WorldWideScience

Sample records for online filter zur

  1. Internet Filtering Technology and Aversive Online Experiences in Adolescents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Przybylski, Andrew K; Nash, Victoria

    2017-05-01

    To evaluate the effectiveness of Internet filtering tools designed to shield adolescents from aversive experiences online. A total of 1030 in-home interviews were conducted with early adolescents aged from 12 to 15 years (M = 13.50, SD = 1.18) and their caregivers. Caregivers were asked about their use of Internet filtering and adolescent participants were interviewed about their recent online experiences. Contrary to our hypotheses, policy, and industry advice regarding the assumed benefits of filtering we found convincing evidence that Internet filters were not effective at shielding early adolescents from aversive online experiences. Preregistered prospective and randomised controlled trials are needed to determine the extent to which Internet filtering technology supports vs thwarts young people online and if their widespread use justifies their financial and informational costs. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. Rheological online determination of the organic dry substance concentration of sewage sludge; Rheologische online Bestimmung des oTS-Gehalts von Klaerschlamm

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schmitz, P.; Boehm, A.; Fessler, J.; Liebelt, U. [BASF AG, Ludwigshafen am Rhein (Germany); Traegner, U. [Fachhochschule fuer Technik, Mannheim (Germany)

    1999-07-01

    In order to adjust the filter cake to a certain calorific value and to enhance the dehydratability of sludge, ash, carbon and flocculation agents are added to the latter prior to filtration. Dosage of the additives depends on the sludge's content of organic solids, determined in the form of the so-called organic dry substance concentration. In bench-scale and technical-scale experiments on the rheological properties of sewage sludge, a correlation between organic dry substance concentration and rheological properties, especially the liquid limit of sewage sludge, was established. This knowledge was used to develop a measuring technique for online determination of organic dry substance concentration by means of rheology. (orig.) [German] Zur Einstellung eines bestimmten Heizwertes des Filterkuchens und zur Verbesserung der Entwaesserbarkeit werden dem Schlamm vor der Filtration Asche, Kohle und Flockungsmittel zugegeben. Die Dosierung der Zuschlagsstoffe erfolgt in Abhaengigkeit vom Gehalt des Schlamms an organischem Feststoff, bestimmt in Form der sog. oTS-Konzentration. In Labor- und Betriebsversuchen zum rheologischen Verhalten von Klaerschlamm konnte eine Korrelation zwischen der oTS-Konzentration und den Fliesseigenschaften, insbesondere der Fliessgrenze von Klaerschlamm ermittelt werden. Diese Erkenntnis wurde in ein Messverfahren zur online-Bestimmung der oTS-Konzentration mittels Rheologie umgesetzt. (orig.)

  3. Visual object tracking by correlation filters and online learning

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Xin; Xia, Gui-Song; Lu, Qikai; Shen, Weiming; Zhang, Liangpei

    2018-06-01

    Due to the complexity of background scenarios and the variation of target appearance, it is difficult to achieve high accuracy and fast speed for object tracking. Currently, correlation filters based trackers (CFTs) show promising performance in object tracking. The CFTs estimate the target's position by correlation filters with different kinds of features. However, most of CFTs can hardly re-detect the target in the case of long-term tracking drifts. In this paper, a feature integration object tracker named correlation filters and online learning (CFOL) is proposed. CFOL estimates the target's position and its corresponding correlation score using the same discriminative correlation filter with multi-features. To reduce tracking drifts, a new sampling and updating strategy for online learning is proposed. Experiments conducted on 51 image sequences demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is superior to the state-of-the-art approaches.

  4. Anleitung zur Gründung und Pflege von Online-Netzwerken

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicola Döring

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available Internet-Nutzung ist in der weiblichen Bevölkerung geringer verbreitet als in der männlichen (Internet Gender Gap. Hinzu kommen geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in Umfang und Art der Internet-Aneignung (Gendered Digital Inequalities. Eine Reihe von Initiativen bemüht sich darum, Mädchen und Frauen den Internet-Zugang zu erleichtern und ihre Internet-Kompetenz zu steigern (z. B. www.frauen-ans-netz.de. Der vorliegende Praxisleitfaden geht einen Schritt weiter und möchte nicht nur zur Internet-Nutzung, sondern zur aktiven Internet-Gestaltung anregen im Sinne der Gründung neuer virtueller Mädchen- und Frauennetzwerke. Technologische, ökonomische, soziale, psychologische und geschlechterpolitische Aspekte dieser Netzwerke werden behandelt und an Beispielen illustriert.

  5. Characterization of Zur-dependent genes and direct Zur targets in Yersinia pestis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wang Xiaoyi

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The zinc uptake regulator Zur is a Zn2+-sensing metalloregulatory protein involved in the maintenance of bacterial zinc homeostasis. Up to now, regulation of zinc homeostasis by Zur is poorly understood in Y. pestis. Results We constructed a zur null mutant of Y. pestis biovar microtus strain 201. Microarray expression analysis disclosed a set of 154 Zur-dependent genes of Y. pestis upon exposure to zinc rich condition. Real-time reverse transcription (RT-PCR was subsequently used to validate the microarray data. Based on the 154 Zur-dependent genes, predicted regulatory Zur motifs were used to screen for potential direct Zur targets including three putative operons znuA, znuCB and ykgM-RpmJ2. The LacZ reporter fusion analysis verified that Zur greatly repressed the promoter activity of the above three operons. The subsequent electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA demonstrated that a purified Zur protein was able to bind to the promoter regions of the above three operons. The DNase I footprinting was used to identify the Zur binding sites for the above three operons, verifying the Zur box sequence as predicted previously in γ-Proteobacteria. The primer extension assay was further used to determine the transcription start sites for the above three operons and to localize the -10 and -35 elements. Zur binding sites overlapped the -10 sequence of its target promoters, which was consistent with the previous observation that Zur binding would block the entry of the RNA polymerase to repress the transcription of its target genes. Conclusion Zur as a repressor directly controls the transcription of znuA, znuCB and ykgM-RpmJ2 in Y. pestis by employing a conserved mechanism of Zur-promoter DNA association as observed in γ-Proteobacteria. Zur contributes to zinc homeostasis in Y. pestis likely through transcriptional repression of the high-affinity zinc uptake system ZnuACB and two alternative ribosomal proteins YkgM and RpmJ2.

  6. GA103: A microprogrammable processor for online filtering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Calzas, A.; Danon, G.; Bouquet, B.

    1981-01-01

    GA 103 is a 16 bit microprogrammable processor which emulates the PDP 11 instruction set. It is based on the Am 2900 slices. It allows user-implemented microinstructions and addition of hardwired processors. It will perform on-line filtering tasks in the NA 14 experiment at CERN, based on the reconstruction of transverse momentum of photons detected in a lead glass calorimeter. (orig.)

  7. On-line filtering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Verkerk, C.

    1978-01-01

    Present day electronic detectors used in high energy physics make it possible to obtain high event rates and it is likely that future experiments will face even higher data rates than at present. The complexity of the apparatus increases very rapidly with time and also the criteria for selecting desired events become more and more complex. So complex in fact that the fast trigger system cannot be designed to fully cope with it. The interesting events become thus contaminated with multitudes of uninteresting ones. To distinguish the 'good' events from the often overwhelming background of other events one has to resort to computing techniques. Normally this selection is made in the first part of the analysis of the events, analysis normally performed on a powerful scientific computer. This implies however that many uninteresting or background events have to be recorded during the experiment for subsequent analysis. A number of undesired consequences result; and these constitute a sufficient reason for trying to perform the selection at an earlier stage, in fact ideally before the events are recorded on magnetic tape. This early selection is called 'on-line filtering' and it is the topic of the present lectures. (Auth.)

  8. Online variational Bayesian filtering-based mobile target tracking in wireless sensor networks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Bingpeng; Chen, Qingchun; Li, Tiffany Jing; Xiao, Pei

    2014-11-11

    The received signal strength (RSS)-based online tracking for a mobile node in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is investigated in this paper. Firstly, a multi-layer dynamic Bayesian network (MDBN) is introduced to characterize the target mobility with either directional or undirected movement. In particular, it is proposed to employ the Wishart distribution to approximate the time-varying RSS measurement precision's randomness due to the target movement. It is shown that the proposed MDBN offers a more general analysis model via incorporating the underlying statistical information of both the target movement and observations, which can be utilized to improve the online tracking capability by exploiting the Bayesian statistics. Secondly, based on the MDBN model, a mean-field variational Bayesian filtering (VBF) algorithm is developed to realize the online tracking of a mobile target in the presence of nonlinear observations and time-varying RSS precision, wherein the traditional Bayesian filtering scheme cannot be directly employed. Thirdly, a joint optimization between the real-time velocity and its prior expectation is proposed to enable online velocity tracking in the proposed online tacking scheme. Finally, the associated Bayesian Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (BCRLB) analysis and numerical simulations are conducted. Our analysis unveils that, by exploiting the potential state information via the general MDBN model, the proposed VBF algorithm provides a promising solution to the online tracking of a mobile node in WSNs. In addition, it is shown that the final tracking accuracy linearly scales with its expectation when the RSS measurement precision is time-varying.

  9. Internet filters and entry pages do not protect children from online alcohol marketing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jones, Sandra C; Thom, Jeffrey A; Davoren, Sondra; Barrie, Lance

    2014-02-01

    We review programs and policies to prevent children from accessing alcohol marketing online. To update the literature, we present our recent studies that assess (i) in-built barriers to underage access to alcohol brand websites and (ii) commercial internet filters. Alcohol websites typically had poor filter systems for preventing entry of underage persons; only half of the sites required the user to provide a date of birth, and none had any means of preventing users from trying again. Even the most effective commercial internet filters allowed access to one-third of the sites we examined.

  10. The online data filters for Explorer and Nautilus

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    D'Antonio, S

    2002-01-01

    The basic problem for gravitational wave detectors is to detect very small signals in the presence of noise which is often not Gaussian and not stationary. We cope with this problem by applying data filters, matched to short bursts, based on power spectra obtained online. We describe the new procedure adopted by the Rome group, where the signal-to-noise ratios obtained with various algorithms are compared and the best one is selected. The selected algorithm depends on the noise characteristics at that particular time

  11. Using Collaborative Filtering to Support College Students' Use of Online Forum for English Learning

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Pei-Yu; Yang, Hui-Chun

    2012-01-01

    This study examined the impact of collaborative filtering (the so-called recommender) on college students' use of an online forum for English learning. The forum was created with an open-source software, Drupal, and its extended recommender module. This study was guided by three main questions: 1) Is there any difference in online behaviors…

  12. Freie Lerninhalte im Internet mit Studierenden recherchieren, kommentieren und kompilieren. Zur Gestaltung der online-Selbstlernangebote im hr-Funkkolleg Philosophie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jakob Krebs

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Wie lassen sich online frei verfügbare Bildungsinhalte mit Studierenden so zusammenstellen, dass sie als thematisch sortierte Selbstlernmaterialien unkompliziert gefunden werden können – sei es von anderen Studierenden, interessierten Laien oder auch von Lehrkräften in Bildungsinstitutionen? Der vorliegende Werkstattbericht rekonstruiert ein Lernszenario, in dem Studierende vorhandene Materialien im Internet recherchierten, kommentierten und kompilierten, um ein Online-Zusatzangebot zu den Radiosendungen im hr-Funkkolleg Philosophie 2014/15 zu erstellen. Die Rahmenbedingungen dieser ungewöhnlichen universitären Kooperation mit dem Rundfunk werden im ersten Abschnitt vorgestellt. Der zweite Abschnitt skizziert das didaktische Design zusammen mit dem Projektstrukturplan eines produktorientierten kollaborativen Lernsettings mit Wiki-Einsatz. Im dritten Abschnitt werden der Lernerfolg bei den Studierenden sowie einige Herausforderungen benannt, die u. a. in der Abschlussevaluierung zur Sprache kamen. Der vierte Abschnitt macht die Projekterfahrungen für reguläre Lehr- und Lern-Szenarien fruchtbar, in denen nicht nur Studierende mit didaktischen Interessen durch die gemeinsame Gestaltung von Internetangeboten fachlich und methodisch profitieren können. Mit dem Bericht wird somit u. a. veranschaulicht, wie sich Ansätze von Blended, Peer-Assisted und Service Learning produktiv kombinieren lassen.

  13. Research on a Lamb Wave and Particle Filter-Based On-Line Crack Propagation Prognosis Method

    OpenAIRE

    Chen, Jian; Yuan, Shenfang; Qiu, Lei; Cai, Jian; Yang, Weibo

    2016-01-01

    Prognostics and health management techniques have drawn widespread attention due to their ability to facilitate maintenance activities based on need. On-line prognosis of fatigue crack propagation can offer information for optimizing operation and maintenance strategies in real-time. This paper proposes a Lamb wave-particle filter (LW-PF)-based method for on-line prognosis of fatigue crack propagation which takes advantages of the possibility of on-line monitoring to evaluate the actual crack...

  14. The Atlas Experiment On-Line Monitoring And Filtering As An Example Of Real-Time Application

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    K. Korcyl

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available The ATLAS detector, recording LHC particles’ interactions, produces events with rate of40 MHz and size of 1.6 MB. The processes with new and interesting physics phenomena arevery rare, thus an efficient on-line filtering system (trigger is necessary. The asynchronouspart of that system relays on few thousands of computing nodes running the filtering software.Applying refined filtering criteria results in increase of processing times what may lead tolack of processing resources installed on CERN site. We propose extension to this part ofthe system based on submission of the real-time filtering tasks into the Grid.

  15. New Proposals for the Design of Integrated Online Wine Industry ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    monolingual online wine dictionary commissioned by the Burgundian wine industry, offers vari- ... number of word lists, glossaries, and online wine dictionaries of varying qual- ity. ...... Kopenhagener Beiträge zur Germanistischen Linguistik 25: 5-21. ... graphical Theory with Particular Focus on Learner's Lexicography.

  16. Online Reduction of Artifacts in EEG of Simultaneous EEG-fMRI Using Reference Layer Adaptive Filtering (RLAF).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Steyrl, David; Krausz, Gunther; Koschutnig, Karl; Edlinger, Günter; Müller-Putz, Gernot R

    2018-01-01

    Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allow us to study the active human brain from two perspectives concurrently. Signal processing based artifact reduction techniques are mandatory for this, however, to obtain reasonable EEG quality in simultaneous EEG-fMRI. Current artifact reduction techniques like average artifact subtraction (AAS), typically become less effective when artifact reduction has to be performed on-the-fly. We thus present and evaluate a new technique to improve EEG quality online. This technique adds up with online AAS and combines a prototype EEG-cap for reference recordings of artifacts, with online adaptive filtering and is named reference layer adaptive filtering (RLAF). We found online AAS + RLAF to be highly effective in improving EEG quality. Online AAS + RLAF outperformed online AAS and did so in particular online in terms of the chosen performance metrics, these being specifically alpha rhythm amplitude ratio between closed and opened eyes (3-45% improvement), signal-to-noise-ratio of visual evoked potentials (VEP) (25-63% improvement), and VEPs variability (16-44% improvement). Further, we found that EEG quality after online AAS + RLAF is occasionally even comparable with the offline variant of AAS at a 3T MRI scanner. In conclusion RLAF is a very effective add-on tool to enable high quality EEG in simultaneous EEG-fMRI experiments, even when online artifact reduction is necessary.

  17. Online-Marketing in der Computerbranche: Eine Bestandsaufnahme

    OpenAIRE

    Fritz, Wolfgang; Kerner, Martin; Könnecke, Stefan

    1997-01-01

    In Deutschland ansässige Unternehmen der Computerbranche sehen im Internet das wichtigste Medium für ihr Online-Marketing, mit weitem Vorsprung vor den kommerziellen Online-Diensten T-Online, CompuServe und America Online. Den größten Nutzen ihrer Internet-Präsenz versprechen sich diese Unternehmen für die Präsentation von Neuprodukten, die Erbringung medialer Service- und Hotline-Dienste, die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit (PR) und den direkten Kundenkontakt. Wesentlich zurückhaltender beurteilen sie...

  18. Development of a fluidized-bed method for on-line evaluation of radiotracers in vitro; Entwicklung einer Fliessbettechnik zur Bewertung von Radiopharmaka an Zellkulturen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Noll, T.

    1999-05-01

    This study presents the development of a continuously operating fluidized-bed bioreactor for on-line evaluation of radiotracers in vitro, which combines tissue-like three-dimensional cell cultivation in open porous microcarriers with a technique for on-line radioactivity detection. The long time stability of steady-state permits a large number of experiments using the same culture. All relevant parameters (O{sub 2}, pH, T, etc.) can be adjusted according to the experimental requirements. The flux of the circulating medium can be adapted to the blood flow of the corresponding organism, while the input function of the radiotracer is freely adjustable for simulation of in vivo conditions. Sampling and examination of the immobilized cells care possible at any time. Using this system, the kinetics of 2-[{sup 18}F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) in human glioma cells (86HG39) were studied and it was shown that the dependence of the lumped constant (LC) for FDG on the medium glucose concentration is similar to that obtained in the rat brain. For normoglycemic concentrations the LC was determined to be in the range of 0.7, while in hypoglycemia it increased progressively up to a value of 1.22 at a glucose concentration of 3 mM. The rate constants in the three compartment model were found to be similar to those obtained in vivo using PET; indicating the validity of the system for tracer evaluation. Furthermore the kinetics of both diastereomeric forms of 4-[{sup 18}F]fluoro-proline was investigated and found that both diastereomeres were not metabolized and reached an identical intracellular steady state concentration. The trans-form was transported three times faster than the cis-diastereomere, indicated by the rate constants. (orig.) [German] Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Entwicklung eines kontinuierlich betriebenen Wirbelschichtreaktors zur on-line Bewertung von Radiotracern an Zellkulturen. Der Bioreaktor kombiniert eine gewebeaehnliche, dreidimensionale Zellkultivierung in

  19. On-Line Multi-Damage Scanning Spatial-Wavenumber Filter Based Imaging Method for Aircraft Composite Structure

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yuanqiang Ren

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Structural health monitoring (SHM of aircraft composite structure is helpful to increase reliability and reduce maintenance costs. Due to the great effectiveness in distinguishing particular guided wave modes and identifying the propagation direction, the spatial-wavenumber filter technique has emerged as an interesting SHM topic. In this paper, a new scanning spatial-wavenumber filter (SSWF based imaging method for multiple damages is proposed to conduct on-line monitoring of aircraft composite structures. Firstly, an on-line multi-damage SSWF is established, including the fundamental principle of SSWF for multiple damages based on a linear piezoelectric (PZT sensor array, and a corresponding wavenumber-time imaging mechanism by using the multi-damage scattering signal. Secondly, through combining the on-line multi-damage SSWF and a PZT 2D cross-shaped array, an image-mapping method is proposed to conduct wavenumber synthesis and convert the two wavenumber-time images obtained by the PZT 2D cross-shaped array to an angle-distance image, from which the multiple damages can be directly recognized and located. In the experimental validation, both simulated multi-damage and real multi-damage introduced by repeated impacts are performed on a composite plate structure. The maximum localization error is less than 2 cm, which shows good performance of the multi-damage imaging method. Compared with the existing spatial-wavenumber filter based damage evaluation methods, the proposed method requires no more than the multi-damage scattering signal and can be performed without depending on any wavenumber modeling or measuring. Besides, this method locates multiple damages by imaging instead of the geometric method, which helps to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Thus, it can be easily applied to on-line multi-damage monitoring of aircraft composite structures.

  20. Anleitung zur Gründung und Pflege von Online-Netzwerken Instruction for Creation and Upkeep of Online-Networks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicola Döring

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available Internet-Nutzung ist in der weiblichen Bevölkerung geringer verbreitet als in der männlichen (Internet Gender Gap. Hinzu kommen geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in Umfang und Art der Internet-Aneignung (Gendered Digital Inequalities. Eine Reihe von Initiativen bemüht sich darum, Mädchen und Frauen den Internet-Zugang zu erleichtern und ihre Internet-Kompetenz zu steigern (z. B. www.frauen-ans-netz.de. Der vorliegende Praxisleitfaden geht einen Schritt weiter und möchte nicht nur zur Internet-Nutzung, sondern zur aktiven Internet-Gestaltung anregen im Sinne der Gründung neuer virtueller Mädchen- und Frauennetzwerke. Technologische, ökonomische, soziale, psychologische und geschlechterpolitische Aspekte dieser Netzwerke werden behandelt und an Beispielen illustriert.Internet usage is not as widely distributed among females as among males (Internet Gender Gap. Additionally, there are gender-specific differences in the breadth and type of Internet appropriation (Gendered Digital Inequalities. Therefore, a series of initiatives attempt to ease Internet access for girls and women and to increase their Internet competence (for example www.frauen-ans-netz.de. The practical handbook takes this one step further and does not only wish to incite Internet usage but also active Internet design in terms of creating new virtual networks of girls and women. The book approaches the technological, economic, social, psychological, and gender-political aspects of these networks illustrated by examples.

  1. Online Internal Temperature Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Kalman Filter

    OpenAIRE

    Jinlei Sun; Guo Wei; Lei Pei; Rengui Lu; Kai Song; Chao Wu; Chunbo Zhu

    2015-01-01

    The battery internal temperature estimation is important for the thermal safety in applications, because the internal temperature is hard to measure directly. In this work, an online internal temperature estimation method based on a simplified thermal model using a Kalman filter is proposed. As an improvement, the influences of entropy change and overpotential on heat generation are analyzed quantitatively. The model parameters are identified through a current pulse test. The charge/discharg...

  2. The effect of heterogeneous dynamics of online users on information filtering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, Bo-Lun; Zeng, An; Chen, Ling

    2015-01-01

    The rapid expansion of the Internet requires effective information filtering techniques to extract the most essential and relevant information for online users. Many recommendation algorithms have been proposed to predict the future items that a given user might be interested in. However, there is an important issue that has always been ignored so far in related works, namely the heterogeneous dynamics of online users. The interest of active users changes more often than that of less active users, which asks for different update frequency of their recommendation lists. In this paper, we develop a framework to study the effect of heterogeneous dynamics of users on the recommendation performance. We find that the personalized application of recommendation algorithms results in remarkable improvement in the recommendation accuracy and diversity. Our findings may help online retailers make better use of the existing recommendation methods. - Highlights: • We study the effect of heterogeneous dynamics of users on recommendation. • Due to the user heterogeneity, their amount of links in the probe set is different. • The personalized algorithm implementation improves the recommendation performance. • Our results suggest different update frequency for users – recommendation list.

  3. The effect of heterogeneous dynamics of online users on information filtering

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chen, Bo-Lun [Department of Computer Science, Yangzhou University of China, Yangzhou 225127 (China); Department of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics of China, Nanjing 210016 (China); Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 3, CH-1700 Fribourg (Switzerland); Zeng, An, E-mail: anzeng@bnu.edu.cn [School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); Chen, Ling [Department of Computer Science, Yangzhou University of China, Yangzhou 225127 (China); Department of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics of China, Nanjing 210016 (China)

    2015-11-06

    The rapid expansion of the Internet requires effective information filtering techniques to extract the most essential and relevant information for online users. Many recommendation algorithms have been proposed to predict the future items that a given user might be interested in. However, there is an important issue that has always been ignored so far in related works, namely the heterogeneous dynamics of online users. The interest of active users changes more often than that of less active users, which asks for different update frequency of their recommendation lists. In this paper, we develop a framework to study the effect of heterogeneous dynamics of users on the recommendation performance. We find that the personalized application of recommendation algorithms results in remarkable improvement in the recommendation accuracy and diversity. Our findings may help online retailers make better use of the existing recommendation methods. - Highlights: • We study the effect of heterogeneous dynamics of users on recommendation. • Due to the user heterogeneity, their amount of links in the probe set is different. • The personalized algorithm implementation improves the recommendation performance. • Our results suggest different update frequency for users – recommendation list.

  4. An Ensemble of Neural Networks for Online Electron Filtering at the ATLAS Experiment.

    CERN Document Server

    Da Fonseca Pinto, Joao Victor; The ATLAS collaboration

    2018-01-01

    In 2017 the ATLAS experiment implemented an ensemble of neural networks (NeuralRinger algorithm) dedicated to improving the performance of filtering events containing electrons in the high-input rate online environment of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, Geneva. The ensemble employs a concept of calorimetry rings. The training procedure and final structure of the ensemble are used to minimize fluctuations from detector response, according to the particle energy and position of incidence. A detailed study was carried out to assess profile distortions in crucial offline quantities through the usage of statistical tests and residual analysis. These details and the online performance of this algorithm during the 2017 data-taking will be presented.

  5. LOTSE - ein ganzheitlicher Ansatz zur Online-Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz

    OpenAIRE

    Krüger, Nicole

    2008-01-01

    LOTSE means "Library Online Tour and Self-Paced Education". It is an online-tutorial for academics and students. LOTSE follows an integrated approach and provides information on information literacy, subject-specific resources, and local library services and resources. LOTSE covers all aspects of information literacy, e.g., searching, evaluation of resources, writing of academic texts and using the Internet. This paper describes information literacy in light of online tutorials and exemplifie...

  6. Der Einsatz von Online-Datenbanken für Objektinnovationen im Systemgeschäft

    OpenAIRE

    Noch, Rainer

    1990-01-01

    Der Einsatz von Online-Datenbanken für Objektinnovationen im Systemgeschäft. - Augsburg : FGM-Verl., 1990. - 62, LVII S. - Zugl.: Augsburg, Univ., Diplomarb. - (Arbeitspapiere zur Schriftenreihe Schwerpunkt Marketing ; 31)

  7. Von der lernenden Region zur "Smart Region“

    OpenAIRE

    Poschwatta, Wolfgang

    2004-01-01

    Von der lernenden Region zur "Smart Region“ / M. Hilpert, W. Poschwatta. - In: Nabizadeh-Araghi, Nima : Auf dem Weg zur "Smart Region" : regionale Entwicklung am Beispiel der Pistazienproduktion im Iran. - Augsburg : Müllerdruck, 2004. - S. 5-9. - (Terra facta ; 2)

  8. Neuer Beitrag zur Kenntnis aussereuropaeischer Trichopteren

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ulmer, Georg

    1906-01-01

    In den folgenden Mitteilungen findet man alles veröffentlicht, was mir zur Zeit an neuem und wenig bekannten Materiale (mit Ausnahme amerikanischer Arten, für die mir keine Typen vorliegen) zur Verfügung steht. Herr Dr. H. W. van der Weele in Leiden war so freundlich, mir die aussereuropäischen

  9. Die Transition zur pflegenden Tochter

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dagmar Dräger

    2004-11-01

    Full Text Available Das Buch aus der Reihe „Studien zur Gesundheits- und Pflegewissenschaft“ beschreibt den theoretischen Hintergrund, das methodische Vorgehen und die Ergebnisse einer biografischen Untersuchung, die sich dem Übergang von der Tochter zur pflegenden Tochter widmete. Grundlage der Publikation ist die Dissertation (2002 der Autorin. Mit der Berücksichtigung biographischer und familiärer Hintergründe wird eine neue Perspektive in der Forschung zu pflegenden Angehörigen eingenommen.

  10. Siebenjährige Follow-up-Studie zur Anwendung des spannungsfreien Vaginalbandes (TVT zur Behandlung der Stressharninkontinenz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nilsson CG

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Studienzweck: Evaluierung der langfristigen Heilungs- und Spätkomplikationsraten bei Stressharninkontinenz der Frau bei Behandlung mit dem spannungsfreien Vaginalband (TVT, das anhand einer minimal-invasiven Operation eingesetzt wird. Methodik: In drei Studienzentren durchgeführte prospektive Beobachtungs- und Kohortenstudie mit ursprünglich 90 Frauen, deren primäre Stressharninkontinenz einen operativen Eingriff erforderlich machte. Zu den Bewertungsvariablen gehörten ein Vorlagentest (Pad-Test zur Messung des Uringewichts je 24 Stunden, ein Stresstest, eine visuelle Analogskala (VAS zur Beurteilung des Beschwerdegrads sowie ein Fragebogen zur Beurteilung der subjektiven Wahrnehmung des Kontinenzstatus durch die Frauen. Ergebnisse: Als Follow-up-Zeitraum wurde ein durchschnittlicher Zeitraum von 91 Monaten (78–100 Monate festgelegt. Sowohl die objektive als auch die subjektive Heilungsrate lag bei den an der Follow-up-Studie teilnehmenden 80 Frauen bei 81,3 %. Bei 7,8 % der Frauen wurde ein asymptomatischer Prolaps der Organe des kleinen Beckens, bei 6,3 % De-novo-Drangsymptome und bei 7,5 % eine rezidivierende Harnwegsinfektion festgestellt. Weitere unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen des Verfahrens wurden nicht festgestellt. Schlussfolgerung: Die Wirkung der TVT-Operation zur Behandlung der Stressharninkontinenz der Frau bleibt über einen Zeitraum von 7 Jahren erhalten.

  11. Ein Beitrag zur Blutzellmorphologie ausgewählter karnivorer Zootierarten

    OpenAIRE

    Güth, Henrike

    2004-01-01

    Henrike Güth Ein Beitrag zur Blutzellmorphologie ausgewählter karnivorer Zootierarten Zoo Leipzig Januar 2003 156 Seiten, 222 Abbildungen, 67 Tabellen, 1 Graphik, 151 Literaturangaben, Anhang mit 25 Abbildungen und 6 Tabellen Zur Beurteilung des Blutbildes ist es nötig, neben der quantitativen Betrachtung der Blutzellen auch ihre Morphologie in die Untersuchungen einzubeziehen. In der Praxis werden dazu häufig nach May-Grünwald-Giemsa-gefärbte Ausstriche verwendet. Referenzwerte zur physiolog...

  12. Alexandru Popa, Untersuchungen zu den römisch-barbarischen Kontakten Östlich der römischen Provinz Dacia Antiquitatis reihe 3 Abhnadlungen zur vor-und frühgeschichte, zur klassichen und provinzial-römischen archäologie und zur geschichte des altertum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vasile Iarmulschi

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Review on book - Alexandru Popa, Untersuchungen zu den römisch-barbarischen Kontakten Östlich der römischen Provinz Dacia Antiquitatis reihe 3 Abhnadlungen zur vor-und frühgeschichte, zur klassichen und provinzial-römischen archäologie und zur geschichte des altertum

  13. LHCb Online event processing and filtering

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alessio, F.; Barandela, C.; Brarda, L.; Frank, M.; Franek, B.; Galli, D.; Gaspar, C.; Herwijnen, E. v.; Jacobsson, R.; Jost, B.; Köstner, S.; Moine, G.; Neufeld, N.; Somogyi, P.; Stoica, R.; Suman, S.

    2008-07-01

    The first level trigger of LHCb accepts one million events per second. After preprocessing in custom FPGA-based boards these events are distributed to a large farm of PC-servers using a high-speed Gigabit Ethernet network. Synchronisation and event management is achieved by the Timing and Trigger system of LHCb. Due to the complex nature of the selection of B-events, which are the main interest of LHCb, a full event-readout is required. Event processing on the servers is parallelised on an event basis. The reduction factor is typically 1/500. The remaining events are forwarded to a formatting layer, where the raw data files are formed and temporarily stored. A small part of the events is also forwarded to a dedicated farm for calibration and monitoring. The files are subsequently shipped to the CERN Tier0 facility for permanent storage and from there to the various Tier1 sites for reconstruction. In parallel files are used by various monitoring and calibration processes running within the LHCb Online system. The entire data-flow is controlled and configured by means of a SCADA system and several databases. After an overview of the LHCb data acquisition and its design principles this paper will emphasize the LHCb event filter system, which is now implemented using the final hardware and will be ready for data-taking for the LHC startup. Control, configuration and security aspects will also be discussed.

  14. LHCb Online event processing and filtering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alessio, F; Barandela, C; Brarda, L; Frank, M; Gaspar, C; Herwijnen, E v; Jacobsson, R; Jost, B; Koestner, S; Moine, G; Neufeld, N; Somogyi, P; Stoica, R; Suman, S; Franek, B; Galli, D

    2008-01-01

    The first level trigger of LHCb accepts one million events per second. After preprocessing in custom FPGA-based boards these events are distributed to a large farm of PC-servers using a high-speed Gigabit Ethernet network. Synchronisation and event management is achieved by the Timing and Trigger system of LHCb. Due to the complex nature of the selection of B-events, which are the main interest of LHCb, a full event-readout is required. Event processing on the servers is parallelised on an event basis. The reduction factor is typically 1/500. The remaining events are forwarded to a formatting layer, where the raw data files are formed and temporarily stored. A small part of the events is also forwarded to a dedicated farm for calibration and monitoring. The files are subsequently shipped to the CERN Tier0 facility for permanent storage and from there to the various Tier1 sites for reconstruction. In parallel files are used by various monitoring and calibration processes running within the LHCb Online system. The entire data-flow is controlled and configured by means of a SCADA system and several databases. After an overview of the LHCb data acquisition and its design principles this paper will emphasize the LHCb event filter system, which is now implemented using the final hardware and will be ready for data-taking for the LHC startup. Control, configuration and security aspects will also be discussed

  15. High temperature superconductors in satellite communications. High power microwave resonators and filters in planar HTSC technology. Final report; Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter-Systeme in der Satellitenkommunikation. Leistungstaugliche Hochfrequenz-Resonatoren und -Filter in planarer HTSL-Technologie. Abschlussbericht

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Baumfalk, A.; Kaiser, T.; Kolesov, S.; Chaloupka, H.; Piel, H.; Hein, M.

    1999-07-31

    Goal of the R and D project was the development of miniaturized HTSC resonators and filters. The work was divided into two main packages: ({alpha}) Systematic investigations of thin film samples, manufactured by partners of the common project as well as the development of characterization methods. ({beta}) Considerations of all relevant topics related to the design and manufacturing of high power filters with given specifications. The power handling capability of thin films is the most challenging issue in film production. A large variation in film quality could be observed that can cause problems in the realization of HTSC components. Employing the introduced concept of edge current free disk and ring resonators, high power HTSC filters can be realized with an improvement of 400 in power handling capability compared to other HTSC resonator types. During optimization of the unloaded quality factor, dielectric losses were identified to be the limiting factor. Two-pole, four-pole Chebyshev and four pole elliptic filters were developed and characterized and showed low loss and high power handling capability. (orig.) [German] Die Zielsetzung des F und E-Vorhabens war es, stark miniaturisierte leistungstaugliche Resonatoren und Filter auf der Basis von Hochtemperatur-supraleitenden Duennfilmen zu entwickeln. Die Arbeiten gliederten sich in zwei Teilbereiche: Einerseits wurden Methoden zur Hochfrequenz-Charakterisierung der zugrundeliegenden HTSL-Schichten entwickelt und systematische Untersuchungen an Proben schichtherstellender Verbundpartner durchgefuehrt. Andererseits wurden alle relevanten Teilprobleme zur Entwicklung hochleistungstauglicher Filter bearbeitet und entsprechende Problemloesungen entwickelt. Bei der Schichtherstellung stellte sich die geforderte Leistungstragfaehigkeit der HTSL-Schichten als besondere Herausforderung dar. Es wurde eine grosse Streuung der Filmqualitaet beobachtet, wodurch die Realisierung von Bauelementen erschwert werden kann. Die

  16. Selected examples of online measuring techniques for N and P elimination at sewage treatment plants; Ausgewaehlte Beispiele fuer die Online-Messtechnik zur N- und P-Elimination in Klaeranlagen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wolffson, C.

    1997-12-31

    More stringent demands on the pollutant concentration of effluents call for stricter self-monitoring and enhanced process control. Devices for measuring ammonium, nitrate and phosphate that suit practical requirements are available. The readings continuously obtained can be additionally used by the control room, within the framework of modern sewage plant process control, for process monitoring. Apart from the financial advantages of saving ventilation energy and chemicals, control loops with continuous measurements are superior in that they enhance the process stability of sewage treatment. (orig.) [Deutsch] Verschaerfte Einleitungsbedingungen erfordern verstaerkte Eigenueberwachung und verbesserte Prozessregelung. Betriebstaugliche Dauermessgeraete fuer Ammonium, Nitrat und Phosphat stehen zur Verfuegung. Die kontinuierlich anfallenden Messwerte koennen im Rahmen der modernen Klaeranlagenleittechnik neben der Prozessregelung zusaetzlich in den Schaltwarten zur Prozessueber-wachung genutzt werden. Neben den Einsparungsmoeglichkeiten fuer Belueftungsenergie und Chemikalien, die einen finanziellen Vorteil bedeuten, liegt der entscheidende Vorzug der Regelkreise mit konti-nuierlichen Messungen in der Verbesserung der Prozessstabilitaet der Abwasserreinigung. (orig.)

  17. Perception-Based Filtering for MMOGs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Souad El Merhebi

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Online games have exploded in the last few years. These games face several problems linked to scalability and interactivity. In fact, online games should provide a quick feedback of users' interactions as well as a coherent view of the shared world. However, the search for enhanced scalability dramatically increases message exchange. Such an increase consumes processing power and bandwidth, and thus limits interactivity, consistency, and scalability. To reduce the rate of message exchange, distributed virtual environment systems use filtering techniques such as interest management that filters messages according to users' interests in the world. These interests are influenced by perceptual facts which we study in this paper in order to build upon them a perception-based filtering technique. This technique satisfies users' needs by precisely providing an exact filtering which is more efficient than other techniques.

  18. Noise Reduction of Measurement Data using Linear Digital Filters

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hitzmann B.

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available In this paper Butterworth, Chebyshev (Type I and II and Elliptic digital filters are designed for signal noise reduction. On-line data measurements of substrate concentration from E. coli fed-batch cultivation process are used. Application of the designed filters leads to a successful noise reduction of on-line glucose measurements. The digital filters presented here are simple, easy to implement and effective - the used filters allow for a smart compromise between signal information and noise corruption.

  19. Online Internal Temperature Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Kalman Filter

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jinlei Sun

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available The battery internal temperature estimation is important for the thermal safety in applications, because the internal temperature is hard to measure directly. In this work, an online internal temperature estimation method based on a simplified thermal model using a Kalman filter is proposed. As an improvement, the influences of entropy change and overpotential on heat generation are analyzed quantitatively. The model parameters are identified through a current pulse test. The charge/discharge experiments under different current rates are carried out on the same battery to verify the estimation results. The internal and surface temperatures are measured with thermocouples for result validation and model construction. The accuracy of the estimated result is validated with a maximum estimation error of around 1 K.

  20. Filters: It's Not about Porn, Stupid!

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schuyler, Michael

    1997-01-01

    Discusses libraries' uses of filters to prevent access to objectionable sites on the Internet. Highlights include the American Library Association's resolution against filters as a violation of First Amendment rights; patron's use of terminals for e-mail or games; using filters for collection management; and listservs and online resources…

  1. Vom Referat bis zur Examensarbeit: Naturwissenschaftliche Texte perfekt verfassen und gestalten

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kremer, Bruno P.

    Welches Thema eignet sich für mein Referat oder meine Seminararbeit? Wie sammle ich Stoff? Wie gliedere ich den Text? Bruno P. Kremer beantwortet auf nur 200 Seiten alle wichtigen Fragen zur wissenschaftlichen Arbeit in den naturwissenschaftlichen Fächern. Dabei beschränkt er sich auf das für Studenten und Schüler wirklich notwendige Wissen und lässt jeglichen unnützen Ballast beiseite. Dieser praktische Ratgeber verhilft Ihnen zur erfolgreichen wissenschaftlichen Arbeit - vom Referat bis zur Examensarbeit.

  2. Analysis of a Kalman filter based method for on-line estimation of atmospheric dispersion parameters using radiation monitoring data

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Drews, Martin; Lauritzen, Bent; Madsen, Henrik

    2005-01-01

    A Kalman filter method is discussed for on-line estimation of radioactive release and atmospheric dispersion from a time series of off-site radiation monitoring data. The method is based on a state space approach, where a stochastic system equation describes the dynamics of the plume model...... parameters, and the observables are linked to the state variables through a static measurement equation. The method is analysed for three simple state space models using experimental data obtained at a nuclear research reactor. Compared to direct measurements of the atmospheric dispersion, the Kalman filter...... estimates are found to agree well with the measured parameters, provided that the radiation measurements are spread out in the cross-wind direction. For less optimal detector placement it proves difficult to distinguish variations in the source term and plume height; yet the Kalman filter yields consistent...

  3. Implementation of a nonlinear filter for online nuclear counting

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Coulon, R.; Dumazert, J.; Kondrasovs, V.; Normand, S.

    2016-01-01

    Nuclear counting is a challenging task for nuclear instrumentation because of the stochastic nature of radioactivity. Event counting has to be processed and filtered to determine a stable count rate value and perform variation monitoring of the measured event. An innovative approach for nuclear counting is presented in this study, improving response time and maintaining count rate stability. Some nonlinear filters providing a local maximum likelihood estimation of the signal have been recently developed, which have been tested and compared with conventional linear filters. A nonlinear filter thus developed shows significant performance in terms of response time and measurement precision. The filter also presents the specificity of easy embedment into digital signal processor (DSP) electronics based on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or microcontrollers, compatible with real-time requirements. © 2001 Elsevier Science. All rights reserved. - Highlights: • An efficient approach based on nonlinear filtering has been implemented. • The hypothesis test provides a local maximum likelihood estimation of the count rate. • The filter ensures an optimal compromise between precision and response time.

  4. The components of the unique Zur regulon of Cupriavidus metallidurans mediate cytoplasmic zinc handling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bütof, Lucy; Schmidt-Vogler, Christopher; Herzberg, Martin; Große, Cornelia; Nies, Dietrich H

    2017-08-14

    Zinc is an essential trace element and at the same time it is toxic at high concentrations. In the beta-proteobacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans the highly efficient removal of surplus zinc from the periplasm is responsible for its outstanding metal resistance. Rather than having a typical Zur-dependent, high-affinity ATP-binding cassette transporter of the ABC protein superfamily for zinc uptake at low concentrations, C. metallidurans instead has the secondary zinc importer ZupT of the ZRT/IRT (ZIP) family. It is important to understand, therefore, how this zinc-resistant bacterium copes when it is exposed to low zinc concentrations. Members of the Zur regulon in C. metallidurans were identified by comparing the transcriptomes of a Δ zur mutant and its parent strain. The consensus sequence of the Zur-binding box was derived for the zupTp promoter-regulatory region using a truncation assay. The motif was used to predict possible Zur-boxes upstream of Zur regulon members. Binding of Zur to these boxes was confirmed. Two Zur-boxes upstream of the cobW 1 gene, encoding a putative zinc chaperone, proved to be required for complete repression of cobW 1 and its downstream genes in cells cultivated in mineral salts medium. A Zur box upstream of each of zur-cobW 2 , cobW 3 and zupT permitted low-expression level of these genes plus their up-regulation under zinc starvation conditions. This demonstrates a compartmentalization of zinc homeostasis in C. metallidurans with the periplasm being responsible for removal of surplus zinc and cytoplasmic components for management of zinc as an essential co-factor, with both compartments connected by ZupT. Importance Elucidating zinc homeostasis is necessary to understand both host-pathogen interactions and performance of free-living bacteria in their natural environment. Escherichia coli acquires zinc under low zinc concentrations by the Zur-controlled ZnuABC importer of the ABC superfamily, and this was also the paradigm for other

  5. Untersuchungen zur Rauchgasentstickung mittels Schwefelwasserstoff in Tri-n-butylphosphat

    OpenAIRE

    Homann, Jörg

    2000-01-01

    In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Reaktion von Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) mit Schwefelwassersoff (H2S) in Tri-n-butylphosphat (TBP) im Hinblick auf ein alternatives Verfahren zur Entstickung von Rauchgasen untersucht. Mittels einer gasvolumetrischen Absorptionsapparatur wurden zuerst Daten zur physikalischen Löslichkeit in TBP ermittelt, die für den Erhalt kinetischer Daten der stofftransportüberlagerten Reaktionen in TBP relevant sind. Es sind dies die Henrykoeffizienten von NO, H2S und die d...

  6. Vergleich verschiedener Methoden zur Haftkraftmessung von Dentinadhäsiven

    OpenAIRE

    Schwertner, Katharina

    2010-01-01

    Zur Bestimmung der Haftkraft von Adhäsiven stehen verschiedene Methoden zur Verfügung. Ziel dieser Studie war es, vier gebräuchliche in vitro Haftkraftmessmethoden (Tensile Bond Strength Test, Shear Bond Strength Test, Microtensile Bond Strength Test, Push-out Bond Strength Test) an drei unterschiedlichen Adhäsivsystemen (Syntac, Clearfil SE Bond, Adper Scotchbond Multi Purpose) zu testen und die Ergebnisse zu vergleichen. Die Haftkräfte sind abhängig von der verwendeten Messmethode. Viele Pa...

  7. Generalised Filtering

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karl Friston

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available We describe a Bayesian filtering scheme for nonlinear state-space models in continuous time. This scheme is called Generalised Filtering and furnishes posterior (conditional densities on hidden states and unknown parameters generating observed data. Crucially, the scheme operates online, assimilating data to optimize the conditional density on time-varying states and time-invariant parameters. In contrast to Kalman and Particle smoothing, Generalised Filtering does not require a backwards pass. In contrast to variational schemes, it does not assume conditional independence between the states and parameters. Generalised Filtering optimises the conditional density with respect to a free-energy bound on the model's log-evidence. This optimisation uses the generalised motion of hidden states and parameters, under the prior assumption that the motion of the parameters is small. We describe the scheme, present comparative evaluations with a fixed-form variational version, and conclude with an illustrative application to a nonlinear state-space model of brain imaging time-series.

  8. Model-based online optimisation. Pt. 1: active learning; Modellbasierte Online-Optimierung moderner Verbrennungsmotoren. T. 1: Aktives Lernen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Poland, J.; Knoedler, K.; Zell, A. [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Rechnerarchitektur; Fleischhauer, T.; Mitterer, A.; Ullmann, S. [BMW Group (Germany)

    2003-05-01

    This two-part article presents the model-based optimisation algorithm ''mbminimize''. It was developed in a corporate project of the University Tuebingen and the BMW Group for the purpose of optimising internal combustion engines online on the engine test bed. The first part concentrates on the basic algorithmic design, as well as on modelling, experimental design and active learning. The second part will discuss strategies for dealing with limits such as knocking. (orig.) [German] Dieser zweiteilige Beitrag stellt den modellbasierten Optimierungsalgorithmus ''mbminimize'' vor, der in Kooperation von der Universitaet Tuebingen und der BMW Group fuer die Online-Optimierung von Verbrennungsmotoren entwickelt wurde. Der vorliegende erste Teil konzentriert sich auf das grundlegende algorithmische Design, auf Modellierung, Versuchsplanung und aktives Lernen. Der zweite Teil diskutiert Strategien zur Behandlung von Limits wie Motorklopfen.

  9. Online-Programm zur Gewichtsreduktion und Verhaltensmodifikation : Analyse von Wirksamkeit und Prädiktoren

    OpenAIRE

    Borchardt, Anke

    2014-01-01

    Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist, in einer dreiarmigen, randomisierten, kontrollierten Vergleichsstudie mit n=106 Teilnehmern die Wirksamkeit eines zwölfwöchigen Online-Gewichtsreduktionsprogramms zu überprüfen. Dazu werden drei unterschiedliche Versionen eines Gewichtsreduktionsprogramms mit identischen Programminhalten miteinander verglichen: reines Online-Programm vs. Online-Programm mit monatlichen persönlichen Vor-Ort-Treffen vs. Face-to-Face-Programm. Überdies sollen Prädiktoren für...

  10. Human tracking in thermal images using adaptive particle filters with online random forest learning

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ko, Byoung Chul; Kwak, Joon-Young; Nam, Jae-Yeal

    2013-11-01

    This paper presents a fast and robust human tracking method to use in a moving long-wave infrared thermal camera under poor illumination with the existence of shadows and cluttered backgrounds. To improve the human tracking performance while minimizing the computation time, this study proposes an online learning of classifiers based on particle filters and combination of a local intensity distribution (LID) with oriented center-symmetric local binary patterns (OCS-LBP). Specifically, we design a real-time random forest (RF), which is the ensemble of decision trees for confidence estimation, and confidences of the RF are converted into a likelihood function of the target state. First, the target model is selected by the user and particles are sampled. Then, RFs are generated using the positive and negative examples with LID and OCS-LBP features by online learning. The learned RF classifiers are used to detect the most likely target position in the subsequent frame in the next stage. Then, the RFs are learned again by means of fast retraining with the tracked object and background appearance in the new frame. The proposed algorithm is successfully applied to various thermal videos as tests and its tracking performance is better than those of other methods.

  11. Online analysis of five organic ultraviolet filters in environmental water samples using magnetism-enhanced monolith-based in-tube solid phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mei, Meng; Huang, Xiaojia

    2017-11-24

    Due to the endocrine disrupting properties, organic UV filters have been a great risk for humans and other organisms. Therefore, development of accurate and effective analytical methods is needed for the determination of UV filters in environmental waters. In this work, a fast, sensitive and environmentally friendly method combining magnetism-enhanced monolith-based in-tube solid phase microextraction with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (DAD) (ME-MB-IT/SPME-HPLC-DAD) for the online analysis of five organic UV filters in environmental water samples was developed. To extract UV filters effectively, an ionic liquid-based monolithic capillary column doped with magnetic nanoparticles was prepared by in-situ polymerization and used as extraction medium of online ME-MB-IT/SPME-HPLC-DAD system. Several extraction conditions including the intensity of magnetic field, sampling and desorption flow rate, volume of sample and desorption solvent, pH value and ionic strength of sample matrix were optimized thoroughly. Under the optimized conditions, the extraction efficiencies for five organic UV filters were in the range of 44.0-100%. The limits of detection (S/N=3) and limits of quantification (S/N=10) were 0.04-0.26μg/L and 0.12-0.87μg/L, respectively. The precisions indicated by relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 10% for both intra- and inter-day variabilities. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to the determination of UV filters in three environmental water samples and satisfactory results were obtained. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. Contributions to ecosystem research and environmental education III; Beitraege zur Oekosystemforschung und Umwelterziehung III

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Erdmann, K H [ed.; Nauber, J [ed.

    1996-09-01

    The publication comprises the following chapters: Contributions to the implementation of findings in policy and administration; Contributions to biosphere reservations; Contributions to ecosystems research; Contributions to environmental education. The first chapter discusses environmental protection from the political point of view, while the second chapter describes biosphere reservations world-wide as well as their protection, conservation and development. (SR) [Deutsch] Die vorliegende Veroeffentlichung teilt sich in folgende Kapitel auf: Beitraege zur Umsetzung von Erkenntnissen in Politik und Verwaltung, Beitraege zu Biosphaerenreservaten, Beitraege zur Oekosystemforschung sowie Beitraege zur Umwelterziehung. Im ersten Kapitel wird der Umweltschutz von der politischen Seite aus beleuchtet. Das zweite Kapitel beschreibt verschiedene Biosphaerenreservate in der ganzen Welt und deren Schutz, Pflege und Entwicklung. Das dritte Kapitel beinhaltet Beitraege zur oekologischen Forschung. Abschliessend werden im letzten Kapitel psychologische Aspekte der Umwelterziehung dargestellt. (SR)

  13. Particle Filtering Methods for Incorporating Intelligence Updates

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-03-01

    past time steps. 3.2.1 Particle Filtering through Bayesian Bootstrap Sampling Although SIS helps resolve the computational and complexity issues...variables. This insight was called the Bayesian bootstrap filter, or more commonly called the particle filter. Multiple particles are sampled from an...2012) 16 maps of drug flow into the United States. Business Insider Online, (July 8), http://www.businessinsider.com/16-maps-of-drug-flow-into-the

  14. A simple procedure to estimate reactivity with good noise filtering characteristics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shimazu, Yoichiro

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • A new and simple on-line reactivity estimation method is proposed. • The estimator has robust noise filtering characteristics. • The noise filtering is equivalent to those of conventional reactivity meters. • The new estimator eliminates the burden of selecting optimum filter constants. • The new estimation performance is assessed without and with measurement noise. - Abstract: A new and simple on-line reactivity estimation method is proposed. The estimator has robust noise filtering characteristics without the use of complex filters. The noise filtering capability is equivalent to or better than that of a conventional estimator based on Inverse Point Kinetics (IPK). The new estimator can also eliminate the burden of selecting optimum filter time constants, such as would be required for the IPK-based estimator, or noise covariance matrices, which are needed if the extended Kalman filter (EKF) technique is used. In this paper, the new estimation method is introduced and its performance assessed without and with measurement noise

  15. Method for assessing modular concepts for reformate gas processing for PEM fuel cell systems for decentral power supply; Methodik zur Bewertung modularer Konzepte zur Reformatgasaufbereitung fuer PEM-Brennstoffzellenanlagen zur dezentralen Energieversorgung

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gerber, J.

    2007-02-08

    The dissertation presents the fundamentals of hydrogen gas processing and CO gas purification methods and, on this basis, develops a method for energetic modularisation of the gas treatment process. All process stages are modelled and analyzed on the basis of mass and energy balances. The theoretical discussion of solution methods for the balance equations of the various process stages is limited to the steam reforming and CO gas purification system. Parameters are defined for energetic assessment of the process variants. The method leads to the identification of energetically optimized process variants. Its main goal is the optimum utilisation of process-internal energy and mass flows. The graphic pinch method is a key component of the method presented; it is adapted to the exemplary process. [German] In der Dissertation wird, ausgehend von der Darstellung der Grundlagen der Wasserstoffgasaufbereitungs- und CO-Gasreinigungsverfahren, eine Methodik zur energetischen Modularisierung des Gasaufbereitungsprozesses entwickelt. Die Modellierung und Analyse der einzelnen Prozessstufen erfolgt auf der Basis von Masse- und Energiebilanzen. Die theoretische Darstellung der Loesungsmethoden fuer die Bilanzgleichungen der einzelnen Prozessstufen ist dabei auf das System Dampfreformierung und CO-Gasreinigung eingegrenzt. Parameter zur energetischen Bewertung der Prozessvarianten werden definiert. Die Methodik fuehrt zur Eingrenzung energetisch optimierter Prozessvarianten. Ihr Hauptziel liegt in der optimalen Nutzung prozessinterner Energie- und Stoffstroeme. Ein zentraler Bestandteil der Methodik ist die graphische Pinch-Methode. Sie wird dem vorliegenden Prozess angepasst.

  16. Digitale Transformation, aber wie? - Von der Spielwiese zur Umsetzungsplanung

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kaiser, Thomas

    Es besteht wohl kaum Anlass zur Annahme, dass die seit Jahrzehnten etablierten Markt- und Technologiestrukturen der Energiewirtschaft sich nicht in einem radikalen Ablöseprozess mit Gewinnern und Verlierern befinden. Aber Vorsicht - vordergründig bereits verloren erscheinende Geschäftsmodelle erfahren im Zuge der Digitalisierung einerseits noch intensiveren Wettbewerbsdruck, können aber andererseits von diesem "technologischen Jungbrunnen" profitieren, um verlorenes Terrain zurückzugewinnen. Im folgenden Kapitel wird ein Managementzyklus aufgezeigt, der in Anlehnung an die bereits erfolgreiche Implementierung digitaler R/Evolutionen anderer Branchen aufzeigt, wie die Geschäftsleitung systematisch kostenbewusst und zielorientiert die Digitalisierung umsetzen kann.

  17. A diagnostic imaging approach for online characterization of multi-impact in aircraft composite structures based on a scanning spatial-wavenumber filter of guided wave

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ren, Yuanqiang; Qiu, Lei; Yuan, Shenfang; Su, Zhongqing

    2017-06-01

    Monitoring of impact and multi-impact in particular in aircraft composite structures has been an intensive research topic in the field of guided-wave-based structural health monitoring (SHM). Compared with the majority of existing methods such as those using signal features in the time-, frequency- or joint time-frequency domain, the approach based on spatial-wavenumber filter of guided wave shows superb advantage in effectively distinguishing particular wave modes and identifying their propagation direction relative to the sensor array. However, there exist two major issues when conducting online characterization of multi-impact event. Firstly, the spatial-wavenumber filter should be realized in the situation that the wavenumber of high spatial resolution of the complicated multi-impact signal cannot be measured or modeled. Secondly, it's difficult to identify the multiple impacts and realize multi-impact localization due to the overlapping of wavenumbers. To address these issues, a scanning spatial-wavenumber filter based diagnostic imaging method for online characterization of multi-impact event is proposed to conduct multi-impact imaging and localization in this paper. The principle of the scanning filter for multi-impact is developed first to conduct spatial-wavenumber filtering and to achieve wavenumber-time imaging of the multiple impacts. Then, a feature identification method of multi-impact based on eigenvalue decomposition and wavenumber searching is presented to estimate the number of impacts and calculate the wavenumber of the multi-impact signal, and an image mapping method is proposed as well to convert the wavenumber-time image to an angle-distance image to distinguish and locate the multiple impacts. A series of multi-impact events are applied to a carbon fiber laminate plate to validate the proposed methods. The validation results show that the localization of the multiple impacts are well achieved.

  18. An on-line estimation of battery pack parameters and state-of-charge using dual filters based on pack model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Xu; Wang, Yujie; Yang, Duo; Chen, Zonghai

    2016-01-01

    Accurate estimation of battery pack state-of-charge plays a very important role for electric vehicles, which directly reflects the behavior of battery pack usage. However, the inconsistency of battery makes the estimation of battery pack state-of-charge different from single cell. In this paper, to estimate the battery pack state-of-charge on-line, the definition of battery pack is proposed, and the relationship between the total available capacity of battery pack and single cell is put forward to analyze the energy efficiency influenced by battery inconsistency, then a lumped parameter battery model is built up to describe the dynamic behavior of battery pack. Furthermore, the extend Kalman filter-unscented Kalman filter algorithm is developed to identify the parameters of battery pack and forecast state-of-charge concurrently. The extend Kalman filter is applied to update the battery pack parameters by real-time measured data, while the unscented Kalman filter is employed to estimate the battery pack state-of-charge. Finally, the proposed approach is verified by experiments operated on the lithium-ion battery under constant current condition and the dynamic stress test profiles. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can estimate the battery pack state-of-charge with high accuracy. - Highlights: • A novel space state equation is built to describe the pack dynamic behavior. • The dual filters method is used to estimate the pack state-of-charge. • Battery inconsistency is considered to analyze the pack usage efficiency. • The accuracy of the proposed method is verified under different conditions.

  19. Recommended procedure for selection of detector systems for in vivo measurement of incorporated radioactivity; Empfehlungen zur Auswahl von Detektorsystemen zur Direktmessung der Koerperaktivitaet

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sahre, P. [Verein fuer Kernverfahrenstechnik und Analytik (VKTA) Rossendorf e.V., Dresden (Germany); Wahl, W. [GSF Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit, Neuherberg (Germany). Inst. fuer Strahlenschutz; Doerfel, H. [Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (Germany)

    1997-12-01

    The paper presents and discusses a variety of aspects and objectives to be considered and explains the selection criteria to be applied with reference to the available detector systems. All available detector systems are shown and explained in a table. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Zur Direktmessung der Koerperaktivitaet werden vorwiegend Halbleiter- und Szintillationsdetektoren verwendet. Bei Halbleiterdetektoren kommen der Regel HPGe-Detektoren und in Einzelfaellen auch Si(Li)-Detektoren zum Einsatz. Bei Szintillationsdetektoren werden hauptsaechlich NaI(TI)-Detektoren sowie NaI(TI)/CsI(TI)-Phoswich-Detektoren verwendet. Verschiedene Gesichtspunkte zur Auswahl von Detektorsystemen werden vorgestellt. (orig./SR)

  20. Online measuring devices at sewage treatment plants - state of the art and future market potential; On-Line-Messtechnik auf Klaeranlagen - Aktueller Stand und Marktpotential fuer die Zukunft

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Baumann, P [Inst. fuer Siedlungswasserbau, Wasserguete- und Abfallwirtschaft der Univ. Stuttgart, Abt. Abwassertechnik (Germany); Schlegel, S [Emschergenossenschaft, Essen (Germany)

    1998-12-31

    By means of a survey commissioned by ATV/GFA, the purposes of use and spheres of use as well as the operating experience with online measuring devices for the determination of ammonium, oxidized nitrogen compounds and orthophosphate were established and evaluated. In addition, data were acquired with the aid of other units for the continuous recording of chemical and physical parameters of sewage treatment. Finally, the future market potentials and development pospects of online measuring devices were evaluated. (orig.) [Deutsch] Anhand einer im Auftrag der ATV/GFA durchgefuehrten Umfrage wurden Einsatzzweck, Einsatzbereiche und Betriebserfahrungen von On-line-Messgeraeten zur Bestimmung von Ammonium, oxidierten Stickstoffverbindungen und Orthophosphat dargestellt und bewertet. Zusaetzlich wurden auch Daten von anderen Geraeteeinheiten zur kontinuierlichen Erfassung von chemischen und physikalischen Parametern bei der Abwasserreinigung erhoben. Anschliessend wurde das zukuenftige Marktpotential und die Entwicklungsmoeglichkeiten bei der On-line-Messtechnik bewertet. (orig.)

  1. Online measuring devices at sewage treatment plants - state of the art and future market potential; On-Line-Messtechnik auf Klaeranlagen - Aktueller Stand und Marktpotential fuer die Zukunft

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Baumann, P. [Inst. fuer Siedlungswasserbau, Wasserguete- und Abfallwirtschaft der Univ. Stuttgart, Abt. Abwassertechnik (Germany); Schlegel, S. [Emschergenossenschaft, Essen (Germany)

    1997-12-31

    By means of a survey commissioned by ATV/GFA, the purposes of use and spheres of use as well as the operating experience with online measuring devices for the determination of ammonium, oxidized nitrogen compounds and orthophosphate were established and evaluated. In addition, data were acquired with the aid of other units for the continuous recording of chemical and physical parameters of sewage treatment. Finally, the future market potentials and development pospects of online measuring devices were evaluated. (orig.) [Deutsch] Anhand einer im Auftrag der ATV/GFA durchgefuehrten Umfrage wurden Einsatzzweck, Einsatzbereiche und Betriebserfahrungen von On-line-Messgeraeten zur Bestimmung von Ammonium, oxidierten Stickstoffverbindungen und Orthophosphat dargestellt und bewertet. Zusaetzlich wurden auch Daten von anderen Geraeteeinheiten zur kontinuierlichen Erfassung von chemischen und physikalischen Parametern bei der Abwasserreinigung erhoben. Anschliessend wurde das zukuenftige Marktpotential und die Entwicklungsmoeglichkeiten bei der On-line-Messtechnik bewertet. (orig.)

  2. Forecasting with the Standardized Self-Perturbed Kalman Filter

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Grassi, Stefano; Nonejad, Nima; Santucci de Magistris, Paolo

    We propose and study the finite-sample properties of a modified version of the self-perturbed Kalman filter of Park and Jun (1992) for the on-line estimation of models subject to parameter instability. The perturbation term in the updating equation of the state covariance matrix is now weighted...... compared to other on-line, classical and Bayesian methods. The standardized self-perturbed Kalman filter is adopted to forecast the equity premium on the S&P500 index under several model specifications, and to investigate to what extent and how realized variance can be exploited to predict excess returns....

  3. Wildnisbildung als Möglichkeit zur Professionalisierung zukünftiger Geographielehrer/innen – ein neuer Ansatz zur Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung?. GW-Unterricht|GW-Unterricht 142/143|

    OpenAIRE

    Lindau, Anne-Kathrin; Hottenroth, Daniela; Lindner, Martin

    2016-01-01

    Der in den deutschen Nationalparken seit mehreren Jahren thematisierte und praktizierte Ansatz der Wildnisbildung stellt möglicherweise einen neuen Zugang zur Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) in der universitären Lehrer/innenbildung im Fach Geographie dar. Am Beispiel des DBU-geförderten Projektes „Wildnis macht stark“ wird eine Konzeption für die Umsetzung von Wildnisbildung im Rahmen des Geographie-Lehramtsstudiums vorgestellt und mit ersten Forschungsergebnissen zur Wirksamkeit in...

