Pollen and stigma size changes during the transition from tristyly to distyly in Oxalis alpina (Oxalidaceae).

Science.gov (United States)

Baena-Díaz, F; Fornoni, J; Sosenski, P; Weller, S G; Domínguez, C A

2017-11-01

Pollen and stigma size have the potential to influence male fitness of hermaphroditic plants, particularly in species presenting floral polymorphisms characterised by marked differences in these traits among floral morphs. In this study, we take advantage of the evolutionary transition from tristyly to distyly experienced by Oxalis alpina (Oxalidaceae), and examined whether modifications in the ancillary traits (pollen and stigma size) respond to allometric changes in other floral traits. Also, we tested whether these modifications are in accordance with what would be expected under the hypothesis that novel competitive scenarios (as in distylous-derived reproductive system) exert morph- and whorl-specific selective pressures to match the available stigmas. We measure pollen and stigma size in five populations of O. alpina representing the tristyly-distyly transition. A general reduction in pollen and stigma size occurred along the tristyly-distyly transition, and pollen size from the two anther levels within each morph converged to a similar size that was characterised by whorl-specific changes (increases or decreases) in pollen size of different anthers in each floral type. Overall, results from this study show that the evolution of distyly in this species is characterised not only by changes in sexual organ position and flower size, but also by morph-specific changes in pollen and stigma size. This evidence supports the importance of selection on pollen and stigma size, which increase fitness of remaining morphs following the evolution of distyly, and raises questions to explore on the functional value of pollen size in heterostylous systems under pollen competition. © 2017 German Society for Plant Sciences and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands.

Analytical, antioxidant and hepatoprotective studies on extracts of oxalis corniculata linn

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hussain, I.S.; Islam, M.; Khan, M.T.

2014-01-01

Despite a number of traditional medicinal uses and pharmacological properties, the usefulness of Oxalis corniculata Linn. (Family: Oxalidaceae) is a question due to its high oxalate content which can form insoluble salts with physiological calcium. Therefore, the present study aimed to reduce oxalates in extracts and to investigate such extracts chemically and biologically. The extraction was carried out using different solvents and methods, and analytical studies of extracts indicated that oxalate contents decrease on drying the material. Furthermore, extraction of both fresh and dried materials using 1 % aqueous calcium chloride and ferric chloride solutions resulted in lowering oxalate contents. Methanolic extracts of stems and leaves having lower oxalates were obtained using sequential extraction, which showed good in vitro antioxidant activity - by DPPH and beta-carotene linoleate models - and in vivo hepatoprotective activity in isoniazid and rifampicin-induced oxidative stressed rats (P < 0.05). It was concluded that methanolic extracts of leaves and stems of Oxalis corniculata had lower oxalates and showed promising antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. (author)

Pulsed electric field processing reduces the oxalate content of oca (Oxalis tuberosa) tubers while retaining starch grains and the general structural integrity of tubers.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Tingting; Burritt, David John; Eyres, Graham T; Oey, Indrawati

2018-04-15

The aims of this research were to investigate if pulsed electric field (PEF) treatments caused cellular/structural alterations in Oxalis tuberosa (oca) tubers and if PEF treatment could reduce tuber oxalate levels. Whole oca tubers were treated with PEF at different electric field strengths up to 1.2 kV/cm. PEF treatments above 0.5 kV/cm caused tubers to soften, but differences in the electrical properties of the tuber tissues led to an uneven PEF effect with the tuber inner cores softening more than the middle regions. Cell viability tests confirmed the unevenness of the PEF effect, however PEF caused no changes in overall tuber/tissue structure. Even at high electric field strengths the cell remained largely intact and most starch grains were retained within the cells. Despite the retention of starch, PEF treatment reduced tuber oxalate contents by almost 50% in some tissues and could potentially aid the development of low oxalate oca-based foods. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Genetic diversity of the Andean tuber-bearing species, oca (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.), investigated by inter-simple sequence repeats.

Science.gov (United States)

Pissard, A; Ghislain, M; Bertin, P

2006-01-01

The Andean tuber-bearing species, Oxalis tuberosa Mol., is a vegetatively propagated crop cultivated in the uplands of the Andes. Its genetic diversity was investigated in the present study using the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique. Thirty-two accessions originating from South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru) and maintained in vitro were chosen to represent the ecogeographic diversity of its cultivation area. Twenty-two primers were tested and 9 were selected according to fingerprinting quality and reproducibility. Genetic diversity analysis was performed with 90 markers. Jaccard's genetic distance between accessions ranged from 0 to 0.49 with an average of 0.28 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- SD). Dendrogram (UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averaging)) and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) showed that the genetic structure was influenced by the collection site. The two most distant clusters contained all of the Peruvian accessions, one from Bolivia, none from Argentina or Chile. Analysis by country revealed that Peru presented the greatest genetic distances from the other countries and possessed the highest intra-country genetic distance (0.30 +/- 0.08). This suggests that the Peruvian oca accessions form a distinct genetic group. The relatively low level of genetic diversity in the oca species may be related to its predominating reproduction strategy, i.e., vegetative propagation. The extent and structure of the genetic diversity of the species detailed here should help the establishment of conservation strategies.

Synergism between sodium chloride, sucrose and tricalcium phosphate in the osmotic dehydration of oca (Oxalis tuberosa with and without chitosan coating

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José Arroyo Portal

2010-12-01

Full Text Available We investigated the synergistic effect of three solutes (sodium chloride, sucrose, tricalcium phosphate in different combinations of concentration, on the moisture, solid gain and calcium gain in oca (Oxalis tuberosa with and without chitosan (CR and SR. In both cases applied the Simplex with Extended Centroid mixture design. Were used cylinders of oca of 0.9 cm of diameter and 3.4 cm of length. The kinetics of moisture, solid gain and calcium gain for 48 hours was evaluated. The effective diffusivity of water, solids and calcium was determined. We found that in samples CR is greater loss of water and less solid gain compared with SR samples mainly as sodium chloride or sucrose participate independently, while for the gain of calcium, in all cases, the CR samples gain more of calcium than SR samples. The effective diffusivities found are: water, 1.19E-09 m2 /s in samples CR and 1.34E-09 m2 /s in SR samples; for solid, 3.67E-09 m2 /s in samples CR and 5.43E-09 m2 /s in SR samples; and, for calcium 3.32E-11 m2 /s in samples CR and 1.57E-09 m2 /s in SR samples.

Composición química de “oca” (Oxalis tuberosa, ‘arracacha’ (Arracaccia xanthorriza y ‘tarwi’ (Lupinus mutabilis. Formulación de una mezcla base para productos alimenticios

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María Elena León Marroú

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo formular una mezcla base a partir de cultivos nativos, la cual una vez estandarizada, se constituye en materia prima de alto valor nutricional para su utilización en la elaboración de productos alimenticios como: purés, papillas y productos de panificación, entre otros. Se seleccionaron tres cultivos andinos: un tubérculo, “oca” (Oxalis tuberosa; una raíz, ‘arracacha’ (Arracaccia xanthorriza y una leguminosa, ‘tarwi’ (Lupinus mutabilis. Se realizaron por triplicado análisis bromatológicos, de minerales y vitaminas. Se formularon 8 mezclas bases a diferentes proporciones de cultivos nativos. Se seleccionó la mezcla base identificada como M7 en proporción 1:1:2 (oca:arracacha:tarwi por presentar mayor valor nutricional.

Composición química de “oca” (Oxalis tuberosa, ‘arracacha’ (Arracaccia xanthorriza y ‘tarwi’ (Lupinus mutabilis. Formulación de una mezcla base para productos alimenticios

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Sandra Elizabeth Pagador Flores

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo formular una mezcla base a partir de cultivos nativos, la cual una vez estandarizada, se constituye en materia prima de alto valor nutricional para su utilización en la elaboración de productos alimenticios como: purés, papillas y productos de panificación, entre otros. Se seleccionaron tres cultivos andinos: un tubérculo, “oca” (Oxalis tuberosa; una raíz, ‘arracacha’ (Arracaccia xanthorriza y una leguminosa, ‘tarwi’ (Lupinus mutabilis. Se realizaron por triplicado análisis bromatológicos, de minerales y vitaminas. Se formularon 8 mezclas bases a diferentes proporciones de cultivos nativos. Se seleccionó la mezcla base identificada como M7 en proporción 1:1:2 (oca:arracacha:tarwi por presentar mayor valor nutricional.

Oxalis simplicifolia (Oxalidaceae, an unusual new unifoliolate species from the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia

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David Lorence

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Oxalis simplicifolia Lorence & W. L. Wagner sp. nov., a new species from the Marquesas Islands (Ua Huka is described and illustrated. It differs from the other Marquesas species, O. gagneorum, insimple, unifoliolate glabrous leaves, minutely glandular-puberulent calyx lobes, shorter corolla lobes, erect capsules, and smaller seeds. As its habitat is under serious threat from human impact, feral animals, and weeds, we concluded this new species should be added to the IUCN Red List as critically endangered (CR.

The physical, chemical and functional characterization of starches from Andean tubers: oca (Oxalis tuberosa Molina, olluco (Ullucus tuberosus Caldas and mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pavón

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Beatriz Valcárcel-Yamani

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The physical, chemical, and functional properties of starches isolated from the Andean tubers oca (Oxalis tuberosa M., olluco (Ullucus tuberosus C. and mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum R. & P. were studied. The tubers were obtained from a local grocery. The morphology of the starch granules (size and shape was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM, which revealed ellipsoid, oval, conical, pear-shaped and prismatic forms: ellipsoids and oval granules with lengths up to 54.30 µm in oca; with lengths up to 32.09 µm for olluco starch granules; and with predominantly truncated spherical or oval forms and smaller dimensions (up to 16.29 um for mashua starch granules. Amylose contents were similar among the samples: 27.60% (oca, 26.49% (olluco and 27.44% (mashua. Olluco starch had less swelling power, forming opaque, less firm gels. All three starch gels showed the same stability on refrigeration and presented high syneresis under freezing temperatures, with a variation of 40.28 to 74.42% for olluco starch. The starches cooked easily, with high peak viscosity. The low gelatinization temperatures and high stability during cooling make these starches suitable feedstock for use in formulations that require milder processing temperatures and dispense freezing storage.

Congruence between morphological and molecular markers inferred from the analysis of the intra-morphotype genetic diversity and the spatial structure of Oxalis tuberosa Mol.

Science.gov (United States)

Pissard, Audrey; Arbizu, Carlos; Ghislain, Marc; Faux, Anne-Michèle; Paulet, Sébastien; Bertin, Pierre

2008-01-01

Oxalis tuberosa is an important crop cultivated in the highest Andean zones. A germplasm collection is maintained ex situ by CIP, which has developed a morphological markers system to classify the accessions into morphotypes, i.e. groups of morphologically identical accessions. However, their genetic uniformity is currently unknown. The ISSR technique was used in two experiments to determine the relationships between both morphological and molecular markers systems. The intra-morphotype genetic diversity, the spatial structures of the diversity and the congruence between both markers systems were determined. In the first experience, 44 accessions representing five morphotypes, clearly distinct from each other, were analyzed. At the molecular level, the accessions exactly clustered according to their morphotypes. However, a genetic variability was observed inside each morphotype. In the second experiment, 34 accessions gradually differing from each other on morphological base were analyzed. The morphological clustering showed no geographical structure. On the opposite, the molecular analysis showed that the genetic structure was slightly related to the collection site. The correlation between both markers systems was weak but significant. The lack of perfect congruence between morphological and molecular data suggests that the morphological system may be useful for the morphotypes management but is not appropriate to study the genetic structure of the oca. The spatial structure of the genetic diversity can be related to the evolution of the species and the discordance between the morphological and molecular structures may result from similar selection pressures at different places leading to similar forms with a different genetic background.

Sinergismo entre el cloruro de sodio, sacarosa y fosfato tricálcico en la deshidratación osmótica de oca (Oxalis tuberosa con y sin recubrimiento de Quitosano

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José Arroyo Portal

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se investigó el efecto sinérgico de tres solutos (cloruro de sodio, sacarosa, y fosfato tricálcico en distintas combi naciones de concentración, sobre la humedad, ganancia de sólidos y ganancia de calcio en la deshidratación osmótica de oca ( Oxalis tuberosa con y sin recubrimiento de quitosano (CR y SR. En ambos casos se aplicó un diseño de mezclas Simplex con Centroide Ampliado. Se utilizaron cilindros de oca de 0.9 cm de diámetro y 3.4 cm de longitud. S e evaluó la cinética de la humedad, ganancia de sólidos y ganancia de calcio durante 48 horas . S e determinó la difusividad efectiva del agua, sólidos y calcio. Se encont ró que en muestras CR hay mayor pérdida de agua y menor ganancia de sólidos comparado con las muestras SR, principalmente cuando el cloruro de sodio o sacarosa participa independientemente, en tanto que para la ganancia de calcio , en todos los casos, las m uestras CR ganan mayor cantidad de calcio que las muestras SR. L as difusividades efectivas encontradas fueron: para el agua, 1.19E - 09 m 2 /s en muestras CR y 1.34E - 09 m 2 /s en muestras SR; para los sólidos, 3.67E - 09 m 2 /s en muestras CR y 5.43E - 09 m 2 /s en mues tras SR ; y, para el calcio 3.32E - 11 m 2 /s en muestras CR y 1.57E - 09 m 2 /s en muestras SR.

Cultivation of minor tuber crops in Peru and Bolivia

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Leena Pietilä

1988-03-01

Full Text Available A collection mission of three Andean tuber crops, oca (Oxalis tuberosa, Oxalidaceae, ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus, Basellaceae and añu (Tropaeolum tuberosum, Tropaeolaceae, was carried out in southern Peru, Bolivia and northern Argentina. This article deals with the observations made during this mission. 55 ulluco fields were visited. In general, the fields are small, 240m2 on average, and they are mostly situated on mountain slopes. The fields are fertilized with animal dung; chemical fertilizers are quite rare. In the fields, people work with hoes ang ploughs as they did hundreds of years ago. Mechanization of agriculture would prevent full utilization of the mountainous area of the Andes. Ulluco is usually interplanted with other crops, usually, many forms of ulluco in one field. Because of crop rotation description of the fields is partly valid for the cultivation of other crops, too. Due to drastic climatic variation, cultivation of mixed varieties maybe the best way to guarantee some yield. When results of the investigations are wished to benefit developing countries, knowledge of social, agricultural and environmental factors is of great value.

Corneal Toxicity Following Exposure to Asclepias Tuberosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Mikkelsen, Lauge Hjorth; Hamoudi, Hassan; Gül, Cigdem Altuntas; Heegaard, Steffen

2017-01-01

To present a case of corneal toxicity following exposure to milky plant latex from Asclepias tuberosa. A 70-year-old female presented with blurred vision and pain in her left eye after handling an Ascepias tuberosa . Clinical examination revealed a corneal stromal oedema with small epithelial defects. The corneal endothelium was intact and folds in Descemets membrane were observed. The oedema was treated with chloramphenicol, dexamethasone and scopolamine. The corneal oedema had appeared after corneal exposure to the plant, Asclepias tuberosa , whose latex contains cardenolides that inhibit the Na + / K + -ATPase in the corneal endothelium. The oedema resolved after 96 hours. After nine months the best corrected visual acuity was 20/20. Corneal toxicity has previously been reported for plants of the Asclepias family. This is a rare case describing severe corneal toxicity caused by exposure to latex from Asclepias tuberosa . Handling of plants of the Asclepias family should be kept as a differential diagnosis in cases of acute corneal toxicity.

In Vitro Analysis of Antioxidant Activities of Oxalis Corniculata Linn ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In Vitro Analysis of Antioxidant Activities of Oxalis Corniculata Linn. Fractions in Various Solvents. D Ahmed, S Zara, H Baig. Abstract. As part of our search for natural antioxidants, this work presents an evaluation of antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Oxalis corniculata and its sub-fractions in hexane, chloroform, ...

Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Oxalis corniculata against intoxication of thioacetamide induced rats

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Kuntal Das

2012-04-01

Full Text Available The present study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous and ethanolic leaves extracts of Oxalis corniculata L., Oxalidaceae, against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity was induced in Wistar rats of either sex by subcutaneous injection of thioacetamide. An aqueous and ethanolic extract of aerial parts of O. corniculata (200 and 400 mg/kg/day were evaluated. Oral administration of O. corniculata aqueous and ethanolic leaves extract at 400 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction in SGOT (146.42±2.54 and 136.75±1.37 IU/L respectively, SGPT (81.96±3.15 and 72.05±2.33 IU/L respectively, GGTP (16.6±0.49 and 15.02±0.68 IU/L respectively, ALP (241.86±3.94 and 202.42±5.37 IU/L respectively and total bilirubin (0.226±0.00 mg/dL 0.288±0.01 mg/dL respectively content that were lesser than positive control, thioacetamide damaged rats. Histology of the liver sections of the animals treated with the extract also showed dose dependent reduction of necrosis. Hence the study concluded that O. corniculata has potential hepatoprotective activity.

Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Oxalis corniculata against intoxication of thioacetamide induced rats

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Kuntal Das

2011-10-01

Full Text Available The present study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous and ethanolic leaves extracts of Oxalis corniculata L., Oxalidaceae, against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity was induced in Wistar rats of either sex by subcutaneous injection of thioacetamide. An aqueous and ethanolic extract of aerial parts of O. corniculata (200 and 400 mg/kg/day were evaluated. Oral administration of O. corniculata aqueous and ethanolic leaves extract at 400 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction in SGOT (146.42±2.54 and 136.75±1.37 IU/L respectively, SGPT (81.96±3.15 and 72.05±2.33 IU/L respectively, GGTP (16.6±0.49 and 15.02±0.68 IU/L respectively, ALP (241.86±3.94 and 202.42±5.37 IU/L respectively and total bilirubin (0.226±0.00 mg/dL 0.288±0.01 mg/dL respectively content that were lesser than positive control, thioacetamide damaged rats. Histology of the liver sections of the animals treated with the extract also showed dose dependent reduction of necrosis. Hence the study concluded that O. corniculata has potential hepatoprotective activity.

Corneal Toxicity Following Exposure to Asclepias Tuberosa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mikkelsen, Lauge Hjorth; Hamoudi, Hassan; Gül, Cigdem Altuntas

2017-01-01

PURPOSE: To present a case of corneal toxicity following exposure to milky plant latex from Asclepias tuberosa. METHODS: A 70-year-old female presented with blurred vision and pain in her left eye after handling an Ascepias tuberosa. Clinical examination revealed a corneal stromal oedema with small...... epithelial defects. The corneal endothelium was intact and folds in Descemets membrane were observed. The oedema was treated with chloramphenicol, dexamethasone and scopolamine. RESULTS: The corneal oedema had appeared after corneal exposure to the plant, Asclepias tuberosa, whose latex contains cardenolides...... that inhibit the Na+/ K+-ATPase in the corneal endothelium. The oedema resolved after 96 hours. After nine months the best corrected visual acuity was 20/20. CONCLUSION: Corneal toxicity has previously been reported for plants of the Asclepias family. This is a rare case describing severe corneal toxicity...

Corneal Toxicity Following Exposure to Asclepias Tuberosa

OpenAIRE

Mikkelsen, Lauge Hjorth; Hamoudi, Hassan; G?l, Cigdem Altuntas; Heegaard, Steffen

2017-01-01

PURPOSE: To present a case of corneal toxicity following exposure to milky plant latex from Asclepias tuberosa.METHODS: A 70-year-old female presented with blurred vision and pain in her left eye after handling an Ascepias tuberosa. Clinical examination revealed a corneal stromal oedema with small epithelial defects. The corneal endothelium was intact and folds in Descemets membrane were observed. The oedema was treated with chloramphenicol, dexamethasone and scopolamine.RESULTS: The corneal ...

Engineering and Environmental Study of DDT Contamination of Huntsville Spring Branch, Indian Creek, and Ajacent Lands and Waters, Wheeler Reservoir, Alabama. Revision

Science.gov (United States)

1984-05-04

27. Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Plants Possibly Occurring on Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge ALABAMA FEDERAL SPECIES FAMILY STATUS1...SSC NL Oxalis grandis Oxalidaceae SSC NL Actaea pachypoda Ranunculaceae SSC NL Anemone caroliniana Ranunculaceae SSC NL Veronica anoacalis - agutc...River Valley base camps and seasonally dispersing into small groups of nuclear families to exploit the uplands. Later, during the Woodland period, the

Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Components of Oxalidaceae Fruit Extracts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Asna, N.A.; Noriham, A.

2014-01-01

The study was conducted to evaluate the Antioxidant Activity (AA), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of Oxalidaceae fruit extracts. Two types of Averrhoa carambola L. and two types of bilimbi fruits were used in this study. Bilimbi fruits selected were Averrhoa bilimbi L. and Averrhoa bilimbi cv. while Averrhoa carambola L. selected were Averrhoa carambola L. (honey type) and another type of Averrhoa carambola L. which is known as tart type. The maturity stage for both Averrhoa carambola L. fruits (honey and tart type) were selected at commercial maturity stages which were stage 3 and stage 4. Antioxidant estimation of oxalidaceae fruit extracts were evaluated by using Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and Total Phenolic Content (TPC), while antioxidant activity were evaluated using scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), β-carotene Bleaching (BCB) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. Phytochemical screening of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins and saponins were also performed on all samples. Averrhoa carambola L. indicated positive results for all phytochemical screening conducted and similar results were observed from bilimbi fruits, except for alkaloids. Averrhoa carambola L. (tart type) of stage 4 possessed higher TPC and TFC followed by Averrhoa carambola L. (honey type) of stage 4. Averrhoa carambola L. (tart type) of stage 4 also exhibited high scavenging effect (74 %) as determined by DPPH assay with the value of EC 50 72.36 mg/ ml while Averrhoa carambola L. (honey type) of stage 3 showed significantly lower percentage of scavenging effect. The results also demonstrated that FRAP values of Averrhoa carambola L. (honey type) of stage 4 and Averrhoa carambola L. (tart type) of stage 4 were higher than other samples (5.1023 mmol TE/ g and 5.0759 mmol TE/ g) and similar trends were observed for β-carotene Bleaching (BCB) assay, where Averrhoa carambola L. (honey type) of stage 4

IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA AKTIF DAUN PLETEKAN (Ruellia tuberosa L. DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN GC-MS

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Ida Ayu Nopiari

2017-02-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT The use of traditional medicines in human therapies has been claimed to be much safer than that of synthetic medicines with many negative side effects. Pletekan plant (Ruellia tuberosa L. has been used empirically for years as an antidiabetic as its leaves contain poly phenolic compounds with the ability to stimulate beta cells of the pancreas so that its capability to produce insulin improved. The main objective of our research was to identify active compounds contained in Ruellia tuberosa L. leaves extracted with ethanol. Fractionation of these active compounds was conducted by applying column and thin layer chromatography using Dichlorometan and Ethylacetat with a ratio of 6:3 as eluent. Each active compound resulted from fractionation was identified using GC-MS analysis. The results showed that four active compounds (Hexadecanamide, 9-Octadecenamide, (Z, Octadecenamide and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid were identified in this analysis. Keywords: Ruellia tuberosa L., identification of active compounds.

Nootropic activity of tuber extract of Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb).

Science.gov (United States)

Rao, N Venkata; Pujar, Basavaraj; Nimbal, S K; Shantakumar, S M; Satyanarayana, S

2008-08-01

Nootropic effect of alcoholic (ALE; 50, 75, 100 mg/kg) and aqueous (AQE; 100, 200, 400 mg/kg) extracts of P. tuberosa was evaluated by using Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), scopolamine-induced amnesia (SIA), diazepam-induced amnesia (DIA), clonidine-induced (NA-mediated) hypothermia (CIH), lithium-induced (5-HT mediated) head twitches (LIH) and haloperidol-induced (DA- mediated) catalepsy (HIC) models. Piracetam was used as the standard drug. A significant increase in inflexion ratio (IR) was recorded in EPM, SIA and DIA models. A significant reversal effect was observed on rectal temperature in CIH model, reduction of head twitches in LIH models. However no significant reduction in catalepsy scores in HIC models were observed with test extracts and standard piracetam. The results indicate that nootropic activity observed with ALE and AQE of tuber extracts of P. tuberosa could be through improved learning and memory either by augmenting the noradrenaline (NA) transmission or by interfering with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release. Further, the extracts neither facilitated nor blocked release of the dopamine (DA). Thus ALE and AQE elicited significant nootropic effect in mice and rats by interacting with cholinergic, GABAnergic, adrenergic and serotonergic systems. Phytoconstituents like flavonoids have been reported for their nootropic effect and these are present in both ALE and AQE extracts of tubers of P. tuberosa (Roxb) and these active principles may be responsible for nootropic activity.

Esclerosis Tuberosa. Revisión

OpenAIRE

Fernández Concepción, Otman; Gómez García, Ariel; Sardiñaz Hernández, Norberto

1999-01-01

Se realiza una revisión actualizada sobre las peculiaridades clínicas, radiológicas y neuropatológicas de la esclerosis tuberosa, la más representativa de las enfermedades neurocutáneas que evolucionan con manchas hipocrómicas y segunda en frecuencia de las facomatosis. Las manchas hipocrómicas asociadas con espasmos infantiles o cardiomegalia en lactantes y la evidencia de crisis epilépticas y angiofibromas faciales en la infancia tardía, constituyen las formas habituales de presentación de ...

The Effects of Root Extract Ruellia tuberosa L on Histopathology and Malondialdehyde Levels on the Liver of Diabetic Rats

Science.gov (United States)

Nur Laily Kurniawati, Alfin; Aulanni'am; Srihardyastutie, Arie; Safitri, Anna

2018-01-01

The aim of this research is to study antidiabetic activity of root extract of Ruellia tuberosa L on rats (Rattus novergicus) induced by multiple-low dose streptozotocin as animal diabetic models. The parameters investigated were blood glucose levels, free radicals (MDA, malondialdehyde) levels and hepatic histopathology. The main materials used were n-hexane root extracts from Ruellia tuberosa L. Three groups of rats, including control group (group I), diabetic group (group II), and therapy group with Ruellia tuberosa L (group III), were used. Streptozotocin was given at multiple-low dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight for 5 times in 5 consecutive days i.p. to rats in groups II and III. The Ruellia tuberosa L extracts were then given orally for group III in the dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight per day for 3 weeks. Results of the current work showed that root extract Ruellia tuberosa L had lowered blood glucose levels on rats in group III by 60.3%, from 299.7 ± 24.7 mg/dL up to 119.0 ± 26.6 mg/dL. Moreover, the antidiabetic activity of Ruellia tuberosa L extracts also deduced from decrease of MDA levels in group III, from 3.5 ± 0.3 μg/mL up to 1.7 ± 0.4 μg/mL. The recovery of hepatic organ from treatment group has also been proven from the its histology profiles stained with hematoxylin-eosin.

