Design of photovoltaic generation systems for lean-to greenhouses; Katayane onshitsuyo taiyoko hatsuden system no sekkei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

He, D; Kozai, T [Chiba University, Chiba (Japan). Horticulture Faculty

1997-11-25

Outlined herein are characteristics of solar radiation permeation in lean-to greenhouses provided with photovoltaic (PV) arrays on part of their roofs, and estimated quantities of power generated by the PV systems for different districts, seasons and cell areas. Three types of PV systems were followed; system 1: single-crystalline silicon, system 2: amorphous silicon, monolithically combined with the roof, and system 3: film-shape amorphous silicon. Annual quantity of power generated by these systems tends to increase as latitude decreases. They show an annual energy conversion efficiency of 10.3, 5.1 and 2.1%, respectively. Efficiency is unaffected by direction of the building on which the PV system is installed at low latitudes, as long as it is within {+-} 30deg around the east-west direction. At high latitudes, it is preferably in the east-west direction. For the PV system covering 30% of the roof area at a north latitude of 35deg, light received by plants in the greenhouse is fairly unaffected by the system throughout the year. These systems show a yearly solar energy utilization efficiency of 49 to 59, 46 to 55 and 44 to 53%, respectively, when they cover 60% of the roof area. 5 refs., 6 figs, 2 tabs.

Introduction effect of a load levelling system in an electric power system with a photovoltaic and wind system; Taiyoko/furyoku hatsuden wo donyu shita denryoku keito ni okeru fuka heijunka shisutemu no donyu koka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kenmoku, Y.; Sakakibara, T. [Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi (Japan); Nakagawa, S. [Maizuru College of Technology, Kyoto (Japan); Kawamoto, T. [Shizuoka University, Shizuoka (Japan)

1998-12-05

Introduction effect of load levelling system by a battery in an electric power system by a battery in an electric power system with a PV and wind system is investigated. Charge and discharge power of the battery are determined from a load curve and every hour data of PV and wind output. Annual cost of the power system is calculated from the generating power and the capacity of each source via the installed utility capacity and the capacity factor. It is found that (1) the battery system reduces the maximum demand and improves the load factor, (2) the cost effect of the battery system when introducing the PV system is higher than that when introducing the wind system. (author)

Effect of fall wind on wind power generation; Furyoku hatsuden ni okeru dashikaze no koka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nagai, H [Nihon University, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Wind conditions in Arakawa Town, Niigata Prefecture, were surveyed by anemometers and anemoscopes installed at 3 different points, and the data are analyzed to develop the prediction model for investigating possibility of introduction of wind mills there. Outlined herein is power generated by fall wind by comparing predicted power availability with the actual results. In order to investigate possibility of power generation by fall wind, the wind conditions and power availability are simulated using the observed wind condition data. Predicted wind velocity involves a large error at a point where frequency of prevailing wind direction is high, and direction in which average wind velocity is high coincides with direction in which land is slanted at a high slope. Fall wind occurs locally for geographical reasons. Location of the wind mill must be carefully considered, because it is complex, although potentially gives a larger quantity of power. A wind mill of 400kW can produce power of around 600MWh annually, when it is located at the suited site confirmed by the wind condition analysis results. 6 refs., 5 figs., 6 tabs.

Load averaging system for co-generation plant; Jikayo hatsuden setsubi ni okeru fuka heijunka system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ueno, Y. [Fuji Electric Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1995-07-30

MAZDA Motor Corp. planed the construction of a 20.5MW co-generation plant in 1991 for responding to an increase in power demand due to expansion of the Hofu factory. On introduction of this co-generation plant, it was decided that the basic system would adopt the following. (1) A circulating fluidized bed boiler which can be operated by burning multiple kinds of fuels with minimum environmental pollution. (2) A heat accumulation system which can be operated through reception of a constant power from electric power company despite a sudden and wide range change in power demand. (3) A circulating-water exchange heat recovery system which recovers exhaust heat of the turbine plant as the hot water to be utilized for heating and air-conditioning of the factory mainly in winter. Power demand in MAZDA`s Hofu factory changes 15% per minute within a maximum range from 20MW to 8MW. This change is difficult to be followed even by an oil burning boiler excellent in load follow-up. The circulating Fluidized bed boiler employed this time is lower in the follow-up performance than the oil boiler. For the newly schemed plant, however, load averaging system named a heat accumulation system capable of responding fully to the above change has been developed. This co-generation plant satisfied the official inspection before commercial operation according the Ministerial Ordinance in 1993. Since then, with regard to the rapid load following, which was one of the initial targets, operation is now performed steadily. This paper introduces an outline of the system and operation conditions. 10 refs.

Present status of geothermal power development in Kyushu; Kyushu ni okeru chinetsu hatsuden no genjo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Akiyoshi, M. [Kyushu Electric Power Co. Inc., Fukuoka (Japan)

1997-10-20

The present situation was introduced of the geothermal power generation in Kyushu. In Kyushu, where there are lots of volcanos and abundant geothermal resources, the geothermal exploration has been made since long ago. Three non-utility use units at three geothermal power generation points and six commercial use units at five points are now in operation in Kyushu. The total output is approximately 210 MW, about 40% of the domestic geothermal power generation. At Otake and Hacchobaru geothermal power plants, the Kyushu Electric Power Company made the geothermal resource exploration through the installation/operation of power generation facilities. At the Otake power plant, a geothermal water type single flashing system was adopted first in the country because of its steam mixed with geothermal water. At the Hacchobaru power plant, adopted were a two-phase flow transportation system and a double flashing system in which the geothermal water separated from primary steam by separator is more reduced in pressure to take out secondary steam. Yamakawa, Ogiri and Takigami power plants are all for the joint exploration. Geothermal developers drill steam wells and generate steam, and the Kyushu Electric Power Company buys the steam and uses it for power generation. 5 figs., 1 tab.

NEDO Forum 2000. Solar technology development session (photovoltaic power generation system and our living); Taiyoko gijutsu kaihatsu session. Taiyoko hatsuden system to watashi tachi no kurashi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-09-01

The following themes were presented at the present session: (1) energy and environmental problems, and expectation to the photovoltaic power generation system, (2) our living and photovoltaic power generation, and (3) energy policies of Kobe Municipality based on lessons from the earthquake disaster. Item (1) describes: if the total electric power obtained in 20 years from the photovoltaic power generation system of 3 kW output for residential houses is converted into amount of petroleum consumed by thermal power plants, it corresponds to about 850 twenty-liter polyethylene tanks; to build a photovoltaic power generation system, energy corresponding to about 100 polyethylene tanks is used; therefore, subtraction results in saving of about 750 tanks; ordinary houses discharge about 3,500 kg of CO2 annually; and the photovoltaic power generation system serves to reduce about 1,000 kg of CO2 emission annually. Item (2) describes: in markets in 2010, more than 80% of the power generation system is served for housing; profitable price of power generation value is about 55/kW; more than 50% of the value is occupied by the value for other than power generation; and more than 80% of the system for housing will be of roof-material type in 2005. Item (3) introduces the energy diversification taken by Kobe Municipality after the earthquake disaster, and the energy policies, including the 'life spot' policy. (NEDO)

Research and development of system to utilize photovoltaic energy. Study on the scenario for the diffusion of photovoltaic power generating systems; Taiyoko hatsuden riyo sytem no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyoko hatsuden donyu fukyu scenario sakusei no tame no chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the result obtained during fiscal 1994 on a survey to prepare scenario for the diffusion of photovoltaic power generating systems. Introduction target planned with help of a diffusion simulation was verified by calculations using simulation models. The calculations made the following points clear: facility costs and power generation costs for photovoltaic power generation systems, amount of introduced photovoltaic power generation systems, number of facilities introducing photovoltaic power generation systems, policy cost to achieve the target, annual power generation amount, oil substituting effect, carbon dioxide reducing effect, and market sizes. Power generation cost in fiscal 2000 would drop down to 53 yen per kWh in new installation in independent houses and down to 31 yen per kWh in systems used in schools. These reductions are the result of progress in mass production as a result of positively implementing the aiding policies. The required diffusion aiding policies revealed from the simulation results include expansion of subsidy operations for house construction, introduction of the systems into public facilities performed by public organizations, aid to system introduction into private business entities, subsidy to facility investments, and enforcement of power purchase institutions. 3 figs.

Marketing research on potential demands of photovoltaic systems. Taiyoko hatsuden system no senzai shijo chosa seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1988-03-01

Applicable uses and the market size for photovoltaic (PV) systems were investigated taking into consideration the features and economics of such systems. As a result of computing representative usage examples together with the extent of potential demand for PV, 238 GW for the power source in private homes, 76 GW for green houses, 126 GW for sewage water treatment plants, 4 GW for schools and universities and others were estimated. For the greater number of PV systems already in actual use, non-cost factors acted as major determining factors when deciding on implementation. Promising uses (applicable ideas) seen from the standpoint of non-cost factors were studied in order to develop the PV system market and gain breakthrough for lowering future costs and increasing proliferation for such systems. When it comes to simultaneously decreasing costs and increasing demand for solar batteries in the coming days, it will be impossible to make an immediate transition from the present state of demand for public use and for special use to the final goal of demand as a power source in the home. There is a need for an intermediate demand that can bridge this gap. (13 figs, 9 tabs)

Arrangement of technical information on photovoltaic power generation systems; Taiyoko hatsuden system kanren gijutsu joho no seibi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

In order to effectively contribute to the development of the technology required to put them to practical use, technical information on photovoltaic power generation systems, such as the results of overseas and domestic research and development work, which have been obtained by NEDO, were collected, categorized, sorted, and processed to make a data base. This report presents the details of the project for fiscal 1995. Papers from the 10th ECPVSEC held at Lisbon, Portugal in April 1991 and the 6th PVSEC held at New Delhi, India in February 1992, and papers published by NEDO were investigated and arranged. The total number of the papers processed in 1995 is 424 from two international conferences, and 176 from NEDO. The implementation steps consist of the collection of overseas and domestic research reports and other documents, the preparation of summaries of research results reported in those documents, the preparation of brief summaries of data obtained from the results of experiments including numerical data, and the sort and processing of them by research area, material used to fabricate photovoltaic cells, etc. The results of the above work are stored on 3.5 inch floppy disks as MS-DOS text data. The report also provides the general publication through the Internet. 7 tabs.

Researches regarding a constructing problem of a PV system. Part 1. Conscious investigation by means of a questionnaire survey; Taiyoko hatsuden system ni okeru kenchikuteki shomondai no kenkyu. 1. Anketo chosa ni yoru ishiki chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakajima, Y; Yamazaki, R; Kuroki, T [Kogakuin University, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-27

The installation and introduction of photovoltaic power generation systems (PVS) in buildings are growingly expected in the construction field from now, coupled with the marketing of a solar cell module as a product for a construction material in the form of an external wall or a roof material for example. For this purpose, it is necessary at first to summarize problems that may arise at the time of or after the installation of PVS as a product. This paper examines an opinion poll, degree of recognition, current problems, etc., of PVS as a result of a questionnaire survey given to engineers and architects engaged in the actual construction business. The degree of recognition and interest was very high. Consultation or request for PVS installation was much more than predicted in numbers. Roughly 50% of the respondents reacted positively for the future installation request of PVS and, combined with the respondents who answered to look into the installation tentatively, not less than 90% were of a forward-looking opinion. The 85% of the respondents was not aware of the monitor business system for residential PVS. Further, the survey clearly brought out the importance of cost problems. 1 ref., 11 figs., 3 tabs.

FY 1998 evaluation/analysis of the data collected in the field test project for photovoltaic power generation for public facilities; 1998 nendo kokyo shisetsu nadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru shushu data hyoka kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

In the field test project for the photovoltaic power generation for public facilities, operational data were collected/analyzed on facilities at 158 sites installed from FY 1994 to FY 1997. As a result, the following were found out: Average values of the global radiation on an inclined surface, equivalent array operation time, equivalent system operation time, system operation time, inverter performance efficiency, inverter load factor, array power coefficient, and system power coefficient are 3.51 kWh/m{sup 2}/D, 2.72 h/D, 2.47 h/D, 10.3 h/D, 0.91, 0.30, 0.77 and 0.70, respectively. No deterioration with age was recognized in the 4-year operation data. As to the maintenance, the item, 'there are a lot of failures in the photovoltaic power system,' was 2% in rate. As to the inspection, times are mostly once a month. The annual maintenance cost was widely between about 360 yen/kW and about 30,000 yen/kW. Supposing annual expenses to be a total of capital expense, direct expense, and general administrative expense, the power generation cost dropped from approximately 240 yen/kWh in FY 1994 to 100 yen/kWh in FY 1997. (NEDO)

Soft switching buck-boost converter for photovoltaic power generation; Taiyoko hatsuden no tame no soft switching shokoatsu converter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, H. [Kyungnam University (Korea, Republic of)

1996-10-27

A soft switching method with small switching loss was proposed for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of a DC-DC boost converter which converted a DC current generated by solar cells to a variable DC current. Existing current converters are supplemented by using a snubber circuit around the switch so as to protect the switch by a hard switching action. However, with an increase of the output current, snubber loss is increased, reducing the efficiency. In order to solve this problem, the partial resonant switch method was applied to the converter; with this method of partially forming a resonant circuit only at the time of turning on/off of the switch, the switching loss was reduced through the soft switching, thereby making the proposed converter operate with high efficiency. Moreover, the resonant element of the partial resonant circuit using a snubber condenser, the energy accumulated in the condenser was regenerated on the power supply side without loss of snubber. With the regenerated energy, the proposed converter was provided with a smaller ratio of switching to use than the conventional converter. 4 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Research and development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Investigations and researches on evaluations of photovoltaic power generation); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (taiyoko hatsuden hyoka no chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Values given to global environment and economy by utilization of photovoltaic power generation are evaluated, and quantified to make clear the significance of the utilization thereof. Specifically, trial calculations were performed on LCA and damaging characteristics of photovoltaic systems, and reducible amount of carbon dioxide emission. Taking up thin film CdTe cells as the object, estimation was made on the energy payback time (EPT) and CO2 emission amount. The production scale ranges over 10 MW/ 30 MW/ 100 MW annually, the useful life is 20 years, and the unit requirement for CO2 emission originated from the charged electric power is 114 g-C/kWh. The EPT was 1.74 in the annual production of 10 MWp, 1.08 in 100 MWp, the unit requirement for CO2 emission was 14.0 in the annual production of 10 MWp, and 8.9 in 100 MWp. This is one of severals of that in the existing power supply source. For heavy metals, particularly Pb, the trial calculation resulted in 0.15 g/Wp in the crystalline type, and 0.1 g/Wp in the amorphous type. The problem therewith is separation and recovery. The reducible amount of carbon dioxide, or in other words, the amount of power that can be generated latently is 37,235 GWh/year, or 3.10 million tons when converted into carbon dioxide. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Research and development of photovoltaic system evaluation technology (Research and development of system evaluation technology - Photovoltaic system data book, separate volume); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu bessatsu (taiyoko hatsuden system data shu))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

In the research and development of photovoltaic power generation system evaluation technology, great progress has been achieved in performance improvement and cost reduction as far as constituent devices such as power modules and inverters are concerned. In the designing of systems, however, quantitative elucidation of loss and power reduction factors remains insufficient. Under the circumstances, several types of photovoltaic power generation systems expected to be put to practical application in the future are taken up, test facilities are constructed which simulate them, and data are collected. The thus-collected data are utilized for research and development of evaluation techniques necessary for the improvement of photovoltaic system efficiency, such as design parameter quantification, databasing and utilization thereof, and simulation technologies, for the establishment of technologies for optimum designs and optimum operations. The data book accommodates data, arranged in an easy-to-use fashion, collected about verification test facility (interconnected systems, independent systems, and water pump systems) operation, weather conditions, and residential photovoltaic power generation systems. (NEDO)

Research on PV system application on residences. Part 1. Report on the systems and PV measurement results of an experimental passive solar house; Taiyoko hatsuden system no jutaku eno oyo ni kansuru kenkyu. 1. Taisho tatemono taiyo to taiyoko hatsuden system keisoku kekka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishihara, O.; Sakai, K.; Hirakawa, M. [Kumamoto University, Kumamoto (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1997-11-25

System of the house is outlined, and warming performance and photovoltaic power generation system energy performance are taken up. It is a one-storied meeting hall situated in an apartment area, whose heat loss factor is 2.59kcal/m2hdegC. Ninety hybrid solar cells provided with circulating air heat collectors are installed on the east-side of the roof, interconnected to the commercial power system. In the daytime in summer, the house is fully insulated from solar radiation, with the room temperature kept a little lower than the open air temperature. The range of daily change in the room temperature is narrow, providing a comfortable residential space. When the windows are opened in the evening, cool air comes into the room to replace the warm air inside, reducing the difference in temperature between the inside and outside of the room. In winter, insolation time is short on the east side of the roof which finds itself out of the sun. Under the circumstances, the system outputs but a little and the quantity sold is quite small in winter. But, in summer, sale of power can be practicable, thanks to exposure to sufficient sunshine. The inverter rated at 3.5kW attains a 90% or higher operating rate in the presence of an input of power of 0.5kW or more. 4 refs., 10 figs.

Fiscal 2000 achievement report. International demonstrative development of photovoltaic power generation system (Demonstrative study on grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system in Thailand); 2000 nendo seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system kokusai kyodo jissho kaihatsu - Taiyoko hatsuden keitou renkei system jissho kenkyu (Tai)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-09-01

A demonstrative study was conducted in Thailand for grasping the effect on small electricity grids when several photovoltaic power generation systems, including AC modules, are connected to the grid. In fiscal 2000, surveys and studies were conducted about the data of the local power system, where to install the demonstrative system, and how to install the same, which were necessary for working out a basic design for Libong Island newly designated as the site for the demonstrative system. It was then concluded that the demonstrative system be a grid-connected 100 kW-level photovoltaic system comprising one main photovoltaic power station (85 kW), photovoltaic power systems for school buildings (3-6 kW, three schools), and AC modules (110 W, 10 locations). The manufacture of solar cell modules, grid-connected power conditioners, and measuring devices were completed. Civil engineering work and construction were under way on the site, including the construction of a management building, installation of concrete bases for solar cell arrays, construction of fences surrounding the site, and so forth. (NEDO)

Accident and everyday use for small PV power supply system. 2; Saigaiji ken`yo kogata taiyoko hatsuden system. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yokoyama, S.; Sano, N.; Itsumi, J. [Kumamoto Institute of Technology, Kumamoto (Japan)

1997-11-25

Study is under way for the development of a small power source system capable of supplying power to public facilities and home appliances at normal times and capable of turning immediately into a self-sustained power source in case of emergency. This study discusses a power source that is a combination of solar cell modules and a storage battery, which is subjected to analysis for its match with a light or a data-processing computer imposed as a load on the power source. In the experiment, the power source consists of solar cell modules and a rectangular wave inverter. The battery is a 12V/28Ah automotive battery, the solar cells are two 75W (17V/4.4A) modules, and the load is a fluorescent lamp, fan, electric bulb, or a computer. It is found that the system can operate near the maximum power point of the solar cell modules when the load is light and that the system still works on even when the load consumes more than what the solar cells module produce, this thanks to the battery serving as a backup. In the future, a test-dedicated small power source now under construction will be put to continuous operation for further study. 4 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power generation system evaluation technology (Research and development of system evaluation technology - Separate volume: Collection of data of photovoltaic power generation systems); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu - Bessatsu: taiyoko hatsuden system data shu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

For the establishment of technologies for optimum designs and optimum operation for various types of photovoltaic power systems, data are compiled in this volume, collected from the field test facilities and residential photovoltaic power systems. Operating data and meteorological data from the field test facilities (interconnection system, independent system, and water pump system) are arranged as easy-to-use supplementary data to help studies in relation to the 'energy flow in the test field facility systems' which is in the fiscal 1999 achievement report. As for data collected from residential photovoltaic power systems, they are arranged as easy-to-use supplementary data to help studies in relation to the 'Data and evaluation of residential photovoltaic power systems' which again belongs in the fiscal 1999 achievement report. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 report on result of international joint demonstrative development of photovoltaic power generation system. Demonstrative research on photovoltaic power generation system interconnection system (Myanmar); 2000 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system kokusai kyodo jissho kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden keito renkei system jissho kenkyu (Myanmar)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Joint research was conducted with Myanmar on a photovoltaic power generation system interconnection system, for which fiscal 2000 results were described in this paper. Power generating facilities were set up consisting of 80kW photovoltaic, 40kW wind and 60kW diesel systems. With the photovoltaic and wind power generation connected to a small-scale power system as a ballast load, the system interconnection is formed through load adjusting equipment such as storage batteries. The hybrid system feeding is from 6 o'clock early in the morning until 23 late at night. The diesel power generation is free from restrictions. The operating method was set on system control (demand side management) by adjustment from the load side, with ballast load control employed that adjustably operates an ice machine load. The basic design was drafted in terms of a storage battery capacity of 1,000Ah and an ice machine load of 32kW. The daytime load was assumed to be 25% of the night load. On the equipment specifications set in this basic design, arrangement design was conducted for the equipment in the premises, making a land development plan and a basic construction plan including a temporary work site, construction steps, transportation and delivery of the equipment. Quantity of solar radiation and wind data were continuously observed. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 report on data of international joint demonstrative development of photovoltaic power generation system. Demonstrative research on photovoltaic power generation system interconnection system (Myanmar); 2000 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system kokusai kyodo jissho kaihatsu hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden keito renkei system jissho kenkyu (Myanmar) - shiryohen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

This paper describes the fiscal 2000 report on research data of joint demonstrative development with Myanmar concerning photovoltaic power generation system interconnection system. The purpose is an operation research in the case where a small-scale electric power generation system in an remote island or the like in Japan is linked with a severely output-fluctuating power generation system using energy of nature such as photovoltaic and wind power generation. In particular, among the system control (demand side management) methods by adjustment from a loading side, ballast load control was employed that adjustably operates load of an ice machine for example. As the contents of the data, the quantity of solar radiation and wind velocity at the Chaungthar site were shown as meteorological observation data. In addition, a graph was made on the meteorological observation data at the Chaungthar and Letkhokekone sites. The paper also explains the final explanatory data for selecting the sites in implementing the demonstrative research. As to the operation method of the hybrid power generation system, assumption was made for the daytime load in four cases from 50% (30kW) to 0% (0kW) of the nighttime. Storage batteries and diesel generators were installed and used in combination. Simulation results were also presented. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 research report on the data collection, evaluation and analysis in the PV power generation field test project for public facilities; 1997 nendo kokyo shisetsu nado yo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru shushu data hyoka kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

As a part of the field test project for diffusing PV power generation into public facilities generally, evaluation and analysis were made on the collected data from 105 sites installed during fiscal 1993-1996. Analysis of operation characteristics was made by using parameters obtained by developing a basic equation for every component. 94% of all the sites fell under the total solar irradiation of 3.0- 4.5kWh/m{sup 2}/D. 83% of those fell under the equivalent array operation time of 2.5-4.0h/D. 70% of those fell under the equivalent system operation time of 2.5-3.5h/D. 72% of those fell under the system operation time of 9.0-12.0h/D. 78% of those fell under the effective inverter efficiency of 0.84- 0.96. 68% of those fell under the inverter load factor of 0.25-0.35. 85% of those fell under the array performance ratio of 0.7-1.0. 83% of those fell under the system performance ratio of 0.6-0.9. The generation cost decreased from 270yen/kWh in 1993 to 100yen/kWh in 1996 because reduction of an installation cost largely contributed to reduction of the total cost. (NEDO)

Research and development of photovoltaic power system. Characterization and control of surface/interface recombination velocity of crystalline silicon thin films; Taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Silicon kessho usumaku ni okeru hyomen kaimen saiketsugo sokudo no hyoka to seigyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hasegawa, H [Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1994-12-01

This paper reports the result obtained during fiscal 1994 on characterization and control of surface/interface recombination velocity of crystalline silicon thin films. To optimize design and manufacture of solar cells, it is necessary to identify correctly resistance factor (or doping) of bulk of materials, bulk minority carrier life, and recombination velocity on surface, passivation interface and electrode interface. A group in the Hokkaido University has been working since a few years ago on development of non-contact and non-destructive photo-luminescence surface level spectroscopy (PLS{sup 3}). A new non-contact C-V method was also introduced. Using these methods, basic discussions were given on possibility of separate measurements on surface/interface and bulk characteristics of solar cell materials. The PLS{sup 3} method and the non-contact C-V method were used for experimental discussions on evaluation of silicon mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline materials. Discussions were given on separate evaluations by using the DLTS method. 10 figs., 2 tabs.

Experiments of cooling photovoltaic panel by desorption process; Dacchaku hanno wo riyoshita taiyoko hatsuden panel no ondo josho yokusei jikken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Akisawa, A; Inoue, S; Kashiwagi, T [Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

It is important to cool a photovoltaic (PV) panel, because increased panel temperature is accompanied by decreased power generation efficiency. The authors have proposed a PV power generation system combined with an adsorption chiller driven by low-temperature heat, and simulated temperature changes during the desorption cycle, where the chiller utilizes endothermic reactions of an adsorbent during the desorption cycle. Described herein are results of the tests carried out to validate possibility of controlling panel temperature increase. The system consists of the PV panel with which a bed packed with an adsorbent is monolithically combined, condenser and evaporator. It generates power during the daytime by sunbeams, and provides low-temperature heat during the nighttime by the evaporator. In particular, ice can be produced when methanol and activated coal are used as the adsorbate and adsorbent. It has an advantage of effective utilization of energy as the heat source, which has been merely dissipated by the conventional system in the air. Such a system is expected to be useful for promoting effective utilization of solar energy and for peak power shaving in summer. The initial targets are achieved by the tests. 4 refs., 10 figs.

Demonstrative study for the wind and solar hybrid power system. 2; Furyoku taiyoko hybrid hatsuden system ni kansuru jissho kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kimura, Y; Sakuma, H; Ushiyama, I [Ashikaga Institute of Technology, Tochigi (Japan)

1996-10-27

In order to verify the complementary relationship between wind and solar energy, the long-term field test of the hybrid power system was conducted at the natural energy square of Ashikaga Institute of Technology. The solar cell blade windmill composed of a Savonius windmill and flexible solar cells applied to swept buckets was also prepared. As a result, the wind power generation was promising mainly in the winter period including the late fall and early spring, while solar one was stable all the year through although it was slightly poor in winter. Stable power generation was thus achieved by combining wind energy with solar energy. As the whole data of other wind and solar power generation systems at the square were analyzed for every month, the same conclusion as the solar cell blade windmill was obtained as follows: the wind power generation in Ashikaga area is promising in Nov.-March from the field test result for 16 months, solar power generation is stable all the year through, the hybrid power system is effective in Nov.-April, and the solar cell blade windmill is equivalent to the hybrid power system. 3 refs., 5 figs.

Report of fiscal 1998 results. Feasibility study of overseas technological development (feasibility study for joint research on photovoltaic power generation in Myanmar); 1998 nendo kaigai gijutsu kaihatsu kanosei chosa hokokusho. Myanmar ni okeru taiyoko hatsuden system kyodo kenkyu kanosei chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Feasibility was studied of a demonstrative research concerning effective operation of a hybrid system consisting of photovoltaic, wind and diesel power generations in Myanmar. Upon confirmation of Myanmar's request and assistance, Myanmar electric Power Enterprise was selected as the counterpart, with Kantangyi village determined as the candidate site from the viewpoint of the quantity of solar radiation, wind conditions, and convenience in transportation service. Meteorological observation instruments were installed at Nyaung U observatory, with the observation implemented. It was grasped that the demand spreading pattern and the demand for electric power was 40 kWh/month per household. It was also judged that the system structure should be constituted of photovoltaic power, wind power, and diesel generator/battery/adjustable load. The problems are stable supply technology, technology for effective use of renewable energy, technology for complementary effects of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, and demonstration of a 100 kW class wind power generation system. Particularly important is consistency between the capacity of power storage equipment and that of diesel power generation. The study results applicable to Japan is the verification of a small-sized independent system for remote islands or the like. The total research expenses were estimated to be 600 million yen. (NEDO)

Preparation of the FY 1998 photovoltaic power system related technology information; 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system kanren gijutsu joho no seibi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The paper outlined the FY 1998 data preparation project on the photovoltaic power generation. In the field of solar cells and photovoltaic power system, a part of the 13th EUPVSEC data and the 25th IEEEPVSEC data are made database. As to the NEDO related papers, the papers made public in FY 1998 are made database. The number of the object papers totaled 982 including 943 in international conference relation and 39 in NEDO relation. The number of the papers included in 'photovoltaic power generation database (literature)' totaled 4010. Steps of database preparation are collection of the research papers/various reports made public in Japan and overseas, abstract making, preparation of the result data/experimental data, keyword supply, classification/adjustment, and description items. The FY 1998 is the fifth year from the start of this database, and the collected/adjusted technical information on solar cells is classified for analysis according to international conference, research institute, used material, research field, etc. (NEDO)

Photovoltaic AC fusion converter (PVAC). Design consideration and experimental evaluation; Taiyoko hatsuden denryoku/shoyo denryoku kongo sochi no hoshiki to seino

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsuchiya, Y. [Hachinohe National College of Technology, Aomori (Japan); Sakakibara, T. [Toyohashi University, of Technology, Aichi (Japan)

1997-11-25

The photovoltaic AC fusion converter (PVAC), of which cost reduction of the total system is possible, was developed. PVAC controls the supply of commercial power by preferentially supplying photovoltaic power to loads for realization of energy conservation. Further, setting the maximum output of solar cell less than the rated load, the system was made the one with no need of storage batteries. This system was realized in a hybrid of the conventional rectification technology and the stand-alone maximum power point tracking photovoltaic system technology. The solar cell input efficiency had been measured as 84% at maximum. Main losses are consumption power of power source, switching loss of inverter, and continuity loss of diode. Ninety-seven percent of the commercial power input efficiency was obtained. Main losses are consumption power of power source, continuity loss of diode bridge, and resistance loss of smoothing reactor. The effect of energy conservation by the use of PVAC was also admitted. 6 refs., 7 figs.

Preparation of the FY 1998 photovoltaic power system related technology information; 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system kanren gijutsu joho no seibi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The paper outlined the FY 1998 data preparation project on the photovoltaic power generation. In the field of solar cells and photovoltaic power system, a part of the 13th EUPVSEC data and the 25th IEEEPVSEC data are made database. As to the NEDO related papers, the papers made public in FY 1998 are made database. The number of the object papers totaled 982 including 943 in international conference relation and 39 in NEDO relation. The number of the papers included in 'photovoltaic power generation database (literature)' totaled 4010. Steps of database preparation are collection of the research papers/various reports made public in Japan and overseas, abstract making, preparation of the result data/experimental data, keyword supply, classification/adjustment, and description items. The FY 1998 is the fifth year from the start of this database, and the collected/adjusted technical information on solar cells is classified for analysis according to international conference, research institute, used material, research field, etc. (NEDO)

Japanese aquaculture with thermal water from power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuroda, T.

1977-01-01

The present level of thermal aquaculture, utilizing thermal water which is waste cooling water from nuclear power plant, in Japan is reported. There are 13 major potential areas for thermal aquaculture in cooperation with conventional type thermal power plants, seven of which are actually operating. Aquaculture facilities of all these are on land, none in the sea. Of these seven centers, those that have already commercialized their nursery methods or are approaching that stage of research and development, are Tohoku Hatsuden Kogyo Ltd., Tsuruga Hama Land Ltd. and Kyushu Rinsan Ltd. Major problems faced specialists in Japanese thermal aquaculture are water temperature, water quality, radioactivity and costs. For keeping the water temperature constant all seasons, cooling or heating by natural sea water may be used. Even negligible amounts of radioactivity that nuclear power plants release into the sea will concentrate in the systems of marine life. A strict precautionary checking routine is used to detect radioactivity in marine life. (Kobatake, H.)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - international joint demonstration and development of photovoltaic power generation systems (Demonstrative research on photovoltaic power and micro hydraulic power hybrid system); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system kokusai kyodo jissho kaihatsu (taiyoko micro suiryoku hybrid system jissho kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

A photovoltaic (PV) power plant is compounded with a micro hydroelectric (MH) power plant in Vietnam, who has a dry season and a rainy season, to structure a stabilized power supply system to compensate drawbacks of the respective systems. Full load operation is being performed to advance the development of technologies to optimize and improve the performance and reliability of the system. The works include (1) site surveys, and decision on a location to execute the demonstration research, (2) design of the system, and design and fabrication of devices, and (3) the building construction thereof. In Item (1), the location was decided at Trang Village, Vietnam from such installing conditions as annual average insolation, water channels for wheel turbines, energy complementing relations, load demand amount, and difficulty of installation. In Item (2), the system consists of PV:100 kW/MH:25 kW/control system, wherein the MH is an inductive generator. The Main devices include generators, batteries, inverters, system control panels, and a meteorological data recording device. In Item (3) land survey and development were completed. (NEDO)

Analysis and evaluation for practical application of photovoltaic power generation system. Analysis and evaluation of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power system (analysis and evaluation on photovoltaic systems); Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka. Shuhen gijutsu kaihatsu no tame no kaiseki hyoka (taiyoko hatsuden system shingata chikudenchi)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kurokawa, K; Endo, E; Tsuda, I; Nakamura, K; Sugiyama, Y; Nakazawa, S; Takaku, K; Yanagisawa, T; Kojima, T; Shimizu, K; Koyanagi, T; Onda, N; Nozaki, K; Negishi, A; Kaneko, Y [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for analysis and evaluation of new storage batteries for photovoltaic power systems. Quantitative analysis and evaluation are made for introduction of intermittent operational mode in the conventional power supply system in which electrolyte units are connected in parallel and for improved performance by bubbles flowing into the line that supplies the electrolyte to the stack, in order to establish the configurations of and operational procedures for the redox flow batteries. The study on development of redox battery compares the Pb-Sn alloy felt collector with carbon fiber, Pb-Sb alloy felt and the lattice for the conventional lead acid battery, in order to optimize the new lead felt battery. As a result, it is found that the Pb-Sn alloy felt collector is better than any other device tested, because of its higher freedom with respect to electrode shape and battery size. The study on reliability evaluation of amorphous solar cells tests photoelectric conversion efficiency of a-Si solar cells, in order to elucidate the phenomena where degradation and rejuvenation compete with each other under weak light irradiation conditions. 8 figs., 1 tab.

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 Sunshine Program on development of practical application technologies for photovoltaic power systems. Development of photovoltaic demonstration systems (Research and development of systems for factories); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden demonstration system kaihatsu (kojoyo system no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

In the effort at constituting an optimum system, a 2kwp mini-system is completed after designing and introducing an array output measuring unit, DC control unit, dummy loads, etc. The system is actually operated for collecting various data, and commercial noise, transmission line safety, surplus power utilization, solar cell utilization rate, efficiency of various kinds, etc., are subjected to analysis. The basic designs of measuring instruments for a 100kwp full-scale system are also examined. In relation with the manufacture, testing, and arrangement of solar cell arrays, a large solar simulator is designed and introduced for the measurement of module photoelectric characteristics. Using this simulator, continuous irradiation is performed by a 1kW/m{sup 2} light beam of a spectral distribution of AM (air mass) 1.5. A CZ (Czochralski) single crystal, EFG (edge defined film bed growth method) ribbon, and a small CdS/CdTe solar cell module are installed, through the use of which operating characteristics are determined for comparative study. A DC control unit is designed and built, composed of a rectifying device for the dissolution of noise that greatly affects measurement for the mini-system, DC-AC-DC converter, and a remote control console. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technology to put photovoltaic power generation system into practical use. Demonstrative study on photovoltaic power generation system (Research on high-density linking technology); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system no jissho kenkyu (komitsudo renkei gijutsu no kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Taking a photovoltaic power generation system linked to distribution lines at high density as the object of discussion, investigative studies were performed on electric power quality, clarification of various problems including effects on operation and protection of distribution lines, the corrective measures thereof, and enhancement of power quality by utilizing inverters. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. In clarifying the problems associated with high-density linkage, discussions were given on possible amount of PV introduction into the distribution lines as seen from the electric performance aspect including power quality and safety. Placing the importance on identifying the current status of single operation preventing technologies, demonstrative discussions were given on the single operation preventing performance of commercially available inverters in testing 84 inverters operated in parallel by using the Rokko testing installation. In discussing the corrective measure technologies, development has been performed on a decentralized voltage stabilizing device based on injection of reactive power into high-voltage distribution lines as a measure to suppress voltage rise in the distribution lines. The reasonability of the fundamental characteristics thereof was verified by using the Akagi testing facilities. In addition, improved design was progressed on the two-step active prevention system. Commencement has taken place on verification of the reasonability of the fundamental characteristics and tests on parallel operation of multiple number of units. (NEDO)

FY 1998 Report on development of technologies for commercialization of photovoltaic power systems. International co-operative project (IEA implementing agreement for a co-operative programme on photovoltaic power systems); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu kokusai kyoryoku jigyo. IEA taiyoko hatsuden system kenkyu kyoryoku program jisshi kyotei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Described herein are outline of the International Energy Agency/Co-operative programme on Photovoltaic Power Systems (IEA/PVPS). Japan signed the IEA Implementing Agreement for a co-operative programme on Photovoltaic Power Systems in April 1993, and has been participating in the programme for research and development, demonstration, analysis, information exchange and introduction promotion, among others. This programme is managed by Executive Committee composed of the representatives, one nominated by each participating country, and each task is managed by each Operating Agency. There are 9 tasks (Tasks 1 to 9), and Executive Committee deliberates and approves the plans, and manages the progresses, budgetary plans and budgets for each task. IEA implementing agreement for a co-operative programme on PVPS, originally set effective for 5 years, has been extended for another 5 years to 2002, and the second phase activities have been started. The 9th to 11th Executive Committee meetings were held during the 1997-1998 period in Denmark, ROK, Spain, Austria and Australia, respectively. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use. International cooperation projects (Collection of information on IEA photovoltaic power generation program); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kokusai kyoryoku jigyo (IEA taiyoko hatsuden program ni kansuru joho shushu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Items of information were collected on development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use, the international cooperation projects, and the IEA photovoltaic power generation program. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. In the activities of IEA/REWP/PVPS in the current fiscal year, the 13th and 14th Executive Committee meetings, and the 3rd Executive Conference were held. The Task 1 has performed such activities as ISR, NSR, Newsletters, and opening the Internet homepage. The Task 2 activities included structuring about 260 databases for the operation characteristics of photovoltaic power generation systems, and completing the internal material handbooks on measurement and monitoring. A new work plan was prepared for the Task 3 regarding an independent photovoltaic power generation plant for use in an island. For the building integrated photovoltaic power generation system in the Task 7, survey activities were executed by utilizing expertise conferences on building designs, system technologies, and non-technical impediments. In the feasibility survey and research on large-scale photovoltaic power generation utilizing unused land such as desert for the Task 8, the programs were established. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1998. Evaluation and analysis of the collected data for the field tests on photovoltaic power generation systems for public facilities; 1998 nendo kokyo shisetsu nado yo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru shushu data hyoka kaiseki kenkyu hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The field tests on photovoltaic power generation systems for public facilities have begun in fiscal 1992 by NEDO. The systems including those under construction are installed in 116 sites. Analyses were given on 75 sites which have been operated up to fiscal 1996. Analyses of the operation characteristics were performed by using performance parameters derived by developing the basic expressions into each configuration element. For the insolation on slanted surface, the range from 3.0 to 4.5 kWh/m{sup 2}/D accounts for 65% of the total insolation. For the equivalent array operation time, the range from 2.5 to 4.0 h/D accounted for 81%. For the equivalent system operation time, the range from 9.0 to 12.0 h/D accounted for 85%. The range for inverter active efficiency from 0.84 to 0.96 accounted for 79%. The inverter load rate was accounted for 88% by 0.20 to 0.35. The output coefficient was accounted for 82% by 0.7 to 1.0 in the array, and 87% by 0.6 to 0.9 in the system. The power generation cost has decreased to 200 yen per kwh in fiscal 1995 from 340 yen per kwh in fiscal 1992, largely contributed by reduced installation cost. (NEDO)

Solar power generation test project at Sakata Nursery School (Oizumi town, Gunma prefecture); Sakata hoikuen taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo (Gunmaken Oizumimachi)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakamoto, M.

1997-05-30

The solar power generation system was installed in fiscal 1996 on a south-facing roof of the Sakata Nursery School`s building. It has a capacity of 10kW, is used as the power source for illumination and air-conditioning, and for driving computers for children and office devices. It will demonstrate applicability and reliability of the solar system, and is expected to promote expanded application of solar systems in the local district. It is a single-crystalline modular system, operated at -20 to 40degC and connected to the low-voltage power transmission line with reverse power flow. It consists of 70 modules, with an array configuration of 5 series, 5 parallel and 2 lines, and 5 series, 4 parallel and 1 line, directed to the due south at the angle of incidence of 20deg. The cell is 103 by 103mm in size, and 96 cells are connected in series. It has a conversion efficiency of 12.7%. The optimum working voltage and current are 45.6V and 3.29A, and the maximum output is 150W. 5 figs., 3 tabs.

Application of photovoltaic generating system to electric power in large ship; Taiyoko hatsuden system no ogata senpaku eno oyo ni kansuru kento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Katagi, T; Ogawa, S; Nishikawa, E; Hashimoto, T [Kobe University of Mercantile Marine, Kobe (Japan); Ishida, K

1996-10-27

This paper describes the design of electric power system in a ship with photovoltaic power generating system, to examine applicability of the photovoltaic power generating system to the inboard power source. It also discusses effectiveness of the system for sea environment. At first, the actual route of a car carrier, meteorological data, and quantity of power consumption were picked up from the deck logbook and engine logbook. Then, the installation area of photovoltaic arrays, the quantity of photovoltaic power generation derived from the quantity of solar radiation, and the capacities of batteries and inverters were calculated, to design the electric power system in the ship with photovoltaic power generation system. Moreover, the NOx and SOx emissions were compared between the present power system and the usual power system using diesel power generator, to discuss the effectiveness of the present system for sea environment. Consequently, it was found that the emission of NOx was reduced by about 33% and the emission of SOx was reduced by about 28% compared to the usual power system. The effectiveness for sea environment was confirmed. 9 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.

Examination of optimal data acquisition for evaluation of PV systems; Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka no tame no saiteki keisoku shuho no kento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugiyama, H; Kurokawa, K [Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo (Japan); Otani, K; Tsuda, I [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1996-10-27

A 70 kW-class photovoltaic (PV) power generation system of the Tsukuba Research Cooperation Center, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology was evaluated using hourly measurement data. Hourly solar irradiation, mean PV module temperature, hourly array generated power, hourly PV system generated power were selected as the measurement items, to examine the validity of measurement method. Furthermore, based on these measurement data, the loss factors were estimated, which reduce the system efficiency. They included the losses due to the shadow effect, the deterioration of module efficiency with the raise of temperature, the mismatch of tracking control of the maximum power point, and the reduction of inverter efficiency with the input power phenomena. To estimate these loss factors from hourly measurement data, the system was evaluated by defining characteristic parameters. As a result, it was found that the main factors were the shadow effect and the mismatch loss, which reduce the mean annual output factor of the system to 65%. 3 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of technology for commercialization of the photovoltaic power system - R and D of evaluation technology of the photovoltaic power system. Separate volume. R and D of the system evaluation technology (Data book on the photovoltaic power system); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu - Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu - System hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (Bessatsu : Taiyoko hatsuden system data shu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For the purpose of establishing the optimum design and optimum operation technology of various kinds of photovoltaic power system, data were collected to make a data book on various kinds of photovoltaic power system of which the future commercialization is expected. Included in this data book were the monthly report on operation data on demonstrative test facilities at the Hamamatsu site of JQA (Japan Quality Assurance Organization), daily graph of insolation/temperature, monthly graph of wind direction/wind velocity. Further, as the data on the residential use photovoltaic power system, data on the following were summed up: information on the site of installation of the residential use photovoltaic power system (photo information, the state of installation such as sites installed more in FY 2000, drawings of module arrangement and measuring point layout, etc.), daily report on operation (graph of daily trends, daily report by site, hourly report by site, daily report on all sites, hourly report on all sites), operation data and performance indices, list of troubles arising in the residential use photovoltaic power system, other system information about residential use measuring data, power generation characteristics and {alpha}{sub pmax} of residential use solar cell modules, etc. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power utilizing system and peripheral technologies (Research and development for enhancing reliability of photovoltaic power generation - Research on long-term reliability of inverter); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (taiyoko hatsuden no shinraisei kojo ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu - inverter no choki shinraisei no chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

In fiscal 1999, the power conditioner which is the primary component of a photovoltaic power system was subjected to an accelerated test, etc., for the evaluation of its durability. For the accelerated test, operating conditions were so set that acceleration be implemented according to Arrhenius' law at ambient temperature 40 degrees C and relative humidity 36%. For the operation of the power conditioner, it was so set that the operation duration be 3.5 hours with a rest time of 4.5 hours for the night or the like. In the accelerated test conducted as in the previous year, 1100 cycles were completed recording the maximum, equivalent to approximately 8-1/2 years according to Arrhenius' law. After the test, no life affecting changes were detected in specimen device A, B, or D. Specimen C, however, failed during the test. As for the evaluation of durability of components, the electrolytic capacitor in the power conditioner was named. Reliability related literature was investigated and a durability evaluation test was started, with consideration given to the voltage to apply and service temperature. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use (International cooperation project - collection of information on IEA photovoltaic power generation program); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kokusai kyoryoku jigyo (IEA taiyoko hatsuden program ni kansuru joho shushu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Research and development, verification, analysis and information exchange have been performed based on the 'Treaty to Execute the Research and Cooperation Program on Photovoltaic Power Generation System'. The IEA/REWP/PVPS activities in fiscal 1999 include the participation to the two executive committee meetings (Valencia and Sydney), and the subcommittee activities. The subcommittee activities are as follows: Task I: information exchange on and proliferation of the photovoltaic power generation systems, Task II: operation performance and design of the photovoltaic power generation systems, Task III: design and operation of the independent type and the island use power plants, Task VII: Building integrated photovoltaic power generation systems, Task VI, Sub-task 5: investigations and researches on possibility for photovoltaic power generation systems utilizing unutilized lands including deserts, and Task IX: technical cooperation to expand photovoltaic power generation system markets. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use (International cooperation project - collection of information on IEA photovoltaic power generation program); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kokusai kyoryoku jigyo (IEA taiyoko hatsuden program ni kansuru joho shushu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Research and development, verification, analysis and information exchange have been performed based on the 'Treaty to Execute the Research and Cooperation Program on Photovoltaic Power Generation System'. The IEA/REWP/PVPS activities in fiscal 1999 include the participation to the two executive committee meetings (Valencia and Sydney), and the subcommittee activities. The subcommittee activities are as follows: Task I: information exchange on and proliferation of the photovoltaic power generation systems, Task II: operation performance and design of the photovoltaic power generation systems, Task III: design and operation of the independent type and the island use power plants, Task VII: Building integrated photovoltaic power generation systems, Task VI, Sub-task 5: investigations and researches on possibility for photovoltaic power generation systems utilizing unutilized lands including deserts, and Task IX: technical cooperation to expand photovoltaic power generation system markets. (NEDO)

Prediction of velocity of the wind generation in Kobe City College of Technology; Kobe Kosen ni okeru furyoku hatsuden no yosoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Akamatsu, K; Kanemura, M; Amako, K

1997-11-25

Wind conditions, such as average wind velocity for 10 minutes, maximum instantaneous wind velocity and wind directions, are measured by the anemometer and anemoscope installed 3m above the roof of the Kobe City College of Technology`s Information Processing Center building, to collect the data necessary to validate possibility of wind power generation, if the wind system is installed in the college site. Monthly availability of power is estimated from the output power characteristics curve for a generator having a rated capacity of 200W and wind velocity data collected for 9 months. It will generate power of only 144kWh, even when operated to give the rated output, or approximately 8.5kWh at the highest in a month, because of availability of wind power limited to around 30% of the total as estimated from the relative frequency distribution. It is therefore desirable to install a number of units having a rated capacity of 200W or else a smaller number of larger units. Assuming that days that give the highest output for 24 hours last 1 month, a power of 54.3kWh will be generated. It is estimated, based on these results, that a hybrid unit, in which a wind power generator installed at a high place is combined with a solar unit, can provide power required for nighttime lighting, if a wind power unit having a rated capacity of 2kW is field-controlled under an optimum condition. 13 figs., 3 tabs.

Research and development of photovoltaic power system. Interface studies of amorphous silicon; Taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Amorphous silicon kaimen no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Konagai, M [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1994-12-01

This paper reports the result obtained during fiscal 1994 on research on interface of amorphous silicon for solar cells. In research on amorphous solar cells using ZnO for transparent electrically conductive films, considerations were given on a growth mechanism of a ZnO film using the MOCVD process. It was made clear that the ZnO film grows with Zn(OH)2 working as a film forming species. It was also shown that the larger the ZnO particle size is, the more the solar cell efficiency is improved. Furthermore, theoretical elucidation was made on effects of rear face of an interface on cell characteristics, and experimental discussions were given subsequently. In research on solar cells using hydrogen diluted `i` layers, delta-doped solar cells were fabricated based on basic data obtained in the previous fiscal year, and the hydrogen dilution effect was evaluated from the cell characteristics. When the hydrogen dilution ratio is increased from zero to one, the conversion efficiency has improved from 12.2% to 12.6%. In addition, experiments and discussions were given on solar cells fabricated by using SiH2Cl2. 9 figs.

Empirical analysis of consumer decision making processes on setting up residential photovoltaic systems; Jutakuyo taiyoko hatsuden system no donyu ni kansuru ishiki bunseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iuchi, M; Okawara, T; Tsuchiya, T [Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo (Japan); Konakayama, A [Tokai Univ., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-01

Inquiries are made to consumers (monitors) who own a photovoltaic power generation system at their houses, and their replies are analyzed for isolating the factors involving the purchase of this domestic power generating system. A large part of the monitors are 40-50 years old males in the relatively high income bracket. They are very interested in problems of global environments, resources, and energy, and are inclined to assume value-consciousness and life-style which encourage them to love health and nature, participation in social functions, and decision-making. The need for the protection of global environments occupies more than 90% of the reasons for their adoption of photovoltaic power generation. The monitors strongly feel, however, that they paid very much for the apparatus although they were granted some subsidies. As for motives for their acquisition of the system, their answers are categorized into four groups according to their responses as to whether (or not) they expect economic merits though dependent on future development and whether (or not) they accept the current energy policies. The result shows that some monitors think like average citizens. 17 refs., 22 figs., 11 tabs.

Photovoltaic power generation field test at Nisshin Techno-Center (Nisshin City, Aichi Prefecture); Nisshin tekuno center taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo (Aichiken Nisshinshi)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Otsuki, M. [Meitec Corp., Nagoya (Japan)

1997-05-30

A 20kW system is installed on the rooftop of a newly constructed building accommodating a study and training center and citizens` welfare facilities. The system in continuous operation under real loads (lighting, airconditioning) will provide various data useful in introducing further systems in the future and in verifying the effect of system installation cost reduction efforts. Single-crystal solar cells are used, which are located at latitude 35deg8prime north, longitude 137deg4prime east. The arrays are formed into two systems, 18 in series and 7 in parallel, and there are 252 modules. The arrays are inclined at 20deg and, in azimuth, swung 25deg westward from due south. The installation of this system forms a precedent, following which more may be introduced. Located in front of a station on Meitetsu Toyota Line, it advertises itself fully to the passengers getting on and off the train. Now that power consumption fluctuates very much in this district, heavy on Saturdays and Sundays and light in the daytime on weekdays, rare data not often available will be collected from this photovoltaic system. Since consideration space-wise has been fully made, visitors can study the photovoltaic system until they are satisfied, the system thus finding itself under conditions where advertisement can be effectively carried out. 14 figs., 1 tab.

Photovoltaic power generation field test at Kyodo Newspaper Co. Ltd. (Kakegawa city, Shizuoka prefecture); Kyodo shinbunsha taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo (Shizuokaken Kakegawashi)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Totsuka, T.

1997-05-30

Contents are reported of the fiscal 1996 field test of a photovoltaic power generation system installed on the roof surfaces of the parking lot of the above-named newspaper company. The system is used to supply power to the lights in the company office and to a light sign tower for local activities promotion (erected jointly by cities and towns in the neighborhood). It is a 10kW plant operating on system interconnection, provided with an array of 9-series/11-parallel configuration facing due south and inclined at an elevation angle of 15deg. It is so designed that solar cell mounts are installed on two roof surfaces so that space will be secured for the parking lot. The above-mentioned LED-aided light sign tower serves the purpose of informing people of photovoltaic power generation technology and the culture, history, and industry of the local communities involved. Basic data have been collected usable for standardizing the design for example of the mount for the establishment of guidelines for reduction in the system construction cost. Data have been also obtained that will help make propositions about the effective utilization of dead space outdoors. Since the system is installed making use of roof surfaces without affecting parking lot capacity, people`s understanding of the technology has been deepened and data of long-term operation following the experimental introduction and troubles have been collected, all these helping encourage the introduction of photovoltaic power generation

Improvement of adaptive fuzzy control for a photovoltaic/wind/diesel generating system; Taiyoko/furyoku/diesel hatsuden system no saitekigata fuzzy seigyo no kairyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nagaike, H; Kenmoku, Y; Sakakibara, T [Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi (Japan); Nakagawa, S [Maizuru National College of Technology, Kyoto (Japan); Kawamoto, T [Shizuoka University, Shizuoka (Japan).Faculty of Engineering

1996-10-27

The photovoltaic/wind/diesel generating system that uses a storage battery as auxiliary power has been proposed to supply power from the system to the independent area. In this system, it is important to generate no insufficient power from the viewpoint of effective energy utilization and minimize the fuel consumption of a diesel generator. Authors have proposed the adaptive fuzzy control that changes the shape of the membership function of input variables according to the parameter indicating the system state. However, a parameter was rapidly changed in the conventional method. This badly influences the control. Therefore, the way to determine the parameter that indicates the state of this system was improved. Assume that an input value is set to the average value between a certain point of time and the {Delta}t time as the method for determining a parameter. If the {Delta}t value is lower, the change in a membership function is more effective. As a result, a greater fuel reduction effect was obtained. 4 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

FY 2001 study report on the evaluation/analysis of the data collected in the field test project on the photovoltaic power generation for public facilities, etc.; 2001 nendo kenkyu seika hokokusho. Kokyo shisetsu you taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru shushu data hyoka kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-03-01

As a field test project on the photovoltaic power generation, collection/analysis/evaluation of the operational data were made about photovoltaic power systems installed at 73 places in FY 2001. As to the analysis of deterioration with age and yearly changes of the system, analysis was made of operation hours of the equivalent system, system output coefficient and inverter performance efficiency in FY 1999, FY 2000 and FY 2001, and it was confirmed that there was few deterioration with age. Relating to the evaluation of reliability of the system, evaluation was made for the record of failures of photovoltaic power systems at 73 places, and the results were not very good as follows: average failure cycle: 1.06 y/system; average failure repair period: 14.9 d/system; rough opportunity loss electric energy: 81,548 kWh/y x 73 sites. Concerning the analysis of economical efficiency, the system cost decreased year by year to 1,102,000 yen/kW in FY 1997, and the power generation cost became 91.8 yen/kWh. The fund recovery year was 35.3 years, assuming the following: unit price of selling electricity: 15 yen/kWh, durable years: 20 years, and public subsidiary rate: 1/2. (NEDO)

FY 1997 evaluation/analysis by site of the data collected in the field test project for photovoltaic power generation for public facilities. 3/3; Kokyo shisetsunadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru shushu data hyoka kaiseki kaku site betsu (1997 nendo). 3/3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-07-01

The data were collected on field tests of the photovoltaic power generation. The items of measurement are horizontal insolation intensity, inclined insolation intensity, effective inclined insolation intensity, average temperature, array electric energy, system electric energy, load electric energy, system supply load, back flow electric energy, interconnected protective movement, disconnection hour, system operating hour, independent operation load, independent supply load, equivalent array operation, equivalent system operation, array output coefficient, system output coefficient, system utilization rate, system power generation efficiency, INV effective efficiency, INV load factor, etc. The number of places for measurement is 27 including the following: Environmental Science Research Institute, Utatsu-cho Municipal Office, Ginga-gakuin Junior High School, New Energy Business Coop, Nisshin Techno Center, Shikoku Medicom Co., Miyosawa Kinoko-en, Takasaki City Welfare Vocational School, Madama Junior High School, Hitoo Junior High School, Koshien-gakuin Junior/Senior High School, Sansei Technical Research Development Center, Mitsui Greenland, DHI Mach head office/plant, Nabeya Ueno Water Purification Plant, Hoo Senior High School, National Agricultural Resource Research Center, etc. (NEDO)

FY 1998 evaluation/analysis by site of the data collected in the field test project for photovoltaic power generation for public facilities. 4/4; 1998 nendo kokyo shisetsu nadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru shushu data hyoka kaiseki kaku site betsu. 4/4

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

The data items are horizontal insolation intensity, inclined insolation intensity, effective inclined insolation intensity (each unit: kWh/m{sup 2}), average temperature, array power energy, system power energy, system consumption power, load power energy, system supply load, and back flow power energy (each unit: kWh). Besides, the number of interconnected protective movement, disconnection hour (minute), system operating hour (minute), independent operating load, independent supply load (each unit: kWh), equivalent array operating hour, equivalent system operating hour, array/system output coefficient, system utilization rate/power generation rate, INV effective efficiency, and INV load factor. The objects of field tests are government office (joint office building, etc.), school (college, high school, elementary school, etc.), the Shinkansen Kyoto Station, health/welfare facilities (health facilities for the elderly, welfare center, etc.), hospital, industrial experimental station, training facilities (exhibition training facilities, etc.), broadcasting facilities, etc. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 report of research on the analysis and evaluation on data collected in project of field test of photovoltaic power generation for public and other facilities; 2000 nendo kokyo shisetsunadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru shushu data hyoka kaiseki kenkyu hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For the purpose of promoting photovoltaic power generation, analysis and evaluation were conducted on the data of the project of the field test in public facilities for example. This paper describes the fiscal 2000 results. The equivalent array operation time was 2.98 h/day and, by multiplying it by the output of the standard test condition, a generated output was obtained. The system generating efficiency was 0.102 while the inverter energy efficiency was 0.917 on the average. The average array performance ratio was 0.778 and the system performance ratio was 0.714. The analysis on cost effectiveness of the installed systems has an important bearing upon the future introduction, promotion and development. The power generating cost (the annual cost was calculated as the sum of the capital cost, the direct cost, and the administrative expenses) decreased as the installation year progressed, with the average at the sites installed in fiscal 1997 at 93 yen/kWh. The system cost (calculated by dividing the construction cost by the array capacity) also decreased as the installation year became more recent. The annual maintenance cost showed a wide range from 500 yen to 30,000 yen/kW. Answers from the sites that the systems were running smoothly were 38 to 45%, while those that trouble occurrence was frequent were 2.4% on the generating systems and 12.9% on the measuring systems. (NEDO)

FY 1997 evaluation/analysis by site of the data collected in the field test project for photovoltaic power generation for public facilities. 1/3; Kokyo shisetsunadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru shushu data hyoka kaiseki kaku site betsu (1997 nendo). 1/3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

The data on field tests of the photovoltaic power generation were collected. The items for survey were as follows: horizontal insolation intensity, inclined insolation intensity, effective inclined insolation intensity, average temperature, array electric energy, system electric energy, load electric energy, system supply load, back flow electric energy, interconnected protective movement, disconnection hour, system operation hour, independent operation load, independent supply load, equivalent array operation, equivalent system operation, array output coefficient, system output coefficient, system utilization rate, system charging efficiency, INV effective efficiency, INV load factor, etc. The number of the places for survey is 37 including the following: Hikarigaoka Park of Sakata City, Koiwai Plant of Koiwai Dairy Product Co., Kameoka Ayumi Nursely School, Ichinoseki I-DOME, Okano Park, Kuriyama Park Health Sports Center, Mejiro University, Tokyo Hikarigaoka Sports Facilities, Regional Community Center, Yokohama Tobu Joint Purchase Center, Taemi-so Nursing Care Center for the Elderly, Uemichi School Meal Providing Center, Okayama Prefectural Office, Oita Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Kanagawa Industrial Technology Research Center Institute, etc. (NEDO)

FY 1999 research report on the evaluation/analysis of the data collected in the field test project for the photovoltaic power system for public facility use; 1999 nendo kokyo shisetsu nadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru shushu data hyoka kaiseki kenkyu hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

In this research, the photovoltaic power system is experimentally installed at various facilities (public facilities such as public hall, school and museum), and operated on a long term basis under the actual loads. Various kinds of data are collected/analyzed and used as the data useful for the full-scale introduction and spread. The photovoltaic power generation field test project for public facilities using the photovoltaic power system was started in FY 1992 by NEDO. Systems at 116 sites started operation by FY 1996, and in FY 1997 systems were installed at a total of 70 sites. The paper outlined the project and described the results of the collection/analyses of the operational data obtained at 145 sites where systems were installed from FY 1995 to FY 1997. The term of analysis in FY 1999 was made from April 1999 to December 1999, being different from usual, to avoid the Y2K problem on data collecting software, measuring use personal computer, etc. Further, since there are no sites where no systems were newly installed in and after FY 1998, there are no analyses of economical efficiency in and after FY 1999. The paper indicated a list of all the sites with system installation in FY 1995-1997 including the main items. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power utilizing system and peripheral technologies (Research and development for enhancing reliability of photovoltaic power generation - Research on environmental measures for compound solar cell modules); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (taiyoko hatsuden no shinraisei kojo ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu - kagobutsu taiyo denchi module no kankyo taisaku no chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Research is conducted to properly deal with environmental problems, such as compromised solar cell safety, which may follow the mass introduction and diffusion of photovoltaic power systems. In the research of fiscal 1999 on technical literature on environmental measures against lead and animal tests, a need was found to reduce lead in power systems and to grasp lead elution characteristics for the establishment of environmental measures. In a safety test conducted for thin-film CIS (copper indium diselenide) based solar cells, basic data were collected about the vaporization rate of Se, the effect of moisture on the Se vaporization rate, etc. Basic data were also collected about the relationship between the combustion temperature and the amount of scattered lead in particular from the solder used as the conducting material in silicon based solar cells. In the evaluation of the environmental impact of thin-film CIS solar cells in case of fire, it was found that Se concentration below 10-20m in the plume was near the permissible concentration of 0.1mg/m{sup 3} as recommended by Japan Society for Occupational Health and that the concentration levels predicted for the periphery were two orders of magnitude smaller than the mandatory level. (NEDO)

FY 1998 report on the results of the New Sunshine Project - Development of the commercialization technology of the photovoltaic power system. Verification study of the photovoltaic power system - Research on engineering methods for cost effective PV installation (Data book. Survey of examples of PV systems in the world); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system no jissho kenkyu (tashu secchi koho no kenkyu kaihatsu (bessatsu data shu sekai no taiyoko hatsuden system jirei chosa))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

For the purpose of promoting installations of PV system and making use of the unused space for which a rise in the PV demand equal to that in houses, building roofs, etc. is expected, examination/research for much newer forms of land installation are proceeded with, and evaluation/verification of reliability/durability are conducted of new installation processes using thin film solar cells, adhesives, etc. In this fiscal year, for the purpose of contributing to the study to be widely made on various installation processes, the actual survey was conducted of various applications of the system which are being planned and introduced in Japan and abroad. Emphasis was placed on making new forms of installation applicable to Japan clear. Concretely, in addition to the study of new examples, the following were conducted: renewal of existing details of the survey, and electronic filing of system block charts/pictures as a key to the information supply by electronic media such as CD-ROM. Also conducted was a study for translating the contents into English or writing them both in Japanese and English. Further, the database was made newer using these results of the most up-to-date survey, and at the same time, the results were indicated of the statistical analysis of the usage, system form, power generation scale and element equipment of various systems. (NEDO)

Sunshine Program-assisted project achievement report for fiscal 1981 on the development of technologies for photovoltaic power system practical application. Development of photovoltaic power generation demonstration system (Research and development for schoolhouses); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden demonstration system kaihatsu (gakkoyo system no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

Power generated by solar cells complying with NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) specifications is stored in a storage battery or is converted into AC power in a DC-AC converter for interconnection with a commercial power system, and then supplied to loads in schoolhouses. The system operates independently when the commercial power system is out. Basic plans and primary specifications had been determined, basic modules experimentally built, tested, and part of their details designed, all these up to fiscal 1980. In fiscal 1981, system design details are drawn, housetops are examined for installation, and problems that may entail installation are checked. A system data accumulation unit comes into operation for data collection. A system simulator is developed and constructed and the solar cell is checked for performance. Model arrays are built and subjected to a combination tests, when the effect of shade is also investigated. A charge control unit, high-efficiency GTO (gate turned-off) thyristor DC-AC converter, and a protection circuit in preparation for interconnection are developed, and experimentally constructed. In fiscal 1982, 20kW solar cells will be installed and schoolhouse systems will come into service operation. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use. International cooperation projects (Collection of information on Task 9 in IEA photovoltaic power generation program); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kokusai kyoryoku jigyo (IEA taiyoko hatsuden program task IX ni kansuru joho shushu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This paper reports activities performed by the Task 9 in the execution treaty of the IEA photovoltaic power generation system program. The Task 9 calls for the 'proliferation of photovoltaic power generation technologies under coordination with developing countries{sup .} It is intended to compile the recommendation guides, hold workshops in the model developing countries, and coordinate with assisting organizations on technological and economical issues that may occur when introducing photovoltaic power generation systems into developing countries. The current fiscal year is the first year of the five-year plan, whereas, with structuring the basic plan placed in the center, such activities were carried out as verification of the 12 member countries and two organizations, establishment of the basic programs for the work plan, selection of work divisions, the sharing thereof, and the subjected developing countries, and the way the coordination should be with the related tasks and the assisting organizations. Two expertise conferences were held in Holland and America, and three working group meetings in Japan to have discussed the activity targets in the first fiscal year. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Research and development of photovoltaic system evaluation technology (Research and development of system evaluation technology); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

In relation with several types of standard photovoltaic power generation systems expected to be put to practical use, design parameters are quantified, databases are utilized, and simulation technologies are developed, while collecting data from test facilities constructed to simulate them, for the development of evaluation techniques indispensable for the efficient improvement of photovoltaic power generation systems. In fiscal 1998, data were collected from verification test facilities and residential photovoltaic systems sited across Japan. The collected data were subjected to analysis and simulation, by which correction factors were calculated for smudge, spectral response, incident radiation, and temperature. Furthermore, load matching factors and storage battery contribution rates were calculated by simulation for the stand-alone photovoltaic systems sited in five Japanese cities, each comprising an array, storage battery, charge/discharge controller, DC-DC converter, and a load. Reference is also made to a survey of trends of technology development. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in technological development in fiscal 1999. Development of technology to put photovoltaic power generation system into practical use (Research and development of high reliability storage batteries for photovoltaic power generation use); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Kenkyu kaihatsu kanri (taiyoko hatsuden'yo chikudenchi kaihatsu bukai)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-05-01

Storage batteries used in household photovoltaic systems must be free of electrolyte leakage and maintenance, and be readily installable in residential houses. Lead-acid batteries that can meet these requirements and have been put into practical use may include the sealed storage batteries. However, these batteries currently in use have drawbacks in life performance and price. Therefore, development is under way on lead-acid batteries for household photovoltaic systems by improving said sealed lead-acid batteries. The targeted batteries should have as long life as passing 3,000 cycles under a condition of 0.1 to 1 CA discharge (at depth of discharge of 50%), energy density of more than 70 Wh per liter, and cost of 12 yen or lower per watt-hour. A prototype battery as the final candidate was fabricated, that uses silica powder as the electrolyte retainer (silica powder filled between plates, and into clearance between plate groups), pasted plates made of expanded metal grids for positive plates, and micro conductive network plates with increased addition amount of carbon to micro active material (PbO{sub 2}) as negative plates. Life performance testes thereon are being performed. This lead-acid battery is estimated to be capable of satisfying the intended performance based on the result of discussions having been made so far. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use. International cooperation projects (Collection of information on Task 9 in IEA photovoltaic power generation program); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kokusai kyoryoku jigyo (IEA taiyoko hatsuden program task IX ni kansuru joho shushu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This paper reports activities performed by the Task 9 in the execution treaty of the IEA photovoltaic power generation system program. The Task 9 calls for the 'proliferation of photovoltaic power generation technologies under coordination with developing countries{sup .} It is intended to compile the recommendation guides, hold workshops in the model developing countries, and coordinate with assisting organizations on technological and economical issues that may occur when introducing photovoltaic power generation systems into developing countries. The current fiscal year is the first year of the five-year plan, whereas, with structuring the basic plan placed in the center, such activities were carried out as verification of the 12 member countries and two organizations, establishment of the basic programs for the work plan, selection of work divisions, the sharing thereof, and the subjected developing countries, and the way the coordination should be with the related tasks and the assisting organizations. Two expertise conferences were held in Holland and America, and three working group meetings in Japan to have discussed the activity targets in the first fiscal year. (NEDO)

Research and development of photovoltaic power system. Optimization of bandgap of chalcopyrite semiconductors; Taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Kinseitaihaba no saitekika no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Konagai, M [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1994-12-01

This paper reports the result obtained during fiscal 1994 on research on research on optimization of bandgap in thin film compound solar cells. In research on Cu(InGa)Se2 thin film solar cells by using a gas phase selenide making process, discussions were given on optimizing the following three processes: a process to raise temperature of a precursor film formed at a substrate temperature of about 150{degree}C, a selenide making process to perform annealing at about 500{degree}C, and a temperature reducing process. Good characteristics were obtained when selenium amount in the precursor is about 50%. In a bandgap control viewpoint, it was found that the conversion efficiency decreases rapidly when Ga composition is higher than 50%. A conversion efficiency of 14.9% was obtained to date at the Ga/(In+Ga) ratio of 0.4. In research on Cu(InGa)Se2 thin film solar cells by using a simultaneous deposition method, a conversion efficiency of 13.5% was obtained at a bandgap width of about 1.3 eV during research on manufacturing ZnO/CdS/Cu(InGa)Se2 thin film solar cells by using the simultaneous deposition method. Research has been carried out on manufacturing Cu(InGa)Se2 thin film solar cells using ZnSe interface layers. 8 figs.

