Kyrgyzstan Country Profile

Science.gov (United States)

2009-07-01

Department of the Navy and the Naval Postgraduate School of the linked web sites, or the information, products or services contained therein. Table of...beds: Number of beds per 10,000 population19 13 “Kuda dvizhetsa sistema obrazovaniya Kyrgyzskoy...April 25, 2009 25 Official web site of the President Bakiev: http://www.president.kg/en/ 12 First Deputy Prime-Minister Omurbek Babanov

Radioactive preparation of defects in solids; Creation de defauts dans les solides au moyen de radioisotopes; Ispol'zovanie radioaktivnosti dlya obrazovaniya defektov v tverdykh telakh; Creacion de deiectos en los solidos mediante radioisotopos

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Lambe, J [Physics Department, Ford Motor Company, Scientific Laboratory, Dearborn, MI (United States)

1962-01-15

moleculaire solide. Les experiences effectuees montrent que l'emploi de ce procede est tout a fait possible et devrait convenir plus particulierement a la production de radicaux libres dans les matieres organiques dont la radioresistance est assez forte. (author) [Spanish] El estudio de los defectos que aparecen en los cristales casi perfectos constituye uno de los capitulos mas interesantes de la fisica del estado solido. Por lo tanto, la creacion controlada de los defectos deseados representa un aspecto primordial de esos estudios. Dos de los metodos que mas se emplean para introducir defectos de esta clase consisten en agregar deliberadamente impurezas quimicas y en radioinducir danos. El autor ha estudiado la posililidad de valerse de la desintegracion radiactiva para crear defectos en los solidos, La tecnica se basa simplemente en obtener un material lo mas perfecto posible, pero en el que algunos de los atomos del cristal consistan en isotopos radiactivos del mismo elemento. Al desintegrarse estos atomos, el elemento descendiente origina un defecto. A fin de comprobar la posibilidad de aplicar esta tecnica, el autor preparo atomos de tritio incorporados en cristales de tritio molecular solido. Los experimentos indican que el metodo es viable, y que deberia poder aplicarse ante todo a la separacion de aquellos radicales libres contenidos en sustancias organicas que sean bastante resistentes a los danos ocasionados por las radiaciones. (author) [Russian] Odnoj iz naibolee interesnykh oblastej fiziki tverdogo sostoyaniya yavlyaetsya izuchenie defektov v pochti sovershennykh kristallakh. Takim obrazom, umyshlennoe obrazovanie takikh defektov yavlyaetsya vazhnym aspektom ehtikh issledovanij. Dlya proizvodstva takikh defektov byli shiroko rasprostraneny metody khimicheskikh dobavlenij i povrezhdeniya radiatsiej. V nastoyashchem trude rassmatrivayutsya nekotorye vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnogo raspada dlya obrazovaniya defektov v tverdykh telakh. Metod ehtot

Regularities of radiation defects build up on oxide materials surface; Zakonomernosti nakopleniya radiatsionnykh defektov na poverkhnosti oksidnykh materialov

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Bitenbaev, M I; Polyakov, A I [Fiziko-Tekhnicheskij Inst., Almaty (Kazakhstan); Tuseev, T [Inst. Yadernoj Fiziki, Almaty (Kazakhstan)

2005-07-01

Analysis of experimental data by radiation defects study on different oxide elements (silicon, beryllium, aluminium, rare earth elements) irradiated by the photo-, gamma-, neutron-, alpha- radiation, protons and helium ions show, that gas adsorption process on the surface centers and radiation defects build up in metal oxide correlated between themselves. These processes were described by the equivalent kinetic equations for analysis of radiation defects build up in the different metal oxides. It was revealed in the result of the analysis: number of radiation defects are droningly increasing up to limit value with the treatment temperature growth. Constant of radicals death at ionizing radiation increases as well. Amount of surface defects in different oxides defining absorbing activity of these materials looks as: silicon oxide{yields}beryllium oxide{yields}aluminium oxide. So it was found, that most optimal material for absorbing system preparation is silicon oxide by it power intensity and berylium oxide by it adsorption efficiency.

