Food Sold in Vending Machines. 166 Food Labeling: Nutrition 0910-AG57 Labeling of Standard Menu Items in Restaurants and Similar... American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009). Timetable: Action Date FR Cite NPRM 07/14/10 75 FR 40867...

Braun, Wernher von (1912-77)

Science.gov (United States)

Murdin, P.

2000-11-01

Rocket scientist, born in Wirsitz, Germany, enthusiast of space travel from an early age, designer of the V-2 rocket used during the second World War. With 120 associates from Peenemunde, went to the United States and directed firings of captured V-2 rockets at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, following which he used a Jupiter-C (Juno I) to put America's first satellite, Explorer 1, into ...

Gutscheine und Protektionismus / Gerald Braun

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Braun, Gerald

2016-01-01

Euroopa Kohtu otsusest, mis käsitleb küsimust, millistel tingimustel võivad tööandjad väljastada oma töötajatele maksusoodustusega talonge, mida saab kasutada majutuseks, meelelahutuseks ja/või toitlustuseks (C‑179/14). Vt. ka lk. 439-440

75 FR 14131 - Broadband Technology Opportunities Program

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-24

... electronically through an online application system at http://www.broadbandusa.gov . (75 FR at 3805). NTIA... March 26, 2010. (75 FR 10464, Mar. 8, 2010). NTIA announces this extension in the Application Closing...

Experimental and theoretical investigations of the decays of 206Fr and 208Fr

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ritchie, B.G.

1979-01-01

206 Fr and 208 Fr were mass separated and observed with large-volume semiconductor detectors in calibrated geometries. Alpha, gamma, and electron singles and gamma-gamma and gamma-electron coincidence data were taken. The alpha decay experiments permitted the determination of the alpha branching ratios for 206 208 Fr as well as 205 207 Fr. The method used includes the information obtained from the electron capture decay studies of those nuclei. The alpha branching ratios obtained are generally higher than those reported previously. Energies and half-lives are in general agreement with previous measurements. The alpha measurements also revealed the presence of a heretofore unobserved alpha-emitting isomer in 206 Fr. The isomer has a half-life of 0.7 +- 0.1 seconds, and the energy of the associated alpha decay is 6.930 +- 0.005 MeV. Gamma data taken with the alpha measurements suggest that the isomeric level is 531 keV above the 206 Fr ground state, with the associated alpha decay populating a level at 391 keV in the 202 At nucleus. Measured alpha branching ratios were analyzed with the Rasmussen reduced width formalism. All observed francium decays were deduced to be unhindered. This study produced detailed level schemes for 206 Rn and 208 Rn. The gamma and electron data permitted the determination of internal conversion coefficients, multipolarities, spins, and parities. It appears from systematics that two different bands of states above J/sup π/ = 4+ are populated by in-beam studies. The deduced level scheme of 208 Rn was studied in the interacting boson approximation (IBA) with the computer code PHINT. The level scheme is readily explained with this model up to around 2 MeV. Good agreement between theory and experiment was also obtained for 204 Rn and 206 Rn, but the limited detail in these decay schemes does not provide conclusive evidence for the applicability of the IBA. 28 figures, 10 tables

Dynamics of anisotropic power-law f(R) cosmology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shamir, M. F.

2016-01-01

Modified theories of gravity have attracted much attention of the researchers in the recent years. In particular, the f(R) theory has been investigated extensively due to important f(R) gravity models in cosmological contexts. This paper is devoted to exploring an anisotropic universe in metric f(R) gravity. A locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type I cosmological model is considered for this purpose. Exact solutions of modified field equations are obtained for a well-known f(R) gravity model. The energy conditions are also discussed for the model under consideration. The viability of the model is investigated via graphical analysis using the present-day values of cosmological parameters. The model satisfies null energy, weak energy, and dominant energy conditions for a particular range of the anisotropy parameter while the strong energy condition is violated, which shows that the anisotropic universe in f(R) gravity supports the crucial issue of accelerated expansion of the universe.

Dynamics of anisotropic power-law f(R) cosmology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shamir, M. F., E-mail: farasat.shamir@nu.edu.pk [National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore Campus, Department of Sciences and Humanities (Pakistan)

2016-12-15

Modified theories of gravity have attracted much attention of the researchers in the recent years. In particular, the f(R) theory has been investigated extensively due to important f(R) gravity models in cosmological contexts. This paper is devoted to exploring an anisotropic universe in metric f(R) gravity. A locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type I cosmological model is considered for this purpose. Exact solutions of modified field equations are obtained for a well-known f(R) gravity model. The energy conditions are also discussed for the model under consideration. The viability of the model is investigated via graphical analysis using the present-day values of cosmological parameters. The model satisfies null energy, weak energy, and dominant energy conditions for a particular range of the anisotropy parameter while the strong energy condition is violated, which shows that the anisotropic universe in f(R) gravity supports the crucial issue of accelerated expansion of the universe.

76 FR 50881 - Required Scale Tests

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-17

... RIN 0580-AB10 Required Scale Tests AGENCY: Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration... required scale tests. Those documents defined ``limited seasonal basis'' incorrectly. This document... 20, 2011 (76 FR 3485) and on April 4, 2011 (76 FR 18348), concerning required scale tests. Those...

Clustering of galaxies with f(R) gravity

Science.gov (United States)

Capozziello, Salvatore; Faizal, Mir; Hameeda, Mir; Pourhassan, Behnam; Salzano, Vincenzo; Upadhyay, Sudhaker

2018-02-01

Based on thermodynamics, we discuss the galactic clustering of expanding Universe by assuming the gravitational interaction through the modified Newton's potential given by f(R) gravity. We compute the corrected N-particle partition function analytically. The corrected partition function leads to more exact equations of state of the system. By assuming that the system follows quasi-equilibrium, we derive the exact distribution function that exhibits the f(R) correction. Moreover, we evaluate the critical temperature and discuss the stability of the system. We observe the effects of correction of f(R) gravity on the power-law behaviour of particle-particle correlation function also. In order to check the feasibility of an f(R) gravity approach to the clustering of galaxies, we compare our results with an observational galaxy cluster catalogue.

Mobile economy

OpenAIRE

Turowski, Klaus

2004-01-01

Mobile economy : Transaktionen, Prozesse, Anwendungen und Dienste ; 4. Workshop Mobile Commerce, 02.-03. Februar 2004, Univ. Augsburg / K. Turowski ... (Hrsg.). - Bonn : Ges. für Informatik, 2004. - 189 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. - (GI-Edition : Proceedings ; 42)

Schule und Bildung im Prozess der Globalisierung

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jürgen Oelkers

2000-05-01

Full Text Available Der Autor erörtert die Auswirkungen der Globalisierung auf Schulen, Lern- und Lehrarrangements sowie die künftige Rolle der Bildung innerhalb der vernetzten, entgrenzten Lebensräume. Dabei geht er der Frage nach, welche Rolle die Schule als traditionell ortsgebundene Einrichtung hinsichtlich der Vorbereitung auf einen globalem Arbeitsmarkt mit seinen Unsicherheiten einnehmen kann. Zunächst beschreibt er allgemeine Tendenzen der Individualisierung und Flexiblisierung von Arbeitsbedingungen, um Konsequenzen für die Kindheit abzuleiten (Zeit der Eltern als knappes Gut, Kommerzialisierung. In einem zweiten Schritt verdeutlicht er, welche Auswirkungen die neuen Medien Internet und Computer für das Lernen haben (Ungebundenheit hinsichtlich Ort, Zeit, damit verknüpft die Unverlässlichkeit von Quellen. In einem letzten Schritt charakterisiert er die Konsequenzen der Globalisierung für die Bildung und die Schule (internationale Standards in den drei großen Wirtschaftsräumen, Notwendigkeit der Vermittlung von Wissen zur Strukturierung und Bewertung von Informationen.

78 FR 1570 - Semiannual Regulatory Agenda

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-08

... Deregulatory Priorities. Gregory H. Woods, General Counsel. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy--Proposed... Action 10/01/12 77 FR 59719 Regulatory Flexibility Analysis Required: Yes. Agency Contact: Stephen Witkowski, Phone: 202 586-7463, Email: stephen[email protected] . RIN: 1904-AB90 [FR Doc. 2012-31497...

Spectroscopy of high spin states in sup(211,212,213)Fr

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Byrne, A.P.; Dracoulis, G.D.; Fahlander, C.; Hubel, H.; Poletti, A.R.; Stuchbery, A.E.; Gerl, J.; Davie, R.F.; Poletti, S.J.

1985-08-01

The level structures of 211 Fr, 212 Fr and 213 Fr have been observed to high spins, approx. 28(h/2π) (and excitation energies approx. 8 MeV) using a variety of gamma-ray spectroscopic techniques. The structure of these nuclides is discussed in terms of couplings of single particle states through empirical shell model calculations. Good agreement with experiment is obtained. In 212 Fr and 213 Fr core-excited configurations are required to explain the properties of the highest states. A number of long lived states were observed in each nucleus some of which decay by by enhanced E3 transitions. The E3 transition strengths are discussed

Alpha decay 225Ac→221Fr

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kudrya, S.A.; Sergienko, V.A.; Gorozhankin, V.M.; Gromov, K.Ya.; Malikov, Sh.R.; Malov, L.A.; Fominykh, V.I.; Tsupko-Sitnikov, V.V.; Chumin, V.G.; Yakushev, E.A.

2002-01-01

In-depth investigation of (α-γ)-coincidences at the 225 Ac decay is carried out. Twenty-one new weak γ-rays are found; 18 γ-rays earlier ascribed to the 225 Ac decay are not confirmed. The quantitative analysis of the (α-γ)-coincidences makes it possible to find the intensity of population of 221 Fr levels by the α decay and multipolarities of five weak γ-transitions. The conversion electron spectrum is investigated in the range of 5-24 keV with a high (some 20 eV) energy resolution. A new M1 type 10.6-keV γ-transition is found. The proposed 225 Ac decay scheme includes 31 excited 221 Fr states. Parities are established for 16 of them. Possible spin values are proposed for 221 Fr levels. Properties of excited 221 Fr states are satisfactorily described by the quasiparticle-phonon nuclear model without the assumption of static octupole deformation

75 FR 66762 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Announcement of Board Approval Under Delegated...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-29

... and Salary Surveys. Agency form number: FR 29a,b. OMB control number: 7100-0290. Frequency: FR 29a, annually; FR 29b, on occasion. Reporters: Employers considered competitors for Federal Reserve employees... Institutions Reforms, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA) agencies \\1\\ conduct the FR 29a survey...

Numerical simulation of ion transport membrane reactors: Oxygen permeation and transport and fuel conversion

KAUST Repository

Hong, Jongsup; Kirchen, Patrick; Ghoniem, Ahmed F.

2012-01-01

Ion transport membrane (ITM) based reactors have been suggested as a novel technology for several applications including fuel reforming and oxy-fuel combustion, which integrates air separation and fuel conversion while reducing complexity

75 FR 50763 - Proposed Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-17

... competitors of the Federal Reserve Board. The data from the surveys primarily are used to determine the... and Salary Surveys. Agency form number: FR 29a,b. OMB control number: 7100-0290. Frequency: FR 29a, annually; FR 29b, on occasion. Reporters: Employers considered competitors for Federal Reserve employees...

78 FR 30327 - Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Issuance of Permits

Science.gov (United States)

2013-05-22

.... Applicant Federal Register notice Permit issuance date Endangered Species 65816A Lewis Henderson........ 77... FR 24510; April 24, June 1, 2012. 2012. 69106A Lewis Henderson........ 77 FR 24510; April 24, June 1... 11, 2012. 2012. 213382 Virginia Safari Park & 77 FR 26779; May 7, July 21, 2012. Preservation Center...

ionFR: Ionospheric Faraday rotation [Dataset

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sotomayor-Beltran, C.; et al., [Unknown; Hessels, J.W.T.; van Leeuwen, J.; Markoff, S.; Wijers, R.A.M.J.

2013-01-01

IonFR calculates the amount of ionospheric Faraday rotation for a specific epoch, geographic location, and line-of-sight. The code uses a number of publicly available, GPS-derived total electron content maps and the most recent release of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field. ionFR can be

78 FR 47412 - Tyson D. Quy, M.D.; Decision and Order

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-05

... Green, Jr., M.D., 59 FR 51,453 (DEA 1994); David E. Trawick, D.D.S., 53 FR 5,326 (DEA 1988). Here, the...) (ten years); Norman Alpert, M.D., 58 FR 67,420, 67,421 (DEA 1993) (seven years). Here, the conditions...

78 FR 44275 - Semiannual Regulatory Agenda

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-23

... Rights. National Park Service--Completed Actions Regulation Sequence No. Title Identifier No. 200 Winter.... Timetable: Action Date FR Cite NPRM 07/00/13 Final Action 05/00/14 Regulatory Flexibility Analysis Required...: Action Date FR Cite NPRM 10/00/14 Final Action 10/00/14 Regulatory Flexibility Analysis Required: Yes...

Solar System constraints to general f(R) gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chiba, Takeshi; Smith, Tristan L.; Erickcek, Adrienne L.

2007-01-01

It has been proposed that cosmic acceleration or inflation can be driven by replacing the Einstein-Hilbert action of general relativity with a function f(R) of the Ricci scalar R. Such f(R) gravity theories have been shown to be equivalent to scalar-tensor theories of gravity that are incompatible with Solar System tests of general relativity, as long as the scalar field propagates over Solar System scales. Specifically, the parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) parameter in the equivalent scalar-tensor theory is γ=1/2, which is far outside the range allowed by observations. In response to a flurry of papers that questioned the equivalence of f(R) theory to scalar-tensor theories, it was recently shown explicitly, without resorting to the scalar-tensor equivalence, that the vacuum field equations for 1/R gravity around a spherically symmetric mass also yield γ=1/2. Here we generalize this analysis to f(R) gravity and enumerate the conditions that, when satisfied by the function f(R), lead to the prediction that γ=1/2

f(R) gravity and chameleon theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brax, Philippe; Bruck, Carsten van de; Davis, Anne-Christine; Shaw, Douglas J.

2008-01-01

We analyze f(R) modifications of Einstein's gravity as dark energy models in the light of their connection with chameleon theories. Formulated as scalar-tensor theories, the f(R) theories imply the existence of a strong coupling of the scalar field to matter. This would violate all experimental gravitational tests on deviations from Newton's law. Fortunately, the existence of a matter dependent mass and a thin-shell effect allows one to alleviate these constraints. The thin-shell condition also implies strong restrictions on the cosmological dynamics of the f(R) theories. As a consequence, we find that the equation of state of dark energy is constrained to be extremely close to -1 in the recent past. We also examine the potential effects of f(R) theories in the context of the Eoet-wash experiments. We show that the requirement of a thin shell for the test bodies is not enough to guarantee a null result on deviations from Newton's law. As long as dark energy accounts for a sizeable fraction of the total energy density of the Universe, the constraints that we deduce also forbid any measurable deviation of the dark energy equation of state from -1. All in all, we find that both cosmological and laboratory tests imply that f(R) models are almost coincident with a ΛCDM model at the background level.

Alpha decay 225 Ac → 221Fr

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gromov, K. Ya.; Gorozhankin, V.M.; Malov, L.A.; Fominykh, V.I.; Tsupko-Sitnikov, V.V.; Chumin, V.G.; Jakushev, E.A.; Kudrya, S.A.; Sergienko, V.A.; Malikov, Sh.R.

2004-01-01

Full text: Considerable attention has been given to nuclei with A = 220 - 230 recently. In this region there occurs transition from the spherical to the deformed nuclear shape, which gives rise to some specific features in the nuclear structure. In particular, negative parity levels with low excitation energies have been found in even-even nuclei from this region [1, 2]. One of the nuclei allowing experimental investigation of the above properties is 221 Fr. The nuclide 221 Fr is from the region of isotopes which does not include stable nuclei and thus it cannot be studied in several-nucleon transfer reactions. In addition, the neutron excess in this nucleus makes it impossible to study the nucleus in reactions with heavy ions. Experimental information on the 221 Fr level structure can only be gained from investigation of the 225 Ac (T 1/2 = 10 days) alpha decay or the 221 Rn (T 1/2 = 25 min) beta decay. In the latter case the possibilities of the investigation are restricted by difficulties in making of 221 Rn sources. Therefore, most information on the structure and properties of 221 Fr is derived from investigation of the 225 Ac α -decay [3]. In-depth investigation of ( α - γ )- coincidences at the 225 Ac decay is carried out. Twenty-one new weak γ - rays are found; 18 γ-rays earlier ascribed to the 225 Ac decay are not confirmed. The quantitative analysis of the ( α - γ )- coincidences makes it possible to find the intensity of 221 Fr levels by the decay and multipolarities of five weak γ -transitions. The conversion electron spectrum is investigated in the range of 5 † 24 keV with a high (some 20 eV) energy resolution. A new M1 type 10.6-keV γ-transition is found. The proposed 225 Ac decay scheme includes 31 excited 221 Fr states. Parities are established for 16 of them. Possible spin values are proposed for 221 Fr levels. Properties of excited 221 Fr states are satisfactorily described by the quasiparticle-phonon nuclear model without the

Oxy-Fuel Combustion of Coal

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brix, Jacob

This Ph.D. thesis describes an experimental and modeling investigation of the thermal conversion of coal and an experimental investigation of the emission of NO from char combustion in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 atmospheres. The motivation for the work has been the prospective use of the technology “Oxy......-Fuel Combustion” as a mean of CO2 abatement in large scale energy conversion. Entrained Flow Reactor (EFR) experiments have been conducted in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 mixtures in the temperature interval 1173 K – 1673 K using inlet O2 concentrations between 5 – 28 vol. %. Bituminous coal has been used as fuel in all....... % it was found that char conversion rate was lowered in O2/CO2 compared to O2/N2. This is caused by the lower diffusion coefficient of O2 in CO2 (~ 22 %) that limits the reaction rate in zone III compared to combustion in O2/N2. Using char sampled in the EFR experiments ThermoGravimetric Analyzer (TGA...

Constraint propagation equations of the 3+1 decomposition of f(R) gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paschalidis, Vasileios; Shapiro, Stuart L; Halataei, Seyyed M H; Sawicki, Ignacy

2011-01-01

Theories of gravity other than general relativity (GR) can explain the observed cosmic acceleration without a cosmological constant. One such class of theories of gravity is f(R). Metric f(R) theories have been proven to be equivalent to Brans-Dicke (BD) scalar-tensor gravity without a kinetic term (ω = 0). Using this equivalence and a 3+1 decomposition of the theory, it has been shown that metric f(R) gravity admits a well-posed initial value problem. However, it has not been proven that the 3+1 evolution equations of metric f(R) gravity preserve the (Hamiltonian and momentum) constraints. In this paper, we show that this is indeed the case. In addition, we show that the mathematical form of the constraint propagation equations in BD-equilavent f(R) gravity and in f(R) gravity in both the Jordan and Einstein frames is exactly the same as in the standard ADM 3+1 decomposition of GR. Finally, we point out that current numerical relativity codes can incorporate the 3+1 evolution equations of metric f(R) gravity by modifying the stress-energy tensor and adding an additional scalar field evolution equation. We hope that this work will serve as a starting point for relativists to develop fully dynamical codes for valid f(R) models.

75 FR 57690 - Acquisition Regulation: Sustainable Acquisition

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-22

... general guidelines issued by OMB. OMB's guidelines were published at 67 FR 8452 (February 22, 2002), and DOE's guidelines were published at 67 FR 62446 (October 7, 2002). DOE has reviewed today's rule under... products. (5) Environmentally preferable and energy efficient electronics including desktop computers...

TWG-FR Activity Report for the Period May 2011 – May 2012

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Monti, Stefano

2012-01-01

Recent Recommendations of the TWG-FR & implementation: ⇨ Increase the efforts to make more countries participating in its activities → Sweden became full member of TWG-FR this year. ⇨ Concentrate all research and technical activities related to FR under the TWG-FR umbrella. An efficient and effective interface between INPRO and TWG-FR should be established to avoid duplication/overlapping of activities → done. ⇨ Closer cooperation links should be established with FR-related activities implemented within the framework of other international programmes (e.g. GIF, INPRO, OECD/NEA, ESNII) → systematic collaboration with INPRO, interface with GIF, participation to NEA-TF on SFR, member of External Advisory Committee of some Euratom projects. ⇨ Continue to secure training and education in the field of Fast Neutron System Physics, Technology and Applications, and respective Schools/Seminars should be held on a regular basis → 4 events: 2 in 2011 and 2 in 2012 (Trieste, Bariloche). ⇨ Launch new CRPs in the field of safety of FR with special emphasis on severe accidents → launch of EBR-II CRP + 4 related Workshops/TMs. ⇨ The IAEA, with technical inputs from the TWG-FR, should produce international safety standards relevant to fast reactors → Initiated discussion with Department of Nuclear Safety and Security + INPRO/GIF for SFR Safety Design Criteria

Effective Dark Matter Halo Catalog in f(R) Gravity.

Science.gov (United States)

He, Jian-Hua; Hawken, Adam J; Li, Baojiu; Guzzo, Luigi

2015-08-14

We introduce the idea of an effective dark matter halo catalog in f(R) gravity, which is built using the effective density field. Using a suite of high resolution N-body simulations, we find that the dynamical properties of halos, such as the distribution of density, velocity dispersion, specific angular momentum and spin, in the effective catalog of f(R) gravity closely mimic those in the cold dark matter model with a cosmological constant (ΛCDM). Thus, when using effective halos, an f(R) model can be viewed as a ΛCDM model. This effective catalog therefore provides a convenient way for studying the baryonic physics, the galaxy halo occupation distribution and even semianalytical galaxy formation in f(R) cosmologies.

基于FrFT-MUSIC的空时频算法%Space-time-frequency Algorithm Based on FrFT-MUSIC

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

张声杰; 刘梅

2011-01-01

针对传统时频分析方法难以对星载分布式合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统中地面目标速度进行准确估计的问题,提出了分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT)-多重信号分类(MUSIC)空时频方法.利用FrFT获得信号向量并构造空时频分布矩阵；应用该分布矩阵替代传统MUSIC算法中的协方差矩阵,从而求得FrFT- MUSIC空时频谱,通过对谱函数进行搜索估计目标速度.仿真实验表明,该方法的目标速度估计精度高,抗噪声能力强.%The fractional Fourier transform (FrFT)-multipIe signal classification (MUSIC) space-time-frequency algorithm is proposed to solve the problem that it is difficult for the traditional time-frequency analysis method to accurately estimate the ground targets' azimuth speed which is coupled with spaceborne distributed synthetic aperture radar" (SAR). The signal vector is obtained and the space-time-frequency distribution matrix is formed by FrFT. Then, this distribution matrix is used instead of the traditional MUSIC covariance matrix to construct FrFT- MUSIC spectral function. Target speed is estimated by searching. Simulation results show that this algorithm has a high accuracy of parameter estimation and strong resistance to noise.

Subsurface characterization of an oxidation-induced phase transformation and twinning in nickel-based superalloy exposed to oxy-combustion environments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu Jingxi; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Jablonski, Paul D.; Wise, Adam; Li Jia; Laughlin, David E.; Sridhar, Seetharaman

2012-01-01

Highlights: ►Oxidation products of Ni-based superalloy were studied in oxy-fuel combustion conditions. ► An oxidation-induced phase transformation occurred in the subsurface region. ► One of the two product phases was not in the Ni database of Thermo-Calc. ► This unknown phase is an ordered derivative of FCC structure of Ni–Ti(–Ta) system. ► This phase is likely detrimental to the mechanical integrity of the alloy in use. - Abstract: In the integration of oxy-fuel combustion to turbine power generation system, turbine alloys are exposed to high temperature and an atmosphere comprised of steam, CO 2 and O 2 . While surface and internal oxidation of the alloy takes place, the microstructure in the subsurface region also changes due to oxidation. In this study, bare metal coupons of Ni-base superalloys were exposed in oxy-fuel combustion environment for up to 1000 h and the oxidation-related microstructures were examined. Phase transformation occurred in the subsurface region in Ni-based superalloy and led to twinning. The transformation product phases were analyzed through thermodynamic equilibrium calculations and various electron microscopy techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanism by which the phase transformation and the formation of the microstructure occurred was also discussed. The possible effects of the product phases on the performance of the alloy in service were discussed.