Preparation of meteorological data (METPV) which is useful to simulate output from PV systems; Taiyoko hatsuden system no simulation yo data METPV no seibi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Itagaki, A; Iida, H [Japan Weather Association, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-27

Studies are under way for the nation-wide buildup of a network of METPV data, new standard meteorological data resembling the HASP data, for the time-based simulation of the output of photovoltaic power generation systems. There is a method of preparing hourly data covering a long period of time for computer processing for the determination of the average hourly power generation level, which, however, will be unrealistic because of the enormity of calculation work involved. Hence: the concept of standardized meteorological data, which involves the specification of typical years after examining the data covering a long period and the preparation of the data of the years for computer processing. In the METPV setup, three types of data are prepared: data for the year of the average insolation, data for the year of insufficient insolation, and data for the year of excess insolation. Next, for each of the twelve months, the year of the average insolation is found. When the twelve pieces of data for the twelve months (of different years) are combined, an artificially constructed year results, with each of the twelve months having the average insolation. A technique has been developed for smoothing the discontinuity between the months. Forty observation spots were built in fiscal 1995, and 150 spots will have been prepared across the country by the end of fiscal 1996. 6 refs., 4 figs.

Fiscal 1996 research report on the PV power generation field test project for public facilities. Evaluation and analysis of collected data for every site (1/2); 1996 nendo kokyo shisetsu nadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru shushu data hyoka kaiseki. Kaku site betsu (1/2)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

As a part of the PV power generation field test project, this report summarizes the monthly collected data for every site in fiscal 1996. The test sites include various public facilities such as park, school, university, museum, Shinkansen platform, laboratory, technical center, training building, local governmental hotel, health athletic center, community center, joint purchase center, consumers' cooperative (CO-OP), school meals provision center, prefectural office building, police station garage, water purification plant, general disaster prevention center, and health center. Collected data items are as follows: total solar irradiation (kWh/m{sup 2}), average air temperature, array power, system power, load power, power system supply load, reverse power flow, self supply load (kWh for every item), system disinterconnection time (min), system operation time (min), equivalent array/system operation time, array/system performance ratio, system use factor, system generation efficiency, effective inverter efficiency, and inverter load factor. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 research report on the PV power generation field test project for public facilities. Evaluation and analysis of collected data for every site (2/3); 1997 nendo kokyo shisetsu nadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru shushu data hyoka kaiseki. Kaku site betsu (2/3)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

As a part of the PV power generation field test project, this report summarizes the monthly collected data for every site in fiscal 1996. Collected data items are as follows: horizontal/total/effective solar irradiation (kWh/m{sup 2}), average air temperature, array power, system power, load power, power system supply load, reverse power flow (kWh for every item), power system protective operation frequency, system disinterconnection time (min), system operation time (min), self-operation load, self-supply load, equivalent array/system operation time, array/system performance ratio, system use factor, system generation efficiency, effective inverter efficiency, and inverter load factor. The test sites include various public facilities such as doctor's office, newspaper office, general building for public corporations, primary school, hot water pool, health center, public hall, town/ward office, water purification plant, consumers' cooperative (CO-OP), university, high school, technical center, training center, nursery school, kindergarten, and nursing home for the aged. (NEDO)

FY 1999 Evaluation and analysis of the data collected by the field test project for photovoltaic power generation in public facilities. By site (1/3); 1999 nendo kokyo shisetsu nadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru shushu data hyoka kaiseki. 1/3. Kaku site betsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-07-01

Described herein are the results of evaluation and analysis of the data (management nos.701 to 814) collected by the field test project for photovoltaic power generation in a total of 45 facilities, mainly public. Each system is operated for 30 to 31 days every month. A total of 23 items of the data described below are recorded every day, and totaled up, averaged and evaluated for effectiveness at the end of the month: solar radiation on a horizontal, sloped and effective sloped plane, average air temperature, array electric energy, system electric energy, system power consumption, load electric energy, load for supplying power to a network, electric energy of reversed flow, linkage protection actions, linkage parallel off time, system operation time, self-sustaining load, load of voluntary supply, equivalent array operation, equivalent system operation, array output coefficient, system output coefficient, system utilization, system power generation efficiency, INV effective efficiency, and INV load factor. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of commercialization technology of the photovoltaic power system. Demonstrative study of the photovoltaic power system (Study of the high density connection technology); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu - Taiyoko hatsuden system no jissho kenkyu (Komitsudo renkei gijutsu no kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For the photovoltaic power system connected to the distribution line in high density, study was made in terms of the power quality, elucidation of the effect on operation/protection of the distribution line and the measures to be taken, improvement of power quality using inverter, etc., and the FY 2000 results were summed up. In this fiscal year, the results of the research made in four years were arranged, and at the same time, the theoretical analysis, verification test, etc. that were necessary for summarization of the research results were carried out. As to various kinds of technology for the measures to be taken, the following were conducted: study of the effect on the rise in voltage of the distribution line, development of the dispersed control type voltage stabilization method, test on characteristics of individual operation of the inverter on the market, simulation analysis of characteristics of the continuous individual operation, development of the high reliability individual operation prevention method, verification study of the environmental adaptability, etc. As a technology for improving utility value of the photovoltaic power generation, a high function inverter was developed which conducts not only the dc-ac conversion, but the smoothing of generating output/load variations and load higher harmonics/reactive power compensation. At the Rokko testing facilities, test was made of the parallel operation (5 units) of the pole transformer. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power generation system evaluation technology (Research and development of system evaluation technology); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Research and development is conducted for the acquisition of a system evaluation technique for predicting the performance of standard photovoltaic power systems and evaluation technologies applicable to residential photovoltaic power systems different from each other in terms of tilt and direction, district, solar cell type, etc. In fiscal 1999, using data collected from the Hamamatsu field test facilities and residential photovoltaic power systems installed across Japan, various design parameters, such as the irregularity compensation coefficient, temperature compensation coefficient, and the incidence compensation coefficient were determined, and, using the parameters as the secondary estimation values, design parameters were updated. In the development of simulation technologies, basic studies were made about the shadow compensation coefficient, spectral response fluctuation compensation coefficient, and the composition of polyhedral arrays. Moreover, studies were made about the estimation of large area insolation, based on the horizontal surface insolation data collected at 21 sites of residential photovoltaic power systems in the Kanto district. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of commercialization technology of the photovoltaic power system. International cooperation project (Collection of the information on the IEA photovoltaic power generation program); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu kokusai jigyo kyoryoku (IEA taiyoko hatsuden program ni kansuru joho shushu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Based on 'the Implementing agreement for a research cooperation project on the photovoltaic power system' being promoted by IEA, collection of the information on the photovoltaic power system was made, and the FY 2000 results were summarized. In Task I: Exchange of the information on the photovoltaic power system and the spread, the final report on 'the study on added values of PV system' was made. In Task II: Operational performance and design of the photovoltaic power system and subsystem, specifications for new database were determined, and the existing data were checked/revised/added. In Task III: Design and operation of the stand-alone type and remote island use photovoltaic power plant, survey was conducted of the present situation of technical standards and quality guarantee. In Task 7: Photovoltaic power system integrated with construction materials, work was done for making a book of installation samples of the PV system integrated with construction materials in each country. In Task 8: Investigative study of possibilities of the large-scale photovoltaic power generation using the unused land such as desert, a report making of the secondary survey was started. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of commercialization technology of the photovoltaic power system. International cooperation project (Collection of the information on the IEA photovoltaic power generation program); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu kokusai jigyo kyoryoku (IEA taiyoko hatsuden program ni kansuru joho shushu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Based on 'the Implementing agreement for a research cooperation project on the photovoltaic power system' being promoted by IEA, collection of the information on the photovoltaic power system was made, and the FY 2000 results were summarized. In Task I: Exchange of the information on the photovoltaic power system and the spread, the final report on 'the study on added values of PV system' was made. In Task II: Operational performance and design of the photovoltaic power system and subsystem, specifications for new database were determined, and the existing data were checked/revised/added. In Task III: Design and operation of the stand-alone type and remote island use photovoltaic power plant, survey was conducted of the present situation of technical standards and quality guarantee. In Task 7: Photovoltaic power system integrated with construction materials, work was done for making a book of installation samples of the PV system integrated with construction materials in each country. In Task 8: Investigative study of possibilities of the large-scale photovoltaic power generation using the unused land such as desert, a report making of the secondary survey was started. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. Research on solar energy utilization systems (photovoltaic power generation); Taiyo energy riyo system chosa kenkyu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-03-01

This report summarizes the research result on the guide for developing solar cells. The report includes (1) standard measurement method for solar cells, (2) system configuration and installation site, (3) optimum design and profitability of solar cells and (4) raw materials and pollution prevention. In the 1st research, study was made on the standard for solar radiation intensity, the definition and measurement methods for spectral profiles, and the measurement conditions for solar cells. In the 2nd research, study was made on various basic data for the scale of photovoltaic power systems. In the 3rd research, since it is necessary to obtain characteristics of solar cells with any profiles of physical constants such as impurity, minority carrier life and mobility by simulation of solar cell actions, research was made on the measurement method of minority carrier lives by using a prepared computer program. Technical and economical comparisons were also made between Si solar cells with various structures. In the 4th research, survey was made on various data for compound semiconductors, and study was made on industrial waste pollution. (NEDO)

Economical effect of introducing a photovoltaic system on future electric power system; Shorai no denryoku keito eno taiyoko hatsuden system donyu ni yoru keizaiteki eikyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Akata, N.; Kenmoku, Y.; Sakakibara, T. [Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi (Japan); Kawamoto, T. [Shizuoka University, Shizuoka (Japan); Nakagawa, S. [Maizuru National College of Technology, Kyoto (Japan)

1997-11-25

Economic impact of introduction in the future of photovoltaic power generation (PV) systems into the commercial power system is discussed from the electric utilities` point of view. In the discussion, future demand for power is predicted from the demand for power in the base year, and the optimum power source configuration corresponding to the future demand and power generation curve are worked out by use of linear programming. Then, the fixed cost and variable cost are calculated for each of the power source components, and then the expected reduction in cost per unit of power generated is calculated. As the power sources, the hydroelectric, pumped storage, oil-fired, coal-fired, LNG-fired, combined cycle, and atomic technologies are considered. The conclusion is stated below. Upon introduction of PV power equivalent to 10% of the maximum demand power, the maximum power in the service area of Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc., will be reduced by 1.23GW in 2025, and the yearly demand power by 5472GWh. Since PV lowers the peak, an increased number of power sources low in variable cost will be used although such will be low in tracking capability. An increase in power demand will enhance the cost reducing effect of the PV system. 5 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

Data book on new energy technology development in FY 1997. Photovoltaic (PV) power generation; Shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa. Taiyoko hatsuden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

For the purpose of understanding the present status of photovoltaic power system (PVPS) and supporting its promotion, various data were collected. The significance of adopting PV power technology was specified for customers of various levels, such as nation, local communities, industries and individual households, to clarify the CO2 reduction effect and energy pay-back time. Data illustrate the solar cell production according to region, cell types, industries, applications, production value, and market price. Policies for PVPS in industrial countries were compared with those in Japan. Distribution of PVPS in various countries was compared with that in Japan in respect to installations and purposes of the introduction of PVPS. Financial aid programs such as subsidies, tax benefits and loans for the installation of PVPS in Japan were listed. The trend of PV-related budget of MITI was shown with every project`s description. Steps of introducing PVPS from plan to installation were depicted in the form of flow chart. Were shown measures sponsored by the government or local organizations to promote PVPS. Domestic and foreign firms related to PVPS including PV module suppliers, and PV installation contractors were listed

FY1999 technological development of wind power generation systems for islands. Development of wind power generation systems in islands; 1999 nendo ritoyo furyoku hatsuden system nado gijutsu kaihatsu. Rito ni okeru furyoku hatsuden system no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

With an objective of developing wind power generation systems that suit small to medium size islands in Japan, conceptual design was made on a 100-kW class wind mill to satisfy such requirements as no need of large heavy machines, and gust resisting performance. Investigations were performed on sites suitable for demonstration tests thereof. This paper reports the achievements in fiscal 1999. In investigating the site location feasibilities, which took small to medium size islands in Okinawa Prefecture as the discussion objects, environmental investigation, wind condition forecast and investigation, and system linkage investigation were carried out, whereas one point each in three islands were extracted as the promising sites. The system discussion and design called for wind velocity resistance of 80 m/s, system linkage percentage of 40% at maximum, power generation cost of 20 yen per kWh, design life of 20 years, constructability of requiring no large heavy machines, and operation mode of diesel hybrid use. Along with these specifications, conceptual design was performed on the system constituting elements, such as wind mill blades, generators, electric power control devices, and towers. In the blade aerodynamic test, wind tunnel tests were executed by using three types of blade wings. Sample blades were fabricated for the preparation of blade material tests. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of commercialization technology of the photovoltaic power system. International cooperation project (IEA photovoltaic power generation program - Collection of the information on Task IX); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu kokusai jigyo kyoryoku (IEA taiyoko hatsuden program task IX ni kansuru joho shushu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Based on 'the Implementing agreement for a research cooperation project on the photovoltaic power system' being promoted by IEA, collection of the information was made on Task IX: Promotion of the effective spread of the PV technology in developing countries, and the FY 2000 results were summarized. In Task IX, for technical/economic subjects in introducing the PV system to developing countries, a commendable/practical guide using the experiences having been gained was to be arranged. Also, workshop was to be opened in developing countries as model, and cooperation was to be promoted with international organizations such as the Bank of the World. In this fiscal year, two meetings of specialists (abroad) and four sectional meetings of operation (in Japan) were held. This fiscal year was the second year of the 5-year plan. The standard for selecting developing countries as model was studied, and a draft of the commendable/practical guide was made and discussed in the meeting of specialists. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for Fiscal 2000. International cooperative project for developing photovoltaic power system practicalization technology (International Energy Agency (IEA)/Cooperative Program on Photovoltaic Power Systems (PVPS) implementing agreement - Executive committee meeting); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijustu kaihatsu kokusai kyoryoku jigyo (IEA taiyoko hatsuden system kenkyu kyoryoku program jisshi kyotei shikko iinkai)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Cooperative endeavors of research and development, verification, analysis, information exchange, introduction acceleration, etc., were exerted through participation in the above-said PVPS program. At the 15th PVPS executive committee meeting held in this fiscal year, reconsideration was made about the commencement of new tasks, change of OAs (operating agents), change of participating countries, etc., whose current state was not correctly reflected in the existing implementation agreement. At the 16th PVPS executive committee meeting, discussions were made and conclusions were reached that the next executive committee meeting decide whether to change the chairman, that deliberation be made in 2003 to decide whether to hold the 4th IEA/PVPS executive conference in Japan, that the assessment of each of the tasks be carried out in fiscal 2001, and that Task I conduct studies about market implementation for the fruits of the research-centered activities in the past to hit the market, etc. Workshop meetings were held, where Australia, France, Italy, and Japan reported their PVPS research, development, and popularization efforts. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of commercialization technology of the photovoltaic power system. International cooperation project (IEA photovoltaic power generation program - Collection of the information on Task IX); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu kokusai jigyo kyoryoku (IEA taiyoko hatsuden program task IX ni kansuru joho shushu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Based on 'the Implementing agreement for a research cooperation project on the photovoltaic power system' being promoted by IEA, collection of the information was made on Task IX: Promotion of the effective spread of the PV technology in developing countries, and the FY 2000 results were summarized. In Task IX, for technical/economic subjects in introducing the PV system to developing countries, a commendable/practical guide using the experiences having been gained was to be arranged. Also, workshop was to be opened in developing countries as model, and cooperation was to be promoted with international organizations such as the Bank of the World. In this fiscal year, two meetings of specialists (abroad) and four sectional meetings of operation (in Japan) were held. This fiscal year was the second year of the 5-year plan. The standard for selecting developing countries as model was studied, and a draft of the commendable/practical guide was made and discussed in the meeting of specialists. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for Fiscal 2000. International cooperative project for developing photovoltaic power system practicalization technology (International Energy Agency (IEA)/Cooperative Program on Photovoltaic Power Systems (PVPS) implementing agreement - Task 1); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijustu kaihatsu kokusai kyoryoku jigyo (IEA taiyoko hatsuden system kenkyu kyoryoku program jisshi kyotei task 1)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Fiscal 2000 participation in the above-named program is reported. At the Task 1 meeting of experts, electric power application in the participating countries was taken up and information was exchanged concerning the technical, economical, and environmental facets of photovoltaic power generation, efforts were made to disseminate the technology to non-participating countries, and coordination was established between the Tasks. For the preparation and publication of the ISR (International Survey Report), Japan would prepare and submit its NSR (National Survey Report) on Japan's photovoltaics-related policies, amounts of introduction and production, etc. The ISR was to be compiled by technical writers based on the NSRs submitted by the countries involved, to be bound into a book by September after supervision by the Task 1 staff and the executive committee. As for Market Implementation, it would be compiled under the leadership of Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Japan. An added-value workshop was held at Glasgow, the United Kingdom, in May 2000 with the participation of 53 representing 14 countries. (NEDO)

FY 1998 report on the results of the New Sunshine Project - Development of the commercialization technology of the photovoltaic power system. Verification study of the photovoltaic power system - Research on engineering methods for cost effective PV installation; 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system no jissho kenkyu (tashu secchi koho no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

For the purpose of promoting installations of PV system and making use of the unused space for which a rise in the PV demand equal to that in houses, building roofs, etc. is expected, examination/research for much newer forms of land installation are proceeded with, and evaluation/verification of reliability/durability are conducted of new installation processes using thin film solar cells, adhesives, etc. In this fiscal year, study of the development/verification of low cost floating pedestal was promoted, and at the same time, examinational study of forms of land installation was made. As to the development of low cost floating pedestal, the module type flexible floating pedestal was developed as a small prototype pedestal and tested for installation in a pool. Survey was also carried out of geometry, mooring systems, materials, design conditions, and existing instances of different floats, and measures were studied for the effective use of the floating system. In relation to reliability and durability evaluation of the new installation process, the verification operation of evaluation facilities for various installation processes was continued, and the power generation capacity was made clear in special forms of installation such as installations on vertical/horizontal surfaces. And the study was made of the large area frameless structure, building use double glass structure, and durability of the adhesive/adhesive tape process of thin film solar cells. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1994 research report. Demonstration test for establishing technology for peakload shaving with dispersed small residential PV systems (Evaluation of weatherability of house-use solar light electric power generating system equipment); 1994 nendo jutakuyo taiyoko hatsuden fuka heijunka gijutsu nado kakuritsu jissho shiken ni kansuru kaiseki hyoka no uchi jutakuyo taiyoko hatsuden system kiki no taikosei hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-03-01

Weatherability tests such as exposure to the atmosphere are conducted to collect and accumulate information on the degradation of house-use photovoltaic equipment expected to come into use in areas where weather conditions are hostile. Based on the thus collected data, analysis and evaluation are conducted about the mechanisms of corrosion and degradation for the establishment of designing and evaluating methods for maintaining weatherability. Since fiscal 1994 is the first year of the project, preparations are made for tests to be conducted. In carrying out research activities, a Weatherability Evaluation Committee for House-Use Solar Light Electric Power Generating System Equipment is organized, who discuss implementation of the project. Discussion is made on the shape and structural materials of the exposure rack. An aluminum alloy coated with a clear coating of alumite sulfate is selected, and a rack is built. Specifications of a sea salt particle collector are discussed, and preparations are made for arresting and quantifying sea salt particles under the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) dry gauze method and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) wet candle method. Solar cell module initial characteristics are measured. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power utilizing system and peripheral technologies (Study of peripheral device for AC module); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (AC module yo shuhen sochi no kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

For widening the application of photovoltaic power generation, the AC (alternating current) module technology was examined for validity, and effective ways to utilize the technology and tasks to solve for its further development were studied. In fiscal 1999, concerning the validity of the AC module technology, it was shown quantitatively that attention should be paid to the inhibition of radio interference although the AC module was the more advantageous when under the influence of shadow. In the study of various measures for utilizing the technology, it was shown that, although the technology contained many tasks to discharge, such as need for downsizing and cost reduction, improvement on environmental resistance, and the prevention of radio interference, yet it had many advantages expected to turn up in the future, such as reduced influence of shadow, high flexibility in system design, and decreased installation cost. In the study of technical tasks to discharge in the course of development, it was stated that AC module integrated inverters (MICs) were already on the market, that an autonomous distributed type system control method suited the purpose of AC module systems, and that it was important to develop a thin MIC technology for application in the next generation. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Research and development of photovoltaic system evaluation technology (Research, development, and survey of crystalline solar cell evaluation system); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (kesshokei taiyo denchi hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

In the basic study of ultrahigh-efficiency cells, the technology of ribbon crystal growing is again attracting attention for shortage of Si material supply. The new technology and problems to solve for cost reduction for it are discussed. Concerning the bulk type crystalline Si which is a core material, recent trends are mentioned involving studies of basic substrate properties such as the photoabsorption coefficient and crystal defects for achieving higher efficiency, development of gettering and surface passivation technologies, enhancement of processing speeds, radiation concentration behavior, etc. Newly obtained findings about photodegradation are mentioned, and some remedial measures are described. Recent reports on the application of porous Si to solar cells are compiled. In connection with the development of low-cost quantity-production process technologies, a remarkable progress recently marked by polycrystalline Si solar cells is described. Furthermore, it is stated that new process technologies will be required in the fields of material refining, substrate manufacturing, and cell fabrication. A proposition is presented aiming at developing cell modules compatible with application systems and practicalizing modules that may be integrated with roofing materials. Reference is also made to surveys overseas. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Demonstrative research on photovoltaic power generation system (Study on grid interconnection technique for dispersed photovoltaic systems under high-density connection); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system no jissho kenkyu (komitsudo renkei gijutsu no kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Interconnecting photovoltaic systems with power transmission systems under high density affects power quality, protection, maintenance and stability of the transmission lines. As measures to deal with this issue, investigations are being made on (1) elucidation of effects imposed on transmission lines, (2) establishment of countermeasure technologies, and (3) technological options leading to higher value addition. In Item (1), with an objective to identify the current status, evaluations were given on prevention of independent operation of commercially available inverters, and on their stabilizing performance against system fluctuation. The evaluations were performed by conducting a test for multiple unit operation in parallel and a single unit performance test. The test result indicated that, while the prevention performance can be satisfied, maloperation has occurred frequently due to the system fluctuation, and that voltage rise due to the inverter was suppressed effectively by using the simultaneous control of active and reactive powers. In Item (2), a demonstration test was launched on an inverter incorporating a new prevention device. The effective means to suppress voltage rise in the high-voltage power transmission lines is the discrete voltage suppression by controlling reactive power. In addition, a proposal was made on a new voltage and phase detection method that can be used at short circuit of the high-voltage transmission lines. In Item (3), having a photovoltaic system contain a small size batteries was found effective in suppressing the power generation output variation, and in smoothing the loads. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for Fiscal 2000. International cooperative project for developing photovoltaic power system practicalization technology (International Energy Agency (IEA)/Cooperative Program on Photovoltaic Power Systems (PVPS) implementing agreement - Task 1); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijustu kaihatsu kokusai kyoryoku jigyo (IEA taiyoko hatsuden system kenkyu kyoryoku program jisshi kyotei task 1)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Fiscal 2000 participation in the above-named program is reported. At the Task 1 meeting of experts, electric power application in the participating countries was taken up and information was exchanged concerning the technical, economical, and environmental facets of photovoltaic power generation, efforts were made to disseminate the technology to non-participating countries, and coordination was established between the Tasks. For the preparation and publication of the ISR (International Survey Report), Japan would prepare and submit its NSR (National Survey Report) on Japan's photovoltaics-related policies, amounts of introduction and production, etc. The ISR was to be compiled by technical writers based on the NSRs submitted by the countries involved, to be bound into a book by September after supervision by the Task 1 staff and the executive committee. As for Market Implementation, it would be compiled under the leadership of Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Japan. An added-value workshop was held at Glasgow, the United Kingdom, in May 2000 with the participation of 53 representing 14 countries. (NEDO)

Wind energy technology : from the past to the future; 20 seiki ni okeru furyoku riyo gijutsu no henkan. Furyoku hatsuden : kako kara mirai e

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ushiyama, I. [Ashikaga Institute of Technology, Tochigi (Japan)

2000-01-20

Windmills are one of the oldest prime movers and have been used for more than 700 years in Europe. The transition from low speed windmills for grain grinding and water pumping to high speed wind turbines for electric power generation had occurred at first, reviews the windmill technologies and the researchers before 20{sup th} century. Then describes the back ground of how the wind power generator has existed and how the four pioneers developed their wind power generator. The historical developments of windmills to wind turbines in this century are studied focusing mainly on Danish activities. Then, the effort of the development of large wind turbine such as Smith-Putnum's first MW machine in U.S.A. and other mammoth machine concept are introduced. The new concept machines such as Savonius and Darrieus wind turbines in 1920s to 1930s are also explained. Finally, the novel technologies of wind turbine covering larger machines, variable speed generators, special wing sections for wind turbines, theoretical analysis method of wind turbine performance, offshore wind turbines, and wind turbine control technologies are stated. (author)

Survey for making a data book on the new energy technological development (photovoltaic power generation); Shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa (taiyoko hatsuden)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

Data on the photovoltaic power generation are synthetically collected, systematized, and summarized as a data book on the photovoltaic power system. Main details are as follows: photovoltaic power systems were listed by usage, by size of power generation, and by authority concerned. Significance of adopting the photovoltaic system is stated at each level of each user of the country, local governments and individuals. As to the present situation of the solar cell market, solar cells were arranged in terms of production volume by region, production volume by type, production volume by company, shipment by usage, production amount, and price. With regard to policies of each country on the photovoltaic power system, those of advanced countries including Japan were summed up. Concerning the introduction of the system in each country, examples of the introduction were made clear, and at the same time the estimated volume of and the target for introduction of the photovoltaic power system were summarized. In respect to the subsidy system for the introduction of the photovoltaic power system, arranged were the subsidy system, the preferential tax system and the loan system.

Field tests of photovoltaic power generation at the Fukuroi Mitsukawa Hospital in Fukuroi City, Shizuoka Prefecture; Fukuroishi Mitsukawa byoin taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo (Shizuokaken Fukuroishi)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Namikawa, K

1996-05-30

A 30 kW-scale photovoltaic power generation system has been installed on the roof of an existing hospital. Various data have been collected to prove the applicability and stability of the system. The system was designed so as to be suitable for installing on the roof with high-wind. Structures of the frame and base were decided by considering the load and high-wind. The selection of design and materials for this system on the roof with high-wind due to the topography is expected to be technically proven. This field test is the first for private hospitals. The power can be supplied to medical equipment during outage at disasters. The introduction of a system having the self-function is also the first case. Brochure illustrating the outline of this system and the mechanism of photovoltaic power generation system was made and distributed to the public offices, hospitals, and visitors inside and outside the prefecture. Effectiveness of the photovoltaic power generation system has been positively diffused. A display board showing various conditions is placed in the entrance lounge, to diffuse and promote the system. 12 figs., 1 tab.

Report `A field test project for the disaster prevention type photovoltaic power generation (Kobe city, Hyogo prefecture)`; `Bosaigata taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo (Hyogoken Kobeshi)` hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-09-12

An experiment was conducted on the introduction of the disaster prevention type photovoltaic power system provided with storage batteries to public facilities, etc., considering not only the use of new energy from the environmental aspect, but the emergency use. In fiscal 1995, 5kW-output photovoltaic power systems were installed on the rooftop of Hiyodori and Takamaru regional welfare centers and a 30kW photovoltaic power system on the rooftop of the Hyogo Ward Office. Demonstrative tests of these systems started for collection of various data. Now that the systems were installed at the regional welfare center managed mostly by regional citizens and the ward office which is an administrative office familiar with regional residents, the understanding of and familiarity with the photovoltaic power system were obtained from regional residents, and also people were enlightened on the use of solar energy in such a point as economization of power rates using the interconnected power system. Further, for life supports, it was made possible to secure minimum electric power in emergency and to secure functions of disaster prevention spots. 3 figs.

Fundamental study on PV system for floating water power device `Mighty Whale`; Okiai futaishiki haryoku sochi `Mighty Whale` eno taiyoko hatsuden sochi tosai no kihon kento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Washio, Y [Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, Kanagawa (Japan)

1996-10-27

Studied in this paper is the use of a photovoltaic power generation system in combination with a wave energy conversion system to cover the latter`s weak point that it is available but intermittently. An offshore floating wave power device Mighty Whale (MW) is described, which will have a wave energy absorbing air chamber in the front and an anti-rocking float that looks like a whale in the rear. The movement, up and down and back and forth, of the water surface in the air chamber due to incident waves turns the power generator turbine. Out of the space available on the MW, a 200m{sup 2} area has been specified as the place suitable for the installation of solar cells capable of a maximum output of 20kW, for which specification the elevation of the sun has been taken into account. Batteries will routinely be supplied with power in parallel from the wave activated and photovoltaic devices, the supply will be limited when the batteries are fully charged, and an auxiliary power generator will be run in case of shortage. Power that can be provided by a 20kW solar array was calculated using actual data of sunshine on the slope for each array orientation, and required battery capacity was calculated for each solar array orientation. Important items for consideration for the insurance of reliability on the ocean include measures against salt damage, detailed designing of wiring, and coordinated operation of photovoltaic and wave activated power generation systems. 3 refs., 6 figs., 5 tabs.

FY 1998 annual report on power generation by waste heat from cement production in China; Chugoku ni okeru cement hainetsu hatsuden 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This project is to implement a feasibility study for applying waste heat power generation, which have been already commercialized in Japan and producing remarkable results, to China's cement plants producing 3,500 t/d or more of clinker, and thereby to try to establish a link with the Japan's clean development mechanism. It is expected that introduction of these systems improves energy use efficiency and environments in China. The study results indicate that the project for a Tongling Conch plant could generate power of 15,000 kW, reducing CO2 emissions by 89,178 t/y and cumulatively 1,783,560 tons in the 20-year period. The results also indicate that the project will be highly profitable, with an estimated internal return rate of as high as 33.78%. The project for a Huaxin plant could generate power of 8,400 kW, reducing CO2 emissions by 48,412 t/y and cumulatively 968,240 tons in the 20-year period, annually saving power charges by 325 million yen and bringing an internal return rate of 10.72%. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1976 Sunshine Project result report. Research on solar energy utilization systems (photovoltaic power generation); 1976 nendo taiyo energy riyo system chosa kenkyu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-03-01

This report describes the fiscal 1976 research result on the technical and economical perspectives of various solar cells, high-efficiency solar cell and its evaluation technique, and a photovoltaic power generation system and its applications. On Si single-crystal slice solar cell, it was pointed out that cost reduction by automatic production process using no vacuum process is essential. On Si thin film solar cell, some problems to be solved for development of particle accelerating growth technique were pointed out. Study was also made on 2-6 group compound semiconductor solar cell, 3-5 group bulk crystal solar cell, 3-5 group thin film solar cell, solar collection solar cell, and raw polycrystal Si materials. On photovoltaic power generation systems, it was reconfirmed through reconsideration of power generation systems for every application that the photovoltaic power generation system for residences is promising. On medium- scale power generation systems, study was made on power load and system configuration in consideration of applications to electric railway, highway, and power source of isolated islands. (NEDO)

Research and development of photovoltaic power system. Research on surface passivation for high-efficiency silicon solar cells; Taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Hyomen passivation no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saito, T [Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Technology

1994-12-01

This paper reports the result obtained during fiscal 1994 on research on surface passivation of high-efficiency silicon solar cells. In research on carrier recombination on SiO2/doped silicon interface, measurements were carried out on minority carrier life with respect to p-type silicon substrates with which phosphorus with high and low concentrations are diffused uniformly on the surface and non-uniformly on the back and then oxidized. The measurements were performed for the purpose of evaluating the carrier recombination at p-n junctions. Effective life time of oxidized test samples increased longer than that of prior to the oxidization as a result of effect of surface passivation contributing remarkably. In research on reduction in carrier recombination on SiO2/Si interface by using H radical annealing, experiments were conducted by using a method that uses more active H-atoms. As a result, it was revealed that the reduction effect is recognized at as low temperature as 200{degree}C, and photo-bias effect is also noticeable. Other research activities included analytic research on minority carrier recombination on micro crystalline silicon/crystalline silicon interface, and experimental research on evaluation of minority carrier life of poly-crystalline silicon wafers. 6 figs.

Photovoltaic power generation field test at Saigo Police Station (police station in a heavy-snow district); Saigo keisatsusho taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo (sekisetsu chiku no keisatsusho)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsuo, S. [Shimane Prefectural Police Department, Shimane (Japan)

1997-05-30

Contents of a fiscal 1996 photovoltaic power generation field test at a police station in a heavy-snow district are reported. The system is on the rooftop of the garage of Saigo Police Station, Saigo-cho, Shimane Prefecture, and is used for lighting, airconditioning, etc., in the police station. It is 15kW in capacity and operates on high-voltage interconnection (with back flow). The array is a 9-series/17-parallel (polycrystalline modules) system, facing 15deg eastward from due south and inclined at an angle of elevation of 17deg. Dead space on the roof is used for solar cell installation, and the applicability and stability of the photovoltaic power generation system, as installed at a police station in a heavy-snow district, were verified and, at the same, operation data were collected. The data will serve as guidelines for construction in the future, and will enable understanding about how a distributed type power generation plant should be on an isolated island. The compilation of various data about its system interconnection (with back flow) with the commercial power source is meaningful because it will work effectively in popularizing the photovoltaic power generation system. Efforts to appeal to the local population are under way, which includes letting visitors into a terrace, distributing advertising pamphlets, etc., which are quite effective in enlightening people of the new energy producing technology

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power utilizing system and peripheral technologies (Research on meteorological data for design optimization); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (saiteki sekkei no tame no kisho data no chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

For collecting solar radiation data necessary for the prediction of power to be outputted by photovoltaic power systems in Japan, detailed experiments and observations were conducted with an emphasis placed on the amount of solar radiation on a slope facing north and on the amount of solar radiation broken down by wavelength. Models were analyzed, and the fiscal 1999 results were compiled. In the validation of a model of solar radiation on an inclined surface, a review was conducted using the 1-year data observed at the Takasaki station for all directions, including solar radiation on the slope facing north, and the validity of the model was confirmed. As for the validation of a model for estimating solar radiation by duration of sunshine, it was examined for accuracy using the same data, and was found to be fairly high in accuracy. For the maintenance of solar radiation data for each wavelength, continuous observation was conducted for each wavelength of solar radiation at the Takasaki station using a multi-filter spectroradiometer, and a technique was established to determine spectral distribution using the observed data. Moreover, continuous observation of global diffused solar radiance was conducted using a sky scanner at the said station and solar cell power generation characteristics was continuously monitored. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1999. Development of technology to put photovoltaic power generation system into practical use by international cooperation project (Executive Committee meetings for treaty of executing IEA photovoltaic power generation system research cooperation program - IEA/PVPS); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Kokusai kyoryoku jigyo (IEA taiyoko hatsuden system kenkyu kyoryoku program jisshi kyotei (shikko iinkai))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The 13th and 14th Executive Committee meetings were held. The resolutions adopted at the 13th Executive Committee meeting (Lausanne, Switzerland, May 3 through 5, 1999) were the approval of the Task VIII as a new IEA/PVPS task, the feasibility study on large scale photovoltaic power generation utilizing unused land such as desert (the operating agent country being Japan headed by Mr. Kando, chief researcher at NEDO and Professor Kurokawa) and the Task IX, proliferation of photovoltaic power generation under coordination with developing countries (the operating agent country being England headed by Mr. Bernard McNelis (IT Power) and that the task I operating agent country is substituted jointly by the three countries of Australia, Holland and Switzerland for six months. The resolutions adopted at the 14th Executive Committee meeting (Oslo, Norway, October 18 through 20, 1999) were appointing Australia as the Task I operating agent country headed by Mr. G. Watt, setting a web site of IEA/PVPS, issuing the annual report for fiscal 1998 in early 2000, and holding the Executive Committee meetings for fiscal 2000 in Canada (Quebec, April 17 through 19, 2000), and Italy (October 16 through 18, 2000). (NEDO)

Research and development of photovoltaic power system. Research on low temperature deposition of polycrystalline thin films; Taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Teion seimaku gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, K [Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Technology

1994-12-01

This paper reports the result obtained during fiscal 1994 on research on a technology of low temperature deposition of polycrystalline thin films for solar cells. This research used ITO coated glass substrates, on which CdS was accumulated to a thickness of about 100 nm by using the CBD process, and over this deposition a CuInSe2 film was formed at 300{degree}C by using the ion cluster beam (ICB) process. The manufactured solar cells with a glass/ITO/CdS/CuInSe2/Au structure had an efficiency of 2%. In manufacturing a CuGaSe2 thin film by using the ICB process, effects of acceleration voltage relative to cluster beams and ionization current were investigated. It was found that the film morphology, the result of analysis by using X-ray diffraction, and the electric conductivity are sensitive to the ionization current. From these findings, an optimum film forming condition was derived. A CuGaSe2 thin film was manufactured by using the ICB process over a Cds thin film deposited by using the CDB process. Both of the surface morphology and X-ray diffraction patterns of the film did not show a large change, indicating a possibility of manufacturing cells with a reverse structure. Effects of heat treatment on CuInSe2 monocrystals were evaluated by using ESR and FTIR. 6 figs., 1 tab.

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Survey on environmental effects from photovoltaic power generation systems; 1998 nendo daikibo taiyoko hatsuden system no kankyo eikyo ni kansuru chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Different environmental effects may be assumed when large-size photovoltaic power generation systems are installed in vast unutilized lands including deserts. Knowledge having been acquired to date has been put into order on the following subjects as the pre-survey thereon: (1) environmental characteristics of desert areas, (2) discussions on environmental effects from (a) environmental assessment viewpoints, (b) contents of the environmental assessment, and (c) environmental assessment institutions, and (3) the survey policy. In discussing the environmental characteristics, it is revealed that desert areas are neither sterile nor unused, but pasturage and agriculture have been carried out in historical and traditional ways. In discussing the environmental effects, it was recognized that surveys on primary and secondary effects on the environmental are indispensable. With regard to the institutions, there are countries who have and have not the institutions even among the OECD member states. In addition, it was known that environments in the desert areas vary greatly according to the particular areas, whereas there are possibilities of installing the facilities because the effects of the facility locations on the environment are various. Therefore, it was decided to start from the case studies in locations of different types. (NEDO)

Load leveling by a battery system in an electric power system with a photovoltaic system; Taiyoko hatsuden system ga donyusareta denryoku keito no chikudenchi ni yoru fuka heijunka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kenmoku, Y.; Sakakibara, T. [Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi (Japan); Nakagawa, S. [Maizuru College of Technology, Kyoto (Japan); Kawamoto, T. [Shizuoka University, Shizuoka (Japan)

1997-11-25

Storage battery-aided load leveling system is introduced into a power system having a photovoltaic power generation (PV) system, and the effect of the introduction is examined. For this purpose, the resultant improvement on the load factor and reduction in the annual cost are evaluated. Used as the load factor in the studies are the hourly records of power transmitted and received by Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc., in 1995. The output of the PV system is calculated using weather data collected in Nagoya City in the same year. Findings as the result of the studies are stated below. The maximum power is suppressed but a little if it is only the PV system that is introduced into the system. That is, a 2GW PV system introduced into the system suppresses the maximum power only by 0.5GW or less. The maximum power is suppressed more effectively when a storage battery is added, and it decreases linearly with an increase in the storage battery capacity. As for reduction in the cost, the reducing effect is higher when the rate of storage battery capacity/introduced PV capacity is higher in the presence of an introduced PV capacity of 0.8GW or more. 2 refs., 7 figs., 3 tabs.

Dynamic programming for reduction of fuel consumption in a photovoltaic/wind/diesel generating system; Doteki keikakuho ni yoru taiyoko/furyoku/diesel hatsuden system no nenryo shohiryo no sakugen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishikawa, K.; Kenmoku, Y.; Sakakibara, T. [Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi (Japan); Nakagawa, S. [Maizuru National College of Technology, Kyoto (Japan); Kawamoto, T. [Shizuoka University, Shizuoka (Japan)

1997-11-25

Dynamic programming is employed in the study of the operation of the diesel engine in a photovoltaic/wind-force/diesel-engine power generating system, which aims at reduction in the system fuel consumption and at determining an optimum system constitution. The parameters set in this system are the photovoltaic/wind-force supply rate, photovoltaic/wind-force power generation ratio, and battery capacity. An island in Ise Bay, with an annual load power of approximately 1.59-million kWh and mean daily load power of approximately 4336kWh is assumed as the location for the system. Observation data of Ommaezaki Weather Station are utilized for the calculation of the amount of photovoltaic/wind-force power generation. It is found as the result that the fuel consumption of the diesel engine in this system decreases to 82-84% when the natural energy supply rate is 20%. It is also found that the fuel consumption of the system records the minimum at a photovoltaic/wind-force ratio of 60/40, irrespective of the battery capacity or natural energy supply rate, and this ratio is the optimum ratio. 3 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

Data book on new energy technology development in FY 1997. Installations of photovoltaic (PV) power generation; Shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa. Taiyoko hatsuden jireishu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

The present survey places particular emphasis on the field of PV power generation systems, and intends to collect data on solar cell application products and PV power generation system installation cases, to classify them according to their usage and to compile a collection of case records including photographs. For the data collection, two formats have been adopted. A format for the solar cell-based products includes a picture of the product, and information on solar cell output and commercialization status. Another format for the installation of PV power systems includes a picture of the installation, and information on location, output level, system type, PV module type, owner, and date of installation. The application of solar cells was classified into 14 fields, i.e., consumer appliances, road and traffic, railroad, general industries, housing related, automobiles, agriculture, ocean development, disaster prevention and safety, amenity, developing countries, buildings, public facilities, and environment. A total of 241 valid cases have been collected. Overseas products and installation cases are often characterized by new applications and innovative design, and contain a lot of useful suggestions for promoting the spread of PV technology in Japan

Research and development of system to utilize photovoltaic energy. Survey on the specific purpose modules; Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyoto module ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the survey results on the specific purpose modules for photovoltaic power generation in fiscal 1994. (1) On the feasibility survey on new application fields, it was clarified that photovoltaic power generation is applicable to extensive areas such as farmland, road, railway and public facility as latent demand sites. (2) On the optimum modules for various specific purposes, the structure, production method, cost estimation and issues of various modules were studied for desert, wasteland, coast, ocean, river, embankment, railway, road, mobile facility and arcade. (3) On the survey on new materials and material development, various conventional materials and materials promising for required performance were surveyed for every application. (4) On the survey on technology trends, the survey members participated in the first international photovoltaic energy conversion conference and the photovoltaic power generation workshop, while the members held the 1st-5th specific purpose module subcommittees. 1 tab.

Fiscal 2000 report on the international joint verification of photovoltaic power generation system. Verification of hybrid system comprising photovoltaic power generation system and micro-hydroelectric power generation systems; 2000 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system kokusai kyodo jissho kaihatsu hokokusho. Taiyoko micro suiryoku hybrid system jissho kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-06-01

Research was conducted in Vietnam for the development of a hybrid system comprising a photovoltaic power generation system and a micro-hydroelectric power generation system. In verification test operation, data measurement had been under way for approximately 18 months since it was started in September 1999. The rate of days on which effective data were obtained throughout this period was 93.4%. Power generated by the micro-hydroelectric power generation system was 19.4kWh/d with so small a capacity factor of 3.2%. The capacity factor of the photovoltaic power generation system was again very small at 4.5% since the amount consumed by the load was as small as 131.0kWh/d. Weather data of solar radiation and precipitation were being collected smoothly. In the study of hybrid system optimization, the effect of inductor generator activation upon the inverter was taken up. In the study of capacity balance optimization between the constituent elements of the hybrid system, methodology was established and verified, and calculations were carried out. (NEDO)

Survey for making a data book related to the development of new energy technology (the photovoltaic power generation); Shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa (taiyoko hatsuden)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

A data book related to the photovoltaic power generation was made as a part of the systematical preparation of new energy related data. The paper arranged the importance of introducing the photovoltaic power system and the CO2 reduction effect at levels such as the government, local government, industries and individuals which are users. Described were the production quantity by region/type/company, shipment by usage, production amount and prices of solar cells. Arranged was the situation of policies on the photovoltaic power generation in Japan and developed countries. Examples of the introduction in countries including Japan were examined to know the introduction quantity and target. The paper introduced the subsidy system, preferential tax system and loan system for the introduction of the photovoltaic power system in Japan. The flow was summed up from the planning of the system introduction to the installation. The status of handling with the system introduction of government related organs and local governments was stated. The paper showed a list of the companies related to the photovoltaic power system and the references of solar cell makers and solar system installation makers. The development is so quickly made that the renewal every year of the system and the quality enhancement are required. 32 figs., 112 tabs.

Fiscal 1999 research report. Data collection for development of new energy technology (Photovoltaic power generation); 1999 nendo shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa (taiyoko hatsuden) hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

As a part of systematic data preparations on new energy technology, this research aims at collection and analysis of data on domestic and overseas applications, diffusion targets, concrete examples, policies, laws, subsidy systems, and the latest technology development trends of photovoltaic power generation, and at preparation of its basic data through integration and systematization of the collected data. The research items are as follows: domestic and overseas applications, diffusion targets, concrete examples, policies, laws, subsidy systems, productions of solar cells, typical photovoltaic power generation costs, trial calculations of CO{sub 2} reduction in photovoltaic power generation, technology development trends, technology development issues, issues for faster diffusion, configurations and conceptual charts of photovoltaic power systems, and major domestic and overseas trends. As a supplement, domestic and overseas manufacturers of solar cells, and manufacturers of photovoltaic power systems are listed with their addresses. The solar cell production capacities of major countries are also arranged. (NEDO)

Study on an optimum ratio of PV output energy to WG output energy in PV/WG hybrid system; Taiyoko/furyoku hybrid hatsuden system no saiteki yoryohi ni kansuru kento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nishikawa, S [Kandenko Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-27

A photovoltaic power (PV) and wind generated power (WG) are an unlimited clean energy source, yet their output is unstable depending on the fluctuation of weather conditions such as solar radiation and wind velocity. Consequently, a large-scale power storage equipment is necessitated leading to a high cost especially in an independent system. As a solution, a method is available in which PV and WG are combined so that the effect may be utilized for stabilizing the output of a system as a whole, at a site where a fluctuation pattern is different between photovoltaic energy and wind energy. In building a hybrid system by PV and WG, sites with such supplementary effect existing were selected from the viewpoint of stabilizing the fluctuation of the power generation in the long run; and then, an examination was made on the optimum PV capacity ratio (%Ppo) in each site. As a result, it revealed that the %Ppo had great bearing on a ratio of PV energy fluctuation to WG, which was converted to a numerical formula. A comparatively simple examination by means of meteorological data also indicated that the share ratio was possibly optimized between the quantities of PV and WG energy. 4 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.

Fiscal 1998 research report. Feasibility survey on offshore wind power generation in Japan; 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho. Nippon ni okeru yojo furyoku hatsuden no donyu kanosei chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This survey studied the feasibility of large-scale offshore wind power generation in Japan. Attempt was also made on preparation of outline maps of offshore wind around Japan. The cost of future offshore wind power generation systems is roughly dependent on technical issues and environmental issues. As technical issues, 'installation site,' 'foundation,' 'system interconnection' and 'maintenance/management' were summarized based on applications in Europe. As a result, it was clarified that technical issues can be solved with existing technologies to a certain extent, however, those relate to economical problems closely. The previous environment impact assessments say that wind power generation has no problems on the environmental issues. As relatively strong wind coastal areas, the outline maps of offshore wind point out Western Hokkaido area, Japan Sea area of Tohoku district, Pacific ocean area of the central part of Honshu, Genkai Nada area, Western Kyushu area and Southwest islands area, and suggest that these areas are promising for offshore wind power generation. (NEDO)

Report on construction of thermal power plants for industrial use in China in FY 1997; 1997 nendo chosa hokokusho (Chugoku ni okeru kogyoyo karyoku hatsuden setsubi secchi)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Steam supply and power generating plants in China can be classified into systems for district heating and power generation and systems for steam supply and power generation for industrial use. Steam supply and power generating plants for district heating in winter season are diffused due to the introduction of Russian technology. There are steam supply and power generating plants for supplying steam to manufacturing equipment in works and generating power for industrial use. Both of these are called heat and power stations. This survey was conducted for the latter thermal power generation plants for industrial use. China has heat and power stations with a total capacity of 22,000 MW, and a half of them are used for district heating. Although the thermal efficiency of usual thermal power generation plants is between 30 and 40%, that of heat and power stations is between 60 and 70%. Latent demand of such power generation plants for industrial use is large. Problems for the diffusion were extracted. It was considered that steam supply and combined power generating plants using natural gas are effective when constructed in large cities, in the vicinity of large cities, or in technological universities. 22 figs., 15 tabs.

Fiscal 1998 research report. Feasibility survey on offshore wind power generation in Japan; 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho. Nippon ni okeru yojo furyoku hatsuden no donyu kanosei chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This survey studied the feasibility of large-scale offshore wind power generation in Japan. Attempt was also made on preparation of outline maps of offshore wind around Japan. The cost of future offshore wind power generation systems is roughly dependent on technical issues and environmental issues. As technical issues, 'installation site,' 'foundation,' 'system interconnection' and 'maintenance/management' were summarized based on applications in Europe. As a result, it was clarified that technical issues can be solved with existing technologies to a certain extent, however, those relate to economical problems closely. The previous environment impact assessments say that wind power generation has no problems on the environmental issues. As relatively strong wind coastal areas, the outline maps of offshore wind point out Western Hokkaido area, Japan Sea area of Tohoku district, Pacific ocean area of the central part of Honshu, Genkai Nada area, Western Kyushu area and Southwest islands area, and suggest that these areas are promising for offshore wind power generation. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of technology for commercialization of the photovoltaic power system - R and D of evaluation technology of the photovoltaic power system. R and D of the system evaluation technology; 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu - Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu - System hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Based on the evaluation method for the performance prediction system of the standard photovoltaic power system, the R and D were conducted of the system generation output prediction technology which is general-purpose, simplified and applicable to various kinds of photovoltaic power system for residential use, and the FY 2000 results were summed up. In this fiscal year, the photovoltaic power system for residential use was increasingly installed at 15 places, and 100 sites in total were made database and analyzed. As to the development of simulation technology, technology of calculation was established such as the simulation of multi-plane array composition and correction of multi-plane array incidence. Further, technical information on system trouble and knowledge/information/proposal for reducing power generation loss were arranged by design parameter. Using the data on solar radiation/power loss at sites of residential use photovoltaic power systems installed in the Kanto area, value analysis of the capacity of wide area facilities of the photovoltaic power system was made by the statistical method. This study was compiled into the revised edition of design manual. (NEDO)

FY 1998 Report on development of technologies for commercialization of photovoltaic power systems. International co-operative project (IEA implementing agreement for a co-operative programme on photovoltaic power systems, 11th and 12th executive committee meetings); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu kokusai kyoryoku jigyo. IEA taiyoko hatsuden system kenkyu kyoryoku program jisshi kyotei dai 12 kai dai 11 kai shikko iinkai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Described herein are outline of the International Energy Agency/Co-operative programme on Photovoltaic Power Systems (IEA/PVPS), and minutes of the 11th and 12th executive committee meetings. Japan signed the IEA Implementing Agreement for a co-operative programme on Photovoltaic Power Systems in April 1993, and has been participating in the programme for research and development, demonstration, analysis, information exchange and introduction promotion, among others. Presented to the 11th executive committee meeting are progresses in each task, review of the PVPS programme by an independent reviewer, strategy for the next term of the PVPS agreement, and marketing of PV in the IEA member countries. The meeting also has confirmed the action plans and partial responsibilities. In the 12th executive committee meeting, the progresses of the tasks, e.g., objects, activities and problems, are reported, and reviewed by the participants. Discussed in the task 1, information exchange, are new communication methods, publication frequency and contents of Internal Survey Report, and opening of the internet home page, among others. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1995 on analysis and evaluation of demonstration tests for establishment of residential photovoltaic power generation load leveling technology, of which evaluation on weatherability of devices used in residential photovoltaic power generation system; 1995 nendo kenkyu hokokusho. Jutaku you taiyoko hatsuden fuka heijunka gijutsu tou kakuritsu jissho shiken ni kansuru kaiseki hyoka no uchi jutaku you taiyoko hatsuden system kiki no taikosei hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

Weatherability tests have been performed on devices used in the residential photovoltaic power generation system by means of exposure, with the objectives to analyze and evaluate the safety and reliability due to aging of the devices used in the residential photovoltaic power generation system. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1995. In the outdoor exposure test on solar cell modules, multi-crystalline silicon solar cell modules were selected as the test specimens, and thermo-couples were embedded in the modules to measure the temperatures. Also for the purpose of comparison, storage test specimens were stored in a constant temperature and humidity chamber. The exposure tests were carried out in three locations of the city of Choshi in Chiba Prefecture, the Miyako Island test site in Okinawa Prefecture, and the Miyako Island seashore. In the measurement and evaluation, appearance observation and measurements of output characteristics and insulation resistance were executed in summer and winter. No noticeable changes were observed in the measurements after lapse of four months and six months. In the outdoor exposure tests of metal test pieces, aluminum alloys were tested for corrosion caused by contact with different kinds of metals. Although the test period was short in the current fiscal year, difference in corrosion degrees in the aluminum alloys was found already in three months. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1996 on analysis and evaluation of demonstration tests for establishment of residential photovoltaic power generation load leveling technology, of which evaluation on weatherability of devices used in residential photovoltaic power generation system; 1996 nendo kenkyu hokokusho. Jutaku you taiyoko hatsuden fuka heijunka gijutsu tou kakuritsu jissho shiken ni kansuru kaiseki hyoka no uchi jutaku you taiyoko hatsuden system kiki no taikosei hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

Weatherability tests have been performed on devices used in the residential photovoltaic power generation system by means of exposure, with the objectives to analyze and evaluate the safety and reliability due to aging of the devices used in the residential photovoltaic power generation system. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1996. In the outdoor exposure tests on solar cell modules, results of the tests were derived for up to 18 months after the start of the exposure at Choshi City, Miyako Island and the Miyako Island seashore. In the appearance observation, some white rust has appeared in the contact section of the aluminum frames of the solar cell modules and fixing screws, which have been exposed at Miyako Island and the Miyako Island seashore, but no changes that may give influence on the performance of the solar cells have been observed. The results showed performance similar to or slightly inferior to that before the exposure as a whole. The insulation resistances were all found good. According to the result of the outdoor exposure test of metal test pieces, noticeable difference in the corrosion degrees was recognized in the contact corrosion section of the aluminum alloys exposed in three areas having different meteorological and environmental factors. Electroplated zinc was found to have severer pitting corrosion in the contact sections than treatment-free zinc. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1997 on analysis and evaluation of demonstration tests for establishment of residential photovoltaic power generation load leveling technology, of which evaluation on weatherability of devices used in residential photovoltaic power generation system; 1997 nendo kenkyu hokokusho. Jutaku you taiyoko hatsuden fuka heijunka gijutsu tou kakuritsu jissho shiken ni kansuru kaiseki hyoka no uchi jutaku you taiyoko hatsuden system kiki no taikosei hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

With the objectives to analyze and evaluate the safety and reliability due to aging of the devices used in the residential photovoltaic power generation system, weatherability tests have been performed on devices used in the residential photovoltaic power generation system by means of exposure. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1997. In the outdoor exposure tests on multi-crystalline silicon solar cell modules at Choshi City, Miyako Island and the Miyako Island seashore, the output characteristics after the exposure tests showed a result that the insolation intensity and the change in the short circuit current are approximately proportional, and the temperature in the module and the change in the open voltage are inversely proportional. The module characteristics retention rate showed no change in the 29-month exposure at all of the three exposure locations. The insulation resistance in the exposure test specimens have been good at 2,000 M{omega} or more in all the locations until 18 months have elapsed. However, the test specimens in Miyako Island and the Miyako Island seashore showed 99 M{omega} after 23 months, and 129 to 1,774 M{omega} after 29 months. According to the outdoor exposure tests of metal test pieces, noticeable difference was found in corrosion due to difference in the environment by each exposure location, whose order of the corrosion degree was the Miyako Island seashore > Miyako Island > Choshi City. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Research and development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Investigations and researches on large-size energy supply system); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (ogata energy kyokyu system no chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

With an objective to propose large-size system development scenarios assuming installations in deserts, the following investigations have been carried out: (1) collection of data on societies, economy, and energies in China and other countries where the large systems are assumed to be installed, (2) in order to reduce the costs, comparison was given on power generation cost by using a fixed tracking frame, a single axial tracking frame, and a biaxial tracking frame, (3) in order to evaluate the life cycle, discussions were given on the required energy inputs for system equipment, transmission and transformer equipment, and the installation construction to estimate the energy payback time (EPT) and CO2 emission unit requirement, and (4) discussions on development scenarios. In Item (1), while China expects on natural gas and atomic energy as the supply source, 80% of the energy would be supplied from coal in 2010. The development of new energies in India would further be delayed than in China. In item (2), the trially calculated power generation costs in Mongol by using the fixed frame, single axial tracking frame, and biaxial tracking frame were 8.72, 8.23 and 6.94 yen per watt. In Item (3) The EPT was two years or less in a 100-MW system, and the CO2 emission unit requirements in the silicon systems were 10 to 19 kg-C/kWh. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization-entrusted projects on the development of photovoltaic power system practical application technologies. Research and development of a photovoltaic power demonstration system (Research and development of private house systems); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden demonstration system no kenkyu kaihatsu (kojin jutakuyo system no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

Private house systems are investigated for system constitution, detailed design is drawn, and a model house is built. For system control and protection, the power conversion unit is provided with a control which functions to constantly maximize the output. The power conversion unit without an internal oscillator is equipped with another control which functions to output single-phase AC power coincident with the commercial system in voltage and frequency when it is interconnected with the system. The power conversion unit is so designed that it is automatically stopped for the prevention of reverse voltage imposition on the commercial system in case of interruption in the commercial system. In the study of roof panel type solar cells, real-size panels are designed and fabricated, capable of a total of 3kWp. In the study of element devices, a real-size conversion unit is experimentally built and tested in combination with a rectifier and solar cells, and it is found that the unit functions as expected. A model house is designed incorporating the results of the above-said research, and is built in the precinct of a laboratory of the Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Research and development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Development of ancillary devices for AC modules); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (AC module yo shuhen sochi no kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Reasonability evaluation was progressed on the fundamental technologies having been proposed in fiscal 1998, and development was made on elementary technologies required for system structuring. The proposals made in fiscal 1998 include the deepening of the evaluations on effectiveness of AC modules, long-term stability evaluation on the system control schemes, trial fabrication and evaluation on AC battery modules, and development and installation of 2-kW demonstration facilities. In the effectiveness evaluation, discussions were given not only on advantages, but also on disadvantages. As the advantageous point, theoretical analyses were progressed on the effect of reducing the output drop due to shading, which was made clear by providing values. Effects of increase in switching units on electric wave interference as a disadvantage were made clear. As a form that can be applied consistently from an independent power source to a system coordination system, a flexible system using the module system comprising of AC modules and AC batteries was proposed as an effective utilization measure. A proposal was also made on an autonomous discrete type system control scheme as a control system that has sufficient expandability, and is durable against disasters. (NEDO)

FY 1998 Report on development of technologies for commercialization of photovoltaic power systems. International co-operative project (IEA implementing agreement for a co-operative programme on photovoltaic power systems, 9th and 10th executive committee meetings); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu kokusai kyoryoku jigyo. IEA taiyoko hatsuden system kenkyu kyoryoku program jisshi kyotei dai 10 kai dai 9 kai iinkai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Described herein are outline of the International Energy Agency/Co-operative programme on Photovoltaic Power Systems (IEA/PVPS), and minutes of the 9th and 10th executive committee meetings. Japan signed the IEA Implementing Agreement for a co-operative programme on Photovoltaic Power Systems in April 1993, and has been participating in the programme for research and development, demonstration, analysis, information exchange and introduction promotion, among others. The tasks are composed of exchange and dissemination of information on PVPS, operational performance and design of PVPS, use of PVPS in stand alone and island applications, grid interconnection of building integrated and other dispersed PVPS, design and grid interconnection of dispersed PVPS, e.g., roof type, design and operation of modular PV plants for large scale power generation, PV in the built environment, and feasibility study on large scale PV power generation utilizing desert areas. The 9th and 10th executive committee meetings include the co-operative programme progress reports and technical tours. (NEDO)

Report of a photovoltaic power generation field test at Deigo-en, an old people`s home, in Ginoza village, Okinawa prefecture; Deigoen taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo (Okinawaken Ginozamura) hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-07-26

A photovoltaic power generation system was installed on the roof of Deigo-en, a special nursing home for the aged, to collect various operation data through a long-term operation. This photovoltaic power generation system has an output of 99 kW, batteries, and functions of inverse power flow and self-operation. The solar cell module is the polycrystal system, its conversion efficiency is 12.6%, and the maximum output is 108.2 W. The array configuration is composed of 2 sets of 9 series and 51 parallels, and totally 918 modules are used. This system supplies the power for lighting and air conditioning, which are indispensable for living of 105 old-age dwellers in the home, as well as for refrigerator for storing foods, and medical equipment for maintaining their health. At the outage caused by typhoon, other disasters, or emergency, crisis management is conducted using the batteries and self-operation function, which enables to supply energy with a function of an evacuation place. Arrangement and analysis of the long-term operation data and trouble examples are to be carried out. 13 figs.