Preliminary experiments with a solid-state ionization chamber; Experiences preliminaires au moyen d'une chambre d'ionisation a milieu solide; Predvaritel'nye opyty s tverdoj ionizatsionnoj kameroj; Experimentos preliminares con una camara de ionizacion en estado solido

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Griffiths, R J; Batty, C J [National Institute for Research and Nuclear Science, Harwell (United Kingdom); Gibbons, P E; Northrop, D C [Service' s Electronics Research Laboratory, Baldock, Didcot (United Kingdom)

1962-04-15

A solid-state ionization chamber has been made by diffusing phosphorus into high-resistivity silicon to form ohmic contacts. Such a detector has been successfully used to detect 30-MeV protons. Preliminary results are given and discussed. (author) [French] Une chambre d'ionisation a milieu solide a ete realisee par diffusion de phosphore dans du silicium de haute resistivite pour former des contacts ohmiques. Un detecteur de cette nature a ete utilise avec succes pour detecter des protons de 30 MeV. Les auteurs presentent les resultats preliminaires obtenus. (author) [Spanish] Se ha construido una camara de ionizacion en estado solido, por difusion de fosforo en silicio de elevada resistividad para formar contactos ohmicos. Con esta camara se han logrado detectar protones de 30 MeV. Los autores presentan y examinan los resultados preliminares obtenidos. (author) [Russian] Tverdaya ionizatsionnaya kamera izgotovlena putem vklyucheniya fosfora v kremnij s vysokoj udel'noj soprotivlyaemost'yu dlya obrazovaniya omicheskikh kontaktov. Takoj detektor uspeshno primenyaetsya dlya obnaruzheniya protonov v 30 mehv. Predstavleny i obsuzhdayutsya predvaritel'nye rezul'taty. (author)

Simulation of << Hot >> particles formation during the accident at the Chernobyl NPP.; Modelirovanie obrazovaniya << goryachikh >> chastits vo vremya avarii na ChAEhS.

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Kashparov, V A; Ivanov, Yu A; Prister, B S; Zvarich, S I; Protsak, V P; Khomutinin, Yu V; Polyakov, V D; Gudkov, A N; Kurepin, A D; Pazukhin, Eh M [Yinstitut Syil` s` kogospodars` koyi Radyiologyiyi, Kyiv (Ukraine); [Moskovskij Inzhenerno-Fizicheskij Inst., Moscow (Russian Federation)

1994-12-31

Dispersal composition of fuel << hot >> particles formed after oxidation of real Chernobyl nuclear fuel in the air for 3-21 hours at 673-1173 K was obtained. Mechanism of ruthenium particles formation during the accident (with dispersion of nuclear fuel) as a result of ruthenium oxidation, its sublimation, condensation and restoration on materials, presented by the elements of iron group was modelled. Dynamics of relative release of fission products, as well as of transuranium and transplutonium elements from real and modeled << hot >> particles at their high temperature incineration (1273-2273 K) in the inert media was measured.

Off-shell effects in the model of spectator electroproduction of cumulative nucleons; Ehffekty skhoda s massovoj poverkhnosti v modeli spektatornogo obrazovaniya kumulyativnykh nuklonov

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Sargsyan, M M

1992-12-31

The effects of deeply bound nucleons are considered in the reaction of deuteron quasielastic electro disintegration, where the spectator nucleon and scattered electrons are registered in coincidence. Both, the off-shell influence on the description of nucleon motion in nuclear surrounding and the modification of deeply bound nucleon form - factors are investigated as two aspects of the off-shell effect manifestation. The possibility to control the extent of interacting nucleon binding energy by varying the spectator nucleon kinematic parameters (p{sub s},{theta}{sub s},{phi}{sub s}) is an advantage of the reactions considered. The cross section ratios of these processes are considered under specific kinematical conditions, which allow to investigate unambiguously the manifestations of deeply bound effects. To estimate the extent of the phenomena expected, we present the results of calculation of R ratios in the framework of models that take the off-shell effects into account differently. The effects of bound nucleon form - factor modification are estimated according to the model of mini delocalization, which predicts the bound nucleon swelling in nuclear environment. 28 refs.

Graft Polymerization of Styrene to Polyethylene; Polymerisation par greffage du styrene sur des pellicules de polyethylene; Privitaya polimerizatsiya stirola k poliehtilen; Polimerizacion por injerto de estireno en polietileno

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Silverman, J.; Srinivasan, S. I.; Phalangas, C. J. [Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)