Resensieartikel – Germanistische Linguistik

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

Peter Meyer, Institut für Deutsche Sprache Mannheim: Entlehnungsketten in einem Internetportal für Lehnwörterbücher. IT-Infrastruktur und computerlexiko- graphischer Prozess in einem Projekt zu polnisch vermittelten Germanismen im Ost- slavischen [Ontleningsreekse in 'n internetportaal vir leenwoordwoordeboeke.

Oxy-coal combustion in an entrained flow reactor: Application of specific char and volatile combustion and radiation models for oxy-firing conditions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Álvarez, L.; Yin, Chungen; Riaza, J.

2013-01-01

The deployment of oxy-fuel combustion in utility boilers is one of the major options for CO2 capture. However, combustion under oxy-firing conditions differs from conventional air-firing combustion, e.g., in the aspect of radiative heat transfer, coal conversion and pollutants formation....... In this work, a numerical study on pulverised coal combustion was conducted to verify the applicability and accuracy of several sub-models refined for oxy-fuel conditions, e.g., gaseous radiative property model, gas-phase combustion mechanism and heterogeneous char reaction model. The sub-models were...... implemented in CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations of combustion of three coals under air-firing and various oxy-firing (21-35% vol O2 in O2/CO2 mixture) conditions in an EFR (entrained flow reactor). The predicted coal burnouts and gaseous emissions were compared against experimental results...

Phase I Final Scientific Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lu, Xijia [National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Albany, OR (United States); Fetvedt, Jeremy [National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Albany, OR (United States); Dimmig, Walker [National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Albany, OR (United States)

2017-10-15

This Final Scientific Report addresses the accomplishments achieved during Phase I of DE- FE0023985, Coal Syngas Combustor Development for Supercritical CO₂ Power Cycles. The primary objective of the project was to develop a coal syngas-fueled combustor design for use with high-pressure, high-temperature, oxy-fuel, supercritical CO₂ power cycles, with particular focus given to the conditions required by the Allam Cycle. The primary goals, from the Statement of Project Objectives, were to develop: (1) a conceptual design of a syngas-fueled combustor-turbine block for a 300MWe high-pressure, oxy-fuel, sCO2 power plant; (2) the preliminary design of a 5MWt test combustor; and (3) the definition of a combustor test program. Accomplishments for each of these goals are discussed in this report.

Rocket center Peenemünde — Personal memories

Science.gov (United States)

Dannenberg, Konrad; Stuhlinger, Ernst

Von Braun built his first rockets as a young teenager. At 14, he started making plans for rockets for human travel to the Moon and Mars. The German Army began a rocket program in 1929. Two years later, Colonel (later General) Becker contacted von Braun who experimented with rockets in Berlin, gave him a contract in 1932, and, jointly with the Air Force, in 1936 built the rocket center Peenemünde where von Braun and his team developed the A-4 (V-2) rocket under Army auspices, while the Air Force developed the V-1 (buzz bomb), wire-guided bombs, and rocket planes. Albert Speer, impressed by the work of the rocketeers, allowed a modest growth of the Peenemünde project; this brought Dannenberg to the von Braun team in 1940. Hitler did not believe in rockets; he ignored the A-4 project until 1942 when he began to support it, expecting that it could turn the fortunes of war for him. He drastically increased the Peenemünde work force and allowed the transfer of soldiers from the front to Peenemünde; that was when Stuhlinger, in 1943, came to Peenemünde as a Pfc.-Ph.D. Later that year, Himmler wrenched the authority over A-4 production out of the Army's hands, put it under his command, and forced production of the immature rocket at Mittelwerk, and its military deployment against targets in France, Belgium, and England. Throughout the development of the A-4 rocket, von Braun was the undisputed leader of the project. Although still immature by the end of the war, the A-4 had proceeded to a status which made it the first successful long-range precision rocket, the prototype for a large number of military rockets built by numerous nations after the war, and for space rockets that launched satellites and traveled to the Moon and the planets.

Investigation of octupole deformations in the Fr217 nucleus by yrast spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hulne, S.

1988-01-01

The spectroscopic characteristics of the yrast levels of Fr217 are determined. The level scheme up to a value of J = (39/2 + ) for angular momentum and parity is established. The production of the Fr217 nucleus in a heavy ion collision reaction was only possible by using a radioactive Pb210 target. The method for preparing the target is described. The Fr217 nucleus belongs to the category of nuclei showing octupole effects. Mass A = 217 seems to be the lower limit of the region where these effects occur [fr

76 FR 58300 - Affirmative Decisions on Petitions for Modification Granted in Whole or in Part

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-20

... govern the application, processing, and disposition of petitions for modification. This Federal Register... Affected: 30 CFR 75.1700 (Oil and gas wells). Docket Number: M-2009-005-C. FR Notice: 74 FR 23747 (May 20... CFR 75.1700 (Oil and gas wells). Docket Number: M-2009-006-C. FR Notice: 74 FR 23748 (May 20, 2009...

f(R) gravity, torsion and non-metricity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sotiriou, Thomas P

2009-01-01

For both f(R) theories of gravity with an independent symmetric connection (no torsion), usually referred to as Palatini f(R) gravity theories, and for f(R) theories of gravity with torsion but no non-metricity, called U4 theories, it has been shown that the independent connection can actually be eliminated algebraically, as long as this connection does not couple to matter. Remarkably, the outcome in both cases is the same theory, which is dynamically equivalent with an ω 0 = -3/2 Brans-Dicke theory. It is shown here that even for the most general case of an independent connection with both non-metricity and torsion, one arrives at exactly the same theory as in the more restricted cases. This generalizes the previous results and explains why assuming that either the torsion or the non-metricity vanishing ultimately leads to the same theory. It also demonstrates that f(R) actions cannot support an independent connection which carries dynamical degrees of freedom, irrespective of how general this connection is, at least as long as there is no connection-matter coupling. (fast track communication)

77 FR 32881 - Supervised Securities Holding Company Registration

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-04

...), The Report of Foreign Banking Organizations (FR Y-7), The Consolidated Financial Statements for Bank... Y-9ES), The Supplement to the Consolidated Financial Statements for Bank Holding Companies (FR Y-9CS... comprehensive consolidated supervision by a foreign regulator, a nonbank financial company supervised by the...

Le developpement de Limacella glioderma (Fr.) R. Maire

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Reijnders, A.F.M.

1979-01-01

A comparison of the development of Limacella guttata (Fr.) Konrad & Maublanc with that of L. glioderma (Fr.) R. Maire shows clearly that the latter is of a more primitive type. This conclusion is based on the following observations: a. Limacella guttata has a pileocarpic development: the first

Strength degradation and failure limits of dense and porous ceramic membrane materials

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pećanac, G.; Foghmoes, Søren Preben Vagn; Lipińska-Chwałek, M.

2013-01-01

Thin dense membrane layers, mechanically supported by porous substrates, are considered as the most efficient designs for oxygen supply units used in Oxy-fuel processes and membrane reactors. Based on the favorable permeation properties and chemical stability, several materials were suggested...

77 FR 62150 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Kentucky; Approval of Revisions to the...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-10-12

....34 Standard of 10/23/01 66 FR 53661 05/15/91 Performance for Existing Pneumatic Rubber Tire... Abbreviations and 11/19/02 67 FR 69688 05/15/02 Acronyms. 1.04 Performance Tests... 10/23/01 66 FR 53660 11/19... 10/23/01 66 FR 53660 06/13/79 Requirements. Reg 6--Standards of Performance for Existing Affected...

78 FR 6107 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Announcement of Board Approval Under Delegated...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-29

... Derivatives Market Activity (FR 3036; OMB No. 7100-0285). The FR 2436 collects similar data on the outstanding... of Foreign Exchange and Derivative Market Activity. Agency form number: FR 3036. OMB control number... and derivatives market and dealers. Estimated annual reporting hours: Turnover Survey, 2,275 hours...

75 FR 30003 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-28

... and title, by any of the following methods: * Federal Rulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov..., 2006; 71 FR 35342) and OPM/GOVT-5, Recruiting, Examining, and Placement Records (June 19, 2006; 71 FR...

Development of Streptomyces sp. FR-008 as an emerging chassis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Qian Liu

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Microbial-derived natural products are important in both the pharmaceutical industry and academic research. As the metabolic potential of original producer especially Streptomyces is often limited by slow growth rate, complicated cultivation profile, and unfeasible genetic manipulation, so exploring a Streptomyces as a super industrial chassis is valuable and urgent. Streptomyces sp. FR-008 is a fast-growing microorganism and can also produce a considerable amount of macrolide candicidin via modular polyketide synthase. In this study, we evaluated Streptomyces sp. FR-008 as a potential industrial-production chassis. First, PacBio sequencing and transcriptome analyses indicated that the Streptomyces sp. FR-008 genome size is 7.26 Mb, which represents one of the smallest of currently sequenced Streptomyces genomes. In addition, we simplified the conjugation procedure without heat-shock and pre-germination treatments but with high conjugation efficiency, suggesting it is inherently capable of accepting heterologous DNA. In addition, a series of promoters selected from literatures was assessed based on GusA activity in Streptomyces sp. FR-008. Compared with the common used promoter ermE*-p, the strength of these promoters comprise a library with a constitutive range of 60–860%, thus providing the useful regulatory elements for future genetic engineering purpose. In order to minimum the genome, we also target deleted three endogenous polyketide synthase (PKS gene clusters to generate a mutant LQ3. LQ3 is thus an “updated” version of Streptomyces sp. FR-008, producing fewer secondary metabolites profiles than Streptomyces sp. FR-008. We believe this work could facilitate further development of Streptomyces sp. FR-008 for use in biotechnological applications.

Supramolekulare Chemie in Wasser

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Oshovsky, G.; Reinhoudt, David; Verboom, Willem

2007-01-01

Die supramolekulare Chemie in Wasser ist ein ständig wachsendes Forschungsgebiet, da nichtkovalente Wechselwirkungen in wässrigen Medien entscheidend für ein besseres Verständnis und die Kontrolle grundlegender Prozesse in der Natur sind. Dieser Aufsatz bietet einen Überblick über aktuelle

Characterisation of WC-12Co thermal spray powders and HPHVOF wear resistant coatings

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Lovelock, HDL

1998-01-01

Full Text Available were selected for the deposition of thermal spray coatings using the JP 5000 high pressure high velocity oxyfuel (HPHVOF) system. Dry sand rubber wheel abrasion tests were performed on the coatings in order to determine the effect of powder...

Watermelon germplasm lines USVL246-FR2 and USVL252-FR2 tolerant to fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2

Science.gov (United States)

Two improved germplasm lines of wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) designated USVL246-FR2 and USVL252-FR2 were released in 2012 by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Wechter et al. 2012). These lines are each highly uniform for growth characteri...

Polizei-Compliance / Frank Braun, Florian Albrecht

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Braun, Frank

2015-01-01

Normide ja seaduste järgimisest politsei tegevuses ning vastavussüsteemi juurutamisest politseiorganisatsioonis tegevuse läbipaistvamaks muutmiseks, halduse optimeerimiseks ja kodanike usalduse suurendamiseks

Wir zeigen andere Bilder von Frauen ...

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bettina Rulofs

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet die Bedeutung der Geschlechterordnung im Prozess der sportmedialen Kommunikation. Im Kern geht es um die Frage, inwiefern im Prozess der medialen Vermittlung von Sport traditionelle Geschlechterstereotype aufrechterhalten werden oder Möglichkeiten der Irritation solcher Stereotype bestehen. Dazu werden verschiedene Ebenen des massenmedialen Kommunikationsprozesses in den Blick genommen: die Medienprodukte, die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Selbst-Präsentation der Sportler/innen, die Medienrezeption und die Herstellungsprozesse von Medien in den Sportredaktionen. This article illustrates the relevance of gender in processes of sports media communication. The question in focus is in what way traditional gender stereotypes are perpetuated in the process of media communication in sport and how such stereotypes can be irritated. Therefore different levels of mass media communication are considered: the media products, the public relations of athletes and the presentation of themselves as athletes, the media-reception and the production processes in sport departments of media institutions.

Tandem for power generation. New sandwich concentrator cell with over 30% efficiency; Im Tandem Strom erzeugen. Neue Mehrschicht-Konzentratorzelle erzielt ueber 30% Wirkungsgrad

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

2000-11-01

The Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme at Freiburg, Germany, claims a 'best ever' efficiency of a monolithic tandem concentrator solar cell with a sandwich structure based on gallium-indium arsenide and gallium-indium phosphide. The new solar cell can be produced in a single process based on an Aixtron AG (Aachen, Germany) separator which is also used for industrial production of solar cells for aerospace applications. [German] Das Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme in Freiburg hat einen neuen Wirkungsgradrekord fuer monolithische Tandem-Konzentratorsolarzellen gemeldet. Die Wissenschaftler am Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme (Fraunhofer ISE) haben neue Schichtstrukturen auf der Basis von Gallium-Indium-Arsenid und Gallium-Inidum-Phosphid entwickelt. Die neue Solarzelle kann in einem einzigen Prozess hergestellt werden. Fuer diesen Prozess setzen die Freiburger Solarzellenforscher eine Abscheideanlage der Firma Aixtron AG aus Aachen ein, wie sie auch in der Industrie zur Herstellung von Solarzellen fuer Anwendungen im Weltraum genutzt wird. (orig.)

Combined expander-compressor for carbon dioxide in free piston design; Kombinierte Expansions-Kompressions-Maschine fuer Kohlendioxid in Freikolbenbauweise

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heyl, P.; Quack, H. [TU, Dresden (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Kaelte- und Kryotechnik; Kuehne, M. [TU, Dresden (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Pumpen, Verdichter und Apparate

2000-03-01

The renaissance of carbon dioxide in refrigeration engineering is impressive. The contribution shows that the disadvantages of this refrigerating fluid can be compensated by modifying the refrigeration circuit. A combined expander-compressor working by the free piston principle and developed at Dresden Technical University is described. [German] Kohlendioxid erlebt im Bereich der Kaeltetechnik infolge der schwierigen Suche nach umweltvertraeglichen Ersatzkaeltemitteln fuer die Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffe eine beeindruckende Renaissance. Es soll anhand thermodynamischer Prozessberechnungen gezeigt werden, dass durch die Modifikation des Kreisprozesses unter Beachtung der besonderen thermodynamischen Eigenschaften des Kohlendioxids diese Nachteile bereits bei der theoretischen Leistungszahl ausgeglichen werden koennen. Dafuer wird das Kohlendioxid in einem Prozess mit zweistufiger Verdichtung arbeitsleistend entspannt. Die Besonderheit dieses Prozesses ist die Verwendung einer speziell fuer diesen Anwendungsfall entwickelten Maschine, die die gewonnene Expansionsarbeit direkt fuer die Verdichtung des Kohlendioxids in der zweiten Verdichtungsstufe nutzt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine nach dem Freikolbenprinzip arbeitende Expansions-Kompressions-Maschine, die an der TU Dresden entwickelt und gegenwaertig getestet wird. (orig.)

f(R) gravity cosmology in scalar degree of freedom

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goswami, Umananda Dev; Deka, Kabita

2014-01-01

The models of f(R) gravity belong to an important class of modified gravity models where the late time cosmic accelerated expansion is considered as the manifestation of the large scale modification of the force of gravity. f(R) gravity models can be expressed in terms of a scalar degree of freedom by explicit redefinition of model's variable. Here we report about the study of the features of cosmological parameters and hence the cosmological evolution using the scalar degree of freedom of the f(R) = ξR n gravity model in the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) background

76 FR 27904 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Indiana

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-13

... Web site is an ``anonymous access'' system, which means EPA will not know your identity or contact... ``Qualified observer'' defined 9/26/1980 11/5/1981, 46 FR 54943. 1-2-62.1 ``Quench car'' defined 6/11/1993 6/15/1995, 60 FR 31412. 1-2-63 Quenching 9/26/1980 11/5/1981, 46 FR 54943. 1-2-63.1 ``Quench reservoir...

75 FR 6112 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Georgia: Update to Materials...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-08

...) Incinerators........ 6/15/98 12/2/99, 64 FR 67491 391-3-1-.02(2)(d) Fuel-burning 1/17/79 9/18/79, 44 FR 54047...-.02(2)(aa) VOC Emissions from 1/9/91 10/13/92, 57 FR 46780 Wire Coating. 391-3-1-.02(2)(bb) Petroleum...)(lll) NOX Emissions from 2/16/00 7/10/01, 66 FR 35906 Fuel-burning Equipment. 391-3-1-.02(2)(mmm) NOX...

eCl rate at ss, a tool for the support of processes in eCommerce, materials management and plant documentation in view of process control; eCl rate at ss - ein Werkzeug zur Unterstuetzung der Prozesse im eCommerce, der Materialwirtschaft und der Anlagendokumentation, bezogen auf das PLT-Gewerk

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eibl, M.; Westphal, D.; Zgorzelski, P. [Bayer AG, Leverkusen (Germany); Kaptein, U. [Degussa-Huels AG, Marl (Germany). Konzernbereich Beschaffung und Logistik; Rudolf, H.J. [ATplan Ges. fuer Planung in der Automatisierungstechnik mbH, Leverkusen (Germany)

2000-07-01

The increasing electronic exchange of data for the description of goods between different areas of an enterprise and between enterprises leads to the necessity to standardise data structures. This was the impact for the development of a classification system including attribute lists for products, goods and services. As a part of this project, a classification system and sets of attributes for process engineering and process control equipment for the purposes of procurement and technical materials management were developed. In a project of German enterprises a classification with sets of attributes was developed, which enables a simplification of the processes in the enterprise and beyond its boundaries in different applications up to eCommerce. The structure is called 'eCl rate at ss'. With the sets of attributes and the classification hierarchy of eCl rate at ss goods can be described in a standardised way. (orig.) [German] Der zunehmende elektronische Austausch von Daten zur Beschreibung von Guetern zwischen verschiedenen Bereichen eines Unternehmens und zwischen den Unternehmen fuehrt zu der Notwendigkeit, Datenstrukturen zu standardisieren. Dies war der Anstoss zur Erarbeitung einer einheitlichen Klassifikation mit Merkmalleisten fuer Produkte, Gueter und Dienstleistungen, darunter auch fuer verfahrenstechnische und prozessleittechnische Geraete, fuer die Zwecke der Beschaffung und der technischen Materialwirtschaft. In einem Projekt der deutschen Wirtschaft wurde eine Klassifikation mit Merkmalleisten entwickelt, die in verschiedenen Anwendungen bis hin zu eCommerce eine Vereinfachung der Prozesse im Unternehmen und ueber seine Grenzen hinaus ermoeglicht. Sie erhielt den Namen 'eCl rate at ss'. Mit den Merkmalleisten und der darueberliegenden Klassifikationshierarchie von eCl rate at ss koennen Gueter in einer standardisierten Art und Weise beschrieben werden. (orig.)

77 FR 59244 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Extension of Currently-Approved Information Collection...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-26

... September 30, 1998 (63 FR 52192). Pursuant to this authority, the BTS, now part of the Research and... transferred the responsibility for the F&OS program from BTS to FMCSA (69 FR 51009). On August 10, 2006 (71 FR... financial and statistical reporting regulations of BTS formerly located in chapter XI of title 49 CFR to...

Reduction of FR900525 using an S-(2-aminoethyl) l-cysteine-resistant mutant.

Science.gov (United States)

Shimizu, Shiho; Futase, Ayako; Yokoyama, Tatsuya; Ueda, Satoshi; Honda, Hiroyuki

2017-06-01

FK506 (tacrolimus), a macrolide compound with immunosuppressant activity, has been proven to have clinical importance and has been manufactured industrially since 1993 by using mutants with high FK506-production ability; these mutants have been developed from the wild strain Streptomyces tsukubaensis No. 9993. FR900525 is one of the by-products of FK506 production. However, there was no effective industrial method to separate FR900525 from FK506 due to the structural similarity between the two compounds. Therefore, reducing the level of FR900525 was a serious problem in the industrial strain A. In this study, we aimed to reduce the FR900525 production. We first determined that pipecolic acid level was a critical parameter for controlling FR900525 production in strain A. S-(2-Aminoethyl) l-cysteine (AEC)-resistant mutants has been reported to increase lysine productivity successfully in a variety of lysine-producing microorganisms. Therefore, next, we applied a selection of AEC-resistant mutants to enhance pipecolic acid biosynthesis. Finally, four AEC-resistant mutants were obtained from strain A using ultraviolet irradiation, and three of them showed less FR900525 productivity compared to the parental strain A. Our findings indicated that AEC resistance was effective phenotype marker for increasing pipecolic acid productivity and for reducing FR900525 production in S. tsukubaensis. Thus, our study provides an efficient method for reducing FR90025 level during FK506 biosynthesis. Copyright © 2017 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Multidimensional evaluation on FR cycle systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakai, Ryodai; Fujii, Sumio; Takakuma, Katsuyuki; Katoh, Atsushi; Ono, Kiyoshi; Ohtaki, Akira; Shiotani, Hiroki

2004-01-01

This report explains some results of the multidimensional evaluation on various fast reactor cycle system concepts from an interim report of the 2nd phase of ''Feasibility Study on Commercialized FR Cycle System''. This method is designed to give more objective and more quantitative evaluations to clarify commercialized system candidate concepts. Here we brief current evaluation method from the five viewpoints of safety, economy, environment, resource and non-proliferation, with some trial evaluation results for some cycles consist of promising technologies in reactor, core and fuel, reprocessing and fuel manufacture. Moreover, we describe FR cycle deployment scenarios which describe advantages and disadvantages of the cycles from the viewpoints of uranium resource and radioactive waste based on long-term nuclear material mass flow analyses and advantages of the deployment of FR cycle itself from the viewpoints of the comparison with alternative power supplies as well as cost and benefit. (author)

A=225 implantation for $^{221}$Fr source for TRIUMF atom trap

CERN Multimedia

The FrPNC Collaboration is mounting an atom trap for parity violation experiments and precision spectroscopy on francium atoms at TRIUMF's ISAC facility. We would like to use ISOLDE's capability of simultaneously implanting A=225 (while another experiment runs online) to make a long-lived source feeding $^{221}$Fr for tests of the trap. $^{225}$Ra $\\beta$-decays to $^{225}$Ac, which then $\\alpha$-decays, producing 100 keV $^{221}$Fr t$_{1/2}$= 4.8 minute recoils. The implanted A=225 source would be shipped to TRIUMF, where it would be held for several minutes at a time a few mm from the same yttrium foil that normally receives the ISAC beam. SRIM calculations imply that 20% of the $^{221}$Fr will be implanted in a 1 cm diameter spot on the yttrium. Then the yttrium foil is moved to the trap and heated to release the Fr atoms, just as in normal ISAC online operation. A test implantation will be done at 10$^{7}$/sec production for 1 day, testing whether carbon cracking on the implantation foil in the mass separ...