Sunshine Program for fiscal 1981. Development of practical application technologies for photovoltaic power systems (Management of research and development); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Kenkyu kaihatsu kanri

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

To gain a helpful guide toward the next process by properly evaluating the current project, evaluation of cost and inputted energy is indispensable. In fiscal 1981, as the first step of such evaluation effort, a manufacturing process model is built based on data about designing and manufacturing, and is subjected to analysis. Cost forming factors are extracted from the respective processes, and their relations are analyzed. Parameters are analyzed for the survey of energy that a system demands for operation. Test facilities now under construction are also subjected to a cost analysis. A system design document is prepared for cost analysis and for assisting the process improvement and evaluation work. For the establishment of low-cost mass-production technologies, it is necessary to reappraise the currently-employed technologies for all the processes. It is necessary to coordinate the basic processes in terms of dimension and efficiency to enable them to function as a continuous, consistent production process. Target values are set for the respective processes for an output of 500kW/year at a cell conversion efficiency of 9%. In selecting items to be specified and values to be attained, users' requests are fully considered. Details are prudently coordinated of conditions for delivery from a process to another. (NEDO)

Sunshine Program for fiscal 1981. Development of practical application technologies for photovoltaic power systems (Management of research and development); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Kenkyu kaihatsu kanri

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

To gain a helpful guide toward the next process by properly evaluating the current project, evaluation of cost and inputted energy is indispensable. In fiscal 1981, as the first step of such evaluation effort, a manufacturing process model is built based on data about designing and manufacturing, and is subjected to analysis. Cost forming factors are extracted from the respective processes, and their relations are analyzed. Parameters are analyzed for the survey of energy that a system demands for operation. Test facilities now under construction are also subjected to a cost analysis. A system design document is prepared for cost analysis and for assisting the process improvement and evaluation work. For the establishment of low-cost mass-production technologies, it is necessary to reappraise the currently-employed technologies for all the processes. It is necessary to coordinate the basic processes in terms of dimension and efficiency to enable them to function as a continuous, consistent production process. Target values are set for the respective processes for an output of 500kW/year at a cell conversion efficiency of 9%. In selecting items to be specified and values to be attained, users' requests are fully considered. Details are prudently coordinated of conditions for delivery from a process to another. (NEDO)

Reports on 1979 result of Sunshine Project. Investigation and research on solar energy utilization system (solar thermal power generation system); 1979 nendo taiyo energy riyo system chosa kenkyu. Taiyoko hatsuden system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1980-03-01

In connection with the practicability of a solar thermal power generation system, examination was made on the technical economic problems and the operation method as well as on the problems of required performance of the constituent equipment, with the measuring method and performance evaluation method examined that are suitable for various devices. The items for the examination are as follows: (1) Silicon as the raw material for solar cells and its R and D, (2) Amorphous silicon solar cells, (3) R and D on low cost solar cells and array, (4) Basic design for photovoltaic generation system, and (5) Problems and technical subjects for solar cell standard measurement. The research themes and items for the above examination are listed as below: (1) Demand trend for raw material silicon, overseas trend, and development plan for polycrystalline silicon; (2) R and D plan for amorphous Si solar cell and its system, their optimum design, and their cost analysis and economic effect; (3) Technological investigation on cells and examination on array; (4) Basic design, peripheral equipment for system, and development schedule; (5) Report on the first actual state investigation concerning instrumentation of solar cells, i.e., on 'instrumentation and deviation in transformation efficiency', calibration system, problems of instrumentation of new device, problems of reliability test method, situation in various countries, and trend in atmospheric turbidimeter. (NEDO)

Simulation of PV/FC power hybrid system. Change of system capacity with load form factor; Taiyoko hatsuden nenryo denchi hybrid system no simulation. Fuka keijoritsu ni yoru system yoryo no henka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sekiguchi, N.; Tani, T. [Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Study is conducted of a photovoltaic/fuel-cell hybrid system whose power storage is a hydrogen storage that uses a hydrogen absorbing alloy. In a simulation in this research, the solar cell conversion efficiency is changed from 15.0% to 21.0% and the fuel cell power conversion efficiency from 40.0% to 50.0%, and the resultant changes in the capacity and operation rate are investigated for each of the devices in the system. The findings follow. A 1.0% change in the solar cell conversion efficiency results in a 4.8kW change in the solar cell capacity and a 1.6-ton change in the hydrogen storage capacity. With a 1.0% change in the fuel cell power conversion efficiency, there is a 14.7kW change in the solar cell capacity and a 5.3-ton change in the hydrogen storage capacity. The fuel cell capacity is not dependent on the solar cell conversion efficiency or fuel cell power conversion efficiency but on the maximum load in each of the load form factors. The rate of occurrence of an operation rate of less than 30% is 54.7% both in DC/DC converter and hydrogen generator, 24.6% in fuel cells, and 16.7% in the DC/DC inverter. 7 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

Reports on 1979 result of Sunshine Project. Investigation and research on solar energy utilization system (solar thermal power generation system); 1979 nendo taiyo energy riyo system chosa kenkyu. Taiyoko hatsuden system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1980-03-01

In connection with the practicability of a solar thermal power generation system, examination was made on the technical economic problems and the operation method as well as on the problems of required performance of the constituent equipment, with the measuring method and performance evaluation method examined that are suitable for various devices. The items for the examination are as follows: (1) Silicon as the raw material for solar cells and its R and D, (2) Amorphous silicon solar cells, (3) R and D on low cost solar cells and array, (4) Basic design for photovoltaic generation system, and (5) Problems and technical subjects for solar cell standard measurement. The research themes and items for the above examination are listed as below: (1) Demand trend for raw material silicon, overseas trend, and development plan for polycrystalline silicon; (2) R and D plan for amorphous Si solar cell and its system, their optimum design, and their cost analysis and economic effect; (3) Technological investigation on cells and examination on array; (4) Basic design, peripheral equipment for system, and development schedule; (5) Report on the first actual state investigation concerning instrumentation of solar cells, i.e., on 'instrumentation and deviation in transformation efficiency', calibration system, problems of instrumentation of new device, problems of reliability test method, situation in various countries, and trend in atmospheric turbidimeter. (NEDO)

Research and development of system to utilize photovoltaic energy. Study on large-scale PV power supply system; Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyo energy kyokyu system no chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on large-scale PV power supply systems in fiscal 1994. (1) On optimization of large-scale systems, the conceptual design of the model system was carried out which supposes a large-scale integrated PV power generation system in desert area. As a result, a pair of 250kW generation system was designed as minimum one consisting power unit. Its frame and construction method were designed considering weather conditions in the inland of China. (2) On optimization of large-scale transmission systems, as large-scale power transmission systems for PV power generation, the following were studied: AC aerial transmission, DC aerial transmission, superconducting transmission, hydrogen gas pipeline, and LH2 tanker transport. (3) On the influence of large-scale systems, it was estimated that emission control is expected by substituting PV power generation for coal fired power generation, the negative influence on natural environment cannot be supposed, and the favorable economic effect is expected as influence on social environment. 4 tabs.

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Research and development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Investigations and researches on meteorological data for optimal design); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (saiteki sekkei no tame no kisho data no chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Observations are being made in Takasaki City, Gunma Prefecture on insolation, putting emphasis on the north side, and insolation by wavelengths to put insolation estimation model on the north side slope into order. This is an attempt to put into order by using the model the data for insolation on slope in all azimuth, taking the meteorological offices all over the country as the object. With regard to monthly average insolation, it was verified that the existing estimation model can be applied to the north slope in the Takasaki area, whereas trial calculations were performed on the average daily cumulative insolation by azimuth and inclination angle in the Takasaki observation points. As a result, it was made clear that the insolation onto north side roofs in Japan is about 70% of that on the south side. With respect to the time cumulative slope insolation, it was made clear that the Perez's cumulative model can be applied to the Takasaki area. Spectral distribution of global and scattered solar radiation was put into order by insolation to have verified that the stronger the global solar radiation intensity, the greater the occupation ratio of shorter waves increases, or in other words, the spectral distribution of the global insolation can be formulated. Sky distribution of radiation is being measured by means of measuring the sky scanning type radiation and luminance distribution. (NEDO)

FY 1997 - FY 2000 reports on the results of the development of commercialization technology of the photovoltaic power system. Summary. R and D of the photovoltaic power generation utilization system/periphery technology (R and D of high reliability storage batteries); 1997-2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho (Sokatsu ban). - Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu, Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (Koshinraisei chikuden sochi no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

The R and D/evaluation were made from FY 1997 to FY 2000 of lead storage batteries that are applicable to the use for the absorption of abrupt power variations in photovoltaic power generation and peak shift/emergency use power source, and the results were summed up. In the study for prolonging the life, the following were carried out: development of the inexpensive corrosion-resistant lead alloy positive grid applicable to the photovoltaic power generation, development of the negative active material with a high sulfation control effect, selection of silica powder as electrolyte retainer, development of the charging control technology by the multi-stage constant current method, etc. As a result, energy density of the battery was more than 70W/L as a target, and the target life of 3,000 cycles was achieved in the life test. Further, cost reduction and deterioration judgment were studied. In the study of the group of batteries, a management system for group of batteries was developed. As a result of the 1-year field test, there were no problems on durability of the storage case, temperature difference among batteries, rise in temperature, etc. As to the developed seal type lead storage battery, the applicability to the photovoltaic power generation was acquired. (NEDO)

Research and development of photovoltaic power system. Study on structural defects in silicon-based amorphous materials; Taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Amorphous silicon kei zairyo no kozo kekkan ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shimizu, T [Kanazawa University, Ishikawa (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for structural defects of silicon-based amorphous materials for solar cells. The study on light generation defects of the a-Si:H system and rejuvenation process by annealing establishes the effects of light irradiation time on changed neutral dangling bond density as a result of light irradiation at varying temperature of 77K, room temperature and 393K. The study on annealing to rejuvenate light generation defects of various types of a-Si-H systems establishes the activation energy distribution with respect to annealing to remove light-induced defects, showing that hydrogen affects the distribution of light-induced defects. The study on decaying process of light-induced ESR for undoped and N-doped a-Si:H systems observes the decaying process of light-induced ESR, after light is cut off, extending for a period of several seconds to several hours at 77K for the a-Si-H systems containing N in a range from 0 to 12at%. The other results presented are space distribution of neutral defects of light-irradiated a-Si-H systems, and rejuvenation process of light-induced spin for the a-Si(1-x)N(x):H composition. 6 figs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program. Practical application technologies for photovoltaic power systems (Development of peripheral technologies); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu seika hokokusho. Shuhen gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

As for their outputs, the 3kW separately-excited and self-excited photovoltaic power plants yield daily averages of 7.8kWh and 6.9kWh, respectively, and this means that the self-excited type is inferior to the separately-excited type in terms of conversion efficiency. Automatic measuring devices for photovoltaic characteristics are installed at Sapporo, Sendai, Nagoya, and Miyazaki, which will elucidate regional difference in photovoltaic characteristics. A simulation of photovoltaic characteristics is performed and the resultant value is compared with the yield of an experimental 3kW system, and the result of the comparison is found reasonable. Cell arrays are subjected to investigation for configurations lowest in output loss for the respective shadow patterns. Harmonic characteristics are analyzed under plural-interconnection circumstances. Studies are made to miniaturize and simplify system constituents, and it is found that a 3-hour storage is proper for a 3kW-class storage battery. It is also found that a self-excited type suffers less voltage fluctuation in interconnected operation on a small short-circuit capacity system. Possibilities are that independent operation is started when output is larger than load, which is to be detected by checking changes in phase, frequency, etc. Array configuration, arresters, and shielding wires are taken up for the study of measures to cope with direct thunder strokes. (NEDO)

Space power station. Uchu hatsuden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kudo, I. (Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan))

1993-02-20

A calculation tells that the amount of electric power the world will use in the future will require 100 to 500 power plants each with an output of 5-GW class. If this conception is true, it is beyond dispute that utilizing nuclear power will constitute a core of the power generation even though the geographical conditions are severe for nuclear power plants. It is also certain that power generation using clean solar energy will play important roles if power supply stability can be achieved. This paper describes plans to develop space solar power generation and space nuclear power generation that can supply power solving problems concerning geographical conditions and power supply stability. The space solar power generation is a system to arrest solar energy on a static orbit. According to a result of discussions in the U.S.A., the plan calls for solar cell sheets spread over the surface of a structure with a size of 5 km [times] 10 km [times] 0.5 km thick, and electric power obtained therefrom is transmitted to a rectenna with a size of 10 km [times] 13 km, a receiving antenna on the ground. The space nuclear power generation will be constructed similarly on a static orbit. Researches on space nuclear reactors have already begun. 10 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

FY 1998 Report on development of large-scale wind power generation systems. Feasibility study on development of new technologies for wind power generation (Study on the development of wind power generation systems for small-scale power grids); 1998 nendo ogata furyoku hatsuden system kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Furyoku hatsuden shingijutsu kaihatsu kanosei chosa (shokibo keito ni okeru furyoku hatsuden system ni kansuru chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This survey includes the characteristics of small-scale power grids, feasibility studies on introduction of wind turbines in these grids, and statuses of application of wind turbines to isolated islands or the like in the advanced countries, in order to promote introduction of wind power generation systems in isolated islands or the like. It is concluded that small-capacity wind power generation systems can be possibly introduced in the intermediate- to large-scale grids in isolated islands, 1,500kW or larger in capacity, in the Tokyo, Kyushu and Okinawa Electric Power Companies' areas. A scheduled steamer ship for isolated islands can carry up to 10 ton track, and introduction of a small-scale wind turbine is more advantageous viewed from the transportation cost. Some foreign countries have the sites which have achieved a high percentage of grid connection of wind power units by stabilizing wind conditions and connecting them to the main high-voltage grids in different manners from those adopted in Japan. For developing wind turbine bodies, most of the foreign countries surveyed are concentrating their efforts on development and manufacture of large-size units, paying little attention on development of small-size wind turbines for isolated islands. For the future prospects, the promising concepts include adoption of wind turbines small in capacity and easy to transport and assemble, and hybrid systems combined with power storage units. (NEDO)

FY 1998 Report on development of large-scale wind power generation systems. Feasibility study on development of new technologies for wind power generation (Study on the development of wind power generation systems for small-scale power grids); 1998 nendo ogata furyoku hatsuden system kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Furyoku hatsuden shingijutsu kaihatsu kanosei chosa (shokibo keito ni okeru furyoku hatsuden system ni kansuru chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This survey includes the characteristics of small-scale power grids, feasibility studies on introduction of wind turbines in these grids, and statuses of application of wind turbines to isolated islands or the like in the advanced countries, in order to promote introduction of wind power generation systems in isolated islands or the like. It is concluded that small-capacity wind power generation systems can be possibly introduced in the intermediate- to large-scale grids in isolated islands, 1,500kW or larger in capacity, in the Tokyo, Kyushu and Okinawa Electric Power Companies' areas. A scheduled steamer ship for isolated islands can carry up to 10 ton track, and introduction of a small-scale wind turbine is more advantageous viewed from the transportation cost. Some foreign countries have the sites which have achieved a high percentage of grid connection of wind power units by stabilizing wind conditions and connecting them to the main high-voltage grids in different manners from those adopted in Japan. For developing wind turbine bodies, most of the foreign countries surveyed are concentrating their efforts on development and manufacture of large-size units, paying little attention on development of small-size wind turbines for isolated islands. For the future prospects, the promising concepts include adoption of wind turbines small in capacity and easy to transport and assemble, and hybrid systems combined with power storage units. (NEDO)

FY 1977 Annual report on Sunshine Project results. Survey and research on systems utilizing solar energy (Photovoltaic power generation systems); 1977 nendo taiyo energy riyo system chosa kenkyu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1978-03-31

This project is aimed at investigation on irradiation conditions of natural solar radiation to establish the performance evaluation methods; establishment of standard evaluation methods under natural solar radiation; and investigation on practical problems involved in the photovoltaic power generation systems. The research items are (1) photovoltaic power generation systems, and (2) standard evaluation methods for photovoltaic power generation systems installed on the ground. The item (1) includes the effect analysis in which existing Japanese residential buildings are selected to estimate possibility of installation of photovoltaic power generation systems and possible quantity of power generated; conceptual designs in which several systems conceivable at present are proposed and outlined, and a 30kW photovoltaic power generation system is taken up to investigate, e.g., solar cell arrays for the system, orthogonal conversion devices, associated facilities, conceptual designs of storage batteries, problems involved therein, and future research themes; and operation of the cell, which takes up operational examples of solar cell power sources, and operational problems viewed from the power transmission side. The item (2) proposes the standard evaluation methods (primary drafts) for the solar cell arrays and panels as those for photovoltaic power generation systems installed on the ground. (NEDO)

FY 1978 Annual report on Sunshine Project results. Survey and research on systems utilizing solar energy (Photovoltaic power generation systems); 1978 nendo taiyo energy riyo system chosa kenkyu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1979-03-01

This survey report provides the basic data for planning national projects to smoothly raise the large industry of solar cell industry in the future by studying how to promote the research and development projects for this area, continuously pursued from the establishment of the Sunshine Project. This report clarifies, first of all, the concept of long-term schedules for research and development of solar thermal power generation systems, based on which technical themes are concretely surveyed, and their economic viability and ripple effects on the other industries are analyzed. The industry of solar thermal power generation systems is a new industry, even based on the global horizons, backed up by the Japan's high-technological areas of electronics and semiconductor industries. It is one of important projects to be urgently developed, also viewed from the above standpoint. This report describes the long-term visions of solar thermal power generation systems, and the research and development projects therefor; stock materials for solar cells and problems involved therein; research and development projects for low-cost solar cells; photovoltaic power generation systems, and the research and development projects therefor; conceptual designs of photovoltaic power generation systems; and standard analytical procedures for solar cells, and technical problems involved therein. (NEDO)

Research and development of photovoltaic power system. Development of novel technologies for fabrication of high quality silicon thin films for solar cells; Taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Kohinshitsu silicon usumaku sakusei gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shimizu, T [Kanazawa University, Ishikawa (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for development of novel technologies for fabrication of high quality thin films of silicon for solar cells. The study on the mechanisms and effects of chemical annealing reveals that the film structure greatly varies depending on substrate temperature during the hydrotreatment process, based on the tests with substrate temperature, deposition of superthin film (T1) and hydrotreatment (T2) as the variable parameters. Chemical annealing at low temperature produces a high-quality a-Si:H film of low defect content. The study on fabrication of thin polycrystalline silicon films at low temperature observes on real time the process of deposition of the thin films on polycrystalline silicon substrates, where a natural oxide film is removed beforehand from the substrate. The results indicate that a thin polycrystalline silicon film of 100% crystallinity can be formed even on a polycrystalline silicon substrate by controlling starting gas composition and substrate temperature. The layer-by-layer method is used as the means for forming the seed crystals on a glass substrate, where deposition and hydrotreatment are repeated alternately, to produce the thin crystalline silicon films of high crystallinity. 3 figs.

Achievement reports on joint research of solar energy power generation field test project in fiscal 1997. Part 1 of 3; 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo kyodo kenkyu seika hokokusho 1/3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-08-01

This report is a collection of 101 achievement reports on joint research of solar energy power generation field test project. The contents of the achievement reports are the results and generalization of the joint research with respect to the solar energy power generation field test project. As regards the locations of executing the joint research, the locations by areas and applications are stated. By areas, the joint research was carried out on gymnasiums, parks, recreation centers in the standard areas, universities, sports facilities, public halls, agricultural associations, aged persons' homes, primary, middle and high schools, prefectural office buildings and industrial technology centers in cold districts; prefectural office buildings, agricultural associations, universities, museums, industrial technology centers in good insolation districts; museums, primary, middle and high schools, parks in strong wind and salt polluted districts; and universities and police stations in snowy districts. By applications, the joint research was performed on life cooperative halls, factories, nursery schools, hospitals, clinics, local newspaper companies, indoor warm-water swimming pools, and mushroom fields. (NEDO)

Achievement reports on joint research of solar energy power generation field test project in fiscal 1997. Part 2 of 3; 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo kyodo kenkyu seika hokokusho 2/3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-08-01

This report is a collection of 26 achievement reports on joint research of a solar energy power generation field test project. The major contents of the achievement reports relate to the solar energy power generation field test project (summarized as manufacture and installation of solar energy power generation systems, summary of solar energy power generation facilities, peripheral devices, and daily schedule of the construction). The reports describe achievements of the joint research (names and achievements of the joint research, study presentation, lectures, literatures, status of patents, similar research in and cooperation with other research institutions), generalization of the research, and future problems. Locations of the joint research carried out are libraries, kindergartens, health and welfare centers, children's culture centers, general traffic centers, primary and middle schools, river water purifying facilities, credit banks, manufactories, retail shops at car parking areas, office buildings, hospitals, joint prefectural office buildings, municipal health centers, and prefectural general power generation control stations. (NEDO)

FY 1978 Annual report on Sunshine Project results. Survey and research on systems utilizing solar energy (Photovoltaic power generation systems); 1978 nendo taiyo energy riyo system chosa kenkyu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1979-03-01

This survey report provides the basic data for planning national projects to smoothly raise the large industry of solar cell industry in the future by studying how to promote the research and development projects for this area, continuously pursued from the establishment of the Sunshine Project. This report clarifies, first of all, the concept of long-term schedules for research and development of solar thermal power generation systems, based on which technical themes are concretely surveyed, and their economic viability and ripple effects on the other industries are analyzed. The industry of solar thermal power generation systems is a new industry, even based on the global horizons, backed up by the Japan's high-technological areas of electronics and semiconductor industries. It is one of important projects to be urgently developed, also viewed from the above standpoint. This report describes the long-term visions of solar thermal power generation systems, and the research and development projects therefor; stock materials for solar cells and problems involved therein; research and development projects for low-cost solar cells; photovoltaic power generation systems, and the research and development projects therefor; conceptual designs of photovoltaic power generation systems; and standard analytical procedures for solar cells, and technical problems involved therein. (NEDO)

Evaluation and analysis of long-term operation data for a grid connected PV generation system; Nippon de hajimete no gyakuchoryu ari kojin jutaku taiyoko hatsuden system no choki unten jisseki no hyoka kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishida, T.; Kozuma, S.; Hagihara, R.; Kishi, H.; Uchihashi, K.; Tsuda, S.; Nakano, S. [Sanyo Denki Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Long-term operation of a photovoltaic power generation system installed in a private residence in Osaka in 1992 is evaluated. Since the sale of power by back flow was approved five years ago, it has been working continuously without troubles. The evaluation covers the array output coefficient, inverter performance, system output coefficient, and power generation and sale track records. The findings obtained are mentioned below. Regular seasonal changes are observed in the array output coefficient, high in winter and low in summer, but the variation is smaller in amorphous arrays than in polycrystalline arrays. The monthly level of inverter performance is almost in all months higher than 0.90 specified for standard operation. The overall system output coefficient is 0.749, which is higher than the average value in NEDO`s field test business report. A total of 7852kWh has been generated since the system started operation five years ago, of which 3787kWh or 48% has been sold. 3 refs., 9 figs., 5 tabs.

New Sunshine Program for Fiscal 2000. International cooperative project for developing photovoltaic power system practicalization technology (General edition); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijustu kaihatsu kokusai kyoryoku jigyo (Sogoban)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Fiscal 2000 international cooperation for the research, development, and popularization of photovoltaic power systems is compiled. In carrying out international cooperation relating to the photovoltaic power generation program of IEA (International Energy Agency), etc., officers were sent to the 15th and 16th executive committee meetings, where they deliberated on plan formulation and budget making. They also participated in the activities of Task 1: Exchange and dissemination of information on photovoltaic power systems, Task 2: Operational performance and design of photovoltaic power systems and subsystems, Task 3: Use of photovoltaic power systems in stand-alone and island applications, Task 5: Design and grid interconnection of building integrated and other dispersed photovoltaic systems, Task 7: Photovoltaic power systems in the built environment, Task 8: Study on very large scale photovoltaic power generation systems in deserts and other unexploited regions, and Task 9: Technical co-operation for photovoltaic market deployment. A discussion was made on the holding of a 4th IEA photovoltaic power system executive conference. In addition, Japan-Australia and Japan-Oman bilateral cooperative projects were implemented. (NEDO)

Achievement reports on joint research of solar energy power generation field test project in fiscal 1997. Part 1 of 3; 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo kyodo kenkyu seika hokokusho 1/3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-08-01

This report is a collection of 101 achievement reports on joint research of solar energy power generation field test project. The contents of the achievement reports are the results and generalization of the joint research with respect to the solar energy power generation field test project. As regards the locations of executing the joint research, the locations by areas and applications are stated. By areas, the joint research was carried out on gymnasiums, parks, recreation centers in the standard areas, universities, sports facilities, public halls, agricultural associations, aged persons' homes, primary, middle and high schools, prefectural office buildings and industrial technology centers in cold districts; prefectural office buildings, agricultural associations, universities, museums, industrial technology centers in good insolation districts; museums, primary, middle and high schools, parks in strong wind and salt polluted districts; and universities and police stations in snowy districts. By applications, the joint research was performed on life cooperative halls, factories, nursery schools, hospitals, clinics, local newspaper companies, indoor warm-water swimming pools, and mushroom fields. (NEDO)

Research and development of system to utilize photovoltaic energy. Survey on system and peripheral technologies for utilization of photovoltaic power; Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Riyo system ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the survey results on systems and peripheral technologies for use of PV power in fiscal 1994. On the case study of PV communities, as housing zone PV community, Seibu Kitanodai housing estate mainly composed of detached houses, and the Suwa area of Tama New Town of apartment houses were selected to study PV power generation on a roof, wall and window. The result clarified that generated energy of a detached house reaches 3-4 times as much as consumed one, that of an apartment house is nearly equal to consumed one, and power generation of nearly 380MW is possible based on expected housing supply until 2000. As urban core zone PV community, the survey result on Ebisu Garden Place clarified that the expected PV power supply rate is 10% or more, 20% and 30% or more for hotel and office buildings, high-rise apartment building more than 30 stories, and medium-rise one of 10 and several stories, respectively. In Sakura industrial estate, the maximum generated power was nearly equal to consumed power in a weekday, and as inverse power flow in a holiday was considered, the annual PV power supply rate was extremely high.

Research and development of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power systems. Study of nickel-hydride storage battery for photovoltaic generation systems; Shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyoko hatsuden`yo suiso denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of nickel-hydride storage battery for photovoltaic generation systems in fiscal 1994. (1) On the study on low-cost electrode materials, the physical properties and electrode characteristics were studied of the prototype hydrogen absorbing alloys prepared by substituting Cu or Ni for Co in Mm(Ni-Co-Mn-Al)5 (Mm: mixture of rare earth elements). The result clarified that it is difficult to reduce Co content in the alloy to 0.4 atom or less. Simple heat treatment and milling processes in production of hydrogen absorbing alloy electrodes were achieved by adopting an improved metal mold and gas atomization method. Characteristics and cycle life of the Ni positive electrode prepared by applying active paste material of Ni(OH)2 were studied, however, the result showed only lives of nearly 300 cycles. (2) On the study on electrode structure for high-performance (long-life) battery, the 3-D porous metal electrode support was evaluated, and various battery configurations were studied. 11 figs., 1 tab.

FY 1998 annual report on the compilation of the data related to new energy technology development. Photovoltaic power generation; 1998 nendo shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The data, centered by those related to generation of photovoltaic (PV) power as one branch of new energy, are collected and systematically compiled under the following fields. (Significance of adopting PV power systems) describes, e.g., CO2 reduction effect and energy pay-back time for different customers, i.e., nation, local governments, industries and individual households. (Present status of solar cell markets) describes solar cell production by region, cell technology and industry; shipments by application; production values; and prices. (PV system policies overseas) compares the policies of the industrialized countries for PV power systems with those of Japan. (Introduction of PV power systems overseas) compares situations of various countries in PV power system introduction with those of Japan with respect to estimated quantities of PV systems installed and target quantities. (Financial supports for PV power system installation) describes subsidies, tax benefits and loans adopted in Japan. Other items covered herein include transition of PV-related budgets, flow of PV system introduction, measures taken by central and local governments, and contacts for PV-related enterprises. (NEDO)

33rd Solar Energy Promotion Committee Meeting - 8th Photovoltaic Power Liaison Meeting. Report for fiscal 1995; Dai 33 kai taiyo energy suishin iinkai dai 8 kai taiyoko hatsuden renrakukai (1995 nendo hokoku)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-04-22

The above-named events were convened in the period of April 22-24, 1996, when a total of 46 presentations were given on research achievements. In the session on crystalline Si systems, 9 essays were presented, and a discussion was held about 'Technological tasks for realizing 20% efficient module.' In the session on ultrahigh III-V group systems, 4 essays were presented, and a discussion was held on 'Tasks about technology development for ultrahigh efficiency III-V compound solar cell.' In the session on thin film (a-Si) systems, 14 essays were presented, including one about an approach toward the elucidation of photodegradation. In the symposium, a subject 'System-to-cell transverse task' was discussed. In the session on system related matters, 10 essays were presented, and a discussion was held about 'Architecture and photovoltaic system.' In the session on thin film (thin film polycrystalline Si, chalcopyrite) systems, 8 essays were presented, and a subject was discussed titled 'Toward the establishment of a system of widespread diffusion and massive introduction.' (NEDO)

33rd Solar Energy Promotion Committee Meeting - 8th Photovoltaic Power Liaison Meeting. Report for fiscal 1995; Dai 33 kai taiyo energy suishin iinkai dai 8 kai taiyoko hatsuden renrakukai (1995 nendo hokoku)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-04-22

The above-named events were convened in the period of April 22-24, 1996, when a total of 46 presentations were given on research achievements. In the session on crystalline Si systems, 9 essays were presented, and a discussion was held about 'Technological tasks for realizing 20% efficient module.' In the session on ultrahigh III-V group systems, 4 essays were presented, and a discussion was held on 'Tasks about technology development for ultrahigh efficiency III-V compound solar cell.' In the session on thin film (a-Si) systems, 14 essays were presented, including one about an approach toward the elucidation of photodegradation. In the symposium, a subject 'System-to-cell transverse task' was discussed. In the session on system related matters, 10 essays were presented, and a discussion was held about 'Architecture and photovoltaic system.' In the session on thin film (thin film polycrystalline Si, chalcopyrite) systems, 8 essays were presented, and a subject was discussed titled 'Toward the establishment of a system of widespread diffusion and massive introduction.' (NEDO)

Achievement reports on joint research of solar energy power generation field test project in fiscal 1997. Part 3 of 3; 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo kyodo kenkyu seika hokokusho 3/3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-08-01

This report is a collection of 40 achievement reports on joint research of a solar energy power generation field test project. The major contents of the achievement reports relate to the solar energy power generation field test project (summarized as manufacture and installation of solar energy power generation systems, summary of solar energy power generation facilities, status of installation of solar cells, peripheral devices, and daily schedule of the construction). The reports describe achievements of the joint research (names and achievements of the joint research, study presentation, lectures, literatures, status of patents, similar research in and cooperation with other research institutions), generalization of the research, and future problems. Locations of the joint research carried out are hospitals, township hospitals, a science hall for youths, study and educational cities, primary schools, middle schools, high schools, universities, senior health centers, a life cooperative association, retails shops, factories, office buildings, joint governmental office buildings, Shinkansen stations, prefectural industrial testing centers, health and welfare centers, FM broadcasting studios, a town operated hall of technologies, prefectural office buildings and training centers. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power utilizing system and peripheral technologies (Research and development of novel type solar cell module integratable with building materials - Highly durable roof module); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinkenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi module no kenkyu kaihatsu - kotaikyusei yane module)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

A thin-film solar array, a large roof panel, and an interconnecting power conditioner are integrated into one and single structural member for the development of a residential photovoltaic power system in which a unit AC (alternating current) output is collected from each panel. In fiscal 1999, in the study of highly durable materials for solar cell modules and of their structure, a thin film compound solar cell module was enlarged to 82cm times 71cm, evaluated for performance, and installed on the third test house. In the study of collecting AC power from the solar cell module, a compact power conditioner for a roof panel which had been in test operation on the roof of the laboratory since 1998 was checked for practical performance, improved, and evaluated for system generation efficiency. In the study of a highly durable roof module structure, problems pertaining to heat radiation from the rear side steel sheet, the burning of the junction box, etc., were solved, and the module passed a verification test under the Building Standard Law. In the validation of the roof module for which power generation performance and meteorological conditions had already been continuously measured for 19 months, it was found that the roof module suffered no troubles such as water leak or deformation. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Research and development of building material integrated solar cell modules - high-durability roof modules); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinkenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi module no kenkyu kaihatsu (kotaikyusei yane module))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

With the target set on a system with a roof array efficiency of 8.5%, and a system cost of 170 yen/W, development is being made on a large roof panel and its construction technology, which is capable of AC output by integrating into a large roof panel the compound thin film solar cells having glass/CdS/CdTe/rear air chamber/rear metal, and the inverter. In the cell constituting materials and the structure design, sealants were evaluated, the painting process was developed, and two kinds of structures were prepared. The frameless type has a lamination structure, and a prototype module of 886 times 664 mm was fabricated, and the frame type has a double sealing structure, and a prototype module 600 times 900 mm was fabricated. Prototype modules that can be fixed on a rail type fixing stand were fabricated and constructed, having demonstrated sufficient workability. In addition, a prototype small inverter with system coordination protection was operated actually, and the initial stage malfunctions were corrected. Two demonstration buildings were built, and the whole process was performed from assembly and transportation of the modules and to the installation thereof at the construction site. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power utilizing system and peripheral technologies (Research and development of novel type solar cell module integratable with building materials - Novel multilayer structure module); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinkenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi module no kenkyu kaihatsu - shinfukuso kozo module)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The project aims to develop solar cell modules of a novel multilayer structure, based on the resin filling structure, hollow structure, and the laminate structure, and integratable with building materials. In fiscal 1999, for the development of cells and submodule structures, cells and submodules were fabricated which were usable with various specimens. In the case of design oriented cells, electrode structures and linkage methods were improved for the enhancement of power generation performance, and a hollow structure and a laminate structure were fabricated. As for the 4m{sup 2}-large module (laminate structure), a specimen with dummy cells arranged along its periphery was fabricated. For cost reduction, a study was made about a module (laminate structure) integrated with an ALC (autoclaved lightweight concrete) board, and the kind of surface glass, cell arrangement, and back sheet types and their respective designs were evaluated. It was then concluded that the module was fit for practical application. The module was then checked for wind endurance in a wind endurance test, for electric characteristics, and for flame inhibition capability in a fire prevention/resistance test. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the results of the joint study - project on the public facility use photovoltaic power generation field test; 1999 nendo kokyo shisetsunadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo kyodo kenkyu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-07-01

In the field test, solar cell panels were installed on rooftop, and inverters were installed indoors. The electric power generated was connected at high pressure with electric installation of facilities and was also supplied to power equipment, lighting, air conditioning, etc. in facilities. The FY 1999 results were summarized. The installation of photovoltaic power generation facilities at 137 places and the results of the study were summarized in this report including a new university co-op building, Tokyo Metropolitan Advanced Technology Education Center, Suwano Center House of Fukushima prefecture, Environment Center of Saga prefecture, Educational Foundation Utsukushino Kindergarten, Hikarigaoka Park of Yamagata prefecture, Koiwai factory of Koiwai Dairy Products Co., Social Welfare Corporation Kameyama Ayumi Nursery School, etc. (NEDO)

Research and development of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of redox flow battery for photovoltaic power generation; Shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyoko hatsuden`yo redox denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of redox flow battery for photovoltaic power generation in fiscal 1994. (1) On the production method of electrolyte, silica reduction treatment was attempted to use ammonium metavanadate recovered from boiler as electrolyte of redox flow battery. Silica removal rates more than 90% were achieved by crystallizing V as polyvanadate while keeping molten silica. It was ascertained in minicell experiment that trivalent and quadrivalent V electrolytes produced from recovered V are applicable to continuous charge/discharge operation for one week. (2) On development of battery systems, the relation between battery characteristics and physicochemical properties of carbon fiber electrodes was studied to improve carbon fiber electrodes. The efficiency of 80% was achieved at current density of 160mA/cm{sup 2} by use of layered electrodes, resulting in considerable cost reduction. Performance evaluation operation of the 2kW battery prepared in the last fiscal year was also carried out. 4 figs.

Feasibility study for international collaboration on photovoltaic power generation and long-distance energy transmission technologies utilizing desert areas environment; Sabaku chiiki wo riyoshita taiyoko hatsuden chokyori yuso gijutsu ni kakawaru kokusai kyoryoku kanosei chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

A workshop was held at Tokyo in March, 1997 on the research and development and feasibility study for international collaboration on photovoltaic (PV) power generation and long-distance energy transmission technologies utilizing desert areas environment. Two speakers from the USA, one from Italy, and two from China were invited, and four speakers in Japan presented papers. A total of 48 persons participated. In the technical sessions, `World energy demand and PV system potential` by Prof. Kurokawa, `Long distance transmission of PV power` by Mr. A. Invenizzi, `Case studies of large scale PV systems distributed throughout desert areas of the world` by Mr. Hirasawa, `Linking renewable energy resources around the world` by Mr. P. Meisen, `Properties of large scale PV plant in the USA` by Mr. J. Benner, `Future prospect of PV electrification in China` by Mr. Kong Li, `Application of large-scale PV systems in deserts in China` by Mr. Isomura, and `Effects of large-scale PV power plant in a climatic desert areas` by Prof. Ihara were presented. 38 refs., 62 figs., 29 tabs.

Fiscal 1998 survey report. Assessment and analysis of collected data in wind power generation field test project; 1998 nendo furyoku hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru shushu data hyoka kaiseki chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Examination was made on wind conditions, power generating characteristics, and the reliability of a system by analyzing the operation record of the wind power generation equipment which was installed at Hiraizumi-cho, Nishi-Iwai gun, Iwate prefecture and at Misaki-cho, Miura-shi, Kanagawa prefecture. The equipment at Hiraizumi had a rated output of 490 kW, and at Miura 400 kW. The period of the examination was from April, 1998 through February, 1999, the items for data collection being the generator output, generated energy, average wind velocity, record of abnormality occurrence, and maximum wind velocity. At Hiraizumi, annual average utilization rate was 12.9%; annual average operation rate, 49.9%; average wind velocity, 4.6 m/s; and maximum wind velocity of the period, 31 m/s. At Miura, annual average utilization rate was 16.5%; annual average operation rate, 77.0%; and average wind velocity, 5.0 m/s. The utilization rate is desirably 17%. The top three abnormalities were drop in AC control voltage, actuation of main shaft brake and eddy current/actuation of open phase relay, accounting for 83.3% of the total abnormalities at Hiraizumi, while they were unbalance in current, grid drop and automatic unwinding of cable, accounting for 74.5% at Miura. (NEDO)

Tidal energy conversion. Renewable energy; 3-3 choseki / choryu hatsuden. II. saisei kano energy ni yoru hatsuden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Makino, T. [Tobishima Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1998-10-15

There are not much examples applying tidal energy conversion, but tide and tidal current phenomena can be forecasted so correctly regardless of weather that the applying tidal energy is to be expected in the future. The largest tidal power plant is at Reims in France and install 24 Kaplan turbines each of which outlet power is 10,000kW (rotational direction is reversible) on the breakwater (750m is length). Tidal range at this place being 8.5m on an average, during the period of flowing seawater into the reservoir and on the contrary during the period of discharging seawater to the sea generation is both performed. Though there is no actual result of tidal power plant in Japan, in tidal current power system experimental generators have been installed at Kurushima channel and Naruto channel. Nihon University carried out various kinds of experiment using a Darius turbine (1.6m in dia.) at Kurushima channel and got outlet power of 3kW at the maximum (1983-`88). There are few coasts which have sufficient tide range in Japan, but there are so good many applicable coasts in China and Southeast Asia that the tidal power generation is to be expectatively. 12 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.

Photovoltaic power generating system; Sanso zetsuengata taiyoko inverter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nojima, T; Nakashima, T; Muta, Y; Takase, K; Hirayama, K [Nishimu Electronics Industries Co. Ltd., Saga (Japan)

1996-10-27

Nishimu Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. has developed a new series of inverters of three phase photovoltaic power generating system with the output ranging from 10 kVA to 50 kVA. For these inverters, the inverter and the system interconnection protector were integrated to make them smaller, lighter and cheaper. Stand-alone operation function was also added. The DC input voltage ranges were between 240 and 400 V for the crystalline solar cell, and between 170 and 400 V for the amorphous one. From the viewpoint of control of inverters, the inverters are generally controlled by the voltage-type current control method during the interconnection operation, while they must be controlled by the voltage-type voltage control method during the stand-alone operation which is the same as the UPS usually operated alone. For the present inverters, two control circuits for the interconnection operation and for the stand-alone operation were prepared. The control circuits for interconnection and stand-alone operations were switched using a cam-operation switch for change-over of operation. The results of the system interconnection verification tests satisfied the criteria of Japan`s Electronic Products Test Center. 3 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1998 on joint research business (2/2). Photovoltaic power generation field test for public facilities; 1998 nendo kokyo shisetsu nadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo (2/2). Kyodo kenkyu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

Photovoltaic power generation systems are experimentally installed at public facilities at various locations, and subjected to field tests in which they experience long-term operation under real loads. Mie Prefectural Iidaka Senior/Junior High School has a 10kW solar cell system installed on the south-side roof of the school house. The system is linked to an in-house transformation station and the power generated by the system is supplied to the lighting and air-conditioning facilities in the building, and surplus if any is transmitted to the Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc., system. A field test is being conducted to determine if there are usability and safety in the 10kW system. A number of like systems are undergoing field tests, installed at a comprehensive technological training center of Kyushu Electric Power Safety Association, Kongo Gakuen Senior High School, Sakata Nursery School, Taiyo Daiichi Nursery School, Minami Kindergarten, Neyagawa Ishizu Old People's Home, Co-Op Living Konan, Factory Hishimeki, Tochigi Fuji Industries, Gamo-cho Hirabayashi Public Hall, Fukuoka Prefectural Culture Complex, Yatsusugi Forest Schooling Center, Osaka Prefectural Murano Water Purification Plant, Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences, Utatsu-cho Town Office, Ginga Gakuen Junior High School, etc. (NEDO)

Subsidized project for development of technology in putting photovoltaic power generation system into practice. Report of international joint demonstrative R and D on photovoltaic power generation system; Taiyoko hatsuden system kokusai kyodo jissho kaihatsu hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The following joint researches are in progress utilizing natural conditions and social systems in Nepal, Mongolia, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam for the purpose of enhancing environmental adaptability, reliability, etc., of technologies. (1) Nepal; accelerated demonstrative research utilizing highland conditions, (2) Mongolia; demonstrative research of movable type photovoltaic power generation system, (3) Thailand; demonstrative research of photovoltaic generation system for battery-charging stations, (4) Malaysia; accelerated demonstrative research utilizing tropical conditions, and (5) Vietnam; demonstrative research of hybrid system on photovoltaic power generation and micro hydro power generation. The research assets of (1) and (3) whose researches have been finished were provided gratis for the co-researcher countries. In (5), on the basis of the geographical conditions such as annual average quantity of solar radiation, conduit for water-turbine, energy complementing relation, load demand, and degree of installation difficulty, Trang Village in Vietnam was selected, with a system decided on PV:100 kW/MH:25 kW/control system. The MH is an induction generator. The primary pieces of equipment are a generator, a storage battery, an inverter and a system control panel. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1998 on joint research business (2/2). Photovoltaic power generation field test for industrial purposes; 1998 nendo sangyo nadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo (2/2). Kyodo kenkyu gyomu seika hokokushyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

Solar cell systems are installed on the roofs of facilities at various locations, and verification tests are conducted for usability and safety they will exhibit after prolonged operation under real loads, and this project aims at the popularization of photovoltaic systems. At Children's Ferrite and Science Museum of Nikaho Town, Akita Prefecture, a 20kW solar cell system is installed on the rooftop, and a 20kW inverter in the machine house. The power obtained is connected in a high-voltage interconnection to electric facilities in the museum, and supplied to in-house power facilities, illuminating systems, and air-conditioning equipment. Operation-related data are recorded in a data recording unit. Similar facilities are installed at corporations and institutions such as WAIDA Works, Kuriyama Shop, Nikko Building, Kiya Works, Aichi Prefectural Tobishima Junior High School, Gunma Prefectural Niisato Hall of Commerce and Industry, Ube Techno-Enji Corporation, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Kinki Kensetsu K.K., Takaoka Electric Manufacturing Company, Aichi Prefectural Incorporated Educational Institution Miura Gakuen, Asaguchi Taxi Company, Family Mart, etc., and field tests are under way for them. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1998 on joint research business (1/2). Photovoltaic power generation field test for public facilities; 1998 nendo kokyo shisetsu nadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo (1/2). Kyodo kenkyu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

Photovoltaic power generation systems are experimentally installed at public facilities at various locations, and subjected to field tests in which they experience long-term operation under real loads. At Livelihood Cooperative Association Co-Op Kanagawa, a photovoltaic cell system is installed on the roof, facing true south, of its Yokohama eastern district joint purchase center, and the power generated by the system is utilized as interconnected with the commercial distribution line connecting to its power facilities. It is called a '10kW Photovoltaic Power Generation Model System,' and is subjected to a verification test, carried over from the previous fiscal year, centering about its usability and safety. Similar systems are also installed at many locations, such as the Kadosawa Bridge district of Ebina City, Kanagawa Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, Shiga Prefectural University, Suntory Museum, Fukui Institute of Technology, Saigo Police Station, Higashi-Murayama Water Purification Plant, Kanagawa Prefectural Disaster Prevention Center, Toyosato-cho Health Center, Kyodo Gakusha School, Sakuragi Nursery School, Yagi Junior High School, Shizuoka Prefectural Environmental Radiation Monitoring Center, Tanabe City Health Center. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1998 on joint research business (2/2). Photovoltaic power generation field test for public facilities; 1998 nendo kokyo shisetsu nadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo (2/2). Kyodo kenkyu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

Photovoltaic power generation systems are experimentally installed at public facilities at various locations, and subjected to field tests in which they experience long-term operation under real loads. Mie Prefectural Iidaka Senior/Junior High School has a 10kW solar cell system installed on the south-side roof of the school house. The system is linked to an in-house transformation station and the power generated by the system is supplied to the lighting and air-conditioning facilities in the building, and surplus if any is transmitted to the Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc., system. A field test is being conducted to determine if there are usability and safety in the 10kW system. A number of like systems are undergoing field tests, installed at a comprehensive technological training center of Kyushu Electric Power Safety Association, Kongo Gakuen Senior High School, Sakata Nursery School, Taiyo Daiichi Nursery School, Minami Kindergarten, Neyagawa Ishizu Old People's Home, Co-Op Living Konan, Factory Hishimeki, Tochigi Fuji Industries, Gamo-cho Hirabayashi Public Hall, Fukuoka Prefectural Culture Complex, Yatsusugi Forest Schooling Center, Osaka Prefectural Murano Water Purification Plant, Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences, Utatsu-cho Town Office, Ginga Gakuen Junior High School, etc. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Research and development of building material integrated solar cell modules - modules with new multi-layer structure); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinkenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi module no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinfukuso kozo module))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Development is being made on a panel type module that can be used together with an air bubble concrete board (ALC board), and is provided with design characteristics. The development work includes trial fabrication and evaluation of a module with new multi-layer structure, and development of a technology to unitize cells and submodules, and a systematizing method. In the trial fabrication and evaluation, flame retardant and uninflammable modules using fluororesin, and modules with as large area as 4 m{sup 2} were fabricated on a trial basis, in addition to the modules with the basic structure. These modules were given evaluations on such wall material properties as wind pressure resistance, heat and cracking resistance, and fire resistance. In a deformation resistance test considering the integrated use with the ALC board, the developed modules showed a good result. In developing the cells with design characteristics, discussions were given on the inter-cell wiring methods. Development was made on a method to establish a unit structure based on the design and size of a building. In developing the systematization method, the trial fabrication method was applied to a module with lamination structure, a module integrated with the ALC board, and a large-area hollow module to have fabricated the top-light spandrels. (NEDO)

Research and development of photovoltaic power system. Study on growth mechanism of a-Si:H and preparation of the stable, high quality films; Taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu. Amorphous silicon no seimaku kiko to kohinshitsuka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hirose, M [Hiroshima University, Hiroshima (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1994-12-01

This paper reports the result obtained during fiscal 1994 on research on a film forming mechanism for amorphous silicon for solar cells and its quality improvement. In in-situ observation on plasma CVD surface reaction by using the total reflection infrared absorbing spectroscopy, an observation on a real time basis was performed on the reaction process of an a-Si:H surface in contact with gas mixture plasma composed of SiH4 + CH4. In microscopic observation on initial processes of amorphous silicon growth, surface morphological change before and after a-Si:H deposition at 200{degree}C was observed by using an inter-atomic force microscope. The observation verified that a-Si:H has grown to an atomic layer. In research on defect density in a-Si:H fabricated under high-speed film forming conditions, analysis was made on correlation between the film forming speed at 250{degree}C and defect density in the film. Other research works include those on a high-quality a-SiGe:H film fabricated by using the nanometer film forming/hydrogen plasma annealing method, modulated doping into multi-layer films of a-Si:H/a-Ge:H, and thin film transistor using very thin multi layer films of a-Si:H/a-Ge:H. 5 refs., 12 figs.

FY 2000 report on the results of the joint research - Field test project on the photovoltaic power generation for public facility use; 2000 nendo kyodokenkyu gyomu seika hokokusho. Kokyo shisetsu you taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-05-01

The paper arranged the FY 2000 results of the field test on the photovoltaic power generation for public facility use, etc. This report described in detail the results obtained at 237 places including the following: Social Welfare Corp. Seimei-kai, Kobe City (Hyogo Prefecture), Iitaka Town of Iinan County (Mie Prefecture), Kyushu Electric Safety Association, Educational Corp. Kongo Gakuen, Social Welfare Corp. Izumi-kai, Educational Corp. Shiobara Ikuei-kai, Educational Corp. Aiko Gakuen, Social Welfare Corp. Tachibana-kai, Cooperative Association Co-op Kobe, Social Welfare Corp. Hoshizuki-no-sato, Tochigi-Fuji Industrial Co., Hirabayashi Section of Gamo Town of Gamo County (Shiga Prefecture), Yanagawa City (Fukuoka Prefecture), Imadate City of Imadate County (Fukui Prefecture), Osaka Prefecture, Yamanashi Prefecture, Utazu Town of Ayauta County (Kagawa Prefecture), Educational Corp. Fukuyama Gakuen, New Energy Business Cooperative Association, Meitec Corp., Shikoku Medicom Co., Shizen Kobo Co., Educational Corp. Horikoshi Gakuen, Matama Town of Nishi-Kunisaki County (Oita Prefecture), Nio Town of Mitoyo County (Kagawa Prefecture), Educational Corp. Koshien Gakuin, Sansei Giken Co., Mitsui Greenland Co., AWI Mach Co., Nagoya City and Educational Corp. Kibogaoka Gakuen. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the results of the joint study - project on the industry use photovoltaic power generation field test. 2/3; 1999 nendo sangyonadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo kyodo kenkyu seika hokokusho. 2/3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-07-01

In the field test, solar cell panels were installed on rooftop, and inverters were installed indoors. The electric power generated was connected at high pressure with electric installation of facilities and was also supplied to power equipment, lighting, air conditioning, etc. in facilities. The FY 1999 results were summarized. The installation of photovoltaic power generation facilities at 38 places and the results of the study were summarized in this report including a new public office building of Nio town, Kagawa prefecture, General Welfare Center of Matsumae town, Ehime prefecture, General Culture Center of Nakajima town, Ehime prefecture, Educational Foundation Sugao School, Training Center of Japan Railway Co., etc. (NEDO)

Research and development of evaluation system for photovoltaic power generation system. Research and development on evaluation technology of photovoltaic power generating systems; Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. System hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of evaluation technology for photovoltaic power generating systems in fiscal 1994. (1) On preparation of test facility and measuring instrument, the pyrheliometer with a photovoltaic device as sensor was developed. (2) On collection and analysis of data, operation data of interconnection system, stand alone system, and water pump system were collected, and energy flow was analyzed. The following were also analyzed: time variation of a-Si solar cell modules, fluctuation correction factor of spectrum response, that of nonlinear response of crystalline solar cells, effect of solar radiation intensity and wind velocity on temperature rise of modules, and correction factor of DC circuit losses. (3) On on-site measurement technology, the array output measuring instrument was developed on the basis of capacitor charge system. (4) On simulation technology, simulation analyses of energy flow, optimum capacity of interconnection systems, correction factor of solar radiation, and capacity of array storage batteries were conducted. 3 figs., 6 tabs.

FY 1999 report on the results of the joint study - project on the industry use photovoltaic power generation field test. 1/3; 1999 nendo sangyonadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo kyodo kenkyu seika hokokusho. 1/3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-07-01

In the field test, solar cell panels were installed on rooftop, and inverters were installed indoors. The electric power generated was connected at high pressure with electric installation of facilities and was also supplied to power equipment, lighting, air conditioning, etc. in facilities. The FY 1999 results were summarized. The installation of photovoltaic power generation facilities at 88 places and the results of the study were summarized in this report including Social Welfare Corporation Seishoen, Maruto Co., Saga Sanyo Industries Co., Koyama Cranial Nerve Surgery/Internal Medicine Hospital, Tsuchiura Urban Development Co., Osaka Alloy Works, Suntory Limited, etc. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the results of the joint study - project on the industry use photovoltaic power generation field test. 3/3; 1999 nendo sangyonadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo kyodo kenkyu seika hokokusho. 3/3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-07-01

In the field test, solar cell panels were installed on rooftop, and inverters were installed indoors. The electric power generated was connected at high pressure with electric installation of facilities and was also supplied to power equipment, lighting, air conditioning, etc. in facilities. The FY 1999 results were summarized. The installation of photovoltaic power generation facilities at 39 places and the results of the study were summarized in this report including a community hall of Iwade town, Wakayama prefecture, Sugihara Industrial Co., a public library of Mabi town, Okayama prefecture, Social Welfare Corporation Shofukai Aiwaen, Japan Kodo Paper Industries Co., etc. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the verification test on the system interconnection of the photovoltaic power system in Malaysia; 1999 nendo Malaysia ni okeru taiyo denchi hatsuden system no keito renkei jissho shiken seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

JET and SIRIM Behad, which is the standards and industrial research institute in Malaysia, worked this project together, and installed the Photo Voltaic Generation System (hereinafter refferred to as 'PV system') on the roof of the research building for researching basic conditions in the practical use of the PV system by gathering basic data. The power quality of a supply system necessary for a grid connection of the PV system was researched in the evidential experiment. Moreover, the invasion level and the invasion frequency to the PV system of the thunder surge by the peculiar weather condition in this region were researched. In addition, the requisite for the islanding function for the alternative emergency power supply was investigated. The contents of this project were composed of the three items. (1) research of the power quality in low voltage distribution system. Before and after the PV system is connected with the supply system, basic data concerning the power quality of the voltage, the current, and the frequency fluctuation, etc. in the system was collected. (1)measurement and investigation of the power quality under the current low voltage distribution system. By connecting ad monitoring recorder with a lower voltage distribution system, the current power quality i.e. voltage, current, frequency the fluctuation of voltage and frequency at the regular time were measured and investigated. (2) The power quality in the supply system grid connection of the PV system was measured and investigated. The voltage and the frequency in the case of supply system grid connection of the PV system were compared with the current state of preceding clause 1 and the stability of the power quality was evaluated. Moreover the output power of the solar battery was connected with the measurement device and then the surface temperature of the solar battery module, DC voltage, current and quality of solar radiation were measured. The subject in the practical use of the PV system in Malaysia was extracted through these experiments. (2) Research of level and frequency of the thunder surge. 1. Measurement of level and frequency of the thunder surge by the thunder surge counter. The thunder surge counter was set up respectively on the positive line and the negative line of the solar battery. These signals are taken into the memory of the thunder surge counter, and the level and the frequency data of the thunder surge which invade the PV system were accumulated. 2. Evaluation by simulation. The PV system was evaluated to the thunder surge obtained in preceding clause 1 by the simulation. In addition the simulation analysis was conducted by the system equivalent circuit on the assumption of the thunder surge current at the location of the system. (3) Research of the islanding function of the PV system as the backup power supply was evaluated when blacking out. (NEDO)

Solar power satellite system; Uchu hatsuden system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sasaki, S [Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Tokyo (Japan)

1995-09-05

The solar power satellite system is a system that converts solar energy into electric energy in the space, transmits power to earth through wireless resort such as microwave and supplies energy of new concept. In order to realize this system it is necessary to have new technologies such as space power transmission at low cost, construction of large space buildings and wireless high power transmission. In this paper, the principles, characteristics and the necessary technology of this system were explained. Besides Japan`s SPS2000 Plan (cooperative research by universities, government agencies and private corporations on the model of solar power satellite) the group of Europe, Russia and the United States has also proposed some ideas concerning the solar power satellite system. As far as the microwave power transmission, which is the key technology for solar power satellite system, is concerned, ground demonstration tests at the level of several tens of kW are discussed in Canada and France. 3 refs., 3 figs.

Analysis and evaluation for practical application of photovoltaic power generation system. Analysis and evaluation for thin substrate polycrystalline solar cells (alloy-base amorphous materials, PIN layers, strains in the interface, and effects of impurities); Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka. Usumaku taiyo denchi jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka (gokinkei amorphous zairyo pin kakuso kaimen ni okeru yugami fujunbutsu nado no eikyo)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsuda, A; Oeda, H; Yamasaki, S; Hata, N; Kondo, M; Toshima, Y; Sakata, I; Ganguly, G; Suzuki, A; Kamei, T; Okushi, H; Nonaka, H; Oda, N; Katagiri, H; Ichimura, N; Kokubu, K; Nakamura, K; Sekikawa, T; Yamanaka, M [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for analysis and evaluation for thin film solar cells. The study on quantitative analysis of hydrogen atoms in a plasma determines quantity of hydrogen atoms in the plasma of monosilane diluted with hydrogen. It is found, contrary to expectation, that quantity of hydrogen atoms in the plasma decreases as it is more diluted with hydrogen. The study on light-induced degradation of the thin chlorine-base amorphous silicon films confirms that the plasma CVD method with 20% of dichlorosilane gas added to monosilane gas produces the thin amorphous silicon film 3 times faster than the conventional method. The thin film has essentially the same defect density as the one prepared by the conventional method, showing good photoelectric characteristics. The thin film of chlorinated amorphous silicon has a 1 digit lower defect density than the conventional one of amorphous silicon, as revealed by the accelerated degradation test with irradiated laser light and the constant current method to determine saturated defect density. 3 figs.

Research and development of photovoltaic power system. Study of carrier dynamics in a-Si from optical and optoelectronic properties; Taiyoko hatsuden system no kenky kaihatsu. Amorphous silicon no koden tokusei to sono carrier dynamics no kogakuteki kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hamakawa, K [Osaka University, Osaka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering Science

1994-12-01

This paper reports the result obtained during fiscal 1994 on research on an optical study of optoelectronic properties of amorphous silicon and its carrier dynamics. Studies have been performed on elucidation of the optoelectronic conversion mechanism in an a-Si film p-i-n junction system and the relationship of the mechanism with the optoelectronic properties. In the studies, optically induced defect level distribution was evaluated by using the modulated optical current spectroscopy, and confirmation was made on model forecast and qualitative agreement, such as large increase in neutral defect levels in association with beam irradiation. In research on elucidation of a film forming mechanism for a-Si based alloys, and material property control, a high-sensitivity reflective infrared spectroscopy was used to observe mechanisms such as treatments and processes given in device fabrication. In research on optical and optoelectronic properties of an s-Si alloy thin film by using the modulated spectroscopy, a new evaluation technology dealing with amorphous semiconductors was developed. The technology separately evaluates carrier migration factors of electrons and holes by combining polarization angle dependence of electro-absorption signals with hole migration measurements. 4 figs.

Research and development of evaluation system for photovoltaic power generation system. Research and development of evaluation systems for photovoltaic cells and modules; Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyo denchi hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of the evaluation system for solar cells in fiscal 1994. (1) On development of the performance evaluation method for solar cells, data collection, analysis and measurement of atmospheric conditions necessary for outdoor measurement were carried out to improve the measurement accuracy of laminated solar cells. The validity of measurement methods was verified by comparing experimental results with outdoor measurement ones to improve the indoor measurement accuracy by multiple light source solar simulator. Generated energy in solar cell module level was also studied in field. (2) On development of the reliability evaluation method for solar cells, deterioration data were collected and analyzed by long-term exposure test. As a result, it was clarified that Pmax values are directly affected by seasonal change in air mass, and deterioration of solar cells is hardly found after exposure test for one year, showing a stable state. The characteristic recovery experiment of amorphous solar cell modules was carried out, and the accelerated deterioration test method of thin film cell modules was also studied. 2 figs.

Research and development of evaluation system for photovoltaic power generation system. Survey on research and development of solar cell evaluation system; Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyo denchi hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the survey results on R and D of solar cell evaluation systems in fiscal 1994. The performance/reliability evaluation subcommittee continuously analyzed technical issues and discussed solution measures from the last fiscal year. On development of performance evaluation methods, improvement of measurement accuracy for laminated solar cells is the study issue to be solved. Although laminated solar cells are measured by multiple light source solar simulator, difficult spectrum compensation causes measurement errors. Collection and analysis of data for determining atmospheric conditions, and outdoor measurement experiment under the atmospheric conditions for reference solar light were carried out. The study on incident angle characteristics of laminated solar cells clarified that the deviation from COS characteristics is 1.0% or less at an incident angle of 30{degree}. The study on generated energy in solar cell module level in field clarified that generated energy and generation efficiency are proportional to intensity of solar radiation. 1 tab.

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Research and development of new building material integrated solar cell modules - investigation and research on analysis of practical application); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinkenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi module no kenkyu kaihatsu (jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

In order to promote the research to put new building material integrated solar cell modules into practical use, the following items were investigated: (1) functions and specifications for harmonizing with buildings, (2) new module materials that can respond to building materials, (3) marketability, (4) standardization of the assessment methods, (5) consistency with relevant legislation and related institutions, (6) effects on environment as building materials, and (7) investigation on technological trends inside and outside the country. In Item (1), the significance of developing the new building material integrated solar cell modules was made clear. In Item (2), the performance requirements on the currently used module materials were put into order. In Item (3), the market size was investigated, and assignments to establishing the market were put into order, such as the distribution and construction institutions, and assistance to the system introduction. In Item (4), standardization and unification of the assessment methods were discussed, and the items to be standardized were extracted. In Item (6), LCA on the currently used modules was performed. In Item (7), participation was made to the second solar beam power generation conference and EUROSUN '98; investigations were made on trends of developing the new building material integrated solar cell modules and how the recycling related legislation is being progressed; and the achievements in the development activities were confirmed, and the assignments were investigated at the new building material integrated solar cell module subcommittee. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of commercialization technology of the photovoltaic power system. R and D of the photovoltaic power generation utilization system/periphery technology (R and D of the new solar cell module integrated with construction materials - Investigative study on analysis for commercialization); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu, Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system, shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (Shinkenzai ittaigata taiyodenchi mojuru no kenkyu kaihatsu - Jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For the purpose of supporting the study for commercialization of the new module integrated with construction materials, survey of the technical trend of the new module integrated with construction materials in Japan and abroad was conducted, and the FY 2000 results were summarized. As to the module material correspondent to construction materials, the results of the survey made in the past three years were summarized, and the subjects to be considered in future were arranged from a viewpoint of disposal/recycle of modules. Concerning the marketability, various policies for the spread of solar cell module that is an immature good were arranged. Survey was also made of the photovoltaic power system using the field test project as a sample, and the following were made clear: The photovoltaic power generation has appeal for environmental consideration and energy conservation; In some cases, the power generation effect was not as much as expected because the information on design/construction is not sufficient. Relating to the evaluation of its effect on the environment, the paper summarized the environmental influence in each of the module methods at each stage of production/utilization/disposal and the basic items for measures to cope with the influence. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on new type solar cells); 1974 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Shingatashiki taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-27

This report summarizes the fiscal 1974 research result on R and D of new type solar cells, which includes researches on (1) solar cell structure, (2) packaging, and (3) improvement of a conversion efficiency. In the 1st research, theoretical study was made on the relation between a solar cell efficiency and various design factors to obtain basic data for ordinary cell structure and vertical junction type cell structure. As impurity source, a thermal diffusion method using doped oxide by CVD was compared with that using boron nitride, resulting in no difference in solar cell characteristics between both methods. The measurement results on contact resistances of Al, Fe and Ni with electrodes prepared by electron beam deposition showed that these materials are applicable to Si more than 10{sup 18}/cm{sup 3} in impurity density as electrode materials. In the 2nd research, exposure tests were made on some kinds of specimens, resulting in no troubles. Study was made on production costs and structures suitable for automatic production of 4 kinds of packages with different basic structures. In the 3rd research, the prototype solar cell was prepared to use under solar radiation within 20SUNS. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on Si ribbon crystal horizontal pulling method); 1974 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system seika hokokusho. Silicon yokohiki ribbon kessho no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-01

The ribbon crystal horizontal pulling process first supplies Si melt from a continuous Si material supply equipment to a pulling bath which is formed by a quartz crucible and heater. Supplied melt is heated by the pulling bath heater to keep its molten condition. The pulling bath is piled up to the top rim of the quartz crucible by supplied melt, forming the liquid surface of the pulling bath. A plane crystal seed is contacted with melt nearly horizontally. A crystal growth layer is formed at the solid-liquid interface of the contact part of the seed by controlling a heat control equipment and bath heating power. Non-dendrite growth is better in crystal quality than the others. Among non-dendrite growth methods, a horizontal pulling method is more excellent in fast pulling of wider ribbon crystals than a vertical one. Among horizontal pulling methods, Toyo Silicon Co.' method discharges heat into gas phase by using free surface including the vicinity of the seed as cooling surface, while Bleil method uses a solid heat sink for heat release, resulting in slower crystal growth. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1976 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on new type solar cell); 1976 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Shingatashiki taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-05-30

This report describes the fiscal 1976 research result on new type solar cells for photovoltaic power systems. On junction formation, the solar cell fabricated by spray coating showed output characteristics equivalent to that by rotary coating or phase diffusion, and inexpensive coating liquid, 1/40 of commercially available liquid in price, showed a sufficient result, however, the conversion efficiency of P{sup +}/N elements was insufficient. Schottky barrier polycrystal Si thin film was suitable for large-area elements without any property degradation. Small grain boundary density of polycrystal layers was also necessary. Temperature characteristics of collector element structure with a comb electrode were calculated theoretically. Change in diffusion length of minority carriers due to temperature well agreed between measured and calculated ones. Optimization calculation was also carried out. The size, curve, weight and transmissivity of plastic and glass materials for solar cell packaging were evaluated by continuous outdoor exposure tests. Fluorinated ethylene-propylene, methyl methacrylate and polycarbonate plates and glass were the most promising materials because of less deformation. (NEDO)

Research and development of evaluation system for photovoltaic power generation system. Research and survey on test and evaluation method for BOS component devices; Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Shuhen gijutsu hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of the evaluation method for BOS component devices in fiscal 1994. (1) On the study on requirements of BOS component devices for practical use, the study results on storage battery, inverter, protective device for system interconnection, and effective use means for storage battery were summarized. On the future device technology, it was clarified that the following value added technologies are promising: simple design of inverter circuit, cost reduction by common specification and mass production, and stabilization of voltage and compensation of momentary peak load by combining inverter with small-capacity storage batteries. (2) On the study on the performance test method for BOS component devices, basic characteristic (capacity, efficiency) test, PSOC charge/discharge cycle test, and accelerated life cycle test were performed for 4 kinds of new storage batteries developed by NEDO. The whole characteristic test results satisfied specifications, and long-term cycle test is in promotion for all new storage batteries. 3 figs., 4 tabs.