1963-11-15

takzhe skorost' prevrashcheniya stirola v gomopolimer v suspenziyakh legkoj melkokristalliches koj kal'tsinirovannoj sody. Dlya opredeleniya kolichestva okklyudirovannogo gomopolimera provedeno issledovanie pod mikroskopom privitoj plenki. Rezul'taty pokazyvayut, chto bol'shaya chast' prirosta vesa v obraztsakh plenki usloalena okklyudirovannym gomopolimerom. V ehksperimentakh s legkoj melkokristallicheskoj kal'tsinirovannoj sodoj, pri kotorykh prirost vesa v znachitel'noj stepeni ob{sup y}asnyaetsya privitym sopolimerom, uvelichenie vesa nakhoditsya v primernoj linejnoj zavisimosti ot dozy, a skorost' reaktsii pochti proportsional'na kornyu kvadratnomu iz moshchnosti gamma-oblucheniya. Nizkaya ehnergiya aktivatsii dlya. skorosti reaktsii isklyuchaet vozmozhnost' kontrolya diffuzii v legkoj melkokristallicheskoj kal'tsinirovannoj sode i v tonkikh plenkakh pri moshchnostyakh oblucheniya nizhe 10{sup 5} r/hr. Pri ehksperimentakh v legkoj melkokristallicheskoj kal'tsinirovannoj sode pri temperature 18{sup o}C i moshchnosti dozy 7,2 x 10{sup 4} r/hr skorost' obrazovaniya gomopolimera takaya zhe, kak i v sluchae obrazovaniya polimera v chistoj stirole. Ehnergiya aktivatsii, ravnaya 3,5 kkal/moya{sup ,} pochti vdvoe men'she velichiny''dlya chistogo monomera. (author)

Sterilization by Gamma-Radiation of the Sodium Salt of p-Amino-Salicylic Acid; Sterilisation par irradiation gamma du sel sodique de l' acide p-amino salicylique; Sterilizatsiya gamma-oblucheniem natrievoj soli paraaminosalitsilovoj kisloty; Esterilizacion porirradiacion gamma dela sal sodica del acido p-aminosalicilico

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Bellion, B.; Denti, E.; Massagli, A. [Sorin, Centro Ricerche Nucleari, Saluggia (Italy)

1963-11-15

Sodium p-amino-salicylate cannot be sterilized thermally. During manufacture or packing for medical purposes it must therefore be handled under sterilized conditions, with all the difficulties which this involves. The paper quotes experimental data to show that, using gamma irradiation, the product may be sterilized without damage and without the formation of substances harmful from the medical standpoint. (author) [French] Le p-amino salicylate de sodium ne peut Etre sterilise par la chaleur. Pour l'emploi de ce produit comme medicament on est donc oblige de l e manipuler tant pour la fabrication que pour l'emballage, dans des locaux steriles, avec toutes les difficultes qui s'ensuivent. Dans ce travail, les auteurs ont pu demontrer experimentalement la possibilite de steriliser le produit par irradiation gamma, sans endommager le produit et sans formation de substances nocives pour l'emploi medical. (author) [Spanish] El pamino salicilato de sodio no puede esterilizarse por vfa termica y, por lo tanto, para emplearlo como medicamento es preciso prepararlo y empaquetarlo en locales esterilizados, con las dificultades consiguientes; Los autores han demostrado experimentalmente que es posible esterilizar este compuesto por exposicion a los rayos gamma, sin alterarlo y sin que se formen substancias nocivas desde el punto de vista medico. (author) [Russian] Natrievaya sol' paraaminosalitsilovoj kisloty ne mozhet byt' sterilizovana pri pomoshchi nagreva, i dlya togo, chtoby ispol'zovat' ehtot produkt v kachestve medikamenta, nuzhno obrabatyvat' ego kak v protsesse proizvodstva, tak i pri upakovke v steril'nykh pomeshcheniyakh so vsemi vytekayushchimi otsyuda trudnostyami. V dannoj rabote avtory smogli ehksperimental'nym putem dokazat' vozmozhnost' sterilizatsii ehtogo produkta gamma-oblucheniem bez ushcherba dlya ehtogo produkta i bez obrazovaniya vrednykh veshchestv, chto pozvolyaet ego v meditsine. (author)

Creation of a mobile plant for hardening low volumes of liquid radioactive waste with low specific activity at the sport of their formation.; Sozdanie peredvizhnoj ustanovki dlya otverzhdeniya malykh ob`emov zhidkikh radioaktivnykh otkhodov nizkoj udel`noj aktivnosti v mestakh ikh obrazovaniya.

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Kovalenko, V N; Petrichenko, V S [Naukovo-Tekhnyichnij Tsentr z dezaktivatsyiyi ta kompleksnogo povodzhennya z radyioaktivnimi vyidkhodami, Zhovtyi Vodi (Ukraine)

1994-12-31

A device and a principle of work of an experimental prototype of a mobile plant intended for immediate hardening of low volumes (to 10 l) of liquid radioactive waste with low level of activity at the enterprises have been described.