Iridoid Glucosides from Phlomis tuberosa L. and Phlomis herba-ventis L

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Alipieva, Kalina A.; Jensen, Søren Rosendal; Franzyk, Henrik

2000-01-01

A new iridoid glucoside, 5-deoxysesamoside, was isolated from Phlomis tuberosa together with three known iridoid glucosides sesamoside, shanzhiside methyl ester and lamalbid. Lamiide was found in Ph. herba-ventis ssp. pungens. in high concentrations....

Rcdisterona de Pfaffia tuberosa (Spreng.) Hicken

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Nishimoto, Nobushigue; Shiobara, Yoshinori; Inoue, Shun-suke; Fujino, Masumi; Takemoto, Tsunematsu; Yeoh, Cheow Lin; Hashimoto, Goro

1986-01-01

As raízes secas da espécie brasileira Pfaffia tuberosa (Spreng.) Hicken foram submetidas a extração com metanol. Deste extrato metanólico foram isolados a ecdisterona e o ácido oleanólico, através de processos de separação por HPLC e cromatografia em coluna. Tanto a ecdisterona como o ácido oleanólico foram identificados comparativamenve com os respectivos padrões. Análise quantitativa por HPLC mostrou 0,23% de ecdisterona. Este teor foi corsiderado baixo em relação a outra espécie, também br...

Caracterização físico-química de algumas tuberosas amiláceas

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Leonel Magali

2002-01-01

Full Text Available As principais fontes de amido comercial no mundo são o milho, a batata e a mandioca. Entretanto, nos últimos anos vem crescendo o interesse em amidos naturais que possam ser utilizados pela indústria alimentícia. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar, quanto à composição físico-química, açafrão, ahipa, araruta, batata-doce, biri, inhame e mandioquinha-salsa, tuberosas amiláceas potencialmente passíveis de introdução como matérias-primas de interesse comercial. Amostras das tuberosas foram analisadas quanto ao teor de umidade, cinzas, proteína, matéria graxa, açúcares redutores e totais, fibras e amido. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que das tuberosas analisadas as que apresentaram maior teor de amido foram a araruta (Maranta arundinacea, o inhame (Dioscorea sp e o biri (Canna edulis, sendo que o inhame e o biri apresentaram também o maior rendimento potencial em toneladas de amido/hectare.

Rcdisterona de Pfaffia tuberosa (Spreng.) Hicken

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Nishimoto,Nobushigue; Shiobara,Yoshinori; Inoue,Shun-suke; Fujino,Masumi; Takemoto,Tsunematsu; Yeoh,Cheow Lin; Hashimoto,Goro

1986-01-01

As raízes secas da espécie brasileira Pfaffia tuberosa (Spreng.) Hicken foram submetidas a extração com metanol. Deste extrato metanólico foram isolados a ecdisterona e o ácido oleanólico, através de processos de separação por HPLC e cromatografia em coluna. Tanto a ecdisterona como o ácido oleanólico foram identificados comparativamenve com os respec­tivos padrões. Análise quantitativa por HPLC mostrou 0,23% de ecdisterona. Este teor foi corsiderado baixo em relação a outra espécie, também b...

Rcdisterona de Pfaffia tuberosa (Spreng. Hicken

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Nobushigue Nishimoto

Full Text Available As raízes secas da espécie brasileira Pfaffia tuberosa (Spreng. Hicken foram submetidas a extração com metanol. Deste extrato metanólico foram isolados a ecdisterona e o ácido oleanólico, através de processos de separação por HPLC e cromatografia em coluna. Tanto a ecdisterona como o ácido oleanólico foram identificados comparativamenve com os respectivos padrões. Análise quantitativa por HPLC mostrou 0,23% de ecdisterona. Este teor foi corsiderado baixo em relação a outra espécie, também brasileira, a Pfaffia iresinoides.

Esclerose tuberosa: avaliação de miofibroblastos em angiofibromas cutâneos - relato de caso

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Perez,Erick Gomes; Paranaíba,Lívia Ribeiro; Bonan,Paulo Rogério; Orsi Júnior,Julian Miranda; Oliveira,Adriano Macedo de; Martelli Júnior,Hercílio

2010-01-01

Esclerose tuberosa é uma condição rara e autossômica dominante. Miofibroblastos são células que exibem fenótipo híbrido entre fibroblastos e células musculares lisas. O objetivo deste caso clínico é mostrar as características clínicas e histopatológicas da esclerose tuberosa e avaliar miofibroblastos nos angiofibromas cutâneos dessa condição. Lesões removidas foram coradas em HE e tricrômico de Masson. Para determinar a presença de miofibroblastos foi usada imunoistoquímica para α-SMA. E...

Avaliação das atividades hipoglicemiante e anti-hiperglicemiante do extrato hidroalcóolico das folhas da Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae em modelos experimentais de hiperglicemia Evaluation of hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities in hydroethanolic extract of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae in experimental models of hyperglycemia

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Ciomar Aparecida Bersani-Amado

2005-03-01

Full Text Available As atividades hipoglicemiante e anti-hiperglicemiante do extrato hidroalcóolico obtido das folhas da Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae foram avaliadas em ratos, utilizando-se diferentes modelos experimentais de hiperglicemia: diabetes tipo 1 induzido por aloxana, intolerância à glicose e resistência aguda à insulina induzidas pela dexametasona e resistência crônica à insulina em modelo de obesidade induzida pelo monoglutamato de sódio. O extrato hidroalcóolico da Averrhoa carambola, na dose de 800 mg/Kg de peso corporal, não apresentou atividades hipoglicemiantes e anti-hiperglicemiantes nos modelos de hiperglicemia testadosThe hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities of a hydroethanolic extract prepared from the leaves of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae was evaluated in rats, through the experimental models of hyperglycemia: type 1 alloxan-induced diabetes, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance induced by dexamethasone and the chronic insulin resistance in obesity model induced by sodium monoglutamate. The hydroethanolic Averrhoa carambola extract at a dosage of 800 mg/Kg body weight did not exhibit hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities in the hyperglycemic experimental models tested

Anticancer activity of Cynodon dactylon and Oxalis corniculata on Hep2 cell line.

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Salahuddin, H; Mansoor, Q; Batool, R; Farooqi, A A; Mahmood, T; Ismail, M

2016-04-30

Bioactive chemicals isolated from plants have attracted considerable attention over the years and overwhelmingly increasing laboratory findings are emphasizing on tumor suppressing properties of these natural agents in genetically and chemically induced animal carcinogenesis models. We studied in vitro anticancer activity of organic extracts of Cynodon dactylon and Oxalis corniculata on Hep2 cell line and it was compared with normal human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) by using MTT assay. Real Time PCR was conducted for p53 and PTEN genes in treated cancer cell line. DNA fragmentation assay was also carried out to note DNA damaging effects of the extracts. The minimally effective concentration of ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon and methanolic extract of Oxalis corniculata that was nontoxic to HCEC but toxic to Hep2 was recorded (IC50) at a concentration of 0.042mg/ml (49.48 % cell death) and 0.048mg/ml (47.93% cell death) respectively, which was comparable to the positive control. Our results indicated dose dependent increase in cell death. P53 and PTEN did not show significant increase in treated cell line. Moreover, DNA damaging effects were also not detected in treated cancer cell line. Anticancer activity of these plants on the cancer cell line showed the presence of anticancer components which should be characterized to be used as anticancer therapy.

8,14-Secopregnane glycosides from the aerial parts of Asclepias tuberosa.

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Warashina, Tsutomu; Noro, Tadataka

2009-07-01

Twenty pregnane glycosides, tuberoside A(1)-L(5), were isolated from the diethyl ether-soluble fraction of the MeOH extract from the aerial parts of Asclepias tuberosa (Asclepiadaceae). The pregnane glycosides were composed of 8,12;8,20-diepoxy-8,14-secopregnane as aglycon, and D-cymarose, D-oleandrose, D-digitoxose and/or D-glucose as the component sugars. Their structures were established using NMR spectroscopic analysis and chemical methodologies.

PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE UMBUZEIRO (Spondias tuberosa Arruda Câmara EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS E TAMANHO DE RECIPIENTES

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Flávio Ricardo da Silva Cruz

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The species Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam. (umbuzeiro stands out as one of the tree species with the greatest potential of the Brazilian semiarid. Even though it’s significant socioeconomic and environmental importance, there is a lack of studies aimed at establishing a seedlings production model of this kind of plant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the production of seedlings Spondias tuberosa using different substrates and size of bags. The experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Plant Ecology Laboratory (LEV from the Agrarian Sciences Center (CCA of the Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB, Areia/ PB. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 2 x 7 and subdivided blocks containers plots and subplots substrates. It were used substrates formulated from the starting mixture of subsoil land (37.5-100%, sand (12.5-25% and tanned cattle manure (10-50%. The containers used were black polyethylene bags with a volume of 1900 cm 3 (15 x 27 cm and 5000 cm 3 (25 x 26 cm. To obtain seedlings of Spondias tuberosa seeds were sown in seed masonry until the transplant (90 days after sowing. At 78 days after transplanting the seedlings were evaluated for height, root collar diameter, relationship shoot/root collar diameter, xylopodium diameter, root length, dry weigh of shoot and root. The datas were subjected to analysis of variance and F test, measured and compared by Tukey test at 5% probability, using the software SISVAR ® . The substrates with cattle manure provided higher values for height and root length. For the seedlings production of Spondias tuberosa , is recommended substrate subsoil land (45% + sand (15% + cattle manure (40%.

Health properties of oca (Oxalis tuberosa) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius).

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Jimenez, María Eugenia; Rossi, Analia; Sammán, Norma

2015-10-01

Andean roots and tubers are underexploited crops; many contain compounds beneficial to health, so a greater knowledge of their properties is important for encouraging their consumption. The aim of this work was to study the content of bioactive compounds of yacon and oca and their effect on intestinal health using as a model rats of the Wistar strain. Two varieties of ocas (Overa and Rosada) and yacon, which contain significant amounts of fructooligosaccharides and phenolic compounds, were chosen. Rats of the Wistar strain were fed for two months with diets containing these foods in amounts sufficient to provide 8% of fiber. A significant decrease in pH values and an increment in lactobacilli and bifidobacteria counts in the cecum of rats fed with inulin, oca Rosada and Overa were observed; there was no significant decrease in enterobacteriaceae and enterococci counts. The cecum antioxidant activity was incremented in rats fed with the experimental foods with respect to the control diets. The components of dietary fiber and phenolic compound contents in yacon and oca produce effects that contribute to the intestinal health of the experimental animals.

New 8,12;8,20-diepoxy-8,14-secopregnane hexa- and hepta-glycosides from the roots of Asclepias tuberosa.

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Warashina, Tsutomu; Miyase, Toshio

2018-01-01

Previously, phytochemical investigation of the roots of Asclepias tuberosa (Asclepiadaceae) led to the isolation of some 8,12;8,20-diepoxy-8,14-secopregnane tri-, tetra-, and penta-glycosides. An additional eight new minor 8,12;8,20-diepoxy-8,14-secopregnane glycosides were afforded in the recent investigation of this plant. These glycosides consisted of six or seven 2,6-dideoxy-hexopyranoses together with the aglycone, tuberogenin. The structures of each of these compounds were established using NMR, mass spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. As 8,12;8,20-diepoxy-8,14-secopregnane-type glycosides were observed only in A. tuberosa, these compounds were considered to be characteristic phytochemicals of this plant.

Genetic diversity and germplasm conservation of three minor Andean tuber crop species

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Malice M.

2009-01-01

Full Text Available In traditional Andean agrosystems, three minor tuber crop species are of regional or local importance: oca (Oxalis tuberosa Molina, ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus Caldas and mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz and Pav.. Genetic diversity within these species is very large and could result from the high ecological and cultural variability that characterizes the Andean area. Nowadays, many anthropic or ecological factors cause the loss of diversity and contribute to genetic erosion. The development of conservation strategies for genetic resources of Andean tubers, in situ as well as ex situ, includes a better knowledge of diversity in addition to the study of Andean farming strategies linked to this genetic diversity.

Caracterización de la esclerosis tuberosa en pacientes que consultan al Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Medellín, Colombia

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Dagoberto Nicanor Cabrera Hémer; Jaime Carrizosa Moog; Olga Juliana Cuéllar; Dionis Vallejo Mesa; José Vladimir Tobón Areiza; José William Cornejo Ochoa

2008-01-01

La esclerosis tuberosa (ET) es una enfermedad autosómica dominante, que afecta muchos sistemas y cursa con diversas manifestaciones clínicas, entre ellas epilepsia, retardo mental y lesiones cutáneas. Se hizo un estudio retrospectivo para contribuir a la caracterización de la esclerosis tuberosa en Medellín, Colombia. Se revisaron 21 historias, 62% mujeres y 38% hombres; la edad media al momento del diagnóstico fue 23 meses, todos los pacientes tenían epilepsia y lesiones cutáneas, las crisis...

IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA AKTIF DAUN PLETEKAN (Ruellia tuberosa L.) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN GC-MS

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Ida Ayu Nopiari; Ni Putu Adriani Astiti; Ngurah Intan Wiratmini

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT The use of traditional medicines in human therapies has been claimed to be much safer than that of synthetic medicines with many negative side effects. Pletekan plant (Ruellia tuberosa L.) has been used empirically for years as an antidiabetic as its leaves contain poly phenolic compounds with the ability to stimulate beta cells of the pancreas so that its capability to produce insulin improved. The main objective of our research was to identify active compounds contained in Rue...

Habitat influence on antioxidant activity and tannin concentrations of Spondias tuberosa.

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de Sousa Araújo, Thiago Antônio; de Almeida e Castro, Valerium Thijan Nobre; de Amorim, Elba Lúcia Cavalcanti; de Albuquerque, Ulysses Paulino

2012-06-01

Different habitat conditions can be responsible for the production of secondary metabolites and for the antioxidant properties of plant products. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the antioxidant activity and tannin concentrations in the stem bark of Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) varied with collection site. The bark was collected from 25 individual trees, distributed in five different landscape units, as follows: agroforestry gardens, areas of pastures, maize cultivation areas, mountain areas and mountain bases, with the former 3 being considered as anthropogenic habitats, and the latter 2 considered as habitats with native coverage. The study was conducted in the rural area of the city of Altinho, Pernambuco State (Northeast Brazil). The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method was used to measure the antioxidant activity and tannin concentrations were evaluated by using the radial diffusion method. The results demonstrated that there were no significant differences among the tannin concentrations of the individuals from the native (6.27% ± 1.75) or anthropogenic areas (4.63% ± 2.55), (H = 2.24; p > 0.05). In contrast, there were significant differences (H = 5.1723; p 0.05) or in the anthropogenic areas (r = 0.38; p > 0.05). Because the variation of the antioxidant capacity of S. tuberosa bark was not accompanied by a variation in the tannin concentration, this property may be related to the presence of other metabolite(s).

Ocurrencia simultánea de neurofibromatosis y esclerosis tuberosa, adquiridas como neomutaciones

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Janeiro, P; Cunha, M; Cordeiro, I; Santos, H; Antunes, N

2008-01-01

Introducción. La neurofibromatosis tipo 1 y la esclerosis tuberosa son dos síndromes neurocutáneos distintos, resultado de la mutación de genes supresores tumorales, que aumentan la propensión a la génesis tumoral. Ambas tienen una herencia autosómica dominante y la mitad de los casos corresponden a nuevas mutaciones. Estas enfermedades raramente se presentan asociadas. Caso clínico. Niño sin antecedentes familiares de enfermedades neurocutáneas, que presenta características de neurofibrom...

Sistemas de labranza y densidades de la batata: calidad del suelo y de las raíces tuberosas.

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Maiby Pérez-Darniz

2016-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de sistemas de labranza y densidades de siembra en la calidad de las raíces tuberosas de batata (Ipomoea batata (L Lamb.. El estudio se realizó en la Universidad Central de Venezuela, en el año 2014. Se determinaron los grados de severidad de la degradación del suelo y su correspondencia con las escalas de preferencia basadas en el peso unitario y dimensiones de la raíz tuberosa. Se usó un arreglo en franjas, donde los sistemas de labranza (SL fueron asignados a las parcelas, y las densidades de siembra (Ds a las franjas. Los SL consistieron en labranza vertical con cincel (LC, con arado de disco (LA, convencional con tres pases de rastra de disco (LCo y mínima con un pase de rastra de disco (LM. Las Ds fueron de 0,25 cm (D1 y 0,15 cm (D2 en la hilera. La calidad física del suelo fue superior en los tratamientos de LA. De estos, la combinación con la distancia de siembra más larga (LA-D1 favoreció la mayor calidad postcosecha del cultivo. Al contrario, en los tratamientos con cincel se promovió la menor aceptación del consumidor. La ligera a moderada severidad de la degradación del suelo no explicó la variación de la calidad postcosecha. Se in ere sobre la menor tasa de movimiento de agua en LC, que promovió un exceso de humedad y la más baja calidad de la raíz tuberosa.

Interaction between Bees and the Tristylous Flowers of Oxalis cytisoides Mart. & Zucc. (Oxalidaceae

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Cristiane Krug

2012-01-01

individuals (n=87. Anthesis lasted one day (6:30 AM to 3 PM. No fruit was formed in the autogamy test; thus, pollination was dependent on the visitors. The pollen grain size varied between the stamens and morphs and formed subsets in accordance with the stigma height (long/mid/short. We collected 165 bees from 30 species visiting the flowers. Hypanthium divaricatum was the most abundant bee species (34% and the males were often observed patrolling the flowers in search of females for mating. Analysis of the pollen loads from 34 females showed that 27 carried O. cytisoides pollen. The most frequent bees that carried O. cytisoides pollen grains on their bodies were considered pollinator agents, responsible for transferring pollen grains among the floral morphs.

Non fu tutta colpa di padre Giacinto: spiegazioni troppo semplici e realtà (come sempre complesse nel cammino di Oxalis pes-caprae L. dal Sudafrica al Mediterraneo

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Maria Adele Signorini

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Oxalis pes-caprae L. (= Oxalis cernua Thunb. is a geophyte native to South Africa (Cape region that was introduced in Europe in the second half of the eighteenth century as a cultivated plant. It is currently widely naturalized in many regions with mild climates all over the world and in several countries it has become a very noxious weed, due to its impressive capability of spreading through bulbils. According to a theory reported also in Pignatti’s Flora of Italy, all populations currently growing in Europe and the Mediterranean basin originated from a single plant introduced in the island of Malta by an English lady, who gave the plant collected in South Africa as a present to padre Giacinto, a monk and a botanist who founded the Botanical Garden in La Valletta. Starting from Malta, Oxalis pes-caprae would have subsequently spread along Mediterranean coasts and later in the whole continent. According to this theory, all European and Mediterranean populations would be merely parts of the same clone, made up of individuals genetically identical to the one originally arrived in Malta. An investigation based on original data mainly taken from herbarium specimens and bibliographic sources, definitely contradicts this theory, in favor of a more articulated explanation: the species invasion in the area is most likely the result of several different arrivals – both intentional and unintentional – occurred in different times and different places.

8,12;8,20-Diepoxy-8,14-secopregnane glycosides from the aerial parts of Asclepias tuberosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Warashina, Tsutomu; Noro, Tadataka

2010-02-01

Further study of constituents from the aerial parts of Asclepias tuberosa afforded twenty-two new steroidal glycosides along with tuberoside B(5) and G(5). These glycosides were confirmed to contain 8,12;8,20-diepoxy-8,14-secopregnanes, tuberogenin and its congeners, as their aglycones. The structure of each of these compounds was elucidated based on the interpretation of NMR and MS measurements and from chemical evidence.

Two new Oxalis species (Oxalidaceae) from the Ai-Ais / Richtersveld Transfrontier Park, South Africa

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Roets, F.; Oberlander, K.C.; Dreyer, L.L.

2012-01-01

South Africa has a rich, but scantily surveyed, desert flora. Documenting annual and geophytic species in this biome is challenging, as they usually only flower after adequate precipitation, which is characteristically erratic and infrequent. Recent floristic surveys in the Ai-Ais / Richtersveld

Description of Thecavermiculatus andinus n.sp. (Meloidoderidae), a Round Cystoid Nematode from the Andes Mountains of Peru.

Science.gov (United States)

Golden, A M; Franco, J; Jatala, P; Astogaza, E

1983-07-01

Thecavermiculatus andinus n.sp. is described and illustrated from Oxalis tuberosa originally collected in the vicinity of Lake Titicaca high in the Andes mountains of southern Peru. This new species differs markedly front the other two species in the genus, especially in having a much greater female vulval-anal distance and annules with lined punctation on most of the female body with a lacelike pattern restricted to the posterior portion, particularly at the vulva and anus which do not protrude. Females are essentially spherical with protruding neck, white to yellowish in color, and can easily be mistaken for potato cyst nematodes. Among the dozen or more known weed and crop host plants are potato and eggplant. In order to accommodate this new species, the genus Thecavermieulatus is emended. A key to the species of this genus is presented.

Esclerosis Tuberosa. Revisión

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Otman Fernández Concepción

1999-09-01

Full Text Available Se realiza una revisión actualizada sobre las peculiaridades clínicas, radiológicas y neuropatológicas de la esclerosis tuberosa, la más representativa de las enfermedades neurocutáneas que evolucionan con manchas hipocrómicas y segunda en frecuencia de las facomatosis. Las manchas hipocrómicas asociadas con espasmos infantiles o cardiomegalia en lactantes y la evidencia de crisis epilépticas y angiofibromas faciales en la infancia tardía, constituyen las formas habituales de presentación de le enfermedad, aunque no es raro observar formas paucisintomáticas en la adultez. Los nódulos subependimarios, las tuberosidades corticales y los astrocitomas de células gigantes son las manifestaciones neuropatológicas características de este proceso, identificables radiológicamente mediante tomografía axial computadorizada y resonancia magnética nuclear craneales. El diagnóstico precoz permite brindar consejo genético a los padres; y la evaluación periódica de los casos, la identificación temprana de posibles complicaciones.An updated review on the clinical, radiological and neuropathological pecularities of tuberous sclerosis is made. This is the most representative of the neurocutaneous diseases that evolve with hypochromic stains and is the second in frequency of pharcomatosis. The hypochromic stains associated with infantile spasms or cardiomegaly in infants and the evidence of epileptic seizures and facial angiofibromas in late childhood are the habitual forms of presentation of this disease, although it is not rare to observe oligosymptomatic forms in adults. The subepindemal nodules, the cortical tuberosities and the astrocytomas of giant cells are the characteristic neuropathological manifestations of this process that may be radiologically identified by CAT and cranial magnetic resonance imaging. The early diagnosis allows to give genetic counseling to parents, to periodically evaluate the cases, and to identify the

Relato de caso: esclerose tuberosa

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Samuel Simis

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Introdução: O Complexo de Esclerose Tuberosa (CET é uma síndrome neurocutânea transmitida hereditariamente, de traço autossômico dominante e que se manifesta por uma tríade clássica: deficiência mental, convulsões e adenoma sebáceo. A mutação responsável pela síndrome está presente em até 85% dos portadores de CET e.ocorre nos genes supressores tumorais TSC1 e TSC2, que produzem hamartina e tuberina, respectivamente.A prevalência do CET é de 1:10.000 a 1:170.000, atinge mais indivíduos do sexo masculina e é rara em negros. Relato de Caso: R.C.S.B., paciente do sexo feminino, 16 anos, vem encaminhada ao ambulatório de neurologia devido a quadro de convulsões tônico-clônicas generalizadas e crises de ausência diárias há 1 ano, mas com história de convulsões aos 2 anos que cessaram espontaneamente. Está em tratamento com fenitoína 200mg/dia e carbamazepina 800mg/dia, mas ainda apresenta crises de ausência. A paciente apresenta as lesões cutâneas típicas do CET: adenomas sebáceos (angiofibroma em face distribuídos simetricamente entre nariz e bochechas, envolvendo ainda fronte e queixo. Não há sinais de retardo mental. A ressonância nuclear magnética revelou imagens com padrão compatível com áreas de desmielinização. O eletroencefalograma encontrava-se normal. Conclusão: O tratamento do CET ainda é um desafio para muitos neurologistas, uma vez que não há tratamento específico para doença. A paciente deve contar com equipe multidisciplinar, por vezes é necessário acompanhamento com neurologista, dermatologista, geneticista, psicólogos e outros, dependendo das manifestações do CET. A finalidade terapêutica é a qualidade de vida da paciente, que pode ser prejudicada pelas várias convulsões ou alterações estéticas da doença.

Distribution of endophytic bacteria in Alopecurus aequalis Sobol and Oxalis corniculata L. from soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Anping Peng

Full Text Available The distributions of endophytic bacteria in Alopecurus aequalis Sobol and Oxalis corniculata L. grown in soils contaminated with different levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs were investigated with polymerase chain reaction followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technology (PCR-DGGE and cultivation methods. Twelve types of PAHs, at concentrations varying from 0.16 to 180 mg·kg(-1, were observed in the roots and shoots of the two plants. The total PAH concentrations in Alopecurus aequalis Sobol obtained from three different PAH-contaminated stations were 184, 197, and 304 mg·kg(-1, and the total PAH concentrations in Oxalis corniculata L. were 251, 346, and 600 mg·kg(-1, respectively. The PCR-DGGE results showed that the endophytic bacterial communities in the roots and shoots of the two plants were quite different, although most bacteria belonged to Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. A total of 68 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from different tissues of the two plants and classified into three phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. In both plants, Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were the dominant cultivable populations. With an increase in the PAH pollution level, the diversity and distribution of endophytic bacteria in the two plants changed correspondingly, and the number of cultivable endophytic bacterial strains decreased rapidly. Testing of the isolated endophytic bacteria for tolerance to each type of PAH showed that most isolates could grow well on Luria-Bertani media in the presence of different PAHs, and some isolates were able to grow rapidly on a mineral salt medium with a single PAH as the sole carbon and energy source, indicating that these strains may have the potential to degrade PAHs in plants. This research provides the first insight into the characteristics of endophytic bacterial populations under different PAH pollution levels and provides a

Perdas na comercialização de quatro hortaliças tuberosas em supermercados de Guanhães/MG

OpenAIRE

Castro, Eloísia Maria Canuto de

2013-01-01

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as perdas pós-colheita de quatro raízes tuberosas: batata-baroa, batata-doce, beterraba e cenoura, ocorridas no processo de comercialização em dois supermercados (A e B), na cidade de Guanhães/MG. Os supermercados tinham a mesma capacidade, porém o supermercado B estocava as hortaliças em câmara frigorífica e a exposição nas gôndolas era parcelada de acordo com as vendas. Para obtenção dos dados, fez-se acompanhamento das atividades desenvolvidas pelo at...