  4. Filtering Performance Comparison of Kernel and Wavelet Filters for Reactivity Signal Noise

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, Moon Ghu; Shin, Ho Cheol; Lee, Yong Kwan; You, Skin

    2006-01-01

    Nuclear reactor power deviation from the critical state is a parameter of specific interest defined by the reactivity measuring neutron population. Reactivity is an extremely important quantity used to define many of the reactor startup physics parameters. The time dependent reactivity is normally determined by solving the using inverse neutron kinetics equation. The reactivity computer is a device to provide an on-line solution of the inverse kinetics equation. The measurement signal of the neutron density is normally noise corrupted and the control rods movement typically gives reactivity variation with edge signals like saw teeth. Those edge regions should be precisely preserved since the measured signal is used to estimate the reactivity wroth which is a crucial parameter to assure the safety of the nuclear reactors. In this paper, three kind of edge preserving noise filters are proposed and their performance is demonstrated using stepwise signals. The tested filters are based on the unilateral, bilateral kernel and wavelet filters which are known to be effective in edge preservation. The bilateral filter shows a remarkable improvement compared with unilateral kernel and wavelet filters

  5. Online Parameter Identification and State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Squares and Nonlinear Kalman Filter

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bizhong Xia

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available State of charge (SOC estimation is the core of any battery management system. Most closed-loop SOC estimation algorithms are based on the equivalent circuit model with fixed parameters. However, the parameters of the equivalent circuit model will change as temperature or SOC changes, resulting in reduced SOC estimation accuracy. In this paper, two SOC estimation algorithms with online parameter identification are proposed to solve this problem based on forgetting factor recursive least squares (FFRLS and nonlinear Kalman filter. The parameters of a Thevenin model are constantly updated by FFRLS. The nonlinear Kalman filter is used to perform the recursive operation to estimate SOC. Experiments in variable temperature environments verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. A combination of four driving cycles is loaded on lithium-ion batteries to test the adaptability of the approaches to different working conditions. Under certain conditions, the average error of the SOC estimation dropped from 5.6% to 1.1% after adding the online parameters identification, showing that the estimation accuracy of proposed algorithms is greatly improved. Besides, simulated measurement noise is added to the test data to prove the robustness of the algorithms.

  6. Robuste Verzweigungserkennung von Gefäßen in CTA-Datensätzen zur modellbasierten Extraktion der Centerline

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beck, Thomas; Fritz, Dominik; Biermann, Christina; Dillmann, Rüdiger

    Bei der Befundung und Visualisierung von Blutgefäßen ist deren Centerline von zentraler Bedeutung. Die Unterscheidung zwischen unverzweigten Abschnitten des Gefäßes und Verzweigungsbereichen ermöglicht den Einsatz spezialisierter und sehr effizienter Algorithmen zur modellbasierten Extraktion der Centerline. In diesem Artikel wird ein robustes Verfahren zur Verzweigungserkennung vorgestellt. Das Verfahren beruht auf einem Front-Propagation-Ansatz mit dynamisch angepassten Schwellwerten und einer anschließenden Clusteranalyse. Die vorgestellte Methode zur Verzweigungserkennung wurde als Komponente einer Architektur zur Extraktion der Centerline auf handannotierten Datensätzen getestet. Erste Ergebnisse sind sehr vielversprechend und ermöglichen auch bei pathologischen Gefäßen eine robuste Detektion von Gefäßverzweigungen.

  7. Der Weg von der Computerkompetenz zur Medienkompetenz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Barbara Zuliani

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Weiterführende Gedanken zur „Schlüsselkompetenz Nr.4“ des Europäischen Rates im Bereich des lebenslangen Lernens: Computerkompetenz bzw. Medienkompetenz, sowie Anwendungsbeispiele aus dem Bereich der Volksschule: Klassenblog und verschiedener Apps via iPad - 2 Praxisberichte

  8. Criteria of validity in the measurement of shearing fracture toughness; Gueltigkeitskriterien zur Bestimmung von Scherbruchzaehigkeiten

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hiese, W

    2000-01-01

    The investigations aimed at the development of criteria for measuring valid shearing fracture toughness data K{sub IIc} in analogy to the measurement of mode-I fracture toughness K{sub Ie}. Details are presented, and practical recommendations are given. [German] Die Brucheigenschaften von Werkstoffen werden ueblicherweise unter Zugbeanspruchungsbedingungen (Mode-I) bestimmt. Im Anwendungsbereich der linear-elastischen Bruchmechanik bzw. des Kleinbereichsfliessens geschieht dieses in Form der Bruchzaehigkeit K{sub Ic}. Es existieren entsprechende Richtlinien zur Durchfuehrung des Tests sowie zur Registrierung und Auswertung der Daten. Diese Kriterien sind in Standards festgelegt. Empfehlungen zur Bestimmung der Bruchzaehigkeit K{sub IIc} unter ebener Scherbelastung (Mode-II) fuer Werkstoffe mit im wesentlichen linear-elastischem Verhalten existieren nicht. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden durch den Vergleich der Groesse der plastischen Rissspitzenzonen im Verhaeltnis zu den Abmessungen von Probe bzw. Bauteil Kriterien zur Messung gueltiger Scherbruchzaehigkeiten K{sub IIc} analog zur Messung der Mode-I-Bruchzaehigkeit K{sub Ic} entwickelt. Der Groessenvergleich der plastischen Rissspitzenzonen fuer beide Beanspruchungsarten zeigt unter aequivalenten Beanspruchungen, d.h. K{sub II}=K{sub I}, dass bei Mode-II beanspruchten Rissen die plastischen Zonen groesser, aber die Differenzen in der Groesse der plastischen Zonen fuer die Zustaende ebener Spannung und ebener Dehnung kleiner sind als unter entsprechenden Mode-I-Beanspruchungen.

  9. Tests of Event Filter Configuration Software

    CERN Multimedia

    Wickens, F.J.

    TDAQ - Tests of Event Filter configuration software Within Trigger/DAQ a major consideration is how well the performance of the system components scale in going from the small set-ups used for development work to the final system with many hundreds of processors and links. In the case of the Event Filter, which makes the final stage of on-line event selection, plus on-line calibrations and monitoring, more than a thousand processors are envisaged. These processors will be divided into sub-farms, most will be remote from the detector and some could even be at institutes far from CERN. As part of the on-line system it is important that the software in the sub-farms can be reconfigured rapidly as runs start and stop, and that the system be fault tolerant. The flow of data inside a sub-farm involves many processes, for distribution and collection of results in addition to those for event processing itself. Supervision code written in Java has been developed to manage the processes within a cluster, with XML f...

  10. On-Line QRS Complex Detection Using Wavelet Filtering

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Szilagyi, L

    2001-01-01

    ...: first a wavelet transform filtering is applied to the signal, then QRS complex localization is performed using a maximum detection and peak classification algorithm The algorithm has been tested...

  11. On-Line Generation of 3D-Waves

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Frigaard, Peter

    1992-01-01

    The paper describes the technique of filtering white noise for on-line generation of 3D-waves on a small computer in the laboratory. The wave generation package is implemented and tested in the 3D-wave basin at the University of Aalborg.......The paper describes the technique of filtering white noise for on-line generation of 3D-waves on a small computer in the laboratory. The wave generation package is implemented and tested in the 3D-wave basin at the University of Aalborg....

  12. Ilse von zur Mühlen. Glanz und Elend. Mythos und Wirklichkeit der Herrenhäuser im Baltikum. Begleitpublikation zur gleichnahmigen Ausstellung des Ostpreußischen Landesmuseums und der Carl-Schirren-Gesellschaft e.V. / Anja Wilhelmi

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Wilhelmi, Anja, 1966-

    2014-01-01

    Arvustus: Mühlen, Ilse von zur. Glanz und Elend. Mythos und Wirklichkeit der Herrenhäuser im Baltikum. Begleitpublikation zur gleichnahmigen Ausstellung des Ostpreußischen Landesmuseums und der Carl-Schirren-Gesellschaft e.V. (1. Dezember 2012 bis 14. April 2013), Lindenberg i. Allgäu 2012

  13. Kurzskala zur Erfassung der Unternehmenskultur

    OpenAIRE

    Jöns, Ingela; Hodapp, Markus; Weiss, Katharina

    2005-01-01

    Die Kulturskala zur Erfassung der Unternehmenskultur (KUK) fokussiert auf die Einstufung der Kultur des eigenen Unternehmens und eines anderen Unternehmens durch die Mitarbeiter, wie dies z.B. im Fall von Fusionen von Bedeutung ist. Ihre vier Dimensionen (Strategie, Struktur, Führung und Zusammenarbeit) werden anhand eines bündigen Inventars von 15 Merkmalen erfasst. In einer Untersuchung bei drei Unternehmen der Chemie- und Energiebranche mit einer Gesamtstichprobe von n = 724 konnte gezeigt...

  14. Competitive Intelligence : Aufbau einer Informationsbasis und Entscheidungssystematik zur Definition strategischer Zielmärkte

    OpenAIRE

    Maffenbeier, Sina

    2010-01-01

    Im Rahmen der Globalisierung und des daraus resultierenden Wettbewerbs ist es für ein Unternehmen von zentraler Bedeutung, Wissen über die Wettbewerbssituation zu erhalten. Nicht nur zur Erschließung neuer Märkte, sondern auch zur Sicherung der Unternehmensexistenz ist eine Wettbewerbsanalyse unabdingbar. Konkurrenz- bzw. Wettbewerbsforschung wird überwiegend als „Competitive Intelligence“ bezeichnet. In diesem Sinne beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit mit einem Bereich von Compet...

  15. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in gases using ungated detection in combination with polarization filtering and online background correction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kiefer, J; Tröger, J W; Seeger, T; Leipertz, A; Li, B; Li, Z S; Aldén, M

    2010-01-01

    Quantitative and fast analysis of gas mixtures is an important task in the field of chemical, security and environmental analysis. In this paper we present a diagnostic approach based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A polarization filter in the signal collection system enables sufficient suppression of elastically scattered light which otherwise reduces the dynamic range of the measurement. Running the detector with a doubled repetition rate as compared to the laser online background correction is obtained. Quantitative measurements of molecular air components in synthetic, ambient and expiration air are performed and demonstrate the potential of the method. The detection limits for elemental oxygen and hydrogen are in the order of 15 ppm and 10 ppm, respectively

  16. Verbesserte Visualisierung der Koronararterien in MSCT-Daten mit direkter Vergleichbarkeit zur Angiographie

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lacalli, Christina; Jähne, Marion; Wesarg, Stefan

    In diesem Beitrag stellen wir neue, automatisierte Verfahren zur Visualisierung der Koronararterien einerseits und für eine direkte Vergleichbarkeit mit konventionellen Angiogrammen andererseits vor. Unser Ansatz umfasst Methoden für die automatische Extraktion des Herzens aus kontrastverstärkten CT-Daten, sowie für die Maskierung grosser kontrastmittelgefüllter Kavitäten des Herzens, um die Sichtbarkeit der Koronararterien bei der Darstellung mittels Volumenrendering zu verbessern. Zum direkten Vergleich mit konventionellen Angiographien wurde ein Verfahren zur automatischen Generierung von Projektionsansichten aus den CT-Daten entwickelt.

  17. Wege zur Entdeckung von Communities in Folksonomies

    OpenAIRE

    Jäschke, Robert; Hotho, Andreas; Schmitz, Christoph; Stumme, Gerd

    2006-01-01

    Ein wichtiger Baustein des neu entdeckten World Wide Web - des "Web 2.0" - stellen Folksonomies dar. In diesen Systemen können Benutzer gemeinsam Ressourcen verwalten und mit Schlagwörtern versehen. Die dadurch entstehenden begrifflichen Strukturen stellen ein interessantes Forschungsfeld dar. Dieser Artikel untersucht Ansätze und Wege zur Entdeckung und Strukturierung von Nutzergruppen ("Communities") in Folksonomies.

  18. Neuere Untersuchungen zur Prädiktion von EEG-Signalen bei Epilepsie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. Niederhöfer

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Seit einigen Jahren ist die Analyse von EEG-Signalen bei Epilepsie Gegenstand zahlreicher wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten; Zielvorstellung ist dabei die Entwicklung von Verfahren zur Erkennung eines möglichen Voranfallszustandes. Im Vordergrund steht beispielsweise die Approximation einer so genannten effektiven Korrelationsdimension, die Bestimmung der maximalen Lyapunov-Exponenten, Detektionsverfahren für Muster bei Zellularen Nichtlinearen Netzwerken, die Bestimmung der mittleren Phasenkohärenz und Verfahren zur nichtlinearen Prädiktion von EEG-Signalen. Trotz umfangreicher Bemühungen kann bis heute eine Erkennung von Anfallsvorboten mit einer Sensitivität und Spezifität, die eine automatisierte Anfallsvorhersage ermöglichen würde, noch nicht durchgeführt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden neue Ergebnisse zur Prädiktion von EEG-Signalen bei Epilepsie vorgestellt. Dabei werden Signale, welche mittels intrakranieller electrocorticographischer (ECoG und stereoelectroencephalographischer (SEEG Ableitungen registriert wurden, segmentweise analysiert. Unter der Annahme, dass sich Änderungen des Systems ,,Gehirn" als Änderungen im Prädiktor, d.h. in seinen Systemparametern widerspiegeln, könnte eine nähere Betrachtung der Prädiktoreigenschaften zu einer Erkennung von Anfallsvorboten führen.

  19. Bacillus licheniformis Contains Two More PerR-Like Proteins in Addition to PerR, Fur, and Zur Orthologues.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jung-Hoon Kim

    Full Text Available The ferric uptake regulator (Fur family proteins include sensors of Fe (Fur, Zn (Zur, and peroxide (PerR. Among Fur family proteins, Fur and Zur are ubiquitous in most prokaryotic organisms, whereas PerR exists mainly in Gram positive bacteria as a functional homologue of OxyR. Gram positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus encode three Fur family proteins: Fur, Zur, and PerR. In this study, we identified five Fur family proteins from B. licheniformis: two novel PerR-like proteins (BL00690 and BL00950 in addition to Fur (BL05249, Zur (BL03703, and PerR (BL00075 homologues. Our data indicate that all of the five B. licheniformis Fur homologues contain a structural Zn2+ site composed of four cysteine residues like many other Fur family proteins. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the PerR-like proteins (BL00690 and BL00950 as well as PerRBL (BL00075, but not FurBL (BL05249 and ZurBL (BL03703, can sense H2O2 by histidine oxidation with different sensitivity. We also show that PerR2 (BL00690 has a PerR-like repressor activity for PerR-regulated genes in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that B. licheniformis contains three PerR subfamily proteins which can sense H2O2 by histidine oxidation not by cysteine oxidation, in addition to Fur and Zur.

  20. Bacillus licheniformis Contains Two More PerR-Like Proteins in Addition to PerR, Fur, and Zur Orthologues

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ju, Shin-Yeong; Yang, Yoon-Mo; Ryu, Su-Hyun; Kwon, Yumi; Won, Young-Bin; Lee, Yeh-Eun; Youn, Hwan; Lee, Jin-Won

    2016-01-01

    The ferric uptake regulator (Fur) family proteins include sensors of Fe (Fur), Zn (Zur), and peroxide (PerR). Among Fur family proteins, Fur and Zur are ubiquitous in most prokaryotic organisms, whereas PerR exists mainly in Gram positive bacteria as a functional homologue of OxyR. Gram positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus encode three Fur family proteins: Fur, Zur, and PerR. In this study, we identified five Fur family proteins from B. licheniformis: two novel PerR-like proteins (BL00690 and BL00950) in addition to Fur (BL05249), Zur (BL03703), and PerR (BL00075) homologues. Our data indicate that all of the five B. licheniformis Fur homologues contain a structural Zn2+ site composed of four cysteine residues like many other Fur family proteins. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the PerR-like proteins (BL00690 and BL00950) as well as PerRBL (BL00075), but not FurBL (BL05249) and ZurBL (BL03703), can sense H2O2 by histidine oxidation with different sensitivity. We also show that PerR2 (BL00690) has a PerR-like repressor activity for PerR-regulated genes in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that B. licheniformis contains three PerR subfamily proteins which can sense H2O2 by histidine oxidation not by cysteine oxidation, in addition to Fur and Zur. PMID:27176811

  1. Process for the manufacture of a filter material for cleaning industrial or internal combustion engine exhaust gases and filter material manufactured according to the process. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Filterstoffes zur Reinigung von industriellen oder Brennkraftmaschinen-Abgasen und ein hiernach hergestellter Filterstoff

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bumbalek, A.

    1986-01-02

    This is a process for the manufacture of a filter material for cleaning industrial or internal combustion engine exhaust gases and filter material manufactured according to the process. The filter material is manufactured from the mineralized combustion product of peel of tropical fruits burnt at a temperature of 820/sup 0/C to 840/sup 0/C in an oxidising atmosphere excluding the production of carbon, particularly using banana skins and orange peels, which product is granulated with carrier materials or compressed.

  2. Von der Medienwirkungsbehauptung zur erziehungswissenschaftlichen Medienrezeptionsforschung. Vorschlag zur Analyse von Filmkommunikaten

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Barbara Drinck

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available Im Hinblick auf die Erforschung spezifischer Zusammenhänge von Medienkonsum und der Herausbildung von Einstellungen und Handlungen wird eine konstruktivistische Theorieorientierung plausibilisiert, indem zunächst auf den Stand der Medienwirkungsforschung eingegangen und vor dem Hintergrund einer begründeten Kritik des Wirkungsverständnisses auf die Notwendigkeit einer medienrezeptionswissenschaftlichen Forschungsalternative hingewiesen wird. Weiterhin wird der Stand der (erziehungswissenschaftlichen Medienrezeptionsforschung erörtert. Sodann werden Elemente einer konstruktivistischen Methodologie von Medienrezeptionsforschung beschrieben, die am Beispiel der Rezeption von Filmen konkretisiert werden. Dabei wird das Konzept des Kommunikates (S.J. Schmidt als Ausgangspunkt genommen, ein Vorschlag für eine Beschreibungssprache für (Film- Kommunikate entwickelt und eine Adaption des Ansatzes filmischer Narration zur Sprache gebracht.

  3. Verfahren zur genbasierten Diagnose eines Legasthenierisikos

    OpenAIRE

    Wilcke, Arndt; Ahnert, Peter; Kirsten, Holger; Ligges, Carolin; Boltze, Johannes

    2016-01-01

    Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Diagnose eines Legasthenierisikos, umfassend die Schritte: a) Bereitstellung einer Nukleinsäure beinhaltenden Probe von einem zu diagnostizierenden Menschen, b) Bestimmung des Genotyps der Nukleinsäure der Probe für mindestens eine chromosomale Region, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus der Region von Nukleotid 12091000 bis 12200000 des Chromosoms 1, der Region von Nukleotid 89066000 bis 89088000 des Chromosoms 15, der Region von Nukle...

  4. Implicit Kalman filter algorithm for nuclear reactor analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hassberger, J.A.; Lee, J.C.

    1986-01-01

    Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently the hot topic in nuclear power plant diagnostics and control. Recently, researchers have considered the use of simulation as knowledge in which faster than real-time best-estimate simulations based on first principles are tightly coupled with AI systems for analyzing power plant transients on-line. On-line simulations can be improved through a Kalman filter, a mathematical technique for obtaining the optimal estimate of a system state given the information contained in the equations of system dynamics and measurements made on the system. Filtering can be used to systemically adjust parameters of a low-order simulation model to obtain reasonable agreement between the model and actual plant dynamics. The authors present here a general Kalman filtering algorithm that derives its information of system dynamics implicitly and naturally from the discrete time step-series of state estimates available from a simulation program. Previous research has demonstrated that models adjusted on past data can be coupled with an intelligent controller to predict the future time-course of plant transients

  5. Adaptive Spatial Filter Based on Similarity Indices to Preserve the Neural Information on EEG Signals during On-Line Processing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denis Delisle-Rodriguez

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available This work presents a new on-line adaptive filter, which is based on a similarity analysis between standard electrode locations, in order to reduce artifacts and common interferences throughout electroencephalography (EEG signals, but preserving the useful information. Standard deviation and Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC between target electrodes and its correspondent neighbor electrodes are analyzed on sliding windows to select those neighbors that are highly correlated. Afterwards, a model based on CCC is applied to provide higher values of weight to those correlated electrodes with lower similarity to the target electrode. The approach was applied to brain computer-interfaces (BCIs based on Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA to recognize 40 targets of steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP, providing an accuracy (ACC of 86.44 ± 2.81%. In addition, also using this approach, features of low frequency were selected in the pre-processing stage of another BCI to recognize gait planning. In this case, the recognition was significantly ( p < 0.01 improved for most of the subjects ( A C C ≥ 74.79 % , when compared with other BCIs based on Common Spatial Pattern, Filter Bank-Common Spatial Pattern, and Riemannian Geometry.

  6. Automating "Word of Mouth" to Recommend Classes to Students: An Application of Social Information Filtering Algorithms

    Science.gov (United States)

    Booker, Queen Esther

    2009-01-01

    An approach used to tackle the problem of helping online students find the classes they want and need is a filtering technique called "social information filtering," a general approach to personalized information filtering. Social information filtering essentially automates the process of "word-of-mouth" recommendations: items are recommended to a…

  7. Review: Holger Stoecker: Afrikawissenschaften in Berlin von 1919 bis 1945. Zur Geschichte und Topographie eines wissenschaftlichen Netzwerkes (2008 Buchbesprechung: Holger Stoecker: Afrikawissenschaften in Berlin von 1919 bis 1945. Zur Geschichte und Topographie eines wissenschaftlichen Netzwerkes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katrin Bromber

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available Review of the monograph: Holger Stoecker: Afrikawissenschaften in Berlin von 1919 bis 1945. Zur Geschichte und Topographie eines wissenschaftlichen Netzwerkes, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2008, ISBN 978-3-515-09161-9, 359 pages. Besprechung der Monographie: Holger Stoecker: Afrikawissenschaften in Berlin von 1919 bis 1945. Zur Geschichte und Topographie eines wissenschaftlichen Netzwerkes, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2008, ISBN 978-3-515-09161-9, 359 Seiten.

  8. Wässrige Nanosuspensionen zur pulmonalen Applikation

    OpenAIRE

    Scherließ, Holger

    2008-01-01

    Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Entwicklung einer Nanosuspensionsformulierung zur inhalativen Anwendung mit dem schwerlöslichen Antimykotikum Itraconazol untersucht. Viele der neu entwickelten pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffe sind nach der Arzneibuchdefinition als schwerlöslich, sehr schwer löslich oder gar praktisch unlöslich einzuteilen. Das bedingt in der Praxis häufig Probleme in der Bioverfügbarkeit und stellt eine große Herausforderung für die Galenik dar. Die Herstellung der Nan...

  9. Online event filtering in the JADE data acquisition system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mills, H.E.

    1986-01-01

    The data acquisition system developed for the JADE experiment at PETRA, DESY includes the facility to use software to filter out background events. The design, implementation, testing and experience gained are discussed. (orig.)

  10. Ein Beitrag zur Erweiterung von Beamforming-Methoden

    OpenAIRE

    Kern, Marcus

    2008-01-01

    Im automobilen Entwicklungsprozess haben sich akustische Messsysteme etabliert, die mit einer Anordnung von Mikrofonen, einer optischen Kamera und einer nachgeschalteten Signalverarbeitung die Schalleinfallsrichtung detektieren und dadurch die Schalldruckverteilung auf Quellorte im Fernfeld zurückrechnen und visualisieren können. Die Signalverarbeitung beruht i. A. auf dem Delay&Sum-Beamforming, deren Umsetzung im Zeit- oder Frequenzbereich erfolgt. Die Schwächen dieser Messtechnik bezüglich ...

  11. Prüfungen zur Beurteilung der Brandgefahr; Anleitung für die Aufstellung von Anforderungen und Prüfbestimmungen zur Beurteilung der Brandgefahr von elektrotechnischen Erzeugnissen; 1-2: Anleitung für Bauelemente der Elektronik; Identisch mit IEC 60695-1-2, Ausgabe 1982

    CERN Document Server

    Deutsches Institut für Normung. Berlin

    1986-01-01

    Prüfungen zur Beurteilung der Brandgefahr; Anleitung für die Aufstellung von Anforderungen und Prüfbestimmungen zur Beurteilung der Brandgefahr von elektrotechnischen Erzeugnissen; 1-2: Anleitung für Bauelemente der Elektronik; Identisch mit IEC 60695-1-2, Ausgabe 1982

  12. Von neuen Geschäftsideen zur gelebten Digitalisierung in Utility 4.0 - das Integrierte Geschäftsmodell

    Science.gov (United States)

    Doleski, Oliver D.

    Die Energiewirtschaft benötigt neue, digitale Geschäftsmodelle. Gegenwärtig folgt auf Liberalisierung und Energiewende die nächste Stufe einer weitreichenden Bereinigung des Versorgungsmarktes. Digitalisierung und Dezentralisierung sind heute in aller Munde und verlangen nach neuen Produkten und Dienstleistungen. Dabei wirken die immensen Herausforderungen einer digitalen Energiewelt wie Beschleuniger für die Transformation im Versorgungssektor und tragen damit zur breiten Etablierung von Utilities 4.0 bei. Dieser Entwicklungsprozess vollzieht sich mithilfe unterschiedlicher Methoden zur Realisierung neuer Geschäftsideen. Allerdings greifen die gängigen Konzepte zur Entwicklung von Geschäftsmodellen gerade im Hinblick auf die Berücksichtigung komplexer, unbeständiger Rahmenbedingungen und spezifischer Anforderungen der digitalen Energiewelt mitunter zu kurz. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird das auf dem ganzheitlichen St. Galler Management-Konzept beruhende Integrierte Geschäftsmodell iOcTen als geeignetes Instrumentarium zur Geschäftsmodellentwicklung vorgestellt. Neben der Modellbeschreibung unterstützt ein intuitiv verständlicher Leitfaden den Praktiker bei der Transformation vom klassischen Versorgungsunternehmen zum digitalen Energiedienstleistungsunternehmen.

  13. Online Speech/Music Segmentation Based on the Variance Mean of Filter Bank Energy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zdravko Kačič

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents a novel feature for online speech/music segmentation based on the variance mean of filter bank energy (VMFBE. The idea that encouraged the feature's construction is energy variation in a narrow frequency sub-band. The energy varies more rapidly, and to a greater extent for speech than for music. Therefore, an energy variance in such a sub-band is greater for speech than for music. The radio broadcast database and the BNSI broadcast news database were used for feature discrimination and segmentation ability evaluation. The calculation procedure of the VMFBE feature has 4 out of 6 steps in common with the MFCC feature calculation procedure. Therefore, it is a very convenient speech/music discriminator for use in real-time automatic speech recognition systems based on MFCC features, because valuable processing time can be saved, and computation load is only slightly increased. Analysis of the feature's speech/music discriminative ability shows an average error rate below 10% for radio broadcast material and it outperforms other features used for comparison, by more than 8%. The proposed feature as a stand-alone speech/music discriminator in a segmentation system achieves an overall accuracy of over 94% on radio broadcast material.

  14. Online Speech/Music Segmentation Based on the Variance Mean of Filter Bank Energy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kos, Marko; Grašič, Matej; Kačič, Zdravko

    2009-12-01

    This paper presents a novel feature for online speech/music segmentation based on the variance mean of filter bank energy (VMFBE). The idea that encouraged the feature's construction is energy variation in a narrow frequency sub-band. The energy varies more rapidly, and to a greater extent for speech than for music. Therefore, an energy variance in such a sub-band is greater for speech than for music. The radio broadcast database and the BNSI broadcast news database were used for feature discrimination and segmentation ability evaluation. The calculation procedure of the VMFBE feature has 4 out of 6 steps in common with the MFCC feature calculation procedure. Therefore, it is a very convenient speech/music discriminator for use in real-time automatic speech recognition systems based on MFCC features, because valuable processing time can be saved, and computation load is only slightly increased. Analysis of the feature's speech/music discriminative ability shows an average error rate below 10% for radio broadcast material and it outperforms other features used for comparison, by more than 8%. The proposed feature as a stand-alone speech/music discriminator in a segmentation system achieves an overall accuracy of over 94% on radio broadcast material.

  15. On the way to business intelligence - Modern IT solutions for the liberalized energy market; Auf dem Weg zur Business Intelligence - moderne IT-Loesungen fuer den liberalisierten Energiemarkt

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hecker, W.; Kraus, M. [Gedos mbH, Wuerzburg (Germany). Div. Plan/Build

    2000-04-17

    The rapid change in the energy sector from a seller's market to a buyer's market shifted the focus to customer relationship management as a priority task of management. Any professional CRM system requires as a basic step a new corporate approach, abandoning departmental thinking for a holistic, process-oriented corporate management concept, which in turn has to rely on efficient marketing and sales information systems offering to staff members online access to the relevant information about customers and their needs. As for industrial or commercial buyers for example, such a database has to show the companies' demand profiles, information on plant and equipment as well as the processes, contracts, and orders. (orig./CB) [German] Der schnelle Wandel der Energieversorgung vom Angebots- zum Kaeufermarkt stellt den Kunden in den Mittelpunkt aller Bemuehungen. Hier setzt Customer Relationship Management (CRM) ein. Die Basis fuer ein professionelles CRM schaffen neben einer grundlegenden Abkehr vom Abteilungsdenken zur Prozessorientierung leistungsstarke Vertriebsinformationssysteme, die aufgabenorientiert jedem Mitarbeiter den Zugriff auf alle relevanten Informationen ueber den Kunden ermoeglichen. Im Industrie- und Gewerbekundenbereich sollten z.B. Unternehmens- und Lastprofil, Angaben zur Betriebsausstattung und -prozessen, Vertraege und Auftraege verfuegbar sein. (orig.)

  16. Altautoverwertung zwischen Staat und Markt: Bedingungen und Potentiale zur Modernisierung von Lagerhaltung und Marketing gebrauchter Autoteile

    OpenAIRE

    Lucas, Rainer

    2000-01-01

    Das Arbeitspapier diskutiert vor dem Hintergrund veränderter gesetzlicher Rahmen-und Wettbewerbsbedingungen in der Autoverwertung Ziele und Maßnahmen zurStärkung kleiner und mittelständischer Verwertungsbetriebe. Der Bereich GebrauchteAutoteile wird im Rahmen eines regionalen Fallbeispiels einer tiefergehenden Analyseunterzogen. Hieraus werden Vorschläge zur regionalen Netzwerkbildung innerhalb derBranche und neue Dienstleistungsperspektiven abgeleitet. Ein wesentliches Koope-rationsfeld ist ...

  17. Managing Trust in Online Social Networks

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bhuiyan, Touhid; Josang, Audun; Xu, Yue

    In recent years, there is a dramatic growth in number and popularity of online social networks. There are many networks available with more than 100 million registered users such as Facebook, MySpace, QZone, Windows Live Spaces etc. People may connect, discover and share by using these online social networks. The exponential growth of online communities in the area of social networks attracts the attention of the researchers about the importance of managing trust in online environment. Users of the online social networks may share their experiences and opinions within the networks about an item which may be a product or service. The user faces the problem of evaluating trust in a service or service provider before making a choice. Recommendations may be received through a chain of friends network, so the problem for the user is to be able to evaluate various types of trust opinions and recommendations. This opinion or recommendation has a great influence to choose to use or enjoy the item by the other user of the community. Collaborative filtering system is the most popular method in recommender system. The task in collaborative filtering is to predict the utility of items to a particular user based on a database of user rates from a sample or population of other users. Because of the different taste of different people, they rate differently according to their subjective taste. If two people rate a set of items similarly, they share similar tastes. In the recommender system, this information is used to recommend items that one participant likes, to other persons in the same cluster. But the collaborative filtering system performs poor when there is insufficient previous common rating available between users; commonly known as cost start problem. To overcome the cold start problem and with the dramatic growth of online social networks, trust based approach to recommendation has emerged. This approach assumes a trust network among users and makes recommendations

  18. Models for settlement prediction of structures in opencast dumps; Modelle zur Setzungsprognose von Bauwerken auf Tagebaukippen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Birle, E.; Vogt, S. [Technische Univ. Muenchen (Germany). Zentrum Geotechnik

    2016-05-01

    For construction projects at opencast dumps e.g. for planning of traffic routes or individual buildings a prognosis of dump subsicence after the establishment of the structures is required. It should be noted that on dump surfaces time-dependent subsidence are observed which can change by construction activities at the dump surface. As tools for describing the dump subsidence phenomenological models that have been developed based on the evaluation of dump characteristic subsidence and allow a one-dimensional analysis of creep deformation and visco-elastoplastic material models within the finite element method for analyzing complex geometric boundary conditions. [German] Fuer Baumassnahmen auf Tagebaukippen beispielsweise zur Planung von Verkehrswegen oder einzelnen Bauwerken ist eine Prognose der Kippensetzungen nach Errichtung der Bauwerke erforderlich. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass auf Kippenoberflaechen ausgepraegte zeitabhaengige Setzungen beobachtet werden, die sich durch Baumassnahmen an der Kippenoberflaeche aendern koennen. Als Werkzeuge zur Beschreibung der Kippensetzungen stehen prinzipiell phaenomenologische Modelle, die auf Basis der Auswertung von Kippeneigensetzungen entwickelt wurden und die eine ein-dimensionale Analyse der Kriechverformungen zulassen sowie visko-elastoplastische Stoffmodelle im Rahmen der FiniteElemente- Methode zur Analyse komplexer geometrischer Randbedingungen zur Verfuegung. In Abhaengigkeit vom Randwertproblem ist zu entscheiden, welches der Modelle zur Beschreibung der Kippensetzungen heranzuziehen ist. Mit phaenomenologischen Kriechmodellen und einer ein-dimensionalen Analyse der Verformungen koennen die sich nach Ende der Verkippung einstellenden Kippensetzungen in der Regel genuegend genau beschrieben werden, sofern an der Kippenoberflaeche keine signifikanten Spannungsaenderungen infolge von Baumassnahmen eingetragen werden. Kommt es dagegen zu Spannungsaenderungen, beispielsweise durch die Errichtung eines hohen

  19. Präanalytik zur HCMV-Diagnostik

    OpenAIRE

    Travers-Podmaniczky, Gabrielle

    2011-01-01

    Die kongenitale HCMV-Infektion ist der wichtigste Auslöser geistiger Retardierung viraler Genese und ist für die meisten neurosensorischen Hörstörungen nicht genetischen Ursprunges verantwortlich. Die Entwicklung neuer Strategien zur Prävention der HCMV-Infektion bei Neugeborenen ist also von höchster Dringlichkeit. Die Einführung von universellen Screeningprogrammen bei Neugeborenen könnte die frühzeitige Erkennung einer Infektion und somit einen frühen therapeutischen Einsatz ermöglichen. U...

  20. Untersuchungen zur Genauigkeit digitaler intraoraler Scans

    OpenAIRE

    Benedickt, Christopher Roland

    2017-01-01

    Ziel der hier vorliegenden In-vitro-Studie war es, zu untersuchen, ob es bei digitalen int-raoralen Scans zu Verzerrungen, Streckungen, Stauchungen, Verdrillungen oder Biegun-gen, kommt. Als Prüfmodell diente ein vollbezahntes Oberkiefermodell aus einer Chrom-Kobalt-Molybdän-Legierung. Auf diesem waren die Zähne 11, 15, 24 und 26 zur Auf-nahme eines Veneers, einer Vollkrone, eines Inlays präpariert, und auf inzisalen bezie-hungsweise okklusalen Mulden der Zähne 13, 23, 17 und 27 waren Metallk...

  1. Online remote radiological monitoring during operation of Advance Vitrification System (AVS), Tarapur

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Deokar, U.V.; Kulkarni, V.V.; Mathew, P.; Khot, A.R.; Singh, K.K.; Kamlesh; Deshpande, M.D.; Kulkarni, Y.

    2010-01-01

    Advanced Vitrification System (AVS) is commissioned for vitrification of high level waste (HLW) by using Joule heated ceramic melter first time in India. The HLW is generated in fuel reprocessing plant. For radiological surveillance of plant, Health Physics Unit (HPU) had installed 37 Area Gamma Monitors (AGM), 7 Continuous Air Monitors (CAM) and all types of personal contamination monitors. Exposure control is a major concern in operating plant. Therefore in addition to installed monitors, we have developed online remote radiation monitoring system to minimize exposures to the surveyor and operator. This also helped in volume reduction of secondary waste. The reliability and accuracy of the online monitoring system is confirmed by calibrating the system by comparing TLD and DRD readings and by theoretical analysis. In addition some modifications were carried in HP instruments to make them user friendly. This paper summarizes different kinds of remote radiological monitoring systems installed for online monitoring of Melter off Gas (MOG) filter, Hood filter, three exhaust filter banks, annulus air sampling and over pack monitoring in AVS. Our online remote monitoring system has helped the plant management to plan in advance for replacement of these filters, which resulted in considerable saving of collective dose. (author)

  2. Sie lebt! Zur Verbraucherforschung im deutschsprachigen Raum

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Oehler, Andreas; Reisch, Lucia

    2012-01-01

    jeweils eine existierende Aktivität; eine deutliche Lücke, die es zu schließen gilt (Wachstumsfelder der Verbraucherforschung). Zur Finanzierung der Verbraucherforschung ergibt sich der deutliche Befund, dass mit weitem Abstand die „Bordmittel“ der jeweiligen Professur bzw. des jeweiligen Lehrstuhls als...... oder des BMELV darauf hindeuten, dass die Verbraucherforschung zunehmend als wichtiges Element oder gar als Voraussetzung für eine fundierte moderne Verbraucherpolitik gesehen wird....

  3. Wohnquartiersbeschreibung: ein Instrument zur Regionalisierung von Nachbarschaften

    OpenAIRE

    Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, Jürgen H. P.

    2001-01-01

    'Ausgehend von der Annahme, daß soziale Differenzierung sich in räumlicher Differenzierung niederschlägt, bietet eine Beschreibung der Struktur des näheren Wohnumfeldes die Möglichkeit, das Wohnquartier als Handlungsraum und Sozialisationsinstanz zur Interpretation von Umfragedaten zu nutzen. Das vorliegende Instrumentarium erlaubt es, das Wohnquartier unabhängig von Zensusdaten über Merkmale, die in der eigenen Umfrage erhoben werden, zu charakterisieren.' (Autorenreferat) 'The general hy...

  4. Linear theory for filtering nonlinear multiscale systems with model error.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Berry, Tyrus; Harlim, John

    2014-07-08

    In this paper, we study filtering of multiscale dynamical systems with model error arising from limitations in resolving the smaller scale processes. In particular, the analysis assumes the availability of continuous-time noisy observations of all components of the slow variables. Mathematically, this paper presents new results on higher order asymptotic expansion of the first two moments of a conditional measure. In particular, we are interested in the application of filtering multiscale problems in which the conditional distribution is defined over the slow variables, given noisy observation of the slow variables alone. From the mathematical analysis, we learn that for a continuous time linear model with Gaussian noise, there exists a unique choice of parameters in a linear reduced model for the slow variables which gives the optimal filtering when only the slow variables are observed. Moreover, these parameters simultaneously give the optimal equilibrium statistical estimates of the underlying system, and as a consequence they can be estimated offline from the equilibrium statistics of the true signal. By examining a nonlinear test model, we show that the linear theory extends in this non-Gaussian, nonlinear configuration as long as we know the optimal stochastic parametrization and the correct observation model. However, when the stochastic parametrization model is inappropriate, parameters chosen for good filter performance may give poor equilibrium statistical estimates and vice versa; this finding is based on analytical and numerical results on our nonlinear test model and the two-layer Lorenz-96 model. Finally, even when the correct stochastic ansatz is given, it is imperative to estimate the parameters simultaneously and to account for the nonlinear feedback of the stochastic parameters into the reduced filter estimates. In numerical experiments on the two-layer Lorenz-96 model, we find that the parameters estimated online , as part of a filtering

  5. Medienkompetenz und E-Portfolios für die Sekundarstufe I – ein Weg zur Medienbildung

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bernhard Ertl

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Medienkompetenz und digital literacy gehören inzwischen zu den Schlüsselkompetenzen und sind ein Teil der Medienbildung von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Medienbildung und/oder die dazu gehörigen Kompetenzen werden jedoch in Lehrplänen oft unterschiedlich verortet und definiert. Hierbei stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit kompetenzorientiertes Lernen den Ansprüchen an Medienbildung gerecht wird bzw. zur Medienbildung beitragen kann. Das Projekt EUfolio implementiert E-Portfolios in verschiedenen europäischen Klassen der Sekundarstufe I und realisiert dabei einen integrativen, fächerübergreifenden Ansatz. Dieser zielt primär auf den Erwerb von Schlüsselqualifikationen, kann jedoch implizit, etwa im Rahmen des reflektierenden Lernens mit E-Portfolios, zur Medienbildung beitragen. Der Artikel charakterisiert die Konzepte der Medienkompetenz und Medienbildung und diskutiert auf Basis des Projekts Eufolio, wie kompetenzorientiertes Lernen mit E-Portfolios einen Beitrag zur Medienbildung leisten kann.

  6. Online Identification with Reliability Criterion and State of Charge Estimation Based on a Fuzzy Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter for Lithium-Ion Batteries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhongwei Deng

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available In the field of state of charge (SOC estimation, the Kalman filter has been widely used for many years, although its performance strongly depends on the accuracy of the battery model as well as the noise covariance. The Kalman gain determines the confidence coefficient of the battery model by adjusting the weight of open circuit voltage (OCV correction, and has a strong correlation with the measurement noise covariance (R. In this paper, the online identification method is applied to acquire the real model parameters under different operation conditions. A criterion based on the OCV error is proposed to evaluate the reliability of online parameters. Besides, the equivalent circuit model produces an intrinsic model error which is dependent on the load current, and the property that a high battery current or a large current change induces a large model error can be observed. Based on the above prior knowledge, a fuzzy model is established to compensate the model error through updating R. Combining the positive strategy (i.e., online identification and negative strategy (i.e., fuzzy model, a more reliable and robust SOC estimation algorithm is proposed. The experiment results verify the proposed reliability criterion and SOC estimation method under various conditions for LiFePO4 batteries.

  7. S2k-Leitlinie zum Gebrauch von Präparationen zur lokalen Anwendung auf der Haut (Topika).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wohlrab, Johannes; Staubach, Petra; Augustin, Matthias; Eisert, Lisa; Hünerbein, Andreas; Nast, Alexander; Reimann, Holger; Strömer, Klaus; Mahler, Vera

    2018-03-01

    Diese Leitlinie richtet sich an Assistenz- und Fachärzte der Dermatologie sowie an Kostenträger und politische Entscheidungsgremien. Die Leitlinie wurde im formellen Konsensusverfahren (S2k) von Dermatologen unter Einbindung von Apothekern erstellt. Die Leitlinie stellt allgemeine Aspekte der Pharmakokinetik sowie der regulatorischen Begrifflichkeiten dar. Es werden Empfehlungen zur Indikation von Magistralrezepturen sowie deren Qualitätssicherung gegeben. Die Bedeutung der galenischen Grundlagen und die Problematik bei einer Substitution gegeneinander verschiedener Grundlagen werden dargestellt. Die Leitlinie umfasst Kriterien zur Auswahl einer adäquaten Grundlage sowie spezifische Aspekte zur Therapieplanung. Die Leitlinie gibt Empfehlungen zum Management bei Unverträglichkeiten gegenüber Bestandteilen der Grundlagen oder Hilfsstoffe. © 2018 The Authors | Journal compilation © Blackwell Verlag GmbH, Berlin.

  8. Detection of illicit online sales of fentanyls via Twitter.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mackey, Tim K; Kalyanam, Janani

    2017-01-01

    A counterfeit fentanyl crisis is currently underway in the United States.  Counterfeit versions of commonly abused prescription drugs laced with fentanyl are being manufactured, distributed, and sold globally, leading to an increase in overdose and death in countries like the United States and Canada.  Despite concerns from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency regarding covert and overt sale of fentanyls online, no study has examined the role of the Internet and social media on fentanyl illegal marketing and direct-to-consumer access.  In response, this study collected and analyzed five months of Twitter data (from June-November 2015) filtered for the keyword "fentanyl" using Amazon Web Services.  We then analyzed 28,711 fentanyl-related tweets using text filtering and a machine learning approach called a Biterm Topic Model (BTM) to detect underlying latent patterns or "topics" present in the corpus of tweets.  Using this approach we detected a subset of 771 tweets marketing the sale of fentanyls online and then filtered this down to nine unique tweets containing hyperlinks to external websites.  Six hyperlinks were associated with online fentanyl classified ads, 2 with illicit online pharmacies, and 1 could not be classified due to traffic redirection.  Importantly, the one illicit online pharmacy detected was still accessible and offered the sale of fentanyls and other controlled substances direct-to-consumers with no prescription required at the time of publication of this study.   Overall, we detected a relatively small sample of Tweets promoting illegal online sale of fentanyls.  However, the detection of even a few online sellers represents a public health danger and a direct violation of law that demands further study.

  9. Pflicht zur Prüfung der Existenz des Internen Kontrollsystems: Bestandesaufnahme zur Steuerung und Kontrolle mittelgrosser Unternehmen in der Schweiz

    OpenAIRE

    Ruud, T F; Isufi, S; Friebe, P

    2008-01-01

    Die Pflicht zur Prüfung der Existenz des internen Kontrollsystems betrifft auch etliche mittelgrosse Unternehmen. Im Rahmen einer Umfrage haben das Institut für Rechnungswesen und Controlling der Universität Zürich und PricewaterhouseCoopers bei diesen Unternehmen eine Bestandesaufnahme zu Kontroll- und Prüfungsaktivitäten durchgeführt. Nachstehend werden die Ergebnisse der Umfrage zum internen Kontrollsystem präsentiert.

  10. Strategien zur HLA-Typisierung mit PyrosequencingTM

    OpenAIRE

    Entz, Patricia

    2006-01-01

    Der Haupthistokompatibilitätskomplex ist durch seine biologische Funktion eine für die Diagnostik und Forschung äußerst wichtige Region im humanen Genom. Die Untersuchung von HLA-Genorten stellt ein wichtiges Instrument in der molekulargenetischen Praxis dar. Die Pyrosequencing-Technik ist gut geeignet, um kurze DNA-Abschnitte mit weitgehend bekannter Sequenz schnell und effizient zu untersuchen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Entwicklung von Pyrosequencing-basierten Methoden zur HLA-Typisierung....

  11. Migrating an Online Service to WAP - A Case Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Klasen, Lars

    2002-01-01

    Discusses mobile access via wireless application protocol (WAP) to online services that is offered in Sweden through InfoTorg. Topics include the Swedish online market; filtering HTML data from an Internet/Web server into WML (wireless markup language); mobile phone technology; microbrowsers; WAP protocol; and future possibilities. (LRW)

  12. Comparison of three nonlinear filters for fault detection in continuous glucose monitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mahmoudi, Zeinab; Wendt, Sabrina Lyngbye; Boiroux, Dimitri; Hagdrup, Morten; Norgaard, Kirsten; Poulsen, Niels Kjolstad; Madsen, Henrik; Jorgensen, John Bagterp

    2016-08-01

    The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of three nonlinear filters in online drift detection of continuous glucose monitors. The nonlinear filters are the extended Kalman filter (EKF), the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), and the particle filter (PF). They are all based on a nonlinear model of the glucose-insulin dynamics in people with type 1 diabetes. Drift is modelled by a Gaussian random walk and is detected based on the statistical tests of the 90-min prediction residuals of the filters. The unscented Kalman filter had the highest average F score of 85.9%, and the smallest average detection delay of 84.1%, with the average detection sensitivity of 82.6%, and average specificity of 91.0%.

  13. Enantioselektivität und Isotopendiskriminierung - Zur Analytik von 1,2-Propandiol und 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanon (Furaneol)

    OpenAIRE

    Hartlieb, Ariane

    2009-01-01

    Aussagekräftige Methoden zur Authentizitätsbewertung sind unerlässlich, um so-wohl einen fairen Handel als auch das Vertrauen der Verbraucher in die Qualität von Lebensmitteln zu gewährleisten. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, anhand der Parameter 'Enantioselektivität' und 'Iso-topendiskriminierung' Methoden zur Authentizitätskontrolle von Schaumweinen und Erdbeeren, beides Produkte mit einem vergleichsweise hohen Handelswert, zur Verfügung zu stellen. Um unmittelbare Anwendbarkeit in der Praxi...

  14. Logfile-Analysen zur Evaluation der didaktischen Einbettung von CSCL-Systemen - am Beispiel der CommSy-Nutzung in offenen Seminaren

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martin Klein

    2005-02-01

    Full Text Available In unserem Beitrag evaluieren wir die didaktische Einbettung einer CSCL-Anwendung anhand von Logfile-Analysen. Dazu betrachten wir exemplarisch die Nutzung des webbasierten Systems CommSy in einer projektorientierten Lehrveranstaltung, die wir als offenes Seminar charakterisieren. Wir erzielen zwei Ergebnisse: (1 Wir geben Hinweise zur Gestaltung des Nutzungskontexts eines CSCL-Systems sowie zur Unterstützung seiner anfänglichen und kontinuierlichen Nutzung. (2 Wir beschreiben die Analyse von Nutzungsanlässen und -mustern sowie von NutzerInnentypen anhand von Logfiles. Dabei können Logfile-Analysen zur Validierung weiterer Evaluationsergebnisse dienen, sind selbst jedoch nur in Kombination mit zusätzlichen Informationen zum Nutzungskontext interpretierbar.

  15. Der gläserne Aschenbecher - oder - Zur Verallgemeinerung des Eulerschen Polyedersatzes

    OpenAIRE

    Gallin, P

    2009-01-01

    Eine Diskussion unter Mathematikern im Lehrerzimmer einer Kantonsschule führt zusammen mit Beiträgen der Schülerinnen und Schüler unversehens zu topologischen Einsichten, die normalerweise im Gymnasium nicht zur Sprache kommen.

  16. Assessment and evaluation of ceramic filter cleaning techniques: Task Order 19

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chen, H.; Zaharchuk, R.; Harbaugh, L.B.; Klett, M.

    1994-10-01

    The objective of this study was to assess and evaluate the effectiveness, appropriateness and economics of ceramic barrier filter cleaning techniques used for high-temperature and high-pressure particulate filtration. Three potential filter cleaning techniques were evaluated. These techniques include, conventional on-line pulse driven reverse gas filter cleaning, off-line reverse gas filter cleaning and a novel rapid pulse driven filter cleaning. These three ceramic filter cleaning techniques are either presently employed, or being considered for use, in the filtration of coal derived gas streams (combustion or gasification) under high-temperature high-pressure conditions. This study was divided into six subtasks: first principle analysis of ceramic barrier filter cleaning mechanisms; operational values for parameters identified with the filter cleaning mechanisms; evaluation and identification of potential ceramic filter cleaning techniques; development of conceptual designs for ceramic barrier filter systems and ceramic barrier filter cleaning systems for two DOE specified power plants; evaluation of ceramic barrier filter system cleaning techniques; and final report and presentation. Within individual sections of this report critical design and operational issues were evaluated and key findings were identified.

  17. Kalman and particle filtering methods for full vehicle and tyre identification

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bogdanski, Karol; Best, Matthew C.

    2018-05-01

    This paper considers identification of all significant vehicle handling dynamics of a test vehicle, including identification of a combined-slip tyre model, using only those sensors currently available on most vehicle controller area network buses. Using an appropriately simple but efficient model structure, all of the independent parameters are found from test vehicle data, with the resulting model accuracy demonstrated on independent validation data. The paper extends previous work on augmented Kalman Filter state estimators to concentrate wholly on parameter identification. It also serves as a review of three alternative filtering methods; identifying forms of the unscented Kalman filter, extended Kalman filter and particle filter are proposed and compared for effectiveness, complexity and computational efficiency. All three filters are suited to applications of system identification and the Kalman Filters can also operate in real-time in on-line model predictive controllers or estimators.

  18. Tracking of multiple objects with time-adjustable composite correlation filters

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ruchay, Alexey; Kober, Vitaly; Chernoskulov, Ilya

    2017-09-01

    An algorithm for tracking of multiple objects in video based on time-adjustable adaptive composite correlation filtering is proposed. For each frame a bank of composite correlation filters are designed in such a manner to provide invariance to pose, occlusion, clutter, and illumination changes. The filters are synthesized with the help of an iterative algorithm, which optimizes the discrimination capability for each object. The filters are adapted to the objects changes online using information from the current and past scene frames. Results obtained with the proposed algorithm using real-life scenes are presented and compared with those obtained with state-of-the-art tracking methods in terms of detection efficiency, tracking accuracy, and speed of processing.

  19. Offenheit: Poster zur Nacht des Wissens Hamburg 2015

    OpenAIRE

    Hapke, Thomas; Rajski, Beate; Bieler, Detlev

    2015-01-01

    Die Posterserie zum Thema Offenheit wurde von der Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Hamburg für die Nacht des Wissens am 7. November 2015 erstellt. Sie enthält die Poster Offenheit vonWissen Open Access Open Access Publizieren Offene Inhalte - Creative Commons Lizenzen TUBdok: Open Access Repository der TUHH Offene Bildung - Open Educational Resources Zur Geschichte der Offenheit des Wissens

  20. Zur Dialektik von Soft Skills und fachlicher Kompetenz

    OpenAIRE

    Jendrowiak, Hans-Werner

    2010-01-01

    [Der Autor stellt folgende Thesen zur Dialektik von Soft Skills und fachlicher Bildung auf:] 1. Soft Skills sind normale Bildungskategorien und Teil einer Allgemeinen Bildung. […] 2. Soft Skills sind als personalgebundene Kriterien auch immer schon Gegenstand bildungstheoretischer Debatten. […] 3. Soft Skills ist eine trendorientierte Bezeichnung für Bildung. […] 4. Soft Skills sind Ausdruck von Vorstellungen, Ideen und Theorien (Schulkultur, Unternehmenskultur, Unternehmensphilosophie). 5. S...

  1. Tag-Driven Online Novel Recommendation with Collaborative Item Modeling

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fenghuan Li

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Online novel recommendation recommends attractive novels according to the preferences and characteristics of users or novels and is increasingly touted as an indispensable service of many online stores and websites. The interests of the majority of users remain stable over a certain period. However, there are broad categories in the initial recommendation list achieved by collaborative filtering (CF. That is to say, it is very possible that there are many inappropriately recommended novels. Meanwhile, most algorithms assume that users can provide an explicit preference. However, this assumption does not always hold, especially in online novel reading. To solve these issues, a tag-driven algorithm with collaborative item modeling (TDCIM is proposed for online novel recommendation. Online novel reading is different from traditional book marketing and lacks preference rating. In addition, collaborative filtering frequently suffers from the Matthew effect, leading to ignored personalized recommendations and serious long tail problems. Therefore, item-based CF is improved by latent preference rating with a punishment mechanism based on novel popularity. Consequently, a tag-driven algorithm is constructed by means of collaborative item modeling and tag extension. Experimental results show that online novel recommendation is improved greatly by a tag-driven algorithm with collaborative item modeling.

  2. LHCb Kalman Filter cross architecture studies

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hugo, Daniel; Pérez, Cámpora

    2017-10-01

    The 2020 upgrade of the LHCb detector will vastly increase the rate of collisions the Online system needs to process in software, in order to filter events in real time. 30 million collisions per second will pass through a selection chain, where each step is executed conditional to its prior acceptance. The Kalman Filter is a fit applied to all reconstructed tracks which, due to its time characteristics and early execution in the selection chain, consumes 40% of the whole reconstruction time in the current trigger software. This makes the Kalman Filter a time-critical component as the LHCb trigger evolves into a full software trigger in the Upgrade. I present a new Kalman Filter algorithm for LHCb that can efficiently make use of any kind of SIMD processor, and its design is explained in depth. Performance benchmarks are compared between a variety of hardware architectures, including x86_64 and Power8, and the Intel Xeon Phi accelerator, and the suitability of said architectures to efficiently perform the LHCb Reconstruction process is determined.

  3. Technical Note: A fast online adaptive replanning method for VMAT using flattening filter free beams

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ates, Ozgur; Ahunbay, Ergun E.; Li, X. Allen, E-mail: ali@mcw.edu [Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 (United States); Moreau, Michel [Elekta, Inc., Maryland Heights, Missouri 63043 (United States)

    2016-06-15

    Purpose: To develop a fast replanning algorithm based on segment aperture morphing (SAM) for online replanning of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with flattening filter free (FFF) beams. Methods: A software tool was developed to interface with a VMAT research planning system, which enables the input and output of beam and machine parameters of VMAT plans. The SAM algorithm was used to modify multileaf collimator positions for each segment aperture based on the changes of the target from the planning (CT/MR) to daily image [CT/CBCT/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]. The leaf travel distance was controlled for large shifts to prevent the increase of VMAT delivery time. The SAM algorithm was tested for 11 patient cases including prostate, pancreatic, and lung cancers. For each daily image set, three types of VMAT plans, image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) repositioning, SAM adaptive, and full-scope reoptimization plans, were generated and compared. Results: The SAM adaptive plans were found to have improved the plan quality in target and/or critical organs when compared to the IGRT repositioning plans and were comparable to the reoptimization plans based on the data of planning target volume (PTV)-V100 (volume covered by 100% of prescription dose). For the cases studied, the average PTV-V100 was 98.85% ± 1.13%, 97.61% ± 1.45%, and 92.84% ± 1.61% with FFF beams for the reoptimization, SAM adaptive, and repositioning plans, respectively. The execution of the SAM algorithm takes less than 10 s using 16-CPU (2.6 GHz dual core) hardware. Conclusions: The SAM algorithm can generate adaptive VMAT plans using FFF beams with comparable plan qualities as those from the full-scope reoptimization plans based on daily CT/CBCT/MRI and can be used for online replanning to address interfractional variations.

  4. Data assimilation in the early phase: Kalman filtering RIMPUFF

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Astrup, P.; Turcanu, C.; Puch, R.O.

    2004-01-01

    of RODOS (Realtime Online DecisiOn Support system for nuclear emergencies) – has been developed. It is built on the Kalman filtering algorithm and it assimilates 10-minute averaged gamma dose rates measured atground level stations. Since the gamma rates are non-linear functions of the state vector...... variables, the applied Kalman filter is the so-called Extended Kalman filter. In more ways the implementation is non standard: 1) the number of state vectorvariables varies with time, and 2) the state vector variables are prediction updated with 1-minute time steps but only Kalman filtered every 10 minutes......, and this based on time averaged measurements. Given reasonable conditions, i.e. a spatially densedistribution of gamma monitors and a realistic wind field, the developed ADUM module is found to be able to enhance the prediction of the gamma dose field. Based on some of the Kalman filtering parameters, another...

  5. Online luminosity measurement at BES III

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Song Wenbo; Fu Chengdong; Mo Xiaohu; He Kanglin; Zhu Kejun; Li Fei; Zhao Shujun

    2010-01-01

    As a crucial parameter of both accelerator and detector, the realization of online luminosity measurement is of great importance. Several methods of luminosity measurement are recapitulated and the emphasis is laid on the algorithm of using e + e - and γγ final states. Taking into account the status at the beginning of the joint commissioning of detector and accelerator, the information from end cap electromagnetic calorimeter is used to select the good event. With the help of online Event filter, the luminosity is calculated and the monitoring of online cross section of hadron is realized. The preliminary results indicate that the online luminosity measurement is stable and its role for machine tuning and monitoring of the overall running status is indispensable. (authors)

  6. Computer processing of the scintigraphic image using digital filtering techniques

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Matsuo, Michimasa

    1976-01-01

    The theory of digital filtering was studied as a method for the computer processing of scintigraphic images. The characteristics and design techniques of finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters with linear phases were examined using the z-transform. The conventional data processing method, smoothing, could be recognized as one kind of linear phase FIR low-pass digital filtering. Ten representatives of FIR low-pass digital filters with various cut-off frequencies were scrutinized from the frequency domain in one-dimension and two-dimensions. These filters were applied to phantom studies with cold targets, using a Scinticamera-Minicomputer on-line System. These studies revealed that the resultant images had a direct connection with the magnitude response of the filter, that is, they could be estimated fairly well from the frequency response of the digital filter used. The filter, which was estimated from phantom studies as optimal for liver scintigrams using 198 Au-colloid, was successfully applied in clinical use for detecting true cold lesions and, at the same time, for eliminating spurious images. (J.P.N.)

  7. Uses of continuous measuring techniques for optimizing the operation of municipal sewage treatment plants; Einsatzmoeglichkeiten kontinuierlicher Messtechnik zur Betriebsoptimierung kommunaler Klaeranlagen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wedi, D [Vermicon AG, Muenchen/Braunschweig (Germany)

    1998-12-31

    Three different optimization measures are briefly discussed, each of which was carried out with the support of continuous measurements: efforts to enhance the sedimentation performance of a final sedimentation tank, investigations to establish the nitrification performance of an existing plant, and measurements permitting optimized parametrization of the complex control of a new sewage treatement plant. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Es werden drei verschiedene Optimierungsmassnahmen kurz erlaeutert, die jeweils mit Unterstutzung kontinuierlicher Messungen erfolgten: Arbeiten zur Verbesserung der Sedimentationsleistung eines Nachklaerbeckens, Untersuchungen zur besseren Nachrechnung der Nitrifikationskapazitaet einer bestehenden Anlage und Messungen zur optimierten Parametrierung einer komplexeren Regelung einer neuen Klaeranlage. (orig./SR)

  8. Uses of continuous measuring techniques for optimizing the operation of municipal sewage treatment plants; Einsatzmoeglichkeiten kontinuierlicher Messtechnik zur Betriebsoptimierung kommunaler Klaeranlagen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wedi, D. [Vermicon AG, Muenchen/Braunschweig (Germany)

    1997-12-31

    Three different optimization measures are briefly discussed, each of which was carried out with the support of continuous measurements: efforts to enhance the sedimentation performance of a final sedimentation tank, investigations to establish the nitrification performance of an existing plant, and measurements permitting optimized parametrization of the complex control of a new sewage treatement plant. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Es werden drei verschiedene Optimierungsmassnahmen kurz erlaeutert, die jeweils mit Unterstutzung kontinuierlicher Messungen erfolgten: Arbeiten zur Verbesserung der Sedimentationsleistung eines Nachklaerbeckens, Untersuchungen zur besseren Nachrechnung der Nitrifikationskapazitaet einer bestehenden Anlage und Messungen zur optimierten Parametrierung einer komplexeren Regelung einer neuen Klaeranlage. (orig./SR)

  9. SU-E-J-127: Implementation of An Online Replanning Tool for VMAT Using Flattening Filter-Free Beams

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ates, O; Ahunbay, E; Li, X [Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI (United States)

    2015-06-15

    Purpose: This is to report the implementation of an online replanning tool based on segment aperture morphing (SAM) for VMAT with flattening filter free (FFF) beams. Methods: Previously reported SAM algorithm modified to accommodate VMAT with FFF beams was implemented in a tool that was interfaced with a treatment planning system (Monaco, Elekta). The tool allows (1) to output the beam parameters of the original VMAT plan from Monaco, and (2) to input the apertures generated from the SAM algorithm into Monaco for the dose calculation on daily CT/CBCT/MRI in the following steps:(1) Quickly generating target contour based on the image of the day, using an auto-segmentation tool (ADMIRE, Elekta) with manual editing if necessary; (2) Morphing apertures based on the SAM in the original VMAT plan to account for the interfractional change of the target from the planning to the daily images; (3) Calculating dose distribution for new apertures with the same numbers of MU as in the original plan; (4) Transferring the new plan into a record & verify system (MOSAIQ, Elekta); (5) Performing a pre-delivery QA based on software; (6) Delivering the adaptive plan for the fraction.This workflow was implemented on a 16-CPU (2.6 GHz dual-core) hardware with GPU and was tested for sample cases of prostate, pancreas and lung tumors. Results: The online replanning process can be completed within 10 minutes. The adaptive plans generally have improved the plan quality when compared to the IGRT repositioning plans. The adaptive plans with FFF beams have better normal tissue sparing as compared with those of FF beams. Conclusion: The online replanning tool based on SAM can quickly generate adaptive VMAT plans using FFF beams with improved plan quality than those from the IGRT repositioning plans based on daily CT/CBCT/MRI and can be used clinically. This research was supported by Elekta Inc. (Crawley, UK)

  10. SU-E-J-127: Implementation of An Online Replanning Tool for VMAT Using Flattening Filter-Free Beams

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ates, O; Ahunbay, E; Li, X

    2015-01-01

    Purpose: This is to report the implementation of an online replanning tool based on segment aperture morphing (SAM) for VMAT with flattening filter free (FFF) beams. Methods: Previously reported SAM algorithm modified to accommodate VMAT with FFF beams was implemented in a tool that was interfaced with a treatment planning system (Monaco, Elekta). The tool allows (1) to output the beam parameters of the original VMAT plan from Monaco, and (2) to input the apertures generated from the SAM algorithm into Monaco for the dose calculation on daily CT/CBCT/MRI in the following steps:(1) Quickly generating target contour based on the image of the day, using an auto-segmentation tool (ADMIRE, Elekta) with manual editing if necessary; (2) Morphing apertures based on the SAM in the original VMAT plan to account for the interfractional change of the target from the planning to the daily images; (3) Calculating dose distribution for new apertures with the same numbers of MU as in the original plan; (4) Transferring the new plan into a record & verify system (MOSAIQ, Elekta); (5) Performing a pre-delivery QA based on software; (6) Delivering the adaptive plan for the fraction.This workflow was implemented on a 16-CPU (2.6 GHz dual-core) hardware with GPU and was tested for sample cases of prostate, pancreas and lung tumors. Results: The online replanning process can be completed within 10 minutes. The adaptive plans generally have improved the plan quality when compared to the IGRT repositioning plans. The adaptive plans with FFF beams have better normal tissue sparing as compared with those of FF beams. Conclusion: The online replanning tool based on SAM can quickly generate adaptive VMAT plans using FFF beams with improved plan quality than those from the IGRT repositioning plans based on daily CT/CBCT/MRI and can be used clinically. This research was supported by Elekta Inc. (Crawley, UK)

  11. [Alfred Ritscher. Reval an der schwelle zur neuzeit. T. 2] / Paul Kaegbein

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kaegbein, Paul

    2006-01-01

    Arvustus: Ritscher, Alfred. Reval an der schwelle zur neuzeit. T. 2: Vom tode Wolters von Plettenberg bis zum Untergang des Deutschen Ordens in Livland (1535-1561). Bonn: Kulturstiftung der deutshen Vertriebenen 2001. (Historische Forschungen).