Use of alpha-radiation for the industrial measurement of surface weight; Utilisation du rayonnement alpha pour les mesures industrielles de poids superficiel; Primenenie al'fa-oblucheniya dlya promyshlennogo izmereniya vesa naruzhnogo pokrova; Empleo industrial de los rayos alfa para la medicion de pesos por unidad de superficie

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Perette, J; Maugest, J [Compagnie d' Applications et Recherches Atomiques, Saint-Denis (France)

1962-01-15

los rayos alfa para llevar a cabo mediciones industriales del peso por unidad de superficie de materiales de espesor reducido. El aprovechamiento industrial de estas tecnicas pudo desarrollarse gracias al perfeccionamiento de nuevos aparatos que, si bien aplican tecnicas tradicionales, fueron especialmente disenados para el empleo de rayos alfa. Para compensar las variaciones de la capacidad de absorcion en el intervalo que media entre la fuente y el detector, es indispensable emplear un metodo diferencial de dos recorridos. La alimentacion de las camaras de ionizacion con corriente alterna permite utilizar circuitos de amplificacion y de deteccion alternos sin necesidad de transformar previamente la corriente de ionizacion. El intervalo de medicion abarca de 6 a 55 gramos por metro cuadrado, con una aproximacion del 1 por ciento en condiciones de perfecta estabilidad. Los autores describen el dispositivo completo utilizado para efectuar mediciones continuas en las maquinas industriales. La tecnica descrita puede adaptarse igualmente a los rayos beta. (author) [Russian] Vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniya al'fa-oblucheniya dlya promyshlennogo izmereniya vesa naruzhnogo pokrova tonkikh materialov uzhe neodnokratno izlagalis'. Primenenie ehtikh metodov v promyshlennosti stalo vozmozhno blagodarya issledovaniyam, proizvedennym s pomoshch'yu novoj apparatury, kotoraya naryadu s ispol'zovaniem ee v obychnykh usloviyakh spetsial'no prisposoblena dlya primeneniya al'fa-oblucheniya. Primenenie differentsial'nogo metoda s dvumya kanalami neobkhodimo dlya uravnoveshivaniya kolebanij, kotorye mogut byt' pogloshcheny rasstoyaniem mezhdu istochnikom i detektorom. Peremennoe snabzhenie ionizatsionnykh kamer pozvolyaet ispol'zovat' pere- mennye usilitel'nye kontury i provodit' obnaruzhenie bez predvaritel'nogo prevrashcheniya ionizatsionnogo toka. Izmerenie provoditsya shkaloj s deleniem ot shesti do 55 grammov na kvadratnyj metr s tochnost'yu do odnogo protsenta v usloviyakh khoroshej

Isotopic data to study the mechanism of the oxidation of mercaptoacetic acid; Donnees isotopiques pour l'etude du mecanisme d'oxydation de l'acide mercaptoacetique; Izotopnyj metod issledovaniya mekhanizma okisleniya merkapgouksusnoj kisloty; Estudio del mecanismo de oxidacion del acido mercaptoacetico por medio de datos obtenidos con radioisotopos

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Gal, D [Central Isotope Laboratory, University of Szeged (Hungary); Guczi, L [Department of Radiology, Elelmiszeripari Kutato Intezet, Budapest (Hungary)

1962-03-15

comparacion de esos resultados con otros datos cineticos, se puede demostrar que la autooxidacion del acido mercaptoacetico en fase liquida constituye una reaccion en cadena ramificada, una de cuyas ramas principales es la formacion de Na{sub 2}S y su oxidacion subsiguiente. Los autores tambien comprobaron que el sulfato que aparece durante la reaccion, procede exclusivamente del sulfuro inorganico. El hierro cataliza la formacion de disulfuro organico y, por lo tanto, ejerce tambien influencia sobre la formacion del sulfuro. (author) [Russian] Mnogie issledovateli izuchali protsessy samookisleniya slozhnykh veshchestv, soderzhashchikh merkaptonovuyu gruppu, s pomoshch'yu molekulyarnogo kisloroda v zhidkoj faze. Ukazyvalos', chto vo vremya reaktsii obrazuetsya sul'fid, no do sikh por ne udavalos' opredelit' tochnogo mekhanizma ehtogo protsessa. Bylo provedeno issledovanie okisleniya merkaptouksusnoj kisloty pri 50{sup o} i pri pH = 8 kak v prisutstvii kompleksona IV, tak i v prisutstvii zheleza. V sistemu byl vveden Na{sub 2}S, mechennyj S{sup 35}, i bylo ustanovleno, chto Na{sub 2}S znachitel'no uvelichivaet skorost' zakhvata kisloroda kak pri protsesse katalizirovannym zhelezom, tak i v protsesse, svobodnom ot ionov zheleza. Vo vremya reaktsii byli izmereny kontsentratsiya sul'fida, ego udel'naya aktivnost' i obshchaya aktivnost'. Na osnovanii ehtikh dannykh i blagodarya vyrabotannomu Nejmanom i ego sotrudnikami kineticheskomu metodu izotopov, predstavilos' vozmozhnym podschitat' temp obrazovaniya sul'fida i ego dal'nejshego okisleniya. Sopostavlenie ehtikh dannykh s drugimi kineticheskimi dannymi pokazalo, chto okislenie merkaptouksusnoj kisloty v zhidkoj faze yavlyaetsya tsepnoj reaktsiej odna iz glavnykh tsepej v ehtoj reaktsii obrazuetsya posredstvom obrazovaniya Na{sub 2}S i ego dal'nejshego okisleniya. Krome togo, bylo ustanovleno, chto vo vremya reaktsii obrazuetsya sul'fat, no tol'ko cherez posredstvo neorganicheskogo sul'fida. Zhelezo katalizirovalo obrazovanie