Oxygen Transport Membranes: A Material Science and Process Engineering Approach

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Chen, Wei

2014-01-01

This thesis describes several fundamental aspects on the membrane-integrated oxy-fuel combustion process and can be divided in two parts: 1) The development and characterization of membrane materials; 2) The design, simulation and evaluation of a coal-fired power plant, coupled with a membrane

Geschlechtergeschichte als Zugang zur deutsch-jüdischen Geschichte Gender History as Point of Entry to German-Jewish History

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kristiane Gerhardt

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Mit der sukzessiven Erosion des rabbinischen Normensystems und im Prozess der Verbürgerlichung, so die grundlegende These dieser Arbeit, wurden jüdische Frauen seit dem frühen 19. Jahrhundert nicht nur stärker als zuvor in die religiöse Kultur und Praxis integriert. Gleichermaßen gewannen auch Konzepte von Weiblichkeit entscheidend an Bedeutung für die Neuorientierung eines Judaismus bürgerlicher Prägung. Auf breiter Quellenbasis werden in Gender, Judaism and Bourgeois Culture in Germany, 1800–1870 die soziale und religiöse Praxis dieses historischen Wandels, die Programme und Auseinandersetzungen, aber auch die Grenzen dieser Neudefinitionen analysiert.The basic thesis of this work is that during the course of the successive erosion of the Rabbinical system of norms and the process of gentrification, Jewish women have become ever more strongly integrated into religious culture and practice since the early 19th century. Concurrently, the concept of femininity took on a decisive meaning for the new orientation of bourgeois-leaning Judaism. The book Gender, Judaism and Bourgeois Culture in Germany, 1800–1870, analyses the social and religious practice of this historical change, the programs and conflicts as well as the limits of these new definitions based on a broad selection of sources.

78 FR 34120 - Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Issuance of Permits

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-06

..., 2012 October 22, 2012. 73893A A.C. Ranch 77 FR 46514; August 3, September 27, 2012. 2012. 75535A Dub...; August 3, September 27, 2012. 2012. 75592A Dub Wallace Ranch LLC..... 77 FR 46514; August 3, September 27...

Further characterization of a highly attenuated Yersinia pestis CO92 mutant deleted for the genes encoding Braun lipoprotein and plasminogen activator protease in murine alveolar and primary human macrophages.

Science.gov (United States)

van Lier, Christina J; Tiner, Bethany L; Chauhan, Sadhana; Motin, Vladimir L; Fitts, Eric C; Huante, Matthew B; Endsley, Janice J; Ponnusamy, Duraisamy; Sha, Jian; Chopra, Ashok K

2015-03-01

We recently characterized the Δlpp Δpla double in-frame deletion mutant of Yersinia pestis CO92 molecularly, biologically, and immunologically. While Braun lipoprotein (Lpp) activates toll-like receptor-2 to initiate an inflammatory cascade, plasminogen activator (Pla) protease facilitates bacterial dissemination in the host. The Δlpp Δpla double mutant was highly attenuated in evoking bubonic and pneumonic plague, was rapidly cleared from mouse organs, and generated humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to provide subsequent protection to mice against a lethal challenge dose of wild-type (WT) CO92. Here, we further characterized the Δlpp Δpla double mutant in two murine macrophage cell lines as well as in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages to gauge its potential as a live-attenuated vaccine candidate. We first demonstrated that the Δpla single and the Δlpp Δpla double mutant were unable to survive efficiently in murine and human macrophages, unlike WT CO92. We observed that the levels of Pla and its associated protease activity were not affected in the Δlpp single mutant, and, likewise, deletion of the pla gene from WT CO92 did not alter Lpp levels. Further, our study revealed that both Lpp and Pla contributed to the intracellular survival of WT CO92 via different mechanisms. Importantly, the ability of the Δlpp Δpla double mutant to be phagocytized by macrophages, to stimulate production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, and to activate the nitric oxide killing pathways of the host cells remained unaltered when compared to the WT CO92-infected macrophages. Finally, macrophages infected with either the WT CO92 or the Δlpp Δpla double mutant were equally efficient in their uptake of zymosan particles as determined by flow cytometric analysis. Overall, our data indicated that although the Δlpp Δpla double mutant of Y. pestis CO92 was highly attenuated, it retained the ability to elicit innate and subsequent acquired immune

Polonium-210 and lead-210 in the Southern Polar Ocean: Naturally occurring tracers of biological and hydrographical processes in the surface waters of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Weddell Sea; Polonium-210 und Blei-210 im Suedpolarmeer: Natuerliche Tracer fuer biologische und hydrographische Prozesse im Oberflaechenwasser des Antarktischen Zirkumpolarstroms und des Weddellmeeres

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Friedrich, J.

1997-11-01

In this thesis the distribution of {sup 210}Po and {sup 210}Pb in the upper 600 m of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Weddell Sea was investigated along north-south transects in austral spring and autumn. {sup 210}Po and {sup 210}Pb can serve as sensitive tracers for the special hydrographic conditions of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Weddell Sea as well as for biological processes during phytoplankton blooms. The {sup 210}Po/{sup 210}Pb disequilibrium was used as a tracer for particle export. This tracer integrates export on a timescale of 276 days because of the 138 day half-life of {sup 210}Po and complements the {sup 234}Th/{sup 238}U disequilibrium as another tracer for plankton production and export on a shorter timescale of several weeks. (orig.) [Deutsch] In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Verteilung von Blei-210 und seinem Enkelnuklid Polonium-210 im Antarktischen Zirkumpolarstrom und im Weddellmeer bis 600 m Tiefe in mehreren meridionalen Transekten im australen Fruehjahr und Herbst waehrend der `Polarstern`-Expeditionen ANT-X/6 und ANT-XI/4 untersucht. Die Verteilung von {sup 210}Pb und {sup 210}Po wird von mehreren Faktoren beeinflusst, sowohl durch die Advektion von Wassermassen im Antarktischen Zirkumpolarstrom und im Weddellmeer als auch von biologischen Prozessen z.B. innerhalb einer Planktonbluete. Bevor die Verteilungsmuster von {sup 210}Pb und {sup 210}Po jedoch als Tracer fuer einen Prozess genutzt werden koennen, muss der Effekt der einzelnen Faktoren auf die Verteilung betrachtet werden. (orig.)

Der II. Hauptsatz der Wärmelehre

Science.gov (United States)

Heintze, Joachim

Wir haben in (4.44) den II. Hauptsatz als empirische Tatsache folgendermaßen formuliert: (i) Wärmeenergie geht von selbst nur von einem wärmeren Körper auf einen kälteren über, niemals in der umgekehrten Richtung. Nun werden wir beweisen, dass sich aus diesem Prinzip folgende äquivalente Formulierungen für den II. Hauptsatz ableiten lassen: (ii) Es ist unmöglich, ein Perpetuum mobile zweiter Art zu bauen, d. h. eine Maschine, die fortlaufend Wärmeenergie vollständig in mechanische Arbeit umsetzen kann. Eine Wärmekraftmaschine, die einen Kreisprozess mit der höchsten Temperatur Tw und der niedrigsten Temperatur Tk durchläuft, hat höchstens den Carnotschen Wirkungsgrad c = (Tw - Tk)/Tw. Wenn in der Maschine nur reversible Prozesse ablaufen, die gesamte Wärmezufuhr bei der Temperatur Tw erfolgt und ausschließlich bei der Temperatur Tw gekühlt wird, ist ihr Wirkungsgrad = C. Es gibt keine Wärmekraftmaschine, die eine bessere Ausnutzung der Wärmeenergie ermöglicht. (iv) In jedem thermodynamischen System existiert die Zustandsgröße Entropie, definiert durch ihr Differential dS = (dQrev)/T . Entropie kann erzeugt, aber nicht vernichtet werden. Bei Zustandsänderungen, die in einem abgeschlossenen System ablaufen, nimmt die Entropie entweder zu (irreversible Prozesse), oder sie bleibt konstant (reversible Prozesse). Im Anschluss an (iii) werden wir zur Definition der thermodynamischen Temperatur und bei der Diskussion von (iv) zu einem tieferen Verständnis der Entropie gelangen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Entropie das eigentliche Bindeglied zwischen Mechanik und Wärmelehre darstellt. Am Ende des Kapitels werden wir einige Anwendungen des II. Hauptsatzes betrachten.

Possible antigravity regions in F(R) theory?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bamba, Kazuharu, E-mail: bamba@kmi.nagoya-u.ac.jp [Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602 (Japan); Nojiri, Shin' ichi, E-mail: nojiri@phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp [Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602 (Japan); Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602 (Japan); Odintsov, Sergei D., E-mail: odintsov@ieec.uab.es [Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602 (Japan); Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona (Spain); Institut de Ciencies de l' Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Facultat de Ciencies, Torre C5-Par-2a pl, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) (Spain); Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Kievskaya Avenue, 60, 634061, Tomsk (Russian Federation); Sáez-Gómez, Diego, E-mail: diego.saezgomez@uct.ac.za [Astrophysics, Cosmology and Gravity Centre (ACGC) and Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town (South Africa); Fisika Teorikoaren eta Zientziaren Historia Saila, Zientzia eta Teknologia Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 Posta Kutxatila, 48080 Bilbao (Spain)

2014-03-07

We construct an F(R) gravity theory corresponding to the Weyl invariant two scalar field theory. We investigate whether such F(R) gravity can have the antigravity regions where the Weyl curvature invariant does not diverge at the Big Bang and Big Crunch singularities. It is revealed that the divergence cannot be evaded completely but can be much milder than that in the original Weyl invariant two scalar field theory.

Holographic dark energy and f(R) gravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aghamohammadi, A [Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj, Sanandaj (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Saaidi, Kh, E-mail: ksaaidi@uok.ac.ir, E-mail: agha35484@yahoo.com [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2011-02-15

We investigate the corresponding relation between f(R) gravity and holographic dark energy. We introduce a type of energy density from f(R) that has the same role as holographic dark energy. We obtain the differential equation that specifies the evolution of the introduced energy density parameter based on a varying gravitational constant. We discover the relation for the equation of state parameter for low redshifts that contains varying G correction.

Possible antigravity regions in F(R) theory?

Science.gov (United States)

Bamba, Kazuharu; Nojiri, Shin'ichi; Odintsov, Sergei D.; Sáez-Gómez, Diego

2014-03-01

We construct an F(R) gravity theory corresponding to the Weyl invariant two scalar field theory. We investigate whether such F(R) gravity can have the antigravity regions where the Weyl curvature invariant does not diverge at the Big Bang and Big Crunch singularities. It is revealed that the divergence cannot be evaded completely but can be much milder than that in the original Weyl invariant two scalar field theory.

Possible antigravity regions in F(R) theory?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bamba, Kazuharu; Nojiri, Shin'ichi; Odintsov, Sergei D.; Sáez-Gómez, Diego

2014-01-01

We construct an F(R) gravity theory corresponding to the Weyl invariant two scalar field theory. We investigate whether such F(R) gravity can have the antigravity regions where the Weyl curvature invariant does not diverge at the Big Bang and Big Crunch singularities. It is revealed that the divergence cannot be evaded completely but can be much milder than that in the original Weyl invariant two scalar field theory.

78 FR 48932 - Proposed Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-12

... make corresponding revisions to the Consolidated Financial Statements for Holding Companies (FR Y-9C... Parent Company Only Financial Statements for Holding Companies (FR Y-9SP). DATES: Comments must be... the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC), have approved the publication for...

Cosmological reconstruction of realistic modified F(R) gravities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nojiri, Shin'ichi; Odintsov, Sergei D.; Saez-Gomez, Diego

2009-01-01

The cosmological reconstruction scheme for modified F(R) gravity is developed in terms of e-folding (or, redshift). It is demonstrated how any FRW cosmology may emerge from specific F(R) theory. The specific examples of well-known cosmological evolution are reconstructed, including ΛCDM cosmology, deceleration with transition to phantom superacceleration era which may develop singularity or be transient. The application of this scheme to viable F(R) gravities unifying inflation with dark energy era is proposed. The additional reconstruction of such models leads to non-leading gravitational correction mainly relevant at the early/late universe and helping to pass the cosmological bounds (if necessary). It is also shown how cosmological reconstruction scheme may be generalized in the presence of scalar field.

77 FR 24762 - Mitsubishi Motors North America, Inc., Grant of Petition for Decision of Inconsequential...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-25

... instruction standards. Refer to Hyundai Motor Company (74 FR 9125, March 2, 209); Ford Motor Company (73 FR 11462, March 3, 2008); Mazda North America Operations (73 FR 11464, March 3, 2008); Ford Motor Company...-0176; Notice 2] Mitsubishi Motors North America, Inc., Grant of Petition for Decision of...

Computing the Fréchet distance between folded polygons

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cook IV, A.F.; Driemel, A.; Sherette, J.; Wenk, C.

2015-01-01

Computing the Fréchet distance for surfaces is a surprisingly hard problem and the only known polynomial-time algorithm is limited to computing it between flat surfaces. We study the problem of computing the Fréchet distance for a class of non-flat surfaces called folded polygons. We present a

78 FR 71565 - Secretarial Infrastructure Business Development Mission to Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

2013-11-29

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Office of Business Liaison Secretarial Infrastructure Business Development... amending the Notice published at 78 FR 48855, August 12, 2013, regarding the Secretarial Infrastructure..., Trade Program Assistant. [FR Doc. 2013-28579 Filed 11-27-13; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3510-FP-P ...

75 FR 63181 - Proposed Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-14

... recordkeeping requirement for brokers and dealers to document the purpose of their loans secured by margin stock.... The purpose statements, FR U-1 and FR G-3, are recordkeeping requirements for brokers and dealers... FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM Proposed Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request AGENCY...

Klare Regeln - effiziente und effektive FMEA-Anwendung

OpenAIRE

Schloske, Alexander

2014-01-01

Der Vortrag beschreibt klare Regeln zur effizienten und effektiven FMEA-Anwendung. - Denkmodelle für die verschiedenen FMEA-Arten (System-FMEA, Konstruktions-FMEA, Prozess-FMEA) - Anwendungsbereiche und FMEA-Planung - Strukturierung von FMEAs - Funktionen, Produktmerkmale und Prozessmerkmale - Risikoanalyse - Maßnahmendefinition - Risikobewertung - Präsentation von FMEAs - FMEA als "lebendes Dokument".

Physik gestern und heute Spurensuche

Science.gov (United States)

Engels, Wolfgang; Heering, Peter

2005-01-01

Im Jahre 1927 erhielt Charles Thomson Rees Wilson für die von ihm entwickelte Methode zur Visualisierung der Spuren ionisierender Strahlung den Nobelpreis für Physik. Die nach ihm benannte Nebelkammer wurde in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts zu einem Standardinstrument für Untersuchungen subatomarer Prozesse.

Evaluation methodology and prospective introduction scenarios of FR cycle systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujii, Sumio; Katoh, Atsushi; Sato, Kazujiro

2003-01-01

The 21st century society will be facing growing demand of energy, global environmental issues and concerns about fossil fuel exhaustion. In this society, it is essential to seek for a sustainable energy system to solve these energy-related concerns. In order to find ways for solving these problems, 'Feasibility Study on Commercialized FR Cycle System' was launched in 1999 as a joint research project of JNC, electric utilities, JAERI, CRIEPI etc. This project aims to build promising FR cycle technologies for the 21st century. Now, we are in the second phase (JFY 2001-2005) of this project. At the end of the second phase, we will propose promising concepts through applying innovative technologies. We started this Feasibility Study with defining the development target, which ended in five items; safety, economy, environmental burden, resource utilization and nuclear non-proliferation. These items should also serve as basic viewpoints to evaluate achievements of the study. This paper describes how we evaluate FR cycle options to come up with the final promising candidates. This paper also describes a prospective scenario to introduce FR cycle system, which shows how the FR cycle will be replacing existing LWRs by using limited natural uranium resource and spent fuels. (author)

75 FR 58305 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Indiana; Revised Format for...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-24

... monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations, Lead, Nitrogen dioxide... 60735 Sec. 6. 7/31/2009 11/20/2009, 74 FR 60197 Sec. 3. 1-2 Definitions 9/26/1980 11/5/1981, 46 FR 54943.../2009, 74 FR 52891.... Paragraph (c). and Marion Cos. 2009 Chicago Hydrocarbon Control Strategy..... 8...

General proof of the entropy principle for self-gravitating fluid in f(R) gravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fang, Xiongjun [Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures andQuantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University,Changsha, Hunan 410081 (China); Guo, Minyong [Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875 (China); Jing, Jiliang [Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures andQuantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University,Changsha, Hunan 410081 (China)

2016-08-29

The discussions on the connection between gravity and thermodynamics attract much attention recently. We consider a static self-gravitating perfect fluid system in f(R) gravity, which is an important theory could explain the accelerated expansion of the universe. We first show that the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation of f(R) theories can be obtained by thermodynamical method in spherical symmetric spacetime. Then we prove that the maximum entropy principle is also valid for f(R) gravity in general static spacetimes beyond spherical symmetry. The result shows that if the constraint equation is satisfied and the temperature of fluid obeys Tolmans law, the extrema of total entropy implies other components of gravitational equations. Conversely, if f(R) gravitational equation hold, the total entropy of the fluid should be extremum. Our work suggests a general and solid connection between f(R) gravity and thermodynamics.

75 FR 6151 - Chartering and Field of Membership for Federal Credit Unions

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-08

... the terms ``rural district'' and ``in danger of insolvency'' for emergency merger purposes. 74 FR... the term ``in danger of insolvency'' for emergency merger purposes. 74 FR 68722 (December 29, 2009...

Robust approach to f(R) gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jaime, Luisa G.; Patino, Leonardo; Salgado, Marcelo

2011-01-01

We consider metric f(R) theories of gravity without mapping them to their scalar-tensor counterpart, but using the Ricci scalar itself as an ''extra'' degree of freedom. This approach avoids then the introduction of a scalar-field potential that might be ill defined (not single valued). In order to explicitly show the usefulness of this method, we focus on static and spherically symmetric spacetimes and deal with the recent controversy about the existence of extended relativistic objects in certain class of f(R) models.

77 FR 35021 - Kwan Bo Jin, M.D.; Decision and Order

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-12

...] DEA registration is not appropriate.'' Anibal P. Herrera, M.D., 61 FR 65,075, 65,078 (DEA 1996); see... ``there were serious questions as to the integrity of the registrant.'' Anibal P. Herrera, M.D., 61 FR 65...

Galaxy-galaxy weak gravitational lensing in f(R) gravity

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Baojiu; Shirasaki, Masato

2018-03-01

We present an analysis of galaxy-galaxy weak gravitational lensing (GGL) in chameleon f(R) gravity - a leading candidate of non-standard gravity models. For the analysis, we have created mock galaxy catalogues based on dark matter haloes from two sets of numerical simulations, using a halo occupation distribution (HOD) prescription which allows a redshift dependence of galaxy number density. To make a fairer comparison between the f(R) and Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) models, their HOD parameters are tuned so that the galaxy two-point correlation functions in real space (and therefore the projected two-point correlation functions) match. While the f(R) model predicts an enhancement of the convergence power spectrum by up to ˜ 30 per cent compared to the standard ΛCDM model with the same parameters, the maximum enhancement of GGL is only half as large and less than 5 per cent on separations above ˜1-2 h-1 Mpc, because the latter is a cross-correlation of shear (or matter, which is more strongly affected by modified gravity) and galaxy (which is weakly affected given the good match between galaxy autocorrelations in the two models) fields. We also study the possibility of reconstructing the matter power spectrum by combination of GGL and galaxy clustering in f(R) gravity. We find that the galaxy-matter cross-correlation coefficient remains at unity down to ˜2-3 h-1 Mpc at relevant redshifts even in f(R) gravity, indicating joint analysis of GGL and galaxy clustering can be a powerful probe of matter density fluctuations in chameleon gravity. The scale dependence of the model differences in their predictions of GGL can potentially allows us to break the degeneracy between f(R) gravity and other cosmological parameters such as Ωm and σ8.

77 FR 67816 - Proposed Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-14

... complements the triennial Survey of Foreign Exchange and Derivatives Market Activity (FR 3036; OMB No. 7100... Derivative Market Activity. Agency form number: FR 3036. OMB control number: 7100-0285. Frequency: One-time... derivatives market and dealers. Estimated annual reporting hours: Turnover Survey, 2,275 hours; Outstandings...

The holographic bound in the scalar-tensor and f(R) gravities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Firouzjaee, J.T.

2013-01-01

The holographic bound has been extended to the different theory of gravities such as scalar-tensor gravity and f(R) gravity according to the Noether charge definition of the entropy for a black hole surface. We have introduced some popular examples of the flat FRW cosmology in order to investigate holographic bound in scalar-tensor and f(R) gravity. Using the holographic bound, we put an additional constraint on scalar-tensor gravity and the f(R) gravity parameters. We also discuss the transformation from Jordan frame to Einstein frame. (orig.)

Late-time cosmological approach in mimetic f(R, T) gravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baffou, E.H. [Institut de Mathematiques et de Sciences Physiques (IMSP), Porto-Novo (Benin); Houndjo, M.J.S. [Institut de Mathematiques et de Sciences Physiques (IMSP), Porto-Novo (Benin); Faculte des Sciences et Techniques de Natitingou, Natitingou (Benin); Hamani-Daouda, M. [Universite de Niamey, Departement de Physique, Niamey (Niger); Alvarenga, F.G. [Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciencias Naturais, CEUNES, Sao Mateus, ES (Brazil)

2017-10-15

In this paper, we investigate the late-time cosmic acceleration in mimetic f(R, T) gravity with the Lagrange multiplier and potential in a Universe containing, besides radiation and dark energy, a self-interacting (collisional) matter. We obtain through the modified Friedmann equations the main equation that can describe the cosmological evolution. Then, with several models from Q(z) and the well-known particular model f(R, T), we perform an analysis of the late-time evolution. We examine the behavior of the Hubble parameter, the dark energy equation of state and the total effective equation of state and in each case we compare the resulting picture with the non-collisional matter (assumed as dust) and also with the collisional matter in mimetic f(R, T) gravity. The results obtained are in good agreement with the observational data and show that in the presence of the collisional matter the dark energy oscillations in mimetic f(R, T) gravity can be damped. (orig.)

Digitization of instrumentation and control in nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hofmann, A.; Buschhorn, W.; Pache, K.; Kimmel, W.; Hoeing, M.

1997-01-01

Unit 1 of the Chooz NPP was connected to the grid in August 1996. Unit 2 will soon be connected. In the western part of the center of France, not far from the town Poitiers, there is an identical construction site where likewise two NPP units are being erected. The French firm Sema Group is the supplier of the control and monitoring system (KIC) and as the prime contractor also is responsible for coordination of work and cooperation with the firm Hartmann and Braun. Hartmann and Braun developed the Contronic E automation system and are one of the major instrumentation and control suppliers for these units. (orig./DG) [de

76 FR 65653 - New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Review

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-24

... current within their review cycle, there are also multiple standards in different phases of the review... Rock Plants NN 04/16/1982 (47FR16589) 10/17/2000 3 4 (65FR61760) Polymeric Coating of Supporting VVV 09... whether review of a particular NSPS is necessary during the review cycle. A listing of any NSPS for which...

Natura2000 : Information und Kommunikation über die Ausweisung und die Pflege von Natura2000 Schutsgebieten : Zusammenfassung Hauptbericht 1: die Ausweisung in 27 EU Mitgliedsstaten

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Apeldoorn, van R.C.; Kruk, R.W.; Bouwma, I.M.; Ferranti, F.; Blust, De G.; Sier, A.R.J.

2010-01-01

Die Europäischen Kommission (EK) möchte die Mitgliedsstaaten unterstützen und den Austausch von Wissen, Information und Praxiserfahrung fördern: sowohl über den Prozess der Ausweisung von Vogelschutz- und FFH- Gebieten, als über mögliche Schutzmassnahmen und Instrumente für diese Gebiete in den

Integration of oxygen membranes for oxygen production in cement plants

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Puig Arnavat, Maria; Søgaard, Martin; Hjuler, Klaus

2015-01-01

The present paper describes the integration of oxygen membranes in cement plants both from an energy, exergy and economic point of view. Different configurations for oxygen enrichment of the tertiary air for combustion in the pre-calciner and full oxy-fuel combustion in both pre-calciner and kiln...