  12. Comparison of different methods of assessing the tar content of gases from wood gasification; Vergleich verschiedener Methoden zur Bestimmung des Teergehalts in Gasen aus der Holzvergasung

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Moersch, O; Spliethoff, H; Hein, K R.G. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Verfahrenstechnik und Dampfkesselwesen

    1998-09-01

    The authors present a method developed at the Institute of Chemical Engineering and Steam Boiler Technology (IVD) of Stuttgart University for quasi-continuous online measurement of tar concentrations in gases from biomass gasification. The method is compared with other methods in terms of time requirements, accuracy, and cost: Gravimetry, wet chemical analysis, solid phase amino-adsorption (SPA), and online process gas chromatography. The measurements were carried out on the fluidized-bed combustion system of the IVD. Wood was gasified at 800 degrees centigrade with a fuel/air ratio of 0.25. The measured tar concentrations differed widely, i.e. between 0.8 and 6.8 g per cubic metre. (orig.) [Deutsch] In dieser Arbeit wird ein am Institut fuer Verfahrenstechnik und Dampfkesselwesen (IVD) entwickeltes Verfahren zur quasikontinuierlichen Online-Messung des Teergehalts im Gas aus der Biomassevergasung vorgestellt und mit anderen Methoden aus der Literatur im Hinblick auf Zeitaufwand, Genauigkeit und Kosten verglichen. Untersucht wurden dabei eine gravimetrische Methode, die nasschemische Bestimmung, das Solid-Phase-Amino Adsorptionsverfahren (SPA), sowie die Online Analyse mittels Prozess-Gaschromatograph. Die Messungen wurden an der Wirbelschichtvergasungsanlage des IVD durchgefuehrt. Vergast wurde Holz bei 800 C und einer Luftzahl von 0.25. Der mit den verschiedenen Verfahren ermittelte Teergehalt unterscheidet sich zum Teil erheblich. Es ergaben sich Werte zwischen 0.8 und 6.8 g/m{sup 3}. (orig.)

  13. PMD basierte Fahrspurerkennung und -Verfolgung für Fahrerassistenzsysteme

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gumpp, T.; Schamm, T.; Bergmann, S.; Zöllner, J. M.; Dillmann, R.

    In diesem Artikel wird ein System zur Verfolgung von Fahrspuren unter Verwendung von PMD-Kameras vorgestellt. Er gibt einen überblick über die Auswertung der Intensitäts- und Tiefenbilder dieses Sensors in einem System zur fremdlichtunabhängigen Fahrspurverfolgung. Ein Kaiman-Filter wird verwendet, um neben den Fahrspurparametern auch die Position und Orientierung des Fahrzeugs relativ zur Fahrspur zu schätzten.

  14. Basics about online boiler cleaning according to the Schwandorf principle; Grundlagen zur Online-Kesselreinigung nach dem Schwandorfer Prinzip

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Krueger, Joerg [VWT Ing.-Buero, Schwandorf (Germany); Krueger, Sascha [IBK-Verfahrenstechnik, Bad Berka (Germany)

    2013-10-01

    In the Schwandorf waste-to-energy (WtE) plant more than ten years ago a wet online boiler cleaning system was developed which has the capability to clean the radiation passes of (WtE-, biomass- and refuse derived fuel (RDF)) boilers without damaging the boiler. During the development it was recognised that the method of atomising the washing agent (water) is highly influencing the effectiveness of cleaning by securing parts of the boiler (membrane walls). (orig.)

  15. Hints on cost- and energy saving during lime-sand brick production; Hinweise zur Kosten- und Energieeinsparung bei der Kalksandstein-Produktion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Eden, W.

    2001-05-01

    The publication contains hints for reduction of energy consumption and cost in lime-sand brick production. The information was compiled by Bundesverband Kalksandsteinindustrie e.V. and was derived from technical discussions of the master seminars on production technology of the years 1995 - 2000, consultations form member organizations, or from other sources. [German] Diese Arbeit ist eine Zusammenstellung von Hinweisen zur Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs und der Kostensenkung bei der KS-Produktion und soll eine Hilfestellung bei entsprechenden Rationalisierungsmassnahmen in den Mitgliedsunternehmen sein. Die hier aufgefuehrten Hinweise und Anregungen entstammen den Fachdiskussionen der Meisterseminare zur Produktionstechnik aus den Jahren 1995 bis 2000, Beratungsgespraechen fuer Mitgliedsunternehmen oder wurden dem Bundesverband Kalksandsteinindustrie eV freundlicherweise fuer die Gemeinschaftsarbeit zur Verfuegung gestellt. (orig.)

  16. Optimal Tuner Selection for Kalman Filter-Based Aircraft Engine Performance Estimation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Simon, Donald L.; Garg, Sanjay

    2010-01-01

    A linear point design methodology for minimizing the error in on-line Kalman filter-based aircraft engine performance estimation applications is presented. This technique specifically addresses the underdetermined estimation problem, where there are more unknown parameters than available sensor measurements. A systematic approach is applied to produce a model tuning parameter vector of appropriate dimension to enable estimation by a Kalman filter, while minimizing the estimation error in the parameters of interest. Tuning parameter selection is performed using a multi-variable iterative search routine which seeks to minimize the theoretical mean-squared estimation error. This paper derives theoretical Kalman filter estimation error bias and variance values at steady-state operating conditions, and presents the tuner selection routine applied to minimize these values. Results from the application of the technique to an aircraft engine simulation are presented and compared to the conventional approach of tuner selection. Experimental simulation results are found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions. The new methodology is shown to yield a significant improvement in on-line engine performance estimation accuracy

  17. Klinische Studie zur Messung der Dimensionsstabilität von digitalen Ganzkieferabformungen und die Entwicklung einer neuen Messmethode

    OpenAIRE

    Kuhr, Fabian

    2016-01-01

    Digitale Abformungen mit intraoralen Scannern haben klinisch bereits bewiesen, dass sie einzelne Zähne detail- und dimensionsgenau aufnehmen und in dieser Hinsicht eine Alternative zur konventionellen zahnärztlichen Abformung bieten können. Ob dies klinisch auch mit dem Scannen gesamter Zahnreihen möglich ist, wurde bislang nicht untersucht. Sowohl für konventionelle wie auch für digitale Abformungen gibt es keine In-vivo-Studie, die eine Methode zur Überprüfung der dimensionsgetreuen Übertra...

  18. Magnetic resonance tomography-guided interventional procedure for diagnosis of prostate cancer; MRT-gezielte interventionelle Verfahren zur Abklaerung des Prostatakarzinoms

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schernthaner, M.; Helbich, T.H.; Fueger, B.J.; Memarsadeghi, M.; Stiglbauer, A.; Linhart, H.G.; Doan, A.; Pinker, K.; Brader, P. [Medizinische Universitaet Wien, Univ.-Klinik fuer Radiodiagnostik, Division fuer Molekulare und Gender-Bildgebung, Wien (Austria); Margreiter, M. [Medizinische Universitaet Wien, Univ.-Klinik fuer Urologie, Wien (Austria)

    2011-11-15

    In recent years magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been increasingly established in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in addition to transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). The use of T2-weighted imaging allows an exact delineation of the zonal anatomy of the prostate and its surrounding structures. Other MR imaging tools, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging or diffusion-weighted imaging allow an inference of the biochemical characteristics (multiparametric MRI). Prostate cancer, which could only be diagnosed using MR imaging or lesions suspected as being prostate cancer, which are localized in the anterior aspect of the prostate and were missed with repetitive TRUS biopsy, need to undergo MR guided biopsy. Recent studies have shown a good correlation between MR imaging and histopathology of specimens collected by MR-guided biopsy. Improved lesion targeting is therefore possible with MR-guided biopsy. So far data suggest that MR-guided biopsy of the prostate is a promising alternative diagnostic tool to TRUS-guided biopsy. (orig.) [German] Neben dem transrektalen Ultraschall (TRUS) hat sich in den letzten Jahren die MRT als nichtinvasive Methode zur Bildgebung von Prostatatumoren etabliert. Mittels T2-gewichteter Sequenzen ist eine exakte anatomische Darstellung der Prostata und ihrer umliegenden Strukturen moeglich. Andere MRT-Techniken ermoeglichen Rueckschluesse auf das biologische Verhalten des Tumors: dynamische kontrastmittelverstaerkte T1-gewichtete Sequenzen zur Darstellung der Angiogenese, diffusionsgewichtete Aufnahmen zur Beurteilung der Zelldichte und die Spektroskopie zur Bestimmung von Gewebemetaboliten wie Cholin und Kreatin (multiparametrische Bildgebung). Prostatatumoren, die nur mittels MRT nachweisbar sind oder verdaechtige Tumoren, die hauptsaechlich anterior in der Prostata lokalisiert sind und in wiederholten TRUS-gezielten Biopsien verfehlt wurden, benoetigen eine MRT-gezielte Biopsie zur Diagnosesicherung. Die bisherigen

  19. Track filter on the basis of a cellular automation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Glazov, A.A.; Kisel', I.V.; Konotopskaya, E.V.; Ososkov, G.A.

    1991-01-01

    The filtering method for tracks in discrete detectors based on the cellular automation is described. Results of the application of this method to experimental data (the spectrometer ARES) are quite successful: threefold reduction of input information with data grouping according to their belonging to separate tracks. They lift up percentage of useful events, which simplifies and accelerates considerably their next recognition. The described cellular automation for track filtering can be successfully applied in parallel computers and also in on-line mode if hardware implementation is used. 21 refs.; 11 figs

  20. A parallel algorithm for filtering gravitational waves from coalescing binaries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sathyaprakash, B.S.; Dhurandhar, S.V.

    1992-10-01

    Coalescing binary stars are perhaps the most promising sources for the observation of gravitational waves with laser interferometric gravity wave detectors. The waveform from these sources can be predicted with sufficient accuracy for matched filtering techniques to be applied. In this paper we present a parallel algorithm for detecting signals from coalescing compact binaries by the method of matched filtering. We also report the details of its implementation on a 256-node connection machine consisting of a network of transputers. The results of our analysis indicate that parallel processing is a promising approach to on-line analysis of data from gravitational wave detectors to filter out coalescing binary signals. The algorithm described is quite general in that the kernel of the algorithm is applicable to any set of matched filters. (author). 15 refs, 4 figs

  1. Radiation exposure control by estimation of multiplication factors for online remote radiation monitoring systems at vitrification plant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Deokar, U.V.; Kulkarni, V.V.; Khot, A.R.; Mathew, P.; Kamlesh; Purohit, R.G.; Sarkar, P.K.

    2012-01-01

    Vitrification Plant is commissioned for vitrification of high level liquid waste (HLW) generated in nuclear fuel cycle operations by using Joule Heated Ceramic Melter first time in India. Exposure control is a major concern in operating plant. Therefore in addition to installed monitors, we have developed online remote radiation monitoring system to minimize number of entries in amber areas and to reduce the exposure to the surveyor and operator. This also helped in volume reduction of secondary waste. The reliability and accuracy of the online monitoring system is confirmed with actual measurements and by theoretical shielding calculations. The multiplication factors were estimated for remote on line monitoring of Melter Off Gas (MOG) filter, Hood filter, three exhaust filter banks, and over-pack monitoring. This paper summarizes - how the online remote monitoring system helped in saving of 128.52 person-mSv collective dose (14.28% of budgeted dose). The system also helped in the reduction of 2.6 m 3 of Cat-I waste. Our online remote monitoring system has helped the plant management to plan in advance for replacement of these filters, which resulted in considerable saving in collective dose and secondary waste

  2. Prüfungen zur Beurteilung der Brandgefahr; Beispiele für Verfahren zur Beurteilung einer Brandgefahr und für die Auslegung von Ergebnissen; 3.1: Kennwerte der Verbrennung und Übersicht über Prüfverfahren zu ihrer Ermittlung; Identisch mit IEC 60695-3-1, Ausgabe 1982

    CERN Document Server

    Deutsches Institut für Normung. Berlin

    1986-01-01

    Prüfungen zur Beurteilung der Brandgefahr; Beispiele für Verfahren zur Beurteilung einer Brandgefahr und für die Auslegung von Ergebnissen; 3.1: Kennwerte der Verbrennung und Übersicht über Prüfverfahren zu ihrer Ermittlung; Identisch mit IEC 60695-3-1, Ausgabe 1982

  3. The intractable cigarette 'filter problem'.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harris, Bradford

    2011-05-01

    When lung cancer fears emerged in the 1950s, cigarette companies initiated a shift in cigarette design from unfiltered to filtered cigarettes. Both the ineffectiveness of cigarette filters and the tobacco industry's misleading marketing of the benefits of filtered cigarettes have been well documented. However, during the 1950s and 1960s, American cigarette companies spent millions of dollars to solve what the industry identified as the 'filter problem'. These extensive filter research and development efforts suggest a phase of genuine optimism among cigarette designers that cigarette filters could be engineered to mitigate the health hazards of smoking. This paper explores the early history of cigarette filter research and development in order to elucidate why and when seemingly sincere filter engineering efforts devolved into manipulations in cigarette design to sustain cigarette marketing and mitigate consumers' concerns about the health consequences of smoking. Relevant word and phrase searches were conducted in the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library online database, Google Patents, and media and medical databases including ProQuest, JSTOR, Medline and PubMed. 13 tobacco industry documents were identified that track prominent developments involved in what the industry referred to as the 'filter problem'. These reveal a period of intense focus on the 'filter problem' that persisted from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s, featuring collaborations between cigarette producers and large American chemical and textile companies to develop effective filters. In addition, the documents reveal how cigarette filter researchers' growing scientific knowledge of smoke chemistry led to increasing recognition that filters were unlikely to offer significant health protection. One of the primary concerns of cigarette producers was to design cigarette filters that could be economically incorporated into the massive scale of cigarette production. The synthetic plastic cellulose acetate

  4. Enhanced online convolutional neural networks for object tracking

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Dengzhuo; Gao, Yun; Zhou, Hao; Li, Tianwen

    2018-04-01

    In recent several years, object tracking based on convolution neural network has gained more and more attention. The initialization and update of convolution filters can directly affect the precision of object tracking effective. In this paper, a novel object tracking via an enhanced online convolution neural network without offline training is proposed, which initializes the convolution filters by a k-means++ algorithm and updates the filters by an error back-propagation. The comparative experiments of 7 trackers on 15 challenging sequences showed that our tracker can perform better than other trackers in terms of AUC and precision.

  5. Migration und differenzierte Citizenship : Zur Post-Amerikanisierung Europas

    OpenAIRE

    Cattacin, Sandro

    2006-01-01

    Während sich Frankreich in Kopftuchdebatten in den Schulen auf seine Wurzeln rückbesinnen möchte, Deutschland an der Operationalisierung der Leitkultur herumbastelt und sich Forscherscharen an der politisch gestellten Frage abmühen, was „Integration“ bedeute, schreitet die Pluralisierung unserer Gesellschaft unbekümmert weiter. Diese Pluralisierung, die nur bedingt auf Migration zurückzuführen ist, fordert die europäischen nationalen Gesellschaften dreifach heraus. Erstens durch die ständige ...

  6. Radiation exposure control by estimation of multiplication factors for online remote radiation monitoring systems at Vitrification Plant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Deokar, Umesh V.; Kukarni, V.V.; Khot, A.R.; Mathew, P.; Kamlesh; Purohit, R.G.; Sarkar, P.K.

    2011-01-01

    Vitrification Plant is commissioned for vitrification of high-level liquid waste generated in Nuclear Fuel Cycle operations by using Joule Heated Ceramic Melter first time in India. Exposure control is a major concern in operating plant. Therefore, in addition to installed monitors, we have developed online remote radiation monitoring system to minimize number of entries in amber areas and to reduce the exposure to the surveyor and operator. This also helped in volume reduction of secondary waste. The reliability and accuracy of the online monitoring system is confirmed with actual measurements and by theoretical shielding calculations. The multiplication factors were estimated for remote online monitoring of Melter off Gas (MOG) filter, Hood filter, three exhaust filter banks, and overpack monitoring. This paper summarizes how the online remote monitoring system had helped in saving of 128.52 Person-mSv collective dose (14.28% of budgeted dose) and also there was 2.6 m 3 reduction in generation of Cat-I waste. (author)

  7. Using Online Role-Play to Promote Collaborative Argument and Collective Action

    Science.gov (United States)

    Doerr-Stevens, Candance; Beach, Richard; Boeser, Elizabeth

    2011-01-01

    This article discusses how students use online role-play to collaborate and change real school policy. Playing different characters in an online role-play, students explore controversial aspects of Internet filtering and adopt a plan to change their school's policy. Through engaging in collaborative argumentation during their role-play, students…

  8. Knowing How Good Our Searches Are: An Approach Derived from Search Filter Development Methodology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sarah Hayman

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Objective – Effective literature searching is of paramount importance in supporting evidence based practice, research, and policy. Missed references can have adverse effects on outcomes. This paper reports on the development and evaluation of an online learning resource, designed for librarians and other interested searchers, presenting an evidence based approach to enhancing and testing literature searches. Methods – We developed and evaluated the set of free online learning modules for librarians called Smart Searching, suggesting the use of techniques derived from search filter development undertaken by the CareSearch Palliative Care Knowledge Network and its associated project Flinders Filters. The searching module content has been informed by the processes and principles used in search filter development. The self-paced modules are intended to help librarians and other interested searchers test the effectiveness of their literature searches, provide evidence of search performance that can be used to improve searches, as well as to evaluate and promote searching expertise. Each module covers one of four techniques, or core principles, employed in search filter development: (1 collaboration with subject experts; (2 use of a reference sample set; (3 term identification through frequency analysis; and (4 iterative testing. Evaluation of the resource comprised ongoing monitoring of web analytics to determine factors such as numbers of users and geographic origin; a user survey conducted online elicited qualitative information about the usefulness of the resource. Results – The resource was launched in May 2014. Web analytics show over 6,000 unique users from 101 countries (at 9 August 2015. Responses to the survey (n=50 indicated that 80% would recommend the resource to a colleague. Conclusions – An evidence based approach to searching, derived from search filter development methodology, has been shown to have value as an online learning

  9. Auswahl und Verarbeitung von Früchten zur Steigerung der Gehalte an phenolischen Antioxidantien in Fruchtsäften

    OpenAIRE

    Thielen, Christine

    2005-01-01

    Da Polyphenole als gesund angesehen werden, ist es Ziel dieser Arbeit, ihre Gehalte in Fruchtsäften zu erhöhen. Dies beinhaltet zum einen das Auffinden polyphenolreicher Apfel- und Beerenobstsorten als geeignete Rohware. Gleichzeitig entsteht dabei ein Datensatz über sortenreine Apfel- und Beerenobstsäfte, der die RSK-Werte ergänzt. Zum anderen sind Wege zur Minimierung von Verarbeitungsverlusten durch gezielte Studien zur Qualitätssteigerung des Endproduktes Fruchtsaft wichtig. Die im Screen...

  10. Entwicklung und Anwendung neuer NMR-Methoden: Orientierungsmedien zur Strukturbestimmung mit anisotropen Parametern und Metabonomics

    OpenAIRE

    Büchler, Silke

    2014-01-01

    Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Entwicklung und Anwendung neuer Orientierungsmedien zur Strukturbestimmung mit anisotropen Parametern, sowie die Etablierung von Metabonomics-Studien an Flüssigzellkulturen und Reispflanzen.

  11. Measurement-based local quantum filters and their ability to ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Debmalya Das

    Berhampur (Transit Campus), National Highway 59, Berhampur 760 010, India. ∗. Corresponding author. E-mail: arvind@iisermohali.ac.in. MS received 29 July 2016; revised 21 October 2016; accepted 16 December 2016; published online 30 May 2017. Abstract. We introduce local filters as a means to detect the ...

  12. Zur Standardisierung der DSH-Prüfungen: Bestandsaufnahme und Perspektiven des Online-Angebotes

    OpenAIRE

    Schneider, Agnieszka

    2010-01-01

    Das Internet ist im 21. Jahrhundert zum wichtigsten Informations- und Kommunikationsmedium geworden und hat auch in der Hochschullandschaft einen festen Platz eingenommen. Das Lernen mit und auf Internetplattformen hat sich im universitären Bereich stark etabliert. Auch die Bedeutung von Online-Prüfungen ist infolge der unter dem Schlagwort "Bologna-Prozess" bekannten Umstrukturierungen stark angestiegen. Da im Bereich der deutschen Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang (DSH) bisher nur wenig...

  13. Using Biographical Prompts to Build Community in an Online Graduate Course: An Adult Learning Perspective

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lohr, Kathy D.; Haley, Karen J.

    2018-01-01

    Adult learners are taking advantage of the availability and convenience of online education. Mature learners in online higher education classrooms bring a wealth of experience filtered through cultural, generational, and socioeconomical differences. The purpose of this research was to explore community building in an online graduate course by…

  14. A low-complexity interacting multiple model filter for maneuvering target tracking

    KAUST Repository

    Khalid, Syed Safwan; Abrar, Shafayat

    2017-01-01

    In this work, we address the target tracking problem for a coordinate-decoupled Markovian jump-mean-acceleration based maneuvering mobility model. A novel low-complexity alternative to the conventional interacting multiple model (IMM) filter is proposed for this class of mobility models. The proposed tracking algorithm utilizes a bank of interacting filters where the interactions are limited to the mixing of the mean estimates, and it exploits a fixed off-line computed Kalman gain matrix for the entire filter bank. Consequently, the proposed filter does not require matrix inversions during on-line operation which significantly reduces its complexity. Simulation results show that the performance of the low-complexity proposed scheme remains comparable to that of the traditional (highly-complex) IMM filter. Furthermore, we derive analytical expressions that iteratively evaluate the transient and steady-state performance of the proposed scheme, and establish the conditions that ensure the stability of the proposed filter. The analytical findings are in close accordance with the simulated results.

  15. A low-complexity interacting multiple model filter for maneuvering target tracking

    KAUST Repository

    Khalid, Syed Safwan

    2017-01-22

    In this work, we address the target tracking problem for a coordinate-decoupled Markovian jump-mean-acceleration based maneuvering mobility model. A novel low-complexity alternative to the conventional interacting multiple model (IMM) filter is proposed for this class of mobility models. The proposed tracking algorithm utilizes a bank of interacting filters where the interactions are limited to the mixing of the mean estimates, and it exploits a fixed off-line computed Kalman gain matrix for the entire filter bank. Consequently, the proposed filter does not require matrix inversions during on-line operation which significantly reduces its complexity. Simulation results show that the performance of the low-complexity proposed scheme remains comparable to that of the traditional (highly-complex) IMM filter. Furthermore, we derive analytical expressions that iteratively evaluate the transient and steady-state performance of the proposed scheme, and establish the conditions that ensure the stability of the proposed filter. The analytical findings are in close accordance with the simulated results.

  16. Medien – Generationen – Wissen. Überlegungen zur medienpädagogischen Forschung – dargestellt am Beispiel der Frage nach dem Weltwissen globaler Mediengenerationen

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Theo Hug

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Mit den aktuellen gesellschaftlichen, technologischen und politischen Entwicklungen haben sich neue Fragen und Aufgabenbereiche für die Medienpädagogik ergeben. Diese werden im vorliegenden Beitrag skizziert, wobei in Abgrenzung von traditionellen Auffassungen für ein weiteres Verständnis von Medienpädagogik argumentiert wird. Die Erweiterung des thematischen Horizonts wird anhand einer Pilotstudie zur Frage des Weltwissens von Mediengenerationen exemplarisch verdeutlicht. Abschließend werden einige Überlegungen zur Medienkompetenz, der Problematik diesbezüglicher Verkürzungen und deren Stellenwert im Lichte des „medial turn“ zur Diskussion gestellt.

  17. Untersuchungen zur Expansion, funktionellen Charakterisierung und kontinuierlichen Bereitstellung von Hepatocyten für die Anwendung in bioartifiziellen Leberunterstützungssystemen

    OpenAIRE

    Iding, Kai

    2001-01-01

    Der vollständige Funktionsverlust der Leber kann in der modernen Medizin bisher nur durch den Austausch des funktionsuntüchtigen gegen ein gesundes Organ, d.h. durch eine Lebertransplantation behandelt werden. Da es jedoch weit mehr transplantationsbedürftige Patienten gibt als geeignete Spenderorgane zur Verfügung stehen, gibt es weltweite Anstrengungen zur Entwicklung alternativer Behandlungsmethoden. Nach bisherigem wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisstand ist die bioartifizielle Leberunterst...

  18. LHCb Online event processing and filtering

    CERN Document Server

    Alessio, F; Brarda, L; Frank, M; Franek, B; Galli, D; Gaspar, C; Van Herwijnen, E; Jacobsson, R; Jost, B; Köstner, S; Moine, G; Neufeld, N; Somogyi, P; Stoica, R; Suman, S

    2008-01-01

    The first level trigger of LHCb accepts one million events per second. After preprocessing in custom FPGA-based boards these events are distributed to a large farm of PC-servers using a high-speed Gigabit Ethernet network. Synchronisation and event management is achieved by the Timing and Trigger system of LHCb. Due to the complex nature of the selection of B-events, which are the main interest of LHCb, a full event-readout is required. Event processing on the servers is parallelised on an event basis. The reduction factor is typically 1/500. The remaining events are forwarded to a formatting layer, where the raw data files are formed and temporarily stored. A small part of the events is also forwarded to a dedicated farm for calibration and monitoring. The files are subsequently shipped to the CERN Tier0 facility for permanent storage and from there to the various Tier1 sites for reconstruction. In parallel files are used by various monitoring and calibration processes running within the LHCb Online system. ...

  19. Semiokapitalismus und imperiale Kontrollgesellschaft Zur Digitalisierung der Produktion am Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wolfgang Neurath

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Wolfgang Neurath analysiert angesichts des kybernetischen Semiokapitalismus und des durch ihn entstandenen "Kognitariats" in welcher Art und Weise digitale Produktions- und Wertschöpfungsprozesse am Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts zur Kontrolle eingesetzt werden ...

  20. Information filtering in sparse online systems: recommendation via semi-local diffusion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zeng, Wei; Zeng, An; Shang, Ming-Sheng; Zhang, Yi-Cheng

    2013-01-01

    With the rapid growth of the Internet and overwhelming amount of information and choices that people are confronted with, recommender systems have been developed to effectively support users' decision-making process in the online systems. However, many recommendation algorithms suffer from the data sparsity problem, i.e. the user-object bipartite networks are so sparse that algorithms cannot accurately recommend objects for users. This data sparsity problem makes many well-known recommendation algorithms perform poorly. To solve the problem, we propose a recommendation algorithm based on the semi-local diffusion process on the user-object bipartite network. The simulation results on two sparse datasets, Amazon and Bookcross, show that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods especially for those small-degree users. Two personalized semi-local diffusion methods are proposed which further improve the recommendation accuracy. Finally, our work indicates that sparse online systems are essentially different from the dense online systems, so it is necessary to reexamine former algorithms and conclusions based on dense data in sparse systems.

  1. Online Estimation of ARW Coefficient of Fiber Optic Gyro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yang Li

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available As a standard method for noise analysis of fiber optic gyro (FOG, Allan variance has too large offline computational burden and data storages to be applied to online estimation. To overcome the barriers, the state space model is firstly established for FOG. Then the Sage-husa adaptive Kalman filter (SHAKF is introduced in this field. Through recursive calculation of measurement noise covariance matrix, SHAKF can avoid the storage of large amounts of history data. However, the precision and stability of this method are still the primary matters that needed to be addressed. Based on this point, a new online method for estimation of the coefficient of angular random walk is proposed. In the method, estimator of measurement noise is constructed by the recursive form of Allan variance at the shortest sampling time. Then the estimator is embedded into the SHAKF framework resulting in a new adaptive filter. The estimations of measurement noise variance and Kalman filter are independent of each other in this method. Therefore, it can address the problem of filtering divergence and precision degrading effectively. Test results of both digital simulation and experimental data of FOG verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.

  2. Fermenter control and modelling system. Online Kopplung von Standard-Software zur Modellierung von biologischen Prozessen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Goldschmidt, B [Halle-Wittenberg Univ., Halle (Germany). Inst. fuer Bioprozesstechnik; Diehl, U; Lauterbach, U [Diessel Biotech GmbH, Melsungen (Germany)

    1991-10-01

    The development and operation of small biotechnological plants increasingly requires process control technique, which is both powerful and robust, but at the same time flexible. One criterion for the performance of a process control system is its ability to process and evaluate online process data project specifically. This contribution describes this for the control system Micro-MFCS and its coupling with a Modelling System. The Modelling System is a software package for the acquisition, processing and evaluating of data from biochemical, chemical and physico-technical experiments. It was developed at the Martin-Luther-University in Halle (Germany) and offers the features: Simulation of fermentation processes using mathematical models and fitting of mathematical models to fermentation processes. In the context of a joint project the online coupling of the software package Micro-MFCS and Modelling System was realised. (orig.).

  3. Technische Feuchtgebiete zur Nachreinigung von Abwasser:Stickstoff, Abwasserdesinfektion, Spurenstoffe

    OpenAIRE

    Rühmland, Sabine

    2015-01-01

    Stickstoff, Spurenstoffe und Krankheitserreger können auch in geringen Mengen Schäden in Gewässern bzw. beim Menschen verursachen. In dieser Arbeit soll geklärt werden, inwieweit das naturnahe Abwasserreinigungsverfahren der technischen Feuchtgebiete zur Nachreinigung von Abwasser geeignet ist. Dafür wurden in Berlin sieben bewachsene Bodenfilter und Abwasserteiche im techni-schen Maßstab einer Kläranlage mit Nährstoffelimination nachgeschaltet. Ein Sandfilter, ein Sandfilter mit Lehm und...

  4. Konkurrenz oder Kooperation? Zur Entwicklung des Verhältnisses von Medienbildung und informatischer Bildung

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerhard Tulodziecki

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Mit der gegenwärtigen Diskussion um Mediatisierung und Digitalisierung ist die Forderung verbunden, der Medienbildung und/oder der informatischen Bildung ein größeres Gewicht in der schulischen Bildung zu verschaffen. Dies legt die Frage nahe, wie ein produktives Verhältnis zwischen beiden gestaltet werden sollte und wie beide am besten zu einer zeitgemäßen Bildung beitragen können. Bei entsprechenden Überlegungen spielen unter anderem Entwicklungen eine Rolle, die sich seit frühen Forderungen nach einer Computerbildung im Verhältnis zur damaligen Medienerziehung herausgebildet haben. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden solche Entwicklungen skizziert und Schlussfolgerungen für die gegenwärtige Diskussion formuliert. Dabei kommen unterschiedliche Auffassungen zur bildungsbezogenen Auseinandersetzung mit Medien sowie mit Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien in den Blick. Für das Verhältnis von Medienbildung und informatischer Bildung ergibt sich als zentrale Schlussfolgerung, dass sowohl eine Integration der informatischen Bildung in die Medienbildung als auch eine umgekehrte Lösung unangemessen erscheint, wiewohl beide Bereiche auf Anteile aus dem jeweils anderen Bereich angewiesen sind. Danach werden für eine Medienbildung mit informatischen Anteilen ein geeigneter Medienbegriff und eine tragfähige Bildungsauffassung sowie ein Ansatz zu einem inhaltlich-thematischen Kompetenzrahmen beschrieben. Überlegungen zur schulischen Umsetzung schließen den Beitrag ab.

  5. Studies on agglomeration of colloidal suspensions in an alternating electric field; Untersuchungen zur Agglomeration kolloidaler Suspensionen im elektrischen Wechselfeld

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mueller, M. [Inst. fuer Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik, Univ. Karlsruhe (Germany); Loeffler, F. [Inst. fuer Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik, Univ. Karlsruhe (Germany)

    1996-07-01

    Colloidal solutions contain particles in the {mu}m range whose agglomeration and coagulation is of interest for certain applications. `Electrocoagulation` means that in an electric field droplets or particles in a disperse phase have higher kinetic energy so that the probability of overcoming repulsive forces and of forming bigger aggregates will increase. The electrocoagulation technique is applied for emulsion cracking of water-in-oil systems (desalination and dewatering of petroleum, petroleum cracking) and, in some cases, also for cracking oil-in-water systems. Removal of colloidal solids from aqueous solution during electrochemical waste water treatment is often carried out with the aid of dissolving aluminium or iron electrodes. The authors describe experiments in which the flow of an electric current, which would cause the electrodes to dissolve, was to be prevented. An alternating field was to induce oscillation of the particles, i.e. relative motion of the particles with respect to each other. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Kolloidale Loesungen enthalten Partikel im {mu}m-Bereich. In manchen Bereichen ist deren Agglomeration bzw. Koagulation von Interesse. Unter dem Begriff der Elektrokoagulation versteht man im allgemeinen das Phaenomen, dass in einem elektrischen Feld Tropfen oder Partikel in einer dispersen Phase eine hoehere kinetische Energie besitzen, und dadurch die Wahrscheinlichkeit zur Ueberwindung von Abstossungskraeften und zur Bildung groesserer Aggregate steigt. Das Verfahren der Elektrokoagulation wird bisher zur Emulsionsspaltung von Wasser/Oel-Systemen (Entsaltzung und Entwaesserung von Erdoel/Erdoelspaltung) und z.T. auch zur Spaltung von Oel/Wasser-Systemen eingesetzt. Zur Entfernung kolloidaler Feststoffe aus waessrigen Loesungen bei der elektrochemischen Aufarbeitung von Abwasser wird haeufig mit sich aufloesenden Aluminium- oder Eisenelektroden gearbeitet. In den im folgenden dargestellten Untersuchungen sollte ein Stromfluss durch die

  6. Folgebewertung im vorratsvermögen - Fallstudie zur Vorgehensweise nach IFSR und HGB

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Quick, Reiner; Warming-Rasmussen, Bent

    2013-01-01

    über die wichstigsten Normen zur Folgebeweriung nach IFSR und HGB sowie zu deren Auslegung. Es schliessen sich ein Fallbeispiel und ein Vorschlag zu dessen Lösung an, in dessen Mittelpunkt sinkende Zeitwerte, die Frage des für die Folgebewerunng relevanten Markts und das Zuschreibungsgebot stehen....

  7. Information filtering on coupled social networks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nie, Da-Cheng; Zhang, Zi-Ke; Zhou, Jun-Lin; Fu, Yan; Zhang, Kui

    2014-01-01

    In this paper, based on the coupled social networks (CSN), we propose a hybrid algorithm to nonlinearly integrate both social and behavior information of online users. Filtering algorithm, based on the coupled social networks, considers the effects of both social similarity and personalized preference. Experimental results based on two real datasets, Epinions and Friendfeed, show that the hybrid pattern can not only provide more accurate recommendations, but also enlarge the recommendation coverage while adopting global metric. Further empirical analyses demonstrate that the mutual reinforcement and rich-club phenomenon can also be found in coupled social networks where the identical individuals occupy the core position of the online system. This work may shed some light on the in-depth understanding of the structure and function of coupled social networks.

  8. Decontamination factors of ceramic filter in radioactive waste incineration system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kanbe, Hiromi; Mayuzumi, Masami; Ono, Tetsuo; Yoshiki, Shinya; Kouyama, Hiroaki; Nagae, Madoka; Sekiguchi, Ryosaku; Takaoku, Yoshinobu; Hozumi, Masahiro.

    1987-01-01

    A suspension-firing type radioactive waste incineration system is developed and cold demonstration testing of ceramic filters for the system are carried out. The incineration system, which is useful for a wide variety of waste materials, can serve to simplify the facilities and to reduce the costs for waste disposal. The incineration system can be used for drying-processing of concentrated waste liquids and disposal of flame resistant materials including ion exchange resins and rubber, as well as for ordinary combustible solid materials. An on-line backwash system is adopted to allow the ceramic filters to operate stably for a long period of time. For one-step filtering using the ceramic filter, the decontamination factor is greater than 10 5 for the processing of various wastes. In a practical situation, there exist vapor produced by the spray drier and the cladding in used ion exchange resin, which act to increase the decontamination performance of the ceramic filters to ensure safe operation. For the waste incineration system equipped with a waste gas processing apparatus consisting of a ceramic filter and HEPA filter, the overall decontamination factor is expected to be greater than 10 6 at portions down to the outlet of the ceramic filter and greater than 10 8 at portions down to the outlet of the HEPA filter. (Nogami, K.)

  9. Plan de empresa para la creación de un restaurante de comida casual argentina Punta Zur

    OpenAIRE

    Arango B., Gustavo Adolfo; Isaacs, Laura

    2011-01-01

    RESUMEN: Punta Zur, será un restaurante de comida casual dentro de la categoría de comida rápida, ubicado en Granada, Cali, que iniciará operaciones en Mayo de 2012. Los productos ofrecidos serán platos típicos del sur del continente americano, entre ellos el choripán y las brochetas (res, cerdo y pollo). También se ofrecerán acompañantes tales como papas, yucas fritas, chips de plátano y bebidas como jugos naturales, gaseosas y cervezas. En Punta Zur los clientes encontrarán un sitio en el q...

  10. The intractable cigarette ‘filter problem’

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-01-01

    Background When lung cancer fears emerged in the 1950s, cigarette companies initiated a shift in cigarette design from unfiltered to filtered cigarettes. Both the ineffectiveness of cigarette filters and the tobacco industry's misleading marketing of the benefits of filtered cigarettes have been well documented. However, during the 1950s and 1960s, American cigarette companies spent millions of dollars to solve what the industry identified as the ‘filter problem’. These extensive filter research and development efforts suggest a phase of genuine optimism among cigarette designers that cigarette filters could be engineered to mitigate the health hazards of smoking. Objective This paper explores the early history of cigarette filter research and development in order to elucidate why and when seemingly sincere filter engineering efforts devolved into manipulations in cigarette design to sustain cigarette marketing and mitigate consumers' concerns about the health consequences of smoking. Methods Relevant word and phrase searches were conducted in the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library online database, Google Patents, and media and medical databases including ProQuest, JSTOR, Medline and PubMed. Results 13 tobacco industry documents were identified that track prominent developments involved in what the industry referred to as the ‘filter problem’. These reveal a period of intense focus on the ‘filter problem’ that persisted from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s, featuring collaborations between cigarette producers and large American chemical and textile companies to develop effective filters. In addition, the documents reveal how cigarette filter researchers' growing scientific knowledge of smoke chemistry led to increasing recognition that filters were unlikely to offer significant health protection. One of the primary concerns of cigarette producers was to design cigarette filters that could be economically incorporated into the massive scale of cigarette

  11. Online software trigger at PANDA/FAIR

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kang, Donghee; Kliemt, Ralf; Nerling, Frank [Helmholtz-Institut Mainz (Germany); Denig, Achim [Institut fuer Kernphysik, Universitaet Mainz (Germany); Goetzen, Klaus; Peters, Klaus [GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH (Germany); Collaboration: PANDA-Collaboration

    2014-07-01

    The PANDA experiment at FAIR will employ a novel trigger-less read-out system. Since a conventional hardware trigger concept is not suitable for PANDA, a high level online event filter will be applied to perform fast event selection based on physics properties of the reconstructed events. A trigger-less data stream implies an event selection with track reconstruction and pattern recognition to be performed online, and thus analysing data under real time conditions at event rates of up to 40 MHz.The projected data rate reduction of about three orders of magnitude requires an effective background rejection, while retaining interesting signal events. Real time event selection in the environment of hadronic reactions is rather challenging and relies on sophisticated algorithms for the software trigger. The implementation and the performance of physics trigger algorithms presently studied with realistic Monte Carlo simulations is discussed. The impact of parameters such as momentum or mass resolution, PID probability, vertex reconstruction and a multivariate analysis using the TMVA package for event filtering is presented.

  12. Nonlinear Bayesian filtering and learning: a neuronal dynamics for perception.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kutschireiter, Anna; Surace, Simone Carlo; Sprekeler, Henning; Pfister, Jean-Pascal

    2017-08-18

    The robust estimation of dynamical hidden features, such as the position of prey, based on sensory inputs is one of the hallmarks of perception. This dynamical estimation can be rigorously formulated by nonlinear Bayesian filtering theory. Recent experimental and behavioral studies have shown that animals' performance in many tasks is consistent with such a Bayesian statistical interpretation. However, it is presently unclear how a nonlinear Bayesian filter can be efficiently implemented in a network of neurons that satisfies some minimum constraints of biological plausibility. Here, we propose the Neural Particle Filter (NPF), a sampling-based nonlinear Bayesian filter, which does not rely on importance weights. We show that this filter can be interpreted as the neuronal dynamics of a recurrently connected rate-based neural network receiving feed-forward input from sensory neurons. Further, it captures properties of temporal and multi-sensory integration that are crucial for perception, and it allows for online parameter learning with a maximum likelihood approach. The NPF holds the promise to avoid the 'curse of dimensionality', and we demonstrate numerically its capability to outperform weighted particle filters in higher dimensions and when the number of particles is limited.

  13. Online Artifact Removal for Brain-Computer Interfaces Using Support Vector Machines and Blind Source Separation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastian Halder

    2007-01-01

    that are designed for online usage. In order to select a suitable BSS/ICA method, three ICA algorithms (JADE, Infomax, and FastICA and one BSS algorithm (AMUSE are evaluated to determine their ability to isolate electromyographic (EMG and electrooculographic (EOG artifacts into individual components. An implementation of the selected BSS/ICA method with SVMs trained to classify EMG and EOG artifacts, which enables the usage of the method as a filter in measurements with online feedback, is described. This filter is evaluated on three BCI datasets as a proof-of-concept of the method.

  14. High-performance ceramic filters for energy engineering. Final report; Filter aus Hochleistungskeramik fuer die Energietechnik. Abschlussbericht

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Westerheide, R. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Werkstoffmechanik (IWM), Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany); Adler, J. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Keramische Technologien und Sinterwerkstoffe (IKTS), Dresden (Germany); Buhl, H. [ESK-SIC GmbH, Frechen-Grefrath (Germany); Fister, D. [H.C. Starck GmbH, Laufenburg (Germany); Krein, J. [LLB Lurgi Lentjes Energietechnik GmbH, Frankfurt (Germany); Voelker, W. [Annawerk GmbH, Roedental (Germany); Walch, A. [eds.] [USF Schumacher Umwelt- und Trenntechnik GmbH, Crailsheim (Germany)

    1999-09-30

    The hot gas particulate removal of many advanced coal fired power generation technologies works at temperatures above 800 C. The filter elements for these applications are often based on ceramic materials, e.g. silicon carbide. However, the mostly clay bonded silicon carbide is subject to creep and oxidation due to probable changes of the binder phase. In this work the development of new ceramic filter materials based on silicon carbide and alumina is described. The goal of the development was to increase the potential application temperature. To obtain the goal, the work was performed together with ceramic powder manufacturers, developers of ceramic materials and components as well as with companies who operate test facilities. Different routes were chosen to increase the high temperature resistance in consideration of corrosion resistance, fracture strength and pressure loss of the filter materials. One of these routes was the optimization of the binder phase of the silicon carbide materials. Other routes were concentrated on the base material and the investigation of other possibilities for the silicon carbide bonding, i.e. a recrystallization process of SiC (RSiC) or a self bonding of granulated small grained silicon carbide powder. Additionally filter materials based on alumina were developed. The report covers these material development oriented topics as well as the additional work in materials reliability, coating development and modeling of microstructure. (orig.) [German] In der Kombikraftwerkstechnik wird insbesondere bei Kohlefeuerung die Heissgasreinigung oft bei Temperaturen ueber 800 C eingesetzt. Die Filterelemente fuer diese Anwendungen bestehen oft aus keramischen Materialien. Das haeufig eingesetzte tongebundene Siliciumcarbid unterliegt jedoch besonders aufgrund der Beschaffenheit der Bindephase Kriech- und Oxidationsschaedigungen. In diesem Bericht wird die Entwicklung von neuen keramischen Filtermaterialien, die auf Siliciumcarbid oder

  15. An online replanning method using warm start optimization and aperture morphing for flattening-filter-free beams

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ahunbay, Ergun E., E-mail: eahunbay@mcw.edu; Ates, O.; Li, X. A. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 (United States)

    2016-08-15

    Purpose: In a situation where a couch shift for patient positioning is not preferred or prohibited (e.g., MR-linac), segment aperture morphing (SAM) can address target dislocation and deformation. For IMRT/VMAT with flattening-filter-free (FFF) beams, however, SAM method would lead to an adverse translational dose effect due to the beam unflattening. Here the authors propose a new two-step process to address both the translational effect of FFF beams and the target deformation. Methods: The replanning method consists of an offline and an online step. The offline step is to create a series of preshifted-plans (PSPs) obtained by a so-called “warm start” optimization (starting optimization from the original plan, rather than from scratch) at a series of isocenter shifts. The PSPs all have the same number of segments with very similar shapes, since the warm start optimization only adjusts the MLC positions instead of regenerating them. In the online step, a new plan is obtained by picking the closest PSP or linearly interpolating the MLC positions and the monitor units of the closest PSPs for the shift determined from the image of the day. This two-step process is completely automated and almost instantaneous (no optimization or dose calculation needed). The previously developed SAM algorithm is then applied for daily deformation. The authors tested the method on sample prostate and pancreas cases. Results: The two-step interpolation method can account for the adverse dose effects from FFF beams, while SAM corrects for the target deformation. Plan interpolation method is effective in diminishing the unflat beam effect and may allow reducing the required number of PSPs. The whole process takes the same time as the previously reported SAM process (5–10 min). Conclusions: The new two-step method plus SAM can address both the translation effects of FFF beams and target deformation, and can be executed in full automation except the delineation of target contour

  16. An online replanning method using warm start optimization and aperture morphing for flattening-filter-free beams

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ahunbay, Ergun E.; Ates, O.; Li, X. A.

    2016-01-01

    Purpose: In a situation where a couch shift for patient positioning is not preferred or prohibited (e.g., MR-linac), segment aperture morphing (SAM) can address target dislocation and deformation. For IMRT/VMAT with flattening-filter-free (FFF) beams, however, SAM method would lead to an adverse translational dose effect due to the beam unflattening. Here the authors propose a new two-step process to address both the translational effect of FFF beams and the target deformation. Methods: The replanning method consists of an offline and an online step. The offline step is to create a series of preshifted-plans (PSPs) obtained by a so-called “warm start” optimization (starting optimization from the original plan, rather than from scratch) at a series of isocenter shifts. The PSPs all have the same number of segments with very similar shapes, since the warm start optimization only adjusts the MLC positions instead of regenerating them. In the online step, a new plan is obtained by picking the closest PSP or linearly interpolating the MLC positions and the monitor units of the closest PSPs for the shift determined from the image of the day. This two-step process is completely automated and almost instantaneous (no optimization or dose calculation needed). The previously developed SAM algorithm is then applied for daily deformation. The authors tested the method on sample prostate and pancreas cases. Results: The two-step interpolation method can account for the adverse dose effects from FFF beams, while SAM corrects for the target deformation. Plan interpolation method is effective in diminishing the unflat beam effect and may allow reducing the required number of PSPs. The whole process takes the same time as the previously reported SAM process (5–10 min). Conclusions: The new two-step method plus SAM can address both the translation effects of FFF beams and target deformation, and can be executed in full automation except the delineation of target contour

  17. An online replanning method using warm start optimization and aperture morphing for flattening-filter-free beams.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahunbay, Ergun E; Ates, O; Li, X A

    2016-08-01

    In a situation where a couch shift for patient positioning is not preferred or prohibited (e.g., MR-linac), segment aperture morphing (SAM) can address target dislocation and deformation. For IMRT/VMAT with flattening-filter-free (FFF) beams, however, SAM method would lead to an adverse translational dose effect due to the beam unflattening. Here the authors propose a new two-step process to address both the translational effect of FFF beams and the target deformation. The replanning method consists of an offline and an online step. The offline step is to create a series of preshifted-plans (PSPs) obtained by a so-called "warm start" optimization (starting optimization from the original plan, rather than from scratch) at a series of isocenter shifts. The PSPs all have the same number of segments with very similar shapes, since the warm start optimization only adjusts the MLC positions instead of regenerating them. In the online step, a new plan is obtained by picking the closest PSP or linearly interpolating the MLC positions and the monitor units of the closest PSPs for the shift determined from the image of the day. This two-step process is completely automated and almost instantaneous (no optimization or dose calculation needed). The previously developed SAM algorithm is then applied for daily deformation. The authors tested the method on sample prostate and pancreas cases. The two-step interpolation method can account for the adverse dose effects from FFF beams, while SAM corrects for the target deformation. Plan interpolation method is effective in diminishing the unflat beam effect and may allow reducing the required number of PSPs. The whole process takes the same time as the previously reported SAM process (5-10 min). The new two-step method plus SAM can address both the translation effects of FFF beams and target deformation, and can be executed in full automation except the delineation of target contour required by the SAM process.

  18. An algorithm for calculating unsteady flow with free surface; Ein Verfahren zur Berechnung instationaerer Stroemungen mit freier Oberflaeche

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Janetzky, B.

    2001-07-01

    A numerical model for the transient, free surface flow is implemented in a Finite-Element program for the unsteady calculation of incompressible flow with free surface. The program is used to calculate the flow in different components of a hydraulic turbine, the Pelton turbine. The movement of the fluid with free surface is described mathematically by introducing a partial differential equation for the volume fraction. This equation is simply a transport equation for f, i.e. the volume fraction is advected with the flow in time. The equations is solved numerically. (orig.) [German] Es wird ein Verfahren zur Modellierung von veraenderlichen, freien Oberflaechen vorgestellt und in einem Finite-Elemente-Programm zur numerischen Berechnung von instationaeren, inkompressiblen Stroemungen implementiert. Die veraenderliche, freie Oberflaeche wird mit einem Volume-Of-Fluid Ansatz erfasst. Zur Approximierung der freien Oberflaeche werden stueckweise konstante oder gestufte Verlaeufe im Element angesetzt. Es werden die Eigenschaften des Verfahrens an ausgewaehlten Beispielen mit freier Oberflaeche untersucht. Das erweiterte Programm wird auf instationaere Stroemungen mit freier Oberflaeche in einer hydraulischen Maschine, der Peltonturbine, angewandt. (orig.)

  19. Detection of illicit online sales of fentanyls via Twitter [version 1; referees: 2 approved

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tim K. Mackey

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available A counterfeit fentanyl crisis is currently underway in the United States.  Counterfeit versions of commonly abused prescription drugs laced with fentanyl are being manufactured, distributed, and sold globally, leading to an increase in overdose and death in countries like the United States and Canada.  Despite concerns from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency regarding covert and overt sale of fentanyls online, no study has examined the role of the Internet and social media on fentanyl illegal marketing and direct-to-consumer access.  In response, this study collected and analyzed five months of Twitter data (from June-November 2015 filtered for the keyword “fentanyl” using Amazon Web Services.  We then analyzed 28,711 fentanyl-related tweets using text filtering and a machine learning approach called a Biterm Topic Model (BTM to detect underlying latent patterns or “topics” present in the corpus of tweets.  Using this approach we detected a subset of 771 tweets marketing the sale of fentanyls online and then filtered this down to nine unique tweets containing hyperlinks to external websites.  Six hyperlinks were associated with online fentanyl classified ads, 2 with illicit online pharmacies, and 1 could not be classified due to traffic redirection.  Importantly, the one illicit online pharmacy detected was still accessible and offered the sale of fentanyls and other controlled substances direct-to-consumers with no prescription required at the time of publication of this study.   Overall, we detected a relatively small sample of Tweets promoting illegal online sale of fentanyls.  However, the detection of even a few online sellers represents a public health danger and a direct violation of law that demands further study.

  20. Information filtering in evolving online networks

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Bo-Lun; Li, Fen-Fen; Zhang, Yong-Jun; Ma, Jia-Lin

    2018-02-01

    Recommender systems use the records of users' activities and profiles of both users and products to predict users' preferences in the future. Considerable works towards recommendation algorithms have been published to solve the problems such as accuracy, diversity, congestion, cold-start, novelty, coverage and so on. However, most of these research did not consider the temporal effects of the information included in the users' historical data. For example, the segmentation of the training set and test set was completely random, which was entirely different from the real scenario in recommender systems. More seriously, all the objects are treated as the same, regardless of the new, the popular or obsoleted products, so do the users. These data processing methods always lose useful information and mislead the understanding of the system's state. In this paper, we detailed analyzed the difference of the network structure between the traditional random division method and the temporal division method on two benchmark data sets, Netflix and MovieLens. Then three classical recommendation algorithms, Global Ranking method, Collaborative Filtering and Mass Diffusion method, were employed. The results show that all these algorithms became worse in all four key indicators, ranking score, precision, popularity and diversity, in the temporal scenario. Finally, we design a new recommendation algorithm based on both users' and objects' first appearance time in the system. Experimental results showed that the new algorithm can greatly improve the accuracy and other metrics.

  1. A multi-stage noise adaptive switching filter for extremely corrupted images

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dinh, Hai; Adhami, Reza; Wang, Yi

    2015-07-01

    A multi-stage noise adaptive switching filter (MSNASF) is proposed for the restoration of images extremely corrupted by impulse and impulse-like noise. The filter consists of two steps: noise detection and noise removal. The proposed extrema-based noise detection scheme utilizes the false contouring effect to get better over detection rate at low noise density. It is adaptive and will detect not only impulse but also impulse-like noise. In the noise removal step, a novel multi-stage filtering scheme is proposed. It replaces corrupted pixel with the nearest uncorrupted median to preserve details. When compared with other methods, MSNASF provides better peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structure similarity index (SSIM). A subjective evaluation carried out online also demonstrates that MSNASF yields higher fidelity.

  2. Vertebroplasty in the treatment of back pain; Vertebroplastie zur Therapie des Rueckenschmerzes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Trumm, C.G.; Jakobs, T.F.; Zech, C.J.; Weber, C.; Reiser, M.F.; Hoffmann, R.T. [Klinikum Grosshadern der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Institut fuer Klinische Radiologie, Muenchen (Germany)

    2006-06-15

    Beitrag sollen Indikationsstellung, periinterventionelle Bildgebung, Technik und klinische Ergebnisse der PVP dargestellt werden. Gemaess dem ''Interdisziplinaeren Konsensuspapier zur Vertebro- und Kyphoplastie'' der deutschen Fachgesellschaften sowie den Leitlinien der CIRSE aus dem Jahr 2005 werden die aktuellen Richtlinien zur Durchfuehrung der PVP erlaeutert. Die Ergebnisse einer eigenen Studie werden Komplikationsraten und klinischen Ergebnissen in der Literatur gegenuebergestellt. Die Indikation zur PVP besteht bei schmerzhaften osteoporotischen WKF und Wirbelkoerperosteolysen durch Metastasen und das multiple Myelom. Absolute Kontraindikationen sind v. a. asymptomatische WKF, eine Beschwerdelinderung unter medikamentoeser Therapie, therapierefraktaere Koagulopathien, Allergien gegen Zementbestandteile und aktive Infektionen. Zur Abschaetzung des Frakturalters, Ausschluss anderer Schmerzursachen und Beurteilung der Wirbelkoerperhinterkante sind vor der PVP eine MRT bzw. CT indiziert. Eine qualitativ hochwertige mono- oder biplanare Fluoroskopie - moeglichst in Kombination mit der CT(-Fluoroskopie) - sind bei der PVP erforderlich, um das Risiko von Zementleckagen zu minimieren. Bei 86-92% der Patienten wird durch die PVP eine deutliche Schmerzreduktion (mittlere Abnahme von 6,1 Punkten [VAS]) erreicht. Eine eigene Studie mit 58 behandelten Patienten (mittlerer Beobachtungszeitraum 323+/-99 Tage) zeigte in 77% der Faelle eine deutliche Beschwerdelinderung (-5,7 Punkte [VAS]). Die PVP ermoeglicht bei akutem und chronischem Rueckenschmerz durch osteoporotische WKF und tumorbedingte Osteolysen eine sichere und effektive minimalinvasive Therapie zur Stabilisierung und Schmerzreduktion. (orig.)

  3. The federations' agreement II on network utilisation; Die Verbaendevereinbarung II zur Netznutzung

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Birkner, P. [Lech-Elektrizitaetswerke AG, Augsburg (Germany)

    2001-06-18

    Against the background of the experience of the regional supplier Lech Elektrizitaetswerke AG (LEW AG) and in the view of the operator of a regional distribution network the author deals with three complexes of themes: 1. Federations' Agreement II on network utilisation - Flexible instrument for competition or unsuited attempt? 2. What progress and obstacles are identifiable on route towards the implementation of the Federations' Agreement II on network utilisation? 3. What adjustment of existing sets of rules towards the requirements of competition is necessary? (orig.) [German] Vor dem Erfahrungshintergrund des Erfahrungsbereiches des Regionalversorgers Lech-Elektrizitaetswerke AG (LEW AG) und aus der Sicht des Betreibers eines regionalen Verteilungsnetzes behandelt der Verfasser die drei Themenkomplexe: 1. Verbaendevereinbarung II zur Netznutzung - Flexibles Instrument fuer den Wettbewerb oder ungeeigneter Versuch? 2. Welche Fortschritte und Hindernisse sind auf dem Wege der Umsetzung der Verbaendevereinbarung II zur Netznutzung erkennbar? 3. Welche Anpassung vorhandener Regelwerke an die Erfordernisse des Wettbewerbs sind notwendig? (orig.)

  4. Online Wavelet Complementary velocity Estimator.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Righettini, Paolo; Strada, Roberto; KhademOlama, Ehsan; Valilou, Shirin

    2018-02-01

    In this paper, we have proposed a new online Wavelet Complementary velocity Estimator (WCE) over position and acceleration data gathered from an electro hydraulic servo shaking table. This is a batch estimator type that is based on the wavelet filter banks which extract the high and low resolution of data. The proposed complementary estimator combines these two resolutions of velocities which acquired from numerical differentiation and integration of the position and acceleration sensors by considering a fixed moving horizon window as input to wavelet filter. Because of using wavelet filters, it can be implemented in a parallel procedure. By this method the numerical velocity is estimated without having high noise of differentiators, integration drifting bias and with less delay which is suitable for active vibration control in high precision Mechatronics systems by Direct Velocity Feedback (DVF) methods. This method allows us to make velocity sensors with less mechanically moving parts which makes it suitable for fast miniature structures. We have compared this method with Kalman and Butterworth filters over stability, delay and benchmarked them by their long time velocity integration for getting back the initial position data. Copyright © 2017 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Renewable energies in Germany. Data on the development in 2016; Erneuerbare Energien in Deutschland. Daten zur Entwicklung im Jahr 2016

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2017-03-15

    The Working Group on Renewable Energy Statistics (AGEE-Stat), which regularly evaluates the use of renewable energies on behalf of the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy, has made an initial assessment of the development of renewable energies in Germany on the basis of available, mostly provisional data of 2016. The present background paper describes the previous findings for the areas of electricity, heat and transport, supplemented by figures on economic significance as well as on emission reductions through renewable energies. [German] Die Arbeitsgruppe Erneuerbare Energien-Statistik (AGEE-Stat), die im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums fuer Wirtschaft und Energie regelmaessig die Nutzung der erneuerbaren Energien bilanziert, hat auf der Grundlage verfuegbarer, zumeist vorlaeufiger Daten eine erste Abschaetzung zur Entwicklung der erneuerbaren Energien in Deutschland im Jahr 2016 erstellt. Das vorliegende Hintergrundpapier beschreibt die bisherigen Erkenntnisse fuer die Bereiche Strom, Waerme und Verkehr, ergaenzt um Zahlen zur wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung sowie zur Emissionsvermeidung durch erneuerbare Energien.

  6. Autonomous Integrated Navigation for Indoor Robots Utilizing On-Line Iterated Extended Rauch-Tung-Striebel Smoothing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yuan Xu

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available In order to reduce the estimated errors of the inertial navigation system (INS/Wireless sensor network (WSN-integrated navigation for mobile robots indoors, this work proposes an on-line iterated extended Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoothing (IERTSS utilizing inertial measuring units (IMUs and an ultrasonic positioning system. In this mode, an iterated Extended Kalman filter (IEKF is used in forward data processing of the Extended Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoothing (ERTSS to improve the accuracy of the filtering output for the smoother. Furthermore, in order to achieve the on-line smoothing, IERTSS is embedded into the average filter. For verification, a real indoor test has been done to assess the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is effective in reducing the errors compared with the conventional schemes.

  7. Entwicklung eines kontinuierlichen Verfahrens zur enzymkatalysierten Synthese eines strukturierten Triglycerides

    OpenAIRE

    Stadler, Hans-Gerhard

    2005-01-01

    Ausgangspunkt für die in der vorliegenden Arbeit durchgeführten Entwicklung eines kontinuierlichen Verfahrens zur Synthese des strukturierten Triglycerides 1,3-Oleyl-2-palmitoylglycerin war die von Schmid [Schmid 1999] entwickelte lipase-katalysierte Zwei-Schritt-Synthese für strukturierte Triglyceride vom Typ ABA [European Patent Application; EP 0 882 797 A2]. In der ersten Reaktionsstufe dieser zweistufigen Umesterung wird in einer Folgereaktion das Substrat Tripalmitin mit Hilfe ein...

  8. GRBOX: A New Online Catalog of GRBs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Perley, Daniel; Kemper, Yvonne

    2008-01-01

    With Swift detecting close to 100 new gamma-ray bursts each year, cataloging past bursts is more important than ever. To this end, we present a new online database (GRBOX: Gamma Ray Burst Online IndeX) indexing properties of every well-localized GRB since 1997. Unlike existing resources, the information in the catalog is presented to the user in the form of a sortable, filterable table and derives information for each burst from published catalogs as well as the GCN circulars and refereed publications. Short text summaries and links to other resources are also provided for every event

  9. Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung zur Klangfarbenwahmehmung von Vorschulkindern mit einem Klangmemory

    OpenAIRE

    Schellberg, Gabriele

    1998-01-01

    Im Unterschied zu anderen Bereichen der musikalischen Wahrnehmung gibt es zur Klangfarbenwahmehmung nur wenige Untersuchungen. Ein Grund dafür dürfte in den methodischen Schwierigkeiten liegen, die insbesondere bei der Untersuchung kleiner Kinder auftreten. Ein Klangfarbentest für Vorschulkinder existiert bislang nicht. Daher wurde nach mehreren Voruntersuchungen ein „Klangfarben-Memory“ als Methode entwickelt und bei Vorschulkindern eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse dieser empirischen Studie werden...

  10. Zur interaktionistischen Theorie der mediatisierten Kommunikation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ulrich Holefleisch

    2001-03-01

    Full Text Available Nicht nur Fachleute beklagen die mangelnde Qualität der deutschen Filme und Werbespots. Eine Ursache für die mangelnden Erfolge solcher mediatisierten Kommunikation liegt in einer systematischen Interaktionsstörung zwischen der Medienpraxis und Medienforschung. Die aktuelle deutschsprachige Medienwirkungsforschung entzieht sich weitgehend der gebotenen und von Macher/innen erwarteten gesellschafts- und praxisdienenden Aufgabe. Der Hauptgrund hierfür liegt darin, dass die zumeist zugrunde gelegten Forschungsrahmen (conceptual frameworks praxisrelevante Kategorien wie die der Zuschauerperspektive weitgehend ignorieren. Das hier vorgestellte interaktionistische Modell der mediatisierten Kommunikation will deshalb als Forschungsrahmen den Blick auf Übersehenes richten. Darüber hinaus soll dieses Modell auch für Praktiker als Prüfschema zur Mediaplanung dienen, mediatisierte Kommunikation - gemessen am eigenen Anspruch - kalkulierbarer und damit auch erfolgreicher zu machen.

  11. A generalized model via random walks for information filtering

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ren, Zhuo-Ming; Kong, Yixiu; Shang, Ming-Sheng; Zhang, Yi-Cheng

    2016-08-01

    There could exist a simple general mechanism lurking beneath collaborative filtering and interdisciplinary physics approaches which have been successfully applied to online E-commerce platforms. Motivated by this idea, we propose a generalized model employing the dynamics of the random walk in the bipartite networks. Taking into account the degree information, the proposed generalized model could deduce the collaborative filtering, interdisciplinary physics approaches and even the enormous expansion of them. Furthermore, we analyze the generalized model with single and hybrid of degree information on the process of random walk in bipartite networks, and propose a possible strategy by using the hybrid degree information for different popular objects to toward promising precision of the recommendation.