FY1992 research report on the evaluation and analysis of data collected in fuel cell power generation field test project; 1992 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru shushu data hyoka kaiseki kenkyu hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1993-03-01

This paper describes the achievements in fiscal 1992 in the field tests on fuel cell power generation systems. The three locations subjected to the present analysis are all installed with 50-kW systems, whereas power generation efficiency of around 35% such as 35.3, 34.2 and 34.6% was obtained when the systems were operated at the rated output. When the load gets to below a certain load band (about 30 kW), the power generation efficiency decreases proportionately with the load. The overall efficiency including heat supply was 77.8, 70.7 and 80.3% respectively at about the rated output, showing a trend that the higher the thermal efficiency, the higher the overall efficiency. The case of generating both electric power and heat simultaneously has higher efficiency than the case of heat supply alone. The contribution rate of the fuel cell as a base load was 2.8, 4.6 and 13.6%, respectively. The system with as high value as 13.6% takes a power load following type operation mode, in which power is generated during a time band with large load during weekdays, and no power is generated at nighttime and in holidays when load is smaller, playing a role of peak responding power supply. Only one trouble has occurred in an auxiliary generator in the heat recovery system. (NEDO)

Generation by heated rock. Technology for hot dry rock geothermal power; Yakeishi ni mizu de hatsuden. Koon gantai hatsuden no gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hori, Y. [Central Research Inst. of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo (Japan)

1995-06-15

Japan is one of the most distinguished volcanic country in the world and about 8% of the active volcanos of the world are distributed in Japan. This kind of a large quantity and natural energy resource near us are used as hot springs in the whole country and as for electricity in 10 geothermal power stations. In future, if this enormous underground geothermal energy could be utilized safely and economically by using new power generation system like hot dry rock geothermal power generation (HDR), it may contribute a little to the 21st century`s energy problem of Japan. Central Research Inst. of Electric Power Industry has installed `Okachi HDR testing ground` in Okachi-machi of Akita Ken, and is carrying out experiments since 1989. Hot dry rock geothermal power generation is a method in which water is injected to the hot dry rock and the thermal energy is recovered that the natural rock bed is used as a boiler. However, development of many new technologies is necessary to bring this system in practical use. 9 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.

Development in fiscal 1999 of technology to put photovoltaic power generation system into practical use. Management of research and development (System development committee working group); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Kenkyu kaihatsu kanri (system kaihatsu bukai)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-05-01

This paper reports activities carried out in fiscal 1999 by the system development committee working group, a subordinate organization of the committee for development of the photovoltaic power generation technology. The items of implementation laid with emphasis in the current fiscal year included deliberations on the research achievements of the projects completed in fiscal 1999, on the research achievements of the new projects during fiscal 1999, and on pre-final evaluation of the development of a technology to put photovoltaic power generation system into practical use. The themes on the progresses in fiscal 1999 reported in March 2000 consisted of the followings: research and development of a system evaluation technology, investigation and research on supply capability evaluation on the photovoltaic power generation system, researches on peripheral devices for AC modules, investigation and research on electric safety of the photovoltaic power generation system, investigation and research on long-term reliability of inverters, investigation and research on meteorological data for optimal design, investigation and research on evaluation of the photovoltaic power generation, research on a photovoltaic power generating multi-hybrid system, research on a high-density linkage technology, and demonstrative research on a solar beam micro-hydraulic hybrid system. (NEDO)

Research cooperation project in fiscal 2001. Research cooperation on putting into practical use of district complying type photovoltaic power generation system; 2001 nendo kenkyu kyoryoku jigyo. Chiiki tekigo gata taiyoko hatsuden system tou no jitsuyoka ni kansuru kenkyu kyoryoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-03-01

Research cooperation has been performed with an intention of establishing technologies to develop a design program for photovoltaic power generation systems suitable for the diverse natural and social conditions in China, the performance inspections and quality enhancement thereon. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 2001. For installing the photovoltaic power generation system, procurement, transportation and installation were carried out in Gansu Province for a 8.4 kW integrated system and in Qinghai Province for 10 kW and 12 kW integrated systems. Visits were made to the sites to confirm the operating conditions, and maintenance and management conditions of the systems having been installed to date. With regard to performance evaluation devices of the cells and modules, some pieces of the equipment were repaired and re-adjusted, and training for using them was executed. Eight persons have visited Japan from China and participated in the training in Japan for utilization and operation of the photovoltaic power generation systems for the persons involved in the system operation. In addition, in order to determine the future information exchange directions, workshops were held with PV experts and manufacturers participating from Japan to exchange items of information. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1996 survey report. Data collection and evaluation analysis in the project on field tests on the fuel cell generation; 1996 nendo kenkyu hokokusho. Nenryo denchi hatsuden field test jigyo ni okeru data shuyaku oyobi hyoka kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The paper installed fuel cell power generation equipment experimentally at various facilities which are the final diffusion form of the new energy power generation, conducted long-term operation under the actual load, collected/analyzed various data, arranged them as data useful for full scale introduction/diffusion, aiming at forming the base for general diffusion of the fuel cell power generation. The number of the systems installed for field test execution has been 24 places/28 units since the start of the project, and the system capacity totaled 4,250kW. The actual operation hours in five years are 6,000-28,000. In fiscal 1996, the average cumulative accumulated operational rate was approximately 68%, a little over that in fiscal 1995, 65%. The average load factor was 69% in fiscal 1995 and 70% in fiscal 1996. The utilization rate increased as a whole to about 57% on average if seeing only fiscal 1996, as compared with that in fiscal 1995, about 48%. The power generating efficiency was approximately 34% on average. As to the status of shutdown of the fuel cell power generation, the paper surveyed the average interval of failure, the rate of frequency of shutdown, the analysis of shutdown, etc. 250 figs., 29 tabs.

Progress in photometry. Sokko ni okeru saikinno shinpo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krochmann, J

1991-07-01

A recent progress in photometry was summarized. As to photometric error, photometric head, luminous intensity, luminous flux, and lighting system, a present situation was introduced. Was described the error in photometry using a silicon photodiode, which became in a level of 0.1% by the self-calibration. Also were illustrated the photometric heads for evaluating spatial luminous intensities, the detector for ratio temperature measurement needed for calibration of a normal standard light source, the filter-type monochromator for measuring a difference of spectral response, and the solar battery for reference which can correct the photometer used for the long period in the field. A measurement of high-speed photocurrent was shown, in which the resolving power of 10{sup {minus}14}ampere (10{sup {minus}6}lux) can be achieved. A goniophotometer for luminous flux measurement was also introduced. Furthermore, the stimulation direct-reading colorimeter, the reflectance and transmission measuring apparatus, the illumination meter with a remote control transmitter, the diffuse reflectance measuring apparatus, and the daylight factor measuring apparatus were illustrated. 14 refs., 11 figs.

Analysis and evaluation for practical application of photovoltaic power generation system. Research and development of elemental technologies for thin-type solar cells; Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka. Usugata takessho taiyo denchi jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sekikawa, T; Shimokawa, R; Yui, N; Takato, H; Takahashi, T; Ishii, K; Suzuki, E; Nagai, K; Kawanami, H; Tanimoto, J; Sakuta, H; Iwata, Y; Saito, N; Koyama, K; Sawada, S [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for analysis and evaluation for thin substrate polycrystalline solar cells. In order to analyze the structures of the grain boundaries in and interfaces with the cell substrate, and their effects on electrical activity, the photoluminescence (PL) measurement which enables spectroscopic analysis is applied to electromagnetically cast Si crystals. There are good correlations among PL luminous intensity, MBIC output and dislocation density for the grain boundary which contains many strains and serves as the dislocation source, because carriers in such a grain boundary easily disappear to reduce its luminous intensity at the band ends. Concrete scenarios for realizing thin-film silicon solar cells of high efficiency are presented, based on the analysis of the light-contained thin-film silicon solar cells of high output current, made in the previous year on a trial basis. An alumina substrate of high reflectivity is produced by the experiments of combining various devices. It is expected to realize high output current for the thin-film solar cells. 3 figs.

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on Si ribbon crystal vertical pulling method); 1974 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Silicon tatehiki ribbon kessho no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-30

This research includes (1) basic study on Si ribbon crystal vertical pulling method, (2) basic design of continuous Si ribbon crystal vertical pulling mechanism, (3) basic study on vertically pulled Si ribbon crystal, (4) study on capillary materials for capillary crystal pulling method, and (5) basic study on AlAs-GaAs system compound semiconductors. In the 1st research, for Si ribbon crystal vertical pulling growth, the ribbon crystal pulling equipment was prepared and modified, and Si crystals were obtained by capillary and web methods. In the 2nd research, for development of Si ribbon crystal vertical pulling growth technology, study was made on the simple energy-saving resource-saving continuous automatic production process. In the 3rd research, measurement was made on various characteristics of ribbon crystals. In the 4th research, study was made on requirements of capillary materials from the viewpoint of capillary growth mechanism. In the 5th research, basic technology for solar cell production was established through growth experiments of AlAs-GaAs mixed crystals and multiple epitaxial crystal layers. (NEDO)

Report on the achievement of verification for FY 1997-1999. Verification survey of a capacitor system for power leveling of the photovoltaic power generation; 1997 nendo kara 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden shutsuryoku heijunkayo capacitor system no jissho chosa seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-07-01

The purpose of this verification survey is to confirm the performance and reliability with which a new large capacity capacitor works as power leveling use and partial power peak shift back-up use in the photovoltaic power system. The results of FY 1997 are as follows: (1) Verification using jelly-role type cells. (2) Trial manufacture of stacking cells. In (1), jelly-role type cells were manufactured using an electrode composed of aluminum foil and activated carbon layer and the organic electrolyte. The obtained cell capacitance was 6,000F on average and the energy density 5.4-5.6Wh/L. The experiment on the constant power load of a capacitor bank constructed with four 6,000F cells connected in series was carried out to confirm discharge energy of 25Wh between 12V and 3V. In (2), stacking rectangular type cells were trially manufactured by the electrode composed of two types of electrode; press type and sheet type electrodes. The cell capacitance was approximately 3,500F at sheet electrode cell, and the energy density 7.2Wh/L. To improve the cell performance, a relation was studied between the pore distribution of activated carbon and the double layer capacity, and the material higher than the conventional one in capacity per volume was found out. Studies were also made of trial fabrication of charge/discharge circuits and the experiment and the voltage balance. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1997 on analysis and evaluation of demonstration tests for establishment of residential photovoltaic power generation load leveling technology; 1997 nendo kenkyu hokokusho. Jutaku you taiyoko hatsuden fuka heijunka gijutsu tou kakuritsu jissho shiken ni kansuru kaiseki hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Tests and researches have been performed with the objectives to establish an evaluation technology for load leveling effect by using a small photovoltaic power generation system for residential use, to clarify the effectiveness of the system as a discrete power supply source through demonstration operation, and furthermore to achieve optimization of designs of the small photovoltaic power generation system for residential use. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1997. The current fiscal year has performed the continued collection of data of the demonstration operation, and analysis and evaluation on the photovoltaic power generation characteristics and the house load characteristics. According to the data analysis result for fiscals 1995 through 1997, it was shown that, although the photovoltaic power generation system for residential use does not contribute much to load leveling in a house, it contributes to load leveling in the distribution line on the whole or a case as large as a grid. In addition, according to the survey on users who have installed the photovoltaic power generation system, it was indicated that the consciousness of electric power and energy conservation has heightened. The capacity of a photovoltaic power generation system for residential use is 3 kW for a standard type of home, which can take care of more than 60% of the house load. It was concluded that, if a storage battery of small capacity is accommodated, the system is effective for reduction of momentary peak load, enhancement of the power quality, and supply of power at a disaster. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1976 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on Si ribbon crystal vertical pulling method); 1976 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Silicon tatehiki ribbon kessho no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-03-31

This report describes the fiscal 1976 research result on Si ribbon crystal vertical pulling method for photovoltaic power generation systems. The equipment for simultaneous growth of 3 ribbon crystals was designed and prepared in consideration of capillary die arrangement, vertical pulling method and control method of temperature profiles on the die surface. The temperature profiles on the die surface were controlled by subheaters for 3 parts of each capillary die which were divided longitudinally. Ribbon crystals grew up to 5mm simultaneously through both end dies. By cooling a part of crystal, fast pulling is probably possible. Study was made on the correlation between various crystal defects of Si ribbon crystals and cell characteristics, and in particular, basic characteristics of SiC deposited particles by SEM observation to reduce their impacts. Possibility of simultaneous vertical pulling of crystals was verified by using a capillary carbon die for multi-pulling. Although crystals grew by eutectic reaction under saturated dissolution of carbon, crystals with no transition were obtained. An SiC-coated die was excellent rather than carbon one. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1996 on analysis and evaluation of demonstration tests for establishment of residential photovoltaic power generation load leveling technology; 1996 nendo kenkyu hokokusho. Jutaku you taiyoko hatsuden fuka heijunka gijutsu tou kakuritsu jissho shiken ni kansuru kaiseki hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

Tests and researches have been performed with the objectives to establish an evaluation technology for load leveling effect by using a small photovoltaic power generation system for residential use, to clarify the effectiveness of the system as a discrete power supply source through demonstration operation, and furthermore to achieve optimization of designs of the small photovoltaic power generation system for residential use. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1996. The current fiscal year has performed collection of data of the demonstration operation, checked the consistency in photovoltaic power generation characteristics, and housing and distribution line load characteristics, and the results were mounted on the database. The demonstration operation data were used to analyze and evaluate the facility utilization rate in the photovoltaic power generation, photovoltaic power generation dependence of the house load, load rate, and peak load reduction rate. As a result, it was found that not much of the peak load reduction effect by the photovoltaic power generation was recognized because the house load is related mainly on lighting load. However, as seen from the distribution line load, the peak load reduction was recognized when the house load and the commercial and industrial load are mixed, whereas it was revealed that the reduction effect is worth evaluation. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1995 on analysis and evaluation of demonstration tests for establishment of residential photovoltaic power generation load leveling technology; 1995 nendo kenkyu hokokusho. Jutaku you taiyoko hatsuden fuka heijunka gijutsu tou kakuritsu jissho shiken ni kansuru kaiseki hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

Research and development has been performed with the objectives to establish an evaluation technology for load leveling effect by using a small photovoltaic power generation system for residential use, to clarify the effectiveness of the system as a discrete power supply source through demonstration operation, and furthermore to achieve optimization of the small photovoltaic power generation system for residential use. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1995. With the demonstration operation in the current fiscal year, through-the-year data have been accumulated for the first time since the start of the demonstration operation, and were mounted on the load leveling database. As a result of analyzing the demonstration operation data, the following points were revealed: regarding the housing load, the lighting load is the main factor both in summer and winter; the effect of reducing the peak load by photovoltaic power generation is recognized at about 60% as maximum, but the substantial effect has large variation, hence stochastic; and the reverse current becomes the main factor during daytime, not necessarily leading to improvement of the housing load characteristics in the aspect of load rate. According to the surveys on the energy demand trends up to the year 2030, the power supply configuration, and introduction cost, it was revealed that the photovoltaic power generation can be sufficiently expected as a power supply to handle the peak load. (NEDO)

Space photovoltaic power generation. Uchu taiyo hatsuden ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kudo, I [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1993-07-20

Introduction is made of space photovoltaic power generation which is the ultimate clean energy source. This is a system to obtain electric energy from the solar cells placed on a geostatic orbit and transmit the power onto the earth by microwave. The US formulates a plan of placing 60[times]5GW power generation satellites to obtain 300GW power on the earth in 2000. As for the scale of space structure, the array of solar cells is dimensionally 10km[times]5km and the power transmitting antenna is 1km in diameter. The electric energy is amplified to microwave and power-transmitted by wireless onto the earth. The ground rectenna which receives it is dimensionally 10km[times]13km. The biggest difficulty consists in transportation of construction materials onto the orbit. In Japan, activity comprises three matters, which are research committee organized three years ago by the Agency of Industrial Science and technology, 10MW class model conceptually designed by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, and experiment conducted by Kyoto University on the power transmission by wireless. Pertaining to the research on the space power generation, the following two points are judged still unclarified: Reason for which the electric power companies did not apply the power transmission by wireless regarded as high in transmission efficiency. Influence of the microwave on the ionosphere and biosystem. 7 refs., 4 figs.

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system (Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Tandem type solar cells are developed, in which solar cells with different band gaps are stacked for effectively utilizing optical energy across the entire range of solar spectrum. A material gas supply control device for multiple epitaxial growth was added to a large-area GaAs film epitaxial growth unit, and a film thickness homogeneity of {+-}1% was achieved. A GaInP epitaxial layer fabricated in the same way was also enhanced in homogeneity. A low-carrier concentration layer was inserted into the top cell GaInP p-n junction for the construction of a p-i-n structure, and this improved on the short-circuit current. Furthermore, a p-p-i-n structure was constructed having two emitter layers, and this improved on spectral sensitivity for the achievement of a conversion efficiency of 13.6%. Studies were conducted about the tunnel junction which plays an important role in the stacking of cells, and the tunnel peak current was increased to 7.41A/cm{sup 2}. Fabrication is now under way of a GaInP/GaAs stacked cell, which is expected to exhibit a conversion efficiency of 25% or higher. In the case of a GaInAs cell to serve as the bottom cell, a conversion efficiency of 5.1% was achieved. Consequently, it is safely expected that a 3-junction stack of GaInP/GaAs//GaInAs will exhibit a conversion efficiency of 30% or higher. (NEDO)

Photovoltaic power generation field test at Industrial Technology Research Institute. Prefectural office building in a sunshine-rich district (Kanagawa Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Institute); Sangyo gijutsu sogo kenkyusho taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo (nissha ryoko chiku no kenchosha). Kanagawaken sangyo gijutsu sogo kenkyusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okazaki, H [Kanagawa Prefectural Government Office, Yokohama (Japan)

1997-05-30

The result of a photovoltaic power generation field test in fiscal 1996 on a prefectural office building in a sunshine-rich district is reported. It is a lighting power source installed in fiscal 1994 on the third-floor rooftop of the management information building of Kanagawa Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Institute. It has a capacity of 25kW, operating on system interconnection (no back flow), and has a single 15-series/26-parallel array (mono-crystal modules) facing 38deg westward from due south and inclined at an elevation angle of 20deg. From the 240000kWh insolation that contributed to power generation, a DC power output of 28000kWh was obtained, output of 25000kWh after conversion into AC. The module efficiency was 10.8-13.8%, higher when the daily mean temperature was lower. In the case of 3kW type expected to diffuse into the residential and commercial sector and household sector, one will output 3000kWh a year, which is an appropriate capacity as a locally distributed type power generating system in view of the monthly consumption of 2000kWh by a household in general in the Tokyo Electric Power Co., Ltd. service area. No problem is found in reliability of the tested system. Although the power it generates is less than what this office consumes, it is effective in enlightening people about resources saving and peak cut in summer

FY 1979 Annual report on Sunshine Project results. Research and development of photovoltaic power generation systems (Research and development of vertically drawn ribbon crystals of silicon); 1979 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Silicon tatehiki ribon kessho no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1980-03-01

The efforts in this fiscal year for development of methods for vertically drawing ribbon crystals of silicon are directed to the following items, in order to further improve the techniques for vertically drawing two or more ribbon crystals on a continuous basis, developed in the previous fiscal year: (1) tests of the drawing apparatus, developed in the previous fiscal year, to deepen the techniques for drawing the ribbon crystals, (2) modification of the above apparatus to further develop the apparatus for vertically drawing two or more ribbon crystals on a continuous basis, (3) comparison of drawing a single ribbon crystal, conducted separately, with drawing two or more ribbon crystals, to clarify the problems involved in the latter, and (4) basic investigations on the materials for the furnace internals exposed to high temperature, other than the carbon material used at present. The vertically drawn ribbon crystals of silicon is investigated, based on the results obtained in the previous fiscal year that ribbon crystal quality depends on impurities present therein, mainly for (1) quantitative analysis of the impurity elements present in the ribbon crystal, (2) relationship between impurity elements and characteristics of the solar cells made on a trial basis, and (3) investigations on local concentration of the impurity elements. (NEDO)

FY 1977 Annual report on Sunshine Project results. Research and development of photovoltaic power generation systems (Research and development of vertically drawn ribbon crystals of silicon); 1977 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Silicon tatehiki ribon kessho no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1978-03-31

This project is aimed at establishment of ribbon crystal production techniques and development of photovoltaic power generation systems incorporating the ribbon crystals, in order to greatly reduce cost of photovoltaic power generation systems. The research efforts in this fiscal year is focused on development of the techniques for continuously growing the ribbons, to attain the above goal by accelerating growth of the ribbon crystals in unit time and clarifying, in the early stage, the problems to be solved before commercializing the ribbon crystals for the future solar cells. The major research results are (1) development of the method for vertically drawing ribbon crystals of silicon, and (2) analysis of the vertically drawn ribbon crystals of silicon. For the item (1), the technological development efforts are focused on continuously drawing mechanisms and furnace for continuous drawing, with the structural studies as the center for the former and solution of heat-related problems for the latter, which eventually lead to development of a 800 mm long ribbon crystal passing over the roll. For the item (2), the crystal structure is analyzed by the electron channeling pattern method. The results suggest that use of a p-type substrate can improve average efficiency of the ribbon crystal type solar cell. (NEDO)

Industry brief letter; Oman LNG, Indo no hatsuden mukeni kyokyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-02-01

Oman LNG (OLNG), invested by Mitui Bussan, Mitsubishi Trading and Itochu Trading, concluded a supply contract of liquefied natural gas with a private power supply enterprise of India. Contract period is 20 years, and supplies 1.6 million ton LNG per year from the fourth quarter of 2001. This is the third contract case following to Korea Gas of Korea and Osaka Gas of Japan. OLNG will establish annual production 6.6 million system by the end of 1999. With this contract, almost all LNG production will be ensured to be sold by long term contracts. (translated by NEDO)

Study of street-blockades caused by a large earthquake; Daishinsaiji ni okeru doro heisoku ni knsuru kenkyu (Hanshin Awaji daishinsai ni okeru jittai bunseki)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Imaizumi, K. [Kajima Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Asami, Y. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1999-09-30

The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake caused great damage to roads. Not only on highways, but even in regional communities, a considerable number of streets became unusable because of falls of buildings, etc. to roads and occurrence of bumps. It provided obstacles in refuge and rescue activities. In building cities preparing for earthquake in future, it is important to re-evaluate how to make the road network including narrow streets. Therefore, paying attention to the physical distance of the roads in earthquake and the number of the points which people cannot reach, clarified was the relation between those phenomena and the characteristics of towns/roads which the region has. As an example of Higashinada-ward, Kobe-city, this report analyzed the data on the actual state from the aspects written below which become especially important in actions taken immediately after earthquake, and described the information/knowledge obtained therefrom: (1) difference in arrival distance between usually and in earthquake in case of walking from residence place to refuge place; (2) state of occurrence of the points where people cannot reach in going to hospitals by ambulance. (NEDO)

FY 2000 research cooperation project on the research cooperation for the commercialization of the regional adaptation type photovoltaic power generation system, etc. Research cooperation for the commercialization of the methane fermentation gas fuel cell power generation system; 2000 nendo kenkyu kyoryoku jigyo. Chiiki tekigogata taiyoko hatsuden system to no jitsuyoka ni kansuru kenkyu kyoryoku (Metan hakko gas nenryo denchi hatsuden system no jitsuyoka ni kansuru kenkyu kyoryoku)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Research cooperation for the commercialization of methane fermentation gas fuel cell power generation system was made in a stock farm in Guangzhou city, China, and the FY 2000 results were summed up. In the project, the methane fermentation gas is recovered from animal faces, and a power generation system by fuel cell using the gas as fuel is constructed, and at the same time the waste is made compost and used as manure. In this fiscal year, the starting ceremony was made at the stock farm in Guangzhou city in June, and the main body of fuel cells was carried in and assembled. The trial operation of the system was successfully made in March 2001. At the same time, survey of the waste water from the farm and methane fermentation was made with accuracy. Survey was further made of the actual state of the recent energy supply/demand and the present situation of renewable energy as measures taken for non-electrification areas and environmental problems. As a result, the importance of further cooperation with the China side was emphasized in terms of the securing of animals/faces, optimum methane fermentation/recovery from animal faces, optimization of electric power of the area and environmental response, etc. (NEDO)

Detection of vehicle crossing path at intersection; Mitoshi no yoi kosaten ni okeru deaigashira jiko ni tsuite (Ibarakiken ni okeru jiko tahatsu zone no tokucho)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fujita, K; Uchida, N; Katayama, T [Japan Automobile Research Institute Inc., Tsukuba (Japan)

1997-10-01

An investigation was excuted to understand the actual state of accidents happened at intersections where there were no constructive obstacles in field of view. First, the aspects of fatal accidents are described under the basis of the data published by the police of Ibaraki prefecture. Then it is shown that there are at least 336 intersections where the accidents happened in the last two years. It is also clarified that many dangerous zones were located in line along rivers. The authors stress that it is urgent to inform the existence of dangerous zones to prevent the accidents. 2 refs., 5 figs.

Fiscal 1976 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on 2-6 group compound semiconductor solar cells); 1976 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 2-6 zoku kagobutsu handotai taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-03-31

This report describes the fiscal 1976 research result on 2-6 group compound semiconductor solar cells for photovoltaic power generation systems. The research aims at the system less than 1/100 in cost. Vapor deposition resulted in failure to obtain high-efficiency cells. Vapor-phase growth revealed Cd-Te single-crystal solar cell is promising, however, resulted in failure to obtain high-efficiency thin film elements. Both chemical deposition and sintering succeeded in mass production of prototype high-efficiency elements equal in performance. However, since chemically deposited CdS film is too thin having higher serial resistance, it requires In{sub 2}O{sub 3} auxiliary transmissive electrodes on glass substrates. Since CdTe film and CdS film also require completely different vapor deposition processes in hetero- junction, chemical deposition is more disadvantageous in cost than sintering. CdTe thin film fabricated by screen printing/sintering is most promising. Since Cd is harmful to human bodies, study was made on pollution preventive measures in its production or use stage, and accidents or fires, obtaining some results. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on Si thin film crystal by particle acceleration growth); 1974 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Ryushi kasoku seichogata silicon usumaku kessho no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-30

This research includes (1) basic study on formation technology of Si thin film crystals by particle acceleration growth, (2) basic study on junction formation technology for Si thin film crystals, and (3) basic study on GaAs compound semiconductors by pyrolysis method. In the 1st research, the thin film formation equipment was prepared for formation of charged Si particles from monosilane and solid Si in inert gas plasma by high-frequency excitation, and its expected characteristics were confirmed through its operation test. Basic data of Si thin films were also obtained by electron beam diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy. In the 2nd research, study was made on junction formation systems for thin films, and the idea of a continuous thin film formation system was obtained for junction formation. In the 3rd research, development of p-type GaAs epitaxial technology was promoted, and it was confirmed that various p-type GaAs compound semiconductors of 10{sup 12}-10{sup 18}cm{sup -3} in impurity concentration are obtained by controlling a ratio of trimetylgallium gas to arsine gas. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1976 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on particle non-accelerating growth Si thin film crystal); 1976 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Ryushi hikasoku seichogata silicon usumaku kessho no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-03-01

This report describes the fiscal 1976 research result on production of Si thin film crystals and cell composition for photovoltaic power generation. In study on improvement of the crystallinity of polycrystal thin films by zone melting, flat recrystallized film was obtained by passing Si film through a high-frequency furnace at nearly 3mm/min in speed after growth of polycrystal Si film of 120-250{mu}m in thickness on a graphite substrate by gas-phase chemical reaction. In study on cell composition, as technology for forming electrodes on an uneven polycrystal surface with shallow junction, a Ti-Ag double layer method was developed in which junction characteristics are unaffected by heat treatment within 550 degrees C. On the photoelectric conversion efficiency of thin film cells, the efficiency of 5% and area of 10cm as targets in fiscal 1976 were attained by using a graphite substrate or polycrystal Si substrate. The thin film cell formed on an Si substrate could operate a small fan or a desk clock enough by scattered solar radiation. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on particle non-accelerating growth Si thin film crystal); 1974 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Ryushi hikasoku seichogata silicon usumaku kessho no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-28

This research aims at development of the technology for producing photovoltaic power generation systems at a cost less than 1/100 of those by current technology. In fiscal 1974, basic study was made on formation technology of particle non-accelerating growth Si thin film crystals. In addition, evaluation was made on formed thin film crystal characteristics, and studies were also made on junction formation for thin film crystals, and on thin film formation and junction formation for indium phosphide compound semiconductor thin films. The research includes (1) study on formation technology for particle non-accelerating growth Si thin film crystals, (2) evaluation on Si thin film crystals, (3) study on junction formation technology for Si thin film crystals, and (4) study on indium phosphide compound semiconductors. Evaluations were made on thin film formation technology by CVD, and on crystallographical and electrical characteristics of the formed thin films. The evaluation results clarified the compatibility between substrates and Si thin films, the formation condition of columnar structure films, and the effect of growth conditions on a carrier density or mobility. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology; 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Efforts are made to develop a GaInP/GaAs-based compound semiconductor solar cell built on an Si substrate, the Si substrate being lower in cost, higher in mechanical strength, lighter in weight, and higher in heat conductivity than a GaAs or Ge substrate. Fiscal 1999 studies involved improvement on GaAs/Si heteroepitaxial growth and the evaluation of crystallinity in thus grown layers, improvement on cell characteristics, fabrication and evaluation of an n{sup +}/p structure cell, and so forth. As for crystal growing technologies, a 980 degree C 5-heat-cycle annealing method was applied, and the density of dislocation was reduced to 5 times 10{sup 6}cm{sup -2}. In the fabrication of cells, an n{sup +}/p structure cell was studied, and the cell achieved 12.5mAcm{sup -2} in short-circuit photoelectric current over 9mAcm{sup -2} of the conventional p{sup +}/n structure GaInP cell. Without any special effort to optimize the structure, a GaInP/GaAs layer-built cell on a GaAs substrate achieved 23.7% in conversion efficiency. When it is taken into consideration that conversion efficiency on an Si substrate is approximately 80% of what is achieved on a GaAs substrate, it is deemed that the achievement of 23.7% suggests that near 20% in conversion efficiency may become available on an Si substrate. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1998. Research of feasibility of international cooperation over technologies of photovoltaic power generation in deserts and long-range transportation of generated power; 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho. Sabaku chiiki wo riyoshita taiyoko hatsuden chokyori yuso gijutsu ni kakawaru kokusai kyoryoku kanosei chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Studies were conducted about the construction of systems for the above. A working group on international cooperation feasibility was established inviting several scientists and specialists, and a VLS-PV (very large-scale photovoltaic) system feasibility study plan was drafted which was to construct a framework in which international cooperation would be carried out. At preliminary meetings etc., participated in by members of the Task VI workshop and of several IEA (International Energy Agency) member states, opinions were heard on the Japanese plan, which was also improved there. An agreement was reached between CTI and IEA/PVPS that a preliminary feasibility study be conducted for one year under IEA/PVPS Task VI, and, in compliance with this agreement, a 2nd specialists' meeting was held at Milan, Italy, and then a 3rd at Kyoto, Japan. The fruit was 'A Preliminary Analysis for the VLS-PV Survey' completed through the cooperation of the participating countries. (NEDO)

Research and development of system to utilize photovoltaic energy. Survey on the high-durability and low-cost materials for constructing the solar-cell module and its structure; Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system no kenkyu. Taiyo denchi module yo kotaikyusei tei cost zairyo, kozo ni kansuru chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the results obtained during fiscal 1994 on a survey on the high-durability and low-cost materials for constructing the solar-cell module and on its structure. With respect to forms and materials used in the present solar-cell modules, identification was made on the current status of products commercially available and developed inside and outside Japan. Main types of solar cells used for electric power are of crystal-based silicon. Amorphous silicon and CdS-CdTe are used for consumer applications of indoor and outdoor use. As regards transparent resin materials, fluorine resin, PET, acryl, and polyimide are used as surface materials, and EVA, silicon and PVB are often used as fillers. Developments inside and outside Japan are limited to systems of polycarbonate, methacryl, fluorine, polyurethane, acryl and polyester. Butyl rubber and polyurethane are used as sealing materials. Developments are being performed on silicon rubber, polychloroprene rubber and EPT rubber for shaped materials, and silicon systems, urethane systems and polysulfide systems for non-shaped materials. 3 figs., 8 tabs.

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on 2-6 group compound semiconductor solar cells); 1974 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 2-6 zoku kagobutsu handotai taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-31

This report summarizes the fiscal 1974 research result on 2- 6 group compound semiconductor solar cells. To obtain a probability of the technology for producing photovoltaic power generation systems at a cost less than 1/100 of those by current technology, this research aims at establishment of the pollution-free production technology of the titled solar cells, and development of an innovative photovoltaic power generation system using such solar cells. The research is composed of (1) study on deterioration mechanism, (2) measures against pollution, and (3) basic study on the production system of such semiconductors. In the 1st research, the analysis result showed that deterioration under solar radiation or by short circuit is derived from an increase in resistance around a positive electrode and a decrease around a junction caused by change in Cu{sub 2}S composition due to migration of Cu ions in a Cu{sub 2}S layer by photo current. In the 2nd research, study was made on preventive technology of Cd pollution. In the 3rd research, basic study was made on the production systems of semiconductors such as sintering, chemical separating and vapor-phase growth for cost reduction. (NEDO)

Comparative analysis of thermal storage cooling and storage battery cooling using photovoltaic generation. Part 2. Research on architectural systematization of energy conversion devices; Taiyoko hatsuden ni yoru chikunetsu reibo to chikuden reibo ni tsuite. 2. Energy henkan no kenchiku system ka ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ito, N; Kimura, G; Fukao, S; Shimizu, T; Sunaga, N; Tsunoda, M; Muro, K; Yamanaka, S [Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-27

For use in energy self-sufficient buildings, a system was studied capable of retaining for its own use the excess of power produced by a photovoltaic power generation system without releasing it to the commercial system. Summertime cooling was considered. The storage battery cooling system was provided with two solar cell systems and, in the daytime, one was used for cooling and the other for charging batteries for nighttime cooling. In the cold heat storage cooling system, cold heat accumulators (red bricks) were provided in the wall and floor, and under the floor, and the floor was a grating for proper ventilation between the room and underfloor space. With the solar cell-driven air conditioner out of operation, cold heat was fed to the room from the underfloor cold heat accumulators by a fan. In storage battery cooling, solar power covered 60% of what the air conditioner used. In the presence of sufficient power in storage, the air conditioner stayed on at night without buying commercial power, when the room temperature was 25{degree}C. In the cold heat accumulation cooling, 50% of the air conditioner power consumption was covered by solar power. It is recommended to install cold heat accumulators not in the room but in a separate space, such as the underfloor space, where they are exposed to the cooling cold air direct from an air conditioner for future retrieval of cold heat. 2 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.

Indices for planning wind power generation; Furyoku hatsuden no keikaku shihyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takeuchi, H

1997-11-25

Outlined herein are status of wind power generation development, indices for planning development, and actual development results. At present, wind power generates electric power of 6,781MW worldwide. USA has been rapidly developing wind power generation since enactment of the PURPA law, and accounted for 25% of the world output in the past. However, the county is recently unseated from the world top position by Germany, which has been extensively developing wind power generation since enactment of the EFL law to reach 1,799MW. In Japan, electric power companies, local governments and public institutions have been positively introducing wind mills since 1992, when Tohoku Electric Power Co. built Ryuhi Wind Park, now generating a total power of 15MW by 64 units located at 33 different points. According to the surveys by NEDO on wind conditions, there are a number of districts suited for wind mills in Hokkaido, Tohoku, Okinawa and sea areas in Honshu. The indices described herein for planning wind power generation include rotor diameter, tower height, speed of rotation, weight, power to be generated, utilization and service factors, noise level, and investment and running costs. In the present state of the development of wind power generation in Japan, development points are 33, generated ouptut 15,097kW and units 64. 14 figs.

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of commercialization technology of the photovoltaic power system. Summary. R and D of the photovoltaic power generation utilization system/periphery technology (R and D on the improvement of reliability of photovoltaic power generation - Investigative study of long-term reliability of inverter - Separate volume: Data on the life evaluation test); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho(Sokatsu ban). Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu, Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (Taiyokohatsuden no shinraisei kojo ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu - Inbata no choki shinraisei no chosa kenkyu - Bessatsu : Jumyo hyoka shiken datashu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For the purpose of establishing a life evaluation method for power conditioner of about several kilowatts for general housing use, the acceleration test was made, and the data were summarized for maintenance of power quality, cooperation with the protection system at power system, insuring of safety of personnel/facilities, etc. As to the acceleration method, by paying attention to heat deterioration of thermal plasticity materials being used for power conditioner and by using the acceleration method using the 10-degree C half law by the Arrhenius law, temperature and humidity were set at 40 degrees C and 36%, respectively. The operation hour and stopping time were fixed at 3.5 hours and 4.5 hours, respectively. The life evaluation measurement by the acceleration test was composed of the continuous evaluation measurement with the aim of early finding the degradation of performance, anomaly, etc. of power conditioner and of the evaluation measurement at specified intervals with the aim of precisely measuring the state of degradation of power conditioner. As a result of the continuous evaluation measurement, the paper reported the data on the rise in temperature inside the power conditioner during the acceleration test and the change in electric characteristics of input/output. (NEDO)

Bio-desulfurization technology in Japan; Wagakuni ni okeru baio datsuryu gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maruhashi, K. [Petroleum Energy Center, Tokyo (Japan)

2000-05-01

A bio-reaction of microbes (catalytic reaction by an enzyme) is characterized in that the reaction is carried out at a normal temperature and under a normal pressure and has particularly high specificity with respect to substrate (reactant). It is considered that a low loading process of environment harmony type can be constructed by applying the bio-reaction in petroleum refinery process. CO{sub 2} exhaust and energy consumption in the bio-desulfurization (BDS) is estimated to be 70 to 80% lower than those in hydrodesulfurization (HDS). The bio-technologies that can be applied to the petroleum refinery process include, for example, desulfurization, demetallation, dewaxing, denitration, cracking and so on. In this paper, the present state of bio-desulphurization technology is introduced. Particularly, as the research results in Japan, acquirement of mesophile R.erythropolis KA2-5-1 strain, thermophile Paenibacillus sp. A11-2 strain whose optimum temperature is 50 degrees C, BT degradation fungus Rhodococcus sp. T09 and the like are introduced. (NEDO)

FY 1977 Annual report on Sunshine Project results. Research and development of photovoltaic power generation systems (Research and development of particle nonacceleration growth type silicon thin-film crystals); 1977 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Ryushi hikasoku seichogata silicon usumaku kessho no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1978-03-01

As part of the research and development project for producing photovoltaic power generation systems at reduced cost, the R and D efforts are made for producing particle nonacceleration growth type silicon thin-film crystals. The research items are (1) research on thin-film crystals, and (2) research on cell-structuring method. The item (1) studies quantities, types and electrical properties of impurities and crystal defects in the polycrystalline ingots, produced by the Czochralski method from metal grade silicon and purified metal grade silicon stocks. Next, the substrate prepared above is coated with a thin film of silicon by the vapor-phase growth method with dichlorosilane as the source, to evaluate the thin-film crystals by measuring the crystal defects and lifetime of small numbers of carriers. The item (2) studies the effects of the solder dipping method. In addition, unevenness of photoelectric current is analyzed by a laser scanning microscope, to investigate the effects of the secondary impurities and crystal defects in the substrate crystals on photoelectric current. As a result, it is found that conversion efficiency is improved by grading the hole concentration in the p-type activated layer. The targets of 10 to 20 m{sup 2} as the area and 7 to 8% as the conversion efficiency are attained by preparing the crystals again. (NEDO)

Report on 1979 result of Sunshine Project. R and D on solar power generation system (R and D on particle non-accelerated growth type silicon thin film crystal); 1979 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Ryushi hikasoku seichogata silicon usumaku kessho no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1980-03-01

The R and D was intended to establish the manufacturing technology of a particle non-accelerated growth type silicon thin film crystal, for the purpose of developing a technology for enabling the production of a solar power generation system, whose price is practically 1/100 compared with that of building the system with the current technology, and the R and D was also intended to build the system using such silicon material. While a simple purification method was examined for a low purity metallurgical-grade silicon, a solar-grade silicon (SOG) was developed as the new material this year, with a solar cell experimentally manufactured having a structure directly joined to the substrate material and with evaluation carried out on the characteristic of such solar cell. The application of 'gettering' was tried which was for removing harmful impurities from the substrate obtained from such material, bringing an outlook of manufacturing a solar cell with a conversion efficiency of 10%. Concerning the SOG-Si, the efficiency of 13% or higher was attained through the improvement of the manufacturing process. This was the value comparable to the case of using a conventional high purity monocrystal wafer. Further, the application of an ion implantation method was studied for the purpose of getting a low cost. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use. Development of technologies to manufacture ultra-high efficiency crystalline compound solar cells; 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Research and development has been performed on laminated cells comprising of GaInP/GaAs//GaInAs using poly-element compound semiconductors. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. In developing the technology to manufacture large-area ultra-high efficiency cells, fabrication of 5-cm square GaAs cells was worked on, and a conversion efficiency of 24.7%, which is equivalent or better than that for 1-cm square cell, was achieved by using the epitaxial growth temperature for the GaAs cell structure of 600 degrees C, by adopting the p-on-p structure and by making the electrode thicker by using the plating method. Furthermore, trial fabrication was performed on 5-cm square cells also on GaInAs as the bottom cell. A conversion efficiency of 4.6% was obtained in a 5-cm square cell as a result of high level homogenization of film thickness and composition by optimizing the gas flow in growing GaInAs onto an InP substrate, and using a growth temperature of 550 degrees C. In developing the technology to form GaInP/GaAs laminated cells, discussions were given by using 5-mm square cells on especially improving the GaInP crystallinity and reducing the series resistance in the window layer. GaInP/GaAs-2 bonded lamination cells were fabricated, whereas a conversion efficiency of 19.63% was obtained without using a reflection preventing film. (NEDO)

Experimentation to seek the local speciality in kWh of P.V. system, and a study of its measuring method and instruments and apparatus; Taiyoko hatsuden system no jibetsu hatsudenryo no chiiki tokusei wo motomeru jissho shiken narabini, sono sokutei kansoku no hoho kiki ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anno, T.

1997-11-25

Introduced in this paper are some problems that the author encounters in relation with a 2.6kW photovoltaic power generation system installed at the author`s residence for the purpose of measuring the hourly amounts of generated power. Giving rise to questions in the inverter and the control system are the conversion efficiency under a partial load, the scope of little amounts that are omitted, the maximum power point tracking system and its performance, etc. The author wants to learn how to land on an appropriate conductor thickness and to know the special specifications if any for heavy-snow regions and their effect. Much has been learned from presenters, moderators, and participants at scientific events and through private talks. Although it seems that there exists some relationship between the maximum power point tracking system and the diameter of conductors suitable for the system, yet the manufacturers fail to give clear-cut answers. The author thinks that end-users find many black box-like parts in the system, which the author leaves uncared for now for later study. It is learned that there is no specification intended exclusively for heavy-snow regions. The author`s system is in operation with hourly output recording and data accumulation started. 2 figs.

FY 1998 Report on development of technologies for commercialization of photovoltaic power systems. International co-operative project (Information collected for IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu kokusai kyoryoku jigyo. IEA taiyo reidanbo kyuto program ni kansuru joho shushu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The IEA/ Solar Heating and Cooling Programme (SHCP) committee members were dispatched to the IEA/SHCP Executive Committee and Expert Meetings, to collect information, present the reports and hold the discussions, among others. Described herein are the results. The third Expert Meeting of the IEA/SHCP Task 23 prepared the document covering the examples of solar energy use in large buildings and distributed them in Subtask A, and proposed and discussed the comprehensive performance evaluation methods and simulation-based design tools in Subtask C. The second workshop of the IEA/SHCP Task 25 discussed evaluation of the current technologies for solar assisted air conditioning, design of the solar assisted cooling systems, economic evaluation and market researches, investigations of cooling system hardware, and development of simulation programs and design tools. The examples of solar cooling are mostly found in Japan, and European countries are conducting experiments and field tests, because of lack of commercial grade freezers. (NEDO)

Sunshine Program achievement report for fiscal 1981. Research and development of photovoltaic power systems (Research and development of solar cells using II-VI group compound semiconductors); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. II-VI zoku kagobutsu handotai taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

An excellent sintered film is acquired when 0.3% SO{sub 4}{sup 2-} is added to the raw material for the preparation of a CdS film starting material. A CdS film is burned at 600 degrees C, this temperature being lower than the conventional temperature (690 degrees C), and then reburned at the same temperature of 600 degrees C. The resultant device is found low in performance. For the preparation of paste for CdTe film, the material is pulverized into grains of the same size, and this stabilizes device performance. Burning temperatures are also reviewed. Carbon electrodes, Ag-In electrodes, etc., are also reviewed, and 92% of the devices produced under the currently optimum mass production conditions are found to have a conversion efficiency of 4% or higher. The best one is found to exhibit a conversion efficiency of 8.29%. In the study of the method of module constitution, the structure of cross section is improved, the manufacturing process is stabilized, and simplification is carried out. The reliability of the 5 times 10cm{sup 2} substrate device manufactured in this fiscal year is found greatly improved. It is found also that degradation it suffers is attributed to an episode occurring in the interface between CdTe and carbon. A module in which two of the devices manufactured here are connected in series is tested. It exhibits no degradation when exposed to outdoor conditions, but its conversion efficiency is substantially degraded in a moisture test. (NEDO)

Development of large scale wind energy conservation system. Development of large scale wind energy conversion system; Ogata furyoku hatsuden system no kaihatsu. Ogata furyoku hatsuden system no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takita, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for development of large scale wind energy conversion system. The study on technological development of key components evaluates performance of, and confirms reliability and applicability of, hydraulic systems centered by those equipped with variable pitch mechanisms and electrohydraulic servo valves that control them. The study on blade conducts fatigue and crack-propagation tests, which show that the blades developed have high strength. The study on speed-increasing gear conducts load tests, confirming the effects of reducing vibration and noise by modification of the gear teeth. The study on NACELLE cover conducts vibration tests to confirm its vibration characteristics, and analyzes three-dimensional vibration by the finite element method. Some components for a 500kW commercial wind mill are fabricated, including rotor heads, variable pitch mechanisms, speed-increasing gears, YAW systems, and hydraulic control systems. The others fabricated include a remote supervisory control system for maintenance, system to integrate the wind mill into a power system, and electrical control devices in which site conditions, such as atmospheric temperature and lightening, are taken into consideration.

Exergetic evaluation on photovoltaic/thermal hybrid panel; Taiyoko netsu hybrid panel no exergy hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iwaki, H; Morita, Y; Fujisawa, T; Tani, T [Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-27

The photovoltaic/thermal hybrid panel (PV/T) is an energy converter that was designed for the composite use of electricity and heat. In this paper, the validity of PV/T designed for trial was evaluated based on an exergetic theory. As the result of an experiment, the electric exergetic value of PV/T and PV is each 65.8 kWh/m{sup 2} and 58.6 kWh/m{sup 2}. The former is higher than the latter by 11.2%. The total exergetic value of PV/T is also 1.2 and 8.2 times as high as those of a PV and solar collector (SC), respectively. The calculation result of the optimum temperature operation showed that the exergetic value of PV/T is 3.1 times as high as the electric exergetic value. Therefore, the operation must be performed with the electric and thermal exergetic values set in a ratio of 3.1 to 1. In this paper, the operating mode is handled in which importance was more attached to the electric exergy than the thermal exergy. The flow rate of a heating medium on PV/T is not thus the flow control that maximizes the PV/T exergy. In the future, studies including these points will be promoted. 7 refs., 7 figs., 3 tabs.

Research report of fiscal 1997. Feasibility research on introduction of distributed power sources using new energy (photovoltaic and wind power generation) in the South Pacific; 1997 nendo chosa hokokusho. Minami Taiheiyo ni okeru shin energy (taiyoko, furyoku nado) wo katsuyoshita bunsangata dengen no donyu kanosei chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Feasibility research was made on distributed power sources using photovoltaic and wind power generation in Tonga and Samoa. For the best mix of environment-friendly power sources, hearing from government leaders and power business persons, and field inspection were carried out. Foreign currency earnings of Tonga are dependent on remittance from nations working overseas, while since diesel fuel for power generation is expensive because of import through Fiji and tariffs, multi-power sources for power cost reduction and low-cost new power systems are in expectation. Underground transmission and distribution lines are under consideration to prevent typhoon damages. Both countries are probably rich in wind power potential, however, wind condition data are poor requiring further researches. Tonga government is in charge of power business except that in Tongatapu island. In Samoa, EPC (Electric Power Corp.) is in charge of power business. Hydroelectric power generation is possible because of rivers formed by abundant tropical rains. Feasibility research was made on coal-firing, fuel cell combined, wind power, photovoltaic and waste power generation. 7 figs.

Wastes power generation introduction manual. Main edition; Haikibutsu hatsuden donyu manual. Honpen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

A practical and specific working manual was prepared that satisfies the standards and criteria defined in the relevant law such as the Sanitation and Environment Ordinance No. 249, the guideline for generation of dioxins caused by refuse disposal, and that enables the reports evaluating the wastes quantitatively to be submitted to heads of the local governments when persons in charge of planning the introduction of wastes power generation at local governments discuss the wastes power generation systems. Taking general combustible wastes and sewage sludge treatments as the object, this paper details from the economic performance to size of wastes treatment at the priority limit for the power generation facility introduction. The subject power generation systems include the following: the stoker furnace/separation type ash melting furnace power generation system, the fluidized bed/separation type ash melting furnace power generation system, and the direct type gasification melting furnace power generation system, whose establishment of safety, reliability and stability have been verified by full-size system operation record available at the local governments, the gas turbine re-powering composite type power generation system (gas turbine power plants are installed beside the incineration furnaces) that makes high-efficiency power generation possible, and the RDF power generation system (power generation by mixed combustion with general refuses, and power generation using RDF (refuse derived fuel) exclusive combustion). Other important discussion and assessment items include environment and resource utilization performances. (NEDO)

Wastes power generation introduction manual. Material edition; Haikibutsu hatsuden donyu manual. Shiryohen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

This paper collects and puts into order the materials used in preparing the manual. The materials were classified into the power generation system database related to discussion of the economic performance, case studies, technical materials, other referential materials and glossary. The database shows power generation efficiency, auxiliary power ratio, construction cost, utility cost and number of operators. The case studies present examples of economy calculations on the five recommended power generation systems at a wastes treatment capacity of 180 tons a day. Technical materials put into order the technological discussions on efficiency improvement, environmental measures (suppression of discharge of dioxins, measures for their removal, and the effects thereof), refuse derived fuel (RDF) and power plant operating techniques. The other referential materials collect laws, notifications, and guidelines related to the Welfare Ministry, laws, notifications, criteria and related to the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, and materials related to LCA, forms of power generation business entities, general wastes disposal business, and electric business bonds. The glossary explains terms required for operation and understanding of the manual. (NEDO)

Introduction guide book for wind power generation; Furyoku hatsuden donyu guide book

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This paper arranges essential items for introduction of wind power generation to local governments. Natural wind power energy which is free from emission of atmospheric pollutants such as CO2 and probably profitable, is leading regenerative energy among several new energies, and its rapid diffusion is expected. At the end of 1995, a wind power generation facility capacity amounts to 4900MW in the world, 1770MW in USA, 1140MW in Germany, 630MW in Denmark, 550MW in India, and 250MW in the Netherlands. In Japan, its introduction to local governments is in progress with preparation of a purchase system of surplus electric power and a system interconnection guideline. A total facility capacity reached 10MW in 1996, and is scheduled to reach 150MW in fiscal 2010. NEDO`s wind characteristic map of Japan shows many promising areas for power generation. Since these information is not yet well known, the following are summarized: the present state, features of wind condition, power generation systems, application cases, an approach to survey research, construction, maintenance and related laws, and a subsidy system. 31 refs., 48 figs., 40 tabs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1999 on project for supporting the formation of energy/environmental technology verification project. International joint verification research project (Use of combined binary power generation systems at new geothermal fields on Mindoro Island, the Philippines, and comparison with conventional power generation systems); 1999 nendo Philippines koku Mindoro to no shinki chinetsutai ni okeru combined binary hatsuden hoshiki no tekiyo seika hokokusho. Conventional hatsuden hoshiki tono hikaku kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Concerning the Manito Lowlands geothermal field and the Montelago geothermal field where the systems are to be newly installed, the geothermal reservoir characteristics are assessed, and cost effectiveness is compared between different power generating systems. According to the investigations conducted into the two geothermal fields in the past, they are supposed to have geothermal potentials of the medium grade. Chemical analyses are conducted anew on this occasion into the hot spring water and fumarole gas, and the MT (magnetotelluric) method is implemented for the survey of reservoir distribution. It is now expected that approximately 20MWe will be exploited from each of the two geothermal fields. The power generation systems studied are the single flash type and double flash type for the conventional power generation system, and the cascade type, bottoming type, and two-phase binary type for the combined binary power generation system. As the result, it is concluded that the double flash type or two-phase binary type will be advantageous to the Manito Lowlands geothermal field, and the double flash type or bottoming type or two-phase binary type will be advantageous to the Montelago geothermal field. (NEDO)

Annual energy review-1996; 1996 nen ni okeru juyona energy kankei jiko

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-07-20

This paper reviews the important items concerned with energy in 1996. Primary energy supply sums to 529times10{sup 13}kcal increasing by 2.4% over last year. The growth rates of demand over last year are 2.5% in industry use, 3.7% in transport use, 3.7% in home use, and 1.3% in business use. On R & D trend of use technologies of energy resources, the following are described: (1) Petroleum: resource exploitation, transport, stock, refining, and petrochemistry, (2) Coal: resource exploitation, coal structure and property, processing, transport, liquefaction, gasification, carbonization, tar industry, carbon industry, and coal ash utilization, (3) Natural gas: resource exploitation, transport, storage, and conversion technology, (4) Natural energy: hydraulic, solar, geothermal, wind power, oceanic and biomass energies, and (5) Others: waste resources, hydrogen and alcohol. On R & D trend of energy conversion technology, combustion theory, boiler, engine, thermal energy system, and high-efficiency power generation technology are described. Environmental problems and their protective technologies are also described

Drop behavior in acoustic standing waves; Teizaihachu ni okeru ekiteki no kyodo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kamimura, H. [National Aerospace Laboratory, Tokyo (Japan); Yamanaka, T. [Yokohama National University, Yokohama (Japan)

1997-10-01

When new materials, such as those for space shuttles, are developed, it is necessary to hold then in a non-contacting manner. Described herein is behavior of drops in a holding device which utilizes acoustic radiation pressure. When an object sufficiently small as compared with wavelength of a sound wave is placed in acoustic standing waves, it is subjected to acoustic radiation pressure. Chandrasekahr developed the theory on the stability of a rotating drop by equating the entire mechanical energy of a drop with its surface energy. This theory, based on the assumption of symmetric surface energy, is incapable of theoretically dealing with multi-lobed waves evolved by surface tension. In this study, multi-lobed waves excited by sound waves in a rotating drop are analytically found without assuming symmetry of drop surface energy. The multi-lobe waves are first found on the assumption that the acoustic radiation pressure around a drop is constant. Then, the effects of the deformed drop on the radiation pressure around the drop are considered. In addition, the equation for the relationship between the radiation pressure and a drop that becomes oblate due to the radiation pressure is obtained. The theoretically derived results by this equation are in good agreement with the observed results by the ground and flight tests. 17 refs., 18 figs.

Detailed seismic intensity in Morioka area; Moriokashi ni okeru shosai shindo bunpu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saito, T; Yamamoto, H; Settai, H [Iwate University, Iwate (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Yamada, T [Obayashi Road Construction Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-01

To reveal a seismic intensity distribution in individual areas, a large-scale detailed seismic intensity survey was conducted in Morioka City through questionnaire, as to the Hokkaido Toho-oki (HE) earthquake occurred on October 4, 1994 with a record of seismic intensity 4 at Morioka, and the Sanriku Haruka-oki (SH) earthquake occurred on December 28, 1994 with a record of seismic intensity 5 at Morioka. A relationship was also examined between the seismic intensity distribution and the properties of shallow basement in Morioka City. The range of seismic intensity was from 2.9 to 4.6 and the difference was 1.7 in the case of HE earthquake, and the range was from 3.1 to 5.0 and the difference was 1.9 in the case of SH earthquake. There were large differences in the seismic intensity at individual points. Morioka City has different geological structures in individual areas. There were differences in the S-wave velocity in the surface layer ranging from 150 to 600 m/sec, which were measured using a plate hammering seismic source at 76 areas in Morioka City. These properties of surface layers were in harmony with the seismic intensity distribution obtained from the questionnaire. For the observation of short frequency microtremors at about 490 points in the city, areas with large amplitudes, mean maximum amplitudes of vertical motion components more than 0.1 mkine were distributed in north-western region and a part of southern region. 4 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

Prospect of concrete technology; Kenchiku ni okeru korekarano konkurito gijutsu no tenbo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suzuki, Tadahiko [Shimizu Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1999-10-10

The privatization of state-owned companies, the abolition of the protectionism to domestic industries and the market liberalization, deregulation to the economic activities or movement to abolition of regulation were concretely made a start. Moreover, the reform of the social life was also requested with an increasing of international global environmental preservation. These reform influences in the construction industry have been affected and could not ignored in consideration of the development in the 21st century. In this paper, the summary of reform in development, construction industry; especially the correspondence in the construction industry and the relation to concrete technology from now were described. Especially, concerning establishment of concrete technology, it was given as the construction of the safe and comfortable space, highly production technical development, countermeasures to resource-saving and environmental preservation, search of new concrete materials, development of the renewal technology and correspondence to large project. (NEDO)

Biomethylation in the natural environment: a review; Shizen kankyo ni okeru biomethylation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tao, H. [National Institute for Resources and Environment, Tsukuba (Japan); Fatoki, O. [University of Fort Hare, (South Africa)

1997-09-25

This paper explains mechanism of biomethylation of such elements important in environmental science as As, Hg, Sn and Pb, and its significance in the environmental science. Biomethylation is a process to bond methyl group directly to metals by actions of living organisms, which is occurring widely in the natural environment. Addition of methyl group onto metallic elements has a high possibility of changing their chemical and physical properties and increasing their movability, thus affecting the geochemical circulation. Particularly, such elements are important for the environmental science as As, Hg, Sn, Pb, Se, Te, Ge, Sb, P, S, and Cl. Deposits in water zones which have been regarded previously as final settling places for heavy metals are active media for anaerobic bacteria which can cause methylation. Important molecules involving in methylation are S-acenosylmethionine (SAM) and methylcobalamin which is a derivative of vitamin B12. The SAM is regarded as sulfonium salt, and the methyl group is transferred as a carbocationic intermediate. 106 refs.

FY 1977 Annual report on Sunshine Project results. Research and development of photovoltaic power generation systems. (Research and development of solar cells of II-VI group compound semiconductor); 1977 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. II-VI zoku kagobutsu handotai taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1978-03-31

This project is aimed at establishment of techniques for pollution-free production of II-VI group compound semiconductor type solar cells. The research items are (1) measures against aging, (2) methods for production of II-VI group compound semiconductors and for forming their joints, and (3) method for assembling solar cell devices.For the item (1), the aging tests are conducted for sintered film type CdS/CdTe solar cells. The C electrode is found to be less aged than the others. The aging tests for the CdS/Cu{sub 2}S cells indicate that it takes 10 years or longer for the performance to be halved under commercial conditions. For the item (2), the sintered film type CdS/CdTe solar cells can be produced by a mass-producible process of screen printing and belt furnace. This production method is promising for producing the solar cells at low cost. For the item (3), it is found that series resistance of the solar cell devices increases as the assembly area increases, resulting in decreased conversion efficiency. The divided structure of the CdTe layer is desired to avoid the above problem. Dividing each unit device increases intrinsic conversion efficiency, but decreases effective power generation area ratio. It is therefore necessary to improve printing precision. (NEDO)

Analysis and evaluation for practical application of photovoltaic power generation system. Analysis and evaluation for extra-high efficiency solar cells (research on new concentrator modules); Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka. Chokokoritsu taiyo denchi no gijutsu kaihatsu no tame no kaiseki hyoka (shingata shuko module)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanimoto, J; Sakuta, K; Sawada, S; Yaoita, A [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for analysis and evaluation of concentrator modules for extra-high efficiency solar cells. The outdoor exposure tests have been under way for 3 years for fluorescent plates, as part of the research program for development of materials and elementary techniques, and essentially no degradation has been observed by the perylene pigment test. Coupling of the fluorescent concentrator and solar cell units is investigated for the coupling position and method, to theoretically analyze geometrical coupling efficiency, where they are coupled at the bottom faces in consideration of easiness of module fabrication. It is demonstrated that a high coupling efficiency can be realized when the cell is sufficiently wide relative to thickness of the fluorescent plate. The coupling method is experimentally examined using transparent silicon gel. A prototype module having the same size as the commercial module (420mm by 960mm) is made on a trial basis, where a total of nine 20mm-thick cells are cut out of a single-crystalline silicon solar cell, 100mm by 100mm in size, and are connected to concentrators at the bottom faces. It shows 2.3 times increased output by the test using a large-area solar simulator. 2 figs.

Fiscal 2000 survey of refuse-fueled power generation introduction technology, etc. Survey of industrial refuse-fueled power generation (Industrial refuse-fueled power generation case study implementation - 1); 2000 nendo chosa haikibutsu hatsuden donyu gijutsu chosa to - Sangyo haikibutsu hatsuden chosa (Sangyo haikibutsu hatsuden case study no jisshi - 1)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Case studies were conducted of industrial refuse-fueled power generation using plastic waste, paper waste, and wood chips, and the same using the excretions of cattle. In the study of power generation fueled by mixed waste containing plastic waste, 325t/d, 220t/d, and 130t/d incinerators having the lower calorific value of 5,960-6,401 kcal/kg were taken up, and steam conditions, generator output, generating-end efficiency, station service power ratio, sending-end efficiency, etc., were tentatively calculated. As for cost efficiency, a manufacturer's estimate indicated that commercialization would be impossible in all the cases unless the construction cost was cut down. In the study of excretion-fueled power generation, cases were taken up where medium-temperature fermentation proceeded for the excretions of 620-29,853 dairy cows (32-1,576 t/d). A calculation was performed on conditions that the construction cost and maintenance/utility costs were as estimated by the manufacturer, that the excretion treatment and power generation facilities were covered by subsidies, and that personnel expenses of 6-million yen were necessary. It was then found that there would be commercial viability in case the yield was 790t/d or higher. (NEDO)

Prospects to solar energy power generation in space. Uchu taiyo hatsuden eno tenbo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kudo, I. (Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan))

1993-05-01

Solar energy power generation in space uses large arrays of solar cells developed on a geosynchronous orbit to obtain electric energy, which is transmitted to the earth using microwaves. The idea had already been advocated in 1968, which was followed a decade later by joint discussions done by NASA and DOE. The concept intended to take care of the U.S. power demand by using 60 power plant satellites, each having an output of 5 GW. This expanse of the scale, regarded reasonable even today, calls for the solar cell arrays in space spreading over an area of 10 km [times] 5 km if silicon solar cells with a conversion efficiency of 15% are used, and rectenna on the ground (a received wave converting facility) forming an ellipse of 10 km [times] 13 km (assuming a location at the north latitude of 36[degree]). Although there are a number of problems in the idea such as transportation means to lift construction materials into the space and effect of microwaves on the ionosphere and the ecosystems, the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology organized a 'committee for investigating and studying the space power generation systems' in the fiscal year 1991, and has been moving discussions forward since then. 7 refs., 5 figs.

Design manual of the wind power system; Furyoku hatsuden system no sekkei manual

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

For the purpose of contributing to the promotion/introduction of the wind power generation in Japan, systematical arrangement was made on items, standards/related laws, etc. to be considered upon designing the wind power system, further describing design examples of the standard system (case study). Out of the items necessary for the design, as to the investigation, arranged were matters and methods to be field-surveyed such as the site situation, surroundings, radio wave hindrance, noise hindrance, measurement, geology, etc. Concerning the determination of sizes of wind turbines to be introduced, procedures for setting sizes of wind turbines suitable for the places proposed for the installation were described. In the design, the knacks were summed up of designing wind power generation facilities, electric equipment, electric works, civil engineering, and measuring instrument. As to the working plan, indicated were the points to be taken notice of in the plan and the standard working process. Also shown were the evaluation method of economic efficiency, etc. In addition, the paper includes the related laws, system design examples, and the data attached. 10 refs., 13 figs., 59 tabs.