78 FR 17108 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; State of Washington; Revised Format for...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-20

...), EPA revised the procedures for IBR'ing Federally-approved SIPs, as a result of consultations between... Violations--Notices 9/8/93 2/22/95, 60 FR 9778 132 Criminal Penalty 11/13/94 10/24/95, 60 FR 54439 133 Civil............ Regulatory Actions & Civil 9/21/95 2/26/97, 62 FR 8624......... Penalties. 400-240......... Criminal...

78 FR 61348 - Environmental Management Site-Specific Advisory Board, Portsmouth

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-03

...On September 16, 2013, in FR Doc. 2013-22453, on page 56871, the Department of Energy (DOE) published a notice of open meeting announcing a meeting on October 2, 2013 of the Environmental Management Site-Specific Advisory Board, Portsmouth (78 FR 56871). This notice announces the cancellation of this meeting.

78 FR 38976 - Proposed Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-28

...)). Abstract: The Federal Reserve proposes to implement the mandatory Report of Selected Money Market Rates (FR... used in the analysis of current money market conditions. The FR 2420 would collect data for three.... Excluded from Eurodollar transactions are: Demand deposits (as defined on the Schedule E of the Call Report...

77 FR 26777 - Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Issuance of Permits

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-07

... not operate to the disadvantage of the endangered species, and (3) The granted permit would be..., 2012. 64654A Double Springs 77 FR 6816; March 14, 2012. Partnership Ltd. February 9, 2012. 64656A Double Springs 77 FR 6816; March 14, 2012. Partnership Ltd. February 9, 2012. 64723A Larry Friesenhahn...

75 FR 47797 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-09

... Officer, Department of Defense. Deletion: S330.40 CAHS System name: Employee Assistance Program Records (August 27, 1999; 64 FR 46889). Reason: This collection is covered under the existing DHHS/FOH EAP Privacy notice 09-90-0010, entitled ``Employee Assistance Program (EAP) Records, HHS/OS/ASAM/OHR.'' [FR Doc. 2010...

Characterisation of perovskite-type high-temperature membranes used for oxygen supply in fossil fuelled power plant processes; Charakterisierung perowskitischer Hochtemperaturmembranen zur Sauerstoffbereitstellung fuer fossil gefeuerte Kraftwerksprozesse

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moebius, Sigrid Annett

2010-03-12

In this thesis thermochemical properties of mixed conducting perovskite-type materials were investigated. Those materials are assumed to be applicable as gas separation membranes in the oxyfuel process. Here, the materials are aimed to produce the required oxygen for the combustion more energy-efficient than using cryogenic air separation. High-temperature materials which are applicable for this purpose must be gastight and should exhibit a high oxygen permeation rate and a preferably low thermal expansion coefficient. Moreover, the materials need to be long-term stable under power plant relevant conditions. The aim of this work is a better understanding of the material behaviour. Furthermore, on the basis of the results it should be possible to draw conclusions concerning the suitability of the material for application in oxyfuel power plant processes. Therefor, the influence of the chemical composition (doping elements and stoichiometry) of the perovskites, the temperature and the oxygen content in the ambient atmosphere on the thermochemical properties are studied systematically. In the framework of this thesis it could be stated that the thermochemical behaviour of prospective membrane materials strongly depends on the above mentioned parameters. In addition, the degradation behaviour (thermochemical stability) of the materials was investigated. The degradation behaviour influences the suitability of the material to be used in oxyfuel power plant processes. Here, the influence of the chemical composition of the perovskites, the temperature and the CO{sub 2}-concentration in dry and humid atmospheres was also studied. On the basis of the results it could be stated that the thermochemical stability strongly depends on the surrounding atmosphere and on the chemical composition of the perovskites. (orig.)

f(R) constant-roll inflation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Motohashi, Hayato [Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Valencia (Spain); Starobinsky, Alexei A. [L.D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, RAS, Moscow (Russian Federation); National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow (Russian Federation)

2017-08-15

The previously introduced class of two-parametric phenomenological inflationary models in general relativity in which the slow-roll assumption is replaced by the more general, constant-roll condition is generalized to the case of f(R) gravity. A simple constant-roll condition is defined in the original Jordan frame, and exact expressions for a scalaron potential in the Einstein frame, for a function f(R) (in the parametric form) and for inflationary dynamics are obtained. The region of the model parameters permitted by the latest observational constraints on the scalar spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio of primordial metric perturbations generated during inflation is determined. (orig.)

76 FR 69333 - Derivatives Clearing Organization General Provisions and Core Principles

Science.gov (United States)

2011-11-08

... Management)); 75 FR 78185 (Dec. 15, 2010) (Core Principles J, K, L, and M (Information Management)); 75 FR... Parts 1, 21, 39 et al. Derivatives Clearing Organization General Provisions and Core Principles; Final... Derivatives Clearing Organization General Provisions and Core Principles AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading...

F(R Gravity’s Rainbow and Its Einstein Counterpart

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. H. Hendi

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Motivated by UV completion of general relativity with a modification of a geometry at high energy scale, it is expected to have an energy dependent geometry. In this paper, we introduce charged black hole solutions with power Maxwell invariant source in the context of gravity’s rainbow. In addition, we investigate two classes of F(R gravity’s rainbow solutions. At first, we study energy dependent F(R gravity without energy-momentum tensor, and then we obtain F(R gravity’s rainbow in the presence of conformally invariant Maxwell source. We study geometrical properties of the mentioned solutions and compare their results. We also give some related comments regarding thermodynamical behavior of the obtained solutions and discuss thermal stability of the solutions.

Cosmology of Horava-Lifshitz f(R) gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chakrabarti, Sayan K.; Sen, Anjan A.

2011-08-01

We discuss the cosmology of recently proposed Horava-Lifshitz f(R) gravity. In particular, we derive the modified Hubble equation that reduces to the standard HL gravity case in appropriate limit. We show how the bounce solutions in this theory are modified due to nonlinear effect of f(R) gravity. In addition we find that the solutions exist when the Universe can make turn around for large scale-factor. Therefore, in principle, the Universe in this set-up can show cyclic behavior. (orig.)

Cosmology of Horava-Lifshitz f(R) gravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chakrabarti, Sayan K. [Univ. Tecnica de Lisboa (Portugal). Inst. Superior Tecnico; Dutta, Koushik [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Sen, Anjan A. [Centre of Theoretical Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Dehli (India)

2011-08-15

We discuss the cosmology of recently proposed Horava-Lifshitz f(R) gravity. In particular, we derive the modified Hubble equation that reduces to the standard HL gravity case in appropriate limit. We show how the bounce solutions in this theory are modified due to nonlinear effect of f(R) gravity. In addition we find that the solutions exist when the Universe can make turn around for large scale-factor. Therefore, in principle, the Universe in this set-up can show cyclic behavior. (orig.)

The tadpole of Hypsiboas leptolineatus (Braun and Braun, 1977), a species in the Hypsiboas polytaenius clade (Anura; Hylidae)

OpenAIRE

Both,C.; Kwet,A.; Solé,M.

2007-01-01

The larval morphology of Hypsiboas leptolineatus was studied. The tadpole has an ovoid body in lateral view, wider than deep; snout rounded with dorsal reniform nostrils; spiracle sinistral with lateral wall attached to body; anal tube dextral; tail fins convex with acuminate tip; oral disc ventral; labial tooth row formula is 2(2)/3(1); moderately developed beaks with serrated jaw sheaths. These external oral features are compared with those of the known tadpoles in the Hypsiboas polytaenius...

75 FR 81349 - Change to the Reporting Date for Certain Data Elements Required Under the Mandatory Reporting of...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-27

... facilities. Ammonia Manufacturing 325311 Anhydrous and aqueous ammonia manufacturing facilities. Cement Production 327310 Portland Cement manufacturing plants. Electronics Manufacturing 334111 Microcomputers.... Ammonia Manufacturing......... G 74 FR 56260, Revised 11-24- 2010. Cement Production H 74 FR 56260, 75 FR...

Constraining f(R gravity in solar system, cosmology and binary pulsar systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tan Liu

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The f(R gravity can be cast into the form of a scalar–tensor theory, and scalar degree of freedom can be suppressed in high-density regions by the chameleon mechanism. In this article, for the general f(R gravity, using a scalar–tensor representation with the chameleon mechanism, we calculate the parametrized post-Newtonian parameters γ and β, the effective gravitational constant Geff, and the effective cosmological constant Λeff. In addition, for the general f(R gravity, we also calculate the rate of orbital period decay of the binary system due to gravitational radiation. Then we apply these results to specific f(R models (Hu–Sawicki model, Tsujikawa model and Starobinsky model and derive the constraints on the model parameters by combining the observations in solar system, cosmological scales and the binary systems.

Existence of relativistic stars in f(R) gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Upadhye, Amol; Hu, Wayne

2009-01-01

We refute recent claims in the literature that stars with relativistically deep potentials cannot exist in f(R) gravity. Numerical examples of stable stars, including relativistic (GM * /r * ∼0.1), constant density stars, are studied. As a star is made larger, nonlinear 'chameleon' effects screen much of the star's mass, stabilizing gravity at the stellar center. Furthermore, we show that the onset of this chameleon screening is unrelated to strong gravity. At large central pressures P>ρ/3, f(R) gravity, like general relativity, does have a maximum gravitational potential, but at a slightly smaller value: GM * /r * | max =0.345<4/9 for constant density and one choice of parameters. This difference is associated with negative central curvature R under general relativity not being accessed in the f(R) model, but does not apply to any known astrophysical object.

A viable logarithmic f(R) model for inflation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amin, M.; Khalil, S. [Center for Fundamental Physics, Zewail City of Science and Technology,6 October City, Giza (Egypt); Salah, M. [Center for Fundamental Physics, Zewail City of Science and Technology,6 October City, Giza (Egypt); Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University,Giza (Egypt)

2016-08-18

Inflation in the framework of f(R) modified gravity is revisited. We study the conditions that f(R) should satisfy in order to lead to a viable inflationary model in the original form and in the Einstein frame. Based on these criteria we propose a new logarithmic model as a potential candidate for f(R) theories aiming to describe inflation consistent with observations from Planck satellite (2015). The model predicts scalar spectral index 0.9615

Closed string tachyon driving f(R) cosmology

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Peng; Wu, Houwen; Yang, Haitang

2018-05-01

To study quantum effects on the bulk tachyon dynamics, we replace R with f(R) in the low-energy effective action that couples gravity, the dilaton, and the bulk closed string tachyon of bosonic closed string theory and study properties of their classical solutions. The α' corrections of the graviton-dilaton-tachyon system are implemented in the f(R). We obtain the tachyon-induced rolling solutions and show that the string metric does not need to remain fixed in some cases. In the case with H( t=‑∞ ) = , only the R and R2 terms in f(R) play a role in obtaining the rolling solutions with nontrivial metric. The singular behavior of more classical solutions are investigated and found to be modified by quantum effects. In particular, there could exist some classical solutions, in which the tachyon field rolls down from a maximum of the tachyon potential while the dilaton expectation value is always bounded from above during the rolling process.

77 FR 8002 - Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-13

... include requirements for public rights-of-way. Timetable: Action Date FR Cite Notice of Intent to Form...) Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities: Public Rights- of-Way. ARCHITECTURAL AND TRANSPORTATION... ferries, excursion boats, and other passenger vessels. Timetable: Action Date FR Cite Notice of Intent to...

Fr Luigi Giussani’s Concept of Education - an Outline

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alina Rynio

2011-09-01

Full Text Available This outline focuses on the multifarious academic, pedagogical and social activities of Fr Luigi Giussani, Professor of Theology, Italian thinker and scholar renowned for his numerous accomplishments. Due to his exceptional attentiveness, inquisitiveness and courage he has been certainly well-known and highly-regarded not only in university and ecclesiastical but also in the cultural and political spheres of life. The author of this study describes Fr Giussani as an exceptional scholar and educator emphasising the pedagogical aspect of his activities. The study explains his understanding of pedagogy and education. Selected achievements from his biography con fi rm Fr Giussani to be an exceptional human being, educator and scholar. As an educator, Fr Giussani holds a sober and realistic view of man and his formation: the true value of man, he claims, lies in being rational and free. Complete trust in God and great love for a human person de fi ne the most fundamental elements of his approach. The outline also includes a short biographical note and describes popular ways of education, formative events, the educators and educatee’s personality constituents, and the relationship between freedom, conscience, tradition and education.

76 FR 73604 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Science.gov (United States)

2011-11-29

... Defense. Deletion: K890.12 Identity Management (IDM) (March 18, 2010, 75 FR 13090). Reason: Due to policy... (SAAM) project (formerly known as Identity Management). [FR Doc. 2011-30698 Filed 11-28-11; 8:45 am... Docket Management System Office, 4800 Mark Center Drive, East Tower, 2nd floor, Suite 02G09, Alexandria...

Development of Dual-Phase Oxygen Transport Membranes for Carbon Capture Processes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pirou, Stéven

Fossil fuel based power plants and industrial production of cement and steel are major sources of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. One of the most promising approaches to capture and store CO2 from such large point sources is the oxy-fuel combustion route, where pure oxygen instead of air is used...

Distinguishing f(R) theories from general relativity by gravitational lensing effect

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Hongguang [Beijing Normal University, Department of Physics, Beijing (China); Aix Marseille Universite et Universite de Toulon, Centre de Physique Theorique (UMR 7332), Marseille (France); Wang, Xin; Li, Haida; Ma, Yongge [Beijing Normal University, Department of Physics, Beijing (China)

2017-11-15

The post-Newtonian formulation of a general class of f(R) theories is set up in a third-order approximation. It turns out that the information of a specific form of f(R) gravity is encoded in the Yukawa potential, which is contained in the perturbative expansion of the metric components. Although the Yukawa potential is canceled in the second-order expression of the effective refraction index of light, detailed analysis shows that the difference of the lensing effect between the f(R) gravity and general relativity does appear at the third order when √(f''(0)/f{sup '}(0)) is larger than the distance d{sub 0} to the gravitational source. However, the difference between these two kinds of theories will disappear in the axially symmetric spacetime region. Therefore only in very rare case the f(R) theories are distinguishable from general relativity by gravitational lensing effect in a third-order post-Newtonian approximation. (orig.)

Produkt- und Innovationsmanagement an Bibliotheken: Prozessfindung am Beispiel wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken im deutschsprachigen Raum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Birte Lindstädt

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Produkt- und Innovationsmanagement ist ein unternehmerisches Konzept aus der Betriebswirtschaft, das insbesondere in der Konsumgüterindustrie zur Anwendung kommt. Der damit verbundene Prozess richtet das gesamte unternehmerische Handeln an einzelnen Produkten oder Produktgruppen und den damit verbundenen Kundenbedürfnissen aus. Die Anwendung des Produkt- und Innovationsmanagements für wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken erfordert eine Anpassung des Managementprozesses auf die Erfordernisse einer öffentlichen Einrichtung mit kulturellem Bildungsauftrag. In einer wissenschaftlichen Bibliothek erfüllt das Produkt- und Innovationsmanagement zwei wichtige Funktionen: Zum einen sollen bestehende Produkte laufend überprüft und an die strategischen Ziele und Kundenbedürfnisse angepasst werden (Produktmanagement, zum anderen bedarf es einer kontinuierlichen Marktbeobachtung und Entwicklung neuer Produkte im Rahmen der strategischen Ziele (Innovationsmanagement. Im Folgenden werden auf der Grundlage einer Literaturrecherche und der Analyse von sechs Anwendungsbeispielen die wichtigsten Faktoren für eine erfolgreiche Einführung eines Produkt- und Innovationsmanagements aufgezeigt sowie ein optimierter Prozess dargestellt, wie Produkt- und Innovationsmanagement an wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken ein- und durchgeführt werden kann.

Forty-Fourth Meeting of the Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors (TWG-FR). Working Material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2011-01-01

The objectives of the meeting were to: - Exchange information on the national programmes on Fast Reactors (FR) and Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS); - Review the progress since the 43rd TWG-FR Annual Meeting, including the status of the actions; - Consider topical technical meeting arrangements for 2012-2013, as well as review FR-related activities included in the IAEA Project&Budget (P&B) biennium 2012-2013; - Review the IAEA’s ongoing information exchange and coordinated research projects in the technical fields relevant to the TWG-FR (FRs and ADS), as well as coordination of the TWG-FR’s activities with other organizations and international initiatives (GIF, INPRO, NEA, ESNII, etc.)

Promising fast reactor systems in the feasibility study on commercialized FR cycle system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sakamoto, Y.; Kotake, S.; Enuma, Y.; Sagayama, Y.; Nishikawa, A.; Ando, M.

2005-01-01

The Feasibility Study on Commercialized Fast Reactor (FR) Cycle Systems is under way in order to propose prominent FR cycle systems that will respond to the diverse needs of society in the future. The design studies on various FR system concepts have been achieved and then the evaluations of potential to achieve the development targets have been carried out. Crucial issues have been found out for each FR system concept and their development plans for the key technologies are summarized as the roadmap. The characteristics and the differences in performances have been investigated. The crucial issues and the development periods have been clarified. Further investigation is now in progress. The promising concept will be proposed based on result of comparative evaluation at the end of the Phase II study. (authors)

Research of the cost-benefit analysis for FR cycle research and development. The annual report of the FY 2001

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shiotani, Hiroki; Shinoda, Yoshihiko; Hirao, Kazunori

2002-07-01

This report is intended to explain the outline of the research and development (R and D) in the FY 2001 on cost-benefit analysis of FR (Fast Reactor) cycle system concepts. The work was conducted as a part of the JNC's Feasibility Study on Commercialized Fast Reactor Cycle Systems (the F/S)'. In the FY 2001, the work conducted in the JNC was summed up as the followings: Conceptual study on cost-benefit analysis for FR cycle R and D. Refinement on the evaluation procedure and improvement over operation efficiency. Cost-benefit analysis of the reference FR cycle and sensitivity analysis with the revised system. Cost-benefit analyses of R and Ds for various FR cycle candidate concepts including FR cycle concepts studied in the F/S phase 1. The work made it possible to evaluate the cost effectiveness of various FR cycle systems efficiently. The cost-benefit analysis, which is often used for the policy evaluation, is considered to be applicable to FR cycle system concepts in the F/S. (author)

A no-hair theorem for black holes in f(R) gravity

Science.gov (United States)

Cañate, Pedro

2018-01-01

In this work we present a no-hair theorem which discards the existence of four-dimensional asymptotically flat, static and spherically symmetric or stationary axisymmetric, non-trivial black holes in the frame of f(R) gravity under metric formalism. Here we show that our no-hair theorem also can discard asymptotic de Sitter stationary and axisymmetric non-trivial black holes. The novelty is that this no-hair theorem is built without resorting to known mapping between f(R) gravity and scalar–tensor theory. Thus, an advantage will be that our no-hair theorem applies as well to metric f(R) models that cannot be mapped to scalar–tensor theory.

78 FR 27153 - Duty Periods for Establishing Eligibility for Health Care

Science.gov (United States)

2013-05-09

.... Quartermaster Corps Female Recognized 46 FR 11857. Clerical Employees serving with effective January the.... civilian female employees Recognized 59 FR 298. of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps effective while serving in the.... civilian female employees of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps while serving in the Defense of Bataan and...

77 FR 68149 - Karen Paul Holley, M.D.; Decision and Order

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-15

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Drug Enforcement Administration [Docket No. 12-51] Karen Paul Holley, M.D... revoke the DEA Certificate of Registration (COR), Number BH8988339, of Karen Paul Holley, M.D....D., 74 FR 17528, 174529 (2009); John B. Freitas, D.O., 74 FR 17524, 17525 (2009); Roger A. Rodriguez...

Forty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors (TWG-FR). Working Material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2012-01-01

The objectives of the meeting were to: • Exchange information on the national programmes on Fast Reactors (FR) and Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS); • Review the progress since the 44 th TWG-FR Annual Meeting, including the status of the actions; • Consider topical technical meeting arrangements for 2012-2013, as well as review FR-related activities included in the IAEA Programme & Budget (P&B) biennium 2012-2013; • Review the IAEA’s concluded, on-going and planned coordinated research projects in the technical fields relevant to the TWG-FR (FRs and ADS), as well as coordination of the TWG-FR’s activities with other organizations and international initiatives (GIF, INPRO, NEA, ESNII, etc.). The 45th Meeting of the TWG-FR reached the following conclusions/recommendations: • The participants expressed satisfaction and appreciation for the large amount of new information on on-going activities carried out by the Member States in the field of FR and ADS exchanged during the meeting; • Also the organizations which have participated to the TWG-FR meeting for the first time expressed their appreciation for the lively discussion and the results and thanked the IAEA for inviting them at the meeting; • The meeting was very useful in particular for collecting inputs and advice in view of the preparation of the IAEA Programme & Budget 2014-2015 (and then 2016-2017) in the area of FR and ADS technology development; • The TWG-FR remains an unique international forum for information exchange in the field of fast neutron systems and for promoting RT&D activities in this area; • Due to the increasing interest in FR and in view of the forthcoming realizations, it would be advisable to increase the involvement of industries, regulators and other R&D organizations; • The annual TWG-FR meeting should focused on exchange of information on national and international programmes, avoiding duplications or overlapping’s with other IAEA initiatives in the field; �

Validation and Verification (V and V) Testing on Midscale Flame Resistant (FR) Test Method

Science.gov (United States)

2016-12-16

materials . The results demonstrated that the Midscale test is a quick and cost-effective method for evaluation of FR performance of design features...standard and novel FR materials and design configurations during fire engulfment. Details of the test method and its development can be found in the...employed in the FRACU is a ripstop fabric blend of 65% FR rayon, 25% para- aramid and 10% nylon. The iCVC material is Nylon/Cotton/Nomex. All three

Modernisierung von ERP-Systemen. Chance für digitale Geschäftsprozesse im Mittelstand

OpenAIRE

Röglinger, Maximilian; Urbach, Nils; Heinz, Carletta; Borowski, Dagmara; Sachs, Thomas; Trick, Rebecca; Püschel, Louis

2017-01-01

Die Digitalisierung beeinflusst bestehende Geschäftsmodelle, verändert die Ansprüche der Kunden und zwingt Unternehmen dazu, ihre Organisation und Prozesse anzupassen, um dauerhaft wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben. In diesem Kontext führte die Projektgruppe Wirtschaftsinformatik des Fraunhofer FIT mit dem Glasflakon-Hersteller HEINZ-GLAS ein ERP-Auswahl- und Organisationsgestaltungsprojekt durch.

78 FR 64204 - Science and Technology Reinvention Laboratory Personnel Management Demonstration Project...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-28

... Personnel Management Demonstration Project, Department of Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR); Amendment... ONR Personnel Management Demonstration Project (75 FR 77380-77447, December 10, 2010). SUMMARY: On December 10, 2010 (75 FR 77380-77447), DoD published a notice of approval of a personnel management...

Bulletin of Materials Science | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Al2O3–40% TiO2 coating is deposited on Superni 601 and Superco 605 superalloys by low-velocity oxy-fuel (LVOF) process. LVOF sprayed coating is characterized for surface roughness, microhardness, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Hot corrosion of the coated and uncoated superalloys ...

78 FR 55225 - Determination of Attainment for the Chico Nonattainment Area for the 2006 Fine Particle Standard...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-10

...); and 75 FR 27944 (May 19, 2010) (Coso Junction, California area). Thus EPA has established that, under... Office of Management and Budget under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993); Does not... based on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997); Is not a...