Properties of Single K+ and Cl− Channels in Asclepias tuberosa Protoplasts 1

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Schauf, Charles L.; Wilson, Kathryn J.

1987-01-01

Potassium and chloride channels were characterized in Asclepias tuberosa suspension cell derived protoplasts by patch voltage-clamp. Whole-cell currents and single channels in excised patches had linear instantaneous current-voltage relations, reversing at the Nernst potentials for K+ and Cl−, respectively. Whole cell K+ currents activated exponentially during step depolarizations, while voltage-dependent Cl− channels were activated by hyperpolarizations. Single K+ channel conductance was 40 ± 5 pS with a mean open time of 4.5 milliseconds at 100 millivolts. Potassium channels were blocked by Cs+ and tetraethylammonium, but were insensitive to 4-aminopyridine. Chloride channels had a single-channel conductance of 100 ± 17 picosiemens, mean open time of 8.8 milliseconds, and were blocked by Zn2+ and ethacrynic acid. Whole-cell Cl− currents were inhibited by abscisic acid, and were unaffected by indole-3-acetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Since internal and external composition can be controlled, patch-clamped protoplasts are ideal systems for studying the role of ion channels in plant physiology and development. Images Fig. 5 PMID:16665712

Active phytochemicals of Pueraria tuberosa for DPP-IV inhibition: in silico and experimental approach.

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Srivastava, Shivani; Shree, Priya; Tripathi, Yamini Bhusan

2017-01-01

We had earlier reported that the extract of Pueraria tuberosa significantly inhibits DPP-IV enzyme, resulting in glucose tolerance response in rats. In this study, we have explored the active phytochemicals responsible for this potential. The results have been validated in both fasting and postprandial states in the plasma of normal rats and also in fasting blood and intestinal homogenates of diabetic models. Pueraria tuberosa water extract (PTWE) was administered to normal Charles Foster rats for 35 days and to diabetic model (65 mg/kg bw) for 10 days. After treatments, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin was done for 90 min, and the changes in the levels of GLP-1, GIP, and DPP-IV activities were monitored in fasting and postprandial states. In the case of the diabetic model, DPP-IV activity was measured in intestinal homogenate and basal insulin in plasma. The components of PTWE were analyzed via HPLC-MS based on their chemical formula, molecular mass, and retention time. Using the molecular docking study, we have selected the top five components having strong binding energy with DPP-IV. The increase in secretion of GLP-1 and GIP was significantly higher in the postprandial state when compared to fasting condition. GLP-1 plasma concentration increased by 5.8 and 2.9 folds and GIP increased by 8.7 and 2.4 folds in PTWE and control rats, respectively. In contrast, the postprandial decrease in DPP-IV specific activities was recorded at 2.3 and 1.4 folds. The response in OGTT and insulin was also consistent with these changes. In comparison to diabetic controls, PTWE-administered rats showed decreased DPP-IV activity in the intestine, leading to enhanced basal insulin concentration. Through molecular docking, we found Puerarone and Robinin to be the most potential phytochemicals of PTWE for DPP-IV inhibition. Binding energy (kcal/mol) and dissociation constant (pM) of Robinin with DPP-IV protein were found to be 7.543 and 2,957,383.75, respectively

Caracterización de la esclerosis tuberosa en pacientes que consultan al Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Medellín, Colombia

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Dagoberto Nicanor Cabrera Hémer

2008-11-01

Full Text Available La esclerosis tuberosa (ET es una enfermedad autosómica dominante, que afecta muchos sistemas y cursa con diversas manifestaciones clínicas, entre ellas epilepsia, retardo mental y lesiones cutáneas. Se hizo un estudio retrospectivo para contribuir a la caracterización de la esclerosis tuberosa en Medellín, Colombia. Se revisaron 21 historias, 62% mujeres y 38% hombres; la edad media al momento del diagnóstico fue 23 meses, todos los pacientes tenían epilepsia y lesiones cutáneas, las crisis más frecuentes fueron las parciales con generalización secundaria (66%, 47% tuvieron espasmos infantiles, la mayoría presentaron dos o más tipos de crisis (90%. Todos los pacientes recibieron anticonvulsivantes, los más frecuentemente utilizados fueron: fenobarbital, ácido valproico, vigabatrina, carbamazepina y clonazepam. En general, la mayoría de los pacientes requirieron varios medicamentos durante la evolución de su enfermedad y los pocos que lograron un adecuado control de la epilepsia, lo hicieron con anticonvulsivantes de primera generación. CONCLUSIÓN:las características de nuestra serie son similares a las reportadas en la literatura mundial. Los antiepilépticos de primera generación siguen siendo la principal herramienta terapéutica para el tratamiento inicial de los pacientes Medellín.

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE DIEZ VARIEDADES DE OXALIS TUBEROSA MOLINA (OCA Y ALTERNATIVAS DE INDUSTRIALIZACIÓN

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Elizabeth Miriam Torres Santa Cruz

2005-01-01

El estudio de factibilidad técnica, financiera y económica para la producción anual de 1000 TM de harina de oca Yurac con 9.5% de humedad, demuestra que el proyecto genera utilidades y desarrollo económico en las zonas productoras por su efecto multiplicador, mostrando una TIR económica de 21,5%.

Phytoremediation efficiency of Portulaca tuberosa rox and Portulaca oleracea L. naturally growing in an industrial effluent irrigated area in Vadodra, Gujrat, India.

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Tiwari, K K; Dwivedi, S; Mishra, S; Srivastava, S; Tripathi, R D; Singh, N K; Chakraborty, S

2008-12-01

Phytoremediation is a novel, solar-driven and cost-effective technology for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated environments through exploitation of plants ability to accumulate heavy metals in their harvestable shoot parts. In the present investigation, we collected plants of two species of Portulaca i.e. P. tuberosa and P. oleracea from field sites in Vadodra, Gujrat, India. At one site, field was being irrigated with industrial effluent while at other with tube well water. Analysis of heavy metals was performed in industrial effluent, tube well water, soils irrigated with them, and in different parts viz., roots, stem, leaves and flowers of the plant samples. Industrial effluent and soil irrigated with it had very high level of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cd, Cr and As) as compared to the tube well water and soil irrigated with that. Plants of both the species growing in effluent irrigated soils showed high accumulation of metals in all plant parts with the maximum being in roots and the least in flowers. Interestingly, both species of Portulaca hyperaccumulated more than one heavy metal viz., Cd, Cr and As. The total shoot concentrations (microg g(-1) dw) of Cd, Cr and As in P. tuberosa were 1,571, 7,957 and 3,118, respectively while in P. oleracea, these were 1,128, 7,552 and 2,476, respectively. Portulaca plants have good biomass and high regeneration potential; hence appear to be suitable for the remediation of effluent (metal) contaminated areas.

Astrocitoma subependimario de células gigantes asociado a complejo de esclerosis tuberosa: recomendaciones para el diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento.

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Matilde Ruiz; Sandra Sánchez; Alejandro Rea; Roberto Sanromán; Joao García; Antonio Bravo; Infante Cantú; Hugo Ceja; Ariadna González; María del Mar Sáez

2015-01-01

RESUMEN El complejo de esclerosis tuberosa es una enfermedad genética poco frecuente, autosómica dominante con fenotipo y expresión clínica muy variables. Se caracteriza por alteraciones en la migración, diferenciación y proliferación celulares con formación de múltiples tumores benignos llamados hamartomas, las cuales afectan principalmente piel, encéfalo, riñón, ojo, corazón y pulmón. Los astrocitomas subependimarios de células gigantes son tumores benignos de crecimien...

8,12;8,20-diepoxy-8,14-secopregnane glycosides from roots of Asclepias tuberosa and their effect on proliferation of human skin fibroblasts.

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Warashina, Tsutomu; Umehara, Kaoru; Miyase, Toshio; Noro, Tadataka

2011-10-01

A pregnane glycoside fraction from the roots of Asclepias tuberosa L. caused normal human skin fibroblasts to proliferate. This fraction contained 21 pregnane glycosides whose structures were established using NMR spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. The aglycones of most of these compounds were identified as 8,12;8,20-diepoxy-8,14-secopregnanes, such as tuberogenin or 5,6-didehydrotuberogenin, the same aglycones as constituents of the aerial parts of this plant. Some of these compounds also caused proliferation of skin fibroblasts. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hypotensive effect of aqueous extract of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) in rats: an in vivo and in vitro approach.

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Soncini, Roseli; Santiago, Michael B; Orlandi, Lidiane; Moraes, Gabriel O I; Peloso, André Luiz M; dos Santos, Marcelo H; Alves-da-Silva, Geraldo; Paffaro, Valdemar A; Bento, Antonio C; Giusti-Paiva, Alexandre

2011-01-27

Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) leaves are used in Brazilian traditional medicine to treat hypertension. This study was conducted to evaluate the hypotensive effect of the aqueous extract of Averrhoa carambola (AEAc) and its underlying mechanisms in the isolated rat aorta. The effect of AEAc on the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was determined in vivo in anesthetized rats. In vitro, thoracic aortic rings were isolated and suspended in organ baths, and the effects of AEAc were studied by means of isometric tension recording experiments. In HPLC analysis, the fingerprint chromatogram of AEAc was established. In normotensive rats, AEAc (12.5-50.0 mg/kg, i.v.) induced dose-dependent hypotension. In vitro, AEAc caused a depression in the E(max) response to phenylephrine without a change in sensibility. Also, in a depolarized Ca(2+)-free medium, AEAc inhibited CaCl(2)-induced contractions and caused a concentration-dependent rightward shift of the response curves, indicating that AEAc inhibited the contractile mechanisms involving extracellular Ca(2+) influx. These results demonstrate the hypotensive effects of AEAc, and these effects may, in part, be due to the inhibition of Ca(2+), which supports previous claims of its traditional use. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Recognizing rural territorial heritage: characterization of Andean tuber production systems in Boyacá

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Clavijo Ponce Neidy Lorena

2011-08-01

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In the municipalities Ventaquemada and Turmequé (Boyacá- Colombia, we identified 20 small agricultures by their production systems including the following Andean tubers: Ullucus tuberosus Caldas (ulluco, Oxalis tuberosa Molina (oca, and Tropaeolum tuberosum R. & P. (Mashua, which were important in their family meals and culture, however, their use has declined and the area has not seen research and development processes that provide alternatives for handling, conservation, use and marketing, and now are at the risk of disappearing. This research conducted participatory assessment processes for the characterization of production systems and initiated reassessment processes of territorial heritage, identifying common sub-farm agrobiodiversity and projects for these traditional Andean tuber crops in order to enhance the special and knowhow knowledge surrounding the production.

Temperature-driven flower longevity in a high-alpine species of Oxalis influences reproductive assurance.

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Arroyo, Mary T K; Dudley, Leah S; Jespersen, Gus; Pacheco, Diego A; Cavieres, Lohengrin A

2013-12-01

How high-alpine plants confront stochastic conditions for animal pollination is a critical question. We investigated the effect of temperature on potential flower longevity (FL) measured in pollinator-excluded flowers and actual FL measured in pollinated flowers in self-incompatible Oxalis compacta and evaluated if plastically prolonged potential FL can ameliorate slow pollination under cool conditions. Pollinator-excluded and hand-pollinated flowers were experimentally warmed with open-top chambers (OTCs) on a site at 3470 m above sea level (asl). Flower-specific temperatures, and pollinator-excluded and open-pollination flower life-spans were measured at six alpine sites between 3100 and 3470 m asl. Fruit set was analyzed in relation to inferred pollination time. Warming reduced potential FL. Variable thermal conditions across the alpine landscape predicted potential and actual FL; flower senescence was pollination-regulated. Actual FL and potential FL were coupled. Prolonged potential FL generally increased fruit set under cooler conditions. Plastic responses permit virgin flowers of O. compacta to remain open longer under cooler temperatures, thereby ameliorating slow pollination, and to close earlier when pollination tends to be faster under warmer conditions. Plastic potential FL provides adaptive advantages in the cold, thermally variable alpine habitat, and has important implications for reproductive success in alpine plants in a warming world. © 2013 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2013 New Phytologist Trust.

Superação da dormência de sementes de umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa, Arr. Câm. utilizando diferentes métodos Overcoming dormancy of 'umbuzeiro' seeds (Spondias tuberosa, Arr. Câm. by using different methods

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Paulo Sérgio Nascimento Lopes

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Vários frutos de espécies nativas da região semiárida possuem grande potencial de comercialização, dentre eles destaca-se o umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa, Arr. Câmara. Entretanto, cultivos comerciais desta espécie são limitados pela dificuldade da obtenção de mudas, em função principalmente da dormência de suas sementes. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os métodos de superação de dormência da semente de umbuzeiro, visando a promover incrementos nas taxas de germinação, uniformidade e vigor das plântulas. Foram montados dois experimentos independentes. Os tratamentos do primeiro experimento foram: testemunha, imersão dos pirênios em água por 24 horas, imersão dos pirênios em solução de ácido giberélico com 1.000 mg/L por 24 horas, escarificação dos pirênios com ácido sulfúrico PA por 10 minutos e escarificação mecânica. No segundo experimento, os tratamentos consistiram em se plantar os pirênios com 0; 30; 60; 90; 120; 150; 180 e 210 dias de armazenados em sacos de papel sob condições de laboratório, a uma temperatura média de 22,5C° e umidade relativa do ar média de 65%. No primeiro estudo, constatou-se que houve efeito significativo dos métodos de superação de dormência, sendo que escarificação mecânica foi o que apresentou os melhores resultados, com uma taxa de germinação média aos 60 dias pós-plantio de 26,6%. Já no segundo, as sementes armazenadas influenciaram positivamente na germinação e no vigor da plântula. Os melhores resultados para uniformidade e porcentagem de germinação (83% foram obtidos entre 120 e 210 dias de armazenamento das sementes, enquanto para o comprimento e massa fresca da radícula e hipocótilo foram entre 120 e 150 dias.Several fruits of native species of semi-arid region have great potential for commercialization, and among them there is the Spondias tuberosa. However, commercial cultivation of this species is limited by the

Fibroma desmoplásico de mandíbula asociado a esclerosis tuberosa: Revisión de la literatura y presentación de un caso Desmoplastic fibroma of the jaw associated with tuberous sclerosis: Literature review and case report

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M. Acosta Feria

2008-04-01

Full Text Available La esclerosis tuberosa es una anomalía congénita del desarrollo embrionario que se transmite de forma autosómica dominante caracterizada por la presencia por trastornos neurológicos, cutáneos o dermatológicos, y retraso mental. Se pueden afectar otros órganos y sistemas, y dar manifestaciones orofaciales. La lesión a nivel del esmalte dental constituye la lesión intraoral más frecuente. Rara vez se pueden encontrar lesiones óseas en los maxilares. El fibroma desmoplásico es un infrecuente tumor fibroso intraóseo localmente agresivo de lento crecimiento, que se asocia muy rara vez a la esclerosis tuberosa. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente de 33 años afecto de esclerosis tuberosa con una lesión en la mandíbula diagnosticada como fibroma desmoplásico. Se discuten los métodos diagnósticos, presentación clínica y tratamiento.Tuberous sclerosis is a congenital anomaly of embryonic development with an autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by the presence of neurologic and dermatologic disorders and mental retardation. It can affect other organs and systems and produce orofacial manifestations. Dental enamel defects are the most frequent intraoral lesion. Bone lesions rarely occur in the upper jaw. Desmoplastic fibroma is an infrequent, slow-growing, locally aggressive intraosseous fibrous tumor that rarely is associated with tuberous sclerosis. We report the clinical case of a 33-year-old man with tuberous sclerosis and a jaw lesion diagnosed as desmoplastic fibroma. The diagnostic methods, clinical presentation, and treatment are discussed.

Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Isoorientin Isolated from Tubers of Pueraria tuberosa

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Kotha Anilkumar

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Inflammation is the major causative factor of different diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Anti-inflammatory drugs are often the first step of treatment in many of these diseases. The present study is aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory properties of isoorientin, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 inhibitor isolated from the tubers of Pueraria tuberosa, in vitro on mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7 and in vivo on mouse paw edema and air pouch models of inflammation. Isoorientin reduced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cell line in vitro and carrageenan induced inflammatory animal model systems in vivo. Cellular infiltration into pouch tissue was reduced in isoorientin treated mice compared to carrageenan treated mice. Isoorientin treated RAW 264.7 cells and animals showed reduced expression of inflammatory proteins like COX-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX, and interleukin 1-β (IL-1-β both in vitro and in vivo. The antioxidant enzyme levels of catalase and GST were markedly increased in isoorientin treated mice compared to carrageenan treated mice. These results suggest that isoorientin, a selective inhibitor of COX-2, not only exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS induced RAW cells and carrageenan induced inflammatory model systems but also exhibits potent antioxidant properties.

Ocatin. A novel tuber storage protein from the andean tuber crop oca with antibacterial and antifungal activities.

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Flores, Teresita; Alape-Girón, Alberto; Flores-Díaz, Marietta; Flores, Hector E

2002-04-01

The most abundant soluble tuber protein from the Andean crop oca (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.), named ocatin, has been purified and characterized. Ocatin accounts for 40% to 60% of the total soluble oca tuber proteins, has an apparent molecular mass of 18 kD and an isoelectric point of 4.8. This protein appears to be found only in tubers and is accumulated only within the cells of the pith and peridermis layers (peel) of the tuber as it develops. Ocatin inhibits the growth of several phytopathogenic bacteria (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aureofaciens) and fungi (Phytophthora cinnamomi, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Nectria hematococcus). Ocatin displays substantial amino acid sequence similarity with a widely distributed group of intracellular pathogenesis-related proteins with a hitherto unknown biological function. Our results showed that ocatin serves as a storage protein, has antimicrobial properties, and belongs to the Betv 1/PR-10/MLP protein family. Our findings suggest that an ancient scaffolding protein was recruited in the oca tuber to serve a storage function and that proteins from the Betv 1/PR-10/MLP family might play a role in natural resistance to pathogens.

Ocatin. A Novel Tuber Storage Protein from the Andean Tuber Crop Oca with Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities1

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Flores, Teresita; Alape-Girón, Alberto; Flores-Díaz, Marietta; Flores, Hector E.

2002-01-01

The most abundant soluble tuber protein from the Andean crop oca (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.), named ocatin, has been purified and characterized. Ocatin accounts for 40% to 60% of the total soluble oca tuber proteins, has an apparent molecular mass of 18 kD and an isoelectric point of 4.8. This protein appears to be found only in tubers and is accumulated only within the cells of the pith and peridermis layers (peel) of the tuber as it develops. Ocatin inhibits the growth of several phytopathogenic bacteria (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aureofaciens) and fungi (Phytophthora cinnamomi, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Nectria hematococcus). Ocatin displays substantial amino acid sequence similarity with a widely distributed group of intracellular pathogenesis-related proteins with a hitherto unknown biological function. Our results showed that ocatin serves as a storage protein, has antimicrobial properties, and belongs to the Betv 1/PR-10/MLP protein family. Our findings suggest that an ancient scaffolding protein was recruited in the oca tuber to serve a storage function and that proteins from the Betv 1/PR-10/MLP family might play a role in natural resistance to pathogens. PMID:11950978

Regeneración in vitro de brotes de Polianthes tuberosa L. a partir de yemas vegetativas de la inflorescencia y de tejido de cormo

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Fanny Hernández-Mendoza

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Polianthes tuberosa L. es una planta endémica de México, comercialmente se cultiva para flor de corte, y, además, es utilizada en la industria farmacéutica y del perfume. Tradicionalmente, los productores la propagan utilizando los cormos, lo que ha ocasionado que el cultivo presente poca variabilidad genética y posiblemente, por esta razón solo se conocen cultivares con flores blancas. Con base en lo anterior el objetivo de la presente investigación consistió en establecer la metodología práctica y competitiva para propagar in vitro Polianthes tuberosa L. Las yemas y pequeños segmentos de tejido de cormo fueron colocadas sobre la superficie del medio de cultivo, base GC (comunicación personal Guillermo Carrillo con las sales inorgánicas del medio de cultivo Murashige y Skoog (1962 por litro, 50 mL de agua de coco, 20 g de sacarosa, 6.4 g de agar y el pH fue ajustado a 5.7. Con este medio básico se prepararon medios de cultivo que contenían bencilaminopurina (BAP, ácido naftalenacético (ANA, ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D, ácido indolacético (AIA, y cinetina. La formación de brotes que dieron origen a las plántulas ocurrió mediante, la regeneración directa de la yema floral la cual al crecer forma sólo una plántula y a partir del tejido de la base de la yema, de esta región se obtuvieron hasta seis brotes por yema en el medio que contiene BAP, 4.5 mg y ANA, 0.1 mg, del cual la regeneración de brotes fue mayor (56.1 %. En el caso de cormo el problema fue la contaminación llegando en algunos casos hasta el 100 % de los cultivos. Es de resaltar la importancia de poder lograr la regeneración masiva in vitro de plantas de nardo a partir de yemas florales.

Phylogenetic marker development for target enrichment from transcriptome and genome skim data: the pipeline and its application in southern African Oxalis (Oxalidaceae)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Schmickl, Roswitha; Liston, A.; Zeisek, Vojtěch; Oberlander, Kenneth; Weitemier, K.; Straub, S. C. K.; Cronn, R. C.; Dreyer, L. L.; Suda, Jan

2016-01-01

Roč. 16, č. 5 (2016), s. 1124-1135 ISSN 1755-098X R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) EE2.3.30.0048 Institutional support: RVO:67985939 Keywords : cytonuclear discordance * genome skimming * low-copy nuclear genes Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 7.332, year: 2016

Effects of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) juice mediated on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and its influence on regulatory protein expression in the injured kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

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Pham, Hoa Thi Thai; Huang, Wansu; Han, Chuangye; Li, Juman; Xie, Qiuqiao; Wei, Jinbin; Xu, Xiaohui; Lai, Zefeng; Huang, Xiang; Huang, Renbin; Wen, Qingwei

2017-01-01

Recently, many reports have shown that Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) juice (EACJ) could reduce blood glucose in humans. However, its mechanisms have not been well explored; therefore, our study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of EACJ on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and renal injury in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Those mice were injected with STZ via the tail vein (120 mg/kg body weight) and were identified as diabetic mice when the level of blood glucose was ≥ 11.1 mmol/L. Those mice were intragastriced gavage with saline, EACJ (25, 50, 100 g/kg body weight/d) and metformin (320 mg/kg body weight/d) for 21 days. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), free fatty acids (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), Scr (CREA) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were significantly decreased, while the sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), Cyclic Adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and insulin were elevated. Diabetes-dependent alterations in the kidney, such as glomerular hypertrophy, thicken and tubular basement membrane, were improved after 21 days of EACJ treatment. Hyperglycemia, renal formation and the expressions of related proteins such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) were markedly decreased by EACJ. These results indicate that EACJ treatment decrease hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and inhibit the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN), which may be linked to regulating several pharmacological targets for treating or preventing DN.

[Chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Andean roots and tubers grown in Northwest of Argentina].

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Jiménez, María Eugenia; Sammán, Norma

2014-06-01

There is great interest in consuming foods that can provide the nutrients for a good nutrition and other health beneficial compounds. The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of native foods of the Andean region and to quantify some functional com-ponents. Proximal composition, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (DPPH) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roots, boiled and boiled and stored) of 6 varieties of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), 4 clones of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius were determined. The results showed greater amount of bioactive compounds and antiradical activity in the skin of these products. The highest content was found in the oca peel. In all cases, the content of insoluble fiber was greater than the soluble. The manioc had higher total starch than Andean roots and tubers. The boiling process decreased the resistant starch content of ocas and maniocs, but when these are stored for 48 h at 5 ° C, the resistant starch content increased. The FOS content of the ocas was similar for all varieties (7%). The main component of yacon carbohydrates were FOS (8.89%). The maniocs did not contain FOS. It can be concluded that the roots and tubers studied, in addition to provide nutrients, contain functional compounds that confer additional helpful value for preventing no communicable diseases.

Tuberous Sclerosis

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... National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Esclerosis tuberosa Order NINDS Publications Patient Organizations Child Neurology ... National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Esclerosis tuberosa Order NINDS Publications Definition Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) ...

Effect of 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione, isolated from Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) roots, on advanced glycation end-product-mediated renal injury in type 2 diabetic KKAy mice.

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Zheng, Ni; Lin, Xing; Wen, Qingwei; Kintoko; Zhang, Shijun; Huang, Jianchun; Xu, Xiaohui; Huang, Renbin

2013-05-10

The roots of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) have a long history of medical use in traditional Chinese medicine for treating diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. 2-Dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (DMDD) was isolated from the tuberous roots of A. carambola L. The purpose of this study was to investigate the beneficial effect of DMDD on the advanced glycation end-product-mediated renal injury in type 2 diabetic KKAy mice with regard to prove its efficacy by local traditional practitioners in the treatment of kidney frailties in diabetics. KKAy mice were orally administrated DMDD (12.5, 25, 50mg/kg body weight/d) or aminoguanidine (200mg/kg body weight/d) for 8 weeks. Hyperglycemia, renal AGE formation, and the expression of related proteins, such as the AGE receptor, nuclear factor-κB, transforming growth factor-β1, and N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine, were markedly decreased by DMDD. Diabetes-dependent alterations in proteinuria, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and serum urea-N and glomerular mesangial matrix expansion were attenuated after treatment with DMDD for 8 weeks. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, which are reduced in the kidneys of KKAy mice, were enhanced by DMDD. These findings suggest that DMDD may inhibit the progression of diabetic nephropathy and may be a therapeutic agent for regulating several pharmacological targets to treat or prevent of diabetic nephropathy. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contribución al estudio cariológico del género Nepeta l. en la Península Ibérica

OpenAIRE

Ubera, Jose L.