  12. What is required for purification and processing of biogas to the natural gas standard?; Was brauchen wir zur Reinigung/Aufbereitung von Biogas zu Erdgasqualitaet

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tentscher, W. [eco Naturgas Handels GmbH, Berlin (Germany)

    2002-07-01

    The most common gas scrubbing process in Europe, i.e. the wet scrubbing process, is described. Preliminary stages are coarse filtering, coarse dehydration and coarse desulphurisation. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide are absorbed in counterflow in water at a pressure of 6 to 10 bar. The water can be generated by pressure relief and can be recirculated. Plant components like compressors, absorption column, strippers and dryers are gone into as well as the mode of operation and control. [German] Das europaweit zur Aufbereitung von Biogas am meisten genutzte Verfahren der nassen Gaswaesche wird beschrieben. Vorausgehende Reinigungsschritte des Biogases sind Grobfilterung, Grobentfeuchtung und Grobentschwefelung. Kohlendioxid und gleichzeitig H{sub 2}S werden im Gegenstrom unter Druck von 6 bis 10 bar in Wasser absorbiert. Das Wasser kann durch Entspannung regeneriert und im Kreislauf gefuehrt werden. Auf die Komponenten der Anlage wie Kompressor, Absorptionskolonne, Stripper und Trockner wird ebenso eingegangen wie auf die Betriebsfuehrung und Steuerung. (orig.)

  13. Evaluation bibliothekarischer Online-Angebote: Usability und Usefulness – zwei Seiten einer Medaille

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thomas Weinhold

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Aus Anwendersicht sind für die Qualität bibliothekarischer Online-Angebote zwei Aspekte entscheidend. Einerseits müssen für sie relevante Inhalte zur Verfügung stehen. Andererseits sollte es mög­lichst einfach und intuitiv möglich sein, diese Inhalte zu finden und auf sie zuzugreifen. Die Themen Usefulness und Usability sind daher für Bibliotheken von grosser Bedeutung. Der Beitrag beschreibt wie diese beiden Aspekte evaluiert werden können und wie Bibliotheken anhand von BibEval und PECI selb­ständig ihre Angebote überprüfen können. From the users’ point of view two aspects are essential for the quality of library online services. On the one hand, relevant content must be available. On the other hand, it should be simple and intuitive to find and to access this content. Therefore, the topics usability and usefulness are of great importance for li­braries. This article describes how these two aspects can be evaluated and how libraries can use BibEval and PECI for assessments of their own services.

  14. Adaptive Rate Sampling and Filtering Based on Level Crossing Sampling

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Saeed Mian Qaisar

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available The recent sophistications in areas of mobile systems and sensor networks demand more and more processing resources. In order to maintain the system autonomy, energy saving is becoming one of the most difficult industrial challenges, in mobile computing. Most of efforts to achieve this goal are focused on improving the embedded systems design and the battery technology, but very few studies target to exploit the input signal time-varying nature. This paper aims to achieve power efficiency by intelligently adapting the processing activity to the input signal local characteristics. It is done by completely rethinking the processing chain, by adopting a non conventional sampling scheme and adaptive rate filtering. The proposed approach, based on the LCSS (Level Crossing Sampling Scheme presents two filtering techniques, able to adapt their sampling rate and filter order by online analyzing the input signal variations. Indeed, the principle is to intelligently exploit the signal local characteristics—which is usually never considered—to filter only the relevant signal parts, by employing the relevant order filters. This idea leads towards a drastic gain in the computational efficiency and hence in the processing power when compared to the classical techniques.

  15. Paediatric Virology as a new educational initiative: An interview with Nobelist Professor of Virology Harald zur Hausen.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mammas, Ioannis N; Spandidos, Demetrios A

    2017-10-01

    Born in Gelsenkirchen-Buer in Germany on March 11th, 1936, Professor Harald zur Hausen, Emeritus Professor of Virology at the University of Freiburg and 2008 Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes cervical cancer, believes that good knowledge of virological methods and diagnostic possibilities are an asset for all young paediatricians. Professor zur Hausen considers that the creation of an educational platform on Paediatric Virology is definitely very beneficial for young paediatricians, as this will greatly enhance their knowledge in the field of Virology. He very actively advocates the vaccination of boys for the eradication of HPV infection and emphasises that male HPV vaccination should be included into the current vaccination programmes. He would have certainly considered Dr George N. Papanicolaou (Kyme, Island of Euboea, Greece, 1883 - Miami, Florida, USA, 1962) as an excellent candidate for the Nobel Prize, stating that the contribution of Dr Papanicolaou did not find sufficient recognition in the past. In the context of the 3rd Workshop on Paediatric Virology, which will be held in Athens, Greece, on October 7th, 2017, Professor zur Hausen will give his plenary lecture on 'Paediatric Virology and Oncology: Virus persistence and the important first years of life'.

  16. Discussion of the applicability of overdammed fixed-bed reactors in nitrification processes; Beitrag zum Einsatz von ueberstauten Festbettreaktoren zur Nitrifikation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guenter, H.O.

    1996-12-31

    The investigation aimed at developing a dimensioning method for overdammed fixed bed nitrification reactors with plug flow which takes account of the reactor height. Further, information was to be obtained for assessing sudden loads and for comparing energy consumption with the data of conventional activated sludge plants. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, fuer ueberstaute, pfropfendurchstroemte Festbettreaktoren zur Nitrifikation einen Bemessungsansatz aufzustellen, welcher den Einfluss der Reaktorhoehe mit beruecksichtigt. Ferner sollten Erkenntnisse zur Beurteilung von Stossbelastungen sowie zum Energiebedarf im Vergleich zu herkoemmlichen Belebungsanlagen gewonnen werden. (orig./SR)

  17. Entwicklung von Cysteinproteaseinhibitoren - ein klassischer und ein kombinatorischer Ansatz zur Inhibitoroptimierung

    OpenAIRE

    Machon, Uwe Rainer

    2009-01-01

    Ziel der Dissertation „Entwicklung von Cysteinproteaseinhibitoren – ein klassischer und ein kombinatorischer Ansatz zur Inhibitoroptimierung“ war die Optimierung von neuen Inhibitoren von Falcipain-2 und Rhodesain als neue potentielle Wirkstoffe gegen Malaria bzw. die Schlafkrankheit über zwei verschiedene Methoden. Es handelt sich hierbei um einen klassischen und einen kombinatorischen Ansatz. Der klassische Ansatz basiert auf einer Struktur, deren Aktivität per Zufall entdeckt wurde. In Scr...

  18. Status reports on the development and application of acoustic emission analysis. Proceedings; Statusberichte zur Entwicklung und Anwendung der Schallemissionsanalyse. Beitraege

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2009-07-01

    This proceedings-CD comprises 20 papers presented at the 17. Kolloquium Schallemission (Acoustic Emission Colloquium) at Bad Schandau. The following subjects were discussed: 1. Acoustic emission analysis of tensile tests on standard test specimens of different wood materials; 2. Application of pattern recognition methods for damage analyses of fibre-reinforced plastics; 3. Acoustic emission analysis for measuring crack growth in finned armor steel under dynamic load; 4. Acoustic emission analysis with zonal sound location: Test objects, test results and evaluation of acoustic emission signals; 5. Acoustic emission analysis in overall fatigue testing of a wind rotor blade; 6. Laboratory methods for assessing the sensitivity of acoustic emission sensors; 7. Acoustic emission analysis in burst tests of cast aluminium casings; 8. Visualization of acoustic emission localizations; 9. Threshold-independent and complete recording of characteristics and wave forms of transient and continuous acoustic emission; 10. Characterization of wide-band acoustic emission sensors; 11. Handling of large data volumes in acoustic emission analysis, a contribution to the development of algorithms; 12. Acoustic emission analysis and ultrasonic analysis for the characterization of crack networks in saline rock. One of the papers is available as a separate record in this database. [German] Diese Tagungs-CD enthaelt 20 Vortraege, die auf dem 17. Kolloquium Schallemission in Bad Schandau gehalten wurden. Die Themen waren: 1. Schallemissionsanalyse von Zugversuchen an Standardpruefkoerpern aus unterschiedlichen Holzwerkstoffen; 2. Anwendung von Mustererkennungsverfahren zur Schadensanalyse in faserverstaerkten Kunststoffen; 3. Anwendung der Schallemissionsanalyse zur Ermittlung des Risswachstums bei schwingender Beanspruchung von geripptem Bewehrungsstahl; 4. Schallemissionspruefung mit zonaler Ortung Pruefobjekte, Pruefergebnisse und Nachbewertung von Schallemissionssignalen; 5

  19. Energy report for Bavaria, 1996/97. Data on the development of the Bavarian energy industry, with an energy balance; Energiebericht Bayern 1996/97. Daten zur Entwicklung der bayerischen Energiewirtschaft mit Energiebilanz

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-04-01

    The report presents the energy balance for Bavaria and provides information on: Bavarian energy industry; structure and development of primary and end-use energy consumption; situation and development of energy sources (electricity, gas, mineral oil, coal, district heating). (orig.) [Deutsch] Der Bericht enthaelt die Energiebilanz Bayern fuer das Berichtsjahr und bietet Informationen zur Energiewirtschaft in Bayern, zur Struktur und Entwicklung des Primaer- und Endenergieverbrauchs und zur Situation und Entwicklung bei den einzelnen Energietraegern (Elektrizitaet, Gas, Mineraloel, Kohle, Fernwaerme). (orig.)

  20. Konzepte und Methoden zur Qualitätssicherung bei der Produktion von hypertextuellen Online-Lernumgebungen

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christian Swertz

    2002-04-01

    Full Text Available Die didaktische Ontologie der Webdidaktik ermöglicht die Qualitätssicherung von Prozessen und Ergebnissen bei der Produktion von Online- Lernumgebungen. Die Qualität wird durch die am pädagogischen Prozess beteiligten Menschen bestimmt. Der Qualitätssicherungsprozess kann durch Software unterstützt werden. Für diese Prozesse der Qualitätssicherung bringt der Autor Beispiele aus dem Lerndorf (www.lerndorf.de und der Lernumgebung des von der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt geförderten Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekt «Zentrum für Umweltwissen und Bildung» (ZUB.

  1. Learning based particle filtering object tracking for visible-light systems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Wei

    2015-10-01

    We propose a novel object tracking framework based on online learning scheme that can work robustly in challenging scenarios. Firstly, a learning-based particle filter is proposed with color and edge-based features. We train a. support vector machine (SVM) classifier with object and background information and map the outputs into probabilities, then the weight of particles in a particle filter can be calculated by the probabilistic outputs to estimate the state of the object. Secondly, the tracking loop starts with Lucas-Kanade (LK) affine template matching and follows by learning-based particle filter tracking. Lucas-Kanade method estimates errors and updates object template in the positive samples dataset, and learning-based particle filter tracker will start if the LK tracker loses the object. Finally, SVM classifier evaluates every tracked appearance to update the training set or restart the tracking loop if necessary. Experimental results show that our method is robust to challenging light, scale and pose changing, and test on eButton image sequence also achieves satisfactory tracking performance.

  2. Filtering Access to Internet Content at Higher Education Institutions: Stakeholder Perceptions and Their Impact on Research and Academic Freedom

    Science.gov (United States)

    Orenstein, David I.

    2009-01-01

    Hardware and software filters, which sift through keywords placed in Internet search engines and online databases, work to limit the return of information from these sources. By their very purpose, filters exist to decrease the amount of information researchers can access. The purpose of this study is to gain insight into the perceptions key…

  3. Studien zur Messung von Rekonstruktionseffizienz und Untergrund der $\\tau$-Lepton-Identifikation im Zerfall $Z\\to \\tau \\tau$ beim ATLAS-Experiment aus Daten

    CERN Document Server

    Johnert, Sebastian

    2008-01-01

    In dieser Diplomarbeit werden zwei Methoden vorgestellt, mit denen τ -Leptonen in den zuk ̈nf- u tigen Daten des ATLAS-Experiments untersucht werden sollen. Den ersten Teil bildet die Be- stimmung von Missidentifikationsraten von Jets aus QCD-2-Jet-Ereignissen als τ -Leptonen. Der zweite Teil ist die Entwicklung einer Methode zur Bestimmung der τ -Rekonstruktions- und -Identifikationseffizienz relativ zur μ-Effizienz. In diesem Zusammenhang werden invariante Massen aus Z → ll-Ereignissen bestimmt, die Massen aus Z → τ τ -Ereignissen mit denen aus Z → ee und Z → μμ verglichen, τ -Effizienzen gemittelt uber alle Bereiche und in verschiedenen ̈ o η-Bereichen berechnet sowie eine M ̈glichkeit zur Bestimmung von τ -Effizienzen in unterschied- lichen Transversalimpulsbereichen vorgestellt. Des Weiteren wird eine verbesserte Absch ̈tzung a des QCD-Untergrunds vorgenommen und das Verhalten der τ -Effizienz unter Ber ̈cksichtigung u des Triggers untersucht.

  4. Online measurement of nitrification inhibitors in sewage received by an industrial sewage treatment plant. Development of a nitrification toximeter; Online-Messung nitrifikationshemmender Stoffe im Zulauf einer Industrieklaeranlage - Entwicklung eines Nitrifikationstoximeters

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Haid, M. [BASF AG, Ludwigshafen am Rhein (Germany)

    1999-07-01

    At an industrial sewage treatment plant, the ammonium freight in the effluent is to be further reduced in the future through nitrification. But constantly low effluent concentrations are only possible if the nitrification process is not inhibited. Bouts of critical concentrations of nitrification inhibitors in sewage received by treatment plant are potentially disturbing. Online measurement of nitrification inhibitors in sewage arriving at the treatment plant is to recognize such bouts and permit timely alert so that counter-measures can be taken, which may consist in routing sewage with such toxic concentrations into a storage basin, whereby a sharp slump in the nitrification process can be avoided. (orig.) [German] In einer Industrieklaeranlage soll kuenftig durch Nitrifikation die Ammoniumfracht im Auslauf weiter gesenkt werden. Konstant niedrige Ablaufwerte sind aber nur dann moeglich, wenn der Nitrifikationsprozess ungestoert ablaufen kann. Stoesse nitrifikationshemmender Stoffe in kritischen Konzentrationen im Zulauf zur Klaeranlage sind eine moegliche Stoergroesse. Mit Hilfe einer Online-Nitrifikationshemmmessung im Klaeranlagenzulauf sollen solche Stoesse erkannt und rechtzeitig alarmiert werden, damit Gegenmassnahmen, wie z.B. das Auffangen des toxischen Stosses durch eine Sicherheitsschaltung in einem Speicherbecken, eingeleitet und so signifikante Einbrueche des Nitrifikationsprozesses vermieden werden koennen. (orig.)

  5. Online cell SOC estimation of Li-ion battery packs using a dual time-scale Kalman filtering for EV applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dai, Haifeng; Wei, Xuezhe; Sun, Zechang; Wang, Jiayuan; Gu, Weijun

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► We use an equivalent circuit model to describe the characteristics of battery. ► A dual time-scale estimator is used to calculate pack average SOC and cell SOC. ► The estimator is based on the dynamic descriptions and extended Kalman filter. ► Three different test cases are designed to validate the proposed method. ► Test results indicate a good performance of the method for EV applications. -- Abstract: For the vehicular operation, due to the voltage and power/energy requirements, the battery systems are usually composed of up to hundreds of cells connected in series or parallel. To accommodate the operation conditions, the battery management system (BMS) should estimate State of Charge (SOC) to facilitate safe and efficient utilization of the battery. The performance difference among the cells makes a pure pack SOC estimation hardly provide sufficient information, which at last affects the computation of available energy and power and the safety of the battery system. So for a reliable and accurate management, the BMS should “know” the SOC of each individual cell. Several possible solutions on this issue have been reported in the recent years. This paper studies a method to determine online all individual cell SOCs of a series-connected battery pack. This method, with an equivalent circuit based “averaged cell” model, estimates the battery pack’s average SOC first, and then incorporates the performance divergences between the “averaged cell” and each individual cell to generate the SOC estimations for all cells. This method is developed based on extended Kalman filter (EKF), and to reduce the computation cost, a dual time-scale implementation is designed. The method is validated using results obtained from the measurements of a Li-ion battery pack under three different tests, and analysis indicates the good performance of the algorithm.

  6. Efficient FIR Filter Implementations for Multichannel BCIs Using Xilinx System Generator

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Usman Ghani

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Background. Brain computer interface (BCI is a combination of software and hardware communication protocols that allow brain to control external devices. Main purpose of BCI controlled external devices is to provide communication medium for disabled persons. Now these devices are considered as a new way to rehabilitate patients with impunities. There are certain potentials present in electroencephalogram (EEG that correspond to specific event. Main issue is to detect such event related potentials online in such a low signal to noise ratio (SNR. In this paper we propose a method that will facilitate the concept of online processing by providing an efficient filtering implementation in a hardware friendly environment by switching to finite impulse response (FIR. Main focus of this research is to minimize latency and computational delay of preprocessing related to any BCI application. Four different finite impulse response (FIR implementations along with large Laplacian filter are implemented in Xilinx System Generator. Efficiency of 25% is achieved in terms of reduced number of coefficients and multiplications which in turn reduce computational delays accordingly.

  7. Efficient FIR Filter Implementations for Multichannel BCIs Using Xilinx System Generator.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ghani, Usman; Wasim, Muhammad; Khan, Umar Shahbaz; Mubasher Saleem, Muhammad; Hassan, Ali; Rashid, Nasir; Islam Tiwana, Mohsin; Hamza, Amir; Kashif, Amir

    2018-01-01

    Background . Brain computer interface (BCI) is a combination of software and hardware communication protocols that allow brain to control external devices. Main purpose of BCI controlled external devices is to provide communication medium for disabled persons. Now these devices are considered as a new way to rehabilitate patients with impunities. There are certain potentials present in electroencephalogram (EEG) that correspond to specific event. Main issue is to detect such event related potentials online in such a low signal to noise ratio (SNR). In this paper we propose a method that will facilitate the concept of online processing by providing an efficient filtering implementation in a hardware friendly environment by switching to finite impulse response (FIR). Main focus of this research is to minimize latency and computational delay of preprocessing related to any BCI application. Four different finite impulse response (FIR) implementations along with large Laplacian filter are implemented in Xilinx System Generator. Efficiency of 25% is achieved in terms of reduced number of coefficients and multiplications which in turn reduce computational delays accordingly.

  8. Zur Interaktion von Genotyp und Ernährung bei Darmkrebs

    OpenAIRE

    Behrends, Thomas

    2013-01-01

    Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, sowohl die Auswirkungen einer veränderten Selenversorgung über die Nahrung als auch die Rolle des zentralen Transport- und Speicherproteins für Selen (Selenoprotein P, SepP) auf die intestinale Tumorigenese tierexperimentell zu untersuchen. Eine gestörte SepP-Expression, führte zur Ausbildung größerer Tumore. Durch eine Steigerung der Selenversorgung über die Nahrung eine signifikante Reduktion von Tumoranzahl und Gesamttumorfläche erzielt werden. Hierzu wurde den ...

  9. Odontologie im numismatischen Spiegel : Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Zahnheilkunde

    OpenAIRE

    Heckert, Gerold Rüdiger

    2006-01-01

    Obgleich Medaillen mit zahnheilkundlichen Motiven schon sehr lange vertreten sind, hat dies in der Literatur bisher wenig Beachtung gefunden. Eine eigenständige Veröffentlichung erschien 1988 herausgegeben von Ladendorf und Salaschek (Proskauer 1940), die sich aber nur mit der Reklame von Zahnärzten und für Zahnärzte auf Medaillen befasst. Dieser Publikation liegt die Zusammenstellung von Storer und der Katalog zur Sammlung Brettauer zu Grunde. In den USA führte der Gynäkologe Horatio...

  10. Dielectrophoresis microsystem with integrated flow cytometers for on-line monitoring of sorting efficiency

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Wang, Zhenyu; Hansen, Ole; Petersen, Peter Kalsen

    2006-01-01

    Dielectrophoresis (DEP) and flow cytometry are powerful technologies and widely applied in microfluidic systems for handling and measuring cells and particles. Here, we present a novel microchip with a DEP selective filter integrated with two microchip flow cytometers (FCs) for on-line monitoring...... of cell sorting processes. On the microchip, the DEP filter is integrated in a microfluidic channel network to sort yeast cells by positive DER The two FCs detection windows are set upstream and downstream of the DEP filter. When a cell passes through the detection windows, the light scattered by the cell...

  11. Assessing a robust ensemble-based Kalman filter for efficient ecosystem data assimilation of the Cretan Sea

    KAUST Repository

    Triantafyllou, George N.; Hoteit, Ibrahim; Luo, Xiaodong; Tsiaras, Kostas P.; Petihakis, George

    2013-01-01

    An application of an ensemble-based robust filter for data assimilation into an ecosystem model of the Cretan Sea is presented and discussed. The ecosystem model comprises two on-line coupled sub-models: the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) and the European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM). The filtering scheme is based on the Singular Evolutive Interpolated Kalman (SEIK) filter which is implemented with a time-local H∞ filtering strategy to enhance robustness and performances during periods of strong ecosystem variability. Assimilation experiments in the Cretan Sea indicate that robustness can be achieved in the SEIK filter by introducing an adaptive inflation scheme of the modes of the filter error covariance matrix. Twin-experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the assimilation system and to study the benefits of using robust filtering in an ensemble filtering framework. Pseudo-observations of surface chlorophyll, extracted from a model reference run, were assimilated every two days. Simulation results suggest that the adaptive inflation scheme significantly improves the behavior of the SEIK filter during periods of strong ecosystem variability. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

  12. Assessing a robust ensemble-based Kalman filter for efficient ecosystem data assimilation of the Cretan Sea

    KAUST Repository

    Triantafyllou, George N.

    2013-09-01

    An application of an ensemble-based robust filter for data assimilation into an ecosystem model of the Cretan Sea is presented and discussed. The ecosystem model comprises two on-line coupled sub-models: the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) and the European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM). The filtering scheme is based on the Singular Evolutive Interpolated Kalman (SEIK) filter which is implemented with a time-local H∞ filtering strategy to enhance robustness and performances during periods of strong ecosystem variability. Assimilation experiments in the Cretan Sea indicate that robustness can be achieved in the SEIK filter by introducing an adaptive inflation scheme of the modes of the filter error covariance matrix. Twin-experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the assimilation system and to study the benefits of using robust filtering in an ensemble filtering framework. Pseudo-observations of surface chlorophyll, extracted from a model reference run, were assimilated every two days. Simulation results suggest that the adaptive inflation scheme significantly improves the behavior of the SEIK filter during periods of strong ecosystem variability. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

  13. Aufbau humaner 3D-in-vitro-Testsysteme zur Risikobewertung von Nanomaterialien

    OpenAIRE

    Hampel, Martina

    2009-01-01

    Die Nanotechnologie stellt eine der Schlüsseltechnologien dieses Jahrhunderts dar Parallel zur Erschließung neuer Möglichkeiten, die die Nanotechnologie bietet, müssen jedoch auch mögliche Risiken untersucht werden. Die dabei zurzeit noch am häufigsten eingesetzte Untersuchungsmethode von Nanopartikeln ist die Verwendung zweidimensionaler in vitro Zellkulturen. Zum Einsatz kommen hier jedoch meist Zelllinien. Die Versuchsansätze entsprechen damit nicht den Bedingungen im menschlichen Körper. ...

  14. Isolation und Charakterisierung retroviraler Partikel und Proteine zur Untersuchung immunsuppressiver Effekte

    OpenAIRE

    Pietsch, Heiko

    2016-01-01

    Obgleich auf dem Gebiet der Transplantationsmedizin in jüngster Zeit beachtliche Fortschritte erzielt worden sind, ist der Mangel an Organspendern ein fortbestehendes Problem. Im Rahmen der Xenotransplantation können Schweine als Spender zur Transplantation von Zellen oder Organen beim Menschen dienen. Um die Sicherheit der Xenotransplantation zu gewährleisten, ist sowohl die Entwicklung sensitiver Nachweismethoden als auch die Einschätzung des Gefahrenpotentials durch eine Infektion für den ...

  15. An improved collaborative filtering approach for predicting cross-category purchases based on binary market basket data

    OpenAIRE

    Mild, Andreas; Reutterer, Thomas

    2002-01-01

    Retail managers have been interested in learning about cross-category purchase behavior of their customers for a fairly long time. More recently, the task of inferring cross-category relationship patterns among retail assortments is gaining attraction due to its promotional potential within recommender systems used in online environments. Collaborative filtering algorithms are frequently used in such settings for the prediction of choices, preferences and/or ratings of online users. This pape...

  16. Erstellung einer Checkliste zur Beurteilung des Arbeitsplatzes eines Physiotherapeuten nach ergonomischen Gesichtspunkten

    OpenAIRE

    Gauermann, Christoph

    2013-01-01

    Einleitung: Arbeitsbedingte Erkrankungen des Muskel-Skelett-Systems sind unter Physiotherapeuten sehr häufig. Die präventive Forschung hat diese Berufsgruppe bisher kaum untersucht. In diesem Zusammenhang stellt die Veränderung des Arbeitsumfeldes einen vielversprechenden Ansatz für die Verhinderung arbeitsbedingter Erkrankungen dar. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Erstellung einer Checkliste zur Bewertung des Arbeitsplatzes eines Physiotherapeuten zu erstellen. Material und Methoden: ...

  17. Twitter-Based Detection of Illegal Online Sale of Prescription Opioid.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mackey, Tim K; Kalyanam, Janani; Katsuki, Takeo; Lanckriet, Gert

    2017-12-01

    To deploy a methodology accurately identifying tweets marketing the illegal online sale of controlled substances. We first collected tweets from the Twitter public application program interface stream filtered for prescription opioid keywords. We then used unsupervised machine learning (specifically, topic modeling) to identify topics associated with illegal online marketing and sales. Finally, we conducted Web forensic analyses to characterize different types of online vendors. We analyzed 619 937 tweets containing the keywords codeine, Percocet, fentanyl, Vicodin, Oxycontin, oxycodone, and hydrocodone over a 5-month period from June to November 2015. A total of 1778 tweets (marketing the sale of controlled substances online; 90% had imbedded hyperlinks, but only 46 were "live" at the time of the evaluation. Seven distinct URLs linked to Web sites marketing or illegally selling controlled substances online. Our methodology can identify illegal online sale of prescription opioids from large volumes of tweets. Our results indicate that controlled substances are trafficked online via different strategies and vendors. Public Health Implications. Our methodology can be used to identify illegal online sellers in criminal violation of the Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act.

  18. A model-based adaptive state of charge estimator for a lithium-ion battery using an improved adaptive particle filter

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ye, Min; Guo, Hui; Cao, Binggang

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • Propose an improved adaptive particle swarm filter method. • The SoC estimation method for the battery based on the adaptive particle swarm filter is presented. • The algorithm is validated by the case study of different aged extent batteries. • The effectiveness and applicability of the algorithm are validated by the LiPB batteries. - Abstract: Obtaining accurate parameters, state of charge (SoC) and capacity of a lithium-ion battery is crucial for a battery management system, and establishing a battery model online is complex. In addition, the errors and perturbations of the battery model dramatically increase throughout the battery lifetime, making it more challenging to model the battery online. To overcome these difficulties, this paper provides three contributions: (1) To improve the robustness of the adaptive particle filter algorithm, an error analysis method is added to the traditional adaptive particle swarm algorithm. (2) An online adaptive SoC estimator based on the improved adaptive particle filter is presented; this estimator can eliminate the estimation error due to battery degradation and initial SoC errors. (3) The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using various initial states of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cells and lithium-ion polymer (LiPB) batteries. The experimental analysis shows that the maximum errors are less than 1% for both the voltage and SoC estimations and that the convergence time of the SoC estimation decreased to 120 s.

  19. IAE-adaptive Kalman filter for INS/GPS integrated navigation system

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Bian Hongwei; Jin Zhihua; Tian Weifeng

    2006-01-01

    A marine INS/GPS adaptive navigation system is presented in this paper. GPS with two antenna providing vessel's altitude is selected as the auxiliary system fusing with INS to improve the performance of the hybrid system. The Kalman filter is the most frequently used algorithm in the integrated navigation system, which is capable of estimating INS errors online based on the measured errors between INS and GPS. The standard Kalman filter (SKF) assumes that the statistics of the noise on each sensor are given. As long as the noise distributions do not change, the Kalman filter will give the optimal estimation. However GPS receiver will be disturbed easily and thus temporally changing measurement noise will join into the outputs of GPS, which will lead to performance degradation of the Kalman filter. Many researchers introduce fuzzy logic control method into innovation-based adaptive estimation adaptive Kalman filtering (IAE-AKF) algorithm, and accordingly propose various adaptive Kalman filters. However how to design the fuzzy logic controller is a very complicated problem still without a convincing solution. A novel IAE-AKF is proposed herein, which is based on the maximum likelihood criterion for the proper computation of the filter innovation covariance and hence of the filter gain. The approach is direct and simple without having to establish fuzzy inference rules. After having deduced the proposed IAE-AKF algorithm theoretically in detail, the approach is tested by the simulation based on the system error model of the developed INS/GPS integrated marine navigation system. Simulation results show that the adaptive Kalman filter outperforms the SKF with higher accuracy, robustness and less computation. It is demonstrated that this proposed approach is a valid solution for the unknown changing measurement noise exited in the Kalman filter.

  20. Establishing a Link Between Prescription Drug Abuse and Illicit Online Pharmacies: Analysis of Twitter Data.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Katsuki, Takeo; Mackey, Tim Ken; Cuomo, Raphael

    2015-12-16

    Youth and adolescent non-medical use of prescription medications (NUPM) has become a national epidemic. However, little is known about the association between promotion of NUPM behavior and access via the popular social media microblogging site, Twitter, which is currently used by a third of all teens. In order to better assess NUPM behavior online, this study conducts surveillance and analysis of Twitter data to characterize the frequency of NUPM-related tweets and also identifies illegal access to drugs of abuse via online pharmacies. Tweets were collected over a 2-week period from April 1-14, 2015, by applying NUPM keyword filters for both generic/chemical and street names associated with drugs of abuse using the Twitter public streaming application programming interface. Tweets were then analyzed for relevance to NUPM and whether they promoted illegal online access to prescription drugs using a protocol of content coding and supervised machine learning. A total of 2,417,662 tweets were collected and analyzed for this study. Tweets filtered for generic drugs names comprised 232,108 tweets, including 22,174 unique associated uniform resource locators (URLs), and 2,185,554 tweets (376,304 unique URLs) filtered for street names. Applying an iterative process of manual content coding and supervised machine learning, 81.72% of the generic and 12.28% of the street NUPM datasets were predicted as having content relevant to NUPM respectively. By examining hyperlinks associated with NUPM relevant content for the generic Twitter dataset, we discovered that 75.72% of the tweets with URLs included a hyperlink to an online marketing affiliate that directly linked to an illicit online pharmacy advertising the sale of Valium without a prescription. This study examined the association between Twitter content, NUPM behavior promotion, and online access to drugs using a broad set of prescription drug keywords. Initial results are concerning, as our study found over 45,000 tweets

  1. Balancing and dynamic behaviour of a biofilter plant for complete cleaning of municipal sewage; Bilanzierung und dynamisches Verhalten einer Biofilteranlage zur Vollreinigung von kommunalem Abwasser

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dickgreber, M.; Luebbecke, S. [Preussag Wassertechnik GmbH, Bremen (Germany)

    1999-07-01

    Where municipal sewage treatment plants need to be extended or enlarged, biofilter systems represent an economical alternative. They can be used both for supplementary residual elimination purposes and to treat complete sewage streams. For a biofilter system for complete cleaning of sewage employing the DENIPOR trademark -NCS process which has been in operation since 1996 (2*500 population value), studies in process dynamics are carried out and a complete balance is set up. (orig.) [German] Biofilter stellen bei notwendigen Erweiterungen und Ausbaumassnahmen von kommunalen Klaeranlagen eine wirtschaftliche Alternative dar. Sie koennen fuer weitergehende Restreinigungsaufgaben und zur Vollstrombehandlung eingesetzt werden. An einer seit 1996 in Betrieb befindlichen Biofilteranlage zur Vollreinigung von kommunalem Abwasser nach dem DENIPOR {sup trademark} -NCS Verfahren (2*500EW) werden Untersuchungen zur Prozessdynamik sowie eine vollstaendige Bilanzierung durchgefuehrt. (orig.)

  2. Improved OCV Model of a Li-Ion NMC Battery for Online SOC Estimation Using the Extended Kalman Filter

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ines Baccouche

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Accurate modeling of the nonlinear relationship between the open circuit voltage (OCV and the state of charge (SOC is required for adaptive SOC estimation during the lithium-ion (Li-ion battery operation. Online SOC estimation should meet several constraints, such as the computational cost, the number of parameters, as well as the accuracy of the model. In this paper, these challenges are considered by proposing an improved simplified and accurate OCV model of a nickel manganese cobalt (NMC Li-ion battery, based on an empirical analytical characterization approach. In fact, composed of double exponential and simple quadratic functions containing only five parameters, the proposed model accurately follows the experimental curve with a minor fitting error of 1 mV. The model is also valid at a wide temperature range and takes into account the voltage hysteresis of the OCV. Using this model in SOC estimation by the extended Kalman filter (EKF contributes to minimizing the execution time and to reducing the SOC estimation error to only 3% compared to other existing models where the estimation error is about 5%. Experiments are also performed to prove that the proposed OCV model incorporated in the EKF estimator exhibits good reliability and precision under various loading profiles and temperatures.

  3. Real-time MR diffusion tensor and Q-ball imaging using Kalman filtering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Poupon, C.; Roche, A.; Dubois, J.; Mangin, J.F.; Poupon, F.

    2008-01-01

    Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) has become an established research tool for the investigation of tissue structure and orientation. In this paper, we present a method for real-time processing of diffusion tensor and Q-ball imaging. The basic idea is to use Kalman filtering framework to fit either the linear tensor or Q-ball model. Because the Kalman filter is designed to be an incremental algorithm, it naturally enables updating the model estimate after the acquisition of any new diffusion-weighted volume. Processing diffusion models and maps during ongoing scans provides a new useful tool for clinicians, especially when it is not possible to predict how long a subject may remain still in the magnet. First, we introduce the general linear models corresponding to the two diffusion tensor and analytical Q-ball models of interest. Then, we present the Kalman filtering framework and we focus on the optimization of the diffusion orientation sets in order to speed up the convergence of the online processing. Last, we give some results on a healthy volunteer for the online tensor and the Q-ball model, and we make some comparisons with the conventional offline techniques used in the literature. We could achieve full real-time for diffusion tensor imaging and deferred time for Q-ball imaging, using a single workstation. (authors)

  4. H-SLAM: Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter SLAM Using Hilbert Maps

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guillem Vallicrosa

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Occupancy Grid maps provide a probabilistic representation of space which is important for a variety of robotic applications like path planning and autonomous manipulation. In this paper, a SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping framework capable of obtaining this representation online is presented. The H-SLAM (Hilbert Maps SLAM is based on Hilbert Map representation and uses a Particle Filter to represent the robot state. Hilbert Maps offer a continuous probabilistic representation with a small memory footprint. We present a series of experimental results carried both in simulation and with real AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles. These results demonstrate that our approach is able to represent the environment more consistently while capable of running online.

  5. Verfahren zur Hydroformylierung, Liganden mit von Bisphenol A abgeleiteter Struktur und Katalysator umfassend einen Komplex dieser Liganden

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    2002-01-01

    Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Hydroformylierung ethylenisch ungesättigter Verbindungen, wobei man als Hydroformylierungskatalysator wenigstens einen Komplex eines Metalss der VIII. Nebengruppe mit wenigstens einer phosphorhaltigen Verbindung als Liganden einsetzt, wobei diese

  6. Practical guide to more efficient use of energy in industry; Praxisleitfaden zur Foerderung der rationellen Energieverwendung in der Industrie

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-09-04

    Starting with an easily digestible explanation of fundamental concepts and terms in the field of energy and its applications, as well as the related thermodynamic principles and processes, the second chapter explains the system of energy and exergy. Chapters 3 and 4 give a comprehensive picture of current technologies and processes in energy generation and engineering, from energy applications for process heat generation through to power plants and combined and heat and power systems, fuel cells and energy generation from renewable primary sources, discussing related aspects of interest such as energy and pollutant emissions, and economic aspects. Chapter 5 is devoted to counselling and guidance for corporate energy engineering analysis and enhancement. Chapters 6 and 7 round up the comprehensive information addressing the legal aspects of procedures for licensing of energy generation and conversion systems, and the various financing instruments and schemes available for projects intended to promote more efficient use of energy. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Ausgehend von einer anschaulichen Beschreibung grundlegender Energiebegriffe und thermodynamischer Zusammenhaenge wird im zweiten Kapitel in klarer Weise das Zusammenspiel zwischen Energie und Exergie dargestellt. Aufbauend auf diesen grundlegenden Hinweisen bieten die Kapitel 3 und 4 eine weitreichende Uebersicht der gegenwaertig zur Verfuegung stehenden Prozess- und Energietechniken. Ausgehend von Techniken zur Prozesswaermebereitstellung spannt sich der Bogen ueber Kraftanlagen und Kraft-Waerme-Kopplungssysteme bis hin zu Brennstoffzellen und regenerativen Energietechniken, wobei der Schwerpunkt der Betrachtungen auf Energie- und Emissionsaspekte sowie wirtschaftliche Randbedingungen gelegt wurde. Kapitel 5 gibt Hinweise zur Vorbereitung und Durchfuehrung energietechnischer Beratungen und Analysen auf betrieblicher Ebene. Im Anschluss an den technischen Teil dieses Leitfadens folgt in Kapitel 6 eine Erlaeuterung der

  7. The contribution of tyre and brake abrasion to soot levels in streets; Beitrag des Reifen- und Bremsenabriebs zur Russemission an Strassen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rauterberg-Wulff, A.

    1998-09-01

    After the coming into force of the new soot emission thresholds as of July 1998, excess values are measured along many city streets. The author investigated whether tyre and brake abrasion contributes to soot emissions in addition to diesel soot. For this purpose, characteristic material and physical parameters of particles of diesel soot, tyre and brake material were investigated by thermography, AAS, and SEM. With the aid of a receptor-oriented approach, the contribution of these particles to soot levels measured in a highway tunnel and a Berlin city street could be assessed. The contribution of local traffic was calculated from the difference between soot levels along the road and in a background station. The measurements inside the tunnel served to determine emissin factors for diesel soot and abrasion particles from tyres and brakes. (orig.) [Deutsch] Mit Inkrafttreten des endgueltigen Russ-Immissionswertes der 23. Verordnung zum Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz im Juli 1998 ist an zahlreichen innerstaedtischen Strassen mit einer Ueberschreitung dieser Werte zu rechnen. Zur Beantwortung der Frage, inwieweit neben Dieselruss auch Reifen- und Bremsenabrieb zur verkehrsbedingten Russimmission beitragen, wurden charakteristische stoffliche und physikalische Eigenschaften von Dieselruss, Reifenabrieb und Bremsenabrieb mit der Thermographie, der AAS und der Rasterelektronenmikroskopie untersucht. Mit Hilfe dieses rezeptororientierten Ansatzes konnte der Beitrag dieser Partikel zur Russimmission in einem Autobahntunnel und an einer Hauptverkehrsstrasse in Berlin bestimmt werden, wobei zuerst der Beitrag des lokalen Verkehrs zur Russimmission aus der Differenz zwischen der Russimmission an der Strassen- und einer Hintergrundstation berechnet wurde. Mit Hilfe der Messungen im Tunnel konnten Emissionsfaktoren fuer Dieselruss und fuer Reifen- und Bremsenabriebpartikel bestimmt werden. (orig.)

  8. urCF: An Approach to Integrating User Reviews into Memory-Based Collaborative Filtering

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Zhenxue

    2013-01-01

    Blessed by the Internet age, many online retailers (e.g., Amazon.com) have deployed recommender systems to help their customers identify products that may be of their interest in order to improve cross-selling and enhance customer loyalty. Collaborative Filtering (CF) is the most successful technique among different approaches to generating…

  9. Indications for surgical resection of benign pancreatic tumors; Indikationen zur chirurgischen Therapie benigner Pankreastumoren

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Isenmann, R.; Henne-Bruns, D. [Chirurgische Universitaetsklinik, Klinik fuer Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Ulm (Germany)

    2008-08-15

    Benign pancreatic tumors should undergo surgical resection when they are symptomatic or - in the case of incidental discovery - bear malignant potential. This is the case for the majority of benign pancreatic tumors, especially for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms or mucinous cystic adenomas. In addition, resection is indicated for all tumors where preoperative diagnostic fails to provide an exact classification. Several different operative techniques are available. The treatment of choice depends on the localization of the tumor, its size and on whether there is evidence of malignant transformation. Partial duodenopancreatectomy is the oncological treatment of choice for tumors of the pancreatic head whereas for tumors of the pancreatic tail a left-sided pancreatectomy is appropriate. Middle pancreatectomy or duodenum-preserving resection of the pancreatic head is not a radical oncologic procedure. They should only be performed in cases of tumors without malignant potential. (orig.) [German] Die Indikationsstellung zur Resektion benigner Pankreastumoren ist gegeben, wenn es sich um einen symptomatischen Tumor handelt oder - bei einem Zufallsbefund - um einen Tumor mit Potenzial zur malignen Entartung. Dies besteht bei der Mehrzahl der benignen Pankreastumoren, insbesondere bei der intraduktalen papillaeren muzinoesen Neoplasie (IPMN) oder muzinoesen Zystadenomen. Operativer Abklaerung beduerfen auch Tumoren, die unter Ausschoepfung aller diagnostischer Moeglichkeiten nicht eindeutig klassifizierbar sind. An chirurgischen Therapieverfahren stehen verschiedene Techniken zur Verfuegung. Die Wahl des Verfahren haengt von der Groesse und Lokalisation des Tumors ab und von der Frage, ob eine maligne Entartung bereits stattgefunden hat. Das onkologisch korrekte Standardresektionsverfahren bei Tumoren des Pankreaskopfes ist die partielle Duodenopankreatektomie, bei Tumoren des Pankreasschwanzes die Pankreaslinksresektion. Eine segmentale Resektion des

  10. Sensory Pollution from Bag Filters, Carbon Filters and Combinations

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bekö, Gabriel; Clausen, Geo; Weschler, Charles J.

    2008-01-01

    by an upstream pre-filter (changed monthly), an EU7 filter protected by an upstream activated carbon (AC) filter, and EU7 filters with an AC filter either downstream or both upstream and downstream. In addition, two types of stand-alone combination filters were evaluated: a bag-type fiberglass filter...... that contained AC and a synthetic fiber cartridge filter that contained AC. Air that had passed through used filters was most acceptable for those sets in which an AC filter was used downstream of the particle filter. Comparable air quality was achieved with the stand-alone bag filter that contained AC...

  11. The potentials of spiral CT for detection of focal liver lesions; Moeglichkeiten der Spiral-CT zur Diagnostik fokaler Leberlaesionen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Helmberger, H. [Technische Univ. Muenchen, Klinikum rechts der Iser, Inst. fuer Roentgendiagnostik (Germany); Kersting-Sommerhoff, B. [Technische Univ. Muenchen, Klinikum rechts der Iser, Inst. fuer Roentgendiagnostik (Germany); Lenz, M. [Technische Univ. Muenchen, Klinikum rechts der Iser, Inst. fuer Roentgendiagnostik (Germany); Kirsten, R. [Technische Univ. Muenchen, Klinikum rechts der Iser, Inst. fuer Roentgendiagnostik (Germany); Bautz, W. [Technische Univ. Muenchen, Klinikum rechts der Iser, Inst. fuer Roentgendiagnostik (Germany)

    1996-03-01

    Spiral CT currently is the modality of choice for all aspects of diagnostic evaluation of the liver. Optimal selection of treatment should be based inter alia on the findings obtained by spiral CT with arterial application of contrast medium, as for example S-CTA (primary liver tumors), or S-CTAP (secondary liver tumors). Ultrasonography is the major supplementing modality. In the near future, MR imaging applying liver-specific contrast-enhancing agents is expected to become an important competing technique, and further developments of interest in diagnostic imaging of the liver are in the offing: it is not yet known which technique will be the modality of choice at the onset of the 21st century. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Spiral-CT ist zur Zeit das empfehlenswerte Verfahren fuer alle Fragen der Leberdiagnostik. Zur optimalen praetherapeutischen Beurteilung der Leber sollte die Spiral-CT mit arterieller Kontrastmittelapplikation als S-CTA (primaere Lebertumoren) bzw. S-CTAP (sekundaere Lebertumoren) durchgefuehrt werden. Der US kommt ein Stellenwert als ergaenzende Methode zu. In Zukunft wird die MRT mit leberspezifischen Kontrastmitteln ein konkurrierendes Verfahren zur Spiral-CT darstellen, wobei eine weitere interessante Entwicklung auf dem Gebiet der hepatischen Bildgebung zu erwarten ist: Das diagnostische Verfahren der Wahl fuer die Leber zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts ist noch nicht definiert. (orig.)

  12. An e-Learning Collaborative Filtering Approach to Suggest Problems to Solve in Programming Online Judges

    Science.gov (United States)

    Toledo, Raciel Yera; Mota, Yailé Caballero

    2014-01-01

    The paper proposes a recommender system approach to cover online judge's domains. Online judges are e-learning tools that support the automatic evaluation of programming tasks done by individual users, and for this reason they are usually used for training students in programming contest and for supporting basic programming teachings. The…

  13. Zur linguistischen Beschreibung kommunikativer Einheiten in gesprochener Sprache (On the Linguistic Description of Communicative Units in Oral Language)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rath, Rainer

    1973-01-01

    Slightly revised version of a lecture ( Zur grammatischen Beschreibung kommunikativer Elemente in Sprechakten'' Y On Grammatical Description of Communicative Elements in Speech''I) presented in Saarbrucken, West Germany, November 10, 1972. (DD)

  14. Collaborative Filtering Recommendation on Users' Interest Sequences.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Weijie Cheng

    Full Text Available As an important factor for improving recommendations, time information has been introduced to model users' dynamic preferences in many papers. However, the sequence of users' behaviour is rarely studied in recommender systems. Due to the users' unique behavior evolution patterns and personalized interest transitions among items, users' similarity in sequential dimension should be introduced to further distinguish users' preferences and interests. In this paper, we propose a new collaborative filtering recommendation method based on users' interest sequences (IS that rank users' ratings or other online behaviors according to the timestamps when they occurred. This method extracts the semantics hidden in the interest sequences by the length of users' longest common sub-IS (LCSIS and the count of users' total common sub-IS (ACSIS. Then, these semantics are utilized to obtain users' IS-based similarities and, further, to refine the similarities acquired from traditional collaborative filtering approaches. With these updated similarities, transition characteristics and dynamic evolution patterns of users' preferences are considered. Our new proposed method was compared with state-of-the-art time-aware collaborative filtering algorithms on datasets MovieLens, Flixster and Ciao. The experimental results validate that the proposed recommendation method is effective and outperforms several existing algorithms in the accuracy of rating prediction.

  15. Collaborative Filtering Recommendation on Users' Interest Sequences.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cheng, Weijie; Yin, Guisheng; Dong, Yuxin; Dong, Hongbin; Zhang, Wansong

    2016-01-01

    As an important factor for improving recommendations, time information has been introduced to model users' dynamic preferences in many papers. However, the sequence of users' behaviour is rarely studied in recommender systems. Due to the users' unique behavior evolution patterns and personalized interest transitions among items, users' similarity in sequential dimension should be introduced to further distinguish users' preferences and interests. In this paper, we propose a new collaborative filtering recommendation method based on users' interest sequences (IS) that rank users' ratings or other online behaviors according to the timestamps when they occurred. This method extracts the semantics hidden in the interest sequences by the length of users' longest common sub-IS (LCSIS) and the count of users' total common sub-IS (ACSIS). Then, these semantics are utilized to obtain users' IS-based similarities and, further, to refine the similarities acquired from traditional collaborative filtering approaches. With these updated similarities, transition characteristics and dynamic evolution patterns of users' preferences are considered. Our new proposed method was compared with state-of-the-art time-aware collaborative filtering algorithms on datasets MovieLens, Flixster and Ciao. The experimental results validate that the proposed recommendation method is effective and outperforms several existing algorithms in the accuracy of rating prediction.

  16. Collaborative Filtering Recommendation on Users’ Interest Sequences

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cheng, Weijie; Yin, Guisheng; Dong, Yuxin; Dong, Hongbin; Zhang, Wansong

    2016-01-01

    As an important factor for improving recommendations, time information has been introduced to model users’ dynamic preferences in many papers. However, the sequence of users’ behaviour is rarely studied in recommender systems. Due to the users’ unique behavior evolution patterns and personalized interest transitions among items, users’ similarity in sequential dimension should be introduced to further distinguish users’ preferences and interests. In this paper, we propose a new collaborative filtering recommendation method based on users’ interest sequences (IS) that rank users’ ratings or other online behaviors according to the timestamps when they occurred. This method extracts the semantics hidden in the interest sequences by the length of users’ longest common sub-IS (LCSIS) and the count of users’ total common sub-IS (ACSIS). Then, these semantics are utilized to obtain users’ IS-based similarities and, further, to refine the similarities acquired from traditional collaborative filtering approaches. With these updated similarities, transition characteristics and dynamic evolution patterns of users’ preferences are considered. Our new proposed method was compared with state-of-the-art time-aware collaborative filtering algorithms on datasets MovieLens, Flixster and Ciao. The experimental results validate that the proposed recommendation method is effective and outperforms several existing algorithms in the accuracy of rating prediction. PMID:27195787

  17. Einfalt der Vielfalt. Zur Heterogenität als neuer Norm der (Sexual-)Pädagogik

    OpenAIRE

    Dammer, Karl-Heinz

    2015-01-01

    Der Autor befasst sich mit der aktuellen Diskussion zur Schulentwicklung in Baden-Württemberg. Diese dreht sich um den Versuch, in den schulischen Lehrplan die sexuelle Vielfalt zum Thema zu machen. Dem Autor geht es dabei um die sexualpädagogischen Konsequenzen des Diversitätsdiskurses im Hinblick auf Heterogenität und ideologischen Implikationen von Normierung. (DIPF/JS)

  18. Ein praxisorientierter empirischer Ansatz zur Bestimmung des Ausfallverhaltens konventioneller Bremssysteme in Personenkraftwagen

    OpenAIRE

    Althaus, Dirk

    2009-01-01

    Der Funktionsumfang im Kraftfahrzeug nimmt bekanntlich stetig zu. Neben vollständig neu entwickelten Systemen werden aber auch bestehende durch zusätzliche Funktionen erweitert. Besonders für Sicherheitssysteme kann dies weitreichende Folgen haben, da solche Mehrbelastungen nicht nur zur Minderung der Zuverlässigkeit beitragen können, sondern evtl. auch die Sicherheit herabsetzen. Durch die steigende Vernetzung der Systeme und Komponenten untereinander ist es darüber hinaus nicht mehr aus...

  19. Data assimilation in the early phase: Kalman filtering RIMPUFF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Astrup, P.; Turcanu, C.; Puch, R.O.; Palma, C.R.; Mikkelsen, T.

    2004-09-01

    In the framework of the DAONEM project (Data Assimilation for Off-site Nuclear Emergency Management), a data assimilation module, ADUM (Atmospheric Dispersion Updating Module), for the mesoscale atmospheric dispersion program RIMPUFF (Risoe Mesoscale Puff model) part of the early-phase programs of RODOS (Realtime Online DecisiOn Support system for nuclear emergencies) has been developed. It is built on the Kalman filtering algorithm and it assimilates 10-minute averaged gamma dose rates measured at ground level stations. Since the gamma rates are non-linear functions of the state vector variables, the applied Kalman filter is the so-called Extended Kalman filter. In more ways the implementation is non standard: 1) the number of state vector variables varies with time, and 2) the state vector variables are prediction updated with 1-minute time steps but only Kalman filtered every 10 minutes, and this based on time averaged measurements. Given reasonable conditions, i.e. a spatially dense distribution of gamma monitors and a realistic wind field, the developed ADUM module is found to be able to enhance the prediction of the gamma dose field. Based on some of the Kalman filtering parameters, another module, ToDeMM, has been developed for providing the late-phase DeMM (Deposition Monitoring Module) of RODOS with an ensemble of fields of ground level air concentrations and wet deposited material. This accounts for the uncertainty estimation of this kind of quantities as calculated by RIMPUFF for use by DeMM. (au)

  20. Event filter monitoring with the ATLAS tile calorimeter

    CERN Document Server

    Fiorini, L

    2008-01-01

    The ATLAS Tile Calorimeter detector is presently involved in an intense phase of subsystems integration and commissioning with muons of cosmic origin. Various monitoring programs have been developed at different levels of the data flow to tune the set-up of the detector running conditions and to provide a fast and reliable assessment of the data quality already during data taking. This paper focuses on the monitoring system integrated in the highest level of the ATLAS trigger system, the Event Filter, and its deployment during the Tile Calorimeter commissioning with cosmic ray muons. The key feature of Event Filter monitoring is the capability of performing detector and data quality control on complete physics events at the trigger level, hence before events are stored on disk. In ATLAS' online data flow, this is the only monitoring system capable of giving a comprehensive event quality feedback.

  1. Electrochemical dissolution characteristics of Zn, Mg, Al and ZnMg(Al) alloys

    OpenAIRE

    Rossrucker, Lisa (M. Sc.)

    2016-01-01

    Thema der Dissertation ist die Untersuchung des elektrochemischen Auflösungsverhaltens von Zink, Magnesium, Aluminium und von zinkreichen Gusslegierungen. Um detallierte Einblicke in den Mechanismus der Korrosion dieser Materialien zu erhalten, wurde eine mikroelektrochemische Durchflusszelle mit verschiedenen Online-Analysemethoden gekoppelt. Hierfür wurde zur Quantifizierung der Metallauflösung ein UV-VIS-Spektrometer bzw. ein induktiv gekoppeltes Plasma-Massenspektrometer verwendet. Zur An...

  2. On-line prediction of chemical composition of semi-frozen ground beef by non-invasive NIR spectroscopy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tøgersen, G; Arnesen, J F; Nilsen, B N; Hildrum, K I

    2003-04-01

    The chemical composition of industrial scale batches of frozen beef was measured on-line during grinding by near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy. The MM55E filter based non-contact NIR instrument was mounted at the outlet of a meat grinder, and the fat, moisture and protein contents determined from the average of each filter reading throughout the grinding of the batch. The filters were selected from full spectra measurements to be as insensitive to water crystallization as possible. For on-line calibration and prediction, 55 beef batches of 400-800 kg in the range of 7.66-22.91% fat, 59.36-71.48% moisture, and 17.04-20.76% protein, were ground through 4 or 13 mm hole plates. The regression results, presented as root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) were between 0.48 and 1.11% for fat, 0.43 and 0.97% for moisture and 0.41 and 0.47% for protein.

  3. Online artifact removal for brain-computer interfaces using support vector machines and blind source separation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Halder, Sebastian; Bensch, Michael; Mellinger, Jürgen; Bogdan, Martin; Kübler, Andrea; Birbaumer, Niels; Rosenstiel, Wolfgang

    2007-01-01

    We propose a combination of blind source separation (BSS) and independent component analysis (ICA) (signal decomposition into artifacts and nonartifacts) with support vector machines (SVMs) (automatic classification) that are designed for online usage. In order to select a suitable BSS/ICA method, three ICA algorithms (JADE, Infomax, and FastICA) and one BSS algorithm (AMUSE) are evaluated to determine their ability to isolate electromyographic (EMG) and electrooculographic (EOG) artifacts into individual components. An implementation of the selected BSS/ICA method with SVMs trained to classify EMG and EOG artifacts, which enables the usage of the method as a filter in measurements with online feedback, is described. This filter is evaluated on three BCI datasets as a proof-of-concept of the method.

  4. Improving information filtering via network manipulation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Fuguo; Zeng, An

    2012-12-01

    The recommender system is a very promising way to address the problem of overabundant information for online users. Although the information filtering for the online commercial systems has received much attention recently, almost all of the previous works are dedicated to design new algorithms and consider the user-item bipartite networks as given and constant information. However, many problems for recommender systems such as the cold-start problem (i.e., low recommendation accuracy for the small-degree items) are actually due to the limitation of the underlying user-item bipartite networks. In this letter, we propose a strategy to enhance the performance of the already existing recommendation algorithms by directly manipulating the user-item bipartite networks, namely adding some virtual connections to the networks. Numerical analyses on two benchmark data sets, MovieLens and Netflix, show that our method can remarkably improves the recommendation performance. Specifically, it not only improves the recommendations accuracy (especially for the small-degree items), but also helps the recommender systems generate more diverse and novel recommendations.

  5. [Rolf Hammel-Kiesow. Der Lübecker Katasterplan des 19. Jahrhunderts als historische Quelle. Überlegungen zur Stadtentwicklung Lübecks aus archäologischer, historischer und bauhistorischen Zicht] / Dennis Hormuth

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Hormuth, Dennis

    2013-01-01

    Arvustus : Rolf Hammel-Kiesow. Der LÜbecker Katasterplan des 19. Jahrhunderts als historische Quelle. Überlegungen zur Stadtentwicklung Lübecks aus archäologischer, historischer und bauhistorischen Sicht. In: Stadtgründung und Stadterweiterung. Beiträge von Archäologie und Stadtgeschichtsforschung (=Beiträge zur Geschichte der Städte Mitteleuropas XXII). Linz, 2011. S. 75-104

  6. Nonlinear system identification based on Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy modeling and unscented Kalman filter.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vafamand, Navid; Arefi, Mohammad Mehdi; Khayatian, Alireza

    2018-03-01

    This paper proposes two novel Kalman-based learning algorithms for an online Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model identification. The proposed approaches are designed based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and the concept of dual estimation. Contrary to the extended Kalman filter (EKF) which utilizes derivatives of nonlinear functions, the UKF employs the unscented transformation. Consequently, non-differentiable membership functions can be considered in the structure of the TS models. This makes the proposed algorithms to be applicable for the online parameter calculation of wider classes of TS models compared to the recently published papers concerning the same issue. Furthermore, because of the great capability of the UKF in handling severe nonlinear dynamics, the proposed approaches can effectively approximate the nonlinear systems. Finally, numerical and practical examples are provided to show the advantages of the proposed approaches. Simulation results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed methods and performance improvement based on the root mean square (RMS) of the estimation error compared to the existing results. Copyright © 2018 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Filter arrays

    Science.gov (United States)

    Page, Ralph H.; Doty, Patrick F.

    2017-08-01

    The various technologies presented herein relate to a tiled filter array that can be used in connection with performance of spatial sampling of optical signals. The filter array comprises filter tiles, wherein a first plurality of filter tiles are formed from a first material, the first material being configured such that only photons having wavelengths in a first wavelength band pass therethrough. A second plurality of filter tiles is formed from a second material, the second material being configured such that only photons having wavelengths in a second wavelength band pass therethrough. The first plurality of filter tiles and the second plurality of filter tiles can be interspersed to form the filter array comprising an alternating arrangement of first filter tiles and second filter tiles.

  8. Neural Online Filtering Based on Preprocessed Calorimeter Data

    CERN Document Server

    Torres, R C; The ATLAS collaboration; Simas Filho, E F; De Seixas, J M

    2009-01-01

    Among LHC detectors, ATLAS aims at coping with such high event rate by designing a three-level online triggering system. The first level trigger output will be ~75 kHz. This level will mark the regions where relevant events were found. The second level will validate LVL1 decision by looking only at the approved data using full granularity. At the level two output, the event rate will be reduced to ~2 kHz. Finally, the third level will look at full event information and a rate of ~200 Hz events is expected to be approved, and stored in persistent media for further offline analysis. Many interesting events decay into electrons, which have to be identified from the huge background noise (jets). This work proposes a high-efficient LVL2 electron / jet discrimination system based on neural networks fed from preprocessed calorimeter information. The feature extraction part of the proposed system performs a ring structure of data description. A set of concentric rings centered at the highest energy cell is generated ...

  9. MRI methods for pulmonary ventilation and perfusion imaging; Methoden der MRT zur Ventilations- und Perfusionsbildgebung der Lunge

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sommer, G. [Universitaetsspital Basel, Klinik fuer Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Basel (Switzerland); Bauman, G. [Universitaetsspital Basel, Klinik fuer Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin - Radiologische Physik, Basel (Switzerland)

    2016-02-15

    Detektion frueher pathologischer Veraenderungen. Standardverfahren der bildgebenden Lungendiagnostik sind die Computertomographie (CT) zur morphologischen Darstellung und die Perfusions-/Ventilationsszintigraphie bzw. ''single photon emission computed tomography'' (SPECT) zur funktionellen Diagnostik. Zur Darstellung der Lungenventilation stehen die MRT mit hyperpolarisierten Gasen, die O{sub 2}-verstaerkte MRT, die MRT mit fluorierten Gasen und die Fourier-Dekompositions-MRT (FD-MRT) zur Verfuegung. Zur Perfusionsbestimmung koennen die dynamische kontrastmittelverstaerkte MRT (DCE-MRT), das ''arterial spin labeling'' (ASL) und die FD-MRT verwendet werden. Bildgebende Verfahren erlauben einen genaueren Einblick in die Pathophysiologie der Lungenfunktion auf regionaler Ebene. Vorteile der MRT sind die fehlende Strahlenbelastung, welche die schonende Akquisition dynamischer Daten ermoeglicht sowie die Vielfalt der verfuegbaren Kontraste und damit zugaenglichen Parameter der Lungenfunktion. Ausreichende klinische Daten existieren nur fuer bestimmte Anwendungen der DCE-MRT. Fuer die uebrigen Verfahren gibt es lediglich Machbarkeitsstudien und Fallserien mit unterschiedlichem Umfang. Hyperpolarisierte Gase sind technisch bedingt nur eingeschraenkt in der Klinik anwendbar. Ein klinischer Einsatz der genannten Verfahren sollte mit Ausnahme der DCE-MRT nur innerhalb von Studien erfolgen. (orig.)

  10. The KLOE online calibration system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pasqualucci, E.; Alexander, G.; Aloisio, A.

    2001-01-01

    Based on all the features of the KLOE online software, the online calibration system performs current calibration quality checking in real time and starts automatically new calibration procedures when needed. A calibration manager process controls the system, implementing the interface to the online system, receiving information from the run control and translating its state transitions to a separate state machine. It acts as a 'calibration run controller' and performs failure recovery when requested by a set of process checkers. The core of the system is a multi-threaded OO histogram server that receives histogramming commands by remote processes and operates on local ROOT histograms. A client library and C, fortran and C++ application interface libraries allow the user to connect and define his own histogram or read histograms owned by others using an book-like interface. Several calibration processes running in parallel in a distributed, multiplatform environment can fill the same histograms, allowing fast external information check. A monitor thread allow remote browsing for visual inspection. Pre-filtered data are read in non-privileged spy mode from the data acquisition system via the Kloe Integrated Dataflow. The main characteristics of the system are presented

  11. [Heinz von zur Mühlen. Auf den Spuren einiger revlaer Firmen und Familien] / Paul Kaegbein

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kaegbein, Paul

    2007-01-01

    Arvustus: Heinz von zur Mühlen. Auf den Spuren einiger revlaer Firmen und Familien. In : Buch und Bildung im Baltikum. Münster : LIT, 2005, lk. 527-541. Pika tänava majade omanikest alates 17. sajandist - perekonnad Koch, Meyer, Kluge, Ströhm, Wassermann, Glehn, Eggers, Koppelson, Weiss. Nii loob autor pildi Tallinna "firmade ajaloost"

  12. Application of wavelet-based multi-model Kalman filters to real-time flood forecasting

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chou, Chien-Ming; Wang, Ru-Yih

    2004-04-01

    This paper presents the application of a multimodel method using a wavelet-based Kalman filter (WKF) bank to simultaneously estimate decomposed state variables and unknown parameters for real-time flood forecasting. Applying the Haar wavelet transform alters the state vector and input vector of the state space. In this way, an overall detail plus approximation describes each new state vector and input vector, which allows the WKF to simultaneously estimate and decompose state variables. The wavelet-based multimodel Kalman filter (WMKF) is a multimodel Kalman filter (MKF), in which the Kalman filter has been substituted for a WKF. The WMKF then obtains M estimated state vectors. Next, the M state-estimates, each of which is weighted by its possibility that is also determined on-line, are combined to form an optimal estimate. Validations conducted for the Wu-Tu watershed, a small watershed in Taiwan, have demonstrated that the method is effective because of the decomposition of wavelet transform, the adaptation of the time-varying Kalman filter and the characteristics of the multimodel method. Validation results also reveal that the resulting method enhances the accuracy of the runoff prediction of the rainfall-runoff process in the Wu-Tu watershed.