Disentangling the f(R). Duality

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Broy, Benedict J.; Westphal, Alexander; Pedro, Francisco G.; Univ. Autonoma de Madrid

2014-11-01

Motivated by UV realisations of Starobinsky-like inflation models, we study generic exponential plateau-like potentials to understand whether an exact f(R)-formulation may still be obtained when the asymptotic shift-symmetry of the potential is broken for larger field values. Potentials which break the shift symmetry with rising exponentials at large field values only allow for corresponding f(R)-descriptions with a leading order term R n with 1 2 -term survives as part of a series expansion of the function f(R) and thus cannot maintain a plateau for all field values. We further find a lean and instructive way to obtain a function f(R) describing m 2 φ 2 -inflation which breaks the shift symmetry with a monomial, and corresponds to effectively logarithmic corrections to an R+R 2 model. These examples emphasise that higher order terms in f(R)-theory may not be neglected if they are present at all. Additionally, we relate the function f(R) corresponding to chaotic inflation to a more general Jordan frame set-up. In addition, we consider f(R)-duals of two given UV examples, both from supergravity and string theory. Finally, we outline the CMB phenomenology of these models which show effects of power suppression at low-l.

On the 221 Rn → 221 Fr decay scheme

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gromov, K.Ya.; Norseev, Yu.V.; Samatov, Zh.K.; Fominykh, V.I.; Chumin, V.G.; Kudrya, S.A.; Sergienko, V.A.

2002-01-01

The results of investigating the 221 Rnβ - - decay and the 225 Ac α-decay are compared. It is shown that 221 Fr levels at 145.9 and 393.2 keV are excited at the 221 Rn decay. Intensities and reduced probabilities of the β - - decay to the 221 Fr levels are determined. A conclusion is drawn that the parity of the 221 Rn ground state is positive

Forty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors (TWG-FR). Presentations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2012-01-01

The objectives of the meeting were to: • Exchange information on the national programmes on Fast Reactors (FR) and Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS); • Review the progress since the 44 th TWG-FR Annual Meeting, including the status of the actions; • Consider topical technical meeting arrangements for 2012-2013, as well as review FR-related activities included in the IAEA Programme & Budget (P&B) biennium 2012-2013; • Review the IAEA’s concluded, on-going and planned coordinated research projects in the technical fields relevant to the TWG-FR (FRs and ADS), as well as coordination of the TWG-FR’s activities with other organizations and international initiatives (GIF, INPRO, NEA, ESNII, etc.)

Reconstructing an f(R) model from holographic dark energy: using the observational evidence

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saaidi, Kh; Aghamohammadi, A

2012-01-01

We investigate the correspondence relation between f(R) gravity and an interacting holographic dark energy (HDE). By obtaining the conditions needed for some observational evidence such as positive acceleration expansion of the Universe, crossing the phantom divide line and validity of the thermodynamics second law in an interacting HDE model and corresponding it with the f(R) model of gravity, we find a viable f(R) model that can explain the present Universe. We also obtain the explicit evolutionary forms of the corresponding scalar field, potential and scale factor of the Universe. (paper)

76 FR 36879 - Minnesota: Final Authorization of State Hazardous Waste Management Program Revision

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-23

... Treatment Subcategories for Radioactively Contaminated Cadmium-, Mercury-, and Silver- Containing Batteries..., 1998 (63 FR 28556) Land Disposal Restrictions Phase IV; Hazardous Soils Treatment Standards and..., October 22, 1998 (63 FR 56710) Hazardous Remediation Waste Management Requirements (HWIR-Media), Checklist...

Neue Methoden für die Optimierung verfahrenstechnischer Prozesse

OpenAIRE

Hokenmaier, Stephania

2013-01-01

Die Verfahrenstechnik beschäftigt sich mit der Trennung, Umwandlung oder Verflüssigung chemischer Stoffe, wie zum Beispiel die Zerlegung von Luft in ihre Hauptbestandteile Sauerstoff, Stickstoff und Argon oder die Reinigung und Verflüssigung von Erdgas. Mit Hilfe von Prozesssimulatoren können verfahrenstechnische Anlagen, oder Teile davon, modelliert, simuliert und anschließend optimiert werden. Die Engineering Division der Linde AG, eines der weltweit führenden Unternehmen für die Planung...

Intelligent produzieren - Prozesse verstehen und mit innovativen Werkzeugen verbessern

Science.gov (United States)

Kress, Dieter

Im Umfeld der stetig fortschreitenden Globalisierung und der damit verbundenen Verlagerung von Produktionsstätten und dem Transfer bekannter Technologien ist eine stetige Weiterentwicklung der Fertigungstechnik unumgänglich, um auch zukünftig am Standort Deutschland einen Technologievorsprung zu halten und Produkte zu fertigen, die weltweit konkurrenzfähig sind. Die Notwendigkeit zur permanenten Innovation ist unbestritten. Das Ziel muss es dabei sein, die Produktivität zu erhöhen, die Qualität der Produkte auf stets hohem Niveau zu halten bzw. die Qualität noch weiter zu steigern und gleichzeitig die Kosten stetig zu senken. Dies erfordert intelligente und innovative Werkzeugkonzepte für die Hochleistungsfertigung.

LOW-POWER RADIO GALAXIES IN THE DISTANT UNIVERSE: A SEARCH FOR FR I AT 1 < z < 2 IN THE COSMOS FIELD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chiaberge, Marco; Tremblay, Grant; Macchetto, F. Duccio; Sparks, W. B.; Capetti, Alessandro; Tozzi, Paolo

2009-01-01

We present a search for FR I radio galaxies between 1 < z < 2 in the COSMOS field. In absence of spectroscopic redshift measurements, the selection method is based on multiple steps which make use of both radio and optical constraints. The basic assumptions are that (1) the break in radio power between low-power FR Is and the more powerful FR IIs does not change with redshift, and (2) that the photometric properties of the host galaxies of low-power radio galaxies in the distant universe are similar to those of FR IIs in the same redshift bin, as is the case for nearby radio galaxies. We describe the results of our search, which yields 37 low-power radio galaxy candidates that are possibly FR Is. We show that a large fraction of these low-luminosity radio galaxies display a compact radio morphology that does not correspond to the FR I morphological classification. Furthermore, our objects are apparently associated with galaxies that show clear signs of interactions, at odds with the typical behavior observed in low-z FR I hosts. The compact radio morphology might imply that we are observing intrinsically small and possibly young objects that will eventually evolve into the giant FR Is we observe in the local universe. One of the objects appears as pointlike in Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images. This might belong to a population of FR I-QSOs, which however would represent a tiny minority of the overall population of high-z FR Is. As for the local FR Is, a large fraction of our objects are likely to be associated with groups or clusters, making them 'beacons' for high-redshift clusters of galaxies. Our search for candidate high-z FR Is we present in this paper constitutes a pilot study for objects to be observed with future high-resolution and high-sensitivity instruments such as the EVLA and ALMA in the radio band, HST/WFC3 in the optical and IR, James Webb Space Telescope in the IR, as well as future generation X-ray satellites.

Chara strigosa A. Braun (Characeae in Poland

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrzej Hutorowicz

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Chara strigosa is reported from several lakes in Poland. The finds were published by Izabella Dąmbska in 1966, but have not been recognised internationally, presumably because Dąmbska's article was published in a local paper in Polish. We give a short description of Charetum strigosa first described by Dąmbska. One of the lakes with C. strigosa is reported with luxuriant growth of a blue-green bacteria common in water blooms. There is a need to survey these lakes in order to prevent an increasing eutrophication.

Purification of antilisterial peptide (SubtilosinA from novel Bacillus tequilensis FR9 and demonstrate their pathogen invasion protection ability using human carcinoma cell line.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rizwana Parveen Rani

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This study focuses on isolation, screening and characterization of novel probiotics from gastrointestinal tract of free-range chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus. Fifty seven colonies were isolated and three isolates (FR4, FR9 and FR12 were selected and identified as Lactobacillus gasseri FR4, Bacillus tequilensis FR9 and L. animalis FR12 by 16S rRNA sequencing. Three strains were able to survive in stimulated acidic and bile conditions and inhibit the growth of pathogens. Especially, FR9 exhibited maximum inhibition against Listeria monocytogenes and none of them exhibited hemolytic activity. Native-PAGE revealed the presence of low molecular weight (3.4-5.0 KDa antimicrobial peptide. The peptide was further purified by Sephadex G-50 column and RP-HPLC using C18 column. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of antimicrobial peptide showed 100% consensus to antilisterial peptide SubtilosinA and SboA gene was amplified from FR9 genome. FR9 showed maximum aggregation activity, EPS production (85.46 mg/L and cholesterol assimilation (63.12 ± 0.05 µg/mL. Strong adhesion property (12.6% and pathogen invasion protection ability was revealed by B. tequilensis FR9 towards HCT-116 human colon carcinoma cell line. This is the first study to demonstrate antilisterial SubtilosinA production of B. tequilensis. Our results indicate that B. tequilensis FR9 strain furnish the essential characteristics of a potential probiotics and might be incorporated into human and animal food supplements.

Japanese FR Deployment Scenario Study after the Fukushima Accident

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ono, Kiyoshi; Shiotani, Hiroki; Ohtaki, Akira; Mukaida, Kyoko; Abe, Tomoyuki

2013-01-01

Conclusion: • The results revealed a need for the implementation of reprocessing and development of FR from the view point of reducing waste, etc. in the medium to long term. • JAEA’s contribution to international cooperation and standardization focusing on the enhancement of safety and reduction of the radioactive waste burden will be increasingly important in current situation. • JAEA intend to continue to build and propose FR deployment scenarios and identify their characteristics

77 FR 15966 - Ohio: Final Authorization of State Hazardous Waste Management Program Revision

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-19

... Hazardous Waste Management Program Revision AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final..., 1989 (54 FR 27170) to implement the RCRA hazardous waste management program. We granted authorization... Combustors; Final Rule, Checklist 198, February 14, 2002 (67 FR 6968); Hazardous Waste Management System...

78 FR 17140 - Upholstered Furniture Fire Safety Technology; Meeting and Request for Comments

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-20

... retardant (FR) chemicals, specialty fibers/fabrics without FR chemicals, inherently fire resistant materials... Furniture Fire Safety Technology; Meeting and Request for Comments AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety... Commission (CPSC, Commission, or we) is announcing its intent to hold a meeting on upholstered furniture fire...

Unifying inflation with dark energy in modified F(R) Horava-Lifshitz gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Elizalde, E.; Saez-Gomez, D.; Nojiri, S.; Odintsov, S.D.

2010-01-01

We study FRW cosmology for a non-linear modified F(R) Horava-Lifshitz gravity which has a viable convenient counterpart. A unified description of early-time inflation and late-time acceleration is possible in this theory, but the cosmological dynamic details are generically different from the ones of the convenient viable F(R) model. Remarkably, for some specific choice of parameters they do coincide. The emergence of finite-time future singularities is investigated in detail. It is shown that these singularities can be cured by adding an extra, higher-derivative term, which turns out to be qualitatively different when compared with the corresponding one of the convenient F(R) theory. (orig.)

Developing a zero-CO{sub 2}-emission coal combustion process for power generation; Entwicklung eines CO{sub 2}-emissionsfreien Kohleverbrennungsprozesses zur Stromerzeugung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kneer, R.; Abel, D.; Niehuis, R.; Meier, H.R.; Modigell, M.; Peters, N. [RWTH Aachen (Germany)

2005-07-01

Besides measures for efficiency improvements by means of increased steam parameters, research on oxyfuel cycles in the main strategy for reduction of CO{sub 2}-emissions from fossil coal-fired power plants. The largest publicity founded German oxyfuel project is the so-called OXYCOAL-AC project, where 6 institutes from RWTH Aachen University and 5 industrial partners collaborate in the development of a CO{sub 2}-free coal combustion power plant cycle. This will be achieved by sing pure oxygen and recirculated CO{sub 2} for the combustion process. The oxygen is provided by a high temperature ceramic membrane module, which separates oxygen from an air feed flow. The challenges of this project and the related research topics are presented by discussing the main components of the OXYCOAL-AC cycle. While this description of the cycle is based on a 400 MW reference power plant, its realisation at the existing test facility at RWTH Aachen University will also be explained. Finally, an outlook on future activities is presented. (orig.)

Not just rocket science

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

MacAdam, S.; Anderson, R. [Celan Energy Systems, Rancho Cordova, CA (United States)

2007-10-15

The paper explains a different take on oxyfuel combustion. Clean Energy Systems (CES) has integrated aerospace technology into conventional power systems, creating a zero-emission power generation technology that has some advantages over other similar approaches. When using coal as a feedstock, the CES process burns syngas rather than raw coal. The process uses recycled water and steam to moderate the temperature, instead of recycled CO{sub 2}. With no air ingress, the CES process produces very pure CO{sub 2}. This makes it possible to capture over 99% of the CO{sub 2} resulting from combustion. CES uses the combustion products to drive the turbines, rather than indirectly raising steam for steam turbines, as in the oxyfuel process used by companies such as Vattenfall. The core of the process is a high-pressure oxy-combustor adapted from rocket engine technology. This combustor burns gaseous or liquid fuels with gaseous oxygen in the presence of water. Fuels include natural gas, coal or coke-derived synthesis gas, landfill and biodigester gases, glycerine solutions and oil/water emulsion. 2 figs.

Tailoring a High Temperature Corrosion Resistant FeNiCrAl for Oxy-Combustion Application by Thermal Spray Coating and HIP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jarkko Metsäjoki

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Oxy-fuel combustion combined with CCS (carbon capture and storage aims to decrease CO2 emissions in energy production using fossil fuels. Oxygen firing changes power plant boiler conditions compared to conventional firing. Higher material temperatures and harsher and more variable environmental conditions cause new degradation processes that are inadequately understood at the moment. In this study, an Fe-Ni-Cr-Al alloy was developed based on thermodynamic simulations. The chosen composition was manufactured as powder by gas atomization. The powder was sieved into two fractions: The finer was used to produce thermal spray coatings by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF and the coarser to manufacture bulk specimens by hot isostatic pressing (HIP. The high temperature corrosion properties of the manufactured FeNiCrAl coating and bulk material were tested in laboratory conditions simulating oxy-combustion. The manufacturing methods and the results of high temperature corrosion performance are presented. The corrosion performance of the coating was on average between the bulk steel references Sanicro 25 and TP347HFG.

Propagating Degrees of Freedom in f(R Gravity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yun Soo Myung

2016-01-01

Full Text Available We have computed the number of polarization modes of gravitational waves propagating in the Minkowski background in f(R gravity. These are three of two from transverse-traceless tensor modes and one from a massive trace mode, which confirms the results found in the literature. There is no massless breathing mode and the massive trace mode corresponds to the Ricci scalar. A newly defined metric tensor in f(R gravity satisfies the transverse-traceless (TT condition as well as the TT wave equation.

The coincidence problem in holographic f(R) gravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bisabr, Yousef, E-mail: y-bisabr@srttu.edu [Department of Physics, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Lavizan, Tehran 16788 (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2011-09-15

It is well known that f(R) gravity models formulated in the Einstein conformal frame are equivalent to Einstein gravity together with a minimally coupled scalar field. In this case, the scalar field couples with the matter sector and the coupling term is given by the conformal factor. We apply the holographic principle to such interacting models. In a spatially flat universe, we show that the Einstein frame representation of f(R) models leads to a constant ratio of energy densities of dark matter to dark energy.

Phage FR38 Treatment on Sprague Dawley Rat Inferred from Blood Parameters and Organ Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

DEWI SARTIKA

2012-09-01

Full Text Available The ability of phage FR38 to lysis indigenous Salmonella P38 from feces of diarrheal patient has been studied. However, effects of phage FR38 on organ system were not revealed as yet. This study was conducted to observe the effect of phage FR38 on blood chemistry, kidney functions, and liver functions. Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were used as a model for this study that were divided into two groups; (i control and (ii treated group with phage FR38. For treated phage group, each rat was administered by 5 ml/kg bw of 1.59•107 pfu/ml of phage intragastric. The blood parameters were analysed on day 16. The results revealed that body and organs weight, erythrocyte, hematocrit, hemoglobin, leukocyte, total protein, creatinine, SGOT, and SGPT of phage treatment rats were not significantly different with the control rats on day 16 (P > 0.05. Therefore, this study showed was no effect of phage FR38 on body weight, blood chemistry, kidney and liver functions of the rat (P > 0.05.

Phage FR38 Treatment on Sprague Dawley Rat Inferred from Blood Parameters and Organ Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

DEWI SARTIKA

2012-09-01

Full Text Available The ability of phage FR38 to lysis indigenous Salmonella P38 from feces of diarrheal patient has been studied. However, effects of phage FR38 on organ system were not revealed as yet. This study was conducted to observe the effect of phage FR38 on blood chemistry, kidney functions, and liver functions. Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were used as a model for this study that were divided into two groups; (i control and (ii treated group with phage FR38. For treated phage group, each rat was administered by 5 ml/kg bw of 1.59-107 pfu/ml of phage intragastric. The blood parameters were analysed on day 16. The results revealed that body and organs weight, erythrocyte, hematocrit, hemoglobin, leukocyte, total protein, creatinine, SGOT, and SGPT of phage treatment rats were not significantly different with the control rats on day 16 (P > 0.05. Therefore, this study showed was no effect of phage FR38 on body weight, blood chemistry, kidney and liver functions of the rat (P > 0.05.

Constraint on reconstructed f(R) gravity models from gravitational waves

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Seokcheon

2018-06-01

The gravitational wave (GW) detection of a binary neutron star inspiral made by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo paves the unprecedented way for multi-messenger observations. The propagation speed of this GW can be scrutinized by comparing the arrival times between GW and neutrinos or photons. It provides the constraint on the mass of the graviton. f(R) gravity theories have the habitual non-zero mass gravitons in addition to usual massless ones. Previously, we show that the model independent f(R) gravity theories can be constructed from the both background evolution and the matter growth with one undetermined parameter. We show that this parameter can be constrained from the graviton mass bound obtained from GW detection. Thus, the GW detection provides the invaluable constraint on the validity of f(R) gravity theories.

Herbert Fröhlich a physicist ahead of his time

CERN Document Server

Hyland, G J

2015-01-01

This biography provides a stimulating and coherent blend of scientific and personal narratives describing the many achievements of the theoretical physicist Herbert Fröhlich. For more than half a century, Fröhlich was an internationally renowned and much respected figure who exerted a decisive influence, often as a ‘man ahead of his time’, in fields as diverse as meson theory and biology. Although best known for his contributions to the theory of dielectrics and superconductivity, he worked in many other fields, his most important legacy being the pioneering introduction quantum field-theoretical methods into condensed matter physics in 1952, which revolutionised the subsequent development of the subject. Gerard Hyland has written an absorbing and informative account, in which Herbert Fröhlich’s magnetic personality shines through.

77 FR 15755 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Announcement of Board Approval Under Delegated...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-16

... Reports Report title: Consolidated Financial Statements for Bank Holding Companies. Agency form number: FR... operations. The FR Y-9C consists of standardized financial statements similar to the Federal Financial..., supporting statements and approved collection of information instruments are placed into OMB's public docket...

f(R in Holographic and Agegraphic Dark Energy Models and the Generalized Uncertainty Principle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Barun Majumder

2013-01-01

Full Text Available We studied a unified approach with the holographic, new agegraphic, and f(R dark energy model to construct the form of f(R which in general is responsible for the curvature driven explanation of the very early inflation along with presently observed late time acceleration. We considered the generalized uncertainty principle in our approach which incorporated the corrections in the entropy-area relation and thereby modified the energy densities for the cosmological dark energy models considered. We found that holographic and new agegraphic f(R gravity models can behave like phantom or quintessence models in the spatially flat FRW universe. We also found a distinct term in the form of f(R which goes as R 3 / 2 due to the consideration of the GUP modified energy densities. Although the presence of this term in the action can be important in explaining the early inflationary scenario, Capozziello et al. recently showed that f(R ~ R 3 / 2 leads to an accelerated expansion, that is, a negative value for the deceleration parameter q which fits well with SNeIa and WMAP data.

Forty-Sixth Meeting of the Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors (TWG-FR). Working Material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2013-01-01

The objectives of the meeting were to: • Review the current status and the progress since the 45th TWG-FR meeting of FR and ADS technology development activities in IAEA Member States; • Review the activities (past, present and planned) of the IAEA’s project 1.1.5.3, “Support for fast reactor research, technology development and deployment” to ensure that they remain relevant to the needs of Member States; • Provide the experts group with updates to advise the IAEA on FR and ADS activities, including on proposals for relevant studies and reviews; • Serve as a means for exchanging information on national and international FR and ADS programmes; • Review the main achievements and outcomes of the “International Conference on Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycle: Safe Technologies and Sustainable Scenarios – FR13”, held on 4 – 7 March 2013 in Paris, France; • Promote the exchange of technical information by proposing topics for, and assisting in the organization of, IAEA Workshops and Technical Meetings for 2014-2015 and further, and • Review the IAEA’s concluded, on-going and planned coordinated research projects (CRPs) in the technical fields relevant to the TWG-FR (FRs and ADS), as well as coordination of the TWG-FR’s activities with other organizations and international initiatives (GIF, INPRO, NEA, Euratom, etc.)

Extension of loop quantum gravity to f(R) theories.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xiangdong; Ma, Yongge

2011-04-29

The four-dimensional metric f(R) theories of gravity are cast into connection-dynamical formalism with real su(2) connections as configuration variables. Through this formalism, the classical metric f(R) theories are quantized by extending the loop quantization scheme of general relativity. Our results imply that the nonperturbative quantization procedure of loop quantum gravity is valid not only for general relativity but also for a rather general class of four-dimensional metric theories of gravity.

76 FR 36989 - Medical Devices; Exception From General Requirements for Informed Consent

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-24

...: I. Background A. Overview of Final Rule In the Federal Register of June 7, 2006 (71 FR 32827), FDA... contended that the rule will allow the use of experimental tests, which have an unknown rate of inaccurate... be entitled to withdraw previously collected data from the research database * * *'' (71 FR 32827 at...

76 FR 19524 - Privacy Act of 1974; Deletion of System of Records

Science.gov (United States)

2011-04-07

...), which was first published FR Vol. 52, No 155 dated August 12, 1987. The system of records known as... means to grant individuals access permissions to the resources of the Austin Data Processing Center. The... replaced by 87VA045, ``Automated Customer Registration System (ACRS)-VA'', which was published in FR Vol...

78 FR 46499 - Change in Terminology: “Mental Retardation” to “Intellectual Disability”

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-01

... Change in Terminology: ``Mental Retardation'' to ``Intellectual Disability'' AGENCY: Social Security... INFORMATION CONTACT: Cheryl Williams, Office of Medical Listings Improvement, Social Security Administration... terminology.\\3\\ \\2\\ Public Law 111-256. \\3\\ See 77 FR 29002 and 77 FR 6022-01. Public Comments In the NPRM, we...

Das Bauhaus in Bewegung - wie das Bauhausgebäude in Dessau funktioniert

OpenAIRE

Seyler Thomas

2016-01-01

Analyse und Deutung des Bauhausentwurfs - wie das Bauhaus funktioniert Ein Architekt analysiert und deutet den Bauhausentwurf Das Bauhaus in Dessau gilt als Inbegriff einer räumlich freien Anordnung. Diese lässt sich jedoch auf den Prozess einer Entfaltung zurückführen. Der Autor erklärt Schritt für Schritt die Systematik des Entwurfs aus seiner beruflichen Erfahrung.