1982-01-01

En el presente trabajo, se estudian cariológicamente 14 taxones del género Nepeta en la Península Ibérica. Son nuevos, al parecer, los siguientes números cromosómios: N. nepetella subsp. cordifolia, n = 17; N, nepetalla subsp. aragonensis, n = 17; N. amethystina subsp. mallophora, n= 17, 2n = 34; N. multibrateata, n = 9, 2n= 18; N. tuberosa subsp. tuberosa. n = 9,2n = 18; N. tuberosa subsp. reticulata, n = 9, 2n = 18; N. granatensis n = 18, 2n = 36; N. Latiha, n = 18; N. coerulea, n =...

Caracterização e qualidade de frutos de umbu-cajá (Spondias tuberosa X S. mombin provenientes do Recôncavo Sul da Bahia Characterization and quality of umbu-caja fruits (Spondias tuberosa X S. mombin procceeding from the Southern Reconcavo in Bahia

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Márcio Barros dos Santos

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O Recôncavo Sul da Bahia apresenta uma significativa riqueza de fruteiras nativas com grande potencial alimentício. Além de indicativos etnológicos sobre seus usos como alimento, pouco se conhece sobre elas, principalmente sobre sua composição bromatológica. A exemplos destas fruteiras, encontram-se os frutos do umbu-cajá (Spondias tuberosa X S. mombin que são amplamente consumidos in natura ou na forma de produtos processados em quase todo o Brasil. Devido à crescente aceitação de seus produtos e à incessante busca por novos sabores, as agroindústrias vêm despertando o interesse tanto para o mercado interno quanto para exportações. Entretanto, apesar do forte interesse comercial, poucos estudos foram efetuados na busca de respostas sobre a sua composição. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve o objetivo de efetuar a caracterização física, físico-química e mineralógica dos frutos de umbu-cajá cultivados nas condições climáticas do Recôncavo Sul da Bahia. Foram realizadas análises de peso do fruto e da casca; tamanho e diâmetro; percentagem de casca, semente e polpa; pH; sólidos solúveis totais; acidez titulável; relação sólido solúveis/acidez (Ratio; índice tecnológico; açúcares (redutores, não redutores e totais; vitamina C; proteína; umidade; lipídios; fibra bruta; amido; e minerais (fósforo, ferro, cálcio, sódio e potássio. Os frutos apresentaram tamanho grande (23,18g com rendimento considerável de polpa (69,70 % e razoáveis valores de açucares (7,49 %, acidez (1,32 %, fibras (1,36 %, vitamina C (8 mg /100g e minerais ( Na-40 mg /100g; K-44mg /100g; P-17,76mg /100g; Fé-0,59mg /100g; e Ca-12,25mg /100g, demonstrando ser uma alternativa para o mercado de frutas in natura, bem como para a agroindústria na região.The Southern Reconcavo in Bahia has a significant wealth of native plants with high nutritional potential. Besides ethnological indicative of their uses as food, little is known about

Alterações físico-químicas e microbiológicas durante o armazenamento de doces de umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Câmara verde e maduro Physico-chemical and microbiological changes during storage of green and ripe umbu marmalade

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Maria Lúcia Almeida Martins

2010-03-01

Full Text Available O umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Câmara é uma planta de grande valor econômico para a região semiárida nordestina, notadamente pela produção de doces em massa. Este trabalho teve como objetivo monitorar a vida de prateleira de quatro formulações de doces em massa de umbu verde e maduro à temperatura de 30 °C durante 120 dias. As alterações físico-químicas e microbiológicas foram avaliadas no referido tempo. Os resultados mostraram um decréscimo na atividade de água, um aumento nos sólidos solúveis e no açúcar redutor; pH e acidez mantiveram estáveis; e uma tendência à redução no conteúdo de açúcar não redutor em ambos os doces. Os produtos foram microbiologicamente estáveis. Recomenda-se o uso de pectina ao processo de formulações de umbu maduro e goma xantana ou xarope de glicose para produção de doces de umbu verde.The umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Câmara tree is of high economic value to the semi-arid Northeast area of Brazil due to umbu jam production. This work aimed to monitor the shelf life of four marmalade formulations made from green and ripe umbu, which were kept at 30 °C for 120 days. The physical, chemical, and microbiological alterations were evaluated during the time specified. The results showed a decrease in water activity; an increase in the soluble solids, and a reduction in sugar; pH and acidity remained stable; and there was a tendency to lower sucrose content in both jams. The products were microbiologically stable. The use of pectin is recommended to process the formulations made from ripe umbu, and either xanthan gum or glucose syrup to produce jam from the green umbu.

Metabolic Conversion of l-Ascorbic Acid to Oxalic Acid in Oxalate-accumulating Plants 1

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Joan C.; Loewus, Frank A.

1975-01-01

l-Ascorbic acid-1-14C and its oxidation product, dehydro-l-ascorbic acid, produced labeled oxalic acid in oxalate-accumulating plants such as spinach seedlings (Spinacia oleracea) and the detached leaves of woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta and O. oregana), shamrock (Oxalis adenopylla), and begonia (Begonia evansiana). In O. oregana, conversion occurred equally well in the presence or absence of light. This relationship between l-ascorbic acid metabolism and oxalic acid formation must be given careful consideration in attempts to explain oxalic accumulation in plants. PMID:16659288

History vs. legend: Retracing invasion and spread of Oxalis pes-caprae L. in Europe and the Mediterranean area.

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Alessio Papini

Full Text Available Oxalis pes-caprae L. is a South African geophyte that behaves as an invasive in the eurimediterranean area. According to a long-established hypothesis, O. pes-caprae may have invaded Europe and the Mediterranean area starting from a single plant introduced in the Botanical Garden of Malta at the beginning of the 19th century. The aim of this work was to test this hypothesis, to track the arrival of O. pes-caprae in different countries of the Euro-Mediterranean area and to understand the pathways of spreading and particularly its starting point(s. Historical data attesting the presence of the plant in the whole Euro-Mediterranean region were collected from different sources: herbarium specimens, Floras and other botanical papers, plant lists of gardens, catalogs of plant nurseries and plant dealers. First records of the plant (both cultivated and wild for each Territorial Unit (3rd level of NUTS were selected and used to draw up a diachronic map and an animated graphic. Both documents clearly show that oldest records are scattered throughout the whole area, proving that the plant arrived in Europe and in the Mediterranean region more times independently and that its spreading started in different times from several different centers of invasion. Botanical gardens and other public or private gardens, nurseries and plant dealers, and above all seaside towns and harbors seemingly played a strategic role as a source of either intentional and unintentional introduction or spread. A geographic profiling analysis was performed to analyse the data. We used also techniques (Silhouette, Kmeans and Voronoi tessellation capable of verifying the presence of more than one independent clusters of data on the basis of their geographical distribution. Microsatellites were employed for a preliminary analysis of genetic variation in the Mediterranean. Even if the sampling was insufficient, particularly among the populations of the original area, our data supported

Indigenous Food Systems and Climate Change: Impacts of Climatic Shifts on the Production and Processing of Native and Traditional Crops in the Bolivian Andes.

Science.gov (United States)

Keleman Saxena, Alder; Cadima Fuentes, Ximena; Gonzales Herbas, Rhimer; Humphries, Debbie L

2016-01-01

Inhabitants of the high-mountain Andes have already begun to experience changes in the timing, severity, and patterning of annual weather cycles. These changes have important implications for agriculture, for human health, and for the conservation of biodiversity in the region. This paper examines the implications of climate-driven changes for native and traditional crops in the municipality of Colomi, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Data were collected between 2012 and 2014 via mixed methods, qualitative fieldwork, including participatory workshops with female farmers and food preparers, semi-structured interviews with local agronomists, and participant observation. Drawing from this data, the paper describes (a) the observed impacts of changing weather patterns on agricultural production in the municipality of Colomi, Bolivia and (b) the role of local environmental resources and conditions, including clean running water, temperature, and humidity, in the household processing techniques used to conserve and sometimes detoxify native crop and animal species, including potato (Solanum sp.), oca (Oxalis tuberosa), tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis), papalisa (Ullucus tuberosus), and charke (llama or sheep jerky). Analysis suggests that the effects of climatic changes on agriculture go beyond reductions in yield, also influencing how farmers make choices about the timing of planting, soil management, and the use and spatial distribution of particular crop varieties. Furthermore, household processing techniques to preserve and detoxify native foods rely on key environmental and climatic resources, which may be vulnerable to climatic shifts. Although these findings are drawn from a single case study, we suggest that Colomi agriculture characterizes larger patterns in what might be termed, "indigenous food systems." Such systems are underrepresented in aggregate models of the impacts of climate change on world agriculture and may be under different, more direct, and more immediate threat

Indigenous Food Systems and Climate Change: Impacts of climatic shifts on the production and processing of native and traditional crops in the Bolivian Andes

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Alder eKeleman Saxena

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Inhabitants of the high-mountain Andes have already begun to experience changes in the timing, severity, and patterning of annual weather cycles. These changes have important implications for agriculture, for human health, and for the conservation of biodiversity in the region. This paper examines the implications of climate-driven changes for native and traditional crops in the municipality of Colomi, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Data was collected between 2012 and 2014 via mixed-methods, qualitative fieldwork, including participatory workshops with female farmers and food preparers, semi-structured interviews with local agronomists, and participant observation. Drawing from this data, the paper describes a the observed impacts of changing weather patterns on agricultural production in the municipality of Colomi, Bolivia; and b the role of local environmental resources and conditions, including clean running water, temperature, and humidity, in the household processing techniques used to conserve and sometimes detoxify native crop and animal species, including potato (Solanum sp., oca (Oxalis tuberosa, tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis, papalisa (Ullucus tuberosus, and charkay (llama or sheep jerky. Analysis suggests that the effects of climatic changes on agriculture go beyond reductions in yield, also influencing how farmers make choices about the timing of planting, soil management, the use and spatial distribution of particular crop varieties. Further, household processing techniques to preserve and detoxify native foods rely on key environmental and climatic resources, which may be vulnerable to climatic shifts. While these findings are drawn from a single case-study, we suggest that Colomi agriculture characterizes larger patterns in what might be termed, indigenous food systems. Such systems are underrepresented in aggregate models of the impacts of climate change on world agriculture, and may be under different, more direct, and more immediate threat

Protective Effects of 2-Dodecyl-6-Methoxycyclohexa-2,5 -Diene-1,4-Dione Isolated from Averrhoa Carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) Roots on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Juman; Wei, Xiaojie; Xie, Qiuqiao; Hoa Pham, Thi Thai; Wei, Jinbin; He, Ping; Jiao, Yang; Xu, Xiaohui; Giang Nguyen, Thi Huong; Wen, Qingwei; Huang, Renbin

2016-01-01

The roots of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related diseases. 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycycyclohexa-2,5-1,4-dione (DMDD) has been isolated from A. carambola L. roots, and this study was carried out to investigate the potential beneficial effects of DMDD on obesity and insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD for 16 weeks and orally administered DMDD (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg of body weight per day) and metformin (280 mg/kg of body weight per day) for the last 4 weeks. The body weights and adipose tissue weights as well as the serum levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, insulin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly decreased by DMDD, and the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor (Myd88) in the epididymal adipose tissue was downregulated by DMDD. In contrast, insulin sensitivity was enhanced. The results of the glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, and insulin release tests indicated that there was a marked improvement in insulin secretion, and the areas under the curve corresponding to the three tests were also significantly decreased by DMDD. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were simultaneously enhanced, whereas the content of malondialdehyde was decreased by DMDD in the liver homogenates of the C57BL/6J mice. In addition, hepatic steatosis and adipocyte hypertrophy, as assessed by H&E staining of liver and adipose tissues, were significantly improved by DMDD. These data suggest that MDD has potential benefits for the treatment of HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance, and its effects may be associated with improvements in lipid metabolism and inhibition of the expression of TLR4 in adipose tissues. © 2016 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.

Chemical composition and inhibitory activities on dipeptidyl peptidase IV and pancreatic lipase of two underutilized species from the Brazilian Savannah: Oxalis cordata A.St.-Hil. and Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart.

Science.gov (United States)

Oliveira, Verena B; Araújo, Raquel L B; Eidenberger, Thomas; Brandão, Maria G L

2018-03-01

Brazil has the greatest vegetal biodiversity in the world, but products derived from native species are not optimally utilized. Oxalis cordata and Xylopia aromatica are two underutilized species whose leaves and fruits, respectively, have been used as food in the 19th century. In this study, we used chemical and in vitro assays to evaluate the potential of these species as functional foods. The inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase and DPP-IV were evaluated using the crude extracts and fractions ethyl acetate, butanol and water of these two species. For polyphenols determination, samples were prepared with different solvents and these were analysed by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Finally, fatty acids profile was determinated by gas chromatography. The crude extract (IC 50 =0.84mg/ml), ethyl acetate extract (IC 50 =0.88mg/ml) an aqueous fraction (IC 50 =0.63mg/ml) of C. cordata were inhibitory on pancreatic lipase but inactive against dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). Extracts from X. aromatica were inactive against the lipase pancreatic enzyme, but a butanolic fraction inhibited DPP-IV (IC 50 =0.71±0.05mg/ml). The phenolic acids orientin/isorientin, chlorogenic acid (0.32g/100g) and the flavonoid derivatives rutin (0.27g/100g), quercetin and luteolin were observed in all products. Additionally, fatty acid quantification showed that oleic (7.5g/100g) and linoleic acid (6.5g/100g) were predominant in X. aromatica fruit. This study confirms the potential for the use of both plants as functional foods due to their nutritional value, biological activity and important phytochemical content. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Diversity and Distribution of Myrmecophytes in Bengkulu Province

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Safniyeti Safniyeti

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Myrmecophyte is a common medicinal plant used by local people in Indonesia for treating various diseases especially in Papua. Bengkulu province is one of the Myrmecophyte habitats, but there has no report on its identity and distribution. The objectives of this research were to identify the diversity and analyze the Myrmecophytes distribution as well as factor affecting its presence. This study used purposive sampling method by exploring the area where Myrmecophytes commonly found. The Myrmecophyte distribution based on host tree was analyzed using Morishita index and the autecological analysis of abiotic factors was performed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA generated from Minitab 16. The results of this research showed that there were two species of Myrmecophytes in Bengkulu province, namely Hydnophytum formicarum and Myrmecodia tuberosa, as well as two variants of M. tuberosa i.e. M. tuberosa ‘armata’ and M. tuberosa ‘siberutensis’. The distribution of Myrmecophytes based on host tree was mostly randomly scattered in Central Bengkulu regency, Seluma, North Bengkulu, South Bengkulu, and Kaur. Their distributions were affected by light intensity and temperature. The data of this research can be used as basic information for carried out conservation efforts in Bengkulu province. The abundance of Myrmecophytes is also used as a source of additional income for local people in Bengkulu province.     

Mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials of fruit juices of five ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of freeze dried fruit juices (FDFJ) of Morinda elliptica Ridl. (Rubiaceae), Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Phyllantus acidus (L.) Skeels (Phyllantaceae) and Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Myristicaceae) in Allium cepa L was evaluated. Testing the ...

Rabdomioma cardiaco como manifestación de esclerosis tuberosa: Presentación de dos casos y revisión de la literatura Cardiac rhabdomyoma as manifestation of tuberous sclerosis: Presentation of two cases and literature review

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Rafael Lince

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Los rabdomiomas cardiacos son tumores benignos dependientes de las fibras musculares miocárdicas, los cuales usualmente son múltiples, pero tienden a disminuir tanto en número como en tamaño con el crecimiento, con una regresión espontánea en 90% de los casos. Hacen parte de los tumores cardiacos primarios, los cuales son poco frecuentes, con una incidencia que varía entre 0,0017% y 0,28%. El más frecuente de los tumores cardiacos primarios es el rabdomioma. Se describe asociación con esclerosis tuberosa hasta en 72% de los casos, razón por la cual ésta debe buscarse ante el hallazgo de rabdomioma cardiaco.Cardiac rhabdomyomas are benign tumors derived from cardiac muscle fibers. They are usually multiple, but tend to decrease both in number and size with growth, with spontaneous regression in 90% of cases. These lesions are part of the primary cardiac tumors, which are uncommon, and have a variable incidence between 0.0017 and 0.28%. The most common primary cardiac tumor is the rhabdomyoma. An association between rhabdomyoma and tuberous sclerosis has been described in up to 72% of cases. For this reason, a patient with cardiac rhabdomyoma should be investigated for tuberous sclerosis.

Antihyperglycemic Activities of Leaves of Three Edible Fruit Plants ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae), Ficus hispida L.f. (Moraceae), and Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry (Myrtaceae) are three common plants in Bangladesh, the fruits of which are edible. The leaves and fruits of A. carambola and F. hispida are used by folk medicinal practitioners for treatment of ...

Tuberous sclerosis: evaluation of myofibroblasts in cutaneous angiofibromas - case report

OpenAIRE

Perez, Erick Gomes; Paranaíba, Lívia Ribeiro; Bonan, Paulo Rogério; Orsi Júnior, Julian Miranda; Oliveira, Adriano Macedo de; Martelli Júnior, Hercílio

2010-01-01

Esclerose tuberosa é uma condição rara e autossômica dominante. Miofibroblastos são células que exibem fenótipo híbrido entre fibroblastos e células musculares lisas. O objetivo deste caso clínico é mostrar as características clínicas e histopatológicas da esclerose tuberosa e avaliar miofibroblastos nos angiofibromas cutâneos dessa condição. Lesões removidas foram coradas em HE e tricrômico de Masson. Para determinar a presença de miofibroblastos foi usada imunoistoquímica para α-SMA. E...

Garrison Dam/Lake Sakakawea Master Plan with Integrated Programmatic Environmental Assessment, Missouri River, Montana: Update of Design Memorandum MGR-107D

Science.gov (United States)

2007-12-14

Toxicodendron radicans), wild strawberry ( Fragaria virginiana), violets (Oxalis violacea), and wild parsley (Lomatium orientale) fill in the...prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis ), yellowbelly racers (Coluber constrictor), western hognose snake (Heterdon nasicus), and smooth green snakes

Placa fibrosa de la frente o del cuero cabelludo: Un marcador cutáneo temprano del complejo de la esclerosis tuberosa Forehead or scalp fibrous plaque: An earley cutaneous marker in tuberous sclerosis complex

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A. E Saponaro

2010-09-01

Full Text Available El complejo de la Esclerosis tuberosa es una afección hereditaria, que se transmite en forma autosómica dominante. Se caracteriza por convulsiones, retraso mental y manifestaciones en diversos órganos. Los signos cutáneos suelen ser determinantes para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad. Entre éstos se destaca la placa fibrosa, la que se localiza más frecuentemente en la frente, pero puede observarse en cualquier área del cuero cabelludo. Cuando está presente, suele ser el signo cutáneo inicial de la enfermedad, como ocurrió en nuestro paciente, subdiagnosticado. Su importancia radica entonces en reconocerlo como un marcador precoz y patognomónico de la enfermedad.The complex of tuberous sclerosis is an hereditary disease that passes in the autosomal dominant way. It is characterized by convulsions, mental retardation and manifestations in different organs. The cutaneous signs are used to be determinant for the diagnosis of the illness. Among these, it is important the fibrous plaque, which is usually localized in the forehead, but it can also be observed in any area of the scalp.When it is presented, it is used to be the first cutaneous sign of the illness, and like it happened in our patient, underdiagnosed. So, the importance of the fibrous plaque lies in recognizing it as an early cutaneous marker and pathognomonic of the disease.

Tratamento dos angiofibromas múltiplos da face com radiofrequência Multiple facial angiofibromas treated with high-frequency equipment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Allysson Antonio Ribeiro Gomes

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Esclerose tuberosa é uma doença genética rara, com herança autossômica dominante, associada à formação de hamartomas múltiplos em vários órgãos, como cérebro, pele, pulmões, rins, coração e olhos. Os autores deste estudo apresentam um caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, com 30 anos de idade, portadora de esclerose tuberosa, apresentando múltiplos angiofibromas em face, tratada com equipamento de alta frequência (radiofrequência, e discutem as opções terapêuticas para tratamento de indivíduos portadores de esclerose tuberosa com extenso envolvimento cutâneoTuberous sclerosis is a rare genetic disease with autosomal dominant inheritance, associated with multiple hamartomas in several organs, such as the brain, skin, lung, kidney, heart and eyes. The authors of this study report a case of a 30 years old female patient with tuberous sclerosis, presenting multiple angiofibromas on face treated with high frequency equipment (radiofrequency, and discuss the therapeutic options for treatment of individuals with extensive cutaneous involvement in tuberous sclerosis

Caracterização e qualidade de frutos de umbu-cajá (Spondias tuberosa X S. mombin provenientes do Recôncavo Sul da Bahia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcio Barros dos Santos

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O Recôncavo Sul da Bahia apresenta uma significativa riqueza de fruteiras nativas com grande potencial alimentício. Além de indicativos etnológicos sobre seus usos como alimento, pouco se conhece sobre elas, principalmente sobre sua composição bromatológica. A exemplos destas fruteiras, encontram-se os frutos do umbu-cajá (Spondias tuberosa X S. mombin que são amplamente consumidos in natura ou na forma de produtos processados em quase todo o Brasil. Devido à crescente aceitação de seus produtos e à incessante busca por novos sabores, as agroindústrias vêm despertando o interesse tanto para o mercado interno quanto para exportações. Entretanto, apesar do forte interesse comercial, poucos estudos foram efetuados na busca de respostas sobre a sua composição. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve o objetivo de efetuar a caracterização física, físico-química e mineralógica dos frutos de umbu-cajá cultivados nas condições climáticas do Recôncavo Sul da Bahia. Foram realizadas análises de peso do fruto e da casca; tamanho e diâmetro; percentagem de casca, semente e polpa; pH; sólidos solúveis totais; acidez titulável; relação sólido solúveis/acidez (Ratio; índice tecnológico; açúcares (redutores, não redutores e totais; vitamina C; proteína; umidade; lipídios; fibra bruta; amido; e minerais (fósforo, ferro, cálcio, sódio e potássio. Os frutos apresentaram tamanho grande (23,18g com rendimento considerável de polpa (69,70 % e razoáveis valores de açucares (7,49 %, acidez (1,32 %, fibras (1,36 %, vitamina C (8 mg /100g e minerais ( Na-40 mg /100g; K-44mg /100g; P-17,76mg /100g; Fé-0,59mg /100g; e Ca-12,25mg /100g, demonstrando ser uma alternativa para o mercado de frutas in natura, bem como para a agroindústria na região.

Interspecific variation within the genus Asclepias in response to herbivory by a phloem-feeding insect herbivore.

Science.gov (United States)

Zehnder, Caralyn B; Hunter, Mark D

2007-11-01

Induced plant responses to leaf-chewing insects have been well studied, but considerably less is known about the effects of phloem-feedings insects on induction. In a set of laboratory experiments, we examined density-dependent induction by the milkweed-oleander aphid, Aphis nerii, of putative defenses in four milkweed species (Asclepias incarnata, Asclepias syriaca, Asclepias tuberosa, and Asclepias viridis). We hypothesized that high aphid density would lead to increased cardenolide expression in species with low constitutive levels of cardenolides (e.g., A. tuberosa), but that there would be no induction in high constitutive cardenolide species (e.g., A. viridis). Based on previous studies, we did not expect cardenolide induction in A. incarnata. Contrary to our predictions, we observed feeding-induced declines of cardenolide concentrations in A. viridis. Cardenolide concentrations did not respond to aphid feeding in the other three milkweed species. Aphids also caused reductions in biomass accumulation by two of four Asclepias species, A. viridis and A. incarnata. High aphid density led to a decrease in A. viridis foliar nitrogen concentration. However, aphids had no effect on the defensive chemistry, growth, or nutritional quality of either A. syriaca or A. tuberosa. Our results highlight that congeneric plant species may respond differently to the same levels of herbivore damage.

Effect of rice hull mulch on nutrient concentration of fertilized irrigation water

Science.gov (United States)

Parboiled rice hulls are an effective mulch for controlling weeds in nursery containers. A layer of rice hulls between 1.25 and 2.5 cm deep has been shown to provide effective control of liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha), bittercress (Cardamine flexuosa), and creeping woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata...

Engineering and Environmental Study of DDT Contamination of Huntsville Spring Branch, Indian Creek and Adjacent Lands and Waters, Wheeler Reservoir, Alabama. Revision,

Science.gov (United States)

1984-04-01

pauciflora FAMILY ALABAMA STATUS^ FEDERAL STATUS? Liliacear E3 NL Araliaceae E NL Resaceae E NL Cyperaceae T NL Liliaceae T NL Brassicaceae T NL...Berberidaceae SSC NL Fabaceae SSC NL Oxalidaceae SSC NL Ranunculaceae SSC NL Ranunculaceae SSC NL Scrophulariaceae SSC NL Valerianaceae SSC NL 1...dispersing into small groups of nuclear families to exploit the uplands. Later, during the Woodland period, the River settlement zone continued to be the

Influence of tree species on the herbaceous understory and soil chemical characteristics in a silvopastoral system in semi-arid northeastern Brazil

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R. S. C. Menezes

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Studies from some semi-arid regions of the world have shown the beneficial effect of trees in silvopastoral systems, by promoting the formation of resource islands and increasing the sustainability of the system. No data are available in this respect for tree species of common occurrence in semi-arid Northeastern Brazil. In the present study, conducted in the summer of 1996, three tree species (Zyziphus joazeiro, Spondias tuberosa and Prosopis juliflora: found within Cenchrus ciliaris pastures were selected to evaluate differences on herbaceous understory and soil chemical characteristics between samples taken under the tree canopy and in open grass areas. Transects extending from the tree trunk to open grass areas were established, and soil (0-15 cm and herbaceous understory (standing live biomass in 1 m² plots samples were taken at 0, 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200% of the average canopy radius (average radius was 6.6 ± 0.5, 4.5 ± 0.5, and 5.3 ± 0.8 m for Z. joazeiro, P. juliflora, and S. tuberosa , respectively. Higher levels of soil C, N, P, Ca, Mg, K, and Na were found under the canopies of Z. joazeiro and P. juliflora: trees, as compared to open grass areas. Only soil Mg organic P were higher under the canopies of S. tuberosa trees, as compared to open grass areas. Herbaceous understory biomass was significantly lower under the canopy of S. tuberosa and P. juliflora trees (107 and 96 g m-2, respectively relatively to open grass areas (145 and 194 g m-2. No herbaceous biomass differences were found between Z. joazeiro canopies and open grass areas (107 and 87 g m-2, respectively. Among the three tree species studied, Z. joazeiro was the one that presented the greatest potential for use in a silvopastoral system at the study site, since it had a larger nutrient stock in the soil without negatively affecting herbaceous understory biomass, relatively to open grass areas.