Investigation into CdS nanocrystal growth regularities in silicate glass and in the thin films SiO{sub 2} at the initial stages of solid solution phase decomposi8tion; Issledovanie zakonomernostej rosta nanokristalov CdS v silikatnom stekle i v tonkikh plenkakh SiO{sub 2} na nachal`nykh stadiyakh fazovogo raspada tverdogo rastvora

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Gurevich, S A; Ekimov, A I; Kudryavtsev, I A [AN SSSR, Leningrad (Russian Federation). Fiziko-Tekhnicheskij Inst.

1994-05-01

Regularities of CdS semiconductor hanocrystal growth in amorphous media (silicate glasses and SiO{sub 2} thin films) are investigated. Dependences of crystal mean dimension on the annealing time show that in accordance with the theory of phase decomposition the crystal growth has the successive stages of nuclei formation and diffusion growth. By means of the nuclei mean radius dependences on the annealing temperature are determined the temperatures of CdS solubility in the matrix material. Effect of the annealing atmosphere composition on the growth and optical properties of CdS nanocrystals is shown.

A punched-card library of neutron cross-sections and its use in the mechanized preparation of group cross-sections for use in Monte Carlo, Carlson S{sub n} and other multi-group neutronics calculations on high-speed computers

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Parker, K [Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston (United Kingdom)

1962-03-15

vklyuchayut mnogogruppovoe transportnoe priblizhenie i polnuyu obrabotku anizotropnogo rasseyaniya, ispol'zuya momenty mnogochlena Lezhandra matritsy peredachi rasseyaniya. Printsipy obrazovaniya gruppovoj postoyannoj obsuzhdayutsya i illyustriruyutsya pri pomoshchi opisaniya sistem gruppovykh postoyannykh, podkhodyashchikh dlya raschetov reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh. Obsuzhdayutsya takie prakticheskie problemy, kak ehmpiricheskoe sogla- sovanie gruppovykh postoyannykh dlya vosproizvodstva integral'nykh rezul'tatov i prive-denie mnogogruppovoj sistemy postoyannykh k malogruppovoj sisteme. (author)

Radiation Synthesis of Stannous Dibromodibutyl; Synthese radiochimique de l'etain dibromopibutyle; Radiatsionno-khimicheskij sintez dibromdibutilolova; Sintesis radioquimica del dffiromodibutilestano

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Abramova, L. V.; Vereshchinskij, I. V.; Kocheshkov, K. A.; Miretskij, V. Yu.; Pozdneev, V. V.; Ryabukhin, Yu. S.; Sheverdina, N. I.