New Information Processing Techniques for Military Systems (les Nouvelles techniques de traitement de l’information pour les systemes militaires)

Science.gov (United States)

2001-04-01

généralement nécessite le déploiement d’une ou de plusieurs bouées fonctionnant sur piles pour fournir une passerelle au nœud terrestre . Les conditions...diskreter Prozesse. In Proc. of VDI/ VDE GMA KongreJ Me& und Automa- tisierungstechnik, 1998. [2] A. Biere, A. Cimatti, E. Clarke, and Y. Zhu. Sym- bolic

Zur Bedeutung der Pharmakogenetik in der Veterinärmedizin am Beispiel des MDR1-Gendefektes beim Hund

OpenAIRE

Geyer, Joachim

2014-01-01

Die Pharmakogenetik untersucht, inwieweit Variationen in Genen, welche die pharmakokinetischen und pharmakodynamischen Prozesse eines Arzneistoffes kontrollieren für die interindividuellen Unterschiede in der Arzneistoffwirkung oder dem vermehrten Auftreten unerwünschter Arzneistoffwirkungen verantwortlich sind. Die pharmakogenetische Forschung hat in der Humanmedizin in den vergangenen 10-20 Jahren große Fortschritte erzielt, wobei die auf eine personalisierte Medizin ausgerichtete Berücksic...

Bioinformatische Analyse und funktionelle Charakterisierung von strukturellen Genvarianten in ADME-Genen in humaner Leber

OpenAIRE

Tremmel, Roman

2016-01-01

Die Pharmakogenetik beschreibt die Untersuchung von interindividuellen genetischen Unterschieden, welche die Wirkung von Medikamenten und die Reaktion auf xenobioti-sche Substanzen beeinflussen. Ein Großteil dieser Variabilität beruht auf Unterschieden im hepatischen Arzneimittelmetabolismus. Die daran beteiligten Enzyme, Transporter und Rezeptoren sind in die Prozesse der Absorption, der Distribution, des Metabolismus und der Exkretion involviert und werden als ADME-Gengruppe zusammengefasst...

Ist Pragmatik schwer!

OpenAIRE

Fries, Norbert

1988-01-01

Dieser Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, in welchen Hinsichten für das Deutsche die Annahme einer Kategorie "Exklamativ-Satz" gerechtfertigt werden kann. Verschiedene grammatische und pragmatische Indizien sprechen dafür, dass die "Exklamativ-Interpretation" das Produkt heterogener grammatischer und pragmatischer Prozesse darstellt, welche nicht auf eine bestimmte Sprachbeschreibungsebene fixiert werden können. Peer Reviewed

Die Etablierung massenspektrometrischer quantitativer Studien des Herzproteoms während der embryonalen Entwicklung und der Alterung

OpenAIRE

Konzer, Anne

2012-01-01

Neue Erkenntnisse über die physiologischen, molekularen und pathologischen Prozesse im Herzen konnten im letzten Jahrzehnt anhand von Modellorganismen gewonnen werden. Die Entwicklung neuer Techniken ermöglichte außerdem die Etablierung umfangreicher und eindrucksvoller Studien basierend auf den neusten Mikroskopieverfahren, auf globalen Genexpressionsanalysen (Microarray) sowie auf modernen Massenspektrometrie (MS)- basierenden Proteinanalysen anhand von hochauflösenden Tandem-Massenspektrom...

SN 2012fr

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Contreras, Carlos; Phillips, M. M.; Burns, Christopher R.

2018-01-01

We present detailed ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared light curves of the Type Ia supernova (SN) 2012fr, which exploded in the Fornax cluster member NGC 1365. These precise high-cadence light curves provide a dense coverage of the flux evolution from -12 to +140 days with respect to the epo...

String duality transformations in f(R) gravity from Noether symmetry approach

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Capozziello, Salvatore [Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli ' ' Federico II' ' , Compl. Univ. di Monte S. Angelo, Edificio G, Via Cinthia, I-80126, Napoli (Italy); Gionti, Gabriele S.J. [Specola Vaticana, Vatican City, V-00120, Vatican City State (Vatican City State, Holy See); Vernieri, Daniele, E-mail: capozziello@na.inf.it, E-mail: ggionti@as.arizona.edu, E-mail: vernieri@iap.fr [Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6 et CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d' Astrophysique de Paris, GReCO, 98bis Bd Arago, 75014 Paris (France)

2016-01-01

We select f(R) gravity models that undergo scale factor duality transformations. As a starting point, we consider the tree-level effective gravitational action of bosonic String Theory coupled with the dilaton field. This theory inherits the Busher's duality of its parent String Theory. Using conformal transformations of the metric tensor, it is possible to map the tree-level dilaton-graviton string effective action into f(R) gravity, relating the dilaton field to the Ricci scalar curvature. Furthermore, the duality can be framed under the standard of Noether symmetries and exact cosmological solutions are derived. Using suitable changes of variables, the string-based f(R) Lagrangians are shown in cases where the duality transformation becomes a parity inversion.

String duality transformations in f(R) gravity from Noether symmetry approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Capozziello, Salvatore; Gionti, Gabriele S.J.; Vernieri, Daniele

2016-01-01

We select f(R) gravity models that undergo scale factor duality transformations. As a starting point, we consider the tree-level effective gravitational action of bosonic String Theory coupled with the dilaton field. This theory inherits the Busher's duality of its parent String Theory. Using conformal transformations of the metric tensor, it is possible to map the tree-level dilaton-graviton string effective action into f(R) gravity, relating the dilaton field to the Ricci scalar curvature. Furthermore, the duality can be framed under the standard of Noether symmetries and exact cosmological solutions are derived. Using suitable changes of variables, the string-based f(R) Lagrangians are shown in cases where the duality transformation becomes a parity inversion

78 FR 24785 - Public Hearing

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-26

... Spring, Logan Branch Watershed), Spring Township, Centre County, Pa. Application for surface water...: April 19, 2013. Paul O. Swartz, Executive Director. [FR Doc. 2013-09887 Filed 4-25-13; 8:45 am] BILLING...

Large Eddy Simulation of CO

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ma, L.; Huang, X.; Roekaerts, D.J.E.M.

2017-01-01

We report results of a computational study of oxy-fuel spray jet flames. An experimental database on flames of ethanol burning in a coflow of a O2–CO2 mixture, created at CORIA (Rouen, France), is used for model validation (Cléon et al., 2015). Depending on the coflow composition and velocity the

78 FR 11858 - Applications for New Awards; Arts in Education Model Development and Dissemination Program

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-20

... on December 15, 2010 (75 FR 78486), and corrected on May 12, 2011 (76 FR 27637). Arts includes music... baseline outcome measurement is compared with a post treatment measure, the treatment would then be stopped...

76 FR 56242 - Energy Northwest; Establishment of Atomic Safety and Licensing Board

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-12

... Northwest's Columbia Generating Station,'' was received via E-Filing on August 22, 2011.\\1\\ \\1\\ On August 22... with the NRC E-Filing rule, which the NRC promulgated in August 2007 (72 FR 49,139). Issued at..., 1972, published in the Federal Register, 37 FR 28,710 (1972), and the Commission's regulations, see, e...

77 FR 4999 - Decision and Order Granting a Waiver to LG From the Department of Energy Clothes Washer Test...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-01

..., 2011)); (76 FR 79666 (Dec. 22, 2011)) and Samsung (76 FR 13169 (Mar. 10, 2011)); 76 FR 50207 (Aug. 12... consideration of all the material that was submitted by LG, the waivers granted to Whirlpool, GE, Samsung and... clothes washer products for compliance, marketing, or other purposes only to the extent that such products...

78 FR 47024 - Excepted Service

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-02

... Readiness). Department of Education......... Office of the Under Executive Director, DB130022 4/3/2013... Kaplan, Acting Director. [FR Doc. 2013-18607 Filed 8-1-13; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6325-39-P ...

77 FR 32970 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Announcement of Board Approval Under Delegated...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-04

... more granular data reported in the FR Y-14Q and the FR Y-14M schedules for their Consolidated Financial... collections of information. Copies of the Paperwork Reduction Act Submission, supporting statements and... nonbank financial companies supervised by the Federal Reserve are subject to enhanced risk-based and...

77 FR 56842 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Announcement of Board Approval Under Delegated...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-14

... Organizational Structure, Annual Report of Bank Holding Companies, and Annual Report of Foreign Banking... supplement to the FR Y-10) a one-time verification of each SLHC's organizational structure. After considering... the Report of Changes in Organizational Structure. Agency form number: FR Y-10E. OMB control number...

Stability of the Einstein static universe in f(R, T) gravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shabani, Hamid [University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Zahedan (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Ziaie, Amir Hadi [Kahnooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Department of Physics, Kerman (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2017-01-15

The Einstein static (ES) universe has played a major role in various emergent scenarios recently proposed in order to cure the problem of the initial singularity of the standard model of cosmology. In the model we address, we study the existence and stability of an ES universe in the context of f(R, T) modified theories of gravity. Considering specific forms of the f(R, T) function, we seek for the existence of solutions representing ES state. Using dynamical system techniques along with numerical analysis, we find two classes of solutions: the first one is always unstable of the saddle type, while the second is always stable so that its dynamical behavior corresponds to a center equilibrium point. The importance of the second class of solutions is due to the significant role they play in constructing non-singular emergent models in which the universe could have experienced past-eternally a series of infinite oscillations about such an initial static state after which it enters, through a suitable physical mechanism, to an inflationary era. Considering specific forms for the functionality of f(R, T), we show that this theory is capable of providing cosmological solutions which admit emergent universe (EU) scenarios. We also investigate homogeneous scalar perturbations for the mentioned models. The stability regions of the solutions are parametrized by a linear equation of state (EoS) parameter and other free parameters that will be introduced for the models. Our results suggest that modifications in f(R, T) gravity would lead to stable solutions which are unstable in f(R) gravity model. (orig.)

Stability of the Einstein static universe in f(R, T) gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shabani, Hamid; Ziaie, Amir Hadi

2017-01-01

The Einstein static (ES) universe has played a major role in various emergent scenarios recently proposed in order to cure the problem of the initial singularity of the standard model of cosmology. In the model we address, we study the existence and stability of an ES universe in the context of f(R, T) modified theories of gravity. Considering specific forms of the f(R, T) function, we seek for the existence of solutions representing ES state. Using dynamical system techniques along with numerical analysis, we find two classes of solutions: the first one is always unstable of the saddle type, while the second is always stable so that its dynamical behavior corresponds to a center equilibrium point. The importance of the second class of solutions is due to the significant role they play in constructing non-singular emergent models in which the universe could have experienced past-eternally a series of infinite oscillations about such an initial static state after which it enters, through a suitable physical mechanism, to an inflationary era. Considering specific forms for the functionality of f(R, T), we show that this theory is capable of providing cosmological solutions which admit emergent universe (EU) scenarios. We also investigate homogeneous scalar perturbations for the mentioned models. The stability regions of the solutions are parametrized by a linear equation of state (EoS) parameter and other free parameters that will be introduced for the models. Our results suggest that modifications in f(R, T) gravity would lead to stable solutions which are unstable in f(R) gravity model. (orig.)

78 FR 27058 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Louisiana; Approval of Section 110...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-05-09

... and Fuels (69 FR 38958); and (4) EPA's Locomotive and Marine Compression-Ignition Engines rule (73 FR... Products Group IV (Miscellaneous Metal Products Coatings, Plastic Parts Coatings, Auto and Light-Duty Truck...

78 FR 40778 - Notice of Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-08

... information. ADDRESSES: Mayflower Renaissance Hotel Washington, 1127 Connecticut Ave. NW., Washington DC 20036..., 2013. Diane Janosek, Chief Legal Officer, Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board. [FR Doc. 2013...

77 FR 71097 - Addition of Certain Persons to the Entity List

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-29

... Trading FZE, P.O Box 10559, Ras Al Khaimah, U.A.E.; and Ras Al Khaimah Free Trade Zone (RAKFTZ), U.A.E..., the Emirati entity, Infotec, a.k.a., Info Tech, Ras Al Khaimah Free Trade Zone (RAKFTZ), U.A.E. The... EAR. (See Sec. 77 FR [INSERT FR --I. Tec Trading FZE, 744.11 of the PAGE NUMBER] P.O. Box 10559, Ras...

Generation of spherically symmetric metrics in f(R) gravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amirabi, Z.; Halilsoy, M.; Mazharimousavi, S.H. [Eastern Mediterranean University, Department of Physics, Gazimagusa (Turkey)

2016-06-15

In D-dimensional spherically symmetric f(R) gravity there are three unknown functions to be determined from the fourth order differential equations. It is shown that the system remarkably may be integrated to relate two functions through the third one to provide a reduction to second order equations accompanied with a large class of potential solutions. The third function, which acts as the generator of the process, is F(R) = (df(R))/(dR). We recall that our generating function has been employed as a scalar field with an accompanying self-interacting potential previously, which is entirely different from our approach. Reduction of f(R) theory into a system of equations seems to be efficient enough to generate a solution corresponding to each generating function. As particular examples, besides the known ones, we obtain new black hole solutions in any dimension D. We further extend our analysis to cover non-zero energy-momentum tensors. Global monopole and Maxwell sources are given as examples. (orig.)

Probing the f(R) formalism through gravitational wave polarizations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alves, M.E.S.; Miranda, O.D.; Araujo, J.C.N. de

2009-01-01

The direct observation of gravitational waves (GW) in the near future, and the corresponding determination of the number of independent polarizations, is a powerful tool to test general relativity and alternative theories of gravity. In the present work we use the Newman-Penrose formalism to characterize GWs in quadratic gravity and in a particular class of f(R) Lagrangians. We find that both quadratic gravity and the f(R) theory belong to the most general invariant class of GWs, i.e., they can present up to six independent polarizations of GWs. For a particular combination of the parameters, we find that quadratic gravity can present up to five polarizations states. On the other hand, if we use the Palatini approach for f(R) theories, GWs present only the usual two transverse-traceless polarizations such as in general relativity. Thus, we conclude that the observation of GWs can strongly constrain the suitable formalism for these theories.

the europeanisation of emissions trading gerard h.

African Journals Online (AJOL)

OLAWUYI

4 Marcel Braun and Tilman Santarius, 'Climate Politics in the Multi-Level Governance ..... incentivisation approaches may contribute to or cause light-touch regulation.34 ..... However, interaction in this transnational process ultimately also.

75 FR 58328 - Nebraska: Final Authorization of State Hazardous Waste Management Program Revisions

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-24

... (67 FR 48393). Specifically, the commenter argued that the Phase IV Land Disposal Restriction (LDR... Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use'' (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001), because it is not a... inconsistent with applicable law for EPA, when it reviews a State authorization application, to require the use...

77 FR 34229 - Idaho: Final Authorization of State Hazardous Waste Management Program; Revision

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-11

... waste regulated under RCRA. In 2003, EPA proposed the sector as an enforcement priority for fiscal years...) Amendments (73 FR 18970, April 8, 2008); F019 Exemption for Wastewater Treatment Sludges from Auto... Comparable Fuel Exclusion (75 FR 33712, June 15, 2010). The federal regulation for the Export of Shipments of...

77 FR 68076 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; West Virginia; Redesignation of...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-15

... preserve the environmental benefits provided by CAIR, North Carolina v. EPA, 550 F.3d 1176, 1178 (DC Cir... CSR 19. See 71 FR 64468 (November 2, 2006) (approving NSR program into the SIP) and 77 FR 63736...

75 FR 47540 - Extension of the Award Period for Certain Minority Business Enterprise Centers

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-06

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Minority Business Development Agency [Docket No.: 100730316-0318-02... Development Agency, Commerce. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA... Alabama MBEC Mobile Area Chamber of State of Alabama........ 71 FR 42351, as amended by 71 FR 45773 and by...

75 FR 5545 - Explosives

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-03

... the Storage of Ammonium Nitrate. OSHA subsequently made several minor revisions to the standard (37 FR... explosives; storing ammonium nitrate; and storing small arms ammunition, small arms primers, and small arms..., which is extremely widespread, causes lung disease, silicosis and lung cancer. Terminating the...

Jean Frémon/Rue du Regard

OpenAIRE

Mokhtari, Sylvie

2012-01-01

La prose de Jean Frémon sur la peinture se déploie ici en 48 courts textes, dont une bonne moitié d’entre eux avait déjà connu une première édition dans des revues. Abordés isolément, les œuvres de Bill Viola, David Hockney, Antoni Tàpies, Gilles Aillaud, Roy Lichtenstein… sont soumises à la traduction littéraire qu’en donne le « regardeur de tableau, jardinier, journalier, vagabond » et écrivain. J. Frémon chemine entre art et littérature à la rencontre d’artistes qui l’interpellent dans l’H...

Oxy-fuel combustion with integrated pollution control

Science.gov (United States)

Patrick, Brian R [Chicago, IL; Ochs, Thomas Lilburn [Albany, OR; Summers, Cathy Ann [Albany, OR; Oryshchyn, Danylo B [Philomath, OR; Turner, Paul Chandler [Independence, OR

2012-01-03

An oxygen fueled integrated pollutant removal and combustion system includes a combustion system and an integrated pollutant removal system. The combustion system includes a furnace having at least one burner that is configured to substantially prevent the introduction of air. An oxygen supply supplies oxygen at a predetermine purity greater than 21 percent and a carbon based fuel supply supplies a carbon based fuel. Oxygen and fuel are fed into the furnace in controlled proportion to each other and combustion is controlled to produce a flame temperature in excess of 3000 degrees F. and a flue gas stream containing CO2 and other gases. The flue gas stream is substantially void of non-fuel borne nitrogen containing combustion produced gaseous compounds. The integrated pollutant removal system includes at least one direct contact heat exchanger for bringing the flue gas into intimated contact with a cooling liquid to produce a pollutant-laden liquid stream and a stripped flue gas stream and at least one compressor for receiving and compressing the stripped flue gas stream.

Abstract behaviour modelling and prognosis on the basis of spatially distributed sensor networks with Kohonen cards and Markov chains; Abstrakte Verhaltensmodellierung und -prognose auf der Basis raeumlich verteilter Sensornetze mit Kohonen-Karten und Markov-Ketten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matthes, J.; Keller, H.B.; Mikut, R. [Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Technik und Umwelt (Germany). Inst. fuer Angewandte Informatik

2000-10-01

Evironmental processes, e.g. local air quality changes in urban agglomerations, buildings and production halls are dynamic processes with regionally distributed physical variables. They can be monitored by networks of distributed measuring probes. Processes of this type form the basis of complex systems with many degrees of freedom and stochastic effects that are difficult to measure. The contribution presents an introduction to Markov chains, proposes a method of generating Markov chains as a prognostic model, and demonstrates the method using the example of an air quality monitoring process. [German] Fuer die Ueberwachung dynamischer Prozesse, deren physikalische Groessen raeumlich verteilt auftreten, werden oft Netze raeumlich verteilter Sensoren eingesetzt. Umweltprozesse, wie z.B. die oertliche Luftqualitaetsaenderung in Ballungsraeumen, Gebaeuden und Produktionsanlagen, aber auch verschiedene verfahrenstechnische Prozesse sind Vertreter dieser Prozessklasse. Solchen Prozessen hinterliegen komplexe Systeme, die durch eine hohe Anzahl an Freiheitsgraden und durch stochastische schwer messbare Einfluesse gekennzeichnet sind. Ziel dieses Vortrages ist es, - eine kurze Einfuehrung zu Markov-Ketten zu gegeben (Abschnitt 2); - ein datengestuetztes Verfahren vorzuschlagen, das nach einer Schaetzung abstrakter Prozesszustaende mit Hilfe von Kohonen-Karten Markov-Ketten als Prognosemodell generiert (Abschnitt 3), und - dieses Verfahren anhand eines Simulationsbeispiels zur Luftqualitaetsueberwachung zu demonstrieren (Abschnitt 4). (orig.)

Processamento cognitivo relacionado à produção em língua estrangeira e aprendizagem de falantes não-nativos de alemão

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kelly Stanich

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Aus der Sicht der Neurowissenschaft kann Kognition als ein Wissenserwerb-Prozess definiert werden, der sowohl Informationen aus der Umwelt als auch aus unserem Gedächtnis verwendet. Der Prozess baut auf Perzeption, Aufmerksamkeit, Gedächtnis und Handeln auf und läuft nicht immer bewusst ab. Es handelt sich dabei aber nicht nur um Wissenserwerb, sondern um die Umwandlung all dessen, was vom Lerner anhand seiner Identität und Erfahrungen wahrgenommen wird. Davon ausgehend wird hier ein theoretisches Modell der Wissensverarbeitung im Rahmen der Produktion in einer Fremdsprache vorgestellt, das auf neuen neurowissenschaftlichen Theorien über Gedächtnis, Lernen und die Verarbeitung von Repräsentationen häufiger linguistischer Sequenzen (chunks basiert und mit Daten aus dem Bereich Deutsch als Fremdsprache illustriert wird. Aus dem Modell ergibt sich, dass theoretisches Wissen über eine Fremdsprache und die Fähigkeit, die Sprache erfolgreich zu verwenden, als einander ergänzende, während des Lernprozesses miteinander interagierende Fähigkeiten anzusehen sind, und nicht als zwei Phasen einer durch Lernzeit und Speicherung im Gedächtnis bestimmten einheitlichen Kenntnis, wie von manchen Autoren vorgeschlagen wird.

Search for permanent EDM using laser cooled Fr atoms

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kawamura, Hirokazu, E-mail: kawamura@cyric.tohoku.ac.jp [Tohoku University, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (Japan); Aoki, T. [University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (Japan); Arikawa, H.; Ezure, S. [Tohoku University, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (Japan); Furukawa, T. [Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Physics (Japan); Harada, K. [Tohoku University, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (Japan); Hatakeyama, A. [Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Applied Physics (Japan); Hatanaka, K. [Osaka University, Research Center for Nuclear Physics (Japan); Hayamizu, T. [Tohoku University, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (Japan); Imai, K. [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Advanced Science Research Center (Japan); Inoue, T.; Ishikawa, T.; Itoh, M.; Kato, T. [Tohoku University, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (Japan); Murakami, T. [Kyoto University, Department of Physics (Japan); Nataraj, H. S.; Sato, T. [Tohoku University, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (Japan); Shimizu, Y. [Tohoku University, Department of Physics (Japan); Wakasa, T. [Kyushu University, Department of Physics (Japan); Yoshida, H. P. [Osaka University, Research Center for Nuclear Physics (Japan); and others

2013-03-15

The existence of a non-zero electric dipole moment (EDM) implies the violation of time reversal symmetry. As the time-reversal symmetry violation predicted by the Standard Model (SM) for the electron EDM is too small to be observed with current experimental techniques and any a non-zero EDM would indicate new physics beyond the SM. The tiny signal from the electron EDM is enhanced in the heavy atoms such as francium (Fr). We are constructing the laser-cooled Fr factory to search for the electron EDM.

Reduction of environmental impact by FR cycle deployment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Katoh, Atsushi; Nakai, Ryodai

2005-03-01

In this report radioactive waste generations in terms of disposal volume or disposal field equivalent, and the radioactive toxicity of HLW are evaluated to clarify the promising nuclear scenario for the sake of realization of sustainable society in 21st century. This analysis was conducted based on the outcomes of the mass flow evaluation tool 'FAMILY-21' which calculates a material balance for TRU in the following scenarios. 1) LWR once-through scenario, 2) Pu partly recycling in LWR scenario, 3) Pu full recycling in LWR scenario, 4) FBR deployment scenario, 5) Interim storage scenario. The result shows that the cumulative area of low level radioactive waste (LLW) disposal field at 2150 in the FR cycle deployment scenario is 1.8 times larger than that in the LWR once-through scenario. The area of LLW disposal field at 2150 is a few km 2 in all the scenarios. In contrast, the cumulative area of high level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal field at 2150 in the FR cycle deployment scenario is less than half of that in the LWR once-through scenario. The area of HLW disposal field at 2150 is about 10 times of the area of LLW disposal field. Moreover, the FR deployment reduces the radioactive toxicity of HLW by U/TRU recycling, and shortens the period to decay under the natural Uranium toxicity level. Considering the area of radioactive waste disposal field and the radioactive toxicity of HLW, the advantage of the FR cycle deployment is indicated quantitatively from the viewpoint of the environmental burden reduction. (author)

76 FR 63549 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Indiana; Miscellaneous Metal and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-13

.... manufacturing operations. 8-2-11 Fabric and vinyl coating. 10/23/1988 3/6/1992, 57 FR 8082. 8-2-12 Wood... transports and 11/5/1999 5/31/2002, 67 FR 38006. vapor collection systems; records. Rule 5. Miscellaneous...