Fiscal 1998 research report. Feasibility study on the CO{sub 2} reduction project by residue power generation at the oil refinery in China; 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho. Chugoku no seiyusho ni okeru zansa hatsuden ni yoru CO{sub 2} sakugen project ni kansuru F/S chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

As a part of the basic research on joint project promotion, this feasibility study supposed introduction of IGCC (integrated gasification combined cycle) to Nanjing oil refinery of Jinling Petrochemical Corp. (JPC) in China, estimated the CO{sub 2} emission reduction effect by in-refinery efficient power generation using petroleum coke residue as fuel, and assessed the feasibility of the project together with a cost benefit. The feasibility study result showed the effectiveness of IGCC introduction to the oil refinery for reducing CO{sub 2} emissions, occupying the interest of JPC. However, Nanjing oil refinery already making a decision to adopt another system (BTG) answered that early adoption of this project is difficult. The feasibility study result also showed that efficient operation of IGCC is difficult because of lower generation efficiency of petroleum coke residue, and achievement of the supposed CO{sub 2} emission reduction effect and profitability is difficult. The project based on this feasibility study result is probably difficult to be realized. (NEDO)

Survey of a technology to introduce the waste-fueled power generation. Basic manual for introduction of the waste-fueled power generation; Haikibutsu hatsuden donyu gijutsu chosa. Haikibutsu hatsuden donyu kihon manual

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

Local government offices, etc., which are expected to shoulder responsibility for introducing the waste-fueled power generation, want to need exact information on technical information concerning the waste-fueled power generation and the method to materialize the introduction plan, etc. Therefore, Electric Power Development Co. surveyed and studied it under the contract with NEDO. The results were collected together as a basic manual for introduction of the waste-fueled power generation. As an outline of the waste-fueled power generation, the manual explains the significance, the present situation and potentials, the waste-fueled power system, an outline of working out the waste-fueled power generation plan, an outline of construction and operation/maintenance of the waste-fueled power generation, an outline of various systems relating to the waste-fueled power generation, etc. As the items for the study of making a concrete plan for power generation equipment, the manual explains the amount of refuse to be incinerated, the present status of generation capacity as viewed from the quality of refuse, the quality of refuse and the design of power generation equipment, boiler efficiency, power generation efficiency, construction cost and operation cost, etc. In addition, the paper describes a case study of the waste-fueled power generation plan. 118 figs., 39 tabs.

3D seismic survey in Honjo, Akita. Problems and struggles in acquisition and processing; Akitaken Honjo koku ni okeru sanjigen jishin tansa. Genba sagyo to data shori ni okeru mondaiten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Imahori, S; Kotera, Y; Nakanishi, T [Japan Energy Development Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-05-27

Honjo mining area where investigations are conducted is hilly and has a complicated terrain with gas pipes buried in the ground just under the access road disabling the proper positioning of shock-generating large excavators or vibrators. Auger`s shallow hole shooting method is used in this survey to execute blastings at 639 points. In this method using charge depths of 4m, different from the conventional method using deeper charge depths (20-25m), surface waves prevail in the shot records giving rise to a new problem of removing them in the stage of data processing. The 2D filter that is a powerful tool in 2D data processing is not available in a 3D-survey where the tracing intervals are irregular in the shot records. In the effort of this time, a window length as a parameter in the direction of time is specified, and the F-X dip filtering method is employed in which any event that linearly continues beyond a certain number of traces in the said window is eliminated as a linear noise. It is recommended that the weighting function be changed in the direction of space since surface wave velocities are different at different locations. 1 fig., 1 tab.

Earthquake ground motion research in Sapporo city; Sapporoshi ni okeru jishindo no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sasatani, T [Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan)

1997-10-22

The Research Group on Earthquake Ground Motion in Sapporo City established in May 1996 has inaugurated collection of information on ground structures and observations of strong earthquakes in Sapporo City. The Research Group on Earthquake Ground Motion in Sapporo City has carried out geological investigations, electric logging and PS logging to date in three boring holes each with a depth of about 100 m, 200 m and 600 m. According to the result of the logging in the new Ishikari Bay port (600-m deep hole), the S-wave velocity has increased slowly as it starts from the ground surface to greater depths, but showed no noticeable velocity boundaries in this range of the depth. The Sapporo municipal office has drilled three observation wells (500-m deep) for the purpose of determining focal points of microtremors directly under the city area. Hole-bottom observation has been inaugurated since the beginning of this year. According to comparison of the results of loggings at great depths, a depth at which the S-wave velocity reaches about 700 m/s becomes greater toward the sea area. The result of calculations on amplification characteristics of the SH wave on rock beds revealed that a seismic wave of about 0.5 Hz is amplified by a little more than two times. 1 ref., 5 figs., 1 tab.

Gravitational observation in central Hokkaido; Hokkaido chuobu ni okeru juryoku sokutei ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murata, Y; Makino, M [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan)

1997-10-22

To compile a base map of gravity in Hokkaido, gravity was measured in central Hokkaido where gravity data are absent. Gravity anomaly was made clear in this region. Survey area was 87 km in the east-west and 224 km in the north-south. A topographic map with a scale of 25,000:1 was initially used for determining location and altitude of gravity measuring points. Since the GPS survey was found to be very useful for gravitational observation in the region of Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake in 1995, the GPS has been used in this survey from 1996. Based on new measurements at 2,148 points in addition to existing points, Bouguer anomaly map was made, and density distribution of surface layer of the crust was estimated. As a result, the gravity anomaly pattern in the north-south direction and gravity anomaly in basins and volcanoes were made clear. Quantitative analysis is to be conducted using these gravity data. Using these gravity data, the density distribution of surface layer of the crust was estimated. This distribution agreed well with the geological map in this region. 4 refs., 6 figs.

Visualization techniques in diesel engine research. Diesel Engine kenkyu ni okeru kashika gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Komori, M.; Tsujimura, K. (New ACE., Tsukuba (Japan))

1993-04-01

In order to grasp the phenomena actually occurring in the combustion chamber for improving the combustion and for reducing the exhaust gas emission of the diesel engines, the visualization techniques are becoming to be essential and indispensable. The authors have observed the spray and combustion, when proceeding the combustion improvement by the high pressure injection, and then have performed the image processing and simulation calculation based on them. The high pressure injection devices used for the experiment are the intensifier type and accumulator type which can generate the injection pressure more than 200MPa, and both of them are the electronic controlled hydraulic drive type, and are driven separately from the engine. Since it was found that the analysis of high pressure injection by the hologram is limited in the conditions, as for the spray, the spray analysis was performed by the transmitted light attenuation method and laser sheet method. As for the combustion, the engine for observing the combustion was trially made, and then the combustion state was observed by the high speed photograph. Furthermore, the flame temperature analysis by the image processing using the combustion photograph and the analysis of flow and turbulence of the flame were carried out. 9 refs., 16 figs.

Freezing process in unsaturated packed beds; Fuhowa ryushi sonai ni okeru suibun toketsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Akahori, M; Aoki, K; Hattori, M [Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata (Japan); Tani, T [Oji Paper Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1998-04-25

The freezing process in unsaturated packed beds has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. Water transport to the frozen front plays an important part on freezing. The rate of the absorption of water into frozen layer depended on the freezing heat flux and the water saturation at the freezing front. As a result, ice content in the frozen layer was related to the rate of the absorption of water and the freezing heat flux. A one-dimensional freezing model in unsaturated packed beds has been presented, accounting for the water transport. The predicted water saturation and temperature distributions in the body and the thickness of frozen layer were compared with the experimental results using a porous bed composed of glass beads. 12 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.

Applications of thermal spraying for automotive parts. Jidosha ni okeru yosha no tekiyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mori, K [Toyota Motor Co. Ltd., Aichi (Japan)

1992-10-31

Application of thermal spraying for automotive parts is described. Outlines of the spraying types that are materialized recently, like 'gel-double spraying of turbo-compressor housing part' and 'iron alloy spraying to outer portion of valve lifter made with Al alloy', are introduced. Gel-double spraying technology is widely used in the jet engine of aeroplane, however its use in automotive turbo was difficult from the reason like quality assurance relating to continuous production of automotives. As a result of the research and development based on the above reasons, a low speed torque is confirmed by the formation of gel-double spray layer. Spraying to the outer part of the valve lifter made from Al alloy is cited as the best example of thermal spraying. Relation between flying speed of spraying particles and degree of flattening, etc., relating to the conformity of adhesion power of coated layer, is explained. Further research topics are given as; improvement of spraying efficiency, improvement of resistance of spraying equipments, unification of equipments standards, quantification of spray coatings, design of spray materials, etc. 9 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

Magnetic prospecting in Kaibuki-yama ancient tomb; Kaibukiyama kofun ni okeru zenjiryoku sokutei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nishitani, T [Akita University, Akita (Japan). Mining College

1996-10-01

Kaibuki-yama ancient tomb located in Kumeda, Kishiwada City, Osaka has a square shape in the front and an orbicular shape in the rear, which was considered to be made in the 4th century. This ancient tomb has a total length about 135 m, a diameter of orbicular shape in the rear about 82 m, and a height about 9 m, which is a symbolical existence of the Kumeda ancient tombs. Stone chamber and stone casket made of Sanbagawa crystalline schist or rhyolitic-andesitic tuff are expected in this tomb. Magnetic prospecting in this study is accompanied with this survey. A differential type proton magnetometer was used for the measurements, which were conducted using meshes with 1 m edges. A pair of distinct positive and negative magnetic anomalies were observed in the center of orbicular shape in the rear. This coincides with a location of main body buried, which is archaeologically estimated. The magnetic anomaly might be caused by the article buried in the tomb, such as ironware, based on the measurement of magnetic intensity. From the calculated values of magnetic anomaly using a model, the buried article with magnetic anomaly was considered to have a size with length of 1 m, width of 0.1 m, and height of 0.2m. The negative magnetic anomaly could not be explained only by this. It is necessary to consider the other reasons. 8 refs., 8 figs.

Hybrid structure in civil engineering construction.; Doboku bun`ya ni okeru fukugo kozo.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ikeda, S. [Yokohama National Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1995-03-30

The structure of steel-concrete hybrid structure which is recently attracting attention is outlined quoting some examples. The effects of steel-concrete hybrid structure are classified according to the characteristics. The Normandie Bridge completed in January this year near the mouth of the Seine River in France is a cable stayed bridge with the world largest span, and it has a hybrid structure of ingeniously combined steel and concrete. The Dole Bridge in France is a hybrid bridge with 7 continuous spans having steel corrugated sheets in the web. Hybrid structure has come to be applied to many structures other than the superstructure works of bridges. The substructures of bridges are applied to immersed tunnels, and the usefulness has come to be recognized widely. The features of hybrid structure can contribute well to the reinforcement of existing structures. In addition, adoption of hybrid structure has been studied as the best method for repairing and reinforcing structures damaged by earthquakes. 8 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

Development in fiscal 1999 of technology to put photovoltaic power generation system into practical use. International cooperation project Collection of information on IEA wind power research and development program; 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden systsem jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu kokusai kyoryoku jigyo seika hokokusho. IEA furyoku kenkyu kaihatsu program ni kansuru joho shushu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Participation was taken place in the executive committee for the implementation agreement of the IEA wind power research and development and other task workshops to investigate the status of research and development of wind power generation systems in other countries. The contents of the main activities under the implementation agreement of the IEA wind power research and development include researches on innovative technologies, analysis of the state-of-art wind power technologies, exchange of technological information, and expansion of the cooperation with industries, electric power operators, and non-IEA member countries. The agreement is participated currently by 17 countries and 19 contracted organizations from EC. The participants to the IEA R and D wind implementation agreement are taking activities in the tasks called the annexes. The activities of the annexes include exchange of fundamental technological information, annual generalization of the promotion of wind power energy utilization in the countries participated in the IEA implementation agreement, round-robin tests of windmills, and expansion of the wind characteristics database and the database for field rotor aerodynamics. Publications that have been issued include the 'Annual report', and newsletters issued once to twice annually. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1995 on analysis and evaluation of demonstration tests for establishment of residential photovoltaic power generation load leveling technology (putting of related data into order); 1995 nendo kenkyu hokokusho. Jutaku you taiyoko hatsuden fuka heijunka gijutsu tou kakuritsu jissho shiken ni kansuru kaiseki hyoka (Kanren data no seibi)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

Research and development has been performed with the objectives to establish an evaluation technology for load leveling effect by using a small photovoltaic power generation system for residential use, to clarify the effectiveness of the system as a discrete power supply source through demonstration operation, and furthermore to achieve optimization of the small photovoltaic power generation system for residential use. This paper describes the actual state survey data related to grid connection systems for the small photovoltaic power generation system for residential use. The survey has been performed mainly on the system for individuals' use inside and outside Japan with regard to the small grid connection systems of 1-10 kW scale. The number of survey has reached 216 cases for 46 prefectures in Japan (1,004.02 kW in total), and 47 cases for 13 other countries (205.60 kW in total), or 263 cases in grand total (1,209.63 kW). These 263 cases were tabulated with items of owners (or the facility names and installation locations) as seen by territories (prefectures or countries), facility operators (or executing organizations), connection modes, and power generation scales. These data will serve for discussions on the load leveling effect and the optimized system forms. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program research and development of photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Research on amorphous silicon defect density); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (Amorphous silicon no kekkan mitsudo no kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

So as to determine the energy distribution of defect level density in a-Si, which is indispensable for an optimum solar cell design, the hitherto unclear theoretical relationship between the field effect method and MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) capacity method is made clear, and a unified theory is newly established. A high-speed totally automatic evaluation system is developed, capable of high-accuracy determination of defect levels. For the realization of an a-Si MOS structure required for fulfilling the above purpose, a-Si is grown and then diborane and ammonia are subjected to a glow discharge decomposition process for the formation of a new insulation film. It is found that the material may be utilized for MOS structure construction for defect density evaluation. Studies are conducted on plasma emission spectroscopy and infrared absorption analysis for the elucidation of growth mechanism for the growth of high-quality a-Si. Key radicals in plasma that govern film growth are investigated. It is disclosed that excited hydrogen in plasma plays an important part in microcrystalline phase deposition. It is also disclosed that hydrogenation greatly improves on CVD (chemical vapor deposition) a-Si doping efficiency. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1995 on analysis and evaluation of demonstration tests for establishment of residential photovoltaic power generation load leveling technology (putting of related data into order); 1995 nendo kenkyu hokokusho. Jutaku you taiyoko hatsuden fuka heijunka gijutsu tou kakuritsu jissho shiken ni kansuru kaiseki hyoka (Kanren data no seibi)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

Research and development has been performed with the objectives to establish an evaluation technology for load leveling effect by using a small photovoltaic power generation system for residential use, to clarify the effectiveness of the system as a discrete power supply source through demonstration operation, and furthermore to achieve optimization of the small photovoltaic power generation system for residential use. This paper describes the actual state survey data related to grid connection systems for the small photovoltaic power generation system for residential use. The survey has been performed mainly on the system for individuals' use inside and outside Japan with regard to the small grid connection systems of 1-10 kW scale. The number of survey has reached 216 cases for 46 prefectures in Japan (1,004.02 kW in total), and 47 cases for 13 other countries (205.60 kW in total), or 263 cases in grand total (1,209.63 kW). These 263 cases were tabulated with items of owners (or the facility names and installation locations) as seen by territories (prefectures or countries), facility operators (or executing organizations), connection modes, and power generation scales. These data will serve for discussions on the load leveling effect and the optimized system forms. (NEDO)

FY 1996 Report on the results of development of photovoltaic power generation system commercialization technologies. Development of device for producing compound semiconductors for photovoltaic cells (Development of flying tester); 1996 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyo denchiyo kagobutsu handotai seizo sochi kaihatsu - hikoyo shikenki no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The compound semiconductor production process is tested under a microgravity by the space experiment/observation free flier (SFU), to reduce the photovoltaic power generation cost. Described herein are the FY 1996 results. The device is confirmed to work as planned by the full-scale test conducted in FY 1995, when it stood on the orbit and was recovered by the space shuttle STS-72 January, 1996. The recovered SFU-carried devices, including the electrical furnace and related subsystems, were found to normally function, and it was concluded that they could be evaluated and analyzed after the flight. The comprehensive evaluation and analysis of their electrical, mechanical, thermal functions have confirmed that they functioned and showed performance as planned, demonstrating validity of the designs and production procedures. The test samples were taken out of the recovered combined furnace, focus furnace and single-heat furnace for the space environment utilization tests. The other samples had much more uniform compositional distributions than those produced on the ground. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technology to put photovoltaic power generation system into practical use. International cooperation project Collection of information on IEA wind power research and development program; 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden systsem jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu kokusai kyoryoku jigyo seika hokokusho. IEA furyoku kenkyu kaihatsu program ni kansuru joho shushu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Participation was taken place in the executive committee for the implementation agreement of the IEA wind power research and development and other task workshops to investigate the status of research and development of wind power generation systems in other countries. The contents of the main activities under the implementation agreement of the IEA wind power research and development include researches on innovative technologies, analysis of the state-of-art wind power technologies, exchange of technological information, and expansion of the cooperation with industries, electric power operators, and non-IEA member countries. The agreement is participated currently by 17 countries and 19 contracted organizations from EC. The participants to the IEA R and D wind implementation agreement are taking activities in the tasks called the annexes. The activities of the annexes include exchange of fundamental technological information, annual generalization of the promotion of wind power energy utilization in the countries participated in the IEA implementation agreement, round-robin tests of windmills, and expansion of the wind characteristics database and the database for field rotor aerodynamics. Publications that have been issued include the 'Annual report', and newsletters issued once to twice annually. (NEDO)

Development of large scale and wind energy conservation system. Operational studies on a large-scale wind energy conservation system; Ogata furyoku hatsuden system no kaihatsu. Ogata furyoku hatsuden system no unten kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takita, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for operational studies on a large-scale wind energy conversion system. A total of 8 domestic and foreign cases are studied for wind energy conversion cost, to clarify the causes for higher cost of the Japanese system. The wind power systems studied include Japanese (5 units at Tappi Wind Park, the same type supplied by company M), US (California Wind Farm, 300 units) and UK (Wales Wind Farm, 103 units) systems. The investment costs are 639, 285 and 189 thousand yen/kW for the Japanese, US and UK systems, respectively. It is also revealed that the power plant itself and assembling costs account for a majority (70 to 88%) of the total investment cost. The higher cost of the Japanese system results from a smaller number of units installed, and the power plant cost can be drastically reduced by mass production. Increasing size also reduces cost greatly.

Study on the optimal control of the ground thermal storage system in the greenhouse. Part 4; Onshitsu ni okeru taiyo energy dochu chikunetsu system ni okeru saiteki seigyo ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zheng, M [Sanko Air Conditioning Co. Ltd., Osaka (Japan); Nakahara, N [Kanagawa University, Yokohama (Japan)

1996-10-27

Three types of weight in both energy saving and optimum room temperature environment were changed to obtain the optimal control solution of the ground thermal storage system in a greenhouse. The relation diagram between the optimal solution of a performance function, and the state constraints and control function constraints was created in consideration of the energy term in a control function value area and the room temperature environment. As a result, the whole image of the performance function could be grasped in consideration of the energy term with inequality constraints and the room temperature environmental term in this study. The rate of a weighting factor in the performance function significantly influences the optimal solution. The influence on the optimal solution also changes when the optimal room temperature schedule differs. The influence that three types of rising algorithm exert on the convergence and converging speed was investigated. Superiority or inferiority occurs according to the space properties of a performance function. A zigzag method is most disadvantageous. The constraints can be converged to the optimal solution using an SUMT outer point method irrespective of the initial value. 6 refs., 6 figs., 4 tabs.

Study on closed cycle MHD generation systems; Closed cycle MHD hatsuden system no kento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1988-03-01

The closed cycle noble gas MHD generation systems are surveyed and studied. The concept of closed cycle noble gas MHD generation is confirmed to extract high enthalpy, and now going into the engineering demonstration stage from the basic research stage. These systems have various characteristics. The highest working temperature is around 1,700 degrees C, which is close to that associated with the existing techniques. Use of helium or argon gas as the working fluid makes the system relatively free of various problems, e.g., corrosion. It can attain a much higher efficiency than the combined cycle involving gas turbine. It suffers less heat loss in the passages, is suitable for small- to medium-capacity power generation systems, and copes with varying load. The compact power generation passages decrease required size of the superconducting magnet. The technical problems to be solved include optimization of power generation conditions, demonstration of durability of the power generation passages, injection/recovery of the seed material, treatment of the working gas to remove molecular impurities, and development of heat exchangers serviceable at high temperature produced by direct combustion of coal. The conceptual designs of the triple combined system are completed. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 basic study for promotion of joint implementation. Study of greenhouse gas reduction by modifying the power generation system of a power station in the Republic of Kazakhstan; 1999 nendo Kazakhstan ni okeru hatsudensho no hatsuden system kaishu ni yoru onshitsu koka gas sakugen ni kansuru chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

A feasibility study is conducted aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by refurbishing obsolete power stations in Shymkent City, the Republic of Kazakhstan. The clean development mechanism is also discussed. Aircraft engine-derived 20MW-class gas turbine cogenerators will be introduced, one each into a 1st and 2nd power stations. A simple-cycle model of the same will also be introduced into the 1st power station. The facility costs will be US$61.279 million for the 1st power station and US$33.590 million for the 2nd power station. The amount of fuel to be saved will be 238.6-thousand tons/year in terms of oil, totalling 5,964-thousand tons in a 25-year period. As for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, there will be a 737.9-thousand tons/year reduction in terms of CO2, meaning a total reduction of 18.448-thousand ton in a 25-year period. An FIRRROI (Financial Internal Rate of Return on Investment) is tentatively calculated using power and heat prices presented by the other party. The result of calculation shows that the net cash flow before and after tax stays negative throughout the whole operating period, which means a total lack of cost effectiveness. This is attributed to the low power and heat unit prices set by the other party, extremely lower than the internationally accepted prices. The FIRRROI after tax will turn positive when the unit prices are 1.5 times higher and the total investment is reduced by 20%. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1980 Sunshine Project research report. Development of hydrothermal power plant (Development of binary cycle power plant); 1980 nendo nessui riyo hatsuden plant no kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Binary cycle hatsuden plant no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1981-03-01

This report summarizes the fiscal 1980 research result on evaluation of elementary technology studies, research on plant technologies, and assessment of profitability for development of the next 10MW class large binary cycle power plant. In evaluation of heat media and heat cycles, selection of heat media and preparation of specimens through document survey, measurement of thermal characteristics, and preparation of pressure-enthalpy charts were carried out for selection of promising media. In evaluation of materials, as the field corrosion test and simulation results on 3 kinds of welding materials, it was concluded that SUS316 is best as material. In evaluation of heat medium turbine, through the test on oil film seal and mechanical seal techniques, various information were obtained. In evaluation of mist-cooling condenser, experiment on the basic unit heat exchanger, and study on the optimum design were carried out. In addition, research on plant technologies, and assessment of profitability were conducted. (NEDO)

FY 1998 Report on development of large-scale wind power generation systems. Feasibility study on development of new technologies for wind power generation (Study on the development of wind power generation); 1998 nendo ogata furyoku hatsuden system kaihatsu. Furyoku hatsuden shingijutsu kaihatsu kanosei chosa (furyoku hatsuden gijutsu ni kansuru kaihatsu doko chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This survey is designed to analyze, e.g., current status of large-scale wind power generation devices/system technologies and development trends worldwide, and to make predictions about future developments, in an effort to contribute to advancements in new technology for wind power generation systems in Japan. The international R and D cooperation programs promoted by IEA and EU have helped the participants produce a number of good results at lower costs. The European countries have developed the wind power generation industries in each area, promoted by the governmental subsidy policies, and are leading the world. The system is becoming larger, from around an average unit capacity of 250kW in the beginning of the 90's to 600kW now, reducing the cost by the scale merit. The improved computer capacity has made it possible to more easily analyze the complicated rotor aerodynamics, structural dynamics, wind characteristics and other factors related to wind power generation systems. The future R and D directions will include world standards for large-scale wind turbines, advancements in wind farm technologies, offshore wind power generation systems, advancement in design technologies, and new concepts for wind power turbine designs, e.g., floating wind turbine. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1983 Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system (Verification of experimental low cost silicon refining - Development of technology for chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process); 1983 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tei cost silicon jikken seisei kensho (Chlorosilane no suiso kangen kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1984-03-01

The effort aims to develop a reactor and its peripheral devices and process management technology therefor and to develop chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process technology as part of the endeavors to develop a low cost production process for silicon for photovoltaic cells for the purpose of building a model plant capable of approximately 10 tons/year in terms of SOG (spin on glass) silicon. A study is made of ten operations (total reaction time of 2,264 hours), and it turns out that the electric power consumption efficiency is near the initially planned value. The yield of Si is, however, but 16.5% which is lower than the initially planned value of 20%. The value is elevated to 18% by raising the reactor temperature. To prevent overcleaning, a reactor with its internal walls experimentally coated with SiC is tested. The problems with devices other than the reactor tube are extraction rendered difficult by anomalously grown granules and processing devices choked by Si powder contained in waste gas after reaction. The first problem is settled by modifying the extraction tube but the other still needs a remedy. The produced granules are found to be high in quality. The seed producing roll crusher is operated for a total of 92 hours yielding 857kg in total. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1982 Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system (Verification of experimental low cost silicon refining - Development of technology for chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process); 1982 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tei cost silicon jikken seisei kensho (Chlorosilane no suiso kangen kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1983-03-01

The effort aims to develop a reactor and its peripheral devices and process management technology therefor and to develop chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process technology as part of the endeavors to develop a low cost production process for silicon for photovoltaic cells for the purpose of building a model plant capable of approximately 10 tons/year in terms of SOG (spin on glass) silicon. The installation of a 10 tons/year class model plant for SOG-Si production is completed in July 1982. Flaws are removed after a test run, and four reactions are accomplished without damage on the reactor tube in the period from February-end to March-beginning marking 550 hours of operation in total. Thanks to the four operations, 1,086kg of granules are experimentally produced and an electric power consumption rate of 30.6KWH/kg Si is achieved, control of the flowing particle amount by reactor differential pressure is accomplished and the same of the yield by recovered silane liquid composition analysis, and essence is seized of operation control technologies. In an experimental apparatus for seed production, Si is crushed by a roll crusher and then subjected to separation by a quartz-made air elutriator. A high yield of 130kg is obtained after crushing for 75 hours. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 Sunshine Program on development of practical application technologies for photovoltaic power systems. Test production and verification of solar panels (Development of polycrystalline substrate process technologies); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyo denchi panel jikken seisaku kensho (takessho kiban kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

Studies are conducted to enlarge the diameter of polycrystalline Si castings and to develop a low-loss slicing method using silicon nitride powder as mold releasing agent. The apparatus for Czochralski's pulling process is improved and tested using SEG (selective epitaxial growth) Si, and now the casting of a 150mm-diameter ingot is feasible. Also, test production of a 94mm-square wafer as specified by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) is successfully carried out. Difficulties in separating the mold releasing agent from the crucible are solved by changing the Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} power solution from PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) to ethyl silicate. The design, manufacture, and installation of the important parts of the system for the mass production of castings are now complete. The crucible is designed to be movable relative to the heater section, and the molten Si is allowed to cool and solidify from the bottom upward. In relation with the development of low-cost wafer manufacturing technologies, low-loss slicing methods are studied. It is concluded that under the current circumstances a multi-blade saw is more promising than the multi-wire saw in view of the damaged slice rate, processing speed, operating cost, and maintainability. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1985 Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system (Verification of experimental low cost silicon refining - Development of technology for chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process); 1985 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tei cost silicon jikken seisei kensho (chlorosilane no suiso kangen kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1986-03-01

The operation continues of the experimental device capable of producing 10 tons/year of SOG (spun on glass)-Si, and efforts are under way to carry out improvements, to verify such improvements for the results, and to develop operation control technologies. During the operation, improvements are made with respect to the length of stable operation period, granule quality, and device operation, and the results are verified. An automated control test system is verified, and a reactor tube newly developed by Shin-Etsu Chemical Company is subjected to a durability verification test. On the other hand, development is started of SiC-CVD (chemical vapor deposition) technology for materials for large reactor tubes, studies are started on a basic experimental device, basic studies are conducted for designing a large reactor, and investigations are conducted of a large plant conceptual design, an automated control system for reactors, and so forth. The results achieved are all found to be satisfactory. Above all, the granule quality is improved to be quite high in purity, and a cast cell made from improved granules exhibits a photoelectric conversion efficiency to exceed 13%. It is also found that the newly developed reactor tube is stronger than conventional reactor tubes and will be advantageous over others in the future enlargement of devices. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1986 Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system (Verification of experimental low cost silicon refining - Development of technology for chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process); 1986 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tei cost silicon jikken seisei kensho (Chlorosilane no suiso kangen kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1987-03-01

The aim is to develop a fluidized bed reactor high in productivity and low in power consumption for the realization of mass production of low cost polycrystalline silicon usable for solar cell construction. An experimental device capable of producing 10 tons/year of SOG (spun on glass)-Si is built and operated. The fluidized bed reactor treating trichlorosilane as the material and the product quality achieve the initially set goals, and the essence is seized of operation management technology. In fiscal 1986, for development of the technology into a practical application technology, designs are prepared for a larger reactor unit and a large plant of the commercial scale. From the viewpoints of production efficiency and cost, the enlargement of a reactor unit is an inevitable task to discharge before practical application. There are two challenges to meet. One is the development of technologies for manufacturing large reactor tubes strong enough to withstand practical service and the other the development of a reactor structure fit for dimensional enlargement. It is then found that the concept of an economically optimum design relative to device series or device block formation is variable in the case of large plants, dependent on the scale of production, and that therefore it is necessary to arrange problems in a proper order to facilitate further deliberation. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1996 on analysis and evaluation of demonstration tests for establishment of residential photovoltaic power generation load leveling technology, of which IEA international cooperation project; 1996 nendo kenkyu hokokusho. Jutaku you taiyoko hatsuden fuka heijunka gijutsu tou kakuritsu jissho shiken ni kansuru kaiseki hyoka no uchi IEA kokusai kyoryoku jigyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

This paper summarizes the activities related to the Annex II 'Communication technology for DSM' in the international cooperation agreement on the DSM program by IEA. With regard to the 'needs in relation with DSM and the related functions and the communication technology between the demand side and the electric power companies required for the execution thereof', a survey has been made by sending question letters to ten membership nations, which has been compiled into a report. With respect to the 'evaluation on the method for international cooperation on standardization of the communication technology', replies to the question letters from the membership nations were analyzed. Decisions were given on the standards directly related to the communication technology for DSM, the standard drafting organizations, and the working groups. With regard to the 'evaluation on priority on research, development and demonstration of the communication technology for DSM', propositions were given as the project on the technology for communications inside a building for DSM and the related functions, development and transfer of DSM and the related functions from the communication media for a narrow band to a wide band, and specifications for the customers' terminals. In developing the general purpose personal computer software 'eaCOMMS', distribution and discussions were given on the trial edition. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1987 Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system (Verification of experimental low cost silicon refining - Development of technology for chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process); 1987 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tei cost silicon jikken seisei kensho (Chlorosilane no suiso kangen kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1988-03-01

Since its construction in 1982, the experimental device capable of 10 tons/year production of SOG (spun on glass)-Si has been in operation, and the trichlorosilane processing fluidized bed reactor has achieved its goals in performance and product quality. Element studies continue for the enlargement of the reactor unit for practical application and for the designing of a large plant of the commercially viable scale. In fiscal 1987, element studies are conducted for the enlargement of the reactor unit. Concerning the development of technologies for the manufacture of large reactor tubes strong enough to withstand practical application, efforts are made to strengthen materials for the fabrication of reactor element tubes (230mm and 500mm in diameter), to develop SiC-CVD (chemical vapor deposition) technology to provide reactor tube materials with resistance to corrosion, and to develop a single reactor tube structure indispensable for device enlargement. For the verification of such element technologies, in line with the study of experimental device operation capable of 10 tons/year SOG-Si production, studies are conducted on continuous stable operation technologies for the fluidized bed reactor, maintenance and improvement of product quality, and enhancement of durability of constituent parts and components. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use. International cooperation projects (Collection of information on IEA photovoltaic air conditioning and hot water supply program); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kokusai kyoryoku jigyo (IEA taiyo reidanbo kyuto program ni kansuru joho shushu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This paper reports activities of collecting items of information by dispatching experts mainly composed of members of the IEA photovoltaic air conditioning, and solar heating and cooling program (SHCP) committee to the SHCP Executive Committee and the Task expert conferences. This treaty is intended to assist creating the environmentally sustainable future by utilizing solar designs and technologies. It also aims at developing solar technologies including cost reduction as a result of the joint researches with business entities, structuring international markets, providing items of information, quantifying the effectiveness to the environment, performing the international standardization, and promoting utilization of solar technologies in developing countries. The tasks now in action include architectural lighting, methods for analyzing solar architectural energies, optimization of solar energy utilization in large buildings, procurement of active solar systems, air conditioning systems in buildings using the solar energy, solar heat composite systems, expansion of exterior component materials for solar buildings, sustainable buildings, agricultural solar drying, solar cities, a hybrid heat/PV solar system. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1984 Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system (Verification of experimental low cost silicon refining - Development of technology for chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process); 1984 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tei cost silicon jikken seisei kensho (chlorosilane no suiso kangen kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-03-01

In fiscal 1984, studies are conducted for long-time stabilized operation of the device (extension of reactor tube service life, elimination of flaws in the granule extraction process, control of deposited silicon), improved granule quality (measures to deal with Cu pollution), cost reduction (improvement on yield of silicon after reaction, reduction in electric power consumption rate), and so forth. The results are found to be satisfactory in outline. The problem of strengthening the reactor tube material itself remains to be solved, however, with many knotty issues to settle before practical application. In the effort to deliberate these difficulties, as many as 4,377 hours (reaction hours) in total are spent in fiscal 1984. During the operation, 8.3 tons of granules are produced of which approximately 7 tons are fed to the next stage of processing. The quality of granules produced in this way is stable thanks to efforts to prevent pollution and to prolong continuous reaction time, and is found to satisfy NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) specifications. Furthermore, the cast cell and the ribbon cell using thus-produced granules achieve photoelectric conversion rates of 10% and 9%, respectively, thereby meeting the target goal of 9%. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1993 achievement report on New Sunshine Program. Development of photovoltaic power generation system practicalization technology (Development of ultrahigh-efficiency solar cell technology - Development of crystalline compound solar cell technology); 1993 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chokokoritsu taiyo denchi no gijutsu kaihatsu (kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-03-01

Efforts are made to enhance InGaP cell efficiency (target 16%) on a GaAs substrate by prolonging the InGaP minor carrier life span. In preparation of InGaP cell fabrication on silicon, a study is made of epitaxial growth of a wide band gap layer. By improving on the conditions of InGaP heteroepitaxial growth under the MOCVD (metal-organic chemical vapor deposition) method on a GaAs substrate, the InGaP cell base layer minority carrier life span is increased to be longer than 5ns. The use of epitaxial crystals greatly improves on the efficiency of InGaP cells on a GaAs substrate. Furthermore, cell structure improvement and the like are accomplished, which results in the achievement of an efficiency rate of 17.4%. As a basic technology for the fabrication of InGaP/Si tandem cells, experiments are conducted of growing a wide gap layer for the growth of Ln{sub 1-x}Ga{sub x}P on an silicon substrate. For the evaluation of epitaxial crystals and interfaces, time resolution photoluminescence measurement is performed and the result is compared with the result of simulation. (NEDO)

Volatiles production from the coking of coal; Sekitan no netsubunkai ni okeru kihatsubun seisei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamashita, Y.; Saito, H.; Inaba, A. [National Institute for Resources and Environment, Tsukuba (Japan)

1996-10-28

In order to simplify the coke manufacturing process, a coke production mechanism in coal pyrolysis was discussed. Australian bituminous coal which can produce good coke was used for the discussion. At a temperature raising rate of 50{degree}C per minute, coal weight loss increases monotonously. However, in the case of 3{degree}C, the weight loss reaches a peak at a maximum ultimate temperature of about 550{degree}C. The reaction mechanism varies with the temperature raising rates, and in the case of 50{degree}C per minute, volatiles other than CO2 and propane increased. Weight loss of coal at 3{degree}C per minute was caused mainly by methane production at 550{degree}C or lower. When the temperature is raised to 600{degree}C, tar and CO2 increased, and so did the weight loss. Anisotropy was discerned in almost of all coke particles at 450{degree}C, and the anisotropy became remarkable with increase in the maximum ultimate temperature. Coke and volatiles were produced continuously at a temperature raising rate of 50{degree}C per minute, and at 3{degree}C per minute, the production of the coke and volatiles progressed stepwise as the temperature has risen. 7 refs., 6 figs.

Dissipative structure of mechanically stimulated reaction; Kikaiteki reiki hanno ni okeru san`itsu kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hida, M. [Okayama Univ., Okayama (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1994-12-20

Recently various studies have been conducted concerning the state changes of materials obtained through mechanical alloying (MA) or mechano-chemical (MC) processing. What is noticeable is the quasi-steady state of almost all the materials obtained through various processes including MA and MC, and that the super cooling, supersaturating and high residue distortion realized under unbalanced conditions have not been clarified. In other words, the tracing capability to the external binding conditions is low. In this report, the appearance of the high temperature phase and high pressure phase obtained through MA or MC processing, the forming of amorphous, the mesomerism of the amorphous materials, the interesting phenomena generated by combination between the mechanical disturbance and chemical reactions were discussed with concrete examples, and a steady dissipative organization theory was approached from the viewpoint of dissipative structure development which is equal to the forming process of the quasi-steady phase. 34 refs., 2 figs.

Automobile industry and globalization in Asian market; Asia ni okeru jidosha sangyo to globalization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-01-01

Asian countries are now attracting attention of automobile manufacturers of the world for their capabilities of buying, producing, and assembling of automobiles, and producing and supplying of parts, which means that the Asian market is now exposed to globalization. As for the automobile and part manufacturers of Japan, in the presence of economic depression lingering in Asia affecting motorization and rapid changes in the circumstances Japan`s automobile industry finds itself under, are pressed to work out new strategies as a member of the Asian community. A panel discussion of the same name as the subject held in 1997 won favor as a fine initiative to suitably cope with the difficult situation. Useful suggestions and proposals were made concerning the panel discussion, calling the event a new type of round-table talks well responding to the rapid changes in the world economy since 1997, by learned and experienced people, the government offices concerned, staffers of manufacturers in charge of overseas marketing, and international information analysts. They related to the current state and tasks of automobile manufacturing in Asia, trends of regulations and standardization, rolls of technical assistance and the Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Ltd., expressed from a wide angle covering various problems relative to environmental protection, safety, etc. (NEDO)

Preventive measures of water pollution in China; Chugoku ni okeru suishitsu odaku boshi taisaku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qian, Y.; Huang, X.

1996-01-10

This paper describes the progress and the major results of research and development on technologies and measures to prevent water pollution in China. Tests and researches have been performed on an upward anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), a vertical baffled anaerobic sludge blanket, two-phase anaerobic digestion, and an anaerobic fluidized bed. When anaerobically digested sludge and aerobic active sludge are inoculated in the UASB, particle-shaped sludge was formed well in both sludges. This technology has begun to be used in breweries and citric acid factories. With anaerobic treatment of waste water containing sulfate, the sulfate was recovered as sulfur by using the first and second phases. Research and development is being progressed on the oxidation ditch technology as an improved version of the active sludge method. In a pilot test of a soil treatment system and a stabilization pond treatment system as alternative technology for the active sludge method, the BOD in the treated water was found 2.5 mg{times}1/l. Attentions are drawn on primary treatment, a living organism contact oxidation method, and a continuous filtration treatment process as technologies to turn polluted water into resources. 6 refs., 1 tab.

High resolution CSMT method for shallow structure; Senjo ochi ni okeru kobunkaino denjiho tansa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamane, K; Takasugi, S [GERD Geothermal Energy Research and Development Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Inazaki, S [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Sasaki, Y

1997-10-22

Electromagnetic exploration methods and seismic reflection methods are conducted for the study of applicability of geophysical exploration to shallow layer geological survey. In the study, four north-south traverse lines are set in 400mtimes200m grassland. Tensor type CSMT methods are employed, a CSMT method using 96kHz-1kHz artificial magnetic fields and an MT method using 1kHz-10kHz natural magnetic fields, for the determination of resistivity distribution in the ground. Distributed in the site are a surface layer composed of gravel-containing sand and silt, andesitic fractured lava, and massive andesite, and the exploration reaches several tens of meters below the surface. The results of CSMT measurements are found to be in agreement with reflection profiles acquired simultaneously with these CSMT measurements. It is found, furthermore, that CSMT profiles help identify reflection waveforms in a domain where reflection is obscure. It is also found that electromagnetic methods are effective in fault logging because they are very sensitive to porosity, or the amount of pore water, which is higher in a domain with subsurface cracks than in the neighborhood without cracks. 1 ref., 4 figs.

Source inversion in the full-wave tomography; Full wave tomography ni okeru source inversion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsuchiya, T [DIA Consultants Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-22

In order to consider effects of characteristics of a vibration source in the full-wave tomography (FWT), a study has been performed on a method to invert vibration source parameters together with V(p)/V(s) distribution. The study has expanded an analysis method which uses as the basic the gradient method invented by Tarantola and the partial space method invented by Sambridge, and conducted numerical experiments. The experiment No. 1 has performed inversion of only the vibration source parameters, and the experiment No. 2 has executed simultaneous inversion of the V(p)/V(s) distribution and the vibration source parameters. The result of the discussions revealed that and effective analytical procedure would be as follows: in order to predict maximum stress, the average vibration source parameters and the property parameters are first inverted simultaneously; in order to estimate each vibration source parameter at a high accuracy, the property parameters are fixed, and each vibration source parameter is inverted individually; and the derived vibration source parameters are fixed, and the property parameters are again inverted from the initial values. 5 figs., 2 tabs.

Refraction experiment in the Kobe-Hanshin area; Kobe Hanshin kan ni okeru kussetsuho tansa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koketsu, K [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Earthquake Research Institute

1996-05-01

The refraction experiments were conducted to investigate the underground structures reaching the basement by analyzing the results of the artificial earthquakes the explosion earthquake research group produced in City of Kobe and the Hanshin District on December 12 to 15, 1995. Considering that noise level can exceed 1 mkine in an urban area even in the mid-night, the courses of traverse were drawn focusing on Points S2 through S4 and U1. The earthquake waves from Points S2 through S4 are generally low in amplitude. However, the major components of the signals have a dominant frequency exceeding 10Hz, which makes them distinguishable from urban noise having a lower frequency, contrary to the previous indication that such a low-amplitude wave might not be distinguishable. On the other hand, the signals from the explosion at Point 4 in Awaji Island cannot be distinguished in the urban area, even on the nearby course of traverse D. At present, the analytical group is organized to read various phases running and analyze the P-velocity structures. 2 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.

Noise and vibration improvement technologies for engines; Engine ni okeru soon shindo kaizen gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuzuoka, H.; Maeda, R. [Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1999-02-01

This is an outline of recent measurement and simulation technology for reduction of engine noise and vibration. We can recognize correct phenomenon by visualization of noise and vibration phenomena using new measurement technology. And we can create optimum countermeasures using new simulation technology In this report, examples of application of these technology in the development of NEO-DI engines are provided. (author)

Mechatronization of rotating machines in plant; Plant ni okeru kaiten kikai no mechatronics ka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kikuchi, H. [Chiyoda Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1993-10-01

This paper introduces mechatronization of rotating machines in a plant, with application examples of electronic governors as the main subject. For centrifugal compressors, design and fabrication of anti surging control system have become possible by using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and a distributed control system (DCS) with fine scanning time. An electronic governor for turbine control has been added with a function to control amount of power generated by a motive force recovery device in a flowing catalytic cracking equipment by means of an expander inlet valve. This has made possible to operate the motive force recovery device automatically even under a low load operation. With an electronic governor to control supply and receipt amount of steam to and from an existing plant, the governor valve opening angles were so controlled that actual steam header pressure matches the setting, whereas the steam has become possible to be utilized without waste under normal operation. Operation of a comprehensive compressor/turbine monitoring system on DCS, operation of centrifugal compressors of two casings by using electromagnetic bearings, and motor speed control with use of an inverter heve also become possible. 8 figs., 2 tabs.

Development of a platoon driving AHS; AHS jikkensha ni okeru gunsoko seigyo no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seto, Y; Inoue, H [Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

Nissan and the Public Work Research Institute of the Ministry of Construction are developing an Automated Highway System. We are investigating a longitudinal control system in AHS. In this paper, a vehicle control method using two actuators an engine and a brake, is described. Experimental and simulated results are shown. A Platoon driving control method using road-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-vehicle communication is described. And the influence of the communication on the control performance is shown by experiments and simulation. The effects of the communication device and control device mentioned above are verified by experimental results in an AHS field test conducted in September 1996 on a dosed highway. 5 refs., 8 figs.

Revised design calculations of lift systems; Elevator no setsubi keikaku ni okeru kotsu keisan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maeda, T.; Komaya, K. [Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1998-07-01

For sufficient transportation capacity and passengers comfort and convenience, it is very important to design the suitable lift systems (e.g., the appropriate number of cages, velocity, capacity etc.) using a model which describes real elevator movements. The procedure used in conventional design calculations for office buildings is to determine the transportation capacity for the up-peak traffic situation using a simple passengers arrival model. This paper presents a new design calculations using balanced traffic model, which can deal with the elevator movements considering passengers arrival rate. As some performance indexes to evaluate the quality of service can be calculated by using this model, lift system designers can determine the appropriate lift facilities as to satisfy their goals. The validity of the proposed model is also shown by comparing with the measured data in real lift systems. 6 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.

Mechanized and robotized welding in shipbuilding; Zosen ni okeru yosetsu no jidoka robot ka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kanda, Y. [Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-12-01

Large-scale ships such as VLCC are built at the Kure No.1 Works of IHI (Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industry). This paper introduces current status of mechanized and robotized welding at the works. For the sub-assembly with short weld length and horizontal fillet, simplified automatic welders are used in which mag-welding method using CO2 is adopted. The frequent wound welding of member ends can be automatically conducted using welders developed by IHI. In the large-scale assembly processes, remarkable rationalization and highly accurate assembly of flat plate welding have been promoted. Tankers, container ships, and bulk carriers can be treated at the same time. Teaching times of welding robots can be greatly reduced by a technique called parametric treatment. In the future, it is essential to enhance the accuracy of members by introducing the laser cutting during machining processes. Completely self-type mechanization is required as well as large-output laser welding and sensor technology. 3 refs., 12 figs., 2 tabs.

Education for hydraulics and pneumatics in Nihon University; Nihon Daigaku ni okeru yukuatsu kyoiku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ouchi, M. [Nihon Univ., Chiba (Japan). Coll. of Industrial Technology

2000-03-15

Described herein is education of hydraulics and pneumatics in Nihon University. Department of Mechanical Engineering of Faculty of Production Engineering has been holding up the educational aims of bringing up engineers and researchers who have ability and intelligence to cope with internationalization and contribute to society, and of bringing about creativity, among others. Control equipment is an optional subject for the sophomore class in the second semester, and is centered by mechatronics, including hydraulic and pneumatic control systems and equipment. The related subjects include fluid dynamics, control engineering, system controlling, hydraulic machines, robotics and automobile engineering. The drill course includes disassembling and assembling gear pumps, drills on pneumatic devices, system behavior and mechatronics, experiments on fan and hydraulic control circuits and on servo mechanisms, and machinery designs and drawings. Seminars are led by full-time or part-time lecturers for the themes related to hydraulic power. Many students are interested in hydraulic and pneumatic themes for their graduation theses, because of their relations with control, environments, energy saving and so on. We are now in the age of composite technologies, and hydraulic power basics are prerequisite for engineers, and important for education of students. (NEDO)

Consideration on extradosed prestressed concrete road bridge; Dorokyo ni okeru daihenshin PC keburu kyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ogawa, A.; Honma, A. [Japan Highway Public Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-03-31

The details of the investigation on the Odawara Blue Way Bridge for which extradosed type is employed are provided, and a report is made about the situation of the study on the future construction of the 2nd Tomei-Meishin Expressway. The extradosed PC bridge is considered to have intermediate structural characteristics of those of the conventional beam bridge and PC cable stayed bridge, and is expected to be applied to bridges having approximately from 100 to 200m span. The features of the extradosed PC bridge is outlined. Approximately 1/35 beam height on the intermediate support and 1/10 main tower height against the center span are considered to be proper. PC steel products can be used efficiently because stress fluctuation of diagonals and the load sharing rate of the diagonal member are less than those of the PC cable stayed bridge and safety factor similar to that of general internal cable can be adopted. Construction works for the main tower and the diagonal member are easy due to low height of the main tower, and the bridge is advantageous also in the maintenance control because no beam is required. 5 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

Development of large scale wind energy conservation system. Development of control techniques for assembly-type wind power generating systems; Ogata furyoku hatsuden system no kaihatsu. Shugogata furyoku hatsuden system no seigyo gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takita, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for development of control techniques for assembly-type wind power generating systems. The study on optimum system configuration produces 50 to 100kW wind power units for screening small-size wind power plant types, and, at the same time, surveys performance of commercial units and experiences of 9 makers capable of producing the above units. As a result, 3 MICON`s units (output: 100kW, active YAW control, monopole tower, maximum wind speed: 60m/s) are selected. The study on optimum operational techniques integrates 2 medium-size power units into a power line, showing a service factor of 30.2% on the annual average, monthly varying in a range from 11.8 to 45.0%. These units, installed in Miyako Island, were attacked by 3 typhoons of wind velocity of 25m/s or higher in 1994, and the only damage recorded is that of the anemoscope/anemometer. It is found that No.1 unit is located at a better geographical point than the No.2 unit, to produce a higher output. 3 figs., 3 tabs.

Formation of secondary products in water purification. ; Toxicological evaluation of mutagenic chlorination by-products during drinking water treatment. Josui shori ni okeru fukuseiseibutsu. ; Josui shori ni okeru hen'i genseibusshitsu no dokusei hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakamuro, K [Setsunan Univ., Osaka (Japan). Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sayato, Y [Setsunan Univ., Osaka (Japan)

1993-12-10

The biological effects of acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, etc. of chlorination by-products detected in drinking water in Japan are discussed. The biological effects of representative chlorination by-products such as trihalomethane, haloacetic acid, haloaldehyde, haloacetonitrile, chlorophenol, chloropicrin, etc. as well as the evaluation of mutagenicity in drinking water purification process, for which Ames Salmonella/microsome assay is used for safety evaluation of drinking water, are discussed. The extent of the contribution of mutagenicity of chlorination disinfection by-products to the mutagenicity of drinking water is investigated. It must be admitted that biological evaluation of the safety of water quality is impossible currently by using only the known chemical substances contained in drinking water. The effects of chlorination and ozone treatment which are often applied to drinking water treatment are different each other. 58 refs., 1 fig., 4 tabs.

Soft energy/seawater pumped-storage power plant in Okinawa; Sofuto energy/Okinawa kaisui yosui hatsuden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsutsui, S. [Univ. of Ryukyus, Okinawa (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1995-11-15

A demonstration seawater pumped-storage power plant which is the first one in the world is under construction in the northern area of Okinawa. The pumped-storage power generation is an electricity recycling system in which the surplus electricity during the night is utilized to pump up water to an upper reservoir to discharge water for power generation during the daytime when demand for electricity increases. It is scheduled that main civil engineering structures are constructed during the year of 1995 to be subjected to trial operation in the following year. Countermeasures to be taken for natural environmental protection during the plant construction are introduced. Countermeasures are devised for environment assessment, muddy water treatment, and prevention of seawater at the upper reservoir. Salinity in the atmosphere is to be measured during the construction work and the demonstration test to evaluate the effects of scattering of salt from the upper reservoir into the atmosphere on the vegetation in the peripheral area and the salt-resistance of vegetation. Sufficient consideration is given to the protection of the existing vegetation and coral, and to the protection of small living creatures. Participants in the construction work are requested to report, for the purpose of taking proper steps, sites, peripheral conditions, and others when precious animals are found. 9 figs., 1 tab.

Report on studies on closed cycle MHD power generation; Closed cycle MHD hatsuden kento hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-04-01

Summarized herein are results of the studies on closed cycle MHD (CCMHD) power generation by the study committee. The studied system is based on the MHD gas turbine combined Brayton cycle of about 500,000 kW in output power, firing natural gas as the fuel, and the conceptual design works therefor are completed. The major findings are: the overall plant efficiency: 54.2% at the power transmission side, plot area required per unit power output: 0.04 m{sup 2}/KW, unit construction cost: 251,000 yen/KW, and unit power generation cost: 10.2 yen/KWh. This system will be more operable than the gas turbine combined cycle with steam system, because start-up time, output change rate, optimum load and so on are constrained not on the power generator side but on the gas turbine side. The expected environmental effects include the exhaust gas NOX concentration being equivalent with that associated with the conventional power generator of 2-stage combustion system, quantity of combustion gases to be treated being approximately 40% of that associated with the gas turbine combined cycle, and reduced CO2 gas emissions, resulting from enhanced power generation efficiency. It is expected that the CCMHD system can exhibit higher efficiency than the high-temperature gas turbine combined cycle system. (NEDO)

Half century of wind power generation memoir. Part 1; Furyoku hatsuden hanseiki sono omoide. 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakata, H.

1995-12-01

This article may be deemed an autobiography of an individual on his development of wind power generation devices. The author began to be interested in electricity while he was a pupil of primary school and during his time of middle school student, when he walked against the strong wind on an embankment, he got an idea to utilize the wind power and succeeded to generate electricity with his handmade wind power generator using a bicycle generator. Afterwards he kept interested in devices utilizing the wind power, in 1973, energy saving was widely promoted due to the oil crises, and taking that opportunity, he established single-handedly a laboratory for development of utilization of the breeze power. Since his retirement from teaching profession in the spring of 1980, he has coped with earnestly the development of wind power generators. He acquired and installed various machine tools for metal works for generators and various machines for wood works for making propellers. In this article, wind power generators using bicycle generators (direct connection type and speed increasing type), small D.C. motors (motors for driving tape recorder, motors for automobile radiator and windshield wiper, etc.) and automobile generators (D.C. generators and alternators) are explained. 11 figs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program research and development of photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Research and development of production of low-cost monosilane); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (tei cost monosilane seizoho no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

A low-cost production method is developed for monosilane as a cell film material, 99.9995% pure at a manufacturing cost of 4,500 yen/kg (100 ton/year unit). An experimental unit with a maximum capacity of 1m{sup 3}/H (1 ton/month) gas production is built, and whether it is practical will be clarified by the end of fiscal 1983. The whole monosilane production process, consisting of the electrolysis of eutectic liquid of Li chloride and K chloride, hydrogenation of Li to be generated by the electrolysis, and the generation of monosilane through the reaction of the hydrogenated Li and silicon tetrachloride, proceeds in one large molten salt tub. The chlorine from the electrolysis and Si as material comes into reaction in a salination furnace for the generation of silicon tetrachloride to be supplied to the process. Minor tests are made involving pressure control, distance between the electrodes and the effect of the diaphragm, stirring in the hydrogenation chamber, dust in the monosilane generation chamber, and the insulation of the cathode lead rod, and the results are reflected on the process of experimental unit designing and building. The unit has harm neutralizing facilities for safety assurance because much hydrogen and a little chloride are consumed while the unit is in operation, with some silicon tetrachloride to be retained in the unit. An infrared absorption method is used to analyze impurities in the monosilane gas, when the method exhibits a capability of detecting 2ppm of methane. (NEDO)

FY 1993 report on the results of the technology development for the commercialization of the photovoltaic power system. Development of the solar cell use compound semiconductor production system - development of flight use testing machine; 1993 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyo denchiyo kagobutsu handotai seizo sochi kaihatsu (hikoyo shikenki no kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-03-01

For a new breakthrough of the technology of the photovoltaic power generation, the paper aims at developing a combined heating furnace, a focal heating furnace and a single heating furnace which are necessary to produce crystals of the substrate of compound semiconductors for high quality solar cell under the microgravity environment obtained in the space, and also the systems related to the functions indispensable to the operation of the above-mentioned furnaces. This report is Vol. 2/3, and described the mission operation in Chapter 7, repair of PFM battery in Chapter 8, mechanical system ground support equipment and maintenance/inspection in Chapter 9, and electrical system ground support equipment and maintenance/repair in Chapter 10. In Chapter 7, described were the arrangement of operation of electrical furnace, operation manual of electrical furnace, procedures for operation, database, training, rehearsal plan, etc. In Chapter 8, of the battery repair plan, the paper carried out the repair design/repair work of battery, and described the state where a test to accept the test specifications is possible. In Chapter 9, indicated were the documents for application and reference of the maintenance/inspection of MGSE. In Chapter 10, the paper reported on the repairs for adaptation for the maintenance and lunching work of EGSE. (NEDO)

Analysis and evaluation for practical application of photovoltaic power generation system. Analysis and evaluation for thin substrate polycrystalline solar cells (compound semiconductors and their fabrication technologies); Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka. Usumaku taiyo denchi jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka (kagobutsu taiyo denchi zairyo oyobi seisaku gijutsu no kaiseki hyoka)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oyagi, H; Okada, Y; Yamaguchi, H; Shiota, T; Kuroda, S; Igarashi, O; Tanino, H; Makita, Y; Yamada, A; Kimura, S; Ohara, A; Niki, S; Shibata, H; Fons, P [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for analysis and evaluation for thin-film compound semiconductor solar cells. The study on epitaxial growth and optical properties of the thin films of CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 evaluates the thin epitaxial films grown under various conditions, showing morphology of the defects at the interface of heteroepitaxial growth. These results are used to set the growth conditions under which a thin film of high luminescence by exciter recombination is produced. The study also gives information of luminescence transition in the vicinity of the band ends and of energy level between the bands. The study on structural analysis of the epitaxially grown thin films of CuInSe2 investigates dependence of lattice constants of the MBE-grown CIS layer on film thickness by the X-ray diffractometry based on the bond method. The study on epitaxial growth by the Se(CH3)2-halogen transfer method tests epitaxial growth of the single-crystalline Mo on a substrate of single-crystalline sapphire. 5 figs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1984 on New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization-entrusted projects - Sunshine Program. Development of photovoltaic power system practical application technologies (Research on the practical application of low-cost monosilane production technologies); 1984 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tei cost monosilane seizo gijutsu no jitsuyoka kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-03-01

Low-cost monosilane production technologies are studied for film formation on amorphous solar cells. In fiscal 1984, the monosilane generation system modified in the preceding fiscal year is subjected to an extended operation for stability test for improvement on the process. The purity of monosilane produced during the stability test operation is found to satisfy the target level, and this means that the system operates at high efficiency. As for electrolysis, important problems arise with detriment to the practical application of this method. Though a solution is found for each of the problems, yet the problem of how to prove their effect remains to be solved. As for technologies for monosilane purity evaluation, a CVD (chemical vapor deposition) proving furnace is built, and research is started as to how to perform purity estimation using the characteristics of silicon layers epitaxially grown on high-resistance silicon substrates. The monosilane is examined, and it is found that its has a spreading resistance of 1,000 ohm-cm against the 2,000 ohm-cm of monosilane available on the market. Since the characteristics determined in this way are greatly affected by the conditions set for CVD, it is necessary to make further efforts to enhance optimization. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of commercialization technology of the photovoltaic power system. International cooperation project (Collection of the information on the IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Program); 2000 nendo seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu kokusai jigyo kyoryoku (IEA taiyo reidanbo kyuto program ni kansuru joho shushu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

By sending specialists including mostly members of the IEA (International Energy Agency)/SHCP (Solar Heating and Cooling Program) to the Executive Committee Meeting of SHCP and the Task Specialist Meeting, information was collected, and the FY 2000 results were summarized. The mission of this implementing agreement by 2004 was to positively support the creation of the future environmentally sustainable by using solar design/technology to a high degree. For it, the following were to be carried out: development of solar technology including the cost reduction through the joint research with enterprises, construction of the international market, supply of the required information, quantification of the effectiveness of solar technology for the environment, tackling with the international standardization for expansion of the use in the building sector, promotion of solar technology utilization in developing countries, etc. In this fiscal year, finished were Task 19: Solar air/heat collecting system and Task 21: Natural lighting in buildings. Activities of Tasks 22-26, which started in the previous fiscal year, were continued. Activities of Tasks 27, 28 and 29 were newly started in this fiscal year. (NEDO)

Materials and joining technologies of commercial jet plane. Jet ryokyakuki ni okeru zairyo to setsugo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hira, H; Yoshino, Y [Kawasaki Heavy Industries,Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1993-12-05

The present report explained light weight and high strength materials which are strong against the corrosion and fatigue, and economical. Also explained were their joining technologies for the commercial jet plane production. Resin composites are acceleratedly used as light weight and high strength materials. Fiber to be used is heightened in strength by replacing the glassfiber by the hybrid and carbon fiber. As measures against the drop in both strength around the drilled holes, and compressive strength due to the separation between layers and dehumidification, which drop is a defect generated in the composite, improving measures are taken such as enlargement of allowable strain by carbon fiber of a medium elastic modulus, use of resin base hardly degraded by the dehumidification and diffusion of high toughness resin. Metallic materials are also heightened in characteristics. For the joining technologies, measures are progressively taken against the strength damage around the drilled holes and electric corrosion by fasteners in the composite. Also for the tightening of metallic materials, the fatigue strength is designed to be heightened by the introduction of compressive residual stress. Both thermal degradation and stress in the hardening process must be taken into consideration for the structure use adhesives which are mainly of an epoxy system. The corrosion control is indispensable at the time of etching for the metallic adhesion. The welding was also explained. 16 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.

Subjects of the energy industry under yen appreciation; Endakaka ni okeru energy sangyo no kadai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-07-01

This paper studied effects of yen appreciation on the Japanese economy and changes in energy demand when assuming the medium-term yen appreciation trend, and subjects in the energy industry. The paper also refers to the trend of the Asian material industry largely influencing the energy supply/demand, the risk hedge problem of the exchange, and international cooperation and business development of the energy industry. The energy industry is extremely high in public interest and is rice of the industry. Therefore, the development of the business has focused on the domestic market. However, such a recognition is forced to be changed by waves of the worldwide deregulation. Discussions on foreign/domestic price differences caused by high yen and a series of deregulation policy in the energy industry affected thereby may be concrete signs. The subject in the energy industry under the yen appreciation is that the energy industry will be close to common sense in general industrial circles and change to an industry which is strong and internationally competitive enough to brave the exchange variation. 101 refs., 104 figs., 31 tabs.

Effect of fluid-filled boreholes on resistivity tomography; Hiteiko tomography ni okeru konaisui no eikyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugimoto, Y [DIA Consultants Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-22

Theoretical discussions were given on the effect of fluid-filled boreholes on resistivity tomography. The discussions performed incorporation of earth resistance as a method to consider borehole diameters in an FEM calculation using wire elements. The numerical experiment conducted a simulation on the following two objects: resistivity tomography in a horizontal multi-layer structure consisted of layers with resistivity ranging from 10 to 10000 ohm-m, and a model with a slanted low resistivity band existing in a background of 5000 ohm-m. As a result of the discussions, it was made clear that the effect of the boreholes can be corrected by giving earth resistance between the wire elements and natural ground. An improved potential calculating program indicated that the effect of the fluid-filled boreholes in the resistivity tomography generates false images with high resistivity along the bores if the resistivity has high contrast. Incorporating the wire elements into an inverse analysis model reduces the false images and improves the accuracy. 1 ref., 12 figs.

Rear impact whiplash neck injury reduction technology; Jidosha komen shototsu ni okeru muchiuchisho teigen gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Watanabe, Y.; Ichikawa, H.; Kayama, O. [Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1999-11-01

Even though whiplash neck injuries suffered in low-speed rear impacts are one of the major concern in traffic accidents, the mechanism of the injuries is not fully understood at present. Hence, the countermeasures have not been clear, yet. The bio-mechanical research was done to understand the injuries and three different modes of occupant's motion related to the mechanism were found. Based on this research, Nissan Active Head Restraint has been developed to reduce whiplash neck injuries in low-speed rear impacts. (author)

Alternative disinfection technology for water purification systems; Josui shori ni okeru enso daitai shodoku gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aizawa, T. [The Institute of Public Health, Tokyo (Japan)

1998-09-10

This paper describes chlorination substituting disinfection technologies used in water purification systems. Chloramine treatment is regarded as effective in reducing trihalomethane (THM). Chlorine is injected in the initial stage in the form of free chlorine to disinfect pathogenic microorganisms in a short time, which is then added with ammonia to convert it into chloramine for further utilization. Chlorine dioxide has not been used in Japan, but introduced in Europe and America to treat THM. Ozone has the strongest oxidizing power, and is used for disinfection, virus inactivation, decomposition of THM precursors, and removal of fungus odor. The ozone treatment will produce aldehyde if an organic matter is present, but aldehyde can be removed by treatment using organismic activated carbon. Ultraviolet ray treatment has an advantage of being difficult of producing byproducts. This system was experimentally compared with free chlorine treatment on disinfection effect, mutagenicity, suppression of producing THM byproducts, and odor removal. In order to assure reliability of microorganismic and chemical safety in tap water supply systems, assurance by considering the entire system is important, not only by operating the disinfection units, but also combining such physical water purifying technologies as coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and membrane treatment. The use of chlorine substituting disinfectants is also a part of the conception. 6 refs., 8 figs., 5 tabs.

Study on the time-domain electromagnetic responses; TDEM ho ni okeru denji oto ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Noguchi, K; Endo, M [Waseda University, Tokyo (Japan). School of Science and Engineering

1997-05-27

With an objective to perform three-dimensional analysis with high accuracy in using the electromagnetic exploration method, characteristics in electromagnetic response were analyzed, and conditions for acquiring necessary data were discussed. The discussion defined a parameter called `response anomaly` which uses response from media to standardize response only from substances with abnormal resistivity. The receivers were located uniformly on the same plane, and the response anomaly was derived from electromagnetic response from each of the three horizontal and vertical components at each receiving point, which was expressed as a contour map. The parameter for the abnormal body was consisted of location and resistivity contrast with media. Discussions using the contour map were given on the response when these factors for the parameter were varied. As a result, it was found that the response anomaly appears in the form that reflects the abnormal body, and the response anomaly of the horizontal component is superior in terms of being large. It was also referred that, as a requirement for the abnormal body which gives larger impact from the electromagnetic response, the abnormal body should have lower resistivity than that in the media, and resistivity contrast with the media should be greater. 2 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

Industrialization, urbanization and demographic change in England; Igirisu ni okeru kogyoka toshika to jinko mondai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yasumoto, M. [Komazawa University, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Economics

1994-12-15

In order to study the effects of progress in industrialization and urbanization on societies and economy, analyses were performed on the northern England in the period of the Industrial Revolution. The rapid expansion of the city of Leeds in the 1780`s and on had brought about the increase in employment opportunities in the suburban farming villages, as well as drop in matrimonial age in agricultural and coal mine workers, and the rapid population increase. Housing conditions for those workers who had flown into the city from agricultural villages in a large number were of very poor quality, and their living standard was low. More than half of the patients visiting the charity hospital in Leeds City came from the urban area, with industrial accidents such as injuries in young workers noticed remarkably high. Many women were included in them, from which the progress in mechanization of the textile industry in Leeds and its surrounding areas can well be imagined. The attributes of households, families, and population were divided into diverse structures and hierarchies, according to the residential construction form and work income earner rates in family constituting members were also various. The development urbanization and industrialization had given diversified effects on households, families, population, and life cycles in city dwellers through changes in housing environments. 2 refs., 1 fig., 7 tabs.