  13. Strong Tracking Filter for Nonlinear Systems with Randomly Delayed Measurements and Correlated Noises

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hongtao Yang

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper proposes a novel strong tracking filter (STF, which is suitable for dealing with the filtering problem of nonlinear systems when the following cases occur: that is, the constructed model does not match the actual system, the measurements have the one-step random delay, and the process and measurement noises are correlated at the same epoch. Firstly, a framework of decoupling filter (DF based on equivalent model transformation is derived. Further, according to the framework of DF, a new extended Kalman filtering (EKF algorithm via using first-order linearization approximation is developed. Secondly, the computational process of the suboptimal fading factor is derived on the basis of the extended orthogonality principle (EOP. Thirdly, the ultimate form of the proposed STF is obtained by introducing the suboptimal fading factor into the above EKF algorithm. The proposed STF can automatically tune the suboptimal fading factor on the basis of the residuals between available and predicted measurements and further the gain matrices of the proposed STF tune online to improve the filtering performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed STF has been proved through numerical simulation experiments.

  14. Kalman filtering and smoothing for linear wave equations with model error

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Wonjung; McDougall, D; Stuart, A M

    2011-01-01

    Filtering is a widely used methodology for the incorporation of observed data into time-evolving systems. It provides an online approach to state estimation inverse problems when data are acquired sequentially. The Kalman filter plays a central role in many applications because it is exact for linear systems subject to Gaussian noise, and because it forms the basis for many approximate filters which are used in high-dimensional systems. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of model error on the Kalman filter, in the context of linear wave propagation problems. A consistency result is proved when no model error is present, showing recovery of the true signal in the large data limit. This result, however, is not robust: it is also proved that arbitrarily small model error can lead to inconsistent recovery of the signal in the large data limit. If the model error is in the form of a constant shift to the velocity, the filtering and smoothing distributions only recover a partial Fourier expansion, a phenomenon related to aliasing. On the other hand, for a class of wave velocity model errors which are time dependent, it is possible to recover the filtering distribution exactly, but not the smoothing distribution. Numerical results are presented which corroborate the theory, and also propose a computational approach which overcomes the inconsistency in the presence of model error, by relaxing the model

  15. Online Kinematic and Dynamic-State Estimation for Constrained Multibody Systems Based on IMUs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Torres-Moreno, José Luis; Blanco-Claraco, José Luis; Giménez-Fernández, Antonio; Sanjurjo, Emilio; Naya, Miguel Ángel

    2016-01-01

    This article addresses the problems of online estimations of kinematic and dynamic states of a mechanism from a sequence of noisy measurements. In particular, we focus on a planar four-bar linkage equipped with inertial measurement units (IMUs). Firstly, we describe how the position, velocity, and acceleration of all parts of the mechanism can be derived from IMU signals by means of multibody kinematics. Next, we propose the novel idea of integrating the generic multibody dynamic equations into two variants of Kalman filtering, i.e., the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), in a way that enables us to handle closed-loop, constrained mechanisms, whose state space variables are not independent and would normally prevent the direct use of such estimators. The proposal in this work is to apply those estimators over the manifolds of allowed positions and velocities, by means of estimating a subset of independent coordinates only. The proposed techniques are experimentally validated on a testbed equipped with encoders as a means of establishing the ground-truth. Estimators are run online in real-time, a feature not matched by any previous procedure of those reported in the literature on multibody dynamics. PMID:26959027

  16. Digital Simulation of a Hybrid Active Filter - An Active Filter in Series with a Shunt Passive Filter

    OpenAIRE

    Sitaram, Mahesh I; Padiyar, KR; Ramanarayanan, V

    1998-01-01

    Active filters have long been in use for the filtering of power system load harmonics. In this paper, the digital simulation results of a hybrid active power filter system for a rectifier load are presented. The active filter is used for filtering higher order harmonics as the dominant harmonics are filtered by the passive filter. This reduces the rating of the active filter significantly. The DC capacitor voltage of the active filter is controlled using a PI controller.

  17. Identifikationsverfahren zur Analyse von EEG-Signalen bei Epilepsie mit Reaktions-Diffusions Netzwerken

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gollas, F.; Tetzlaff, R.

    2007-06-01

    Partielle Differentialgleichungen des Reaktions-Diffusions-Typs beschreiben Phänomene wie Musterbildung, nichtlineare Wellenausbreitung und deterministisches Chaos und werden oft zur Untersuchung komplexer Vorgänge auf den Gebieten der Biologie, Chemie und Physik herangezogen. Zellulare Nichtlineare Netzwerke (CNN) sind eine räumliche Anordnung vergleichsweise einfacher dynamischer Systeme, die eine lokale Kopplung untereinander aufweisen. Durch eine Diskretisierung der Ortsvariablen können Reaktions-Diffusions-Gleichungen häufig auf CNN mit nichtlinearen Gewichtsfunktionen abgebildet werden. Die resultierenden Reaktions-Diffusions-CNN (RD-CNN) weisen dann in ihrer Dynamik näherungsweise gleiches Verhalten wie die zugrunde gelegten Reaktions-Diffusions-Systeme auf. Werden RD-CNN zur Identifikation neuronaler Strukturen anhand von EEG-Signalen herangezogen, so besteht die Möglichkeit festzustellen, ob das gefundene Netzwerk lokale Aktivität aufweist. Die von Chua eingeführte Theorie der lokalen Aktivität Chua (1998); Dogaru und Chua (1998) liefert eine notwendige Bedingung für das Auftreten von emergentem Verhalten in zellularen Netzwerken. Änderungen in den Parametern bestimmter RD-CNN könnten auf bevorstehende epileptische Anfälle hinweisen. In diesem Beitrag steht die Identifikation neuronaler Strukturen anhand von EEG-Signalen durch Reaktions-Diffusions-Netzwerke im Vordergrund der dargestellten Untersuchungen. In der Ergebnisdiskussion wird insbesondere auch die Frage nach einer geeigneten Netzwerkstruktur mit minimaler Komplexität behandelt.

  18. A simulation of the SDC on-line processing farm

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, C.; Chen, Y.; Dorenbosch, J.; Lee, J.; Sayle, R.

    1993-10-01

    In the Solenoidal Detector Collaboration (SDC) data acquisition system (DAQ), an enormous amount of data flows into a processor farm for extraction of interesting physics events. To design an efficient on-line filter, the operations in the farm must be carefully modeled. The authors present a simulation model developed at the Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory which efficiently allocates physics events to the farm

  19. Towards a collaborative filtering approach to medication reconciliation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hasan, Sharique; Duncan, George T; Neill, Daniel B; Padman, Rema

    2008-11-06

    A physicians prescribing decisions depend on knowledge of the patients medication list. This knowledge is often incomplete, and errors or omissions could result in adverse outcomes. To address this problem, the Joint Commission recommends medication reconciliation for creating a more accurate list of a patients medications. In this paper, we develop techniques for automatic detection of omissions in medication lists, identifying drugs that the patient may be taking but are not on the patients medication list. Our key insight is that this problem is analogous to the collaborative filtering framework increasingly used by online retailers to recommend relevant products to customers. The collaborative filtering approach enables a variety of solution techniques, including nearest neighbor and co-occurrence approaches. We evaluate the effectiveness of these approaches using medication data from a long-term care center in the Eastern US. Preliminary results suggest that this framework may become a valuable tool for medication reconciliation.

  20. Technical, economic and environmental aspects of regional waste management networks - the example of thermal disposal of sewage sludge; Zur technisch-wirtschaftlichen und umweltgerechten Ausgestaltung von standort- und betriebsuebergreifenden Entsorgungsnetzwerken - Konkretisiert am Beispiel der thermischen Klaerschlammentsorgung

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sasse, H.

    2000-07-01

    The author attempted to develop a tool for economic and ecological design of regional waste management networks. His investigation was based on the current attempts at developing regional solutions at minimal cost, which are modified to meet the desired goal and will include a method for regional environmental assessment. [German] Neben der Wirtschaftlichkeit ist entsprechend der im Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetz verankerten Regelungen auch die Umweltvertraeglichkeit von Verwertung, Abfallbeseitigung und Abfallvermeidung gefordert. Zur Entscheidungsunterstuetzung bei der strategischen Planung zukuenftiger Entsorgungskonzepte sind somit Instrumente erforderlich, die es ermoeglichen, auf regionaler Ebene firmenuebergreifende Entsorgungsstrukturen zu entwickeln sowie diese oekonomisch und oekologisch im Sinne des KrW/-AbfG zu optimieren und zu bewerten. Derartige umfassende Planungsinstrumente zum Stoffstrommanagement stehen derzeit nicht oder nur in Ansaetzen zur Verfuegung. Fuer die vorliegende Arbeit wurde die Entsorgung von kommunalem Klaerschlamm in Baden-Wuerttemberg als Untersuchungsgegenstand ausgewaehlt. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, ein Planungsinstrument zur oekonomischen und oekologischen Ausgestaltung standortuebergreifender Entsorgungsnetzwerke zu entwickeln. Ausgangspunkt dafuer sind bisherige Ansaetze zur Entwicklung kostenminimaler regionaler Gesamtloesungen, die an die geschilderte Problematik angepasst und die in geeigneter Weise um eine Methodik zur umweltbezogenen Bewertung erweitert werden sollen. (orig.)

  1. Beiträge zur indogermanischen wortforschung IV

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bojan Čop

    1958-12-01

    Full Text Available »Hoffnung«, pahl. umēt bzw. ōmēt soll nach Horn, Grdr. d. npers. Etym. 26 aus ava (Präp. und dem Yerbum may- »einsenken« zusammengesetzt sein, was leider aus bedeutungsgeschichtlichen Gründen unannehmbar ist. Hübschmann, Pers. St. 17 f. erklärt das Wort für vollkommen dunkel. Die uriran. Form *ava-maiti- (Hübschmann kann nicht auf eine Zusammensetzung mit *mn-ti- »Denken, Gedanke« = ai. mati-š, aw. -maitiš zurückgehen, da eine i-Epenthese hier völlig unmöglich wäre. Man muß *-mai-ti- analysieren, es ergibt sich also eine Wurzel *mai-, idg. entweder mei dann Vollstufe in dem /i-Abstraktum wie in ai. man-ti- »Denken«, got. ana-minds »Verdacht« — oder eventuell *mēi-.

  2. Study of an on-line filtering system for the ATLAS detector

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fede, E.

    2001-01-01

    The first chapter presents today's knowledge about particle physics and a description of the main decay channels and physical signatures associated to the Higgs boson is given. The second chapter is dedicated to the LHC accelerator with a focus on the ATLAS detector and its sub-detectors. The third chapter presents ATLAS triggering system and its data acquisition system. In the fourth chapter the functionalities required for an adequate event filtering system concerning physics issues and data managing are described. The design of a prototype based on a fleet of PC computers linked through an Ethernet network is presented in the fifth chapter

  3. Implementierung, Evaluation und vergleichende Untersuchungen des Powerplex 16 Systems zur quantitativen Chimärismusanalyse

    OpenAIRE

    Joachim, Stefanie

    2010-01-01

    Die allogene Stammzelltransplantation ist ein Verfahren zur Therapie verschiedener maligner und nicht-maligner hämatologischer Erkrankungen. Da es sich um eine sehr aufwendige Therapie handelt, sind Methoden, die den Behandlungsverlauf dokumentieren, wie minimale Resterkrankung und Chimärismusanalyse, essentiell. Eine nach Stammzelltransplantation vollständig vom Spender abgeleitete Hämatopoese ist Voraussetzung für das Engraftment und die Prophylaxe eines Rezidivs der zugrundeliegenden Er...

  4. Beiträge zur Beugungstheorie elektromagnetischer Wellen an Kanten vollkommen leitender Flächen

    OpenAIRE

    Zinal, Sherko

    2011-01-01

    Den Kern der vorliegenden Arbeit bilden die Untersuchung sowie die Formulierung von Lösungsansätzen für ein elementares, elektromagnetisches Beugungsproblem; einer undendlich langen Schlitzleitung mit einseitig begrenzter etallisierungsplatte (Abschnitt 1.2). Motiviert wird dieses Beugungsproblem im Hinblick auf die Beugungsproblematik planarer Strahler (Antennen) mit endlich ausgedehnter Grundmetallisierung (Abschnitt 1.1). In Kapitel 2 wird ein Stromlinien-Modell zur Formulierung des Beugun...

  5. Vom Fachwissen zur Handlungskompetenz - die Berufsschule vor den Herausforderungen des sozioökonomischen Strukturwandels

    OpenAIRE

    Kouli, Ekaterina

    2006-01-01

    Der sozioökonomische Wandel und die damit einhergehenden Veränderungen der Wirtschafts- und Beschäftigungsstrukturen stellen das Bildungssystem in Deutschland vor neuartige Herausforderungen. Wesentliche Momente dieses Wandels sind die technologische Entwicklung, die Globalisierung der Wirtschaft, der Übergang von der Industrie- zur Wissensgesellschaft sowie Veränderungen in den gesellschaftlichen Wertvorstellungen. Diese Entwicklungen verändern die Arbeitsprozesse in den Unternehmen und dami...

  6. Bildgebendes Multispektralsystem zur Serienfarbmessung an goniochromatischen Oberflächenbeschichtungen in der Automobil- und Zulieferindustrie

    OpenAIRE

    Jäger, Stefan

    2006-01-01

    In dieser Arbeit wird ein multispektrales bildgebendes System zur Farbmessung von Metall- und Perleffektlacken in einem industriellen Umfeld vorgestellt. Der Zweck des vorgeschlagenen Systems ist die Serienüberwachung und daraus folgend, die Steuerung von Lackierprozessen in der Automobil- und Zulieferindustrie, um das Qualitätsniveau anzuheben und Kosten zu reduzieren. Ausgehend von der Analyse der messtechnischen Anforderungen und den durch die Prozesstechnik gegebenen Randbedingungen wurde...

  7. Entwicklung und Anwendung von Methoden zur Bestimmung von Selen-Spezies in human-biologischem Material

    OpenAIRE

    Jäger, Thomas

    2014-01-01

    Selen ist essentieller Bestandteil von mehr als 25 physiologisch wichtigen menschlichen Enzymen. Der tägliche Bedarf wird überwiegend in Form von organischen Selenverbindungen wie Selenmethionin oder Selenocystein aus der Nahrung aufgenommen. Weitere Expositionswege sind die Einnahme von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln zur Selensupplementation sowie die inhalative oder dermale Aufnahme von in erster Linie anorganischen Selenverbindungen oder elementarem Selen an Arbeitsplätzen der Selen-verarbeiten...

  8. Ausbau der ganztägigen Kindertagesbetreuung kann zur Zufriedenheit von Müttern beitragen

    OpenAIRE

    Stahl, Juliane F.; Schober, Pia S.

    2016-01-01

    Eltern mit Kindern, die noch nicht zur Schule gehen, stehen bei der Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf vor besonderen Herausforderungen. Um diese Eltern besser zu unterstützen, hat die Politik sowohl den Ausbau von Plätzen in der öffentlichen Kindertagesbetreuung (Kita) forciert als auch ein bedarfsorientiertes Angebot an Ganztagsplätzen gesetzlich verankert. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht auf Basis von Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) und der Stichprobe 'Familien in Deutschla...

  9. On-Line Fault Detection in Wind Turbine Transmission System using Adaptive Filter and Robust Statistical Features

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mark Frogley

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available To reduce the maintenance cost, avoid catastrophic failure, and improve the wind transmission system reliability, online condition monitoring system is critical important. In the real applications, many rotating mechanical faults, such as bearing surface defect, gear tooth crack, chipped gear tooth and so on generate impulsive signals. When there are these types of faults developing inside rotating machinery, each time the rotating components pass over the damage point, an impact force could be generated. The impact force will cause a ringing of the support structure at the structural natural frequency. By effectively detecting those periodic impulse signals, one group of rotating machine faults could be detected and diagnosed. However, in real wind turbine operations, impulsive fault signals are usually relatively weak to the background noise and vibration signals generated from other healthy components, such as shaft, blades, gears and so on. Moreover, wind turbine transmission systems work under dynamic operating conditions. This will further increase the difficulties in fault detection and diagnostics. Therefore, developing advanced signal processing methods to enhance the impulsive signals is in great needs.In this paper, an adaptive filtering technique will be applied for enhancing the fault impulse signals-to-noise ratio in wind turbine gear transmission systems. Multiple statistical features designed to quantify the impulsive signals of the processed signal are extracted for bearing fault detection. The multiple dimensional features are then transformed into one dimensional feature. A minimum error rate classifier will be designed based on the compressed feature to identify the gear transmission system with defect. Real wind turbine vibration signals will be used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methodology.

  10. Filter assembly for metallic and intermetallic tube filters

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alvin, Mary Anne; Lippert, Thomas E.; Bruck, Gerald J.; Smeltzer, Eugene E.

    2001-01-01

    A filter assembly (60) for holding a filter element (28) within a hot gas cleanup system pressure vessel is provided, containing: a filter housing (62), said filter housing having a certain axial length and having a peripheral sidewall, said sidewall defining an interior chamber (66); a one piece, all metal, fail-safe/regenerator device (68) within the interior chamber (66) of the filter housing (62) and/or extending beyond the axial length of the filter housing, said device containing an outward extending radial flange (71) within the filter housing for seating an essential seal (70), the device also having heat transfer media (72) disposed inside and screens (80) for particulate removal; one compliant gasket (70) positioned next to and above the outward extending radial flange of the fail-safe/regenerator device; and a porous metallic corrosion resistant superalloy type filter element body welded at the bottom of the metal fail-safe/regenerator device.

  11. Statistically-Efficient Filtering in Impulsive Environments: Weighted Myriad Filters

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan G. Gonzalez

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Linear filtering theory has been largely motivated by the characteristics of Gaussian signals. In the same manner, the proposed Myriad Filtering methods are motivated by the need for a flexible filter class with high statistical efficiency in non-Gaussian impulsive environments that can appear in practice. Myriad filters have a solid theoretical basis, are inherently more powerful than median filters, and are very general, subsuming traditional linear FIR filters. The foundation of the proposed filtering algorithms lies in the definition of the myriad as a tunable estimator of location derived from the theory of robust statistics. We prove several fundamental properties of this estimator and show its optimality in practical impulsive models such as the α-stable and generalized-t. We then extend the myriad estimation framework to allow the use of weights. In the same way as linear FIR filters become a powerful generalization of the mean filter, filters based on running myriads reach all of their potential when a weighting scheme is utilized. We derive the “normal” equations for the optimal myriad filter, and introduce a suboptimal methodology for filter tuning and design. The strong potential of myriad filtering and estimation in impulsive environments is illustrated with several examples.

  12. Filter material charging apparatus for filter assembly for radioactive contaminants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goldsmith, J.M.; O'Nan, A. Jr.

    1977-01-01

    A filter charging apparatus for a filter assembly is described. The filter assembly includes a housing with at least one filter bed therein and the filter charging apparatus for adding filter material to the filter assembly includes a tank with an opening therein, the tank opening being disposed in flow communication with opposed first and second conduit means, the first conduit means being in flow communication with the filter assembly housing and the second conduit means being in flow communication with a blower means. Upon activation of the blower means, the blower means pneumatically conveys the filter material from the tank to the filter housing

  13. [Philipp Herzog: Sozialistische Völkerfreundschaft nationaler Widerstand oder harmloser Zeitvertieb? Zur politischen Funktion der Volkskunst im sowjetischen Estland] / Karsten Brüggemann

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Brüggemann, Karsten, 1965-

    2014-01-01

    Arvustus: Herzog, Philipp. Sozialistische Völkerfreundschaft, nationaler Widerstand oder harmloser Zeitvertreib? : zur politischen Funktion der Volkskunst im sowjetischen Estland. Stuttgart : Ibidem-Verlag, 2012

  14. Delivery of parameterization schemes for the determination of the regional evapotranspiration of different land surfaces. Final report; Bereitstellung von Parameterisierungsverfahren zur Bestimmung der regionalen Verdunstung verschiedener Landoberflaechen. Abschlussbericht 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Haenel, H.D.; Loepmeier, F.J.

    1998-03-01

    The task was the delivery of parameterization schemes for the calculation of the regional evapotranspiration of different land surfaces. The main weight was on the discussion of existing approaches and on the development of new ones for the calculation of evapotranspiration. After consideration of different concepts the well-known Penman-Monteith equation proved to the optimal basis of calculation. The surface resistance, respectively the related bulk-stomata resistance, is an important part of the resistance pattern (analogous to Ohm`s law) on which the Penman-Monteith equation is based. Under consideration of the dependence of these resistances of the spatial scale (leaf, canopy) as well as of the time scale (hour, day) possibilities for their estimation were discussed. An important step to determine the surface resistances from literature data of vegetation evapotranspiration was the development of a converting scheme of Haude`s factors to surface resistances. For bare soil an approach was developed which allows approximately to give a new interpretation to surface resistances from evapotranspiration courses, described in literature as proportional to the square root of time. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Aufgabenstellung bestand in der Bereitstellung von Parametrisierungsverfahren zur Bestimmung der regionalen Verdunstung verschiedener Landoberflaechen. Dabei lag das Schwergewicht auf der Diskussion bereits bestehender und der Entwicklung neuer Ansaetze zur Berechnung der Verdunstung. Nach der Betrachtung unterschiedlicher Konzepte erwies sich die bekannte Penman-Monteith-Gleichung als optimale Berechnungsgrundlage. Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des der Penman-Monteith-Gleichung zugrundeliegenden Widerstandsschemas (Analogie zum Ohmschen Gesetz) ist der Oberflaechenwiderstand bzw. der damit verwandte Bulk-Stomatawiderstand. Unter Beruecksichtigung der Abhaengigkeit dieser Widerstaende sowohl von der raeumlichen Skala (Blatt/Bestand) als auch von der zeitlichen Skala

  15. [Heinz von zur Mühlen. Paul Johansen und die Sogenannten Undeutschen in Reval/Tallinn] / Paul Kaegbein

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kaegbein, Paul

    2008-01-01

    Arvustus: Heinz von zur Mühlen. Paul Johansen und die Sogenannten Undeutschen in Reval/Tallinn. - Nordosteuropa als Geschichtsregion. Helsinki : Aue-Stiftung :; Lübeck : Schmidt-Römhild, 2006. lk. 103-111. Paul Johanseni lähim töökaaslane kirjeldab teose "Deutsch und Undeutsch im mittelalterlichen und frühneuzeitlichen Reval" valmimist

  16. State and parameter estimation in a nuclear fuel pin using the extended Kalman filter

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feeley, J.J.

    1979-03-01

    The Kalman filter is a powerful tool for the design and analysis of stochastic systems. The general nature of the method permits such diverse applications as on-line state estimation in optimal control systems, as well as state and parameter estimation applications in data analysis and system identification. However, while there have been a large number of Kalman filter applications in the aerospace industry, there have been relatively few in the nuclear industry. The report describes some initial efforts made at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory to gain experience with the methods of Kalman filtering and to test their applicability to nuclear engineering problems. Two specific cases were considered: first, a real-time state estimation problem using a hybrid computer where the process was simulated on the analog portion of the computer, and the Kalman filter was programmed on the digital portion; second, a system identification problem where a digital extended Kalman filter program was used to estimate states and parameters in a nuclear fuel pin using data generated both by actual experiments and computer simulations. The report contains a derivation of the Kalman filter equations, a development of the mathematical model of the nuclear fuel pin, a description of the computer programs used in the analysis, and a discussion of the results obtained

  17. Online soft sensor for hybrid systems with mixed continuous and discrete measurements

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Suzdaleva, Evgenia; Nagy, Ivan

    2012-01-01

    Roč. 36, č. 10 (2012), s. 294-300 ISSN 0098-1354 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 1M0572; GA TA ČR TA01030123 Grant - others:Skoda Auto, a.s.(CZ) ENS/2009/UTIA Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : online state prediction * hybrid filter * state-space model * mixed data Subject RIV: BC - Control Systems Theory Impact factor: 2.091, year: 2012 http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2011/AS/suzdaleva-online soft sensor for hybrid systems with mixed continuous and discrete measurements.pdf

  18. PBODL : Parallel Bayesian Online Deep Learning for Click-Through Rate Prediction in Tencent Advertising System

    OpenAIRE

    Liu, Xun; Xue, Wei; Xiao, Lei; Zhang, Bo

    2017-01-01

    We describe a parallel bayesian online deep learning framework (PBODL) for click-through rate (CTR) prediction within today's Tencent advertising system, which provides quick and accurate learning of user preferences. We first explain the framework with a deep probit regression model, which is trained with probabilistic back-propagation in the mode of assumed Gaussian density filtering. Then we extend the model family to a variety of bayesian online models with increasing feature embedding ca...

  19. UD-DKF-based Parameters on-line Identification Method and AEKF-Based SOC Estimation Strategy of Lithium-ion Battery

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xuanju Dang

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available State of charge (SOC is a significant parameter for the Battery Management System (BMS. The accurate estimation of the SOC can not only guarantee the SOC remaining within a reasonable scope of work, but also prevent the battery from being over or deeply-charged to extend the lifespan of battery. In this paper, the third-order RC equivalent circuit model is adopted to describe cell characteristics and the dual Kalman filter (DKF is used online to identify model parameters for battery. In order to avoid the impacts of rounding error calculation leading to the estimation error matrix loss of non-negative qualitative which result in the filtering divergence phenomenon, the UD decomposition method is applied for filtering time and state updates simultaneously to enhance the stability of the algorithm, reduce the computational complexity and improve the high recognition accuracy. Based on the obtained model parameters, Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter (AEKF is introduced to online estimate the SOC of battery. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the established third-order RC equivalent circuit model is effective, and the SOC estimation has a higher precision.

  20. [Heinz von zur Mühlen. Das Bürgertum Fordert Blut. Ein Bolschewistiches Flugblatt von 1918] / Paul Kaegbein

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kaegbein, Paul

    2007-01-01

    Arvustus: Heinz von zur Mühlen. Das Bürgertum Fordert Blut. Ein Bolschewistiches Flugblatt von 1918. In : Ostseeprovinzen, baltische Staaten und das Nationale. Münster : LIT, 2005, lk. 403-414. 1918. aastast pärit lendlehest, mille käekirja järgi otsustades on kirjutanud Viktor Kingissepp

  1. Real-time noise reduction for Mössbauer spectroscopy through online implementation of a modified Kalman filter

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Abrecht, David G., E-mail: david.abrecht@pnnl.gov [National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99352 (United States); Schwantes, Jon M. [National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99352 (United States); Kukkadapu, Ravi K. [Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99352 (United States); McDonald, Benjamin S.; Eiden, Gregory C.; Sweet, Lucas E. [National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99352 (United States)

    2015-02-11

    Spectrum-processing software that incorporates a Gaussian smoothing kernel within the statistics of first-order Kalman filtration has been developed to provide cross-channel spectral noise reduction for increased real-time signal-to-noise ratios for Mössbauer spectroscopy. The filter was optimized for the breadth of the Gaussian using the Mössbauer spectrum of natural iron foil, and comparisons among the peak broadening, signal-to-noise ratios, and shifts in the calculated hyperfine parameters are presented. The results of optimization give a maximum improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio of 51.1% over the unfiltered spectrum at a Gaussian breadth of 27 channels, or 2.5% of the total spectrum width. The full-width half-maximum of the spectrum peaks showed an increase of 19.6% at this optimum point, indicating a relatively weak increase in the peak broadening relative to the signal enhancement, leading to an overall increase in the observable signal. Calculations of the hyperfine parameters showed that no statistically significant deviations were introduced from the application of the filter, confirming the utility of this filter for spectroscopy applications.

  2. Empirical Analysis of Exploiting Review Helpfulness for Extractive Summarization of Online Reviews

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiong, Wenting; Litman, Diane

    2014-01-01

    We propose a novel unsupervised extractive approach for summarizing online reviews by exploiting review helpfulness ratings. In addition to using the helpfulness ratings for review-level filtering, we suggest using them as the supervision of a topic model for sentence-level content scoring. The proposed method is metadata-driven, requiring no…

  3. Information Filtering via Heterogeneous Diffusion in Online Bipartite Networks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Fu-Guo; Zeng, An

    2015-01-01

    The rapid expansion of Internet brings us overwhelming online information, which is impossible for an individual to go through all of it. Therefore, recommender systems were created to help people dig through this abundance of information. In networks composed by users and objects, recommender algorithms based on diffusion have been proven to be one of the best performing methods. Previous works considered the diffusion process from user to object, and from object to user to be equivalent. We show in this work that it is not the case and we improve the quality of the recommendation by taking into account the asymmetrical nature of this process. We apply this idea to modify the state-of-the-art recommendation methods. The simulation results show that the new methods can outperform these existing methods in both recommendation accuracy and diversity. Finally, this modification is checked to be able to improve the recommendation in a realistic case.

  4. ANALISIS BELANJA ONLINE MELALUI SMARTPHONE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN EXTENDED TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nining Heriyanti

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available The  purpose  of  this  study  is  to  explore  the  conceptual  model  for  analyzing customer perceptions of the use of mobile commerce services especially smart phones  for  online  shopping.  Results  of  this  study  are  expected  to  provide insights  into  the  theory  of  consumer  behavior  and  the  results  have  practical implications  for  designers,  managers,  marketers  and  developers  of  mobile shopping site pages. The  sample  included  155  respondents  through  online  questioner.  The  use  of online questioner is to ensure that respondents who fill the questionnaire are correct respondents who used the Internet access. The next filter is to ensure the respondents truly the one who ever shop online, the design of questioner is made the question in the beginning, whether the respondent ever shop online. If  the  respondent  have  not  shop  online  yet,  the  question  jump  to  the  end  of the  questionnaire.  Online  shopping  experience  to  further  filter  to  ensure  that the  respondents  were  filling  has  enough  experience  to  shopping  online.  So the respondents who only had onetime expenditure with online media are not included in the analysis. Data  analysis  techniques  used  in  this  study  is  using  Structural  Equation Modeling  (SEM  with  the  help  of  the  program  AMOS  version  21.  Results show that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and compatibility has a significant relationship with behavioral intention to use smart phones for online shopping. Behavioral intentions have a significant relationship with actual use. The  results  are  expected  to  provide  theoretical  implication  to  complement existing  marketing  literature  and  supports  previous  studies.  The  practical implications of this research can be used as the basis for taking measures and

  5. Experimental study of filter cake formation on different filter media

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saleem, M.

    2009-01-01

    Removal of particulate matter from gases generated in the process industry is important for product recovery as well as emission control. Dynamics of filtration plant depend on operating conditions. The models, that predict filter plant behaviour, involve empirical resistance parameters which are usually derived from limited experimental data and are characteristics of the filter media and filter cake (dust deposited on filter medium). Filter cake characteristics are affected by the nature of filter media, process parameters and mode of filter regeneration. Removal of dust particles from air is studied in a pilot scale jet pulsed bag filter facility resembling closely to the industrial filters. Limestone dust and ambient air are used in this study with two widely different filter media. All important parameters like pressure drop, gas flow rate, dust settling, are recorded continuously at 1s interval. The data is processed for estimation of the resistance parameters. The pressure drop rise on test filter media is compared. Results reveal that the surface of filter media has an influence on pressure drop rise (concave pressure drop rise). Similar effect is produced by partially jet pulsed filter surface. Filter behaviour is also simulated using estimated parameters and a simplified model and compared with the experimental results. Distribution of cake area load is therefore an important aspect of jet pulse cleaned bag filter modeling. Mean specific cake resistance remains nearly constant on thoroughly jet pulse cleaned membrane coated filter bags. However, the trend can not be confirmed without independent cake height and density measurements. Thus the results reveal the importance of independent measurements of cake resistance. (author)

  6. Online Kinematic and Dynamic-State Estimation for Constrained Multibody Systems Based on IMUs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Torres-Moreno

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available This article addresses the problems of online estimations of kinematic and dynamic states of a mechanism from a sequence of noisy measurements. In particular, we focus on a planar four-bar linkage equipped with inertial measurement units (IMUs. Firstly, we describe how the position, velocity, and acceleration of all parts of the mechanism can be derived from IMU signals by means of multibody kinematics. Next, we propose the novel idea of integrating the generic multibody dynamic equations into two variants of Kalman filtering, i.e., the extended Kalman filter (EKF and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF, in a way that enables us to handle closed-loop, constrained mechanisms, whose state space variables are not independent and would normally prevent the direct use of such estimators. The proposal in this work is to apply those estimators over the manifolds of allowed positions and velocities, by means of estimating a subset of independent coordinates only. The proposed techniques are experimentally validated on a testbed equipped with encoders as a means of establishing the ground-truth. Estimators are run online in real-time, a feature not matched by any previous procedure of those reported in the literature on multibody dynamics.

  7. MST Filterability Tests

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Poirier, M. R. [Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River National Lab. (SRNL); Burket, P. R. [Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River National Lab. (SRNL); Duignan, M. R. [Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River National Lab. (SRNL)

    2015-03-12

    The Savannah River Site (SRS) is currently treating radioactive liquid waste with the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) and the Modular Caustic Side Solvent Extraction Unit (MCU). The low filter flux through the ARP has limited the rate at which radioactive liquid waste can be treated. Recent filter flux has averaged approximately 5 gallons per minute (gpm). Salt Batch 6 has had a lower processing rate and required frequent filter cleaning. Savannah River Remediation (SRR) has a desire to understand the causes of the low filter flux and to increase ARP/MCU throughput. In addition, at the time the testing started, SRR was assessing the impact of replacing the 0.1 micron filter with a 0.5 micron filter. This report describes testing of MST filterability to investigate the impact of filter pore size and MST particle size on filter flux and testing of filter enhancers to attempt to increase filter flux. The authors constructed a laboratory-scale crossflow filter apparatus with two crossflow filters operating in parallel. One filter was a 0.1 micron Mott sintered SS filter and the other was a 0.5 micron Mott sintered SS filter. The authors also constructed a dead-end filtration apparatus to conduct screening tests with potential filter aids and body feeds, referred to as filter enhancers. The original baseline for ARP was 5.6 M sodium salt solution with a free hydroxide concentration of approximately 1.7 M.3 ARP has been operating with a sodium concentration of approximately 6.4 M and a free hydroxide concentration of approximately 2.5 M. SRNL conducted tests varying the concentration of sodium and free hydroxide to determine whether those changes had a significant effect on filter flux. The feed slurries for the MST filterability tests were composed of simple salts (NaOH, NaNO2, and NaNO3) and MST (0.2 – 4.8 g/L). The feed slurry for the filter enhancer tests contained simulated salt batch 6 supernate, MST, and filter enhancers.

  8. On-line structural response analysis: using the extended Kalman estimator/identifier

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Candy, J.V.

    1979-01-01

    This report disucsses the development of on-line state and parameter estimators used to analyze the structural response of buildings. The estimator/identifier is an extended Kalman filter (EKF), which has been applied with great success in other technological areas. It is shown that the EKF can perform quite well on simulated noisy structural response data

  9. A generalized model via random walks for information filtering

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ren, Zhuo-Ming, E-mail: zhuomingren@gmail.com [Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, CH-1700, Fribourg (Switzerland); Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChongQing, 400714 (China); Kong, Yixiu [Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, CH-1700, Fribourg (Switzerland); Shang, Ming-Sheng, E-mail: msshang@cigit.ac.cn [Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChongQing, 400714 (China); Zhang, Yi-Cheng [Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, CH-1700, Fribourg (Switzerland)

    2016-08-06

    There could exist a simple general mechanism lurking beneath collaborative filtering and interdisciplinary physics approaches which have been successfully applied to online E-commerce platforms. Motivated by this idea, we propose a generalized model employing the dynamics of the random walk in the bipartite networks. Taking into account the degree information, the proposed generalized model could deduce the collaborative filtering, interdisciplinary physics approaches and even the enormous expansion of them. Furthermore, we analyze the generalized model with single and hybrid of degree information on the process of random walk in bipartite networks, and propose a possible strategy by using the hybrid degree information for different popular objects to toward promising precision of the recommendation. - Highlights: • We propose a generalized recommendation model employing the random walk dynamics. • The proposed model with single and hybrid of degree information is analyzed. • A strategy with the hybrid degree information improves precision of recommendation.

  10. A generalized model via random walks for information filtering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ren, Zhuo-Ming; Kong, Yixiu; Shang, Ming-Sheng; Zhang, Yi-Cheng

    2016-01-01

    There could exist a simple general mechanism lurking beneath collaborative filtering and interdisciplinary physics approaches which have been successfully applied to online E-commerce platforms. Motivated by this idea, we propose a generalized model employing the dynamics of the random walk in the bipartite networks. Taking into account the degree information, the proposed generalized model could deduce the collaborative filtering, interdisciplinary physics approaches and even the enormous expansion of them. Furthermore, we analyze the generalized model with single and hybrid of degree information on the process of random walk in bipartite networks, and propose a possible strategy by using the hybrid degree information for different popular objects to toward promising precision of the recommendation. - Highlights: • We propose a generalized recommendation model employing the random walk dynamics. • The proposed model with single and hybrid of degree information is analyzed. • A strategy with the hybrid degree information improves precision of recommendation.

  11. Numerical study of canister filters with alternatives filter cap configurations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mohammed, A. N.; Daud, A. R.; Abdullah, K.; Seri, S. M.; Razali, M. A.; Hushim, M. F.; Khalid, A.

    2017-09-01

    Air filtration system and filter play an important role in getting a good quality air into turbo machinery such as gas turbine. The filtration system and filter has improved the quality of air and protect the gas turbine part from contaminants which could bring damage. During separation of contaminants from the air, pressure drop cannot be avoided but it can be minimized thus helps to reduce the intake losses of the engine [1]. This study is focused on the configuration of the filter in order to obtain the minimal pressure drop along the filter. The configuration used is the basic filter geometry provided by Salutary Avenue Manufacturing Sdn Bhd. and two modified canister filter cap which is designed based on the basic filter model. The geometries of the filter are generated by using SOLIDWORKS software and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software is used to analyse and simulates the flow through the filter. In this study, the parameters of the inlet velocity are 0.032 m/s, 0.063 m/s, 0.094 m/s and 0.126 m/s. The total pressure drop produce by basic, modified filter 1 and 2 is 292.3 Pa, 251.11 Pa and 274.7 Pa. The pressure drop reduction for the modified filter 1 is 41.19 Pa and 14.1% lower compared to basic filter and the pressure drop reduction for modified filter 2 is 17.6 Pa and 6.02% lower compared to the basic filter. The pressure drops for the basic filter are slightly different with the Salutary Avenue filter due to limited data and experiment details. CFD software are very reliable in running a simulation rather than produces the prototypes and conduct the experiment thus reducing overall time and cost in this study.

  12. Vorschrift oder Thunfisch? – Zur Langzeitverfügbarkeit von Forschungsdaten

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tim Hasler

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Ich mache ihm ein Angebot, das er nicht ablehnen kann.” Diese Aussage aus einem gänzlich anderen Kontext lässt sich recht treffend übertragen als Wunsch von Dienstleistern und Zweck von Dienstleistungen für Datenproduzenten im Forschungsdatenmanagement. Zwar wirkt Druck zur Datenübergabe nicht förderlich, die Eröffnung einer Option aber sehr wohl. Im vorliegenden Artikel geht es um das Verständnis der Nachhaltigkeit von Forschung und ihren Daten anhand der Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen aus der ersten Phase des DFG-Projekts EWIG. [Fn 01] Eine Auswahl von Fallstricken beim Forschungsdatenmanagement wird anhand der Erkenntnisse aus Expertengesprächen und eigenen Erfahrungen beim Aufbau von LZA-Workflows vorgestellt. Erste Konzepte in EWIG zur Datenübertragung aus unterschiedlich strukturierten Datenquellen in die „Langfristige Domäne” werden beschrieben. "I'm gonna make him an offer he can't refuse". This quote from a completely different context can be aptly rendered as a statement of service providers as well as the purpose of services for data producers in the field of research data management. Although pressure is not the leverage of choice if you want researchers to deposit their research data in some kind of repository, offering an option does the trick quite well. In this article we present some of the concepts for sustainability of research and its data from the first phase the of the project EWIG, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. A selection of pitfalls in research data management is presented based on the findings from expert interviews and our own experiences in the construction of LTP workflows. First concepts in EWIG to transfer data from differently structured data sources into the "Permanent Domain" are described.

  13. From Playground to Salon: Challenges in Designing a System for Online Public Debate

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Løvlie, Anders Sundnes

    2017-01-01

    This article brings together two separate strands of media research: Online comments and media design. Online comments have long been a topic of much concern, both among scholars and the public at large, fearing negative effects from phenomena such as echo chambers, filter bubbles and hate speech......" model to a "salon" model. Building on Löwgren and Reimer's work on collaborative media, I suggest some of the broadcaster's struggles point to a lack of adequate methods for balancing interaction design concerns with the concerns of mass communication and journalism....

  14. Anwendung stabiler Isotope zur Beschreibung des mikrobiellen Abbaus organischer Schadstoffe in kontaminierten Aquiferen

    OpenAIRE

    Vieth, Andrea

    2003-01-01

    Der mikrobielle in-situ Abbau organischer Schadstoffe ist mit einer Änderung der Isotopenverhältnisse (12C/13C; H/D) verbunden. Das Ausmaß der Isotopenfraktionierung ist abhängig von der initialen biochemischen Reaktion und variiert mit der Größe des Substratmoleküls bzw. der Anzahl der Kohlenstoff- bzw. Wasserstoffatome. Für die Anwendung dieses Isotopenkonzepts zur Beschreibung des mikrobiellen Abbaus von Schadstoffen im Grundwasser muss ausgeschlossen werden können, dass andere Prozesse ei...

  15. Die muslimische Gemeinschaft Rumäniens: der Weg einer Elite zur marginalisierten Minderheit

    OpenAIRE

    Kahl, Thede

    2005-01-01

    Die Siedlungsgeschichte der Muslime auf dem Territorium des heutigen Rumäniens geht in das 13. Jahrhundert zurück. Durch verstärkte Einwanderung von Turkmenen und Tataren konnten sich im Laufe der folgenden Jahrhunderte Regionen mit muslimischer kultureller Dominanz ausbilden. Aufgrund der Kolonisierungspolitik der osmanischen Sultane im Laufe des 14.-16. Jahrhunderts erhöhte sich Zahl der Muslime ständig, da sie sowohl aus dem Norden des Schwarzen Meeres als auch aus dem Süden (Kleinasien) Z...

  16. Sprechkompetenz im DaF-Unterricht an Slowenischen Gymnasien: von der Theorie zur Praxis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andreja Retelj

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Es liegt auf der Hand, dass Fremdsprachenkenntnisse aufgrund der wachsenden Globalisierung stets an Bedeutung gewinnen. Über eine hochentwickelte Fremdsprachenkompetenz zu verfügen, ist in der heutigen Gesellschaft fast zur Selbstverständlichkeit geworden. Durch die wachsenden wirtschaftlichen Kontakte gewinnt vor allem die mündliche Kommunikation immer mehr an Bedeutung und die Erwartungen an Fremdsprachenlernende, in verschiedenen Sprachsituationen mündlich schnell und angemessen kommunizieren zu können, nehmen aus diesem Grund ständig zu.

  17. Materials model for describing the austenite-martensite phase transformation considering transformation-induced plasticity; Ein Materialmodell zur Beschreibung der Austenit-Martensit Phasentransformation unter Beruecksichtigung der transformationsinduzierten Plastizitaet

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Oberste-Brandenburg, C.

    1999-06-01

    In this thesis, a model to describe the austenite martensite transformation was developed. The transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) was taken into consideration. The model can be used to design complex structures. A local examination of the energy and entropy balance at the phase boundary serves as the starting point for the identification of the thermodynamical driving force and the thermodynamic flow. For both, a tensorial description is necessary for a general nonhydrostatically stressed solid. In the second part, a material law for the description of TRIP-Steels was developed based on the values derived in the first part. The different mechanical behavior of the phases, especially the differing yield stresses, was taken into account. The model developed was implemented into the finite element program MARC. Simulations of the material and the structural behavior were performed. The experimentally observed strong dependence of the transformation kinetics on the yield stress of the austenite and the dependence of the orientation of the martensite inclusion on the stress state could be verified. (orig.) [German] Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein Materialmodell zur Beschreibung der Austenit-Martensit Phasenumwandlung unter Beruecksichtigung der transformationsinduzierten Plastizitaet (TRIP) entwickelt. Das Modell ist zur Berechnung ausgedehnter Strukturen einsetzbar. Eine lokale Betrachtung der Energie- und Entropiebilanz an der Phasengrenze bildet den Ausgangspunkt zur Identifikation der thermodynamischen Kraft und des thermodynamischen Flusses bei Beschreibung der Transformationskinetik. Fuer beide Groessen muss fuer den allgemein nichthydrostatischen Spannungszustand eine tensorielle Beschreibung verwendet werden. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit bilden diese Groessen die Basis zur Entwicklung eines Stoffgesetzes zur Beschreibung des TRIP-Phaenomens. Es wird das unterschiedliche mechanische Verhalten der Phasen, insbesondere die stark unterschiedlichen

  18. Zur Ätiologie und Bekämpfung der Lumpy Jaw Disease bei Kängurus

    OpenAIRE

    Asperger, Michael

    2004-01-01

    In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollten die in der veterinärmedizinischen Literatur bisher diskutierten Ursachen für LJD bei Makropoden hinsichtlich ihrer tatsächlichen Bedeutung abgeklärt und die Eignung einer formalininaktivierten, bestandsspezifischen Adsorbatvakzine zur Prophylaxe von LJD getestet werden. Da LJD eine parodontale Erkrankung darstellt, wurden auch die für Entstehung einer humanen Parodontitis prädisponierenden Faktoren mit in die Untersuchung einbezogen. Es wurden Tupferproben z...

  19. Sprache als Schlüssel zur Welt: Bibliotheken und Sprach-Kitas in guter Partnerschaft

    OpenAIRE

    Susanne Brandt

    2017-01-01

    Von 2016 bis voraussichtlich 2020 wird durch das Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend das Bundesprogramm „Sprach-Kitas. Weil Sprache der Schlüssel zur Welt ist“ gefördert. Es richtet sich an Kindertageseinrichtungen, die von einem überdurchschnittlich hohen Anteil von Kindern mit besonderem Bedarf an sprachlicher Bildung und Förderung besucht werden. Dabei stehen besonders die folgenden drei Zielbereiche im Fokus: alltagsintegrierte sprachliche Bildung, inklusive Bildung...

  20. On the evaluation of uncertainties for state estimation with the Kalman filter

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eichstädt, S; Makarava, N; Elster, C

    2016-01-01

    The Kalman filter is an established tool for the analysis of dynamic systems with normally distributed noise, and it has been successfully applied in numerous areas. It provides sequentially calculated estimates of the system states along with a corresponding covariance matrix. For nonlinear systems, the extended Kalman filter is often used. This is derived from the Kalman filter by linearization around the current estimate. A key issue in metrology is the evaluation of the uncertainty associated with the Kalman filter state estimates. The ‘Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement’ (GUM) and its supplements serve as the de facto standard for uncertainty evaluation in metrology. We explore the relationship between the covariance matrix produced by the Kalman filter and a GUM-compliant uncertainty analysis. In addition, the results of a Bayesian analysis are considered. For the case of linear systems with known system matrices, we show that all three approaches are compatible. When the system matrices are not precisely known, however, or when the system is nonlinear, this equivalence breaks down and different results can then be reached. For precisely known nonlinear systems, though, the result of the extended Kalman filter still corresponds to the linearized uncertainty propagation of the GUM. The extended Kalman filter can suffer from linearization and convergence errors. These disadvantages can be avoided to some extent by applying Monte Carlo procedures, and we propose such a method which is GUM-compliant and can also be applied online during the estimation. We illustrate all procedures in terms of a 2D dynamic system and compare the results with those obtained by particle filtering, which has been proposed for the approximate calculation of a Bayesian solution. Finally, we give some recommendations based on our findings. (paper)

  1. Egypt`s potential for geothermal energy use and underground storage of thermal energy; Moeglichkeiten zur Nutzung geothermischer Energie und zur unterirdischen thermischen Energiespeicherung in Aegypten

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Abbas, A M; Sanner, B; Knoblich, K [Giessen Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Angewandte Geowissenschaften

    1997-12-01

    Egypt belongs to the arid to extremely arid zone. Hot springs or wells are chiefly distributed over the areas of the Golf of Suez shoreline, along the Red Sea coast and in the Bahariya, Dakhla and Kharga oasis in the Western Desert. The Red Sea with it`s branches into the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba/Jordan valley is the northern end of the East African Rift, which is tectonically active and yields further south known geothermal resources (e.g. in Kenya). Thus, a relatively high het flow zone exists on the eastern border of the Gulf of Suez, on Sinai peninsula. The hot springs of Ayun Musa, Hammam Faraon and El Sokhna are located there. Hammam Faroun is the hottest spring in Egypt with water temperature of approx. 70 C. This paper compiles previous studies from Egypt to elucidate the geothermal potential of Egypt and opportunities to make use of it. (orig.) [Deutsch] Aegypten gehoert zur ariden bis extrem ariden Zone. Heisse Quellen oder erbohrte heisse Waesser finden sich hauptsaechlich entlang der Kueste des Golfs von Suez und des Roten Meeres, sowie in den Oasen Bahariya, Dakhla und Kharga in der westlichen Wueste. Das Rote Meer mit seinen Verzweigungen in den Golf von Suez und in den Golf von Akaba/Jordangraben bildet den noerdlichen Abschluss des Ostafrikanischen Grabensystems, das tektonisch sehr aktiv ist und weiter suedlich (z.B. in Kenia) bekannte geothermische Ressourcen bietet. Eine Zone mit hohem geothermischen Waermefluss befindet sich dementsprechend auch am oestlichen Rand des Golfs von Suez, der zur Halbinsel Sinai gehoehrt. Hier werden die heissen Quellen von Ayun Musa, Hammam Faraon und El Sokhna angetroffen. Hammam Faraon ist die heisseste Quelle Aegyptens mit Wassertemperaturen von etwa 70 C. Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht, einige fruehere Studien aus Aegypten zusammenzufassen und das geothermische Potential Aegyptens mit den Moeglichkeiten seiner Nutzung aufzuzeigen. (orig.)

  2. Recursive prediction error methods for online estimation in nonlinear state-space models

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dag Ljungquist

    1994-04-01

    Full Text Available Several recursive algorithms for online, combined state and parameter estimation in nonlinear state-space models are discussed in this paper. Well-known algorithms such as the extended Kalman filter and alternative formulations of the recursive prediction error method are included, as well as a new method based on a line-search strategy. A comparison of the algorithms illustrates that they are very similar although the differences can be important for the online tracking capabilities and robustness. Simulation experiments on a simple nonlinear process show that the performance under certain conditions can be improved by including a line-search strategy.

  3. Using Kalman Filter to Guarantee QoS Robustness of Web Server

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    2006-01-01

    The exponential growth of the Internet coupled with the increasing popularity of dynamically generated content on the World Wide Web, has created the need for more and faster Web servers capable of serving the over 100 million Internet users. To converge the control method has emerged as a promising technique to solve the Web QoS problem. In this paper, a model of adaptive session is presented and a session flow self-regulating algorism based on Kalman Filter are proposed towards Web Server. And a Web QoS self-regulating scheme is advanced. To attain the goal of on-line system identification, the optimized estimation of QoS parameters is fulfilled by utilizing Kalman Filter in full domain. The simulation results shows that the proposed scheme can guarantee the QoS with both robustness and stability .

  4. Full scale application of the autotrophic denitrification in trickling filters for treatment of rejection water with high ammonia concentrations from sludge dewatering. Final report; Untersuchungen zur autotrophen Stickstoffentfernung aus ammoniumreichem Filtratwasser der Schlammentwaesserung mit grosstechnischer Realisierung in Tropfkoerpern. Abschlussbericht

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Neumueller, B.; Metzger, J.W.; Pinnekamp, J.

    2003-07-01

    At many municipal wastewater treatment plants a considerable fraction of nitrogen is recirculated from the anaerobic sludge dewatering. This amounts up to 20% of the total influent nitrogen load of the wastewater treatment plant. The separate treatment of this sludge liquor creates new capacities for the treatment plant and improves effluent quality. A new process for treatment of this sludge liquor with ammonium-nitrogen concentrations above 600 mg/l is the autotrophic denitrification after partial nitritation. At the University of Stuttgart the first semi-technical trickling filter plant was built by which autotrophic denitrification was achieved. At the wastewater treatment plant of Sindelfingen the first full-scale implementation of the autotrophic denitrification in trickling filters has been designed and built. In a first trickling filter 60% of ammonia is transformed to nitrite. The investigations showed, that a few mg/l of free ammonia in this trickling filter were sufficient to inhibit the nitratation but not the nitritation. To achieve this, operating conditions as pH and temperature are of great importance. The concentration of free ammonia should be kept constant because there is an adaption of the microorganisms to free ammonia. After a decrease of the free ammonia concentration the inhibition of the nitratation declines. By thermally killing the biomass and restarting the process, can guarantee a total inhibition of the nitratation, while the concentration of free ammonia is low. In the second, closed trickling filter (anoxic conditions) ammonium is converted autotrophically to nitrogen with nitrite as electron acceptor. It was possible to set up the anoxic ammonium oxidation in full scale without inoculating the process. The very slow growth of the anammox-bacteria leads to a long adaptation phase of the process. All operating conditions such as anoxic conditions, high temperature and a concentration of nitrite below 70 mg/l have to be observed

  5. Efficient Online Learning Algorithms Based on LSTM Neural Networks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ergen, Tolga; Kozat, Suleyman Serdar

    2017-09-13

    We investigate online nonlinear regression and introduce novel regression structures based on the long short term memory (LSTM) networks. For the introduced structures, we also provide highly efficient and effective online training methods. To train these novel LSTM-based structures, we put the underlying architecture in a state space form and introduce highly efficient and effective particle filtering (PF)-based updates. We also provide stochastic gradient descent and extended Kalman filter-based updates. Our PF-based training method guarantees convergence to the optimal parameter estimation in the mean square error sense provided that we have a sufficient number of particles and satisfy certain technical conditions. More importantly, we achieve this performance with a computational complexity in the order of the first-order gradient-based methods by controlling the number of particles. Since our approach is generic, we also introduce a gated recurrent unit (GRU)-based approach by directly replacing the LSTM architecture with the GRU architecture, where we demonstrate the superiority of our LSTM-based approach in the sequential prediction task via different real life data sets. In addition, the experimental results illustrate significant performance improvements achieved by the introduced algorithms with respect to the conventional methods over several different benchmark real life data sets.

  6. Controlling flow conditions of test filters in iodine filters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Holmberg, R.; Laine, J.

    1979-03-01

    Several different iodine filter and test filter designs and experience gained from their operation are presented. For the flow experiments, an iodine filter system equipped with flow regulating and measuring devices was built. In the experiments the influence of the packing method of the iodine sorption material and the influence of the flow regulating and measuring divices upon the flow conditions in the test filters was studied. On the basis of the experiments it has been shown that the flows through the test filters always can be adjusted to a correct value if there only is a high enough pressure difference available across the test filter ducting. As a result of the research, several different methods are presented with which the flows through the test filters in both operating and future iodine sorption system can easily be measured and adjusted to their correct values. (author)

  7. Electromagnetic and ultrasonic techniques to evaluate stress states of components; Elektromagnetische und Ultraschallverfahren zur Spannungsanalyse an Bauteilen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schneider, E.; Kern, R.; Theiner, W.A. [Fraunhofer Inst. fuer Zerstoerungsfreie Pruefverfahren, IZFP, Saarbruecken (Germany)

    1999-08-01

    The electromagnetic and ultrasonic techniques are comparably recent NDT methods for determination of stress states of components. They are simple in application, but require pre-measurement preparation: Electromagnetic techniques need calibration, and quantitative stress analysis by ultrasonic techniques needs reference values, i.e. verified materials-specific quantities to be obtained with representative specimens. Electromagnetic and ultrasonic techniques have been developed for specific tests at defined components, and the corresponding instruments and sensors have been used in practice for several years now. The paper summarizes fundamental aspects and explains the state of the art by means of several examples. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Elektromagnetische und Ultraschallverfahren sind vergleichsweise neue zerstoerungsfreie Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Eigenspannungen in Bauteilen. Ihre Anwendung ist einfach, setzt aber Vorarbeiten voraus: Elektromagnetische Verfahren muessen kalibriert und zur quantitativen Spannungsanalyse mittels Ultraschallverfahren muessen materialspezifische Kenngroessen an repraesentativen Materialproben ermittelt werden. Elektromagnetische und Ultraschallverfahren sind fuer konkrete Anwendungen an Bauteilen entwickelt, angepasste Geraete und Sensoren seit Jahren in der Nutzung. Der Beitrag fasst die Grundlagen zusammen und stellt den Stand der Technik anhand ausgewaehlter Anwendungen dar. (orig.)

  8. Online Nonparametric Bayesian Activity Mining and Analysis From Surveillance Video.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bastani, Vahid; Marcenaro, Lucio; Regazzoni, Carlo S

    2016-05-01

    A method for online incremental mining of activity patterns from the surveillance video stream is presented in this paper. The framework consists of a learning block in which Dirichlet process mixture model is employed for the incremental clustering of trajectories. Stochastic trajectory pattern models are formed using the Gaussian process regression of the corresponding flow functions. Moreover, a sequential Monte Carlo method based on Rao-Blackwellized particle filter is proposed for tracking and online classification as well as the detection of abnormality during the observation of an object. Experimental results on real surveillance video data are provided to show the performance of the proposed algorithm in different tasks of trajectory clustering, classification, and abnormality detection.

  9. An adaptive unscented Kalman filter-based adaptive tracking control for wheeled mobile robots with control constrains in the presence of wheel slipping

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mingyue Cui

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available A novel control approach is proposed for trajectory tracking of a wheeled mobile robot with unknown wheels’ slipping. The longitudinal and lateral slipping are considered and processed as three time-varying parameters. The adaptive unscented Kalman filter is then designed to estimate the slipping parameters online, an adaptive adjustment of the noise covariances in the estimation process is implemented using a technique of covariance matching in the adaptive unscented Kalman filter context. Considering the practical physical constrains, a stable tracking control law for this robot system is proposed by the backstepping method. Asymptotic stability is guaranteed by Lyapunov stability theory. Control gains are determined online by applying pole placement method. Simulation and real experiment results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control method.

  10. The Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter: A Filter Bank Implementation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karlsson Rickard

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available For computational efficiency, it is important to utilize model structure in particle filtering. One of the most important cases occurs when there exists a linear Gaussian substructure, which can be efficiently handled by Kalman filters. This is the standard formulation of the Rao-Blackwellized particle filter (RBPF. This contribution suggests an alternative formulation of this well-known result that facilitates reuse of standard filtering components and which is also suitable for object-oriented programming. Our RBPF formulation can be seen as a Kalman filter bank with stochastic branching and pruning.

  11. Convergent Filter Bases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Coghetto Roland

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available We are inspired by the work of Henri Cartan [16], Bourbaki [10] (TG. I Filtres and Claude Wagschal [34]. We define the base of filter, image filter, convergent filter bases, limit filter and the filter base of tails (fr: filtre des sections.

  12. Status self-validation of a multifunctional sensor using a multivariate relevance vector machine and predictive filters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shen, Zhengguang; Wang, Qi

    2013-01-01

    A novel strategy by using a multivariable relevance vector machine coupled with predictive filters for status self-validation of a multifunctional sensor is proposed. The working principle and online updating algorithm of predictive filters are emphasized for multiple fault detection, isolation and recovery (FDIR), and the incorrect sensor measurements are validated online. The multivariable relevance vector machine is then employed for the signal reconstruction of the multifunctional sensor to generate the final validated measurement values (VMV) of multiple measured components, in which its advantages of sparse models and multivariable simultaneous outputs are fully used. With all likely uncertainty sources of the multifunctional self-validating sensor taken into account, the uncertainty propagation model is deduced in detail to evaluate the online validated uncertainty (VU) under a fault-free situation while a qualitative uncertainty component is appended to indicate the accuracy changes of VMV under different types of fault. A real experimental system of a multifunctional self-validating sensor is designed to verify the performance of the proposed strategy. From the real-time capacity and fault recovery accuracy of FDIR, and runtime of signal reconstruction under small samples, a performance comparison among different methods is made. Results demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides a better solution to the status self-validation of a multifunctional self-validating sensor under both normal and abnormal situations. (paper)

  13. Zur Aktualität der identitären Ideologie : die Vordenker einer neuen rechten Internationale

    OpenAIRE

    Brumlik, Micha

    2017-01-01

    Rechtspopulistische Bewegungen machen sich zur Zeit in vielen westlichen Staaten zum Sprachrohr angeblich bisher unterdrückter Bevölkerungsgruppen und Meinungen. Die identitäre Bewegung entwickelt diesen Ansatz weiter zu einem Projekt der autoritären Staatlichkeit gegen Multikulturalismus, Islam und Einwanderung. Dabei verbindet sie ihre Kampagne für einen ethnisch geschlossen Nationalstaat mit der Kritik an der kapitalistischen Globalisierung. Mit einem Sprachduktus, der Politik emotionalisi...

  14. NIRS-EEG joint imaging during transcranial direct current stimulation: Online parameter estimation with an autoregressive model.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sood, Mehak; Besson, Pierre; Muthalib, Makii; Jindal, Utkarsh; Perrey, Stephane; Dutta, Anirban; Hayashibe, Mitsuhiro

    2016-12-01

    Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to perturb both cortical neural activity and hemodynamics during (online) and after the stimulation, however mechanisms of these tDCS-induced online and after-effects are not known. Here, online resting-state spontaneous brain activation may be relevant to monitor tDCS neuromodulatory effects that can be measured using electroencephalography (EEG) in conjunction with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). We present a Kalman Filter based online parameter estimation of an autoregressive (ARX) model to track the transient coupling relation between the changes in EEG power spectrum and NIRS signals during anodal tDCS (2mA, 10min) using a 4×1 ring high-definition montage. Our online ARX parameter estimation technique using the cross-correlation between log (base-10) transformed EEG band-power (0.5-11.25Hz) and NIRS oxy-hemoglobin signal in the low frequency (≤0.1Hz) range was shown in 5 healthy subjects to be sensitive to detect transient EEG-NIRS coupling changes in resting-state spontaneous brain activation during anodal tDCS. Conventional sliding window cross-correlation calculations suffer a fundamental problem in computing the phase relationship as the signal in the window is considered time-invariant and the choice of the window length and step size are subjective. Here, Kalman Filter based method allowed online ARX parameter estimation using time-varying signals that could capture transients in the coupling relationship between EEG and NIRS signals. Our new online ARX model based tracking method allows continuous assessment of the transient coupling between the electrophysiological (EEG) and the hemodynamic (NIRS) signals representing resting-state spontaneous brain activation during anodal tDCS. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  15. Role of imaging procedures in clarification of complications of pneumonia; Rolle der bildgebenden Verfahren zur Abklaerung von Pneumoniekomplikationen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lampichler, K. [Medizinische Universitaet Wien, Universitaetsklinik fuer Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Wien (Austria)

    2017-01-15

    Despite a considerable number of antimicrobial agents and interdisciplinary treatment options, lower respiratory tract infections are still associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Infections of the respiratory tract can lead to severe complications, such as empyema, lung abscesses and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Besides intrapulmonary complications pneumonia can also impair other organs due to a systemic inflammatory response. Underlying cardiovascular diseases, such as chronic heart failure, arteriosclerosis and dysrhythmia can either deteriorate due to infections or be newly manifested as a result of pneumonia. Early diagnosis and therapy of these sometimes life-threatening complications are crucial and can have a severe impact on disease outcome. The most important imaging techniques include chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Although a definite diagnosis is sometimes difficult or even impossible to establish using chest X-ray or CT, there are several findings indicative of intrapulmonary or extrapulmonary complications of pneumonia. Another useful and portable tool is thoracic ultrasound directly on the patient, which can be used to further define the underlying disease or as guidance during procedures. The chest X-ray is useful in initial diagnosis and follow-up. If complications or disease progression are suspected or the clinical course differs from the X-ray interpretation, a subsequent CT of the chest should be performed. (orig.) [German] Pneumonien sind trotz antimikrobieller Therapien und multidisziplinaerer Behandlungsstrategien unveraendert mit einer hohen Morbiditaets- und Mortalitaetsrate verbunden. Eine Infektion des Respirationstrakts kann zu Komplikationen wie Lungenempyem, -abszess und akutem Lungenversagen fuehren. Zusaetzlich kommt es neben den intrapulmonalen Komplikationen haeufig auch zur Beeintraechtigung anderer Organe. Kardiovaskulaere Grunderkrankungen wie Herzinsuffizienz, Arteriosklerose

  16. Application of DFT Filter Banks and Cosine Modulated Filter Banks in Filtering

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Yuan-Pei; Vaidyanathan, P. P.

    1994-01-01

    None given. This is a proposal for a paper to be presented at APCCAS '94 in Taipei, Taiwan. (From outline): This work is organized as follows: Sec. II is devoted to the construction of the new 2m channel under-decimated DFT filter bank. Implementation and complexity of this DFT filter bank are discussed therein. IN a similar manner, the new 2m channel cosine modulated filter bank is discussed in Sec. III. Design examples are given in Sec. IV.