78 FR 9915 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request; Basel II...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-12

...: Standardized Approach for Risk- Weighted Assets; Market Discipline and Disclosure Requirements (77 FR 52888...; Market Discipline and Disclosure Requirements (77 FR 52888); Regulatory Capital Rules: Advanced... certain approaches for determining risk-weighted assets, and (4) make certain public disclosures regarding...

75 FR 82277 - Health Insurance Issuers Implementing Medical Loss Ratio (MLR) Requirements Under the Patient...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-30

...-AA06 Health Insurance Issuers Implementing Medical Loss Ratio (MLR) Requirements Under the Patient... Register (FR Doc 2010-29596 (75 FR 74864)) entitled ``Health Insurance Issuers Implementing Medical Loss... request for comments entitled ``Health Insurance Issuers Implementing Medical Loss Ratio (MLR...

75 FR 43409 - Rhode Island: Final Authorization of State Hazardous Waste Management Program Revisions

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-26

...--Statistical Methods for Evaluating Ground-Water Monitoring Data from Hazardous Waste Facilities, 53 FR 39720... Refining Primary and Secondary Oil/Water/Solids Separation Sludge Listings, 56 FR 21955, May 13, 1991: Rule... handle hazardous sludges as hazardous wastes when they leave the zero discharge unit. Whether this...

FR4-based electromagnetic energy harvester for wireless sensor nodes

Science.gov (United States)

Hatipoglu, G.; Ürey, H.

2010-01-01

Electromagnetic (EM) energy harvesting seems to be one of the most promising ways to power wireless sensors in a wireless sensor network. In this paper, FR4, the most commonly used PCB material, is utilized as a mechanical vibrating structure for EM energy harvesting for body-worn sensors and intelligent tire sensors, which involve impact loadings. FR4 can be a better material for such applications compared to silicon MEMS devices due to lower stiffness and broadband response. In order to demonstrate FR4 performance and broadband response, three moving magnet type EM generator designs are developed and investigated throughout the paper. A velocity-damped harvester simulation model is first developed, including a detailed magnetic model and the magnetic damping effects. The numerical results agree well with the experimental results. Human running acceleration at the hip area that is obtained experimentally is simulated in order to demonstrate system performance, which results in a scavenged power of about 40 µW with 15 m s-2 acceleration input. The designed FR4 energy scavengers with mechanical stoppers implemented are particularly well suited for nearly periodic and non-sinusoidal high- g excitations with rich harmonic content. For the intelligent tire applications, a special compact FR4 scavenger is designed that is able to withstand large shocks and vibrations due to mechanical shock stoppers built into the structure. Using our design, 0.4 mW power across a load resistance at off-resonance operation is obtained in shaker experiments. In the actual operation, the tangential accelerations as a result of the tire-road contact are estimated to supply power around 1 mW with our design, which is sufficient for powering wireless tire sensors. The normalized power density (NPD) of the designed actuators compares favorably with most actuators reported in the literature.

FR4-based electromagnetic energy harvester for wireless sensor nodes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hatipoglu, G; Ürey, H

2010-01-01

Electromagnetic (EM) energy harvesting seems to be one of the most promising ways to power wireless sensors in a wireless sensor network. In this paper, FR4, the most commonly used PCB material, is utilized as a mechanical vibrating structure for EM energy harvesting for body-worn sensors and intelligent tire sensors, which involve impact loadings. FR4 can be a better material for such applications compared to silicon MEMS devices due to lower stiffness and broadband response. In order to demonstrate FR4 performance and broadband response, three moving magnet type EM generator designs are developed and investigated throughout the paper. A velocity-damped harvester simulation model is first developed, including a detailed magnetic model and the magnetic damping effects. The numerical results agree well with the experimental results. Human running acceleration at the hip area that is obtained experimentally is simulated in order to demonstrate system performance, which results in a scavenged power of about 40 µW with 15 m s −2 acceleration input. The designed FR4 energy scavengers with mechanical stoppers implemented are particularly well suited for nearly periodic and non-sinusoidal high- g excitations with rich harmonic content. For the intelligent tire applications, a special compact FR4 scavenger is designed that is able to withstand large shocks and vibrations due to mechanical shock stoppers built into the structure. Using our design, 0.4 mW power across a load resistance at off-resonance operation is obtained in shaker experiments. In the actual operation, the tangential accelerations as a result of the tire–road contact are estimated to supply power around 1 mW with our design, which is sufficient for powering wireless tire sensors. The normalized power density (NPD) of the designed actuators compares favorably with most actuators reported in the literature

Reply [to: Atlantic Tropical Cyclogenetic Processes during SOP-3 NAMMA in the GEOS-5 Global Data Assimilation and Forecast System

Science.gov (United States)

Reale, Oreste; Lau, William K.

2010-01-01

This article is a Reply to a Comment by Scott Braun on a previously published article by O. Reale, K.-M. Lau, and E. Brin: "Atlantic tropical cyclogenetic processes during SOP-3 NAMMA in the GEOS-5 global data assimilation and forecast system", by Reale, Lau and Brin, hereafter referred to as RA09. RA09 investigated the role of the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) in tropical cyclogenetic processes associated with a non-developing easterly wave observed during the Special Observation Period (SOP-3) phase of the 2006 NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (MAMMA). The wave was chosen because both interact heavily with Saharan air. Results showed: a) very steep moisture gradients are associated with the SAL in forecasts and analyses even at great distance from the Sahara; b) a thermal dipole (warm above, cool below) in the non-developing case. RA09A suggested that radiative effect of dust may play some role in producing a thermal structure less favorable to cyclogenesis, and also indicated that only global horizontal resolutions on the order of 20-30 kilometers can capture the large-scale transport and the fine thermal structure of the SAL Braun (2010) questions those results attributing the wave dissipation to midlatitude air. The core discussion is on a dry filament preceding the wave, on the presence of dust, and on the origin of the air contained in this dry filament. In the 'Reply', higher resolution analyses than the ones used by Braun, taken at almost coincident times with Aqua and Terra passes, are shown, to emphasize how the channel of dry air associated with W1 is indeed rich in dust. Backtrajectories on a higher resolution grid are also performed, leading to results drastically different from Braun (2010), and in particularly showing that there is a clear contribution of Saharan air. Finally, the 'Reply' presents evidence on that analyses at a horizontal resolution of one degree are inadequate to investigate such feature.

Chronische Polyarthritis (Früharthritis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Machold K

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Die Akkumulation von Knorpel- und Knochenschäden, wie sie für chronisch-destruktive Arthritisformen typisch ist, kann durch frühzeitige Intervention mit wirksamen Medikamenten verzögert oder verhindert werden. Voraussetzung ist die rechtzeitige Übernahme der Betreuung gefährdeter Patienten durch einen in der speziellen rheumatologischen Diagnostik und Therapie bewanderten Arzt. Dieser muß das gesamte Repertoire der Arthritistherapie (Medikamente, ergotherapeutische und physiotherapeutische Maßnahmen, Patientenaufklärung etc. entsprechend dem „State of the Art“ beherrschen. In den letzten Jahren erfolgte in vielen Ländern die Etablierung von Spezialeinrichtungen für Patienten mit früher Arthritis. Die an diesen Patienten gewonnenen Erkenntnisse deuten darauf hin, daß die „kritische Periode“, innerhalb derer eine chronische Arthritis möglicherweise reversibel ist, bei 6 bis 12 Wochen liegt.

Kooperative Planung im Kontext informeller Siedlungen in Porto Alegre, Brasilien

OpenAIRE

Zellhuber, Andrea

2010-01-01

Wie die meisten lateinamerikanischen Großstädte zeichnet sich die Peripherie von Porto Alegre durch ein dynamisches und ungeregeltes Siedlungswachstum in Form von Landbesetzungen und illegalen Parzellierungen aus. Mit Hilfe von Methoden der qualitativen Sozial¬forschung werden anhand einer Fallstudie insbesondere die damit verbundenen städtischen Umweltkonflikte analysiert und deren Einbeziehung in kooperative Planungsverfahren untersucht. Die Prozesse des ungeregelten Siedlungswachstums am S...

Variationen und ihre Kompensation in CMOS Digitalschaltungen

OpenAIRE

Baumann, Thomas

2010-01-01

Variationen bei der Herstellung und während des Betriebs von CMOS Schaltungen beeinflussen deren Geschwindigkeit und erschweren die Verifikation der in der Spezifikation zugesicherten Eigenschaften. In dieser Arbeit wird eine abstraktionsebenenübergreifende Vorgehensweise zur Abschätzung des Einflusses von Prozess- und betriebsbedingten Umgebungsvariationen auf die Geschwindigkeit einer Schaltung vorgestellt. Neben Untersuchungen der Laufzeitsensitivität in low-power CMOS Technologien von...

Exact solutions for scalar field cosmology in f(R) gravity

Science.gov (United States)

Maharaj, S. D.; Goswami, R.; Chervon, S. V.; Nikolaev, A. V.

2017-09-01

We study scalar field FLRW cosmology in the content of f(R) gravity. Our consideration is restricted to the spatially flat Friedmann universe. We derived the general evolution equations of the model, and showed that the scalar field equation is automatically satisfied for any form of the f(R) function. We also derived representations for kinetic and potential energies, as well as for the acceleration in terms of the Hubble parameter and the form of the f(R) function. Next we found the exact cosmological solutions in modified gravity without specifying the f(R) function. With negligible acceleration of the scalar curvature, we found that the de Sitter inflationary solution is always attained. Also we obtained new solutions with special restrictions on the integration constants. These solutions contain oscillating, accelerating, decelerating and even contracting universes. For further investigation, we selected special cases which can be applied with early or late inflation. We also found exact solutions for the general case for the model with negligible acceleration of the scalar curvature in terms of special Airy functions. Using initial conditions which represent the universe at the present epoch, we determined the constants of integration. This allows for the comparison of the scale factor in the new solutions with that for current stage of the universe evolution in the ΛCDM model.

First observation of high spin states and isomeric decay in 210Fr

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kanjilal, D.; Saha, S.; Bhattacharya, S.; Goswami, A.; Kshetri, R.; Raut, R.; Muralithar, S.; Singh, R. P.; Mukherjee, G.; Mukherjee, B.

2011-01-01

The first observation of the prompt and the delayed γ transitions involving the high spin states in 210 Fr is reported. The decay of the high spin states and the isomeric levels of 210 Fr, identified for the first time from the known sequence of low-lying transitions found earlier in the α decay of 214 Ac, were studied. High spin states of the doubly-odd 210 Fr, which were produced by the fusion evaporation reaction 197 Au ( 16 O, xn) 213-x Fr, were populated and the subsequent emitted γ rays were detected through the high-sensitivity germanium clover detector array INGA. The level scheme up to yrast levels of 5.3 MeV excitation energy and ∼20(ℎ/2π) angular momentum could be established for the first time through γγ, γγΔT coincidence, and DCO ratio measurements. A new low-lying isomeric transition at E γ = 203(2) keV was observed. The half-life was measured to be T 1/2 = 41(2) ns. The measured half-life was compared with the corresponding single-particle estimate, based on the level scheme obtained from the experiment.

Stellar equilibrium configurations of white dwarfs in the f(R, T) gravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carvalho, G.A.; Moraes, P.H.R.S.; Marinho, R.M.; Malheiro, M. [Instituto Tecnologico de Aeronautica, Departamento de Fisica, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil); Lobato, R.V. [Instituto Tecnologico de Aeronautica, Departamento de Fisica, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil); Sapienza Universita di Roma, Dipartimento di Fisica, Rome (Italy); ICRANet, Pescara (Italy); Arbanil, Jose D.V. [Universidad Privada del Norte, Departamento de Ciencias, Lima (Peru); Otoniel, E. [Universidade Federal do Cariri, Instituto de Formacao de Professores, Brejo Santo, CE (Brazil)

2017-12-15

In this work we investigate the equilibrium configurations of white dwarfs in a modified gravity theory, namely, f(R, T) gravity, for which R and T stand for the Ricci scalar and trace of the energy-momentum tensor, respectively. Considering the functional form f(R, T) = R+2λT, with λ being a constant, we obtain the hydrostatic equilibrium equation for the theory. Some physical properties of white dwarfs, such as: mass, radius, pressure and energy density, as well as their dependence on the parameter λ are derived. More massive and larger white dwarfs are found for negative values of λ when it decreases. The equilibrium configurations predict a maximum mass limit for white dwarfs slightly above the Chandrasekhar limit, with larger radii and lower central densities when compared to standard gravity outcomes. The most important effect of f(R, T) theory for massive white dwarfs is the increase of the radius in comparison with GR and also f(R) results. By comparing our results with some observational data of massive white dwarfs we also find a lower limit for λ, namely, λ > -3 x 10{sup -4}. (orig.)

Meeting of the Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors (TWG-FR) (39th annual meeting). Working material

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-07-01

The 39th Annual Meeting of the Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors (TWG FR) was held from 15-19 May 2006 in Beijing, China, at the invitation of the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAEA). The meeting was attended by TWG-FR Members and Advisers from the following Member States (MS): Belgium (observer), Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, Sweden (observer), the United Kingdom, and the United States. Belarus, Switzerland, the European Commission, and OECD/NEA were unable to participate. Moreover, Prof. Carlo Rubbia, CERN director general emeritus, participated, upon IAEA invitation, in the meeting as distinguished scientist and IAEA expert. Mr. S.C. Chetal, from India (Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, IGCAR), was appointed chairman. The objectives of the meeting were to: - Exchange information on the national programmes on Fast Reactors (FR) and Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS); - Review the progress since the 38th TWG-FR Annual Meeting, including the status of the actions; - Consider meeting arrangements for 2006 and 2007; - Reviewed the Agency's ongoing information exchange and co-ordinated research activities in the technical fields relevant to the TWG-FR (FRs and ADS), as well as co-ordination of the TWG-FR's activities with other organizations; - Discuss future joint activities in view of the Agency's Programme and Budget Cycle 2008-2009 (and beyond)

100-FR-3 groundwater/soil gas supplemental limited field investigation report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1996-04-01

In 1993, a Limited Field Investigation (LFI) was conducted for the 100-FR-3 Operable Unit which identified trichloroethylene (TCE) as a contaminant of potential concern (COPC) (DOE-RL 1994). In groundwater samples collected for the LFI, TCE was detected in well 199-177-1 at a concentration exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum contaminant level (5 μg/L) and Washington State groundwater criteria (3 μg/L). With the concurrence of the EPA and the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology), a supplemental LFI was conducted to determine the extent and potential source of TCE groundwater contamination associated with the 100-FR-3 Operable Unit. This report summarizes the activities and results of the groundwater/soil gas supplemental LFI for the 100-FR-3 Operable Unit. The primary objective of this investigation was to assess the lateral distribution of TCE in shallow (3 to 5 ft below the water table) groundwater associated with the 100-FR-3 Operable Unit. The second objective was to assess soil gas (3 to 5 concentrations in the study area in an attempt to identify potential sources of TCE and develop a correlation between soil gas and groundwater concentrations). Finally, the third objective of the investigation was to refine the site conceptual model

Drip Irrigation Aided Phytoremediation for Removal of TCE FR-om Groundwater

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilde, E.W.

2003-01-01

Groundwater in D-Area at the Savannah River Site (SRS) is contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and by-products resulting FR-om discharges of this organic solvent during past disposal practices. This contaminated groundwater occurs primarily at depths of 9 meters to 15 meters below ground surface, well below the depths that are typically penetrated by plant roots. The process investigated in this study involved pumping water FR-om the contaminated aquifer and discharging the water into overlying test plots two inches below the surface using drip irrigation. The field treatability study was conducted FR-om 8/31/00 to 4/18/02 using six 0.08 hectare test plots, two each containing pines, cottonwoods, and no vegetation (controls). The primary objective was to determine the overall effectiveness of the process for TCE removal and to determine the principal biotic and abiotic pathways for its removal. Results demonstrated that the process provides a viable method to remove TCE-contaminated groundwater. The data clearly showed that the presence of trees reduced volatilization of TCE FR-om the drip irrigation system to the atmosphere. Influent groundwater TCE concentrations averaging 89 mg/L were reduced to non-detectable levels (less than 5 mg/L) within the upper two feet of soil (rhizosphere)

75 FR 7150 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-17

....3, 515.21, and 520.3--Request for Extension of Time. Contact Person for More Information: Rachel Dickon, Assistant Secretary, (202) 523-5725. Rachel Dickon, Assistant Secretary. [FR Doc. 2010-3063 Filed...

Geschichtswissenschaftliche Perspektiven der Frühneuzeitforschung

OpenAIRE

Burkhardt, Johannes

2010-01-01

Geschichtswissenschaftliche Perspektiven der Frühneuzeitforschung. - In: Macht und Recht / Ulrich Lappenküper ... (Hrsg.). - Paderborn u.a. : Schöningh, 2010. - S. 33-51. - (Otto-von-Bismarck-Stiftung: Wissenschaftliche Reihe ; 13)

Capture, transport and storage of CO2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

De Boer, B.

2008-01-01

The emission of greenhouse gas CO2 in industrial processes and electricity production can be reduced on a large scale. Available techniques include post-combustion, pre-combustion, the oxy-fuel process, CO2 fixation in industrial processes and CO2 mineralization. In the Netherlands, plans for CO2 capture are not developing rapidly (CCS - carbon capture and storage). [mk] [nl

77 FR 23793 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Extension of a Currently-Approved Information...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-20

... Statistics on September 30, 1998 (63 FR 52192). Pursuant to this authority, the BTS, now part of the Research... transferred the responsibility for the F&OS program from BTS, to FMCSA (69 FR 51009). On August 10, 2006 (71... financial and statistical reporting regulations of BTS that were formerly located at chapter XI of title 49...

77 FR 65314 - Missouri: Final Authorization of State Hazardous Waste Management Program Revisions

Science.gov (United States)

2012-10-26

... application, subject to the limitations of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA). New... RCRA Cluster XI NESHAPS: Final Standards for 65 FR 42292, 07/10/ 10 CSR 25- Hazardous Air Pollutants 00... 66 FR 35087, 7/ *10 CSR 25- Checklist 188. 03/01. 7.7270(2)(D)6 is excluded from the authorization...

Physical attributes of anisotropic compact stars in f(R, G) gravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shamir, M.F.; Zia, Saeeda [National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Department of Sciences and Humanities, Lahore (Pakistan)

2017-07-15

Modified gravity is one of the potential candidates to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe. Current study highlights the materialization of anisotropic compact stars in the context of f(R, G) theory of gravity. In particular, to gain insight in the physical behavior of three stars namely, Her X1, SAX J 1808-3658 and 4U 1820-30, energy density, and radial and tangential pressures are calculated. The f(R, G) gravity model is split into a Starobinsky like f(R) model and a power law f(G) model. The main feature of the work is a 3-dimensional graphical analysis in which, anisotropic measurements, energy conditions and stability attributes of these stars are discussed. It is shown that all three stars behave as usual for positive values of the f(G) model parameter n. (orig.)

78 FR 62988 - Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Certain Consumer Products and...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-23

....gov/cases/ee/tee0010.pdf ) (last accessed September 2010); 76 FR 37408, 37514, 37541-42 (June 27, 2011... rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE has made its procedures and policies available on the Office of the... requires agencies to examine the constitutional and statutory authority supporting any action that would...

76 FR 27898 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Virginia; Prevention of...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-13

... material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the Internet and will be publicly available only...] applicable to a previously unregulated pollutant.'' Id. at 67 FR 80240 and 67 FR 80264. Among other things... the assessment process; (3) that demonstrate a clear, imminent and substantial danger to the public...

Dependence of the half-life of ²²¹Fr on the implantation environment

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olaizola, B.; Fraile, L.M.; Riisager, Karsten

2010-01-01

The possible dependence of the half-life of 221Fr on the solid-state environment has been investigated by the simultaneous measurement of implanted 221Fr ions in an insulator (Si) and a metallic substrate (Au) at the ISOLDE facility at CERN. Our results indicate that, if existing, the difference ...

[Fortieth Annual] Meeting of the Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors (TWG-FR). Working Material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2008-01-01

The objectives of the meeting were to: - Exchange information on the national programmes on Fast Reactors (FR) and Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS); - Review the progress since the 39th TWG-FR Annual Meeting, including the status of the actions; - Consider meeting arrangements for 2007, 2008 and 2009; - Review the Agency’s ongoing information exchange and co-ordinated research activities in the technical fields relevant to the TWG-FR (FRs and ADS), as well as coordination of the TWG-FR’s activities with other organizations; - Discuss future joint activities in view of the Agency’s Programme and Budget Cycle 2008–2009 (and beyond)

75 FR 22689 - Fiscal Service

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-29

... the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Financial Management Service, Financial Accounting and Services..., 2010. Sandra Paylor-Sanders, Acting Director, Financial Accounting and Services Division. [FR Doc. 2010... Bonding Company AGENCY: Financial Management Service, Fiscal Service, Department of the Treasury. ACTION...

76 FR 57845 - Approval of Air Quality Implementation Plans; California; San Joaquin Valley; Attainment Plan for...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-16

... Stationary Gas Turbines....... 4703 3rd Q--2007 September 2007 74 FR 53888 (October 21, 2009). S-IND-24 Soil Decontamination......... 4651 3rd Q--2007 September 2007 74 FR 52894 (October 15, 2009). S-IND-6 Polystyrene Foam...

77 FR 34218 - Clothing Allowance; Correction

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-11

..., Radioactive materials, Veterans, Vietnam. Approved: June 6, 2012. Robert C. McFetridge, Direc tor, Regulation... distinct type''. [FR Doc. 2012-14108 Filed 6-8-12; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 8320-01-P ...

76 FR 17459 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-29

... available in alternate formats to accommodate visual and hearing impairments. Individuals who have a disability and need an accommodation to attend the meeting may notify Katherine Ward, at (202) 295-1500 or FR...

Pharmacists' Perception of the Sale of Non-Clinically Proven Health ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

HP

ISSN: 1596-5996 (print); 1596-9827 (electronic) ... Results: Fifty six pharmacists participated in the study (response rate, 28.0 %). A total of ..... supplements: a systematic review. BMC ... Chapman C, Braun L. The professional pharmacist and.

Download this PDF file

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2008-07-18

Jul 18, 2008 ... Full Length Research Paper .... The fermenter used was a 10 L mechanically stirred tank bioreactor. (B. Braun ... Comparison of enzyme activities of Aspergillus sp. ... optimize the medium compositions in shake flask cultures.

Demonstration of Fission Product Retention in a Novel NTR Fuel, Phase II

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Several studies over the past few decades have recognized the need for advanced propulsion to explore the solar system. As early as the 1960s, Werner Von Braun and...

Demonstration of Fission Product Retention in a Novel NTR Fuel, Phase I

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Several studies over the past few decades have recognized the need for advanced propulsion to explore the solar system. As early as the 1960s, Werner Von Braun and...

75 FR 30915 - Computer Matching Program Between the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-02

... FR 29275 (June 19, 2009), and last amended at 75 FR (April 27, 2010). e. Inclusive dates of the...:30 p.m., Monday through Friday (except holidays). Please call (202) 461-4902 for an appointment...

75 FR 4408 - Notice of Public Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-27

..., pharmaceutical companies, health care delivery organizations, agricultural producers, consumer groups, and other...: January 20, 2010. Tanja Popovic, Chief Science Officer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [FR...