Survey of Joint Implementation activities in China; Chugoku ni okeru kyodo jisshi katsudo kanren chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

It is a large task for Japan to positively promote the Joint Implementation activities related to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Rapid increase in the emission of greenhouse-effect gases, especially CO2, is predicted in China with remarkable economic growth and population of 1.2 billion. It is essential to promote the Joint Implementation activities in China. In this survey, framework, organization, problems and tasks were investigated to effectively promote the Joint Implementation activities in China. Construction of framework for the real Joint Implementation activities has been proposed. Current problems for promoting the Joint Implementation activities in China are that the distinct guideline for the Joint Implementation is not established in the government, that the receiving system including receiving, planning and arranging sections is not established, and that the burden problems for the costs of project evaluation, data acquisition, monitoring, and verification are not solved. 5 refs., 21 figs., 6 tabs.

Characteristics of microtremors in Hanshin area; Hanshin chiiki ni okeru bido no kihon tokusei nitsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suzuki, H; Suzuki, K; Yamanaka, H; Seo, K [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-01

To increase general understandings of fundamental characteristics of microtremors in Hanshin area, microtremors have been observed at Sumiyoshi River-side, Rokko Island, and Nishinomiya. Relations were discussed among the stability of predominant period, successive fluctuation and meteorological conditions. For the analysis, cosine-type taper was conducted before and after 10% of the observed records, and Fourier spectrum was calculated by smoothing using Parzen window with a band width 0.3 Hz. Geometrical mean of two components was used as a horizontal component. At the observation points except Sumiyoshi River-side, predominance in the short period side was not distinct, and was not stable due to the successive fluctuation of predominant period. However, there was less successive fluctuation of spectrum ratio between different two points in the band with period more than 1 sec. Since there was a close correlation between the successive fluctuation in this band and the wind velocity or air pressure, the microtremors in this band was affected by a single vibration source. Ground characteristics could be illustrated by the averages of ratio against base points of moving observation. 14 refs.

Array TDEM survey at the Yufuin fault; Yufuin danso ni okeru array shiki TDEM tansa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mogi, T [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Tanaka, Y; Fukuda, Y [Kyoto University, Kyoto (Japan). Faculty of Science; Jomori, N [Chiba Electric Research Institute Co., Chiba (Japan)

1996-10-01

The array arrangement of receivers was studied to improve the resolution of LOTEM (long offset transient electromagnetics) survey. To eliminate the effect of underground structure from a source to a receiving point, continuous array arrangement from a source site is desirable. The survey at the Yufuin fault was carried out by arranging TEM receivers at intervals of 100m from the source. Since the synchronization between transmitting and receiving points by high-precision clock is essential, an amplifier for a flux gate magnetometer capable of measuring at four points at the same time was used. In the south plateau of the Yufuin basin, a relatively high resistivity stratum more than several tens ohm m exists at depth less than several hundreds meter, and a low resistivity stratum less than 10 ohm m exists under that. Those boundary depth increases toward the north up to 950m, and the depth subsequently decreases toward the north until the low resistivity stratum disappears. In addition, the uniform stratum of 1000m deep continues toward the north. Such precise resistivity structure around the fault was obtained by dense arrangement of measuring points. 4 refs., 7 figs.

Natural disasters in the Shikoku district. 1. ; Landslide. Shikoku ni okeru shizen saigai. 1. ; Chisuberi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yatabe, R [Ehime Univ., Ehime (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1991-09-25

There are more than ten thousand places in Japan which are in danger of landsliding, and they are mostly distributed in Hokuriku and Shikoku districts. Shikoku is a district which suffers many typhoon disasters, and the rate of ground disasters among the typhoon disasters has been getting higher in recent years. Reports are made on the general characteristics and soil mechanical properties of fractured zone landslides, which are the majority of landslides occurred in the Shikoku district. Most of the landslides in the Shikoku district occurred in Sanbagawa zone, south of the central tectonic line, and little landslides occurred in the granite zone in the Inland Sea area. Although rocks in landslided areas are fractured, little progress is observed for clay formation. The scales of the landslides are from several tens of meters to over 1km, with the average of about 20m, in length and from 200 to 300m in width. Although some of them have the depth of more than 50m, the average is about 20m. Descriptions are made on the relationship between the movement of landslide and rainfall, strength constants of cohesive soil in the slid strata, and the variance in the dynamic constants of cohesive soil in the slid strata. 6 refs., 9 figs.

Crew training on FMPT and IML-2 mission; FMPT/IML-2 ni okeru tojoin kunren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishikawa, T.; Takahashi, S. [National Space Development Agency of Japan, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-03-05

This paper introduces a summary of astronaut trainings on FMPT (first material experiment)/IML-2 (second international micro gravity laboratory). The trainings are divided into a training to board on a space shuttle (MIT for mission independent training) and a training to bring the mission to success (MDT for mission dependent training). The paper describes devices used in the training conducted in the FMPT/IML-2. The training using devices equivalent to those used in the flight includes attachment and removal of cartridge for an electric oven, melting samples in an image furnace, affixing electrodes for detecting signals from living organisms, microscopic photographing of cell cultivation experiments, and hormone injection into newts. The training equipment that simulates functions consists mainly of a simulator that only simulates movements and indications. Simulations were also carried out on an electric migration device and an incubator. The training equipment that simulates shapes include an image oven, a refrigerator, and light sensitive plate for radiation measurement. The experiment operation procedure manual and the time line may be referred to as those that reflect results of the training. 2 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.

Welding mechanization in shipyard CIM; Zosen ni okeru yosetsu no jidoka robot ka CIM ka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyazaki, T. [Hitachi Zosen Corp., Osaka (Japan)

1997-12-01

This paper explains development and examples of application of automated welding devices from a viewpoint of an element technology constituting computer integrated manufacturing (CIM), based on the history of modernization of shipyards that has been achieved to date. In the first step of promoting the modernization, elevating cutting accuracy in the uppermost stream process was thought a starting point of rationalization. What have been achieved therefrom are adoption of the most advanced NC plasma cutting machine, and improvement in the computer aided system for the cutting machines. In addition, a twenty-electrode line welder has been developed, which does not create angle deformation in welding longerons, and can be operated even by unskilled workers. The welder has successfully realized a construction method in which robots can be applied more easily. Further developments have been made on a robot to weld cells, advanced CAD/CAM operation techniques which are linked with data from design, an automatic one-side welding device which can achieve a speed 2.5 times greater than by conventional devices, and an automation device for three-dimensionally bent blocks, whose automation has been regarded difficult. 11 figs., 1 tab.

Recent trend in construction materials field. Kenzai bun[prime]ya ni okeru saikin no doko

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tominaga, M [Kawasaki Steel Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1992-09-01

The Japanese construction industry, the construction market and the technical trend of construction materials made by Kawasaki Steel Group were described. The roles of the steel industry in the construction material market are to increase the ratio of steel used in construction, to manufacture steel products of high value added and to develop new applications. Appearance and good design are required to provide for the construction materials made of processed steel in addition to the necessary functions. In the construction material market, qualitative changes in needs are taking place, such as labor saving shortening of construction period and simplification of construction management. Kawasaki Steel Group intends to expand the integrated business such as system building, external wall materials for buildings made of metals, highly corrosion resistant stainless steel for metallic roof field, and roof materials of the heat insulation, good appearance and horizontally covering type based on the overall business strategy. In addition, Kawasaki Steel Group is expanding the Kawasaki Design Steel Plaza and its construction material research laboratory to cope with the trend of diversified functions and design of construction goods and of making kinds of construction material much more and to develop more rational construction techniques. 1 ref., 8 figs.

Modern techniques in prestressed concrete cable-stayed bridges. Puresutoresuto concrete shachokyo ni okeru atarashii gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyamoto, A. (Kobe Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Engineering)

1994-03-31

Because the prestressed concrete (PC) cable-stayed bridges combine the distinctive features such as a rationality of the structure or a structural beauty, it will not stay on a development of the technologies to make them longer and larger, and a rationalization of the execution, an investigation from various aspects such as the scenery design, material selection, pursuit of new structure and so forth will become necessary. In a main meeting, 15 volumes of paper on the most advanced technologies of PC cable-stayed bridges were presented. The presentations from Japan were 11 volumes, and occupied about 70%, and therefore a high interest to the PC cable-stayed bridges in Japan was inferred. In the presentation from Japan, there were many relevancies of the important study themes which would become a foundation for a development of PC cable-stayed bridges in the future, like ones that an improvement effect of dynamic behavior such as the aseismatic property, wind endurance and so forth was made as an objective, ones that a safety evaluation at an ultimate state as the oblique member anchoring part, main tower or entire structure was related, ones that a construction of the various control systems when the cable-stayed bridges were executed was concerned and so forth. 23 figs., 1 tab.

Natural gas distribution system for Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysia ni okeru toshi gas jigyo no sosetsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ohashi, T [Tokyo Gas Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1993-03-30

Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. established in 1992 Gas Malaysia Sdn. Bhd, a joint venture company with investments from the Malaysia side, and begun full-fledged activities for supplying natural gas in Peninsular Malaysia. This paper explains the summary of the project. With a background of affluent resources including natural gas reserve of 1.9 trillion m[sup 3] as of 1992, Malaysia is promoting various projects to diversify and refine local energy consumption patterns and improve petroleum exporting capacity. The said joint venture project is one of the international bids executed by the national petroleum company, Petronas, in which Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. and Mitsui and Co., Ltd. were selected as their partner. The company business includes supply and sales of petroleum, as well as construction of pipelines to support the former activities. Engineers have been either stationed or sent to the country as technical cooperation including necessary technical transfer. This project is highly significant in terms of contributing to growth of economy in both countries and to solving global environmental problems. 6 figs.

Fiscal 2000 survey report. Refuse-fueled power generation introduction technology, etc. Part 2. Survey of general refuse-fueled power generation; 2000 nendo chosa hokokusho. Haikibutsu hatsuden donyu gijutsu chosa to - Ippan haikibutsu hatsuden chosa Part 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Surveys were conducted of the effect on waste quality of the Law for Promotion of Sorted Collection and Recycling of Containers and Packaging, diffusion of PFI (private finance initiative) involving refuse-fueled power generation, recycling of slag, etc. Questionnairing was conducted for the survey of the effect on waste of the effectuation of the recycling law, size of population supplying the waste and the amount actually incinerated, actually measured data of the composition of incinerated waste, assorted collection programs, amount reducing measures, and the like. Studies were made as to if the empirical formulas applied in the survey of the preceding fiscal year would remain applicable after the coming into force of the recycling law. In the survey of PFI popularization, it was found that the rate it was taken into account for concrete projects was so low as 13.8% though most of the autonomous bodies had cognizance of PFI. It was requested that it be clearly stipulated that 'the conventional subsidies and grants apply also to PFI projects.' In the survey of conversion of residue into molten slag in refuse-fueled power generation and its reuse, four kinds of slag specimens were examined for physical properties, elution, and analyzed for ingredients, and then it was found that they posed no problems like heavy metal elution. (NEDO)

Catalytic technology in the energy/environment field. Utilization of catalyst in coal pyrolysis and gasification processes; Energy kankyo bun`ya ni okeru shokubai gijutsu. Sekitan no netsubunkai oyobi gas ka ni okeru shokubai no riyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Otsuka, Y. [Tohoku University, Institute for Chemical Reaction Science (Japan)

1998-05-20

This review article focuses on the utilization of several catalysts during coal pyrolysis and gasification. In situ or off line catalytic upgrading of volatile matters during pyrolysis of low rank coals is carried out in pressurized H2 with different reactors to produce BTX (benzene, toluene and xylene). When NiSO4 and Ni(OH)2 are used in the hydropyrolysis of Australian brown coal using an entrained bed reactor with two separated reaction zones, BTX yield reaches 18-23%. MS-13X zeolite and USY zeolite mixed with Al2O3 are effective for producing BTX with powder-particle fluidized bed and two-stage reactors, respectively. Catalytic gasification is described from a standpoint of direct production of SNG(CH4) from coal and steam. When K2CO3 and Ni are compared for this purpose, Ni catalyst is more suitable at low temperatures of 500-600degC, where CH4 formation is thermodynamically favorable. Fe and Ca catalysts can successfully be prepared from inexpensive raw materials and are rather active for steam gasification at {>=}700degC. The use of upgrading and gasification catalysts is discussed in terms of preparation, performance, life and recovery. 27 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

Molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system. Yoyu tansan prime en gata nenryo denchi hatsuden sochi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Uematsu, K; Hatori, S [Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1991-11-01

In an indirect internal reforming type molten carbonate fuel cell, the reforming temperature is limited less than the operating temperature of the fuel cell, as the heat source for reforming is depended on the reaction heat at about 650 {degree} C of the fuel cell. To improve the reforming rate at the low temperature range, it is considered to increase S/C (ratio of steam to carbon), but this scheme will cause such problems as to increase the voltage drop of the anode, to drop the heat recovery ratio on the cogenerator, to increase the capacity of the heat exchanger, etc. In this invention, in the power generating plant of a molten carbonate fuel cell the inert gas is added to the reforming raw gas, and in addition to the above the gas is mixed with steam and led into the reforming chamber of the plant. When the inert gas which is not directly concerned in the reforming reaction is added to, total mol number increases and the reforming reaction is acceralated. Consequently, the reforming rate can be raised, though the reforming temperature is low. 2 figs.

Performance analysis in Japanese field test program; Field test data kara no chiiki hatsuden kaiseki hoho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugiyama, H.; Kurokawa, K.; Uchida, D. [Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo (Japan); Otani, K.; Sakuta, K.; Tsuda, I. [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan); Oshiro, T.; Sakamoto, K. [Japan Quality Assurance Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Power generation characteristics are investigated using data collected in photovoltaic power generation field tests being undertaken by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization). The photovoltaic power generation system performance is evaluated by examining loss factors leading to degradation in system performance, with weather conditions such as variation in insolation and air temperature, inverter performance, and shadows cast by surrounding buildings taken into consideration. As the result, it is found that the important loss factors are degradation in module performance due to elevated temperature, drift in the maximum output control, degraded inverter performance due to input power variation, effect of shadows, etc. It is learned that system is greatly affected by degradation in module performance due to increased temperature in summer and by shadows in winter, the two being responsible for the output coefficient dropping to approximately 75% throughout the year. The output coefficient frequency distribution charts for the 75 test sites confirm that the rate is as low as 70-80% at many sites. As for the system operating time, it tends to be longer in West Japan where the annual insolation rate is higher. 3 refs., 10 figs.

FY 1999 achievement report on the supporting project to form energy/environmental technology verification project - International joint verification research project. Research on the waste-fueled power system using gases emitted from the sanitary landfill in Samarkand city; 1999 nendo Samarkand shi ni okeru umetate gas wo riyoshita gomi hatsuden system no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

In Samarkand city, Uzbekistan, solid waste materials are treated in the sanitary landfill. However, requests were made from the Minister of Communal Services for the construction of power system as a part of the effective waste utilization and the study of the integrated waste collection system enabling the construction of a power system. There is only one waste dumping site in Samarkand city. That started to be used in the beginning of the 1970s. That was planned to be closed in 2000, but is now planned to used till 2005. Therefore, it is urgent to reduce the volume of waste. The incineration of waste is the most suitable for it. In the study of a power system by using waste effectively, it is important to efficiently recover the methane gas emitted from the waste dumping site, to study the adoption of the repowering system using the combustion gas of methane gas for increasing the generated output of waste-fueled power generation facilities, and to heighten the low power generation efficiency. This study includes the survey of the waste discharge amount/composition/heating value, collection of the data on waste collection, and sampling/analysis of gases emitted from the dumping site. The paper reported on the proposals. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1997. Technological development for practical application of a solar energy power generation system (development of technology to manufacture thin film solar cells (surveys and researches on analyzing practical application )). Volume 1; 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

It is intended to identify and analyze quickly and accurately the technological trends inside and outside the country on thin film solar cells, to reflect the results effectively on research and development of practical application of the thin film solar cells for power use, and to aid the research on practical application of the technology to manufacture the thin film solar cells. This fiscal year introduced the new project of researching and developing the poly-crystal silicon-based thin film solar cells. Discussions were given on designing the solar cells, including setting of thickness of an active layer required to improve efficiency of the silicon-based thin film solar cells, the light confining technology, and surface passivation. Comparisons and discussions were given on the new amorphous/poly-crystal silicon thin film manufacturing method and the conventional plasma CVD process. A research development program was introduced for a super laboratory to aid establishing the practical application technology for the silicon-based thin film solar cells. Chalcopyrite compounds including CuInSe2, and CdTe have not shown deterioration even in a long-term outdoor exposure test, hence they are noted as materials for high-efficiency solar cells and studied actively. Although still small in area, the net conversion efficiency was found in the order of 17%. Technological development has started to search mass production processes and commercialization possibility in the future. (NEDO)

Analysis and evaluation for practical application of photovoltaic power generation system. Analysis and evaluation for development of extra-high efficiency solar cells (fundamental research on extra-high efficiency Si solar cells); Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka. Chokokoritsu taiyo denchi no gijutsu kaihatsu no tame no kaiseki hyoka (chokokoritsu silicon taiyo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sekikawa, T; Suzuki, E; Ishikawa, K; Takato, H; Yui, N; Shimokawa, R [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for analysis and evaluation for development of extra-high efficiency silicon solar cells. It is necessary for development of extra-high efficiency Si solar cells to extend as far as possible service life of minority carriers and to develop the evaluation techniques. Noting photoluminescence (PL) observable even with Si, the method of evaluating characteristics of minority carriers, which are not limited in samples, is developed to experimentally determine their service life from transitional response of the PL characteristics. Si has an extremely low quantum effect, because it is an indirect transitional semiconductor, and needs measurement of very high sensitivity. A rapid heat annealing apparatus and others to generate carriers in the infrared and ultraviolet regions are provided in consideration that these are possible means to increase efficiency. These possibilities will be pursued by developing the annealing techniques. 1 fig.

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of solar cell evaluation system (Survey of research and development of solar cell evaluation system); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyo denchi hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu (taiyo denchi hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The fiscal 1999 results of survey and research conducted for the establishment of solar cell performance evaluation and reliability evaluation methods are reported. In the development of a super high fidelity (broad spectrum) solar simulator for cell evaluation, a prototype was tested for performance evaluation, and initially set values were achieved. In the development of a large-area module evaluation technology, the radiation area was increased to be 1.0m times 1.0m large. Outdoor exposure tests continued at 5 sites in Japan, 3 sites in Australia, and 1 site in Oman, and analyses and databasing were carried out for the outputs of various types of solar cell modules. As for the problem of coloring of fillers which are module constituents, coloring in the U.S. was attributed to high temperature and intensive insolation, and in Austria to an oxidation inhibitor. In the development of a photo-accelerated degradation testing method for Si-based solar cells, application of the cycled illumination test was found feasible. In this test method, an amorphous silicon solar cell retains 70% of the initial Pmax value even after the passage of a period equivalent to 30 years. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1980-1987 Sunshine Program achievement reports. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system (Verification of experimental low cost silicon refining - Overview: Development of technology for chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process); 1980-1987 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tei cost silicon jijkken seisei kensho sokatsuban (chlorosilane no suiso kangen kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1988-11-01

The chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction technology development period may be divided into the first phase (fiscal 1980-1985) and the second phase (fiscal 1986-1988). During the former phase, efforts were exerted to develop a small experimental device (10 tons/year class) and technologies to operate the same. Important challenges were to cause reaction to occur only on the seed grains in the reactor and to create a proper material for the reactor tube. In the latter phase, element technologies were developed, indispensable for the development of a practical reactor. Endeavors exerted to solve these challenges were the development of a high-strength large-diameter reactor tube, the development of an SiC-CVD (chemical vapor deposition) coating technology, and the development of a technology to join parts to the ceramic-made reactor tube. After eight years' striving, a fluidized bed reactor has been successfully constructed, capable of continuously reducing trichlorosilane by hydrogen. The success promises stable production and supply of polycrystalline silicon. The SOG (spun on glass)-Si produced by the reactor is pure enough to serve the purpose of photovoltaics, and its unit cost has been lowered as initially intended. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1984 on Sunshine Program-entrusted research and development. Research and development of photovoltaic power system (Research and development of amorphous solar cells - Research on defect density in amorphous silicon); 1984 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (amorphous silicon no kekkan mitsudo no kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-03-01

For the development of high-efficiency, large-area, long-life, and low-cost solar cells, research is conducted on new methods of film formation and defect evaluation. Concerning the kinetics of Si thin film, a radical beam deposition method is proposed as a new low-temperature thin film growth method. Using the new method, a {mu}c-Si film is manufactured, through only a purely radical substrate surface reaction of chemically active, electrically neutral excited species. In research on the amorphous semiconductor superlattice, a new study is conducted on a multilayer, cyclic-structure superlattice consisting of thin films of a-Si:H and a-Si{sub 1-x}N{sub x}:H. In the research on an a-Si:H film formed by the direct photo-CVD (chemical vapor deposition) of disilane, the unit is improved and B and P are successfully doped by means of decompressed photo-CVD. In the evaluation of new materials for solar cells, research is conducted on the after-annealing characteristics of a-Si:H grown at a high speed, electrical characteristics of post-hydrogenated low boron-doped CVD a-Si, and microcrystalline SiGe alloys made by the spattering plasma CVD method. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program research and development of photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Research and development of technologies for enlarging amorphous solar cell area); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (amorphous taiyo denchi no daimensekika gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

In the basic studies of large-area a-Si film formation technologies, the validity is discussed of the evaluation technique using plasma optical emissions spectrometry (OES) employed for the achievement of the intended film qualities. The film forming condition that exerts the greatest influence on the plasma state relative to OES is the power of discharge, and correlations are found to exist between specific emission intensity, infrared absorption level, and photoconductivity of the film. It is found that a P- or B-doped Si:H/SiC:H film is suitable as the material for the window layer on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell. Materials are studied for the i-layer responsible for photo carrier generation, isolation, and acceleration. Studies are also conducted on fluorine-containing film. In the efforts at designing and building solar cells, ITO (indium-tin oxide)/n-i-p/SS (reversed type) cells are analyzed, designing is carried out for transparent electrode film thickness optimization, window effect in stainless substrate cells is improved, glass substrate cells are experimentally built and analyzed, large-area solar cell properties are improved, interaction between the substrate and a-Si is studied, and reliability tests are conducted. For cost reduction, it is necessary to develop technologies of automated production of simplified-structure modules using low-cost materials. Basic matters are taken up for discussion. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for fiscal 2000. Development of photovoltaic power system commercialization technology (Research and development of solar cell evaluation system - Survey of research and development of solar cell evaluation system); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu - Taiyodenchi hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu - Taiyodenchi hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Surveys and studies were conducted for establishing methods for evaluating solar cell performance and reliability. In the effort to develop basic technologies for the comprehensive evaluation of the performance of various types of solar cells and modules, an ultrahigh matching solar simulator and a large area solar simulator were built. The long-term exposure tests of solar cell modules kept on at 5 sites in Japan, 3 sites in Australia, and 1 site in Oman, and the databasing of the test data was planned. In the long-term evaluation of solar cell durability, investigations centered about module deterioration, where abnormal heat generation was observed, cause of increased resistance was inspected, and separation between the cell and the filler was examined. In the development of an accelerated photodegradation test method, it was found that the result of a light-dark cycle test with the ambient temperature varied agreed excellently with the results of outdoor exposure tests. It was consequently proved that the light-dark cycle test was a very promising candidate for an accelerated photodegradation test for a-Si solar cells. (NEDO)

Efficiency increase in solar-pumped Nd:YAG laser with a nonimaging concentrator; Taiyoko reiki Nd:YAG laser no kokoritsuka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arashi, H.; Cooke, D.; Naito, H.; Katagiri, T. [Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1994-12-08

A solar pumped laser is reported, and the effect of the use of a CPC concentrator is experimentally investigated. In the experiment, a CPC corresponding to a 4 mm diameter 10 cm length laser rod is fabricated, and for collection of solar light a heliostat and a 10 m diameter, 3.2 m focal length parabolic mirror is employed. The experiment is performed in a time zone where energy of direct solar light is constant, i.e., at about 660 W/m{sup 2} and the maximum allowable angle of the CPC is at 53 degrees. Energy sent from the parabolic mirror is estimated to be 10.4 kW in total and is entirely collected on a 4 cm diameter focal flat plane. The utility of the energy is 0.13 % without the use of the CPC while being 0.46 with use of the CPC, and effective energy for use in the pumping is estimated to be 190 W, 670 W. As a result of the experiment, a laser output upon the use of the CPC is increased by 5 times, i.e., up to 10 W compared with 2 W without the use of the CPC. 2 figs., 1 tab.

Advanced technology trend survey of micromachines in Europe; Oshu ni okeru micromachine sentan gijutsu doko chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-02-01

In this research survey, the development trend of micromachine technology in Europe was surveyed, development level of micromachine technology of European companies was grasped, and practical application fields of their target were investigated. Technology development level of private companies in Japan`s national projects and practical application fields of Japan`s target were arranged. Trends of micromachine technology development are compared between Japanese companies and European companies. Among micromachine technology development projects in Europe, ``8520 MUST`` is a part of the ESPRIT Project. About 40,000 companies among about 170,000 companies in whole Europe are relating to the MUST Project. The main fields include the manufacturing technology, process control of machines, technology of safety, sensor technology in environmental fields, and automotive technology. The marketing fields of application include the automobile, military technology, home automation, industrial process, medical technology, environmental technology, and games. The results can be compared with the direction of research and development in Japan. 22 figs., 8 tabs.

Autosolvent effect of bitumen in thermal cracking; Netsubunkai hanno ni okeru bitumen no jiko yobai koka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mikuni, M.; Sato, M.; Hattori, H. [Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan). Center for Advanced Research of Energy Technology; Nagaishi, H.; Sasaki, M.; Yoshida, T. [Hokkaido National Industrial Research Institute, Sapporo (Japan)

1996-10-28

Tar sand bitumen is petroleum-based ultra-heavy oil, and has a great amount of reserve like coal. However, there are still a lot of problems for its highly effective utilization. This paper discusses whether the light components in bitumen show independent behavior during the thermal cracking of heavy components, or not. Solvent effect and reaction mechanism during the thermal cracking are also derived from the change of their chemical structures. Athabasca tar sand bitumen was separated into light and heavy fractions by vacuum distillation based on D-1660 of ASTM. Mixtures of the both fractions at various ratios were used as samples. Negative effect of the light fraction on cracking of the heavy fraction was observed with dealkylation and paraffin formation Polymerization of the dealkylated light fraction to the heavy fraction was suggested due to lack of hydrogen in the thermal cracking under nitrogen atmosphere, which resulted in the formation of polymer. 3 refs., 6 figs.

Human physiology and psychology in space flight; Uchu hiko ni okeru ningen no seiri to shinri

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murai, T. [National Space Development Agency of Japan, Tokyo (Japan)

1999-10-05

Human beings' adaptation to space and the effects on them of a prolonged stay in space are discussed. Some effects may be detrimental to crewmen even when they are medically judged as 'normal' and 'adaptable.' Bone deliming, muscular atrophy, and hypodynamia may be physiologically 'normal' and 'adaptable' in the zero-gravity environment where no strength is required to hold a position or attitude, and they will not cause any serious problems if crewmen are to stay in the zero-gravity environment permanently. Astronauts work on conditions that they return to the earth, however, and they have to stand on their own legs when back on the ground. Such being the case, they in the space vehicle are forced to make efforts at having their bone density and muscular strength sustained. It is inevitable for a space station to be a closed, isolated system, and the crewmen have to live in multinational, multicultural, and multilingual circumstances in case the flight is an international project. They will be exposed to great social and psychological stresses, and their adaptability to such stresses presents an important task. (NEDO)

Subsurface displacement of the Tachikawa fault; Tachikawa danso no chika shinbu ni okeru danso hen`i

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamaguchi, K; Kano, N; Kiguchi, T; Tanaka, A [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Sato, H [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Earthquake Research Institute

1997-10-22

Seismic exploration using the reflection method was carried out at the central section of the Tachikawa fault located in the western part of the Musashino high plain spreading over Tokyo and Saitama Prefectures. The course of traverse was set on a road running in the east to west direction, which crosses the running direction of the Tachikawa fault in Sunagawa, Tachikawa City by about 65 degrees. The area near the course of traverse is a terraced alluvial fan, with the nature of its surface soil consisted of a gravelly bed of the Quaternary period. In order to identify the fault structure in detail, the focal point interval was set to 5 m, being half of the vibration receiving point interval of 10 m. The CMP was defined at a 2.5-m interval rather than a 5-m interval. The S/N ratio of the derived data was found not good. This is because of scattering of seismic energy into the gravelly bed with a thickness of about 100m in the shallow portion and because of noise from passing vehicles. The data processing was applied with correlation, geometry, static correction, velocity analysis and CMP polymerization to have prepared a preliminary CMP polymerization time cross section. As a result, it was elucidated that the Tachikawa fault forms a bend zone or a crush zone under the ground, and continues down to a great depth at a high angle. 9 refs., 3 figs.

Reliability of soldered joints for automotive electronic devices; Denso buhin ni okeru handa setsugo no shinraisei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kita, T; Mukaibo, N; Ando, K; Moriyama, M [Honda R and D Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

Concerning the tin and lead eutectic solder, we have evaluated the reliability of three factors of intermetallic compound layer, creep and vibration which cause solder degradation. First, the stress factor was extracted from investigating the mechanism of degradation, and the best acceleration test method was fixed. Next, the acceleration test was executed to find the stress dependency and the tendency of solder degradation was modeled numerically. While the environmental stress frequency was obtained and they were put together by using a minor method, which enabled us to predict the life span of solder on the market with precision. 5 refs., 13 figs.

Laser cutting system in bridge fabricating line; Kyoryo seisaku line ni okeru laser no setsudan system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kitaguchi, Y.; Yokotani, K. [Hitachi Zosen Corp., Osaka (Japan)

1994-11-01

This paper describes the laser cutting system established at a new advanced plant that was constructed by Hitachi Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd. in 1993. At the plant, the cutting line consists of four NC cutting lines: the plasma cutting machine, gas cutting machine, frame planer, and laser cutting machine. The laser cutting machine is used to cut complex shapes of relatively thin (6 - 16 mm) materials with high accuracy. The machine consists of a 3 kW CO2 laser oscillator mounted gantry type NC cutter and a slat conveyor of about 30 m long, with the maximum cutting width of 3.6 m. The NC cutting machine is provided with the automatic printing function using NC data, marking function, scheduled operation function, steel plate detector, and coordinate rotation function, etc. These functions enable unattended operation of the machine to cut multiple materials. This NC laser cutting line has the same performance data collection function for data during the operating time as other production lines. Therefore, the NC laser cutting line can be subjected to the realtime centralized control together with the other lines. All these technologies have provided high accuracy and efficiency for production as well as an environment in which many female operators can successfully work. 10 figs., 4 tabs.

Elevator group control during morning rush-hours; Erebeta gun kanri ni okeru shukkinji unten ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hikita, S. [Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Komaya, K. [Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Industrial Electronics and Systems Lab.

1995-11-30

In a high-rising building, a group control system is indispensable which controls elevators systematically in order to improve efficiency of transportation. The group control and supervision are divided into two kinds namely the allocated control and the operation control. The former is the control to determine the optimal elevator which is to respond to a call of an individual passenger and the latter is the control to determine the operational practice as an elevator group in response to changes of the macroscopic traffic flows which are repeated periodically like morning rush hours or a lunch time. In this article, the meaning of the operation during morning rush hours has been discussed, the effect of the operation during the rush hours has been verified through simulation, and as a result, it has been verified that the determination of number of elevator cages to be arranged by the number of passengers (in particular the number of passengers from the main floor) is not necessarily related to improvement of total transportation efficiency. Besides, after analyzing the behavior of the group of elevators under the morning rush hour operation, the new index for determination of the optimal number of elevator cages at the main floor has been established, a new practice for determining the number of cages to be arranged based on the above has been proposed, and its effect has been verified. 7 refs., 10 figs.

Refractories for steelmaking in Japan; Seikoyo taikabutsu no genjo (Nippon ni okeru seikoyo taikabutsu no hensen)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kataoka, S. [Kurosaki Refractories Co. Ltd., Fukuoka (Japan)

1996-05-01

This paper describes changes and the current state of refractories for steel making in Japan. Refractories used for torpedo cars have undergone material improvement and diagnostic technology progress in alumina-SiC-C brick that serve in extending life and reducing unit requirement in furnace materials. The improvement and progress have been achieved under diversification in the methods of preliminary treatment of molten pig iron. In refractories for converters, the MgO-C brick had epoch-making improvement in life because of its excellent spalling and corrosion resistance resulting in expansion of its use. Refractories for iron ladles have been changed largely keeping the pace with progress in steelmaking technologies. Attempts have been made from using acidic refractories including zircon brick material to applying neutral and basic bricks. On the other hand, application of monolithic materials has begun, which has led to realizing the totally monolithic lining together with the progress in the repairing technologies including spraying. Plate materials for sliding gate nozzle to control flow rate of molten steel from an iron ladle now use Al2O3-C as the mainstream after having gone through a number of improvements. Alumina graphite material is used as the mainstream for immersion nozzles and shrouds which are important for continuous casting. 57 refs., 37 figs., 19 tabs.

Global environmental problems in the electric industry. Denki jigyo ni okeru chikyu kankyo mondai ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugi, T [Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. (Japan)

1992-09-30

Since the electric industry has grappled with a prevention of the environmental pollution such as the air pollution and water contamination as a forerunner in case of construction and operation of the power facilities, and at the same time has conducted actively the environmental conservation countermeasures, it has consequently achieved the environmental conservation level as a top level in the world. On the other hand, as for the emission quantity of CO2 relating to the earth warming, the power field occupies about one fourth of total Japan. Therefore the electric industry should aim at the electric energy supply considering the influence on the environment, such as the power supply structure to restrain CO2 emission as less as possible, higher efficiency of equipments, higher efficiency of energy utilization by using the unused energy and so forth. In addition to it, the consumer side should aim at the social structure with a recycle type such as saving resources and saving energy, and aim at changeover of life style. It is hoped to conduct the overall measure including the items mentioned above. In this report, the recent trend of earth enviromental problems, grappling with the environmental problems as a forerunner such as the prevention measure of air pollution in the thermal power plant, etc., and the correspondence to the earth warming problems are outlined. 11 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.

Unit operation in food manufacturing and processing. Shokuhin seizo/kako ni okeru tan'i sosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsuno, R. (Kyoto Univ., Kyoto (Japan). Faculty of Aguriculture)

1993-09-05

Processed foods must be produced in mass, cheap and safe and should be suitable for the delicate taste of human being. Food tastes are effected by an outlook on human attitude, and the surrounding environment. And these factors are reflected to unit operation in food manufacturing and processing and it is clarified that there are many technical difficulties. The characteristics of unit operation for food manufacturing and processing are that the food materials are a multicomponent system, moreover, a very small amount of aroma components, taste components, vitamin, physiologically activation materials and so on are more important than the main components, and also inapplicable of the model centering to the most quantitative component. The purpose of unit operation in food manufacturing and processing is to produce the properties of matter matching to human sense, and therefore there are many problems left unsolved. The development of analytical technology also has an influence on manufacturing and processing technology. Consequently, food manufacturing and processing technology must be based on general science. It is necessary to develop unit operation with an understanding of mutual effect between food and human body.

Methods for PCO2 measurement in coral reef. Sangosho ni okeru PCO2 no genba sokutei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kitano, H; Saito, H; Mito, A; Tamura, N; Takahashi, C [National Research Laboratory of Metrology, Tsukuba (Japan)

1993-05-01

This paper introduces an instrument to measure CO2 partial pressure in sea water being developed for coral reef site measurements. The instrument uses a method that sea water is contacted with a gaseous phase via a gaseous body permeating membrane, and CO2 partial pressure in the gaseous phase is measured when CO2s in the sea water and the gaseous phase have reached a dissolution equilibrium, using an adequate analyzer. The gaseous body permeating membrane uses a material with high CO2 permeation rates, such as porous polytetrafluoroethylene. The paper describes a system that applies a gaschromatograph process to analyzing CO2 in the gaseous phase, and an automatic measuring system that utilizes a non-discrete infrared densitometer. Basic experiments are being carried out that are intended to develop a CO2 partial pressure sensor using optic fibers. This is a device to measure CO2 concentration in sea water, in which fluorescent coloring aqueous solution is contacted with sea water via a gaseous body permeation membrane, and change in fluorescence intensity in the said solution as a result of CO2 melting into it from sea water is utilized. 3 refs., 4 figs.

1998 report on development of high-efficiency waste power generation technology. 2. Development of waste gasification and ash melting power generation technology; 1998 nendo kokoritsu haikibutsu hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Haikibutsu gas ka yoyu hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

In regard to waste gasification and ash melting power generation, a basic test and examination were conducted in fiscal 1998, with a full-scale development test made ready to start. In the development of technology for raising steam temperature, evaluation of high temperature corrosivity of SH materials and development of high-temperature dust removal system were carried out for example, as were development of dechlorination technology for thermal decomposition process and development of ceramic high-temperature air heater. In the development of technology to prevent exhaust gas reheating, preliminary examination was made on denitrification technologies using a catalyst with superior low-temperature activity. In the development of technology to reduce self-heat melting critical calorific value, investigation and basic test were carried out concerning a stable waste feed system, with a pilot test device experimentally manufactured and tested based on the findings. In the development of technology for reducing external fuel input, examination and analysis were performed on pretreatment techniques for waste plastics, with basic data obtained for a waste blowing system project. In addition, the thermal decomposition and combustion characteristics of waste plastics were clarified by the basic test. (NEDO)

Subsidy project in fiscal 1999 to accelerate forming an environment harmonizing energy community. Report on the survey on energy supply investigation project by using a wastes electric power generation system in wide city and village area in the Joso area; Joso chiho koiki shichosonken ni okeru haikibutsu hatsuden ni yoru energy kyokyu chosa jigyo hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Discussions were given on the feasibility of a project to be performed jointly by the Business Bureau of the Ibaraki Prefectural Government who takes charge of the wastes electric power generation project, and the Joso Area Wide City and Village Area Affair Association who performs refuse disposal project. The basic plan for the system may be summarized as follows: the gasification melting furnace shall have a capacity of 420 tons per day, discharge concentrations of dioxins shall be 0.01 ng-TEQ/m{sup 3} or less, the power generation system shall be the steam high-temperature high-pressure system, the power generation efficiency shall be 25%, and the electric power generation takes priority, with the steam after power generation use utilized for heat supply. The evaluation on the effect of introducing the project can be summarized as follows: in the social aspect, the execution of the joint project is safe and effective for the residents and society; it contributes to activation of the areas and assistance to the regional activities; correspondence will be possible to the tighter enforcement of the laws and regulations in the future; in the environmental aspect, discharge of carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, and dioxins can be suppressed; and in the economic aspect, the ultimate disposal quantity in refuse treatment will be reduced greatly, serving for saving the treatment expense, and the refuse treatment cost may be reduced by assuring the earning from selling the electric power. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1981 Sunshine Project research report. Development of hydrothermal power plant. Development of binary cycle power plant. Conceptual plant design; 1981 nendo nessui riyo hatsuden plant no kaihatsu / binary cycle hatsuden plant no kaihatsu seika hokokusho . Plant gainen sekkei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

Conceptual design was made on a 10MW class binary cycle power plant for a demonstration plant superior in reliability and profitability, under most realistic current geothermal field conditions. In the design, study was made on heat balance, main pipe system, equipment allocation, and electric system for a plant system configuration, and study was also made on preheater, evaporator, condenser, turbine and others for plant component equipment. Further study was made on optimization of mist cooling condenser, instrumentation, control, utility, and environmental measures. The following basic data were obtained through the conceptual design: plant inlet hot water temperature: 130 degrees C, plant outlet hot water temperature: 70 degrees C, hot water flow rate: 1,415t/h, working fluid: R-114, R-114 pressure in evaporator: 11.98kg/cm{sup 2} abs, R-114 evaporation temperature: 91.1 degrees C, R-114 condensation temperature: 31.0 degrees C, R- 114 flow rate: 2,265t/h, site area: 106.5m x 102.4m, building area: 48.7m x 16.8m, and building height: 13.0m. (NEDO)

FY 1998 Report on development of large-scale wind power generation systems. Research on the future prospects of wind power generation systems; 1998 nendo ogata furyoku hatsuden system kaihatsu. Furyoku hatsuden system no shorai tenbo ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Current status of wind power generation in Japan and situations in foreign countries ahead of Japan are surveyed, in order to clarify the prospects for the future diffusion and expansion of wind power generation systems in Japan. The surveyed trends of wind power generation in Japan include those related to mandatory laws and regulations, e.g., the Electricity Enterprises Act, introductory and operation situations in local autonomies and electric power companies, and R and D efforts by academic and research organizations. The surveyed wind power generation situations in foreign countries include trends of international standardization for wind power generation, and global situations of introducing these systems. The on-the-spot oversea surveys include location/wind conditions in Greece's islands, cyclone-caused damages in India, World Renewable Energy Congress in Perth and advanced technologies in Europe for wind power generation systems, and the survey results are reported in detail. The surveyed R and D projects in Japan include the basic technological R and D plans (draft) for, e.g., wind power generation systems for isolated islands. (NEDO)

Characteristic on photovoltaic/thermal hybrid collector. Evaluation of excergetic theory; Taiyoko netsu hybrid collector no tokusei. Exergy ni yoru hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iwawaki, H; Morita, Y; Fujisawa, T; Tani, T [Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Described herein are characteristics of photovoltaic (PV)/thermal hybrid collectors (PV/Ts), in which a PV module is combined with a plate-shape solar heat collector to simultaneously produce electric power and heat. Their efficiency is assessed by exergy. The test results indicate that the PV/T system gives a 1.07 times higher exergy than the PV system, 86.3 versus 80.7kWh. In terms of energy, the optimum values (OVs) are 5, 44 and 37% lower than the measuring values (MVs) for electrical energy, thermal energy and total exergy. In terms of exergy, on the other hand, OV is 5% lower than MV for electrical energy, but 893 times higher for thermal energy and 1.26 times higher for total exergy. As a result, the exergy level is 26% higher than that of a system which generates power as the main product and heat as the auxiliary product. 3 refs., 6 figs., 5 tabs.

Influence of spectral solar radiation to the generating power of photovoltaic module; Taiyo denchi shutsuryoku eno taiyoko supekutoru eno eikyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minaki, S.; Ishihara, Y.; Todaka, T.; Harada, K. [Doshisha University, Kyoto (Japan); Oshiro, T.; Nakamura, H. [Japan quality Assurance Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

As to the influence of spectral solar radiation to generating power of solar cells, a study was conducted from the aspects of season, time zone, intensity of solar radiation, etc. In the study, spectral responsive variation correction coefficients were introduced as evaluation values expressing the influence of spectral solar radiation. For the spectral distribution, an all sky spectral pyranometer by wavelength was used, and data were used which were obtained in the measurement in experimental facilities of the solar techno center. Concerning solar cell relative spectral sensitivity values, used were relative spectral sensitivity values of monocrystal and amorphous standard solar cells to the short-circuit current. Spectral response variation correction coefficients are coefficients correcting variations in conversion efficiency of solar cells due to changes in the spectral distribution. The changes of spectral responsive variation correction coefficients were studied using data obtained during April 1994 and March 1996. As a result, it was found that the coefficients showed large changes in summer and small ones in winter and that amorphous solar cells indicate this trend conspicuously. 3 refs., 6 figs., 3 tabs.

Indirect solar-pumped laser diode using a solar cell; Taiyo denchi wo mochiita taiyoko kansetsu reikigata handotai laser no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kanamori, Y.; Yugami, H.; Naito, H.; Arashi, H. [Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1996-10-27

This paper describes the operating characteristics of a stabilizing circuit using commercial electricity, those of a stabilizing circuit using solar cells, relation between the quantity of solar radiation and the maximum output of a semiconductor laser diode (LD), and simulation results of annual LD output in Sendai City. The stabilizing circuit for the solar-cell driven LD was structured such that the output of the solar cell panels was guided to a DC/DC converter, that the voltage was set at a prescribed value and that the current was stabilized with the use of power MOSFET. The solar cells used in the experiment were monocrystal silicone solar cells with the maximum output of 53W each. In the experiment, the LD was protected by stabilizing the current at a set value when an excess current was supplied to the stabilizing circuit. As a result of the simulation of the annual LD output from the meteorological data of Sendai City, it was predicted that a solar cell of approximately 1kW was able to provide an annual output of 102MJ and that the efficiency was highest with four sheets of the solar cell. Consequently, consistency proved to be essential between the LD and the solar cell output. 3 refs., 7 figs.

Technology for emission control in internal combustion engines; Kakushu nainen kikan ni okeru hai gas joka gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shioji, M. [Kyoto University, Kyoto (Japan)

1998-09-01

Described herein are emission control technology and exhaust gas cleaning measures for internal combustion engines. Gas turbines burn relatively high-quality fuels, such as natural gas, kerosene, diesel oil and gas oil, where the major concerns are to reduce NOx and dust emissions. The NOx abatement techniques fall into two general categories; wet processes which inject water or steam, and dry processes which depend on improved combustion. Power generation and cogeneration which burn natural gas adopt lean, premixed combustion and two-stage combustion as the major approaches. Low-speed, large-size diesel engines, which realize very high thermal efficiency, discharge high concentrations of NOx. Delayed fuel injection timing is the most easy NOx abatement technique to meet the related regulations, but is accompanied by decreased fuel economy. Use of water-emulsified fuel, water layer injection and multi-port injection can reduce NOx emissions without decreasing fuel economy, depending on optimization methods adopted. Automobile gasoline engines are required to further clean exhaust gases by catalystic systems. 9 refs., 10 figs., 6 tabs.

Fault analysis in the very shallow seismic reflection method; Gokusenso jishin hanshaho ni okeru danso kaiseki. 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nagumo, S; Muraoka, S; Kaida, Y; Takahashi, T [OYO Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-01

To effectively use the very shallow seismic reflection for active fault survey, a method has been investigated by which fault structures can be appropriately reconstructed from the fault information detected in the original records. The first step of reconstructing the fault system from the travel time reflection curve was to grasp an outline of fault structure from the patterns of travel time curve observed in the original record. For the very shallow seismic reflection method, especially, the low velocity layers in a shallow part succeeding from the ground surface made the issue complicated. Then, the travel time reflection curves were calculated in the case of existing several horizontal reflection surfaces in the surface layer. The constant values, mean velocities to the depth at individual reflection surfaces were used for the approximation of velocities. The outline of fault structure was grasped from the observation of original record. Then, the structure was reconstructed from the travel time curves. When the mean velocity in the medium was known, reconstruction of the feature of reflection surfaces from the travel time curves could be determined by simple mapping. When the mean velocity was unknown, it was calculated using the reciprocal travel time from the common reflection surface for individual reflection surfaces. 7 figs.

Equalizing effect of the fluctuation in areal irradiance; Chiikinai ni okeru shugo nissha no hendo yokusei koka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minowa, J; Kurokawa, K [Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo (Japan); Otani, K; Tsuda, I; Sakuta, K [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1997-11-25

Aggravation in electric power quality is concerned because of irregular output power caused by a large number of photovoltaic power generation systems connected with the power grids. However, averaging of the irregularity may be expected in a wide area due to time-based shift in cloud movements. In order to identify this effect, insolation data were measured in terms of planes at multiple points in the city of Tsukuba to discuss the fluctuation equalizing effect. The system is composed of nine instruments to measure insolation plane characteristics, nine terminal station units, and a base station unit. The insolation data express the horizontal plane insolation intensity at a sampling interval of one minute. Insolation fluctuation (standard deviation of insolation fluctuation components) was defined as an index of the insolation fluctuation. Based on the index, an averaging effect when the photovoltaic systems are installed in a number of locations was considered by using statistic estimation. As a result, the averaging effect was obtained even in an area with a radius of several kilometers. In addition, the measurement data revealed that there is an upper limit in the effect depending on the number of system installation. It was also made clear that the data are affected by distances to connect the photovoltaic power generation systems with each other and by climatic conditions. 3 refs., 6 figs.

Treatability evaluation of membrane technique by virus. Maku shori ni okeru shorisei hyoka to shite no virus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yano, K. (Tokyo Metropolitan Research Lab. of Public Health, Tokyo (Japan))

1990-08-10

Concerning a high level treating method of regeneration of sewage water, there are methods of coagulation/precipitation, sand filtering and ozone treatment in addition to the conventional active sludge method. However, none of these methods are perfect from the viewpoint of virus. A film treating method to remove micro-organisms in water is twofold, i.e., microfiltration and reverse osmosis. For such filter treatments, polio virus is most suited as an experimental index for conducting an assessment of the treating ability of viruses. The reasons are as follows: 1. It is the smallest virus among the viruses which are mixed in the water systems. 2. Polio virus is always detected in the study of actual conditions of the viruses contained in the sewage waters. 3. It involves less danger in handling because there are vaccines which are made less poisonous. 4. Separation and quantification of viruses is easily conducted by means of cultured cells. 8 refs., 1 fig., 7 tabs.

Issues on the energy industry under the yen appreciation; Endakaka ni okeru energy sangyo no kadai. Yoyakuban

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-07-01

A tendency toward the rapid yen appreciation since spring 1995 has affected various fields of the economic society of Japan. From a broader view, it is discussed whether the Japanese economic system itself is right or wrong, and that the post-war economic system and regulation system should be largely reviewed. In a short term, the yen appreciation largely affects the export industry and is markedly influential to macro economy. At present, the yen is not as high as that in 1995, but a lot of economists assume a tendency toward medium- and long-term yen appreciation. Therefore, this paper analyzed what kinds of influences the exchange fluctuation brings to the Japanese economy and energy supply/demand. It was clarified what kinds of problems will appear in the energy industry, in particular, on the assumption that the yen will keep high in medium- and long-term. The report consists of parts 1 and 2. Described were `Simulational analysis of yen appreciation` in Part 1 and `Yen appreciation and international issues` in Part 2. 12 figs., 5 tabs.

Cut down the peak daytime demand for electricity at the residence; Jutaku ni okeru denryoku fuka heijunka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishihara, O. [Kumamoto University, Kumamoto (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1996-09-05

For leveling of power load in small-scale buildings and houses, a test house with actual size was constructed in order to examine soil heat storage system using photovoltaic power generation system and nighttime power. A hundred of polycrystal silicone solar cells with about 5 kW and twenty of amorphous ones were fixed on the roof, to connect with commercial power source by the system interconnection having inverse power flow. For leveling of power load in the periods of heating and cooling, soil heat storage system was applied using nighttime power. Pipes for circulating cooling and heating water were embedded. Heat pump was operated only in the time zone of nighttime power, to obtain cooling and heating source for fan coil unit in the daytime. The sold power was larger than purchased power under continuous cooling condition for twelve hours in summer. Since cooling load was supplied from nighttime power with lower price, there was a large peak cut effect in the daytime. As a result of the tests using a house with actual size, the system was found to be applied practically both in summer and in winter. Effectiveness of peak cut of power load in summer was also provided. 7 refs., 10 figs., 2 tabs.

Appearance of rapid carbon on hydrogasification of coal; Suiten gas ka ni okeru kokassei tanso no hatsugen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Soneda, Y.; Makino, M. [National Institute for Resources and Environment, Tsukuba (Japan)9] Xu, W. [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo, (Japan)

1998-09-20

The technology of hydrogasification of coal now under development under a State project aims to produce light oil as well as methane-rich high calorie gas through the direct reaction between coal and hydrogen, and is expected to deal with the difficult natural gas demand/supply relationship anticipated for the future. Although it is mandatory to fully understand the reaction between coal and hydrogen for the completion of this technology, yet there are many tasks to be fulfilled. One of the tasks is the elucidation of the behavior of what is named rapid carbon that appears upon the rapid heating of coal in a high-pressure hydrogen environment. In this paper, some interesting findings about the appearance of rapid carbon are reported. When coal is placed in such an environment, volatile components are lost first of all and then the active carbon reaction occurs. When the behavior of active carbon in the reaction is observed, it is found that active carbon is not so small in quantity, and the result of observation of its appearance and deactivation during the reaction justifies an inference that the reaction is regarded as one of the primary reactions in the process of hydrogasification. Accordingly, systematic studies of its physical and chemical features from various viewpoints are necessary. 5 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.

Magnetic susceptibility measurements in Yellowstone National Park, USA; Beikoku Yellowstone kokuritsu koen ni okeru genchi jikaritsu sokutei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okuma, S [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan)

1997-05-27

For the purpose of interpreting data of the aeromagnetic anomalies in Yellowstone National Park in the U.S.A., in-situ magnetization intensity measurements have been carried out in 1994 and 1995 on geological outcrops of rocks in that area. Comparisons and discussions were given on the measurement results, and existing rock magnetic data and aeromagnetic anomaly data available for the area. Outside the Yellowstone caldera, part of granitic gneisses among the Precambrian granitic gneisses and crystalline schists distributed to the north has an abnormally high magnetization intensity of 1 {times} 10 {sup -2} SI. This could be a powerful anomaly source for the high magnetic anomaly in this area. Paleogene volcanic rocks distributed widely in the eastern part of the park also have magnetization intensity as high as 1 {times} 10 {sup -2} SI or higher, which are also thought a powerful anomaly source in this area. Part of Pleistocene basalts which are exposed partially in the western part of the park has also very high magnetization intensity at 1 {times} 10 {sup -2} SI or higher. This suggests correlation with the magnetic anomaly in the east-west direction distributed in this area. Quaternary rhyolites are more magnetic than Quaternary welded tuffs, which should give greater effects to the magnetic anomaly. 10 refs., 5 figs.

Fault analysis in the very shallow seismic reflection method. 2; Gokusenso hanshaho ni okeru danso kaiseki. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nagumo, S; Muraoka, S; Takahashi, T [Oyo Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-05-27

Fault analysis is required in addition to the ordinary process of structural analysis (CDP stacking) for the examination of discontinuity in the reflection horizon in question. The fault shape restoration principle is that the reflection point of a reflection wave observed at a certain receiving point is on an ellipse with the shock point and receiving point at its focal points and that the sum of the distances between the reflection point and the focal points is equal to the reflection wave propagation time. The DMO velocity is worked out by calculation using the positive travel time and inverse travel time from the common reflection surface. When the reflection surface is inclined by {theta}, the average interval velocity/cos{theta} is called the DMO velocity. When the reflection surface inclination and the average interval velocities are determined separately in this way, the position of the reflection point may be worked out, and this enables the calculation of the amount of migration (lateral movement). The reflection wave lineups carried by the original record are picked up one by one, and the average interval velocities are treated very prudently. After such a basic DMO conversion treatment, the actualities of the fault are described fairly correctly. 3 figs.

Shallow seismic reflection prospecting in Hachiro-kata reclaimed land; Hachirogata kantakuchi ni okeru senbu hanshaho jishin tansa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kitsunezaki, C; Fukutome, T; Matsumoto, S; Noda, K; Sato, T [Akita University, Akita (Japan). Mining College; Hayashi, H; Ishii, E; Yamanaka, Y; Matsuno, K; Mikuni, S [Suncoh Consultant Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-05-27

Along the Japan Sea coast in Akita Prefecture and in the vicinity, there exist active fault groups, such as the Kitayuri thrust fault group in the south and Noshiro thrust fault group in the north. It is estimated that there is another fault, running from Akita City located between the above-said two thrust fault groups into the Hachiro-kata reclaimed land, roughly connecting the two thrust fault groups. This third fault is supposed to be related to the hypocenter of Tencho Earthquake of 830, but its location and structural configuration are not known, and it is not known whether it is an active fault, either. Investigations are conducted using S- and P-waves. The greatest problem in the use of P-waves is that there exists a layer in which signal attenuation is high and transmission is anomalously slow. This problem is ascribed to the layer pore water rendered unsaturated though slightly by the inclusion of air bubbles, and is explained for the most part by the White model. A survey using S-waves is advantageous in that it does not experience no difficulty of this kind. In the P-wave cross section, a structure supposed to be an inversion layer is observed at a level deeper than 200m. In the case of the S-wave method, more details of the shallow structure will be available when the degree of CMP stacking is augmented as usual. 2 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

3D seismic experiment in difficult area in Japan; Kokunai nanchiiki ni okeru sanjigen jishin tansa jikken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minegishi, M; Nakagami, K; Tanaka, H [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1997-05-27

Difficult area in this context means an exploration-difficult area supposed to store oil/gas but retarded in exploration for the lack of knowledge about the geological structure due to poor quality of available seismic survey records. Discussed in this paper is a survey conducted into an area covering the southern part of Noshiro-shi, Akita-ken, and Yamamoto-cho, Yamamoto-gun, Akita-ken. An area size suitable for data collection at a target depth of 2500m is determined using an interpretation structure compiled on the basis of available well data and 2D seismic survey data. The plan for siting shock points and receiving points is modified case by case as restrictive factors come to the surface (resulting from the complicated hilly terrain, presence of pipes for agricultural water, etc.). The peculiarities of seismic waves in the terrain are studied through the interpretation of the available well data and 2D seismic survey data for the construction of a 3D velocity model for the confirmation of the appropriateness of the plan for siting shock points and receiving points. Efforts are exerted through enhanced coordination with the contractor to acquire data so that a technologically best design may be won within the limits of the budget. The quality of the data obtained from this experiment is in general better than those obtained from previous experiments, yet many problems remain to be settled in future studies about exploration-difficult areas. 4 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

Study of evaluation for grouting effect in a borehole; Yakueki chunyu koka hyoka gijutsu ni okeru ichikosatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakamura, H; Matsuo, T [Fukuoka Municipal Transportation Bureau, Fukuoka (Japan); Yamauchi, Y; Imanishi, H [Osaka Soil Test, Osaka (Japan)

1996-10-01

For the foundation improvement works by grouting in a borehole, evaluation of grouting effect is one of the most important management items. The grouting design and works are sometimes reconsidered depending on the evaluation of grouting effect during the test injection. The purpose of the evaluation of grouting effect is to grasp the range of improvement and consolidation after the injection, and to judge and estimate the strength and permeability of the consolidation part. This paper describes the judgment method of the strength using PS logging results and borehole televiewer (BHTV) logging results. The reflection intensity (Ir) by the BHTV logging increased after the grouting, which showed a same tendency as that using S-wave and P-wave velocities (Vs and Vp) before and after the grouting. This was considered to demonstrate the grouting effect. A relation was obtained between the Vs, Vp and Ir before and after the grouting, which was expressed by following equation. Ir=0.143{times}Vs-70=0.093{times}Vp-110. The relation with the dynamic elastic coefficient (Ed) was also obtained as follow; Ir=0.0013{times}Ed. 9 figs.

Seismic reflection survey in Omama fan area, Gunma prefecture; Gunma Omama senjochi ni okeru hanshaho jishin tansa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamaguchi, K; Kano, N; Yokokura, T; Kiguchi, T; Yokota, T; Matsushima, J [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan)

1996-10-01

Seismic reflection survey was performed for the Medial Tectonic Line, an important geological tectonic line in the Kanto plains, at Kushibiki district, Saitama prefecture in the north-western part of the Kanto plains. It was estimated that movements of the basement were different in the individual sides of the active fault. In this study, the seismic reflection survey was performed at the Omama fan area, Gunma prefecture, which is located at the north-eastern extension of the Kushibiki plateau, to grasp the structure of basement to the depth of about 1.0 s of return travel time, and the upper sediments. Two traverse lines passing Ota city, Kiryu city, and Nitta town were used. Southern part of the traverse line-1 was in the bottom land in the middle of Tone river, and northern part was in the Omama fan area. The ground surface along the traverse line was flat. Hachioji heights are the heights elongating in the NW-SE direction and having relative height of 100 to 200 m against the surrounding plain. Another traverse line-2 was set on the steep slope having relative height more than 100 m. The Brute stack time section of each traverse line was characterized by the gradient reflection surface AA of the traverse line-1. It was suggested that the AA or intermittent parts of reflection surfaces deeper than AA may relate to the tectonic lines in the more ancient geological ages. 2 figs., 1 tab.

Performance of 3KW laser in cutting industry. Yodan gyokai ni okeru 3KW reza no koyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kita, H.; Miyaji, T.

1993-11-01

Recently, as the CO2 laser oscillator requires bigger power output, steel plates to be cut with a laser cutting machine have become thick plates with thickness of 12mm or more and the size of the plate which can be cut has become from the standard size of 4 inch by 8 inch or 5 inch by 10 inch to a big size of more than several meters because of introduction of the gantry type. In this article, the CO2 laser cutting machine introduced to Komatsu Shearing Co. and its operating conditions are introduced and the trends of powerful laser cutting machines in the cutting industry in the future are predicted. Laser cutting makes high cutting quality, but its device and running costs becomes high. For adopting a laser cutting machine, such items have been individually examined that no bitter work is involved in cutting, no skill is needed, no strain is formed during the press work in the succeeding process and the yield is high (95%), and a Komatsu laser cutting machine has been introduced. As a result, it has been found that the machine can produce a product of higher quality than shearing. Hereafter, this machine will further be used for manufacturing parts of construction machines, etc. for which high accuracy and high quality are demanded. 7 figs., 8 tabs.

Improvement of vehicle stability in cornering on uneven road; Akuro senkaiji ni okeru sharyo no anzensei kojo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tobimatsu, K; Harada, M; Harada, H [National Defense Academy, Kanagawa (Japan)

1997-10-01

The active control of vehicle suspensions and rear wheel steering systems in turning on uneven roads is analyzed by means of LQR control theory, assuming that cornering forces depend on tire normal loads in addition to tire slip angles. The authors quantitatively investigated the effectiveness of the integrated control of the active suspension and the rear wheel steering, comparing the contributions of each individual system. Furthermore, in this paper, the role of the chassis control and driver control are studied in order to improve the stability of vehicle motion disturbed by the road surface. 4 refs., 9 figs.

Unsteady performance of a cavitating hydrofoil in stall conditions. Shissoku jotai ni okeru yokukei no hiteijo tokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ogata, H. (Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan)); Ito, Y. (Hachinoe Institutea of Technology, Aomori (Japan)); Oba, R. (Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan). Institute of Fluid Science); Sunayama, Y.; Abe, J. (Suzuki Co. Ltd., Shizuoka (Japan))

1991-11-25

To elucidate the unsteady performance of cavitating hydrofoils in a stall condition, this paper describes a survey on unsteady conditions without cavitations and stall conditions as to their characteristics from a cavitation to a supercavitation, lift and drag. Flows with cavitations were also analyzed. As a result of comparing also data for the subcavitation regions, it was found that a large-scale vortex generation on the hydrofoil back-pressure plane in near stall condition has a close relation with the changes in lifts and drags or the cavitation breakdown. The experiment used a testing water tank of circulation flow type having a rectangular measuring cross section (70 mm in width and 190 mm in height), and the hydrofoil specimens of two-dimensional symmetric type with a chord length of 70 mm and an aspect ratio of 1.0. The test condition used a cavitation coefficient of 0.18-6.33 (from a supercavitation to non-cavitation). A numerical analysis proved that the power spectra around the hydrofoils having no cavitations agreed with the experimental results, and verified the reasonability of the application. 18 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

Roles played by coral reef ecosystems in mitigating global warming. Ondanka taisaku ni okeru sangosho no igi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Komiyama, H [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1993-05-01

This Paper describes briefly a question of whether growing coral reefs could be an effective means to fix CO2 in sea water in order to mitigate global warming: Growing coral reefs could be a promising method from the following three views: Photosynthesis performed by diverse ecosystems that constitute coral reefs is thought to excel calcification (accompanying CO2 discharge from sea to the atmosphere); corals all over the world would fix CO2 at an annual rate of several hundred million tons; and no much energies are consumed to fix CO2. However, these favorable views depend upon another condition that a time period for the CO2 fixation is not too short (a measure for the time being is 100 years or longer). Elucidating where organic matters generated by the photosynthesis would go is an important question to meet this requirement. The paper indicates that measuring nitrogen and phosphor balances in addition to carbon balance is effective for measuring ratio of a net photosynthesis rate to the calcification rate. 4 refs., 1 fig., 4 tabs.