1963-11-15

dosimetro de sulfato de hierro es de {approx}50 rad/s. Se utilizaron diversas proporciones de estafio metalico en polvo y bromuro de butilo de distintos grados de pureza. Se comprobo que en tales condiciones se desarrolla una reaccion radioquimica orientada en virtud de la cual se produce basicamente dibromodibutilestaflo con elevado rendimiento. Se demostro que el proceso tiene un periodo de induccion cuya duracion depende de la pureza del bromuro de butilo inicial. Este mismo factor influye tambien notablemente en la velocidad de formacion del producto final. Se comprobo que el estafio que no interviene en la reaccion puede volver a utilizarse para obtener dibromodibutilestaflo, pero en ese caso se anula por completo el periodo de induccion. Estas propiedades satisfacen los requisitos para la realizacion de un proceso continuo. Los autores proponen un mecanismo de reaccion, para explicar las leyes de este proceso que se desarrolla con un elevado rendimiento radioquimico. (author) [Russian] Printsipial'naya vozmozhnost' sinteza olovoorganicheskikh soedinenij pri dejstvii {gamma}-izlucheniya Co{sup 60} na smesi metallicheskogo olova i sootvetstvuyushchikh galoidalkilov vpervye byla ustanovlena Abramovoj, Kocheshkovym i SHeverdinoj v 1956 g. Usloviya provedeniya opytov v steklyannoj apparature bez peremeshivaniya ne pozvolyali vyyavit' kineticheskie zakonomernosti obrazovaniya ehtogo klassa metalloorganicheskikh soedinenij. Nastoyashchaya rabota byla postavlena dlya vyyasneniya vliyaniya ryada faktorov na skorost' radiatsionno-khimicheskogo sinteza olovoorganicheskikh soedinenij na primere dibromdibutilolova. S ehtoj tsel'yu byla skonstruirovana i izgotovlena spetsial'naya ustanovka s periodicheskoj zagruzkoj komponentov i vygruzkoj produktov reaktsii. Otlichitel'nymi osobennostyami ustanovki yavlyalis' vozmozhnost' ee termostatirovaniya, osushchestvlenie ehffektivnogo peremeshivaniya i periodicheskogo otbora prob dlya analizov. Osnovnoj uzel ustanovki (reaktsionnyj sosud iz

Adsorption studies at ionized surface layers by means of hot atoms; Etude, a l'aide d'atomes excites, de l'adsorption dans des couches superficielles ionisees; Issledovanie pri pomoshchi goryachikh atomov adsorbtsii na ionizirovannykh poverkhnostnykh sloyakh; Estudios, con ayuda de atomos excitados, de la adsorcion en capas superficiales ionizadas

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Avrahami, Menashe; Steiger, Naftali H [Department of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa (Israel)

1962-03-15

poverkhnostnogo izbytka pri pomoshchi nadlezhashchim obrazom izmenennoj izotermy Gibbsa, udalos' opredelit' adsorbtsiyu Bi{sup +++} i Pb{sup ++} po otnosheniyu k adsorbtsii Na{sup +} i H{sub 3}O{sup +} i tem samym ustanovit' stepen' ionnogo obmena v adsorbirovannom sloe. Tak kak ehtot metod pozvolyaet izmeryat' adsorbtsiyu zaryazhennykh chastits, to mozhno bylo prosledit' za poverkhnostnymi reaktsiyami, prevrashchayushchimi pervichnye pogloshchennye organicheskie aniony v neionnoe sostoyanie. Iz ehtogo mozhno bylo vyvesti zaklyuchenie otnositel'no obrazovaniya neionizirovannogo kislotnogo myla na poverkhnosti i otnositel'no obrazovaniya nitselly v masse rastvora pri razlichnykh ehksperimental'nykh usloviyakh. (author)

Present Status of Nitrogen Fixation by Reactor Radiation; Etat Actuel des Recherches sur l'oxydation directe de l'azote sous irradiation dans des reacteurs; Sovremennoe sostoyani opytov po okisleniyu azota izlucheniem iz reaktorov; Estado actual de las investigaciones sobre fijacion del nitrogeno por irradiacion en reactores

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Harteck, P; Dondes, S [Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (United States)

1960-07-15

sistema funktsioniruet v nastoyashchee vremya v Brukkhejvenskom reaktore v zakrytom konture. Dayutsya dannye o vliyanii temperatury, davleniya, proportsii smesi i intensivnosti izlucheniya, chto mozhet byt' ispol'zovano dlya proektirovaniya budushchego khimiko-yadernogo reaktora. Sushchestvuyushchaya sistema rabotaet pri davlenii v 10 atmosfer i pri .temperature v 150''oC. Temperatura zavisit ot ehnergii rasshchepleniya chastits, osvobozhdaemoj v steklyannom volokne, i ot ognestojkosti zakrytogo kontura. V nastoyashchee vremya stroitsya drugoj zakrytyj kontur, kotoryj dolzhen rabotat' pri davlenii v 50-75 atmosfer i pri temperature v 600''oC. EHti zakrytye kontury dayut vozmozhnost' sudit' o parametrakh potochnykh sistem, vklyuchaya povedenie produktov rasshchepleniya, vypuskaemykh v gazovyj potok. Slozhnaya kinetika okisleniya azota opisyvaetsya na trekh stadiyakh : nachal'nye reaktsii v sisteme; reaktsii posle obrazovaniya nekotorogo kolichestva okislennogo azota i, nakonets, kinetika pri ustanovlenii ravnovesiya izlucheniya. Rassmatrivayuts ya usloviya obrazovaniya N{sub 2}0{sub 5}, N{sub 2}0{sub 4} i O{sub 3}, a takzhe ikh vliyanie na ves' protsess. (author)