76 FR 40648 - Safety Enhancements Part 139, Certification of Airports; Reopening of Comment Period

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-11

... that was published on February 1, 2011. In that document, the FAA proposed several safety enhancements...-0247; Notice No. 11-01] RIN 2120-AJ70 Safety Enhancements Part 139, Certification of Airports... comment period for the NPRM published on February 1, 2011 (76 FR 5510) and reopened (76 FR 20570) April 13...

76 FR 67229 - Governors' Designees Receiving Advance Notification of Transportation of Certain Shipments of...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-31

... of Transportation of Certain Shipments of Nuclear Waste and Spent Fuel On January 6, 1982 (47 FR 596 and 47 FR 600), the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) published in the Federal Register final... Avenue, Fairbanks, AK 99709, (907) 451-2172, 24 hours: (907) 457- 1421, Cell: (907) 347-7779, (907) 451...

77 FR 38859 - Governors' Designees Receiving Advance Notification of Transportation of Certain Shipments of...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-29

... of Transportation of Certain Shipments of Nuclear Waste and Spent Fuel On January 6, 1982 (47 FR 596 and 47 FR 600), the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) published in the Federal Register final... Conservation, State of Alaska, 555 Cordova Street, Anchorage, AK 99501, (907) 269- 1099, 24 hours: (907) 457...

76 FR 22817 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; South Carolina; Update to...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-04-25

... Manufacturing'' 3. ``Section III--Kraft Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Plants'' 4. ``Section IV--Portland Cement Manufacturing'' 5. ``Section VI--Hot Mix Asphalt Manufacturing'' 6. ``Section VII--Metal Refining;'' [[Page... 54 FR 40659 Manufacturing Plants. Section IV Portland Cement 2/28/1986 2/17/1987 52 FR 4772...

76 FR 12054 - Certain Frozen Warmwater Shrimp From the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Preliminary Results...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-04

... Paper Products From the People's Republic of China, 71 FR 53079, 53082 (September 8, 2006); Final...: Petroleum Wax Candles from the People's Republic of China, 72 FR 52355, 52356 (September 13, 2007). In... Value and Negative Final Determination of Critical Circumstances: Certain Frozen and Canned Warmwater...

75 FR 19613 - First Administrative Review of Sodium Hexametaphosphate from the People's Republic of China...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-15

... Critical Circumstances, In Part: Certain Lined Paper Products from the People's Republic of China, 71 FR... Administrative Review: Petroleum Wax Candles from the People's Republic of China, 72 FR 52355, 52356 (September... Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value, Negative Preliminary Determination of Critical...

Keys to evaluating and comparing FR fabric

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Enright, M. [Westex Inc., Chicago, IL (United States)

2008-07-15

Exposure to electric arc flashes can result in the ignition of clothing, and can kill people at distances of 10 feet. This article discussed recent standards and regulations passed to ensure that employees working on or near energized electrical equipment use protective clothing made of flame resistant (FR) fabrics. The codes will require companies to comply with CSA Standard Z462 and determine which protective garments and FR fabrics are available. Employers will also be required to perform flash hazard analyses in order to determine the potential energy of hazards. Flash hazard analyses are typically performed by calculating the potential incident energy of equipment. Protective clothing is required to meet corresponding hazard risk categories. The ASTM F1506 Standard was developed to provide minimum specifications for protective clothing. The standard requires that the fabric used in protective garments must be resistant to arc flashes of varying energy levels. Many companies are simplifying compliance to the standards by implementing uniform programs that meet the highest requirements of the Standards. Arc flash suits are then made available for tasks involving higher energy level equipment. It was concluded that it is important to identify potential hazards and obtain industry consensus standards before investing in FR protective clothing. 2 figs.

78 FR 44247 - Semiannual Regulatory Agenda

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-23

... published previously a final rule establishing energy conservation standards for ice-cream freezers, self... and to add a test for measuring ice maker energy use. Timetable: Action Date FR Cite NPRM 07/00/13...

Copy number and haplotype variation at the VRN-A1 and central FR-A2 loci are associated with frost tolerance in hexaploid wheat.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Jie; Pearce, Stephen; Burke, Adrienne; See, Deven Robert; Skinner, Daniel Z; Dubcovsky, Jorge; Garland-Campbell, Kimberly

2014-05-01

The interaction between VRN - A1 and FR - A2 largely affect the frost tolerance of hexaploid wheat. Frost tolerance is critical for wheat survival during cold winters. Natural variation for this trait is mainly associated with allelic differences at the VERNALIZATION 1 (VRN1) and FROST RESISTANCE 2 (FR2) loci. VRN1 regulates the transition between vegetative and reproductive stages and FR2, a locus including several tandemly duplicated C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF) transcription factors, regulates the expression of Cold-regulated genes. We identified sequence and copy number variation at these two loci among winter and spring wheat varieties and characterized their association with frost tolerance. We identified two FR-A2 haplotypes-'FR-A2-S' and 'FR-A2-T'-distinguished by two insertion/deletions and ten single nucleotide polymorphisms within the CBF-A12 and CBF-A15 genes. Increased copy number of CBF-A14 was frequently associated with the FR-A2-T haplotype and with higher CBF14 transcript levels in response to cold. Factorial ANOVAs revealed significant interactions between VRN1 and FR-A2 for frost tolerance in both winter and spring panels suggesting a crosstalk between vernalization and cold acclimation pathways. The model including these two loci and their interaction explained 32.0 and 20.7 % of the variation in frost tolerance in the winter and spring panels, respectively. The interaction was validated in a winter wheat F 4:5 population segregating for both genes. Increased VRN-A1 copy number was associated with improved frost tolerance among varieties carrying the FR-A2-T allele but not among those carrying the FR-A2-S allele. These results suggest that selection of varieties carrying the FR-A2-T allele and three copies of the recessive vrn-A1 allele would be a good strategy to improve frost tolerance in wheat.

77 FR 32178 - Fiscal Service

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-31

... of the Treasury, Financial Management Service, Financial Accounting and Services Division, Surety... Carrico, Director, Financial Accounting and Services Division. [FR Doc. 2012-13044 Filed 5-30-12; 8:45 am...: Alterra Reinsurance USA, Inc. AGENCY: Financial Management Service, Fiscal Service, Department of the...

75 FR 72815 - Procurement List Proposed Additions

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-26

... Executive Office for Simulation, Training and Instrumentation (PEO STRI), 12350 Research Parkway, Orlando... Orlando, Orlando, FL. Patricia Briscoe, Deputy Director, Business Operations. [FR Doc. 2010-29753 Filed 11...

utilization of sweetpotato based confection technology

African Journals Online (AJOL)

oma

among women farmers in Imo state because of the health benefits, .... March 8 th – 12th. Braun, Joachim Von (2008). Rising Food Prices: What should be done? ... Washington DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

Download this PDF file

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo .... (1993) reported a likely association of blood factor III ... American. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 2(1): 29-. 31. Braun U, Nuss R, Slydler T ...

78 FR 1832 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-09

... be free and open to the public. If you require a translator or interpreter, please notify the... the agency Web site at: www.csb.gov . Dated: January 7, 2013. Rafael Moure-Eraso, Chairperson. [FR Doc...

77 FR 32496 - Notice of Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-01

... . For additional information please contact Paloma Adams-Allen at (202) 712-4378 or [email protected] . Dated: May 29, 2012. Paloma Adams-Allen, ACVFA Executive Director (A). [FR Doc. 2012-13351 Filed 5-31-12...

76 FR 31946 - Energy Conservation Program for Certain Industrial Equipment: Publication of the Petition for...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-02

... operational characteristics similar to the commercial multi-split products manufactured by Mitsubishi, Samsung... reducing its operating capacity to as little as 10% of its rated capacity. Zone diversity enables AIRSTAGE... 17528, April 9,2007); Samsung (72 FR 71387, Dec. 17, 2007); FUJITSU (72 FR 71383, Dec. 17, 2007); Daikin...

76 FR 48874 - Notice of Meetings; Correction

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-09

... Advisory Committees (Advisory Committee for Women's Services, and the Tribal Technical Advisory Committee... Workplace Programs, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. [FR Doc. 2011-20026 Filed 8-8...

75 FR 42470 - Nebraska Disaster #NE-00038

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-21

..., Greeley, Harlan, Hayes, Holt, Howard, Keya Paha, Knox, Lincoln, Logan, Loup, Madison, Mcpherson, Morrill... and 59008) James E. Rivera, Associate Administrator for Disaster Assistance. [FR Doc. 2010-17778 Filed...

75 FR 33355 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-11

.... 2. Consider and act on revisions to the LSC Accounting Guide for LSC Recipients. 3. Public comment.... Batie, Corporate Secretary. [FR Doc. 2010-14171 Filed 6-9-10; 4:15 pm] BILLING CODE 7050-01-P ...

Forty-Second Meeting of the Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors (TWG-FR). Working Material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2009-01-01

The objectives of the meeting were to: - Exchange information on the national programmes on Fast Reactors (FR) and Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS); - Review the progress since the 41st TWG-FR Annual Meeting, including the status of the actions; - Consider topical technical meetings meeting arrangements for 2009, 2010, 2011 and beyond; - Review the IAEA’s ongoing information exchange and coordinated research activities in the technical fields relevant to the TWG-FR (FRs and ADS), as well as coordination of the TWG-FR’s activities with other organizations and international initiatives; - Discuss future joint activities in view of IAEA’s Programme and Budget Cycles beyond 2010-2011

78 FR 73884 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993; National...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-12-09

..., Norman, OK; Helicon Chemical Company LLC, Orlando, FL; Lewis Machine & Tool Company, Milan, IL; Lund..., Blackhawk Management, Houston, TX; Blue Juice, Inc., San Rafael, CA; Engineering and Management Executives... FR 52787). Patricia A. Brink, Director of Civil Enforcement, Antitrust Division. [FR Doc. 2013-29272...

77 FR 24459 - Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Italy: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-24

....g., Magnesium Metal From the Russian Federation: Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review, 75 FR 26922 (May 13, 2010), unchanged in Magnesium Metal From the Russian Federation..., Malaysia, and the Philippines, 66 FR 11257, 11258 (February, 23, 2001). We intend to issue assessment...

78 FR 8185 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews of 44 Species...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-05

.... 04/1994. Haha Cyanea Endangered U.S.A (HI)....... 59 FR 10305; 03/ hamatiflora ssp. 04/1994. carlsonii. Haha Cyanea shipmanii. Endangered U.S.A (HI)....... 59 FR 10305; 03/ 04/1994. Asplenium-leaved...

77 FR 9655 - Mobility Fund Phase I Auction Updated List of Potentially Eligible Census Blocks

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-17

... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION [AU Docket No. 12-25; DA 12-187] Mobility Fund Phase I Auction.... DATES: Pursuant to the Auction 901 (Mobility Fund Phase I) Comment Public Notice, 77 FR 7152, February... 9, 2012. ADDRESSES: Pursuant to the Auction 901 (Mobility Fund Phase I) Comment Public Notice, 77 FR...

76 FR 33786 - Affirmative Decisions on Petitions for Modification Granted in Whole or in Part

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-09

... application, processing, and disposition of petitions for modification. This Federal Register Notice notifies.... No. 36-05018, located in Greene County, Pennsylvania. Regulation Affected: 30 CFR 75.1700 (Oil and... Affected: 30 CFR 75.1700 (Oil and gas wells). Docket Number: M-2009-023-C. FR Notice: 74 FR 67915 (December...

78 FR 49773 - Affirmative Decisions on Petitions for Modification Granted in Whole or in Part

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-15

... govern the application, processing, and disposition of petitions for modification. This Federal Register..., located in Taylor County, West Virginia. Regulation Affected: 30 CFR 75.1700 (Oil and gas wells). Docket.... Regulation Affected: 30 CFR 75.1700 (Oil and gas wells). Docket Number: M-2012-008-M. FR Notice: 77 FR 59674...

78 FR 15664 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; New Mexico; Interstate Transport...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-12

... Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; New Mexico; Interstate Transport of Fine Particulate Matter... (August 8, 2011, 76 FR 48208). The Transport Rule was intended to replace the earlier Clean Air Interstate..., 2005); and Transport Rule or Cross-State Air Pollution Rule, 76 FR 48208 (August 8, 2011). \\4\\ CAIR...

75 FR 4383 - Pesticide Products: Registration Applications

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-27

..., Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division (7511P), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection..., Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division, Office of Pesticide Programs. [FR Doc. 2010-1582 Filed 1-26-10...

76 FR 4266 - New Mexico Regulatory Program

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-25

... Requirements, Permit Eligibility, definitions of Ownership and Control, the AVS, Alternative Enforcement (65 FR 79582); and October 28, 1994, Use of the AVS in Surface Coal Mining Reclamation Permit Approval...

Thermodynamic laws for generalized f(R) gravity with curvature-matter coupling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu Yabo; Zhao Yueyue; Cai Ronggen; Lu Jianbo; Lu Junwang; Gao Xiaojing

2012-01-01

The first law and the generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics for the generalized f(R) gravity with curvature-matter coupling are studied in the spatially homogeneous, isotropic FRW universe. The research results show that the field equations of the generalized f(R) gravity with curvature-matter coupling can be cast to the form of the first law of thermodynamics with the so-called the entropy production terms dS ¯ and the GSL can be given by considering the FRW universe filled only with ordinary matter enclosed by the dynamical apparent horizon with the Hawking temperature. Furthermore, as a concrete example, by utilizing the GSL the constraints on the gravitational model with f 1 (R)=R+αR l and f 2 (R)=R m are also discussed. It is worth noting these results given by us are quite general and can degenerate to the ones in Einstein's general relativity and pure f(R) gravity with non-coupling and non-minimal coupling as special cases. Comparing with the case of Einstein's general relativity, the appearance of the entropy production term dS ¯ in the first law of thermodynamics demonstrates that the horizon thermodynamics is non-equilibrium one for generalized f(R) gravity with curvature-matter coupling, which is consistent with the arguments given in Akbar and Cai (2007) [13] and Eling et al. (2006) [18].

Species of Hypholoma (Fr. P. Kumm. (Strophariaceae, Agaricales in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil Espécies de Hypholoma (Fr. P. Kumm. (Strophariaceae, Agaricales no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vagner Gularte Cortez

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Detailed descriptions, illustrations, discussions and a key for identification of the known species of the genus Hypholoma (Fr. P. Kumm. in Rio Grande do Sul state are presented, as well as a revision of the Hypholoma specimens deposited in the Fungi Rickiani collection. Based on the authors' collections and the herbarium revision, the following species were recognized: H. aurantiacum (Cooke Faus, H. ericaeum (Pers.: Fr. Kühner, and H. subviride (Berk. & M.A. Curtis Dennis.Neste trabalho são apresentadas descrições, ilustrações, discussões e chave de identificação para as espécies do gênero Hypholoma (Fr. P. Kumm. conhecidas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, além de uma revisão do material de Hypholoma depositado na coleção Fungi Rickiani. A partir das coletas realizadas pelos autores, bem como estudo do material depositado nos principais herbários do estado e do país, verificou-se a ocorrência das seguintes espécies: H. aurantiacum (Cooke Faus, H. ericaeum (Pers.: Fr. Kühner e H. subviride (Berk. & M.A. Curtis Dennis.

Servants of Peitho: Pindar fr.122

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anne Pippin Burnett

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Pindar's skolion fr.122 need not concern temple prostitutes of Aphrodite, but is rather a sympotic celebration of a private person's donation of prostitutes for the enjoyment of a party of men of Corinth.

75 FR 12564 - Issuance of Permits

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-16

... Privacy Act and Freedom of Information Act, by any party who submits a written request for a copy of such.... University. 225854 Tom S. Smith, Brigham 74 FR 57702; November February 18, 2010 Young University. 9, 2009...

On Analytical Solutions of f(R) Modified Gravity Theories in FLRW Cosmologies

Science.gov (United States)

Domazet, Silvije; Radovanović, Voja; Simonović, Marko; Štefančić, Hrvoje

2013-02-01

A novel analytical method for f(R) modified theories without matter in Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetimes is introduced. The equation of motion for the scale factor in terms of cosmic time is reduced to the equation for the evolution of the Ricci scalar R with the Hubble parameter H. The solution of equation of motion for actions of the form of power law in Ricci scalar R is presented with a detailed elaboration of the action quadratic in R. The reverse use of the introduced method is exemplified in finding functional forms f(R), which leads to specified scale factor functions. The analytical solutions are corroborated by numerical calculations with excellent agreement. Possible further applications to the phases of inflationary expansion and late-time acceleration as well as f(R) theories with radiation are outlined.

Nationale und transnationale Vernetzung polnischer Städte und Regionen: Auf dem Weg zu einer nachhaltigen Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung

OpenAIRE

Dorsch, Pamela

2003-01-01

"Die Studie 'Nationale und transnationale Vernetzung polnischer Städte und Regionen - Bedeutung für eine nachhaltige Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung' liefert einen Überblick über die Einbindung polnischer Kommunen und Wojewodschaften in allgemeine und politikfeldspezifische Netzwerke auf nationaler und transnationaler Ebene. Besondere Berücksichtigung findet hierbei die Vernetzung in Fragen von Nachhaltigkeit und des Umweltschutzes. Einführend zeigt die Studie den Prozess zunehmender Dezentral...

Systematische Rezepturentwicklung für die Walzenkompaktierung Anhand binärer und ternärer Mischungen ausgewählter Komponenten

OpenAIRE

Brudy, Jörg

2007-01-01

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Optimierung von Tabletten, die aus walzenkompaktiertem Material hergestellt werden. Obwohl die Walzenkompaktierung immer mehr Interesse seitens der pharmazeutischen Industrie erfährt sind der Prozess und die Einsatzmöglichkeiten noch nicht komplett verstanden. Vor allem die Formulierungsentwicklung ist noch nicht systematisch untersucht und basiert bisher auf „trial-and-error“ Methoden. Ziel dieser Dissertation war es zwei Expertensysteme zu ers...

Untersuchung der Regulation und Aktivität der DNA-Doppelstrangbruchreparatur in humanen B-Lymphozyten

OpenAIRE

Mierau, Maren

2005-01-01

Während der T-Zell-abhängigen Immunantwort bilden die aktivierten B-Lymphozyten das Keimzentrum, in dem Klassenwechselrekombination und somatische Hypermutation stattfinden. Der Mechanismus dieser Prozesse ist besonders im Falle der somatischen Hypermutation noch weitgehend unbekannt. Als essentieller Faktor konnte bisher die Aktivierungsinduzierte Cytidindeaminase AID identifiziert werden, die über Läsionen Mutationen und eventuell auch DNA-Doppelstrangbrüche in die DNA einführen kann. Da DN...

Paradigmenwechsel in der politischen Ökologie? Zur deutschen Diskussion über die Lokale Agenda 21

OpenAIRE

Pettenkofer, Andreas

2001-01-01

Der Text berichtet über die in Deutschland geführte sozialwissenschaftliche Diskussion über das umweltpolitische Programm Lokale Agenda 21; er versucht eine vorläufige Rekonstruktion der spezifischen Gestalt der Agenda-Prozesse und ihrer Abweichungen von der westdeutschen Tradition der Politischen Ökologie, und diskutiert die theoretischen Fragen, die sich angesichts dieser neuartigen Phänomene stellen. Dabei geht es vor allem um die Angemessenheit der modernisierungstheoretischen Perspektive...

Mobilitätsbiografie und Netzwerkgeografie. Kontaktmobilität in ego-zentrierten Netzwerken

OpenAIRE

Ohnmacht, Timo

2009-01-01

Vor dem Hintergrund der erkennbaren zunehmenden Mobilisierung sozialer Akteure – sowohl im kurzfristigen Alltag als auch bei längerfristigen Standortentscheidungen – stieg in jüngster Vergangenheit das Interesse der Sozialwissenschaften an der räumlichen Mobilität sozialer Akteure und den daraus resultierenden Auswirkungen auf die sozialen Prozesse der Vergemeinschaftung. Auf diesem Forschungsgebiet aufbauend steht in dieser Arbeit die Wechselwirkung von Raum, Mobilität und soz...

Studie: Die Generation Y und deren organisatorische Implikationen

OpenAIRE

Klein, Helmut

2016-01-01

Die vorliegende Studie betrifft die Gen. Y und ihre spezifischen Anforderungen an die Unternehmensorganisation. Im Ergebnis einer durchgeführten Befragung ist festzuhalten, dass die Gen. Y die Kernkompetenzen eines Managers verstärkt einfordert und eine hohe Betreuungsintensität verlangt. Dies hat Auswirkungen auf die Führungsspanne, Planung und Kontrolle von Aufgaben, die Gestaltung der vertikalen und horizontalen Prozesse sowie die Zusammensetzung von Teamarbeitsformen. Projektarbeit sowie ...

3D-Master-Leitungssatz - Konzept zur Entwicklung von Leitungssätzen als 3D-Master in einem realistischen, vollständigen DMU-Modell

OpenAIRE

Neckenich, Jonas

2017-01-01

Die Fokussierung auf eine 3D-orientierte Produktentwicklung und einen durchgängigen 3D-Prozess wird in der heutigen Industrie immer wichtiger. Im Entwicklungsprozess des Kabelbaums trifft dabei die bauraumorientierte 3D-Entwicklung auf die produktorientierte 2D-Entwicklung. Die unsaubere Trennung zwischen bestehenden Definitionssystemen im heutigen Entwicklungsprozess führt dabei zu Datendiskrepanzen, Zeitverzug und Fehlern. Im Digital Mock-Up, welcher zur digitalen Absicherung des Fahrzeugs ...

Experimentelle, analytische und numerische Untersuchungen des Rührreibschweißprozesses

OpenAIRE

Hoßfeld, Max

2016-01-01

Mit dem Rührreibschweißverfahren steht seit einigen Jahren eine Fügetechnologie zur Verfügung, mit der viele fügetechnische Problemstellungen speziell beim Fügen von Aluminiumlegierungen gelöst oder vermieden werden können. Mittels Rührreibschweißen können sämtliche Aluminiumlegierungen zuverlässig, hocheffizient und mit einem sehr hohen Verbindungswirkungsgrad gefügt werden. Dabei weisen rührreibgeschweißte Verbindungen bereits ohne Nachbehandlung sehr gute statische und zyklische Festigkeit...

Governance processes for renewable energies; Governance-Prozesse fuer erneuerbare Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klagge, Britta; Arbach, Cora (eds.)

2013-08-01

The ''Energiewende'' (energy turnaround) and the expansion of renewable energies in Germany is at a point, where, beside the undisputable successes and future opportunities, the problems and conflicts around renewable energy production have become increasingly apparent. The challenge today lies in the further development of the successfully implemented political instruments and of the underlying governance structures. This article summarizes the most important findings of the report as policy recommendations.

Dynamique de fréquentation des grands mammifères dans une ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

31 juil. 2016 ... RÉSUMÉ. Objectifs : Dans le but de connaitre les animaux fréquentant les clairières (ou Baï) forestières au Gabon, une étude sur la fréquentation du Baï de Momba par les grands mammifères a été conduite durant la petite saison des pluies pendant deux mois du 19 février au 13 mars 2012. Méthodologie ...

Late time acceleration of the universe in f(R) gravity model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mukherjee, Ankan

2014-01-01

In this work, a new way to look at the nature of late time dynamics of the universe for f(R) gravity models using the contracted Bianchi Identity has been proposed. As the Einstein field equations contain derivatives of the curvature scalar R, the contracted Bianchi identity yields a second order nonlinear differential equation in H, the Hubble parameter. This equation is studied for two particular forms of f(R), and the late time behaviour of the model is discussed. (author)

78 FR 69097 - Performance Review Board Members

Science.gov (United States)

2013-11-18

... Michael Etzinger, Executive Officer and Director, Office of Management, Technology and Operations. Janine... Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. [FR Doc. 2013-27423 Filed 11-15-13; 8:45 am] BILLING...