FY 1998 Report on development of large-scale wind power generation systems. Part 2. Operational research on large-scale wind power generation systems; 1998 nendo ogata furyoku hatsuden system kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 2. Ogata furyoku hatsuden system no unten kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The on-the-spot surveys are conducted and related information is collected for current status of wind power generators connected to power grid systems and simulation techniques therefor in the USA and European countries. In Denmark, the grid system to which wind power generators are connected is a 10kV radiation type system, by which these generators are connected to general consumers. Power quality is investigated by the programs developed by DEFU (Danske Elvarkers Forening Udredning). The German's Norderland Wind Park has the largest capacity in Europe with 35 units of 1.5MW generators. They are connected to a 110kV grind system via ISOREE to control disturbances to the commercial grid system. The USA, used to have the world largest wind power generation capacity, is now plays second fiddle to Germany whose capacity has now exceeded 2,000MW. The country is now seeing the second rush for construction of wind power generators, planning to have a new capacity of 570MW in 1998. Information is also collected from other countries or organizations, including the Netherlands, WREC, Italy and Spain. (NEDO)

FY 1998 Report on development of large-scale wind power generation systems. Part 2. Operational research on large-scale wind power generation systems; 1998 nendo ogata furyoku hatsuden system kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 2. Ogata furyoku hatsuden system no unten kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The on-the-spot surveys are conducted and related information is collected for current status of wind power generators connected to power grid systems and simulation techniques therefor in the USA and European countries. In Denmark, the grid system to which wind power generators are connected is a 10kV radiation type system, by which these generators are connected to general consumers. Power quality is investigated by the programs developed by DEFU (Danske Elvarkers Forening Udredning). The German's Norderland Wind Park has the largest capacity in Europe with 35 units of 1.5MW generators. They are connected to a 110kV grind system via ISOREE to control disturbances to the commercial grid system. The USA, used to have the world largest wind power generation capacity, is now plays second fiddle to Germany whose capacity has now exceeded 2,000MW. The country is now seeing the second rush for construction of wind power generators, planning to have a new capacity of 570MW in 1998. Information is also collected from other countries or organizations, including the Netherlands, WREC, Italy and Spain. (NEDO)

FY 1998 Report on development of large-scale wind power generation systems. Part 1. Operational research on large-scale wind power generation systems; 1998 nendo ogata furyoku hatsuden system kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 1. Ogata furyoku hatsuden system no unten kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The research and development project is implemented for large-scale wind power generation systems, and the FY 1998 results are reported. In the FY 1998, a slip property variable generator is actually mounted on the wind power generator, to conduct various types of demonstration tests. The reliability validation tests include microstructure examinations, fatigue tests and fatigue strength tests to predict residual strength in the blade. It is confirmed that the blade has a sufficient residual strength. The performance validation tests include continuous measurement of power outputs and wind velocities, and analysis of the output fluctuations. The power output performance during winter when the west wind prevails is higher than designed. In the tests for evaluating the characteristics of the system on which a slip property variable generator is mounted, the output smoothing effect is confirmed in a range beyond the rated output. The wind power generation system is continuously operated, to accumulate the operational data for, e.g., capacity factor, operating time rate, and system failure status. The FY 1998 results are 920,000kWh as the output and 21% as capacity factor. The other items investigate include aerodynamic noise reduction countermeasures, fatigue life of the wind turbine blades, economics of wind power generation, and dismantling and reuse of the wind turbines. (NEDO)

Outline of fiscal 1967 achievements in research on MHD power generation; 1967 nendo MHD hatsuden kenkyu seika gaiyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1968-09-01

Compiled are the results of studies conducted in fiscal 1967 on MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) power generation. In the test operation and modification of a 1,000kW-class MHD power generator at the Electrical Research Laboratory, a test is conducted using Faraday-type electrodes. It is then found that this configuration results in a maximum output of approximately 700kW, which is less than expected. In the experimental construction at the Hitachi, Ltd., of a machine capable of a long-term operation, an MHD power generator is built for a continuous operation of 100 hours with an maximum output of 2kW, and a 110-hour power generation is successfully achieved with a maximum output of 1.9kW. In the research and development of heat exchangers, tests are conducted for a bulkhead type heat exchanger, heat accumulator type heat exchanger, molten slag type heat exchanger, and a gas/liquid 2-phase flow type heat exchanger. In the study of heat-resisting insulators, materials based on zirconate, magnesia, thoria, zirconia, etc., are tested. In addition, studies are conducted on electrode materials, superconductive electromagnets (small superconductive electromagnets for MHD power generators, turbine type helium liquefiers, superconductive wires for 70-kilogauss electromagnets, etc.), and thermal performance rating. (NEDO)

Outline of fiscal 1970 achievements in research on MHD power generation; 1970 nendo MHD hatsuden kenkyu seika gaiyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1970-07-01

Compiled are the results of studies conducted in fiscal 1970 on MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) power generation. In the operation test and modification of the 1000kW-class MHD power generator, modification is carried out involving the combustion system, seed collecting method, and power generation channel, and reviews through experiments are conducted about the analysis and control of the boundary layer structure. In the operation test of the MHD power generator designed for prolonged operation, a test operation for resistance to heat and seeds continues more than 100 hours using a cold wall type power generation channel constituted of water cooled ceramics, and the ceramics are analyzed for failure and loss. Studies are also conducted involving MHD power generator heat exchangers, seed collecting methods, electrode materials for MHD power generators, heat-resistant materials for MHD power generators, thermal performance rating for MHD power plants, etc. In the research and development of superconductive electromagnets, superconductive electromagnets are developed and tested for 1000kW-class MHD power generators, and studies are conducted on turbine type helium liquefiers, superinsulated superconductive electromagnetic field generators, etc. (NEDO)

Report on results of contract research. 'Research on MHD generation system'; MHD hatsuden system no kenkyu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1981-03-01

'Research on MHD generation system' was implemented by its expert committee in the electric joint study group, with the results of fiscal 1980 reported. This year, a detailed conceptual design was carried out on a coal fired MHD generation system, with points for the technological development concretely examined. In addition, investigation was conducted on the progress of MHD generation technology, development situation of other generation systems, state of energy resources, etc., in various foreign countries. In the conceptual design of the coal fired MHD generation plant, the system structure of a 2,000 MWt class commercial MHD generation plant was explained, as were the conceptual design of the structural elements and proposals for a 500 MWt class demonstration plant and an 100 MWt class experimental plant, for example. In the overseas trend of R and D on MHD generation, investigations were made concerning the U.S., Soviet Union, and China, with details compiled for such items as generation plants, combustors, generation channels, heat resisting materials, superconducting magnets, heat exchangers, seed slags, inverters, boilers and environments, and commercial plants. (NEDO)

Outline of fiscal 1969 achievements in research on MHD power generation; 1969 nendo MHD hatsuden kenkyu seika gaiyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1969-07-01

Compiled are the results of studies conducted in fiscal 1969 on MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) power generation. In the operation test and modification of the 1,000kW-class MHD power generator, the operation test continues from the preceding fiscal year using high-temperature air as oxidant, and the growth of boundary layer in the channel is determined. In the operation test of the MHD power generator designed for prolonged operation, insulation walls, electrode materials, and structures capable of prolonged operation are developed and tested. In the research of MHD power generator heat exchangers, studies are made about the bulkhead type and heat accumulator types (stationary type, rotary type, and falling-grain type). In addition, studies are conducted about seed collecting methods, MHD power generator electrode materials, heat-resisting insulators, and thermal performance rating. In the research and development of superconductive electromagnets, studies are conducted about superconductive electromagnets for 1kW MHD power generators, ferromagnetic superconductive electromagnets for 1,000kW-class MHD power generators, 45-kilogauss col type superconductive electromagnets, turbine type helium liquefier, high current density col type superconductive electromagnets, superinsulated magnetic field generators, etc. (NEDO)

Report on results of contract research. 'Research on MHD generation system'; MHD hatsuden system no kenkyu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

'Research on MHD generation system' was implemented by its expert committee in the electric joint study group, with the results of fiscal 1981 reported. This year, technological reexamination was conducted for a 2,000 MWt commercial MHD generation plant, with evaluation carried out on the cost performance including the construction and operation cost. In addition, for the purpose of intermediate R and D towards the practicability, examination was also conducted on a system structure, concrete specifications of component element, cost of R and D including operation expenses for example, concerning an 100 MWt class experimental plant and a 500 MWt class plant. In the investigation of the overseas trend, information was summarized in detail on the experimental devices, combustors, generation channels, electrode materials, electrode phenomena, theoretical analyses, seeds, slag, component equipment, instrumental technologies, conceptual designs of generation plant, commercial plant, etc., in Soviet Union, China, Holland, India and EPRI, on the basis of the materials from the 19th MHD symposium held in UTSI and from the coal MHD specialist conference held in Sydney. (NEDO)

Report on results of contract research. 'Research on MHD generation system'; MHD hatsuden system no kenkyu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1983-03-01

'Research on MHD generation system' was implemented by its expert committee in the electric joint study group, with the results of fiscal 1982 reported. This year is the final year of this research; therefore, reexamination was made from the practical standpoint on the R and D of coal fired MHD generation, evaluating the present technological level as well as clarifying the development procedures, with proposals made as to the R and D from now on. The present technological level in the practicability is still in the basic stage, where the essential problem is the development of combustors, air heaters and generation channels in particular. An examination was conducted for the problems, procedures and period of the development for each component equipment, with the results provided as materials for studying the path to the experimental plant of 100 MW heat input. In the method of proceeding with the R and D in the future, it was decided as essential, in order to enter the stage of the experimental plant from the element technology development, that R and D is carried out on the unestablished component technology, making sure that no excessive risk is taken in scaling up to the next stage. (NEDO)

Performance analysis of dish solar stirling power system; Stirling engine wo mochiita taiyonetsu hatsuden system no seino yosoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsuchiya, K; Yamaguchi, I [Meiji University, Tokyo (Japan); Naito, Y; Momose, Y [Aisin Seiki Co. Ltd., Aichi (Japan)

1996-10-27

In order to estimate the performance of the dish solar Stirling power system, matching and control of each component system were studied, and the performance of the 25kWe class power system was estimated on the basis of direct solar radiation measured in Miyako island, Okinawa. Application of a Stirling engine to solar heat power generation is highly effective in spite of its small scale. The total system is composed of a converging system, heat receiver, engine/generator system and control system. As the simulation result, the generator output is nearly proportional to direct solar radiation, and the system efficiency approaches to a certain constant value with an increase in direct solar radiation. As accumulated solar radiation is large, the influence of slope error of the converging mirror is comparatively small. The optimum aperture opening ratio of the heat receiver determined on the basis of mean direct solar radiation (accumulated solar radiation/{Delta}t (simulated operation time of the system)), corresponds to the primary approximation of the opening ratio for a maximum total generated output under variable direct solar radiation. 6 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

Studies on reducing the thermal loads of solar-pumped solid state lasers; Taiyoko reiki laser no netsufuka teigen ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shimizu, K; Yugami, H; Naito, H; Arashi, H [Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan)

1997-11-25

It was intended to reduce the thermal loads of solar-pumped solid state lasers (highly densified solar light is irradiated directly onto a laser medium to cause excitation. No electric power is required for the excitation.). For this purpose, experiments were performed by using a selective permeation film. Solar light includes wavelengths not effective for excitation, which causes heat generation and thermal loads such as lens heating effect and thermal stress compounded refraction, degrading the laser beam quality. The Nd:YAG was used as a laser medium, and a multi-layered film (composed of SiO2 and TiO2) which cuts wavelength below 500 nm as a selective permeation film to cut light having wavelengths not required for excitation. A laser transmitting experiment revealed that the slope efficiency is improved by 27% as compared to not using the film. Beam fluctuation was improved to 45%. Using the selective permeation film has realized more efficient conversion of the solar light into a beam with better quality. The results for calculation of heat lens effect by using temperature distribution simulation showed good agreement with experimental values. Using the selective permeation film can suppress the maximum temperature of a laser rod to 68%, as well as the thermal stress. 9 figs., 2 tabs.

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of technology for commercialization of the photovoltaic power system - R and D of evaluation technology of the photovoltaic power system. R and D of the solar cell evaluation system; 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu - Taiyodenchi hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu - Taiyodenchi hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Study was made of the development of the basic technology for the integrated evaluation of solar cell performance, grasp of degradation phenomena of solar cell modules by outdoor exposure test, development of the accelerated degradation test method, etc., and the FY 2000 results were summed up. As to the development of the ultra-high approximation solar simulator for cell evaluation, a simulator was fabricated of which the irradiation non-uniformity is {+-} 1.0% and the spectral agreement is within {+-} 10% in 10 wavebands out of the 16 wavebands. Relating to the development of evaluation technology of large area modules, performance of the spectral irradiance distribution, etc. was improved by modification of the solar simulator, which made accurate measurement possible. In the study of degradation of solar cell modules, exposure tests on various kinds of solar cell modules were continued at 5 sites in Japan, 3 sites in Australia and 1 site in Oman for data collection/analysis. Further, analysis was made of Isc changes in the early stage of exposure, phenomenon of cell's cloudy discoloration, degradation caused by increase in series resistance, etc. As the test method of light accelerated degradation of A-Si solar cell, a brightness cycle test method was developed. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of technology for commercialization of the photovoltaic power system - R and D of evaluation technology of the photovoltaic power system. R and D of the solar cell evaluation system; 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu - Taiyodenchi hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu - Taiyodenchi hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Study was made of the development of the basic technology for the integrated evaluation of solar cell performance, grasp of degradation phenomena of solar cell modules by outdoor exposure test, development of the accelerated degradation test method, etc., and the FY 2000 results were summed up. As to the development of the ultra-high approximation solar simulator for cell evaluation, a simulator was fabricated of which the irradiation non-uniformity is {+-} 1.0% and the spectral agreement is within {+-} 10% in 10 wavebands out of the 16 wavebands. Relating to the development of evaluation technology of large area modules, performance of the spectral irradiance distribution, etc. was improved by modification of the solar simulator, which made accurate measurement possible. In the study of degradation of solar cell modules, exposure tests on various kinds of solar cell modules were continued at 5 sites in Japan, 3 sites in Australia and 1 site in Oman for data collection/analysis. Further, analysis was made of Isc changes in the early stage of exposure, phenomenon of cell's cloudy discoloration, degradation caused by increase in series resistance, etc. As the test method of light accelerated degradation of A-Si solar cell, a brightness cycle test method was developed. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1994 achievement report. Development of photovoltaic power generation system practicalization technology - Development of ultrahigh-efficiency solar cell technology (Development of new photoelectric conversion material technology - Research on future feasibility of wet-type solar cells); Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Chokokoritsu taiyo denchi no gijutsu kaihatsu (shinkoden henkan zairyo no gijutsu kaihatsu (shisshiki taiyo denchi no shoraiteki kanosei no chosa))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-03-01

A survey is conducted of wet-type solar cells that may constitute an important field in solar chemistry. The wet type solar cell made known by Graetzel et al. in 1991 is a combination of ultrafine TiO{sub 2} grains and a sensitizing dye. The ultrafine grain surface structure enlarges the area of an electrode for the absorption of 46% of incident solar radiation of which 80% or more is converted into electric power. The fill factor at 520nm of a cell fabricated for an additional test turns out to be 40% against the 76% mentioned in technical literature, and the conversion efficiency 10%. The Titanyl sulfate is also tested because it is low in price as material for titanium oxide. Functional groups are experimentally introduced for the generation of bonds on the substrate to be effective in the injection of a sensitizing dye. A sensitizing dye with two carboxyl groups and two bipyridine rings as ligand is allowed to be supported by TiO{sub 2}. IR (infrared) spectrometry is performed, and then formation is found of ester-like bonds or chelate bonds due to the interaction of carboxyl groups and the substrate surface. This is enhanced by surface treatment. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1996 on analysis and evaluation of demonstration tests for establishment of residential photovoltaic power generation load leveling technology. Evaluation on durability of device installed with inverter to protect grid connection; 1996 nendo kenkyu hokokusho. Jutaku you taiyoko hatsuden fuka heijunka gijutsu tou kakuritsu jissho shiken ni kansuru kaiseki hyoka - Inbata tsuki keito renkei hogo sochi no taikyusei hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

Discussions and evaluations have been performed on the safety and durability of the device installed with inverter to protect grid connection being an important device in the photovoltaic power generation system. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1996. The current fiscal year performed data collection and long-term continuous operation according to the durability test program for the device installed with inverter to protect grid connection, as the continuation from the previous fiscal year. In the electrical characteristics, although no large changes have been found in AC overvoltage and AC undervoltage, instability was observed in the detection level. With regard to temperatures in different components, the temperature rise has become nearly the same as in the maximum output continuous operation as a result of the repetition of the operation and shutdown, whereas the influence on the electrical and thermal stresses have increased. Particularly, when temperature rise in the AC side noise filter was given observation, the measurement of conductive high-frequency terminal voltage showed a value higher by several ten dB than in the previous fiscal year. The current fiscal year has gone farther to starting the measurement of noise electric field intensity as the base of electromagnetic interference. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1995 on analysis and evaluation of demonstration tests for establishment of residential photovoltaic power generation load leveling technology. Evaluation on durability of device installed with inverter to protect grid connection; 1995 nendo kenkyu hokokusho. Jutaku you taiyoko hatsuden fuka heijunka gijutsu tou kakuritsu jissho shiken ni kansuru kaiseki hyoka - Inbata tsuki keito renkei hogo sochi no taikyusei hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

Discussions and evaluations have been performed on the safety and durability of the device installed with inverter to protect grid connection being an important device in the photovoltaic power generation system. In discussing the durability test items, electrical property changes were observed on AC overvoltage, AC undervoltage, frequency rise, and frequency fall, as the continuation from the previous fiscal year, in order to evaluate temperature rise in different parts due to lapse of operation time and the effects of thermal stress in each component on the stress of the entire product. Furthermore, verification of single operation detecting function, tests on sudden input power change, sudden grid voltage change, and measurement of conductive high frequency terminal voltage were conducted in addition to the above observations. In discussing the durability test methods, repetition of operation and shutdown during the rated operation was adopted in place of the simulated operation using variation in the insolation having been discussed in the previous year. As a result of the tests, no noticeable changes were recognized from the evaluation result after a lapse of 5,000 hours from the start of the operation, as compared to those after the aging operation. (NEDO)

Research report for fiscal 1997 on analysis and evaluation of demonstration tests for establishment of residential photovoltaic power generation load leveling technology. Evaluation on durability of device installed with inverter to protect grid connection; 1997 nendo kenkyu hokokusho. Jutaku you taiyoko hatsuden fuka heijunka gijutsu tou kakuritsu jissho shiken ni kansuru kaiseki hyoka - Inbata tsuki keito renkei hogo sochi no taikyusei hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Tests and discussions have been performed on the safety and durability of the device installed with inverter to protect grid connection, being an important device in the photovoltaic power generation system. The particularly important requirements demanded in the device were specified as maintenance of electric power quality, coordination with the protection system in the grid side, and assurance of safety of personnel and facilities. The current fiscal year has performed operation corresponding to that in the actual field for 20 years in total, and the evaluation tests on electrical characteristics and electric power quality. This paper summarizes the achievements in four years including the results available up to the previous fiscal year. Although no large change has been identified in the electrical characteristics, variance has been found in the detection time of overvoltage in the grid side. With regard to the electric power quality, the value has exceeded 89 dB as the determining condition for the certification test in the conduction interfering waves of 5 kHz to 10 kHz. In addition, it was confirmed that the conductive high-frequency noise terminal voltage in the grid side after the repetition of operations and shutdowns tends to increase according to the operation lapse time. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use. Development of thin film solar cell manufacturing technologies (Development of low-cost large-area module manufacturing technologies, and dessolution deposition process); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu (yokai sekishutsuho))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

With an objective to manufacture low-cost large-area solar cell modules, developmental research has been performed on a film manufacturing technology using the dessolution deposition process. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. The research has been performed on a technology to form a thin silicon film directly on carbon substrates being substrates of different kinds, without using seed crystals. The researches made up to the previous fiscal year has made possible to form the film onto a substrate of about 5-cm square, has fabricated cells although with a small area, and indicated the importance of reducing concentrations of impurities in the solvent metals used. The researches performed during the current fiscal year executed modifications to reduce the temperature distribution in the substrate surfaces, including size increase in the heater, and improvement in the cooling heat conduction mechanism. As a result, films were formed successfully on 7.5-cm square substrates. In reducing the process temperatures, it was made clear that films can be formed at lower than 700 degrees C by using zinc as a solvent metal. Furthermore, the purity enhancement in the solvent metal achieved a conversion efficiency of 11.6% although the area is as small as 3.73 cm{sup 2}. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Development of thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology (Development of low-cost large-area module manufacturing technology - Dissolution/deposition method); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (yokai sekishutsuho)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The aim is to manufacture the above at low cost by a dissolution/deposition method. Under this method, a film is fabricated containing crystals high in quality and large in size though the film area is very small. In fiscal 1998, an effort to fabricate a film to cover a 10cm square substrate failed. The failure is explained by that the heater was too small for the substrate area and that the failure to uniformly heat the substrate resulted in an inplane temperature distribution greater than expected. The furnace was modified in a minor way to narrow substrate temperature distribution as much as possible. Another attempt was made to fabricate a larger-area film on a 5cm square substrate, and then crystals grew to cover approximately the whole surface of the 5cm square substrate. Efforts will continue to achieve the goal. As for the mechanism of film fabrication on substrates of different kinds, self-coating is now described by difference in heat conductivity between a carbon substrate and silicon substrate. Thanks to individual control in a small film fabricating unit, a film thickness of approximately 100 micrometers was achieved. The distance of diffusion was 30 micrometers or more in the case of a small area, and the efficiency of a solar cell using this film was found at 10.2%. (NEDO)

Development of practical application technology for photovoltaic power generation systems in fiscal 1997. Development of technologies to manufacture thin film solar cells, development of technologies to manufacture low-cost large-area modules (dissolution and deposition process); 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (yokai sekishutsuho)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Research and development was performed by noticing on the plasma spraying method as a process that can manufacture thin poly-crystalline silicon films at a high speed. Fiscal 1997 has established a technology that can form a silicon film directly without using seed crystals in an area of 2-cm square on a carbon supported substrate by using a small film manufacturing equipment using the dissolution and deposition process. The size of the crystal is as very large as several hundred {mu}m, by which a possibility of making high-performance solar cells was verified. Discussions were given to apply this technology to large-area substrates, whereas a device was developed, which is capable of forming a film in an area corresponding to 10-cm square. According to a film forming experiment using this device, the film has begun being formed on part of a 10-cm square substrate, verifying the effectiveness of this method. While the film thickness is about 100 {mu}m, it was confirmed that the crystal size will not change even if the thickness is made mechanically as thin as about 50 {mu}m. Further discussions were given on enhancement of wettability by means of coating, and light enclosing structure. (NEDO)

Development of hot water utilizing power plant in fiscal 1999. Development of binary cycle power plant (Development of 10-MW class plant); 1999 nendo nessui riyo hatsuden plant to kaihatsu. Binary cycle hatsuden plant no kaihatsu (10MW kyu plant no kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

With an objective to utilize effectively middle to high temperature hot water type geothermal resources, R and D has been performed on a downhole pump-applied binary cycle power plant which exchanges heat energy with a secondary media in a heat exchanger, and generates electric power. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. This fiscal year has installed an operation control device and made partial modification therein for the hot water system testing device installed in the previous fiscal year, which was followed by test operation. Having been performed in addition were the installation of cooling water collection pumps, improvement of water storage tanks, modification of piping for injection of downhole pump cooling water, inspection of high-temperature cooling device and low-temperature cooling device, and discussions on deposits onto the downhole pumps. Furthermore, an environmental impact survey has performed measurements of precipitation, river flow rates, thermal spring, spring water, noise, and groundwater fluctuation. A survey was also carried out on transplantation of precious plants. In the single and overall test operation of the hot water system testing device, normal operation was identified. However, the operation had to be suspended because of a trouble in the downhole pump. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 development of the geothermal water use power plant, etc. Development of the binary cycle power plant (10MW class plant); 1997 nendo nessui riyo hatsuden plant nado kaihatsu. Binary cycle hatsuden plant no kaihatsu (10MW kyu plant no kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

A R and D was conducted with the aim of using medium-/high-temperature hot water type geothermal resources. In fiscal 1997, fabrication of geothermal water system testing equipment and geothermal water production/reduction piping installation work were conducted, and an environmental effect survey and ground water variation observation were carried out. Moreover, pumps to pump up geothermal water were fabricated. In the fabrication of a pump for No. 3 demonstration plant, the following improvements were made. Concerning the inlet undersea bearing, the shapes related to it were so reformed that external water feeding in the initial run can be done. Relating to the protection of the thrust bearing half load side friction face, a spring was added to the face so that it was structured to give preload. As a method to install a casing covering board, adopted was a band installation method which is easy in handling. The number of instrumentation cables was reduced. As to cables for downhole pumps, studied were methods of connection, etc. of connection portions of the motor connector and instrumentation cable. Moreover, purifying/regeneration facilities of the downhole pump bearing oil were fabricated and tested. 85 figs., 57 tabs.

Fiscal 1980 Sunshine Project research report. Development of hydrothermal power plant (Development of binary cycle power plant). Supplement. Research on plant technology; 1980 nendo nessui riyo hatsuden plant no kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Binary cycle hatsuden palnt no kaihatsu bessatsu (plant gijutsu kenkyu chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1981-03-01

Research was made on new geothermal power plant technologies such as downhole pump and dual boiler for development of the 10MW class binary cycle power plant using geothermal energy. In heat cycle calculation of dual boilers, the cycle performance of a subcritical multi-stage evaporation cycle with R-114 heat medium was obtained through cycle calculation, heat conduction calculation and profitability calculation. The calculation result suggested possible considerable reduction of heat loss due to heat exchange at a preheater and evaporator, and considerable reduction of discharge loss of hot water by such multi-stage evaporation cycle. In American, every geothermal binary cycle power plant adopts pressurized heat exchange between hot water and heat medium by using downhole pumps, and pressurized reinjection of hot water into the ground. Since downhole pump itself not yet satisfies its requirements enough, it is said that Department of Energy is now under consideration on the future R and D. (NEDO)

Earthquake resistant measures of existing structures by TRTA; Eidan chikatetsu ni okeru kisetsu doboku kozobutsu no taishin taisaku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyata, N.

1997-08-10

Seismic countermeasures for the existing structures are introduced on the main item: reinforcement of open-cut tunnel RC center pillars as well as on reinforcement of rigid frame viaduct pillars and installation of a device for prevention of viaduct falling. First, for reinforcing open-cut tunnel center pillars, design was devised so as to be suitable to construction environment in the subway yard. Important reinforcement materials are steel and filling materials; SS and a self-leveling material for building construction were chosen. The following construction work procedures are explained based on the actual construction: removal of interior materials of existing pillars and measurement of the actual size, high pressure water washing, steel plate fabrication, plate delivery to the yard, installation of steel plates, filler filling, painting. Next, on reinforcement of viaduct pillars on the ground, the reinforcement design concept is basically same as in the open-cut tunnel. Points of difference in design and construction are explained. On the countermeasure for prevention of viaduct falling for girder bridges without the falling prevention, countermeasure investigation and design work or installation work are being carried out. Seismic resistance evaluation and design of existing bridges, and construction work are explained. 13 figs., 1 tab.

Studies on energy system for an energy-saving society; Sho energy gata shakai ni okeru energy system kento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

The system to which new energy technology and energy saving technology were introduced was constructed for case studies of urban areas including core cities and the peripheral areas, and the quantitative analysis was conducted on environmental effects, etc. In the energy supply system model, the following element technologies were all considered: cogeneration system, sewage water heat, river water heat, the photovoltaic power generation, energy storage/heat storage/cold heat storage, adsorption type refrigerator, etc. Also considered were power interchange between clusters, system power buying/power selling, heat interchange or no heat interchange, etc. As a result, it was found that when constructing the energy system which synthetically takes into account thermoelectric ratios, rates of simultaneous loads, ratios of daytime/nighttime in the energy supply and demand in the urban area, the energy saving effect multiplicatively increases, and the energy system using cogeneration and unused energy such as refuse and sewage in the urban area and river water brings an energy saving effect of 32% especially in the concentrated cluster. 83 figs., 45 tabs.

Studies on reactivity of coal surfaces at low temperature; Teion ni okeru sekitan hyomen no hannosei no kento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yasuda, H.; Kaiho, M.; Yamada, O.; Soneda, Y.; Kobayashi, M.; Makino, M. [National Institute for Resources and Environment, Tsukuba (Japan)

1996-10-28

With an objective to learn reactivity of coal at its surface, surfaces of oxidized coal samples were investigated. Miike coal was oxidized by using {sup 18}O2 in a closed loop system. As the reaction progresses, proportion of CO2 including isotopes increased rapidly as a result of oxidation of CO sites existing in the coal and the newly generated C{sup 18}O sites. The oxidizing reaction progressed via oxygen adsorbing sites generated near the surface, and oxygen containing groups. An FT-IR analysis estimated the depth of the oxidized layer to be 10{mu}m or less from particle surface. The oxidized coal was pulverized to see its surface condition. Functional groups introduced by the oxidation enter into the vicinity of the surface in a form to desorb as CO. CO2 is trapped in inner pores. The coal surface was observed by using an atomic force microscope. No observable openings in the pore structure were discerned on the surface before the oxidation, and the structure agrees with a closed pore model. Surface image oxidized in-situ by oxygen for one hour had slight roundness, which led to a supposition of structural change, and changes in the functional group and adsorption species. 7 refs., 5 figs.

R and D contract management systems in the USA; Beikoku ni okeru R and D contract kanri system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-02-01

Outlined herein are the US Government's R and D contract management, which is considered to have greatly contributed to promotion of innovation in the USA. The procedures for the R and D contracts are managed through the mechanisms of the (government procurement), following the FAR (Federal Acquisition Regulations) that govern the government procurement rules. The procedural flow includes planning, public announcement of inviting the application documents, examination of the applications, negotiations, granting the fund, project management, suspension of the project and completion of the project. The audition sometimes takes several years to complete. The staff managing the individual contract is fairly specialized, and a team consisting of several professionals is responsible for each project. The substantial lifetime training systems the contract officers can receive are established. The alternative contract system encourages the applications from consortiums, and private enterprises frequently tie up with academic organizations to apply for the funds. Granting the funds to consortiums have many advantages, e.g., cost sharing and technological transfer. (NEDO)

Consideration on characteristics of faults distributed at around Fujigawa river mouth; Fujigawa kako shuhen ni okeru danso kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iwashita, A; Misawa, Y [Tokai University, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-22

From the sonic prospecting on the ground, it was confirmed that faults distributed in the inner part of Suruga Bay extend near the Fujigawa river mouth. While, faults in the sea bottom were found by the sonic prospecting using a single air-gun. However, continuity of faults running from the land to the sea has not been reported. This paper describes the continuity of Fujigawa fault system running from the land to the sea around Fujigawa river mouth along the subduction zone of Philippine Sea Plate using single air-gun seismic reflection records. Locations of the faults can be expressed as fracture information of linearment obtained from the satellite remote sensing images, which agreed well with those found by the Active Fault Research Association. As a result of the image processing, they agreed distinctly with the topography of Fujigawa fault system. Thus, much more accurate analysis can be performed by comparing the regional information by the remote sensing with the sonic seismic reflection profiles. 3 refs., 2 figs.

MT2-D inversion analysis in Kakkonda geothermal field; Kakkonda chinetsu chiiki ni okeru MT ho nijigen kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamane, K; Takasugi, S [Geothermal Energy Research and Development Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Miyazaki, S [Japan Metals and Chemicals Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Uchida, T [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo, (Japan)

1996-05-01

Data, collected from an MT method-assisted survey conducted in the Kakkonda geothermal region in 1987, was re-examined, and a new structure was found. The review was carried out by use of a 2D analysis in the TM mode. According to the 1D analysis of 1987 and the geological data gathered then, it is estimated that the resistivity structure of this region runs in the northwest-southeast direction. A northeast-southwest traverse line was set for this analysis, orthogonal to the strike, and the impedance at each observation spot was caused to rotate to this direction across the whole range of frequency. Furthermore, in 1994-95, surveys were conducted using arrayed CSMT/MT methods. All these sum up to indicate that a high-resistivity region extends northwest in the southwestern part of the Kakkonda river but that there exists a low-resistivity region of several 10 Ohm m centering about the B traverse line. The high-resistivity region deep in the ground being the target of excavation in the Kakkonda region, to collect knowledge about this high-resistivity is important, and here the effectiveness of the 2d analysis has been verified. 5 refs., 11 figs.

On-line sensor technology for food manufacturing industry. Shokuhin bun prime ya ni okeru on-line sensor gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Komiya, K. (Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Tokyo (Japan))

1990-08-05

This paper introduced the sensor technology for food manufacturing industry. If sugar concentration in main raw material is too high in the amino acid fermentation, control of the concentration is required because fungi growth is inhibited. A controlling method for sugar concentration was developed by using the correlation between consumption of NH {sub 3} for pH adjustment and sugar consumption in place of conventional analyzing method and was introduced in the gulutamic acid fermantation. BOD sensor was developed to enable the selective measurement of organic substances which can be processed by organisms, and measuring time was shortened from previous five days to 30 minutes. Since many organics absorb infrared ray, near infrared analysis is suitable for food analysis and on-line analysis has high possibility. When this method is applied to measure moisture in fishes and meats, continuous measurement can be made nondestructively and without contacting, and further the precision is {plus minus} 0.1%. Simultaneous multi-composition analyses are carried out by continuous spectrum and near infrared method using higher rate scanning. Sensor development for taste and smell has started. 10 refs., 4 figs., 4 refs.

Noise and vibration reduction technology in hybrid vehicle development; Hybrid sha kaihatsu ni okeru shindo soon teigen gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoshioa, T.; Sugita, H. [Toyota Motor Corp., Aichi (Japan)

2000-03-01

Accomplishing both environmental protection and good NVH performance has become a significant task in automotive development The first-in-the-world hybrid passenger car of mass production. 'Prius', has achieved superior NV performance compared with conventional vehicles with a 1.5-liter engine along with 50% reduction of fuel consumption and CO{sub 2} emissions. low HC, CO and NO{sub x} emissions. This paper describes NV reduction technology for solving problems peculiar to the hybrid vehicle such as engine start/stop vibration, drone noise at low engine speed and motor/generator noise and vibration. It also mentions application technology of low rolling resistance tires with light weight wheels and recycled material for sound proofing. (author)

Making of composite type energy introduction models in cities; Toshi ni okeru fukugogata energy donyu model no sakusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The paper made and studied simulation models in case of introducing new energy of composite type to cities. In the study, using a standard composition unit of city as a cluster, the compositional element was divided into 25 cells, which were divided into the residence superiority cell and the business superiority cell. The residence superiority cell was divided into highrise and lowrise. The calculation program is to simulate effects of introducing new energy such as the photovoltaic power generation, solar energy utilization, waste power generation, cogeneration, and unused energy like river water and waste water. Using the program, the analysis of sensitivity was conducted concerning how the outputs will change according to differences in energy consuming composition in the urban area. The calculation was conducted concerning local cities of the warm area, local cities of the cold area, local cities of the subtropical area, residence/working-place neighboring core cities in the warm area, central areas of large cities of the warm area, and new towns of the warm area. 28 figs., 27 tabs.

Estimation of the thermal stress in the coke layer. Kanryu katei ni okeru kokusu sonai netsuoryoku no suisan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miura, Takatsoshi; Yoshino, Hiroyuki; Saito, Shozaburo; Otani, Shigemori [Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1989-12-20

Fissures which are formed in coke ovens are an important factor which exerts influences not only on the quality of coke but also on consumed energy such as thermal transfer. An estimation method of thermal stress distribution in the coke layer which is important to determine these fissures was, therefore, proposed, and the propriety of the method was demonstrated in comparison with the experiment results by X-ray computerized tomography. In the analysis model, heat fluxes from the upper part of the carbonization room and from the heating wall were regarded the same, and the temperature field was obtained by formulating the non-steady heat conduction equation to the finite element method by Galerkin scheme. The stress field was presumed to be an elastic flat field, and it was formulated to the finite element method by the incremental theory. Following investigation results were obtained and thus the propriety of this method was demonstrated. The formation position of principal tensile stress calculated and the formation position of fissures observed by X-ray computerized tomography had a corresponding relation. According to the calculation, with the increase of heating rate, principal tensile stress was increased; and that accounted for experiment results. Estimated results of thermal stress in the layer varied depending on the coal's value of property of the matter. 8 refs., 15 figs., 2 tabs.

Deep sedimentary structure model beneath the Osaka plain; Osaka heiya ni okeru shinbu chika kozo no model ka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyakoshi, K; Kagawa, T; Echigo, T [Osaka Soil Test, Osaka (Japan)

1997-05-27

Restructuring was carried out on a sedimentary basin structure model of the Osaka plain including Osaka Bay by using newly obtained underground structural data. After the Hygoken-nanbu Earthquake of 1995, a large number of underground structure investigations have been performed in Osaka Bay and urban areas of Kobe and Osaka. However, very few surveys have been done in areas peripheral to Osaka Prefecture, such as the Ikoma area. Therefore, an attempt has been made to increase the number of measuring points to acquire underground structural data of these areas. Estimation of basic rock depths has utilized the dominant cycles in H/V spectra obtained from micro vibration survey, and good correlation of the base rock depths derived by a refraction exploration and a deep-bed boring investigation. With regard to bed division and P- and S- wave velocities in sedimentary beds in the Osaka sedimentary basin, an underground structure model was prepared, which was divided into four beds according to the refraction exploration and the micro vibration investigation. Data obtained by using this model agreed well with depth data acquired from physical exploration and other types of investigations. However, no good agreement was recognized in the data for such areas where the basic depth changes abruptly as the Rokko fault and the Osaka bay fault. 6 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

Cracking control in mass concrete for three gorges dam; Sankyo damu ni okeru masu konkurito no hibiware yokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chu, CHuanying

1999-09-10

The provisional cofferdam work of the mainstream of Three Gorges Dam project was successfully finished on November 8, 1997. Now, the work enters its second stage, and the placing of large-scale concrete was started. The total quantity of concrete used in this project reaches 15.00 million m{sup 3}. Inhibition of dam concrete cracking is an important subject. In order to manufacture concrete with good crack-resistance, cements, fly ashes, aggregates and blending agents are strictly selected; and hydration-generating heat is reduced by means of strict temperature control, precooling of aggregates, reduction of placing temperature and concrete temperature in mixers, and the like. As a consequence of maintaining the highest temperature value in concrete blocks to be lower than a predetermined value, harmful cracks can be prevented from occurring when the temperature in the dam lowers. (NEDO)

Power feeding to terminal devices in optical subscriber network; Hikari fuaiba tsushin ni okeru tanmatsu kiki eno kyuden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamasaki, M

1998-09-01

This paper outlines present state of the feeding system in the light access system in consideration of backup in case of home power failure. In the optical communication, equipment with bilateral conversion function for light and electricity has to be installed both on communication service side and home side. Outline of the light access system and equipment requiring backup are shown. The following items are explained: main types of the light access system, such as FTTC (fiber to the curb), FTTP (fiber to the pole), FTTH (fiber to the home) and HFC (hybrid fiber coax), and the feeding system; problems on feeding system for the light access system. Key elements of ONU (optical network unit) for FTTH and construction of the ONU power source are illustrated. The ONU power source is composed of a backup power supply unit and main body supply unit. Backup power is indispensable to the ONU and analog telephones: output is supplied by the backup batteries in power failure. For miniaturization of the backup power source, power supply circuits and backup batteries have to be miniaturized simultaneously. History of miniaturization is explained on the experimental models. 6 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

Water monitoring and its information management system in China; Chugoku ni okeru suishitsu monitoring to joho kanri system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quan, H.

1996-01-10

This paper summarizes the water monitoring system (WMS) in China applied mainly to surface water and operated within the competence of the Environmental Protection Agency. The WMS consists of a national water monitoring network and a water information system that monitors surface water periodically. The WMS comprises water monitoring stations classified from class 1 to class 4, which are located in 2,222 locations. Stations from class 1 to class 3 are operated by using computers, but class 4 stations are still incapable to use floppy disks to perform information transmission. When an information management system is completed at the China-Japan Friendship Environmental Protection Center being constructed by gratis assistance from the Japanese Government, transmission of water quality data will become possible by means of the cable line system in addition to the table system and the floppy system. The water quality data are published to general people in the forms of Chinese gazette for the environmental conditions, the environment yearbook, and the reports on environmental quality. However, the more important is to publish more publications to make people aware of the actual state of water pollution and have them cooperate in environment preservation. 4 refs., 1 fig.

Utilization of dietary lipid in young and immature Japanese flounder; Hirame wakagyo, miwseigyo shiryoni okeru shibo no riyono

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kikuchi, K.; Furuta, T.

2000-02-01

Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and body composition of Japanese flounder were examined. Young fish of about 55 g in initial body weight were fed six extruded diets with dietary protein levels of 45 and 55% and three lipid levels each to satiation twice daily. 6 days a week for 12 weeks at 20 degree C with triplicate groups per dietary treatment. Four diets with the same protein level (45 and 55 %) and two lipid levels each were supplied to immature fish of 240 g of initial body weight for 20 weeks with duplicate groups per treatment. The final body weight and weight gain of young fish fed the diets containing 55 %protein were higher than those of fish fed the 45 % protein diets, although both parameters were statistically identical among dietary treatments. The dietary lipid level did not affect these parameters regardless of the protein level. Protein efficiency ratio improved as the lipid level of the diet increased in the 55 % protein diets. The growth of immature fish fed the diet with 55 % protein and the lowest lipid level was higher than that in the other dietary treatment. However, protein efficiency ratio was the highest in the dietary group with 45 % protein and the highest lipid level. Both in two feeding trials, triglyceride content of the cultured fish increased depending on the dietary lipid level, while the other hematological and hematochemical parameters were not affected seriously by the dietary composition. Liver weight and hepato-somatic index of the cultured fish tended to increase in accordance with increasing dietary lipid level both in two trials. Crude lipid content of the li8ver and digestive tract appeared to depend on dietary lipid level. The diet containing 45 % protein and the highest lipid level resulted in significantly higher crude lipid content of the eye-side muscle as well as Engawa muscle of the cultured fish than those in the other dietary groups. (author)

How to evaluate the carbon cycle in coral-reef ecosystems. Sangosho ni okeru sanso junkan kenkyu no kadai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamamuro, M [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan)

1993-05-01

This paper describes problems concerning carbon balance and nutrient salt in coral reefs. Coral reefs fix CO2 in two forms of organic matters and calcium carbonates. It is reported that 10% of organic matters fixed by photosynthesis may either be buried in deposits on coral reefs or flow out into open seas. Quantification of the carbon balance in coral reefs has a problem of handling organic matters in calcium carbonate skeletons as products, and a problem related to evaluation of organic matters flown out from ecological systems. Corals provide, through building foundations at shallow depths, living organisms carrying out photosynthesis with locations abundant in quantity of light. Coral reefs are thought to accumulate nutrients in their skeletons or in the foundations for deposits. They would hold nitrogen in them through nitrogen fixation, and maintain phosphor production at high levels by retaining nitrogen-to-phosphor ratio which is relatively lower than in other ecological systems. Coral reefs provide foundations to transparent sea water with extremely small amount of phytoplankton, and favorable environment for large-size animals and algae. 21 refs., 2 figs.

Report of results of contract research. 'Research on magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) generation'; MHD hatsuden system no kenkyu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1980-03-01

Examination was conducted in detail on an MHD generation system by coal combustion, with the results reported. Concerning a gas table calculation program in coal combustion, it was prepared assuming 100% slag removal ratio in the combustor as the primary approximation. A combustor for MHD generation needs to efficiently burn fuel using high temperature pre-heated air as the oxidant, to fully dissociate/electrolytically dissociate seed, and to supply to the generation channel a high speed combustion gas plasma having a high electrical conductivity which is required for MHD generation. This year, an examination was conducted on technological problems in burning coal in an MHD combustor. As for the NOx elimination system in an MHD generation plant, an examination was made if the method studied so far in MHD generation using heavy oil as the fuel is applicable to coal. Also investigated and reviewed were various characteristics, change in physical properties, recovery method, etc., in a mixed state of seed and slag in the case of coal combustion MHD. (NEDO)

Experience with a biomass-fuelled power plant in Peru. Peru kokunai no biomass nenryoka no hatsuden plant no keiken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1992-11-01

This paper describes the result of operating a 25-kW biomass-fuelled power plant for 500 hours installed for people in a small village in jungle along the Amazon basin in Peru. The gasifier plant consists of two invert type gas combustors combined with series cyclone dryer filters. Filtration used activated carbons and cotton cloths. The fuel for the plant is wood chips containing water at 5.5% to 11% with calorific power of 20 mJ/kg, consumed at 2.0 kg of lumber per kWh (25 kWh). A gas analysis showed values of CO2 at 13%, CO at 14%, H2 at 18%, CH4 at 3%, and N2 at 52%. Because the fuel of wood chips may cause problems if the size is too large, a size of about 10[times]20[times]30 mm was selected finally. Pressure drop in the gas purifying system was measured using a manometer, which verified that a textile filtering material can be used. The gasoline engine rotation was fixed at 2700 rpm upon discussions. The gasoline engine had no need of modification except at a pipe to the carburetor. This system can be installed at any small village. 1 ref., 1 fig.

Report of high efficiency waste power generation technology development in 1995; Kokoritsu haikibutsu hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu (1995 nendo hokokusho)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

High temperature and high pressure steam has been investigated for the high efficiency waste power generation technology development. The steam temperature below 300 centigrade is currently employed to avoid the corrosion of superheater, and the generating efficiency is less than 15%. Practical application of 500 centigrade and 100 kg/cm{sup 2} is planned by developing corrosion resistance materials. Environmental load reduction technology has been also developed. For the external circulation type fluidized bed furnace combustion tests using dummy waste in fiscal 1995, the temperature control at bag filter was effective for suppressing the dioxins. When using waste plastics, HCl could be reduced by blowing Ca compounds. Various Cr-Ni-Mo-based alloys have been developed as a corrosion resistance superheater tube material, and are currently tested. For the environmental load reduction technology, the development of pulse plasma exhaust gas treatment method has been continued from fiscal 1993. In fiscal 1995, this method was confirmed using a small-scale test unit, and also tested using a 5000 Nm{sup 3}/h bench-scale unit. The removal rates of dioxins at the outlet of bag filter were 99.8% and 99.3%, respectively. They were found to be affected greatly by the pulse waveform. 13 refs., 107 figs., 24 tabs.

Development of hot water utilizing power plant in fiscal 1998. Development of a binary cycle power generation plant (development of a 10-MW class plant); 1998 nendo nessui riyo hatsuden plant nado kaihatsu. Binary cycle hatsuden plant no kaihatsu (10MW kyu plant no kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1998 on developing a 10-MW geothermal power plant in the Hohi-Sugawara area being a representative area of middle-to-high temperature hot water resources. In designing the plant, domestic and overseas surveys were carried out on media suitable for binary cycle power plants, thermal cycle characteristics, construction cost, environmental effects, safety, operation, maintenance and control. Latest technologies were also surveyed and analyzed. The plant construction performed development construction around the testing devices, new construction of a plant control room building, constructions for installing electrical machines including the hot water system testing devices, river water intake facility construction, and cooling water intake facility installing construction. The environmental effect investigation included investigations on rain falls, river flow rates, hot springs, spring water, monitoring during the construction, and the state of transplantation of precious plants, and observation on groundwater variation. In verifying the geothermal water pumping system, factory tests were carried out on DHP3 demonstration machine which couples the pump section of a down-hole pump with the motor section, whose performance and functions were verified. (NEDO)

FY 1994 report on the results of the development of a large wind power system. Development of control technology of the array type wind power system; 1994 nendo ogata furyoku hatsuden system kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Shugogata furyoku hatsuden system no seigyo gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-09-01

This technology development aims at developing the design technology of the array type wind power system and the control technology to efficiently operate the system. As a result, the wind turbine produced by Micon was selected. The rated power is 100kW, and the number of the wind turbine is three. The three-phase short-circuit capacity at the generating end of the wind power generation facilities is 26,25 MVA, which can fully be broken. A simulation of voltage variation/frequency variation was made to grasp various phenomena of the output of the wind power system influencing the power source system and power distribution system. As a result, it was confirmed that it is possible to operate the system safely without lowering the quality of power. As to the overall monitor/control system which controls wind turbines, five wind turbines as many as possible are grid-interconnected and the number of wind turbine is to be controlled by a ratio of the total demand power to the gross generating output of wind power in the Miyako system, for the purpose of increasing the rate of equipment utilization of the wind power system also at the time of the lowest load of the Miyako system. In the operation of two-system interconnection, the gross power generating amount was 1,321,250 kWh, which increased 9.7% over the results in FY 1993. (NEDO)

Trend of advanced technology of micromachines in the USA; Beikoku ni okeru micro machine sentan gijutsu doko chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

In this research, the data of advanced technology of micromachines in the USA have been searched, collected, and arranged from the US patent information, technical journal information, and newspaper and general journal information. According to demand, the main undertaking information was interviewed from well-informed persons. The data were compiled as advanced technology trend of micromachines in the USA. Sensors are remarkably predominant in the elemental technology. There are also important topics in the fields of actuators, motors, lenses, devices, and structures. On the other hand, materials, etchings, packages, motive powers, and softwares are also important elemental technology in spite of their less information. From the viewpoint of usage, detection systems are remarkably predominant. Then, robots, processing systems, optics, analysis systems, motive power systems, medical systems, and acoustic systems are also important. From the viewpoint of industrial sector, the environmental items are predominant. Automobiles, medical treatments, and information communications follow the above. When new relationships to the secondary usage and tertiary usage are not found, it would be rather hard to express such a technology development trend more clearly.

Fresh Vegetables in the food service Industry its purchasing system; Gaishoku sangyo ni okeru seisen seikabutsu no chotatsu shisutemu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oda, K. [Food Service Industry Survey and Research Center, Tokyo (Japan)

1999-09-05

The environment which surrounds production, distribution, consumption of vegetables changes. A demand for the business a household economy demand of vegetables stagnates by the increase of eating out and lunches demand in the food consumption as a long-term tendency, and the tendency as vigorousness continues. In addition, a demand for domestic organic and special cultivation vegetables from the increase of the healthy and safe orientation of the consumer heightens. In this paper, what kind of new movement occurs in environmental change which surrounds these vegetables is arranged. (NEDO)

Change of unit skeletons during an artificial coalification; Jinko sekitanka katei ni okeru tan`i kokkaku kozo no henka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugimoto, Y.; Miki, Y.; Hayamizu, K. [National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Tsukuba (Japan); Okada, K. [Coal Mining Research Center, Tokyo (Japan); Suzuki, Y. [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan)

1996-10-28

In order to obtain knowledge about formation and growth of condensed ring structure in a coalification process, discussions were given on product skeleton structure by using hydrogenation and hydrocracking of heated cellulose. In underwater heating of cellulose, reaction of dehydration has occurred at 200{degree}C or lower, that of decarbonation at 250{degree}C or higher, and that of demethanizing at 300{degree}C, resulting in production of a dark-brown coal-like substance. The substance has lower H/C value and higher O/C value than coal. As the underwater heating temperature rises, the hydrogenation reactivity of the heated substance decreases, and so does the ratio of conversion into toluene solubles. These phenomena are related to strength of cross-linking bond between unit skeleton structures. A substance heated at an underwater heating temperature of 200{degree}C turns toluene-soluble almost completely even during the hydrogenation reaction (350{degree}C for 2 hours), but the soluble product decreases at underwater heating temperatures of 250 and 300{degree}C. However, soluble product of more than 90% was obtained when hydrocracking (at 425{degree}C for one hour) was performed. The toluene-soluble product in the heated substance is only 50% when the underwater heating temperature reaches 350{degree}C even if the hydrocracking is carried out. 3 refs., 5 figs.

Possibility of EV with solar cells on the new traffic system; Shinkotsu system ni okeru solar car no kanosei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fujii, I; Kojima, S [Meiji University, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

A possibility of a new traffic system was studied for a solar car which is light in weight, small in size and low in speed (cruising speed: 20 km/h) and does not need so much power because of the use for short distance. In the new traffic system, people travel short distance in city by solar car, and use trains for travel between cities. By installing solar cells on roofs, etc. of houses and buildings such as garages around stations, power needed for solar car and incidentally required can be supplied. Assuming the short distance transportation, the car is for one person with a height of luggage space of 70cm, mean length of 165cm, and floor height of 50cm above the ground. In case that the power generation by solar cells (256.5W) is at maximum with no shading during travel on conditions of load weight of 10kg, personnel weight of 70kg, and total weight of 250kg, it was found that solar cells can supply 89% of the required output under test road travel at speed of 20 km/h. A viability of the solar car proposed here is great. A possibility at the time of mode road travel is also studied. 10 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.

Water quality and water pollution sources in Poyang lake, China; Poyang ko ni okeru suishitsu chosa to odakugen kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ito, M. [Shin-Nippon Meteorological and Oceanographical Consultant Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-01-10

This paper summarizes the current status of water quality and pollution sources in Poyang Lake in China. The lake is located in Chianghsi Province of China, and a largest fresh water lake in China that flows out into the Yangtze river. The basin is surrounded by mountains on three sides and faces the Yangtze on one side, whereas the plains formed by the lake and the rivers flowing in extends in the center of the basin. The plains around the lake has the city of Nanchang, the capital of the province, the city of Jiujiang (both cities have a population of about 4 million, respectively), and four other cities with a size of one million people including Jingdezhen. Water supply system in the basin is used in a 37% area of the urban areas, and no sewage facilities of whatsoever are available as of 1991. The lake has COD of about 3 mg{times}1/l. No severe pollution by organic matters is seen. While the T-P concentration is at a high level, PO4-P is low. Majority of phosphorus flowing into the basin exists in the form trapped in soil particles. In order to maintain the current water quality in the future, waste water treatment is required in the basin. Construction of an oxidation pond in the vast land exposed during the drought period is a measure that can be tackled relatively easily. 1 fig., 4 tabs.

Hydrogenolysis reactions characteristics of deashed coal under low temperature; Teionka ni okeru dakkai shoritan no suisoka bunkai hanno tokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Owada, T.; Mashimo, K.; Wainai, T. [Nihon University, Tokyo (Japan). College of Science and Technology

1996-10-28

In relation to coal liquefaction, the effect of inorganic minerals on liquefaction reactivity and the effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment on organic molecular structure of coals were studied by demineralization of low-rank coals in HCl or HF solution. In experiment, Taiheiyo coal specimen was deashed in HCl solution at 25-70{degree}C for 6 hours while agitating, and in addition, deashed in HF solution. Hydrogenolysis of the deashed coal specimen was conducted using tetralin or methylnaphthalene as solvent under initial hydrogen pressure of 1.96MPa at reaction temperature of 693K for 60min. The experimental results are as follows. The ash content of Taiheiyo coal hardly offers catalysis in hydrogenolysis reaction. Carboxyl group increases in demineralization of coal because of breakage of bridged bonds. Organic structure of coal changes by demineralization in dense HF solution. Change in organic structure of coal by demineralization in dense HF solution is dependent on treatment temperature. 2 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

Analysis of fuel spray characteristics for premixed lean diesel combustion; Kihaku yokongo diesel kikan ni okeru nenryo funmu kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sasaki, S; Harada, a; Miyamoto, T; Akagawa, H; Tsujimura, K

1997-10-01

Premixed lean diesel combustion (PREDIC) makes it possible to achieve low NOx emission. It is an important factor to make the homogeneous spray formation for PREDIC. In this paper presents I the effect of the spray dispersion on emission characteristic were analyzed with the spray observation and engine test. Pintle type nozzle, which has different feature from orifice type nozzle, are used to form the hollow cone spray. As a result, the pintle type nozzle having grooves to generate the swirl flow, makes the reduced penetration in comparison with the hole nozzle under low ambient gas pressure. And it could improve THC, CO emissions at low NOx emission condition. 7 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.

Investigations on steel slag re-utilization in developing countries; Hatten tojokoku ni okeru tekko slag sairiyo ni kansuru chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

In order to promote steel slag re-utilization in developing countries, a possibility was presented for technical cooperation to India, Indonesia and Thailand upon putting the status of slag utilization in Japan into order. Blast furnace slag produced in Japan (having a re-utilization rate of 95%) is re-utilized and processed as cement aggregates and road beds, and converter slag as civil engineering materials and ores. Steel making slag (having a re-utilization rate of 80%) is re-utilized as road, processing and civil engineering materials. Since the steel making slag faces intensifying competition with ash made by incinerating construction and general wastes, it is important to improve its price competitiveness or mixed utilization with other materials. Re-utilization has not advanced to a recognizable level in developing countries because of having no difficulty for availability of lands for wastes. However, growth of full-scale steel industries and elevation in tendency of environment preservation now urge increase in the slag re-utilization rate. Required to achieve the goal would include wider use of re-utilization technologies, quality control on slag, joint use of facilities to produce re-utilization products, and governmental assistance on burdens of transportation cost. Assistance from Japan is expected to help meet these requirements. 25 figs., 31 tabs.

Roles of major organizations in EC for decision making. EC no ishi kettei ni okeru shuyo kikan no yakuwari

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kodama, M.

1992-12-01

This paper considers authorization powers held by the major organizations in the EC, with the Maastricht Treaty kept in mind. One of the objectives of establishing the EC is to harmonize and develop the economic activities in the community on the whole, and promote making closer the relations among the member nations. The EC's supernationality has two aspects: finances (using financial sources from externally common tariffs as the EC's independent financial resources) and legislations (member nations delegating their own powers to the international organization). Organizations involving in the EC legislations are the European Assembly, the board of ministers, and the EC Committee. The Assembly has deciding powers at high levels on the EC budget decision, as well as vetoing power on the budget. The board of ministers is provided with deciding powers to assure achievement of the objectives defined in the official requirements. The Committee has a supernational character that each committee member can act independently free from being subjected to orders from his or her native country. Practically, however, the authorization relationship among the organizations has confrontations over the interests of the organizations and member nations. There have been such movements in this situation as the Luxemburg compromises, actions at the agricultural ministers meeting, and preparation of the unified European protocol. 2 figs., 4 tabs.

High-resolution S-wave reflection survey in a linear depression; Senjo kubochi ni okeru kobunkaino S ha hanshaho tansa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inazaki, T [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Sasaki, Y [Kyushu Regional Construction Bureau, Fukuoka (Japan)

1997-10-22

An attempt was made to apply a method combining the high-resolution S-wave reflection survey with boring to a fault survey at the Kuju town, Oita Prefecture. The investigation area has a linear depression area as small as about 600 m from east to west and about 100 m from north to south surround by mountain slopes. The boundary section with mountain peaks at the north ridge of the depression area is linear, and existence of a southward falling normal fault has been indicated. The seismic investigation has employed an artificial plank hammering method, and the derived data were processed by using the processing software, Vista for Windows. The Bin interval was 25 cm, the S-wave velocity ranged from 100 to 150 m/s, and the spatial resolution was estimated at several ten centimeters or less. The resolution is thought sufficient for assessing the fault location and displacement. The acquired depth cross sections presented distinct structural discontinuity, from which the fault locations were estimated. However, for displacements in the base bed and upper beds, the reflected waves fell into disorder at the faults, having made a detailed assessment difficult. 4 figs., 1 tab.

Subjects on geochemical technology for geothermal power plant. Chinetsu hatsudensho ni okeru kagaku kanri gijutsu ni kansuru shomondai. 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hirowatari, K [Kyushu Electric Power Co. Ltd., Fukuoka (Japan)

1991-04-30

This paper introduces the following technologies and countermeasures found to be successful in solving geochemical problems relating to the maintenance and management of geothermal power plants belonging to Kyushu Electric Power Co., Ltd. In controlling condensate properties,curtailment of pH fluctuation range by changing the injection point of NaOH,inactivation of sulphur bacteria by using chloramphenicol and prevention of slime loading of the condenser strainer by running of the cooling tower without make-up water were achieved. In the environmental countermeasures,it was concluded that Fe-ion injection method was most effective to remove As out of waste hot waters which are all reinjected into the underground formation now. By understanding the characteristics of the well eruption fluids,the attenuation mechanism of steam producing wells could be estimated, which were interference,re-eruption and degradation of the reservoir temperature caused by the reinjected hot waters. And the problems associated with the attenuation of steam producing wells have been solved fundamentally by taking proper countermeasures to eliminate the influence of reinjected hot waters. The atteunuation of reinjection well was found to be caused dominantly by silica loading at the permeable zone of wellbore and to be effectively solved by high temperature reinjection of the waste hot waters, controlling of temp. degradation of hot waters to be reinjected and prevention of air mixing. After applying proper countermeasures, the attunuation rate of the reinjection well has been fairly improved. 13 refs., 21 figs., 2 tabs.

On noise, traffic and factory vibrations in Akita city; Akitashi ni okeru soon oyobi kotsu kojo shindo ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nogoshi, M; Kikuchi, T; Morino, T; Sannohe, M [Akita University, Akita (Japan). College of Education

1996-05-01

Noise and vibration were measured in Akita City. In 1994, noise and traffic-caused vibration were measured along the trunk lines and other roads across the entire Akita City area. In 1995, the effort centered on the Ibarashima manufacturing quarters, the important source of noise and vibration in Akita city. The general-purpose noise meter LA-220S was used to measure noise and the vibration level meter VR-5100 was used to measure vibration. The results of noise measurement carried out at 122 points in Akita City indicated that the noise level was high along Route 7, Route 13, and the southern line belonging to the newly built national highway, marking the highest of approximately 74dB. As compared with the measurement made in 1968, the value was higher by 3-13dB. A roughly similar trend was seen in vibration. The noise level measurement of 1995 accomplished at 100 points in the vicinity of Ibarashima district indicated that the factories were responsible for high levels of noise and vibration. It was found that the levels lowered in proportion to the increase in the distance from the factories. 11 figs., 1 tab.

Magnetic constraints of basement structure offshore of western Kyushu, Japan; Kyushu seiho kaiiki ni okeru jiki ijo no kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okuma, S; Nakatsuka, T [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Ishihara, T [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-05-01

This paper describes the results from the qualitative analysis of magnetic anomalies offshore of western Kyushu and from an analysis by a three-dimensional two-layer model inversion. The analysis ranged from Kyushu on the east to Jeju Island on the west and from the southern part of the Korean Peninsula on the north to Tanegashima and Yakushima Islands on the south, namely, the area of 580km from east to west and 580km from south to north. The analytical data used was Magnetic Anomaly Map of Asia (GSJ and CCOP, 1994). In the qualitative analysis, a pseudogravity anomaly map and a pole gravity anomaly map were prepared from the total magnetic force anomaly map by means of a frequency filter operation. As a result, it was noted that two distinctive magnetic high belts existed in the margin of the Tunghai Shelf, extending from the sea area to the west of the Nansei Islands continuously to NNE, and being distributed transversely through the Goto sedimentary basin. Additionally, in the inversion analysis, it was demonstrated that the magnetic basement became shallow at the margin of the Tunghai Shelf north of latitude 31 degrees north, extending nearly in the NNE direction through west of the Goto Islands, west of Tsushima Island, and continuing to the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula. 6 refs., 4 figs.

Remote reference processing in MT survey using GPS clock; MT ho ni okeru GPS wo mochiita jikoku doki system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamane, K; Inoue, J; Takasugi, S [Geothermal Energy Research and Development Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Kosuge, S [DRICO Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-05-01

A report is given about the application of a synchronizing system using clock signals from GPS satellites to a remote reference method which is a technique to reject noise from the MT method. This system uses the C/A code out of the L1 band waves from NAVSTAR/GPS satellites. The new system was operated in MT method-using investigations conducted at China Peninsula, Aichi Prefecture, and Izu Peninsula, Shizuoka Prefecture, with the reference points placed several 100km away in Iwate Prefecture on both occasions. It was found as the result that it is basically possible to catch signals from the GPS at any place, that the signals are accurate enough to be applied to time synchronization for the MT method, and that the signals assure a far remote reference method with a separation of several 100km between the sites involved. The referencing process at high frequencies whose feasibility had been doubted proved a success when highly correlated signals were exchanged between two stations over a distance of several 100km. 5 refs., 9 figs.

Measurement results of BHTV logging at the geothermal well. 1; Chinetsusei ni okeru BHTV kenso no sokutei kekka. 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lin, S. [Geophysical Surveying and Consulting Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Nakanishi, S.; Shimizu, I. [Electric Power Development Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-05-27

In association with excavation of the No. 135 steam producing well in the Onikubi geothermal power plant in Miyagi Prefecture, shapes of production zones and drilling-induced fracture (DIF) were acquired from the borehole televiewer (BHTV) data. The BHTV logging shoots sound waves onto well walls of wells filled with fluid and detects the reflection waves to investigate the state of the well walls. Vertical fracture with opening lengths from 2 to 3 m were found at depths of about 1232 m and 1312 m. Water run-off has occurred at a depth of about 1312 m during the excavation, to which these vertical fractures might have contributed possibly. In depths of about 1232 m and 1312 m, fractures inclining toward north-east direction and south-west direction are predominant. Some fractures in the depth of about 1333 m incline toward east-south-east direction and west-north-west direction. Fracture inclination azimuth in all of the present logging sections is predominantly in north-east direction and south-west direction. When the DIF is considered to show the maximum compression azimuth, the earth`s crust stress azimuth is generally in east-west direction, which crosses slightly obliquely with the running direction of the predominant fracture in this well. 1 ref., 7 figs.

Microbiological indicators for evaluating treatability on water purification process. Josui shori ni okeru shorisei hyoka kara mita biseibutsu shihyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ichikawa, H [Kanagawa Prefectural Government Public Enterprise Egency Water Works Bureau, Kanagawa (Japan). Tanigahara Purification Plant

1990-08-10

This report describes the historical procedure of a bacterial test for a certain respective bacteria, and also describes the removal of micro-organisms by a water treatment and treatment with disinfectants. The disinfection is made mainly on basis of foreign literature. This is because there exist few literature published in Japan. In a good sense, this is because of the Japanese habit of drinking raw water which has contributed to high level of facilities and the maintenance. If seen from a different viewpoint, the prsent concern is concentrated to a contamination of the underground water by organic solvent and the counter measure against such minute quantity of organic chemicals as trihalomethane and the agricultural chemicals in the golf courses. From the consumers {prime} standpoint, these are of the level of problems that only one affected person increases per year for 100,000 inhabitants even if they continue to drink such drinking waters continuously through their life years. The reality is that it is remote from the realities in life. 37 refs., 9 tabs.

Problems in green improvement projects in recent city planning. Kinnen no toshi keikaku ni okeru ryokuchi keikaku eno kadai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Funabiki, T. (Ministry of Construction, Tokyo (Japan))

1992-08-06

The present city plans are questioned on the formation of a good city environment, improvement of mansion/building supply, due to the new city problems on the Tokyo concentration and re-increase of the land value recently. Based on the discussion of the central city planning council, various improvement of the system were made by government. As a structure plan of the city, the green area plan that the balance between the urban land use and the national land use is distributed, must be included. As the problem of the green area plan on the system of city plan, this paper explained the distinguish between city area and city adjustment area, the green master plan about the green area preservation in long time, the green area system corresponded to the policy for realizing the plan of preserving the green area mainly, and the park work and green area policy corresponded to the policy for realizing the plan of creating the green area.