  17. Assessment of endocrine disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis by nuclear medicine techniques; Nuklearmedizinische Verfahren zur Abklaerung endokrinologischer Erkrankungen der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Achse

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schmidt, M.; Theissen, P.; Dietlein, M.; Schicha, H. [Koeln Univ. (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Nuklearmedizin; Jackenhoevel, F.; Krone, W. [Koeln Univ. (Germany). Klinik II fuer Innere Medizin

    2002-04-01

    The following article reviews nuclear medicine techniques which can be used for assessment of endocrine disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. For planar and SPECT imaging somatostatin-receptor- and dopamine-D2-receptor-scintigraphy are the most widely distributed techniques. These nuclear medicine techniques may be indicated in selected cases to answer differential diagnostic problems. They can be helpful to search for presence and localization of receptor positive tissue. Furthermore they can detect metastasis in the rare cases of a pituitary carcinoma. Scintigraphy with Gallium-67 is suitable for further diagnostic evaluation in suspected hypophysitis. Other SPECT radiopharmaca do not have relevant clinical significance. F-18-FDG as PET radiopharmacon is not ideal because obvious pituitary adenomas could not be visualized. Other PET radiopharmaca including C-11-methionine, C-11-tyrosine, F-18-fluoroethylspiperone, C-11-methylspiperone, and C-11-raclopride are available in specialized centers only. Overall indications for nuclear medicine in studies for the assessment of endocrine disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis are rare. Original studies often report only about a small number of patients. According to the authors' opinion the relevance of nuclear medicine in studies of clinically important endocrinologic fields, e. g. localization of small ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas, tumor localization in ectopic ACTH syndrome, localization of recurrent pituitary tissue, assessment of small incidentalomas, can not be definitely given yet. (orig.) [German] Diese Uebersichtsarbeit fasst die nuklearmedizinischen Untersuchungsverfahren zur Abklaerung endokrinologischer Erkrankungen der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Achse zusammen. Bei den planaren und SPECT-Unter suchungen sind Somatostatin-Rezeptor- und Dopamin-D2-Rezeptor-Szintigraphie die verbreitetsten Untersuchungstechniken. Im Einzelfall sind sie zur Differenzialdiagnostik, zum Nachweis und zur

  18. High-performance information search filters for acute kidney injury content in PubMed, Ovid Medline and Embase.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hildebrand, Ainslie M; Iansavichus, Arthur V; Haynes, R Brian; Wilczynski, Nancy L; Mehta, Ravindra L; Parikh, Chirag R; Garg, Amit X

    2014-04-01

    We frequently fail to identify articles relevant to the subject of acute kidney injury (AKI) when searching the large bibliographic databases such as PubMed, Ovid Medline or Embase. To address this issue, we used computer automation to create information search filters to better identify articles relevant to AKI in these databases. We first manually reviewed a sample of 22 992 full-text articles and used prespecified criteria to determine whether each article contained AKI content or not. In the development phase (two-thirds of the sample), we developed and tested the performance of >1.3-million unique filters. Filters with high sensitivity and high specificity for the identification of AKI articles were then retested in the validation phase (remaining third of the sample). We succeeded in developing and validating high-performance AKI search filters for each bibliographic database with sensitivities and specificities in excess of 90%. Filters optimized for sensitivity reached at least 97.2% sensitivity, and filters optimized for specificity reached at least 99.5% specificity. The filters were complex; for example one PubMed filter included >140 terms used in combination, including 'acute kidney injury', 'tubular necrosis', 'azotemia' and 'ischemic injury'. In proof-of-concept searches, physicians found more articles relevant to topics in AKI with the use of the filters. PubMed, Ovid Medline and Embase can be filtered for articles relevant to AKI in a reliable manner. These high-performance information filters are now available online and can be used to better identify AKI content in large bibliographic databases.

  19. An Improved Strong Tracking Cubature Kalman Filter for GPS/INS Integrated Navigation Systems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Feng, Kaiqiang; Li, Jie; Zhang, Xi; Zhang, Xiaoming; Shen, Chong; Cao, Huiliang; Yang, Yanyu; Liu, Jun

    2018-06-12

    The cubature Kalman filter (CKF) is widely used in the application of GPS/INS integrated navigation systems. However, its performance may decline in accuracy and even diverge in the presence of process uncertainties. To solve the problem, a new algorithm named improved strong tracking seventh-degree spherical simplex-radial cubature Kalman filter (IST-7thSSRCKF) is proposed in this paper. In the proposed algorithm, the effect of process uncertainty is mitigated by using the improved strong tracking Kalman filter technique, in which the hypothesis testing method is adopted to identify the process uncertainty and the prior state estimate covariance in the CKF is further modified online according to the change in vehicle dynamics. In addition, a new seventh-degree spherical simplex-radial rule is employed to further improve the estimation accuracy of the strong tracking cubature Kalman filter. In this way, the proposed comprehensive algorithm integrates the advantage of 7thSSRCKF’s high accuracy and strong tracking filter’s strong robustness against process uncertainties. The GPS/INS integrated navigation problem with significant dynamic model errors is utilized to validate the performance of proposed IST-7thSSRCKF. Results demonstrate that the improved strong tracking cubature Kalman filter can achieve higher accuracy than the existing CKF and ST-CKF, and is more robust for the GPS/INS integrated navigation system.

  20. A Study of Parallel Operation of an active Filter and passive Filters

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Chen, Zhe; Blaabjerg, Frede; Pedersen, John Kim

    2002-01-01

    This paper reports investigations of the parallel operations of a current controlled active filter and passive filters in a system with current harmonic sources. The task of reactive power and harmonic compensation is shared by the active filter and passive filters. The passive filters are used...... arrangements of the active and passive filters can operate relatively independently, also the compensation flexibility of the active filter can be fully exploited, such as one active filter for several harmonic sources.The simulation studies on various systems have been performed to evaluate the effectiveness...... of the systems. The results show that the power factor is corrected by the passive filters, harmonics are minimized by both active and passive filters and overloading of the filter system can be avoided....

  1. Parallel algorithms for online trackfinding at PANDA

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bianchi, Ludovico; Ritman, James; Stockmanns, Tobias [IKP, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH (Germany); Herten, Andreas [JSC, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH (Germany); Collaboration: PANDA-Collaboration

    2016-07-01

    The PANDA experiment, one of the four scientific pillars of the FAIR facility currently in construction in Darmstadt, is a next-generation particle detector that will study collisions of antiprotons with beam momenta of 1.5-15 GeV/c on a fixed proton target. Because of the broad physics scope and the similar signature of signal and background events, PANDA's strategy for data acquisition is to continuously record data from the whole detector and use this global information to perform online event reconstruction and filtering. A real-time rejection factor of up to 1000 must be achieved to match the incoming data rate for offline storage, making all components of the data processing system computationally very challenging. Online particle track identification and reconstruction is an essential step, since track information is used as input in all following phases. Online tracking algorithms must ensure a delicate balance between high tracking efficiency and quality, and minimal computational footprint. For this reason, a massively parallel solution exploiting multiple Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) is under investigation. The talk presents the core concepts of the algorithms being developed for primary trackfinding, along with details of their implementation on GPUs.

  2. Passive Power Filters

    CERN Document Server

    Künzi, R.

    2015-06-15

    Power converters require passive low-pass filters which are capable of reducing voltage ripples effectively. In contrast to signal filters, the components of power filters must carry large currents or withstand large voltages, respectively. In this paper, three different suitable filter struc tures for d.c./d.c. power converters with inductive load are introduced. The formulas needed to calculate the filter components are derived step by step and practical examples are given. The behaviour of the three discussed filters is compared by means of the examples. P ractical aspects for the realization of power filters are also discussed.

  3. Ein kombinierter Operationsansatz zur Therapie der rektovaginalen Endometriose auf der Basis histologischer Befunde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Köhler C

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Einleitung: Eine Endometriose des Septum rectovaginale kann oberflächlich dem Darm aufliegen oder die Darmwand infiltrieren. Durch bildgebende Verfahren kann jedoch präoperativ eine Infiltration des Darms weder hinreichend bestätigt noch ausgeschlossen werden, was zu einem therapeutischen Dilemma führt, da nur die Darmwand eindeutig infiltrierende Endometrioseprozesse durch eine Darmresektion behandelt werden sollten. Wir möchten ein neues Operationsverfahren vorstellen, das eine intraoperative Differenzierung zwischen einer oberflächlichen und einer infiltrativen Darmendometriose erlaubt. Patienten und Methodik: 70 Patientinnen mit rektovaginaler Endometriose wurden nach einem neu entwickelten kombinierten vaginal-laparoskopisch-abdominalen Verfahren operiert. Diese Operationsmethode wird Schritt für Schritt vorgestellt. Die Entscheidung zur Darmresektion wurde dabei allein aufgrund der intraoperativen Befunde und nicht aufgrund der präoperativen bildgebenden Diagnostik getroffen. Alle Resektate wurden standardisiert histologisch aufgearbeitet. Ergebnisse: Ob eine Darmresektion notwendig war, ließ sich intraoperativ anhand der Präparation des rektovaginalen Septums entscheiden. Daher wurden nur bei Patientinnen mit gesichertem infiltrativem Darmbefall Darmresektionen unter Erhalt des Mesointestinums durchgeführt. Weder intraoperative noch postoperative Komplikationen wie Anastomoseninsuffizienzen oder Restharnmengen traten auf. Diskussion: Die vorgestellte Operationsmethode zur Therapie der rektovaginalen Endometriose erlaubt eine exakte Diagnosestellung und präzise Therapieentscheidung bei minimaler Morbidität. Die Resektion des Darmschlauches ohne Mesoresektion ist ausreichend, da sich die Endometrioseknoten – wie histologisch bewiesen wurde – nur im ventralen Darmbereich befinden. Durch die Mesoerhaltung werden die vegetativen Funktionen des kleinen Beckens nicht beeinträchtigt.

  4. Heat recovery in sewage sludge gasification systems; Waermerueckgewinnung bei Anlagen zur Klaerschlammvergasung

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lamp, P; Reichel, A; Ziegler, F [Bayerisches Zentrum fuer Angewandte Energieforschung e.V. (ZAE Bayern), Abt. Energieumwandlung und -speicherung, Garching (Germany)

    1997-12-31

    Using the example of a pilot plant for sewage sludge gasification by the Noell conversion process, the potential for energy optimisation is described. The goals of development are twofold: First, the process stages must be optimized so as to minimize energy consumption and secondly, all options for energy use and energy must be utilized. (orig) [Deutsch] Anhand einer Pilotanlage zur Klaerschlammvergasung nach dem NOELL-Konversionsverfahren sollen Moeglichkeiten der energetischen Optimierung beispielhaft aufgezeigt werden. Ziel muss es sein, zum einen die Verfahrensschritte auf einen moeglichst geringen Energiebedarf hin zu optimieren und zum anderen Moeglichkeiten der Waermeverschiebung und -rueckgewinnung soweit wie moeglich auszunutzen. (orig)

  5. Heat recovery in sewage sludge gasification systems; Waermerueckgewinnung bei Anlagen zur Klaerschlammvergasung

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lamp, P.; Reichel, A.; Ziegler, F. [Bayerisches Zentrum fuer Angewandte Energieforschung e.V. (ZAE Bayern), Abt. Energieumwandlung und -speicherung, Garching (Germany)

    1996-12-31

    Using the example of a pilot plant for sewage sludge gasification by the Noell conversion process, the potential for energy optimisation is described. The goals of development are twofold: First, the process stages must be optimized so as to minimize energy consumption and secondly, all options for energy use and energy must be utilized. (orig) [Deutsch] Anhand einer Pilotanlage zur Klaerschlammvergasung nach dem NOELL-Konversionsverfahren sollen Moeglichkeiten der energetischen Optimierung beispielhaft aufgezeigt werden. Ziel muss es sein, zum einen die Verfahrensschritte auf einen moeglichst geringen Energiebedarf hin zu optimieren und zum anderen Moeglichkeiten der Waermeverschiebung und -rueckgewinnung soweit wie moeglich auszunutzen. (orig)

  6. Development of an exhaust sensor for control of internal combustion engines and exhaust treatment systems - CatSens. Final report; Entwicklung eines Abgassensors zur Regelung von Verbrennungsmotoren und Abgasnachbehandlungssystemen - CatSens. Abschlussbericht

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lepperhoff, G.; Milanovic, I.

    2002-05-01

    A sensor system for controlling combustion processes in small-scale furnaces and internal combustion engines and for on-board diagnosis of exhaust treatment systems, e.g. NO{sub x} adsorber catalytic converters in motor cars, was developed. [German] Im Rahmen des Verbundprojektes soll ein Sensorsystem zur Regelung der Verbrennungsprozesse in Kleinfeuerungsanlagen und Verbrennungsmotoren sowie zur Regelung und Ueberwachung (On-Board Diagnose) von Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtungen wie z.B. NO{sub x}-Adsorberkatalysatoren in Kraftfahrzeugen, entwickelt werden. (orig.)

  7. Hinderniserkennung und -verfolgung mit einer PMD-kamera im automobil

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schamm, Thomas; Vacek, Stefan; Natroshvilli, Koba; Marius Zöllner, J.; Dillmann, Rüdiger

    Die Detektion von Hindernissen vor dem Automobil ist eine Hauptanforderung an moderne Fahrerassistenzsysteme (FAS). In dieser Arbeit wird ein System vorgestellt, das mit Hilfe einer PMDKamera (Photomischdetektor) Hindernisse auf der Fahrspur erkennt und deren relevante Parameter bestimmt. Durch die PMD-Kamera werden zunächst 3D-Tiefenbilder der Fahrzeugumwelt generiert. Nach einem initialen Filterprozess werden im Tiefenbild mit Hilfe eines Bereichswachstumsverfahrens Hindernisse gesucht. Zur Stabilisierung des Verfahrens und zur Parameterberechnung wird ein Kaiman Filter eingesetzt. Das Ergebnis ist eine Liste aller Hindernisse im Fahrbereich des Automobils.

  8. Online Particle Detection by Neural Networks Based on Topologic Calorimetry Information

    CERN Document Server

    Ciodaro, T; The ATLAS collaboration; Damazio, D; de Seixas, JM

    2011-01-01

    This paper presents the last results from the Ringer algorithm, which is based on artificial neural networks for the electron identification at the online filtering system of the ATLAS particle detector, in the context of the LHC experiment at CERN. The algorithm performs topological feature extraction over the ATLAS calorimetry information (energy measurements). Later, the extracted information is presented to a neural network classifier. Studies showed that the Ringer algorithm achieves high detection efficiency, while keeping the false alarm rate low. Optimizations, guided by detailed analysis, reduced the algorithm execution time in 59%. Also, the payload necessary to store the Ringer algorithm information represents less than 6.2 percent of the total filtering system amount

  9. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Flux conversion factors for the Swift/UVOT filters (Brown+, 2016)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown, P. J.; Breeveld, A.; Roming, P. W. A.; Siegel, M.

    2016-10-01

    The conversion of observed magnitudes (or the actual observed photon or electron count rates) to a flux density is one of the most fundamental calculations. The flux conversions factors for the six Swift/UVOT filters are tabulated in Table1. (1 data file).

  10. On-line identification of hybrid systems using an adaptive growing and pruning RBF neural network

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Alizadeh, Tohid

    2008-01-01

    This paper introduces an adaptive growing and pruning radial basis function (GAP-RBF) neural network for on-line identification of hybrid systems. The main idea is to identify a global nonlinear model that can predict the continuous outputs of hybrid systems. In the proposed approach, GAP......-RBF neural network uses a modified unscented kalman filter (UKF) with forgetting factor scheme as the required on-line learning algorithm. The effectiveness of the resulting identification approach is tested and evaluated on a simulated benchmark hybrid system....

  11. Unscented Kalman Filter-Trained Neural Networks for Slip Model Prediction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Zhencai; Wang, Yang; Liu, Zhen

    2016-01-01

    The purpose of this work is to investigate the accurate trajectory tracking control of a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) based on the slip model prediction. Generally, a nonholonomic WMR may increase the slippage risk, when traveling on outdoor unstructured terrain (such as longitudinal and lateral slippage of wheels). In order to control a WMR stably and accurately under the effect of slippage, an unscented Kalman filter and neural networks (NNs) are applied to estimate the slip model in real time. This method exploits the model approximating capabilities of nonlinear state–space NN, and the unscented Kalman filter is used to train NN’s weights online. The slip parameters can be estimated and used to predict the time series of deviation velocity, which can be used to compensate control inputs of a WMR. The results of numerical simulation show that the desired trajectory tracking control can be performed by predicting the nonlinear slip model. PMID:27467703

  12. Particle Kalman Filtering: A Nonlinear Bayesian Framework for Ensemble Kalman Filters*

    KAUST Repository

    Hoteit, Ibrahim

    2012-02-01

    This paper investigates an approximation scheme of the optimal nonlinear Bayesian filter based on the Gaussian mixture representation of the state probability distribution function. The resulting filter is similar to the particle filter, but is different from it in that the standard weight-type correction in the particle filter is complemented by the Kalman-type correction with the associated covariance matrices in the Gaussian mixture. The authors show that this filter is an algorithm in between the Kalman filter and the particle filter, and therefore is referred to as the particle Kalman filter (PKF). In the PKF, the solution of a nonlinear filtering problem is expressed as the weighted average of an “ensemble of Kalman filters” operating in parallel. Running an ensemble of Kalman filters is, however, computationally prohibitive for realistic atmospheric and oceanic data assimilation problems. For this reason, the authors consider the construction of the PKF through an “ensemble” of ensemble Kalman filters (EnKFs) instead, and call the implementation the particle EnKF (PEnKF). It is shown that different types of the EnKFs can be considered as special cases of the PEnKF. Similar to the situation in the particle filter, the authors also introduce a resampling step to the PEnKF in order to reduce the risk of weights collapse and improve the performance of the filter. Numerical experiments with the strongly nonlinear Lorenz-96 model are presented and discussed.

  13. Rectifier Filters

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Y. A. Bladyko

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available The paper contains definition of a smoothing factor which is suitable for any rectifier filter. The formulae of complex smoothing factors have been developed for simple and complex passive filters. The paper shows conditions for application of calculation formulae and filters

  14. New facade concepts ranging from statics to dynamics; Neue Fassadenkonzepte. Von der Statik zur Dynamik

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kranz, H.R. [Siemens AG, Karlsruhe (Germany)

    1995-12-31

    In chapter 9 of the anthology about building control new facade concepts are presented, including new facade technologies, conductivity of new facade concepts and combination of new technologies. The whole complex ranging from statics to dynamics is explained. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 9 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control stellt neue Fassadenkonzepte vor: Neue Fassadentechnologien, Leitfunktionen neuer Fassadenkonzepte, Kombination neuer Technologien. In diesem Zusammenhang wird der gesamte Komplex von der Statik bis zur Dynamik behandelt. (BWI)

  15. Joint implementation as an instrument for the market introduction of solar thermal power plants; Joint Implementation als Instrument zur Markteinfuehrung Solarthermischer Kraftwerke

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Trieb, F.; Nitsch, J.; Fischedick, M.; Luhmann, H.J.

    1997-12-31

    The term ``Joint implementation`` (JI) describes an international manageable tool to reduce the global emission of greenhouse gases, especially carbondioxide (CO{sub 2}). The principle idea of JI is based on the insight that it is of no importance where on earth CO{sub 2} is emitted or conserved. Hence it is only recommendable from the economic point of view to make investments at those locations where the highest conservation can be achieved by an equal use of capital. JI would help industrial countries to fulfil cost-effectively part of their obligation to reduce CO{sub 2} by higher investments in other countries (e.g. for the improvement of energy efficiency). Solar power plants meet all criteria of a successful JI-project approach and show several positive ecological and socio-economic side effects, which can lead in the medium term to environmentally friendly and economic electricity supply. One precondition is that the phase of market introduction will be soon followed by a phase of mass production which fully uses the present potential of this technology to reduce costs by approx. 50 %. The project THESUS on Crete is an important step towards market introduction and shows the importance of solar thermal power plants for climate protection. Above all it is an important European step towards a long-term energy supply. (orig./AKF) [Deutsch] Der Begriff `Joint Implementation` (JI) beinhaltet ein international handhabbares Instrumentarium zur Minderung des globalen Ausstosses von Treibhausgasen, insbesondere des Kohlendioxids (CO{sub 2}). Die Grundidee von JI beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass es ohne Belang ist, an welcher Stelle der Erdoberflaeche CO{sub 2} emitiert oder eingespart wird. Aus oekonomischer Sichtweise liegt es daher nahe, Investitionen dort vorzunehmen, wo bei gleichem Kapitaleinsatz die groessten Einsparungen erzielt werden koennen. Mit JI koennten die Industrielaender einen Teil ihrer Verpflichtungen zur CO{sub 2}-Minderung durch verstaerkte

  16. Comparative Study of Online Open Circuit Voltage Estimation Techniques for State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hicham Chaoui

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Online estimation techniques are extensively used to determine the parameters of various uncertain dynamic systems. In this paper, online estimation of the open-circuit voltage (OCV of lithium-ion batteries is proposed by two different adaptive filtering methods (i.e., recursive least square, RLS, and least mean square, LMS, along with an adaptive observer. The proposed techniques use the battery’s terminal voltage and current to estimate the OCV, which is correlated to the state of charge (SOC. Experimental results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed methods in online estimation at different charge/discharge conditions and temperatures. The comparative study illustrates the advantages and limitations of each online estimation method.

  17. High-performance information search filters for CKD content in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and EMBASE.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Iansavichus, Arthur V; Hildebrand, Ainslie M; Haynes, R Brian; Wilczynski, Nancy L; Levin, Adeera; Hemmelgarn, Brenda R; Tu, Karen; Nesrallah, Gihad E; Nash, Danielle M; Garg, Amit X

    2015-01-01

    high-performance information filters are now available online and can be used to better identify CKD content in large bibliographic databases. Copyright © 2014 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. PV-CAD: an integrated tool for designing PV facades; PV-CAD - Ein integriertes Werkzeug zur Auslegung von PV-Fassaden

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Giese, H.; Viotto, M. [Inst. fuer Solare Energieversorgungstechnik (ISET) e.V., Kassel (Germany); Esser, M.; Pukrop, D. [Univ. Oldenburg (Germany). Abt. Energie- und Halbleiterforschung; Stellbogen, D. [Zentrum fuer Sonnenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung, Stuttgart (Germany)

    1997-12-31

    PV-CAD provides PV system planners with a practice-oriented tool for an efficient design of PV facades. Being compatible with the standard programmes of the architects` and electrical engineering sectors it can be used on already existing systems and allows the user to draw on previously acquired knowedge. Its open interfaces permit the integration of further design tools. PV CAD works under Microsoft Windows for which it has the necessary graphic user interface. Its compliance to PC standards opens up a wide range of applications and permits its use also on inexpensive computers. Thanks to its promotion by the Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research, and Technology under the research project ``Computer programmes for the design of photovoltaic facades`` PV-CAD is available at a moderate price. PV-CAD permits an efficient planning of solar facades and therefore has the potential to stimulate the use of PV on buildings. (orig.) [Deutsch] Mit PV-CAD steht dem Anlagenplaner ein anwendungsorientiertes Werkzeug zur Verfuegung, das eine rationelle Auslegung von PV-Fassaden ermoeglicht. Die Kompatibilitaet zu Standardprogrammen aus dem Architektur- und Elektrosektor erlaubt die Nutzung bereits vorhandener Systeme und damit erworbener Kenntnisse. Offene Schnittstellen gestatten die Einbindung weiterer Entwurfswerkzeuge. PV-CAD arbeitet unter Microsoft-Windows und verfuegt ueber die entsprechende grafische Benutzerschnittstelle. Die Kompatibilitaet zum PC-Standard eroeffnet eine sehr breite Anwenderbasis und ermoeglicht den Einsatz des Programms auch auf preiswerten Rechnern. Aufgrund der Foerderung durch das Bundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts `Rechnerprogramm zur Auslegung von Photovoltaik-Fassaden` steht PV-CAD preiswert zur Verfuegung. PV-CAD ermoeglicht eine effiziente Planung von Solarfassaden und kann daher dem PV-Einsatz in Gebaeuden weitere Impulse geben. (orig.)

  19. Retina-Inspired Filter.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Doutsi, Effrosyni; Fillatre, Lionel; Antonini, Marc; Gaulmin, Julien

    2018-07-01

    This paper introduces a novel filter, which is inspired by the human retina. The human retina consists of three different layers: the Outer Plexiform Layer (OPL), the inner plexiform layer, and the ganglionic layer. Our inspiration is the linear transform which takes place in the OPL and has been mathematically described by the neuroscientific model "virtual retina." This model is the cornerstone to derive the non-separable spatio-temporal OPL retina-inspired filter, briefly renamed retina-inspired filter, studied in this paper. This filter is connected to the dynamic behavior of the retina, which enables the retina to increase the sharpness of the visual stimulus during filtering before its transmission to the brain. We establish that this retina-inspired transform forms a group of spatio-temporal Weighted Difference of Gaussian (WDoG) filters when it is applied to a still image visible for a given time. We analyze the spatial frequency bandwidth of the retina-inspired filter with respect to time. It is shown that the WDoG spectrum varies from a lowpass filter to a bandpass filter. Therefore, while time increases, the retina-inspired filter enables to extract different kinds of information from the input image. Finally, we discuss the benefits of using the retina-inspired filter in image processing applications such as edge detection and compression.

  20. Braile vena cava filter and greenfield filter in terms of centralization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Godoy, José Maria Pereira; Menezes da Silva, Adinaldo A; Reis, Luis Fernando; Miquelin, Daniel; Torati, José Luis Simon

    2013-01-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate complications experienced during implantation of the Braile Vena Cava filter (VCF) and the efficacy of the centralization mechanism of the filter. This retrospective cohort study evaluated all Braile Biomédica VCFs implanted from 2004 to 2009 in Hospital de Base Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil. Of particular concern was the filter's symmetry during implantation and complications experienced during the procedure. All the angiographic examinations performed during the implantation of the filters were analyzed in respect to the following parameters: migration of the filter, non-opening or difficulties in the implantation and centralization of the filter. A total of 112 Braile CVFs were implanted and there were no reports of filter opening difficulties or in respect to migration. Asymmetry was observed in 1/112 (0.9%) cases. A statistically significant difference was seen on comparing historical data on decentralization of the Greenfield filter with the data of this study. The Braile Biomédico filter is an evolution of the Greenfield filter providing improved embolus capture and better implantation symmetry.

  1. Balanced microwave filters

    CERN Document Server

    Hong, Jiasheng; Medina, Francisco; Martiacuten, Ferran

    2018-01-01

    This book presents and discusses strategies for the design and implementation of common-mode suppressed balanced microwave filters, including, narrowband, wideband, and ultra-wideband filters This book examines differential-mode, or balanced, microwave filters by discussing several implementations of practical realizations of these passive components. Topics covered include selective mode suppression, designs based on distributed and semi-lumped approaches, multilayer technologies, defect ground structures, coupled resonators, metamaterials, interference techniques, and substrate integrated waveguides, among others. Divided into five parts, Balanced Microwave Filters begins with an introduction that presents the fundamentals of balanced lines, circuits, and networks. Part 2 covers balanced transmission lines with common-mode noise suppression, including several types of common-mode filters and the application of such filters to enhance common-mode suppression in balanced bandpass filters. Next, Part 3 exa...

  2. Estimation of signal intensity for online measurement X-ray pinhole camera

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dong Jianjun; Liu Shenye; Yang Guohong; Yu Yanning

    2009-01-01

    The signal intensity was estimated for on-line measurement X-ray pinhole camera with CCD as measurement equipment. The X-ray signal intensity counts after the attenuation of thickness-varied Be filters and different material flat mirrors respectively were estimated using the energy spectrum of certain laser prototype and the quantum efficiency curve of PI-SX1300 CCD camera. The calculated results indicate that Be filters no thicker than 200 μm can only reduce signal intensity by one order of magnitude, and so can Au flat mirror with 3 degree incident angle, Ni, C and Si flat mirrors with 5 degree incident angle,but the signal intensity counts for both attenuation methods are beyond the saturation counts of the CCD camera. We also calculated the attenuation of signal intensity for different thickness Be filters combined with flat mirrors, indicates that the combination of Be filters with the thickness between 20 and 40 μm and Au flat mirror with 3 degree incident angle or Ni flat mirror with 5 degree incident angle is a good choice for the attenuation of signal intensity. (authors)

  3. Zusammenarbeit, Sichtbarkeit, Einbindung und Effizienz : Fallstudie zur Verwendung interaktiver Whiteboards an einem Gymnasium in Deutschland

    OpenAIRE

    Passey, Donald

    2017-01-01

    Dieser Bericht bietet einen Überblick über die Ergebnisse einer einjährigen Studie, die an einer deutschen Schule (Gymnasium) in einer Stadt in Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) durchgeführt wurde. Während ein Forschungsschwerpunkt auf dem Thema „Zusammenarbeit“ lag, erforderte auch die Planung und Durchführung der Studie gemeinsame Anstrengungen: Die Schule hatte ihren Anteil an der Implementation interaktiver Whiteboards; SMART Technologies stellte Ausrüstung und technische Unterstützung zur Verfüg...

  4. Testgütekriterien des Fragebogens AnMS-Sport zur Erfassung des Anschlussmotivs im Sportkontext

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Elbe, Anne-Marie; Krippl, Martin; Melzer, Marcus

    2013-01-01

    , the questionnaire shows satisfactory Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity is shown through correlations with two general questionnaires to measure the affiliation motive (Krippl, Itemanalytische Untersuchungen zur Selbstbeschreibung von Emotion und Motivation, 1999; Teubel, Eine deutsche Übersetzung der Mehrabian......In this paper the test control criteria of the sport-specific Affiliation Motives Scale-Sport are reported. Theoretical background for the development of the scale is the affiliation motive, which is composed of the two factors “hope for affiliation”and “fear of rejection” (Mehrabian and Ksionzkys...

  5. Backflushable filter insert

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Keith, R.C.; Vandenberg, T.; Randolph, M.C.; Lewis, T.B.; Gillis, P.J. Jr.

    1988-01-01

    Filter elements are mounted on a tube plate beneath an accumulator chamber whose wall is extended by skirt and flange to form a closure for the top of pressure vessel. The accumulator chamber is annular around a central pipe which serves as the outlet for filtered water passing from the filter elements. The chamber contains filtered compressed air from supply. Periodically the filtration of water is stopped and vessel is drained. Then a valve is opened, allowing the accumulated air to flow from chamber up a pipe and down pipe, pushing the filtered water from pipe back through the filter elements to clean them. The accumulator chamber is so proportioned, relative to the volume of the system communicating therewith during backflushing, that the equilibrium pressure during backflushing cannot exceed the pressure rating of the vessel. However a line monitors the pressure at the top of the vessel, and if it rises too far a bleed valve is automatically opened to depressurise the system. The chamber is intended to replace the lid of an existing vessel to convert a filter using filter aid to one using permanent filter elements. (author)

  6. Online fingerprint verification.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Upendra, K; Singh, S; Kumar, V; Verma, H K

    2007-01-01

    As organizations search for more secure authentication methods for user access, e-commerce, and other security applications, biometrics is gaining increasing attention. With an increasing emphasis on the emerging automatic personal identification applications, fingerprint based identification is becoming more popular. The most widely used fingerprint representation is the minutiae based representation. The main drawback with this representation is that it does not utilize a significant component of the rich discriminatory information available in the fingerprints. Local ridge structures cannot be completely characterized by minutiae. Also, it is difficult quickly to match two fingerprint images containing different number of unregistered minutiae points. In this study filter bank based representation, which eliminates these weakness, is implemented and the overall performance of the developed system is tested. The results have shown that this system can be used effectively for secure online verification applications.

  7. Innovations for vehicle weight savings; Innovationen zur Gewichtseinsparung bei Kraftfahrzeugen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Phillips, W.C. [Budd Technical Center, Auburn Hills, MI (United States)

    1999-04-01

    The American auto market provides an example of the conflict between government legislation calling for fuel economy and lower emissions, which can be achieved among other things by reducing vehicle weight, and other legislative initiatives on the safety front as well as the growing demands of consumers for comfort, which add weight to the vehicle. Automakers are responding by making increasing use of lightweight materials and weight-optimized vehicle concepts. Backed by years of experience with a variety of materials, The Budd Company - an American subsidiary of the Thyssen-Krupp Group - is in an excellent position to offer customized lightweight systems solutions. From conventional steel to high-strength steels, aluminum castings, sheet and extrusions through to high-quality plastics such as SMC and SRIM, lightweight solutions for auto bodies and chassis are developed and offered to the automotive industry. The lightweighting potential of these various materials is being further exploited through the use of advanced manufacturing processes, such as the hydroforming of steel and aluminum, tailored blanks made of steel, and bonding techniques for aluminum. (orig.) [German] Das Beispiel des amerikanischen Automobilmarktes zeigt die entgegengesetzten Forderungen des Gesetzgebers zur Kraftstoff- und Emissionsreduzierung, was u.a. durch eine Verringerung des Fahrzeuggewichtes zu erreichen ist, und Gesetzesinitiativen im Bereich der Fahrzeugsicherheit sowie wachsende Komfort-Ansprueche der Kunden, die zur Gewichtserhoehung fuehren, auf. Die Fahrzeughersteller reagieren hierauf mit zunehmendem Einsatz leichter Werkstoffe und gewichtsoptimierter Leichtbau-Konzepte. Im Verbund des ThyssenKrupp Konzerns ist das amerikanische Tochterunternehmen The Budd Company aufgrund ihrer jahrelangen Erfahrungen mit einer Vielzahl von Werkstoffen in der herausragenden Position, individuelle und den jeweiligen Anforderungen entsprechende Leichtbau-Systemloesungen anbieten zu koennen. Vom

  8. A soft sensor for bioprocess control based on sequential filtering of metabolic heat signals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Paulsson, Dan; Gustavsson, Robert; Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik

    2014-09-26

    Soft sensors are the combination of robust on-line sensor signals with mathematical models for deriving additional process information. Here, we apply this principle to a microbial recombinant protein production process in a bioreactor by exploiting bio-calorimetric methodology. Temperature sensor signals from the cooling system of the bioreactor were used for estimating the metabolic heat of the microbial culture and from that the specific growth rate and active biomass concentration were derived. By applying sequential digital signal filtering, the soft sensor was made more robust for industrial practice with cultures generating low metabolic heat in environments with high noise level. The estimated specific growth rate signal obtained from the three stage sequential filter allowed controlled feeding of substrate during the fed-batch phase of the production process. The biomass and growth rate estimates from the soft sensor were also compared with an alternative sensor probe and a capacitance on-line sensor, for the same variables. The comparison showed similar or better sensitivity and lower variability for the metabolic heat soft sensor suggesting that using permanent temperature sensors of a bioreactor is a realistic and inexpensive alternative for monitoring and control. However, both alternatives are easy to implement in a soft sensor, alone or in parallel.

  9. A Soft Sensor for Bioprocess Control Based on Sequential Filtering of Metabolic Heat Signals

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dan Paulsson

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Soft sensors are the combination of robust on-line sensor signals with mathematical models for deriving additional process information. Here, we apply this principle to a microbial recombinant protein production process in a bioreactor by exploiting bio-calorimetric methodology. Temperature sensor signals from the cooling system of the bioreactor were used for estimating the metabolic heat of the microbial culture and from that the specific growth rate and active biomass concentration were derived. By applying sequential digital signal filtering, the soft sensor was made more robust for industrial practice with cultures generating low metabolic heat in environments with high noise level. The estimated specific growth rate signal obtained from the three stage sequential filter allowed controlled feeding of substrate during the fed-batch phase of the production process. The biomass and growth rate estimates from the soft sensor were also compared with an alternative sensor probe and a capacitance on-line sensor, for the same variables. The comparison showed similar or better sensitivity and lower variability for the metabolic heat soft sensor suggesting that using permanent temperature sensors of a bioreactor is a realistic and inexpensive alternative for monitoring and control. However, both alternatives are easy to implement in a soft sensor, alone or in parallel.

  10. Filter replacement lifetime prediction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hamann, Hendrik F.; Klein, Levente I.; Manzer, Dennis G.; Marianno, Fernando J.

    2017-10-25

    Methods and systems for predicting a filter lifetime include building a filter effectiveness history based on contaminant sensor information associated with a filter; determining a rate of filter consumption with a processor based on the filter effectiveness history; and determining a remaining filter lifetime based on the determined rate of filter consumption. Methods and systems for increasing filter economy include measuring contaminants in an internal and an external environment; determining a cost of a corrosion rate increase if unfiltered external air intake is increased for cooling; determining a cost of increased air pressure to filter external air; and if the cost of filtering external air exceeds the cost of the corrosion rate increase, increasing an intake of unfiltered external air.

  11. Anti-clogging filter system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown, Erik P.

    2015-05-19

    An anti-clogging filter system for filtering a fluid containing large particles and small particles includes an enclosure with at least one individual elongated tubular filter element in the enclosure. The individual elongated tubular filter element has an internal passage, a closed end, an open end, and a filtering material in or on the individual elongated tubular filter element. The fluid travels through the open end of the elongated tubular element and through the internal passage and through the filtering material. An anti-clogging element is positioned on or adjacent the individual elongated tubular filter element and provides a fluid curtain that preferentially directs the larger particulates to one area of the filter material allowing the remainder of the filter material to remain more efficient.

  12. Selection vector filter framework

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lukac, Rastislav; Plataniotis, Konstantinos N.; Smolka, Bogdan; Venetsanopoulos, Anastasios N.

    2003-10-01

    We provide a unified framework of nonlinear vector techniques outputting the lowest ranked vector. The proposed framework constitutes a generalized filter class for multichannel signal processing. A new class of nonlinear selection filters are based on the robust order-statistic theory and the minimization of the weighted distance function to other input samples. The proposed method can be designed to perform a variety of filtering operations including previously developed filtering techniques such as vector median, basic vector directional filter, directional distance filter, weighted vector median filters and weighted directional filters. A wide range of filtering operations is guaranteed by the filter structure with two independent weight vectors for angular and distance domains of the vector space. In order to adapt the filter parameters to varying signal and noise statistics, we provide also the generalized optimization algorithms taking the advantage of the weighted median filters and the relationship between standard median filter and vector median filter. Thus, we can deal with both statistical and deterministic aspects of the filter design process. It will be shown that the proposed method holds the required properties such as the capability of modelling the underlying system in the application at hand, the robustness with respect to errors in the model of underlying system, the availability of the training procedure and finally, the simplicity of filter representation, analysis, design and implementation. Simulation studies also indicate that the new filters are computationally attractive and have excellent performance in environments corrupted by bit errors and impulsive noise.

  13. Fast TPC Online Tracking on GPUs and Asynchronous Data Processing in the ALICE HLT to facilitate Online Calibration

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rohr, David; Gorbunov, Sergey; Krzewicki, Mikolaj; Breitner, Timo; Kretz, Matthias; Lindenstruth, Volker

    2015-01-01

    ALICE (A Large Heavy Ion Experiment) is one of the four major experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, which is today the most powerful particle accelerator worldwide. The High Level Trigger (HLT) is an online compute farm of about 200 nodes, which reconstructs events measured by the ALICE detector in real-time. The HLT uses a custom online data-transport framework to distribute data and workload among the compute nodes.ALICE employs several calibration-sensitive subdetectors, e.g. the TPC (Time Projection Chamber). For a precise reconstruction, the HLT has to perform the calibration online. Online- calibration can make certain Offline calibration steps obsolete and can thus speed up Offline analysis. Looking forward to ALICE Run III starting in 2020, online calibration becomes a necessity.The main detector used for track reconstruction is the TPC. Reconstructing the trajectories in the TPC is the most compute-intense step during event reconstruction. Therefore, a fast tracking implementation is of great importance. Reconstructed TPC tracks build the basis for the calibration making a fast online-tracking mandatory.We present several components developed for the ALICE High Level Trigger to perform fast event reconstruction and to provide features required for online calibration.As first topic, we present our TPC tracker, which employs GPUs to speed up the processing, and which bases on a Cellular Automaton and on the Kalman filter. Our TPC tracking algorithm has been successfully used in 2011 and 2012 in the lead-lead and the proton-lead runs. We have improved it to leverage features of newer GPUs and we have ported it to support OpenCL, CUDA, and CPUs with a single common source code. This makes us vendor independent.As second topic, we present framework extensions required for online calibration. The extensions, however, are generic and can be used for other purposes as well. We have extended the framework to support asynchronous compute chains

  14. Lithium-Ion Battery Online Rapid State-of-Power Estimation under Multiple Constraints

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shun Xiang

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available The paper aims to realize a rapid online estimation of the state-of-power (SOP with multiple constraints of a lithium-ion battery. Firstly, based on the improved first-order resistance-capacitance (RC model with one-state hysteresis, a linear state-space battery model is built; then, using the dual extended Kalman filtering (DEKF method, the battery parameters and states, including open-circuit voltage (OCV, are estimated. Secondly, by employing the estimated OCV as the observed value to build the second dual Kalman filters, the battery SOC is estimated. Thirdly, a novel rapid-calculating peak power/SOP method with multiple constraints is proposed in which, according to the bisection judgment method, the battery’s peak state is determined; then, one or two instantaneous peak powers are used to determine the peak power during T seconds. In addition, in the battery operating process, the actual constraint that the battery is under is analyzed specifically. Finally, three simplified versions of the Federal Urban Driving Schedule (SFUDS with inserted pulse experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed online SOP estimation method.

  15. Contribution to a probabilistic safety analysis for the dismantling of slender reinforced-concrete structures; Ein Beitrag zur probabilistischen Sicherheitsanalyse von Abbruchvorgaengen turmartiger Bauwerke aus Stahlbeton

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lehnen, D J

    1998-12-31

    In the present work a concept of probabilistic safety-analysis for the dismantling of slender concrete-structures by tilting is developed. Based on requirements, that define a regular dismantling process, models describing characteristic limit-states of the building are derived. The connection of these limit-states allows rating the whole process. Uncertainties in the model-input are caught by using stochastic variables. Uncertainties in the model itself are caught by using inferior and superior modelling. With the help of two concluding examples it is shown, how the obtained probability of failure can be used to enhance objectiveness of safety-considerations. The numeric simulation is based on a Monte-Carlo method. (orig.) [Deutsch] In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Konzept zur probabilistischen Sicherheitsanalyse des Fallrichtungsabbruchs turmartiger Bauwerke aus Stahlbeton entwickelt. Ausgehend von einem definierten Anforderungsprofil an den ordnungsgemaessen Ablauf eines Fallrichtungsabbruchs werden Modellvorstellungen herausgearbeitet, die einzelne Bauwerksgrenzzustaende abbilden, welche sich zur Beurteilung des Gesamtvorgangs eignen. Unsicherheiten in den Eingangsgroessen werden durch deren Auffassung als Wahrschlichkeitsdichten erfasst. Unsicherheiten in den Modellbildungen werden durch den jeweiligen Einsatz unterschaetzender und ueberschaetzender Betrachtungen, sogenannter Minoranten und Majoranten, beruecksichtigt. Anhand zweier Beispiele wird abschliessend demonstriert, wie die erhaltene operative Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit zur Objektivierung von Sicherheitsbetrachtungen herangezogen werden kann. Dabei beruht die numerische Umsetzung auf einer Monte-Carlo Simulation. (orig.)

  16. Contribution to a probabilistic safety analysis for the dismantling of slender reinforced-concrete structures; Ein Beitrag zur probabilistischen Sicherheitsanalyse von Abbruchvorgaengen turmartiger Bauwerke aus Stahlbeton

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lehnen, D.J.

    1997-12-31

    In the present work a concept of probabilistic safety-analysis for the dismantling of slender concrete-structures by tilting is developed. Based on requirements, that define a regular dismantling process, models describing characteristic limit-states of the building are derived. The connection of these limit-states allows rating the whole process. Uncertainties in the model-input are caught by using stochastic variables. Uncertainties in the model itself are caught by using inferior and superior modelling. With the help of two concluding examples it is shown, how the obtained probability of failure can be used to enhance objectiveness of safety-considerations. The numeric simulation is based on a Monte-Carlo method. (orig.) [Deutsch] In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Konzept zur probabilistischen Sicherheitsanalyse des Fallrichtungsabbruchs turmartiger Bauwerke aus Stahlbeton entwickelt. Ausgehend von einem definierten Anforderungsprofil an den ordnungsgemaessen Ablauf eines Fallrichtungsabbruchs werden Modellvorstellungen herausgearbeitet, die einzelne Bauwerksgrenzzustaende abbilden, welche sich zur Beurteilung des Gesamtvorgangs eignen. Unsicherheiten in den Eingangsgroessen werden durch deren Auffassung als Wahrschlichkeitsdichten erfasst. Unsicherheiten in den Modellbildungen werden durch den jeweiligen Einsatz unterschaetzender und ueberschaetzender Betrachtungen, sogenannter Minoranten und Majoranten, beruecksichtigt. Anhand zweier Beispiele wird abschliessend demonstriert, wie die erhaltene operative Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit zur Objektivierung von Sicherheitsbetrachtungen herangezogen werden kann. Dabei beruht die numerische Umsetzung auf einer Monte-Carlo Simulation. (orig.)

  17. Development of probabilistic methods for safety assessment of nuclear power plants; Weiterentwicklung probabilistischer Methoden zur Sicherheitsbeurteilung von Kernkraftwerken

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Balfanz, H.P. [Technischer Ueberwachungs-Verein Norddeutschland e.V., Hamburg (Germany); Boehme, E. [Technischer Ueberwachungs-Verein Norddeutschland e.V., Hamburg (Germany); Fuhrmann, C. [Technischer Ueberwachungs-Verein Norddeutschland e.V., Hamburg (Germany); Musekamp, W. [Technischer Ueberwachungs-Verein Norddeutschland e.V., Hamburg (Germany); Neumann, L. [Technischer Ueberwachungs-Verein Norddeutschland e.V., Hamburg (Germany); Rumpf, J. [Technischer Ueberwachungs-Verein Norddeutschland e.V., Hamburg (Germany)

    1997-07-01

    We have worked out a comprehensive analytical concept for CCF event evaluation which is based on the international experience on the analysis of dependent failures and our own experiences from evaluating plant operation. The concept was discussed with utilities in Germany and from abroad. The CCF approach differs from other methods because it is strictly structured according to the CCF events and independent from any CCF model which is used in a PSA. Because of this attribute the concept is due to be used in the operational reviewing process by plant staff. We have an ongoing discussion with utilities on how to integrate this concept in practical plant site use. In addition we have recommended to adapt the main features of this concept in the PSA guideline. Plant management factors: Evaluations in different industries reveal a strong impact of organisational and management factors on the course of severe accidents. Because these factors cannot explicitly be measured they are not treated in a PSA today. Comprehensive development work is under way to gain an improved insight into the influence of these risk relevant factors. These activities are specifically aimed at root cause analyses of accidents, e.g. to uncover hidden organisational and management factors. NPP staff should be integrated in this analysis process. Living PSA application can play an important role in this development process. (orig./DG) [Deutsch] Auf der Grundlage des internationalen Erfahrungsstandes zur Analyse von abhaengigen Komponentenausfaellen und aufgrund unserer Erfahrungen aus der laufenden Auswertung des Kraftwerksbetriebes haben wir ein umfassendes Analysekonzept zur GVA-Datenerfassung erstellt und mit Kraftwerksbetreibern im In- und Ausland diskutiert. Dieses Konzept zeichnet sich im Unterschied zu anderen Ansaetzen durch die vom GVA-Modell unabhaengige ereignisbezogene GVA-Bewertung aus. Es ist daher von Kraftwerksbetreibern vorgesehen, dieses Konzept im Kraftwerksbetrieb bei der

  18. Detection of broken rotor bars in induction motors using nonlinear Kalman filters.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Karami, Farzaneh; Poshtan, Javad; Poshtan, Majid

    2010-04-01

    This paper presents a model-based fault detection approach for induction motors. A new filtering technique using Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is utilized as a state estimation tool for on-line detection of broken bars in induction motors based on rotor parameter value estimation from stator current and voltage processing. The hypothesis on which the detection is based is that the failure events are detected by jumps in the estimated parameter values of the model. Both UKF and EKF are used to estimate the value of rotor resistance. Upon breaking a bar the estimated rotor resistance is increased instantly, thus providing two values of resistance after and before bar breakage. In order to compare the estimation performance of the EKF and UKF, both observers are designed for the same motor model and run with the same covariance matrices under the same conditions. Computer simulations are carried out for a squirrel cage induction motor. The results show the superiority of UKF over EKF in nonlinear system (such as induction motors) as it provides better estimates for rotor fault detection. Copyright 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  19. Changing ventilation filters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hackney, S.

    1980-01-01

    A filter changing unit has a door which interlocks with the door of a filter chamber so as to prevent contamination of the outer surfaces of the doors by radioactive material collected on the filter element and a movable support which enables a filter chamber thereonto to be stored within the unit in such a way that the doors of the unit and the filter chamber can be replaced. The door pivots and interlocks with another door by means of a bolt, a seal around the periphery lip of the first door engages the periphery of the second door to seal the gap. A support pivots into a lower filter element storage position. Inspection windows and glove ports are provided. The unit is releasably connected to the filter chamber by bolts engaging in a flange provided around an opening. (author)

  20. Freilanduntersuchungen zur Ökologie und zum Verhalten von Trachypithecus auratus kohlbruggei (Haubenlanguren) im West-Bali-Nationalpark, Indonesien

    OpenAIRE

    Vogt, Martina

    2003-01-01

    Languren gehören zu den asiatischen Schlankaffen, die zusammen mit den afrikanischen Stummelaffen die Unterfamilie Colobinae, neben den Cercopithecinae die zweite rezente Gruppe der Cercopithecoidea, bilden. Während heute über viele Vertreter der Cercopithecinae zahlreiche Langzeitstudien zu verschiedenen Jahreszeiten und in unterschiedlichen Habitaten vorliegen, ist über die Biologie der Colobinae noch vergleichsweise wenig bekannt. Die Kenntnisse zur Lebensweise vieler Schlank- und Stummela...

  1. Device for automatic filter changing. Einrichtung zum selbsttaetigen Wechseln eines Filters

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Matschoss, V; Naschwitz, A; Wild, H

    1984-01-05

    A filter is moved from a store to an aerosol pipe by a lifting device and is clamped there. At the end of the operating period, the lifting device moves a new filter to a parking place. Control is from limit switches of the lifting, clamping and thrust devices and the position control of the store is by the limit switches. The filter changing device is enclosed in a gastight case, prevents blockage of a filter and makes it possible to set a certain operating period, to change the filter without interrupting the aerosol flow and to measure each filter in the sequence of operation outside the aerosol flow.

  2. Development and Tests of the Event Filter for the ATLAS Experiment

    CERN Document Server

    Bosman, M; Negri, A; Segura, E; Sushkov, S; Touchard, F; Wheeler, S J; 14th IEEE - NPSS Real Time Conference 2005 Nuclear Plasma Sciences Society

    2005-01-01

    The Trigger and Data Acquisition (TDAQ) System of the ATLAS Experiment comprises three stages of event selection. The Event Filter (EF) is the third level trigger and is software implemented. Its primary goal is the final selection of interesting events with reduction of the event rate down to ~200 Hz acceptable by the mass storage. The EF System will be implemented as a set of independent commodity components Sub-Farms, each connected to the Event Builder subsystem to receive full events and on the other side to the Sub-Farm Output nodes, where the selected events are forwarded to mass storage. A distinctive feature of the Event Filter is its ability to use the full event data for selection directly based on the offline reconstruction and analysis algorithms. Besides the main duties on event triggering and data transportation, the EF is also able to provide additional functionalities, like monitoring of the selected events and online calibration of the ATLAS detectors. Significant design improvements are cur...

  3. Sensory pollution from bag-type fiberglass ventilation filters: Conventional filter compared with filters containing various amounts of activated carbon

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bekö, Gabriel; Fadeyi, M.O.; Clausen, Geo

    2009-01-01

    filter and three modifications of a bag-type fiberglass combination filter: the "Heavy" corresponded to a commercially available filter containing 400 g of carbon per square meter of filter area, the "Medium" contained half as much carbon (200 g/m(2)), and the "Light" contained a quarter as much carbon...

  4. A Differential Geometric Approach to Nonlinear Filtering: The Projection Filter

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Brigo, D.; Hanzon, B.; LeGland, F.

    1998-01-01

    This paper presents a new and systematic method of approximating exact nonlinear filters with finite dimensional filters, using the differential geometric approach to statistics. The projection filter is defined rigorously in the case of exponential families. A convenient exponential family is

  5. Filter and Filter Bank Design for Image Texture Recognition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Randen, Trygve

    1997-12-31

    The relevance of this thesis to energy and environment lies in its application to remote sensing such as for instance sea floor mapping and seismic pattern recognition. The focus is on the design of two-dimensional filters for feature extraction, segmentation, and classification of digital images with textural content. The features are extracted by filtering with a linear filter and estimating the local energy in the filter response. The thesis gives a review covering broadly most previous approaches to texture feature extraction and continues with proposals of some new techniques. 143 refs., 59 figs., 7 tabs.

  6. The development of an on-line gold analyser

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Robert, R.V.D.; Ormrod, G.T.W.

    1982-01-01

    An on-line analyser to monitor the gold in solutions from the carbon-in-pulp process is described. The automatic system is based on the delivery of filtered samples of the solutions to a distribution valve for measurement by flameless atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. The samples is introduced by the aerosol-deposition method. Operation of the analyser on a pilot plant and on a full-scale carbon-in-pulp plant has shown that the system is economically feasible and capable of providing a continuous indication of the efficiency of the extraction process

  7. HEPA Filter Vulnerability Assessment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    GUSTAVSON, R.D.

    2000-01-01

    This assessment of High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter vulnerability was requested by the USDOE Office of River Protection (ORP) to satisfy a DOE-HQ directive to evaluate the effect of filter degradation on the facility authorization basis assumptions. Within the scope of this assessment are ventilation system HEPA filters that are classified as Safety-Class (SC) or Safety-Significant (SS) components that perform an accident mitigation function. The objective of the assessment is to verify whether HEPA filters that perform a safety function during an accident are likely to perform as intended to limit release of hazardous or radioactive materials, considering factors that could degrade the filters. Filter degradation factors considered include aging, wetting of filters, exposure to high temperature, exposure to corrosive or reactive chemicals, and exposure to radiation. Screening and evaluation criteria were developed by a site-wide group of HVAC engineers and HEPA filter experts from published empirical data. For River Protection Project (RPP) filters, the only degradation factor that exceeded the screening threshold was for filter aging. Subsequent evaluation of the effect of filter aging on the filter strength was conducted, and the results were compared with required performance to meet the conditions assumed in the RPP Authorization Basis (AB). It was found that the reduction in filter strength due to aging does not affect the filter performance requirements as specified in the AB. A portion of the HEPA filter vulnerability assessment is being conducted by the ORP and is not part of the scope of this study. The ORP is conducting an assessment of the existing policies and programs relating to maintenance, testing, and change-out of HEPA filters used for SC/SS service. This document presents the results of a HEPA filter vulnerability assessment conducted for the River protection project as requested by the DOE Office of River Protection

  8. Evaluation of exome filtering techniques for the analysis of clinically relevant genes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kernohan, Kristin D; Hartley, Taila; Alirezaie, Najmeh; Robinson, Peter N; Dyment, David A; Boycott, Kym M

    2018-02-01

    A significant challenge facing clinical translation of exome sequencing is meaningful and efficient variant interpretation. Each exome contains ∼500 rare coding variants; laboratories must systematically and efficiently identify which variant(s) contribute to the patient's phenotype. In silico filtering is an approach that reduces analysis time while decreasing the chances of incidental findings. We retrospectively assessed 55 solved exomes using available datasets as in silico filters: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Orphanet, Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO), and Radboudumc University Medical Center curated panels. We found that personalized panels produced using HPO terms for each patient had the highest success rate (100%), while producing considerably less variants to assess. HPO panels also captured multiple diagnoses in the same individual. We conclude that custom HPO-derived panels are an efficient and effective way to identify clinically relevant exome variants. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  9. The Online Histogram Presenter for the ATLAS experiment: A modular system for histogram visualization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dotti, Andrea; Adragna, Paolo; Vitillo, Roberto A

    2010-01-01

    The Online Histogram Presenter (OHP) is the ATLAS tool to display histograms produced by the online monitoring system. In spite of the name, the Online Histogram Presenter is much more than just a histogram display. To cope with the large amount of data, the application has been designed to minimise the network traffic; sophisticated caching, hashing and filtering algorithms reduce memory and CPU usage. The system uses Qt and ROOT for histogram visualisation and manipulation. In addition, histogram visualisation can be extensively customised through configuration files. Finally, its very modular architecture features a lightweight plug-in system, allowing extensions to accommodate specific user needs. After an architectural overview of the application, the paper is going to present in detail the solutions adopted to increase the performance and a description of the plug-in system.

  10. The Online Histogram Presenter for the ATLAS experiment: A modular system for histogram visualization

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dotti, Andrea [CERN, CH-1211 Genve 23 Switzerland (Switzerland); Adragna, Paolo [Physics Department, Queen Mary, University of London Mile End Road London E1 4RP UK (United Kingdom); Vitillo, Roberto A, E-mail: andrea.dotti@cern.c [INFN Sezione di Pisa, Ed. C Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa (Italy)

    2010-04-01

    The Online Histogram Presenter (OHP) is the ATLAS tool to display histograms produced by the online monitoring system. In spite of the name, the Online Histogram Presenter is much more than just a histogram display. To cope with the large amount of data, the application has been designed to minimise the network traffic; sophisticated caching, hashing and filtering algorithms reduce memory and CPU usage. The system uses Qt and ROOT for histogram visualisation and manipulation. In addition, histogram visualisation can be extensively customised through configuration files. Finally, its very modular architecture features a lightweight plug-in system, allowing extensions to accommodate specific user needs. After an architectural overview of the application, the paper is going to present in detail the solutions adopted to increase the performance and a description of the plug-in system.

  11. Potential for HEPA filter damage from water spray systems in filter plenums

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bergman, W. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Fretthold, J.K. [Rocky Flats Safe Sites of Colorado, Golden, CO (United States); Slawski, J.W. [Department of Energy, Germantown, MD (United States)

    1997-08-01

    The water spray systems in high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter plenums that are used in nearly all Department of Energy (DOE) facilities for protection against fire was designed under the assumption that the HEPA filters would not be damaged by the water sprays. The most likely scenario for filter damage involves filter plugging by the water spray, followed by the fan blowing out the filter medium. A number of controlled laboratory tests that were previously conducted in the late 1980s are reviewed in this paper to provide a technical basis for the potential HEPA filter damage by the water spray system in HEPA filter plenums. In addition to the laboratory tests, the scenario for BEPA filter damage during fires has also occurred in the field. A fire in a four-stage, BEPA filter plenum at Rocky Flats in 1980 caused the first three stages of BEPA filters to blow out of their housing and the fourth stage to severely bow. Details of this recently declassified fire are presented in this paper. Although these previous findings suggest serious potential problems exist with the current water spray system in filter plenums, additional studies are required to confirm unequivocally that DOE`s critical facilities are at risk. 22 refs., 15 figs.

  12. Biodegradable plastics. A contribution to promoting composting in Germany; Bioabbaubare Kunststoffe. Ein Beitrag zur Foerderung der Kompostierung in Deutschland

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hamprecht, Jens [BASF SE, Ludwigshafen (Germany)

    2012-11-01

    Up to 80% of all Germans use newspapers for collecting biomass waste, even if it is unhygienic and the paper will soak. This is just one of the many examples of the Germans' readiness to separate waste fractions and save resources. Separation of biomass waste and composting is another field where Germany is ahead of other countries, but the potential is still not fully utilized by far. More hygienic collecting of biomass waste would be possible if biodegradable plastic containers were used. (orig.) [German] Bis zu 80% der Buerger in Deutschland verwenden bisher Zeitung zum Sammeln von Bioabfaellen, selbst wenn es unhygienisch ist und die Zeitung leicht durchweicht. Und das ist nur einer von vielen Beweisen fuer die hohe Bereitschaft der Deutschen zur Abfalltrennung und damit zur Ressourcenschonung. Kein Wunder also, dass in Deutschland auch die Bioabfalltrennung und Kompostierung im Vergleich zu anderen Laendern sehr weit entwickelt ist. Trotzdem ist das Potential noch bei weitem nicht ausgeschoepft. Mit Hilfe von bioabbaubaren Kunststoffen kann den Buergern eine hygienischere Sammlung von Bioabfall ermoeglicht werden. (orig.)

  13. The step from the project control to long-distance control; Von der Projekt- zur Fernkontrolle

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kaelin, W. [Ingenieurbuero Werner Kaelin, Schwyz (Switzerland)

    1995-12-31

    In chapter 8 of the anthology about building control the extension from project control to long-distance control is described. The following aspects are discussed: guidelines (operating concept, task anthology), project (implementation, control, documentation), realisation (initiation, example), operation (regional co-operation, characteristic numbers). (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 8 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control ist dem Ausbau von der Projekt- zur Fernkontrolle gewidmet. In diesem Zusammenhang werden folgende Themen angesprochen: Vorgaben (Betriebskonzept, Pflichtenheft), Projekt (Umsetzung, Kontrolle, Dokumentation), Ausfuehrung (Inbetriebsetzung, Beispiel); Betrieb (regionaler Zusammenschluss, Kennzahlen). (BWI)

  14. Online Identification of a Mechanical System in the Frequency Domain with Short-Time DFT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Niko Nevaranta

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available A proper system identification method is of great importance in the process of acquiring an analytical model that adequately represents the characteristics of the monitored system. While the use of different time-domain online identification techniques has been widely recognized as a powerful approach for system diagnostics, the frequency domain identification techniques have primarily been considered for offline commissioning purposes. This paper addresses issues in the online frequency domain identification of a flexible two-mass mechanical system with varying dynamics, and a particular attention is paid to detect the changes in the system dynamics. An online identification method is presented that is based on a recursive Kalman filter configured to perform like a discrete Fourier transform (DFT at a selected set of frequencies. The experimental online identification results are compared with the corresponding values obtained from the offline-identified frequency responses. The results show an acceptable agreement and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed identification method.

  15. ``Power pricing`` in a competitive environment - from a cost-plus calculation to market oriented pricing; Strom-Pricing im Wettbewerb - Von der Kosten-Plus- zur marktfaehigen Preispolitik

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Laker, M.; Herr, S. [Unternehmensberatung Simon Kucher und Partners, Bonn (Germany)]|[Strategy and Marketing Consultants GmbH, Cambridge, MA (United States)

    1998-06-29

    The days when electricity contracts were standardized with few modifications catered to customer needs are over. In liberalized electricity markets, pricing has become significantly more important. Survival in this competitive environment hinges not only on the absolute price level, but in particular on opportunities for price differentiation. The following article focuses on measures to create flexible pricing and contractual schemes. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Zeiten einheitlicher Stromvertraege mit geringen Modifikationen sind vorbei. Durch die Liberalisierung des Strommarktes ist die Bedeutung des Preises drastisch gestiegen. Um im Wettbewerb ueberleben zu koennen, spielen nicht nur die absolute Preishoehe, sondern vor allem die Moeglichkeiten zur Preisdifferenzierung eine entscheidende Rolle. Erfolgversprechende Massnahmen zur flexiblen Preis- und Vertragsgestaltung stehen im Mittelpunkt dieses Aufsatzes. (orig.)

  16. Neutron Beam Filters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Adib, M.

    2011-01-01

    The purpose of filters is to transmit neutrons with selected energy, while remove unwanted ones from the incident neutron beam. This reduces the background, and the number of spurious. The types of commonly used now-a-day neutron filters and their properties are discussed in the present work. There are three major types of neutron filters. The first type is filter of selective thermal neutron. It transmits the main reflected neutrons from a crystal monochromate, while reject the higher order contaminations accompanying the main one. Beams coming from the moderator always contain unwanted radiation like fast neutrons and gamma-rays which contribute to experimental background and to the biological hazard potential. Such filter type is called filter of whole thermal neutron spectrum. The third filter type is it transmits neutrons with energies in the resonance energy range (En . 1 KeV). The main idea of such neutron filter technique is the use of large quantities of a certain material which have the deep interference minima in its total neutron cross-section. By transmitting reactor neutrons through bulk layer of such material, one can obtain the quasimonochromatic neutron lines instead of white reactor spectrum.

  17. Miniaturized dielectric waveguide filters

    OpenAIRE

    Sandhu, MY; Hunter, IC

    2016-01-01

    Design techniques for a new class of integrated monolithic high-permittivity ceramic waveguide filters are presented. These filters enable a size reduction of 50% compared to air-filled transverse electromagnetic filters with the same unloaded Q-factor. Designs for Chebyshev and asymmetric generalised Chebyshev filter and a diplexer are presented with experimental results for an 1800 MHz Chebyshev filter and a 1700 MHz generalised Chebyshev filter showing excellent agreement with theory.

  18. Concrete ensemble Kalman filters with rigorous catastrophic filter divergence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kelly, David; Majda, Andrew J; Tong, Xin T

    2015-08-25

    The ensemble Kalman filter and ensemble square root filters are data assimilation methods used to combine high-dimensional, nonlinear dynamical models with observed data. Ensemble methods are indispensable tools in science and engineering and have enjoyed great success in geophysical sciences, because they allow for computationally cheap low-ensemble-state approximation for extremely high-dimensional turbulent forecast models. From a theoretical perspective, the dynamical properties of these methods are poorly understood. One of the central mysteries is the numerical phenomenon known as catastrophic filter divergence, whereby ensemble-state estimates explode to machine infinity, despite the true state remaining in a bounded region. In this article we provide a breakthrough insight into the phenomenon, by introducing a simple and natural forecast model that transparently exhibits catastrophic filter divergence under all ensemble methods and a large set of initializations. For this model, catastrophic filter divergence is not an artifact of numerical instability, but rather a true dynamical property of the filter. The divergence is not only validated numerically but also proven rigorously. The model cleanly illustrates mechanisms that give rise to catastrophic divergence and confirms intuitive accounts of the phenomena given in past literature.

  19. Hybrid Filter Membrane

    Science.gov (United States)

    Laicer, Castro; Rasimick, Brian; Green, Zachary

    2012-01-01

    Cabin environmental control is an important issue for a successful Moon mission. Due to the unique environment of the Moon, lunar dust control is one of the main problems that significantly diminishes the air quality inside spacecraft cabins. Therefore, this innovation was motivated by NASA s need to minimize the negative health impact that air-suspended lunar dust particles have on astronauts in spacecraft cabins. It is based on fabrication of a hybrid filter comprising nanofiber nonwoven layers coated on porous polymer membranes with uniform cylindrical pores. This design results in a high-efficiency gas particulate filter with low pressure drop and the ability to be easily regenerated to restore filtration performance. A hybrid filter was developed consisting of a porous membrane with uniform, micron-sized, cylindrical pore channels coated with a thin nanofiber layer. Compared to conventional filter media such as a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, this filter is designed to provide high particle efficiency, low pressure drop, and the ability to be regenerated. These membranes have well-defined micron-sized pores and can be used independently as air filters with discreet particle size cut-off, or coated with nanofiber layers for filtration of ultrafine nanoscale particles. The filter consists of a thin design intended to facilitate filter regeneration by localized air pulsing. The two main features of this invention are the concept of combining a micro-engineered straight-pore membrane with nanofibers. The micro-engineered straight pore membrane can be prepared with extremely high precision. Because the resulting membrane pores are straight and not tortuous like those found in conventional filters, the pressure drop across the filter is significantly reduced. The nanofiber layer is applied as a very thin coating to enhance filtration efficiency for fine nanoscale particles. Additionally, the thin nanofiber coating is designed to promote capture of

  20. Guitarist Fingertip Tracking by Integrating a Bayesian Classifier into Particle Filters

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chutisant Kerdvibulvech

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available We propose a vision-based method for tracking guitar fingerings made by guitar players. We present it as a new framework for tracking colored finger markers by integrating a Bayesian classifier into particle filters. This adds the useful abilities of automatic track initialization and recovery from tracking failures in a dynamic background. Furthermore, by using the online adaptation of color probabilities, this method is able to cope with illumination changes. Augmented Reality Tag (ARTag is then utilized to calculate the projection matrix as an online process which allows the guitar to be moved while being played. Representative experimental results are also included. The method presented can be used to develop the application of human-computer interaction (HCI to guitar playing by recognizing the chord being played by a guitarist in virtual spaces. The aforementioned application would assist guitar learners by allowing them to automatically identify if they are using the correct chords required by the musical piece.

  1. Muon Event Filter Software for the ATLAS Experiment at LHC

    CERN Document Server

    Biglietti, M; Assamagan, Ketevi A; Baines, J T M; Bee, C P; Bellomo, M; Bogaerts, J A C; Boisvert, V; Bosman, M; Caron, B; Casado, M P; Cataldi, G; Cavalli, D; Cervetto, M; Comune, G; Conde, P; Conde-Muíño, P; De Santo, A; De Seixas, J M; Di Mattia, A; Dos Anjos, A; Dosil, M; Díaz-Gómez, M; Ellis, Nick; Emeliyanov, D; Epp, B; Falciano, S; Farilla, A; George, S; Ghete, V M; González, S; Grothe, M; Kabana, S; Khomich, A; Kilvington, G; Konstantinidis, N P; Kootz, A; Lowe, A; Luminari, L; Maeno, T; Masik, J; Meessen, C; Mello, A G; Merino, G; Moore, R; Morettini, P; Negri, A; Nikitin, N V; Nisati, A; Padilla, C; Panikashvili, N; Parodi, F; Pinfold, J L; Pinto, P; Primavera, M; Pérez-Réale, V; Qian, Z; Resconi, S; Rosati, S; Santamarina-Rios, C; Scannicchio, D A; Schiavi, C; Segura, E; Sivoklokov, S Yu; Soluk, R A; Stefanidis, E; Sushkov, S; Sutton, M; Sánchez, C; Tapprogge, Stefan; Thomas, E; Touchard, F; Venda-Pinto, B; Ventura, A; Vercesi, V; Werner, P; Wheeler, S; Wickens, F J; Wiedenmann, W; Wielers, M; Zobernig, G; Computing In High Energy Physics

    2005-01-01

    At LHC the 40 MHz bunch crossing rate dictates a high selectivity of the ATLAS Trigger system, which has to keep the full physics potential of the experiment in spite of a limited storage capability. The level-1 trigger, implemented in a custom hardware, will reduce the initial rate to 75 kHz and is followed by the software based level-2 and Event Filter, usually referred as High Level Triggers (HLT), which further reduce the rate to about 100 Hz. In this paper an overview of the implementation of the offline muon recostruction algortihms MOORE (Muon Object Oriented REconstruction) and MuId (Muon Identification) as Event Filter in the ATLAS online framework is given. The MOORE algorithm performs the reconstruction inside the Muon Spectrometer providing a precise measurement of the muon track parameters outside the calorimeters; MuId combines the measurements of all ATLAS sub-detectors in order to identify muons and provides the best estimate of their momentum at the production vertex. In the HLT implementatio...

  2. ONLINE VISIBILITY OF THE TOURISTIC SUPPLY IN SUCEAVA COUNTY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pavel STANCIU

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Due to the fact that the Internet is now a media zone that tends to monopolize the entire tourist advertising, a careful analysis is required to determine its impact on the marketing activity of the tourist accommodation structures in Bucovina. The major objective of the study aims to highlight the stage development of the touristic accommodation structures in Suceava County through the online visibility filter and, implicitly, their familiarisation with the specific techniques, strategies and marketing methods of the virtual environment.

  3. OnLineLectures - eLearning als Ergänzung der tierärztlichen Fortbildung [Online Lectures - continuing education in veterinary medicine assisted by e-learning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leidl, Werner

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available [english] Practising veterinarians in Germany are obliged to take part in continuing education. Due to high expenses which are incurred while taking part in continuing education, such as replacement of personnel, travel costs, conference fees, etc., it is important that efforts toward achievement of learning objectives are maximized. Through the introduction of rapid e-learning techniques, several conferences have been digitised and made available via the internet including publication of CD-ROMs to give participants the possibility of repeated learning. The acceptability of this technique was tested via utilisation data and a survey of participants. It was found that 83.3% of lecturers provided their talks (i.e., a total of approximately 196 lectures for digital distribution. The website featuring the on-line lectures recorded an average of 22 visits per day during a 12-month period. The survey conducted on 82 participants showed a high level of acceptance toward the e-learning technique. In conclusion, there is evidence of a great demand for using new media in continuing education for practitioners of veterinary medicine. [german] Die Tierärztinnen und Tierärzte in Deutschland sind gesetzlich zur Fortbildung verpflichtet. Da die Gesamtkosten für die Fortbildung sehr hoch sind (Praxisvertreter, Reisekosten, Tagungsbeitrag, sollte der Lernerfolg möglichst ergiebig sein. Durch Rapid-eLearning wurden mehrere Vortragsveranstaltungen digitalisiert und per Internet und CD verbreitet, um die Möglichkeiten der Nacharbeitung zu verbessern. Anhand der Nutzungszahlen und einer Nutzerbefragung wurde die Akzeptanz dieser Technik überprüft. 83,3% der Referenten stellten ihre Vorträge für eine digitale Verbreitung zur Verfügung, sodass insgesamt 196 online-Vorträge entstanden sind. Die Internetseiten verzeichneten innerhalb von 12 Monaten durchschnittlich 22 Besuche (visits am Tag. In der Befragung von 82 Tagungsteilnehmern konnte eine hohe

  4. Re-Imagining "Bildung Zur Humanität": How I Developed the Dialogos Approach to Practical Philosophy through Action Inquiry Research

    Science.gov (United States)

    Helskog, Guro Hansen

    2015-01-01

    This paper presents an account of how I developed the Dialogos approach to practical philosophy through action inquiry research. The process of development is understood as a contribution to the reconstruction of the notion "Bildung zur Humanität" as an ideal in education. Core perspectives, traditions and purposes involved in the action…

  5. Sampled data CT system including analog filter and compensating digital filter

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Glover, G. H.; DallaPiazza, D. G.; Pelc, N. J.

    1985-01-01

    A CT scanner in which the amount of x-ray information acquired per unit time is substantially increased by using a continuous-on x-ray source and a sampled data system with the detector. An analog filter is used in the sampling system for band limiting the detector signal below the highest frequency of interest, but is a practically realizable filter and is therefore non-ideal. A digital filter is applied to the detector data after digitization to compensate for the characteristics of the analog filter, and to provide an overall filter characteristic more nearly like the ideal

  6. Basic methodology of tomographic imaging by filtered inverse projection at a turbo-pump. Project report; Methodische Grundlagen fuer die Tomographie durch gefilterte Rueckprojektion an einer Axialpumpe. Projektbericht

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hoppe, D.

    2000-11-01

    A two-phase medium consisting of a fluid containing gas is transported in a turbo-pump via an impeller. The interaction between the gaseous phase and the impeller is to be examined by tomography with gamma rays. Reconstruction of the image of the object is to be made by way of filtered inverse projection. The methodology of using this principle in the given system (geometry and measuring conditions) is explained. (orig./CB) [German] Ein zweiphasiges, aus einer gashaltigen Fluessigkeit bestehendes Medium wird in einer Axialpumpe von einem propellerartigen Laufrad senkrecht zur Drehachse dieses Laufrades transportiert. Die Wechselwirkung zwischen der Gasphase und dem Laufrad soll unter Verwendung von Gamma-Strahlung mittels Tomographie untersucht werden. Dabei ist fuer die Rekonstruktion des Objektbildes das Prinzip der sogenannten gefilterten Rueckprojektion vorgesehen. Die methodischen Grundlagen fuer die Nutzung dieses Prinzips unter von vorgesehenen geometrischen und messtechnischen Bedingungen sind Gegenstand dieser Arbeit. (orig.)

  7. Quick-change filter cartridge

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodgers, John C.; McFarland, Andrew R.; Ortiz, Carlos A.

    1995-01-01

    A quick-change filter cartridge. In sampling systems for measurement of airborne materials, a filter element is introduced into the sampled airstream such that the aerosol constituents are removed and deposited on the filter. Fragile sampling media often require support in order to prevent rupture during sampling, and careful mounting and sealing to prevent misalignment, tearing, or creasing which would allow the sampled air to bypass the filter. Additionally, handling of filter elements may introduce cross-contamination or exposure of operators to toxic materials. Moreover, it is desirable to enable the preloading of filter media into quick-change cartridges in clean laboratory environments, thereby simplifying and expediting the filter-changing process in the field. The quick-change filter cartridge of the present invention permits the application of a variety of filter media in many types of instruments and may also be used in automated systems. The cartridge includes a base through which a vacuum can be applied to draw air through the filter medium which is located on a porous filter support and held there by means of a cap which forms an airtight seal with the base. The base is also adapted for receiving absorbing media so that both particulates and gas-phase samples may be trapped for investigation, the latter downstream of the aerosol filter.

  8. Neue Elektrolyte zur Steigerung der Energiedichte einer nicht-wässrigen Vanadium-Acetylacetonat-Redox-Flow-Batterie

    OpenAIRE

    Herr, Tatjana

    2015-01-01

    Die Redox-Flow-Batterie ist eine vielversprechende Speicherungsmöglichkeit für stationäre Anwendungen. Bei dieser Batterie wird die Energie in einem flüssigen Elektrolyt gespeichert, wobei die Energiedichte von der Konzentration und dem Potentialfenster der gelösten redoxaktiven Substanz abhängt. Zur Steigerung der Energiedichte einer nicht-wässrigen Vanadium-Acetylacetonat-Redox-Flow-Batterie wurden organische Lösungsmittel, welche ein Potentialfenster bis zu 5 V aufweisen, und Lösungsmittel...

  9. Semi-non-intrusive objective intelligibility measure using spatial filtering in hearing aids

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sørensen, Charlotte; Boldt, Jesper Bünsow; Gran, Frederik

    2016-01-01

    -intrusive metrics have not been able to achieve acceptable intelligibility predictions. This paper presents a new semi-non-intrusive intelligibility measure based on an existing intrusive measure, STOI, where an estimate of the clean speech is extracted using spatial filtering in the hearing aid. The results......Reliable non-intrusive online assessment of speech intelligibility can play a key role for the functioning of hearing aids, e.g. as guidance for adjusting the hearing aid settings to the environment. While existing intrusive metrics can provide a precise and reliable measure, the current non...

  10. Improved Kalman Filter-Based Speech Enhancement with Perceptual Post-Filtering

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    WEIJianqiang; DULimin; YANZhaoli; ZENGHui

    2004-01-01

    In this paper, a Kalman filter-based speech enhancement algorithm with some improvements of previous work is presented. A new technique based on spectral subtraction is used for separation speech and noise characteristics from noisy speech and for the computation of speech and noise Autoregressive (AR) parameters. In order to obtain a Kalman filter output with high audible quality, a perceptual post-filter is placed at the output of the Kalman filter to smooth the enhanced speech spectra.Extensive experiments indicate that this newly proposed method works well.

  11. Readability of Online Materials for Rhinoplasty.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Santos, Pauline Joy F; Daar, David A; Paydar, Keyianoosh Z; Wirth, Garrett A

    2018-01-01

    Rhinoplasty is a popular aesthetic and reconstructive surgical procedure. However, little is known about the content and readability of online materials for patient education. The recommended grade level for educational materials is 7th to 8th grade according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). This study aims to assess the readability of online patient resources for rhinoplasty. The largest public search engine, Google, was queried using the term "rhinoplasty" on February 26, 2016. Location filters were disabled and sponsored results excluded to avoid any inadvertent search bias. The 10 most popular websites were identified and all relevant, patient-directed information within one click from the original site was downloaded and saved as plain text. Readability was analyzed using five established analyses (Readability-score.com, Added Bytes, Ltd., Sussex, UK). Analysis of ten websites demonstrates an average grade level of at least 12 th grade. No material was at the recommended 7 th to 8 th grade reading level (Flesch-Kincaid, 11.1; Gunning-Fog, 14.1; Coleman-Liau, 14.5; SMOG 10.4; Automated Readability, 10.7; Average Grade Level, 12.2). Overall Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease Index was 43.5, which is rated as "difficult." Online materials available for rhinoplasty exceed NIH-recommended reading levels, which may prevent appropriate decision-making in patients considering these types of surgery. Outcomes of this study identify that Plastic Surgeons should be cognizant of available online patient materials and make efforts to develop and provide more appropriate materials. Readability results can also contribute to marketing strategy and attracting a more widespread interest in the procedure.

  12. Experimental investigation of a non-equilibrium expansion flow after hydrogen/air combustion in hypersonic ramjet engines; Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Nichtgleichgewichtsexpansionsstroemung nach Wasserstoff/Luft-Verbrennung in Hyperschall-Staustrahltriebwerken

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Weisgerber, H.

    2002-03-01

    The exhaust gas flow in the model thrust nozzle under investigation is characterized by chemical and thermal (vibrational) non-equilibrium which is experimentally detected by differing rotational and vibrational temperatures in the supersonic region of the nozzle. An analytical method to determine the vibrational relaxation time from expansion experiments is presented and validated using literature data. The nitrogen vibrational temperature at the nozzle exit strongly depends on the relaxation time of collisions with water molecules; for this process a correlation from the literature is selected. The measurements are completed by an experimental and numerical analysis of velocimetry tracer particle motion in flows with strong velocity gradients and an experimental investigation of the causes and effects of laser beam distortions occurring in high enthalpy flows. So a reliable database is presented for a reacting flow in a model nozzle of rectangular cross-section which was already used to validate a CFD code including the model of thermal non-equilibrium effects. (orig.) [German] Die Stroemung eines Abgases in der untersuchten Modellschubduese ist charakterisiert durch chemisches und thermisches (vibratorisches) Nichtgleichgewicht, das durch die Abweichung der Vibrations- von der Rotationstemperatur des Stickstoffmolekuels im Ueberschallteil der Duese experimentell belegt wird. Eine Methode zur analytischen Ermittlung der Vibrationsrelaxationszeit aus Expansionsexperimenten wird vorgestellt und anhand von Literaturdaten validiert. Die entscheidende Groesse fuer die Vibrationstemperatur des Stickstoffs am Duesenaustritt ist die Relaxationszeit beim Stoss mit einem Wassermolekuel; aus den fuer diesen Vorgang vorliegenden Literaturangaben wird eine Korrelation ausgewaehlt. Zur Absicherung der Messungen wird zum einen das Folgeverhalten von zur Geschwindigkeitsmessung zugefuegten Partikeln in Stroemungen mit starken Geschwindigkeitsgradienten experimentell und

  13. Ein Beitrag zur aquatischen Käferfauna von Walcheren, Niederlande (Insecta, Coleoptera) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Halophilen und Halobionten Arten

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Burmeister, E.-G.

    1982-01-01

    EINLEITUNG In den Jahren 1975, 1977 und 1978 konnten in den Sommermonaten zahlreiche Gewässer der Halbinsel Walcheren auf ihre aquatische Käferfauna hin untersucht werden. Walcheren, ehemals eine Insel in der Scheidemündung, gehört zur Provinz Zeeland und ist heute durch die Polderlandschaft

  14. Method for cleaning the filter pockets of dust gas filter systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Margraf, A

    1975-05-07

    The invention deals with a method to clean filter pockets filled with dust gas. By a periodic to and fro air jet attached to a scavenging blower, a pulsed fluttering movement of the filter surface is obtained which releases the outer layers of dust. The charging of the filter pockets with scavenging air to clean the filter material can be carried out immediately on the pulsed admission with suitable time control.

  15. Investigations of pollutant migration using lysimeters; Untersuchungen zur Schadstoff-Migration in Lysimetern

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Klotz, D. (ed.)

    2002-07-01

    The third GSF Lysimeter Workshop focused on pollutant migration in underground strata, i.e. the dispersion of water constituents as referred to water transport on the basis of ideal tracer investigations. [German] Der am 29./30.04.2002 stattgefundene Workshop 'Untersuchungen zur Schadstoffmigration in Lysimetern' war der dritte GSF-Lysimeterworkshop nach denen in den Jahren 1998 und 2000 veranstalteten. Nachdem in den Jahren 1998 und 2000 der Wassertransport und die Bestimmung der Sickerwassergeschwindigkeit in Lysimetern im Mittelpunkt standen, war 2002 die Schadstoffmigration im Untergrund der Schwerpunkt der Vortraege und Poster. Unter Migration wird das Ausbreitungsverhalten von Wasserinhalts-(Fremd-, Schad-)Stoffen bezogen auf den Wassertransport, bestimmt mit idealen Tracern, verstanden. (orig.)

  16. A Digital Image Denoising Algorithm Based on Gaussian Filtering and Bilateral Filtering

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Piao Weiying

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Bilateral filtering has been applied in the area of digital image processing widely, but in the high gradient region of the image, bilateral filtering may generate staircase effect. Bilateral filtering can be regarded as one particular form of local mode filtering, according to above analysis, an mixed image de-noising algorithm is proposed based on Gaussian filter and bilateral filtering. First of all, it uses Gaussian filter to filtrate the noise image and get the reference image, then to take both the reference image and noise image as the input for range kernel function of bilateral filter. The reference image can provide the image’s low frequency information, and noise image can provide image’s high frequency information. Through the competitive experiment on both the method in this paper and traditional bilateral filtering, the experimental result showed that the mixed de-noising algorithm can effectively overcome staircase effect, and the filtrated image was more smooth, its textural features was also more close to the original image, and it can achieve higher PSNR value, but the amount of calculation of above two algorithms are basically the same.

  17. Filtering Photogrammetric Point Clouds Using Standard LIDAR Filters Towards DTM Generation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Z.; Gerke, M.; Vosselman, G.; Yang, M. Y.

    2018-05-01

    Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) can be generated from point clouds acquired by laser scanning or photogrammetric dense matching. During the last two decades, much effort has been paid to developing robust filtering algorithms for the airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. With the point cloud quality from dense image matching (DIM) getting better and better, the research question that arises is whether those standard Lidar filters can be used to filter photogrammetric point clouds as well. Experiments are implemented to filter two dense matching point clouds with different noise levels. Results show that the standard Lidar filter is robust to random noise. However, artefacts and blunders in the DIM points often appear due to low contrast or poor texture in the images. Filtering will be erroneous in these locations. Filtering the DIM points pre-processed by a ranking filter will bring higher Type II error (i.e. non-ground points actually labelled as ground points) but much lower Type I error (i.e. bare ground points labelled as non-ground points). Finally, the potential DTM accuracy that can be achieved by DIM points is evaluated. Two DIM point clouds derived by Pix4Dmapper and SURE are compared. On grassland dense matching generates points higher than the true terrain surface, which will result in incorrectly elevated DTMs. The application of the ranking filter leads to a reduced bias in the DTM height, but a slightly increased noise level.

  18. Development of Tremor Suppression Control System Using Adaptive Filter and Its Application to Meal-assist Robot

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yano, Ken'ichi; Ohara, Eiichi; Horihata, Satoshi; Aoki, Takaaki; Nishimoto, Yutaka

    A robot that supports independent living by assisting with eating and other activities which use the operator's own hand would be helpful for people suffering from tremors of the hand or any other body part. The proposed system using adaptive filter estimates tremor frequencies with a time-varying property and individual differences online. In this study, the estimated frequency is used to adjusting the tremor suppression filter which insulates the voluntary motion signal from the sensor signal containing tremor components. These system are integrated into the control system of the Meal-Assist Robot. As a result, the developed system makes it possible for the person with a tremor to manipulate the supporting robot without causing operability to deteriorate and without hazards due to improper operation.

  19. Guideline for in vivo- and in vitro procedures for thyroid diseases. Version 2; Leitlinie zur Schilddruesendiagnostik. Version 2

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dietlein, M.; Dressler, J.; Gruenwald, F.; Joseph, K.; Leisner, B.; Moser, E.; Reiners, C.; Rendl, J.; Schicha, H.; Schneider, P.; Schober, O. [Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Nuklearmedizin (DGN) (Germany)

    2003-06-01

    The version 2 of the guideline for diagnostic standards of thyroid disorders is an update of the guideline published in 1999 and describes standards of in vitro and in vivo procedures. The following statements are modified: In vitro procedures: When measurement of the TSH-receptor antibodies is indicated, the guideline recommends the use of a second generation assay (recombinant human TSH-receptor as antigen). The functional assay sensitivity for the measurement of thyroglobulin should reach a value {<=}1 ng/ml. Moleculargenetic tests (RET proto-oncogen) are indicated in patients with a newly diagnosed medullary thyroid cancer and in the relatives of patients with hereditary medullary thyroid cancer. In vivo procedures: The sonographic examination should use a probe with a frequency of at least 7.5 MHz. Indications for the thyroid scintigraphy: nodule size {>=}1 cm in diameter, autonomous goitre/nodule with clinical or subclinical hyperthyroidism, necessity of a differentiation between Graves' disease and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, therapy control after a definitive treatment and - in individual cases - the follow-up of untreated autonomous nodules. (orig.) [German] Mit der Version 2 der Leitlinie zur Schilddruesendiagnostik wird die 1999 publizierte Leitlinie aktualisiert. Die Leitlinie behandelt sowohl In-vitro- als auch In-vivo-Diagnostik. Die Aenderungen umfassen folgende Aspekte: In-vitro-Diagnostik: Zur Messung der Antikoerper gegen den TSH-Rezeptor werden Assaysysteme der zweiten Generation empfohlen, bei denen der rekombinante humane TSH-Rezeptor als Antigen eingesetzt wird. Die funktionelle Assaysensitivitaet der Thyreoglobulinbestimmung sollte {<=}1 ng/ml betragen. Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen (RET Protoonkogen) haben ihren Platz bei der Erstmanifestation eines medullaeren Schilddruesenkarzinoms und im Familienscreening, falls eine hereditaere Form des medullaeren Schilddruesenkarzinoms vorliegt. In-vivo-Diagnostik: Die sonographische

  20. Bias aware Kalman filters

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Drecourt, J.-P.; Madsen, H.; Rosbjerg, Dan

    2006-01-01

    This paper reviews two different approaches that have been proposed to tackle the problems of model bias with the Kalman filter: the use of a colored noise model and the implementation of a separate bias filter. Both filters are implemented with and without feedback of the bias into the model state....... The colored noise filter formulation is extended to correct both time correlated and uncorrelated model error components. A more stable version of the separate filter without feedback is presented. The filters are implemented in an ensemble framework using Latin hypercube sampling. The techniques...... are illustrated on a simple one-dimensional groundwater problem. The results show that the presented filters outperform the standard Kalman filter and that the implementations with bias feedback work in more general conditions than the implementations without feedback. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved....

  1. Study of different filters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cochinal, R.; Rouby, R.

    1959-01-01

    This note first contains a terminology related to filters and to their operation, and then proposes an overview of general characteristics of filters such as load loss with respect to gas rate, efficiency, and clogging with respect to filter pollution. It also indicates standard aerosols which are generally used, how they are dosed, and how efficiency is determined with a standard aerosol. Then, after a presentation of the filtration principle, this note reports the study of several filters: glass wool, filter papers provided by different companies, Teflon foam, English filters, Teflon wool, sintered Teflonite, quartz wool, polyvinyl chloride foam, synthetic filter, sintered bronze. The third part reports the study of some aerosol and dust separators

  2. Numerical Study on Self-Cleaning Canister Filter With Add-On Filter Cap

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohammed Akmal Nizam

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Filtration in a turbo machinery system such as a gas turbine will ensure that the air entering the inlet is free from contaminants that could bring damage to the main system. Self-cleaning filter systems for gas turbines are designed for continuously efficient flow filtration. A good filter would be able to maintain its effectiveness over a longer time period, prolonging the duration between filter replacements and providing lower pressure drop over its operating lifetime. With this goal in mind, the current study is focused on the difference in pressure loss of the benchmark Salutary Avenue Self-cleaning filter in comparison to a new design with an add-on filter cap. Geometry for the add-on filter cap will be based from Salutary Avenue Manufacturing Sdn.Bhd. SOLIDWORKS software was used to model the geometry of the filter, while simulation analysis on the flow through the filter was done using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD software. The simulations are based on a low velocity condition, in which the parameter for the inlet velocity are set at 0.032 m/s, 0.063 m/s, 0.094 m/s and 0.126 m/s respectively. From the simulation data obtained for the inlet velocities considered, the pressure drop reduction of the modified filter compared to the benchmark was found to be between 7.59% and 30.18%. All in all, the modification of the filter cap produced a lower pressure drop in comparison with the benchmark filter; an improvement of 27.02% for the total pressure drop was obtained.

  3. Effect of the time window on the heat-conduction information filtering model

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guo, Qiang; Song, Wen-Jun; Hou, Lei; Zhang, Yi-Lu; Liu, Jian-Guo

    2014-05-01

    Recommendation systems have been proposed to filter out the potential tastes and preferences of the normal users online, however, the physics of the time window effect on the performance is missing, which is critical for saving the memory and decreasing the computation complexity. In this paper, by gradually expanding the time window, we investigate the impact of the time window on the heat-conduction information filtering model with ten similarity measures. The experimental results on the benchmark dataset Netflix indicate that by only using approximately 11.11% recent rating records, the accuracy could be improved by an average of 33.16% and the diversity could be improved by 30.62%. In addition, the recommendation performance on the dataset MovieLens could be preserved by only considering approximately 10.91% recent records. Under the circumstance of improving the recommendation performance, our discoveries possess significant practical value by largely reducing the computational time and shortening the data storage space.

  4. Laboratory for filter testing

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Paluch, W.

    1987-07-01

    Filters used for mine draining in brown coal surface mines are tested by the Mine Draining Department of Poltegor. Laboratory tests of new types of filters developed by Poltegor are analyzed. Two types of tests are used: tests of scale filter models and tests of experimental units of new filters. Design and operation of the test stands used for testing mechanical properties and hydraulic properties of filters for coal mines are described: dimensions, pressure fluctuations, hydraulic equipment. Examples of testing large-diameter filters for brown coal mines are discussed.

  5. Modification of the method of Figgie for determination of joint line shifting in total knee arthroplasty; Modifizierung der Messmethode nach Figgie zur Bestimmung der Gelenklinienverschiebung in der Knieendoprothetik

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Classen, T.; Wegner, A.; Knoch, M. von [Universitaet Duisburg-Essen, Klinik fuer Orthopaedie, Essen (Germany)

    2009-06-15

    An important factor for a good result after total knee arthroplasty is the position of the patella in relation to the tibiofemoral joint line. The position of the patella itself is not influenced by arthroplasty, therefore any changes in the position of the tibiofemoral joint line are of special interest. The Figgie method to describe patella height delivers only absolute measurements, which makes it difficult to compare different radiographs. For this reason we developed a new JL/P quotient (JL: distance from the tibial plateau to the tibial tubercle, P: distance from the inferior pole of the patella to the tibial plateau) to enable better comparison. Furthermore, we modified the JL/P quotient and instead of taking the tibial plateau as the reference line, we constructed a tangent on the femoral condyle. With this modification, problems such as tibial inlays of different heights which have to be taken into account in the measurements, the slope of the tibial component or difficult assessment of the tibial joint surface in osteoarthritic knees do not arise. The JL/P quotient shows massive shift to cranialisation of the tibiofemoral joint line which does not correspond to reality. The modified method also shows cranialisation of the tibiofemoral joint line, but in a realistic way. Both methods show a minimal interobserver variability. The modified JL/P quotient seems to be a good method for determining the shift in the tibiofemoral joint line after total knee arthroplasty. (orig.) [German] Ein bedeutender Faktor fuer ein gutes postoperatives Ergebnis nach einer Knieendoprothesenimplantation ist die Stellung der Patella in Relation zur tibiofemoralen Gelenklinie. Da die Stellung der Patella durch den operativen Eingriff primaer nicht beeinflusst wird, liegt besonderes Augenmerk auf den Veraenderungen der Gelenklinie des Tibiofemoralgelenks. Die Messmethode zur Bestimmung der Patellahoehe nach Figgie liefert dafuer nur absolute Werte, was eine Vergleichbarkeit von

  6. Simulasi Filter Pasif Dan Perbandingan Unjuk Kerjanya Dengan Filter Aktif Dan Filter Aktif Hibrid Dalam Meredam Harmonisa Pada Induction Furnace

    OpenAIRE

    Tanoto, Yusak; Limantara, Limboto; Khandy Lestanto, Khristian

    2005-01-01

    This paper describe about simulation of Passive Filter in analysis to reduce harmonics that happened in a load such as vacuum casting induction furnace 9 kW, 13.8 kVA, 200V, 3 Ph, 50/60 Hz, also gives comparison with Hybrid Active Filter and Active Filter which made satisfaction result on the previous research. The best result achieved on the use of Hybrid Active Filter on %ITHD for 4.27 % and %VTHD for 3.83%, while Active Filter gave on %ITHD for 5.14 % and %VTHD for 3.82%. There ...

  7. Lehrerkooperation: theoretische reflexion über voraussetzungen zur erweiterung von kooperativität bei lehrern

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rainer Lengert

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Viele Bildungseinrichtungen verfolgen den Ausbau der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Lehrern, mit der Absicht, das Arbeitsklima zu pflegen und vor allem zur Verbesserung der Qualität ihres Bildungsangebotes. Allerdings bereiten die kooperativen Initiativen oft Unannehmlichkeiten, es sei denn, die Beteiligten kennen die umfangreichen Hintergründe, die höhere oder mindere Ebenen von Kooperation erleichtern oder behindern können. Diese Lücke wird im vorliegenden Artikel abgehandelt, indem neun Prämissen als Voraussetzung zur Erweiterung der Kooperation zwischen Lehrern dargestellt werden. Im Bewusstsein dieser Prämissen, ist es möglich, empirische Erforschungen künftig zu instrumentalisieren, wie auch Wege zu schaffen, Anforderungen an Lehrer und Schulen gewisser zu verwalten.Abstract Muitas instituições escolares têm aderido à busca de ampliar a cooperação entre seus professores, com a intenção de cuidar do ambiente de trabalho, mas, principalmente, de melhorar a qualidade de ensino oferecida. Porém, as iniciativas cooperativas costumam enfrentar dificuldades, sem que os envolvidos tenham conhecimento das causas amplas que impedem ou facilitam maiores ou menores níveis de cooperação. É dessa lacuna que trata o presente artigo, discutindo nove premissas que subjazem à possibilidade de ampliar a cooperação entre professores. Tendo consciência das premissas, é possível instrumentalizar futuras pesquisas empíricas, como também criar meios de gerir os requisitos que são de responsabilidade dos professores e das instituições escolares.

  8. Overview of data filtering/acquisition for a 4π detector at the SSC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lankford, A.J.; Dubois, G.P.

    1986-01-01

    The task of the Data Filtering/Acquisition Working Group was to examine the feasibility of acquiring data at the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) event rates from a 4-π detector with approximately three-quarters of a million electronic channels. An overview of the work on data filtering and acquisition is provided. The assumptions made about the detector, event rates, and event sizes are reviewed, and the overall picture of data flow through the data acqisition system is outlined. The problems of and the general approach to handling of the data during the analog and higher level trigger decision periods are described. The flow of the data to the online processor farm is sketched. Comments are made on software trigger strategies. Some aspects of the overall picture of a generic data acquisition system are sketched. Major issues and some needed develoments are summarized. 12 refs., 3 figs

  9. Dual vehicle - Development, construction and testing of a dual vehicle for passenger transport on roads and railways. Final report; Zweiwegefahrzeug - Entwicklung, Bau und Erprobung eines Zweiwegefahrzeuges zur Personenbefoerderung Strasse/Schiene. Abschlussbericht

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2001-07-01

    This feasibility study investigated a prototype dual vehicle for railways and roads. Technical problems, acceptance specifications, legal and economic aspects were gone into. [German] Zielstellung fuer das Vorhaben war die Untersuchung ausgewaehlter technischer Fragestellungen hinsichtlich der Machbarkeit der Entwicklung und Erprobung eines Prototypes fuer ein Zweiwegefahrzeug fuer den Personenverkehr, das fuer den Einsatz auf der Schiene und der Strasse vorgesehen und dafuer entsprechend technisch ausgestattet ist. Damit erbringt das Vorhaben technisch-konstruktive Loesungsansaetze fuer ein vollstaendig neues Fahrzeuggrundkonzept und traegt hinsichtlich eines solchen zukuenftigen Fahrzeugtyps - zur Klaerung technischer Fragen (statische Zusammenbauuntersuchungen, geometrische und massliche Bedingungen sowie Konzipierung, Leistungsanforderungen der Komponenten, Konzept fuer Ein- und Ausspuren sowie fuer Ein- und Ausstieg), - zur Pruefung der technischen Zulassungsfaehigkeit des Fahrzeuges, - zur Klaerung von Rechtsfragen fuer die Sicherung des Betriebes des Fahrzeuges - sowie zum Nachweis des wirtschaftlicheren Betriebes des Fahrzeuges bei. Das Vorhaben unterbreitet unter Beruecksichtigung sicherheitstechnischer, gesetzlicher und wirtschaftlicher Rahmenbedingungen Loesungsvorschlaege fuer die konstruktive Konzipierung des Fahrgestells und ein technisches Konzept fuer das Ein- und Ausspuren fuer einen neuen Fahrzeugtyp, der sowohl fuer die Strassenbenutzung als auch fuer den Schienenverkehr zugelassen ist. (orig.)

  10. A square root ensemble Kalman filter application to a motor-imagery brain-computer interface.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kamrunnahar, M; Schiff, S J

    2011-01-01

    We here investigated a non-linear ensemble Kalman filter (SPKF) application to a motor imagery brain computer interface (BCI). A square root central difference Kalman filter (SR-CDKF) was used as an approach for brain state estimation in motor imagery task performance, using scalp electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Healthy human subjects imagined left vs. right hand movements and tongue vs. bilateral toe movements while scalp EEG signals were recorded. Offline data analysis was conducted for training the model as well as for decoding the imagery movements. Preliminary results indicate the feasibility of this approach with a decoding accuracy of 78%-90% for the hand movements and 70%-90% for the tongue-toes movements. Ongoing research includes online BCI applications of this approach as well as combined state and parameter estimation using this algorithm with different system dynamic models.

  11. Rotation speed measurement for turbine governor: torsion filtering by using Kalman filter

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Houry, M.P.; Bourles, H.

    1996-01-01

    The rotation speed of a turbogenerator is disturbed by its shaft torsion. Obtaining a filtered measure of this speed is a problem of a great practical importance for turbine governor. A good filtering of this speed must meet two requirements: it must cut frequencies of the shaft torsion oscillation and it must not reduce or delay the signal in the pass-band, i.e. at lower frequencies. At Electricite de France, the speed measure is used to set in motion the fast valving system as quickly as possible, after a short circuit close to the unit or rather an islanding. It is difficult to satisfy these two requirements by using conventional filtering methods. The standard solution consists in a first order filter: at Electricite de France, its time constant is equal to 80 ms. We have decided to improve this filtering by designing a new filter which cuts the frequencies of the shaft torsion oscillation without reducing the bandwidth to the speed measure. If one uses conventional methods to obtain a band stop filter, it is easy to obtain the desired magnitude but not a phase near zero in the whole pass-band. Therefore, we have chosen to design the filter by using Kalman'a theory. The measurement noise is modeled as a colored one, generated by a very lightly damped system driven by a while noise. The resulting Kalman filter is an effective band stop filter, whose phase nicely remains near zero in the whole pass-band. The digital simulations we made and the tests we carried out with the Electricite de France Micro Network laboratory show the advantages of the rotation speed filter we designed using Kalman's theory. With the proposed filter, the speed measure filtering is better in terms of reduction and phase shift. the result is that there are less untimely solicitations of the fast valving system. Consequently, this device improves the power systems stability by minimizing the risks of deep perturbations due to a temporary lack of generation and the risks of under-speed loss

  12. Information Filtering Based on Users' Negative Opinions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guo, Qiang; Li, Yang; Liu, Jian-Guo

    2013-05-01

    The process of heat conduction (HC) has recently found application in the information filtering [Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.99, 154301 (2007)], which is of high diversity but low accuracy. The classical HC model predicts users' potential interested objects based on their interesting objects regardless to the negative opinions. In terms of the users' rating scores, we present an improved user-based HC (UHC) information model by taking into account users' positive and negative opinions. Firstly, the objects rated by users are divided into positive and negative categories, then the predicted interesting and dislike object lists are generated by the UHC model. Finally, the recommendation lists are constructed by filtering out the dislike objects from the interesting lists. By implementing the new model based on nine similarity measures, the experimental results for MovieLens and Netflix datasets show that the new model considering negative opinions could greatly enhance the accuracy, measured by the average ranking score, from 0.049 to 0.036 for Netflix and from 0.1025 to 0.0570 for Movielens dataset, reduced by 26.53% and 44.39%, respectively. Since users prefer to give positive ratings rather than negative ones, the negative opinions contain much more information than the positive ones, the negative opinions, therefore, are very important for understanding users' online collective behaviors and improving the performance of HC model.

  13. A Data Filter for Identifying Steady-State Operating Points in Engine Flight Data for Condition Monitoring Applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Simon, Donald L.; Litt, Jonathan S.

    2010-01-01

    This paper presents an algorithm that automatically identifies and extracts steady-state engine operating points from engine flight data. It calculates the mean and standard deviation of select parameters contained in the incoming flight data stream. If the standard deviation of the data falls below defined constraints, the engine is assumed to be at a steady-state operating point, and the mean measurement data at that point are archived for subsequent condition monitoring purposes. The fundamental design of the steady-state data filter is completely generic and applicable for any dynamic system. Additional domain-specific logic constraints are applied to reduce data outliers and variance within the collected steady-state data. The filter is designed for on-line real-time processing of streaming data as opposed to post-processing of the data in batch mode. Results of applying the steady-state data filter to recorded helicopter engine flight data are shown, demonstrating its utility for engine condition monitoring applications.

  14. A UNIFIED APPROACH FOR DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF DDOS ATTACKS USING ENHANCED SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES AND FILTERING MECHANISMS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    T. Subbulakshmi

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS attacks were considered to be a tremendous threat to the current information security infrastructure. During DDoS attack, multiple malicious hosts that are recruited by the attackers launch a coordinated attack against one host or a network victim, which cause denial of service to legitimate users. The existing techniques suffer from more number of false alarms and more human intervention for attack detection. The objective of this paper is to monitor the network online which automatically initiates detection mechanism if there is any suspicious activity and also defense the hosts from being arrived at the network. Both spoofed and non spoofed IP’s are detected in this approach. Non spoofed IP’s are detected using Enhanced Support Vector Machines (ESVM and spoofed IP’s are detected using Hop Count Filtering (HCF mechanism. The detected IP’s are maintained separately to initiate the defense process. The attack strength is calculated using Lanchester Law which initiates the defense mechanism. Based on the calculated attack strength any of the defense schemes such as Rate based limiting or History based IP filtering is automatically initiated to drop the packets from the suspected IP. The integrated online monitoring approach for detection and defense of DDoS attacks is deployed in an experimental testbed. The online approach is found to be obvious in the field of integrated DDoS detection and defense.

  15. The dry filter method for passive filtered venting of the containment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Freis, Daniel; Tietsch, Wolfgang; Obenland, Ralf; Kroes, Bert; Martinsteg, Hans

    2013-01-01

    Filtered Venting is a mitigative emergency measure to protect the containment from pressure failure in case of a severe accident. Filtered vent systems which are based on the Dry Filter Method (DFM) are proven technology, work completely passive, meet all functional requirements and show excellent performance with respect to filter efficiency. With such a system the release of radioactive fission products to the environment can be effectively minimized. Short and long term land contaminations can be avoided. (orig.)

  16. Studies on the hazard potential of noble metal emissions from catalytic converters; Untersuchungen zur Frage des Gefaehrdungspotentials von katalysatorbuertigen Edelmetallemissionen (VPT 05)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Artelt, S [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung, Hannover (Germany)

    1998-12-31

    Plants were exposed to engine exhaust fumes from engine test stands in order to estimate the probable level of platinum deposition near roads. [Deutsch] Zur Abschaetzung der zu erwarteten Platindeposition in der Naehe von Strassen wurden Pflanzen mit Motorabgasen, die aus Motorstandexperimenten gewonnen wurden, beaufschlagt. (orig.)

  17. Studies on the hazard potential of noble metal emissions from catalytic converters; Untersuchungen zur Frage des Gefaehrdungspotentials von katalysatorbuertigen Edelmetallemissionen (VPT 05)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Artelt, S. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung, Hannover (Germany)

    1997-12-31

    Plants were exposed to engine exhaust fumes from engine test stands in order to estimate the probable level of platinum deposition near roads. [Deutsch] Zur Abschaetzung der zu erwarteten Platindeposition in der Naehe von Strassen wurden Pflanzen mit Motorabgasen, die aus Motorstandexperimenten gewonnen wurden, beaufschlagt. (orig.)

  18. Generalized Selection Weighted Vector Filters

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rastislav Lukac

    2004-09-01

    Full Text Available This paper introduces a class of nonlinear multichannel filters capable of removing impulsive noise in color images. The here-proposed generalized selection weighted vector filter class constitutes a powerful filtering framework for multichannel signal processing. Previously defined multichannel filters such as vector median filter, basic vector directional filter, directional-distance filter, weighted vector median filters, and weighted vector directional filters are treated from a global viewpoint using the proposed framework. Robust order-statistic concepts and increased degree of freedom in filter design make the proposed method attractive for a variety of applications. Introduced multichannel sigmoidal adaptation of the filter parameters and its modifications allow to accommodate the filter parameters to varying signal and noise statistics. Simulation studies reported in this paper indicate that the proposed filter class is computationally attractive, yields excellent performance, and is able to preserve fine details and color information while efficiently suppressing impulsive noise. This paper is an extended version of the paper by Lukac et al. presented at the 2003 IEEE-EURASIP Workshop on Nonlinear Signal and Image Processing (NSIP '03 in Grado, Italy.

  19. Digital announcements from data carrier exchange to telecommunication; Digitale Ausschreibungen; vom Datentraegeraustausch zur Telekommunikation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Markert, H. [MW Software GmbH, Koeln (Germany)

    1995-12-31

    In chapter 7 of the anthology about building control digital announcements are described ranging from data carrier exchange to telecommunication. The following aspects are discussed: Exchange of texts and prices as well of service lists and offers, telecommunication software, costs of communication, comparison of paper, disk and telecommunication. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 7 des Sammelbandes ueber Building Control ist dem Thema der digitalen Ausschreibung gewidmet, reichend vom Datentraegeraustausch zur Telekommunikation. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auf folgende Themen eingegangen: Austausch von Texten und Preisen sowie von Leistungsverzeichnissen und Angeboten; Telekommunikations-Software; Kosten der Kommunikation sowie Vergleich Papier - Diskette - Telekommunikation. (BWI)

  20. Mathematic modelling of a fixed-bed gasifier as component of a plant for decentral biomass utilisation; Mathematische Modellierung eines Festbettvergasers als Bestandteil einer Anlage zur dezentralen Nutzung von Biomasse

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Funk, G.; Krumm, W. [Siegen Univ. (Gesamthochschule) (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Energie- und Umweltverfahrenstechnik

    2000-07-01

    This paper presents a two-dimensional nonstationary model that describes processes taking place during gasification in a fixed bed. For didactic purposes the process is split up into and described in terms of the partial models ''chemical reaction'', ''drying'', ''heat transfer'' and ''mass flow''. [German] Es wird ein zweidimensionales, instationaeres Modell zur Beschreibung der Vorgaenge bei der Vergasung im Festbett vorgestellt. Dabei werden zylinderfoermige Reaktoren betrachtet. Zur Beschreibung wird der Gesamtvorgang in die Teilmodelle 'chemische Reaktion', 'Trocknung', 'Waermeuebertragung' und 'Massefluss' unterteilt. Die einzelnen Teilmodelle werden vorgestellt. (orig.)

  1. Rotation speed measurement for turbine governor: torsion filtering by using Kalman filter

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Houry, M.P.; Bourles, H.

    1995-11-01

    The rotation speed of a turbogenerator is disturbed by its shaft torsion. Obtaining a filtered measure of this sped a problem of a great practical importance for turbine governor. A good filtering of this speed must meet two requirements: it must cut frequencies of the shaft torsion oscillation and it must not reduce or delay the signal in the pass-band. i.e. at lower frequencies. At Electricite de France, the speed measure is used to set in motion the fast valving system as quickly as possible, after a short circuit close to the unit (to contribute to the stability) or after an islanding (to quickly reach a balance with the house load). It is difficult to satisfy these two requirements by using conventional filtering methods. The standard solution consists in a first order filter: at Electricite de France, its time constant is equal to 80 ms; We have decided to improve this filtering by designing a new filter which cuts the frequencies of the shaft torsion oscillation without reducing the bandwidth of the speed measure. If one uses conventional methods to obtain a band-stop filter (for instance a Butterworth, a Chebyshev or an elliptic band-stop filter),it is easy to obtain the desired magnitude but not a phase near zero in the whole pass-band. Therefore, we have chosen to design the filter by using Kalman's theory. The measurement noise is modeled as a colored one, generated by a very lightly damped system driven by a white noise. The resulting Kalman filter is an effective band-stop filter, whose phase nicely remains near zero in the whole pass-band. (authors). 13 refs., 12 figs

  2. The application of Max-Plus/Min-Plus algebra for an automated analysis; Einsatz der Max-Plus/Min-Plus Algebra zur automatisierten Sicherheitsanalyse

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Laengst, W.; Lapp, A.; Stuebbe, K.; Schirmer, J.; Kraft, D. [Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart (Germany). Zentralbereich Forschung und Vorausentwicklung

    2003-07-01

    The methodology introduced in this article is capable of describing a binary behavior of distributed discrete event systems. This is the basis for a safety analysis in early phases of system development and for an automated determination of failure dependencies. For this purpose a system equation similar to the state-space representation in system theory is used. The equation is evaluated applying the Max-Plus/Min-Plus algebra. The procedure is exemplified by a simplified braking system. (orig.) [German] In dem vorliegenden Artikel wird ein Verfahren zur binaeren Beschreibung von verteilten ereignisdiskreten Systemen vorgestellt. Dieses wird als Grundlage fuer eine Sicherheitsanalyse in einer fruehen Phase der Systementwicklung und zur automatisierten Ermittlung von Fehlerabhaengigkeiten eingesetzt. Hierzu wird eine Systemgleichung verwendet, die aehnlich zu der Zustandsraumdarstellung der konventionellen Systemtheorie ist. Dabei erfolgt die Auswertung der Systemgleichung durch Anwendung der Max-Plus/Min-Plus Algebra. Die Vorgehensweise wird anhand des Beispiels eines vereinfachten Bremssystems erlaeutert. (orig.)

  3. Optimization of filter loading

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Turney, J.H.; Gardiner, D.E.; Sacramento Municipal Utility District, Herald, CA)

    1985-01-01

    The introduction of 10 CFR Part 61 has created potential difficulties in the disposal of spent cartridge filters. When this report was prepared, Rancho Seco had no method of packaging and disposing of class B or C filters. This work examined methods to minimize the total operating cost of cartridge filters while maintaining them below the class A limit. It was found that by encapsulating filters in cement the filter operating costs could be minimized

  4. Energy and the future: Sustainable methods of energy use from passive architecture to fusion. Lectures; Energie und Zukunft: Zukunftsweisende Methoden der Energienutzung vom Passivhaus bis zur Fusion. Vortraege

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nahm, W.; Schultze, K. [eds.

    1998-12-31

    In the run-up to the Kyoto conference, there is far-reaching agreement that the world energy industry needs to be reconstructed by the middle of the next century if a climate catastrophe is to be avoided. But how this goal can be reached is controversial. The risks involved are described in contributions concerned with German energy policy, the insurance sector, and scenarios for mitigating carbon dioxides on the basis of the Ikarus model. But the focus of this annual report of DPG`s task force Energy is on reports on longer-term technologies and methods. Two papers describe the state of the art of fusion research. In the conventional energy sector, high-efficiency absorption-type refrigerators and thermal engines, and fuel conservation through low-cost passive architecture are dealt with inter alia. Other lectures report on the state of solar energy utilization and process chains in the hydrogen-based economy. Five papers are individually listed in the Energy database. (orig.) [Deutsch] Im Vorfeld der Konferenz von Kyoto besteht weitgehende Einigkeit, dass die Weltenergiewirtschaft bis zur Mitte des naechsten Jahrhunderts umgestaltet werden muss, um eine Klimakatastrophe zu verhindern. Der Weg dahin ist umstritten. Seine Risiken kommen in Beitraegen zur deutschen Energiepolitik, zur Versicherungswirtschaft und zu Szenarien der Minderung der CO{sub 2}-Emissionen auf der Basis des Ikarus-Modells zum Ausdruck. Im Mittelpunkt des Jahresbandes des Arbeitskreises Energie der DPG stehen diesmal jedoch Berichte ueber laengerfristig angelegte Technologien und Methoden. Zwei Beitraege berichten ueber den Stand der Fusionsforschung. Im konventionellen Bereich geht es u.a. um hocheffiziente Absorptionsmaschinen zur Versorgung mit Kaelte und Waerme und um die Brennstoffeinsparung durch kostenguenstige Passivhaeuser. Andere Vortraege berichten ueber den Stand der Nutzung der Sonnenenergie und Prozessketten in der Wasserstoffwirtschaft. Fuer die Datenbank Energy wurden fuenf

  5. Retrievable Vena Cava Filters in Major Trauma Patients: Prevalence of Thrombus Within the Filter

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mahrer, Arie; Zippel, Douglas; Garniek, Alexander; Golan, Gil; Bensaid, Paul; Simon, Daniel; Rimon, Uri

    2008-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence of thrombus within a retrievable vena cava filter inserted prophylactically in major trauma patients referred for filter extraction. Between November 2002 and August 2005, 80 retrievable inferior vena cava filters (68 Optease and 12 Gunther-Tulip) were inserted into critically injured trauma patients (mean injury severity score 33.5). The filters were inserted within 1 to 6 (mean 2) days of injury. Thirty-seven patients were referred for filter removal (32 with Optease and 5 with Gunther-Tulip). The indwelling time was 7 to 22 (mean 13) days. All patients underwent inferior vena cavography prior to filter removal. There were no insertion-related complications and all filters were successfully deployed. Forty-three (54%) of the 80 patients were not referred for filter removal, as these patients continued to have contraindications to anticoagulation. Thirty-seven patients (46%) were referred for filter removal. In eight of them (22%) a large thrombus was seen within the filters and they were left in place, all with the Optease device. The other 29 filters (36%) were removed uneventfully.We conclude that the relatively high prevalence of intrafilter thrombi with the Optease filter may be explained by either spontaneous thrombus formation or captured emboli.

  6. Simulator to evaluate and optimise driver assistance systems; Ein Simulator zur Bewertung und Optimierung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Locher, J. [Hella KG Hueck and Co., Paderborn (Germany); Kleinkes, M. [Hella KG Hueck and Co., Lippstadt (Germany)

    2003-07-01

    For a short time now, the L-LAB (Light-LABoratory), a joint research facility of Hella KG and the University of Paderborn, has had a simulator available which allows the evaluation of driver assistance systems and the optimisation of man-machine interfaces. It is an interactive night driver simulator, which can be used to visualise any type of headlamp beam pattern true to the original. A Smart is used as the input medium; image projection is via a 3-channel high-performance beamer projection system onto large screens. Alongside synthetic roads, there is also a digitalised course available, approx. 10 km long, the original of which is actually used by Hella as a proving ground. Road safety indicators can be recorded directly and indirectly. For example, obstacles which suddenly appear force drivers to apply the brakes. The stopping distance required can be interpreted as a direct indicator for safety. In addition, an eye tracking system is used to record the eye movements of the test subjects, which allows additional road safety indicators to be derived. Comparative investigations between the digitalised proving ground and reality allow validation of the simulator. This year, a comprehensive study will be made to optimise the man-machine interface in connection with infrared vision systems in vehicles. The advantages of simulation are not only in the economical implementation possibilities and control of the variables, but also the fact that properties of driver assistance systems can be evaluated which are not even technically possible yet in reality. The use of the simulator developed here is not limited to tests connected with the visibility of obstacles, however. Rather, it allows the investigation and evaluation of a large range of potential driver assistance systems. (orig.) [German] Dem L-LAB (Light-LABoratory), einer gemeinsamen Forschungseinrichtung der Universitaet Paderborn und der Firma Hella KG in Lippstadt, steht seit kurzer Zeit ein Simulator zur

  7. Physical characteristics of the paper filter and low cafestol content filter coffee brews.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rendón, Mery Yovana; Dos Santos Scholz, Maria Brígida; Bragagnolo, Neura

    2018-06-01

    The results found in the literature concerning the effect of consuming filter coffee brews on increasing the blood cholesterol levels due to the presence of diterpenes, are divergent. Thus the present research evaluated the diterpene (cafestol and kahweol) concentrations in filter coffee brews prepared with paper filters of different sizes, colors and origins (Brazil, Japan, The United States of America, Germany, France and the Netherlands), with and without micro perforations. This is the first study that reports the physical characteristics of paper filter and its importance to obtain filter coffee brew with low cafestol content. Thus, a sample of Catuai cultivar coffee with high cafestol content was roasted to a medium-light degree and used to prepare the brews in a 1:10 ratio (coffee powder to water). The diterpenes were extracted by direct saponification and quantified and identified by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. The paper filters were physically characterized by measuring their grammage, and the fat permeation rate calculated in order to better understand the differences between the filters which allow one to obtain higher or lower diterpene contents. The cafestol and kahweol concentrations in the brews varied from 1.62 to 2.98 mg/L and from 0.73 to 1.96 mg/L, respectively. The highest cafestol and kahweol concentrations were obtained using paper filters with micro perforations, considering similar sized paper filters. The paper filters showed high fat permeability and grammages between 50.46 and 67.48 g/m 2 . The diterpene retention capacities of the filters produced in the different countries were similar. The results showed that the porosity of the paper filter and the particle size of the ground roasted coffee were determinant factors in obtaining filter coffee brews with lower cafestol contents. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Sequential Monte Carlo filter for state estimation of LiFePO4 batteries based on an online updated model

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Jiahao; Klee Barillas, Joaquin; Guenther, Clemens; Danzer, Michael A.

    2014-02-01

    Battery state monitoring is one of the key techniques in battery management systems e.g. in electric vehicles. An accurate estimation can help to improve the system performance and to prolong the battery remaining useful life. Main challenges for the state estimation for LiFePO4 batteries are the flat characteristic of open-circuit-voltage over battery state of charge (SOC) and the existence of hysteresis phenomena. Classical estimation approaches like Kalman filtering show limitations to handle nonlinear and non-Gaussian error distribution problems. In addition, uncertainties in the battery model parameters must be taken into account to describe the battery degradation. In this paper, a novel model-based method combining a Sequential Monte Carlo filter with adaptive control to determine the cell SOC and its electric impedance is presented. The applicability of this dual estimator is verified using measurement data acquired from a commercial LiFePO4 cell. Due to a better handling of the hysteresis problem, results show the benefits of the proposed method against the estimation with an Extended Kalman filter.

  9. Design, control, and implementation of LCL-filter-based shunt active power filters

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tang, Yi; Loh, Poh Chiang; Wang, Peng

    2011-01-01

    This paper concentrates on the design, control and implementation of an LCL-filter-based shunt active power filter (SAPF), which can effectively compensate harmonic currents produced by nonlinear loads in a three-phase three-wire power system. The use of LCL-filter at the output end of SAPF offer......-loop control system, and active damping implemented with fewer current sensors are all addressed here. An analytical design example is finally presented, being supported with experimental results, to verify its effectiveness and practicality.......This paper concentrates on the design, control and implementation of an LCL-filter-based shunt active power filter (SAPF), which can effectively compensate harmonic currents produced by nonlinear loads in a three-phase three-wire power system. The use of LCL-filter at the output end of SAPF offers...

  10. Inorganic UV filters

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eloísa Berbel Manaia

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Nowadays, concern over skin cancer has been growing more and more, especially in tropical countries where the incidence of UVA/B radiation is higher. The correct use of sunscreen is the most efficient way to prevent the development of this disease. The ingredients of sunscreen can be organic and/or inorganic sun filters. Inorganic filters present some advantages over organic filters, such as photostability, non-irritability and broad spectrum protection. Nevertheless, inorganic filters have a whitening effect in sunscreen formulations owing to the high refractive index, decreasing their esthetic appeal. Many techniques have been developed to overcome this problem and among them, the use of nanotechnology stands out. The estimated amount of nanomaterial in use must increase from 2000 tons in 2004 to a projected 58000 tons in 2020. In this context, this article aims to analyze critically both the different features of the production of inorganic filters (synthesis routes proposed in recent years and the permeability, the safety and other characteristics of the new generation of inorganic filters.

  11. Particle Kalman Filtering: A Nonlinear Framework for Ensemble Kalman Filters

    KAUST Repository

    Hoteit, Ibrahim

    2010-09-19

    Optimal nonlinear filtering consists of sequentially determining the conditional probability distribution functions (pdf) of the system state, given the information of the dynamical and measurement processes and the previous measurements. Once the pdfs are obtained, one can determine different estimates, for instance, the minimum variance estimate, or the maximum a posteriori estimate, of the system state. It can be shown that, many filters, including the Kalman filter (KF) and the particle filter (PF), can be derived based on this sequential Bayesian estimation framework. In this contribution, we present a Gaussian mixture‐based framework, called the particle Kalman filter (PKF), and discuss how the different EnKF methods can be derived as simplified variants of the PKF. We also discuss approaches to reducing the computational burden of the PKF in order to make it suitable for complex geosciences applications. We use the strongly nonlinear Lorenz‐96 model to illustrate the performance of the PKF.

  12. Trends in on-line data processing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Masetti, M.

    1981-01-01

    The developement of integrated circuits has been characterized by an exponential growth of gates on a single chip that will still continue in the coming years. In parallel the price per bit is dropping down with more or less the same law. As a consequence of this a few statements can be made: The present 16-bit minicomputer in a small configuration is going to be substituted by a 16-bit microcomputer, and the 16-bit microcomputer in a powerful configuration by a 32-bit midi having also a virtual memory facility. Fully programmable or microcoded powerful devices like the LASS hardware processor or MICE, will allow an efficient on-line filter. Higher computing speed can be achieved by a multiprocessor configuration which can be insensitive to hardware failures. Therefore we are moving towards an integrated on-line computing system with much higher computing power than now and the present distinction between on-line and off-line will no longer be so sharp. As more processing can be performed on-line, fast high quality feed-back can be provided for the experiment. In the years to come the trend towards more processing power, at a lower price, and assembled in the same hardware volume will continue for at least five years; at the same time the future large high-energy physics experiments at LEP will be carried out within a wide international collaboration. In this environment methods must be found for a large fraction of the work to be distributed amongst the collaborators. To accomplish this aim it is necessary to introduce common standard practices concerning both hardware and software, in such a way that the seperate parts, developed by the collaborators, will be plug-compatible. (orig.)

  13. Untersuchungen zur Involution der Vagina and Zervix beim Rind post partum unter Berücksichtigung der Zervix als Geburtshindernis

    OpenAIRE

    Wehrend, Axel

    2002-01-01

    Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es die physiologische Involution der Zervix im Vergleich zur Vagina beim Rind während der ersten zehn Tage post partum zu charakterisieren. Weiterhin sollte durch klinische Untersuchungen an Kühen nach Dystokie und einer retrospektiven Datenauswertung von Schwergeburten unterschiedlicher Tierarten der Anteil zervikal bedingter Geburtsstockungen im Interspeziesvergleich analysiert und Einflussfaktoren auf das Auftreten dieser Dystokieform sowie Störungen in der...