Physical Properties of P.V.C. Attenuated Network Copolymers Produced by Ionizing Radiation; Proprietes physiques des copolymeres obtenus sous l'action de rayonnements ionisants et dont le reseau est attenue par l'effet du chlorure de polyvinyle; Fizicheskie svojstva polivinilkhloridnykh obednennykh tsepej sopolimerov, poluchennykh v rezul'tate vozdejstviya ioniziruyushchej radiatsii; Propiedades fisicas de los copolimeros de redes atenuadas por cloruro de polivinilo obtenidos por irradiacion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pinner, S H [Tube Investments Research Laboratories, Hinxton Hall, Cambridge (United Kingdom)

1960-07-15

perekrestnykh svyazej v polivinilkhloride s pomoshch'yu ioniziruyushchej radiatsii stavit osobye problemy. V svyazi s neblagopriyatnym obrazovaniem poperechnykh svyazej i parametrami razrusheniya svyazej dlya dannogo polimera dozy radiatsii, neobkhodimye dlya obrazovaniya prochnykh tsoperechnykh plotnostej soedinenij, yavlyayutsya slishkom bol'shimi i parallel'no s ehtim proiskhodit protsess obestsvechivaniya i degidrogalogenirovaniya. EHti trudnosti udalos' preodolet' putem vvedeniya diallilovykh i triallilovykh ehfirov v polivinilkhlorid eshche do oblucheniya. Takim obrazom udalos' poluchit' produkty s prochnymi poperechnymi svyazyami pri otnositel'no malykh dozakh ioniziruyushchej radiatsii. Proverka fizicheskikh svojstv dannykh produktov pokazyvaet, chto oni yavlyayutsya ne prostymi graft-sopolimerami, chto obychno svyazano s prisutstviem dlinnykh razvetvlennykh tsepej, a obednennymi allilovymi polimernymi svyazyami. V ehtikh materialakh sochetayutsya svojstva iskhodnogo polimera i allilovoj svyazi. V doklade govoritsya o prochnosti na razryv, module i rastyazhenii oslablennoj svyazi sopolimerov, kotorye rassmatrivayutsya v zavisimosti ot temperatury, kontsentratsii i roli allilovogo ehfira. Takzhe privodyatsya zamechaniya po stojkosti poluchennykh produktov k razbukhaniyu i k khimicheskomu vozdejstviyu. (author)

Meteorites as space probes for cosmic rays; Les meteorites en tant que sondes spatiales pour les rayons cosmiques; Meteority v kachestve prob mezhplanetnogo prostranstva dlya izucheniya kosmicheskikh luchej; Los meteoritos como sondas espaciales para evaluar la actividad inducida por los rayos cosmicos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schaeffer, O A; Stoenner, R W; Davis, R Jr [Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, L. I., NY (United States)

1962-01-15

luchej v nedavno upavshem meteorite. EHtot opyt osnovyvaetsya na tom obstoyatel'stve, chto meteority imeyut ochen' ehkstsentricheskie orbity i poehtomu mogut sluzhit' v kachestve prob mezhplanetnogo prostranstva mezhdu zemnoj orbitoj i zvezdnym poyasom. Vo vremya prebyvaniya vblizi or zemnoj orbity vozbuzhdaetsya korotkozhivushchaya aktivnost', togda kak na vsej orbite meteorita vozbuzhdaetsya dolgozhi- vushchaya aktivnost'. Zamery byli proizvedeny na khondrite 'Gamlet', upavshem v Indiane 13 oktyabrya 1959 goda. V ehtom meteorite nablyudalas' aktivnost' 35-dnevnogo argona-37 i 325-godichnogo argona-39. Otnositel'nye kolichestva ehtoj aktivnosti sopostavlyayutsya so skorost'yu obrazovaniya ehtikh izotopov pri bombardirovke obraztsa meteorita protonami s ehnergiej v 3 GeV. V itoge byl sdelan vyvod, chto potok kosmicheskikh luchej v predelakh dopustimoj pogresh- nosti odinakov kak v asteroidnom poyase, tak i vblizi zemnoj orbity. (author)

Investigations of the chemical states of carrier-free phosphorus-32 as extracted into water from pile-irradiated sulphur; Recherches sur les etats chimiques du phosphore-32 sans entraineur obtenu par extraction aqueuse a partir de soufre irradie dans un reacteur; Issledovanie khimicheskogo sostoyaniya svobodnogo ot nositelya fosfora-32 pri izvlechenii ego v vodu iz obluchennoj v yadernom reaktore sery; Estudio de los estados quimicos del fosforo-32 libre de portador que se obtiene por extraccion acuosa del azufre irradiado en un reactor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dahl, J B; Birkelund, O R [Institutt for Atomenergi, Kjeller, Lillestrom (Norway)