Cherry Creek Research Natural Area: guidebook supplement 41

Science.gov (United States)

Reid Schuller; Jennie Sperling; Tim Rodenkirk

2011-01-01

This guidebook describes Cherry Creek Research Natural Area, a 239-ha (590-ac) area that supports old-growth Douglas-fir-western hemlock (Pseudotsuga menziesii- Tsuga heterophylla) forest occurring on sedimentary materials in the southern Oregon Coast Range. Major plant associations present within the area include the western hemlock/Oregon oxalis...

Morfoanatomia da raiz tuberosa de Vernonia oxylepis Sch. Bip. in Mart. ex Baker - Asteraceae Morpho-anatomy of the tuberous root of Vernonia oxylepis Sch. Bip. in Mart. ex Baker - Asteraceae

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Divina Aparecida Anunciação Vilhalva

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Várias espécies herbáceas e subarbustivas, nativas do Cerrado no Brasil, são geofitas, ou seja, sobrevivem ao período desfavorável de déficit hídrico e de baixas temperaturas, que muitas vezes coincide com incêndios, mantendo apenas a porção subterrânea. Vernonia oxylepis é uma dessas espécies e o objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a morfoanatomia da raiz tuberosa e a formação das gemas nessa raiz. Tal raiz é constituída de um eixo orientado perpendicularmente no solo, a partir do qual ramos aéreos são formados na porção proximal, situada ao nível do solo, ao longo do ciclo de vida da planta. Na porção proximal da raiz ocorre auto-enxertia da base dos ramos por ela emitidos. A raiz acumula lipídios e frutanos, apresenta ligeira contração e forma gemas reparativas; a formação das gemas adventícias se dá a partir do periciclo proliferado. Tais características poderiam ser associadas ao processo de adaptação da espécie às condições do Cerrado.Several native herbaceous and subshrub species native to the Cerrado in Brazil are geophytes, that is, they survive the unfavorable dry season and low temperatures, that sometimes coincide with fire, with only the underground system intact. Vernonia oxylepis is one of these species and the aim of this study was to describe the morpho-anatomy of the tuberous root and bud formation on this structure. The main axis of this root is perpendicular to the soil surface, and from which aerial shoots arise periodically throughout the life cycle. On the upper portion of the root, self-grafting of the shoots occurs. The root stores lipids and fructans, exhibits contraction and produces reparatory buds; adventitious buds arise from proliferated pericycle. These characteristics may be related to adaptation of this species to conditions in the Cerrado.

Ethylene production and post-pollination development in Dendrobium flowers treated with foreign pollen

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ketsa, S.; Bunya-Atichart, K.; Doorn, van W.G.

2001-01-01

Dendrobium ‘Pompadour’ flowers fade early following pollination. This is associated with increased ethylene production and early epinasty. These effects are also produced by application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) on the stigma. Pollen (one anther each) from Ruellia tuberosa L.

Determination of the Morphology of the Starch Granules and the Optimum Internal Cooking Temperature of Four Andean Crops: Oca (Oxalis tuberosa Molina, Olluco (Ullucus tuberosus Loz, Isaño (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz

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Bellido-Valencia Omar

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Andean grains (i.e. quinoa, amaranth have been increasingly studied in recent times, mainly due to the increase in international consumption. However, Andean tubers other than potatoes have not been so widespread and are mainly studied for their starch, previously extracted. This work studied the morphology of native starch in four of these crops (oca, olluco, isaño and aracacha, during cooking and the evolution of their internal temperature in relation to sensory acceptability. Using scanning electron microscopy, it was determined that the size of crude starch granules was between 9 μm to 38.2 μm for oca, 4.48 to 24.9 μm for olluco, 4.45 to 22.9 μm for isaño, and 5.36 to 23.8 μm for arracacha. Sensorially, it was determined that the optimum cooking temperature for arracacha was 89.1°C, 90.9°C for oca, 91°C for isaño, and 91.4 °C for olluco. All samples had optimal cooking times shorter than potato, with the isaño having the best heat transfer.

A suite of microsatellite markers for genetic management of captive cracids (Aves, Galliformes).

Science.gov (United States)

Costa, M C; Camargo, C; Laganaro, N M; Oliveira, P R R; Davanço, P V; Azeredo, R M A; Simpson, J G P; Silveira, L F; Francisco, M R

2014-11-27

Cracids are medium to large frugivorous birds that are endemic to the Neotropics. Because of deforestation and overhunting, many species are threatened. The conservation of several species has relied on captive breeding and reintroduction in the wild, but captive populations may be inbred. Microsatellite tools can permit the construction of genetic pedigrees to reduce inbreeding, but only a few loci are available for this group of birds. Here, we present 10 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci and the cross-amplification of these and of 10 additional loci available in the literature in a panel of 5 cracid species, including 3 species with high conservation concern. We provide the first polymorphic loci for the jacutinga, Aburria jacutinga (N = 8), and red-billed curassow, Crax blumenbachii (N = 9), and additional loci for bare-faced curassow, C. fasciolata (N = 8), Alagoas curassow, Pauxi mitu (N = 5), and razor-billed curassow, P. tuberosa (N = 5). The average number of alleles was 2.9 for A. jacutinga, 2.7 for C. blumenbachii, 3.5 for C. fasciolata, 2.6 for P. mitu, and 5.7 for P. tuberosa. The mean expected heterozygosities were 0.42, 0.40, 0.48, 0.37, and 0.59, respectively. The average probabilities that the set of loci would not exclude a pair of parents of an arbitrary offspring were 2.9% in A. jacutinga, 1% in C. blumenbachii, 0.5% in C. fasciolata, 0.4% in P. mitu, and 0.002% in P. tuberosa suggesting that these loci may be adequate for parentage analysis and to implement ex situ genetic management plans.

Cultivo de beterraba em ambientes protegido e natural na época de verão

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João A. Tullio

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar as respostas produtivas de beterraba cultivada em ambiente natural e sob túnel com malha de sombreamento durante a época de verão. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e os tratamentos arranjados em parcela sub-subdividida tendo, como fator primário, os ambientes de cultivo (protegido e natural, como fator secundário, as cultivares (Itapuã 202 e Tall Top Early Wonder além das épocas de colheita (13, 26, 39, 52 e 65 dias após o transplante como fator terciário. Foram avaliados número de folhas, fitomassas fresca e seca da parte aérea, fitomassa fresca da raiz tuberosa, índice de área foliar, altura da planta e presença ou não de aneis esbranquiçados na raiz tuberosa. Em cada ambiente de cultivo foram instalados sensores para medidas da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa e temperatura do ar. O cultivo de beterraba sob túnel resultou em menor fitomassa fresca da raiz tuberosa e maior fitomassa fresca da parte aérea quando comparadas àquelas do cultivo em ambiente natural. O cultivo de beterraba sob túnel coberto com telado preto 70% não apresentou vantagens em relação ao cultivo em ambiente natural no que diz respeito às características de produção e à qualidade da raiz de beterraba.

Overcoming seed dormancy and early growth of seedlings of Spondias tuberosa, Arr. CâmaraSuperação de dormência de sementes e crescimento inicial de plântulas de umbuzeiro

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Janete Motta da Silva Gonzaga

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Pre-germination treatments such as scarification and the use of growth regulators can provide the dormancy breaking in seeds and enhance the emergence and development of seedlings. The aim of this study was to determine appropriate treatments to overcome seed dormancy and enhance the initial growth of seedlings of Spondias tuberosa. We used a randomized design in factorial 2 x 4, with the following factors: seeds scarified or not scarified and then soaked in water or aqueous solutions of gibberellin, cytokinin and ethylene, with 4 replicates and 15 seeds. There was no significant interaction between scarification treatments and use of growth regulators. Mechanical scarification and soaking seeds in solutions containing umbuzeiro growth regulators does not increase the percentage of seedling emergence, however soaking in a solution of Ethrel at 100 ppm provides higher speed of emergence and root development. Tratamentos pré-germinativos, como a escarificação e o uso de reguladores de crescimento, podem proporcionar a superação de dormência em sementes e incrementar a emergência e o desenvolvimento de plântulas. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi determinar tratamentos adequados para a superação da dormência de sementes e potencialização do crescimento inicial de plântulas de umbuzeiro. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 2 x 4, sendo os fatores: sementes escarificadas ou não escarificadas e, posteriormente, imersas em água ou soluções aquosas de giberelina, citocinina ou etileno, com 4 repetições de 15 sementes. Não houve interação significativa entre os tratamentos escarificação e uso de reguladores de crescimento. A escarificação mecânica e a embebição de sementes de umbuzeiro em soluções contendo reguladores de crescimento não aumenta a percentagem de emergência de plântulas, entretanto a embebição em solução de Ethrel a 100 ppm proporciona maior velocidade de emergência e

Dermatologia comparativa Comparative Dermatology

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Hiram Larangeira de Almeida Jr

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Demonstra-se o quadro exuberante dos angiofibromas faciais em paciente do sexo masculino, de 32 anos, com esclerose tuberosa, os quais podem ser comparados com amoras.The impressive facial angiofibromas, from a 32 year-old male paciente, with the classical features of tuberous sclerosis, were compared with mulberries.

Novel synthetic products from the common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L) and their potential in the rural farm economy

Science.gov (United States)

The common milkweed is of the family Asclepiadaceae which comprises over 200 genera and 2500 species including Asclepias syriaca L and its near relatives, A. speciosa and A. tuberosa. Asclepias syriaca, or the common milkweed, is a perennial that is native to the Americas and is so named because of...

Antioxidant potentialities and Antiradical Activities of Oxalis ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

2017-08-31

Aug 31, 2017 ... biologically active chemicals of medical importance. These findings ... medicinal plant to treat different human ailments. A recent work by ..... antioxidants and nutrition. Nutr Res. ... from additive and synergistic combinations of.

Heptyl vicianoside and methyl caramboside from sour star fruit.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Dan; Jia, Xuchao; Xie, Haihui

2018-04-23

Two new alkyl glycosides, heptyl vicianoside (1) and methyl 2-O-β-d-fucopyranosyl-α-l-arabinofuranoside (methyl caramboside, 4), were isolated from the sour fruit of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae), along with octyl vicianoside (2), cis-3-hexenyl rutinoside (3), and methyl α-d-fructofuranoside (5). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Compounds 2, 3, and 5 were obtained from the genus Averrhoa for the first time. All the compounds were evaluated for in vitro α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities, but none of them were potent.

ESTUDIOS DE ISÓTOPOS ESTABLES EN HUERTAS FAMILIARES ACTUALES DE LA QUEBRADA DE HUMAHUACA (JUJUY, ARGENTINA. SU POTENCIAL APORTE A LOS ESTUDIOS PALEODIETARIOS DEL NOROESTE ARGENTINO / Stable isotope studies on current home gardens of the Quebrada de ...

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Violeta A. Killian Galván

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Presentamos una propuesta metodológica para la generación de marcos de referencia en los estudios paleodietarios, mediante el análisis de la composición isotópica del carbono y el nitrógeno (?13C y ?15N en arqueología. En particular, nos centraremos en cómo influyen algunas prácticas de cultivo en los valores isotópicos de las plantas procedentes de huertas familiares (siendo las especies escogidas Zea mays, Solanum tuberosum, Oxalis tuberosa, Ullucus tuberosus, Chenopodium quinoa y Opuntia ficus-indica, esta última como especie silvestre del área. La metodología propuesta consiste en: el relevamiento de información entre productores locales, la caracterización del suelo en cuanto a sus propiedades químicas (pH, conductividad eléctrica, carbono orgánico y nitratos y la medición isotópica de los vegetales muestreados. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, podemos afirmar que al menos en entornos semiáridos, como es el caso de Quebrada de Humahuaca, la disponibilidad de nutrientes en el suelo repercute en los valores ?15N de Zea mays. Si bien no hay una relación lineal entre las variables propuestas y los resultados isotópicos obtenidos, se registró un rango más amplio de valores cuando la calidad del suelo fue menor. AbstractWe present a methodological proposal for the construction of a frame of reference in paleodietary research through the analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen stable isotopes (?13C y ?15N in archaeology. In particular, we focus on the effect of certain harvest practices in the isotopic values of plants from family farms (the species chosen being Zea mays, Solanum tuberosum, Amaranthus caudatus, Chenopodium quinoa and Opuntia ficus-indica, this last as a wild plant from the area. The methodology consist in: collection of information among local producers, soil characterization in terms of their chemical properties (Ph, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and nitrate and analysis of isotopic values from

Comparative anthelmintic activity investigation of selected ethno-medicinal weeds

Science.gov (United States)

Pueblos, Kirstin Rhys S.; Bajalla, Mark; Pacheco, Dixie; Ganot, Sheila; Paig, Daisy; Tapales, Radyn; Lagare, Jeanne; Quimque, Mark Tristan J.

2017-01-01

Helminth infections are one of the seriously neglected potent diseases in many parts of the world. The problems of parasitic helminthes becoming resistant to currently available anthelmintic drugs pose a challenge for the search - relying on natural products - for new and better anthelmintics. In this paper, four abundant Philippine weeds: Chrysopogon aciculatus Trin. Cyperus brevifolius Rottb., Ruellia tuberosa Linn. and Saccharum spontaneum Linn. were investigated for their anthelmintic activities to establish basis of their folkloric claim. The hexane-soluble and chloroform-soluble extracts were obtained through sequential solvent partitioning of the crude ethanolic extract of the air-dried aerial part of each plant sample. Meanwhile, the decoction was obtained from fresh aerial part of the plant samples. All extracts were then subjected to in vitro anthelmintic screening at different concentration as per method of Ghosh, et al. against African nightcrawler earthworms (Eudrillus euginiae) in which the activity of the extracts was determined by correlation with time. The anthelmintic bioassay results revealed a dose-dependent toxicity relationship. It indicated relatively low anthelmintic activities of the decoction of the four plant samples as compared to their corresponding crude ethanol extracts. Among the crude ethanol extracts, C. brevifolius (CBE) gave fastest time to bring about paralysis and death to the test organisms at all concentrations tested. For the hexane extracts, R. tuberosa (RTH) gave better activity among other plant samples. Lastly, among the chloroform-soluble extracts, both that of C. brevifolius (CBC) and R. tuberosa (RTC) comparably showed strongest anthelmintic activities at all tested concentrations, thus, exhibited best anthelmintic activity that is remarkably comparable to the positive control, Mebendazole at the highest concentration tested. In fact, CBC and RTC showed highest anthelmintic potential compared to all extracts tested in

Effect of diesel generator exhaust pollutants on growth of Vinca ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The effects of exhaust pollutants of generator on root and shoot length, root and shoot weight, number of leaflets and leaf area, leaf and total plant dry weight of Vinca rosea and Ruellia tuberosa were studied. The treatment of exhaust pollutants produced significant effects on root, shoot growth, number of leaflet and leaf ...

Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts on Multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under Reduced Oxygen Conditions Using Intracellular and Axenic Assays

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Purva D. Bhatter

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Aim. Test the activity of selected medicinal plant extracts on multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under reduced oxygen concentration which represents nonreplicating conditions. Material and Methods. Acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of the plants Acorus calamus L. (rhizome, Ocimum sanctum L. (leaf, Piper nigrum L. (seed, and Pueraria tuberosa DC. (tuber were tested on Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv intracellularly using an epithelial cell (A549 infection model. The extracts found to be active intracellularly were further studied axenically under reducing oxygen concentrations. Results and Conclusions. Intracellular multiplication was inhibited ≥60% by five of the twelve extracts. Amongst these 5 extracts, in axenic culture, P. nigrum (acetone was active under aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic conditions indicating presence of multiple components acting at different levels and P. tuberosa (aqueous showed bactericidal activity under microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions implying the influence of anaerobiosis on its efficacy. P. nigrum (aqueous and A. calamus (aqueous and ethanol extracts were not active under axenic conditions but only inhibited intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, suggesting activation of host defense mechanisms to mediate bacterial killing rather than direct bactericidal activity.

Efeito de bioestimulante no crescimento inicial e na produtividade de plantas de batata-doce

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Amarílis Beraldo Rós

2015-10-01

Full Text Available RESUMOO uso de bioestimulantes na agricultura tem apresentado efeitos positivos sobre a produtividade de determinadas culturas. No entanto, são escassos os estudos com o uso desses produtos em culturas cuja porção comercial é composta por raízes. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de diferentes concentrações do bioestimulante Stimulate(rsobre o crescimento inicial de plantas de batata-doce e sobre a produtividade de raízes tuberosas. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, nos quais segmentos de ramas de batata-doce foram parcialmente imersos em soluções com bioestimulante. Na casa de vegetação, o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 6 x 6, sendo seis concentrações de biofertilizante (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 mL L-1e seis épocas de coleta (10, 19, 28, 37, 46 e 55 dias após o plantio de raízes e folhas. No campo, o delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, sendo os tratamentos seis concentrações de bioestimulante (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 mL L-1. A percentagem de segmentos enraizados não variou entre os tratamentos. O bioestimulante influenciou o número de raízes adventícias e de folhas por planta, mas não sua massa seca. A produtividade de raízes tuberosas não diferiu entre os tratamentos, sendo os valores médios de 25,5 e 22,3 t ha-1para produtividades total e comercial, respectivamente. Assim, a utilização do bioestimulante interfere no número de raízes e de folhas de plantas de batata-doce, mas não favorece a produtividade de raízes tuberosas até a concentração de 15 mL L-1.

Extração de ecdisterona em raízes de ginseng brasileiro Extraction of ecdysterone from roots of Brazilian ginseng

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Rejane Flores

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo otimizar a extração de ecdisterona em raízes de ginseng brasileiro. Primeiramente, para se avaliar a eficiência do solvente extrator, amostras de raízes dois acessos (BRA e JB-UFSM de P. glomerata foram extraídas em Soxhlet com metanol e clorofórmio, separadamente, durante 4 horas. No segundo ensaio, com o intuito de se escolher o método extrator, a extração foi conduzida em Soxhlet e em ultrassom, utilizando metanol como solvente. Em P. tuberosa, as amostras foram extraídas com metanol, e a extração foi conduzida em Soxhlet e em banho ultrasônico. O conteúdo de ecdisterona foi determinado em Cromatógrafo Líquido de Alta Eficiência (CLAE. Em ambas as espécies, um maior conteúdo de ecdisterona foi detectado nas amostras extraídas com metanol e em Soxhlet. A metodologia proposta mostrou-se eficaz para a quantificação da ecdisterona a partir das raízes de P. glomerata e P. tuberosa, podendo ser aplicada no controle de qualidade de drogas vegetais e/ou fitoterápicos.This study aimed at optimizing the extraction method from ecdysterone of Brazilian ginseng. Root samples of two accessions (BRA and JB-UFSM of P. glomerata were extracted in a Soxhlet with methanol or chloroform for 4h. In the second trial, the extration was conduced in a Soxhlet or ultrasonic using metanol as a solvent. In P. tuberosa, the roots samples were extracted with methanol in a Soxhlet or in ultrasonic. The ecdysterone content was determinated using high efficiency liquid chromatography methods. In both studied species, the highest ecdisterone content was detected from samples extracted in a Soxhlet and using methanol as a solvent. This extration method has been successfully applied for determination of ecdysterone content from roots of Brazilian ginseng, and could be useful for the quality control of drugs and pharmaceutical formulations.

Diagnóstico Tardio de Esclerose Tuberosa

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Catarina Oliveira

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Tuberous sclerosis (also referred to as Tuberous Sclerosis Complex is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome that can involve multiple organs such as the brain, heart, kidney, lung, liver, skin and eye. The diagnosis is clinical and most patients are identified during childhood, in the context of a severe epileptic or neuropsychiatric disorder. Here we report a case of TSC diagnosed in an adult woman with dermatological and vascular involvement that were only recognized as manifestations of TSC after the diagnosis of her infant daughter. This case highlights how important it is that physicians recognize the full spectrum of manifestations of TSC, including the most unusual, so not to miss the diagnosis

Interaction of Classical Platinum Agents with the Monomeric and Dimeric Atox1 Proteins: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study

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Xiaolei Wang

2013-12-01

Full Text Available We carried out molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations for a series of binary and ternary models of the cisplatin, transplatin and oxaliplatin agents binding to a monomeric Atox1 protein and a dimeric Atox1 protein to investigate their interaction mechanisms. All three platinum agents could respectively combine with the monomeric Atox1 protein and the dimeric Atox1 protein to form a stable binary and ternary complex due to the covalent interaction of the platinum center with the Atox1 protein. The results suggested that the extra interaction from the oxaliplatin ligand–Atox1 protein interface increases its affinity only for the OxaliPt + Atox1 model. The binding of the oxaliplatin agent to the Atox1 protein might cause larger deformation of the protein than those of the cisplatin and transplatin agents due to the larger size of the oxaliplatin ligand. However, the extra interactions to facilitate the stabilities of the ternary CisPt + 2Atox1 and OxaliPt + 2Atox1 models come from the α1 helices and α2-β4 loops of the Atox1 protein–Atox1 protein interface due to the cis conformation of the platinum agents. The combinations of two Atox1 proteins in an asymmetric way in the three ternary models were analyzed. These investigations might provide detailed information for understanding the interaction mechanism of the platinum agents binding to the Atox1 protein in the cytoplasm.

Complejo nódulo subependimario-astrocitoma subependimario gigantocelular en niños con esclerosis tuberosa Subependymal nodules-subependymal giant cell astrocytoma complex in children with tuberous sclerosis

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Lucas Bongiorni

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo fue describir las características clínico imagenológicas de niños con esclerosis tuberosa que presentaron el complejo Nódulo Subependimario (NS-Astrocitoma Subependimario Gigantocelular(ASGC y analizar el comportamiento evolutivo de dicho "complejo" para detectar precozmente su crecimiento y evitar las complicaciones de la hipertensión endocraneana (HTE. Evaluamos 22 pacientes con diagnóstico anátomo patológico de ASGC. El diagnóstico del tumor se realizó a una media de 10.1 años. Pudimos observar la evolución de NS a ASGC; estos NS se ubicaron adyacentes al agujero de Monro y con el tiempo tuvieron un importante crecimiento con intensa captación de contraste e hidrocefalia. La aceleración en el crecimiento de estos NS y su "transformación" en ASGC se produjo a los 10 años de edad promedio, con un diámetro medio de 9 mm. Ningún NS alejado de los forámenes de Monro evolucionó a ASGC. Quince pacientes (68% fueron operados con síntomas de hipertensión endocraneana. La edad media de la cirugía fue 10.8 años. Seis pacientes presentaron déficit visual. En estos últimos, el diámetro medio mayor del tumor fue 31.5 mm, mayor que los 18.7 mm del grupo de pacientes que no presentó secuela visual. El seguimiento clínico imagenológico periódico de toda lesión subependimaria próxima a los agujeros de Monro, permitiría en etapa presintomática anticipar un tratamiento quirúrgico, que reduciría la incidencia de HTE. Estudios prospectivos podrían determinar si el complejo NS-ASGC corresponde a una misma entidad en distinta etapa evolutiva, o son dos lesiones con diferente potencial de crecimiento.The object of this paper is to describe the imaging and clinical characteristics of subependymal nodule (SN - subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SGCA complex in tuberous sclerosis and analyze its evolution in order to attempt early detection and the prevention of intracranial hypertension. We evaluated 22 patients with

Assessing Installation Ethnobotanical Resources Using Land Condition Trend Analysis (LCTA) Data: A Fort Riley, Kansas, Case Study

Science.gov (United States)

1998-07-01

incarnata S F Carya illinoensis G L Asclepias stenophylla S B Ceanothus herbaceus S B Asclepias syriaca S B Ceanothus oliganthus S L Asclepias tuberosa S...cannabinum S B Carex retroflexa G F Argemone polyanthemos S F Carex vulpinoidea S F Artemisia ludoviciana S B Carya cordiformis S B Asclepias...longipilum G B Descurainia pinnata S F Hordeum pusillum G F Descurainia sophia S F Hymenopappus scabiosaeus G B Desmanthus illinoensis S B Hypericum

Original Communications - Iridoid Glucosides from Turkish Phlomis tuberosa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Calis, Ihsan; Kirmizibekmez, Hasan; Ersoz, Tayfun

2005-01-01

, and decaffeoylacteoside and three known neolignan glycosides, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, one flavone glycoside, luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, as well as b...

MOSCAS-DAS-FRUTAS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE EM POMARES DA ÁREA URBANA NO NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS

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CLARICE DINIZ ALVARENGA

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The aim this work was know the species of fruit fly and host plants in orchards in the urban area in the north of Minas Gerais. Were selected 10 orchards with wide variety of fruit species, which were distributed in equidistant way in the urban area of Janaúba, MG. Weekly, were collected systematically fruit flies through trap type McPhail and ripe fruit and in ripening one, on those orchards. Were collected 7.016 tephritid obtained from trap (5.226 and fruit (1.790, from which 1.044 belonged to genus Anastrepha and 5.972 were Ceratitis capitata. The specimens number of C. capitata (85.1% was around six times superior to Anastrepha spp. (14.9%, demonstrating the preference of this species for urban orchards. Eight species of Anastrepha occur in urban orchards of Janaúba, MG. Ceratitis capitata was found infesting 10 species of host fruits, being the main S. purpurea and guava. In fruits were collected three species of Anastrepha (A. obliqua, A. sororcula and A. zenildae which were associated with five species of fruit (Malpighia glabra L, Psidium guayava L, S. dulcis, S. purpurea and S. tuberosa. The predominant species of Anastrepha was A. obliqua, and S. tuberosa and S. purpurea being the main hosts of this species in the urban area of Janaúba, MG.

Nutritional, Medicinal and Toxicological Attributes of Star-Fruits (Averrhoa carambola L.): A Review.

Science.gov (United States)

Muthu, Narmataa; Lee, Su Yin; Phua, Kia Kien; Bhore, Subhash Janardhan

2016-01-01

Plants are very complex organisms that produce medicinally important natural products. The Star-fruit producing plant (Averrhoa carambola L.) is a species of woody plant in the family Oxalidaceae native to the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka; but, cultivated in many parts of the world. Star-fruits are popular tropical fruits and used commonly in Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) in India, China, and Brazil to relieve ailments such as chronic headache, fever, cough, gastro-enteritis, diarrhoea, ringworm infections, and skin inflammations. However, this fruit contains high amount of oxalate, which is hazardous for uremic patients, and caramboxin (CBX), which is neurotoxic. The aim of this review is to highlight the nutritional, medicinal and toxicological traits of the star-fruits.

Modelagem geoestatística da distribuição de carbono do solo e biomassa de herbáceas em sistema silvopastoril.

OpenAIRE

Marystella Duarte Correia

2013-01-01

Estudos de algumas regiões semiáridas têm apontado o efeito benéfico de certas espécies de árvores em sistemas silvopastoris, por promoverem a formação de fertilidade do solo e aumentarem a sustentabilidade da produtividade agrícola. Neste trabalho, foram selecionadas três espécies arbóreas encontradas em pastagens de Capim buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris), juazeiro (Zyziphus joazeiro), umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa) e algaroba (Prosopis juliflora) da caatinga, bioma exclusivamente brasileiro,...

Espécies de Gorybia Pascoe (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Piezocerini ocorrentes na Bolívia

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Maria Helena M. Galileo

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Species of Gorybia Pascoe (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Piezocerini occurring in Bolivia. The genus Gorybia (Cerambycinae, Piezocerini consists of 45 described species with seven species recorded from Bolivia. Nine new species are described herein from Bolivia: G. abnormalis sp. nov.; G. alveolata sp. nov.; G. asyka sp. nov.; G. florida sp. nov.; G. inarmata sp. nov.; G. longithorax sp. nov.; G. guenda sp. nov.; G. tuberosa sp. nov. and G. wappesi sp. nov. A key to the species now known to occur in Bolivia is included.

Respostas metabólicas em camundongos submetidos à dieta indutora de obesidade e alimentados com iogurtes probióticos e yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius)

OpenAIRE

Pereira, Juciane de Abreu Ribeiro

2013-01-01

Muitas pesquisas têm sido realizadas na busca de terapias alternativas para a obesidade, a qual caracteriza-se por estado inflamatório que interfere em vários processos metabólicos, modificando perfil lipídico e glicêmico, podendo causar dislipidemias e resistência à insulina. Os alimentos com alegação de propriedades funcionais se destacam nesse contexto, a exemplo de iogurtes probióticos e raiz tuberosa de yacon (Smallanthus sonchinfolius). O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos d...

Tumor intracardiaco en el recién nacido

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Yanett Sarmiento Portal

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Introducción: los tumores primarios cardiacos son raros durante la infancia y en su mayoría benignos, siendo los rabdomiomas los más comunes, asociándose en más del 60% de los casos con esclerosis tuberosa. La mayoría de ellos tienden a involucionar, pero algunos, según su localización y manifestaciones clínicas, requerirán tratamiento quirúrgico. Caso clínico: recién nacido del sexo femenino, hija de madre de 34 años. Nace producto de cesárea iterada a las 40 semanas, Apgar 9-9 y peso al nacer 2800 gramos. Tuvo seguimiento por Genética Clínica durante el embarazo por detectarse en ultrasonido prenatal la presencia de tumoración intracardiaca, la cual se confirma al realizar ecografía postnatal, con un área tumoral de 3,5mm. Se diagnostica Rabdomioma intracardiaco que no obstruye el tracto de salida, con seguimiento clínico y ecocardiográfico mensual y evolución favorable. Conclusiones: los tumores cardiacos fetales son extraordinariamente raros. Se pueden diagnosticar por ecografía desde la vida intrauterina. La actitud recomendada es expectante por la posibilidad de regresión espontánea, excepto en aquellos casos con repercusión clínica. En el seguimiento se debe descartar la presencia de esclerosis tuberosa por su elevada asociación con esta entidad.

First report of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) and the associated parasitoid Anagyrus kamali Moursi, 1948 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Marsaro Júnior, A L; Peronti, A L B G; Penteado-Dias, A M; Morais, E G F; Pereira, P R V S

2013-05-01

The pink hibiscus mealybug (PHM), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and the associated hymenopterous parasitoid, Anagyrus kamali Moursi, 1948 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), are reported for the first time in Brazil. Specimens of the PHM were collected on nine hosts plants, Annona muricata L. (Anonnaceae), Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae), Centrolobium paraensis Tul. (Fabaceae), Inga edulis Mart. (Fabaceae), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (Malvaceae), Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae), Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae) and Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae), in four municipalities in the north-northeast of the state of Roraima. The plants C. paraensis, I. edulis and C. sinensis are recorded for the first time as a hosts for PHM. Characteristic injuries observed on the host plants infested by PHM and suggestions for its management are presented.

Bagaço e fécula de mandioca na elaboração de farinhas cruas e pré-gelatinizadas, snacks e macarrões instantâneos com amaranto

OpenAIRE

FIORDA, Fernanda Assumpção

2011-01-01

A mandioca é uma tuberosa amilácea de grande potencial energético, podendo ser utilizada tanto para o consumo in natura como para industrialização, gerando quantidades significativas de bagaço, que apresenta potencialidade de uso como fonte de fibra alimentar. A tecnologia de extrusão vem sendo explorada nos últimos anos para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos alimentícios como massas alimentícias que estão incorporadas à cozinha brasileira, servindo como prato principal ou complemento, em m...

Wood chips procurement and research project at the Mikkeli region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saksa, T.; Auvinen, P.

1996-01-01

In 1993-94, a large-scale energywood production chain started as a co-operation project by the Mikkeli city forest office and local forestry societies. In 1995 over 115 000 m 3 (about 85 000 MWh of energy) of wood chips were delivered to Pursiala heat and power plant in Mikkeli. About 75 % of these chips was forest processed chips. About 70 % of the forest processed chips was whole tree chips from improvement cuttings of young forest stands and the rest was logging waste chips from regeneration cutting areas. The average total delivery costs of forest processed chips after reduction of energywood and other subsidies were approximately 45 FIM/m 3 (60 FIM/MWh) for the whole tree chips and 38 FIM/m 3 (50 FIM/MWh) for logging waste chips. The delivery costs of forest processed chips could meet the target of Bioenergy Research Programme (45 FIM/MWh) only in the most favourable cases. In an average the delivery costs were about 9 FIM/MWh more than the price obtained when sold to the heat and power plant. However the wood chip production created 27 new jobs and the increase of income to the local economy was about 2.2 milj. FIM /year. The local communities got new tax revenue about 3 FIM/MWh. The gain for the forestry was approximated to be 5 - 6 FIM/MWh. The resources of forest processed chips were studied on the basis of stand measurements. According to the study the most remarkable energywood resources were in young thinning stands on Oxalis-Myrtillus and Myrtillus forest site types. On Oxalis-Myrtillus type almost every and on Myrtillus type every second stand included energywood more than 40 m 3 /ha

Wood chips procurement and research project at the Mikkeli region; Puuhakkeen hankinta- ja tutkimusprojekti Mikkelin seudulla

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saksa, T [Finnish Forest Research Inst., Suonenjoki (Finland). Suonenjoki Research Station; Auvinen, P [Mikkeli city (Finland). Dept. of Agriculture and Forestry

1997-12-31

In 1993-94, a large-scale energywood production chain started as a co-operation project by the Mikkeli city forest office and local forestry societies. In 1995 over 115 000 m{sup 3} (about 85 000 MWh of energy) of wood chips were delivered to Pursiala heat and power plant in Mikkeli. About 75 % of these chips was forest processed chips. About 70 % of the forest processed chips was whole tree chips from improvement cuttings of young forest stands and the rest was logging waste chips from regeneration cutting areas. The average total delivery costs of forest processed chips after reduction of energywood and other subsidies were approximately 45 FIM/m{sup 3} (60 FIM/MWh) for the whole tree chips and 38 FIM/m{sup 3} (50 FIM/MWh) for logging waste chips. The delivery costs of forest processed chips could meet the target of Bioenergy Research Programme (45 FIM/MWh) only in the most favourable cases. In an average the delivery costs were about 9 FIM/MWh more than the price obtained when sold to the heat and power plant. However the wood chip production created 27 new jobs and the increase of income to the local economy was about 2.2 milj. FIM /year. The local communities got new tax revenue about 3 FIM/MWh. The gain for the forestry was approximated to be 5 - 6 FIM/MWh. The resources of forest processed chips were studied on the basis of stand measurements. According to the study the most remarkable energywood resources were in young thinning stands on Oxalis-Myrtillus and Myrtillus forest site types. On Oxalis-Myrtillus type almost every and on Myrtillus type every second stand included energywood more than 40 m{sup 3}/ha

Wood chips procurement and research project at the Mikkeli region; Puuhakkeen hankinta- ja tutkimusprojekti Mikkelin seudulla

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saksa, T. [Finnish Forest Research Inst., Suonenjoki (Finland). Suonenjoki Research Station; Auvinen, P. [Mikkeli city (Finland). Dept. of Agriculture and Forestry

1996-12-31

In 1993-94, a large-scale energywood production chain started as a co-operation project by the Mikkeli city forest office and local forestry societies. In 1995 over 115 000 m{sup 3} (about 85 000 MWh of energy) of wood chips were delivered to Pursiala heat and power plant in Mikkeli. About 75 % of these chips was forest processed chips. About 70 % of the forest processed chips was whole tree chips from improvement cuttings of young forest stands and the rest was logging waste chips from regeneration cutting areas. The average total delivery costs of forest processed chips after reduction of energywood and other subsidies were approximately 45 FIM/m{sup 3} (60 FIM/MWh) for the whole tree chips and 38 FIM/m{sup 3} (50 FIM/MWh) for logging waste chips. The delivery costs of forest processed chips could meet the target of Bioenergy Research Programme (45 FIM/MWh) only in the most favourable cases. In an average the delivery costs were about 9 FIM/MWh more than the price obtained when sold to the heat and power plant. However the wood chip production created 27 new jobs and the increase of income to the local economy was about 2.2 milj. FIM /year. The local communities got new tax revenue about 3 FIM/MWh. The gain for the forestry was approximated to be 5 - 6 FIM/MWh. The resources of forest processed chips were studied on the basis of stand measurements. According to the study the most remarkable energywood resources were in young thinning stands on Oxalis-Myrtillus and Myrtillus forest site types. On Oxalis-Myrtillus type almost every and on Myrtillus type every second stand included energywood more than 40 m{sup 3}/ha

[Star fruit as a cause of acute kidney injury].

Science.gov (United States)

Scaranello, Karilla Lany; Alvares, Valeria Regina de Cristo; Carneiro, Daniely Maria Queiroz; Barros, Flávio Henrique Soares; Gentil, Thais Marques Sanches; Thomaz, Myriam José; Pereira, Benedito Jorge; Pereira, Mariana Batista; Leme, Graziella Malzoni; Diz, Mary Carla Esteves; Laranja, Sandra Maria Rodrigues

2014-01-01

The star fruit belongs to the family Oxalidacea, species Averrhoa carambola. It is rich in minerals, vitamin A, C, B complex vitamins and oxalic acid. Recent studies show that the toxicity of the fruit differs between the patients and may be explained by single biological responses, age, and the intake quantity of the neurotoxin in each fruit in addition to glomerular filtration rate given by each patient. Additionally, the nephrotoxicity caused by the fruit is dose-dependent and may lead to the deposition of crystals of calcium oxalate intratubular, as well as by direct injury to the renal tubular epithelium, leading to apoptosis of the same. We report the case of a patient who after ingestion of the juice and fresh fruit, developed acute renal failure requiring dialysis, evolving with favourable outcome and recovery of renal function.

Astrocitoma subependimário de células gigantes em pacientes com esclerose tuberosa: achados em ressonância magnética de dez casos Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in patients with tuberous sclerosis: magnetic resonance imaging findings in ten cases

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karina Takata

2007-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Relatar os achados de ressonância magnética (RM em 10 casos de astrocitoma subependimário de células gigantes (ASCG em pacientes com esclerose tuberosa (ET. MÉTODO: Foram estudados de forma retrospectiva 10 pacientes com ET e diagnóstico histológico comprovado de ASCG. Quatro pacientes eram do sexo masculino e seis do feminino, com idade média de 15,7 anos. Todos os pacientes foram investigados com RM, sendo os exames revisados por dois radiologistas, havendo decisão por consenso sobre os achados de imagem. Foram analisados os seguintes achados: localização, dimensões, intensidade de sinal em T1/T2, realce pós-contraste e outros achados associados. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes apresentaram lesão única sugestiva de ASCG, medindo entre 1,5 cm e 8 cm em seu maior diâmetro. Oito lesões foram encontradas junto ao forame de Monro (80% e duas adjacentes ao corpo do ventrículo lateral (20%. Os tumores apresentavam nas imagens pesadas em T1 médio sinal (70% e em T2 alto sinal (100%, com realce intenso após a administração do gadolínio (100%. CONCLUSÃO: Os astrocitomas subependimários de células gigantes em pacientes com ET em geral apresentam-se como lesão única próxima ao forame de Monro, com médio sinal nas imagens ponderadas em T1, alto sinal em T2 e realce intenso após a administração de contraste.OBJECTIVE: To report the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI findings in 10 patients with subependimal giant cell astrocytoma (SGCA and tuberous sclerosis (TS. METHOD: Ten patients were retrospectively studied, presenting TS and histologically proven SGCA. Four patients were male and six female, with mean age 15.7 years. All patients underwent MRI, which was analyzed by two radiologists, final diagnosis was reached by consensus. The following findings were studied: topography, size, signal intensity on T1/T2-weighted images, contrast enhancement and associated findings. RESULTS: All patients presented a single lesion

Changes in electrophoretic profiles of Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato induced by gamma radiation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Celso Luiz Salgueiro Lage

2002-06-01

Full Text Available The ability of nodal segments of Ipomoea batatas to differentiate shoots and roots was evaluated after gamma irradiation. Shoot differentiation was less sensitive to irradiation than roots. However, at 90 Gy, no shoot was able to regenerate a new plant; in contrast 76 % of the roots from irradiated nodal segments continued to grow. The gamma radiation also induced changes in electrophoretic profiles of peroxidases of storage roots. Plants originated from irradiated storage roots presented changes in leaf peroxidase profiles very similar to those produced by leaves directly irradiated. The peroxidase profile of absorbent roots from irradiated storage roots was different from that obtained from directly irradiated absorbent roots.A capacidade de Ipomoea batatas diferenciar parte aérea e raízes foi avaliada após irradiação com raios gama. A diferenciação da parte aérea foi menos sensível que a das raízes. Contudo, na dose de 90 Gy nenhum broto diferenciado regenerou planta, enquanto 76 % das raízes diferenciadas dos segmentos nodais irradiados manteve o crescimento. A radiação também induziu mudanças no perfil elotroforético de isoperoxidases. Plantas originadas de raízes tuberosas irradiadas apresentaram alteração no perfil de isoperoxidases foliares semelhantes ao perfil de folhas diretamente irradiadas. O perfil de isoperoxidases de raízes absorventes irradiadas diretamente não apresentou o mesmo padrão do perfil das raízes absorventes desenvolvidas de raízes tuberosas irradiadas.

The phylogenetic significance of leaf anatomical traits of southern African Oxalis

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jooste, M.; Dreyer, L. L.; Oberlander, Kenneth

2016-01-01

Roč. 16, č. 1 (2016), s. 1-19, č. článku 225. ISSN 1471-2148 Institutional support: RVO:67985939 Keywords : ancestral state reconstruction * eEpistomaty * leaf anatomy * stomatal position * phylogenetics Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 3.221, year: 2016

Extraction of ecdysterone from roots of Brazilian ginseng

OpenAIRE

Flores, Rejane; Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira; Brondani, Daniela; Maldaner, Joseila; Cezarotto, Verciane; Giacomelli, Sandro Rogério

2009-01-01

Este estudo teve como objetivo otimizar a extração de ecdisterona em raízes de ginseng brasileiro. Primeiramente, para se avaliar a eficiência do solvente extrator, amostras de raízes dois acessos (BRA e JB-UFSM) de P. glomerata foram extraídas em Soxhlet com metanol e clorofórmio, separadamente, durante 4 horas. No segundo ensaio, com o intuito de se escolher o método extrator, a extração foi conduzida em Soxhlet e em ultrassom, utilizando metanol como solvente. Em P. tuberosa, as amostras f...

Extração de ecdisterona em raízes de ginseng brasileiro

OpenAIRE

Flores,Rejane; Nicoloso,Fernando Teixeira; Brondani,Daniela; Maldaner,Joseila; Cezarotto,Verciane; Giacomelli,Sandro Rogério

2009-01-01

Este estudo teve como objetivo otimizar a extração de ecdisterona em raízes de ginseng brasileiro. Primeiramente, para se avaliar a eficiência do solvente extrator, amostras de raízes dois acessos (BRA e JB-UFSM) de P. glomerata foram extraídas em Soxhlet com metanol e clorofórmio, separadamente, durante 4 horas. No segundo ensaio, com o intuito de se escolher o método extrator, a extração foi conduzida em Soxhlet e em ultrassom, utilizando metanol como solvente. Em P. tuberosa, as amostras f...

Hypoglycemic effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edilene B. Ferreira

Full Text Available The effect of the oral treatment (20 mg/kg x day with the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Averrhoa carambola L. (HELAC on fasting glycemia (15 h was examined. For this purpose, rats that received vehicle (Control group or HELAC (HELAC group during 15 days were compared. HELAC group showed lower fasting glycemia (p<0.05. In contrast, livers from HELAC group showed higher (p<0.05 glucose production from L-alanine (5 mM. This effect was mediated, at least part of it, by an activation of the catabolism of L-alanine inferred by the increased hepatic urea (p<0.05 and L-lactate (p<0.05 production. Differently of L-alanine, the glucose production from L-glutamine (5 mM, L-lactate (2 mM and glycerol (2 mM was similar (Control group vs. HELAC group. In addition, the HELAC treatment did not change the glucose uptake in soleus muscles, inferred by the incorporation of [14C]-glucose to glycogen (glycogen synthesis and [14C]-lactate production. Thus, we can conclude that the reduction of fasting glycemia promoted by the treatment with HELAC was not mediated by an inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and/or an increased glucose uptake by muscles.

Population survey of phytoseiid mites and spider mites on peach leaves and wild plants in Japanese peach orchard.

Science.gov (United States)

Wari, David; Yamashita, Jun; Kataoka, Yoko; Kohara, Yoko; Hinomoto, Norihide; Kishimoto, Hidenari; Toyoshima, Shingo; Sonoda, Shoji

2014-07-01

A population survey of phytoseiid mites and spider mites was conducted on peach leaves and wild plants in Japanese peach orchards having different pesticide practices. The phytoseiid mite species composition on peach leaves and wild plants, as estimated using quantitative sequencing, changed during the survey period. Moreover, it varied among study sites. The phytoseiid mite species compositions were similar between peach leaves and some wild plants, such as Veronica persica, Paederia foetida, Persicaria longiseta, and Oxalis corniculata with larger quantities of phytoseiid mites, especially after mid-summer. A PCR-based method to detect the ribosomal ITS sequences of Tetranychus kanzawai and Panonychus mori from phytoseiid mites was developed. Results showed that Euseius sojaensis (specialized pollen feeder/generalist predator) uses both spider mites as prey in the field.

Efeito do metribuzin no controle das plantas daninhas e na produção de grãos em Glycine max (L merrill Effect of metribuzin in weed control and yield of Glycine max (L. merrill

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. P. Silva Neto

1991-01-01

Full Text Available No ano agrícola 1985/ 86, em Viçosa-MG, foi instalado um ensaio de campo em solo Pdzólico Vermelho-Amarelo argiloso e com 2,9% de matéria orgânica, objetivando estudar o efeito das doses de metribuzin (0,0; 0,35; 0,70 e 1,05 kg i.a.ha-1 no controle de plantas daninhas e na produtividade da soja (Geycine max (L. Merri ll, cv. 'Uber aba'. A maioria das monocotiledôneas que ocorreram na area experimental foi represent ada por Cyperus rotundus L., Brachiaria plantaginea (Link Hitch. e Cynodon dactylon (L. Pers., tendo-se verificado somente redução em Brachiaria planta taginea em virtude do aumento das doses de metribuzin, ocorrendo o mesmo com relação às dicotiledôneas que se fizerem presentes no experimento, com exceção de Oxalis Oxyptera Prop., que não foi controlada nas doses utilizadas. A densidade total médias das invasoras, menos Cyperus rotundus , Oxalis oxyptera e Cynodon dactylon, foi de 141; 124; 62 e 59 plantas . m-2, respectivamente, para as doses de 0,0; 0,35 ; 0,70 e 1,05 kg i.a.ha-1 de metribuzin. A dose de 0,35 kg i.a. de metribuzin.ha-1 foi suficiente para promover a redução da matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas daninhas com a mesma eficiência de controle da dose de 1,05 kg i.a .ha-1 Entretanto, a densidade total médil das invasoras foi reduzida sig nificativamente nas doses de 0,70 e 1,05 kg i.a. de metribuzin.ha-l. O efeito do metribuzin na soja foi evidenciado somente na dose de 1,05 kg i.a.ha-1, com injúria foliar (clorose leve ocorrida até 25 dias, aproximadamente, apôs a emergência das plântulas. Após esse período, houve total recuperação de todas as plantas de soja submetidas a essa dose. A produção de grão se o índice de colheita não foram influencia dos significativamente pelas doses de metribuzin.In order to test doses of metribu zin (0,0; 0,35; 0,70 and 1,05 kg a.i.ha ¹ in weed control and yield of soybe an (Glycine max (L. Merri ll, Uberaba, an experiment was conducted under

Características descriptivas de la raíz de wereke (Ibervillea sonorae Greene) y generalidades bioquímicas de su extracto acuoso

OpenAIRE

Sinagawa-García, SR; Gutiérrez-Díez, A; Mora-Olivo, A; Juárez-Aragón, MC; Torres-Castillo, JA

2015-01-01

En el presente trabajo se determinó la descripción general de un extracto acuoso obtenido de la raíz de Ibervillea sonorae; además, se incluyó una descripción histológica de la misma raíz. Un análisis bromatológico general efectuado indicó que la raíz posee valores nutrimentales similares a los reportados para raíces tuberosas comestibles incluyendo al camote, yuca, jícama y arracacha. Por primera vez en la raíz de wereke se reportó la presencia de una proteasa activa a pH alcalino y la activ...

Evaluación químico bromatológica de las variedades Yurac Llajum, Gello Llajum y Yurac Checche de Smallanthus Sonchifolius (Poepp & Endl).H. Robinson (Yacón) procedente de Puno

OpenAIRE

Ramos Zapana, Rubén; Arias Arroyo, Gladys

2014-01-01

Las variedades Yurac llajum, Qello llajum y Yurac checche de la especie Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp & Endl) (Yacón), procedente de la provincia de Sandia del Departamento de Puno, se desarrollan entre 1500 a 3000 msnm. Conocidas como “yacón”, “yakuma”, “llaqón”, “llacun” o “llacuma” en quechua; en aymara “aricoma” o “aricuma“; en español “Yacón”, “Jacón”, “llacón”, “arboloco”, “Puhe”, “jicama”, “jíquima”, “jikima” o “jiquimilla”. Estas raíces tuberosas de sabor dulce y refrescante, de asp...

Wild vascular plants gathered for consumption in the Polish countryside: a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Łuczaj, Łukasz; Szymański, Wojciech M

2007-04-15

This paper is an ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants gathered for consumption from the end of the 18th century to the present day, within the present borders of Poland. 42 ethnographic and botanical sources documenting the culinary use of wild plants were analyzed. The use of 112 species (3.7% of the flora) has been recorded. Only half of them have been used since the 1960s. Three species: Cirsium rivulare, Euphorbia peplus and Scirpus sylvaticus have never before been reported as edible by ethnobotanical literature. The list of wild edible plants which are still commonly gathered includes only two green vegetables (Rumex acetosa leaves for soups and Oxalis acetosella as children's snack), 15 folk species of fruits and seeds (Crataegus spp., Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Fragaria vesca, Malus domestica, Prunus spinosa, Pyrus spp., Rosa canina, Rubus idaeus, Rubus sect. Rubus, Sambucus nigra, Vaccinium myrtillus, V. oxycoccos, V. uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea) and four taxa used for seasoning or as preservatives (Armoracia rusticana root and leaves, Carum carvi seeds, Juniperus communis pseudo-fruits and Quercus spp. leaves). The use of other species is either forgotten or very rare. In the past, several species were used for food in times of scarcity, most commonly Chenopodium album, Urtica dioica, U. urens, Elymus repens, Oxalis acetosella and Cirsium spp., but now the use of wild plants is mainly restricted to raw consumption or making juices, jams, wines and other preserves. The history of the gradual disappearance of the original barszcz, Heracleum sphondylium soup, from Polish cuisine has been researched in detail and two, previously unpublished, instances of its use in the 20th century have been found in the Carpathians. An increase in the culinary use of some wild plants due to media publications can be observed. Poland can be characterized as a country where the traditions of culinary use of wild plants became impoverished very early, compared to

GARDEN PLANTS: PROBLEMS CAUSED BY AN UNEXPECTED VISITOR

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M. A. Oliveira

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Scarabaeidae defoliators are considered of great importance in Brazil because they seriously damage the leaf system of several plant species. The objective of this study was to report the occurrence of the defoliating beetle Bolax campicola Machatschke, 1974 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae attacking ornamental plants in the urban area of municipality of Forestal, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The initial attack was observed on the ornamental palm species Dypsis lutescens (Arecaceae whose leaves were completely consumed, and then these insects began to feed on Canna indica (Cannaceae, another ornamental species, which was found near to the first. However, in the same location newly planted fruit tree seedlings of Plinia trunciflora (Myrtaceae, Averrhoa carambola (Oxalidaceae and Malpighia emarginata (Malpighiaceae were attacked and completely defoliated. This report of damage to plants in urban areas by B. flavolineatus demonstrates the need for studies on the behavior and feeding preference of these insects, and even their ability to adapt to different host plants.

Cytotoxic and Apoptosis-Inducing Activity of Plants from the Family Asparagaceae in Relation to Human Alveolar Adenocarcinoma Cells

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Y.N. Kamalova

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Cancer is known as the second major mortality cause. The number of new cases is increasing every year. Thus, it is urgent for scientists to search for alternative drugs with selective antitumor action and minimal side effects. It is known that some plant metabolites exhibit antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activity, while at the same time being less toxic than modern allopathic drugs. In this work, we have investigated the cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects of extracts obtained from plants of the family Asparagaceae on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. The analysis has been performed using flow cytofluorometry. If extracts showed cytotoxicity, the apoptosis-inducing action has been evaluated at the concentration of 50 μg/mL; in other cases, the analyzed concentration range was 50–300 μg/mL. On the basis of the experiments carried out, the following conclusions have been made. Extracts of the leaves and rhizomes of Sansevieria cylindrica and Sansevieria trifasciata do not possess antitumor activity. Extracts of the leaves of Polianthes tuberosa and Furcraea gigantea, which were cytotoxic at high concentrations, cause cell death at 50 μg/mL in the amount of 21.35 ± 1.86 and 15.6 ± 3.23, respectively. Extracts of Polianthes tuberosa bulbs and Yucca filamentosa leaves are able to induce apoptosis at higher concentrations. When the concentration reaches 100 μg/mL, the proportion of apoptotic cells for these plants is 45.76 ± 1.34 and 11.33 ± 0.07, respectively. The number of dead cells at the concentration of 300 μg/mL increased up to 73.33 ± 3.05 and 81.75 ± 4.07. The results have great importance for development of new drugs based on metabolites from these plant extracts.

Citogenética de Angiospermas coletadas em Pernambuco: V Cytogenetics of Angiosperms collected in the State of Pernambuco: V

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Andrea Pedrosa

1999-04-01

Full Text Available Foram analisadas 33 espécies, entre nativas e introduzidas, pertencentes a 20 famílias de angiospermas ocorrentes no Estado de Pernambuco. A caracterização cariotípica da maioria das espécies foi baseada no número e morfologia cromossômica, padrão de condensação de cromossomos profásicos e estrutura de núcleo interfásico. Cinco espécies tiveram seus números cromossômicos determinados pela primeira vez, sendo elas: Cereus jamacaru (2n=22, Clitoria fairchildiana (2n=22, Eugenia luschnathiana (2n=22, Licania tomentosa (2n=22 e Spondias tuberosa (n=16. No caso de Licania tomentosa esta é a primeira citação de número cromossômico para o gênero. Das outras 28 espécies, três (Cecropia cf. palmata, 2n=26; Crinum erubescens, 2n=70; e Schinus terebentifolius, 2n=28 apresentaram números cromossômicos diferentes dos registrados previamente na literatura.Thirty three native and introduced species from 20 families of angiosperms collected in the State of Pernambuco were analysed. The karyotype description of the majority of the species was based on chromosome number and morphology, condensation pattern of prophase chromosomes as well as interphase nuclear structure. In five species (Cereus jamacaru, 2n=22; Clitoria fairchildiana, 2n=22; Eugenia luschnathiana, 2n=22; Licania tomentosa, 2n=22; and Spondias tuberosa, n=16 the chromosome number is reported here for the first time. In the case of Licania tomentosa, this is also the first report for the genus. Among the other 28 species, three (Cecropia cf. palmata, 2n=26; Crinum erubescens, 2n=70; and Schinus terebentifolius, 2n=28 showed chromosome numbers different from what has previously been reported.

Marantaceae: novidades taxonômicas e nomenclaturais III: tipificações, sinonímias e uma nova combinação em Calathea Marantaceae: taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties III: typifications, synonyms and a new combination in Calathea

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João Marcelo Alvarenga Braga

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Dando continuidade ao levantamento dos táxons de Marantaceae ocorrentes no Brasil, propõe-se novidades taxonômicas e nomenclaturais envolvendo algumas espécies de Marantaceae descritas e ilustradas na Flora Fluminensis de Frei José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo. Maranta monophylla, M. prolifera e M. tuberosa são circunscritas aqui a partir das informações morfológicas e fitogeográficas contidas nas descrições e nos comentários existentes nas obras originais, além da análise das estampas publicadas em contribuições subseqüentes e que ilustram com detalhamento as espécies. A partir dos dados coligidos e da comparação com coleções recentes e tipos nomenclaturais é proposta uma nova combinação, dada a necessidade de se transferir M. prolifera para o gênero Calathea. São propostos como sinônimos algumas espécies de Calathea comumente citadas nos levantamentos florísticos realizados no domínio da Floresta Atlântica.To continue the survey on Marantaceae taxa being carried out in Brazil, new taxonomic and nomenclatural proposals are made involving some species of Marantaceae described and illustrated in Flora Fluminensis by Friar José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo. Maranta monophylla, M prolifera and M. tuberosa are circumscribed here from morphologic and phytogeographic information contained in descriptions and commentaries from Vellozo's originals, as well as from analysis of prints which were published subsequently that illustrate the species in detail. From the gathered data and the comparison with recent collections and nomenclatural types, a new combination is proposed, due to the necessity of transferring M. prolifera to the genus Calathea. Some Calathea species commonly cited in floristic surveys at the Atlantic Forest are proposed as synonyms.

Heat processing (HTST of umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda Câmara pulp

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Emanuelle Araújo de Oliveira

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Umbu pulp is an important product in the economy of the northeastern region of Brazil, and its preservation can be ensured by heat treatment. A complete factorial design with 2 factors (time and temperature and 3 central points was used to verify the effect of the HTST process on the physicochemical, chemical, physical, microbiological, and sensory qualities of umbu pulps. The results showed that the heat treatments applied resulted in products without significant alterations on the physicochemical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics. With respect to color, the parameters L and a* were altered by increases in temperature indicating by darkening of color. The sensory evaluation indicated that a treatment of 88 °C for 10 seconds was the best processing condition due to the greater similarity of the resulting product to the reference sample (blanched pulp.

Epidemiological studies on Fasciola hepatica in Gafsa oases (South West of Tunisia

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Hammami H.

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Epidemiological investigations on Fasciola hepatica fasciolasis were carried out from July 2004 to June 2005 in the Gafsa oases (Tunisia after the detection of a human case. Three habitats were studied: one in El Gsar and two in Ain Soltan. The prevalence of human infection was 6.6 %. The presence of the parasite was detected through serology in 14.3 % of cattle, 35 % of sheep and 68.4 % of goats. The plants Apium nodiflorum, Oxalis cernua and Sonchus maritimus were suspected to be at the origin of animal contamination and Apium nodiflorum was incriminated in human infection. The prevalence of the infection of the intermediate host Galba truncatula (G. truncatula was 19.2 % from July 2004 to June 2005. Gafsa oases constitute a new location for the development of fasciolasis in the southern west of Tunisia.

Three sesquiterpene compounds biosynthesised from artemisinic acid using suspension-cultured cells of Averrhoa carambola (Oxalidaceae).

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Yang, Li; Zhu, Jianhua; Song, Liyan; Shi, Xiaojian; Li, Xingyi; Yu, Rongmin

2012-01-01

A new sesquiterpene glycoside, artemisinic acid 3-β-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3, 31.24%) and other two biotransformation products, 3-β-hydroxyartemisinic acid (2, 36.69%) and 3-β-hydroxyartemisinic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (4, 7.03%), were biosynthesised after artemisinic acid (1) was administered to the cultured cells of Averrhoa carambola. The three biotransformation products were obtained for the first time by using the suspension-cultured cells of A. carambola as a new biocatalyst system, and their structures were identified on the basis of the physico-chemical properties, NMR and mass spectral analyses. The results indicate that the cultured cells of A. carambola have the abilities to hydroxylate and glycosylate sesquiterpene compounds in a regio- and stereoselective manner. Furthermore, the anti-tumour activity of compounds 3 and 4 was evaluated against K562 and HeLa cell lines. Compound 4 showed strong activity against HeLa cell line, with the IC₅₀ value of 0.56 µmol mL⁻¹.

Wild vascular plants gathered for consumption in the Polish countryside: a review

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Szymański Wojciech M

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background This paper is an ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants gathered for consumption from the end of the 18th century to the present day, within the present borders of Poland. Methods 42 ethnographic and botanical sources documenting the culinary use of wild plants were analyzed. Results The use of 112 species (3.7% of the flora has been recorded. Only half of them have been used since the 1960s. Three species: Cirsium rivulare, Euphorbia peplus and Scirpus sylvaticus have never before been reported as edible by ethnobotanical literature. The list of wild edible plants which are still commonly gathered includes only two green vegetables (Rumex acetosa leaves for soups and Oxalis acetosella as children's snack, 15 folk species of fruits and seeds (Crataegus spp., Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Fragaria vesca, Malus domestica, Prunus spinosa, Pyrus spp., Rosa canina, Rubus idaeus, Rubus sect. Rubus, Sambucus nigra, Vaccinium myrtillus, V. oxycoccos, V. uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea and four taxa used for seasoning or as preservatives (Armoracia rusticana root and leaves, Carum carvi seeds, Juniperus communis pseudo-fruits and Quercus spp. leaves. The use of other species is either forgotten or very rare. In the past, several species were used for food in times of scarcity, most commonly Chenopodium album, Urtica dioica, U. urens, Elymus repens, Oxalis acetosella and Cirsium spp., but now the use of wild plants is mainly restricted to raw consumption or making juices, jams, wines and other preserves. The history of the gradual disappearance of the original barszcz, Heracleum sphondylium soup, from Polish cuisine has been researched in detail and two, previously unpublished, instances of its use in the 20th century have been found in the Carpathians. An increase in the culinary use of some wild plants due to media publications can be observed. Conclusion Poland can be characterized as a country where the traditions of culinary

Diversity and aggregation patterns of plant species in a grass community

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Ran Li

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Both composition and aggregation patterns of species in a community are the outcome of community self-organizing. In this paper we conducted analysis on species diversity and aggregation patterns of plant species in a grass community, Zhuhai, China. According to the sampling survey, in total of 47 plant species, belonging to 16 families, were found. Compositae had 10 species (21.3%, seconded by Gramineae (9 species, 19.1%, Leguminosae (6 species, 12.8%, Cyperaceae (4 species, 8.5%, and Malvaceae (3 species, 6.4%. The results revealed that the means of aggregation indices Iδ, I and m*/m were 21.71, 15.71 and 19.89 respectively and thus individuals of most of plant species strongly followed aggregative distribution. Iwao analysis indicated that both individuals of all species and clumps of all individuals of all species followed aggregative distribution. Taylor's power law indicated that individuals of all species followed aggregative distribution and aggregation intensity strengthened as the increase of mean density. We held that the strong aggregation intensity of a species has been resulted from the strong adaptation ability to the environment, the strong interspecific competition ability and the earlier establishment of the species. Fitting goodness of the mean, I, Iδ, m*/m with probability distributions demonstrated that the mean (density, I, Iδ, and m*/m over all species followed Weibull distribution rather than normal distribution. Lophatherum gracile, Paederia scandens (Lour. Merr., Eleusine indica, and Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart. Griseb. were mostly aggregative, and Oxalis sp., Eleocharis plantagineiformis, Vernonia cinerea (L. Less., and Sapium sebiferum (L. Roxb, were mostly uniform in the spatial distribution. Importance values (IV showed that Cynodon dactylon was the most important species, seconded by Desmodium triflorum (L. DC., Cajanus scarabaeoides (L. Benth., Paspalum scrobiculatum L., and Rhynchelytrum repens. Oxalis

ESCLEROSIS TUBEROSA Y AFECCIÓN RENAL: REPORTE DE UN CASO CLÍNICO

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Ciocchini M

2016-05-01

Full Text Available A 27 year-old woman was initially referred to the division of nephrology because of polyuria and the finding of renal cysts. She did not have nervous system manifestations. According to the "2012 International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference" the diagnosis of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC was completed. TSC is an autosomal dominant inherited multisystem disease with nearly complete penetrance. Clinical manifestations can vary widely even in patients belonging to a same linage. The morbidity and mortality depends on renal or respiratory complications on adulthood. This report highlight the need of a high level of suspicions in patients with manifestations compatible with this disease and shows the importance of a multidisciplinary team working together to arrive to the appropriate diagnosis.

ESCLEROSIS TUBEROSA ASOCIADA A SÍNDROME NEFRÓTICO Y FALLA RENAL AGUDA

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Gabriela Santos Revilla

2014-03-01

Full Text Available The tuberous sclerosis complex is a phakomatosis, characterized by cutaneous lesions, epilepsy and mental retardation; woth variable affectation in brain, kidneys, heart and other organs. With dominant autosomic character, there are between 60 to 70% de novo mutations. Renal lesions can be identified in up to 57.5% of patients We report the case of a 20 years old male patient from the Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza. He presents cuteanousangiofibroma, Shegreen patches, subependymal calcifications, renal angiomyolipomas and mild metal retardation; along with the diverse forms of clinical-pathologic presentations of tuberous sclerosis complex.

Protective effects of total extracts of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) roots on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

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Xu, Xiaohui; Liang, Tao; Wen, Qingwei; Lin, Xing; Tang, Jingzhi; Zuo, Qiaoyun; Tao, Liqun; Xuan, Feifei; Huang, Renbin

2014-01-01

In Chinese culture, the roots of Averrhoa carambola L. have long been used for medical purposes due to their potent pharmaceutical activities, such as improving digestive function and treating diabetes. Recently, we prepared extracts of Averrhoa carambola L. root (EACR), which were isolated from Averrhoa carambola L. roots using ethanol or water. This study was designed to investigate the potential effects of EACR on streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic mice and to explore the underlying mechanism of these effects. Male mice were injected with STZ through the tail vein (120 mg/kg body weight) and were identified as a diabetic mouse model when the level of blood glucose was ≥11.1 mmol/L. Subsequently, the mice were administered EACR (150, 300, 600, 1200 mg/kg body weight/d) and metformin (320 mg/kg body weight/d) via intragastric gavage for three weeks. The results indicated that EACR significantly decreased the serum levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs) and free fatty acids (FFAs), whereas the content of serum insulin was elevated. In addition, the expressions of apoptosis-related regulators (including caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9) and the apoptosis-induced protein Bax were markedly down-regulated by EACR, whereas the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein was notably increased. Furthermore, EACR could protect the diabetic mice against the STZ-induced apoptosis of pancreatic β cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that EACR plays an effective hyperglycemic role that is associated with ameliorating metabolic functions and with inhibiting apoptosis in pancreas tissue. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Protective Effects of Total Extracts of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae Roots on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

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Xiaohui Xu

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Background: In Chinese culture, the roots of Averrhoa carambola L. have long been used for medical purposes due to their potent pharmaceutical activities, such as improving digestive function and treating diabetes. Methods: Recently, we prepared extracts of Averrhoa carambola L. root (EACR, which were isolated from Averrhoa carambola L. roots using ethanol or water. This study was designed to investigate the potential effects of EACR on streptozotocin (STZ diabetic mice and to explore the underlying mechanism of these effects. Male mice were injected with STZ through the tail vein (120 mg/kg body weight and were identified as a diabetic mouse model when the level of blood glucose was ≥11.1 mmol/L. Subsequently, the mice were administered EACR (150, 300, 600, 1200 mg/kg body weight/d and metformin (320 mg/kg body weight/d via intragastric gavage for three weeks. Results: The results indicated that EACR significantly decreased the serum levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC, triglycerides (TGs and free fatty acids (FFAs, whereas the content of serum insulin was elevated. In addition, the expressions of apoptosis-related regulators (including caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the apoptosis-induced protein Bax were markedly down-regulated by EACR, whereas the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein was notably increased. Furthermore, EACR could protect the diabetic mice against the STZ-induced apoptosis of pancreatic β cells. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings indicate that EACR plays an effective hyperglycemic role that is associated with ameliorating metabolic functions and with inhibiting apoptosis in pancreas tissue.

Convulsant activity and neurochemical alterations induced by a fraction obtained from fruit Averrhoa carambola (Oxalidaceae: Geraniales).

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Carolino, Ruither O G; Beleboni, Renê O; Pizzo, Andrea B; Vecchio, Flavio Del; Garcia-Cairasco, Norberto; Moyses-Neto, Miguel; Santos, Wagner F Dos; Coutinho-Netto, Joaquim

2005-06-01

We obtained a neurotoxic fraction (AcTx) from star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) and studied its effects on GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission systems. AcTx had no effect on GABA/glutamate uptake or release, or on glutamate binding. However, it specifically inhibited GABA binding in a concentration-dependent manner (IC(50)=0.89muM). Video-electroencephalogram recordings demonstrated that following cortical administration of AcTx, animals showed behavioral changes, including tonic-clonic seizures, evolving into status epilepticus, accompanied by cortical epileptiform activity. Chemical characterization of AcTx showed that this compound is a nonproteic molecule with a molecular weight less than 500, differing from oxalic acid. This neurotoxic fraction of star fruit may be considered a new tool for neurochemical and neuroethological research.

Nutritional and antioxidant properties of wild edible plants and their use as potential ingredients in the modern diet.

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Romojaro, Ana; Botella, Ma Ángeles; Obón, Concepción; Pretel, Ma Teresa

2013-12-01

Thirteen species of wild edible plants belonging to 11 botanical families consumed in the traditional Mediterranean diet were evaluated. Sanguisorba minor, Quercus ballota and Sedum sediforme showed the highest hydrophilic total antioxidant activity (H-TAA) and total phenols. Asparagus acutifolius, Allium ampeloprasum, Foeniculum vulgare and Malva sylvestris presented high levels of potassium, Malva and Asparagus are interesting due to their zinc content, and Urtica urens contains a high content of calcium. Sensory analysis indicated that fruits from Q. ballota could be considered very sweet and plants of Crithmum maritimum and Oxalis pes-caprae are very acidic. Moreover, testers highlighted the salty taste of C. maritimum. Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum and Mesembryanthemum cristalinum, the spicy taste of A. ampeloprasum, and the aroma of F. vulgare. Our results indicate that increased consumption of the investigated plant species could provide health benefits. Moreover, due to their sensorial properties, they could be used as new ingredients to improve the diversity in modern diet and highly creative cuisine.

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis and tuberous sclerosis with pulmonary involvement; Linfangioleiomiomatosis y esclerosis tuberosa afectacion pulmonar

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Pedrosa, I.; Saiz, A.; Bustos, A.; Hernando, F. [Hospital cinico. San Carlos. Madrid (Spain)

2000-07-01

We present two cases of pulmonary lumphangioleiomyomatosis and one case of tuberous sclerosis with pulmonary involvement describing the most characteristic features according to plain chest X-ray and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). (Author) 14 refs.

First record of Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914 (Monophlebidae in Brazil and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908 (Pseudococcidae in the state of Maranhão

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A. S. J. C. Ramos

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae is recorded for the first time from Brazil and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae is recorded for the first time from the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Both species were collected from branches, leaves and fruits of various fruit trees in the municipalities of São José de Ribamar, São Luís and Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brazil. Crypticerya zeteki was collected on Citrus spp. (Rutaceae, Cocos nucifera (L. (Arecaceae, Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae, Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae, Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae, Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae and Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae, all first records for this species. Maconellicoccus hirsutus was collected on Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae and M. punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae, both new records for this species.

[Echocardiography in diagnosis of primary cardiac tumors in pediatrics].

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Erdmenger Orellana, Julio; Vázquez, Clara; Ortega Maldonado, Jesús

2005-01-01

We report the experience in the diagnosis of primary cardiac tumor during the period from 1999 to 2004, 8500 studies were revised echocardiographic carried out. We found 21 patients, 11 of female sex (55%). In 15/21 (71%), the age of presentation was less than 1 year. In 9/21 the tumor was multiple (42.8%), lodged in the ventricle right in 2/21 (9.5%), in the ventricle left 3 (14.2%), 8 in the septum interventricular (38%) and 4 compromised the auriculas. They were classified like rabdomiomas 14 (66%), 5 associates with sclerosis tuberosa, 4 mixomas (19%), 2 fibromas (9.5%) and 1 rabdomiosarcoma (4.7%). In five patients the diagnosis was prenatal. The global mortality went of 9.5%. The echocardiograpy is a good diagnosis method in our series the rabdomioma occupied the first place in frequency.

Anatomy of the underground system in Vernonia grandiflora Less. and V. brevifolia Less. (Asteraceae

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Adriana Hissae Hayashi

2007-11-01

Full Text Available This work dealt with the anatomy of the underground system in Vernonia grandiflora Less. and V. brevifolia Less. (Vernonieae; Asteraceae, two perennial geophytes, to elucidate their ability to sprout in the Brazilian Cerrado conditions. V. grandiflora, a subshrubby species, possessed a thickened underground system constituted by a xylopodium and many tuberous roots. The xylopodium had stem and root structure and its buds were axillary or originated from the cortical parenchyma proliferation. The tuberous roots produced by this organ were adventitious and accumulated inulin-type fructans mainly in the cortical parenchyma. The thickened underground system of V. brevifolia, an herbaceous species, was a tuberous primary root whose buds originated from the proliferated pericycle. The occurrence of these bud-forming underground systems, which stored reserve compounds, enabled these plants to survive throughout unfavourable environmental conditions in the Cerrado, such as dry season and frequent fires in the winter.Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a anatomia dos sistemas subterrâneos de Vernonia grandiflora Less. e V. brevifolia Less. (Vernonieae; Asteraceae, duas geófitas perenes, a fim de esclarecer sua capacidade para brotar em condições de Cerrado. O sistema subterrâneo espessado de V. grandiflora, uma espécie subarbustiva, é constituído pelo xilopódio e por várias raízes tuberosas. O xilopódio possui estrutura mista (radicular e caulinar e suas gemas são de origem axilar ou se originam a partir da proliferação do parênquima cortical. As raízes tuberosas produzidas por este órgão são adventícias e acumulam frutanos do tipo inulina, principalmente no parênquima cortical. Em V. brevifolia, uma espécie herbácea, o sistema subterrâneo espessado é constituído pela raiz primária cujas gemas são originadas a partir do periciclo proliferado. A ocorrência destes sistemas subterrâneos gemíferos, que armazenam compostos

The association between chromaticity, phenolics, carotenoids, and in vitro antioxidant activity of frozen fruit pulp in Brazil: an application of chemometrics.

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Zielinski, Acácio Antonio Ferreira; Ávila, Suelen; Ito, Vivian; Nogueira, Alessandro; Wosiacki, Gilvan; Haminiuk, Charles Windson Isidoro

2014-04-01

A total of 19 Brazilian frozen pulps from the following fruits: açai (Euterpe oleracea), blackberry (Rubus sp.), cajá (Spondias mombin), cashew (Anacardium occidentale), cocoa (Theobroma cacao), coconut (Cocos nucifera), grape (Vitis sp.), graviola (Annona muricata), guava (Psidium guajava), papaya (Carica papaya), peach (Prunus persica), pineapple (Ananas comosus), pineapple and mint (A. comosus and Mentha spicata), red fruits (Rubus sp. and Fragaria sp.), seriguela (Spondias purpurea), strawberry (Fragaria sp.), tamarind (Tamarindus indica), umbu (Spondias tuberosa), and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) were analyzed in terms of chromaticity, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and in vitro antioxidant activity using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Data were processed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH and FRAP assays, which showed significant (P antioxidant activity. © 2014 Institute of Food Technologists®

Ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants of Slovakia

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Łukasz Łuczaj

2012-11-01

Full Text Available This paper is an ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants gathered for consumption from the 19th century to the present day, within the present borders of Slovakia. Twenty-four sources (mainly ethnographic documenting the culinary use of wild plants were analysed. The use of 106 species (over 3% of the Slovak flora has been recorded. Nowadays most of them are no longer used, or used rarely, apart from a few species of wild fruits. The most frequently used plants include the fruits of Rubus idaeus, Fragaria spp., Rubus subgenus Rubus, Vaccinium myrtillus, V. vitis-idaea, Fagus sylvatica, Corylus avellana, Prunus spinosa, Pyrus spp., Malus spp., Crataegus spp. and the leaves of Urtica dioica, Rumex acetosa, Chenopodiaceae species, Cardamine amara, Glechoma spp., Taraxacum spp. and Oxalis acetosella. The most commonly used wild food taxa are nearly identical to those used in Poland, and the same negative association of wild vegetables with famine exists in Slovakia, resulting in their near complete disappearance from the present-day diet.

REGISTRO DA COCHONILHA-ROSADA-DO-HIBISCO INFESTANDO FRUTÍFERAS EM MACEIÓ, ALAGOAS, BRASIL

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SÔNIA MARIA FORTI BROGLIO

2015-01-01

Full Text Available This study reported for the first time the occurrence of the pink hibiscus mealybug Maconelli-coccus hirsutus (Green, 1908 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil attacking the following fruit species: soursop (Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae, guava (Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae, mango (Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae, carambola (Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae, acerola (Malpighia glaba L. (Malpighiaceae, cajazeiro (Spondias lutea L. (Anacardiaceae and cupuaçuzeiro (Theobroma gran-diflorum (Willd. ex Spreng. Schum. (Malvaceae. The percentages of injured plants were recorded for each plant species in the field. Damaged plants showed short internodes, wrinkled leaves, fruit deformation, and sooty mold developed on the honeydew excreted by the mealybugs. Infested plant structures were taken to the Laboratory of Entomology of the Center for Agricultural Sciences, of the Federal University of Alagoas, where the mealybug species was identified through morphological characteristics. The following injury percentages were recorded on the plants: soursop (100%, guava (10%, mango (10%, carambola (100%, acerola (100%, cajá (50% and cupuaçu (100%. The mealybug collected in Maceió, AL; Brazil was identified as Maconelli-coccus hirsutus (Green, 1908 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae. It was the first record of this species in the state of Alagoas and infestation by pink hibiscus mealybug on the host plants mango, acerola and cajazeiro in Brazil.

Neurotoxicity following the Ingestion of Bilimbi Fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi) in an End-Stage Renal Disease Patient on Hemodialysis.

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Caetano, Camille Pereira; de Sá, Cinara Barros; Faleiros, Bruno Antônio Paixão; Gomes, Marcelo Fonseca Coutinho Fernandes; Pereira, Edna Regina Silva

2017-01-01

The toxic effects of the ingestion of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) in chronic kidney disease patients are well described in the literature. Recently, the compound caramboxin has been isolated, explaining the mechanisms of its neurotoxicity. Bilimbi fruit belongs to the family Oxalidaceae, Averrhoa bilimbi species, and exhibits similar biochemical characteristics to star fruit. To report the case of a patient with chronic kidney disease who developed a seizure disorder after the ingestion of bilimbi fruit. A 69-year-old man with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis therapy had intractable hiccups, myoclonus, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures after the consumption of a moderate amount of bilimbi fruit. The electroencephalogram showed a pattern of seizure disorder despite the use of anticonvulsant drugs. Renal replacement therapy was maintained during the whole period and prescribed according to the patient's hemodynamic status. Despite showing clinical resolution of the seizure disorder, the patient died on the 27th day of hospitalization for infectious complications. The neurologic status without any other known cause and with clear temporal association with the ingestion of the fruit suggests the diagnosis of neurotoxicity. We propose the hypothesis that the bilimbi fruit has neurotoxic effects similar to those exhibited by the star fruit.

Evaluation of radio protective activity of Averrhoa carambola leaves extract in Wistar rats

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kavitha, K.R.

2012-01-01

Averrhoa carambola (oxalidaceae) also known as a star fruit, is cultivated extensively in India for its edible fruits. In India the ripe fruit or the juice may be taken to counteract fever. The crushed leaves or shoots are applied externally in the treatment of chickenpox, ringworm, tinia, cold and head ache. A mixture of leaves and fruits can be used to arrest vomiting and to treat fever. The present study was designed to investigate the A.carambola leaves ethanolic extract for radio protective activity. Male wistar rats were divided into 3 groups; Control, post-radiation group and preradiation group. Ethanolic extract 500 mg/kg for 15 days. Each group contained six rats. The parameters studied are haematological studies, to study the radio protective effect before and after radiation, analysis of DNA damage in control and experimental groups, assessment of nephritic damage by histopathology. All the animals were observed for 15 days for any sign of radiation sickness, morbidity, behavioural toxicity, urination and defection pattern or mortality, which showed no changes. Observation revealed that all the above conditions were normal. This study has not shown any hazardous effects on the animals and hence might be said to have radio protective effect, which will be discussed during the presentation. (author)

Lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-mediated hypoglycaemia and its influence on apoptosis-regulatory protein expression in the injured kidneys of streptozotocin-induced mice.

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Wen, Qingwei; Liang, Tao; Qin, Feizhang; Wei, Jinbin; He, Qiaoling; Luo, Xiu; Chen, Xiaoyu; Zheng, Ni; Huang, Renbin

2013-01-01

Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) root (ACLR) has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine for treating diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN). (±)-Lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (LGP1, LGP2) were two chiral lignan glucosides that were isolated from the ACLR. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of LGP1 and LGP2-mediated hypoglycaemia on renal injury in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. STZ-induced diabetic mice were administrated LGP1 and LGP2 orally (20, 40, 80 mg/kg body weight/d) for 14 days. Hyperglycaemia and the expression of related proteins such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), caspase-3, -8, -9, and Bcl-associated X protein (Bax) were markedly decreased by LGP1 treatment. However, LGP2 treatment had no hypoglycaemic activity. Diabetes-dependent alterations in the kidney such as glomerular hypertrophy, excessive extracellular matrix amassing, and glomerular and tubular basement membrane thickening were improved after 14 days of LGP1 treatment. B cell lymphoma Leukaemia-2 (Bcl-2) expression was reduced in the STZ-induced diabetic mouse kidneys but was enhanced by LGP1 treatment. These findings suggest that LGP1 treatment may inhibit diabetic nephropathy progression and may regulate several pharmacological targets for treating or preventing diabetic nephropathy.

AVALIAÇÃO DO ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE DEZ ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS OCORRENTES NO SEMI-ÁRIDO PARAIBANO

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Maria Lúcia Dantas de Medeiros

2008-01-01

Full Text Available The goal of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional state of ten arboreal plants occurring at Paraíba's Semi-Árido aiming to contribute to the nutritional diagnosis of Caatinga's species, advice on soil fertilization and the resulting betterment of environmental quality in those areas. To this end, leaves and twigs samples of the species angico(Piptadenia macrocarpa Benth, aroeira (Astronium urundeuva Engl, umbueiro (Spondias tuberosa Arruda mofumbo(Combretum leprosum Mart., pereiro (Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart, pau d' arco (Tabebuia serratifolia Nichols., marmeleiro (Croton sonderianus Mull. Arg., craibeira (Tabebuia caraiba Mart. Burt., tamboril (Enterolobium contortisiqua Mart. and umburana (Torresia cearensis were taken for the essaying of these species nutritional state. The collected material was firstly dried and grinded to determine the levels of macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and micronutrients, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn. The results evinced that the evaluated species showed comparable levels of macro andmicronutrients, when confronted with the nutritional diagnosis of other arboreal species.

Effects of in situ climate warming on monarch caterpillar (Danaus plexippus development

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Nathan P. Lemoine

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Climate warming will fundamentally alter basic life history strategies of many ectothermic insects. In the lab, rising temperatures increase growth rates of lepidopteran larvae but also reduce final pupal mass and increase mortality. Using in situ field warming experiments on their natural host plants, we assessed the impact of climate warming on development of monarch (Danaus plexippus larvae. Monarchs were reared on Asclepias tuberosa grown under ‘Ambient’ and ‘Warmed’ conditions. We quantified time to pupation, final pupal mass, and survivorship. Warming significantly decreased time to pupation, such that an increase of 1 °C corresponded to a 0.5 day decrease in pupation time. In contrast, survivorship and pupal mass were not affected by warming. Our results indicate that climate warming will speed the developmental rate of monarchs, influencing their ecological and evolutionary dynamics. However, the effects of climate warming on larval development in other monarch populations and at different times of year should be investigated.

Materiales compuestos biodegradables con usos agronómicos a partir de raíces tuberosas

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Versino, Florencia

2017-01-01

Los materiales poliméricos abarcan un amplio abanico de compuestos tanto naturales (proteínas, almidones, etc.) como sintéticos (polietilenos, poliuretanos, resinas epoxy, etc.) cuya versatilidad y fácil procesamiento los ha vuelto adecuados para un gran número de aplicaciones industriales. A raíz de la creciente necesidad de mitigar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, reducir la acumulación de residuos sólidos y disminuir el consumo de recursos no renovables, el interés en el desar...

Sistemas de preparo do solo, plantas de cobertura e produtividade da cultura da mandioca Soil tillage systems, cover crops and productivity in cassava

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Auro Akio Otsubo

2008-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do uso de plantas de cobertura e de sistemas de preparo do solo, no desenvolvimento e na produtividade da cultura da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz. O trabalho foi conduzido em Argissolo Vermelho, sob sistema convencional de preparo do solo, e em cultivo mínimo sobre palhada de mucuna-cinza (Stizolobium cinereum Piper & Tracy, sorgo granífero [Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench] e milheto [Pennisetum americanum (L. K. Schum.]. Aos dezoito meses após o plantio da mandioca, foram avaliados: altura de plantas, produção de massa de matéria seca da parte aérea, número de raízes tuberosas, produtividade, percentagem de matéria seca e de amido nas raízes tuberosas e índice de colheita. Observou-se que o sistema convencional de preparo do solo pode ser substituído, na cultura da mandioca, pela prática do cultivo mínimo, associada ao uso de coberturas vegetais, por promover incrementos significativos na produtividade da cultura, especialmente, quando se utiliza o milheto como planta de cobertura. O uso de plantas de cobertura no pré-cultivo de mandioca, em sistema de preparo mínimo do solo, representa uma alternativa eficiente para um melhor manejo dessa cultura.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of cover crops and soil tillage systems in the development and yield of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz. The experiment was carried out in an Arenic Hapludult under conventional tillage, and in a minimum tillage system over mucuna (Stizolobium cinereum Piper & Tracy, sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench] and millet straw [Pennisetum americanum (L. K. Schum.]. Eighteen months after cassava planting, the following variables were evaluated: plant height, shoot dry matter production, number of roots, yield, dry matter and starch content on storage roots, and harvest index. It was observed that conventional tillage could be replaced by minimum tillage in cassava crop, when associated

Cerambycidae (Coleoptera coletados à luz a 45 metros de altura, no dossel da floresta amazônica, e a descrição de quatro espécies novas Cerambycidae (Coleoptera collected with light trap at 45 meters height over an Amazon forest canopy and the description of four new species

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Ubirajara R. Martins

2006-01-01

Full Text Available É apresentada uma relação das 69 espécies de Cerambycidae coletados a 45 m numa torre metálica de 50 m que ultrapassa a maioria das copas das árvores, num platô de terra firme, na bacia do Rio Cueiras, Estação Experimental de Silvicultura Tropical, km 14 do núcleo ZF-2 em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas de janeiro a dezembro de 2004, durante três noites de transição lunar minguante/nova de cada mês, das 18 às 6 horas. Os insetos foram capturados em um lençol iluminado com lâmpada de 250 watts, luz mista de vapor de mecúrio e lâmpada de 20 watts BLB. Foram coletados Prioninae (12 espécies, Disteniinae (uma espécie, Cerambycinae (27 espécies e Lamiinae (29 espécies. Novas espécies descritas: Physopleurus rafaeli, sp. nov. (Prioninae, Macrotomini; Oncideres tuberosa sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Onciderini, Plistonax rafaeli sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Acanthoderini e Hemiloapis mena sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Hemilophini. São apresentadas notas em Oncideres phaetusa Dillon & Dillon, 1946, chave que modifica aquela para as espécies de Physopleurus Lacordaire, 1869 e chave para as espécies de Hemiloapis Galileo & Martins, 2004.A list of 69 species of Cerambycidae collected at 45 m height in a metallic tower of 50 m height, in a "platô de terra firme", in the Cueiras River basin, "Estação Experimental de Silvicultura Tropical, km 14 do núcleo ZF-2" in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The collections were carried out monthly from January to December of 2004, during three nights of lunar transition third quarter monn/new moon from 18 p.m. to 6 a.m. The insects were collected over a vertical white sheet illuminated by a 250 watts mixed light and a 20 watts black-light (BLB lamps. Were collected Prioninae (12 species, Disteniidae (one species, Cerambycinae (27 species and Lamiinae (29 species. New species described: Physopleurus rafaeli, sp. nov. (Prioninae, Macrotomini; Oncideres tuberosa sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Onciderini

An appraisal of ecological distribution of herbaceous flora at changa manga park lahore, pakistan

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Ahmad, S.S.; Erum, S.; Khan, S.M.

2014-01-01

The forest ground flora plays a vital role in cycling of nutrients, habitat preservation and rejuvenation of shrubs. The vegetation consociated with the forest plays a vital role in the protection, function of the forest ecosystem. Effective management of forest vegetation serves the forest ecosystem in assaying the balance of harmful effects of vying vegetation. Relationship of ecology between environment and vegetation and their ordination techniques and classification methods has become vital means in the research field vegetation ecology. Classification depends on the abundances of ground vegetation species. Multivariate technique is an important technique in ecology and biology for the group prediction. Classification of different plant communities had been accomplished by carrying out TWINSPAN analysis using PC-ORD. The results were shown in a two-way cluster dendrogram. A dendrogram is a hierarchical representation of species in graphical form. The encompassing survey has been conducted in the Changa Manga Forest (CMF) which resulted in the identification of the 45 species belonging to 24 families from all over the forest area. The TWINSPAN results of CMF ascertained the following dominant species in all of the four zones, Cynadon dactylon, Malvestrum cormendalianum, Oxalis corniculata, Parthenium hysterophorus, Desmostachya bipinnata. (author)

Structure and Composition of Old-Growth and Unmanaged Second-Growth Riparian Forests at Redwood National Park, USA

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Christopher R. Keyes

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Restoration of second-growth riparian stands has become an important issue for managers of redwood (Sequoia sempervirens [D. Don] Endl. forest reserves. Identifying differences between old-growth and second-growth forest vegetation is a necessary step in evaluating restoration needs and targets. The objective of this study was to characterize and contrast vegetation structure and composition in old-growth and unmanaged second-growth riparian forests in adjacent, geomorphologically similar watersheds at Redwood National Park. In the old-growth, redwood was the dominant overstory species in terms of stem density, basal area, and importance values. Second-growth was dominated by red alder (Alnus rubra Bong., Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirbel] Franco, and redwood. Understory species were similar in both forests, with several key differences: Oxalis oregana Nutt. and Trillium ovatum Pursh had greater importance values in the old-growth, and Vaccinium parvifolium Sm., Dryopteris spp. and sedges Carex spp. had greater importance values in the second-growth. Notable differences in structure and composition suggest that restoration practices such as thinning could expedite the acquisition of old-growth characteristics in second-growth riparian forests.

MISCELLANEOUS BOTANICAL NOTES—IV*

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C. G. G. J. VAN STEENIS

2015-11-01

Full Text Available 1. In connection with the first record from Malaysia (Atjeh, North Sumatra of a species of Schoepfia (Olacaceae, viz. S. fragrans Wall, in Roxb., some notes on the genus are given, including a key to the species of section Schoepfiopsis (emended and to the two Indian species of Schoepfia. The specimens of the Kew and Leyden Herbaria of these two species are listed. The name Schoepfia ffriffithii Tiegh. is validly published in the present paper, if this was not done before. 2. Smilax pygmaea Merr. (Liliaceae is recorded from Atjeh, Sumatra. 3. The first indigenous species of Mivmlus (Scrophulariaceae, M. tenellus Bunge, is recorded for Malaysia from Atjeh, Sumatra. 4. A new species of Macadamia (Proteaceae is described from Celebes: Maca- damia hildebrandii Van Steenis. It belongs to the same genus as the common Australian bush nut, M. ternifolia, with edible seeds. 5. Some information, additional to a previous paper on Biophytum (Oxalidaceae in Malaysia, is given. • 6. Some records of plants new to Mount Pangrango, West Java, are mentioned. 7. The recent introduction and the present distribution in Malaysia of the weed Eupatorium odoratum L. (Compositae is discussed. 8. Some additional records of the liana Hollrungia aurantioides K. Schum. (Passifloraceae from New Guinea and from outside this island (Ternate, Moluccas are published.

Chemical constituents and evaluation of the toxic and antioxidant activities of Averrhoa carambola leaves

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Henrique H. Moresco

2012-04-01

Full Text Available The liquid-liquid partitioning of a crude hydroalcoholic extract of Averrhoa carambola L., Oxalidaceae, leaves led to the isolation of a sterol and three flavone C-glycosides. From the n-hexane fraction β-sitosterol was isolated and from the ethyl acetate fraction apigenin-6-C-β-L-fucopyranoside (1 and apigenin6-C-(2"-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-L-fucopyranoside (2 were obtained. Apigenin6-C-(2"-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (3 was isolated from the n-butanol fraction. Compound 3 is new, while 1 and 2 have been previously isolated from A. carambola. The antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH radical scavenging assay and reducing power of iron (III to iron (II ions. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed the most antioxidant activity. As evaluated by ability of the sample to scavenge DPPH the IC50 values were 90.92 and 124.48 µg/ mL, respectively. In the assay of reducing power these fractions presented 135.64 and 125.12 of ascorbic acid equivalents, respectively. The antioxidant activity exhibited a significant relationship with the phenolic content (r² = 0.997, but a poor relationship with the flavonoids content (r² = 0.424. The n-hexane fraction was the only fraction to present good toxicity using A. salina with LC50 800.2 µg/mL.

Chemical constituents and evaluation of the toxic and antioxidant activities of Averrhoa carambola leaves

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Henrique H. Moresco

2011-11-01

Full Text Available The liquid-liquid partitioning of a crude hydroalcoholic extract of Averrhoa carambola L., Oxalidaceae, leaves led to the isolation of a sterol and three flavone C-glycosides. From the n-hexane fraction β-sitosterol was isolated and from the ethyl acetate fraction apigenin-6-C-β-L-fucopyranoside (1 and apigenin6-C-(2"-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-L-fucopyranoside (2 were obtained. Apigenin6-C-(2"-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (3 was isolated from the n-butanol fraction. Compound 3 is new, while 1 and 2 have been previously isolated from A. carambola. The antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH radical scavenging assay and reducing power of iron (III to iron (II ions. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed the most antioxidant activity. As evaluated by ability of the sample to scavenge DPPH the IC50 values were 90.92 and 124.48 µg/ mL, respectively. In the assay of reducing power these fractions presented 135.64 and 125.12 of ascorbic acid equivalents, respectively. The antioxidant activity exhibited a significant relationship with the phenolic content (r² = 0.997, but a poor relationship with the flavonoids content (r² = 0.424. The n-hexane fraction was the only fraction to present good toxicity using A. salina with LC50 800.2 µg/mL.

Lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-mediated hypoglycaemia and its influence on apoptosis-regulatory protein expression in the injured kidneys of streptozotocin-induced mice.

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Qingwei Wen

Full Text Available Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae root (ACLR has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine for treating diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN. (±-Lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (LGP1, LGP2 were two chiral lignan glucosides that were isolated from the ACLR. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of LGP1 and LGP2-mediated hypoglycaemia on renal injury in streptozotocin (STZ-induced diabetic mice. STZ-induced diabetic mice were administrated LGP1 and LGP2 orally (20, 40, 80 mg/kg body weight/d for 14 days. Hyperglycaemia and the expression of related proteins such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB, caspase-3, -8, -9, and Bcl-associated X protein (Bax were markedly decreased by LGP1 treatment. However, LGP2 treatment had no hypoglycaemic activity. Diabetes-dependent alterations in the kidney such as glomerular hypertrophy, excessive extracellular matrix amassing, and glomerular and tubular basement membrane thickening were improved after 14 days of LGP1 treatment. B cell lymphoma Leukaemia-2 (Bcl-2 expression was reduced in the STZ-induced diabetic mouse kidneys but was enhanced by LGP1 treatment. These findings suggest that LGP1 treatment may inhibit diabetic nephropathy progression and may regulate several pharmacological targets for treating or preventing diabetic nephropathy.

Assessment of heavy metals in Averrhoa bilimbi and A. carambola fruit samples at two developmental stages.

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Soumya, S L; Nair, Bindu R

2016-05-01

Though the fruits of Averrhoa bilimbi and A. carambola are economically and medicinally important, they remain underutilized. The present study reports heavy metal quantitation in the fruit samples of A. bilimbi and A. carambola (Oxalidaceae), collected at two stages of maturity. Heavy metals are known to interfere with the functioning of vital cellular components. Although toxic, some elements are considered essential for human health, in trace quantities. Heavy metals such as Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Pb, and Cd were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The samples under investigation included, A. bilimbi unripe (BU) and ripe (BR), A. carambola sour unripe (CSU) and ripe (CSR), and A. carambola sweet unripe (CTU) and ripe (CTR). Heavy metal analysis showed that relatively higher level of heavy metals was present in BR samples compared to the rest of the samples. The highest amount of As and Se were recorded in BU samples while Mn content was highest in CSU samples and Co in CSR. Least amounts of Cr, Zn, Se, Cd, and Pb were noted in CTU while, Mn, Cu, and As were least in CTR. Thus, the sweet types of A. carambola (CTU, CTR) had comparatively lower heavy metal content. There appears to be no reason for concern since different fruit samples of Averrhoa studied presently showed the presence of various heavy metals in trace quantities.

Efeito do extrato bruto hidroalcoólico e de frações de folhas da Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae no metabolismo glicêmico de ratos Wistar = Effect of Hydroalcoholic extract and fractions of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae leaves on the glycemic metabolism of Wistar rats

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Marilene Provasi

2005-01-01

Full Text Available As folhas de carambola (Averrhoa carambola L. são utilizadas na fabricação do fitoterápico Glico-Vitae., indicado no tratamento do diabetes melittus tipo 2. Em nossos estudos, ratos machos Wistar que receberam, por via intragástrica, o extrato bruto liofilizado (EC e as frações de EC (20 mg/kg, durante duas semanas, apresentaram redução da glicemia. Mas, diferentemente da insulina, o EC e suas frações não estimularam a síntese de glicogênio e a produção de lactato em músculo sóleo isolado. Da fração mais ativa, empregando métodos espectroscópicos de EM, RMN1H e RMN13C, foram isoladas trêsfrações semipurificadas majoritárias e, por comparação com os dados da literatura, foram identificadas como misturas complexas de açúcares.Carambola (Averrhoa carambola L. leaves have been used for the production of Glico-Vitae., a phytotherapic medicine indicated for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Male Wistar rats, which received intragastric administration of the liophyliled extract (EC and fractions of EC (20 mg/kg during 2 weeks, showed decreased (p < 0.05 blood glucose levels. However, in contrast to insulin, EC and its fractions neither increased the glycogen synthesis or thelactate production in isolated soleus muscle. In addition, by using spectroscopic methods (MS, NMR1H and NMR13C a mixture of complex sugars were obtained from the fraction with the highest activity.

Recovering the Genetic Identity of an Extinct-in-the-Wild Species: The Puzzling Case of the Alagoas Curassow.

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Costa, Mariellen C; Oliveira, Paulo R R; Davanço, Paulo V; Camargo, Crisley de; Laganaro, Natasha M; Azeredo, Roberto A; Simpson, James; Silveira, Luis F; Francisco, Mercival R

2017-01-01

The conservation of many endangered taxa relies on hybrid identification, and when hybrids become morphologically indistinguishable from the parental species, the use of molecular markers can assign individual admixture levels. Here, we present the puzzling case of the extinct in the wild Alagoas Curassow (Pauxi mitu), whose captive population descends from only three individuals. Hybridization with the Razor-billed Curassow (P. tuberosa) began more than eight generations ago, and admixture uncertainty affects the whole population. We applied an analysis framework that combined morphological diagnostic traits, Bayesian clustering analyses using 14 microsatellite loci, and mtDNA haplotypes to assess the ancestry of all individuals that were alive from 2008 to 2012. Simulated data revealed that our microsatellites could accurately assign an individual a hybrid origin until the second backcross generation, which permitted us to identify a pure group among the older, but still reproductive animals. No wild species has ever survived such a severe bottleneck, followed by hybridization, and studying the recovery capability of the selected pure Alagoas Curassow group might provide valuable insights into biological conservation theory.

Recovering the Genetic Identity of an Extinct-in-the-Wild Species: The Puzzling Case of the Alagoas Curassow.

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Mariellen C Costa

Full Text Available The conservation of many endangered taxa relies on hybrid identification, and when hybrids become morphologically indistinguishable from the parental species, the use of molecular markers can assign individual admixture levels. Here, we present the puzzling case of the extinct in the wild Alagoas Curassow (Pauxi mitu, whose captive population descends from only three individuals. Hybridization with the Razor-billed Curassow (P. tuberosa began more than eight generations ago, and admixture uncertainty affects the whole population. We applied an analysis framework that combined morphological diagnostic traits, Bayesian clustering analyses using 14 microsatellite loci, and mtDNA haplotypes to assess the ancestry of all individuals that were alive from 2008 to 2012. Simulated data revealed that our microsatellites could accurately assign an individual a hybrid origin until the second backcross generation, which permitted us to identify a pure group among the older, but still reproductive animals. No wild species has ever survived such a severe bottleneck, followed by hybridization, and studying the recovery capability of the selected pure Alagoas Curassow group might provide valuable insights into biological conservation theory.

Hymenopteran parasitoids associated with frugivorous larvae in a Brazilian caatinga-cerrado ecotone.

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De Souza, A R; Lopes-Mielezrski, G N; Lopes, E N; Querino, R B; Corsato, C D A; Giustolin, T A; Zucchi, R A

2012-04-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate native species of parasitoids of frugivorous larvae and their associations with host plants in commercial guava orchards and in typical native dry forests of a caatinga-cerrado ecotone in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Nine species of parasitoids were associated with larvae of Anastrepha (Tephritidae) and Neosilba (Lonchaeidae) in fruit of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. (Rhamnaceae), Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae), Spondias dulcis Forst. (Anacardiaceae), Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae), and Randia armata (Sw.) DC. (Rubiaceae). Doryctobracon areolatus was the most abundant species, obtained from puparia of Anastrepha zenildae, An. sororcula, An. fraterculus, An. obliqua, and An. turpiniae. This is the first report of Asobara obliqua in Brazil and of As. anastrephae and Tropideucoila weldi in dry forests of Minas Gerais State. The number of species of parasitoids was higher in areas with greater diversity of cultivated species and lower pesticide use. The forest fragments adjacent to the orchards served as shelter for parasitoids of frugivorous larvae.

Additions to the flora of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain

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Verloove, F.

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Additions to the flora of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain.- Recent fieldwork in Tenerife, especially in September 2010, yielded several interesting new records of non-native vascular plants. Bothriochloa ischaemum var. songarica, “Asian” Cardamine flexuosa, Cestrum parqui, Digitaria violascens, Ficus lyrata, Ficus rubiginosa, Hoffmannseggia glauca, Hyparrhenia rufa subsp. altissima, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Merremia tuberosa, Passiflora morifolia, Phytolacca dioica, Schefflera actinophylla and Solanum abutiloides are reported for the first time from the Canary Islands, while Eragrostis barrelieri var. pygmaea, Ficus microcarpa, Ipomoea purpurea, Leucaena leucocephala subsp. glabrata, Sechium edule, Tradescantia zebrina and Turnera ulmifolia are new to the flora of the island of Tenerife. New records of Acacia cyclops, Atriplex suberecta, Heliotropium curassavicum, Paspalum dilatatum, P. notatum, Pluchea ovalis, Pulicaria paludosa, Sclerophylax spinescens and Solanum villosum subsp. miniatum confirm their recent expansion on the island of Tenerife. New records are provided for the recently described Sporobolus copei . Finally, Paspalum vaginatum (hitherto possibly confused with P. distichum and Potentilla indica are confirmed from the island of Tenerife.

Adiciones para la flora de Tenerife (Islas Canarias, España.- Algunos recientes trabajos de campo en Tenerife, especialmente en Septiembre de 2010, trajeron consigo varias nuevas e interesantes adiciones de plantas vasculares no autóctonas. Bothriochloa ischaemum var. songarica, Cardamine flexuosa “Asiática”, Cestrum parqui, Digitaria violascens, Ficus lyrata, Ficus rubiginosa, Hoffmannseggia glauca, Hyparrhenia rufa subsp. altissima, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Merremia tuberosa, Passiflora morifolia, Phytolacca dioica, Schefflera actinophylla y