  14. Measures to enhance rational energy use in electric drives. Final report; Massnahmen zur Foerderung der rationellen Energienutzung bei elektrischen Antrieben. Endbericht

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Reichert, J.; Schleich, J.; Herzer, G.; Toensing, E. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Systemtechnik und Innovationsforschung (ISI), Karlsruhe (Germany); Rath, U.; Hellmann, R. [Ingenieurbuero fuer Energieberatung, Haustechnik und Oekologische Konzepte GbR (eboek), Tuebingen (Germany)

    1999-05-01

    Electric drives account for nearly 60 % of the total power consumption in Germany (70 % in the industrial sector and about 44 % in the small consumer sector). There is a high potential for savings (Landwehr et al. 1996, ISR et al. 1996, Nadel et al. 1992) but it is little used so far. The study attempts to identify and systematize the limits set by the market to the application of energy conservation measures in electric motors. This is followed by an outline of strategies to overcome these obstacles. Experience from other countries are integrated where efforts were made to put the potential savings into practice. [German] Der Kraftstrombedarf fuer elektrische Antriebe betraegt in Deutschland knapp 60% des gesamten Stromeinsatzes (ca. 70% des Industriestrombedarfs und ca. 44% des Strombedarfs im Sektor Kleinverbrauch). Trotz dieser hohen Anteile ist bisher bei keinem der Marktteilnehmer (Motoren- und Anlagenhersteller, Haendler und Endanwender) grosses Interesse an Stromsparmassnahmen im Bereich Elektromotoren zu erkennen. Zudem zeigen erste grobe Schaetzungen (Landwehr et al. 1996, ISR et al. 1996, Nadel et al. 1992), dass im Bereich Elektromotoren erhebliche wirtschaftliche Einsparpotentiale bestehen. Durch eine Erhoehung des Wirkungsgrades allein lassen sich ca. 3% einsparen. Groessere Potentiale koennen durch Drehzahlregelung - ca. 10% - und vor allem bei Optimierung des gesamten Systems (Stromuebertragung - Motor - Regelung - Kraftuebertragung - Arbeitsmaschine) - ueber 20% - erschlossen werden. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, zunaechst die Marktbeschraenkungen bei der Umsetzung von Massnahmen zur rationellen Energienutzung bei Elektromotoren zu identifizieren und zu systematisieren. Im Anschluss daran werden moegliche Strategien zur Ueberwindung dieser Marktbeschraenkungen aufgezeigt, systematisiert und analysiert. In diesem Zusammenhang werden auch Erfahrungen aus anderen Laendern, in denen von politischer und wirtschaftlicher Seite zum Teil betraechtliche

  15. Dimensioning of activation systems using submerged membranes at municipal sewage treatment plants; Bemessung von Membranbelebungsanlagen beim Einsatz zur Reinigung kommunaler Abwaesser

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ohle, P.; Dorgeloh, E. [Technische Hochschule Aachen (DE). Inst. fuer Siedlungswasserwirtschaft (ISA)

    1999-07-01

    Dimensioning of conventional activation systems in Germany as a rule relies on instruction sheet A131 of the Abwassertechnische Vereinigung or follows the Hochschulgruppen approach (HSG). They contain recommendations as to the size of the nitrification and denitrification zones, the amount of oxygen supplied and sludge production, and the size of the final sedimentation tank. For the use of sludge activation techniques by means of submerged membranes at municipal sewage treatment plant there so far do not exist any clues to dimensioning that make allowance for the modified boundary conditions. The present paper analyses instruction sheet A131 for its suitability as a basis in the dimensioning of sludge activation systems with submerged membranes at municipal sewage treatment plant. Then the dimensioning instructions are modified to suit the changed boundary conditions, and recommendations for the dimensioning of activation systems with submerged membranes on the basis of extensive studies carried out at the Institut fuer Siedlungswasserwirtschaft ISA of Aachen Technical University RWTH are given. (orig.) [German] Die Bemessung konventioneller Belebungsverfahren erfolgt in Deutschland i.d.R. auf der Grundlage des Arbeitsblatts A 131 der Abwassertechnischen Vereinigung bzw. nach dem Hochschulgruppenansatz (HSG). Sie enthalten Empfehlungen bezueglich der Dimensionierung von Nitrifikations- und Denitrifikationszone, Sauerstoffversorgung, Schlammproduktion und Nachklaerbecken. Fuer den Einsatz von Membranbelebungsanlagen in kommunalen Klaeranlagen existieren bislang keine Bemessungshinweise, die den veraenderten Randbedingungen Rechnung tragen. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert das Arbeitsblatt A 131 in Hinsicht auf die Moeglichkeit zur Anwendung fuer die Bemessung von Membranbelebungsanlagen beim Einsatz zur kommunalen Abwasserreinigung. Im Weiteren erfolgt die Modifikation der Bemessungshinweise hinsichtlich der geaenderten Randbedingungen und die Angabe von

  16. Lageroptimierung 2.0: Das Online-WMS

    OpenAIRE

    Wolf, Oliver; Geißen, Tim; Rahn, Jonas; Haselberger, Julia

    2012-01-01

    Das Fraunhofer-Institut für Materialfluss und Logistik IML unterstützt zahlreiche Unternehmen sowohl bei der Auswahl des richtigen Warehouse Management Systems als auch durch die Entwicklung einer Plattform, die das Anbieten, Mieten und Anwenden logistischer IT-Unterstützung in der Cloud möglich macht. Von »warehouse logistics« zur »Logistics Mall« - vom konventionell betriebenen Warehouse Management System zum WMS aus der Steckdose.

  17. Evidence-Based Evaluation of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Complications Based on Filter Type

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deso, Steven E.; Idakoji, Ibrahim A.; Kuo, William T.

    2016-01-01

    Many inferior vena cava (IVC) filter types, along with their specific risks and complications, are not recognized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the various FDA-approved IVC filter types to determine device-specific risks, as a way to help identify patients who may benefit from ongoing follow-up versus prompt filter retrieval. An evidence-based electronic search (FDA Premarket Notification, MEDLINE, FDA MAUDE) was performed to identify all IVC filter types and device-specific complications from 1980 to 2014. Twenty-three IVC filter types (14 retrievable, 9 permanent) were identified. The devices were categorized as follows: conical (n = 14), conical with umbrella (n = 1), conical with cylindrical element (n = 2), biconical with cylindrical element (n = 2), helical (n = 1), spiral (n = 1), and complex (n = 1). Purely conical filters were associated with the highest reported risks of penetration (90–100%). Filters with cylindrical or umbrella elements were associated with the highest reported risk of IVC thrombosis (30–50%). Conical Bard filters were associated with the highest reported risks of fracture (40%). The various FDA-approved IVC filter types were evaluated for device-specific complications based on best current evidence. This information can be used to guide and optimize clinical management in patients with indwelling IVC filters. PMID:27247477

  18. Angry and Alone: Demographic Characteristics of Those Who Post to Online Comment Sections

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michael Artime

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available The Internet and social media afford individuals the opportunity to post their thoughts instantaneously and largely without filters. While this has tremendous democratic potential, it also raises questions about the quality of the discourse these technological changes portend. Online comment sections may be a particularly unique form of communication within social media to investigate because of their ubiquitous and often anonymous nature. A longitudinal examination of Pew Center data over the course of 4 years suggests that there are demographic differences between people who post and those who do not post to online comment sections. Specifically, in 2008 and 2010 regression analysis demonstrates there is an increased likelihood of posting among men, the unmarried, and the unemployed. However, the 2012 data tells a different story and suggests the possibility that the nature of comment sections might be changing. The findings have important implications for understanding the character of online discourse as well as the vitriol undergirding the political attitudes of disaffected citizens.

  19. Anforderungen an ein System zur Dokumentanalyse im Unternehmenskontext : Integration von Datenbeständen, Aufbau- und Ablauforganisation

    OpenAIRE

    Baumann, Stephan; Hadj Ali, Majdi Ben; Lichter, Jürgen; Malburg, Michael; Meyer auf'm Hofe, Harald; Wenzel, Claudia

    1997-01-01

    Workflowmanagementsysteme werden im Bürobereich verstärkt zur effizienten Geschäftsprozeßabwicklung eingesetzt. Das bereits Mitte der 70er Jahre propagierte papierlose Büro bleibt jedoch gegenwärtig immer noch Utopie, da auch durch den allgegenwärtigen Einsatz von Computern im Bürobereich der Durchsatz an Schriftstücken nicht gesenkt wird. Insbesondere die Handhabung von papierintensiven Vorgängen ist in hohem Maße abhängig von einer Identifikation und Aufbereitung der in den Dokumenten e...

  20. Higher safety and saving of filter material with multi-way sorption filters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ohlmeyer, M.; Benzel, M.

    1978-01-01

    The multi-way filter 'Nuclear Karlsruhe' satisfies the requirements of operational safety, high utilisation of the filter material and low pressure drop. An important factor contributing to increased operational safety is due to the fact that the nearly total utilisation of the filter material eliminates the need for optimisation weighing costs against safety. The reduction in filter material consumption reduces not only the direct procurement costs but also the costs of nuclear plants, is radioactive. This contributes in several respects towards a better protection of the environment. The MWS filter can also be used, and presents the same advantages, in non-nuclear plants. (orig.) [de

  1. Invasive procedure for clarification of pulmonary nodules; Invasive Verfahren zur Abklaerung pulmonaler Rundherde

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mahnken, A.H. [Universitaetsklinikum, Philipps-Universitaet Marburg, Klinik fuer Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Marburg (Germany)

    2014-05-15

    The management of solitary lung nodules poses a common clinical problem and biopsy is often required. Several guidelines provide slightly different recommendations and there are no uniform recommendations regarding the ideal technique of puncture guidance (e.g. percutaneous versus bronchoscopic or thoracoscopic). Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) and core biopsy are well established techniques. Both can be performed under CT and to some extent ultrasound guidance. Diagnostic accuracies of FNA and core biopsy for malignant lesions are around 95 %. Core biopsy is superior to FNA for establishing a specific diagnosis with a diagnostic yield of 81-88 % versus 17-21 %. In clinical routine practice core biopsy is the superior tool when compared to FNA. Central lesions in close proximity to bronchi may be biopsied with endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided bronchoscopy. In all other lesions percutaneous, ideally CT-guided biopsy should be the method of first choice. (orig.) [German] Solitaere Lungenrundherde stellen ein haeufiges differenzialdiagnostisches Problem dar, das oftmals mit der Bildgebung alleine nicht endgueltig zu loesen ist und eine Biopsie erfordert. Die Indikation zur Biopsie variiert zwischen den Leitlinien, und die beste Technik der Biopsie (perkutan vs. bronchoskopisch vs. thorakoskopisch) ist oftmals nicht eindeutig. Feinnadelaspirations- (FNA) und Stanzbiopsie stehen als lange etablierte Standardtechniken zur Verfuegung. Beide koennen CT- und bedingt ultraschallgesteuert durchgefuehrt werden. Die diagnostische Aussagekraft fuer die Diagnose maligner Tumoren liegt fuer beide Techniken bei 95 %. Die Stanzbiopsie ist jedoch der FNA fuer die spezifische Diagnose benigner Prozesse mit einer Genauigkeit von 82-88 vs. 17-21 % ueberlegen. Die Stanzbiopsie ist gegenueber der FNA das in der klinischen Routine ueberlegene Werkzeug. Bei sehr zentralen Herden in Nachbarschaft zu einem Bronchus kann primaer eine bronchoskopische EBUS-gesteuerte (endobronchialer

  2. Results of VGB research work with respect to operation of BWR pipes made of austenitic SS; Ergebnisse des VGB-Forschungsvorhabens zur Absicherung des Betriebsverhaltens austenitischer Staehle in SWR-Rohrleitungen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kilian, R [Siemens AG Energieerzeugung KWU, Erlangen (Germany); Bruemmer, G [Hamburgische Electricitaets-Werke AG, Hamburg (Germany)

    1998-11-01

    The VGB research project was to examine and characterize various, operation-induced impacts on the crack formation in stabilized austenitic steels, caused by intercrystalline stress corrosion cracking as a result of sensitization after chromium depletion at the grain boundaries. The results of this project as well as available operating experience show that the measures taken so far for the future operation of the German BWR plants, for avoiding in these plants intercrystalline stress corrosion cracking, correspond to the state of the art and achieve the wanted purpose. These measures are: use of optimized material W-No. 1.4550 with reduced carbon contents; use of optimized welding techniques for reducing the heat input and the welding shrinkage (cold deformation.); optimized preparation of welding work in order to avoid shape defects during welding (eg. edge misalignment, defective mash welds); reduction of tensile stresses occurring during welding; compliance with the recent VGB water chemistry code. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Das VGB-Forschungsvorhaben sollte verschieden gelagerte Einfluesse auf die Rissbildung im Betrieb von stabilisierten austenitischen Staehlen, verursacht durch interkristalline Spannungsrisskorrosion infolge Sensbilisierung durch Chromverarmung an den Korngrenzen, systematisch erfassen. Aus den Forschungsergebnissen dieses VGB-Programms sowie den bisher vorliegenden Betriebserfahrungen ist festzuhalten, dass die bisher durchgefuehrten Massnahmen fuer den zukuenftigen Betrieb der deutschen SWR-Anlagen zur Vermeidung von interkristalliner Spannungsrisskorrosion zielgerichtet waren und dem heutigen Wissensstand entsprechen. Diese Massnahmen sind: 1. Einsatz von optimiertem Werkstoff W.-Nr. 1.4550 mit abgesenktem Kohlenstoffgehalt; 2. Einsatz von optimierten Schweissverfahren zur Verminderung der Waermeeinbringung und zur Verringerung des Schweissschrumpfes (Kaltverformung.); 3. Durchfuehrung einer optimierten Schweissnahtvorbereitung zur Vermeidung

  3. Combination of Wiener filtering and singular value decomposition filtering for volume imaging PET

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shao, L.; Lewitt, R.M.; Karp, J.S.

    1995-01-01

    Although the three-dimensional (3D) multi-slice rebinning (MSRB) algorithm in PET is fast and practical, and provides an accurate reconstruction, the MSRB image, in general, suffers from the noise amplified by its singular value decomposition (SVD) filtering operation in the axial direction. Their aim in this study is to combine the use of the Wiener filter (WF) with the SVD to decrease the noise and improve the image quality. The SVD filtering ''deconvolves'' the spatially variant axial response function while the WF suppresses the noise and reduces the blurring not modeled by the axial SVD filter but included in the system modulation transfer function. Therefore, the synthesis of these two techniques combines the advantages of both filters. The authors applied this approach to the volume imaging HEAD PENN-PET brain scanner with an axial extent of 256 mm. This combined filter was evaluated in terms of spatial resolution, image contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio with several phantoms, such as a cold sphere phantom and 3D brain phantom. Specifically, the authors studied both the SVD filter with an axial Wiener filter and the SVD filter with a 3D Wiener filter, and compared the filtered images to those from the 3D reprojection (3DRP) reconstruction algorithm. Their results indicate that the Wiener filter increases the signal-to-noise ratio and also improves the contrast. For the MSRB images of the 3D brain phantom, after 3D WF, both the Gray/White and Gray/Ventricle ratios were improved from 1.8 to 2.8 and 2.1 to 4.1, respectively. In addition, the image quality with the MSRB algorithm is close to that of the 3DRP algorithm with 3D WF applied to both image reconstructions

  4. GPU implementations of online track finding algorithms at PANDA

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Herten, Andreas; Stockmanns, Tobias; Ritman, James [Institut fuer Kernphysik, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH (Germany); Adinetz, Andrew; Pleiter, Dirk [Juelich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH (Germany); Kraus, Jiri [NVIDIA GmbH (Germany); Collaboration: PANDA-Collaboration

    2014-07-01

    The PANDA experiment is a hadron physics experiment that will investigate antiproton annihilation in the charm quark mass region. The experiment is now being constructed as one of the main parts of the FAIR facility. At an event rate of 2 . 10{sup 7}/s a data rate of 200 GB/s is expected. A reduction of three orders of magnitude is required in order to save the data for further offline analysis. Since signal and background processes at PANDA have similar signatures, no hardware-level trigger is foreseen for the experiment. Instead, a fast online event filter is substituting this element. We investigate the possibility of using graphics processing units (GPUs) for the online tracking part of this task. Researched algorithms are a Hough Transform, a track finder involving Riemann surfaces, and the novel, PANDA-specific Triplet Finder. This talk shows selected advances in the implementations as well as performance evaluations of the GPU tracking algorithms to be used at the PANDA experiment.

  5. Modeling the hyperfine state selectivity of a short lamb-shift spin-filter polarimeter

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mendez, A.J.; Roper, C.D.; Clegg, T.B.

    1995-01-01

    An rf cavity, previously used as a spin filter in a Lamb-shift polarized ion source, is being adapted for use as a polarimeter in an atomic beam polarized hydrogen and deuterium ion source. Paramount among the design criteria is maintaining the current source performance while providing on-line beam polarization monitoring. This requires minimizing both the polarimeter system length and the coupling with the magnetic fields of the other ion source systems. Detailed computer calculations have modeled the four-level interaction involving the 2S 1/2 -2P 1/2 states of the atomic beam. These indicate that a significantly shorter spin-filter cavity and uniform axial magnetic field than used in the Lamb-shift source do not compromise the spin-state selectivity. The calculations also predict the axial magnetic field uniformity needed as well as the gains achieved from proper shaping of the cavity rf and dc fields. copyright 1995 American Institute of Physics

  6. Programmed temperature vaporizing injector to filter off disturbing high boiling and involatile material for on-line high performance liquid chromatography gas chromatography with on-column transfer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Biedermann, Maurus; Grob, Koni

    2013-03-15

    Insertion of a programmed temperature vaporizing (PTV) injector under conditions of concurrent solvent recondensation (CSR) into the on-line HPLC-GC interface for on-column transfer (such as the retention gap technique with partially concurrent eluent evaporation) enables filtering off high boiling or involatile sample constituents by a desorption temperature adjusted to the required cut-off. Details of this technique were investigated and optimized. Memory effects, observed when transferred liquid was sucked backwards between the transfer line and the wall of the injector liner, can be kept low by a small purge flow rate through the transfer line at the end of the transfer and the release of the liquid through a narrow bore capillary kept away from the liner wall. The column entrance should be within the well heated zone of the injector to prevent losses of solute material retained on the liner wall during the splitless period. The desorption temperature must be maintained until an elevated oven temperature is reached to prevent peak broadening resulting of a cool inlet section in the bottom part of the injector. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. Choosing and using astronomical filters

    CERN Document Server

    Griffiths, Martin

    2014-01-01

    As a casual read through any of the major amateur astronomical magazines will demonstrate, there are filters available for all aspects of optical astronomy. This book provides a ready resource on the use of the following filters, among others, for observational astronomy or for imaging: Light pollution filters Planetary filters Solar filters Neutral density filters for Moon observation Deep-sky filters, for such objects as galaxies, nebulae and more Deep-sky objects can be imaged in much greater detail than was possible many years ago. Amateur astronomers can take

  8. Robust Ensemble Filtering and Its Relation to Covariance Inflation in the Ensemble Kalman Filter

    KAUST Repository

    Luo, Xiaodong

    2011-12-01

    A robust ensemble filtering scheme based on the H∞ filtering theory is proposed. The optimal H∞ filter is derived by minimizing the supremum (or maximum) of a predefined cost function, a criterion different from the minimum variance used in the Kalman filter. By design, the H∞ filter is more robust than the Kalman filter, in the sense that the estimation error in the H∞ filter in general has a finite growth rate with respect to the uncertainties in assimilation, except for a special case that corresponds to the Kalman filter. The original form of the H∞ filter contains global constraints in time, which may be inconvenient for sequential data assimilation problems. Therefore a variant is introduced that solves some time-local constraints instead, and hence it is called the time-local H∞ filter (TLHF). By analogy to the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), the concept of ensemble time-local H∞ filter (EnTLHF) is also proposed. The general form of the EnTLHF is outlined, and some of its special cases are discussed. In particular, it is shown that an EnKF with certain covariance inflation is essentially an EnTLHF. In this sense, the EnTLHF provides a general framework for conducting covariance inflation in the EnKF-based methods. Some numerical examples are used to assess the relative robustness of the TLHF–EnTLHF in comparison with the corresponding KF–EnKF method.

  9. OPTIMIZATION OF ADVANCED FILTER SYSTEMS

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    R.A. Newby; G.J. Bruck; M.A. Alvin; T.E. Lippert

    1998-04-30

    Reliable, maintainable and cost effective hot gas particulate filter technology is critical to the successful commercialization of advanced, coal-fired power generation technologies, such as IGCC and PFBC. In pilot plant testing, the operating reliability of hot gas particulate filters have been periodically compromised by process issues, such as process upsets and difficult ash cake behavior (ash bridging and sintering), and by design issues, such as cantilevered filter elements damaged by ash bridging, or excessively close packing of filtering surfaces resulting in unacceptable pressure drop or filtering surface plugging. This test experience has focused the issues and has helped to define advanced hot gas filter design concepts that offer higher reliability. Westinghouse has identified two advanced ceramic barrier filter concepts that are configured to minimize the possibility of ash bridge formation and to be robust against ash bridges should they occur. The ''inverted candle filter system'' uses arrays of thin-walled, ceramic candle-type filter elements with inside-surface filtering, and contains the filter elements in metal enclosures for complete separation from ash bridges. The ''sheet filter system'' uses ceramic, flat plate filter elements supported from vertical pipe-header arrays that provide geometry that avoids the buildup of ash bridges and allows free fall of the back-pulse released filter cake. The Optimization of Advanced Filter Systems program is being conducted to evaluate these two advanced designs and to ultimately demonstrate one of the concepts in pilot scale. In the Base Contract program, the subject of this report, Westinghouse has developed conceptual designs of the two advanced ceramic barrier filter systems to assess their performance, availability and cost potential, and to identify technical issues that may hinder the commercialization of the technologies. A plan for the Option I, bench

  10. Neue numerische Methoden zur Bearbeitung und 3D-Interpretation von Geodaten und -modellen in interdisziplinärer Forschung

    OpenAIRE

    Menzel, Peter

    2016-01-01

    In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, wie Ansätze und Verfahren aus der Geoinformatik die Prozessierung und Interpretation von Daten in der Geophysik, speziell der Potentialverfahren unterstützen. Im Rahmen des BMBF-Verbundprojekts AIDA wurde für ein Untersuchungsgebiet in Norddeutschland ein 3D Untergrundmodell entwickelt. Hier wird gezeigt, wie die Modellgeometrie für die Schweremodellierung aufbereitet wurde. Anschließend wird ein hier entwickeltes Verfahren zur statistischen Abschätzung un...

  11. On-line reconstruction algorithms for the CBM and ALICE experiments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gorbunov, Sergey

    2013-01-01

    This thesis presents various algorithms which have been developed for on-line event reconstruction in the CBM experiment at GSI, Darmstadt and the ALICE experiment at CERN, Geneve. Despite the fact that the experiments are different - CBM is a fixed target experiment with forward geometry, while ALICE has a typical collider geometry - they share common aspects when reconstruction is concerned. The thesis describes: - general modifications to the Kalman filter method, which allows one to accelerate, to improve, and to simplify existing fit algorithms; - developed algorithms for track fit in CBM and ALICE experiment, including a new method for track extrapolation in non-homogeneous magnetic field. - developed algorithms for primary and secondary vertex fit in the both experiments. In particular, a new method of reconstruction of decayed particles is presented. - developed parallel algorithm for the on-line tracking in the CBM experiment. - developed parallel algorithm for the on-line tracking in High Level Trigger of the ALICE experiment. - the realisation of the track finders on modern hardware, such as SIMD CPU registers and GPU accelerators. All the presented methods have been developed by or with the direct participation of the author.

  12. Sub-micron filter

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tepper, Frederick [Sanford, FL; Kaledin, Leonid [Port Orange, FL

    2009-10-13

    Aluminum hydroxide fibers approximately 2 nanometers in diameter and with surface areas ranging from 200 to 650 m.sup.2/g have been found to be highly electropositive. When dispersed in water they are able to attach to and retain electronegative particles. When combined into a composite filter with other fibers or particles they can filter bacteria and nano size particulates such as viruses and colloidal particles at high flux through the filter. Such filters can be used for purification and sterilization of water, biological, medical and pharmaceutical fluids, and as a collector/concentrator for detection and assay of microbes and viruses. The alumina fibers are also capable of filtering sub-micron inorganic and metallic particles to produce ultra pure water. The fibers are suitable as a substrate for growth of cells. Macromolecules such as proteins may be separated from each other based on their electronegative charges.

  13. Untersuchungen zur Herstellung dünner strukturierter Späne aus Holz durch Fräsen mit kleinen Einstellwinkeln. Teil 2

    OpenAIRE

    Heisel, Uwe; Tröger, Johannes

    1993-01-01

    Gegenwärtig ist auf vielen Wissensgebieten eine intensive Forschungstätigkeit mit den Zielen der Schaffung umweltfreundlicher Produktionstechnologien und Herstellung entsprechender Erzeugnisse im Gang wie beispielsweise zur Einsparung von Primärenergie im Produktionsprozeß, Verminderung der CO2-Ernission, Herstellung umweltgerechter Baustoffe, verstärkten Verwendung unbedenklicher natürlicher Isolationswerkstoffe, Herstellung umweltfreundlich entsorgbarer bzw. kompostierbarer Verpackungswerks...

  14. Untersuchungen zur Herstellung dünner strukturierter Späne aus Holz durch Fräsen mit kleinen Einstellwinkeln. Teil 1

    OpenAIRE

    Heisel, Uwe; Tröger, Johannes

    1993-01-01

    Gegenwärtig ist auf vielen Wissensgebieten eine intensive Forschungstätigkeit mit den Zielen der Schaffung umweltfreundlicher Produktionstechnologien und Herstellung entsprechender Erzeugnisse im Gang, wie beispielsweise zur Einsparung von Primärenergie im Produktionsprozeß, Verminderung der CO2-Emission, Herstellung umweltgerechter Baustoffe, verstärkten Verwendung unbedenklicher natürlicher Isolationswerkstoffe, Herstellung umweltfreundlich entsorgbarer bzw. kompostierbarer Verpackungswerks...

  15. Recirculating electric air filter

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bergman, W.

    1985-01-09

    An electric air filter cartridge has a cylindrical inner high voltage electrode, a layer of filter material, and an outer ground electrode formed of a plurality of segments moveably connected together. The outer electrode can be easily opened to remove or insert filter material. Air flows through the two electrodes and the filter material and is exhausted from the center of the inner electrode.

  16. Forecasting the Commercial Attractiveness of User-Generated Designs Using Online Data

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Morten Berg; Hienerth, Christoph; Lettl, Christopher

    2014-01-01

    workload in the selection phase by predicting which user-generated designs it would most likely perceive as commercially attractive. Prior research emphasizes that among the vast amount of ideas generated in online user communities, it is the lead users’ ideas that tend to stick out in terms of commercial...... attractiveness. Our paper aims to provide the next step by developing a heuristic for filtering commercially attractive ideas that are generated in online user communities. Therefore, prior lead user research is used as a point of reference for our study. This research stream has produced rich insights......-generated designs. We find an inverted U-shaped relationship between the complexity of a user-generated design and its perceived commercial attractiveness. Furthermore, we find a positive relationship between the positive feedback received by a given user-generated design within the peer community and its perceived...

  17. Kaon Filtering For CLAS Data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    McNabb, J.

    2001-01-01

    The analysis of data from CLAS is a multi-step process. After the detectors for a given running period have been calibrated, the data is processed in the so called pass-1 cooking. During the pass-1 cooking each event is reconstructed by the program a1c which finds particle tracks and computes momenta from the raw data. The results are then passed on to several data monitoring and filtering utilities. In CLAS software, a filter is a parameterless function which returns an integer indicating whether an event should be kept by that filter or not. There is a main filter program called g1-filter which controls several specific filters and outputs several files, one for each filter. These files may then be analyzed separately, allowing individuals interested in one reaction channel to work from smaller files than using the whole data set would require. There are several constraints on what the filter functions should do. Obviously, the filtered files should be as small as possible, however the filter should also not reject any events that might be used in the later analysis for which the filter was intended

  18. [Manfred Schneider. Lübeck im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert. Archäologische Befunde zur entstehung einer mittelalterlichen Grossstadt. In : Expansion - integration? Danish-Baltic Contacts 1147-1410] / Dennis Hortmuth

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Hortmuth, Dennis

    2011-01-01

    Arvustus:Manfred Schneider. Lübeck im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert. Archäologische Befunde zur entstehung einer mittelalterlichen Grossstadt. In : Expansion - integration? Danish-Baltic Contacts 1147-1410 AD. (Vordingborg, 2009).

  19. School Shootings in Deutschland: Aktuelle Trends zur Prävention von schwerer, zielgerichteter Gewalt an deutschen Schulen

    OpenAIRE

    Bondü, Rebecca; Scheithauer, Herbert

    2009-01-01

    Die School Shootings in Winnenden und Ansbach im März und September 2009 haben die Notwendigkeit präventiver Ansätze zur Vermeidung weiterer Taten in Deutschland erneut verdeutlicht. Aufgrund der geringen Häuigkeit des Phänomens und der geringen Speziität der bekannten Risikofaktoren ist eine gezielte Vorhersage und Prävention jedoch schwierig. Dennoch werden zurzeit verschiedene Präventionsansätze diskutiert. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt diese vor und beleuchtet ihre Vor- und Nachteile. Da...

  20. Einsatzmöglichkeiten eines saponinreichen Extrakts aus Quillaja saponaria Molina zur Formulierung und Stabilisierung von funktionellen Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffen

    OpenAIRE

    Tippel, Janine

    2017-01-01

    Emulgatoren werden in der Lebensmittelindustrie häufig zur Herstellung disperser Trägersysteme verwendet, welche eine Solubilisierung und Erhöhung der Stabilität von lipophilen Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffen ermöglichen. Für flüssige Lebensmittelsysteme können mizellare Systeme und Emulsionen eingesetzt werden. Eine Sprühtrocknung ermöglicht hier die Umwandlung flüssiger Formulierungen in feste Pulver, welche den Transport und die Einbringung in das Endprodukt vereinfachen. Zudem können durch Ver...

  1. Online Resources

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Journal of Genetics; Online Resources. Journal of Genetics. Online Resources. Volume 97. 2018 | Online resources. Volume 96. 2017 | Online resources. Volume 95. 2016 | Online resources. Volume 94. 2015 | Online resources. Volume 93. 2014 | Online resources. Volume 92. 2013 | Online resources ...

  2. From Microwave Filter to Digital Filter and Back Again

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dalby, Arne Brejning

    1989-01-01

    A new very simple state variable flow graph representation for interdigital transmission line bandpass filters is presented, which has led to two important results: 1) A new type of digital filter with properties, that surpass the properties of most other (all pole) digital filtertypes. 2) The st...

  3. Filter apparatus

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Butterworth, D.J.

    1980-01-01

    This invention relates to liquid filters, precoated by replaceable powders, which are used in the production of ultra pure water required for steam generation of electricity. The filter elements are capable of being installed and removed by remote control so that they can be used in nuclear power reactors. (UK)

  4. Filtering and prediction

    CERN Document Server

    Fristedt, B; Krylov, N

    2007-01-01

    Filtering and prediction is about observing moving objects when the observations are corrupted by random errors. The main focus is then on filtering out the errors and extracting from the observations the most precise information about the object, which itself may or may not be moving in a somewhat random fashion. Next comes the prediction step where, using information about the past behavior of the object, one tries to predict its future path. The first three chapters of the book deal with discrete probability spaces, random variables, conditioning, Markov chains, and filtering of discrete Markov chains. The next three chapters deal with the more sophisticated notions of conditioning in nondiscrete situations, filtering of continuous-space Markov chains, and of Wiener process. Filtering and prediction of stationary sequences is discussed in the last two chapters. The authors believe that they have succeeded in presenting necessary ideas in an elementary manner without sacrificing the rigor too much. Such rig...

  5. Bowtie filters for dedicated breast CT: Analysis of bowtie filter material selection

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kontson, Kimberly, E-mail: Kimberly.Kontson@fda.hhs.gov; Jennings, Robert J. [Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 and Division of Imaging and Applied Mathematics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 (United States)

    2015-09-15

    Purpose: For a given bowtie filter design, both the selection of material and the physical design control the energy fluence, and consequently the dose distribution, in the object. Using three previously described bowtie filter designs, the goal of this work is to demonstrate the effect that different materials have on the bowtie filter performance measures. Methods: Three bowtie filter designs that compensate for one or more aspects of the beam-modifying effects due to the differences in path length in a projection have been designed. The nature of the designs allows for their realization using a variety of materials. The designs were based on a phantom, 14 cm in diameter, composed of 40% fibroglandular and 60% adipose tissue. Bowtie design #1 is based on single material spectral matching and produces nearly uniform spectral shape for radiation incident upon the detector. Bowtie design #2 uses the idea of basis-material decomposition to produce the same spectral shape and intensity at the detector, using two different materials. With bowtie design #3, it is possible to eliminate the beam hardening effect in the reconstructed image by adjusting the bowtie filter thickness so that the effective attenuation coefficient for every ray is the same. Seven different materials were chosen to represent a range of chemical compositions and densities. After calculation of construction parameters for each bowtie filter design, a bowtie filter was created using each of these materials (assuming reasonable construction parameters were obtained), resulting in a total of 26 bowtie filters modeled analytically and in the PENELOPE Monte Carlo simulation environment. Using the analytical model of each bowtie filter, design profiles were obtained and energy fluence as a function of fan-angle was calculated. Projection images with and without each bowtie filter design were also generated using PENELOPE and reconstructed using FBP. Parameters such as dose distribution, noise uniformity

  6. Bowtie filters for dedicated breast CT: Analysis of bowtie filter material selection

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kontson, Kimberly; Jennings, Robert J.

    2015-01-01

    Purpose: For a given bowtie filter design, both the selection of material and the physical design control the energy fluence, and consequently the dose distribution, in the object. Using three previously described bowtie filter designs, the goal of this work is to demonstrate the effect that different materials have on the bowtie filter performance measures. Methods: Three bowtie filter designs that compensate for one or more aspects of the beam-modifying effects due to the differences in path length in a projection have been designed. The nature of the designs allows for their realization using a variety of materials. The designs were based on a phantom, 14 cm in diameter, composed of 40% fibroglandular and 60% adipose tissue. Bowtie design #1 is based on single material spectral matching and produces nearly uniform spectral shape for radiation incident upon the detector. Bowtie design #2 uses the idea of basis-material decomposition to produce the same spectral shape and intensity at the detector, using two different materials. With bowtie design #3, it is possible to eliminate the beam hardening effect in the reconstructed image by adjusting the bowtie filter thickness so that the effective attenuation coefficient for every ray is the same. Seven different materials were chosen to represent a range of chemical compositions and densities. After calculation of construction parameters for each bowtie filter design, a bowtie filter was created using each of these materials (assuming reasonable construction parameters were obtained), resulting in a total of 26 bowtie filters modeled analytically and in the PENELOPE Monte Carlo simulation environment. Using the analytical model of each bowtie filter, design profiles were obtained and energy fluence as a function of fan-angle was calculated. Projection images with and without each bowtie filter design were also generated using PENELOPE and reconstructed using FBP. Parameters such as dose distribution, noise uniformity

  7. Robust Control Methods for On-Line Statistical Learning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Capobianco Enrico

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available The issue of controlling that data processing in an experiment results not affected by the presence of outliers is relevant for statistical control and learning studies. Learning schemes should thus be tested for their capacity of handling outliers in the observed training set so to achieve reliable estimates with respect to the crucial bias and variance aspects. We describe possible ways of endowing neural networks with statistically robust properties by defining feasible error criteria. It is convenient to cast neural nets in state space representations and apply both Kalman filter and stochastic approximation procedures in order to suggest statistically robustified solutions for on-line learning.

  8. Concentric Split Flow Filter

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stapleton, Thomas J. (Inventor)

    2015-01-01

    A concentric split flow filter may be configured to remove odor and/or bacteria from pumped air used to collect urine and fecal waste products. For instance, filter may be designed to effectively fill the volume that was previously considered wasted surrounding the transport tube of a waste management system. The concentric split flow filter may be configured to split the air flow, with substantially half of the air flow to be treated traveling through a first bed of filter media and substantially the other half of the air flow to be treated traveling through the second bed of filter media. This split flow design reduces the air velocity by 50%. In this way, the pressure drop of filter may be reduced by as much as a factor of 4 as compare to the conventional design.

  9. Three Online Neutron Beam Experiments Based on the iLab Shared Architecture

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yakov Ostrocsky

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available Students at MIT have traditionally executed certain experiments in the containment building of the MIT nuclear reactor as part of courses in Nuclear Engineering and the third year laboratory course for Physics majors. A joint team of faculty and research staff from the MIT Nuclear Reactor Laboratory (MIT-NRL and MIT’s Center for Educational Computing Initiatives have implemented online versions of three classic experiments; (a a determination of MIT reactor coolant temperature through measurement of thermal neutron velocity, (b a demonstration of the DeBroglie relationship of the kinetic energy and momentum of thermal neutrons and study of Bragg diffraction through a single copper crystal at various orientations, and (c a measurement of beam depletion using a variety of shielding filters. These online experiments were implemented using the LabVIEW® virtual instrumentation package and the interactive version of the iLab Shared Architecture (ISA. Initial assessment of the online experiments indicates that they achieve comparable educational outcomes to traditional versions of the labs executed in the reactor containment building.

  10. Sensor Fusion Based on an Integrated Neural Network and Probability Density Function (PDF) Dual Kalman Filter for On-Line Estimation of Vehicle Parameters and States.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vargas-Melendez, Leandro; Boada, Beatriz L; Boada, Maria Jesus L; Gauchia, Antonio; Diaz, Vicente

    2017-04-29

    Vehicles with a high center of gravity (COG), such as light trucks and heavy vehicles, are prone to rollover. This kind of accident causes nearly 33 % of all deaths from passenger vehicle crashes. Nowadays, these vehicles are incorporating roll stability control (RSC) systems to improve their safety. Most of the RSC systems require the vehicle roll angle as a known input variable to predict the lateral load transfer. The vehicle roll angle can be directly measured by a dual antenna global positioning system (GPS), but it is expensive. For this reason, it is important to estimate the vehicle roll angle from sensors installed onboard in current vehicles. On the other hand, the knowledge of the vehicle's parameters values is essential to obtain an accurate vehicle response. Some of vehicle parameters cannot be easily obtained and they can vary over time. In this paper, an algorithm for the simultaneous on-line estimation of vehicle's roll angle and parameters is proposed. This algorithm uses a probability density function (PDF)-based truncation method in combination with a dual Kalman filter (DKF), to guarantee that both vehicle's states and parameters are within bounds that have a physical meaning, using the information obtained from sensors mounted on vehicles. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

  11. Rotationally invariant correlation filtering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schils, G.F.; Sweeney, D.W.

    1985-01-01

    A method is presented for analyzing and designing optical correlation filters that have tailored rotational invariance properties. The concept of a correlation of an image with a rotation of itself is introduced. A unified theory of rotation-invariant filtering is then formulated. The unified approach describes matched filters (with no rotation invariance) and circular-harmonic filters (with full rotation invariance) as special cases. The continuum of intermediate cases is described in terms of a cyclic convolution operation over angle. The angular filtering approach allows an exact choice for the continuous trade-off between loss of the correlation energy (or specificity regarding the image) and the amount of rotational invariance desired

  12. Monolithic Integrated Ceramic Waveguide Filters

    OpenAIRE

    Hunter, IC; Sandhu, MY

    2014-01-01

    Design techniques for a new class of integrated monolithic high permittivity ceramic waveguide filters are presented. These filters enable a size reduction of 50% compared to air-filled TEM filters with the same unloaded Q-Factor. Designs for both chebyshev and asymmetric generalized chebyshev filter are presented, with experimental results for an 1800 MHz chebyshev filter showing excellent agreement with theory.

  13. Shifted-modified Chebyshev filters

    OpenAIRE

    ŞENGÜL, Metin

    2013-01-01

    This paper introduces a new type of filter approximation method that utilizes shifted-modified Chebyshev filters. Construction of the new filters involves the use of shifted-modified Chebyshev polynomials that are formed using the roots of conventional Chebyshev polynomials. The study also includes 2 tables containing the shifted-modified Chebyshev polynomials and the normalized element values for the low-pass prototype filters up to degree 6. The transducer power gain, group dela...

  14. A4F-SAXS online-coupling for the investigation of nanoparticles and polymers; Die A4F-SAXS Online-Kopplung zur Untersuchung von Nanopartikeln und Polymeren

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Knappe, Patrick

    2012-07-13

    In the present thesis the online-coupling of asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as a versatile analytical tool is introduced and applied to current challenges in nanoparticle analysis as well as to model systems of technically relevant polymers. The A4F provides size separation of sample solutions and suspensions. Due to the separation principle only low shear forces are applied which appear in competing methods. Therefore, this method allows processing of very sensitive sample materials. SAXS allows non-destructive probing of nanoscale structures in the range of about one to one hundred nanometers. By coupling with A4F, the complexity of sample systems with broad size distributions, which are therefore frequently hard to characterize, is reduced significantly prior to further analysis. Applying this approach, detailed information about sample properties can be gained accurately with respect to the shape, size and size distribution of particles or conformation of macromolecules in short time. Addition of a dynamic light scattering detector to the setup allows a further conclusion. With the latter, a nanoparticles suspension was characterized rapidly and with good precision with respect to the core properties of the particles as well as the thickness of the stabilizer's shell in a single online run. These parameters are important when dealing not only with functionality but also with the bioavailability or toxicity of nanoparticles. This methodology was also successfully applied to polymer systems for the first time, namely poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)s as well as strong and weak polyelectrolytes. Additionally, due to the applied separation method samples with broad molar mass distributions were processable which otherwise tend to interfere with stationary phase-based chromatography. Furthermore, using SAXS, structural properties can be resolved from smaller polymer size-fractions which are hardly accessible with

  15. A4F-SAXS online-coupling for the investigation of nanoparticles and polymers; Die A4F-SAXS Online-Kopplung zur Untersuchung von Nanopartikeln und Polymeren

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Knappe, Patrick

    2012-07-13

    In the present thesis the online-coupling of asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as a versatile analytical tool is introduced and applied to current challenges in nanoparticle analysis as well as to model systems of technically relevant polymers. The A4F provides size separation of sample solutions and suspensions. Due to the separation principle only low shear forces are applied which appear in competing methods. Therefore, this method allows processing of very sensitive sample materials. SAXS allows non-destructive probing of nanoscale structures in the range of about one to one hundred nanometers. By coupling with A4F, the complexity of sample systems with broad size distributions, which are therefore frequently hard to characterize, is reduced significantly prior to further analysis. Applying this approach, detailed information about sample properties can be gained accurately with respect to the shape, size and size distribution of particles or conformation of macromolecules in short time. Addition of a dynamic light scattering detector to the setup allows a further conclusion. With the latter, a nanoparticles suspension was characterized rapidly and with good precision with respect to the core properties of the particles as well as the thickness of the stabilizer's shell in a single online run. These parameters are important when dealing not only with functionality but also with the bioavailability or toxicity of nanoparticles. This methodology was also successfully applied to polymer systems for the first time, namely poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)s as well as strong and weak polyelectrolytes. Additionally, due to the applied separation method samples with broad molar mass distributions were processable which otherwise tend to interfere with stationary phase-based chromatography. Furthermore, using SAXS, structural properties can be resolved from smaller polymer size-fractions which are hardly accessible with other

  16. Examination of cryogenic filters for multistage RF filtering in ultralow temperature experiments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zavyalov, V. V.; Chernyaev, S. A.; Shein, K. V.; Shukaleva, A. G.; Arutyunov, K. Yu

    2018-03-01

    Cryo-filters are essential while studying electronic properties of nanoscale structures at very low temperatures. In this report we present the simple measuring methodology and experimental impedance characteristics of customized lumped filters cooled down to 4.2K in the 10 Hz-500 MHz frequency range. In particular, we tested the home-made permalloy-core RL filters, the MurataTMChip Ferrite Bead filter, and the ToshibaTMAmobeadsTMcores. We use the high-frequency generalization of four-terminal sensing method to account for the wiring retardation effects, which are important when working with ultralow temperature systems.

  17. State of Charge and State of Health Estimation of AGM VRLA Batteries by Employing a Dual Extended Kalman Filter and an ARX Model for Online Parameter Estimation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ngoc-Tham Tran

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available State of charge (SOC and state of health (SOH are key issues for the application of batteries, especially the absorbent glass mat valve regulated lead-acid (AGM VRLA type batteries used in the idle stop start systems (ISSs that are popularly integrated into conventional engine-based vehicles. This is due to the fact that SOC and SOH estimation accuracy is crucial for optimizing battery energy utilization, ensuring safety and extending battery life cycles. The dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF, which provides an elegant and powerful solution, is widely applied in SOC and SOH estimation based on a battery parameter model. However, the battery parameters are strongly dependent on operation conditions such as the SOC, current rate and temperature. In addition, battery parameters change significantly over the life cycle of a battery. As a result, many experimental pretests investigating the effects of the internal and external conditions of a battery on its parameters are required, since the accuracy of state estimation depends on the quality of the information regarding battery parameter changes. In this paper, a novel method for SOC and SOH estimation that combines a DEKF algorithm, which considers hysteresis and diffusion effects, and an auto regressive exogenous (ARX model for online parameters estimation is proposed. The DEKF provides precise information concerning the battery open circuit voltage (OCV to the ARX model. Meanwhile, the ARX model continues monitoring parameter variations and supplies information on them to the DEKF. In this way, the estimation accuracy can be maintained despite the changing parameters of a battery. Moreover, online parameter estimation from the ARX model can save the time and effort used for parameter pretests. The validation of the proposed algorithm is given by simulation and experimental results.

  18. Flexible time-varying filter banks

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tuncer, Temel E.; Nguyen, Truong Q.

    1993-09-01

    Linear phase maximally flat FIR Butterworth filter approximations are discussed and a new filter design method is introduced. This variable cutoff filter design method uses the cosine modulated versions of a prototype filter. The design procedure is simple and different variants of this procedure can be used to obtain close to optimum linear phase filters. Using this method, flexible time-varying filter banks with good reconstruction error are introduced. These types of oversampled filter banks have small magnitude error which can be easily controlled by the appropriate choice of modulation frequency. This error can be further decreased by magnitude equalization without increasing the computational complexity considerably. Two dimensional design examples are also given.

  19. Design and implementation of predictive filtering system for current reference generation of active power filter

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kilic, Tomislav; Milun, Stanko; Petrovic, Goran [FESB University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Machine Engineering and Naval Architecture, R. Boskovica bb, 21000, Split (Croatia)

    2007-02-15

    The shunt active power filters are used to attenuate the harmonic currents in power systems by injecting equal but opposite compensating currents. Successful control of the active filters requires an accurate current reference. In this paper the current reference determination based on predictive filtering structure is presented. Current reference was obtained by taking the difference of load current and its fundamental harmonic. For fundamental harmonic determination with no time delay a combination of digital predictive filter and low pass filter is used. The proposed method was implemented on a laboratory prototype of a three-phase active power filter. The algorithm for current reference determination was adapted and implemented on DSP controller. Simulation and experimental results show that the active power filter with implemented predictive filtering structure gives satisfactory performance in power system harmonic attenuation. (author)

  20. Sprache als Schlüssel zur Welt: Bibliotheken und Sprach-Kitas in guter Partnerschaft

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susanne Brandt

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Von 2016 bis voraussichtlich 2020 wird durch das Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend das Bundesprogramm „Sprach-Kitas. Weil Sprache der Schlüssel zur Welt ist“ gefördert. Es richtet sich an Kindertageseinrichtungen, die von einem überdurchschnittlich hohen Anteil von Kindern mit besonderem Bedarf an sprachlicher Bildung und Förderung besucht werden. Dabei stehen besonders die folgenden drei Zielbereiche im Fokus: alltagsintegrierte sprachliche Bildung, inklusive Bildung und Zusammenarbeit mit den Familien. An den Standorten dieser mehr als 3000 Sprach-Kitas in Deutschland gibt es nahezu überall öffentliche Bibliotheken, die als nachbarschaftliche Partnerinnen den Sprach-Kitas bei der Sprachförderung mit vielfältigen Medien und Kooperationsangeboten zur Seite stehen. Auch als Schnittstelle zwischen Kita und Familie können die Büchereien wichtige Aufgaben im Rahmen des Programms übernehmen. Die Büchereizentrale Schleswig-Holstein hat daher mit Fördermitteln des Landes und in guter Abstimmung mit den Sprachkoordinatorinnen der Kitas das Projekt „Mit Worten wachsen“ entwickelt. Der Beitrag beschreibt, welche Chancen und Herausforderungen sich durch eine solche Zusammenarbeit mit Sprach-Kitas für Bibliotheken ergeben und wie sich daraus eine lebendige interdisziplinäre Partnerschaft im Sinne der genannten Zielbereiche entwickeln lässt. Since 2016, the Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth has sponsored the programme “Language day-care centres. Because language is the key to the world” (Sprach-Kitas. Weil Sprache der Schlüssel zur Welt ist; this is expected to last until 2020. The programme addresses day-care facilities which are attended by an above-average number of children with special needs in their language development. The following three aims are at the centre of the programme: language education which is integrated in everyday life; education based on

  1. Design and control of LCL-filter with active damping for Active Power Filter

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Zeng, Guohong; Rasmussen, Tonny Wederberg; Ma, L

    2010-01-01

    of LCL-filter for APF is introduced, which is aimed for simplified the implementation. To suppress the resonance that may be excited in the system, which brings in stability problems, an active damping control strategy using the current feed-back of the filter capacitor is adopted. By selecting two equal......In the application of shunt Active Power Filter (APF) to compensate nonlinear load's harmonic, reactive and negative sequence current, it is more effective to use a LCL-filter than an L-filter as an interface between the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) and grid. In this paper, a designing procedure...... or similar inductances, the filter designing become more simple and effective, meanwhile the capacitance requirement is minimized. A pole-zero automatic cancellation phenomenon is discussed in this paper, which can be applied to simplify the current regulator designing. The tuning method is presented, based...

  2. Digital Filters for Low Frequency Equalization

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tyril, Marni; Abildgaard, J.; Rubak, Per

    2001-01-01

    Digital filters with high resolution in the low-frequency range are studied. Specifically, for a given computational power, traditional IIR filters are compared with warped FIR filters, warped IIR filters, and modified warped FIR filters termed warped individual z FIR filters (WizFIR). The results...

  3. Vectorization of linear discrete filtering algorithms

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schiess, J. R.

    1977-01-01

    Linear filters, including the conventional Kalman filter and versions of square root filters devised by Potter and Carlson, are studied for potential application on streaming computers. The square root filters are known to maintain a positive definite covariance matrix in cases in which the Kalman filter diverges due to ill-conditioning of the matrix. Vectorization of the filters is discussed, and comparisons are made of the number of operations and storage locations required by each filter. The Carlson filter is shown to be the most efficient of the filters on the Control Data STAR-100 computer.

  4. Das Unsichtbare sichtbar machen. Zum vergessenen Beitrag der alten deutschen Frauenbewegung zur Wohn- und Siedlungsreform im frühen 20. Jahrhundert

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Wucherpfennig

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available Der Wohnungs- und Städtebau der Moderne gilt weitgehend als eine „Männerdomäne”. In ihrer Schrift Die Wohnungsfrage ist Frauensache! zeigen Ulla Terlinden und Susanna von Oertzen demgegenüber die vielfältigen und einflussreichen Beiträge der alten deutschen Frauenbewegung zur Wohnungsreform des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts und zum Neuen Bauen auf.

  5. Filtered-X Affine Projection Algorithms for Active Noise Control Using Volterra Filters

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sicuranza Giovanni L

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available We consider the use of adaptive Volterra filters, implemented in the form of multichannel filter banks, as nonlinear active noise controllers. In particular, we discuss the derivation of filtered-X affine projection algorithms for homogeneous quadratic filters. According to the multichannel approach, it is then easy to pass from these algorithms to those of a generic Volterra filter. It is shown in the paper that the AP technique offers better convergence and tracking capabilities than the classical LMS and NLMS algorithms usually applied in nonlinear active noise controllers, with a limited complexity increase. This paper extends in two ways the content of a previous contribution published in Proc. IEEE-EURASIP Workshop on Nonlinear Signal and Image Processing (NSIP '03, Grado, Italy, June 2003. First of all, a general adaptation algorithm valid for any order of affine projections is presented. Secondly, a more complete set of experiments is reported. In particular, the effects of using multichannel filter banks with a reduced number of channels are investigated and relevant results are shown.

  6. Device for filtering gaseous media

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Benzel, M.

    1978-01-01

    The air filter system for gaseous radioactive substances consists of a vertical chamber with filter material (charcoal, e.g. impregnated). On one side of the chamber there is an inlet compartment and an outlet compartment. On the other side a guiding compartment turns the gas flow coming from the natural-air side through the lower part of filter chamber to the upper part of the filter. The gas flow leaves the upper part through the outlet conpartment as cleaned-air flow. The filter material may be filled into the chamber from above and drawn off below. For better utilization of the filter material the filter chamber is separated by means of a wall between the inlet and outlet compartment. This partition wall consist of two sheets arranged one above the other provided with slots which may be superposed in alignment. In this case filter material is tickling from the upper part of the chamber into the lower part avoiding to form a crater in the filter bed. (DG) [de

  7. Fading Kalman filter-based real-time state of charge estimation in LiFePO_4 battery-powered electric vehicles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lim, KaiChin; Bastawrous, Hany Ayad; Duong, Van-Huan; See, Khay Wai; Zhang, Peng; Dou, Shi Xue

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Real-time battery model parameters and SoC estimation with novel method is proposed. • Cascading filtering stages are used for parameters identification and SoC estimation. • Optimized fading Kalman filter is implemented for SoC estimation. • Accurate SoC estimation is validated in UDDS load profile experiment. • This approach is suitable for BMS in EV applications due to its simplicity. - Abstract: A novel online estimation technique for estimating the state of charge (SoC) of a lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO_4) battery has been developed. Based on a simplified model, the open circuit voltage (OCV) of the battery is estimated through two cascaded linear filtering stages. A recursive least squares filter is employed in the first stage to dynamically estimate the battery model parameters in real-time, and then, a fading Kalman filter (FKF) is used to estimate the OCV from these parameters. FKF can avoid the possibility of large estimation errors, which may occur with a conventional Kalman filter, due to its capability to compensate any modeling error through a fading factor. By optimizing the value of the fading factor in the set of recursion equations of FKF with genetic algorithms, the errors in estimating the battery’s SoC in urban dynamometer driving schedules-based experiments and real vehicle driving cycle experiments were below 3% compared to more than 9% in the case of using an ordinary Kalman filter. The proposed method with its simplified model provides the simplicity and feasibility required for real-time application with highly accurate SoC estimation.

  8. On-line surveillance system for Borssele nuclear power plant monitoring and diagnostics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tuerkcan, E.; Ciftcioglu, Oe.

    1993-08-01

    An operating on-line surveillance and diagnostic system is described where information processing for monitoring and fault diagnosis and plant maintenance are addressed. The surveillance system by means of its realtime multiprocessing, multitasking execution capabilities can perform plant-wide and wide-range monitoring for enhanced plant safety and operational reliability as well as enhanced maintenance. At the same time the system provides the possibilities for goal-oriented research and development such as estimation, filtering, verification and validation and neural networks. (orig./HP)

  9. DEMONSTRATION BULLETIN: COLLOID POLISHING FILTER METHOD - FILTER FLOW TECHNOLOGY, INC.

    Science.gov (United States)

    The Filter Flow Technology, Inc. (FFT) Colloid Polishing Filter Method (CPFM) was tested as a transportable, trailer mounted, system that uses sorption and chemical complexing phenomena to remove heavy metals and nontritium radionuclides from water. Contaminated waters can be pro...

  10. Hydrodynamics of microbial filter feeding.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nielsen, Lasse Tor; Asadzadeh, Seyed Saeed; Dölger, Julia; Walther, Jens H; Kiørboe, Thomas; Andersen, Anders

    2017-08-29

    Microbial filter feeders are an important group of grazers, significant to the microbial loop, aquatic food webs, and biogeochemical cycling. Our understanding of microbial filter feeding is poor, and, importantly, it is unknown what force microbial filter feeders must generate to process adequate amounts of water. Also, the trade-off in the filter spacing remains unexplored, despite its simple formulation: A filter too coarse will allow suitably sized prey to pass unintercepted, whereas a filter too fine will cause strong flow resistance. We quantify the feeding flow of the filter-feeding choanoflagellate Diaphanoeca grandis using particle tracking, and demonstrate that the current understanding of microbial filter feeding is inconsistent with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and analytical estimates. Both approaches underestimate observed filtration rates by more than an order of magnitude; the beating flagellum is simply unable to draw enough water through the fine filter. We find similar discrepancies for other choanoflagellate species, highlighting an apparent paradox. Our observations motivate us to suggest a radically different filtration mechanism that requires a flagellar vane (sheet), something notoriously difficult to visualize but sporadically observed in the related choanocytes (sponges). A CFD model with a flagellar vane correctly predicts the filtration rate of D. grandis , and using a simple model we can account for the filtration rates of other microbial filter feeders. We finally predict how optimum filter mesh size increases with cell size in microbial filter feeders, a prediction that accords very well with observations. We expect our results to be of significance for small-scale biophysics and trait-based ecological modeling.

  11. Ceramic fiber reinforced filter

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stinton, David P.; McLaughlin, Jerry C.; Lowden, Richard A.

    1991-01-01

    A filter for removing particulate matter from high temperature flowing fluids, and in particular gases, that is reinforced with ceramic fibers. The filter has a ceramic base fiber material in the form of a fabric, felt, paper of the like, with the refractory fibers thereof coated with a thin layer of a protective and bonding refractory applied by chemical vapor deposition techniques. This coating causes each fiber to be physically joined to adjoining fibers so as to prevent movement of the fibers during use and to increase the strength and toughness of the composite filter. Further, the coating can be selected to minimize any reactions between the constituents of the fluids and the fibers. A description is given of the formation of a composite filter using a felt preform of commercial silicon carbide fibers together with the coating of these fibers with pure silicon carbide. Filter efficiency approaching 100% has been demonstrated with these filters. The fiber base material is alternately made from aluminosilicate fibers, zirconia fibers and alumina fibers. Coating with Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 is also described. Advanced configurations for the composite filter are suggested.

  12. Die „Leipziger schule”. Zur geschichte der kirchenmusik Im 20. jahrhundert

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Loos Helmut

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Auf die Initiative Karls Straubes ging die Gründung des Instituts für Kirchenmusik am Leipziger Konservatorium im Jahre 1921 zurück. Zusammen mit seinem Meisterschüler Günther Ramin gestaltete er über lange Jahre hinweg die Kirchenmusik in St. Thomas. Nach dem Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs gewann die Bach-Bewegung für den Protestantismus eine zentrale Bedeutung, zumal sich Leipzig als richtungsweisendes Zentrum profilierte und mit der „Ära Straube-Ramin” eine „Leipziger Schule” ausbildete. Obwohl Straube und Ramin nicht selbst komponierten, war insbesondere ihr Wirken am Konservatorium der Musik zu Leipzig wesentlich für die Bildung der „Leipziger Schule” als Erneuerungsbewegung evangelischer Kirchenmusik. In dem Artikel wird das Schicksal dieser Bestrebungen und ihrer Protagonisten während der katastrophalen ökonomischen Umstände und des anwachsenden Nationalisozialismus analysiert.

  13. Furane, Furanone und Pyranone – ihr Beitrag zur Farbe und den antioxidativen Eigenschaften in der Maillard-Reaktion der Maltose

    OpenAIRE

    Kanzler, Clemens

    2017-01-01

    Die Maillard-Reaktion ist dafür bekannt, bei der thermischen Behandlung von Lebensmitteln neben deren organoleptischen Eigenschaften, wie Geschmack, Geruch, Textur und Farbe, auch die oxidative Stabilität zu beeinflussen. Letzteres ist auf die Bildung von komplexierenden und reduzierenden Verbindungen zurückzuführen, die antioxidativ und prooxidativ wirken können. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die antioxidativen Kapazitäten von dreizehn Maillard-Reaktionsintermediaten mit Furan-...

  14. Entwicklung von Stallgebäuden zur Milchviehhaltung unter Berücksichtigung der klimatischen Bedingungen in ariden und semiariden Gebieten

    OpenAIRE

    Georges, Marwan

    2009-01-01

    Globale Statistiken (FAO) deuten für aride und semiaride Länder auf einen Mangel bei der Milchproduktion hin. Die Unterversorgung ist nicht nur auf die geringe Milchleistung der ein-heimischen Rassen, sondern auch auf schlechte, vorhandene Stallbausysteme zurückzufüh-ren. Die Mehrzahl der Milchviehhaltungsgebäude entspricht dort nicht dem geforderten Stan-dard, vor allem im Hinblick auf ein tierangepasstes Umgebungsklima. Viele neue Material- und Konstruktionsentwicklungen zielen auf die ...

  15. Multiple Bloch surface waves in visible region of light at the interfaces between rugate filter/rugate filter and rugate filter/dielectric slab/rugate filter

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ullah Manzoor, Habib; Manzoor, Tareq; Hussain, Masroor; Manzoor, Sanaullah; Nazar, Kashif

    2018-04-01

    Surface electromagnetic waves are the solution of Maxwell’s frequency domain equations at the interface of two dissimilar materials. In this article, two canonical boundary-value problems have been formulated to analyze the multiplicity of electromagnetic surface waves at the interface between two dissimilar materials in the visible region of light. In the first problem, the interface between two semi-infinite rugate filters having symmetric refractive index profiles is considered and in the second problem, to enhance the multiplicity of surface electromagnetic waves, a homogeneous dielectric slab of 400 nm is included between two semi-infinite symmetric rugate filters. Numerical results show that multiple Bloch surface waves of different phase speeds, different polarization states, different degrees of localization and different field profiles are propagated at the interface between two semi-infinite rugate filters. Having two interfaces when a homogeneous dielectric layer is placed between two semi-infinite rugate filters has increased the multiplicity of electromagnetic surface waves.

  16. Modeling a multivariable reactor and on-line model predictive control.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yu, D W; Yu, D L

    2005-10-01

    A nonlinear first principle model is developed for a laboratory-scaled multivariable chemical reactor rig in this paper and the on-line model predictive control (MPC) is implemented to the rig. The reactor has three variables-temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen with nonlinear dynamics-and is therefore used as a pilot system for the biochemical industry. A nonlinear discrete-time model is derived for each of the three output variables and their model parameters are estimated from the real data using an adaptive optimization method. The developed model is used in a nonlinear MPC scheme. An accurate multistep-ahead prediction is obtained for MPC, where the extended Kalman filter is used to estimate system unknown states. The on-line control is implemented and a satisfactory tracking performance is achieved. The MPC is compared with three decentralized PID controllers and the advantage of the nonlinear MPC over the PID is clearly shown.

  17. Zur Rekonstruktion einer Typologie jugendlichen Medienhandelns gemäß dem Leitbild der Triangulation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Klaus Peter Treumann

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Die im Folgenden dargestellten Ergebnisse sind im Rahmen des von der DFG geförderten Forschungsprojekts „Eine Untersuchung zum Mediennutzungsverhalten 12- bis 20-Jähriger und zur Entwicklung von Medienkompetenz im Jugendalter“ entstanden, das gemeinsam von Klaus Peter Treumann, Uwe Sander und Dorothee Meister geleitet wird. Das Forschungsprojekt untersucht das Medienhandeln Jugendlicher sowohl hinsichtlich Neuer als auch alter Medien. Zum einen fragen wir dabei nach den Ausprägungen von Medienkompetenz in verschiedenen Dimensionen und zum anderen konzentrieren wir uns auf die Entwicklung einer empirisch fundierten Typologie jugendlichen Medienhandelns. Methodologisch ist die Untersuchung an dem Leitbild der Triangulation orientiert und kombiniert qualitative und quantitative Zugänge zum Forschungsfeld in Form von Gruppendiskussionen, leitfadengestützten Einzelinterviews und einer Repräsentativerhebung.

  18. Active RC filter based implementation analysis part of two channel hybrid filter bank

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stojanović Vidosav

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available In the present paper, a new design method for continuous-time powersymmetric active RC filters for Hybrid Filter Bank (HFB is proposed. Some theoretical properties of continious-time power-symmetric filters bank in a more general perspective are studied. This includes the derivation of a new general analytical form, and a study of poles and zeros locations in s-plane. In the proposed design method the analytic solution of filter coefficients is solved in sdomain using only one nonlinear equation Finally, the proposed approximation is compared to standard approximations. It was shown that attenuation and group delay characteristic of the proposed filter lie between Butterworth and elliptic characteristics. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 32009TR

  19. Analog filters in nanometer CMOS

    CERN Document Server

    Uhrmann, Heimo; Zimmermann, Horst

    2014-01-01

    Starting from the basics of analog filters and the poor transistor characteristics in nanometer CMOS 10 high-performance analog filters developed by the authors in 120 nm and 65 nm CMOS are described extensively. Among them are gm-C filters, current-mode filters, and active filters for system-on-chip realization for Bluetooth, WCDMA, UWB, DVB-H, and LTE applications. For the active filters several operational amplifier designs are described. The book, furthermore, contains a review of the newest state of research on low-voltage low-power analog filters. To cover the topic of the book comprehensively, linearization issues and measurement methods for the characterization of advanced analog filters are introduced in addition. Numerous elaborate illustrations promote an easy comprehension. This book will be of value to engineers and researchers in industry as well as scientists and Ph.D students at universities. The book is also recommendable to graduate students specializing on nanoelectronics, microelectronics ...

  20. Online Sellers’ Website Quality Influencing Online Buyers’ Purchase Intention

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shea Lee, Tan; Ariff, Mohd Shoki Md; Zakuan, Norhayati; Sulaiman, Zuraidah; Zameri Mat Saman, Muhamad

    2016-05-01

    The increase adoption of Internet among young users in Malaysia provides high prospect for online seller. Young users aged between 18 and 25 years old are important to online sellers because they are actively involved in online purchasing and this group of online buyers is expected to dominate future online market. Therefore, examining online sellers’ website quality and online buyers’ purchase intention is crucial. Based on the Theory of planned behavior (TPB), a conceptual model of online sellers’ website quality and purchase intention of online buyers was developed. E-tailQ instrument was adapted in this study which composed of website design, reliability/fulfillment, security, privacy & trust, and customer service. Using online questionnaire and convenience sampling procedure, primary data were obtained from 240 online buyers aged between 18 to 25 years old. It was discovered that website design, website reliability/fulfillment, website security, privacy & trust, and website customer service positively and significantly influence intention of online buyers to continuously purchase via online channels. This study concludes that online sellers’ website quality is important in predicting online buyers’ purchase intention. Recommendation and implication of this study were discussed focusing on how online sellers should improve their website quality to stay competitive in online business.