1962-01-15

nastoyashchem doklade dayutsya svedeniya otnositel'no khimicheskogo sostoyaniya fosfora-32 v vodnykh rastvorakh na razlichnykh stadiyakh prinyatogo v praktike protsessa polucheniya ehtogo ehlementa. Byli rassmotreny takzhe izmeneniya khimicheskogo sostoyaniya slozhnykh soedine- nij fosfora-32 v konechnykh produktakh v funktsii ot vremeni khraneniya. Bylo obnaruzheno, chto glavnym sostavlyayushchim veshchestvom yavlyaetsya fosfor-32, svyazan- nyj v vide ortofosfata. Po mere khimicheskoj obrabotki kolichestvo ortofosfata uvelichi- los' priblizitel'no s 70% pri nachale izvlecheniya i priblizitel'no do 98% v konechnom produkte svobodnogo ot nositelya fosfora-32. Ostatok sostoyal iz smesi piro-, tri-, tetra- i polifosfatov s dlinnoj tsep'yu (chislo P {>=} 5). Ni vo vremya obrazovaniya, ni vo vremya khraneniya v rastvorakh ne bylo obnaruzheno (kol'tseobraznykh) metafosfatov. EHti rezul'taty pokazyvayut, chto polifosfornye slozhnye soedineniya obrazovalis' v materiale misheni vo vremya oblucheniya. Osoboe vnimanie bylo obrashcheno na adsorbtsiyu svobodnogo ot nositelya fosfora-32 steklyannoj laboratornoj posudoj pri sushchestvuyushchikh ehksperimental'nykh usloviyakh. (author)

The Use of Ionizing Radiation in the Vulcanization of Silicon Rubber; Utilisation des radiations ionisantes pour la vulcanisation du caoutchouc au silicone; Ispol'zovanie ioniziruyushchikh izluchenij dlya vulkanizatsii silikonovogo kauchuka; Empleo de las radiaciones ionizantes en la vulcanizacion del caucho de siliconas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuzminsky, A S; Nikitina, T S; Oksentevich, L A [Rubber Research Institute, Moscow, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian Federation)

1960-07-15

temperaturas (150{sup o}, 200{sup o} y 250{sup o}). La irradiacion permite disminuir la temperatura de vulcanizacion y prescindir de un almacenamiento prolongado a temperatura regulada, que de otro modo es necesario despues de la vulcanizacion. El negro de humo puede utilizarse como material de carga para el caucho vulcanizado con arreglo al nuevo metodo. Los autores llegan a la conclusion de que el empleo de las radiaciones ionizantes se traduce en una simplificacion de la tecnologia de la vulcanizacion del caucho de siliconas y en un mejoramiento de las propiedades de los productos obtenidos. (author) [Russian] Osnovnaya tsel' raboty - podrobnoe izuchenie svojstv materialov, poluchaemykh v rezul'tate oblucheniya smesej polidimetil-siloksanovogo kauchuka s razlichnymi napolnitelyami (spetsial'naya kremnekislota, dvuokis' titana, kanal'naya, pechnaya i lampovaya sazha). Obluchenie provodilos' na moshchnoj rentgenovskoj ustanovke i na istochnike {gamma}-izlucheniya So{sup 60} aktivnost'yu 20 000 g-ehkv. radiya. Otsenena otnositel'naya skorost' obrazovaniya prostranstvennoj setki vulkanizatov (po velichine ravnovesnogo modulya i maksimal'noj stepeni nabukhaniya v benzole). Rassmotreno izmenenie soprotivleniya razryvu i otnositel'nogo udlineniya v protsesse oblucheniya. Vybrany optimal'nye rezhimy vulkanizatsii i opredeleny osnovnye fiziko-mekhanicheskie pokazateli vulkanizatov. Issledovano izmenenie svojstv radiatsionnykh vulkanizatov v protsesse teplovogo stareniya pri razlichnykh temperaturakh (150, 200 i 250{sup o}). Radiatsionnaya vulkanizatsiya isklyuchaet neobkhodimost ' provedeniya protsessa pri vysokikh temperaturakh i dlitel'noe termostatirovanie posle vulkanizatsii . Novyj sposob vulkanizatsii pozvolyaet primenyat' v kachestve napolnitelej uglerodnye sazhi. Ispol'zovanie ioniziruyushchikh izluchenij pozvolyaet uprostit' tekhnologiyu vulkanizatsii silikonovogo kauchuka i uluchshit' svojstva vulkanizatov. (author)