Performance of miniature electromagnetic pump at liquid nitrogen temperature; Kogata deji ponpu no ekitai chiso ondo ni okeru seino

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nagashima, K.; Herai, T. [Railway Technical Research Inst., Tokyo (Japan)

1999-11-10

Though it cools the radiant heat shield board of superconducting magnet for levitation system railway by the liquid nitrogen, the piping on the shield board must be made to circulate the refrigerant in order to maintain the large area, which covers superconducting coil at the uniform temperature. Though as a circulating pump, it had developed thermal pumps using the heater and systems using natural circulation, etc. until now, it examined circulation performance of liquid nitrogen using the electromagnetic pump that here, it was small, and that to do the operation is sure. (NEDO)

Accuracy of FEM 3-D modeling in the electromagnetic methods; Denjiho ni okeru FEM 3 jigen modeling no seido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sasaki, Y [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1996-10-01

Analytical methods considering 3-D resistivity distribution, in particular, finite element method (FEM) were studied to improve the reliability of electromagnetic exploration. Integral equation, difference calculus, FEM and hybrid method are generally used as computational 3-D modeling method. FEM is widely used in various fields because FEM can easily handle complicated shapes and boundaries. However, in electromagnetic method, the assumption of continuous electric field is pointed out as important problem. The normal (orthogonal) component of current density should be continuous at the boundary between media with different conductivities, while this means that the normal component of electric field is discontinuous. In FEM, this means that current channeling is not properly considered, resulting in poor accuracy. Unless this problem is solved, FEM modeling is not practical. As one of the solutions, it is promising to specifically incorporate interior boundary conditions into element equation. 4 refs., 11 figs.

Future vision of advanced telecommunication networks for electric utilities; Denki jigyo ni okeru joho tsushin network no shorai vision

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tonaru, S.; Ono, K.; Sakai, S.; Kawai, Y.; Tsuboi, A. [Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo (Japan); Manabe, S. [Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc., Kagawa (Japan); Miki, Y. [Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc., Osaka (Japan)

1995-06-01

The vision of an advanced information system is proposed to cope with the future social demand and business environmental change in electric utilities. At the large turning point such as drastic reconsideration of Electricity Utilities Industry Law, further improvement of efficiency and cost reduction are requested as well as business innovation such as proposal of a new business policy. For that purpose utilization of information and its technology is indispensable, and use of multimedia and common information in organization are the future direction for improving information basis. Consequently, free information networks without any limitation due to person and media are necessary, and the following are important: high-speed, high-frequency band, digital, easily connectable and multimedia transmission lines, and cost reduction and high reliability of networks. Based on innovation of information networks and the clear principle on advanced information system, development of new applications by multimedia technologies, diffusion of communication terminals, and promotion of standardization are essential. 60 refs., 30 figs., 5 tabs.

Measurement improvements of heat flux probes for internal combustion engine; Nainen kikan ni okeru netsuryusokukei no kaihatsu to kento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tajima, H; Tasaka, H [Miyazaki University, Miyazaki (Japan)

1997-10-01

In heat flux measurement in engines, material properties of a heat flux probe and numerical prediction of those influence have been discussed rather than practical measurement accuracy. This study featured the process for the quantitative examination of heat flux probes. Although the process required direct comparison among all the probes and additional measurements in a constant volume bomb, precision of heat flux measurement was greatly improved so that the essential characteristics of heat transfer in engines can be detected. 9 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

Impedance frequency characteristics of the MAGLEV power feeding circuit; Jiki fujoshiki tetsudo ni okeru kidenkei no inpidansu shuhasu tokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ema, S [Numazu College of Technology, Shizuoka (Japan); Ajiki, K [Railway Technical Research Inst., Tokyo (Japan)

1993-09-20

In connection with the impedance frequency characteristics of the coils for propulsion and the power feeding circuit of the magnetically levitated train (MAGLEV), the inverted L circuit and T circuit as equivalent circuits for the coil for propulsion and for the power feeding, respectively, are proposed and analyzed. The simulated result and the result of measurement reported by now are in good agreement, the measured values and calculated values being almost equal in both the characteristics of the coils for propulsion and those of the power feeding circuit. The validity of the two equivalent circuits are clarified, and the frequency characteristics are verified theoretically. The impedance frequency characteristics of the coils for propulsion which are peculiar to MAGLEV are investigated with the power feeding circuit consisting of the power feeding line and propulsion coils. Lastly, simulation is carried out for the coils for propulsion with several hundred propulsion coils and for the power feeding system assuming the commercial line. As a result, it is found that the antiresonant frequencies are decreased to about one tenth in both of the characteristics. 11 refs., 18 figs.

Feasibility study on introducing new energy systems into Asian villages; Asia sonraku ni okeru shin energy donyu kanosei chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

For improvement of living standards in unelectrified areas of Asia, the feasibility of new energy power generation systems was surveyed. The degree of electrification of local areas is different every country, and Thailand is ahead of other countries, while Laos and Cambodia are most unelectrified. Power supply of 100W/house seems to be adequate for local areas because of weather condition, housing situation and life-style. Economic support and education on electricity are necessary for poor areas. Although needs for new energy is increasing, the priority is given to industrial and urbanized areas because of cost and investment effects, and remote areas are dependent on grant- in-aid. Resources of photovoltaic, wind power and micro- hydraulic energies are abundant, however, selection of energy and verification of its usability are important, and the local energy density maps were thus prepared. In introduction of new energy, after selection of energy suitable for an area concerned, such geographical and social conditions should be surveyed as road condition, water rights, land utilization, economic support system, policy and intention of inhabitants. 76 refs., 68 figs., 91 tabs.

Natural disasters in the Shikoku district. 2. ; Slope failures and rockfalls. Shikoku ni okeru shizen saigai. 2. ; Dosha saigai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamagami, T [Tokushima Univ., Tokushima (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1991-09-25

Although landslide, slope failure, debris flow, rock fall, etc. are included in disasters caused by earth and sand, this report focuses only on slope failures. It is very difficult to discuss various soil engineering problems concerning earth and sand disasters in the Shikoku district from dynamic aspect. Therefore, this report is made focusing on perfunctory classification. As regards slope failures, there are natural and embankment (artificial) slope failures, but only natural slope failures are discussed in this report. The numbers of annually investigated areas in 4 prefectures in the Shikoku district and frequencies of failures for each geological group are tabulated for explanation. Transverse shape figure, longitudinal section, slope of ground level, land form where surface water and ground water tend to concentrate, etc. can be considered as factors for the occurrence of landslides. The relationship between those topographical factors and the frequency of failure occurrence is investigated. Failure of cut slope and the relation between rainfall and slope failure are outlined. Examples of rock fall disasters are introduced to point out the difficulty in predicting the occurrence of rock falls. 12 refs., 2 figs., 7 tabs.

Treatment of waste water miscible cutting fluids in automobile manufacturing; Jidosha kogyo ni okeru suiyosei sessakuyuzai no haieki shori

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ono, H. [Yushiro Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1995-09-01

Water-soluble cutting fluids are able to be used for several months to several years if the proper periodical management is carried out. However, the used solution should be treated as waste water when the function-recovery thereof becomes remarkable difficult. On this occasion, the treated solution (drainage) ought to meet the environmental standards prescribed for the purpose of protecting globe environment. Many cases in Japan are that the strict rules are set by each urban and rural prefectures addition to the government ordinance. For carrying out the treatment of waste water efficiently, it is necessary to construct the treating system by mastering the characteristics of waste water and selecting the most suitable one from numerous treating methods. In this paper, after the description on the water-polluting substances and drainage standards, the general treating method of waste water miscible cutting fluids is described. Finally, the concrete cases with respect to the treatment of waste water treatment in automobile manufacturing factories are introduced. 5 refs., 5 figs., 5 tabs.

Role of ventilation systems in the prevention of hospital infection; Innai kansen boshi ni okeru kanki system no yakuwari

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ayliffe, G.

1996-05-05

This paper investigates and considers the actual state of hospital infection. The 80% or more of surgical wound infection is self-infection, for which the factor is the microorganisms that exist in a surgical wound at the completion of an operation. Airborne infection is generally due to staphylococcus aureus. There rarely is a bacteria carrier, and the germ is dispersed from him in some instances. Staphylococcus epidermis sticks to prosthesis, propagates and causes wound infection in rare occasions. Clostridium perfringens and escherichia coli also sometimes cause self-infection from wound. An ordinary plenum ventilation system is less effective for the prevention of wound infection. A remarkable example for reduction in infection is the employment of an ultra clean air system in joint replacement operations, showing reduction in joint septicemic infection from 1.5 to 0.3%. A vertical air flow system may be effectively employed in an operation room for the purpose of improving the air stream. No interrelation exists between the total number of indoor bacteria and infection without staphylococcus aureus. A person infected by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus has to be isolated into a unit. 13 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

Buckling model of longitudinal reinforcing bars under reverse cyclic load; Koban kurikaeshi kajuka ni okeru chukin no zakutsu model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murayama, Y.; Suda, K.; Ichinomiya, T.; Shinbo, H. [Kajima Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1994-10-31

For RC (reinforced concrete) columns such as towers of long-span cable-stayed bridges or high-rise piers, there is desired development of an analytical method including a method of arranging reinforcing bars for increasing their ductility against strong earthquake motion. For this, it is necessary to investigate their characteristics after their being rendered to maximum load and their final states, and hence there must be newly investigated the properties of a plastic hinge formed on the bottom of the column, particularly determination of the buckling point of reinforcing bars and a hysteresis model after the buckling. In this study, there is developed a direct method of measuring the stress of reinforcing bars embedded in a model specimen which is conventionally difficult to be measured, and there is investigated the stress-strain hysteresis of the bars before and after the buckling thereof. The principle of the method of measuring the stress is such that only a local minimum portion of objective reinforcing bars is rendered to rf quenching, and a distortion gauge is sticked to the center of the quenching. This is based upon a fact that that portion keeps a linear relationship between the stress and the strain even if a host material is yielded. On the basis of an experimental result, a mechanism of buckling of these bars is clarified and a buckling model of the reinforcing bars at the plastic hinge. 6 refs., 15 figs., 2 tabs.

Study on gas turbines. Leading role of high efficiency power generation; Gas turbine kenkyu. Kokoritsu hatsuden no shuyaku wo nerau

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-01-31

This review summarizes research works of Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry on gas turbines playing a leading role of high efficiency power generation. This article describes historical changes of gas turbine technology, changes and current status from the viewpoint of electric power industry, and development trend in various makers. Increase in the flow-in gas temperature, low NOx combustion technology, use of various fuels, and durability evaluation and improvement technology for high temperature parts are described as technological problems and development trends. The increase in temperature is indispensable for the improvement of efficiency. Materials having heat resistance, anticorrosion and strength are required. Accordingly, Ni-based single crystal super alloy has been developed. Developments of ceramic gas turbine and catalytic combustor are also described. The coal gasification combined power generation is expected as a new power generation technology having availability of various coals, high efficiency, and excellent environmental protection. Development of 1500 {degree}C class combustor for turbines has been promoted. Evaluation and improvement of durability of high temperature parts are also described. For the new utilization technology of gas turbines, repowering and compressed air storage gas turbine power generation technology are introduced. 92 figs., 14 tabs.

Report on results of contract research. 'Research on MHD generation system'; MHD hatsuden system no kenkyu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

'Research on MHD generation system' was implemented by its expert committee in the electric joint study group, with the results of fiscal 1981 reported. This year, technological reexamination was conducted for a 2,000 MWt commercial MHD generation plant, with evaluation carried out on the cost performance including the construction and operation cost. In addition, for the purpose of intermediate R and D towards the practicability, examination was also conducted on a system structure, concrete specifications of component element, cost of R and D including operation expenses for example, concerning an 100 MWt class experimental plant and a 500 MWt class plant. In the investigation of the overseas trend, information was summarized in detail on the experimental devices, combustors, generation channels, electrode materials, electrode phenomena, theoretical analyses, seeds, slag, component equipment, instrumental technologies, conceptual designs of generation plant, commercial plant, etc., in Soviet Union, China, Holland, India and EPRI, on the basis of the materials from the 19th MHD symposium held in UTSI and from the coal MHD specialist conference held in Sydney. (NEDO)

Report on results of contract research. 'Research on MHD generation system'; MHD hatsuden system no kenkyu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1981-03-01

'Research on MHD generation system' was implemented by its expert committee in the electric joint study group, with the results of fiscal 1980 reported. This year, a detailed conceptual design was carried out on a coal fired MHD generation system, with points for the technological development concretely examined. In addition, investigation was conducted on the progress of MHD generation technology, development situation of other generation systems, state of energy resources, etc., in various foreign countries. In the conceptual design of the coal fired MHD generation plant, the system structure of a 2,000 MWt class commercial MHD generation plant was explained, as were the conceptual design of the structural elements and proposals for a 500 MWt class demonstration plant and an 100 MWt class experimental plant, for example. In the overseas trend of R and D on MHD generation, investigations were made concerning the U.S., Soviet Union, and China, with details compiled for such items as generation plants, combustors, generation channels, heat resisting materials, superconducting magnets, heat exchangers, seed slags, inverters, boilers and environments, and commercial plants. (NEDO)

Project to support promotion of forming an environmentally friendly energy community. Survey report on 'a survey on introduction of an RDF electric power generation system utilizing general wastes in the Noto area'; Kankyo chowagata energy community keisei sokushin hojo jigyo. 'Noto chiiki ni okeru ippan haikibutsu riyo RDF hatsuden no donyu ni kansuru chosa' chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

A business feasibility survey was performed on introduction of an RDF electric power generation system utilizing general wastes in the Noto area. Wastes quantity was estimated by accounting for large-sized wastes to be generated newly as a result of enforcement of the container package recycling law, and transfer of non-combustible wastes to incineration. The quantity was estimated to be 84,000 tons annually. Quantities of RDF and heat were calculated from this estimation to be 103 tons per day and 400 lkcal/kg respectively. According to the result of discussing the RDF transportation systems, time-based freight was found advantageous for short distance, and distance freight system for long distance in terms of cost. Discussions for RDF power systems were carried out on an RDF circulation fluid bed furnace plus ash melting furnace, a fluid bed gasification melting furnace, and shaft furnace type gasification melting furnace. In a comprehensive view, it is difficult to distinguish them in terms of merit and demerit. Molten slag was assumed to be re-utilized, but cost for the re-utilization should be considered. According to the result of discussing the business feasibility, it was found difficult to make it profitable by operating the RDF power generation business alone, and wastes incineration charge should be collected. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the survey project on the environmentally friendly energy community, excluding mostly projects on electric power generation. Survey project on the environmentally friendly energy community in the Nagoya area; 2000 nendo kankyo chowagata energy community chosa jigyo 'shutoshite hatsuden jigyo ni kakawaru mono wo nozoku' chosa hokokusho. Nagoya chiiki ni okeru kankyo chowagata energy community chosa jigyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

The paper studied the working-out of the basic plan on the RPF (refuse paper and plastic fuel) production business in the area mainly including Nagoya city and of the business profitability. RPF is a solid fuel made by grinding, mixing and pressurizing paper and plastics in appropriate sizes. Its shape and calorific value can be adjusted according to the needs. In the Nagoya area, the demand for RPF is more than the supply, and therefore a much larger amount of RPF is in need. In Phase 1, business was studied for paper and plastics in the container packing paper waste and business-derived general waste. As a result, the RPF production amount was 21,000 t/y, which is equivalent to the effect of reduction of the same amount of coal. As to the profitability, it was made clear that the business can be profitable if collecting 41,400 yen/ton as the re-commercialization cost. In Phase 2, the design of the facilities was made for the larger-sized commercialization by adding industrial waste plastics to the waste in Phase 1. (NEDO)

Character of photovoltaic/thermal hybrid collector. Character analysis by numerical calculation; Taiyoko netsu hybrid collector no tokusei. Suchi keisan ni yoru tokusei kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morita, Y; Iwawaki, T; Fujisawa, T; Tani, T [Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

In order to investigate characteristics of photovoltaic (PV)/thermal hybrid collectors (PV/T{sub s}) operating under varying conditions, energy equilibrium equations have been developed for numerical calculation, and the calculated results were compared with the observed ones. The calculated characteristics are close to the observed ones, both for photoelectric conversion and heat collecting characteristics, demonstrating validity of these energy equations. It is found, by comparing characteristics of PV/T{sub A} (covered with glass) with those of PV/T{sub B} (not covered with glass), that these characteristics are greatly affected by glass cover. Maximum overall excergy levels attained are 13.29% with PV/T{sub A} and 11.48% with PV/T{sub B} under the conditions of solar radiation intensity H: 800W/m{sup 2}, ambient temperature: 20degC and wind velocity: 0.5m/s, where flow rates of heat medium are 2.0times10{sup -3} and 4.0times10{sup -3}kg/s, respectively. Thus, the PV/T{sub A} system has a higher maximum excergy efficiency than the PV/T{sub B} system. The PV/T{sub A} gives water of higher temperature, demonstrating that covering the system with glass increases maximum excergy efficiency and optimum temperature. 6 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.

Numerical method to calculate flow-induced vibration in turbulent flow. 3rd Report. Analysis of vortex-induced vibration in an array of elastically supported tubes; Ranryuba ni okeru ryutai kozotai rensei shindo kaiseki shuho no kaihatsu. 3. Kangun ni okeru uzu reiki shindo kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sadaoka, N.; Umegaki, K. [Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-01-25

A vortex-induced vibration of an array of elastically supported tubes is simulated in two-dimension by using a flow-induced vibration analysis program, which was developed in order to evaluate flow-induced vibration in various components such as heat exchangers. From a comparison of calculated results and experimental data, the following points are observed. (1) For the calculated results in a 5 {times} 5 square array, the flow pattern surrounding the first-row tubes is markedly different from that observed in the second-row or third-row tubes. This flow pattern is the same as that obtained from the experiment. (2) All tubes begin to oscillate due to unsteady fluid force and the oscillating mode is different for each row of tubes. These oscillation patterns show the same tendency in the experiments and it is concluded that the developed method can simulate vortex-induced vibration in an array of elastically supported tubes. 19 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.

Geotechnical engineering problems of construction works in the Shikoku district. 2. ; Construction work of Matsuyama expressway at fractured zones. Shikoku no kensetsu koji ni okeru doshitsu kogaku teki shomondai. 2. ; Shikoku jukan jidoshado (Doi@iyosaijo kan) ni okeru danso hasitai no norimen taisaku ko

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaneko, T; Nagao, A [Japan Highway Public Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1991-09-25

21.9km of the route between Doi and Iyosaijo of the Shikoku Jukan (Transverse) expressway was chosen along the central tectonic line which is the largest active fault in Japan. Countermeasure works for slope faces were carried out attaching importance to ground anchor and reinforced earth works, and the section was completed on March 29, 1991. In the section, longitudinal alignment, plain alignment and road structure were reexamined to determine the center line so as to avoid landslide areas as far as possible, and much cost curtailment was realized for the landslide countermeasure works although there were many slope face collapses during excavation. The collapsed soil amounted to about 50 to 600m{sup 3} for one collapsed spot, with 1 to 2m average thickness of the slid layers. Reinforced earth work method was found to be effective for small to medium scale slope face countermeasure works. PC anchor or other landslide countermeasure works were required for large scale landslides which have the depths of slide exceeding 2m. 5 refs., 7 figs.

Analysis and evaluation for practical application of photovoltaic power generation system. Analysis and evaluation for development of extra-high efficiency solar cells (fundamental research on extra-high efficiency III-V compound semiconductor tandem solar cells); Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka. Chokokoritsu taiyo denchi no gijutsu kaihatsu no tame no kaiseki hyoka (chokokoritsu III-V zoku kagobutsu taiyo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sekikawa, T; Kawanami, H; Sakata, I; Nagai, K; Matsumoto, K; Miki, K [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for development of extra-high efficiency III-V compound semiconductor tandem solar cells. Heteroepitaxial structures of compound semiconductors, such as GaAs, on silicon substrates are analyzed and evaluated by EXAFS, Raman and RHEED for the initial stage of the film growth and heterointerfaces. The device capable of in-situ observation of the growing surface structures during the period of heteroepitaxial film growth is introduced, to investigate the effects of rise-up and initial growth conditions on defects. The effects of atomic hydrogen on growth of a GaAs film on a silicon substrate are investigated from photoluminescence and solar cell characteristics, to confirm the effects of reducing defects. Heteroepitaxial growth of InGaP, which has the optimum band width for forming multi-junction silicon solar cells, on a silicon substrate is investigated, to find that an interfacial buffer layer is necessary to form a good film. 2 figs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program research and development of photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Research and development of high-quality amorphous silicon film formation technologies using plasma separation); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (plasma bunri ni yoru kohinshitsu amorphous silicon maku seimaku gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

When discharge plasma is applied for film formation, ions affect the quality of the resultant film. In the case of plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method, there exists correspondence between the radicals ratio SiH/H and solar cell conversion efficiency, and plasma measurement may be used for the control of film formation conditions. The state of distribution of radicals in discharge plasma is dependent on the type of radicals, and there is an optimum substrate position. Photoelectric characteristics are improved when a grid electrode is used for plasma separation. The surface of a transparent conductive film (ITO: indium-tin oxide) to be the substrate for film formation needs to be flat, and part of its Si is oxidized into SiO{sub 2} by generated oxygen. An ITO film coated by chemically stable SnO{sub 2} is useful. When the ion plating method is employed, film formation conditions are first selected, and then, in a heat treatment to follow, resistance films of various surface conditions are obtained. Carbon-added a-Si film formation conditions and the relationship between film qualities and solar cell characteristics are elucidated. In a solar cell of the p-i-n structure with an a-Si:C:H film acting as the p-layer, a conversion efficiency of 7.6% is achieved. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on the development of solar energy technologies for the development of practical application technologies for photovoltaic power systems. Experimental fabrication of solar cell panels and verification thereof (Development of technologies for panel assembly process); 1981 nendo taiyo energy gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu). Taiyo denchi panel jikken seisaku kensho (panel kumitate kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

In a study of cell array connection process, continuous and automatic connection of cells is named as the basic concept in view of low cost and high reliability. In the designing of details of cell strings, CZ (Czochralski) cell dimensions are reviewed for cell packaging efficiency improvement, interconnectors and wiring are examined for a easier packaging process, and solder connection is thought over for utility cost reduction. Conditions are established for string fabrication process details. In the study of the panel packaging process, panel package designing is carried out and a dedicated mechanical device is installed. In the study of the inspection process and plant system, data are collected, necessary for the construction and adjustment of an inspection device. Research is conducted on the layout of plant facilities, on required utilities, and on facilities operating state signals to be transmitted to the central control unit. As for an inspection jig supply system, transfer system, and storage rack, they are designed, built, and installed. The plant house is now complete. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization-entrusted projects. Solar energy technology research and development; solar panel experiment, manufacture, and verification (Photovoltaic power system practical application technology; ribbon-type crystal substrate process technology); 1981 nendo taiyo energy gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu). Taiyo denchi panel jikken seisaku kensho (ribon kessho kiban kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

Carried over from the preceding fiscal year are the development of ribbon crystal pulling technology and the studies of ribbon crystal substrate quality and plant operation. In the development of ribbon crystal pulling process, a pulling drive is built and the limiter mechanism is strengthened for improvement on ribbon crystal flatness, technologies are established for high-speed pulling of broad ribbon crystals, pulling system prototype is built, after-annealing technique is improved for eliminating distortion, and technologies are developed for continuous feeding of raw materials. In the quality examination of ribbon crystal substrates, a method is tested and studied for bringing about a decrease in the number of SiC grains. The object of the plant operation study is a plant capable of producing 250kW-equivalent ribbon crystals a year, and the efforts involve the ribbon pulling system, rough cutter, real-size cutter, etching unit, shape checker, packing, devices for production lines such as warehouses for products, electric power, gas, water, peripheral equipment for waste water treatment etc., ribbon specifications check, quality related assistance equipment to deal with unacceptable products etc., pollution-preventing facilities for the preservation of production environments, and plant buildings. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1997 on development of technologies for practical photovoltaic system under New Sunshine Program. Manufacture of thin-film solar cell and of low-cost/large-area module (Formation of low-temperature film); 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usukau taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (teion maku keisei gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

A polycrystalline Si thin film formation technology is developed, which uses the flux process in which a reaction occurs between the target crystal and a flux component which is eutectic. Using this process, a crystal grain relatively large in diameter is obtained at a relatively low temperature. This method is now attracting attention as one of the technologies for producing crystalline Si film for use in thin-film polycrystalline Si solar cells. Especially when Al is used for flux, since Al is automatically doped into the target crystalline Si film, it is expected that the resulting film will serve as the ground for a photoactive layer provided with the BSF (back surface field) function which is important for the improvement of solar cell efficiency. A polycrystalline Si thin film is formed on a 2cm times 2cm-large glass substrate at a temperature not higher than 600 degrees C. It is recognized that films selectively oriented towards the (111) or (100) plane are acquired when other processes are employed. It is expected that the said Al-doped film provides a ground on which a BSF function-provided photoactive layer will be formed. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the regional consortium R and D project - Regional consortium energy R and D field. First year report. R and D of distributed power conditioner for photovoltaic power generation use; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki consortium energy kenkyu kaihatsu bun'ya. Taiyoko hatsuden'yo bunsangata power conditioner no kenkyu kaihatsu (dai 1 nendo) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

By developing 100W class micro-inverter and putting it to the solar cell panel one by one, a control system is developed by which the maximum output can be obtained as the solar cell system even if the output of individual panels changes by stain and shade. By this system, power generation efficiency is expected to be increased by approximately 10%. In case that power generation of 5 million kW is achieved in FY 2010, energy conservation of about 50,000 kl/year in oil conversion can be expected. In FY 2000, the following were carried out: 1) investigational study of electronic parts; 2) primary trial-fabrication of micro-inverter; 3) various kinds of simulation assuming the inverter parallel operation. In 1), two kinds using the fly-back transformer method and the immittance conversion theory were trial-fabricated. As to the former, the main circuit method was designed to be the fly back type high frequency insulation method, and the control method to be the pulse area modulation method. As to the latter, the current output type power converter was structured by the circuit simulation. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the regional consortium R and D project - Regional consortium energy R and D field. First year report. R and D of distributed power conditioner for photovoltaic power generation use; 2000 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo - chiiki consortium energy kenkyu kaihatsu bun'ya. Taiyoko hatsuden'yo bunsangata power conditioner no kenkyu kaihatsu (dai 1 nendo) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

By developing 100W class micro-inverter and putting it to the solar cell panel one by one, a control system is developed by which the maximum output can be obtained as the solar cell system even if the output of individual panels changes by stain and shade. By this system, power generation efficiency is expected to be increased by approximately 10%. In case that power generation of 5 million kW is achieved in FY 2010, energy conservation of about 50,000 kl/year in oil conversion can be expected. In FY 2000, the following were carried out: 1) investigational study of electronic parts; 2) primary trial-fabrication of micro-inverter; 3) various kinds of simulation assuming the inverter parallel operation. In 1), two kinds using the fly-back transformer method and the immittance conversion theory were trial-fabricated. As to the former, the main circuit method was designed to be the fly back type high frequency insulation method, and the control method to be the pulse area modulation method. As to the latter, the current output type power converter was structured by the circuit simulation. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 development of fuel cell power generation technology. Part 3. Supplementary explanation to R and D of molten carbonate fuel cell and power generation system; 1997 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu hosoku setsumeisho. 3. Yoyu tansan'engata nenryo denchi (hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1988-05-01

A supplementary explanation was compiled for the results of a commissioned project reported in fiscal 1997 (development of fuel cell power generation technology, and R and D (3) of molten carbonate fuel cell and power generation system). The supplementary explanation was given on the development of parallel flow stack, design/manufacturing of 250 kW stacks, design and manufacturing of 250 kW stacks in connection with installation/adjustment. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the development of hydrothermal use power plant, etc. Development of the binary cycle power plant (Development of a 10MW class plant); 2000 nendo Nessui riyo hatsuden plant tou kaihatsu. Bainari cycle hatsuden plant no kaihatsu - 10MW kyu plant no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-01-01

For the purpose of developing a 10MW class demonstrative plant for geothermal binary power generation, the R and D were carried out, and the results obtained from FY 1995 to FY 1999 were summed up. In the interim evaluation made in July 1994, study was to be phasedly proceeded with for the main three systems (hydrothermal system, medium system and power generation system) which compose the 10MW class binary cycle power plant. The test on the hydrothermal system was started in FY 1995. In the R and D, the following were conducted for evaluation: design/manufacture/installation of the test device for the hydrothermal system, manufacture of demonstrative downhole pump (DHP) No.3 and test at plant, test on the hydrothermal system. As to the turbine working medium suitable for binary power plant, the specified freon/substitute freon have been used, but it seems that hydrocarbons such as butane and pentane can be effective in future. In the study of the economical efficiency, it was pointed out that for the commercialization, it is important to improve durability of DHP and further reduce the cost of DHP equipment and cost of repairs. (NEDO)

Basic survey on a potentiality of energy-related cooperation in Vietnam; Betonamu ni okeru energy kanren kyoryoku kanosei kiban chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-03-01

The paper reports trends of energy, economy, and the environmental field in Vietnam. The economy of Vietnam has indicated a powerful growth in all the sectors for the first nine months of fiscal 1994. The amount of industrial products showed a growth of 12.2%, and the agriculture is supported by a growth in cash crop, despite of the damage to rice growing caused by the flood. The government announced that they expected a GDP growth rate of 8.5% in fiscal 1994 over the target of 8%. However, a hope that the government wants the inflation rate not exceeding 10% was already given up in October. The government holds a financial deficit totaling 636 million dollars. The government planned to supplement the deficit partially by increasing revenue and partially by support from overseas, but in both cases the fund was short. The trend in the finance/bank sector since August indicates that the money market is appearing. Vietnam established the foreign currency interbank market. Moreover, the government decided on establishment of the stock market up to the beginning of 1995.

Transition of wind power utilization technology in the 20th century; 20 seiki ni okeru furyoku riyo gijutsu no hensen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ushiyama, I. [Ashikaga Inst. of Tech., Tochigi (Japan)

2000-04-01

Windmills are one of the oldest prime movers and have been used for more than 700 years in Europe. The transition from low speed windmills for grain grinding and water pumping to high speed wind turbines for electric power generation had occurred at the end of 19{sup th} century. This paper, at first, reviews the windmill technologies and the researchers before 20th century. Then describes the back ground of how the wind power generator has existed and how the four pioneers developed their wind power generator. The historical developments of windmills to wind turbines in this century are studied focusing mainly on Danish activities. Then, the effort of the development of large wind turbine such as Smith-Putnum's first MW machine in U.S.A. and other mammoth machine concept are introduced. The new concept machines such as Savonius and Darrieus wind turbines in 1920s to 1930s are also explained. Finally, the novel technologies of wind turbine covering larger machines, variable speed generators, special wing sections for wind turbines, theoretical analysis method of wind turbine performance, offshore wind turbines, and wind turbine control technologies are stated. (author)

Phosphorus and nitrogen removal in waste water at small factory. Shokibo jigyosho ni okeru haisuichu no rin chisso shori gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hirai, M. (National Institute for Resources and Environment, Tsukuba (Japan))

1994-05-25

For the purpose of preventing closed waters from eutrophicating, COD regulations and nitrogen and phosphorus waste water regulations are executed in Japan, but practically applicable techniques for this purpose are a few. Concerning technology for removing nitrogen and phosphorus in waste water, this paper describes the actual situation of two industries, electroplating and alumite processing, and applicable techniques. Among various nitrogen removal methods, the biological treatment method has been used practically in many cases and is applicable to practical use. While there are many kinds of physical and chemical treatment methods, applicable methods are limited. In removing nitrogen, the coagulating sedimentation method with Ca salt, Al salt and Fe salt is effective generally for orthophosphate. At electroplating factories, various forms of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds are used as plating chemicals. In treating waste water containing phosphorus, the coagulating sedimentation method is used most frequently. The oxidation + coagulating sedimentation method, the autolysis + oxidation coagulation method, and the evaporation method are effected, though the examples of their implementation are small in number. 15 tabs.

Analysis of flame propagation phenomenon in simplified stratified charge conditions; Tanjunkasareta sojo kyukiba ni okeru kaen denpa gensho no kansatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moriyoshi, Y; Morikawa, H [Chiba University, Chiba (Japan); Kamimoto, T [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

Since the local inhomogeneity of mixture concentration inside the cylinder affects the combustion characteristics, a basic research on combustion phenomenon in stratified charge conditions is required. The authors have made experiments with a constant-volume chamber, which can simulate an idealized stratified charge field by using a removable partition, to obtain the combustion characteristics. Also, numerical calculations are made using some combustion models. As a result, the important feature that the combustion speed is faster in stratified condition than in homogeneous condition can be predicted by the two-step reaction model. 4 refs., 8 figs.

Fault analysis in the very shallow seismic reflection method. Part 3. Migration; Gokusenso hanshaho ni okeru danso kaiseki. 3. Migration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nagumo, S; Muraoka, S; Takahashi, T [OYO Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-22

Concerning the analysis of data obtained by the seismic reflection method, migration in the very shallow layer is discussed. When the dip angle of the reflection plane involved is disclosed by DMO conversion, the amount of migration (travelling sideways) can be calculated by use of simple geometrical formulas though on the presumption that the sector velocity is constant. Categorized into this technique are such methods as DMO conversion migration, direct dip migration, F-K method, and finite difference method. This means that waveforms are not damaged by migration processing although elongation occurs due to time base conversion. When it is taken into account that waveform distortion is generally grave in the migration related methods widely in use, this feature has to be said valuable in holding information on faults. This is especially advantageous in the very shallow layer because the amount of migration is proportionally larger when the level is deeper and, in addition, migration processing is useful when it is necessary to know more accurately the character of the fault plane. 8 figs.

1000m depth boring at Inagawa, Hyogo prefecture. 1. Overviews; Hyogoken Inagawamachi ni okeru 1000m boring chosa. 1. Gaiyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, T; Kusunose, K; Cho, A; Tosha, T [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Kiyama, T; Yamada, F [Mitsui Construction Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Aizawa, T [Sancoh Consultants Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-05-01

Various field experiments were carried out using a 1000m deep borehole at Inagawa town, about 10km north of the focus of the Hanshin-Awaji Great Earthquake and directly above the area where shallow earthquake activities have intermittently occurred. These experiments included stress measurement by hydraulic fracturing, hydrophone-aided VSP, permeability tests and observation of various types of logging. The laboratory experiments were also carried out, including measurement of various properties and stresses of the core samples. The stress-depth relationship, determined by the hydraulic fracturing method, shows that the stress gradient well coincides with the Western Japan standard at a depth up to 700m, whereas it is approximately twice as high as the standard at a depth of 946m, at which core disking and borehole break-out are clearly observed, and hence stresses conceivably concentrate locally. Orientation of the maximum horizontal compressive stress is E-W at a depth of around 600m, but greatly changes to NNW-SSE at a deeper position. 4 refs., 5 figs.

Results of cultivation experiment at clean farm (vegetable plant). 1. Clean farm (yasai kojo) ni okeru saibai jikken kekka. 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyaishi, T; Kawagishi, K; Matsuzaki, O; Nakahara, M [Kyushu Electric Power Co. Ltd., Fukuoka (Japan)

1991-03-31

This paper reports a summary of the facilities in an experimental plant constructed by the Kyushu Electric Power Company in 1988, and a result of experiments on cultivating salad and lettuce. The plant has environmentally controlled cultivating rooms of solar beam combined type and totally artificial light type, each having a floor area of 50 m {sup 2}, disposed with cultivating stages divided into three divisions of seedling culture, growth, and forced culture, nutritious liguid feeding devices of circulation type, and air conditioning equipment. The paper describes results of the tests aimed at realizing an increase in yield and profit, an optimum cultivating system, and economic facilities at the vegetable plant. Included in the tests are that (a) four kinds of salads and five kinds lettuce were selected for cultivation to decide most suitable kinds, based on literature survey and preliminary experiments; (b) varying the environmental conditions for the culture, such as temperature, radiating condition, concentration of the nutritious liquid, and concentration of carbon dioxide, conditions optimum or suitable for the plant growth were selected; (c) the plant was compared with glass green houses with respect to the required cultivating period of time, vitamin C content and color tones of the products; (d) the solar beam combined type room and the totally artificial light rooms were compared with respect to power consumption and heat capacity that passes through the cultivation room walls, and the latter was concluded being superior in economics and stability. 12 refs., 37 figs., 30 tabs.

Airborne gamma-ray survey around the Negoro fault. 1; Negoro danso shuhen chiiki ni okeru kuchu {gamma} sen tansa. 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakayama, E.; Kasuya, Y.; Hasegawa, H. [Aero Asahi Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Tsukuda, E. [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan)

1997-05-27

An airborne gamma-ray survey was carried out to investigate the active fault system in the central structure line in the peripheral area of the city of Wakayama. At the same time, with an objective to enhance applicability of the airborne gamma-ray survey to active fault investigation, fundamental data were acquired and discussed. The measurement data were processed according to the standard method specified by IAEA. An ID-FFT filter and a nonlinear filter were employed to extract anomalous gamma-ray intensity values. The gamma-ray intensity distribution chart shows a noticeable positive anomalous area extending from the central part of the western edge to the north-east direction. This area agrees nearly well with the Negoro fault, but its peak portion is positioned slightly more to south than the position of the Negoro fault shown in existing data. The Sakuraike fault and the vicinity of the central structure line also show positive anomaly as a whole, particularly remarkably in the vicinity of their converging portion. However, differing from the vicinity of the Negoro fault, the areas are not extracted as an anomalous area which has directionality and extends in a line form. One of the factors for this would be that it is a fault in unsolidified deposits with low opening trend, differing from the one in solidified rocks. 1 fig., 3 tabs.

Ignition processes in the refuse bed of a refuse incineration plant. Gomi shokyakuro ni okeru gomi sonai no chakka katei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goromaru, T; Onishi, K; Iwakawa, N; Yoshikuni, N [Fukuoka Univ., Fukuoka, (Japan)

1990-03-01

The ignition process was studied in this paper, which was particularly connected with the drying process of refuse in the statical characteristics of refuse incinerators. Because of variety in refuse forms to be supplied to the incinerators, a physical model was composed, assuming that refuse was the layers of piled up refuse elements with uniform forms, and the ignition curves of the layers were drawn on the basis of the above model after a mathematical model was formed. The upper part of the curves was altered so that it suits to actual endothermic and heat velocity distribution on the assumption of temperature distribution in the incinerators at their inlet side. No particular alteration was made in their middle part, then the ignition curves were changed to almost straight lines inclined downward. Unburnt and refuse under firing were wrapped by ash and uncombustibles, so the lower part of the curves was only studied as a imaginary solid model by the two methods of finite element method and simple analytical one, and conversion was made into equivalent reduction in combustion temperature. 15 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.

Relation between frequency of seismic wave and resolution of tomography; Danseiha tomography kaiseki ni okeru shuhasu to bunkaino no kankei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fujimoto, M; Watanabe, T; Ashida, Y; Sassa, K [Kyoto University, Kyoto (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1997-05-27

With regard to the elastic wave exploration, discussions have been given on the relationship between frequency and resolution in P-wave velocity tomography using the initial travel time. The discussions were carried out by using a new analysis method which incorporates the concept of Fresnel volume into tomography analysis. The following two arrangements were used in the calculation: a cross hole arrangement, in which seismic source and vibration receiving points were arranged so as to surround the three directions of a region extending 250 m in the horizontal direction and 500 m in the vertical direction, and observation is performed between two wells, and a permeation VSP arrangement in which the seismic source is installed on the ground surface and receiving points installed in wells. Restructuring was performed on the velocity structure by using a total of 819 observation travel times. This method has derived results of the restructuring according to frequencies of the seismic source used for the exploration. The resolution shown in the result of the restructuring has become higher as elastic waves with higher frequency are used, and the size of the structure identified from the restructuring result has decreased. This fact reveals that sufficient considerations must be given on frequencies of elastic waves used according to size of objects to be explored. 4 refs., 4 figs.

Simulation of speed control in acceleration mode of a heavy duty vehicle; Ogatasha no kasokuji ni okeru shasoku seigyo simulation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Endo, S; Ukawa, H [Isuzu Advanced Engineering Center, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Sanada, K; Kitagawa, A [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-01

A control law of speed of a heavy duty vehicle in acceleration mode is presented, which is an extended version of a control law in deceleration mode proposed by the authors. The control law is based on constant acceleration strategy. Using the control law, target velocity and target distance can be performed. Both control laws for acceleration and deceleration mode can be represented by a unified mathematical formulae. Some simulation results are shown to demonstrate the control performance. 7 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.

Status of the superconductive Maglev program in the United States; Amerika ni okeru chodendo jiki fujo tetsudo keikaku no genjo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Osaki, H [Tokyo Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1994-07-25

In the United States, high speed transportation plan was approved in 1965, and research and development of the superconductive magnetically levitated system (Maglev) became active. Although research and development for design, construction, and test for 500km/h Maglev were started in 1974, the federal government ordered to stop in 1975 all the development projects of high speed transportation traffic systems, and the activity slowed down very much as compared with those in Japan, Germany, and other countries. In 1990, the National Maglev Initiative (NMI) project was established. The feature which is different from those of Japanese and German systems is 0.16g and larger acceleration, which allows to shorten the transit time between stations. Development plan for Maglev prototype was approved officially in November, 1991. Features of levitation, guidance, propulsion as well as the carriage lineup of the 4 systems conceptually designed in the NMI project are introduced. 22 refs., 4 figs., 57 tabs.

Introduction of research and development in Image Information Science Laboratory; Image joho kagaku kenkyusho ni okeru kenkyu kaihatsu no shokai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-10-10

This paper introduces research and development at the Image Information Science Laboratory. This is a joint industry-university research institution for the purpose of making a computer recognize human non-language information, expressing and transmitting it, with the research conducted at two centers, Kanto and Kansai. The following studies are being made at the Kansai research center: man/machine interface making natural communication possible between a man and a machine, with emphasis placed on visual information; sensing technology for measuring human activity, technology for analyzing/forming human sensitivity, and technology of expression; technology by which a work is done by a computer in place of a man and reproduced on the computer, with the skill transferred to a man; and development of a spatial expression media system such as a three-dimensional display device. The Tokyo research center is participating in the following projects: committee for promoting joint industry-university research and development of virtual reality (VR); joint industry-university research, development and implementation project of advanced VR; survey on physiological psychological effect in VR system and the like; and research and development of human media. (NEDO)

Measurement of organic carbon quantity at chemoautorophic bacterium; Kagaku dokuritsu eiyo saikin ni okeru yuki tansoryo no sokutei ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsuda, I; Kato, K; Nozaki, K [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan); Kurokawa, K [Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-27

Described herein is the method for analyzing quantity of organic carbon synthesized by chemoautotrophic bacterium. It is based on the combustion-infrared spectroscopy, which is normally adopted for quantitative analysis of organic carbon. The problems involved in the measurement of organic compounds synthesized by iron-oxidizing bacteria are noise by culture medium components, aging of gas analyzer and contamination with organic compounds from a silicon plug. The measures taken in this study against these problems include comparison of the results with a medium containing iron-oxidizing bacteria with those with a medium free of these bacteria, calibration with the standard solution for each measurement, and replacement of a silicone plug by a silicon cap. Organic carbon is measured by a TOC-5000 analyzer equipped with an automatic sample feeder ASI-5000. Biomass density is determined by the MPN method. It is confirmed that organic carbon quantity is almost in proportion to biomass density, a phenomenon which can be used to determine organic carbon quantity. 7 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

Heat recovery properties from fuel cell system for telecommunications use; Tsushin`yo nenryo denchi system ni okeru hainetsu kaishu tokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishizawa, M.; Iida, S.; Abe, I.; Yamamoto, M. [NTT Integrated Information and Energy Systems Laboratories, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-08-20

NTT is developing a phosphoric-acid fuel-cell energy system for telecommunication co-generation systems to reduce energy costs and help preserve the environment. Fuel cells are used to provide electrical power to telecommunication equipment and the heat energy that is generated is used by the absorption refrigerators to cool the telecommunication rooms throughout the year. We field-tested this fuel-cell energy system in a telephone office. Two heat recovery methods were applied in the test: one uses direct steam heat recovery from fuel-cell stack coolant to keep the heat recovery temperature high and to avoid requiring a heat exchanger for the recovery; the other uses heat recovery from the reformer exhaust gas that is directly in contact with the heat recovery water to recover heat more economically. Our field tests confirmed that the average efficiency of heat recovery from fuel-cell stack coolant is 16%, and from the reformer exhaust gas is 9% under 80-kW continuous operation. Maximum total efficiency including electrical power efficiency was confirmed to be about 73% under the condition of 100-kW and an S/C ratio of 2.5 in the winter period: heat recovery from the fuel-cell stack coolant was 23%, from the reformer exhaust gas was 10%, and from electrical conversion was about 40%. 9 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.

Education for hydraulics and pneumatics in Nara National College of Technology; Nara Kogyo Koto Senmon Gakko ni okeru yukuatsu kyoiku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hayakawa, Y. [Nara Technical Coll., Nara (Japan)

2000-03-15

In the electronic control engineering course, basic knowledge is taught for mechanics, electronics/electricity, control, robotics, information processing, etc., with the purpose of bringing up practical mechatronics engineers, and then, training is conducted so that the students are able to deal with these subjects comprehensively. In the subject of hydraulics and pneumatics for the special course, a lecture on hydraulic and pneumatic control is given in the second year, where structures of hydraulic and pneumatic actuators are explained as well as the principle of operation and the control method. As the related experiment, measurement of liquid viscosity coefficient and flow measurement by a Venturi tube are carried out in the fourth year of the regular course. In addition, carried out in the fifth year are the measurement of stress by trailing velocity distribution of an object and the measurement of pressure distribution around a column. As a subject for graduation theses, a mobile carrier for welfare nursing is being developed using a pneumatic actuator. Development of a suitable actuator is also being developed simultaneously. In the education of electronic control engineering, it is essential to give the students understanding of hydraulic and pneumatic actuator control centering on the role of mechatronics. (NEDO)

Report of results of contract research. 'Research on magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) generation'; MHD hatsuden system no kenkyu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1980-03-01

Examination was conducted in detail on an MHD generation system by coal combustion, with the results reported. Concerning a gas table calculation program in coal combustion, it was prepared assuming 100% slag removal ratio in the combustor as the primary approximation. A combustor for MHD generation needs to efficiently burn fuel using high temperature pre-heated air as the oxidant, to fully dissociate/electrolytically dissociate seed, and to supply to the generation channel a high speed combustion gas plasma having a high electrical conductivity which is required for MHD generation. This year, an examination was conducted on technological problems in burning coal in an MHD combustor. As for the NOx elimination system in an MHD generation plant, an examination was made if the method studied so far in MHD generation using heavy oil as the fuel is applicable to coal. Also investigated and reviewed were various characteristics, change in physical properties, recovery method, etc., in a mixed state of seed and slag in the case of coal combustion MHD. (NEDO)

Survey of consolidation for gas turbine re-powering combined WPP (waste power plant) project; Gas turbine repowering haikibutsu fukugo hatsuden system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

This report describes the survey of gas turbine re-powering combined WPP (or super WPP), which was commercialized by Gunma Prefecture for the first time as an electric power wholesaler in Japan. An outline of the survey is introduced. The system optimization for the commercialization of WPP was studied by considering waste as un-utilized energy. A successful condition and preparation method of the commercialization of a public power plant was also studied, which is a combination of the garbage collection business of a local government and an electric power generation business of a municipal company. For the introduction of the aforementioned system, the problems and supporting methods were studied by making allowance for the profitability of the WPP introduction, because they also need to deliberate it from the economical point of view as electric power companies. Based on the results of foregoing items, commercialization plans, problems encountered from the construction phase through the maintenance and service phase, and the supporting method were arranged. 30 figs., 18 tabs.

Report on the fiscal 1996 development of high efficient waste power generation technology; 1996 nendo kokoritsu haikibutsu hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The technical development was made by which high-temperature/high-pressure steam is generated in the incineration furnace using general waste, combustible industrial waste, etc. as fuel to generate power high efficiently, and reliability of the superheater, etc. was verified by the pilot plant. For it, the following were conducted: development of element technology (high-temperature/high-efficiency combustion furnace, corrosion resistant super heater materials, environmental load reduction technology) and the demonstration (demonstrative test in pilot plant, study of an optimum total system). In relation to the external circulation type fluidized bed furnace, reformation was made which enables simultaneous sampling of dioxins, etc. The combustion test was done using the reformed combustion testing furnace to obtain the data necessary for the study of formation/decomposition mechanism of dioxin. The amount of corrosion reduction of superheater sample material for pilot plant use was determined. A study was made of improvement of removal of dioxins and NOx in the pulse plasma exhaust gas treatment method. The pilot plant was installed. 10 refs., 205 figs., 79 tabs.

Output characteristics of floating type wave power generator system using a ball screw; Fuyugata nejishiki haryoku hatsuden sochi no shutsuryoku tokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abe, T; Omata, K [Meiji University, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-27

A floating type wave power generator system using a ball screw is proposed. Output characteristics are simulated on the supposition of its employment aboard a navigational aid buoy. The relative linear movement produced by waves between the main body and float is transmitted via a load column to a ball nut and is converted into a rotary movement of a threaded shaft engaging the ball nut. Attached to the bottom end of the threaded shaft is a one-way clutch which connects to the generator axle when the relative velocity between the float and main body is positive. The simulation was conducted for a wave activated power generation buoy, 2.6m in outer diameter, 4.5m in length, and 6000kg in total mass. The buoy generated a mechanical output of 340kW when exposed to a sinusoidal wave 2.5 seconds in period and 40cm in wave height. A tank test was performed using a reduced scale model consisting of a ball screw, bicycle dynamo, and float, with the main body being 318mm in diameter and 833mm in length, when an average output of 4.51W was obtained at 60% efficiency. The results of the experiment agreed in some degree with the results of calculation, verifying the righteousness of the theoretical formula. 3 refs., 7 figs., 4 tabs.

FY 1989 report on the results of the development of the entrained bed coal gasification power plant. Support study for the development of the entrained bed coal gasification power plant; 1989 nendo seika hokokusho. Funryusho sekitan gaska hatsuden plant kaihatsu (Funryusho sekitan gaska hatsuden plant kaihatsu no shien kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1990-05-01

For the purpose of supplying the data necessary for construction/operation/maintenance of system, gas turbine, etc. of the desulfurization/dust removal process to be adopted to a pilot plant of 200t/d entrained bed coal gasification power generation, support study was made using the Yubari 40t/d test equipment, and the FY 1989 results were summarized. As to the operation of the 40t/d gasification system, operation was stably continued, and also the system was able to feed gas to the wake device. In the high temperature dry desulfurization test, test was made on the following: structure of the sampling system of the continuous analyzer installed in the coal gas system and circulation gas system, load response corresponding control system, sequence control of the system for supplying reducing agent to SO{sub 2} reduction tower and the system for ash discharge, back washing of D-42 lift gas filter, etc. In the high temperature dry dust removal test, improvement in filtration material/dust separation performance, sequence control of the filtration material supply/discharge system, continuous dust densitometer, operational automation, etc. Through the tests, obtained were the results that are useful for the 200t/d plant. (NEDO)

FY 1999 Report on the technical results. Part 1. Development of fuel cell power generation technologies (Research and development of molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system); 1999 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 1. Yoyu tansan'engata nenryo denchi (hatsuden system no kenknyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-05-01

This research and development project is aimed at development of the stacking, cooling and operating technologies for the molten carbonate fuel cell power generation systems, to improve service life and performance of these systems and reduce their cost, based on the results obtained so far by the FY 1993. The R and D efforts are directed to (1) technologies for improving stack performance, (2) development of the plant system by operating a 1,000kW class power generation system, and (3) support technologies, e.g., those for stack materials. The item (1) studies 3 stack types, cross-flow, parallel-flow and internal reforming types, including the electrodes, electrolyte-supporting bases and improvement of performance and service life by separator reforming for the cross-flow and parallel-flow types, and installation and operation of a 200kW class stack system for the internal reforming type, where cells are assembled into the system and tested for their operability, after the auxiliary units are PAC-tested. The item (2) installs a 1,000kW class plant, which is operated, after clearing the requirements set by the related laws, e.g., Electric Utility Industry Law, for starting the operation, to achieve the intended targets. The item (3) includes development of the technologies for stack materials, technologies for handling gases produced by coal gasification, and studies on the total systems. (NEDO)

Status and outlook of CFD technology at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nagoya. Mitsubishi Meiko ni okeru CFD gijutsu no genjo to tenbo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanioka, T [Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1990-09-01

The present and future were reviewed of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) technology in Nagoya Works, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Japan. The progress of the role of CFD in aerodynamic design and progress of CFD technology were reviewed. The followings were illustrated as examples of CFD analysis: design of a main wing for transonic private aircrafts by backward analysis, analysis of an airframe shape for the MU300 jet airplane with a panel method, Navier-stokes (NS) analysis of a transonic wing section, NS analysis of pressure distributions on the surfaces of the YXX airplane and space shuttle HOPE, and NS analysis of an aerodynamic heating distribution for spaceplanes. CFD tools were outlined for every developmental item such as a main wing, and requirements and subjects in practical use were discussed of several CFD tools for a rough check, precise performance check and parametric study. Such computer performance as a main memory capacity and processing speed required for the future practical use of advanced CFD was also discussed. 20 figs.

Study on evolution of internal damage in CFRP in fatigue process; Hiro katei ni okeru CFRP no naibu sonsho no kento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanaka, K. [Nagoya Univ. (Japan); Murakami, S. [Nagoya Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1998-05-15

Development of internal damage evolution in plates and thin tubular speciments of CFRP laminates under static and dynamic loadings are discussed by means of Acoustic Emission measurements and micrographical observations. The mechanical behavior of three kinds of speciments, i.e. undamaged laminate plates [+45deg{sub 4}/-45deg{sub 4}]{sub s}, damaged plates [+45deg{sub 4}/-45deg{sub 4}]{sub s} subjected to drop-weight impact and undamaged tubular speciments [ 45deg]{sub 4}, under quasi-static and fatigue loadings is observed first. Then the mechanism of the resulting inelastic behavior and the change in the mechanical properties are discussed in relation to the evolution of internal damage. Finally the distribution and the evolution of matrix crecks and delamination in the sliced section of the speciments are measured quantitatively in several stages of fatigue process. The dependence of damage distribution on the loading condition is elucidated. Namely, in the case of the stress ratio R=-0.25, the growth of damage zone involving the main crack is localized, and the main crack forms large delamination. On the other hand, for the stress ratio R=0, small cracks are distributed sparsely, but the main crack is not observed until the final stage of the fatifue process. 8 refs., 12 figs.

Characteristic analysis of turbulent heat diffusion in a multi-compartment structure; Takukakuka kukan kozo ni okeru ranryunetsu kakusan gensho no kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hu, C; Fukuchi, N [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1997-10-01

An analysis was made on turbulent heat diffusion in a multi-compartment structure necessary for designing calorific power and environment for functional systems used in marine vessels and off-shore structures. In a multi-compartment structure, the diffusion phenomenon is complex because of movement of air flow in turbulence and buoyancy resulted from non-isothermal condition. The phenomenon is largely affected by space shapes and walls, and the conditions in heat diffusion field is governed also by shapes of opening connecting the compartments. An analysis was made by using the SIMPLE method on turbulent heat diffusion in a multi-compartment space with high Raleigh number in which natural convection is dominant. If the opening is small, the Coanda effect appears, in which air flow passing through the opening rises along the wall, wherein a high-temperature layer is formed near the ceiling, making the heat diffusion inactive. If the opening is large, a jetting flow from the opening and a large circulating flow are created, which cause active advection mixture, making temperature gradient smaller in the upper layer. Heat transfer intensity in an opening on a partition wall decays in proportion with 1/4th power of the opening ratio. 7 refs., 11 figs.

Effect of total pressure on sulfur capture of Ca-ion exchanged coal; Kaatsu jokenka ni okeru Ca-tanjitan no datsuryu koka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lin, S.; Benjamin, G.; Abe, H.; Harano, A.; Takarada, T. [Gunma University, Gunma (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1996-10-28

In relation to coal gasification and combustion under high pressure as highly efficient coal utilization, the effect of total pressure and sintering on the SO2 capture ability of Ca-ion exchanged coal and other desulfurizing agents were studied. In experiment, specimens were filled into a small pressurized reactor to heat them under high-pressure N2 atmosphere. After the completion of combustion reaction of char at 850{degree}C, SO2, CO2 and CO gases were measured at an outlet while flowing SO2/N2. As the experimental result, all of the S content in Ca-ion exchanged coal was not absorbed by Ca content in coal during pyrolysis and combustion, resulting in discharge of 36% of the S content. Since Ca-ion exchanged coal is fast in combustion reaction, most of the S content was desulfurized by coal ash. The ash content yielded from Ca-ion exchanged coal was more excellent in SO2 capture ability than limestone even under higher pressure. In the case of CO2 partial pressure lower than equilibrium CO2 pressure for CaCO3 decomposition, the capture ability decreased with an increase in total pressure, while in higher CO2 partial pressure, it was improved. 1 ref., 7 figs., 2 tabs.

Effects of solvent and catalysts on the hydrogenolysis of alkylnaphthalenes; Alkylnaphthalene no suisoka bunkai ni okeru yobai to shokubai no koka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Futamura, S. [National Institute for Resources and Environment, Tsukuba (Japan)

1996-10-28

Catalytic effects of metal and carbon materials, which promote hydrogen transfer from hydrogen donor solvents, are investigated during hydrogenolysis of benzyl-1-methylnaphthalenes (BMN) selected as a hydrogen acceptor. For the isomer distribution of BMN after the reaction, almost the same molecular ratio before the reaction was obtained independent of the presence of catalysts. Selectivity of position during the addition of hydrogen atoms from tetralin was not found. For the reaction of BMN in tetralin, 1-methylnaphthalene and toluene were obtained as products, but the formation of benzylnaphthalene was not found. As for the nuclear hydride of BMN, the trace amount formation was confirmed by gas chromatography. For the hydrogen transfer from tetralin progressed catalytically, it was found that the nuclear of naphthalene can not be hydrogenated easily. This was considered to be due to the obstruction of hydrogen transfer from tetralin by the strong adsorption of BMN on the Ni surface. 1 ref., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

Photo-irradiation effects on GaAs atomic layer epitaxial growth. GaAs no genshiso epitaxial seicho ni okeru hikari reiki koka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mashita, M.; Kawakyu, Y.; Sasaki, M.; Ishikawa, H. (Toshiba Corp., Kawasaki (Japan). Research and Development Center)

1990-08-10

Single atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) aims at controlling a growing film at a precision of single molecular layer. In this article, it is reported that the growth temperature range of ALE was expanded by the vertical irradiation of KrF exima laser (248 nm) onto the substrate for the ALE growth of GaAs using the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method. Thanks for the results of the above experiment, it was demonstrated that the irradiation effect was not thermal, but photochemical. In addition, this article studies the possibility of adsorption layer irradiation and surface irradiation as the photo-irradiation mechanism, and points out that coexistence of both irradiation mechanisms can be considered and, in case of exima laser, strong possibility of direct irradiation of the adsorption layer because of its high power density. Hereinafter, by using both optical growth ALE and thermal growth ALE jointly, the degree of freedom of combination of hetero ALE increases and its application to various material systems becomes possible. 16 refs., 6 figs.

Study on the simulation time increments for solar DHW heating systems; Taiyonetsu kyuto simulation ni okeru keisan jikan kankaku no kento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, M; Udagawa, M [Kogakuin University, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Calculation time intervals effective in simulating solar DHW systems were discussed, taking into account water temperature in a heat storage tank and calorific power in supplied hot water. The discussion was given on a direct heat collecting system in which heat passes through a heat collector from the bottom of the heat storage tank and returns to the center of the tank, and an indirect heat collecting system which has a heat exchanger built inside the heat storage tank at its bottom. The calculation was performed with time intervals of one to sixty minutes and five to forty-five layer divisions. The following results were obtained: because the calorific power of the hot water supplied is underestimated in the calculation if the calorific power of one hot water supply is extremely large, the calculation time intervals must be reduced to 1 to 15 minutes; cumulative calorific power of the hot water supply was found to show little variation if the number of division is greater than fifteen; and the daily cumulative effective heat collection amount shows very little variation due to the calculation time intervals, but errors from the measured value have decreased as the smaller the number of layer division in the direct heat collecting system, and as the greater the number of division in the indirect heat collecting system. 4 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.

R and D contract management systems in the USA (Attachment); Beikoku ni okeru R and D contract kanri system (tenpu shiryohen)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-02-01

Presented herein is the attachment for 'R and D contract management systems in the USA'. The major contents include regulations governing the R and D contracts, procedures for the R and D contracts, financial procedures for the R and D contracts, procedures for the alternative R and D contracts, financial management of the R and D contracts, and activities for the management of the contract processes by electronic systems. (NEDO)

Study on recent research trends in the chemical fields; Kagaku bun`ya ni okeru saikin no kenkyu doko ni kansuru chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

This research is conducted to search study themes of chemistry expected towards the 21st century. The complex compound in the fundamental chemistry field and the bio-medical materials in the applied chemistry field are taken up. Bio-medical materials are used for the restoration, rehabilitation, and treatment of the organ and the improvement of its functions. For implants such as hearts, anti-thrombin and anti-calcium precipitation effects and high endurance are required. In this field, special copolymers and bio-membrane-emulating surfaces are studied. For artificial organs, hybrid type materials combining cells, and physiologically active and artificial materials are also studied. There are studies on the missile therapy of drugs and DDS (drug delivery system). The complex compounds contain metallic elements, such as Fe, Mn, Co and Cu, and groups known as ligands which combine these metal elements. They can have a variety of stereo-structures and physical properties. They also exhibit a diversity of functions including electron donor bonding, molecular recognition, chemical substitution, and pharmaceutical activity. These features open up a promising potential for their prospective use as physiologically active substances, cancerostats, new materials, artificial photosynthesis, memory elements, and complex catalysts. 88 refs., 35 figs., 6 tabs.

Survey result of airborne electromagnetic survey in the Hachimantai Sumikawa landslide area; Hachimantai Sumikawa jisuberi ni okeru kuchu denjiho chosa kekka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Konishi, N; Nakamura, N; Miyamoto, T [Nippon Engineering Consultant Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-22

For the study of a landslide that occurred at Hachimantai Sumikawa, Akita Prefecture, an airborne electromagnetic survey is conducted for the examination of the relationship between the spot of landslide and solfataric clay (bluish gray clay). The location is a cap block type structure with a Neogene green tuff overlain by accumulated lava flow, where hot water is very active. The system used in this study is capable of measurement across a very wide frequency range, and measurements are made simultaneously at five frequencies of 220Hz, 1100Hz, 5500Hz, 27,500Hz, and 137,500Hz, these frequencies meaning depth levels 5m-70m explored. It is found that the spot of landslide matches a region where resistivity is so low as to be not higher than 10ohm/m. It is also found, in the resistivity cross section analysis for the middle part of the spot of landslide, that the mass of soil that moved on the upper part of the spot is relatively high in resistivity while the part below the slide surface is low in resistivity. There is agreement between the results reported above and the results of on-site investigations. 4 refs., 6 figs.

Horn amplification at a tyre/road interface. Pt. 1. Experiment and computation; Tire/romenkan ni okeru horn koka. Jikken to keisan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fujikawa, T. [Japan Automobile Research Institute Inc., Tsukuba (Japan)

2000-01-01

Tyre/road interface noise can be amplified by a horn type space formed by the tread face of the tyre and the road. This paper is a report on studies on experiment and computation to elucidate the above phenomenon in detail. Measurement and computation were carried out on a tyre replaced with a single cylinder, whereas it was verified that the horn effect by each frequency can be calculated by BEM computation. Then, discussions were given on actual tyres combined with the BEM computation, and the following results were acquired: (1) the horn effect is small in zones of low frequencies; (2) the larger the tread width, the larger the horn effect increases; (3) the relationship between the tread width and the horn effect is governed by the ratio of the road contact width to noise wavelength; (4) the frequency characteristics of the horn effect vary largely according to whether the sound source exists in forward or rearward locations; (5) the relationship between the forward and rearward locations of the sound source with the horn effect is governed by the distance between the front and rear ends of the road contact face of the tyre; (6) the smaller the radius of the tread shoulder, the greater the horn effect; (7) tread deformation due to load applied on the tyre slightly changes the frequency characteristics of the horn effect; (8) with the sound source existing closer to the center of ground contacting width, the horn effect increases; and (9) the present study has verified the horn effect of 22 dB as the maximum. If the sound source is not present at the center of ground contacting width, the horn effect is reduced to about 10 dB, but the value cannot be ignored as the influence on traffic noise. (translated by NEDO)

Magnetotelluric investigation in and around southern part of Hidaka metamorphic belt in Hokkaido, Japan; Hidaka henseitai nanbuiki ni okeru MT kansoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, H; Utsugi, M; Hirano, K; Doi, T; Nishida, Y; Arita, K [Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan)

1996-05-01

An MT observation was conducted in the Hidaka district, Hokkaido, for the estimation of the 2D resistivity structure in the southern part of the metamorphic belt, when frequencies of the VLF, ELF, and ULF bands were used. An approximately 42km-long traverse line was set to cross the Hidaka metamorphic belt from east to west. As for the observation points, 48 VLF points, 16 ELF points, and 4 ULF points were provided. During the data processing, impedance tensor was calculated in the frequency domain for the determination of the apparent resistivity relative to frequency and the phase difference. As the result, it was found that there is a fairly large resistivity gap between observation spots MNS and KWR and that the boundary corresponds to the Hidaka metamorphic belt, that the metamorphic belt that is reflected as a conspicuous high-resistivity layer in the VLF-, ELF-MT slopes down toward the east and has a distribution as deep as 10km in the vicinity of observation point KWR, that this high-resistivity layer sandwiches a low-resistivity layer at a depth of 5-7km, and that on the east side of the metamorphic belt there is a medium-resistivity layer creeping under the belt from the east side toward the west side. 5 refs., 6 figs.

Analysis of output characteristics of PV modules under natural sunlight; Shizen taiyokoka ni okeru taiyo denchi module shutsuryoku tokusei no kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murai, Y.; Igari, S. [Japan Quality Assurance of Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

The paper measured current/voltage characteristics of various PV modules under natural light and analyzed various characteristics such as generated output and module power generation efficiency. In the experiment, installing various PV modules at the solar techno center located at north latitude 34.7deg and east longitude 137.6deg, measurement was made by I-V curve tracer, pyranometer, and thermocouple buried on the module back. As a result, the following were confirmed: As to the monthly mean power generation efficiency, the crystalline system is lowest in summer and highest in winter, and the amorphous system highest in summer and lowest in winter. Concerning the power generation efficiency and illuminance, the gap of power generation efficiency between at high illuminance and at low illuminance is large in the crystalline system and small in amorphous system. Relating to the azimuth angle of module installation and the generated output, the installation inclined 15deg angle west in summer and 15deg angle east in fall/winter generates more power in the crystalline system. On the contrary, the installation on the south face generates more power in the amorphous system. 4 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs.