Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carlos Alberto Costa Veloso
1999-01-01
Full Text Available O potencial econômico da cultura da pimenta do reino e a necessidade real de pesquisas que sustentem a sua exploração levaram a elaboração deste trabalho que teve por objetivo determinar a concentração e a distribuição dos nutrientes N, P, K, Ca e Mg, nas diversas partes da planta. O experimento foi conduzido em Belém, PA, em solo classificado como Latossolo Amarelo, textura média, com as seguintes características químicas: pH em H2O = 4,5; M.O = 17,5 g kg-1; P= 2,0 mg dm-3 e os cátions trocáveis, em mmolc.dm-3, K = 0,48; Ca2+= 4,0; Mg2+ =2,0; Al3+ = 13,0. As amostras foram constituídas de um grupo de seis plantas da cultivar Guajarina, coletadas aos 28 meses de idade, na época da produção. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os nutrientes extraídos pela pimenta-do-reino obedecem à seguinte ordem: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. As quantidades de macronutrientes exportadas pelos frutos, na colheita em kg.ha-1 foram: N=11,22; K=6,15; Ca=3,84; Mg=1,18 e P=1,07.The economic importance of black pepper and the need for information of production sustainability justified this work, to determine the concentration and the distribution of nutrients N, P, K, Ca and Mg, in several parts of the plant. The experiment was carried out in Belém, Pará, in a soil classified as Yellow Latosol (Alic Haplustox, medium texture, with the following chemical characteristics: pH in H2O = 4.5; OM = 17.5 g kg-1; P = 2.0 mg .dm-3 and the exchangeable cations, in mmolc.dm-3, K = 0.48; Ca2+ = 4.0; Mg2+ =2,0; Al3+ = 13.0. The samples were composed of six plants of the cultivar 'Guajarina', collected at 28 months after planting, at the production period. The nutrients were extracted in the decreasing order: N> Ca> K> Mg> P. The amounts of macronutrients exported by the fruits, in kg.ha-1, are: N=11.22; K=6.15; Ca=3.84; Mg=1.18 and P=1.07.
[Ecological adaptability evaluation of peanut cultivars based on biomass and nutrient accumulation].
Wang, Xue; Cui, Shao-xiong; Sun, Zhi-mei; Mu, Guo-jun; Cui, Shun-li; Wang, Peng-chao; Liu, Li-feng
2015-07-01
To identify the good peanut cultivars with the properties of high yield, high nutrient use efficiency and wide adaptability, 19 selected peanut cultivars were planted in the low champaign area and piedmont plain area of Hebei Province. By using principal component analysis, the adaptability of these 19 cultivars was evaluated for different ecological regions through comparing their 16 main traits including biomass and nutrient parameters. According to the critical value of principal component (>1.0), the 16 biomass and nutrient characteristics were integrated into 4 principal components which accounted for 85% of the original information. The results indicated that there were obvious differences in yield and nutrient use efficiency for the peanut cultivars in different ecological regions. The 19 peanut cultivars were classified into 2 groups according to their ecological adaptability, and the cultivars from the group with wide adaptability could further be divided into 3 categories according to their yield and nutrient use efficiency. Among these cultivars, Yuhua 9719, Jihua 0212-4, Weihua 10, Yuhua 15, Puhua 28 and Jihua 10 were selected as the better peanut cultivars with the properties of high yield, high nutrient use efficiency and wide adaptability.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
2012-01-01
Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento radicular e da parte aérea, além da eficiência de absorção de nutrientes pelas cultivares de arroz Caiapó e Maravilha, em função da calagem. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação, sendo os tratamentos constituídos pelas cultivares Caiapó e Maravilha combinadas com os índices de saturação por bases (V% de 10, 40 e 70. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados o número de perfilhos, comprimento radicular, matéria seca de raízes, folhas e colmos, o teor foliar e a eficiência de absorção dos macronutrientes. De forma geral, observou-se que a cultivar moderna superou a tradicional em matéria seca de raízes, comprimento radicular, número de colmos, matéria seca de colmos e da parte aérea, além de acumular mais nutrientes a cultivar tradicional, mesmo nas condições de maior acidez. No entanto, os teores de nutrientes foram maiores na cultivar Caiapó. A cultivar Maravilha possui maior crescimento radicular e da parte aérea, nos diversos níveis de acidez, enquanto a Caiapó tem maior eficiência de absorção dos nutrientes do solo. A V% de 40 é a mais efetiva para ambas as cultivares.This work aimed to evaluate root growth, shoot development and nutrient absorption efficiency by rice cultivars Caiapó and Maravilha as affected by lime application. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with treatments set up by Caiapó and Maravilha cultivars in combination with the base saturation (V% of 10%, 40% and 70%. The experiment was in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The number of tillers, root length, root dry matter, leaves and stems, leaf content and macronutrients absorption efficiency were evaluated. Comparing cultivars, Maravilha cultivar presented higher root dry weight, root length, number of stems, dry matter of stems and shoot than Caiap
Acúmulo de nutrientes por cultivares de alface em cultivo hidropônico no inverno
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lopes Mário César
2003-01-01
Full Text Available Avaliou-se o desempenho de seis cultivares de alface do grupo americana, em sistema hidropônico "NFT". O experimento foi conduzido na UNIOESTE, de junho a agosto de 2001 em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e seis tratamentos, constituídos pelos cultivares Lorca, Tainá, Havem, Empire 2000, Lucy Brown e Kaesar. Avaliaram-se a produção de matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea, concentração e absorção de macro e micronutrientes. As cultivares Lorca e Havem obtiveram maior produção de matéria fresca, não diferindo estatisticamente entre si, estas apenas apresentaram concentração menor dos nutrientes Ca e Cu em relação às demais cultivares. Em termos de concentração de nutrientes na parte aérea, não houve diferença estatística entre as cultivares para os nutrientes N, P, K e Mn. Nos nutrientes Ca, Mg, Cu e Zn, ocorreu grande variação na concentração. No acúmulo de nutrientes (kg.ha-1, não observou-se diferença estatística entre as cultivares para N e P, enquanto para os outros nutrientes avaliados, as cultivares Lorca, Havem e Empire 2000 foram superiores, sendo também as que apresentaram maior produção de matéria fresca e seca.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho
2011-03-01
Full Text Available The production and quality of tomatoes has increased with the emergence of new genotypes and cropping systems such as hydroponics, however, there are few studies on the nutrition of plants. The objective was to evaluate the growth and motion of absorption of nutrients by Raisa tomato cultivar, grown in hydroponic system. The experimental design was randomized blocks with eight treatments consisting of the times of sampling: 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75 and 85 days after transplanting (DAT and five replications. The tomato seedlings were transplanted to pots of 8 dm3 (on 31-03-2008, filled with the base substrate of coconut fiber, constantly irrigated with Hoagland and Arnon nutrient solution. During the experimental period and focuses on the development of plants and dry leaves, stems, fruits and roots. The dry matter accumulation of leaves and roots of tomato cultivar Raisa was relatively faster than the national stem and fruit, over cultivation, with predominance of dry fruits (45% on the leaves (27%, the stem (24% and roots (3% at the end of the cycle. The accumulation of nutrients and micronutrients by the tomato cultivar Raisa was fit with linear increase throughout the cultivation, except for Mn which was quadratic. Most of the tomato nutritional requirement for nutrients was K, N and Ca and micronutrients was Fe, Zn and Mn.A produção e a qualidade do tomate têm aumentado com o surgimento de novos genótipos e sistemas de cultivo como o hidropônico, entretanto, são poucas as pesquisas sobre a nutrição das plantas. Assim, a presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento e a marcha de absorção de nutrientes pelo tomateiro cultivar Raísa, cultivado em sistema hidropônico. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados com oito tratamentos constituídos pelas épocas de amostragem: 15; 25; 35; 45; 55; 65; 75 e 85 dias após o transplante (DAT e cinco repetições. As mudas de tomateiro foram transplantas
Wheat cultivar tolerance to boron deficiency and toxicity in nutrient solution
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Furlani Ângela Maria Cangiani
2003-01-01
Full Text Available Field symptoms of open spikelets in wheat were observed in specific cultivars and supposedly related to low B soils and differential B requirement among cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate the response of four wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cultivars, IAC 24, IAC 60, IAC 287 and IAC 289, to increasing B concentrations in nutrient solution. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates and five B concentrations (0.0, 0.05, 0.2, 0.8 and 2.0 mg L-1, during 1997/1998, in a greenhouse. Plants were grown to maturity and evaluated for plant height, spike number and length, open spikelet number, grains per spike, plant parts dry matter, B, P, K, Ca and Mg leaf concentrations and total nutrient contents. The visual symptoms of B deficiency consisted of open spikelets, distorted spikes without grains. 'IAC 60' and 'IAC 287' had higher B efficiency, with the highest grain yields in lower B concentrations. The 'IAC 287' and 'IAC 24' were more tolerant to the highest B concentrations. 'IAC 24' required more B for grain production as compared to the other cultivars. The critical leaf B concentration for deficiency was 25 mg kg-1 of dry matter tissue for all cultivars, and for toxicity were: 44 to 45 mg kg-1 for 'IAC 60' and 'IAC 289'; 228 and 318 mg kg-1 for 'IAC 24' and 'IAC 287', respectively. Except for the highest B level in the nutrient solution, the leaf P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations and whole plant contents were in an adequate range in the plants and did not vary among cultivars.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Arlem Nascimento de Oliveira
2003-01-01
Full Text Available A adaptação das plantas à baixa fertilidade dos solos amazônicos é uma alternativa de baixo insumo que satisfaz à maioria dos produtores regionais. Essa adaptação pode estar relacionada às micorrizas arbusculares, que podem aumentar a capacidade das plantas em absorverem os nutrientes do solo. O estudo foi conduzido num plantio de bananeiras sobre um Latossolo amarelo na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias (Fundação Universidade do Amazonas, objetivando verificar a colonização de fungos micorrízicos e teores de nutrientes foliares das cultivares de bananeira Maçã, Pacovan e Prata, durante três meses de avaliações (Dezembro/98, Janeiro e Fevereiro/99. Coletou-se amostras de raízes para avaliar as taxas de colonização e amostras foliares para verificar os teores de macro e micronutrientes. As médias da colonização radicular por fungos micorrízicos foram de 60,7% na cultivar Maçã, 55,2% na Pacovan e 53,6% na Prata. Na amostragem feita em dezembro de 1998, a cultivar Maçã apresentou menor colonização micorrízica (48,3% das raízes, do que a Pacovan (73,6% e Prata (67,8%. No mês de janeiro de 1999 essa situação se inverteu: a Maçã apresentou a maior colonização micorrízica (75,3% quando comparada com a da Pacovan (47,8% e Prata (40,3%. As cultivares não apresentaram diferenças entre si quanto às concentrações de P e Fe, mas houve uma variação significativa entre elas quanto aos teores de Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Cu e Mn. A colonização radicular por fungos micorrízicos correlacionou-se positivamente com os teores de Ca, K e Zn na cultivar Maçã e, Cu na cultivar Prata. Estas correlações positivas permitem inferir que a associação micorrízica foi importante no estímulo às absorções de Ca, K e Zn pela cultivar Maçã e Cu pela Prata nas bananeiras de cinco anos na fase de produção comercial.Plant adaptation to low fertility of Amazonian soils is a low input alternative which satisfies most of the
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
C Kano
2011-03-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a curva de acúmulo de nutrientes pela planta de alface destinada à produção de sementes. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista, no período de 25/09/03 a 19/02/04. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições e seis tratamentos (épocas de coleta das plantas: 0, 20, 34, 49, 69 e 112 dias após o transplante (DAT. Foi utilizada a alface crespa cultivar Verônica, sendo avaliados o acúmulo da massa seca e de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn na parte aérea das plantas. O maior incremento da massa seca das plantas ocorreu após o ponto comercial (34 DAT. O período de maior demanda de macronutrientes foi entre o início do pendoamento e o início do florescimento. Observa-se que para a maioria dos micronutrientes o período de maior exigência foi após o início do florescimento. A ordem decrescente de acúmulo de nutrientes foi: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S>Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu.The nutrients uptake curve of lettuce plants for seed production was evaluated. The experiment was carried out from September 2003 to February 2004 at the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. A randomized block design was used, with five replicates and six treatments (periods of plant collection: 0, 20, 34, 49, 69 and 112 days after transplant (DAT. We utilized the Verônica lettuce cultivar and evaluated the dry mass and the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn accumulated in the aboveground part of the plants. The greatest increase in the plant dry matter occurred after the marketable point (34 DAT. The period of greatest demand for nutrients was between the beginning of the stem elongation stage and the beginning of the flowering stage. We also observed that for most micronutrients the period of highest demand
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Raoni Pereira de Carvalho
2013-08-01
Full Text Available Para o planejamento de adubações, visando a manter os níveis de nutrientes adequados para as plantas, é importante monitorar seu estado nutricional durante as diferentes fases de desenvolvimento, sendo a análise foliar o melhor método para avaliar os níveis de nutrientes na planta. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar os teores de nutrientes em dois cultivares de oliveira, nas fases de crescimento vegetativo e na floração. Foram avaliados espécimes dos cultivares 'Grappolo' e 'Barnea', com dois anos de idade, obtidos a partir do enraizamento de estacas, plantadas no espaçamento de 5 m entre linhas e 3 m entre plantas. Utilizou-se o esquema de parcela sub-dividida, tendo na parcela o fatorial 2 x 2, sendo duas cultivares e duas fases de emissão fenológicas: plantas com brotações vegetativa e reprodutivas, no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições e sete plantas por parcela. As amostras de folhas foram retiradas em quatro épocas: junho (na ocasião do plantio e repetidas em agosto, setembro e outubro, quando as plantas iniciaram a emissão de brotações vegetativas e de flores. Na fase de florescimento, a oliveira apresentou menores teores de nutrientes que as plantas em fase vegetativa. O cultivar 'Barnea', por seu hábito de crescimento rápido, apresentou menores teores de nutrientes, durante as fases vegetativa e reprodutiva.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lauro Weber
2003-02-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o rendimento de grãos e componentes do rendimento de quatro cultivares de arroz irrigado submetidas a diferentes sistemas de cultivo, bem como verificar a concentração de nutrientes na água de drenagem inicial dos sistemas. O experimento foi conduzido no ano agrícola 1998/1999 em área de várzea em PLANOSSOLO HIDROMÓRFICO Eutrófico arênico na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM, Santa Maria (RS. Foram avaliadas quatro cultivares de arroz irrigado (IRGA 417, EL PASO 144, BRS TAIM e EPAGRI 108 em cinco sistemas de cultivo (convencional, cultivo mínimo, pré-germinado, "mix" de pré-germinado e transplante de mudas. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, esquema bifatorial em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. A semeadura no sistema convencional e cultivo mínimo foi realizada dia 01 de novembro de 1998 e os sistemas pré-germinado, mix de pré-germinado e transplante de mudas foi realizado dia 18 de novembro de 1998. O rendimento de grãos das cultivares foi influenciado pelos sistemas de cultivo, exceto a EL PASO 144, que apresentou rendimento de grãos semelhante em todos os sistemas. A EPAGRI 108 obteve maior rendimento de grãos com 9.612 kg ha-1sob sistema transplante de mudas. As cultivares de arroz no sistema pré-germinado e mix de pré-germinado apresentaram maior número de panículas por m² e, no transplante de mudas, maior número de grãos por panícula. Independentemente dos sistemas, a cultivar EL PASO 144 obteve maior número de grãos por panícula, e a EPAGRI 108 maior massa de mil grãos. A concentração total de nutrientes na água de drenagem inicial dos sistemas pré-germinado, mix de pré-germinado e transplante de mudas foram similares, sendo verificada a concentração média de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e Fe de 5,02, 2,06, 10,33, 6,38, 3,51 e 2,56 mg l-1, respectivamente.The main objective of this experiment was to evaluate seed yield and yield
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Suarez-Tapia, Alfonso; Kucheryavskiy, Sergey V.; Christensen, Bent Tolstrup
2017-01-01
Multi-element fingerprinting demonstrates some potential for tracing the origin of agricultural products but not for discriminating among crop cultivars and nutrient management (source, rate). With principal component analysis (PCA) and univariate statistics, we examined 19 elements in grains from...... two winter wheat cultivars (Hereford, Mariboss) grown with different rates of animal manure (AM) or mineral fertilisers (NPK) in a long-term field experiment and two sowing dates (early, timely). Nitrogen, Cd and Mn related to NPK, and Mo and Na to AM. Barium, Fe, and P reflected nutrient rate......; these elements increased with nutrient rate regardless of source. Unmanured grains were enriched in Cu. Mariboss was characterized by higher concentrations of Sr, Ba and Sc compared to Hereford with Sr in grain as the main separator. Univariate statistics showed higher concentrations of N, P, Mg, Ba, Cu, Mo...
Shekhar, Shubhendu; Mishra, Divya; Buragohain, Alak Kumar; Chakraborty, Subhra; Chakraborty, Niranjan
2015-04-15
Sweet potato ranks as the world's seventh most important food crop, and has major contribution to energy and phytochemical source of nutrition. To unravel the molecular basis for differential nutrient availability, and to exploit the natural genetic variation(s) of sweet potato, a series of physiochemical and proteomics experiment was conducted using two contrasting cultivars, an orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) and a white-fleshed sweet potato (WFSP). Phytochemical screening revealed high percentage of carbohydrate, reducing sugar and phenolics in WFSP, whereas OFSP showed increased levels of total protein, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. The rate of starch and cellulose degradation was found to be less in OFSP during storage, indicating tight regulation of gene(s) responsible for starch-degradation. Comparative proteomics displayed a cultivar-dependent expression of proteins along with evolutionarily conserved proteins. These results suggest that cultivar-specific expression of proteins and/or their interacting partners might play a crucial role for nutrient acquisition in sweet potato. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Giles, Courtney D; Brown, Lawrie K; Adu, Michael O; Mezeli, Malika M; Sandral, Graeme A; Simpson, Richard J; Wendler, Renate; Shand, Charles A; Menezes-Blackburn, Daniel; Darch, Tegan; Stutter, Marc I; Lumsdon, David G; Zhang, Hao; Blackwell, Martin S A; Wearing, Catherine; Cooper, Patricia; Haygarth, Philip M; George, Timothy S
2017-02-01
Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) use efficiency may be improved through increased biodiversity in agroecosystems. Phenotypic variation in plants' response to nutrient deficiency may influence positive complementarity in intercropping systems. A multicomponent screening approach was used to assess the influence of P supply and N source on the phenotypic plasticity of nutrient foraging traits in barley (H. vulgare L.) and legume species. Root morphology and exudation were determined in six plant nutrient treatments. A clear divergence in the response of barley and legumes to the nutrient treatments was observed. Root morphology varied most among legumes, whereas exudate citrate and phytase activity were most variable in barley. Changes in root morphology were minimized in plants provided with ammonium in comparison to nitrate but increased under P deficiency. Exudate phytase activity and pH varied with legume species, whereas citrate efflux, specific root length, and root diameter lengths were more variable among barley cultivars. Three legume species and four barley cultivars were identified as the most responsive to P deficiency and the most contrasting of the cultivars and species tested. Phenotypic response to nutrient availability may be a promising approach for the selection of plant combinations for minimal input cropping systems. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Angela Maria Cangiani Furlani
1996-01-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho, desenvolvido em solução nutritiva, em casa de vegetação, no Centro Experimental de Campinas, Instituto Agronômico, objetivou definir parâmetros para avaliação e diferenciação de cultivares de milho quanto à exigência em zinco. Desenvolveram-se 24 cultivares durante 30 dias em solução nutritiva completa, com dois níveis de zinco (0,125 e 0,350 mg/L de Zn. O experimento seguiu o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas, com duas repetições por parcela e quatro plantas de cada cultivar por parcela. Os níveis de zinco ocuparam as parcelas e os cultivares, as subparcelas. Determinaram-se as seguintes variáveis: altura de planta, produção de massa seca da parte aérea, teores e conteúdos de zinco na parte aérea. Observaram-se reduções na produção de massa seca, na altura das plantas e nos teores e conteúdos de zinco, para o nível inferior do micronutriente na solução nutritiva. Os cultivares D-468, ICI-791152 e C-701 mostraram as menores reduções em altura em função do baixo nível de zinco e, C-808, Hatã-2000, OC-5045-6 e BR-201, as maiores respostas ao nível mais alto de zinco. A variação na altura das plantas (sintoma característico da deficiência de zinco revelou alta correlação (r = 0,86 com a variação no conteúdo de zinco da parte aérea dos diferentes cultivares. A altura das plantas e o conteúdo de zinco constituíram as melhores variáveis para discriminação dos cultivares; entretanto, a técnica em solução nutritiva necessita ser aperfeiçoada para permitir quantificar, com maior precisão, as diferenças detectadas na exigência em zinco.This experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in nutrient solution, at the Experimental Center of Campinas, Instituto Agronômico, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in order to define variables and parameters to evaluate and differentiate corn cultivars as to zinc requirement. Twenty four corn cultivars were grown in complete
Jena, Usha Rani; Swain, Dillip Kumar; Hazra, K K; Maity, Mrinal K
2018-05-16
Climate models predict an increase in global temperature in response to a doubling of atmospheric [CO 2 ] that may impact future rice production and quality. In this study, the effect of elevated [CO 2 ] on yield, nutrient acquisition and utilization, and grain quality of rice genotypes was investigated in subtropical climate of eastern India (Kharagpur). Three environments (open field, ambient, and elevated [CO 2 ]) were tested using four rice cultivars of eastern India. Under elevated [CO 2 ] (25% higher), yield of high yielding cultivars (HYCs) viz. IR 36, Swarna, and Swarna sub1 was significantly reduced (11-13%), whereas the yield increased (6-9%) for Badshabhog, a low-yielding aromatic cultivar. Elevated [CO 2 ] significantly enhanced K uptake (14-21%), but did not influence the uptake of total N and P. The nutrient harvest index and use efficiency values in HYCs were reduced under elevated [CO 2 ] indicating that nutrients translocation from source to sink (grain) was significantly reduced. An increase in alkali spreading value (10%) and reduction in grain protein (2-3%) and iron (5-6%) was also observed upon [CO 2 ] elevation. The study highlights the importance of nutrient management (increasing N rate for HYCs) and selective breeding of tolerant cultivar in minimizing the adverse effect of elevated [CO 2 ] on rice yield and quality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira Camargo
1983-01-01
Full Text Available Em condições controladas de crescimento, foram estudados 22 cultivares de arroz, em soluções nutritivas com temperaturas de 25 ± 1°C e 30 ± 1°C, com cinco diferentes níveis de alumínio, em recipientes de 8,3 litros com 330 plântulas por recipiente. A tolerância foi medida pela capacidade de as raízes primárias continuar a crescer, em solução sem alumínio, após um período de 72 horas em solução contendo uma concentração conhecida de alumínio. Nas soluções nutritivas com temperatura de 25 ± 1°C, os cultivares IAC-899 e IR-841 foram sensíveis a 10mg/litro de Al3+; IR-43, IR-45 e IR-8, foram sensíveis a 20mg/litro de Al3+; CICA-4 e IR-42, a 40mg/litro de Al3+, e IAC-435, IAC-164, Pérola, Batatais, Pratão Precoce, Blue Bonnet, IAC-120, IAC-47, IAC-1246, IAC-25, IAC-165, Pratão, Dourado Precoce e CICA-8 foram tolerantes a 40mg/litro de Al3+. Quando foram utilizadas soluções nutritivas com temperatura de 30 ± 1°C, todos os cultivares de arroz estudados apresentaram melhor desenvolvimento radicular do que a 25 ± 1°C e se mostraram tolerantes a 5, 10 e 20mg/litro de Al3+. Com a concentração de 40mg/litro de Al3+, os cultivares Dourado Precoce, CICA-4, IR-42, IR-43, IR-45, IR-8, IAC-899, IR-665-4-5-5 e IR-841 foram sensíveis; IAC-47, Blue Bonnet, IAC-1246, IAC-164, Pratão, Pratão Precoce, CICA-8, IAC-435, IAC-120, IAC-25, IAC-165, Pérola e Batatais, tolerantes. A presença do alumínio nas soluções nutritivas foi prejudicial a todos os cultivares tolerantes e sensíveis. Os dados obtidos permitiram classificar os cultivares estudados nas seguintes classes de tolerância ao alumínio: tolerantes: IAC-435, IAC-120, IAC-47, IAC-1246, IAC-25, IAC-165, IAC-164, Pérola, Batatais, Pratão Precoce, Blue Bonnet; moderadamente tolerantes: Pratão, Dourado Precoce e CICA-8, e sensíveis: CICA-4, IR-42, IR-43, IR-45, IR-8, IAC-899, IR-665-4-5-5 e IR-841.Twenty two rice cultivars were studied in nutrient solution in
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wanda Wadas
2013-10-01
Full Text Available The aim of the study was to compare the effect of multi-nutrient complex fertilizers (HydroComplex, Nitrophoska Blue Special and Viking 13 from the nitrophoska group, and Polimag S from the amophoska group and single-nutrient fertilizers on the growth and tuber yield of very early potato cultivars (‘Aster’, ‘Fresco’, ‘Gloria’. The field experiment was carried out on podzolic soil in mid-eastern Poland during 2005–2007. The study showed a greater beneficial effect of HydroComplex and Nitrophoska Blue Special on the growth of very early potato cultivars than that of Viking 13 and Polimag S. The application of HydroComplex and Nitrophoska Blue Special resulted in greater above-ground plant biomass and assimilation leaf area compared with single-nutrient fertilizers; the leaf area index (LAI was higher by 0.28 and 0.32, respectively. The differences were smaller and not statistically confirmed with the use of Polimag S and Viking 13. When the multi-nutrient complex fertilizers were applied, leaf weight ratio (LWR, leaf area ratio (LAR and specific leaf area (SLA were similar to the single-nutrient fertilizers. Of the multi-nutrient complex fertilizers, only Nitrophoska Blue Special resulted in higher tuber yield, on average by 2.40 t × ha-1, compared with the single-nutrient fertilizers. The studied cultivars showed a similar response to applied fertilizers. LAI for ‘Gloria’ was higher than for ‘Aster’ and ‘Fresco’, with smaller LAR found in ‘Gloria’. LWR for ‘Fresco’ was smaller than for ‘Aster’ and ‘Gloria’, with higher SLA found in ‘Fresco’. The tuber yield of ‘Aster” (24.04 t × ha-1 was higher on average by 3 t × ha-1 than for ‘Fresco’ and ‘Gloria’.
de Oliveira Gondim, Ancelio Ricardo; Ribeiro Correia, Marcus Andre [UNESP; Alves, Adriana Ursulino; Prado, Renato de Mello [UNESP; Cecilio Filho, Arthur Bernardes [UNESP
2011-01-01
A produção da beterraba tem alcançado grande destaque no cenário nacional, principalmente a produção de origem hidropônica, entretanto, as pesquisas são insipientes sobre a nutrição das plantas. Assim, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o crescimento e a marcha de absorção de nutrientes pela beterraba cultivar Early Wonder, cultivado em sistema hidropônico. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos constituídos pelas épocas de amostragem: 15; 25; 35;...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rogério Peres Soratto
2013-08-01
Full Text Available The use of cultivars with a higher yield potential and the adoption of new technology have achieved high grain yields in common bean, which probably changed the demand for nutrients in this crop. However, there is almost no information about the periods of the cycle in which nutrients are most demanded at which quantities by the main cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the macronutrient extraction and exportation by the common bean cultivars Pérola and IAC Alvorada, under different levels of NPK fertilization, on a dystroferric Red Nitosol, in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block (split plot design with four replications. The plots consisted of six treatments based on a 2 x 3 factorial model, represented by two cultivars and three NPK levels (PD0 - 'Pérola' without fertilization, PD1 - 'Pérola' with 50 % of recommended fertilization, PD2 - 'Pérola' with 100 % of recommended fertilization, AD0 - 'IAC Alvorada' without fertilization, AD1 - 'IAC Alvorada' with 50 % of recommended fertilization, and AD2 - 'IAC Alvorada' with 100 % of recommended fertilization and subplots sampled seven times during the cycle. At higher levels of NPK fertilization, the grain yield and macronutrient extraction and exportation of both cultivars were higher, but without statistical differences. Macronutrient absorption was higher in the treatments with 100 % of recommended NPK fertilization (average amounts per hectare: 140 kg N, 16.5 kg P, 120 kg K, 69 kg Ca, 17.9 kg Mg, and 16.3 kg S. Regardless of the treatment, the demand for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg was highest from 45 to 55 days after emergence (DAE, i.e., in the R7 stage (pod formation, while the highest S absorption rates were concentrated between 55 and 65 DAE. More than 70 % of P, between 58 and 69 % of N, 40 and 52 % of S, 40 and 48 % of K, and 35 and 45 % of Mg absorbed during the cycle was exported with grains, whereas less than 15
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cláudia Josefina Dorigan
2004-04-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho foi conduzido para avaliar a digestibilidade "in vivo" dos nutrientes dos cultivares de amoreira FM 86 e FM SM nas idades de crescimento de 45 e 90 dias. Foram utilizados 8 caprinos machos, da raça Saanen, com 6 meses de idade e peso vivo médio de 26kg. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 X 2 (2 cultivares de amoreira e 2 idades de crescimento. O coeficiente de digestibilidade da FDN do cultivar FM 86 (74,82 % superou o cultivar FM SM (69,36 %, não ocorrendo diferença significativa entre as idades de crescimento. Ocorreu interação significativa entre cultivar e idade de crescimento para o Coeficiente de Digestibilidade da FDA, e o cultivar FM 86 na idade de 45 dias (75,09 % superou a de 90 dias (68,82 %. Para os parâmetros NDT e oeficientes de digestibilidade da energia, MS e PB, verificou-se superioridade da idade de corte de 45 dias, sem diferença entre os cultivares. Concluiu-se que os cultivares FM 86 e FM SM apresentaram excelente valor energético e altos coeficientes de digestibilidade da MS, da PB e dos constituintes da parede celular, indicando um elevado potencial da amoreira como forrageira para caprinos.This work was carried out for evaluating in vivo digestibility of nutrients from FM 86 and FM SM cultivars of mulberry at two growth ages, 45 and 90 days. Eight Saanen male goats being six month-old and 26kg of live weight were used. Experimental design was completely randomized factorial 2 x 2 (two mulberry cultivars and two growth ages. The NDF digestibility coefficient of FM 86 cultivar (74.82% was higher than the FM SM (69.36% and there was not statiscal difference between their growth ages. In relation to ADF digestibility coefficient, there was significant interaction between cultivars and growth ages. FM 86 cultivar with 45 day-old showed ADF digestibility coefficient higher (75.09% than that with 90 day-old (68.82%. Considering NDT and energy, DM and CP
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Renato Vasconcelos Botelho
2010-09-01
Full Text Available A adubação de plantas frutíferas de clima temperado é rotineiramente recomendada em função da interpretação de laudos de análises químicas de solo e folhas, mas não são específicas para as diferentes cultivares e porta-enxertos. Neste contexto, um experimento foi conduzido durante dois anos, com o objetivo de avaliar o estado nutricional de diferentes cultivares de pereira enxertadas sobre o porta-enxerto marmeleiro 'CP', em Guarapuava-PR. As cultivares de pereira Cascatense, Tenra, Hosui, Packham's Triumph e Williams foram plantadas em 2004, em densidade de 2.500 plantas ha-1. Amostras de folhas e de frutos foram coletadas em 2006 e 2007 para análises químicas dos teores de nutrientes. Folhas completas e normais foram amostradas em meados de janeiro, retiradas da parte mediana das brotações do ano. Os frutos foram colhidos quando o teor de sólidos solúveis totais atingiram 10º Brix. As cultivares de pereira apresentaram diferenças em relação aos teores de nutrientes nas folhas e frutos, demonstrando exigências nutricionais distintas. A cv. Cascatense apresentou os maiores teores de N e P nos frutos em, pelo menos, um dos anos avaliados, e a cv. Hosui, os maiores valores para K. A extração de nutrientes pelos frutos situou-se entre 0,366 e 0,825 kg de N; 0,097 e 0,205 kg de P; 0,996 e 1,302 kg de K; 0,085 e 0,049 a 0,085 kg de Ca, e entre 0,041 e 0,095 kg de Mg por tonelada de frutos.The fertilizer applications in deciduous fruit trees are usually recommended in function of chemical soil and leaves analysis interpretation, but they are not specific for the different scion and rootstock cultivars. In this context, a trial was carried out aiming to evaluate the nutritional status of different pear cultivars grafted on rootstock quince 'CP' by two consecutive years, in Guarapuava, Paraná State, Brazil. The pear cultivars Cascatense, Tenra, Hosui, Packham's Triumph and Williams were planted in 2004 at the density planting
Galán, María Gimena; Llopart, Emilce Elina; Drago, Silvina Rosa
2018-05-01
The aims were to optimise pearling process of red and white sorghum by assessing the effects of pearling time and grain moisture on endosperm yield and flour ash content and to assess nutrient and anti-nutrient losses produced by pearling different cultivars in optimised conditions. Both variables significantly affected both responses. Losses of ashes (58%), proteins (9.5%), lipids (54.5%), Na (37%), Mg (48.5%) and phenolic compounds (43%) were similar among red and white hybrids. However, losses of P (30% vs. 51%), phytic acid (47% vs. 66%), Fe (22% vs. 55%), Zn (32% vs. 62%), Ca (60% vs. 66%), K (46% vs. 61%) and Cu (51% vs. 71%) were lower for red than white sorghum due to different degree of extraction and distribution of components in the grain. Optimised pearling conditions were extrapolated to other hybrids, indicating these criteria could be applied at industrial level to obtain refined flours with proper quality and good endosperm yields.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ricardo Bezerra Hoffmann
2010-03-01
Full Text Available O conhecimento das quantidades de matéria seca e de nutrientes acumulados e exportados por cultivares de bananeira é importante para o desenvolvimento de uma recomendação de adubação para esta cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as quantidades de matéria seca e de macronutrientes acumuladas e exportadas por seis cultivares de bananeiras irrigadas. Foram amostradas plantas das cultivares Grande Naine, Pacovan, Pacovan-Apodi, Prata-Anã, Terrinha e Gross Michel, em uma área de plantio comercial de bananeira irrigada, no município de Limoeiro do Norte - CE. Na colheita, foram escolhidas quatro famílias de cada cultivar para amostragem. A "planta-mãe" foi dividida em rizoma, pseudocaule, pecíolo, limbo, engaço e frutos. Na matéria seca dessas partes das plantas, determinaram-se os teores dos macronutrientes. As cultivares Pacovan, Prata-Anã e Pacovan-Apodi que, de modo geral, extraíram do solo as maiores quantidades de macronutrientes, foram as que acumularam quantidades mais elevadas de matéria seca. O potássio e o nitrogênio foram os macronutrientes mais acumulados e exportados pelas seis cultivares de bananeira irrigada, seguidos pelo enxofre, cálcio, magnésio e fósforo.The knowledge about the quantity of dry matter and nutrients accumulated and exported by banana is important for the development of fertilizer recommendations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of dry matter and macronutrients by six cultivars of irrigated banana crop. Plants of Grande Naine, Pacovan, Pacovan-Apodi, Prata-Anã, Terrinha and Gross Michel cultivars were sampled in a commercial plantation in the municipality of Limoeiro do Norte, state of Ceará, Brazil. At harvest, four plants of each cultivar were selected for sampling. The "mother-plant" was divided into rhizome, pseudo stem, petiole, leaf blade, stalk and fruits. In the dry matter of these parts, the contents of macronutrients were determined. The
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Joseane Savian Marafiga
2012-12-01
Full Text Available O conhecimento do aporte de nutrientes das espécies que compõem a Floresta Estacional Decidual é ainda incipiente. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, determinar a deposição de nutrientes pela serapilheira de diferentes espécies, em uma Floresta Estacional Decidual, no município de Itaara, RS. Para a coleta de serapilheira, foram demarcadas seis parcelas de 25,0 m x 17,0 m cada, sendo distribuídos cinco coletores em cada parcela. As coletas de serapilheira foram realizadas mensalmente, no período de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2007. A serapilheira foi separada em folhas, galhos finos (diâmetro < 0,5 cm e miscelânea (flores, frutos, sementes e restos vegetais não identificáveis. As folhas foram separadas de acordo com as espécies mais representativas da floresta. O material foi analisado quanto aos teores de macro e micronutrientes. A concentração de nutrientes diferiu entre as espécies. A maior transferência de nutrientes ocorreu por meio da fração folhas, seguido pelos galhos finos e miscelânea. Dentre as espécies avaliadas, a espécie Parapiptadenia rigida apresentou a maior transferência de nutrientes, com exceção do Mn, o qual foi mais transferido pela espécie Matayba elaeagnoides, juntamente com a espécie Ocotea pulchella.
du Toit, Alba; de Wit, Maryna; Hugo, Arno
2018-04-16
Mucilage extracted from cactus pear cladodes is a hydrocolloid gum. It is a novel, natural, low-kilojoule, cost-effective texture-modifying ingredient in functional food products. Yet, the cultivar with the most optimal nutrient content and the preferred harvest times are as yet unknown. For this reason, mucilage from three Opuntia ficus-indica (Algerian, Morado and Gymno-Carpo) and one Opuntia robusta (Robusta) cultivar were investigated to determine their nutrient content over six months. Nutrients that contribute energy (10.2 kJ/g) were low. The mineral content was high (ash 17.7/100 g), particularly calcium (3.0 g/100 g) and phosphorous (109.5 mg/kg). Low insoluble acid-detergent fibre (1.4 g/kg) and neutral-detergent fibre (2.1 g/kg) values indicated that mucilage was mostly soluble fibre. Calcium oxalate crystals were not detected in dried mucilage. Opuntia robusta powders had higher protein, extractable fat and potassium content, while Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage powders had higher polyunsaturated (Linoleic and α-Linolenic acid) fat content. O. robusta Robusta mucilage, harvested after the fruit harvest (February) had the lowest energy content and the highest mineral and protein content. Mucilage powders were highly soluble, low-kilojoule and mineral-rich. This is a functional ingredient that is produced from an easily cultivated crop, as cactus pears grow in areas with poor soil, extremely high daytime temperatures and limited water supplies.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Silvio Júlio de Rezende Chagas
2004-02-01
Full Text Available Com o objetivo de determinar a composição físico-química e química de cultivares de cebola (Allium cepa L., conduziu-se um ensaio na Fazenda Experimental de Lavras da EPAMIG, Lavras-MG, no período de março a setembro de 1995. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e 6 tratamentos, constituídos pelas cultivares Baia Periforme, Crioula, Granex 33, Pira Ouro, Jubileu e Texas Grano 502. Após a cura, avaliaram-se o pH, sólidos solúveis e totais (%, acidez titulável (%, ácido pirúvico (µmol/g, açúcares totais, redutores e não-redutores (% e índice industrial dos bulbos. As cultivares Crioula, Baia Periforme, Pira Ouro e Jubileu apresentaram as maiores concentrações de sólidos totais e solúveis. A acidez mais elevada foi observada nas cultivares Crioula (0,370% e Pira Ouro (0,315%. Os maiores índices industriais foram apresentados pelas cultivares Crioula (0,87 e Baia Periforme (0,75, e os menores, pelas cultivares Texas Grano 502 (0,51 e Granex 33 (0,32.This study was carried out from March to September of 1995, in the Experimental Field of EPAMIG, Lavras-MG, Brazil, with the objective of determining the physico-chemical and chemical composition of onions from different cultivars (Allium cepa L.. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks with four repetitions and six cultivars as follow: Baia Periforme, Crioula, Granex 33, Pira Ouro, Jubileu and Texas Grano 502. After the cure it was evaluated the pH, soluble and total solids (%, titrate acidity (%, pyruvic acid (µmol/g, total sugar, reducers and non reducers (% and industrial index. The cultivars Crioula, Baia Periforme, Pira Ouro and Jubileu showed the largest concentrations of total and soluble solids. The highest acidity indexes were observed in the cultivars Crioula (0.370% and Pira Ouro (0.315%. The largest industrial indexes were found in the cultivars Crioula (0.87 and Baia Periforme (0.75, and the smallest ones in the
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alba du Toit
2018-04-01
Full Text Available Mucilage extracted from cactus pear cladodes is a hydrocolloid gum. It is a novel, natural, low-kilojoule, cost-effective texture-modifying ingredient in functional food products. Yet, the cultivar with the most optimal nutrient content and the preferred harvest times are as yet unknown. For this reason, mucilage from three Opuntia ficus-indica (Algerian, Morado and Gymno-Carpo and one Opuntia robusta (Robusta cultivar were investigated to determine their nutrient content over six months. Nutrients that contribute energy (10.2 kJ/g were low. The mineral content was high (ash 17.7/100 g, particularly calcium (3.0 g/100 g and phosphorous (109.5 mg/kg. Low insoluble acid-detergent fibre (1.4 g/kg and neutral-detergent fibre (2.1 g/kg values indicated that mucilage was mostly soluble fibre. Calcium oxalate crystals were not detected in dried mucilage. Opuntia robusta powders had higher protein, extractable fat and potassium content, while Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage powders had higher polyunsaturated (Linoleic and α-Linolenic acid fat content. O. robusta Robusta mucilage, harvested after the fruit harvest (February had the lowest energy content and the highest mineral and protein content. Mucilage powders were highly soluble, low-kilojoule and mineral-rich. This is a functional ingredient that is produced from an easily cultivated crop, as cactus pears grow in areas with poor soil, extremely high daytime temperatures and limited water supplies.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sanzio Mollica Vidigal
2007-09-01
Full Text Available Um experimento foi conduzido em Jaíba (MG para avaliar o crescimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes pela abóbora híbrida, cv. Suprema. As amostragens de plantas foram realizadas aos 28; 42; 56; 70; 84 e 98 dias após a semeadura (DAS para determinação da matéria seca das folhas, caule, flor, fruto e raiz. A planta teve lento crescimento até 56 DAS e a partir daí o crescimento intensificou-se até o final do ciclo. A produção total de matéria seca máxima ocorreu aos 89 DAS, atingindo 1.657,92 g planta-1. Os frutos acumularam mais matéria seca que outros órgãos da planta. A taxa de crescimento absoluto da planta e dos frutos foram 124,25 e 172,75 g planta-1 dia-1, aos 74 e 79 dias, respectivamente. A absorção de nutrientes seguiu o padrão da curva de acúmulo de matéria seca pelas plantas. O acúmulo de nutrientes foi reduzido nos primeiros 42 DAS, intensificando-se a partir daí, acumulando continuamente até o final do ciclo para N, S, Mg e os micronutrientes. O K foi o nutriente mais absorvido pela planta, seguido do N e Ca. A ordem de macronutrientes acumulados foi K>N>Ca>P>Mg>S e de micronutrientes foi Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu. Na colheita, aos 98 DAS, 69% da matéria seca alocou-se nos frutos, 19% nas folhas, 8% no caule, e o restante nas flores e raízes. Os nutrientes N, K, S e Cu acumularam-se preferencialmente nos frutos, enquanto o P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe e Mn na parte vegetativa. Os frutos exportaram 51,0 kg ha-1 de N; 12,4 kg ha-1 de P; 61,4 kg ha-1 de K; 3,6 kg ha-1 de S; 8,8 kg ha-1 de Ca e 3,5 kg ha-1 de Mg, e 11,4 g ha-1 de Cu; 61,6 g ha-1 de Zn; 126,6 g ha-1 de Fe e 44,3 g ha-1 de Mn.An experiment was carried out at Jaíba, Northern Minas Gerais State, to evaluate the growth and accumulation of nutrients in hybrid squash cv. Suprema. The samplings of plants were taken at 28; 42; 56; 70; 84, and 98 days after the sowing (DAS for dry matter determination of leaves, stem, flower, fruit and root. The plants grew slowly up the 56 DAS
LEAF MINERAL CONCENTRATION OF FIVE OLIVE CULTIVARS GROWN ON CALCAREOUS SOIL
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Igor Pasković
2013-12-01
Full Text Available There are limited numbers of scientific publication regarding genotypic differences which exist among olive cultivars concerning nutrient uptake and translocation. For that purpose, the object of our study was to determine possible differences between leaf mineral content of five selected olive cultivars since leaf nutrient analysis is consider being the best method for diagnosing olive tree nutritional status. Plant material was obtained from an olive collection, grown on calcareous soil maintained at Institute of Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia. The study was conducted with two Croatian autochthonous olive cultivars (“Istarska bjelica”, “Lastovka”, two Italian cultivars (“Pendolino”, “Leccino” and one Spanish cultivar (“Hojiblanca”. Completely randomized design was applied. This study has shown questionably low Mg concentration in all olive cultivars with exception for “Hojiblanca” cultivar. Also, only Croatian cultivars “Istarska bjelica” and “Lastovka” as well as Spanish cultivar “Hojiblanca” recorded sufficient levels of iron leaf mineral content. Regarding other elements studied (P, K, Ca, Zn, Mn, Cu all cultivars were above literature cited thresholds for possible deficiencies. Selected olive cultivars in our experiment demonstrated different nutrient leaf concentration, which is of particular importance for fertilization requirements and fertilization practice in Croatian orchards grown on calcareous soil.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Denise Alvarenga Rocha
2008-12-01
Full Text Available O morango é um pseudofruto muito apreciado pela população brasileira, e seu cultivo vem sendo implantado na região de Lavras. É um alimento funcional, pois, além das suas propriedades nutricionais, também possui substâncias ativas, que mantêm ou melhoram a saúde do organismo humano. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar alguns compostos do morango que tenham efeitos benéficos para a saúde humana, em diferentes cultivares da região de Lavras-MG. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e 7 repetições de 5 frutos cada. Foram colhidos 150 frutos de três cultivares: 'Aroma', 'Oso grande' e 'Toyorrinho', os quais foram selecionados de acordo com o estádio de maturação e ausência de injúrias. Os compostos avaliados foram vitamina C, compostos fenólicos e minerais, dentre os quais o potássio, cálcio, magnésio, ferro, cobre, manganês e zinco. Entre as três cultivares, a 'Aroma' foi a que mais se destacou em relação à vitamina C e potássio; a cultivar 'Oso grande' obteve os maiores teores de cálcio, ferro, manganês, zinco e cobre, e a 'Toyorrinho' apresentou os menores teores dos compostos funcionais estudados.The strawberry is a pseudo-fruit highly appreciated by the Brazilian population, and its growing has been being established in the region of Lavras. It is a functional food, because in addition to its nutritional properties, it also has active substances, which maintain or improve the health of the human organism. The aim of this work was to evaluate a few compounds of the strawberry, which have beneficial effects to human health in different cultivars of the region of Lavras-MG. It was used the completely randomized design with three treatments and seven replicates of five fruits each. A hundred and fifty fruits from three cultivars, 'Aroma', 'Oso Grande' and 'Toyorrinho' were harvested; those were selected according to the maturation stage and absence of injuries. The
Resultados agronômicos e qualitativos da nova cultivar de trigo 'BRS Marcante'
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Eduardo Caierão
2015-04-01
Full Text Available A cultivar de trigo 'BRS Marcante' foi desenvolvida pela Embrapa, envolvendo um híbrido F1 do cruzamento entre as linhagens PF 980533 e PF 970227 com a cultivar 'BRS Guamirim', realizado em telado, na Embrapa Trigo, no inverno de 2003. As gerações segregantes foram conduzidas pelo método genealógico e a linhagem resultante, nomeada de PF 080310. A cultivar caracteriza-se pela sua ampla capacidade de adaptação às condições de cultivo do sul do Brasil, pelo bom potencial de rendimento de grãos e qualidade industrial da classe Pão
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Edison Martins Paulo
2010-12-01
Full Text Available Coffee (Coffea Arabica L. plantations using adapted cultivars to regional environmental conditions with optimal plant population density and adequate nutrition are expected to show high yield responses. The triennial production and leaf macronutrient concentrations of four coffee cultivars were studied under different plant population densities. Catuaí Amarelo (IAC 47, Obatã (IAC 1669-20, Acaiá (IAC 474-19 and Icatu Amarelo (IAC 2944 were planted in densities of 2,500; 5,000; 7,519; and 10,000 plants ha-1 with one plant per hole and two plants per hole in the 2,500 plant ha-1. Plants were homogeneously fertilized without liming. As the population density increased the triennial coffee productivity increased, the yield per plant decreased, and leaf concentrations of phosphorus (P, potassium (K and sulfur (S increased. Coffee plants under dense systems presented equal or higher leaf macronutrient concentrations compared to the plants under conventional population. Taller cultivars presented the highest nutrient concentration values, and Obatã, a dwarf cultivar, the lowest values. Higher coffee yields and lower leaf P, Ca and S concentrations were observed in plots with one plant compared to the plots with two plants. In general, the coffee cultivars had leaf N and S concentrations above the reference limits reported in the literature, but leaf concentrations of other macronutrients were within adequate ranges.Cultivares de cafeeiro (Coffea Arabica L. adaptadas às regiões de cultivo, com população de plantas otimizada e adequado estado nutricional são premissas para a obtenção de produções elevadas de café. Estudou-se a produção trienal de café e o teor foliar de macronutrientes de cultivares de cafeeiro em função das densidades de plantio. Foram utilizados os cultivares Catuaí Amarelo (IAC 47, Obatã (IAC 1669-20, Acaiá (IAC 474-19 e Icatu Amarelo (IAC 2944 nas populações de 2.500 plantas ha-1 com duas plantas por cova; e, 5
Santos,Malei Rosa dos; Sediyama,Maria Aparecida N; Moreira,Marialva A; Megguer,Clarice Aparecida; Vidigal,Sanzio M
2012-01-01
O conhecimento do estado nutricional da planta e a exportação de nutrientes pela cultura auxiliam na tomada de decisão nos programas de adubação, podendo melhorar a qualidade e a produtividade de frutos de abóbora. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o estado nutricional das plantas, a produtividade, a qualidade e a extração de nutrientes pelos frutos de duas cultivares de abóbora híbrida tipo Tetsukabuto adubada com biofertilizante suíno. O experimento foi realizado no período de m...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
A. Carvalho
1972-01-01
Full Text Available No presente trabalho são relatados os estudos realizados visando à introdução do gene Ct (caturra que contribui para reduzir a altura da planta, no cultivar Mundo" Novo de Coffea arabica.Estudaram-se, em ensaios de produtividade, as populações Fv F.,, F3 e F4. Nessas populações e principalmente entre os descendentes dos "caféeiros H 2077-2-5 e H 2077-2-12, foram selecionadas plantas homozigotas para os alelos Ct e também para os alelos responsáveis pela cor do fruto xc ou Xc. Essas combinações foram denominadas 'Catuaí Amarelo' e 'Catuaí Vermelho', respectivamente, e suas características são apresentadas. Os novos cultivares vêm-se mostrando de interesse econômico para as regiões cafeeiras não somente pelo porte pequeno, mas também pela produtividade, pelo vigor vegetativo e pela precocidade.The successful transfer of the Ct gene for short internode to the tall cultivar of Coffea arábica'Mundo Novo' is reported. Individual selections were carried out in the F1, F2, F3 and F4 generations. It was found that early selection in the F2 generation was quite effective. A remarkably good correlation was found between productitivity of F2 plants and the yield of the F3 and F4 generations. Plants of the F4 generation have shown reasonable uniformity and high yield in several trials. The new selections showed to be early producers. Two new cultivars were released namely 'Catuaí Amarelo' and 'Catuaí Vermelho'. The former has yellow fruits whereas the latter has red fruits. The plants are much shorter that the ones of Mundo Novo. The new cultivars have a very strong secondary and tertiary branching. Because of these characteristics Catuaí Amarelo and Catuaí Vermelho are being planted in large scale replacing the tall cultivars.
Elemental Composition of Two Rice Cultivars under Potentially Toxic an Aquept and Aquent
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adesola Olutayo OLALEYE
2009-12-01
Full Text Available Iron toxicity is a major nutrient disorder affecting rice production of wetland rice in the irrigated and rainfed ecosystem in West Africa sub-region. Little attention has been paid to evaluating nutrient contents of rice cultivars grown on such soils and their relationship to the iron toxicity scores, grain yield and dry matter yields. A pot experiment was conducted on two potentially Fe-toxic soils (Aeric Fluvaquent and Aeric Tropaquept. The experiment was a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial experiment with three replicates in arranged in a randomized fashion. The factors were two soil types, two rice cultivars (ITA 212 and tolerant (Suakoko 8 and four Fe 2+ levels (control, 1000, 3000 and 4000 mg L-1. The result showed that for both susceptible cultivar (ITA 212 and the relatively tolerant (Suakoko 8 cultivar, little or no differences were observed in their elemental composition with regards to micro and macro-nutrients. For the susceptible cultivar, results showed that none of the tissue nutrients significantly relates to iron toxicity scores (ITS, grain yield and dry matter yield on both soil types. However, for the tolerant cultivar, ITS was observed to be significantly related to tissue K and P contents on the two soil types respectively. Tissue Ca and Mg were observed to be significantly related to the dry matter yield (DMY on Aeric Tropquept. It could be concluded that for these rice cultivars grown on two potentially Fe-toxic soils, different tissue nutrients may trigger the manifestation of bronzing or yellowing symptoms of rice cultivars.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Humberto Silva Augusto
2007-08-01
Full Text Available Os plantios adensados de café proporcionam melhor reciclagem de nutrientes e conseqüentemente reduzem a perda de nutrientes do solo por erosão, lixiviação e oxidação da matéria orgânica. Avaliaram-se as influências de diferentes espaçamentos na concentração de macro e micronutrientes em folhas de cafeeiro das cultivares IAC 44, IAC 99, MG 1192, Katipó, MG 6851 e UFV 3880. Ao início do experimento o solo foi arado para incorporação do calcário. As mudas foram plantadas em covas de 0,30 x 0,30 x 0,40 m, espaçadas entre si em 0,75 m na fileira. Na adubação de plantio aplicou-se 200 g de Fosfato Natural de Araxá, 50 g de Superfosfato Simples por cova, e 15 dias após o plantio 2L/cova de esterco em cobertura. As demais adubações foram realizadas segundo o recomendado para a cultura do café. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados num esquema fatorial 6 x 4 (seis cultivares x quatro espaçamentos, com seis repetições. As parcelas foram compostas por quatro fileiras de 4,50 m de comprimento, espaçadas entre fileiras em 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5 m. Amostras de folhas foram retiradas aos 21 e 34 meses para avaliação dos teores foliares de macro e micronutrientes. O adensamento não influenciou na concentração de nutrientes nas folhas aos 21 meses após o plantio, mas influenciou as concentrações foliares de P, K e Mg aos 34 meses após o plantio.Coffee-tree condensed plantings provide reduction in the loss of the soil nutrients by erosion, lixiviation and oxidation of the organic matter, and even increase nutrient recycling. This experiment aimed evaluates the influence of different spacing among rows on the nutrient foliar contents of coffee-tree varieties, and was performed in randomized blocks with 24 treatments and six replications. The employed varieties IAC 44, IAC 99, MG 1192, Katipó, MG 6851 and UFV 3880 were planted with a spacing of 0,75 m among plants and 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 and 2,5m among rows. Each plot was composed
BRS Libra: cultivar de pessegueiro lançada pela Embrapa, em 2009
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maria do Carmo Bassols Raseira
2010-12-01
Full Text Available O programa de melhoramento genético da Embrapa Clima Temperado enfatiza a criação de cultivares de maturação precoce, produtoras de frutas de polpa não fundente. Isto é devido ao interesse dos produtores e da indústria conserveira, uma vez que tais cultivares têm mais baixo custo de produção e muito boa oportunidade de mercado. A cv. BRS Libra atende a esta demanda e já foi testada por produtores da área próxima a Pelotas, por vários ciclos, contando com a cooperação do serviço de Extensão do Rio Grande do Sul. Mais recentemente, os testes foram estendidos a outras regiões com a parceria de instituições de pesquisa públicas e privadas. A cv. BRS Libra tem baixa necessidade em frio, com floração precoce e maturação iniciando geralmente, no início de outubro e ocasionalmente, ao final de setembro, no município de Pelotas. A sua exigência em frio não foi determinada precisamente, mas por comparação com outras cultivares estima-se que seja entre 100 e 200 horas.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira Camargo
1981-01-01
Full Text Available Foram estudados dez cultivares de trigo em soluções nutritivas contendo cinco diferentes níveis de alumínio tóxico. A tolerância foi medida pela capacidade de as raízes primárias continuarem a crescer em solução sem alumínio, após um período prévio de 48 horas em solução contendo uma concentração conhecida de alumínio. Os cultivares Siete Cerros e Tobari-66 foram sensíveis, respectivamente, a 1 e 3 ppm de alumínio. 'Alondra-S-46', 'Alondra-S-45' e 'IAC-17' foram sensíveis a 6 ppm; 'BH-1146', 'IAC-5', 'IAC-18', 'IAC-13' e 'Londrina' foram tolerantes a 10 ppm, porém 'BH-1146', 'IAC-18' e 'IAC-13' foram mais tolerantes que 'IAC-5' e 'Londrina'. Os cultivares BH-1146, IAC-17, Alondra-S-46, Tobari-66 e Siete Cerros foram cultivados em vasos contendo solo ácido mostrando a presença de alumínio. Metade do número de vasos recebeu uma aplicação de calcário. Os resultados desse experimento mostraram que o cultivar BH-1146 diferiu significativamente em produção de grãos por planta de 'Tobari-66', 'Alondra-S-46', 'IAC-17' e 'Siete Cerros'. Esse resultado confirmou a tolerância ao alumínio do cultivar BH-1146, observada quando se empregou solução nutritiva com a presença desse elemento.Ten wheat cultivars were studied to aluminum toxicity using five different levels of this element. The tolerance was measured taking into account the root growth in a aluminum-free complete nutrient solution after a previous Al treatment. With toxic amounts of Al, the primary roots did not grow at all and remained thickned at the tip as a typical Al injury. The wheat cultivars Siete Cerros and Tobari-66 were sensitive to 1 and 3 ppm of aluminum, respectively. The cultivars Alondra-S-46, Alondra-S-45 and IAC-17 were sensitive to 6 ppm. The cultivars BH-1146, IAC-5, IAC-18, IAC-13 and Londrina showed tolerance to 10 ppm but BH-1146, IAC-18 and IAC-13 were more tolerant than IAC-5 and Londrina. The cultivars BH-1146, IAC-17, Alondra-S-46
Amount of Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Petiole of Some Iranian and Imported Grape Cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
H. Doulati Baneh
2016-02-01
Full Text Available Introduction: Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. is one of the oldest and most important perennial crops in the world. Several native grapevine genotypes, highly appreciated for their organoleptic characteristics and commercial potential are still cultivated in Iran. Developing viticulture requires the conservation of autochthonous varieties that have evolved several mechanisms enabling them to cope with the local bioclimatic and edaphic conditions. Nutrition is a key component of vineyard management that has the potential to influence various factors in vine production that includes fruit set and quality. To develop suitable nutrient plant growers need to have an understanding of the factors such as cultivars, rootstocks, soil type, irrigation type and nutrients that they are applying in the vineyard. The uptake of nutrients from the soil depends on different factors namely; their soluble content in it, soil pH, plant growth stage, plant genetics and types of soil and fertilizers. Plant species have a variety of capacities in removing and accumulating elements. Vigorous genotypes are more capable of finding the necessary nutrients from the surrounding soil environment. This indicates that it does not require as much nutrient as poor vigor genotypes. So, for sustainable viticulture, it is important to know the interactive influences of cultivars, soil characters, climatic conditions, and irrigation type on vine productivity. Materials and Methods: To evaluate and compare the amount of macronutrient elements (N, P, K, Mg and Ca and micronutrient elements (B, Zn and Mn in petiole of some Iranian grapevine cultivars including Bidanesefid Qazvin- Peikany Kashmar- Khalili Shiraz-Rasha and four foreign cultivars Thompson seedless, Flame seedless, Perlette and Black seedless,This study was carried out as –randomized complete blocks design -with-four replications in the Kahriz Horticulture Research station -.A total of 30 adult leaves per cultivar were
UEL 7: nova cultivar de Dendrobium UEL 7: a new Dendrobium cultivar
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ricardo Tadeu de Faria
2011-09-01
Full Text Available UEL 7 é uma cultivar de Dendrobium nobile desenvolvida no Departamento de Agronomia da Universidade Estadual de Londrina resultante do cruzamento das plantas matrizes D3 x D8 e selecionada pela coloração das flores amarelas e com largura e comprimento semelhantes (7,0 cm, formando praticamente um círculo. As plantas foram polinizadas artificialmente, e as sementes semeadas em meio de cultura in vitro. A cultivar apresenta flores de coloração amarela, labelo com o centro marrom escuro e o pseudobulbo apresenta em mé dia 11 flores. As flores têm durabilidade de aproximadamente 30 dias.UEL 7 is a Dendrobium nobile's cultivar developed at The Department of Agronomy of Universidade Estadual de Londrina and is the result of the crossing between D3 x D8 and selected for its yellow flowers and format with similar width and length (7.0 cm, almost forming a circle. The plants were pollinated artificially, and the seeds sowed in growth media in vitro. The cultivar presents flowers of yellow coloration, labelo with the center dark brown color and the pseudobulb presents 11 flowers on average. The flowers durability is about 30 days.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
CAIRES EDUARDO FÁVERO
2000-01-01
Full Text Available As conseqüências das alterações químicas do solo pela calagem na superfície, em sistema de plantio direto, na nutrição mineral das culturas anuais, não são muito conhecidas. Com o objetivo de avaliar a absorção de nutrientes pela soja e seus reflexos sobre a produção de grãos, em função de doses de calcário na superfície, no sistema de plantio direto, foi conduzido um experimento em um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro distrófico, textura média, em Ponta Grossa (PR. Os tratamentos, dispostos em blocos completos ao acaso, com doze repetições, constaram de quatro doses de calcário dolomítico: 0, 2, 4 e 6 t.ha-1, calculadas para elevar a saturação por bases do solo, a 50%, 70% e 90%. O calcário foi aplicado a lanço na superfície do solo, sem incorporação. A absorção de nutrientes pela soja foi avaliada no ano agrícola de 1996/97. Houve aumento de P e de Mg e redução de Zn e de Mn absorvidos pela cultura da soja, com a calagem na superfície, sem reflexos sobre a produção de grãos. O aumento da absorção de P foi proporcional ao aumento do pH do solo até a profundidade de 20 cm, ao passo que a maior absorção de Mg foi ocasionada pelo aumento de seus teores no solo, devido ao uso de calcário dolomítico. A redução da absorção de Zn e de Mn relacionou-se ao aumento do pH do solo nas camadas superficiais (0-5 cm e 5-10 cm, demonstrando que a calagem na superfície, em sistema de plantio direto, requer critérios adequados para estimativa da dose a ser aplicada. A elevada produção de soja em condições de alta acidez do solo, no sistema de plantio direto, está relacionada à adequada absorção de água e de nutrientes pela cultura, provavelmente em decorrência de maior umidade disponível no solo.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carmen Wobeto
2006-12-01
Full Text Available The high number of cassava cultivars adapted to many different regions provides a wide variation in the chemical composition of cassava leaves meal (CLM. Therefore, the contents of some nutrients in CLM from five cultivars at three ages of the plant were investigated in order to select the cultivars and ages with superior levels of these nutrients. When the plants were 12 months old, the highest levels of crude protein (CP, beta-carotene, iron, magnesium, phosphorus and sulfur were observed. The IAC 289-70 cv. showed the highest levels of magnesium, as well as considerable contents of CP, beta-carotene, iron, zinc and sulfur, which did not differ statistically from the cultivars showing the highest levels of these nutrients.O número elevado de cultivares de mandioca adaptados às mais diversas regiões confere ampla variação na composição química da farinha de folhas de mandioca (FFM. Portanto, foram investigados os teores de alguns nutrientes nas FFM de cinco cultivares em três idades da planta, a fim de selecionar cultivares e idades com níveis superiores destes nutrientes. Aos 12 meses de idade da planta, observaram-se os maiores níveis de proteína bruta (PB, beta-caroteno, ferro, magnésio, fósforo e enxofre. O cultivar IAC 289-70 apresentou os maiores níveis de magnésio, assim como teores apreciáveis de PB, beta-caroteno, ferro, zinco e enxofre, pois não diferiu estatisticamente dos cultivares com os níveis mais elevados destes nutrientes.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maria do Carmo Bassols Raseira
2010-12-01
Full Text Available O programa de melhoramento genético da Embrapa Clima Temperado enfatiza a criação de cultivares de maturação precoce, produtoras de frutas de polpa não fundente. Isto é devido ao interesse dos produtores e da indústria conserveira, uma vez que tais cultivares têm mais baixo custo de produção e muito boa oportunidade de mercado. A cv. BRS Libra atende a esta demanda e já foi testada por produtores da área próxima a Pelotas, por vários ciclos, contando com a cooperação do serviço de Extensão do Rio Grande do Sul. Mais recentemente, os testes foram estendidos a outras regiões com a parceria de instituições de pesquisa públicas e privadas. A cv. BRS Libra tem baixa necessidade em frio, com floração precoce e maturação iniciando geralmente, no início de outubro e ocasionalmente, ao final de setembro, no município de Pelotas. A sua exigência em frio não foi determinada precisamente, mas por comparação com outras cultivares estima-se que seja entre 100 e 200 horas.The Embrapa peach breeding program emphasizes the development of early ripening cultivars which produce non-melting flesh peaches. This is due to the interest of growers and canning industry on these cultivars because of the lower production costs plus the market oportunities. The BRS Libra cv. meet this objective and has been tested by growers around Pelotas'area, for several years with the collaboration of the extension service of Rio Grande do Sul State, and more recently in other areas, thanks to the cooperation of other public and private research institutions. It has low chilling requirement, early blooming and the harvest generally starts by beginning of October and exceptionally end of September, in Pelotas, RS. The chilling requirement was mot precisely determined but by comparison with other cultivars, it is estimated between 100 and 200 hours.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maria A. N. Sediyama
2011-09-01
Full Text Available Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito da cobertura do solo e doses de lodo de lagoa de decantação de água residuária de suinocultura na produtividade e na exportação de nutrientes pela beterraba, cultivar Early Wonder. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Vale do Piranga, pertencente à EPAMIG, Zona da Mata, em Oratórios, MG, no período de 07/08/08 a 09/11/08, no delineamento de blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas foram dispostos três tipos de cobertura de solo: bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, palha de café e sem cobertura e, nas subparcelas, foram usadas cinco doses do lodo de lagoa: 0; 10; 20; 40 e 60 t ha-1. Aos 70 dias após o transplante das mudas realizou-se a colheita. A cobertura com palha de café proporcionou maior massa unitária de raiz e maior produtividade de raízes comerciais, independente das doses de lodo. Os nutrientes mais exportados pela parte aérea das plantas foram Ca, Mg e S e, pelas raízes, N, P e K. Com a população de 400.000 plantas ha-1e produtividade de 34,22 t ha-1, as quantidades médias de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S exportadas pelas raízes foram 140; 24; 180; 8, 17 e 5 kg ha-1e, para Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu e B, 371, 435, 320, 74 e 250 g ha-1, respectivamente.This work aimed to evaluate the effect of soil cover and doses of sludge from sedimentation pond of swine wastewater on yield and nutrient export in sugar beet cultivar Early Wonder. The experiment was conducted at the Vale do Piranga Experimental Farm belonging to EPAMIG Zona da Mata in Oratórios (MG, from 07/08/08 to 09/11/08. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot in randomized block design with four replications. The main plots consisted of three types of mulching: sugarcane bagasse, coffee husk and without any cover, and the subplots of five doses of sludge: 0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 t ha-1. At 70 days after transplanting, harvest was carried out. Mulching with coffee husk provided
Salt Tolerance of Six Switchgrass Cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Youping Sun
2018-04-01
Full Text Available Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass cultivars (‘Alamo’, ‘Cimarron’, ‘Kanlow’, ‘NL 94C2-3’, ‘NSL 2009-1’, and ‘NSL 2009-2’ were evaluated for salt tolerance in two separate greenhouse experiments. In experiment (Expt. 1, switchgrass seedlings were irrigated with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC of 1.2 dS·m−1 (control or a saline solution (spiked with salts at an EC of 5.0 dS·m−1 (EC 5 or 10.0 dS·m−1 (EC 10 for four weeks, once a week. Treatment EC 10 reduced the tiller number by 32% to 37% for all switchgrass cultivars except ‘Kanlow’. All switchgrass cultivars under EC 10 had a significant reduction of 50% to 63% in dry weight. In Expt. 2, switchgrass was seeded in substrates moistened with either a nutrient solution of EC 1.2 dS·m−1 (control or a saline solution of EC of 5.0, 10.0, or 20.0 dS·m−1 (EC 5, EC 10, or EC 20. Treatment EC 5 did not affect the seedling emergence, regardless of cultivar. Compared to the control, EC 10 reduced the seedling emergence of switchgrass ‘Alamo’, ‘Cimarron’, and ‘NL 94C2-3’ by 44%, 33%, and 82%, respectively. All switchgrass cultivars under EC 10 had a 46% to 88% reduction in the seedling emergence index except ‘NSL 2009-2’. No switchgrass seedlings emerged under EC 20. In summary, high salinity negatively affected switchgrass seedling emergence and growth. Dendrogram and cluster of six switchgrass cultivars indicated that ‘Alamo’ was the most tolerant cultivar, while ‘NSL 2009-2’ was the least tolerant cultivar at both seedling emergence and growth stages. A growth-stage dependent response to salinity was observed for the remaining switchgrass cultivars. ‘NSL 2009-1’ and ‘NL 94C2-3’ were more tolerant to salinity than ‘Cimarron’ and ‘Kanlow’ at the seedling emergence stage; however, ‘Kanlow’ and ‘Cimarron’ were more tolerant to salinity than ‘NSL 2009-1’ and ‘NL 94C2-3’ at the seedling growth
Desempenho de cultivares de milho em relação à lagarta-do-cartucho
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Érika do Carmo Ota
2011-01-01
Full Text Available A constituição genética de cada cultivar de milho é fator preponderante para determinar o nível de dano provocado pela lagarta-do-cartucho, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; contudo, são escassas as informações sobre o desempenho de diversas cultivares comerciais em relação ao ataque da praga. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, identificar cultivares de milho menos danificadas pela lagarta-do-cartucho em condições de campo, visando aprimorar o manejo em áreas com histórico de altas infestações da praga e fornecer subsídios para programas de melhoramento genético. O trabalho foi realizado no período da safra de verão, anos agrícolas de 2006/2007 e 2007/2008; e da safrinha, ano agrícola 2007 nos municípios de Capão Bonito (SP, Tatuí (SP e Coroados (SP. Em cada campo experimental foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo um para híbridos simples e triplos (HST e outro para híbridos duplos e variedades (HDV. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três e quatro repetições para HST e HDV respectivamente. Avaliou-se a injúria foliar provocada pela lagarta-do-cartucho após infestação natural, com base em escala de notas variando de 1 a 10. Constatou-se diferença significativa entre as cultivares em relação à injúria da lagarta-do-cartucho pelo teste F (P<0,05. Os resultados permitiram concluir que as cultivares DKB 390 (híbrido simples e DKB 979 (híbrido triplo são menos danificadas, constituindo germoplasma promissor quanto à resistência à lagarta-do-cartucho.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nei Peixoto
1999-03-01
Full Text Available Seis ensaios de competição de cultivares de tomate para processamento industrial foram conduzidos nos municípios goianos de Anápolis, Jataí, Porangatú e Santa Isabel, em 1990, e Anápolis e Porangatu, em 1991. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, tendo as parcelas 80 plantas em 1990 e 70 em 1991. Em Porangatu, em 1990, as plantas foram mais precoces, florescendo 35 e 41 dias após a semeadura e iniciando-se a colheita 38 dias após a antese. Em Anápolis, também em 1990, a floração iniciou-se de 54 a 60 dias após a semeadura e, a colheita, 46 dias após a antese. As cultivares Petomech, IPA 6 e Topmech Melhorado destacaram-se entre as mais produtivas, apresentando frutos firmes, seguidas das cultivares IPA 5 e Agrocica 72. As cultivares Roma VFN, Rossol e Agrocica 08, por outro lado, revelaram-se produtivas, mas com frutos pouco firmes, sendo impróprias para o transporte a longa distância. Com exceção da cultivar Itaparica, que apresentou melhor desempenho relativo nos ambientes menos favoráveis, os genótipos apresentaram, para rendimento, resposta diretamente proporcional à melhoria do ambiente, caracterizado pela média geral dos genótipos dentro de cada experimento. As cultivares Agrocica 08, IPA 5, Nemadoro e UC 204, foram as mais influenciadas pelas variações do ambiente, enquanto as cultivares Agrocica 33, Calmec VF, IPA 6, Rio Fuego, Santa Adélia, Topmec Melhorado e UC 82 foram as mais estáveis.Six field trials were carried out to evaluate processing tomato cultivars in four counties in the State of Goiás, Brazil (Anápolis, Jataí, Porangatú and Santa Isabel, in 1990, and Anápolis and Porangatu, in 1991. The experiment was conducted as a randomized block design, with four replications, and plots of 80 plants in 1990 and 70 plants in 1991. The plant cycle was shorter in Porangatu (1990, where temperatures were higher than Anápolis. In Porangatu, plant flowering
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sebastião Martins Filho
2008-09-01
Full Text Available Neste trabalho foi utilizada a metodologia Bayesiana para ajustar o modelo não-linear logístico para dados de crescimento de duas cultivares de feijoeiro, "Neguinho" e "Carioca". O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com vinte repetições, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo que os tratamentos principais foram constituídos pelas cultivares e as subparcelas foram constituídas por 17 períodos de avaliações, do plantio até aos 85 dias. A metodologia permitiu comparar as curvas de crescimentos sem utilizar a teoria assintótica e estes resultados mostraram um maior incremento em altura para a cultivar "Carioca".In this paper the Bayesian methodology was used to fit the logistic nonlinear model to growth data of two common bean cultivars, 'Neguinho' and 'Carioca'. The experiment was a split plot under a completely randomized design with twenty replicates, being the main treatments constituted by cultivars and the sub plots constituted by seventeen periods of evaluations, from planting to 85 days. The methodology allowed comparing the growth curves without using the asymptotic theory, and these results showed a larger height increment for the 'Carioca' cultivar.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Marina Burani Arouca
2011-10-01
Full Text Available The nutritional state of star fruit seedlings must be adequate for a successful field implementation. The objective of the present work was to study the growth and uptake of macro e micronutrients curves by star fruit plants budded with Nota 10 cultivar in nutrient solution conditions. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks, with four replications and six treatments, which were consisted by the times of collects during the 150 days of the experiment (each 25 days. In each collection, the plant growth was evaluated by the division of the plants in root, stem and leaves in order to obtain the height, diameter of the stem, leave area and the dry matter. The accumulation of dry matter followed sigmoidal adjustment, while the uptake of nutrients followed quadratic adjustment, except Mg, P, and Cu that followed sigmoidal adjustment. The accumulation of nutrients by star fruit seedlings ‘nota 10’ followed the sequence: NO adequado estado nutricional das mudas de caramboleira permite o sucesso da implantação de um pomar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a marcha de absorção de nutrientes e o crescimento de mudas enxertadas de caramboleira ‘Nota 10’ produzida em solução nutritiva. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos tempos de coleta (25; 50; 75; 100; 125 e 150 dias após o início da brotação das borbulhas. As plantas foram avaliadas quanto a: altura, diâmetro do enxerto e do porta-enxerto, área foliar e massa da matéria seca (folhas, caule e raízes. Nos diferentes órgãos das mudas, determinou-se o acúmulo de macronutrientes. O acúmulo de massa seca das mudas de caramboleira apresentou ajuste sigmoidal, enquanto o acúmulo de nutrientes apresentou incremento quadrático, exceto Mg, P e Cu, que foi sigmoidal, obedecendo à seguinte sequência: N>K>Ca>P>S>Mg>Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu, sendo maior nas
Amplifying the benefits of agroecology by using the right cultivars.
Noguera, D; Laossi, K-R; Lavelle, P; De Carvalho, M H Cruz; Asakawa, N; Botero, C; Barot, S
2011-10-01
Tropical soils are particularly vulnerable to fertility losses due to their low capacity to retain organic matter and mineral nutrients. This urges the development of new agricultural practices to manage mineral nutrients and organic matter in a more sustainable way while relying less on fertilizer inputs. Two methods pertaining to ecological engineering and agroecology have been tested with some success: (1) the addition of biochar to the soil, and (2) the maintenance of higher earthworm densities. However, modern crop varieties have been selected to be adapted to agricultural practices and to the soil conditions they lead to and common cultivars might not be adapted to new practices. Using rice as a model plant, we compared the responsiveness to biochar and earthworms of five rice cultivars with contrasted selection histories. These cultivars had contrasted responsivenesses to earthworms, biochar, and the combination of both. The mean relative increase in grain biomass, among all treatments and cultivars, was 94% and 32%, respectively, with and without fertilization. Choosing the best combination of cultivar and treatment led to a more than fourfold increase in this mean benefit (a 437% and a 353% relative increase in grain biomass, respectively, with and without fertilization). Besides, the more rustic cultivar, a local landrace adapted to diverse and difficult conditions, responded the best to earthworms in terms of total biomass, while a modern common cultivar responded the best in term of grain biomass. This suggests that cultivars could be selected to amplify the benefit of biochar- and earthworm-based practices. Overall, selecting new cultivars interacting more closely with soil organisms and soil heterogeneity could increase agriculture sustainability, fostering the positive feedback loop between soils and plants that has evolved in natural ecosystems.
Silvio Júlio de Rezende Chagas; Geraldo Milanez de Resende; Lair Victor Pereira
2004-01-01
Com o objetivo de determinar a composição físico-química e química de cultivares de cebola (Allium cepa L.), conduziu-se um ensaio na Fazenda Experimental de Lavras da EPAMIG, Lavras-MG, no período de março a setembro de 1995. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e 6 tratamentos, constituídos pelas cultivares Baia Periforme, Crioula, Granex 33, Pira Ouro, Jubileu e Texas Grano 502. Após a cura, avaliaram-se o pH, sólidos solúveis e totais (%), acidez titulá...
Drogoudi, Pavlina D; Pantelidis, Georgios; Bacchetta, Loretta; De Giorgio, Donato; Duval, Henri; Metzidakis, Ioannis; Spera, Daniella
2013-03-01
Almond protein and potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) contents were determined in 72 cultivars and accessions grown in France, Greece and Italy, as part of the networking of European SAFENUT AGRI GEN RES project, which aimed to explore and valorize the almond genetic resources in Europe. Great variation was found in the nutrient content and the amount of nutrient supplied when consuming the recommended daily amount of one serving of almond, among the different genotypes assayed. The variation among the different genotypes was greatest for Ca, followed by the protein content; the latter also exhibited the lowest variation considering the harvest year. Results from a principal component analysis showed that P and Mg were the most discriminant elements for categorizing samples. Cluster analysis showed groups of samples with interesting characteristics for breeding. There was no clear distinction among the different origins of samples. Correlation analyses between weather conditions and the nutrients assayed showed that the mean temperature recorded in the period between March and September was positively correlated with Ca and P only in France, a place where the greatest climatic difference between years was observed.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nildo da S Dias
2011-10-01
Full Text Available No processo de dessalinização se gera, além da água potável, um rejeito altamente salino e de poder poluente elevado, o qual pode ser utilizado na produção agrícola rentável dependendo da adoção de práticas culturais adequadas e da tolerância das plantas às condições salinas. Nos últimos anos a tendência tem sido a substituição da agricultura convencional por sistemas hidropônicos de cultivos, considerados um dos mais eficientes no uso de água. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a resposta de duas cultivares de alface sob sistema hidropônico de cultivo (Lactuca sativa L., cvs. Verônica e Babá de verão em diferentes níveis de salinidade da solução nutritiva preparadas com água de abastecimento, água de rejeito coletada no dessalinizador e da sua diluição com água de abastecimento a 75, 50 e 25%, resultando em condutividades elétricas da solução nutritiva (CEs de 1,1; 2,4; 3,6; 4,7 e 5,7 dS m-1 após as diluições e adição de fertilizantes. Ocorreu variação genotípica sob as variáveis de crescimento e produção da alface, exceto para o número de folhas, sendo a cultivar Babá de verão a que produziu maior rendimento, independentemente do nível de salinidade e, portanto, a cultivar mais tolerante à salinidade da água com rejeito salino.In desalination process, besides the potable water, highly salty and polluted water (brine is generated, which can be used for producing profitable crops depending on the adequate cultural practices as well as on the plant ability of reacting to saline conditions. The trend in recent years has been towards conversion of conventional agriculture to soilless agriculture which is considered to be a more efficient use of water system. The aim of this research was to examine the response of two lettuce cultivars (Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Veronica, Babá de verão under hydroponic system to different levels of salinity of the nutrient solutions prepared with tap water
Apple tree production in Italy: rootstocks, cultivars, fertilization, and irrigation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Giovambattista Sorrenti
2012-11-01
Full Text Available Italy is one of the main apple producers in Europe, primarily intended for fresh consumption, both in the domestic and foreign markets. Fruit yield and quality depends on the cultivar, rootstock, and management practices, such as the fertilization and irrigation adopted in the orchard. This review aims at reporting the main apple cultivars and rootstocks, the management of fertilization and irrigation, as well as their adaptation to apple tree orchards in Italy. The programs for genetic improvement carried out in this country involved the selection of apple tree cultivars and rootstocks which enable a high fruit yield and quality, in order to meet the requirements from the consumer market. In the fertilization and irrigation management, nutrients and water are supplied in amounts next to the actual need of the plants, providing an adequate nutrition, a satisfactory yield, and high quality fruits, besides preventing, whenever possible, nutrients and water losses in the environment.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luiz Henrique dos Santos Gomes
2012-03-01
Full Text Available Nutrition values of silages from different sorghum cultivars are evaluated. Five 26-kg castrated crossbred lambs, housed in pens equipped with feces and urine collectors for the study of their metabolism, were employed in a 5 x 5 Latin square experimental design. Treatments consisted of silage from five different sorghum cultivars: IPA 1011 and IPA 2564 (grain sorghum, IPA 2502 (dual purpose sorghum, IPA FS-25 and IPA 467 (forage sorghum. Protein level was corrected to 12% by adding a mixture of urea: ammonium sulfate (9:1. Treatments IPA 1011, IPA 2564 and IPA 2502 provided high intake of dry matter, total carbohydrate and total digestible nutrients, and low intake of neutral detergent fiber. Cultivars IPA 1011 and IPA 2564 provided high apparent crude protein digestibility coefficient, whereas cultivars IPA 1011 and IPA 2564 had high total digestible nutrient levels. All cultivars provided positive nitrogen. Owing to nutrient intake and digestibility values, grain sorghum silages evidenced high potential in ruminant nutrition.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dalva Paulus
2012-03-01
Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivos determinar os teores de nutrientes e de nitrato e realizar análise sensorial de alface cultivada em sistema hidropônico sob água salina. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido no período de dezembro de 2007 a janeiro de 2008, em Piracicaba (SP. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, sendo estudados cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação, utilizando-se NaCl (Condutividade elétrica da água (CEa: 0,42, 1,53, 3,52, 5,55 e 7,43 dS m-1 em duas cultivares de alface (Verônica e Pira Roxa, em esquema fatorial. Foram avaliados a análise sensorial aplicando escala hedônica e através dessa, o que os provadores mais apreciaram e o que menos gostaram de cada amostra, intenção de compra e consumo, teor de nitrato, absorção de nutrientes pela folhas e determinação dos nutrientes presentes na solução nutritiva. Para o atributo sabor a cultivar Verônica recebeu as melhores notas no nível de salinidade 1,53 e 5,55 dS m-1. Para a cultivar Pira Roxa a melhor nota foi atribuída para a alface produzida na água não salina. Para os demais atributos não houve diferença significativa nos diferentes níveis de salinidade. Com relação à intenção de compra, constatou-se que as alfaces cv. Verônica e Pira Roxa apresentaram boa aceitação de mercado. Os menores níveis de nitrato (1960 mg kg-1 e 2620 mg kg-1 de massa de matéria fresca, da Verônica e Pira Roxa, respectivamente, foram relacionados à condutividade elétrica de 0,42 dS m-1, aumentando a salinidade da água para 7,43 dS m-1, o teor foliar de nitrato aumentou para 2500 mg kg-1 e 3420 mg kg-1 para as cultivares Verônica e Pira Roxa. Como o tempo de exposição da alface à salinidade em sistema hidropônico foi curto, em torno de 25 dias, não se verificou sintomas de deficiência nutricional e toda alface foi classificada como apropriada para consumo humano.This study aimed to evaluate the content of
Modelling concept of lettuce breeding for nutrient efficiency
Kerbiriou, P.J.; Stomph, T.J.; Lammerts Van Bueren, E.; Struik, P.C.
2014-01-01
Modern lettuce cultivars are bred for use under high levels of input of water and nutrients, and therefore less adapted to low-input or organic conditions in which nitrate availability varies over time and within the soil profile. To create robust cultivars it is necessary to assess which traits
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Daniele Camargo Nascimento
2011-12-01
Full Text Available O mirtileiro possui alto potencial econômico, no entanto, sua expansão de cultivo é limitada pela dificuldade de propagação. O cultivo hidropônico possibilita melhor crescimento devido à eficiência no fornecimento de nutrientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento e o conteúdo de nutrientes minerais de mudas micropropagadas de mirtileiro em sistema convencional e semi-hidropônico. Mudas das cultivares Bluebelle e Woodard, com 3 meses de aclimatização, foram submetidas a dois sistemas de cultivo: sistema convencional,em que foram mantidas em sacos de polietileno contendo Plantmax® + vermiculita (1:1 e irrigadas com solução nutritiva a cada 15 dias; e sistema semi-hidropônico, na qual permaneceram em floreiras plásticas contendo areia, sendo irrigadas com solução nutritiva diariamente. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos, com quatro repetições compostas por doze plantas. Foram avaliados mensalmente a altura da parte aérea, número de brotações e comprimento médio das brotações, e aos 90 dias a massa fresca da parte aérea, massa fresca e seca radicular e análise nutricional das folhas. O sistema semi-hidropônico proporcionou melhores resultados para todas as variáveis avaliadas, em ambas as cultivares. As mudas cultivadas no sistema semi-hidropônico apresentaram teores de nutrientes mais elevados e adequados para esta cultura.
Variação espacial e definição de zonas de extração de nutrientes pela fitomassa do capim-Marandu
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sabino Pereira da Silva Neto
2015-10-01
Full Text Available O objetivo foi quantificar, descrever e identificar zonas de extração de nutrientes pela fitomassa da Brachiaria brazantha cv. Marandu em sistemas de integração floresta-pasto em região de transição Cerrado-Amazônia sobre Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico típico, por meio de técnicas de geoestatística, de análise de componentes principais e da lógica de agrupamento não hierárquica de fuzzy k-médias. As avaliações foram realizadas em dois sistemas de integração floresta-pasto originários da associação de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e vegetação nativa raleada com 50% e 75% (IFP-I e IFP-II, respectivamente de sombreamento e em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu em monocultivo. Para cada tratamento foi demarcada uma área de 4.000 m² (40 x 100 m que continham 32 pontos de coleta dispostos em malha de 4 x 25 m. Em cada ponto previamente marcado nos tratamentos avaliados se estimou as taxas de alongamento de lâminas foliares, senescência foliar e de alongamento de colmo. Ao final de cada ciclo produtivo foram determinados nas lâminas foliares e no colmo os teores de nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca e Mg. A extração de nutrientes foi calculada em função das taxas de produção bruta de forragem, de acúmulo de forragem e de folhas. Zonas de extração de nutrientes minerais pela fitomassa da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu são definidas utilizando-se técnicas de geoestatística, de análise de componentes principais e da lógica de agrupamento não hierárquica de fuzzy k-médias. Assim o uso desses procedimentos é viável na definição e delimitação de zonas homogêneas dentro e entre os sistemas de produção de gramínea estudados.
Nutrient and carbohydrate partitioning in sorghum stover
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Powell, J.M.; Hons, F.M.; McBee, G.G.
1991-01-01
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] stover has been demonstrated to be a potential biomass energy source. Complete aboveground crop removal, however, can result in soil degradation. Differential dry matter, nutrient, and carbohydrate partitioning by sorghum cultivars may allow management strategies that return certain parts to the field while removing other portions for alternative uses, such as energy production. A field study was conducted to determine N,P,K, nonstructural carbohydrate, cellulose hemicellulose, and lignin distributions in stover of three diverse sorghum cultivars of differing harvest indices. Determinations were based on total vegetative biomass; total blades; total stalks; and upper middle, and lower blades and stalks. Concentrations of N and P were higher in blades than stalks and generally declines from upper to lower stover parts. Large carbohydrate and lignin concentration differences were observed on the basis of cultivar and stover part. Greater nutrient partitioning to the upper third of the intermediate and forage-type sorghum stovers was observed as compared to the conventional grain cultivar. Stover carbohydrates for all cultivars were mainly contained in the lower two-thirds of the stalk fraction. A system was proposed for returning upper stover portion to soil, while removing remaining portions for alternative uses
Macronutrients accumulation and growth of pineapple cultivars submitted to aluminum stress
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mauro F. C. Mota
Full Text Available ABSTRACT The objective was to determine the growth and accumulation of macronutrients of two pineapple cultivars submitted to different concentrations of aluminum (Al. For this, a study was conducted in plastic pots containing 4 L of nutrient solution, in a randomized block design, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, corresponding to two pineapple cultivars (‘IAC Fantástico’ and ‘Vitória’ and five Al concentrations (0, 21.6, 43.2, 64.8 and 86.4 mg of Al plant-1, with four replicates. The following variables were evaluated: root length, dry matter of root, stem and leaf, stem diameter, number of leaves, chlorophyll content and accumulation of macronutrients at 60 days after treatment. The cv. ‘Vitória’ showed a linear decrease in chlorophyll content, root dry matter, root length and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in most plant components promoted by the increase of Al concentration in the nutrient solution. The cv. ‘IAC Fantástico’ had lower total dry matter, stem dry matter, stem diameter and accumulation of N, Ca and Mg. However, the evaluated characteristics were not influenced by the increase of Al concentration, showing greater tolerance of this cultivar to Al in nutrient solution.
Injúrias causadas por mosca-das-frutas sul-americana em cultivares de videira
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Marcelo Zart
2011-01-01
Full Text Available A mosca-das-frutas sul-americana, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae, é uma das principais pragas da fruticultura no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a suscetibilidade quanto à queda e deformação de bagas de diferentes cultivares/espécies de uva pela injúria causada pela oviposição de A. fraterculus. O trabalho foi realizado em vinhedos das cultivares 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (Vitis vinifera, 'Moscato Embrapa' (75% de V. vinifera e 'Isabel' (Vitis labrusca, localizados em Bento Gonçalves (RS, na safra 2006/2007. Dois casais de A. fraterculus foram confinados por cacho, em gaiolas de tecido voile, durante os estádios fenológicos de grão ervilha, início da compactação, início da maturação e maturação plena dos cachos. Queda significativa de bagas devido ao ataque de A. fraterculus foi registrada na cultivar 'Cabernet Sauvignon' quando a infestação foi realizada nos estádios fenológicos de grão ervilha e início da compactação de cacho; estádios de grão ervilha em 'Moscato Embrapa'; e nos estádios de grão ervilha, início da compactação e início da maturação do cacho na cultivar 'Isabel'. Foi registrada deformação de bagas quando as infestações foram realizadas nos estádios de grão ervilha e início da compactação de cacho em 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Moscato Embrapa' e 'Isabel'. O desenvolvimento larval até a fase de pupa foi observado somente na cultivar 'Moscato Embrapa'.
MODELO DE PONTO CRÍTICO PARA ESTIMAR DANOS CAUSADOS PELA MELA NA CULTURA DO FEIJOEIRO
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Felipe Rafael Garcés Fiallos
2011-07-01
Full Text Available No Equador, o feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L. é consumido quase pela totalidade da população, sendo também fonte de renda para pequenos e médios produtores. Uma das doenças mais importantes é a mela, ou podridão radicular de rizoctonia, causada pelo fungo necrotrófico Rhizoctonia solani Khun (teleomorfo Thanatephorus cucumeris Frank. Objetivou-se determinar a redução no rendimento de grãos causados pela infecção natural da mela, em diferentes cultivares de feijão, na safra agrícola 2010, no município de Quevedo, Equador. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. O gradiente da intensidade da doença foi gerado pela variabilidade genética entre cultivares de feijoeiro. A avaliação de severidade (% de área foliar necrosada da doença foi determinada no estádio fenológico R7 (desenvolvimento de legume. A colheita foi realizada em aos 124 dias pós-semeadura, para quantificação do rendimento. A equação da função de dano obtida foi R = 4,257.50 – 33.16 S, onde R é o rendimento de grãos e S a severidade (% da doença, com R2 = 0.82 e p<0.0001. A equação resultante foi normalizada para 1,000 kg, sendo esta R = 1,000.0 – 7.79 S. Concluiu-se que a equação gerada da função de dano pode ser utilizada no cálculo do limiar de dano econômico (LDE, uma alternativa racional indicadora do momento para a aplicação de controle químico da mela em cultivares suscetíveis, mantendo a rentabilidade do agricultor e ser amigável com o meio ambiente.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wagner F. da Mota
2005-07-01
Full Text Available Efetuou-se a caracterização físico-química dos frutos de quatro cultivares de quiabo neste estudo. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, sendo os tratamentos constituídos pelas cultivares Amarelinho, Red Velvet, Star of David e Mammoth Spinless, com cinco repetições. Na maturidade comercial os frutos da cultivar Star of David tiveram maior diâmetro, peso fresco total e teor de matéria seca, menor comprimento, teor de umidade e de vitamina C comparado com as demais cultivares. A cultivar Red Velvet teve o menor diâmetro, peso fresco, teor de matéria seca, açúcares redutores e teores de clorofilas a, b e total, e maior teor de umidade e vitamina C. Frutos da cultivar Mammoth Spinless apresentaram os maiores teores de clorofilas a, b e total. A cultivar Amarelinho teve maior comprimento e menores teores de clorofila, a, b e total. As cultivares Amarelinho e Mammoth Spinless apresentaram maiores teores de açúcares redutores.In an experiment some physical and chemical characteristics of four okra cultivars were evaluated. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, where the treatments were the cultivars Amarelinho, Red Velvet, Star of David and Mammoth Spinless with five replications. At commercial maturity fruits of the cultivar Star of David presented the largest diameter, total fresh matter, content of dry matter, smallest length, content of water and vitamin C in comparison to the other cultivars. The cultivar Red Velvet presented the smallest diameter, total fresh matter, content of dry matter, reducing sugars and content of chlorophyll a, b and total, but the largest content of water and vitamin C. The cultivar Amarelinho produced the longest fruits and the smallest content of chlorophyll a, b and total. The cultivars Amarelinho and Mammoth Spinless showed higher contents of total reducing sugars.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Paulo Renato Barros Araújo
2004-12-01
Full Text Available Objetivou-se, com este experimento, avaliar o efeito da substituição do milho por palma forrageira sobre o desempenho de vacas mestiças em lactação e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Foram utilizadas oito vacas mestiças (5/8 HZ, distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos 4 x 4 em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (duas cultivares de palma forrageira, com ou sem milho. Não houve interação entre palma e milho e o efeito dos dois alimentos foi analisado de forma isolada. Os consumos de matéria seca, de fibra em detergente ácido, dematéria orgânica, de proteína bruta, de extrato etéreo e de carboidratos totais não foram influenciados pelas cultivares de palma utilizadas. Animais que receberam palma gigante nas dietas apresentaram maior consumo de fibra em detergente neutro. As dietas com milho proporcionaram maior consumo de matéria seca (kg/dia e % de PV. O consumo de NDT, os coeficientes de digestibilidade de todos os nutrientes, a produção de leite corrigida, o teor de gordura e a eficiência alimentar não foram influenciados pelas cultivares de palma forrageira ou pela inclusão milho.The experiment was conduced to evaluate the effects of corn replacement for forage cactus on the performance of crossbreed lactating cows and nutrient digestibility. Eight cows were assigned a two latin square design in a factorial 2 x 2 arrangement (two forage cactus cultivars, with or without corn.There was not interaction between forage cactus and corn and the effect of both were analyzed in an isolated way. The intake of dry matter, organic matter, acid detergent fiber, crude protein, ether extract and total carbohydrates were not affected by the forage cactus. Animals that received giant cultivar presented larger neutral detergent fiber intake. The diets with corn presented larger dry matter intake (kg/day and % of LW. The intake of TDN, the coefficients of digestibility of all nutrients, the fat corrected milk production, fat content and kg of milk
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cícero P. C. Terceiro Neto
2012-10-01
Full Text Available O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar estratégias de uso de água salobra sobre o acúmulo de matéria seca e nutrientes, duas cultivares de melão (Sancho- C1 e Medellín- C2 irrigadas com água de baixa (S1 = 0,61 dS m-1 e alta (S2 = 4,78 dS m-1 salinidade por fase da cultura: S1S1S2S2- T1, S2S1S2S2- T2, S2S2S1S2- T3 (os 1, 2, 3 e 4º termos correspondem, respectivamente, às fases de crescimento, floração, crescimento dos frutos e maturação e colheita e, ainda a irrigação alternada, durante todo o ciclo, com água S1 por 2 dias consecutivos seguido com água S2 por um dia (S12dias + S21dia- T4 e a irrigação com água S2 durante todo o ciclo- T5. Além disto foi utilizada, como testemunha, a irrigação com a mistura de 37% da água S1 e 63% da água S2- T0 (manejo adotado atualmente na fazenda em que o experimento foi conduzido. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados em um esquema de parcelas subdivididas 6 x 2 (manejo da água salina x cultivar com quatro repetições. O acúmulo de fitomassa seca total na parte aérea da cultivar Sancho foi superior ao de Medellín, em todas as estratégias de manejo utilizado; os nutrientes mais absorvidos pelas plantas das duas cultivares foram o cálcio, o potássio e o nitrogênio.A study was carried out aiming to investigate management strategies for use of brackish water in the accumulation of dry matter and nutrients in two cultivars of melon (C1 - Sancho and C2 - MedeLλi n irrigated with low (S1 = 0.61 dS m-1 and high (S2 = 4.78 dS m-1 salinity water in different phases of crop: S1S1S2S2 - T1, S2S1S2S2 - T2, S2S2S1S2 - T3. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th term correspond, respectively, to different phases - initial growth, flowering, fruit maturation and harvest. Alternate irrigation during the crop cycle, two days of consecutive application with S1 water followed by one day with S2 water (S1 2 days + S2 1day - T4 and irrigation with
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Leilson Costa Grangeiro
2007-04-01
Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar o acúmulo e exportação de nutrientes pela cultura da beterraba em condições de altas temperaturas e luminosidade. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados completos com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos constituídos pelas épocas de coleta de plantas (20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 dias após semeadura. Em cada coleta foram utilizadas quatro plantas por repetição. O máximo acúmulo de massa seca ocorreu aos 60 DAS, sendo de 21,35 g/planta. A maior demanda de nutriente aconteceu no período de 50 a 60 DAS para N e Mg, 30 a 50 DAS para P, 30 a 40 para K e 40 a 50 DAS para Ca. A ordem decrescente dos nutrientes acumulados pela beterraba foi: N, K, Mg, Ca e P. As quantidades totais de N, P, K, Ca e Mg exportadas pelas raízes foram respectivamente de 88,0; 6,1; 93,2; 12,1 e 16,8 kg/ha.The objective of this research was to determine on field condition the accumulation and exportation of nutrients by beet crop in conditions of high temperatures and radiations intensity. The experimental design was fully randomized blocks, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the sampling times (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after sowing (DAS. The maximum accumulation of dry mass occurred at 60 DAS, being of 21.35 g/plant. The period of higher demand for N and Mg occurred from 50 to 60 DAS, 30 the 50 DAT for P, 30 the 40 for K and 40 the 50 for Ca. The decreasing order of nutrient accumulation by the beet crop was: N, K, Mg, Ca and P. The roots exported 88.0 kg/ha of N; 6.1 kg/ha of P; 93.1 kg/ha of K; 12.1 kg/ha of Ca and 16.8 kg/ha of Mg.
Características qualitativas de cultivares de cebola no sul de Minas Gerais
Chagas, Silvio Júlio de Rezende; Resende, Geraldo Milanez de; Pereira, Lair Victor
2004-01-01
Com o objetivo de determinar a composição físico-química e química de cultivares de cebola (Allium cepa L.), conduziu-se um ensaio na Fazenda Experimental de Lavras da EPAMIG, Lavras-MG, no período de março a setembro de 1995. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e 6 tratamentos, constituídos pelas cultivares Baia Periforme, Crioula, Granex 33, Pira Ouro, Jubileu e Texas Grano 502. Após a cura, avaliaram-se o pH, sólidos solúveis e totais (%), acidez titulá...
Compatibilidade fenotípica entre cultivares de pereiras europeias eporta-enxertos de marmeleiro
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Bruno Dalazen Machado
2015-09-01
Full Text Available A cultura da pereira (Pyrus communisL. possui grande potencial de expansão no sul do Brasil devido às condições climáticas e de solo. A carência de informações a respeito da(s melhor(es combinação(ões de cultivares 'copa de pereiras europeias' e porta-enxertos de marmeleiro em relação à compatibilidade de enxertia é um dos fatores que tem limitado o cultivo de pera no país. A utilização de porta-enxertos de marmeleiros apresentam as vantagens de redução do vigor e rápida entrada em produção, porém, quando enxertados com algumas cultivares de 'pereira europeia', pode acarretar incompatibilidade de enxertia. O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar fenotipicamente a compatibilidade morfológica entre cultivares 'copa de pereiras europeias' e porta-enxertos de marmeleiro através das variáveis de crescimento das plantas, como o incremento de diâmetro (mm do tronco da cultivar e do porta-enxerto; diferença de diâmetro entre a cultivar e o porta-enxerto; incompatibilidade 'translocada'; incompatibilidade 'localizada'; e análise da conexão vascular no ponto de enxertia pela imersão em solução corante de Ácido Fuccínico 0,08%. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em pomares de pereiras europeias na região de Urupema, estado de Santa Catarina, durante os ciclos de cultivo 2011/12, 2012/13 e 2013/14. As combinações de cultivares de pereiras europeias e porta-enxertos avaliados foram a 'Abbè Fetel'/'Adams', 'Decana du Comice'/'Adams', 'Clapp's Favourite'/'EMA', 'Rocha'/'Adams', 'Packham´s Triumph'/'EMA' e 'Santa Maria'/'Adams'. A combinação 'Clapp´s Favourite'/'EMA' apresentou incompatibilidade do tipo 'localizada' pela descontinuidade vascular na região de união do enxerto, impedindo a passagem do corante. As combinações 'Rocha'/'Adams' e 'Abbè Fetel'/'Adams' não apresentaram incompatibilidade de enxertia. Nessas combinações, foram observadas união vascular contínua entre as cultivares e os porta
Smeets, N; Nuyens, F; Van Campenhout, L; Delezie, E; Pannecoucque, J; Niewold, T
2015-07-01
Three wheat cultivars (Orpheus, Rustic, and Viscount) were used to formulate 3 test feeds (62.4% wheat) in a broiler digestibility trial. The diets were fed to male Ross 308 broiler chickens. The wheat cultivars mainly differed in their amount of non-starch polysaccharides ( NSP: ). The cultivar Orpheus was chosen to represent a high amount of NSP (102 g/kg DM), whereas the cultivars Rustic and Viscount represented low amounts of NSP (83.4 g/kg DM and 73.9 g/kg DM, respectively). Furthermore, the cultivars Orpheus and Viscount were feed quality wheat, whereas Rustic was a milling quality wheat. Nutrient digestibilities and AMEn contents of the diets were measured from 18 to 22-days-old by total excreta collection, or with the use of the indigestible marker titanium dioxide. In addition, the ileal viscosity was measured when the broilers were 25-days-old. Wheat cultivar affected N retention, DM digestibility, and AMEn. In general, the feed formulated with the high NSP wheat cultivar Orpheus resulted in the least favorable nutrient digestibilities and AMEn, whereas the results were better when the feed was formulated with the low NSP cultivars Viscount and Rustic. Feeding the Rustic cultivar caused the highest intestinal viscosity, although this was not reflected in the animal responses. Nutrient digestibilities and AMEn content of the diets were lower when calculated with the titanium dioxide marker than with the total excreta collection procedure. Moreover, the P-values of the effect of wheat cultivar on DM digestibility, N retention, crude fat digestibility and AMEn were lower with the use of the titanium dioxide marker. It can be concluded that wheat cultivar affected nutrient digestibility and AMEn, and that the observed differences were related to the amount of NSP. Furthermore, both the titanium dioxide marker and the total excreta collection methods showed the same trends despite the different values obtained. The titanium dioxide marker method was the
Selectivity of thiobencarb between two lettuce (Lactuca sativa, L.) cultivars
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Reiners, S.
1987-01-01
Thiobencarb [S-(4-chlorobenzyl)N,N-diethylthiocarbamate] was examined for weed control on muck grown lettuce. Weed control results were erratic though differential lettuce tolerance was observed in the field. This led to the testing of five lettuce cultivars for tolerance to the herbicide. Of the five lettuce cultivars evaluated, two were selected with the widest tolerance differences: Great Lakes 366 (GLA) (tolerant) and Dark Green Boston (BOS) (susceptible). Studies examining the mechanism of thiobencarb tolerance were conducted with these two cultivars. Within four days after the addition of thiobencarb to the nutrient solution, BOS had significant reductions in the foliar dry weight. In addition, growth abnormalities including fused leaves were observed, indicating inhibition early in leaf development. Greater amounts of 14 C-thiobencarb were absorbed from nutrient solution by BOS, likely due to a significantly greater root system at the time of treatment. The greater uptake and accumulation of 14 C-label in the leaves, as well as significantly greater amounts of unmetabolized 14 C-thiobencarb in the foliage of BOS may account for the selectivity observed. A thiobencarb sulfoxide was not identified in these studies. This indicates that the metabolism of thiobencarb in lettuce differs from other members of the thiocarbamate family of herbicides
Compositional studies of lentil (lens culinaris medik.) cultivars commonly grown in Pakistan
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Haq, M.Z.U.; Ahmad, S.; Shad, M.A.; Qayum, M.
2011-01-01
Four improved lentil cultivars viz., Masoor 85, Masoor 93, NIAB Masoor 2002 and NIAB Masoor 2006 grown and consumed in Pakistan have been systematically analyzed to determine and compare their nutritional and compositional properties. Proximate analysis, anti-nutritional contents, amino acid and fatty acid profiles of the oil extracted along with mineral content from all four cultivars were investigated. Mineral composition showed that sufficient amounts of Ca, P, K, Cu, Zn and Mg were present to meet the macro and micro-nutrients demand in human diets. Despite variations, potassium and manganese were noted as being present in highest and lowest concentrations, respectively, in all cultivars. The distribution patterns of various amino acids in these cultivars suggested sulfur containing amino acids as limiting amino acids. Fatty acid profile indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. The data show that, in terms of both quality and quantity, all four lentil cultivars can serve as a significant source of essential amino acids, essential fatty acids and trace minerals to meet the demand of population of Pakistan. (author)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fernanda Alice Antonello Londero Backes
2007-11-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características produtivas e comerciais do cultivo de quatro cultivares de lisianto (Eustoma grandiflorum em três soluções nutritivas em sistema de fluxo laminar de nutrientes (NFT. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4x3, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos de quatro cultivares (Echo Champagne, Mariachi Pure White, Balboa Yellow e Ávila Blue Rim e três soluções nutritivas (Teste, Steiner modificada e Barbosa. O sistema NFT é uma alternativa viável para o cultivo de lisianto nas soluções Barbosa e Teste. A cultivar Echo Champagne foi superior quanto ao ciclo, período em produção, altura da haste floral, número de folhas, diâmetro de botão e produção de massa fresca e seca, enquanto a cultivar Mariachi Pure White se destacou quanto ao período em produção. A cultivar Ávila Blue Rim apresentou maior período de produção, número de flores e produção de massa de matéria fresca e seca, enquanto a cultivar Balboa Yellow apresentou maior período em produção e diâmetro de botão.The objective of this work was to evaluate yield and commercial traits of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum flowers growth in nutrient film technique (NFT. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in factorial scheme (4x3, with three replicates. The treatments were four cultivars (Echo Champagne, Mariachi Pure White, Balboa Yellow and Ávila Blue Rim and three nutrient solutions (Test, modified Steiner and Barbosa. The NFT system is a feasible alternative for the growth of lisianthus in Barbosa and Test solutions. The cultivar Echo Champagne was superior for cycle, length of production, height of flower stem, number of leaves, diameter of the bud flower and fresh and dry weight production, while the cultivar Mariachi Pure White was superior for length of production. The cultivar Ávila Blue Rim showed good length of production, number of flowers
Short communication. Major macro element exports in fruits of diverse almond cultivars
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Alonso, J. M.; Espada, J. L.; Socias, R.; Socias i Company, R.
2012-11-01
The amount of the major macro elements required to produce a given crop has been determined for a set of 11 almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) cultivars growing in the Middle Ebro Valley (NE Spain). A wide diversity of nutrient exports was found among the different cultivars. Although the production of kernels is the main objective when growing almonds, all the different fruit components: the mesocarp (hull), the endocarp (shell) and the seed (kernel), were taken into account. The different fruit components showed a great variation among cultivars, and the amount of fruit dry matter required for producing 1 kg of kernel ranged from 4.32 kg in Guara to 10.56 kg in Desmayo Largueta. Similarly, the macroelement requirements to produce a given amount of kernels varied among the different cultivars. Guara has proved to be the most effective cultivar in taking advantage of the mineral elements for producing a crop, showing that this efficiency is independent of the shell type. (Author) 9 refs.
DESEMPENHO DOS COMPONENTES DE PRODUÇÃO EM CULTIVARES DE SOJA
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Victor Alves Ribeiro
2015-12-01
Full Text Available Busca-se cultivares cada vez mais adaptadas e que expressem maiores níveis de produtividade, trazendo assim um melhor aproveitamento de áreas produtivas. Os componentes produtivos estão ligados à produtividade das cultivares de soja e são importantes no seu processo de seleção. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar duas cultivares de soja RR, com ciclos de maturação, precoce e superprecoce em sua adaptação a região central de Goiás. O delineamento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados com seis repetições. Os componentes de produção avaliados foram: Altura de plantas, número de grãos por planta, número de grãos por vagem, número de hastes, número de nós reprodutivos, número de vagens, número de vagens chochas, peso de grãos por planta, massa de mil grãos e produtividade. Os dados foram submetidos ao software Assistat para análises estatísticas e foi realizado o teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. As cultivares testadas apresentam variações nos caracteres produtivos avaliados e foram influenciados pelo hábito de crescimento. Através do número de nos reprodutivos foi possível identificar cultivares mais responsiva. A cultivar de hábito de crescimento determinado proporcionou maior rendimento de grãos. A cultivar de com hábito de crescimento indeterminado foi desfavorecida pela variação pluviométrica durante o estádio fenológico R5.
Kinetic parameters of silicon uptake by rice cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Priscila Oliveira Martins
2012-02-01
Full Text Available Silicon is considered an important chemical element for rice, because it can improve tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. However, in many situations no positive effect of silicon was observed, probably due to genetic factors. The objective of this research was to monitor Si uptake kinetics and identify responses of rice cultivars in terms of Si uptake capacity and use. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the São Paulo State University (UNESP, Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized, factorial design with three replications. that consisted of two rice cultivars and two Si levels. Kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km, and Cmin, root morphology variables, dry matter yield, Si accumulation and levels in shoots and roots, uptake efficiency, utilization efficiency, and root/shoot ratio were evaluated. Higher Si concentrations in the nutrient solution did not increase rice dry matter. The development of the low-affinity silicon uptake system of the rice cultivar 'Caiapó' was better than of 'Maravilha'.
Uptake kinetics of arsenic by lettuce cultivars under hydroponics ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Arsenic (As) uptake ability based on kinetic parameters by two lettuce cultivars; Sijibaiye (SJBY) and Texuanyanlingsun (TXYLS) was investigated in nutrient solution containing eight levels of arsenic (As). Depletion of As from solution was monitored over a period of 24 h at regular time to estimate As uptake kinetics of the ...
Seasonality of nutrients in leaves and fruits of apple trees
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nachtigall Gilmar Ribeiro
2006-01-01
Full Text Available The nutrient accumulation curves of apple trees are good indicators of plant nutrient demand for each developmental stage. They are also a useful tool to evaluate orchard nutritional status and to estimate the amount of soil nutrient removal. This research aimed at evaluating the seasonality of nutrients in commercial apple orchards during the agricultural years of 1999, 2000, and 2001. Therefore, apple tree leaves and fruits of three cultivars 'Gala', 'Golden Delicious' and 'Fuji' were weekly collected and evaluated for fresh and dry matter, fruit diameter and macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg and micronutrient (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations. Leaf and fruit sampling started one or two weeks after full bloom, depending on the cultivar, and ended at fruit harvest or four weeks later (in the case of leaf sampling. In general, leaf concentrations of N, P, K, Cu, and B decreased; Ca increased; and Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn did vary significantly along the plant vegetative cycle. In fruits, the initial nutrient concentrations decreased quickly, undergoing slow and continuous decreases and then remaining almost constant until the end of fruit maturation, indicating nutrient dilution, once the total nutrient accumulation increased gradually with fruit growth. Potassium was the nutrient present in highest quantities in apple tree fruits and thus, the most removed from the soil.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wilson Massamitu Furuya
2001-06-01
Full Text Available Este estudo foi realizado para determinar a energia digestível e a digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes do farelo de canola pela tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus. O óxido de crômio (0,1% foi utilizado como indicador inerte em dieta semi-purificada, com coleta de fezes pelo sistema Guelph. Os peixes foram alimentados até saciedade aparente. O farelo de canola apresentou valores de energia e nutrientes digestíveis de: 77,84; 71,99; 86,92; 88,19; 67,16 e 29,86% para a matéria seca, energia, proteína, lipídios, cálcio e fósforo, respectivamente, correspondendo a 2969,98 (kcal/kg; 69,97; 32,6; 1,2; 0,41 e 0,28%, de energia digestível, matéria seca, proteína e lipídios digestíveis e cálcio e fósforo disponíveis, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho evidenciam que a tilápia do Nilo pode utilizar eficientemente o farelo de canola.This study was carried out to determine the digestible energy and apparent nutrient digestibility of canola meal for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus. The chromic oxide (0.1% was used as an inert indicador in the semi-purified diet and faeces were collected by Guelph system. Fish were fed to apparent satiation. The apparent nutrient and energy digestibility of canola meal were: 77.84, 71.99, 86.92, 88.19, 67.16, and 29.86% for dry matter, energy, protein, lipids, calcium and phosphorus, respectively, corresponding to 2969,98 (kcal/kg; 69.97, 32.6, 1.2, 0.41, and 0.28% of, digestible energy, dry matter, protein and lipids and available calcium and phosphorus, respectively. The results obtained in this experiment evidence that Nile tilapia may be able to utilize canola meal eficiently.
Effect of boron on growth criteria of some wheat cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ashraf Metwally
2012-01-01
Full Text Available Introduction: Toxic soil concentrations of the essential micronutrient boron (B represent major limitations to crop production worldwide. Plants have a range of defense systems that might be involved in their affinity to resist and tolerate nutrients stress.Materials and methods: The experiments were carried out to study the differential responses in five wheat cultivars to boron toxicity. Results: The fresh and dry matter yield of the test wheat cultivars showed marked decrease as the concentration of boron was increased. Elevated concentration of boron had a notable inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis of pigments fractions in the test wheat cultivars as severely as dry matter gain. The adverse concentration effects of boron on some metabolic responses were clearly displayed by shoot and root systems, exhibited in the elevated rates of proline, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde formation. Potassium leakage was severely affected by boron-stress in some cultivars at all tested concentrations, while in some others a moderate damage was manifested only at the higher boron concentrations.Conclusions: Sakha 93 out of all the different cultivars investigated was found to display the lowest sensitivity to boron-stress, while Gemmeza 9 was the most sensitive one.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Elisa Cristina Modesto
2007-10-01
Full Text Available O objetivo do experimento foi estudar os efeitos da substituição da silagem de milho (SML pela silagem do terço superior da rama de mandioca (SRM no consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes de vacas em lactação. Doze vacas em lactação foram alocadas em um delineamento em blocos casualizados. Os níveis de substituição da SML pela SRMforam 0, 20, 40 e 60%. Os parâmetros analisados foram: consumo de matéria seca (CMS, matéria orgânica (CMO, fibra em detergente neutro (CFDN, fibra em detergente neutro indigestível (CFDNi, digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (DAMS, matéria orgânica(DAMO, proteína bruta (DAPB, fibra detergente neutro (DAFDN, carboidratos totais (DACT, carboidratos não fibrosos (DACNF. Foi observado que o nível de substituição da SML pela SRM não teve efeito significativo para a maioria das variáveis avaliadas (p > 0,05. No entanto, a DAPB (p The objective of the experiment was to study the effects of replacing corn silage (CS with cassava foliage silage (CFS – using the upperthird of the foliage – on intake and nutrient digestibility. Twelve lactating dairy cows were used in a randomized block design to evaluated intake and digestibility. The levels of replacement of CS with CFS were 0, 20, 40 and 60%. The parameters studied were: drymatter intake (DMI, organic matter intake (OMI, neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI, indigestible neutral detergent fiber intake (INDFI, apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADDM, apparent digestibility of organic matter (ADOM, apparent digestibility of crude protein (ADCP, apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (ADNDF, apparent digestibility of total carbohydrates (ADTC and apparent digestibility of non-fiber carbohydrates (ADNFC. The replacement of CS with different levels of the upper third ofcassava foliage silage (CFS had no effect in practically any of evaluated variables (p > 0.05. However, ADCP (p < 0.01 decreased as the levels of replacement were
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fernandes Adriano Alves
2002-01-01
Full Text Available Foram avaliados a produtividade, acúmulo de nitrato e estado nutricional das cultivares de alface Regina, Babá de Verão e Grandes Lagos em cultivo hidropônico. O experimento foi conduzido no outono, de 25/03 a 20/05/99 em estufa da UFV. Foram avaliados dois conjuntos de fontes de nutrientes para compor as soluções nutritivas de crescimento vegetativo, que continham: 13,6; 1,0; 7,0; 4,48; e 2,5 mmol L-1 de N, P, K, Ca e Mg, respectivamente. O enxofre foi fornecido na concentração de 3,5 ou 2,5 mmol L-1 e os micronutrientes nas concentrações de 45; 32; 46; 2; 0,9; e 0,2 mmol L-1 para Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu e Mo, respectivamente. A solução 1 forneceu 21,9% de N na forma amoniacal, e a solução 2, 100% de N na forma de nitrato. As fontes de P empregadas foram fosfato monoamônico e fosfato monopotássico para as soluções 1 e 2 respectivamente, sendo que esta variação implicou no uso de diferentes quantidades de KCl nas soluções, o que proporcionou concentrações diferentes de Cl, apresentando-se 6,76 e 2,18 mmol L-1 para as soluções 1 e 2, respectivamente. O cultivo foi feito em recipiente plástico com 8L de capacidade, contendo três plantas. Os recipientes foram arranjados de modo que se obtivesse espaçamento de 0,22 m entre plantas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso com seis repetições, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 (soluções x cultivares. Cada parcela foi constituída por três plantas. Foram avaliados o peso da matéria fresca da parte aérea, folhas, raízes e caule, número de folhas, comprimento do caule, porcentagem de matéria seca das folhas e estado nutricional da planta. A cv. Regina produziu 233 g planta-1 e a cv. Babá de Verão 193 g planta-1. Os resultados obtidos para a cultivar Grandes Lagos não foram satisfatórios nas condições do experimento. A solução 1 proporcionou menores concentrações de nitrato para as cultivares Grandes Lagos (1082 mg kg-1 de matéria fresca e Regina (1092
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nádia Izumi Terabe
2008-04-01
Full Text Available O conhecimento do comportamento natural da nogueira Pecan às principais doenças é de suma importância para o estabelecimento do planejamento da implantação da cultura. O controle fitossanitário e tratos culturais devem ser realizados de modo a não comprometerem a qualidade do produto final, as amêndoas. Foram avaliadas nozes produzidas na safra de 2005 e oriundas de Uraí-PR, pelas cultivares Burkett, Frotscher e Moneymaker, para identificar e quantificar os microrganismos associados à amêndoas e cascas dos frutos, bem como observar diferenças entre organismos colonizadores das cultivares. Os frutos foram avaliados na pós-colheita, aos trinta dias de armazenamento em ambiente, através da metodologia do papel de filtro, sendo submetidos ou não à assepsia superficial. O fungo Cladosporium caryigenum, promotor da rancificação das amêndoas foi observado, em amêndoas e cascas, nas cultivares Burkett, Frotscher e Moneymaker; Fusarium sp., foi encontrado em porcentuais elevados, tanto em amêndoas quanto em cascas das três cultivares estudadas; Cephalothecium roseum, causador do mofo róseo em amêndoas, na cultivar Frotscher. Aspergillus sp. e Penicillium sp., causadores de emboloramento e produtores de aflotoxinas foram observados em porcentuais representativos, em amêndoas da cultivar Frotscher e em amêndoas e cascas das cultivares Frotscher, Burkett e Moneymaker, respectivamente. Os maiores porcentuais de perda do rendimento foram observados na cultivar Burkett, por causa da incidência de Colletotrichum sp., causador da antracnose em amêndoas, que acarreta escurecimento e deterioração do produto final, levando-o ao descarte.The knowledgement of the natural behavior of the main diseases of Pecan nut is of utmost importance for the stablishment of an implantation plan for that culture. The phytosanitary control and cultural treatments should be performed in order not to change the quality of the final product. Nuts harvest
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fabiola Pascoal de Nogueira
2014-07-01
Full Text Available 800x600 Na cultura da melancia, a nutrição mineral é um dos fatores mais importante que contribui diretamente na produtividade e qualidade dos frutos. O nitrogênio e o potássio são os dois nutrientes mais exigidos, e deve ser aplicado de acordo com as exigências de cada cultivar.O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento e a marcha de absorção de cultivares de melancia sob diferentes doses de nitrogênio e potássio. O experimento, com as duas variedades de melancia, foi conduzido no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados no esquema de parcelas subdivididas 13 x 2, sendo o primeiro fator representado pela combinação de doses de nitrogênio (N e potássio (K em arranjo definido segundo o modelo: 2 x 2k+ 2k + 1, sendo k o número de fatores estudados (N e K. Os totais de N, P e K acumulados no tecido vegetal não variaram com as doses de N ou K aplicadas em fertirrigação.Os máximos valores acumulados de N total foram aos 62 (10,9 g planta-1 e 61 DAT (13,31 g planta-1, para as cultivares Quetzali e Leopard. Para P total o valor máximo ocorreu aos 57 DAT (1,88 g planta-1 e para o K aos 64 DAT (15,15 g planta-1, independentes da cultivar. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE
BRS Ana: cultivar de batata de duplo propósito BRS ANA: A dual purpose potato cultivar
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Arione da S Pereira
2010-12-01
Full Text Available O genótipo BRS Ana é uma nova cultivar de batata adequada para fritura à francesa, com potencial de processamento na forma de palitos pré-fritos congelados e de flocos, liberada em 2007. Foi desenvolvida pelo Programa de Melhoramento de Batata da Embrapa (Clima Temperado, Pelotas-RS, Transferência de Tecnologia - Escritório de Canoinhas-SC e Hortaliças, Brasília-DF, com base na aparência e rendimento de tubérculos, peso específico e qualidade de fritura. Os tubérculos têm película vermelha, levemente áspera, polpa branca, formato oval e olhos rasos. O potencial produtivo é alto. No ecossistema subtropical, apresentou maior produtividade (31,2 t ha-1 que as cultivares mais plantadas no país, quando cultivada no outono, e não diferiu na primavera. Em ecossistema tropical, plantio da seca, a cultivar BRS Ana foi tão produtiva (33,8 t ha-1 quanto as demais cultivares avaliadas. Produziu maior percentagem de tubérculos graúdos (55,6% e peso médio dos tubérculos (108,4 g que as testemunhas no outono do ecossistema subtropical. Em ambos os ecossistemas, a cultivar BRS Ana apresentou elevados valores de peso específico (1,086 e conteúdo de matéria seca (19,7%. Nos testes sensoriais mostrou-se adequada à fritura na forma de palitos, tanto no preparo doméstico, quanto na industrialização. É moderadamente suscetível à requeima (Phytophthora infestans e tem boa resistência à pinta-preta (Alternaria solani. A reação à podridão-mole (Pectobacterium sp. é similar à das cultivares mais plantadas. Apresenta baixa degenerescência de sementes por viroses, conferida pela resistência moderadamente alta ao PVY e baixa incidência do PLRV. Suscetibilidade a distúrbios de origem fisiológica nos tubérculos não tem sido observada. No ecossistema subtropical a tuberização é mais tardia na primavera, devendo portanto ser plantada mais cedo.The genotype BRS Ana is a new potato cultivar adequate for French fries, with
Datasets of mung bean proteins and metabolites from four different cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Akiko Hashiguchi
2017-08-01
Full Text Available Plants produce a wide array of nutrients that exert synergistic interaction among whole combinations of nutrients. Therefore comprehensive nutrient profiling is required to evaluate their nutritional/nutraceutical value and health promoting effect. In order to obtain such datasets for mung bean, which is known as a medicinal plant with heat alleviating effect, proteomic and metabolomic analyses were performed using four cultivars from China, Thailand, and Myanmar. In total, 449 proteins and 210 metabolic compounds were identified in seed coat; whereas 480 proteins and 217 metabolic compounds were detected in seed flesh, establishing the first comprehensive dataset of mung bean for nutraceutical evaluation.
Vernalização em cinco cultivares de morangueiro Vernalization on five cultivars of strawberry
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Marcelo Fontanetti Verdial
2007-08-01
Full Text Available A produção de morango é sazonal, e os melhores preços dos frutos são obtidos fora da estação. Buscando obter frutos fora da estação, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da vernalização em mudas de cinco cultivares de morangueiro. As mudas foram produzidas no sistema de vasos suspensos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso em fatorial 5x2x4, com cinco cultivares ("IAC-Campinas", "Dover", "Sweet Charlie", "Cartuno" e "Oso Grande", dois tratamentos (com e sem vernalização das mudas e quatro tempos, com quatro repetições. Para vernalização, as mudas foram levadas para câmara fria à temperatura de 10+2°C e fotoperíodo de 8h de luz dia-1 durante 28 dias, e em seguida transplantadas. Foram avaliadas as percentagens de sobrevivência, florescimento, frutificação, emissão de estolhos, a massa e o número de frutos produzidos por planta. A sobrevivência de mudas não foi afetada pela vernalização. Houve efeito significativo no florescimento e na frutificação das plantas vernalizadas. O estolonamento de plantas foi mais precoce nas mudas vernalizadas. Para todas as cultivares e tratamentos, a produção de frutos foi insignificante e comercialmente inviável.The strawberry production is seasonal, and the best fruit prices are obtained during the off season. Seeking to get fruits off season, this research was aimed at evaluating the effect of the seedling vernalization of five strawberry cultivars. The strawberry seedling were produced in suspended pot system. The experimental design was is completely randomized blocks with the factorial design 5x2x4, with five strawberry cultivars (IAC-Campinas, Dover, Sweet Charlie, Cartuno and Oso Grande, two treatments (with and without strawberry runners vernalization and four times. For vernalization, the strawberry seedling was taken to cold chamber at 10±2°C, and photoperiod of 8h of light day-1 for 28 days, after this they were transplanted. The
Selection and hydroponic growth of potato cultivars for bioregenerative life support systems
Molders, K.; Quinet, M.; Decat, J.; Secco, B.; Dulière, E.; Pieters, S.; van der Kooij, T.; Lutts, S.; Van Der Straeten, D.
2012-07-01
As part of the ESA-funded MELiSSA program, Ghent University and the Université catholique de Louvain investigated the suitability, growth and development of four potato cultivars in hydroponic culture under controlled conditions with the aim to incorporate such cultivation system in an Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS). Potato plants can fulfill three major functions in an ECLSS in space missions: (a) fixation of CO2 and production of O2, (b) production of tubers for human nutrition and (c) production of clean water after condensation of the water vapor released from the plants by transpiration. Four cultivars (Annabelle, Bintje, Desiree and Innovator) were selected and grown hydroponically in nutrient film technique (NFT) gullies in a growth chamber under controlled conditions. The plant growth parameters, tuber harvest parameters and results of tuber nutritional analysis of the four cultivars were compared. The four potato cultivars grew well and all produced tubers. The growth period lasted 127 days for all cultivars except for Desiree which needed 145 days. Annabelle (1.45 kg/m2) and Bintje (1.355 kg/m2) were the best performing of the four cultivars. They also produced two times more tubers than Desiree and Innovator. Innovator produced the biggest tubers (20.95 g/tuber) and Desiree the smallest (7.67 g/tuber). The size of Annabelle and Bintje potatoes were intermediate. Bintje plants produced the highest total biomass in term of DW. The highest non-edible biomass was produced by Desiree, which showed both the highest shoot and root DW. The manual length and width measurements were also used to predict the total tuber mass. The energy values of the tubers remained in the range of the 2010 USDA and Souci-Fachmann-Kraut food composition databases. The amount of Ca determined was slightly reduced compared to the USDA value, but close to the Souci-Fachmann-Kraut value. The concentration of Cu, Zn and P were high compared to both databases
Qualidade sensorial de frutos de híbridos de bananeira cultivar Pacovan
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
MATSUURA FERNANDO CÉSAR AKIRA URBANO
2002-01-01
Full Text Available O objetivo desse experimento foi avaliar a aceitação sensorial dos híbridos PV03-44 e PV03-76, provenientes do parental feminino cultivar Pacovan e selecionados pela Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura. Os atributos aroma, sabor, textura e cor foram avaliados por meio de teste de aceitação, utilizando-se de escala hedônica de 9 pontos, com frutos servidos na forma de rodelas de 1,5 cm de espessura. Análises de pH, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável, açúcares totais e redutores e amido também foram realizadas. Os frutos apresentaram valores de pH na faixa de 4,3 a 4,5, acidez total titulável (% ácido málico de 0,53 a 0,64, sólidos solúveis totais (% de 22,2 a 27,4, açúcares totais (% de 15,0 a 24,3, açúcares redutores (% de 10,7 a 12,4 e amido (% de 2,1 a 3,2. Os resultados da análise sensorial mostraram os maiores valores para a cultivar Pacovan quanto aos atributos de sabor, textura e cor, com valores de 7,0; 6,8 e 7,8, respectivamente, posicionando-se entre os termos "gostei regularmente" e "gostei muito", na escala hedônica de 9 pontos. Os híbridos PV03-76 e PV03-44 apresentaram resultados similares entre si e significativamente inferiores aos da cultivar Pacovan para os atributos sabor e cor. Conclui-se pela aceitação sensorial satisfatória, exceto para o atributo cor, dos híbridos PV03-44 e PV03-76.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Eduardo Caierão
2006-02-01
Full Text Available A cevada MN 743, criada pela Cia Brasileira de Bebidas (AmBev foi lançada para cultivo no ano de 2004. Originou-se de um cruzamento simples entre as linhagens MN 681 e GIMPEL, realizado em 1992, no campo experimental da antiga Cia Brahma, no município de Encruzilhada do Sul. A cultivar MN 743 é do tipo duas fileiras, possui ciclo precoce e ampla adaptação às condições do sul do Brasil. Das cultivares disponíveis a nível de produção é a que apresenta a maior classificação comercial (grãos de primeira qualidade. Nos anos em que fez parte do ensaio de Valor de Cultivo e Uso (VCU, sempre apresentou médias competitivas em termos de rendimento corrigido em relação à testemunha de maior área no Brasil, MN 698. Com relação às características qualitativas, apresenta excelente performance no que diz respeito ao teor de extrato e poder diastásico. A cultivar é recomendada para os estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná. Devido a seu ótimo desempenho no aspecto qualidade, visando a indústria cervejeira, a cultivar representa um importante avanço para o melhoramento deste cereal no Brasil, aliando os interesses do produtor e da indústria.Barley cultivar MN 743, developed by the Cia. Brasileira de Bebidas (AmBev was released in 2004. It resulted from a simple cross between lines MN 681 x GIMPEL, made in 1992, in the Brahma's Experimental Field - Encruzilhada do Sul/RS. MN 743, a two-rowed type cultivar has early cicle and is broadly adapted to southern Brazil. Among the hight producing cultivars available, it shows higher kernel plumpness (first quality kernel. Over the years it was included in the VCU (cost and use value trial, the cultivar has repeatedly showed competitive means in adjusted yield, as compared to the control occupying the largest cropped area in Brazil, MN 698. Regarding quality characteristics, it has an excellent performance as friability and diastasic power. The cultivar is recomended for all
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Eduardo Caierão
2005-12-01
Full Text Available A cevada MN 743, criada pela Cia Brasileira de Bebidas (AmBev foi lançada para cultivo no ano de 2004. Originou-se de um cruzamento simples entre as linhagens MN 681 e GIMPEL, realizado em 1992, no campo experimental da antiga Cia Brahma, no município de Encruzilhada do Sul. A cultivar MN 743 é do tipo duas fileiras, possui ciclo precoce e ampla adaptação às condições do sul do Brasil. Das cultivares disponíveis a nível de produção é a que apresenta a maior classificação comercial (grãos de primeira qualidade. Nos anos em que fez parte do ensaio de Valor de Cultivo e Uso (VCU, sempre apresentou médias competitivas em termos de rendimento corrigido em relação à testemunha de maior área no Brasil, MN 698. Com relação às características qualitativas, apresenta excelente performance no que diz respeito ao teor de extrato e poder diastásico. A cultivar é recomendada para os estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná. Devido a seu ótimo desempenho no aspecto qualidade, visando a indústria cervejeira, a cultivar representa um importante avanço para o melhoramento deste cereal no Brasil, aliando os interesses do produtor e da indústria.Barley cultivar MN 743, developed by the Cia. Brasileira de Bebidas (AmBev was released in 2004. It resulted from a simple cross between lines MN 681 x GIMPEL, made in 1992, in the Brahma's Experimental Field - Encruzilhada do Sul/RS. MN 743, a two-rowed type cultivar has early cicle and is broadly adapted to southern Brazil. Among the hight producing cultivars available, it shows higher kernel plumpness (first quality kernel. Over the years it was included in the VCU (cost and use value trial, the cultivar has repeatedly showed competitive means in adjusted yield, as compared to the control occupying the largest cropped area in Brazil, MN 698. Regarding quality characteristics, it has an excellent performance as friability and diastasic power. The cultivar is recomended for all
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ondino Cleante Bataglia
1984-01-01
Full Text Available Num experimento conduzido em São Simão (SP durante três anos consecutivos, em um latossolo roxo de textura média, anteriormente sob vegetação de cerrado, estudou-se o efeito da aplicação de fosfato-de-araxá, hiperfosfato, termofosfato (Yoorin e superfosfato triplo em presença e ausência de calagem, sobre o crescimento, produtividade e absorção de nutrientes pela soja cultivar Santa-Rosa. Os dados evidenciaram a importância dos nutrientes acompanhantes de fósforo dos adubos fosfatados, especialmente do cálcio, sobre o crescimento, produção de grãos e absorção de fósforo pela parte aérea da soja. Na presença de calagem, não houve diferença marcante entre os adubos sobre a produtividade e absorção do fósforo. Na sua ausência, os adubos menos solúveis, aplicados em maiores quantidades e, portanto, levando grandes quantidades de cálcio, mostraram efeitos residuais melhores que os fosfatados mais solúveis. A produtividade com a aplicação dos fosfatos menos solúveis no terceiro ano de plantio sem calagem mostrou boa correlação com a absorção de cálcio, magnésio, fósforo e com a relação Ca/Mn das folhas.One experiment was conducted during three successive growing seasons in São Simão, State of São Paulo, Brazil, to test the effect of different phosphates and liming on the uptake of phosphorus by soybeans. The phosphates were: >- rock phosphate, hyperphosphate, termophosphate (Yoorin and triple superphosphate, at rates of 100, 200 and 400kg/ha of water or 2% citric acid soluble P2O5 and a common control without phosphorus. The phosphates were broadcasted over limed or non limed plots. Dolomitic lime was applied at rates of 2500kg/ha before the first and third planting. The cultivar used was 'Santa Rosa'. Field data demonstrated the importance of the nutrients, specially calcium, carried by the phosphate together with phosphorus, on growth, grain productivity and phosphorus uptake by soybeans. In the
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Zia, M.A.; Ashraf, M.; Akram, A.
2014-01-01
Ten cultivars (five registered S-24, Inqlab-91, Saher-2006, Fsd-2008, and Lasani, and five candidate cultivars P.B-18, M.P-65, S.H-20, AARI-10, and G.A-20) of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were examined for high temperature stress tolerance. Plants were grown in soil filled pots in the Botanical Garden of the Department of Botany University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Three different temperature regimes (30, 40 and 50 degree C) were applied at two different growth stages (tillering and boot) for three temperature durations 30, 60 and 90 min in a growth chamber. The leaf and root samples were collected after two weeks of temperature treatment and then analyzed for enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants as well as inorganic nutrients (N, P, K+, Ca2+). At the end, data obtained were statistically analyzed to distinguish heat tolerant from non-tolerant wheat cultivars. After appraisal of growth, antioxidant defense system and uptake of nutrients it was found that cvs. S-24, Inqlab-91, Saher-2006, Fsd-2008, Lasani and G.A-20 exhibited better thermo-tolerance capabilities than the other wheat cultivars (P.B-18, M.P-65, S.H-20, AARI-10). Among the thermo-tolerant wheat cultivars, G.A-20 and Lasani were superior in maintaining shoot fresh weights and shoot length, high antioxidant activities and better nutrient uptake at both tillering and boot stages. The response of all cultivars to heat stress applied at the tillering stage or boot stage was almost the same. (author)
Partição de biomassa seca e nutriente em minicepas de eucalipto influenciada pela adubação NPK
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
José Pereira Carvalho Neto
2012-09-01
Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050986615O estado nutricional da planta-matriz é de grande importância para a manutenção do seu vigor vegetativo, o que determina a produção de brotos e também os índices de enraizamento e velocidade de formação das raízes, uma vez que os macronutrientes e os micronutrientes estão envolvidos nos processos bioquímicos e fisiológicos vitais à planta. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da adubação NPK sobre a partição de biomassa seca e nutriente em minicepa de eucalipto em solução nutritiva. O trabalho foi realizado de novembro de 2008 a janeiro de 2009, em casa de vegetação. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial fracionado (4x4x41/2, perfazendo 32 tratamentos com três repetições. Os tratamentos se constituíram de quatro doses dos nutrientes de N (50; 100; 200 e 400 mg L-1 na forma de ureia, P (7,5; 15; 30 e 60 mg L-1 na forma de ácido fosfórico e K (50; 100; 200 e 400 mg L-1 na forma de cloreto de potássio em solução nutritiva. Houve efeito significativo apenas para as doses de N isoladamente, para a biomassa seca das miniestacas e biomassa seca da parte aérea e raiz das minicepas com efeito linear decrescente, com o aumento das doses de N. A dose de 50 mg L-1 de N proporcionou maior acúmulo de biomassa seca das miniestacas e minicepas. A distribuição percentual da biomassa seca e dos nutrientes na biomassa seca das miniestacas, parte aérea e raízes das minicepas variou em relação às doses de N. A extração de macronutrientes pelas miniestacas de 6 cm na dose de 50 mg L-1 de N seguiu a seguinte ordem decrescente de N > S > P > K > Ca > Mg e micronutrientes de Cu > B > Mn > Fe > Zn.
Fluxo gênico recíproco entre cultivares de soja convencional e geneticamente modificada
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Welison Andrade Pereira
2012-02-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o fluxo gênico recíproco entre duas cultivares de soja, uma tolerante e outra sensível ao glifosato, além de aplicar estimadores para determinar a taxa de fecundação cruzada na população e o número de sementes híbridas na progênie. O experimento compôs-se de quatro blocos com 40 fileiras de soja, com 20 fileiras de cada cultivar (CD217 e CD219RR. No estádio R8, cinco fileiras, distantes 0, 5, 1, 2, 4 e 8 m da cultivar adjacente, foram colhidas, trilhadas e analisadas quanto à ocorrência de fluxo gênico. Como características marcadoras, foram utilizadas as cores da flor, hipocótilo e pubescência, e a tolerância ao glifosato. As cultivares contrastam quanto às características analisadas, cada uma condicionada por um gene com dois alelos, em interação de dominância completa. Na progênie da cultivar tolerante, a maior taxa de híbridos encontrada foi 0, 27% e, na progênie da cultivar sensível, identificou-se 0, 83%; pela hipótese do efeito diluição, as taxas de hibridação natural populacional seriam 0, 104 e 0, 388%, respectivamente. O fluxo gênico recíproco entre as cultivares CD217 e CD219RR não é o mesmo em ambas as direções. Os estimadores propostos são úteis para determinar a taxa de híbridos em amostras de sementes.
Zhi, Yang; He, Kangxin; Sun, Ting; Zhu, Yongqiang; Zhou, Qixing
2015-09-01
The selection of cadmium-excluding cultivars has been used to minimize the transfer of cadmium into the human food chain. In this experiment, five Chinese soybean plants were grown in three soils with different concentrations of Cd (0.15, 0.75 and 1.12mg/kg). Variations in uptake, enrichment, and translocation of Cd among these soybean cultivars were studied. The results indicated that the concentration of Cd in seeds that grew at 1.12mg/kg Cd in soils exceeded the permitted maximum levels in soybeans. Therefore, our results indicated that even some soybean cultivars grown on soils with permitted levels of Cd might accumulate higher concentrations of Cd in seeds that are hazardous to human health. The seeds of these five cultivars were further assessed for interactions between Cd and other mineral nutrient elements such as Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn. High Cd concentration in soil was found to inhibit the uptake of Mn. Furthermore, Fe and Zn accumulations were found to be enhanced in the seeds of all of the five soybean cultivars in response to high Cd concentration. Cultivar Tiefeng 31 was found to fit the criteria for a Cd-excluding cultivar under different concentrations of Cd in soils. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jácomo Divino Borges
2007-09-01
Full Text Available
The herbicides cyanazine and linuron were tested on the pea cultivars Marina, Mikado and Triofin, in Goiânia, State of Goiás, from May to August 1989. The number of pods/plant, grains/pod, weight of 100 grains and yield of grains were not affected by the herbicides used. There was no interaction effect of herbicides and cultivars. Only a slight toxic effect on the foliage of young plants of all cultivars was caused by linuron and on young plants of Mikado by cyanazine at 1,250 g.a.i./ha. In most treatments, Marina and Mikado proved to be more productive than Triofin.
Foi instalado em Goiânia, Estado de Goiás, no período de maio a agosto de 1989, um ensaio para verificar a seletividade dos herbicidas cyanazine e linuron para as cultivares de ervilha Marina, Mikado e Triofin. Linuron provocou uma fraca fitotoxicidade em todas as cultivares, enquanto que cyanazine a 1.250 g.i.a./ha foi levemente fitotóxico apenas para a cultivar Mikado. O número de vagens por planta e grãos por vagem, peso de 100 grãos secos e a produção de grãos não foram afetados pela ação dos herbicidas. Não houve interação herbicidas versus cultivares. Na maioria dos tratamentos, Marina e Mikado mostraram-se mais produtivas que Triofin.
Teores de macronutrientes em melancias fertirrigadas com diferentes doses de nitrogênio e potássio
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Max Venicius Teixeira da Silva
2014-07-01
Full Text Available 800x600 A melancieira é uma planta cultivada praticamente em quase todo o Brasil, desde regiões mais frias do Rio Grande do Sul até regiões mais quentes do Nordeste brasileiro. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os teores de macronutrientes (N, P e K na folha sob diferentes doses de nitrogênio e potássio via fertirrigação nas cultivares de melancia Quetzali (Com sementes e Leopard (Sem sementes. O experimento, com as duas variedades de melancia, foi conduzido no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados no esquema de parcelas subdivididas 13 x 2, sendo o primeiro fator representado pela combinação de doses de nitrogênio (N e potássio (K em arranjo definido segundo o modelo: 2 x 2k + 2k + 1, sendo k o número de fatores estudados (N e K. A ordem decrescente dos macronutrientes acumulados pela cultivar Quetzali seguiu a seguinte sequência: N>K e P, já a Leopard seguiu a ordem: K, N e P, a cultivar Quetzali acumulou sua maior quantidade de nutrientes entre 15 a 35 Dias ápos o transplantio (DAT, enquanto a cultivar Leopard acumulou grande parte dos nutrientes entre 15 a 45 DAT, a cultivar Leopard teve uma maior resposta a plicação de N e K, quando comparado a Quetzali. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cleiton Lacerda Godoy
2013-10-01
Full Text Available n plant breeding programs that aim to obtain cultivars with nitrogen (N use efficiency, the focus is on methods of selection and experimental procedures that present low cost, fast response, high repeatability, and can be applied to a large number of cultivars. Thus, the objectives of this study were to classify maize cultivars regarding their use efficiency and response to N in a breeding program, and to validate the methodology with contrasting doses of the nutrient. The experimental design was a randomized block with the treatments arranged in a split-plot scheme with three replicates and five N doses (0, 30, 60, 120 and 200 kg ha-1 in the plots, and six cultivars in subplots. We compared a method examining the efficiency and response (ER with two contrasting doses of N. After that, the analysis of variance, mean comparison and regression analysis were performed. In conclusion, the method of the use efficiency and response based on two N levels classifies the cultivars in the same way as the regression analysis, and it is appropriate in plant breeding routine. Thus, it is necessary to identify the levels of N required to discriminate maize cultivars in conditions of low and high N availability in plant breeding programs that aim to obtain efficient and responsive cultivars. Moreover, the analysis of the interaction genotype x environment at experiments with contrasting doses is always required, even when the interaction is not significant.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Odirce Teixeira Antunes
2007-03-01
Full Text Available A cultura do morangueiro, tradicionalmente produzida a campo, teve seu sistema de cultivo modificado, sendo hoje produzido também em ambientes protegidos. Essa tecnologia pode, porém, ocasionar a produção de frutos deformados, devido à polinização entomófila insuficiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade dos frutos de morangueiro em ambiente protegido, utilizando a abelha jataí como agente polinizador. Foram avaliadas quatro cultivares de morangueiro (Oso Grande, Tudla, Chandler e Dover, na ausência e presença de duas e quatro colméias da Tetragonisca angustula (abelha sem ferrão Jataí. Os tratamentos constituíram um fatorial 4 x 3, dispostos em um delineamento completamente casualizado, com sete repetições e 6 plantas úteis por parcela. Os rendimentos obtidos nas cvs. Oso Grande, Tudla e Chandler demonstram que a presença da abelha jataí na polinização em ambiente protegido contribui para o aumento da produtividade. A cv. Dover é a que se mostrou menos dependente de agentes polinizadores. A presença de abelhas eleva a porcentagem de frutos comerciáveis. A recomendação é da utilização de quatro colméias de Tetragonisca angustula para cada 170 m² de área protegida.Strawberry, which used to be typically grown in field conditions, had the growth system changed to be produced under protected environment. However, the harvested fruits in this system may show a certain deformation due to the insects pollination's deficit. In this work the strawberry yield was evaluated under protected cultivation, using stinglees bees (Meliponinae Jatai as a pollination agent. Four strawberry cultivars (Oso Grande, Tudla, Chandler, and Dover were evaluated in the presence of Tetragonisca angustula L. (Jatai bee, using two, four, and no beehives. A completely randomized design in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme with seven replications and six plants per plot was used. The yield of Oso Grande, Tudla, and Chandler cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alex Sandro Poltronieri
2008-12-01
Full Text Available Estudaram-se a ocorrência e os danos de Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae em pomar comercial de pessegueiros com seis cultivares de ciclos de maturação de frutos precoce ('São Pedro', médio ('Chimarrita', 'Ouro', 'Coral' e 'Marli' e tardio ('BR II', no município de Araucária-PR. Foram sorteadas cinco plantas por cultivar para serem avaliados os danos em brotações e frutos. Os danos foram acumulados e avaliados em três fases: pré-raleio, endurecimento do caroço e colheita. Os resultados mostraram que houve um nível diferenciado no ataque de G. molesta em brotações e frutos, entre as cultivares. As avaliações de danos em brotações mostraram que, até a fase de colheita, a cultivar Ouro foi a mais atacada, sendo superada pela 'Chimarrita' quando se inclui os danos ocorridos na fase pós-colheita. Em frutos, a 'Marli' apresentou o maior número de pêssegos danificados entre as seis cultivares avaliadas.This paper deals with the occurrence and damage of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae in a commercial peach orchard with six cultivars of different fruit ripening cycles: precocious ('São Pedro ', medium ('Chimarrita ', 'Ouro ', 'Coral ' and 'Marli ' and late ('BR II ', in Araucaria, State of Paraná, Brazil. Five plants of each cultivar were selected for evaluating the damages in shoots and fruits. The damages were accumulated and evaluated in three phases: previous thinning, stone hardening and harvesting. The results were as follows: the cultivar "Ouro" was the most damaged one up to the harvesting phase, although 'Chimarrita' surpassed 'Ouro' when the damages observed in the post-harvesting phase were included. Among the six cultivars, 'Marli' was the one presenting the highest number of damaged fruits.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gabriel Ferreira Bartholo
2003-08-01
Full Text Available Os experimentos foram instalados na Fazenda Experimental da Epamig em São Sebastião do Paraíso, com o objetivo de estudar o comportamento das cultivares Mundo Novo-IAC 379/19; Icatu Precoce-IAC 3282; Icatu Amarelo-IAC 2944 e Rubi-MG 1192, em relação a épocas de parcelamento de adubação. As respostas das cultivares foram medidas sobre a produção em função das épocas de parcelamento da adubação, demonstrando que a característica estudada foi influenciada pelas combinações das épocas em que foram submetidas. A cultivar Mundo Novo-IAC 379/19 tolerou intervalos maiores entre as adubações no período de outubro a março, e a cultivar Icatu Amarelo-IAC 2944 respondeu de modo significativo a quatro parcelamentos consecutivos com intervalo de 30-40 dias entre as aplicações. Para a cultivar Icatu Precoce-IAC 3282, existem opções de estabelecimento de épocas adequadas, dependendo do início das chuvas. A cultivar Rubi-MG 1192 não respondeu às épocas de parcelamento da adubação.ABSTRACT - The work was conducted at EPAMIG's Experimental Station in São Sebastião do Paraíso, MG, to study the performance of Mundo Novo-IAC 379/19; Icatu Precoce-IAC 3282; Icatu Amarelo-IAC 2944 and Rubi- MG 1192 coffee cultivars, in relation to time and parceling out of fertilization. Cultivar responses were evaluated by yield measurements, with the results showing that this parameter was affected by time in which fertilization was made. Mundo Novo-IAC 379/19 cultivar tolerated broader intervals between the fertilizations from October to March. Icatu Amarelo-IAC 2944 response was significant to four consecutive parceling, with intervals from 30 to 40 days between applications. Icatu Precoce-IAC 3282 cultivar presented other more appropriate time options depending on the start of rainy season. Rubi-MG 1192 cultivar was not responsive to split-fertilization.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mara Fernandes Moura
2011-10-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou verificar a influência de três porta-enxertos no comportamento da cultivar Juliana em relação à fenologia, em três épocas de poda e em relação aos caracteres físicos de cachos, de bagas e de engaços, em duas épocas de poda. Os ensaios foram avaliados em Jundiaí-SP, e as podas foram realizadas em 15-08-2007, 22-01-2008 e 16-09-2008. O delineamento experimental foi o em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições, sendo as parcelas representadas pela combinação da cultivar Juliana enxertada sobre os porta-enxertos 'Ripária do Traviú', 'IAC 572' e 'IAC766', e as subparcelas, pelas épocas de poda, que corresponderam a três para os estádios fenológicos e a duas para os caracteres físicos de cachos, bagas e engaço. Não houve diferença entre os porta-enxertos para os estádios fenológicos e para os caracteres físicos de cachos e de bagas, com exceção para massa da matéria fresca de baga e massa fresca de engaço. Maior massa da matéria fresca de engaço foi obtida pela combinação da cultivar Juliana e o porta-enxerto 'IAC 572'. Para as diferentes épocas de poda, foram detectadas diferenças para todos os estádios fenológicos, havendo interação entre porta-enxerto e época de poda para os estádios E1 - período da poda ao início da brotação; E2 - período da poda ao início do florescimento, e E5 - período da poda ao início da colheita.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cleber M. Guimarães
2008-10-01
Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar, fenotipicamente, as cultivares de arroz tradicionais Guarani e Caiapó, e as modernas, CIRAD L(-141, Maravilha, BR IRGA 409 e Metica 1, por meio da associação entre os vários componentes da produtividade de grãos, para prover base de seleção genética em populações de plantas. O estudo foi conduzido na estação chuvosa do ano agrícola de 2003-2004, na área experimental da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, em Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO. Em condições de sequeiro, com suplementação hídrica, as cultivares de arroz de terras altas CIRAD L(-141, Guarani, Caiapó e Maravilha, apresentaram maiores índices de colheita e menores percentagens de esterilidade de espiguetas que as de arroz irrigado BR IRGA 409 e Metica 1. Concluiu-se que a maior produção de biomassa pelas cultivares de arroz irrigado não se refletiu na produtividade de grãos. A CIRAD L(-141 por apresentar alta área foliar, panículas densas com alto número de grãos e um comportamento intermediário em todos os componentes avaliados, como índice de colheita, massa dos grãos, fertilidade de perfilhos, perfilhamento, esterilidade de espiguetas e taxa de crescimento, produziu 12,5% a mais que a segunda mais produtiva. O aumento do índice de colheita e da massa dos grãos e a redução da esterilidade das espiguetas devido às suas altas correlações com a produtividade, são considerados prioritários em programas de melhoramento de arroz que visem obter cultivares mais produtivas.The objective of this study was to phenotypically evaluate the traditional rice cultivars Guarani and Caiapó, and the modern rice cultivars CIRAD L(-141, Maravilha, BR IRGA 409, and Metica 1 through association among various yield components to establish a genetic selection base in plant population. The study was conducted during the rainy season of 2003-2004, at the Embrapa Rice & Beans experimental station, in Santo Antônio de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil. With
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fernando S. Galindo
Full Text Available ABSTRACT Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF efficiency can be increased by co-inoculation with bradyrhizobia and Azospirillum brasilense, allowing even greater uptake of water and nutrients, leading to higher yields. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the technical and economic viability of soybean in the Cerrado, according to the cultivars and co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria, MS, in no-tillage system, in Oxisol, arranged in a randomized block design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme with two cultivars (‘Potência’ and ‘Valiosa’, with and without co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in the seed. Co-inoculation with A. brasilense increases grain yield in the cultivars ‘Potência’ and ‘Valiosa’, being economically viable. However, using the cultivar ‘Potência’ co-inoculated led to the highest profitability.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Angela Maria Palacio Cortés
2007-12-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a influência das fontes e doses de nitrogênio no teor e na extração de nutrientes na parte aérea de carqueja seis meses após o plantio, assim como sua relação com o rendimento de matéria seca e óleo essencial. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental de Canguiri (UFPR, com delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições em parcelas de 2m². Os tratamentos foram 4, 8 e 16g de nitrogênio (N por planta, na forma de uréia; as mesmas quantidades de N na forma de esterco ovino; e o controle, sem aplicação de N. As adubações realizaram-se em duas aplicações com intervalo de dois meses. Não foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre tratamentos para o teor e a extração de nutrientes nestas condições de fertilidade do solo, o que também foi observado para a produção de matéria seca e o teor de óleo essencial. A quantidade de nutrientes extraídos pela parte aérea apresenta a seqüência decrescente K > N > Ca > S > Mg > P para os macronutrientes e de Mn >Fe > B > Zn > Cu para os micronutrientes.This research was aimed at determining the influence of nitrogen sources and levels on the amount and concentration of nutrients extracted from the shoots of carqueja six months after planted. The amount and concentration were correlated to the essential oil and dry matter production. The experiment was conducted at Experimental Station of Canguiri (UFPR, with experimental design in random blocks with seven treatments and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of 4, 8 and 16 grams of nitrogen (N per plant of urea and manure sources, and a control without N application. The fertilization was done two times with an interval of two months. There was no statistical difference between content and extraction of nutrients for treatments for these soil fertility conditions. Similar results were observed for dry matter and essential
Carbohydrate production and transport in cotton cultivars grown under boron deficiency
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Julio Cesar Bogiani
2013-12-01
Full Text Available An adequate supply of boron (B is required for the optimal growth and development of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. plants, but the low phloem mobility of B limits the possibilities of correcting B deficiency. There are indications that different cotton cultivars could have different responses to B deficiency. The differences in responses of cotton cultivars to B regarding photoassimilate production and transport were studied in a greenhouse experiment with nutrient solution. Treatments consisted of three cotton cultivars (FMT 701, DP 604BG and FMX 993 and five concentrations of B (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 µmol L−1. Sampling began at the phenological stage B1 (first square and continued for four weeks. The leaf area and the number of reproductive branches and structures decreased due to B deficiency. A higher level of abortion of reproductive structures was observed under B deficiency. Boron deficiency increased the internal CO2 concentration but decreased the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. Despite the decrease in photosynthesis, nonstructural carbohydrates accumulated in the leaves due to decreased export to bolls in B-deficient plants. The response to B deficiency is similar among cotton cultivars, which shows that the variability for this trait is low even for cultivars with different genetic backgrounds.
Reposição de nutrientes durante três cultivos de alface em hidroponia
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Backes Fernanda Alice A.L.
2003-01-01
Full Text Available O experimento foi realizado em estufa plástica na UFSM, de agosto a novembro/99. Avaliou-se cinco formas de reposição de nutrientes na solução nutritiva com base na condutividade elétrica (CE, no sistema 'NFT' (Nutrient Film Technique e duas cultivares de alface: Regina e Deisy, cultivadas em bancadas de sustentação formadas por telhas de fibro-cimento revestidas com tinta betuminosa Neutrolâ. Foram dispostas 14 plantas por canal para cada repetição e uma cultivar em cada três canais, totalizando 84 plantas por bancada de produção. Comparou-se a eficiência de métodos de reposição de nutrientes na produção de alface, assim como a utilização da mesma solução, com reposição de nutrientes, durante três cultivos consecutivos. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial 5x2. Os resultados demonstraram que o desempenho das cultivares avaliadas não foi influenciado pelos métodos de reposição de nutrientes. A ausência de reposição de nutrientes na solução nutritiva, durante um cultivo, permitiu maior produtividade da cultura, não se recomendando a reposição quando o objetivo for renovar a solução ao final do cultivo. As formas de reposição de nutrientes na solução nutritiva, durante o primeiro e segundo cultivos, não alteraram a produtividade da cultura em relação à renovação completa da solução nutritiva ao final do cultivo hidropônico. Para a reutilização de solução nutritiva, recomenda-se a reposição de nutrientes sempre que a CE diminuir 50% da inicial, possibilitando a produção por pelo menos três cultivos.
Effect of salinity stress on plant fresh weight and nutrient ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Effect of salinity stress on plant fresh weight and nutrient composition of some Canola ( Brassica napus L.) cultivars. ... K+, Ca2+ and K+/Na+ contents in plants decreased by salt stress, but Na+ and Cl- content in the roots, ... from 32 Countries:.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
M. Jiriaie
2016-02-01
Full Text Available Introduction: Providing the nutritional requirements of agricultural crops by non-chemical resources is a new approach in the organic farming that has attracted the attention of both the researchers and the consumers in recent years. Therefore, it is highly important to find new fertilizer resources that are both economically able to provide the nutritional needs of the crop plants and have no adverse effects on the consumers and the environment. Materials and Methods: With this approach, an experiment was conducted in the research station of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran in 2012-13. The experimental design was factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The treatments including Mycorrhizal fungi in three levels (i.e. no use of strain; use of Glomus intraradices strain; and use of Glomus mosseae strain, bacteria Azospirillum lipoferum in two-levels (i.e. non-inoculated and inoculated and wheat cultivars in three levels (i.e. Chamran; Dena; and Behrang. The measured parameters include the concentration of macronutrients (i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and some micronutrients (i.e. zinc, iron and manganese in two part seed and the root of wheat. Results and Discussion: Surveying the elements content in the root and the grain indicated a significant and positive effect of the use the Azospirillum and Mycorrhiza to improve the concentration of the elements in wheat cultivars. However, the simultaneous use of these microorganisms led to an increase of the effects of their application on their assessed traits.Finally the highest concentration of N (2.21 present, P (0.50 present and Fe (33.88 mg.kg-1 were observed in the grain; the highest concentration of K (0.93 present and 0.54 present and Mn (43.11 and 23.63 mg.kg-1 were observed in the grain and root, respectively. Moreover, the highest concentration of Zn in the root (19.70 mg.kg-1 was obtained from inoculation of C.V Dena seeds with
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Germano L.D. Leite
2004-03-01
Full Text Available Avaliou-se a intensidade de ataque de Thrips tabaci Lind., a incidência de Alternaria porri (Ellis e Botrytis squamosa J.C. Walker em nove cultivares de cebola [Aurora, Primavera, CNPH 6400, Crioula Alto-Vale, Vale-Ouro (IPA 11, Franciscana (IPA-16, Piraouro, Conquista e Serrana], num experimento no delineamento em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. Foram feitas avaliações semanais, do transplantio até a colheita, em dez plantas/parcela do número de T. tabaci presente na bainha das folhas bem como da percentagem de área foliar danificada pelo mesmo a partir da primeira folha expandida e também da presença ou da ausência de lesões causadas por A. porri e B. squamosa. A cv. Franciscana mostrou-se mais resistente em relação às demais ao ataque de T. tabaci. Não houve diferença significativa de plantas afetadas por A. porri e B. squamosa. T. tabaci e A. porri foram ambos afetados positiva e negativamente pela temperatura e pela umidade relativa do ambiente, respectivamente.The intensity of attack of T. tabaci and incidence of Alternaria porri (Ellis Cif and Botrytis squamosa J.C. Walker in nine onion cultivars [Aurora, Primavera, CNPH 6400, Crioula Alto-Vale, Vale-Ouro (IPA 11, Franciscana (IPA-16, Piraouro, Conquista and Serrana] was evaluated, in an experiment in randomized blocks design, with five replications. Weekly evaluations were done from the transplanting until harvesting date, in ten plants/parcel of the number of T. tabaci on the leaves, the percentage of damaged foliar area from the first expanded leaf up and the presence or absence of injuries caused by A. porri and B. squamosa. The cv. Franciscana was more resistant to the attack of T. tabaci in comparison to the other onion cultivars. There was no significant difference between cvs for A. porri and Botrytis squamosa resistance. T. tabaci and A. porri were influenced positively and negatively by temperature and relative humidity, respectively.
Bouton, Joseph H; Wood, Donald T
2012-11-27
A switchgrass cultivar designated EG1101 is disclosed. Also disclosed are seeds of switchgrass cultivar EG1101, plants of switchgrass EG1101, plant parts of switchgrass cultivar EG1101 and methods for producing a switchgrass plant produced by crossing switchgrass cultivar EG1101 with itself or with another switchgrass variety. Methods are also described for producing a switchgrass plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic switchgrass plants and plant parts produced by those methods. Switchgrass cultivars or breeding cultivars and plant parts derived from switchgrass variety EG1101, methods for producing other switchgrass cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from switchgrass cultivar EG1101 and the switchgrass plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods are described herein. Hybrid switchgrass seeds, plants and plant parts produced by crossing the cultivar EG1101 with another switchgrass cultivar are also described.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Diego Resende de Queirós Pôrto
2007-08-01
Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi quantificar o acúmulo de macronutrientes ao longo do ciclo da cebola, cv. "Superex", estabelecida por semeadura direta. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Rio Doce, entre os municípios de Itobi e São José do Rio Pardo, SP. As amostragens de plantas foram realizadas aos 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130 e 150 dias após a semeadura (DAS, para determinação da matéria seca e do acúmulo dos nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Os acúmulos máximos de matéria seca da parte aérea e do bulbo foram, respectivamente, de 4,70g planta-1 e 17,86g planta-1, aos 150 DAS. A parte aérea e o bulbo contribuíram, respectivamente, com cerca de 20 e 80% na matéria seca da planta inteira ao final do ciclo. A seqüência de acúmulo dos nutrientes verificada para a cebola "Superex" foi: K>N>Ca>S>Mg>P. A planta de cebola acumulou 202,43; 31,23; 295,28; 172,42; 35,20 e 73,47mg, respectivamente, de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Exportou, pelo bulbo, 67% do N, 85% do P, 68% do K, 57% do Ca, 56% do Mg e 81% do S acumulado pela planta.This research was aimed at counting the concentration of macronutrients throughout the onion, cv Superex, established by direct seeding. The experiment was conducted at Rio Doce farm, between the counties of Itobi and São José do Rio Pardo, state of São Paulo, Brazil (21°37'16"S and 46°53'15"W. The macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S as well as plant dry matter content were evaluated in plant samples taken at 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, and 150 days after seeding (DAS. The maximum dry matter content in the bulb and in the aerial part were reached at 150 DAS and were, respectively, of 4.70 and 17.86g plant-1. The aerial part and the bulb contributed respectively with 20 and 80% of the whole mature plant dry matter. The macronutrients were accumulated in the plant in the following order: K>N>Ca>S>Mg>P. The onion plant accumulated 202.43; 31.23; 295.28; 172.42; 35.20 e 73.47 mg of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively, and
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Francisco J. da S. Lédo
2000-11-01
Full Text Available Devido às condições ambientais verificadas no estado do Acre, caracterizado pela ocorrência de temperaturas elevadas e alta precipitação, as cultivares tradicionalmente utilizadas pelos produtores apresentam baixo rendimento e qualidade. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento das novas cultivares de alface disponíveis no mercado, em termos de características agronômicas e rendimento, nas condições edafoclimáticas de Rio Branco, Acre. Para isso foram realizados dois ensaios no campo experimental da Embrapa Acre, em um solo do tipo Argissolo Vermelho-Escuro, textura argilosa. O primeiro de maio a julho de 1996 (período seco e o segundo de dezembro de 1996 a fevereiro de 1997 (período chuvoso. Foram avaliadas as cultivares Babá de Verão, Brisa, Carolina AG-576, Elisa, Lucy Brown, Marisa AG-216, Piracicaba 65, Regina 71, Tainá, Simpson, Vanessa e Verônica, sendo que 'Regina 71' e 'Elisa' foram incluídas apenas no ensaio do período seco. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. No período seco, as cultivares Simpson, Lucy Brown e Regina 71 apresentaram os maiores pesos médios (373; 362 e 341 g, respectivamente e produções comerciais de 49,8; 48,3 e 45,5 t/ha, respectivamente. Em geral, as cultivares dos tipos lisa sem cabeça e lisa com cabeça apresentaram maior índice de ataque de nematóide (Meloidogyne javanica quando comparadas às do tipo crespa. No ensaio realizado no período chuvoso, as cultivares Marisa AG-216, Verônica, Lucy Brown, Brisa, Tainá e Piracicaba-65 apresentaram os maiores pesos médios e produções comerciais. Entretanto, as médias obtidas foram bem inferiores às verificadas no ensaio do período seco, variando de 164 a 198 g para o peso médio, e 21,9 a 25,9 t/ha para produção comercial. Dentre as cultivares avaliadas no período seco, Regina 71 (lisa, sem cabeça e Carolina AG-576 (lisa, com cabeça destacaram-se entre as do tipo
Bouton, Joseph H; Wood, Donald T
2012-11-20
A switchgrass cultivar designated EG1102 is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of switchgrass cultivar EG1102, to the plants of switchgrass EG1102, to plant parts of switchgrass cultivar EG1102 and to methods for producing a switchgrass plant produced by crossing switchgrass cultivar EG1102 with itself or with another switchgrass variety. The invention also relates to methods for producing a switchgrass plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic switchgrass plants and plant parts produced by those methods. This invention also relates to switchgrass cultivars or breeding cultivars and plant parts derived from switchgrass variety EG1102, to methods for producing other switchgrass cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from switchgrass cultivar EG1102 and to the switchgrass plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid switchgrass seeds, plants and plant parts produced by crossing the cultivar EG1102 with another switchgrass cultivar.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ademar P. de Oliveira
2002-06-01
Full Text Available Dez linhagens e três cultivares de feijão-caupi foram avaliadas em ensaio conduzido em Areia (PB, de abril a julho de 2000, em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. As linhagens TE-92-199-20F;TE-90-170-29F; TE-90-170-76F; CNCX-405-17F; CNCX-409-12F; TE-90-180-10F; TE 87-108-6G, Linhagem avançada e as cultivares, IPA 206 e BR-03 Tracuateua, apresentaram comprimento e peso médio de vagens dentro dos padrões comerciais e número médio de vagens por planta dentro do padrão para a espécie (acima de vinte vagens. A produtividade de vagens verdes e de grãos verdes e secos obtida pelas linhagens TE-90-170-76F; CNCX-409-12F; CNCX-405-17F; TE-90-180-10F; TE-87-108-6G, Linhagem avançada e pela cultivar IPA 206, foram superiores a 5,0 t/ha para vagens verdes, a 3,0 t/ha para grãos verdes e a 1,2 t/ha para grãos secos, consideradas altas para o feijão-caupi. As maiores produtividade de vagens verdes (6,5 e 6,5 t/ha, de grãos verdes (3,8 e 3,8 t/ha, e de grãos secos (1,8 e 1,8 t/ha foram obtidas, respectivamente, com as linhagem CNCX-409-12F e cultivar IPA 206.Ten breeding lines and three cultivars of cowpea-bean were evaluated. The experiment was set up in Areia, Brazil, between April and July/00, in Red-yellow Latossoil. The breeding lines TE-92-199-20F; TE-90-170-29F; TE-90-170-76F; CNCX-405-17F; CNCX-409-12F; TE-90-180-10F; TE-87-108-6G, Linhagem avançada, and IPA 206, BR-03 Tracuateua, cvs., presented length and average weight of pods according to the commercial patterns and number of pods by plant according to the pattern of the species (above twenty pods. The yield of green pods, green and dry grains, obtained by the breeding lines TE-90-170-76F; CNCX-409-12F; CNC-405-17F; TE-90-180-0F; TE-87-108-6G, Linhagem avançada and IPA 206, cultivar, were superior to 5.0 t/ha for green pods, to 3.0 t/ha for green grains and to 1.2 t/ha for dry grains, considered highest for the cowpea-beans. Highest yield of green pods (6.5 and 6.5 t/ha, green grains (3
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
ROSEANE CAVALCANTI DOS SANTOS
2000-03-01
Full Text Available A BRS 151 L-7 é uma nova cultivar de amendoim, de sementes de coloração vermelha, de forma oblonga, desenvolvida pela Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão (CNPA, e destinada ao consumo in natura e à indústria de alimentos. A cultivar é de porte ereto, resultante do cruzamento entre a cultivar produtiva IAC-Tupã (tipo Valência e a cultivar Senegal 55-437 (tipo Spanish, de ciclo curto. Em ensaios regionais realizados em 27 municípios de quatro estados da Região Nordeste, a cultivar apresentou grande potencial para produtividade de sementes, ciclo vegetativo de 87 dias, tolerância ao estresse hídrico, e grande adaptação ao cultivo em clima semi-árido. Sua produtividade média de vagens em condições experimentais é de 1.850 kg ha-1 em cultivo de sequeiro, e 4.500 kg ha-1 em condições irrigadas, o que corresponde a uma elevação na ordem de 12% e 38%, respectivamente, com relação à produtividade da cultivar tradicional Tatu. No aspecto nutricional, a cultivar BRS 151 L-7 tem baixo teor de óleo (46%, e sua farinha desengordurada contém 55% de proteína; entre os aminoácidos essenciais, é limitante apenas no teor de lisina, em comparação com o padrão da FAO/85.BRS 151 L-7 is a new large seeded and red testa color peanut cultivar, developed by Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão and destined to in natura consumption and food industry. This cultivar is an erect type plant, and was obtained by hybridization between a high yield Valência genotype (IAC-Tupã and a short-season cultivar from Senegal 55-437 (Spanish. In 27 regional yield trials, where evaluation is made under different agroecological conditions in four states of the Brazilian Northeast, BRS 151 L-7 showed high seed yield potential, short cycle (87 days, tolerance to drought and adaptation to semi-arid environment. The average pod yield in the rainy season was about 1.85 ton ha-1 and in irrigated conditions it was 4.50 ton ha-1, which
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Elveni Teresinha Mayer
2007-11-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição de nutrientes de grãos de diferentes cultivares de cevada, na forma integral e descascada, e classificá-los em grupos com características nutricionais distintas. Foram utilizadas amostras de 17 cultivares, da Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo, RS, da safra de 2005. As determinações químicas foram realizadas de acordo com os métodos de análise oficial da AOAC Internacional. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre grãos integrais de cultivares para proteína bruta, cinzas, extrato etéreo, fibra total e carboidratos não-fibrosos, porém, os teores de fibra insolúvel e fibra solúvel não diferiram. Em grãos descascados, foram observadas diferenças em todos os parâmetros analisados. Com exceção da fração de carboidratos não-fibrosos, o processo de descascamento promoveu redução em todas as frações avaliadas, em especial nos teores de fibra total e fibra insolúvel. Diferenças na composição bromatológica ocorreram devido à variabilidade genética das cultivares e ao descascamento.The objective of this work was to determine the chemical composition of different covered and hulness barley cultivars grains and to classify them according to distinctive nutritional groups. Seventeen cultivars from 2005 crop of Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil, were utilized. The chemical determinations were based on Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International. Significative differences between integral cultivars in relation to crude protein, ash, ether extract, total fiber and non-fibrous carbohydrate were observed, however, there were no differences for fiber content and soluble fiber. In the hulness grain, differences were observed. The non-fibrous carbohydrate was an exception and, in this case, the hull's process promoted the fraction's reduction, specially in the total fiber and insoluble fiber content. Variation in the bromatological composition occurs because of
Traditional versus modern apple cultivars – a comparison of juice composition
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dobrowolska-Iwanek Justyna
2015-06-01
Full Text Available Apples are rich in components that are important for human health, such as polyphenols, organic acids and microelements, but their chemical composition varies with different apple cultivars. We aimed to find out if there is any superiority in traditionally grown apple cultivars in terms of their fruits’ bioactive components content. Juice from two traditionally grown apple cultivars, ‘Mutsu’ and ‘Reinette Simirenko’, was compared to eight popular apple cultivars, ‘Jonagold’, ‘Jonagold Decosta’, ‘Jonica’, ‘Šampion’, ‘Gloster’, ‘Elise’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Rubin’, and the results are presented. In the study we determined several major and minor nutrient elements, organic acids, phenolic content as well as the antioxidant activity of apple juice made from different cultivars, both modern and traditionally grown. Antioxidant activity determined as FRAP varied from 1.12 (‘Elise’ to 12.10 (‘Jonagold’ mmol Fe dm-3. The concentration of polyphenols fell between 0.16 (‘Elise’ and 1.30 (‘Jonagold’ mg ml-1 gallic acid equivalent. Malic acid concentration was highest in ‘Reinette Simirenko’ and ‘Mutsu’ (6.58 and 5.84 g dm-3, respectively and lowest for ‘Jonagold’ (3.73 g dm-3. The microelement concentrations for the apple cultivar juices were as follows: 8-24 mg dm-3 for Na, 567-1022 mg dm-3 for K, 26.9-59.4 mg dm-3 for Mg and 0.105-0.201 mg dm-3 for Zn. Statistical analysis confirmed a highly positive correlation between total polyphenols and antioxidant activity (r = 0.98, p = 0.001.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maira Oliveira SILVA
2013-11-01
Full Text Available O feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L. é uma leguminosa rica em nutrientes, que ocupa a posição de segunda classe de leguminosa mais importante do mundo, perdendo apenas para a soja sendo, o feijão, utilizado por muito tempo no Brasil como o alimento básico para a população. Pensando nisso, a pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a composição centesimal de grãos de feijões cru e cozido comuns e biofortificados e os teores de minerais (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn das cultivares de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L. carioca biofortificado (Pontal e comum (comercial. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a cultivar Pontal apresentou maior teor de nutrientes quando comparada à comercial. Os teores de minerais não se diferenciaram entre as cultivares e seus tratamentos, sendo a disponibilidade de minerais mais afetada em feijões crus do que em cozidos, provavelmente, devido à presença de fatores antinutricionais em maiores teores.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nerinéia Dalfollo Ribeiro
2007-10-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição de aminoácidos em grãos de cultivares de feijão e a presença de interação cultivares x locais, nos teores de aminoácidos, e identificar cultivares para uso direto na alimentação e derivações em programas de melhoramento. Os aminoácidos foram determinados por cromatografia líquida de alta performance (HPLC, em grãos de 19 cultivares de feijão cultivadas em dois locais. Os dados médios obtidos para cada cultivar, em duplicata, foram comparados entre si com a utilização do teste t, a 5% de probabilidade para cada local. Os grãos das cultivares analisadas apresentaram teores de aminoácidos essenciais e não-essenciais, adequados às necessidades diárias de um indivíduo adulto, o que indica alta qualidade da proteína do feijão. As cultivares de feijão apresentam, em ordem decrescente, os aminoácidos essenciais: leucina, lisina, fenilalanina, valina, isoleucina, treonina, histidina e metionina; e os aminoácidos não-essenciais: ácido glutâmico, ácido aspártico, arginina, serina, alanina, glicina, tirosina, prolina e cisteína. Os teores de leucina, isoleucina, histidina, valina, treonina, glicina e alanina foram afetados pela interação cultivares x locais. A cultivar Iraí apresenta composição de aminoácidos adequada e é indicada para uso em dietas e derivações em programas de melhoramento.The objective of this work was to determine the amino acid composition of seeds of common bean cultivars and to examine the presence of cultivar x location interactions in amino acid contents, and to identify common bean cultivars for direct consumption or use in breeding programs. The amino acid contents were determinated through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, in 19 common bean cultivars obtained in two localities. The mean data sets of each cultivar, in duplication, were compared by the F test at 5% probability for each location. Grains of the common bean
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Juçara Terezinha Paranhos
1995-01-01
Full Text Available O experimento foi conduzido em Planossolo da Unidade de Mapeamento Vacacaí, com o ohjetivo de estudar o acúmulo de massa seca nos diversos órgãos da planta de três cultivares de arroz irrigado (EEA 406, Bluebelle e BR-IRGA 409, utilizando-se delineamento de blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. A massa seca foi obtida em sete estádios fenológicos da cultura. Desconsiderando os grãos e panículas, a EEA 406 possui maior capacidade produtiva de fitomassa, sendo a Bluebelle menos produtiva. Na maturação, a cultivar BR-IRGA 409 apresentou maior massa seca total, demonstrando maior capacidade de alocar assimilados nos grãos e maior eficiência de conversão de energia solar em fitomassa, sendo a Bluebelle menos eficiente. Para as três cultivares, até a floração, o colmo acumulou a maior percentagem de massa seca sendo, a partir daí, substituído pelas panículas e grãos. O máximo acúmulo de massa seca nas raízes ocorreu por ocasião da floração, cerca de 80 dias após a emergência.This experiment was carried out in an Halbaqualf soil to study the dry matter accumulation of three flooded rice cultivars. A complete randomized block design was used, with tive replication. Plant dry matter was measured in seven different growth stages. The cultivar EEA 406 had a higherdry matter accumulation than the cultivar Bluebelle without including grain and panicle. At maturity, the BR-IRGA 409 cultivar showed higher total dry matter. This demonstrate a better capacity of this variety in alocating assimilates into grains a higher effíciency in converting solar energy into plant biomass. The Bluebelle had lower efficiency. The dry matter accumulation increased for the three varieties from seeding to flowering into colm and, from flowering to harvest into panicles and grain. The maximum dry matter accumulation in roots was observed at flowering, eighty days after emergency.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Volnei Pauletti
2000-01-01
Full Text Available This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of decreasing levels of Al saturation through the addition of lime under field conditions in the nutritional status and grain yield of two corn (Zea mays L. cultivars: one tolerant and one non-tolerant to Al. The experiment was conducted on Red Yellow Latosol (Oxisol at the Paraná, Brazil. Control plots received no lime (T0, the treatment T3 received lime to achieve 0% Al saturation and treatments T1 and T2 recieved 33.3% and 66.6%, respectively, of the lime applied to treatment T3. At full bloom stage, representative leaves ("nutritional leaves" were analysed for macro, micronutrients and Al contents, and in treatments T0 and T3 were also analyzed for Al distribution in shoot plants parts (stem, node, internode and leaves. Liming increased concentrations of N, P and Mg and decreased concentrations of Mn and Al in the "nutritional leaves"of both cultivars. The Al distribution in the shoot plant parts showed that its concentration was higher in the leaves than in any other plant part, independent of liming level. Grain yield of the tolerant cultivar was higher, although for both cultivars increase in yield was correlated with decrease in Al saturation.Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de níveis decrescentes de saturação por Al em função da calagem, em condições de campo, na nutrição e produtividade de grãos de dois cultivares de milho: um tolerante e outro sensível ao Al. O experimento foi conduzido em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Oxisol, no estado do Paraná - Brasil. O tratamento T0 não recebeu calagem, o tratamento T3 recebeu calagem para obter 0% de saturação por Al e os tratamentos T1 e T2 receberam 33,3% e 66,6% da quantidade aplicada no T3, respectivamente. No pleno florescimento foram coletadas folhas representativas do estado nutricional ("folhas nutricionais" para análise dos macro e micronutrientes e Al. Nos tratamentos T0 e T3 foi avaliado a distribui
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Milton Parron Padovan
2002-12-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de seis cultivares de soja, sob manejo orgânico, para fins de adubação verde e produção de grãos. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições por tratamento (cultivar. Na época da colheita, 81 dias após a emergência das plântulas, todas as cultivares testadas (Celeste, Surubi, Campo Grande, Mandi, Lambari e Taquari mostraram excelente nodulação, variando de 545 a 760 mg/planta de massa nodular seca. As cultivares Celeste e Taquari, que produziram, respectivamente, 8,33 e 7,12 t ha-1 de biomassa seca da parte aérea, apresentaram outras características agronômicas vantajosas, tais como: ciclo curto, alta acumulação de nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca e Mg nos tecidos verdes e bom rendimento de sementes. Esses caracteres indicam potencial de 'Celeste' e 'Taquari' para adubação verde de verão em sistemas de agricultura orgânica. Cinco das cultivares avaliadas revelaram tendência ao acamamento, porém dentro de níveis aceitáveis. As cultivares Celeste, Surubi, Campo Grande, Mandi e Taquari suplantaram em 23%, 32%, 33%, 44% e 70%, respectivamente, a média nacional de produtividade de soja, estimada em 2.398 kg ha-1 nas últimas três safras.The objective of this work was to evaluate the grain and aboveground biomass production of six soybean cultivars under organic management. A randomized block design was adopted with four replications per treatment (cultivar. By harvest time, 81 days after plants emergence, all tested cultivars (Celeste, Surubi, Campo Grande, Mandi, Lambari, and Taquari had excellent nodulation ranging from 545 to 760 mg/plant of nodule mass (dry weight. The cultivars Celeste and Taquari, which yielded 8.33 and 7.12 t ha-1 of dry biomass, respectively, showed other advantageous agronomic characteristics such as: short cycle, a high accumulation of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg in green tissues, and good seed setting. These
Nutritional composition and antioxidant activity of twenty mung bean cultivars in China
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zhenxing Shi
2016-10-01
Full Text Available Interest in mung bean (Vigna radiata L. as a functional food is growing; however, studies on the nutritional composition of major mung bean cultivars planted in China are limited. Twenty Chinese mung bean cultivars were collected and their nutritional compositions including starch, fat, protein, and phytochemicals were analyzed. The cultivars were found to have a high amount of resistant starch, accounting for 16.1%–22.3% of total starch, and balanced amino acid constitutions. Palmitic acid and linoleic acid were the two dominant fatty acids, accounting for respectively 32.4% and 36.1% of all of the assayed fatty acids. Four bound phenolic acids (syringic, caffeic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids and two free phenolic acids (caffeic and ferulic acids were identified by HPLC. The antioxidant activity of 70% ethanol extracts from the 20 mung bean cultivars was evaluated. Their DPPH and ABTS+ free-radical-scavenging capacity ranged from 28.13 ± 2.24 to 35.68 ± 0.71 μmol g−1 and from 3.82 ± 0.25 to 13.44 ± 1.76 μmol g−1, respectively. Significant positive correlations of ABTS+ free-radical-scavenging capacity with total phenolic acids and total flavonoid contents were observed. These results suggest that Chinese mung bean cultivars are rich in balanced nutrients and that their phytochemicals should be considered as potential sources of natural antioxidants.
Soybean cultivar selection for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSSs) - Hydroponic cultivation
Paradiso, R.; Buonomo, R.; De Micco, V.; Aronne, G.; Palermo, M.; Barbieri, G.; De Pascale, S.
2012-12-01
Four soybean cultivars ('Atlantic', 'Cresir', 'Pr91m10' and 'Regir'), selected through a theoretical procedure as suitable for cultivation in BLSS, were evaluated in terms of growth and production. Germination percentage and Mean Germination Time (MGT) were measured. Plants were cultivated in a growth chamber equipped with a recirculating hydroponic system (Nutrient Film Technique). Cultivation was performed under controlled environmental conditions (12 h photoperiod, light intensity 350 μmol m-2 s-1, temperature regime 26/20 °C light/dark, relative humidity 65-75%). Fertigation was performed with a standard Hoagland solution, modified for soybean specific requirements, and EC and pH were kept at 2.0 dS m-1 and 5.5 respectively. The percentage of germination was high (from 86.9% in 'Cresir' to 96.8% in 'Regir')and the MGT was similar for all the cultivars (4.3 days). The growing cycle lasted from 114 in 'Cresir' to 133 days on average in the other cultivars. Differences in plant size were recorded, with 'Pr91m10' plants being the shortest (58 vs 106 cm). Cultivars did not differ significantly in seed yield (12 g plant-1) and in non edible biomass (waste), water consumption and biomass conversion efficiency (water, radiation and acid use indexes). 'Pr91m10' showed the highest protein content in the seeds (35.6% vs 33.3% on average in the other cultivars). Results from the cultivation experiment showed good performances of the four cultivars in hydroponics. The overall analysis suggests that 'Pr91m10' could be the best candidate for the cultivation in a BLSS, coupling the small plant size and the good yield with high resource use efficiency and good seed quality.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alex Humberto Calori
Full Text Available ABSTRACT The recent introduction in Brazil of production of quality seed potatoes in hydroponic systems, such as aeroponics, demands studies on the nutritional and crop management. Thus, this study evaluated the influence of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution and plant density on the seed potato minitubers production in aeroponics system. The Agata and Asterix cultivars were produced in a greenhouse under tropical conditions (winter/spring. The experimental design was a randomized block in a split-split plot design. The plot consisted of 4 electrical conductivities of the nutrient solution (1.0; 2.0; 3.0; and 4.0 dS∙m−1; the subplot, of 4 plant densities (25; 44; 66; and 100 plants∙m−2; and the subsubplot, of the 2 potato cultivars (Ágata and Asterix, totaling 4 blocks. The 2.2 and 2.1 dS∙m−1 electrical conductivities yielded the highest productivity of seed potato minitubers, for Ágata and Asterix cultivars, respectively, regardless of plant density. For both cultivars, the highest yield was observed for the 100 plants∙m−2 density.
Método não destrutivo para determinação da área foliar da videira, cultivar BRS-Violeta
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gustavo Malagi
2010-12-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as combinações entre o comprimento das nervuras secundárias e principal de folhas na estimativa da área foliar da videira cultivar BRS-Violeta. Realizou-se a coleta aleatória de 200 folhas intactas e completamente desenvolvidas, em uma área de cultivo experimental. Determinaram-se a área foliar real (AFR e o comprimento das nervuras secundárias (esquerda - direita e principal. Obtiveram-se três regressões com seus coeficientes de determinação para a identificação da relação mais precisa, considerando o comprimento da nervura principal (CNP, o somatório do comprimento das nervuras secundárias (SCNS e o somatório entre o comprimento das nervuras secundárias e o comprimento da nervura principal (SCNSP, como variáveis independentes. A AFR foi considerada variável dependente nas três regressões. Observou-se que a relação entre AFR x SCNS proporcionou o maior coeficiente de determinação (0,87. A área foliar estimada pela equação obtida pela relação AFR x SCNS garantiu uma precisão de 87%, segundo a relação entre AFR x AFE (área foliar estimada. Portanto, conclui-se que a área foliar da videira cultivar BRS-Violeta pode ser estimada pela equação y = 0,2169 (SCNS² + 5,3642 (SCNS - 34,725, com precisão satisfatória.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jacqueline M. Chaparro
2018-05-01
Full Text Available Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. is an important global food crop that contains phytochemicals with demonstrated effects on human health. Understanding sources of chemical variation of potato tuber can inform breeding for improved health attributes of the cooked food. Here, a comprehensive metabolomics (UPLC- and GC-MS and ionomics (ICP-MS analysis of raw and cooked potato tuber was performed on 60 unique potato genotypes that span 5 market classes including russet, red, yellow, chip, and specialty potatoes. The analyses detected 2,656 compounds that included known bioactives (43 compounds, nutrients (42, lipids (76, and 23 metals. Most nutrients and bioactives were partially degraded during cooking (44 out of 85; 52%, however genotypes with high quantities of bioactives remained highest in the cooked tuber. Chemical variation was influenced by genotype and market class. Specifically, ~53% of all detected compounds from cooked potato varied among market class and 40% varied by genotype. The most notable metabolite profiles were observed in yellow-flesh potato which had higher levels of carotenoids and specialty potatoes which had the higher levels of chlorogenic acid as compared to the other market classes. Variation in several molecules with known association to health was observed among market classes and included vitamins (e.g., pyridoxal, ~2-fold variation, bioactives (e.g., chlorogenic acid, ~40-fold variation, medicinals (e.g., kukoamines, ~6-fold variation, and minerals (e.g., calcium, iron, molybdenum, ~2-fold variation. Furthermore, more metabolite variation was observed within market class than among market class (e.g., α-tocopherol, ~1-fold variation among market class vs. ~3-fold variation within market class. Taken together, the analysis characterized significant metabolite and mineral variation in raw and cooked potato tuber, and support the potential to breed new cultivars for improved health traits.
Chaparro, Jacqueline M.; Holm, David G.; Broeckling, Corey D.; Prenni, Jessica E.; Heuberger, Adam L.
2018-01-01
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important global food crop that contains phytochemicals with demonstrated effects on human health. Understanding sources of chemical variation of potato tuber can inform breeding for improved health attributes of the cooked food. Here, a comprehensive metabolomics (UPLC- and GC-MS) and ionomics (ICP-MS) analysis of raw and cooked potato tuber was performed on 60 unique potato genotypes that span 5 market classes including russet, red, yellow, chip, and specialty potatoes. The analyses detected 2,656 compounds that included known bioactives (43 compounds), nutrients (42), lipids (76), and 23 metals. Most nutrients and bioactives were partially degraded during cooking (44 out of 85; 52%), however genotypes with high quantities of bioactives remained highest in the cooked tuber. Chemical variation was influenced by genotype and market class. Specifically, ~53% of all detected compounds from cooked potato varied among market class and 40% varied by genotype. The most notable metabolite profiles were observed in yellow-flesh potato which had higher levels of carotenoids and specialty potatoes which had the higher levels of chlorogenic acid as compared to the other market classes. Variation in several molecules with known association to health was observed among market classes and included vitamins (e.g., pyridoxal, ~2-fold variation), bioactives (e.g., chlorogenic acid, ~40-fold variation), medicinals (e.g., kukoamines, ~6-fold variation), and minerals (e.g., calcium, iron, molybdenum, ~2-fold variation). Furthermore, more metabolite variation was observed within market class than among market class (e.g., α-tocopherol, ~1-fold variation among market class vs. ~3-fold variation within market class). Taken together, the analysis characterized significant metabolite and mineral variation in raw and cooked potato tuber, and support the potential to breed new cultivars for improved health traits. PMID:29876353
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Leonardo Mariano Dias Augostinho
2008-01-01
Full Text Available Objetivou-se determinar a curva de acúmulo da matéria seca de mudas e a marcha de absorção de macro e micronutrientes de goiabeira cultivar 'Pedro Sato'. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Foram utilizadas sete coletas de plantas de goiabeira 'Pedro Sato', em cultivo hidropônico, em casa de vegetação da Unesp, Campus de Jaboticabal. Nas coletas, avaliaram-se o crescimento das plantas e o acúmulo de nutrientes, a cada 15 dias, durante 120 dias após o transplantio. As mudas de goiabeira proporcionaram maior acúmulo de biomassa no órgão folha em relação ao caule e à raiz. Observou-se alta absorção dos nutrientes, no período de 60 a 90 dias após o transplantio, nas mudas de goiabeira. O acúmulo de nutrientes das mudas de goiabeira (planta inteira foi de 340, 44, 380, 173, 33 e 40 mg planta-1, respectivamente para N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, e de 743, 118, 5.114, 2.151, 566 mg planta-1, respectivamente, para B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn.This work aimed to determine the dry matter storage curve of seedlings and the absorptions of macro and micro nutrients of guava tree cultivar 'Pedro Sato'. It was used randomized design with three repetitions. Seven samples of guava plants cultivar 'Pedro Sato' were used in hydroponic growth in the greenhouse located at UNESP- Jaboticabal Campus, São Paulo State, Brazil. It was evaluated the samples of plants growing and the nutrients storage every 15 days, during 120 days after the transplanting. The seedlings of guava priorized the dry matter storage of leaves in relation of the stem and leaves. The guava seedlings presented high absorption of nutrients in the period of 60 and 90 days after the transplanting. The nutrients storage of the guava seedlings (whole plant were of : 340; 44; 380; 173; 33; and 40 mg plant-1, respectively, for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and 743; 118; 5114; 2151; 566µg plant-1, respectively for B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn.
Produção de rosas influenciada pela aplicação de doses de silício no substrato
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior
2013-12-01
Full Text Available A utilização de Si no cultivo de algumas plantas ornamentais cultivadas em vasos em casa de vegetação tem proporcionado aumento na produção e qualidade do produto final. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a produção e absorção de nutrientes de dois cultivares de roseira cultivados em vasos influenciados pela aplicação de doses de Si no substrato. Os tratamentos foram gerados pelo fatorial 2 x 5, composto por dois cultivares de roseira (Yellow Terrazza® e Red White Terrazza® e cinco doses de Si (0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; e 1,00 g kg-1, e dispostos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados altura, ciclo, produção, diâmetro, longevidade floral, teores e conteúdos foliares de Si, macro e micronutrientes da planta. Foi feita a análise de variância dos dados, ajustando-se equações de regressão para o efeito das doses de Si. A aplicação de Si no substrato melhorou a produção e qualidade das rosas produzidas em vasos em casa de vegetação, porém a resposta das plantas variou com as doses de Si. As doses de Si para se obterem 90 % da produção máxima de matéria seca de flores foram de 0,43 e 0,22 g kg-1 para Yellow Terrazza® e Red White Terrazza®, respectivamente. Já os efeitos negativos do elemento foram observados a partir das doses de 0,86 e 0,55 g kg-1 de Si para Yellow Terrazza® e Red White Terrazza®, respectivamente. Os teores foliares de Si aumentaram em função da dose de Si aplicada no substrato.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Larsen, Bjarne; Pedersen, Carsten; Ørgaard, Marian
2017-01-01
Abstract We made a genetic analysis of about 500 apple cultivars, which either originate from Denmark or have been of greater importance in Denmark. To study the diversity and parentage among the cultivars, 15 SSR markers were used. A new PCR-based protocol for identification of S-alleles was dev......Abstract We made a genetic analysis of about 500 apple cultivars, which either originate from Denmark or have been of greater importance in Denmark. To study the diversity and parentage among the cultivars, 15 SSR markers were used. A new PCR-based protocol for identification of S...
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Sahrawat, K.L.; Jones, M.P.; Diatta, S.
2000-01-01
As in other parts of the humid tropics, acid-related problems are the major constraint to crop production on low-activity clay soils in the humid and sub-humid zones of West Africa. The upland ecosystem of West Africa is very important to rice production. About 70% of upland rice is grown in the humid zone of the sub-region. To increase and stabilize rice productivity of the acid uplands at reasonable levels, a strategy is needed that integrates the use of tolerant cultivars with soil and plant-nutrient management. Research conducted on Alfisols and Ultisols of the humid-forest and savannah zones in West Africa showed that upland rice is a robust crop, possessing a wide range of tolerance to acid-soil conditions. Recent research at WARDA showed also that acid-soil tolerance can be enhanced through interspecific Oryza sativa x O. glaberrima progenies, which not only possess increased tolerance of acid-soil conditions, but also have superior overall adaptability to diverse upland environments in the sub-region. Our research on the diagnosis of acid-soil infertility problems on the Ultisols and Alfisols of the humid savannah and forest zones indicates that P deficiency is the most important nutrient disorder for upland rice. In the forest zone, response to N depended on the application of P. In the savannah and forest-savannah transition zones, N deficiency was more important than P deficiency. Among other plant nutrients, the application of Ca and Mg (as plant nutrients) did not appear initially to improve the performance of acid-tolerant upland rice cultivars. The results from a long-term study on an Ultisol with four acid-tolerant rice cultivars, revealed that they differed in agronomic and physiological P efficiencies, and the efficiencies were higher at lower rates of P. The amounts of total P removed in three successive crops were similar for all four cultivars although P-harvest index was 10 to 12% higher in the P-efficient than the inefficient cultivars. The
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gilberto Costa Justino
2006-08-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos do alumínio (Al sobre a absorção e a redução de nitrato, em duas cultivares de arroz: Fernandes (tolerante e Maravilha (sensível, expostas a 0 e 500 µM de Al. Depois de 21 dias de crescimento, foram determinados o comprimento, a produção de matéria seca, os teores de Al e de nitrato e a atividade in vitro da redutase do nitrato (RN, nas raízes e na parte aérea, bem como as constantes cinéticas de absorção de nitrato pelas raízes. O Al reduziu o crescimento em comprimento e a produção de matéria seca, nas duas partes das plantas, apenas da cultivar Maravilha. Os teores de Al aumentaram nas raízes e parte aérea das plantas nas duas cultivares, enquanto o teor de nitrato sofreu redução apenas nas raízes da cultivar Maravilha. A Vmax não se modificou, enquanto o Km da absorção de nitrato diminuiu cerca de 11% na cultivar Fernandes e aumentou 310% na Maravilha. Em presença de Al, houve redução na atividade da RN nas raízes das duas cultivares, e na parte aérea apenas da cultivar Maravilha. A cultivar tolerante foi mais eficiente na absorção e na redução de nitrato, o que indica que esses processos são importantes componentes da tolerância ao Al em arroz.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of Al on the nitrate uptake and reduction in two rice cultivars, Fernandes (Al tolerant and Maravilha (Al sensitive, exposed to 0 and 500 µM Al. After 21 days of Al treatment, growth in size and dry matter yield, Al and nitrate contents and in vitro nitrate reductase activity (NR in the tops and roots, and the kinetic constants of root nitrate uptake were determined. Aluminum reduced the growth and dry matter yield of both plant parts only in the Maravilha cultivar. Aluminum content increased in the tops and roots of both cultivars, while nitrate content decreased only in the roots of Maravilha cultivar. Vmax did not change, while Km of the nitrate uptake
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sérvulo M. S. Silva
2008-08-01
Full Text Available Visando estudar o comportamento de duas cultivares BRS Paraguaçu e BRS Energia de mamoneira (Ricinus communis L., irrigadas com quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa: 0,7; 2,7; 4,7 e 6,7 dS m-1, a 25 °C, conduziu-se um experimento no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 3 repetições, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2. As variáveis avaliadas foram altura de planta, diâmetro de caule, número de folhas, área foliar e consumo diário de água pela planta aos 80 e 100 dias após semeadura, número de dias para 1ª inflorescência, altura do 1º racemo aos 100 dias após semeadura, dias para colheita, número de frutos no 1º cacho, peso dos frutos, das sementes e de 10 sementes aos 150 DAS. A salinidade da água de irrigação interferiu na altura de planta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, área foliar e consumo de água, a partir de 4,7 dS m-1 aos 80 e 100 DAS, nas duas cultivares. Verificou-se, na cultivar BRS Energia maior precocidade na emissão da 1ª inflorescência e maior altura do racemo, enquanto na cultivar BRS Paraguaçu se obteve menor produção de frutos e de sementes e maior peso de 10 sementes.With the objective of studying the behavior of two cultivars BRS Paraguaçu and BRS Energy of castor bean (Ricinus communis L., irrigated with four levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw: 0.7; 2.7; 4.7 and 6.7 dS m-1, at 25 °C, an experiment was conducted in a randomized design with 3 replications, in a factorial scheme of 4 x 2. The variables measured were: plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, number of leaves and water consumption by plant at 80 and 100 days after sowing (DAS, number of days for emission of first inflorence and height of first cluster at 100 DAS, days to harvest, number of fruits in the 1st cluster, weight of fruits, and 10 seeds at 150 DAS. The salinity of the irrigation water significantly affected the plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf
Lin, Y S; Kuan, C S; Weng, I S; Tsai, C C
2015-11-25
The genetic relationships among 27 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] cultivars and lines were examined using 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The number of alleles per locus of the SSR markers ranged from 2 to 6 (average 3.19), for a total of 51 alleles. Similarity coefficients were calculated on the basis of 51 amplified bands. A dendrogram was created according to the 16 SSR markers by the unweighted pair-group method. The banding patterns obtained from the SSR primers allowed most of the cultivars and lines to be distinguished, with the exception of vegetative clones. According to the dendrogram, the 27 pineapple cultivars and lines were clustered into three main clusters and four individual clusters. As expected, the dendrogram showed that derived cultivars and lines are closely related to their parental cultivars; the genetic relationships between pineapple cultivars agree with the genealogy of their breeding history. In addition, the analysis showed that there is no obvious correlation between SSR markers and morphological characters. In conclusion, SSR analysis is an efficient method for pineapple cultivar identification and can offer valuable informative characters to identify pineapple cultivars in Taiwan.
Huang, Baifei; Xin, Junliang; Dai, Hongwen; Liu, Aiqun; Zhou, Wenjing; Yi, Yumei; Liao, Kebing
2015-01-01
Cultivars of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) differ widely in their fruit cadmium (Cd) concentrations. Previously, we suggested that low-Cd cultivars are better able to prevent the translocation of Cd from roots to aboveground parts, but the corresponding mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we aimed to improve understanding of the root morphological characteristics of the mechanisms involved in two low-Cd and a high-Cd cultivar. Seedlings were grown in nutrient solutions containing 0 (control), 2, and 10 μM Cd for 20 days, and Cd contents for the three cultivars were compared with changes in root morphology. The total root length (RL), root surface area (SA), number of root tips (RT), and specific root length (SRL) of all cultivars were decreased significantly by the 10 μM Cd treatment with the exception of the SA in JFZ, which showed no obvious change. For each cultivar, the 10 μM Cd treatment decreased significantly RL and SA specifically in roots with diameters (RD) of RD ≤ 0.2 mm or 0.2 mm roots with diameters of 0.6 mm root morphology. In the 10 μM Cd treatment, root volume (RV), SA, and RT of all cultivars were negatively correlated with Cd concentration and amount in roots. However, RL, SA, RV, and RT of all cultivars were positively correlated with Cd concentration and amount in shoots, and translocation rate of Cd. The two low-Cd cultivars of hot pepper had less root tips, shorter root length, and smaller root surface area than the high-Cd cultivar in 10 μM Cd treatment, which may play a vital role in reducing root-to-shoot Cd translocation.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lucas Pereira Gomes
2015-10-01
. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de doses de biofertilizante na produtividade de duas cultivares de maxixe. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com quatro repetições. Os fatores consistiram de duas cultivares (Do Norte e Liso Gibão e quatro doses de biofertilizante (0; 8; 16 e 24 m3 ha-1, aplicadas via fertirrigação. O experimento foi conduzido durante 100 dias, sendo realizadas seis colheitas, nas quais se avaliou as seguintes variáveis: número de frutos, massa de frutos, produção e produtividade. Todas as variáveis foram afetadas pela interação entre os fatores estudados. As cultivares estudadas não diferiram quanto à produção, no entanto, a cv. Do Norte apresentou maior número de frutos, enquanto a cv. Liso Gibão apresentou frutos mais pesados. A partir dos resultados obtidos, recomenda-se a dose de 14 m3 ha-1 para a cultivar Liso Gibão. Para a cultivar Do Norte, recomenda-se mais estudos com doses mais elevadas de biofertilizante.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
José Lavres Junior
2009-04-01
Full Text Available The deleterious effects of both Mn deficiency and excess on the development of plants have been evaluated with regard to aspects of shoot anatomy, ultrastructure and biochemistry, focusing mainly on the manifestation of visual symptoms. However, there is little information in the literature on changes in the root system in response to Mn supply. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Mn doses (0.5, 2.0 and 200.0 μmol L-1 in a nutrient solution on the anatomy of leaves and roots of the Glycine max (L. cultivars Santa Rosa, IAC-15 and IAC-Foscarin 31. Visual deficiency symptoms were first observed in Santa Rosa and IAC-15, which were also the only cultivars where Mn-toxicity symptoms were observed. Only in IAC-15, a high Mn supply led to root diameter thickening, but without alteration in cells of the bark, epidermis, exodermis and endodermis. The degree of disorganization of the xylem vessels, in particular the metaxylem, differed in the cultivars. Quantity and shape of the palisade parenchyma cells were influenced by both Mn deficiency and toxicity. A reduction in the number of chloroplasts was observed in the three Mn-deficient genotypes. The anatomical alterations in IAC-15 due to nutritional stress were greater, as expressed in extensive root cell cytoplasm disorganization and increased vacuolation at high Mn doses. The degree of changes in the anatomical and ultrastructural organization of roots and leaves of the soybean genotypes studied differed, suggesting the existence of tolerance mechanisms to different intensities of Mn deficiency or excess.Os efeitos negativos provocados não apenas pela deficiência mas também pela toxidez de Mn no desenvolvimento das plantas têm sido avaliados considerando-se os aspectos anatômicos, de ultraestrutura e bioquímicos da parte aérea particularmente, onde os sintomas visuais são manifestados. Entretanto, há escassez na literatura de informações que abordem o sistema
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dilson Antonio Bisognin
1995-01-01
Full Text Available Para avaliar os efeitos da competição intergenotípica em misturas de cultivares de soja - Glycine max (L. Merrill - foi conduzido um experimento em Capão do Leão, RS, no ano agrícola de 1989/90. Os tratamentos foram os estandes puros de IAS 5, Ivorá, Bragg, BR 8 - Pelotas e Ivaí e as combinações de Bragg com os demais cultivares, nas proporções de 20, 35, 50, 65 e 80%. O delineamento experimental foi o látice parcialmente balanceado 5x5, com quatro repetições. A competição intergenotípica foi quantificada pela variação percentual = 100 (PM - PEP/ PEP, onde PM é a média do caráter em mistura e PEP é a média do caráter em estande puro. As misturas produziram, em média, 3,8% mais que a média dos componentes em estande puro. Duas misturas, IAS 5 + Bragg e BR 8-Pelotas + Bragg, proporcionaram acréscimos no rendimento em todas as proporções de misturas. Concluiu-se que a competição intergenotípica pode ser utilizada no melhoramento da soja, visando a obtenção de misturas com rendimento e desempenho superior. Respostas diferenciadas à competição intergenotípica foram observadas em diferentes misturas e proporções e, proporção e características contrastantes entre os cultivares como capacidade de ramificação, altura de planta, ciclo de maturação e período de florescimento devem ser consideradas para a formação de misturas superiores.Intergenotypic competition effects on soybean -Glycine max (L. Merrill - cultivar blends was evaluated in an experiment carried out along the 1989/90 crop season, in Capão do Leão county, RS. Five cultivars, IAS 5, Ivorá, Bragg, Ivaí and BR 8-Pelotas in pure stand and the blends of Bragg with every cultivar, in the proportions of 20, 35, 50, 65 and 80%, were alocated to a partially balanced 5 x 5 lattice design with four repetitions. Intergenotypic competition was quantified by percent vanation 1 (PM - PEP/PEP, where PM stands for the vanable mean in the blend and PEP
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Katiane S Silva
2012-09-01
Full Text Available A cultura do repolho é cultivada em áreas pequenas e necessita de muita mão de obra, sendo na maior parte conduzida pela agricultura familiar. Avaliou-se o efeito de doses de boro em diferentes cultivares de repolho na região oeste de Mato Grosso do Sul. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade Universitária de Aquidauana. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados no esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo duas cultivares e cinco doses de boro, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as características: teores de boro foliar, área da planta, altura de planta, número de folhas externas, massa fresca de folhas externas, massa seca de folhas externas, altura da cabeça, diâmetro da cabeça, número de folhas internas, massa fresca de folhas internas, massa seca de folhas externas, classificação do peso da cabeça, compacidade e produção por hectare. A cultivar 60 Dias apresentou maiores valores nos componentes de produção e conseqüentemente maior produtividade. A aplicação de boro influencia linearmente nos teor de boro foliar, diâmetro de cabeça e número de folha interna. As doses de boro interferem na produtividade de repolho, sendo que na cultivar 60 Dias a dose máxima é de 7,2 kg ha-1 e para cultivar Chato de Quintal a dose mínima deve ser de 1,06 kg ha-1.The cabbage crop is cultivated in small areas and requires much labor, this crop being mostly driven by family farmers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of boron levels in different cultivars of cabbage in western Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade Universitária de Aquidauana. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2 x 5, two cultivars and five doses of boron, with four replications. We evaluated the following features: boron foliar plant area, plant height, number of outer leaves, fresh
Produção sustentável do morangueiro
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Csaignon Mariano Caproni
2013-12-01
Full Text Available A produção de morango produzido sustentavelmente vem ganhando espaço nas gôndolas de supermercados, uma vez que o consumidor está procurando alimentos mais saudáveis e menos agressivos ao meio ambiente. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produção, qualidade de fruto e concentração de acúmulos de nutrientes pelas mudas do morangueiro cultivar Oso Grande usando misturas de Trichoderma, Neem, Vertimec e Ecofisher. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso sendo 12 tratamentos com 5 repetições totalizando 60 parcelas. Os tratamentos T7 e T5 foram os quais apresentaram melhores resultados para todas as variáveis em estudos e os acúmulos de nutrientes para todos os tratamentos seguem uma ordem decrescente N>Ca>K>P>S>Mg quando utilizada a cultivar Oso Grande.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fabrício Rossi
2011-09-01
Full Text Available Informações a respeito de cultivares adaptadas ao sistema de cultivo orgânico são escassas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, sob sistema de cultivo orgânico, genótipos nacionais e estrangeiros desenvolvidos para o cultivo convencional, quanto ao potencial produtivo, em condições de campo. O experimento foi conduzido em 2008, no Pólo APTA Leste Paulista, em Monte Alegre do Sul-SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com 18 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Cada parcela foi constituída por 80 batatas-semente, dispostas em quatro linhas de 5 m de comprimento, espaçadas de 80 cm, com 25 cm entre tubérculos. Os genótipos avaliados foram Agata, Asterix, Caesar, Cupido, Éden, Melody, Novella e Vivaldi, de origem estrangeira; e Apuã, Aracy, Catucha, IAC Aracy Ruiva, Itararé, Monte Alegre 172, IAC 6090, APTA 16.5, APTA 15.20 e APTA 21.54, nacionais. Foram avaliadas as características de produtividade total e comercial de tubérculos, massa média total e comercial de tubérculos, teor de matéria seca e severidade da pinta-preta (Alternaria solani. Os clones APTA 16.5, APTA 21.54 e IAC 6090, e as cultivares Cupido, Apuã, Itararé e Monte Alegre 172 foram os mais produtivos. 'APTA 21.54' superou os demais em relação a produtividade comercial (18,07 t ha-1, sendo que 'APTA 16.5', 'Cupido', 'IAC 6090' e 'Itararé' formaram o segundo grupo. As maiores massas médias de tubérculos foram apresentadas pelas cultivares Itararé e Cupido. O clone IAC 6090 e as cultivares Aracy e Aracy Ruiva foram as que apresentaram maiores teores de matéria seca, com valor médio de 22,91%. 'APTA 16.5', 'Apuã', 'Aracy', 'Aracy Ruiva', 'Éden', 'Ibituaçú' e 'Monte Alegre 172' apresentaram alto nível de resistência à pinta-preta. As cultivares Itararé, Apuã e Cupido são adaptadas ao cultivo orgânico, e os clones avançados APTA 16.5, APTA 21.54 e IAC 6090 apresentam potencial de cultivo no sistema orgânico.Information regarding
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luiz Antônio Batista
2010-09-01
Full Text Available A cultura do café é de expressiva importância no mercado internacional, com uma produção anual de cerca de 120 milhões de sacas beneficiadas e no Brasil, é responsável pela geração de mais de dez milhões de empregos diretos e indiretos. O estresse hídrico é um fator ambiental que pode ser extremamente prejudicial para a cultura do café, sendo que a seleção de cultivares tolerantes é de grande importância, principalmente diante da expansão da cafeicultura brasileira para áreas consideradas marginais para o cultivo do café por estarem sujeitos à deficiência hídrica. Nesse trabalho foram avaliadas 15 cultivares de Coffea arabica quanto ao status hídrico e às características da estrutura interna das folhas, verificando quais dessas cultivares são potencialmente mais eficientes em tais condições. Dentre as cultivares estudadas destacam-se a Bourbon Amarelo e a Catimor como potencialmente mais eficientes em condições de estresse hídrico por possuírem: maior potencial hídrico, cutícula mais espessa, maior proporção de parênquima paliçádico, maior espessura da nervura central e maior densidade estomática em relação às demais variáveis. Dessa forma, as cultivares Bourbon Amarelo e Catimor são potencialmente mais eficientes na redução da transpiração, fotossíntese e translocação de fotossintatos em condições de estresse hídrico, sendo mais indicadas ao plantio em regiões sujeitas a maiores déficits hídricos em relação às demais cultivares estudadas.Coffee yield has a great importance to the international market with a 120 million 60-kilogram bags and in Brazil it produces 10 million of direct and indirect jobs. Water stress is one of the most important factors to the crop yield, and so, the selection of tolerant cultivars is of great importance in the places under water stress. In this work, 15 Coffea arabica cultivars were evaluated about the water status and leaf anatomy to indicate the most
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dayse Soave Spoladore
1985-01-01
Full Text Available Estudou-se no presente trabalho a dinâmica de acúmulo de substâncias de reserva e glicoalcalóides totais, durante o desenvolvimento de tubérculos de três cultivares de batata - Aracy (IAC-2, Itaiquara (IAC-3551 e Teberê (IAC-4489 - criados e selecionados pela Seção de Raízes e Tubérculos do Instituto Agronômico, no ano agrícola 1982/83, em plantio "das águas" (novembro-janeiro. Os resultados obtidos são referentes às amostragens realizadas aos 64, 79 e 111 dias após o plantio (DAP, e mostraram que o cultivar Aracy acumulou maior quantidade de matéria seca, proteínas, cinzas, polissacarídeos totais e açúcares solúveis por tubérculo.In the rain season of 1982-1983 (November-January, it was studied the dynamics of accumulation of reserve substances and total glycoalkaloids in growing tubers of the Brazilian potato cultivars Aracy (IAC-2, Itaiquara (IAC-355 1 and Teberê (IAC-4489. Data are related to three sampling dates, 64, 79 and 111 days after planting (DAP. Tubers of Aracy (IAC-2 had the highest dry matter, protein, ash, total polisacharides and soluble e sugar contenta.
Relações hídricas em cultivares de beterraba em diferentes níveis de salinidade do solo
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alexsandro O. da Silva
2013-11-01
Full Text Available O excesso de sais no solo pode afetar diretamente o desenvolvimento e a produtividade das plantas, motivo pelo qual investigações sob as relações hídricas das culturas em tais condições se fazem necessárias para prevenir ou remediar tal problema. O estudo foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, na Universidade Estadual Paulista no Departamento de Engenharia Rural. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o de blocos casualizados com 4 repetições, 5 níveis de salinidade no solo (1,0; 3,0; 6,0; 9,0; 12,0 dS m-1, duas cultivares de beterraba (Early Wonder e Itapuã e dois manejos de fertirrigação totalizando, assim, 80 parcelas experimentais. Foram realizados medidas do teor relativo de água nas folhas, resistência difusa ao vapor de água, transpiração, área foliar e o consumo hídrico da cultura. Houve um decréscimo de acordo com o incremento da salinidade para os parâmetros fisiológicos analisados na cultivar Early Wonder enquanto para a cultivar Itapuã um aumento crescente foi observado até a salinidade de 6 dS m-1. O consumo de água pelas plantas apresentou uma redução para as duas cultivares estudadas.
Li, X Y; Xu, H X; Chen, J W
2014-04-29
Manual cultivar identification diagram is a new strategy for plant cultivar identification based on DNA markers, providing information to efficiently separate cultivars. We tested 25 pairs of apple EST-SSR primers for amplification of PCR products from loquat cultivars. These EST-SSR primers provided clear amplification products from the loquat cultivars, with a relatively high transferability rate of 84% to loquat; 11 pairs of primers amplified polymorphic products. After analysis of 24 red-fleshed loquat accessions, we found that only 7 pairs of primers could clearly separate all of them. A cultivar identification diagram of the 24 cultivars was constructed using polymorphic bands from the DNA fingerprints and EST-SSR primers. Any two of the 24 cultivars could be rapidly separated from each other, according to the polymorphic bands from the cultivars; the corresponding primers were marked in the correct position on the cultivar identification diagram. This red-flesh loquat cultivar identification diagram can separate the 24 red-flesh loquat cultivars, which is of benefit for loquat cultivar identification for germplasm management and breeding programs.
Requeima do tomateiro: Severidade e perdas em diferentes cultivares em sistema orgânico de produção
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carlos Antonio dos Santos
2017-02-01
Full Text Available Tendo em vista os danos causados pela requeima (Phytophthora infestans ao tomateiro e as dificuldades de manejo desta doença em sistemas orgânicos de produção, objetivou-se quantificar o progresso da doença e a produção de dez cultivares de tomateiro em condições de campo em sistema orgânico. Avaliaram-se oito cultivares mais dois padrões, Débora Plus e Perinha Água Branca (PAB, suscetível e resistente à doença, respectivamente. Quantificou-se a severidade da doença em dez avaliações e calcularam-se as áreas abaixo das curvas de progresso da requeima (AACPR. A produção foi aferida em seis colheitas e com base nestas determinaram-se produtividade, número e massa fresca média dos frutos e a sua qualidade comercial. Adotou-se delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os híbridos Lumi, Serato, Dominador e Forty apresentaram AACPR significativamente superiores ao padrão Débora Plus (579,27, enquanto Mascot foi equivalente estatisticamente a este. Menor AACPR foi observada em Santa Clara, Kada e Jumbo (183,50 a 250,56 que não diferiram do padrão resistente, PAB (14,74. A produtividade, total e comercial, de Lumi, Serato, Forty e Dominador foi equivalente ou inferior à de cultivares mais antigas, como Kada, e de cultivares do grupo cereja, como Mascot e PAB. A cultivar PAB, apesar da menor produtividade total (0,69 kg.planta-1, apresentou produtividade comercial (0,65 kg.planta-1 equivalente ou superior ao da maioria das cultivares (0,32 a 0,67 kg.planta-1. Os híbridos Lumi, Serato, Dominador e Forty são altamente suscetíveis a requeima e podem ter sua produtividade severamente comprometida pela doença em sistemas orgânicos. Tomato late blight: Severity and losses in different cultivars in organic systemAbstract: In view of the damage caused by late blight (Phytophthora infestans on tomato and the difficulties in controlling this disease in organic systems, it was aimed quantify their progress and
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
2012-08-01
ídas pela aplicação superficial de doses de calcário dolomítico (zero; 1,8 t ha-1; 3,6 t ha-1 e 5,4 t ha-1. A aplicação de calcário superficialmente no solo ocorreu em outubro de 2002 e posteriormente utilizou-se a sucessão milheto (primavera – feijão (verão – aveia preta (outono-inverno em condições de sequeiro. A semeadura das cultivares de feijão foi realizada em 17 de dezembro de 2003. Pode-se concluir que existe influência da interação dos fatores cultivares e doses de calcário aplicado superficialmente no solo em semeadura direta, onde a cultivar IAPAR 81 se destacou com aumento da produtividade de grãos a medida que houve incremento das doses de calcário, obtendo valores de 2.025 kg ha-1 sem a aplicação de calcário a 2.655 kg ha-1 com a dose de 5,4 t ha-1 do corretivo, tendo portanto acréscimo de 31% na produtividade.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Michael Mazurana
2011-09-01
Full Text Available A fragilidade de um sistema florestal pode ser avaliada através do balanço de nutrientes, destacando a eficiência da ciclagem sendo que, em certos casos, a adubação deve ser utilizada para manter ou elevar a produtividade do sistema. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o comportamento de diferentes sistemas de preparo de solo em Cambissolo Háplico e sua influência nas perdas de nutrientes transportados por erosão em área cultivada com Eucalyptus saligna. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por quatro métodos de preparo do solo: subsolagem interrompida com resíduo (SIR, subsolagem contínua com resíduo (SCR, subsolagem contínua sem resíduo (SSR e coveamento mecânico (CME, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três repetições por tratamento. O sistema SSR apresentou as maiores perdas de nutrientes quando comparadas com as dos outros métodos de preparo de solo. As maiores perdas de nutrientes pela erosão hídrica foram, pela ordem, K > Ca > Mg > P > Cu > B. Os sistemas de preparo SIR e SSR apresentaram os maiores teores de nutrientes contidos na parte aérea e o menor balanço nutricional, respectivamente.The forest system fragility can be evaluated through nutrient balance, with an emphasis in the cycling efficiency to maintain or elevate of productivity of system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different soil tillage systems on nutrient losses transported by erosion on an Inceptisol with Eucalyptus saligna. Four tillage systems were tested: interrupted deep chiseling with residue (SIR, continuous deep chiseling with residue (SCR, continuous deep chiseling without residue (SSR and mechanical pitting (CME. The SIR system showed the greatest nutrient losses. The loss of nutrients was higher by water erosion, in the following order, K > Ca > Mg > P > Cu > B. SIR and SSR tillage systems had the highest levels of nutrients in shoots and lower nutritional balance, respectively.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wilson Massamitu Furuya
2001-05-01
Full Text Available Foram determinados a energia digestível e os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes de alguns ingredientes pela tilápia-do-nilo (25,24 ± 3,88 g. Os peixes foram alimentados com dietas peletizadas até à saciedade aparente e o valor de digestibilidade de cada ingrediente foi obtido por comparação com a digestibilidade da dieta referência (33% proteína bruta e 0,1% óxido de crômio. Os valores de energia digestível encontrados foram de 3607,47; 2701,24; 3114,54 e 4008,95 kcal/kg para o milho, farelo de trigo, farelo de soja e farinha de peixe, respectivamente. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente obtidos foram de 87,12; 78,21; 92,72 e 84,95%, para a proteína, 94,40; 87,12; 78,21; 92,72; e 84,95% para o extrato etéreo, com disponibilidade de 87,27; 79,50; 76,15; 85,04 e 90,62% para o cálcio e de 61,15; 45,08; 29,51; 47,14 e 49,78% para o fósforo, para o milho, farelo de trigo, farelo de soja e farinha de peixe, respectivamente. Os resultados do presente estudo indicaram que alimentos ricos em carboidratos e energia são eficientemente utilizados pela tilápia-do-niloDigestible energy and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients were determined for some ingredients fed to the Nile tilapia (25.4 ± 3.88 g. Fish were fed on pelletized diet to apparent satiation and the digestibility value of each ingredient was determined by comparison of digestibility of a reference diet (33% crude protein and 0.1% chromic oxide. Digestible energy values were 3607.47; 2701.24; 3114.54 and 4008.95 kcal/kg for corn, wheat meal, soybean meal and fish meal, respectively. The apparent digestibility coefficients were 87.12; 78.21; 92.72 and 84.95% for protein, 94.4; 87.12; 78.21; 92.72; and 84.95% for ether extract, 87.27; 79.5; 76.15; 85.04 and 90.62% for calcium and 61.15; 45.08; 29.51; 47.14 and 49.78% for phosphorus, corn, wheat meal, soybean meal and fish meal, respectively. Results indicated that foodstuffs rich in
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luiz C. GUTKOSKI
1999-12-01
Full Text Available A fibra alimentar é composta por celulose, hemiceluloses, gomas, pectinas e mucilagens sendo classificada em solúvel e insolúvel, quanto a sua solubilidade em água. As beta-glicanas são componentes da fibra alimentar solúvel presentes na aveia e sua importância é devido às propriedades funcionais e aos efeitos hipocolesterolêmicos e hipoglicêmicos apresentados. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os teores de fibra alimentar solúvel, insolúvel e total e de beta-glicanas de cultivares de aveia recomendados pela Comissão Brasileira de Pesquisa de Aveia. Grãos de aveia (Avena sativa, L foram descascados, as cariopses moídas e as amostras acondicionadas e armazenadas à temperatura de -20° C. Para a análise de fibra alimentar foi adotada a metodologia da AOAC (1997. Entre os cultivares analisados, UPF 7, UPF 13, UPF 14 e UPF 16 apresentaram os maiores teores de fibra alimentar insolúvel. Os maiores teores de fibra alimentar solúvel foram verificados nos cultivares UFRGS 7, CTC 13, UPF 16 e CTC 2. O cultivar UPF 16 apresentou o maior teor de fibra alimentar total, seguido de UFRGS 7, CTC 13 e UFRGS 18. Para a determinação de beta-glicanas foi adotada a metodologia da AOAC (1997. Os maiores teores de beta-glicanas foram verificados nos cultivares UFRGS 7, UPF 14 e UFRGS 18.The dietary fiber is composed by cellulose, hemi-celluloses, gums, pectins, and mucilages, being classified as soluble or insoluble depending on its solubility in water. Beta-glucans are a fraction of the soluble dietary fiber, being important due to its functional properties and effects in reducing cholesterol and glucose. This work aimed at evaluating the levels of soluble, insoluble, and total dietary fiber, as well as the amount of beta-glucans, present in grains of oat cultivars recommended by the Brazilian Commission for Oat Research. Oat grains were hulled, the caryopses were ground and the samples packaged and stored at temperature of -20º
Estimativa da área de folhas de cultivares antigas e modernas de soja por método não destrutivo
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gean Leonardo Richter
2014-12-01
Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar um modelo matemático empírico que estime a área de folhas em cultivares de soja a partir de dimensões lineares da folha, com ênfase para cultivares modernas e recentemente em uso por agricultores no Rio Grande do Sul. Para isso, foi realizado um experimento de campo em Santa Maria com 13 cultivares (NS 4823 RR, BMX Energia RR, Igra RA 518 RR, BMX Turbo RR, NA 5909 RG, TMG 7161 RR Inox, TEC 5936IPRO, IAS 5, BMX Potência RR, Fepagro 36 RR, BRS 246 RR, Bragg e CD 219 RR durante três anos agrícolas (2010/2011, 2012/2013 e 2013/2014. Foram coletadas 20 folhas de cada cultivar para a calibração do modelo e outras 50 folhas para testar a capacidade preditiva do mesmo, nas quais foi medido o comprimento (C e a maior largura (L de cada folíolo central dos trifólios. A partir da relação entre área da folha e as dimensões lineares do folíolo central foi ajustado um modelo linear para cada cultivar e um modelo geral para todas as cultivares. A capacidade preditiva das equações foi avaliada pelas estatísticas raiz quadrada média do erro, BIAS, índice de concordância modificado e coeficiente r. Os resultados indicam que o método não destrutivo, baseado nas dimensões lineares do folíolo central, é apropriado para a estimativa da área de folhas individuais em soja e que a equação geral AF = 2,0185.(C.L pode ser utilizada para várias cultivares modernas de soja.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Júlio César Damasceno
2008-03-01
Full Text Available O objetivo do experimento foi estudar os efeitos da substituição da silagem de milho (SML pela silagem do terço superior da rama de mandioca (SRM no consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes de vacas em lactação. Doze vacas em lactação foram alocadas em um delineamento em blocos casualizados. Os níveis de substituição da SML pela SRM foram 0, 20, 40 e 60%. Os parâmetros analisados foram: consumo de matéria seca (CMS, matéria orgânica (CMO, fibra em detergente neutro (CFDN, fibra em detergente neutro indigestível (CFDNi, digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (DAMS, matéria orgânica (DAMO, proteína bruta (DAPB, fibra detergente neutro (DAFDN, carboidratos totais (DACT, carboidratos não fibrosos (DACNF. Foi observado que o nível de substituição da SML pela SRM não teve efeito significativo para a maioria das variáveis avaliadas (p > 0,05. No entanto, a DAPB (p The objective of the experiment was to study the effects of replacing corn silage (CS with cassava foliage silage (CFS – using the upper third of the foliage – on intake and nutrient digestibility. Twelve lactating dairy cows were used in a randomized block design to evaluated intake and digestibility. The levels of replacement of CS with CFS were 0, 20, 40 and 60%. The parameters studied were: dry matter intake (DMI, organic matter intake (OMI, neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI, indigestible neutral detergent fiber intake (INDFI, apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADDM, apparent digestibility of organic matter (ADOM, apparent digestibility of crude protein (ADCP, apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (ADNDF, apparent digestibility of total carbohydrates (ADTC and apparent digestibility of non-fiber carbohydrates (ADNFC. The replacement of CS with different levels of the upper third of cassava foliage silage (CFS had no effect in practically any of evaluated variables (p > 0.05. However, ADCP (p < 0.01 decreased as the levels of replacement
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Giuliano Elias Pereira
2008-10-01
Full Text Available Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho realizar uma caracterização dos sucos de uva de cinco cultivares de videira americana Vitis labrusca (Folha de Figo, Alwood, Concord, BRS-Rúbea e Isabel segundo suas características visuais, olfativas e gustativas, utilizando um método descritivo por um painel de degustadores da Embrapa Uva e Vinho (EMBRAPA/CNPUV de Bento Gonçalves e da Associação Brasileira de Enologia (ABE, constituído por doze degustadores. De acordo com os resultados, os sucos das cultivares Isabel e Folha de Figo foram superiores aos demais, segundo a análise de componentes principais (ACP, principalmente pelas variáveis limpidez, equilíbrio olfativo, intensidade e corpo gustativo, persistência olfato-gustativa e julgamento geral (notas. O suco Folha de Figo foi superior ao Isabel quanto à tonalidade, sendo o primeiro caracterizado como vermelho-violáceo. A cultivar Folha de Figo é a mais utilizada na região para a produção de suco, podendo os produtores utilizarem também a cultivar Isabel, que mostrou potencial nas condições edafo-climáticas do sul de Minas Gerais.The present work was designed to accomplish the characterization of the different grape juices of five grapevine cultivars of Vitis labrusca (Folha de Figo, Alwood, Concord, BRS-Rúbea e Isabel according to their visual, smell and taste characteristics utilizing a descriptive method by a panel of tasters of Embrapa Grape and Wine (EMBRAPA/CNPUV of Bento Gonçalves, and of the Brazilian Enology Association (ABE consisting of 12 tasters. According to the results, the juices of the cultivars Isabel and Folha de Figo were higher than the others, analyzed statistically according to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA, mainly by the visual cleanliness variables, olfatory equilibrium, gustative body and quality, olfato-gustative persistence and general judgement (scores and the juice of Folha de Figo was higher than Isabel according to visual shade, the former
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fernanda Alice Antonello Londero Backes
2008-10-01
Full Text Available O diagnóstico nutricional é fundamental para determinar as exigências das plantas quanto aos nutrientes, de forma a se proceder a um manejo adequado, de acordo com a espécie. Assim, para determinar as concentrações e conteúdos nutricionais adequados à produção e qualidade de plantas de lisianto em cultivo hidropônico, instalou-se um experimento onde as plantas foram cultivadas em sistema NFT, em diferentes soluções nutritivas. O experimento foi conduzido, segundo delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4x3, totalizando 12 tratamentos, com três repetições. Ostratamentos foram compostos de quatro cultivares (Echo Champagne, Mariachi Pure White, Balboa Yellow e Ávila Blue Rim e três soluções nutritivas (Teste, Steiner modificada e Barbosa. Foram avaliadas as concentrações e os conteúdos dos nutrientes nas folhas e conteúdos na parte aérea das plantas. As plantas cultivadas nas soluções Barbosa eTeste apresentaram resultados satisfatórios quanto às concentrações e aos conteúdos de nutrientes, enquanto a solução Steiner modificada produziu plantas com limitações nutricionais.The nutritional diagnosis is fundamental for determining plantnutrients, in order to correctly manage the nutritional requirements for each species. Thus, in order to determine the ideal nutrient amount and concentration for obtaining the best yield and quality of lisianthus grown hydroponically, an experiment was conducted inwhich the plants were grown under the NFT system in different nutrient solutions. The experiment was conducted according to a random block design arrangement in a 4x3 factorial scheme, totaling 12 treatments with three repetitions. The treatments werecomprised of four cultivars (Echo Champagne, Mariachi Pure White, Balboa Yellow and Ávila Blue Rim and three nutrient solutions (Test, modified Steiner and Barbosa. In the leaves, nutrient concentration and content were evaluated; in the aerial
Dinâmica dos micronutrientes em cafeeiros enxertados
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
André Dominghetti Ferreira
2013-04-01
Full Text Available As respostas à disponibilidade dos nutrientes variam entre espécies distintas dentro de um mesmo gênero, por causa, principalmente, das exigências nutricionais variáveis, capacidade de absorção, translocação e utilização dos nutrientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de absorção, translocação e uso dos micronutrientes por diferentes cultivares de Coffea arabica L., enxertados em Apoatã IAC 2258 (Coffea canephora. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se o método de cultivo em solução nutritiva. Foi utilizado um fatorial 7 x 3 + 2, sendo sete cultivares de Coffea arabica L. (Palma II, Catucaí 2 SL, Oeiras MG 6851, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Acauã, Topázio MG 1190 e Paraíso MG H 419-1, três tipos de mudas (pé franco, autoenxertada e enxertada sobre o cultivar Apoatã IAC 2258 e duas testemunhas (Apoatã autoenxertado e Apoatã pé franco. O porta-enxerto utilizado influenciou negativamente na absorção de boro, ferro e manganês. A translocação dos micronutrientes boro e cobre obteve maiores índices nas mudas enxertadas. O cultivar Palma II, quando enxertado, apresentou o maior índice de utilização dos nutrientes, mostrando-se passível de ser enxertado. O porta-enxerto utilizado mostrou-se apto para a enxertia, por não sofrer influência negativa, tanto pela enxertia, quanto pelos cultivares utilizados.
Genetic divergence of common bean cultivars.
Veloso, J S; Silva, W; Pinheiro, L R; Dos Santos, J B; Fonseca, N S; Euzebio, M P
2015-09-22
The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic divergence in the 'Carioca' (beige with brown stripes) common bean cultivar used by different institutions and in 16 other common bean cultivars used in the Rede Cooperativa de Pesquisa de Feijão (Cooperative Network of Common Bean Research), by using simple sequence repeats associated with agronomic traits that are highly distributed in the common bean genome. We evaluated 22 polymorphic loci using bulks containing DNA from 30 plants. There was genetic divergence among the Carioca cultivar provided by the institutions. Nevertheless, there was lower divergence among them than among the other cultivars. The cultivar used by Instituto Agronômico do Paraná was the most divergent in relation to the Carioca samples. The least divergence was observed among the samples used by Universidade Federal de Lavras and by Embrapa Arroz e Feijão. Of all the cultivars, 'CNFP 10104' and 'BRSMG Realce' showed the greatest dissimilarity. The cultivars were separated in two groups of greatest similarity using the Structure software. Genetic variation among cultivars was greater than the variation within or between the groups formed. This fact, together with the high estimate of heterozygosity observed and the genetic divergence of the samples of the Carioca cultivar in relation to the original provided by Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, indicates a mixture of cultivars. The high divergence among cultivars provides potential for the utilization of this genetic variability in plant breeding.
Determining the Pollinizer for Pecan Cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fereidoon Ajamgard
2017-05-01
Full Text Available This study was conducted to determine the best pollinizer for five selected pecan cultivars in southwest of Iran at Safiabad Agricultural Research Center in 2014-2015. The cultivars included: 'GraTex', '10J', 'Wichita 6J', 'GraKing', 'Choctaw' as pollinated cultivars (♀ and 'GraTex', 'Peruque', 'Comanche 4M', '10J', 'Wichita 6J', 'Mohawk', 'Mahan', 'Stuart 2J', '3J', 'Stuart 4J', 'GraKing', 'Choctaw', 'Apache', '6M', 'Wichita 7J' and 'Comanche 5M.' as pollinizer cultivars (♂. In the first step, a pollination chart of cultivars was determined in two years. The pollination chart of cultivars showed that all the cultivars investigated during this study were dichogamous and also protogynous except for the 'Peruque'. ‘GraKing’ had the longest duration of shedding pollen. Pollination chart showed that 'Peruque', ‘GraKing’, and 'Stuart 2J' had flowering overlap with the selected cultivars. Pollen germination test showed that the germination ability was different among the cultivars. It was 45% for 'GraKing' and 35% for 'Peruque', which were both recommended as pollinizers in this study. '6M', 'GraTex' and 'Stuart 4J' cultivars had the highest pollen germination percentage of 65%, 60% and 60%, respectively. The results of controlled pollinationtest showed that different pollen sources had no significant effect on nuts per cluster but self-pollinated all of the cultivars significantly reduced fruit set in first and second years. Based on the present research, pollination in pecan orchard was necessary for adequate yield. Also, 'Peruque', 'GraKing' and 'Stuart 2J' were the best pollinizers for five selected cultivars in southwest of Iran.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Liu Weitao; Zhou Qixing; An Jing; Sun Yuebing; Liu Rui
2010-01-01
Variations in cadmium accumulation and translocation among 40 Chinese cabbage cultivars were studied to identify and screen out Cd-safe cultivars (CSCs), i.e. cultivars with low enough accumulation of Cd in their edible parts even when grown in contaminated soils. It was observed in the pot-culture experiment that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in shoot Cd concentrations under three Cd treatments (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg), with corresponding average values 0.88, 4.45 and 7.76 mg/kg, respectively. Shoot Cd concentrations in 16 cabbage cultivars were lower than 0.50 mg/kg. The translocation factors (TFs) and the extraction factors (EFs) in five cabbage cultivars were lower than 1.0 in the pot-culture experiment. The field-culture experiment further validated that New Beijing 3 and Fengyuanxin 3 could be considered as CSCs. In particular, the two cultivars can be cultivated in low to moderate Cd-contaminated soils (Cd concentration <1.25 mg/kg) to minimize the Cd accumulation in the food.
Absorção de macronutrientes por porta-enxertos e cultivares de videira em hidroponia
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Albuquerque Teresinha Costa Silveira de
2000-01-01
Full Text Available A proposta deste trabalho foi detectar a capacidade de absorção de macronutrientes nos porta-enxertos de videira ?Tropical? - IAC 313, ?Jales? - IAC 572, ?Campinas? - IAC 766, ?Dog Ridge?, ?Salt Creek? e ?Harmony? de possível utilização para as cultivares Thompson Seedless e Italia. Os porta-enxertos e as produtoras foram propagados por estacas semi-lenhosas com 2 gemas, enraizadas em areia grossa lavada até que o sistema radicular permitisse o transplantio para recipientes de 3L de volume, contendo 2 partes de sílica e 1 parte de areia grossa. As mudas foram uniformizadas através de poda, tanto do sistema radicular quanto da parte aérea. A solução nutritiva foi aplicada por irrigação em sistema fechado de gotejamento, acionado por temporizador. Quando as plantas apresentavam, em média, um ramo com 1,50m de comprimento, foi realizada a poda do sistema aéreo, colocando-se o material para secar. As amostras foram moídas e analisadas quanto ao teor de macronutrientes. A análise dos dados permitiu concluir que: a produção de biomassa apresenta alta correlação com a quantidade acumulada de nutrientes; o porta-enxerto ?Jales? apresentou o maior valor de produção de matéria seca da parte aérea, sendo pois considerado o mais vigoroso, vindo a seguir os porta-enxertos ?Tropical? e ?Campinas?; as produtoras ?Thompson Seedless? e ?Italia? e os porta-enxertos ?Harmony?, ?Dog Ridge? e ?Salt Creek? apresentaram valores menores de produção de matéria seca da parte aérea, considerados portanto menos vigorosos que os demais materiais estudados; o porta-enxerto ?Jales? foi o que extraiu maior quantidade de N, P, K e Ca, igualando-se ao ?Tropical? na extração de Mg; de modo geral, a extração de N, P, K, Ca e Mg pelas cultivares Thompson Seedless e Italia foi semelhante aos porta-enxertos ?Campinas?, ?Harmony?, ?Dog Ridge? e ?Salt Creek?.
Nutrição mineral de macieira. VI. acúmulos de nutrientes pelos frutos
Trani, P.E.; Haag, H.P.; Dechen, A.R.; Sarruge, J.R.; Catani, C.B.
1981-01-01
Numa plantação de macieira, constituída dos cultivares 'Ohio Beauty' e 'Brasil', localizada em um Latossol Vermelho Escuro Orto no município de Buri, SP, foram coletados frutos com a idade de 20 a 120 dias de arvores com 1,5; 3,5; 4,5 e 6,5 anos de idade. O material coletado após secagem a 80°C foi analisado para N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. Os autores concluiram que os cultivares diferem na extração de nutrientes nos frutos coletados em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento. Os a...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carlos Henrique Salvino Gadelha Meneses
2011-04-01
Full Text Available The physiological quality of cotton cultivar seeds (Gossypium hirsutum var. latifolium L. was evaluated in laboratory by the simulation of water potentials with polyethyleneglycol-6000 (0.0; -0.2; -0.4; -0.6; -0.8 and -1.0 MPa, at 25ºC using germitest paper as substrate. A completely randomized design in a 4 × 6 factorial scheme with four replications of 50 seeds each was used. The studied variables were: germination percentage, first count of germination, germination velocity index, accelerated aging in water, electrical conductivity, humidity, vigor classification, radicle length and radicle/shoot length ratio. The effect of water stress on seed viability and on plantlet vigor was severe at potentials below -0.4 MPa. The 'CNPA 187 8H' cultivar was the least sensitive to the tested osmotic potentials, both in terms of germination and of vigor. The 'BRS-201' cultivar was mostly affected by the viability and vigor tests under water deficit conditions. Differential viability and vigor between cultivars were observed under the water stress levels.A qualidade fisiológica de sementes de cultivares de algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum var. latifolium L. foi avaliada em laboratório pela simulação de potenciais hídricos com polietilenoglicol-6000 (0,0; -0,2; -0,4; -0,6; -0,8 e -1,0 MPa, na temperatura de 25ºC, em substrato papel germitest. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 × 6, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. As variáveis estudadas foram: porcentagem de germinação, primeira contagem da germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado em água, condutividade elétrica, umidade, classificação de vigor (plântulas normais, fortes ou fracas, comprimento de radícula e relação radícula/parte aérea. O efeito do estresse hídrico na viabilidade das sementes e no vigor das plântulas foi severo a partir de -0.4 MPa. O cultivar CNPA 187 8H foi o menos sensível aos
Deficiência hídrica no consumo de água de dois cultivares de milho crescidos em solução nutritiva
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Eduardo Caruso Machado
1985-01-01
Full Text Available Estudaram-se no presente trabalho os efeitos da deficiência hídrica no crescimento e consumo de água de plantas dos cultivares de milho IAC-Maya e IAC-Maya latente crescidos em casa de vegetação e em solução nutritiva em recipientes cilíndricos de PVC (diâmetro = 15cm, altura = 100cm, com capacidade para 15 litros. A solução nutritiva, composta de (mg/litro: Ca (284,N-NO3 (297, N-NH4 (37, K (140, P (6, Mg (41, Fe (7,5, B (0,5, Cu (0,08, Mn (1,0, Mo (0,16 e Zn (0,3, foi renovada a cada 30 dias. Nos estádios vegetativo e de florescimento, as plantas foram submetidas à deficiência hídrica através de a adição de polietileno glicol e b suspensão da reposição da água evapotranspirada pelas plantas. O delineamento estatístico foi o de blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. A deficiência hídrica ocasionou, em ambos os cultivares, redução no consumo de água e na área foliar. Nos tratamentos onde a deficiência hídrica foi induzida pela suspensão da reposição da água evapotranspirada, observou-se aumento das raízes de ambos os cultivares. Os resultados sugerem que a técnica de cultivo por hidroponia associada ao uso de agentes osmóticos e/ou suspensão da reposição da água evapotranspirada, pode ser utilizada em estudos de deficiência hídrica em plantas.
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Abstract. Ten rice cultivars from the International Rice Germplasm Centre originating from Bangladesh were analysedfor the~r genetics of resistance to bacterial blight. The test cultivars were selected on the basis of their high level ofresistance to races IV & VI ofXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. The mode ofinheri- tance was ...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Paulo Roberto Ernani
2000-04-01
Full Text Available Tanto o excesso quanto a deficiência de N causam efeitos negativos na produtividade e na qualidade dos frutos de macieira. Como a taxa de absorção de N pelas árvores de macieira é afetada pela demanda das mesmas, dentro da estação de crescimento, e pelo N disponível no solo, é importante conhecer a necessidade da adição suplementar desse nutriente e a melhor época para aplicá-lo. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da época de aplicação de N ao solo na produtividade de frutos de duas cultivares de macieira. Os experimentos, um para a Gala e outro para a Fuji, foram conduzidos de 1990 a 1996, em Vacaria, RS, num pomar plantado em 1988, na densidade de1481 árvores ha-1, sobre um Latossolo bruno com 4,0% de matéria orgânica, 60% de argila e pH 6,9. Os tratamentos constaram de 50kg de N ha-1 nos três primeiros anos, e 60kg de N ha-1 nas outras três safras, aplicados no inchamento das gemas (IG, ou na queda de pétalas (QP, ou dividido 2/3 no IG + 1/3 na QP, ou 2/3 na QP + 1/3 trinta dias após. O N foi sempre aplicado sobre a superfície do solo, sem incorporação, numa faixa de 2,0m ao longo da fila de plantio. Houve também um tratamento sem a aplicação de N. A produtividade média anual de frutos variou de 40 a 112t ha-1 para a cultivar Gala e de 38 a 76t ha-1 para a Fuji, e a produtividade média da Gala, no período, foi 35% superior à da Fuji. A aplicação de N ao solo, independentemente da época, não teve efeito na produtividade de frutos, no tamanho das brotações, na concentração de N nas folhas e no diâmetro do tronco das duas cultivares. Presume-se, portanto, que a quantidade de N liberada a partir da decomposição da matéria orgânica do solo foi suficiente para atender à demanda das plantas e permitir uma alta produtividade de frutos de macieira.Excess or deficiency of N have deleterious effects on apple yield and fruit quality. Since the rate of N uptake by apple trees depends on crop
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Azeredo, Edson Henrique de; Lima, Eduardo; Cassino, Paulo Cesar Rodrigues
2004-01-01
Impact of the nutrients N and K and soluble sugars on Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and Agrotis ipsilon (Huefnagel) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) populations in potato crops, Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae). The occurrence of Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) and Agrotis ipsilon (Huefnagel, 1767) on the potato cultivars Achat and Monalisa, influenced by nitrogen and potassium dosage, and minimum quantity of soluble sugars, was studied. The following parameters were evaluated: concentration of mineral nutrient and sugar in green leaf, senescent leaf, leaf in abscission, stem, tubercle and total plant using extracts of infusion in ethanol 80%. The largest infestation of D. speciosa larvae was on Monalisa cultivar at 150 kg.ha -1 of N + K with 27.03% at P -1 , in the absence of potassium. On the other hand, high dosage of K reduced the damages by A. ipsilon on Monalisa cultivar. However, it did not influence the storage of soluble sugar. The results indicated that in Achat cultivar the accumulated soluble sugar was reduced, probably sensitized by elevation of potassic fertilization dosing, differing from Monalisa cultivar, in which the influence was by nitrogen dosing. (author)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Amézquita Edgar
1993-12-01
soil productivity tolerant cultivars. To arrive at appropiate recommendations for farmers, it was consider the quantity of removal nutrients at physiological maturity. The 124 commercial barley preferred moderately fertil soils but with a lower nutritional efficiency after a commercial cultivar wheat. Its nutritional requirements to reach a 2.5 t/ha yield without irrigation was: Macronutrientes (kg/ha: 30 N, 8 P, 24 K, 8 Ca, 2.5 Mg; Micronutrients (g/ha: 140 Mn, 40 Zn, 24 Cu, 340 Fe. For many new barley cultivars sowed over ondulating terrains, the highest nutritional efficiency was in a Vertic Tropudalf, moderately behavoir in the Paralithic Humitropept and the lowest in an Ustic Dystropept. There were two cultivars with low adaptation, only one grow well in a difficult terrain and three cultivars exhibit good adaptation in all studied terrains.
Competitividade de cultivares de arroz irrigado com cultivar simuladora de arroz-vermelho
Balbinot Junior,Alvadi Antonio; Fleck,Nilson Gilberto; Menezes,Valmir Gaedke; Agostinetto,Dirceu
2003-01-01
Características morfológicas e fisiológicas de plantas cultivadas podem afetar sua habilidade competitiva com plantas daninhas. Este trabalho objetivou investigar a competitividade de cultivares de arroz irrigado (Oryza sativa L.) com cultivar simuladora de arroz-vermelho. Investigou-se na safra 2000/2001 o comportamento de oito genótipos de arroz, cultivados na presença ou ausência da cultivar de arroz EEA 406, que simulou infestação de arroz-vermelho. Aos 45 e aos 60 dias após a semeadura, ...
Dinâmica dos micronutrientes em cafeeiros enxertados Dynamics of micronutrient in grafted coffee
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
André Dominghetti Ferreira
2013-04-01
Full Text Available As respostas à disponibilidade dos nutrientes variam entre espécies distintas dentro de um mesmo gênero, por causa, principalmente, das exigências nutricionais variáveis, capacidade de absorção, translocação e utilização dos nutrientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de absorção, translocação e uso dos micronutrientes por diferentes cultivares de Coffea arabica L., enxertados em Apoatã IAC 2258 (Coffea canephora. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se o método de cultivo em solução nutritiva. Foi utilizado um fatorial 7 x 3 + 2, sendo sete cultivares de Coffea arabica L. (Palma II, Catucaí 2 SL, Oeiras MG 6851, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Acauã, Topázio MG 1190 e Paraíso MG H 419-1, três tipos de mudas (pé franco, autoenxertada e enxertada sobre o cultivar Apoatã IAC 2258 e duas testemunhas (Apoatã autoenxertado e Apoatã pé franco. O porta-enxerto utilizado influenciou negativamente na absorção de boro, ferro e manganês. A translocação dos micronutrientes boro e cobre obteve maiores índices nas mudas enxertadas. O cultivar Palma II, quando enxertado, apresentou o maior índice de utilização dos nutrientes, mostrando-se passível de ser enxertado. O porta-enxerto utilizado mostrou-se apto para a enxertia, por não sofrer influência negativa, tanto pela enxertia, quanto pelos cultivares utilizados.Responses to availability of nutrients vary between different species within the same genus, mainly because the different nutritional requirements, absorption capacity, translocation and use of nutrients, The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of absorption, translocation and use of micronutrients by different cultivars of Coffea arabica L. grafted into Apoatã IAC 2258 (Coffea canephora. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using cultivation in nutrient solution in a 7 x 3 + 2 factorial design: seven cultivars of Coffea arabica L. (Palma II, Catuca
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Roberto Ruggeri
2017-09-01
Full Text Available Experiments were conducted in open field to assess the effect of seeding season and density on the yield, the chemical composition and the accumulation of total tannins in grains of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cultivars (Pascià and Sultano. Environmental conditions and genetic factors considerably affected grain yield, nutrient and total tannins content of chickpea seeds, giving a considerable range in its qualitative characteristics. Results confirmed cultivar selection as a central factor when a late autumn-early winter sowing is performed. In effect, a more marked resistance to Ascochyta blight (AB of Sultano, allowed better agronomic performances when favourable-to-AB climatic conditions occur. Winter sowing appeared to be the best choice in the Mediterranean environment when cultivating to maximise the grain yield (+19%. Spring sowing improved crude protein (+10% and crude fibre (+8% content, whereas it did not significantly affect the accumulation of anti-nutrients compounds such as total tannins. The most appropriate seeding rate was 70 seeds m–2, considering that plant density had relatively little effect on the parameters studied.
Crescimento e acúmulo de macronutrientes na cultura da cebola em Baraúna (RN e Petrolina (PE
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Pedro Aguiar Neto
2014-04-01
Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes por cultivares de cebola experimentos foram desenvolvidos na estação experimental de Bebedouro (Petrolina, PE pertencente à Embrapa Semiárido, no período de maio a outubro de 2009 e em Baraúna, RN, em área comercial, no período de junho a outubro de 2009. O delineamento utilizado em cada experimento foi em blocos casualizados completos, com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial 2 x 6. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de duas cultivares de cebola (IPA 11 e Texas Grano 502 e seis épocas de coleta (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 e 90 DAT. Em cada coleta foram utilizadas seis plantas por repetição. A cebola, cultivares IPA 11 e Texas Grano, apresentou crescimento inicial lento intensificando-o a partir dos 30 dias após o transplantio. Maiores incrementos na matéria seca total, da parte aérea e do bulbo, ocorreram no período de 60 a 75 DAT. Os nutrientes foram absorvidos pela cebola na seguinte ordem: Ca > K > N > Mg > P e Ca > N > K > Mg > P para "Texas Grano 502" e "IPA 11" em Petrolina e K > Ca > N > Mg > P e N > K > Ca > Mg > P para "Texas Grano 502" e "IPA 11" em Baraúna. As cultivares Texas Grano 502 e IPA 11 exportaram mais nutrientes em Baraúna.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
A. S. Pompeu
1978-01-01
Full Text Available Com a finalidade de determinar cultivares mais adequados para plantio nas condições do Vale do Paraíba, no Estado de São Paulo, foram instalados experimentos de competição de linhagens e cultivares em três locais no município de Pindamonhangaba. Durante o período de 1973 a 1976, notou-se a ocorrência de granizo em 1974, prejudicando um dos ensaios, e de geada em 1975, a qual destruiu dois dos três ensaios plantados. Entre as moléstias que ocorrem no feijoeiro, observaram-se a antracnose e a ferrugem. As melhores produções médias foram obtidas pelas linhagens H38C1727 (Mulatinho, H38C1723 (Bico-de-ouro, H40C1722 (Chumbinho e H40C1725 (Preto, e pelos cultivares piratã-2 e piratã-1, com 2.475, 2.308, 2.218, 2.195, 2.177 e 2.164 kg/ha respectivamente. Os cultivares carioca (Diversos e rosinha G-2 (Rosinha tiveram produções de 2.094 e 1.677 kg/ha. Levando-se em consideração a alta capacidade produtiva demonstrada nesses experimentos e em outras regiões do Estado, bem como a disponibilidade de sementes, os cultivares aroana (H40C1722, moruna (H40C1725, piratã-1 e carioca podem ser indicados para plantio em larga escala na região do Vale do Paraíba.With the objective of indicating the best dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivars for the Paraíba Valley, S. Paulo State, trials were planted in three localities in the country of Pindamonhangaba, from 1973 to 1976. From 1973 to 1976 were observed the occurrence of hail in 1974 causing damage in one of the trials, and frost in 1975 that destroyed two of the three experiments planted. Among the pathogens of dry beans, it was noticed the presence of those causing the anthracnose and rust diseases. The best mean yields were observed for H38C1727, H38C1723, H40C1722, H40C1725, 'Piratã-2', and 'Piratã-1' with 2,475, 2,308, 2,218, 2,195, 2,178 and 2,164 kg/ha, respectively. The cultivars Moruna (H4001725, Aroana (H40C1722, Piratã-1 and Carioca can be pointed out for cultivation in
Production of gherkin seedlings in coconut fiber fertirrigated with different nutrient solutions
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Francisco de Assis de Oliveira
Full Text Available ABSTRACT Seedling quality is a key factor to achieve success in vegetable production. The present work aimed to evaluate the production of gherkin seedlings in substrate of coconut fiber fertirrigated with different concentrations of nutrients. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 × 5 factorial with four replications. The treatments consisted of combinations of three cultivars of gherkin (Do Norte, Liso de Calcutá, e Liso Gibão with five concentrations of nutrients in the solution (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. The nutrient solution, considered standard, matches the recommended solution for melon in hydroponic systems. We evaluated the variables: chlorophyll index, shoot length, number of leaves, stem diameter, main root length, dry weight of leaves, roots, and stem, mass of total dry matter, leaf area, specific leaf area, and leaf area ratio. All variables were affected by the ionic concentration in nutrient solutions. The use of coconut fiber in the production of gherkin seedlings is more efficient with nutrient solutions in concentrations ranging from 75 to 100% of the recommended solution for melon cultivation.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Valdir Diola
2008-03-01
concentration.A compreensão da biologia reprodutiva e da regulação da expressão sexual das flores do pepineiro (Cucumis sativus pode facilitar o manejo do cultivo e melhorar a produção e a qualidade dos frutos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a resposta fisiológica dos verticilos florais à aplicação de AIB em pepino. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação, em blocos casualizados, com os tratamentos dispostos em fatorial 5 x 2 (AIB nas concentrações de 0, 50, 100, 200 e 500 ìmol, para as cultivares Wisconsin MR28, ginóica, e Caipira, monóica. Foram utilizadas quatro repetições, com quatro plantas por parcela. A cultivar Wisconsin MR28 produziu em média 7.636 grãos de pólen (GP por flor, com resposta linear positiva ao aumento nas concentrações de AIB. Já na cultivar Caipira (5.160 GP, todas as concentrações de AIB interferiram negativamente na produção de GP. As cultivares não diferiram entre si e em ambas houve efeito linear positivo da concentração de AIB sobre a viabilidade dos GP (germinação média in vitro de 75,4 e 79,9% para as cultivares Wisconsin MR28 e Caipira, respectivamente. As cultivares Wisconsin MR28 e Caipira apresentaram em média 71,6 e 70,6 sementes por fruto respectivamente, respondendo com aumento no número de sementes e melhoria do aspecto do fruto ao incremento da concentração de AIB. A relação de flores masculinas:femininas diferiu significativamente entre cultivares (4,2:1 e 3,5:1 respectivamente para as cultivares Wisconsin MR28 e Caipira e foi afetada de forma distinta nas duas cultivares pelas concentrações de AIB: concentrações próximas de 100 µmol aumentaram o número de flores masculinas na cultivar Caipira e reduziram na cultivar Wisconsin MR28. A quantidade de flores femininas foi semelhante entre as cultivares e relativamente constante na cultivar Caipira nas diferentes concentrações de AIB. Já na cultivar Wisconsin MR 28, houve aumento do número de flores femininas em fun
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
J.A.R.O. Velloso
1980-06-01
Full Text Available Durante o ano agrícola de 1978/79, foi realizado um experimento a campo, na re gião da Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de conhecer o comportamento das cultivares de soja BR1, Bragg, Davis, IAS4, IAS5, Paraná e Planalto em relação ao metribuzin aplicado em pré-emergência nas doses de 0, 490 e 980 g/ha. Os efeitos dos tratamentos foram estimados através de avaliação visual de fitotoxicidade, contagem da população de plantas, determinações do peso seco da parte aérea e do número de grãos e obtenção do rendimento de grãos. Para a maioria das variáveis em estudo, constatou-se que ocorreram reduções proporcionais aos acréscimos das doses do herbicida. Os resultados da avaliação visual de fitotoxicidade mostraram que houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos de doses, tendo as cultivares Bragg e Davis demonstrado o menor efeito fito-tóxico, enquanto BR1 foi a que apresentou maior grau de injúria. Quanto ao rendimento de grãos alcançado pelas cultivares, foi constatado que Bragg comportou-se como altamente tolerante; BR1 e Davis como moderadamente tolerantes; IAS5 como intermediária e Paraná, Planalto e IAS4 como moderadamente suscetíveis.A field experiment was conducted during the 1978/79 growing season at the Central Depression Region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in order to evaluate the response soybean cultivars BR1, Bragg, Davis, IAS4, IAS5, Paraná, and Planalto to metribuzin applied in pre-emergence at rates of 0, 490 and 980 g/ha. The effects of the treatments were evaluated through visual rating of phytotoxicity, counting of soybean population, and determinations of dry weight of soybean stems, number of grains per unit area and grain yield. For most of the variables measured there were reductions proportional to increasing rates of metribuzin appl ied. Results of visual evaluation of soybean injury showed statistical differences among rates of the herbicide, being Bragg and
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Oyeyemi Adigun DADA
2010-12-01
Full Text Available The effect of defoliation on mineral and food value of two cassava varieties defoliated at varying phenological phases was studied to ascertain the appropriate phenological phase when harvested leaves would contain the optimum mineral and proximate composition, gross energy and the least cyanide content. Two cassava cultivars were subjected to defoliation at varying phenological stages including logarithmic, vegetative and physiological maturity phases. The mineral content was highest at the logarithmic phase than any other phases. The proximate composition of the cassava leaves showed that crude protein was highest at physiological maturity, while the least HCN was observed in cassava defoliated at logarithmic phase. Analysis of mineral and proximate content showed that leaf of the �TMS30572� cultivar had the highest mineral content, fat, fibre, ash, dry matter and gross energy at the logarithm phase while �Oko-Iyawo� had the highest crude protein and HCN at physiological maturity. This study indicates the high potential of cassava leaf as an unconventional source of protein for both humans and animals when defoliated at logarithmic growth phase.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira Camargo
2006-01-01
Full Text Available Foi estudado o comportamento diferencial de 12 genótipos de trigo comum (Triticum aestivum L., um genótipo de trigo duro (Triticum durum L., e um de triticale (Triticosecale sp em soluções nutritivas de tratamento contendo duas concentrações salinas (1/5 e 1/10 da completa e seis concentrações de alumínio ( 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 mg L-1, à temperatura de 25 ± 1ºC e pH 4,0. Foram utilizadas dez plântulas por parcela e quatro repetições. A tolerância foi medida pela capacidade de as raízes primárias continuarem a crescer em solução sem alumínio, após permanecer 48 horas em solução nutritiva completa, contendo uma concentração conhecida de alumínio combinada com cada uma das concentrações salinas. Os genótipos de trigo comum IAC-289, IAC-350 e IAC-370 e a cultivar controle Anahuac, e os genótipos de trigo duro IAC-1003 e de triticale IAC-5 foram os mais sensíveis a níveis crescentes de Al3+nas soluções nutritivas de tratamento e, portanto, somente seriam indicados para cultivo em solos corrigidos. Os genótipos de trigo comum IAC-24 e IAC-378 e a cultivar controle BH-1146 destacaram-se pela tolerância à toxicidade de Al3+, com potencial para uso em solos ácidos e como fontes genéticas de tolerância nos futuros cruzamentos. Os sintomas de toxicidade de alumínio foram maiores com a elevação da concentração de alumínio e da diminuição das concentrações de sais da solução nutritiva para todos os genótipos estudados.Twelve bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L., one durum wheat (Triticum durum L. and one triticale (Triticosecale sp genotypes were studied in nutrient solutions with a high salt concentration in experiment 1 and a weak salt concentration in experiment 2, for aluminum tolerance at six levels: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg L-1, under temperature 25 ± 1ºC and pH 4,0. Four replications were used per experiment. Aluminum tolerance was evaluated by measuring root growth in an aluminum-free complete
Cultivares de trigo duplo propósito submetidos ao manejo nitrogenado e a regimes de corte
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
M Hastenpflug
2011-02-01
Full Text Available Avaliaram-se a produção e a qualidade da forragem em cultivares de trigo duplo propósito submetidos a doses de nitrogênio e a regimes de corte. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de quatro cultivares de trigo duplo propósito - BRS Figueira, BRS Umbu, BRS Guatambu e BRS Tarumã -, cinco doses de nitrogênio - 0, 45, 90, 135 e 180kg ha-1 - e três manejos de corte - sem corte, um e dois cortes. As variáveis avaliadas foram: produção de forragem, relação de folhas, proteína bruta, digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica e nutrientes digestíveis totais. A adubação nitrogenada apresentou comportamento linear crescente sobre a produção de massa e proteína da forragem e não houve efeito sobre as demais variáveis. A produção de forragem aumentou no segundo corte e sua qualidade decresceu. Os resultados quantitativos e qualitativos da forragem foram distintos entre os cultivares. Os cultivares de trigo duplo propósito de ciclo mais longo apresentaram maior qualidade forrageira e menor produção de forragem.
Excess nutrients in hydroponic solutions alter nutrient content of rice, wheat, and potato
McKeehen, J. D.; Mitchell, C. A.; Wheeler, R. M.; Bugbee, B.; Nielsen, S. S.
1996-01-01
Environment has significant effects on the nutrient content of field-grown crop plants. Little is known, however, about compositional changes caused by controlled environments in which plants receive only artificial radiation and soilless, hydroponic culture. This knowledge is essential for developing a safe, nutritious diet in a Controlled Ecological Life-Support System (CELSS). Three crops that are candidates for inclusion in a CELSS (rice, wheat, and white potato) were grown both in the field and in controlled environments where the hydroponic nutrient solution, photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), and CO2 level were manipulated to achieve rapid growth rates. Plants were harvested at maturity, separated into discrete parts, and dried prior to analysis. Plant materials were analyzed for proximate composition (protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate), total nitrogen (N), nitrate, minerals, and amino-acid composition. The effect of environment on nutrient content varied by crop and plant part. Total N and nonprotein N (NPN) contents of plant biomass generally increased under controlled-environment conditions compared to field conditions, especially for leafy plant parts and roots. Nitrate levels were increased in hydroponically-grown vegetative tissues, but nitrate was excluded from grains and tubers. Mineral content changes in plant tissue included increased phosphorus and decreased levels of certain micronutrient elements under controlled-environment conditions. These findings suggest that cultivar selection, genetic manipulation, and environmental control could be important to obtain highly nutritious biomass in a CELSS.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gustavo Hiroshi Sera
2010-01-01
Full Text Available As cultivares de café IPR 99 ("Sarchimor" e IPR 107 ('IAPAR 59' x 'Mundo Novo IAC 376-4' eram no passado resistentes à ferrugem (Hemileia vastatrix. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: a Identificar progênies dessas duas cultivares com resistência à ferrugem; b Identificar progênies com resistência incompleta; c Verificar a eficiência dos cruzamentos testes na seleção dessas cultivares. A avaliação da resistência em campo foi realizada em cafeeiros adultos expostos à população local de raças presentes no IAPAR. Foram avaliados 23 cruzamentos testes com progênies F3 de 'IPR 107' e 5 com progênies F4 de 'IPR 99'. Além disso, foram avaliadas 11 progênies F4 de 'IPR 107' e 5 progênies F5 de 'IPR 99', provenientes de autofecundação. Várias progênies das cultivares IPR 99 e 107 apresentaram alta freqüência de plantas com resistência completa e são portadoras de mais genes de resistência não quebrados pelas raças de ferrugem. Progênies das cultivares IPR 99 e IPR 107 com a resistência quebrada apresentaram resistência incompleta à população local de raças. Cruzamentos testes foram eficientes na seleção de progênies de café com mais genes de resistência não quebrados.All plants of the coffee cultivars IPR 99 ("Sarchimor" and IPR 107 ('IAPAR 59' x 'Mundo Novo IAC 376-4' were resistant to rust (Hemileia vastatrix in the past. Currently, susceptible plants were observed in the two cultivars due to the breakdown of resistance by new rust races. The aims of this study were: a to identify coffee (Coffea arabica L. progenies of the two cultivars with resistance to rust; b to identify progenies with incomplete resistance; c to investigate the efficiency of test-crosses for selection from these cultivars. Evaluation for field resistance was carried out in adult plants subjected to natural infection by the local leaf rust population at IAPAR. Twenty-three test-crosses with F3 progenies of 'IPR 107' and five with F4
Value Education on Pela Tradition (An Ethnographic Study of Ambonese
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Frans Thomas
2015-12-01
Full Text Available Pendidikan Nilai dalam Tradisi Pela (Kajian Etnografis Masyarakat Ambon Abstract: The value that has meaning in pela tradition in Ambon society is something that has been handled as personally and can be internalized in human behaviour. The reality of pela tradition value order has been processing in institutionalized as the education direction of social values. The purpose of this qualitative research is to describe the values in the tradition of pela for educational value in Ambon community. The Exposure to the data, data explanation and understanding of discourse data tradition of pela is done in depth. The Study of pela discourse tradition with hermeneutics gives holistic-emic views of how the tradition of pela is able to package and legitimize the Ambonese community life philosophy. The results of the study describes the values in the tradition of pela include (1 the value of religion that regulates the dimensions of God in human life, (2 the value of the philosophy that is universal and will be impacted by the ending value and subjectivity, and (3 the value of ethical consequences of individual responsibility in achieving a moral obligation. Key Words: value education, culture, pela tradition Abstrak: Nilai yang memiliki arti dalam tradisi pela masyarakat Ambon adalah sesuatu yang telah diberikan sejak turun temurun secara pribadi dan dapat diinternalisasi dalam perilaku manusia. Pada kenyataannya, nilai pada tradisi pela telah dilembagakan menjadi arahan dalam pendidikan nilai-nilai sosial. Tujuan penelitian kualitatif ini adalah menggambarkan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam tradisi pela sebagai pendidikan nilai masyarakat Ambon. Paparan data, cara penjelasan data, dan pemahaman data wacana tradisi pela dilakukan secara mendalam. Kajian wacana tradisi pela dengan ancangan hermeneutika memberikan gambaran holistik-emik tentang bagaimana tradisi pela mampu mengemas dan melegitimasi falsafah hidup komunitas masyarakat Ambon. Hasil
Weigt, Dorota; Kiel, Angelika; Nawracała, Jerzy; Pluta, Mateusz; Łacka, Agnieszka
2016-01-01
Solid-stemmed spring wheat cultivars ( Triticum aestivum L.) are resistant to the stem sawfly ( Cephus cinctus Nort.) and lodging. Anthers of 24 spring wheat cultivars with varying content of pith in the stem were used in the experiment. All were classified into three groups: solid, medium-solid and hollow stems. There was considerable influence of the cultivar on callus formation and green plant regeneration. The highest efficiency of green plant regeneration (24%) was observed for the solid-stemmed AC Abbey cultivar. There was no regeneration from the explants of four cultivars: CLTR 7027, Alentejano, Marquis and Bombona. Principal component analysis showed no differences between the cases under observation (callus induction and green plant regeneration) in their response to pre-treatment temperatures (4 and 8°C). The examination of the effects of various auxin types in the induction medium on callus formation and green plant regeneration revealed that the strongest stimulation of these processes was observed in the C17 medium with 2,4-D and dicamba. The efficiency of callus formation and green plant regeneration was greater in solid-stemmed cultivars than in hollow-stemmed cultivars.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Azeredo, Edson Henrique de [Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Pinheiral, RJ (Brazil). Pro-Reitoria de Extensao], e-mail: edsonhenrique.azeredo@bol.com.br; Lima, Eduardo [Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropedica, RJ (Brazil). Inst. de Agronomia. Dept. de Solos; Cassino, Paulo Cesar Rodrigues [Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropedica, RJ (Brazil). Inst. de Biologia. Centro Integrado de Manejo de Pragas C.R.G.
2004-03-15
Impact of the nutrients N and K and soluble sugars on Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and Agrotis ipsilon (Huefnagel) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) populations in potato crops, Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae). The occurrence of Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) and Agrotis ipsilon (Huefnagel, 1767) on the potato cultivars Achat and Monalisa, influenced by nitrogen and potassium dosage, and minimum quantity of soluble sugars, was studied. The following parameters were evaluated: concentration of mineral nutrient and sugar in green leaf, senescent leaf, leaf in abscission, stem, tubercle and total plant using extracts of infusion in ethanol 80%. The largest infestation of D. speciosa larvae was on Monalisa cultivar at 150 kg.ha{sup -1} of N + K with 27.03% at P< 0,05. It was observed that the effect of the dosage of N + K in the increment of the concentration of soluble sugars increased the damages in the tubercles and stems by A. ipsilon. The infestation by these species increased to 58.82% on the Monalisa cultivar, when the nitrogen dosage increased from zero to 150 kg.ha{sup -1}, in the absence of potassium. On the other hand, high dosage of K reduced the damages by A. ipsilon on Monalisa cultivar. However, it did not influence the storage of soluble sugar. The results indicated that in Achat cultivar the accumulated soluble sugar was reduced, probably sensitized by elevation of potassic fertilization dosing, differing from Monalisa cultivar, in which the influence was by nitrogen dosing. (author)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
André Godoy da Silva
2010-10-01
Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de matéria seca (MS e o acúmulo de nutrientes pela crotalária (Crotalaria juncea L. e pelo milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L. R. Brown, em cultivos isolado e consorciado, e o efeito do manejo mecânico da palhada no desempenho da cultura da mamona (Ricinus communis L., em sucessão, na fase de implantação do sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi instalado em um Nitossolo Vermelho (Rhodic Kandiudox, em Botucatu, São Paulo (SP (22°58'S, 48°23'W e 765m de altitude. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por três coberturas vegetais: crotalária - cultivar 'IAC-KR1'; milheto - cultivar 'BN 2'; e consórcio crotalária + milheto. As subparcelas foram constituídas pela ausência e presença do manejo mecânico da palhada com triturador horizontal 20 dias após o manejo químico. O milheto produziu maior quantidade de MS e apresentou maiores teores de K, Mg e S na parte aérea, enquanto a crotalária apresentou maiores teores de N e Ca. O milheto acumulou mais N, P, K, Mg e S na parte aérea, enquanto a crotalária acumulou maior quantidade de Ca. A produtividade de grãos da mamoneira foi maior em sucessão ao consórcio crotálaria + milheto e na ausência do manejo mecânico da palhada.The objective of this study was to evaluate aboveground matter production and nutrients accumulation by sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L. and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L. R. Brown, in sole crop and intercropped, and the effect of straw mulch mechanical management on castor bean (Ricinus communis L. performance, in notillage system establishment. The experiment was carried out on a Rhodic Kandiudox, in Botucatu, SP, Brazil (22°58'S, 48°23'W and 765m above sea level. A randomized block design, in a splitplot scheme, with four replications, was used. The plots were composed by three cover crops: sunnhemp - cv. 'IAC-KR1
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nédio Rodrigo Tormen
2013-02-01
Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a reação de cultivares de trigo à ferrugem da folha, causada por Puccinia triticina, e mancha amarela, causada por Drechslera tritici-repentis, e sua responsividade ao controle químico com fungicidas, foi conduzido experimento de campo durante os invernos de 2009 e 2010, Itaara-RS. As cultivares avaliadas foram 'FCEP 51', 'FCEP 52', 'CD 114', 'FCEP Campo Real', 'FCEP Cristalino', 'FCEP Nova Era', 'OR Marfim', 'OR Abalone', 'OR Safira' e 'OR Pampeano'; na safra 2010, a cultivar 'CD 114' foi substituída pela OR Quartzo. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: P1 - testemunha sem aplicação de fungicida; P2 - fempropimorfe (560g ha-1 de i.a.; P3 - azoxistrobina + ciproconazol (60+24g ha-1 de i.a.; e P4 - piraclostrobina + metconazol (60+97,5g ha-1 de i.a.. Após a segunda aplicação, efetuaram-se avaliações semanais de severidade das doenças, cujos dados foram utilizados para o cálculo da Área Abaixo da Curva de Progresso da Doença (AACPD. Também foram determinados a produtividade e o peso do hectolitro. No que se refere à suscetibilidade às doenças, as cultivares estudadas apresentaram respostas distintas de um ano para o outro. Para ferrugem, o comportamento mostrou-se similar em ambos os anos, enquanto que, para mancha amarela, houve variação. Quanto à resposta ao controle químico, ocorreram variações de acordo com o patógeno e com o grau de suscetibilidade das cultivares. O uso integrado de resistência genética e controle químico mostrou-se mais efetivo para ferrugem da folha.Aiming to evaluate the susceptibility of wheat cultivars to leaf rust and yellow spot and their responsiveness to chemical fungicides, two field trials were carried out, during 2009 and 2010 winter's. The cultivars evaluated were: 'FCEP 51', 'FCEP 52', 'CD114', 'FCEP Campo Real', 'FCEP Cristalino', 'FCEP Nova Era', 'OR Marfim', 'OR Abalone', 'OR Safira' and 'OR Pampeano'. In 2010, the 'CD 114' cultivar was replaced by Quartzo
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adélia Aziz Alexandre Pozza
2009-12-01
Full Text Available Embora não seja considerado nutriente essencial às plantas, o Si é classificado como elemento benéfico ou útil, mas pode alterar a dinâmica nutricional das plantas. Objetivando comparar a eficiência nutricional de variedades de cafeeiro (Catuaí, Mundo Novo e Icatu em resposta à adubação silicatada, realizou-se um experimento em blocos casualizados, com as três variedades de mudas em tubetes combinadas com seis doses de CaSiO3 (T0 = 0, T1 = 0,063, T2 = 0,125, T3 = 0,25, T4 = 0,5 e T5 = 1,0 g dm-3 de substrato. A variedade Icatu teve a maior eficiência de absorção (EA de Cu, Zn, Fe e Si, maior eficiência de uso (EU de N, K, Ca, B e Mn, não diferindo da Mundo Novo com relação aos nutrientes N, Ca e Mn, e maior eficiência de translocação (ET de N, S, Zn e de Fe. A Catuaí teve maior EA de P, K, B e Mn, não diferindo da Mundo Novo com relação aos nutrientes P, K e Mn, maior EU para Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Fe e Si, provavelmente devido à melhor ET desses nutrientes, exceto para Fe e Si. A Mundo Novo foi mais eficiente na absorção de N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn e Si, teve maior EU de P e Mn e maior ET de K, Ca, B, Mn e Si.Silicon is classified as a beneficial nutrient and can improve the nutritional dynamics of plants, although it is not considered an essential nutrient for plants. In an experiment in a randomized block design, three coffee cultivars (Catuaí, Mundo Novo and Icatu were planted in plastic tubes, combined with six doses of calcium silicate (T0=0, T1=0.063, T2=0.125, T3=0.25, T4=0.5 and T5=1.0 g dm-3 substrate, to compare the nutritional efficiency of the cultivars in response to silicon fertilization. Cultivar Icatu showed the higher uptake efficiency (UE of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Si, and efficiency of use (EU of N, K, Ca, B, and Mn, but the later did not differ from Mundo Novo cultivar (N, Ca, and Mn. The efficiency of translocation (ET was higher for N, S, Zn, and Fe. For Catuaí the uptake efficiency of P, K, B, and Mn was higher
Pessegueiro: cultivar BRS kampai
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maria do Carmo Bassols Raseira
2010-12-01
Full Text Available RESUMO O programa de Melhoramento Genético de Pessegueiros da Embrapa Clima Temperado tem, entre seus objetivos, a obtenção de cultivares produtoras de frutas para consumo in natura, com características que satisfaçam às exigências dos consumidores. Alguns dos grandes centros consumidores, como é o caso de São Paulo e Curitiba, preferem pêssegos de polpa branca e sabor doce. A cultivar BRS Kampai, obtida de um cruzamento entre 'Chimarrita' e 'Flordaprince', alia a baixa necessidade em frio, o que é uma vantagem em regiões subtropicais, à boa aparência, com sabor superior a qualquer um dos parentais. A colheita dos frutos desta cultivar inicia-se geralmente, em meados de novembro, em Pelotas-RS (em Atibaia, São Paulo, inicia-se na segunda quinzena de outubro, poucos dias antes das cultivares Rubimel (polpa amarela e Premier (polpa branca, sendo ótima substituta para esta última.
Rao, B Dayakar; Kulkarni, Dhanashri B; C, Kavitha
2018-01-01
The study aimed to identify best cultivars suitable for sorghum cookies accordingly nutrient and mineral compositions were evaluated. Protein and fat content of cookies were ranged from 5.89±0.04 to 8.27±0.21% and 21.03±0.01 to 23.08±0.03% respectively. The starch content of cookie ranged between 47.06±0.01 and 42.15±0.03% and dietary fiber was reported highest in CSH14 (9.27±0.01%). The highest Mg (56.24±0.03mg/100g) P (255.54±0.03mg/100g), and K (124.26±0.02mg/100g) content were found in C43 cultivar. CSV18R was reported highest iron content (1.23±0.01mg/100g). The sensory scores for overall acceptability of cookies were highest in CSH23, CSH13R and CSV18R cultivars which are rich in dietary fiber and minerals. Normally the hybrids are high yielders and the grain price/qt is 20% lower than varieties. It is implied the raw material costs of two identified cultivars (CSH23 & CSH13R) would help the industry to reduce overall cost of production and offer a better profit margins over the varieties. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Combined Application of Biofertilizers and Inorganic Nutrients Improves Sweet Potato Yields
Mukhongo, Ruth W.; Tumuhairwe, John B.; Ebanyat, Peter; AbdelGadir, AbdelAziz H.; Thuita, Moses; Masso, Cargele
2017-01-01
Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam] yields currently stand at 4.5 t ha−1 on smallholder farms in Uganda, despite the attainable yield (45–48 t ha−1) of NASPOT 11 cultivar comparable to the potential yield (45 t ha−1) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). On-farm field experiments were conducted for two seasons in the Mt Elgon High Farmlands and Lake Victoria Crescent agro-ecological zones in Uganda to determine the potential of biofertilizers, specifically arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), to increase sweet potato yields (NASPOT 11 cultivar). Two kinds of biofertilizers were compared to different rates of phosphorus (P) fertilizer when applied with or without nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). The sweet potato response to treatments was variable across sites (soil types) and seasons, and significant tuber yield increase (p biofertilizer and NPK treatments during the short-rain season in the Ferralsol. Tuber yields ranged from 12.8 to 20.1 t ha−1 in the Rhodic Nitisol (sandy-clay) compared to 7.6 to 14.9 t ha−1 in the Ferralsol (sandy-loam) during the same season. Root colonization was greater in the short-rain season compared to the long-rain season. Biofertilizers combined with N and K realized higher biomass and tuber yield than biofertilizers alone during the short-rain season indicating the need for starter nutrients for hyphal growth and root colonization of AMF. In this study, N0.25PK (34.6 t ha−1) and N0.5PK (32.9 t ha−1) resulted in the highest yield during the long and the short-rain season, respectively, but there was still a yield gap of 11.9 and 13.6 t ha−1 for the cultivar. Therefore, a combination of 90 kg N ha−1 and 100 kg K ha−1 with either 15 or 30 kg P ha−1 can increase sweet potato yield from 4.5 to >30 t ha−1. The results also show that to realize significance of AMF in nutrient depleted soils, starter nutrients should be included. PMID:28348569
RADISH CULTIVARS BRED AT VNIISSOK AND THEIR USE
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
M. I. Fedorova
2016-01-01
Full Text Available On the base of comparative assessment and average data estimation from 2010 to 2015, the characteristics of 11 cultivars bred at VNIISSOK were described regarding yield capacity and its components, variation, interdependencies at two sowing terms winter,spring time, direction of selection and cultivar uses at cultivar maintaining breeding program. Cultivar 'Koroleva Margo' is rather used in breeding program for yield capacity and taste qualities. Cultivar 'Sonata' is a source of such features as early maturity, valuable biochemical content and low nitrate accumulation. Cultivar 'Sofit' is known to bear early maturity and simultaneous seed maturation. 'Ariya' is a source of cylindrical root shape and early maturation. Cultivar 'Teplichnyi Gribovskyi' is used in breeding program for early maturation and simultaneous seed maturation. Cultivar 'Feya' bearsresistance to bolting and valuable biochemical substances. Cultivar 'Variant' has such features as root density, ability to grow under low lighting, short-term storability. Purple-red with white tips is a newmade cultivar 'Mavr' suitable for breeding program for valuable biochemical content, unusual root color, also bearing male sterile forms (MS for heterosis hybrid breeding. Out of all cultivars regarded, 'Mokhovskiy' is only a genetic source to breed radish forms with edible leaves. The positive weak dependence was revealed between cultivar biochemical characteristics, root weight, dry matter content, and nitrate content; whereas the positive middle dependence is revealed with sugar contents and negative dependence with ascorbic acid content. According to iochemical characteristics, the best cultivar population as 'Ariya', 'Sonata' (ascorbic acid; Mavr, Sonata, Variant (dry matter, sugars have been chosen. Cultivars 'Koroleva Margo', Pheya, Sonata, Sophit, Mokhovskiy are the initial breeding accessions for selection of new cultivar population, MS and MF lines needed for heterosis.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ronan Gualberto
1999-07-01
Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de seis cultivares de alface do tipo lisa (Babá de Verão, Brasil 303, Elisa, Karla, Lívia e Monalisa em três espaçamentos (25 x 20, 25 x 25 e 25 x 30 cm, cultivadas em sistema hidropônico 'NFT', realizou-se um experimento na Fazenda Experimental da Universidade de Marília (SP, no período de 23 de setembro a 21 de novembro de 1997. Foram avaliadas as características comprimento de caule, produção de matéria fresca por planta e por área e produção de matéria seca da parte aérea, da raiz e total. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 6 x 3, com três repetições. Não houve efeito significativo da interação entre cultivares e espaçamentos. As cultivares Babá de Verão, Lívia e Elisa se destacaram pela produção de matéria fresca e matéria seca total. As cultivares Monalisa e Karla mostraram-se menos suscetíveis ao pendoamento precoce, enquanto a 'Babá de Verão' foi a mais suscetível. Não foi verificada influência significativa dos espaçamentos sobre as características estudadas, exceto para a produção por área, onde independente das cultivares utilizadas, o espaçamento 25 x 20 propiciou uma produção de 4,465 Kg/m², superior aos demais espaçamentos utilizados. Assim. Produções significativamente inferiores foram obtidas nos tratamentos 25 x 25 cm e 25 x 30 cm: 3,583 e 3,304 Kg/m², respectivamente, devido à redução no número de plantas por m².An experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm, of Marília University, from September 23th 1997 to November 21st 1997 with the objective of evaluating the performance of six butterhead lettuce cultivars (Babá de Verão, Brasil 303, Elisa, Karla, Lívia and Monalisa in three spacings (25 x 20, 25 x 25 and 25 x 30 cm, cultivated under a hydroponic system 'NFT'. Stem length, fresh matter yield per plant and per area, and aerial part and root dry matter weight were
Yield and quality of strawberry cultivars Produtividade e qualidade de cultivares de morangueiro
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luis Eduardo C Antunes
2010-06-01
Full Text Available The strawberry cultivation is an important economic activity in the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, however the number of offered cultivars to the growers is reduced. The yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. cultivars Camarosa, Galexia, Earlibrite, Festival, Plarionfre and Sabrosa was evaluated under the climatic conditions of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State. We determined the number, mass, total soluble solids (TSS ºBrix, total titratable acidity (TTA, antocianin level and fresh fruits produced in an experimental unit. We also determined the production of fruits per hectare and per plant. The statistical design used in the experiment was of completely randomized blocks with 6 treatments (cultivars and 4 replicates where the experimental unit was composed of 8 plants. The harvest began in the first half of August, extending to the second half of December, totalling 20 weeks. Plarionfre, Earlibrite and Festival cultivars showed higher production from the first half of October until the end of the first half of November. Camarosa reached higher productivity, mass of plants and fruit weight. There were no differences between the evaluated cultivars in the levels of TSS, antocianin, ATT and pH during the period of evaluation.No estado do Rio Grande do Sul o cultivo do morangueiro é uma atividade econômica importante, entretanto o número de cultivares disponíveis no mercado é bastante reduzido. Assim buscou-se com este trabalho avaliar a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos de cultivares de morangueiro (Fragaria x ananassa Duch., Camarosa, Galexia, Earlibrite, Festival, Plarionfre e Sabrosa, cultivados nas condições climáticas e de solo do município de Pelotas, RS. Determinaram-se, o número, massa fresca e teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST (expresso em ºBrix, acidez total titulável (ATT (expresso em % de ácido cítrico e teor de antocianinas, dos frutos produzidos por unidade experimental. Determinou
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rogério Peres Soratto
2008-08-01
Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da aplicação de calcário e gesso em superfície, na implantação do sistema plantio direto, sobre a produção de matéria seca e ciclagem de nutrientes pela aveia-preta, foi realizado um experimento, nos anos de 2003 e 2004, em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. O delineamento foi de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por quatro doses de calcário dolomítico (0, 1.100, 2.700 e 4.300kg ha-1 e as subparcelas pela aplicação ou não de 2.100kg ha-1 de gesso agrícola. Os tratamentos foram aplicados em outubro de 2002. A aplicação de calcário em superfície não afetou a produção de matéria seca da aveia-preta em sistema plantio direto, tanto na presença quanto na ausência de gesso. O teor de Ca e S-SO4(2- no solo e a absorção de S pela cultura da aveia-preta foram incrementados pela aplicação de gesso agrícola. Em ano com menor disponibilidade hídrica, a aplicação de gesso agrícola em superfície favoreceu a produção de matéria seca e aumentou os teores de N e Ca, e o acúmulo de N, Ca, Fe e Zn pela aveia-preta.In order to evaluate the influence of lime and phosphogypsum surface application, during establishment of no-tillage system, on black oat dry matter yield and nutrient cycling, an experiment was carried out during 2003 and 2004, on a Haplorthox. A randomized complete block design, in split-plot arrangement, and four replications was used. The plots consisted of four dolomitic limestone levels (0; 1,100; 2,700; and 4,300kg ha-1. The subplots were represented by presence or absence of phosphogypsum application (2,100kg ha-1. The treatments were applied in October 2002. Surface application of lime did not affect black oat dry matter yield in no-tillage system, in both presence and absence of phosphogypsum application. Phosphogypsum increased Ca and S-SO4(2- contents in soil and S uptake by black oat crop. In
He, W.M.; Shen, Y.; Cornelissen, J.H.C.
2012-01-01
Aims: The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that soil nutrient patchiness can differentially benefit the decomposition of root and shoot litters and that this facilitation depends on plant genotypes. Methods: We grew 15 cultivars (i. e. genotypes) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum
Pathogenic Streptomyces spp. abundance affected by potato cultivars.
Nahar, Kamrun; Goyer, Claudia; Zebarth, Bernie J; Burton, David L; Whitney, Sean
2018-04-16
Potato cultivars vary in their tolerance to common scab (CS), however how they affect CS-causing Streptomyces spp. populations over time is poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of potato cultivar on pathogenic Streptomyces spp. abundance, measured using quantitative PCR, in three spatial locations in a CS-infested field: 1) soil close to the plant (SCP); 2) rhizosphere (RS); and 3) geocaulosphere (GS) soils. Two tolerant (Gold Rush, Hindenburg) and two susceptible cultivars (Green Mountain, Agria) were tested. The abundance of pathogenic Streptomyces spp. significantly increased in late August compared with other dates in RS of susceptible cultivars in both years. Abundance of pathogenic Streptomyces spp., when averaged over locations and time, was significantly greater in susceptible cultivars compared with tolerant cultivars in 2014. Principal coordinates analysis showed that SCP and RS soil properties (pH, organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations) explained 68% and 76% of total variation in Streptomyces spp. abundance among cultivars in 2013, respectively, suggesting that cultivars influenced CS pathogen growth conditions. The results suggested that the genetic background of potato cultivars influenced the abundance of pathogenic Streptomyces spp., with 5 to 6 times more abundant Streptomyces spp. in RS of susceptible cultivars compared with tolerant cultivars, which would result in substantially more inoculum left in the field after harvest. .
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rogério Faria Vieira
2008-06-01
Full Text Available Mungbean cultivar MGS Esmeralda was developed by Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (Shanhua, Taiwan, as a result of crossing between the lines VC 1973A and VC 2768A. In ten trials conducted in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, it produced 13.5% more grains than 'Ouro Verde MG-2' (control cultivar, and its highest yield was 2,550 kg ha-1. The cultivar MGS Esmeralda is more susceptible to lodging, and its pods mature more uniformly than Ouro Verde MG-2 pods. One hundred-seed mass of 'MGS Esmeralda' ranged between 5.5 and 6.8 g. Both cultivars are susceptible to powdery mildew and cercospora leaf spot.A cultivar de mungo-verde MGS Esmeralda foi criada pelo Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, localizado em Shanhua, Formosa. Ela é resultado do cruzamento entre as linhagens VC 1973A e VC 2768A. Em dez ensaios conduzidos em Minas Gerais, ela produziu 13,5% mais grãos do que a cultivar Ouro Verde MG-2 (testemunha, e sua produtividade mais alta foi 2.550 kg ha-1. A cultivar MGS Esmeralda é mais suscetível ao acamamento do que a Ouro Verde MG-2, mas suas vagens amadurecem mais uniformemente. A massa de 100 grãos da 'MGS Esmeralda' varia de 5,5 a 6,8 g. Ambas as cultivares são suscetíveis ao oídio e à cercosporiose.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ali Joghatay
2015-11-01
Full Text Available To study the effect of nano iron and solupotass on agronomic and physiological traits of two onion cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in complete randomized block design with 32 treatments and three replications in Joghatai of Khorasan-e- Razavi province, Iran. Treatments consisted of two onion cultivars (red, yellow and four levels (0, 1, 2, 3 kg per hectare of nano iron chelat and four levels of solupotass (0, 5, 10, 15 kg per hectare. Results showed that the effect of nano iron and solupotasse on fresh weight, dry weight, pyrovic acid and macro element (N, P, S contents were significant at %1 levels. Application nano iron, solupotasse to red onion cultivar increased dry weight significantly at the %5 level. Highest onion weight was obtained by using 2 kg nano iron and 15 kg solupotasse (17.3 g. Use of nano iron and solupotasse highly increased the pyruvic acid percentage (1.07 mM. Highest rate of pyruvic acid obtained by application of 3 and 15 kg nano iron and solupotasse respectively. Application of nano iron on the sulfur and nitrogen contents of onion were significant. Use of 2 kg/ha of nano iron exhibited highest increase in these elements. Thus, soil application of 10 kg/ha solupotasse, 3 kg/ha nano iron would highly increase red onion traits mentioned above.
Barkla, Bronwyn J
2016-09-08
Modern day agriculture practice is narrowing the genetic diversity in our food supply. This may compromise the ability to obtain high yield under extreme climactic conditions, threatening food security for a rapidly growing world population. To identify genetic diversity, tolerance mechanisms of cultivars, landraces and wild relatives of major crops can be identified and ultimately exploited for yield improvement. Quantitative proteomics allows for the identification of proteins that may contribute to tolerance mechanisms by directly comparing protein abundance under stress conditions between genotypes differing in their stress responses. In this review, a summary is provided of the data accumulated from quantitative proteomic comparisons of crop genotypes/cultivars which present different stress tolerance responses when exposed to various abiotic stress conditions, including drought, salinity, high/low temperature, nutrient deficiency and UV-B irradiation. This field of research aims to identify molecular features that can be developed as biomarkers for crop improvement, however without accurate phenotyping, careful experimental design, statistical robustness and appropriate biomarker validation and verification it will be challenging to deliver what is promised.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Bronwyn J. Barkla
2016-09-01
Full Text Available Modern day agriculture practice is narrowing the genetic diversity in our food supply. This may compromise the ability to obtain high yield under extreme climactic conditions, threatening food security for a rapidly growing world population. To identify genetic diversity, tolerance mechanisms of cultivars, landraces and wild relatives of major crops can be identified and ultimately exploited for yield improvement. Quantitative proteomics allows for the identification of proteins that may contribute to tolerance mechanisms by directly comparing protein abundance under stress conditions between genotypes differing in their stress responses. In this review, a summary is provided of the data accumulated from quantitative proteomic comparisons of crop genotypes/cultivars which present different stress tolerance responses when exposed to various abiotic stress conditions, including drought, salinity, high/low temperature, nutrient deficiency and UV-B irradiation. This field of research aims to identify molecular features that can be developed as biomarkers for crop improvement, however without accurate phenotyping, careful experimental design, statistical robustness and appropriate biomarker validation and verification it will be challenging to deliver what is promised.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lúcia Sadayo Assari Takahashi
2009-09-01
Full Text Available O gênero Anthurium Schott. (Araceae compreende mais de 600 espécies. Todas são ornamentais e se destacam pela beleza da folhagem. A espécie Anthurium andraeanum Lind. tem a preferência dos consumidores como planta ornamental devido ao tamanho e colorido de suas espatas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento, em vaso, de cinco cultivares de A. andraeanum em Londrina, Norte do Paraná. As cultivares 'Parakanã', 'Terena', 'Apalai', 'Ianomami' e 'Rubi' foram produzidas por meio de micropropagação e selecionadas pelo Instituto Agronômico (IAC. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em estufa tipo arco com 80% de sombreamento obtido por tela de polipropileno de cor preta. Foi plantada uma muda por vaso plástico com volume de quatro litros usando como substrato fibra de coco tipo 80. A avaliação do desempenho comparativo foi iniciada, a partir do transplante das mudas. O comprimento do pecíolo, o número de folhas, a largura e o comprimento das espatas e o comprimento da haste floral foram avaliados mensalmente. Houve aumento na altura e no número de folhas das plantas nos três anos de cultivo. As cultivares 'Parakanã', 'Rubi', 'Terena' e 'Apalai' floresceram e tiveram maior desenvolvimento vegetativo sendo recomendadas para o cultivo em vasos no Norte do Paraná.The genus Anthurium Schott. (Araceae comprehends more than 600 species. All species are ornamental and are distinguished by the beauty of their foliage. The Anthurium andraeanum Lind. has the preference of the public as an ornamental plant because of the color and size of its spathes. The objective of this work was to evaluate of five cultivars of A. andraeanum, as vessel plant, in the northern region of Paraná State. The cultivars 'Parakanã', 'Terena', 'Apalai', 'Ianomami' and 'Rubi' produced by micropropagation by Instituto Agronômico (IAC were analyzed. The study was conducted at greenhouse with 80% of shade given by a black colored polypropylene screen. One seedling
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Manoel Albino Coelho de Miranda
2003-01-01
Full Text Available A cultivar de soja IAC-23 foi obtida pelo método genealógico modificado, a partir do cruzamento BR-6 X IAC 83-23, tendo sido avaliada com a designação IAC 93-345, em 14 ambientes, nos Estados de São Paulo e de Minas Gerais. Os ensaios finais foram desenvolvidos em Conceição das Alagoas (MG, Mococa (SP e Campinas (SP, em 1994/95; em Conceição das Alagoas, Campinas, Morro Agudo (SP e Tarumã (SP em 1995/96; Conceição das Alagoas, Mococa, Campinas, Morro Agudo, Tarumã e Ribeirão Preto (SP, em 1996/97; e em Campinas em 1998/99. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Em semeaduras de novembro, esse cultivar precoce, com período juvenil longo, floresceu aos 43 dias, após a semeadura, e suas plantas atingiram 67 cm de estatura. A duração entre a emergência das plântulas e o estádio de maturação (R-8 foi de 106 dias, dentro do grupo de maturação precoce. O rendimento médio de grãos foi de 3.017 kg.ha-1. As plantas na maturação apresentam pubescência marrom e sementes amarelas com hilo marrom. Essa cultivar apresenta resistência às doenças pústula-bacteriana (Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines, fogo-selvagem (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, cancro-da-haste (Diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis e mancha-café ("soybean mosaic virus", SMV. Apresenta também resistência a insetos mastigadores e sugadores, semelhante à cultivar IAC-17 e superior à IAS-5. A produtividade e estabilidade apresentadas pela cultivar IAC-23 sugerem sua indicação para condições edafoclimáticas similares às dos experimentos realizados.The breeding line IAC 93-345(IAC-23 was selected from the cross BR-6 XIAC 83-23 through single seed descent method (SSD to increase insect resistance, and was evaluated at fourteen environments at São Paulo (SP and Minas Gerais (MG States: Conceição das Alagoas (MG, Mococa and Campinas (SP (1994/95; in Conceição das Alagoas, Mococa, Campinas, Morro Agudo, Tarumã and
Cadmium accumulation in different rice cultivars and screening for pollution-safe cultivars of rice.
Yu, Hui; Wang, Junli; Fang, Wei; Yuan, Jiangang; Yang, Zhongyi
2006-11-01
Large areas of contaminated land are being used for agricultural production in some countries due to the high demand for food. To minimize the influx of pollutants to the human food chain through consumption of agricultural products, we propose the concept of pollution-safe cultivars (PSCs), i.e. cultivars whose edible parts accumulate a specific pollutant at a level low enough for safe consumption, even when grown in contaminated soil. We tested the feasibility of the PSC concept by growing 43 cultivars of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L., including 20 normal and 23 hybrid cultivars) under a high (75.69-77.55 mg kg(-1)) and a low (1.75-1.85 mg kg(-1)) cadmium (Cd) exposure. These pot experiments took place in the spring and summer of 2004. At the low level of Cd exposure, 30 out of the 43 tested cultivars were found to be Cd-PSCs. Grain Cd concentrations were highly correlated (price grain is genotype-dependent and that the selection of PSCs is possible, at least at a certain level of soil contamination. No Cd-PSCs were found under the high level of Cd exposure. Yield was enhanced in some cultivars and depressed in others in response to elevated soil Cd, indicating that farmers cannot rely on yield depression as an indicator of toxicity of the grains. It is therefore important and feasible to screen for PSCs and to establish PSC breeding programs to effectively and efficiently reduce the risk of human exposure to soil pollutants, such as Cd, through crop consumption.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luís Henrique Bassoi
2001-03-01
Full Text Available A distribuição radicular de duas cultivares de aspargo (New Jersey 220 e UC 157 F1, irrigadas por aspersão convencional, foi avaliada durante o ano de 1997 em solos de textura arenosa, em plantio experimental e comercial, respectivamente, nos Projetos de Irrigação de Bebedouro e Senador Nilo Coelho, em Petrolina (PE. O objetivo foi obter informações do sistema radicular do aspargo, empregando-se os métodos do monolito e do perfil de solo auxiliado pela análise de imagens digitais, para o manejo de solo e água nesse cultivo. Na área experimental, a maior parte da matéria seca, área e comprimento de raízes no perfil de solo e densidade de comprimento radicular foram encontradas até a profundidade de 0,4 m nas duas cultivares, enquanto que na comercial a maior parte da área e comprimento de raízes no perfil do solo estendeu-se até a profundidade de 0,6 m (cv. New Jersey 220. Nesses dois plantios, as raízes das cultivares atingiram a profundidade de 1 m. Na área experimental, a massa seca, a área e o comprimento no perfil de solo, e a densidade de comprimento radicular nas cultivares concentraram-se até a distância de 0,6 m à linha de plantas. No intervalo de diâmetro (d de raízes 2In 1997 the root distribution of two asparagus cultivars (New Jersey 220 and UC 157 F1 irrigated by sprinkler was evaluated in coarse textured soils in experimental and commercial areas at Petrolina county, in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, to obtain useful information for soil and water management. Both the monolith and the soil profile aided by digital image analysis methods were used to evaluate it. In the experimental area, a greater concentration of root dry weight, root area and length in the soil profile and root length density were found up to 04 m depth for both cultivars, while in commercial area the root area and length of cv. New Jersey 220 were concentrated until 0,6 m depth. Roots reached 1 m depth in both areas. In
Caracterização morfológica e qualidade fisiológica de cultivares de sementes de gergelim
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Edevaldo da Silva
2014-09-01
Full Text Available O gergelim é uma cultura oleaginosa adaptada às condições semiáridas de diversas partes do mundo e a demanda pelas suas sementes e produtos está crescendo a níveis nacional e internacional. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar e comparar as características morfológicas e a qualidade fisiológica de dois cultivares de sementes de gergelim (BRS Seda e IAC China produzidos no Brasil. Foram determinadas as seguintes características biométricas das sementes: comprimento, largura, espessura, alongamento em três orientações, diâmetro médio geométrico, área superficial, volume, esfericidade e densidade volumétrica. Assim como as variáveis relacionadas ao vigor e qualidades fisiológicas do processo germinativo: percentual de germinação de plântulas normais e anormais, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação e crescimento médio no período de 24h, 72h, 120h, 168h. De acordo com os resultados, as sementes dos dois cultivares de gergelim avaliado possuem algumas características morfológicas estatisticamente semelhantes. Entretanto, houveram diferenças significativas quanto ao percentual germinativo e ao crescimento das plântulas, onde, apesar de ambos apresentarem boa qualidade e vigor fisiológico, as sementes do cultivar IAC China apresentaram melhores resultados.
Esterase polymorphism marking cultivars of Manihot esculenta, Crantz
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adriana Gazoli Resende
2004-07-01
Full Text Available Esterase isozymes were used to detected substrate-preference polymorphism in twenty cultivars of Manihot esculenta, and to show cultivar-specific variation of this species. A relatively complex extraction solution of proteins from leaves was needed to show a larger number of esterase isozymes. Similarity between cultivars from six groups ranged from 51 to 96%. The cultivars identified by the same name seemed to be biochemically different regarding esterase isozymes. Esterase isozyme electrophoretic patterns could, therefore, be used to discriminate the cultivars identified by the same name, and to monitor the vegetative propagation of cultivars maintained in the germplasm collection. In breeding strategies, isoesterase analysis could be used to avoid intercrossing between the similar genotypes.Isoenzimas esterases foram usadas no presente estudo, para detectar polimorfismos específicos para diferentes substratos em vinte cultivares de Manihot esculenta, e para mostrar variações específicas de cultivares nesta espécie. Os diferentes cultivares de M. esculenta tem sido mantidos na coleção de germoplasma do Departamento de Agronomia da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (Maringá, PR, e foram provenientes de cultivares tradicionais coletados nas regiões sudoeste e noroeste do Estado. Foi necessário a utilização de uma solução de extração de proteínas relativamente mais complexa, para evidenciar um maior número de isoenzimas esterases. A similaridade entre os cultivares variou de 51 a 96%. Cultivares identificados pelo mesmo nome parecem ser bioquimicamente diferentes para as isoenzimas esterases. Os padrões eletroforéticos das isoesterases podem, portanto, serem usados para discriminar os cultivares que são identificados pelo mesmo nome, e para monitorar a propagação vegetativa dos cultivares mantidos na coleção de germoplasma. A análise das isoesterases pode também ser usada para evitar cruzamentos entre genótipos mais
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Claudia Regina Vieira
1999-07-01
Full Text Available Seis cultivares de soja (Glycine max L. Merrill: IAS-4, EMBRAPA-4, Davis, BR-16, Iguaçu e IAS-5, destinadas à alimentação humana, foram caracterizadas quanto à composição centesimal, conteúdo de aminoácidos, ácidos graxos e minerais. Os teores de fibra, proteína e óleo variaram significativamente nas amostras analisadas, enquanto que os teores de cinzas não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Com relação aos teores de minerais, o potássio foi o que obteve o maior valor, 1.824,02 mg/100 g para a cultivar Iguaçu, ficando a EMBRAPA-4 com o maior teor de cálcio, 313,93 mg/100 g. Para a composição em ácidos graxos, notou-se que a cultivar IAS-5 apresentou o maior teor de insaturados, 87,45%, enquanto que a Davis, o menor, 83,93%. A cultivar EMBRAPA-4 apresentou um teor de ácido oléico maior e de linoléico e linolênico bem menores que as demais cultivares estudadas, 39,93%, 42,46% e 4,64%, respectivamente. Os demais ácidos graxos estão de acordo com os valores encontrados na literatura no tocante a óleo de soja. Todas as cultivares estudadas apresentaram excelente balanço em aminoácidos essenciais (AAE. Os teores de cada AAE foram superiores aos da proteína padrão estabelecido pela FAO/WHO, com valor total de AAE variando de 39,5 a 45,0 g/100 g de proteína.Six soybean cultivars (Glycine max L. Merrill: IAS-4, EMBRAPA-4, Davis, BR-16, Iguaçu and IAS-5, for human consumption were characterized regarding their proximate composition and amino acid, fatty acids and mineral contents. Significant differences were observed among these varieties concerning their contents of protein, oil and fiber. However, their ash content did not show significant differences. Regarding the mineral composition, the cultivars Iguaçu and EMBRAPA-4 presented, respectively, the highest levels of potassium (1824.02 mg/100 g and calcium (313.93 mg/100 g. It was observed that the cultivar IAS-5 presented the highest level of unsaturated fatty
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sony Suhandono
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Interactions between plants and endophytic bacteria are mutualistic. Plant provides nutrient for bacteria, and bacteria will protect the plant from pathogen, help the phytohormone synthesis and nitrogen fixation, and also increase absorption of minerals. These bacteria called plant growth-promoting bacteria. The aim for this study is to identify endophytic bacteria on rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L. cultivar Binjai with 16S rRNA. Sequencing results showed that the bacteria is derived from genus Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Chryseobacterium, Staphylococcus and Curtobacterium, which suspected play a role as plant growth-promoting bacteria.
Lee, Yu Young; Park, Hyang Mi; Hwang, Tae Young; Kim, Sun Lim; Kim, Mi Jung; Lee, Seuk Ki; Seo, Min Jung; Kim, Kee Jong; Kwon, Young-Up; Lee, Sang Chul; Kim, Yul Ho
2015-03-15
Tocopherols are crucial lipid-soluble antioxidants and essential nutrients. There is increasing interest in the biofortification of crops with vitamin E for reducing micronutrient malnutrition. However, relatively little is known about the development of soybean cultivars with high levels of tocopherol through combined breeding. Tocopherol contents of seeds and germinating seeds of 28 Korean soybean cultivars were analyzed and evaluated for health-promoting activities. Total tocopherol concentrations ranged from 203.9 to 503.1 µg g⁻¹ in seeds and from 20.1 to 230.1 µg g⁻¹ in germinating seeds. The traditional landraces of HaNagari (HN, 503.1 µg g⁻¹), Orialtae (OL, 486.6 µg g⁻¹), SuMoktae (SM, 476.5 µg g⁻¹) and SoRitae (SR, 475.5 µg g⁻¹) showed high levels of tocopherol content. The contents of the four isomers of tocopherol in seeds and germinating seeds were correlated with lipid peroxidation. The γ- and δ-tocopherol contents in seeds were related to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity (0.434; P tocopherol content was higher in soybean landraces as compared with modern cultivars developed by cross-breeding. These results suggest that soybean breeding is necessary to increase tocopherol levels. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zbigniew Borecki
2013-12-01
Full Text Available The severe winter which occurred in Poland in 1986-1987 damaged the most part of scab resistant apple cultivars and selected apple hybrids. Cold hardiness studied in 1987 and 1988 showed significant differences in degree of frost injury on stem, branches, twigs and buds of apple trees. Two scab-resistance cultivars, namely Florina and Sir Prize, as well as two check culuvars, Idared and Golden Delicious, were killed by frost. Strong damages were noted in cultivars: Prima, Primula, and Priam. Lower susceptibility showed: Jonafree, Gavin, Liberty Sister and three hybrids selected from crosses of Bankroft with scab-resistant Primula. Relatively frost resistant was Novamac and three hybrids of U-breeding line: U-1101 and U-50, originated from crosses of polish culrivar Fantazja (McIntosh x Linda with Primula, Highest resistance to frost showed cultivars: Freedom. Liberty. new polish cultivar Witos (Fantazja x Primula and three hybrids: U-337, U-237 and U-1098. During the 1987 and 1988 seasons severe infection of apple trees by numerous fungi was noted. Twelve species of isolated fungi were identified as pathogens of apple trees bark and wood.
Effect of Short Term NaCl Stress on Cultivars of S. lycopersicum: A Comparative Biochemical Approach
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Chaitali Roy
2014-03-01
Full Text Available Tomato is a crop plant with high fruit nutritive value and other useful properties. The cultivation of this species is dependent on many environmental factors, e.g. temperature, salinity, nutrients etc, affecting the yield and reproductive potential of the plant. Salinity in soil or water is of increasing importance to agriculture because it causes stress to crop plants. Plants exposed to an excess amount of salts such as NaCl undergo osmotic stress, water deficit and ionic imbalances and can increase production of reactive oxygen species(ROS. Higher plants possess very efficient enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defense mechanisms that allow the scavenging of ROS and protection of cellular components from oxidative damage. Studies were conducted to investigate the effect of short term salinity stress on some physiological alterations in three tomato cultivars Pusa Ruby(PR, Punjab Keshari (PK and Ailsa Craig(AC. Some biochemical parameters (anthocyanin and carotenoeid content, polyamines, proline, cysteine, peroxidase and malondialdehyde were set and applied at two month old stage of tomato plants. Three tomato cultivars were grown in 0.5xMS for 2 months and at this stage, they were treated with 0 and 200mM NaCl for a short period of six hours in hydroponic conditions. The genotypes exhibited different responses in terms of different osmoprotectant, antioxidant, and pigment level. The relationships among the salinity and accumulation of these compounds in leaf were then determined. It was concluded that, tomato cultivars under study responded differently showing their sensitivity or tolerance to salinity stress. Among three cultivars PK appeared to be more tolerant genotype than the other two cultivars PR and AC. PK could rapidly evolve physiological and antioxidant mechanisms to adapt to salt and manage the oxidative stress. The research was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications.
Sensitivity of tomato cultivars to sulfur dioxide
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Howe, T.K.; Woltz, S.S.
1982-04-01
The sensitivity of 26 cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were compared at 2 concentrations of SO/sub 2/in specially designed exposure greenhouses. Cultivars studied included fresh market, processing, and specialty types. Insensitive and sensitive cultivars were identified by assessment of acute SO/sub 2/-induced foliar necrosis. Cultivars found to be insensitive to SO/sub 2/ included: 'Ace', 'Bonanza', 'Heinz 1350', 'Tarquinia Tondino', and 'VF 145-B 7879'. Cultivars found to be sensitive to SO/sub 2/ included: 'Bellarina', 'Chico III', 'Flora-Dade', 'Red Cherry Large' 'Sub-Arctic Delight', and 'Vetomold. 10 figures, 1 table.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
H. Doulati Baneh
2016-07-01
index and leaf area differs significantly among tested cultivars. The highest and the lowest chlorophyll index were observed in Rasha and Keshmeshi Qermez cultivars, respectively. Fe chelate consumption up to 7.5 mg/kg significantly increased chlorophyll, leaf area, shoots growth and fresh weight of shoot and root compared to the control. The highest leaf area was related to Rasha cultivar in 7.5 mg/kg treatment. In all tested cultivars by increasing Fe concentration to 15 mg/kg, leaf area was decreased. According to the laboratory results, there was a significant difference in the concentrations of some macro and micro nutrient of leaves among tested cultivars. The highest amount of K, Fe, Mn and Zn was recorded in leaves of Rasha cultivar. Qezel uzum has also the highest P, N, Ca, Mg and Cu in its leaves. Application of 7.5 Fe mg /Kg soil increased calcium, magnesium and copper concentrations in leaves of Rasha cultivar and nitrogen concentration in Qezel uzum cultivar. In Keshmeshi Qermez cultivar, the sensitive cultivar to iron chlorosis, iron chelate consumption up to 7.5 Fe mg /Kg soil increased nitrogen, zinc and copper concentrations. Increase in iron consumption up to 15 mg/Kg soil caused significant increase in copper concentration. Among the study cultivars, Rasha significantly absorbed the highest iron, zinc, manganese and potassium from the soil and did not show iron chlorosis, so it can be as a suitable rootstock with respect to iron chlorosis. Conclusion: In this study we have studied the influence Fe-chelate on some features of three Iranian grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L grown in calcareous soils. Our findings confirm the variable response of native grapevines to bicarbonate-induced iron deficiency. The most susceptible cultivar, Keshmeshi Qermez, have been very impaired by the calcareous soil; it produced less shoot growth and dry matter since these factors of the tolerant cultivars was decreased very little. The different behavior of potted
Weigt, Dorota; Kiel, Angelika; Nawraca?a, Jerzy; Pluta, Mateusz; ?acka, Agnieszka
2016-01-01
Solid-stemmed spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) are resistant to the stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) and lodging. Anthers of 24 spring wheat cultivars with varying content of pith in the stem were used in the experiment. All were classified into three groups: solid, medium?solid and hollow stems. There was considerable influence of the cultivar on callus formation and green plant regeneration. The highest efficiency of green plant regeneration (24%) was observed for the solid-s...
Adaptation of cotton cultivars | Wondimu | African Crop Science ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
For each cultivar a linear regression of yield on the mean yield of all cultivars for each year was computed to measure cultivar adaptation. The cultivars with the highest mean yield exhibited a similar degree of adaptation to different environments with regression coefficient close to 1.0. For example, the breeding lines, Acala ...
CULTIVAR RELEASE - BRSMG União: common bean cultivar with jalo grain for the state of Minas Gerais
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho
2012-12-01
Full Text Available The bean cultivar BRSMG União as a new option of a bean cultivar with jalo grains for the state of Minas Gerais. The cultivar BRSMG União had an average grain yield of 9.8% above the mean of the controls (Jalo EEP 558 and BRS Radiante and was resistant to powdery-mildew.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO PÓS-COLHEITA DE SEIS CULTIVARES DE CARAMBOLA (Averrhoa carambola L.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
TEIXEIRA GUSTAVO HENRIQUE DE ALMEIDA
2001-01-01
Full Text Available Avaliaram-se as qualidades física e química dos frutos de seis cultivares de carambola (Averrhoa carambola L., propagadas pela Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro, São Paulo, objetivando a obtenção de informações sobre a qualidade dos frutos produzidos nesta região. Foram utilizados frutos das cultivares Tean-ma, Fwang Tung, Arkin, Malásia, Golden Star e Nota-10. Os frutos foram analisados quanto à massa fresca, comprimento, largura, volume, porcentagem de suco, polpa e semente, número de sementes, coloração (L, Cromaticidade e ângulo Hue. Na polpa, determinou-se o pH, assim como o teor de umidade, sólidos solúveis totais (SST, acidez total titulável (ATT, vitamina C, açúcares solúveis totais e redutores, cinzas, proteína, pectina total e solúvel, e minerais (Ca, P, K, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente através de um delineamento inteiramente casualizado e revelaram que os melhores frutos são os originários das cultivares Arkin, Tean-ma e Nota-10, pois são os maiores, os mais pesados e apresentam os maiores teores de sólidos solúveis totais (SST e açúcares solúveis (AST, assim como boa relação SST/ATT. Os frutos da 'Arkin' mostraram coloração mais amarela, enquanto os da 'Golden Star' foram considerados de coloração mais clara, ou com maior translucidez. A textura foi menor nos frutos da 'Arkin', e se relacionou com a maior solubilização de suas pectinas
Morphological, mechanical and antioxidant properties of Portuguese almond cultivars
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Oliveira, Ivo; Meyer, Anne S.; Afonso, Silvia
2018-01-01
The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological (of fruit and kernel), mechanical (namely shell rupture force) and antioxidant properties (including phenolics and flavonoid content) of five Portuguese almond cultivars, comparing them with two commercial cultivars (Glorieta and Ferragnès). Of ...... high kernel weight, low percentages of double kernels or losses during shelling and considerable higher phenolics and flavonoids content may be considered by industry during selection of almond.......). Of the analyzed traits, nut and kernel dimensions varied substantially and were used to describe cultivars. However, some traditional cultivars recorded similar (Pegarinhos), or even higher (Amendoão, Casanova and Refêgo) nut and kernel weight than commercial cultivars. Furthermore, shelling percentage...... of traditional cultivar (Bonita) was higher than commercial cultivars. Rupture force necessary to break fruits of all traditional cultivars was higher than commercial ones, and was correlated to nut weight cultivars. The phenolics, flavonoids content and antioxidants were higher for Casanova. Parameters like...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
D.F Biffe
2010-12-01
Full Text Available É importante avaliar a tolerância de variedade de mandioca a novas alternativas de controle químico, com o intuito de ampliar as opções disponíveis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência, para duas importantes variedades de mandioca cultivadas no Estado do Paraná. Os herbicidas e respectivas doses (g i.a. ha-1 avaliadas foram: diuron (400 e 800, metribuzin (360 e 720, isoxaflutole (60, atrazine (720, S-metolachlor (1.920 e as misturas ametryn + clomazone (1.350+1.900, ametryn+trifluralin (1.500+1.350, isoxaflutole+metribuzin (60+320, isoxaflutole+diuron (60+400, combinados com uso de uma testemunha dupla adjacente a cada tratamento. Os cultivares utilizados neste trabalho foram Fécula Branca e Fibra. Apenas o herbicida S-metolachlor, para ambos os cultivares, e metribuzin (360 g i.a. ha-1, para o cultivar Fibra, não provocaram injúrias. Atrazine provocou redução de estande para o cultivar Fécula Branca aos 60 DAP, mas não foi detectada redução na altura de plantas. Tanto atrazine (para os dois cultivares quanto diuron na dose de 800 g i.a. ha-1 (para o cultivar Fécula Branca afetaram a produtividade de raízes. Dessa forma, atrazine foi considerado não seletivo para ambos os cultivares, e a maior dose de diuron foi também considerada não seletiva para o cultivar Fécula Branca. Há diferenças de tolerância entre os cultivares, sendo o Fibra, de modo geral, mais tolerante aos herbicidas avaliados.It is important to evaluate the tolerance of cassava varieties under new weed chemical control alternatives. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides, applied at pre-emergence, for two important cassava varieties grown in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The herbicides and respective doses (g a.i. ha-1 were: diuron (400 and 800, metribuzin (360 and 720, isoxaflutole (60, atrazine (720, S-metolachlor (1,920 and mixtures ametryn+clomazone (1
Use of bioactivator, biostimulant and complex of nutrients in soybean seeds
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
José Adolfo Binsfeld
2014-03-01
Full Text Available New discoveries have stimulated the use of different substances with physiologic effects, in order to develop agricultural crops. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating seeds treated with biostimulant, bioactivator and nutrients, in the initial development of soybean seeds. Two lots of seeds (high and low vigor, BMX Potência RR cultivar were used. The products tested were an insecticide with bioactivator effect, a plant growth regulator with biostimulant effect, a complex of nutrients and a control. Under laboratory conditions, the parameters water content, germination, first germination counting, accelerated aging, cold test, length and dry matter weight of seedlings were evaluated. Under greenhouse conditions, evaluations included emergence, emergence speed index, length and dry matter weight of seedlings. The efficiency of the products tested was affected by the seed physiologic quality, with a more pronounced effect for the products in high vigor lots. In general, the treatment with best results for initial performance was the complex of nutrients, followed by the plant growth regulator with biostimulant effect. The bioactivator had negative effect on seeds germination and seedling development.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alexandre Paiva da Silva
2009-10-01
Full Text Available A demanda nutricional do abacaxizeiro é alta em relação à de outras culturas e depende do cultivar, do peso do fruto, do destino da produção, do sistema e da densidade de plantio, e a variação desses fatores nem sempre está contemplada nas tabelas de adubação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um Sistema de Recomendação de Fertilizantes e Corretivos para a Cultura do Abacaxi (FERTCALC-Abacaxi, elaborado a partir da sistematização e modelagem de informações de literatura e do conhecimento atual sobre adubação e nutrição mineral da cultura. O FERTCALC-Abacaxi baseia-se no método do balanço nutricional e está subdividido em dois subsistemas: o subsistema requerimento, que contempla a demanda pela planta, considerando a eficiência de recuperação dos nutrientes aplicados e uma dose para atender o critério de "sustentabilidade", e o subsistema suprimento, que compreende a oferta de nutrientes pela calagem, pelo solo, pela matéria orgânica e pelos resíduos orgânicos. Simulações realizadas com o FERTCALC-Abacaxi mostraram que o Sistema recomenda maiores doses para o cultivar Pérola em relação ao Smooth Cayenne, para plantios mais adensados e para obtenção de frutos mais pesados. Diferentemente das tabelas, as doses variaram de forma contínua com a produtividade esperada e com o teor de nutrientes no solo, sendo maiores no primeiro em relação ao segundo cultivo. Por contemplar na sua estrutura maior número de fatores envolvidos na resposta da cultura à adubação, a exemplo da produtividade esperada, do cultivar, do peso do fruto, do sistema e da densidade de plantio, e considerar a contribuição dos resíduos orgânicos do cultivo anterior, o FERTCALC-Abacaxi constitui-se numa alternativa mais versátil para recomendar doses de fertilizantes e corretivos para o abacaxizeiro, embora precise ser aperfeiçoado em futuras versões e ter seu desempenho avaliado em condições práticas.The nutritional demand of
VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN PEAR WITH QUINCE AND DIFFERENT APPLICATION FORMS OF NUTRIENTS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
FABIANE NUNES SILVEIRA
Full Text Available ABSTRACT The pear consumption in Brazil is significant and the country is dependent on the import of this fruit to meet the internal market. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vegetative growth of European pear trees grafted on quince with two application forms of nutrients. The study was conducted during the 2012/13, 2013/14 and 2014/15 harvests, in the experimental area of the Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina / UDESC, in Lages. The cultivars used were Rocha, Santa Maria and Abbé Fétel. The quinces were ‘Adams’ and ‘EMA’. The application forms of the nutrients were conventional and fertigation. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design and the arrangement of treatments was sub subdivided plots. The application form of nutrients and rootstocks of quince little influenced on the vegetative growth of the plants, being more influenced by the scion in the soil conditions of this study.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Elisângela Corradini
2009-09-01
Full Text Available O consumo da água de coco verde, in natura ou industrializada, vem gerando um grande problema ambiental, devido ao destino final da casca dos frutos. Aproximadamente 85% do peso bruto do coco verde é constituído pelas cascas, que são acumuladas em lixões ou às margens de estradas. Como a minimização da geração desse resíduo implicaria a redução da atividade produtiva associada, o seu aproveitamento torna-se uma necessidade. Neste sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as características da fibra de coco verde de diversos cultivares em função do ponto de colheita dos frutos, na composição química, nas propriedades mecânicas e térmicas, como forma de contribuir para avaliar seu potencial de aplicação na elaboração de novos materiais. Os resultados mostraram que a variação da composição química em função da cultivar de coco verde foi na faixa de 37,2 ± 0,8% a 43,9±0,7% e de 31,5±0,1% a 37,4±0,5% para os teores de lignina e celulose, respectivamente. A composição química não variou significativamente em função do ponto de maturação para a fibra da cultivar Anão-Verde-de-Jiqui (AVeJ. A fibra de cultivares de coco verde e AVeJ em diferentes pontos de maturação apresentaram propriedades térmicas e mecânicas semelhantes, as quais são próximas das propriedades das fibras de coco maduro, demonstrando, portanto, um potencial equivalente para serem utilizadas como reforço em matrizes poliméricas.The consumption of water of green coconut in natura or industrialized has generated a large amount of residues that are disposed in landfills or in roadside. The husks residues correspond to around 85% of the weight of the fruit and present slow decomposition process. This environmental problem requires alternative solutions. In order to assessing to potential of the immature (green coconut fibers to be used as reinforcement material in polymer matrices, the chemical composition, thermal and mechanical
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nerinéia Dalfollo Ribeiro
2008-06-01
Full Text Available O valor nutricional e o potencial de uso agrícola de cultivares crioulas de feijão não têm sido suficientemente avaliados, sendo este o objetivo deste trabalho. O experimento foi conduzido nos anos agrícolas 2004/05 e 2005/06, em Santa Maria, RS, no delineamento experimental de látice triplo 6 x 6. Os tratamentos consistiram de 32 cultivares crioulas de feijão e quatro cultivares desenvolvidas pela pesquisa. Interação cultivar x ano foi observada em relação ao rendimento de grãos, à coloração do tegumento dos grãos e ao ciclo, evidenciando resposta diferenciada das cultivares crioulas aos anos de avaliação. Foi possível a identificação de cultivares crioulas com elevado potencial de rendimento de grãos, com coloração de tegumento de grãos adequada para os diferentes grupos comerciais, com precocidade e teor elevado de fibra alimentar. Nesse sentido, as cultivares crioulas - "21 INT-ps 1", "9 BR-ps 5", "9 BR-ps 15", "9 BR-ps 13", "9 BR-ps 7", "38 MO M-ps 11" e "36 BR MP-ps 14" - são promissoras para uso em programas de melhoramento genético devido ao elevado potencial de uso agrícola. A cultivar crioula "24 OP-ps 1" apresentou o maior teor de fibra alimentar e o seu potencial de uso como alimento funcional deve ser investigado.The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrition and the crop values of common bean land varieties. The experiments were conducted in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, in 2004/05 and 2005/06 cropping years, in a 6x6 triple lattice design. Treatments were composed of 32 common bean land varieties and four research-derived cultivars. Cultivar x environment interaction was detected for grain yield, seed coat color and cycle, what reveals a differential response of the land varieties to the different crop years. Land varieties were identified with high grain yield potential, commercially acceptable seed coat color from different commercial groups, early maturity and high dietary fiber content. '21
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Celso Luiz Hohmann
2011-01-01
Atago’,respectivamente. A viabilidade das pupas, no entanto, não foi influenciada pela cultivar; atingindo 93% em ambos os casos. Os períodos de preoviposição e incubação de lagartas alimentadas com ‘Atago’ foram 4,0 dias e 2,1 dias, respectivamente. A fecundidade foi de 524,7 ovos com viabilidade de 77% e a longevidade dos adultos foi de 12,9 dias. Não foram obtidas posturas de H. andremona criadas em laboratório sobre ‘Giombo’. As mariposas de H. andremona preferiram ovipositar em folhas situadas na metade superior da copa do caquizeiro.
Distinguishing Nonpareil marketing group almond cultivars through multivariate analyses.
Ledbetter, Craig A; Sisterson, Mark S
2013-09-01
More than 80% of the world's almonds are grown in California with several dozen almond cultivars available commercially. To facilitate promotion and sale, almond cultivars are categorized into marketing groups based on kernel shape and appearance. Several marketing groups are recognized, with the Nonpareil Marketing Group (NMG) demanding the highest prices. Placement of cultivars into the NMG is historical and no objective standards exist for deciding whether newly developed cultivars belong in the NMG. Principal component analyses (PCA) were used to identify nut and kernel characteristics best separating the 4 NMG cultivars (Nonpareil, Jeffries, Kapareil, and Milow) from a representative of the California Marketing Group (cultivar Carmel) and the Mission Marketing Group (cultivar Padre). In addition, discriminant analyses were used to determine cultivar misclassification rates between and within the marketing groups. All 19 evaluated carpological characters differed significantly among the 6 cultivars and during 2 harvest seasons. A clear distinction of NMG cultivars from representatives of the California and Mission Marketing Groups was evident from a PCA involving the 6 cultivars. Further, NMG kernels were successfully discriminated from kernels representing the California and Mission Marketing Groups with overall kernel misclassification of only 2% using 16 of the 19 evaluated characters. Pellicle luminosity was the most discriminating character, regardless of the character set used in analyses. Results provide an objective classification of NMG almond kernels, clearly distinguishing them from kernels of cultivars representing the California and Mission Marketing Groups. Journal of Food Science © 2013 Institute of Food Technologists® No claim to original US government works.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kanwal, H.; Shahbaz, M.; Ashraf, M.
2011-01-01
The present study was aimed to assess salt tolerance of some newly developed and candidate cultivars of wheat using gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Ten wheat cultivars including five newly developed (S-24, Saher-2006, Fsd-2008, Lasani and Inqlab-91) and five candidate (P .B-18, M.P-65, S.H-20, AARI-10 and G.A-20) were grown in sand culture. Salt stress (150 mM NaCl in Hoagland's nutrient solution) was applied at the seedling stage. A significant reduction in plant biomass production was recorded in all wheat cultivars. Cultivars S-24, Saher-2006 and Fsd-2008 showed less reduction in biomass production as compared with the other cultivars. Different gas exchange attributes such as leaf net photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate ( E), and stomatal conductance (gs) were also adversely affected due to salt stress and were positively associated with the plant biomass production of the genotypes under saline stress. More negative effects in relation to these gas exchange attributes were recorded in cvs. Lasani, G.A-20 and ARRI-10 than those in the other cultivars. Leaf maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fm), maximum fluorescence at steady state (Fms ), and photochemical fluorescence quenching (Qp) increased while maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of electron transport (Qp), electron transport rate ( ETR ) and non-photochemical quenching (Qn) decreased due to imposition of salt stress. The adverse effects of salt stress on these chlorophyll fluorescence attributes were minimum in cultivars S-24, Saher-2006 and Fsd-2008. A significant positive correlation was recorded between biomass production, different gas exchange attributes and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Overall, cvs. S-24, Saher-2006 and Fsd-2008 were ranked as salt tolerant on the basis of their performance in biomass production, gas exchange attributes and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. (author)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Claudia Regina Vieira
1999-07-01
Full Text Available Seis cultivares de soja (Glycine max L. Merrill: IAS-4, EMBRAPA-4, Davis, BR-16, Iguaçu e IAS-5, destinadas à alimentação humana, foram caracterizadas quanto à composição centesimal, conteúdo de aminoácidos, ácidos graxos e minerais. Os teores de fibra, proteína e óleo variaram significativamente nas amostras analisadas, enquanto que os teores de cinzas não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Com relação aos teores de minerais, o potássio foi o que obteve o maior valor, 1.824,02 mg/100 g para a cultivar Iguaçu, ficando a EMBRAPA-4 com o maior teor de cálcio, 313,93 mg/100 g. Para a composição em ácidos graxos, notou-se que a cultivar IAS-5 apresentou o maior teor de insaturados, 87,45%, enquanto que a Davis, o menor, 83,93%. A cultivar EMBRAPA-4 apresentou um teor de ácido oléico maior e de linoléico e linolênico bem menores que as demais cultivares estudadas, 39,93%, 42,46% e 4,64%, respectivamente. Os demais ácidos graxos estão de acordo com os valores encontrados na literatura no tocante a óleo de soja. Todas as cultivares estudadas apresentaram excelente balanço em aminoácidos essenciais (AAE. Os teores de cada AAE foram superiores aos da proteína padrão estabelecido pela FAO/WHO, com valor total de AAE variando de 39,5 a 45,0 g/100 g de proteína.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cristina Rodrigues Mendes
2012-10-01
Full Text Available The southern State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS is the main rice producer in Brazil with a 60% participation of the national production and 86% participation of the region. Rice culture irrigation system is done by flooding, which leads to soil salinization, a major environmental constraint to production since it alters the plants’ metabolism exposed to this type of stress. The indica cultivar, widely used in RS, has a higher sensitivity to salinity when compared to that of the japonica cultivar in other physiological aspects. Current research analyzes enzymes expression involved in salt-subjected indica and japonica rice cultivars’ respiration. Oryza sativa L. spp. japonica S.Kato (BRS Bojuru, IAS 12-9 Formosa and Goyakuman and Oryza sativa L. spp. indica S. Kato (BRS Taim-7, BRS Atalanta and BRS Querencia were the cultivars employed. Seedlings were transferred to 15 L basins containing 50% Hoagland nutrient solution increased by 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl, and collected at 14, 28 and 42 days after transfer (DAT. Plant tissues were macerated and placed in eppendorf tubes with Scandálios extractor solution. Electrophoresis was performed in 7% of the polyacrylamide gels in vertical vats. Bands were revealed for the following enzymes systems: esterase, alcohol dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and alpha amylase. The enzymes expression was greater in subspecies japonica, with more intense bands in proportion to salinity increase. Results show that enzyme systems are involved in the salinity defense mechanisms in O. sativa spp. japonica cultivar.O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS destaca-se como principal produtor de arroz, participando com 60% da produção nacional e 86% da regional. O sistema de irrigação da cultura é por inundação, que induz o solo à salinização, um dos maiores limitadores ambientais à produção, alterando o metabolismo da plantas expostas a este tipo de estresse. As cultivares
Performance of blueberry cultivars under mild winter conditions
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
José Gilberto Sousa Medeiros
2017-08-01
Full Text Available ABSTRACT: Evaluation of yield performance is important to find the most adapted blueberry cultivars in a particular region. This research aimed to evaluate the flowering and hasvesting periods, the production per plant, and fruit quality of eight rabbiteye blueberry cultivars (Aliceblue, Bluebelle, Bluegem, Briteblue, Climax, Delite, Powderblue, and Woodard and two highbush blueberries (Georgiagem and O’Neal, in mild winter conditions in Pinhais-PR. Flowering and harvesting periods, production, berry weight, size, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio and color of the fruits were evaluated in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons, when the plants had two and three years old, respectively. Cultivars flowered from August to September, and harvest was concentrated in November and December. Berry weight, size, pH, soluble solids and acidity varied among the cultivars. The average ratios of 14.97 and 13.39 for each crop proved that the cultivars have good fruit quality. There was little variation in fruit color in the two years evaluated. Blueberry cultivars showed the staining characteristics and physical and chemical attributes of quality compatible to blueberry from other traditional regions. Under mild winter conditions, young plants of rabbiteye blueberry cultivars, Climax, Delite, Bluegem and Powderblue, are the most productive, while the highbusch cultivars bear few fruits.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Isac N Rodrigues
2008-12-01
Full Text Available Na avaliação de cultivares de hortaliças, os rendimentos médios mais elevados nos ensaios de competição, associados a fatores de qualidade, são utilizados como critérios de recomendação para plantio. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as cultivares de alface Frisella, Deisy, Tender Green, Lollo Bionda, Itapuã 401, Marisa, Verônica, Banchu New Red Fire e Hortência nas condições climáticas da região de Manaus, sob cultivo protegido e a campo. Foram avaliadas as características: massa fresca total, massa fresca comercial, diâmetro da cabeça e altura. As cultivares de alface Marisa, Itapuã 401 e Hortência são opções mais adequadas para o cultivo protegido e a campo na região, incluindo-se para o cultivo a campo a cultivar Verônica, a qual apresentou a melhor produção na avaliação realizada neste ambiente.In the evaluation of vegetable cultivars, the high average yield in the competition assays associated to quality factors are utilized as criteria to recommend cultivars. In the present work we evaluated the lettuce cultivars Frisella, Deisy, Tender Green, Lollo Bionda, Itapuã 401, Marisa, Verônica, Banchu New Red Fire and Hortência under the climatic conditions of the region of Manaus, under protected and conventional cultivation. The evaluated characteristics were: total and commercial weight, plant diameter and height. The lettuce cultivars Marisa, Itapuã 401 and Hortência presented higher production in both environments adding Verônica with best production under conventional cultivation.
Caracterização química de cariopses de aveia (Avena sativa L da cultivar UPF 18
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Weber Fernanda Hart
2002-01-01
Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar quimicamente uma nova cultivar de aveia, a UPF 18, recomendada pela Comissão Brasileira de Pesquisa de Aveia. Grãos de aveia da safra agrícola de 1999 foram descascados, as cariopses moídas em granulometria inferior a 0,250mm e a farinha avaliada quanto à composição centesimal, composição em aminoácidos, composição em ácidos graxos, índice de solubilidade de nitrogênio, digestibilidade da proteína in vitro, escore químico e energia metabolizável. A cultivar estudada apresentou alto teor de proteínas (15,07%. Os teores de fibra alimentar solúvel e insolúvel foram relativamente altos (5,59 e 7,73%, respectivamente, e, conseqüentemente, o teor de amido foi baixo (41,00%. A composição em aminoácidos foi semelhante ao padrão teórico da FAO, sendo a lisina o primeiro aminoácido limitante. A cultivar apresentou altas concentrações de ácidos graxos insaturados, onde o linoléico, oléico e palmítico representam 96,06% do total. A digestibilidade da proteína in vitro foi de 98,86%, o escore químico de 52,20%, o índice de solubilidade de nitrogênio de 20,24% e a energia metabolizável foi de 326,56kcal/ 100g.
Carrot Cultivar Evaluation: Soilless Media vs. Hydroponics
Pinnock, Derek R.; Bugbee, Bruce
2002-01-01
Nine cultivars of carrots were grown in a growth chamber. Each cultivar was grown both in hydroponic and soil-less media root-zone for sixty days. Three 30L tubs were used for each root-zone treatment. Three cultivars were planted in each tub, initially at 180 plants m-2 then thinned to 90 plants m-2 on day 45.
Adição de Zn e absorção, translocação e utilização de Zn e P por cultivares de cafeeiro
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Reis Jr. Roberto dos Anjos
2002-01-01
Full Text Available A crescente exigência de nutrientes, especialmente micronutrientes, pelos cultivares de café vem exigindo uma melhor compreensão da dinâmica desses nutrientes no sistema solo-planta. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de concentrações de Zn (0,4 ; 1,3 e 2,3 mimol Zn L-1 na solução nutritiva sobre o crescimento, produção de matéria seca, eficiência de absorção, translocação e utilização de Zn e P em dois cultivares de café (Coffea arabica cv. Catuaí e Coffea canephora cv. Conilon, foi realizado um experimento sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado com esquema fatorial 3 × 2 (três doses de Zn e dois cultivares com três repetições. Plantas de café dos dois cultivares estudados foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação, com solução nutritiva completa por 50 dias, após os quais receberam solução nutritiva modificada com três doses de Zn. Aos 114 dias após a transferência para a solução nutritiva modificada, as plantas foram coletadas e separadas em folhas superiores, inferiores, caule e raízes. Foram avaliadas altura do caule, número de ramificações laterais, área foliar, produção de matéria seca e conteúdos de P e Zn nas diversas partes da planta, além das eficiências de absorção, translocação e utilização de P e Zn. A dose 2,3 mimol Zn L-1 proporcionou os maiores valores para as características de crescimento avaliadas, tanto para o cultivar Catuaí, quanto para Conilon. Os maiores conteúdos de Zn observados no Catuaí indicam que este é mais exigente em Zn que o Conilon na fase de mudas. O Conilon apresentou menores eficiências de absorção e translocação e maior eficiência de utilização de Zn, refletindo sua menor demanda por este nutriente. As concentrações de Zn empregadas neste experimento não promoveram interação Zn-P.
Local Political Conflict and Pela Gandong Amidst the Religious Conflicts
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Tonny SB Hoedodo
2013-08-01
Full Text Available Pela Gandong which is believed by Ambonese for its propitiational value is in fact failed to prevent horizontal conflict that victimized a big number of life and financial damages. However, Wayame villagem is found to survive from those conflicts, and the community of this village, comprising of Islam and Christian religious group, succeeds to maintain harmonious relation. The research aims at, first, describing the perception of Wayamae village community to Pela Gandong in the post-conflict period; second, analyzing the cultural competence of pela Gandong in conflict resolution in the era of technology. This research employed qualitative method, involving in-field data gathering based on official report, digging out information from the resource persons who were directly witnessing the conflict when it occured and other references obtained through Forum Group Discussion (FGD. An analysis was performed to seek answer concerning on how the community of Wayame village viewed Pela Gandong in post-conflict period, how it is – as a local wisdom – maintained in the middle of changing and how Pela Gandong was revitalized. Research showed that Pela Gandong was maintained by involving all elements such as customary community and the government. Pela Gandong grew as the icon of Ambonese society in settling conflicts by raising awareness that they are Eastern people, collectivistic in nature, and place kinship into priority.
Soliman, S S; Al-Obeed, R S; Ahmed, T A
2015-03-01
The oil content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with some physico-chemical properties and nutrients were investigated in oil produced from seeds of six important date palm cultivars and one seed strain present in Saudi Arabia. The results indicated that the oil extracted from six seed cultivars of date palm ranged from 6.73-10.89% w/w oil. The refractive index of date seeds oil was found to be between 1.4574 to 1.4615. The iodine values, acid values and saponification values were in the range of 74.2-86.6 g iodine 100 g(-1); 2.50-2.58 mg KOH g(-1) and 0.206-0.217 mg KOH g(-1), respectively. Lauric acid, Myristic acid, Palmitic acid C15, Palmitic acid C16 Stearic acid, Arachidic acid and Behenic acid of date seeds oil contents were found between 8.67-49.27; 7.01-15.43; 0-0.57; 4.82-18.09; 1.02-7.86; 0-0.08; and 0-0.15% w/w, in that order. Omega-6 and Omega-9 of date seeds oil were found between 7.31-17.87 and 52.12-58.78%, respectively. Khalas, Barhy cvs. and seed strain gave highest K and Ca, Na and Fe, Mg as compared with other studied cultivars.
BIODIVERSITY OF NATIONAL SQUASH CULTIVAR ACCESSIONS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
A. F. Bukharov
2017-01-01
Full Text Available The squash is one of the most ancient plants, bearing numerous qualities. The squash gave high yield and is unpretentious plant, the fruit of which is long-stored and can be used as boiled, stewed, baked, fried product, and be added to bread, mush and pudding, and be prepared as puree, jam, candied fruit and other meals. Owing to useful characteristics the squash is a valuable source or raw material for food canning industry, for health-care and functional foodstuff production. Its best cultivar accessions contain to 30% of dry matter, to 12% of sugars and to 36% of carotene. The species of squash includes 4 subspecies and 20 varieties. One accession that came from Spain in 1937 served as an initial breeding accession for many other table cultivars for long time. For 80 years of national breeding program the many cultivars for table use have been released. There are the classic cultivars, such as ‘Mramornaya’, ‘Stolovaya Zimnaya’, Gribovskaya Zimnaya’, ‘Donskaya Sladkaya’, ‘Michurinskaya’ that are selected or developed from first Spanish accession. This richness and originality of cultivar squash accessions should be carefully preserved. There are the new generation cultivars, such as ‘Kroshka’, ‘Malishka’, ‘Rossiyanka’, ‘Konfetka’, ‘Moskvichka’, ‘Vnuchka’ and many others, which are short-tendrils and suitable for modern mechanized cultivation technology. Moreover the development of new cultivars, bearing resistance to biotic and abiotic stress is the main goal of nearest breeding program.
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Yomi
2012-08-30
Aug 30, 2012 ... 2National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, China. Accepted 6 August, 2012 ... hybrids lily cultivar 'eyeliner' was selected as the materials. By using the ... of sterilization was not ideal which led to higher.
NS Pudarka: A new winter wheat cultivar
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hristov Nikola
2014-01-01
Full Text Available The high-yielding, medium late winter wheat cultivar NS Pudarka was developed by crossing genetic divergent parents: line NMNH-07 and cv. NS 40S and Simonida. In cultivar NS Pudarka genes responsible for high yield potential, very good technological quality, resistance to lodging, low temperature and diseases, were successfully combined. It was registered by Ministry of agriculture, forestry and water management of Serbia Republic in 2013. This cultivar has wide adaptability and stability of yield that enable growing in different environments with optimal agricultural practice. On the base of technological quality this cultivar belongs to the second quality class, A2 farinograph subgroup and second technological group.
Sensory profile of eleven peach cultivars Perfil sensorial de onze cultivares de pêssegos
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Francine Lorena Cuquel
2012-03-01
Full Text Available The goal of this study was to evaluate the sensory profile of eleven peach cultivars grown in an experimental orchard located in the city of Lapa (PR, Brazil in two seasons. The peach cultivars analyzed were Aurora I, Chimarrita, Chiripá, Coral, Eldorado, Granada, Leonense, Maciel, Marli, Premier, and Vanguarda. The sensory analysis was performed by previously trained panelists; 20 of them in the first season and 10 in the second season. The sensory evaluation was performed using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis, in which the following attributes were measured: appearance, aroma, flesh color, flesh firmness, flavor, and juiciness. The results showed preference for sweet, soft, and juicy fruits. Chimarrita, Chiripá, and Coral fruits showed better sensorial performance than the other peach cultivars. It was also verified that the analysis of the attributes aroma, flesh firmness, and flavor is enough for performing the sensory profile of peach fruits for in natura consumption.Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil sensorial de onze cultivares de pêssego produzidos em duas safras em um pomar experimental implantado na Lapa (PR, Brasil. Os cultivares analisados foram Aurora I, Chimarrita, Chiripá, Coral, Eldorado, Granada, Leonense, Maciel, Marli, Premier e Vanguarda. As análises sensoriais foram realizadas por julgadores previamente treinados, sendo 20 julgadores na primeira safra e 10 na segunda. O método de avaliação empregado foi a Análise Descritiva Quantitativa na qual foram mensurados os atributos aparência, aroma, cor de polpa, firmeza de polpa, sabor e suculência dos frutos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a preferência por frutos de sabor adocicado, com polpa macia e suculenta. Os cultivares Chimarrita, Chiripá e Coral obtiveram o melhor desempenho nas análises sensoriais. Foi verificado ainda que os atributos aroma, firmeza de polpa e sabor são considerados suficientes para a avaliação do perfil sensorial de
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Pongnart Nartvaranant
2012-09-01
Full Text Available This investigation of physiological changes in pummelo pre-harvest dropped fruit, termed “yellow fruit calyx symptoms” in Thailand, aimed to examine in two particular cultivars Thong Dee and Khao Nam Phueng grown in the central regionof Thailand. The results show that the normal pummelo fruits of either variety had statistically more total non-structuralcarbohydrate (TNC in their peel and pulp than did those of the dropped fruits. On the other hand, the leaves of normal fruittrees of both cultivars show less TNC than those found in the leaves of pre-harvest dropped fruit trees. There were significantdifferences in some plant nutrients in the leaves, peel and pulp of the dropped and normal pummelo cultivars. IAA concentration in fruit was determined with the result that normal fruits had a statistically higher IAA concentration than did those inpre-harvest dropped fruits. The PCR technique used for the greening disease test identified infections in leaves taken fromthe pre-harvest dropped fruit trees but none in leaves from the normal fruit trees. There were no differences in soil chemicalproperties between soil samples taken from the normal and pre-harvest dropped fruit trees. It seems likely that greeningdisease is the cause of ‘yellow fruit calyx symptom’ in Thailand and is the resulting from low TNC concentrations, low plantnutrients and low IAA concentrations in the pre-harvest dropped fruits in the pummelo cultivars.
Developing native Vaccinium crops and cultivars
Vaccinium species have long been harvested from the wild. Breeding and cultivar development, however, did not begin until about 1911 in New Jersey with efforts to commercially cultivate northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). Cultivar development spread to cranberry (V. macrocarpon) and ...
Newly registered small grains cultivars from Zaječar
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dodig Dejan
2006-01-01
Full Text Available The paper presents principal properties of 5 new cultivars of small grains created in the Center for Agricultural and Technological Research in Zaječar. They are as follows: Arena (winter bread wheat, Premium (winter malting barley, Tango (winter triticale, Center (spring oat and Balsa (spring naked barley. In 2004 and 2005 these cultivars were registered by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia. The Arena cultivar has good indices of technological quality and high yield genetic potential which is successfully preserved even in dry years. The Premium cultivar, besides high yield capacity, has a very low protein grain content what makes it especially suitable for brewers industry. Triticale Tango is intended, in the first place, for animal feeds and like Arena cultivar. is highly tolerant to draught. Spring oat Center is Zaječar's first made oat cultivar in this group of small grains. Cultivar Balsa is the first spring six-row naked barley in Serbia and Montenegro. Creating of Balsa cultivar is the attempt to meet the future demands on the market. By the act of registering above mentioned cultivars the Center in Zajecar has completed and enlarged its already existing variety of small grains assortment.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
C.S. Novaes Antunes
1964-01-01
Full Text Available Os cultivares de porte pequeno mais promissores da coleção de cafeeiros da Seção de Genética foram plantados em um ensaio comparativo, instalado em 1954, em Campinas. Os dados de sete anos de colheitas dêsse ensaio revelaram que a progênie de prefixo C 1039-48 do cultivar 'São Bernardo' foi a de melhor produção, e a de prefixo C 1034-4 'San Ramon', a de produção mais reduzida. Outras observações foram efetuadas atinentes à altura das plantas, resistência à geada, tipos de sementes produzidas e tamanho das sementes do tipo chato, analisadas pela peneira média, a fim de melhor caracterizar êsses cultivares. Os resultados colhidos dão informações úteis para o trabalho de melhoramento, indicando plantas e progênies a serem utilizadas principalmente nas hibridações com outros cultivares selecionados.The increasing cost of labor is leading the breeders to select coffee strains with low height which give high yield per area and facilitate the harvesting operation. The present paper refers to a trial established to compare the yielding ability of twelve dwarf coffee progenies of 'Caturra Amarelo', 'Caturra Vermelho', 'San Ramon', 'San Ramon x Bourbon', 'San Ramon x Maragogipe' and 'São Bernardo'. After seven consecutive harvests the total weight of coffee cherries was analysed. It was found that only the progeny 'São Bernardo' - C 1039-48 had a significant higher yield than the tester 'Caturra Vermelho' - C 477-8. The two 'Caturra Amarelo' progenies were in the same group of C 1039-48. Small variation was noticed in connection with bean size and percentages of flat, peaberry and elephant beans. The progenies of cultivar 'São Bernardo' had the largest beans and the highest percentages of normal flat beans. Concerning frost resistance some variation was observed in the susceptibility of the progenies to low temperatures. Only the progeny C 1036-36 revealed to be resistant. The best plants selected in this trial will be used in
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Akca, Y.; Samsunlu, E
2012-01-01
The effects of irrigation water salinity on growth, chlorophyll contents, proline and nutrients accumulation and K/Na ratio in three walnut cultivars was investigated. Three irrigation water salinity levels with electrical conductivities of 1,5, 3, and 5.0 dS/m and tap water as a control treatment were used in a randomized design with four replications. Irrigation practices were realized by considering the weight of each pot. Sodium, clor, proline, K/Na and Ca/Na ratio of leaf were increased under salinity conditions. But growth of plant and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b content were decreased under saline condition. There were significant differences between in irrigation water salinity levels in proline and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, Na content. But there were not any significant differences in LRWC (%). Results showed that, regarding fresh shoot weight, dry shoot and root weight, there were significant differences between cultivars, but chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, proline accumulation and leaf relative water content (LRWC) there weren't any significant differences between cultivars. Kaman 1 and Bilecik walnut cultivars showed higher accumulation of proline than Kaman 5 but was not observed significant difference between them. (author)
Berti, Marisol; Samarappuli, Dulan
2017-04-01
Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.] is an industrial oilseed crop in the Brassicaceae family with multiple uses. Currently, camelina is not used as a cover crop, but it has the potential to be used as such in maize-soybean-wheat cropping systems. The objectives of this study were to determine the agronomic performance and nutrient scavenging potential of winter camelina in comparison with other common cover crops. Experiments were conducted in Fargo, ND in 2015 and 2016, and in Prosper, ND in 2015. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement with three replicates. The main plot was the sowing date and the subplot were camelina cultivars as well as other common cover crops in the area. Sowing dates were targeted to 15 August and September 1, although the final dates varied slightly each year. Biomass yield, N content of the biomass N uptake and P uptake was evaluated. Winter camelina N and P uptake ranged between 21 and 30.5 kg N ha-1 and 3.4 to 5.3 kg P ha-1. The nutrient scavenging potential of winter camelina was similar to other cover crops although slightly lower than turnip (Brassica rapa L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars which had significantly higher P uptake than winter camelina and the other cover crops in the study. An evaluation of spring regrowth and cover indicated that only rye, winter camelina, and pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) survived the winter, although a few plants of triticale (x Trticosecale Witt.) and rape were found on a few plots. Because of the high variability on the plots there were no significant differences among the surviving cover crops on soil coverage. The soil coverage for rye cultivars was 25 and 35% and for camelina cv. Bison was 27%.In 2016, biomass yield was not significant for sowing date, cultivars, or their interaction. Winter camelina cultivars biomass yield fluctuated between 1.15 and 2.33 Mg dry matter ha-1 on the first sowing
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sílvio Vieira da Silva
2014-12-01
-1 e as subparcelas representadas por quatro cultivares de canade-açúcar CO 997, RB 72454, RB 835019 e RB 835486. O rendimento e a qualidade agroindustrial da cana-de-açúcar não foram influenciados pela interação dos fatores doses de calcário e cultivares. As maiores doses de calcário contribuíram para os maiores teores de P tanto no solo quanto na planta e também para uma maior produtividade de colmos da canade-açúcar. Entre as cultivares, a RB 835486 foi a que apresentou a maior produtividade de colmos e de teor de açúcar.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
M.A. Bianchi
2006-12-01
Full Text Available As plantas competem por recursos do meio situados abaixo e/ou acima da superfície do solo. A separação física da competição entre plantas possibilita conhecer a importância relativa de cada fração, bem como apontar possíveis diferenças em competitividade entre espécies. Objetivou-se neste trabalho separar os efeitos individuais decorrentes da competição por recursos do solo ou radiação solar, entre soja e plantas concorrentes. Foram realizados seis experimentos em vasos na UFRGS, em Porto Alegre-RS, sendo dois em 2001 e quatro em 2002. Os tratamentos testados resultaram das combinações de dois genótipos concorrentes (cultura e competidor e quatro condições de competição (ausência de competição, competição por recursos do solo e radiação solar, competição por recursos do solo e competição por radiação solar. Os cultivares de soja IAS 5 e Fepagro RS 10 representaram a cultura, enquanto o nabo forrageiro e o cultivar de soja Fundacep 33 foram os competidores. Determinaram-se variáveis morfofisiológicas em plantas de soja e de nabo forrageiro. O crescimento das plantas de soja foi mais afetado pela competição por recursos do solo, sendo o cultivar RS 10 mais competitivo do que IAS 5. O nabo forrageiro não interferiu no crescimento dos cultivares de soja, porém cresceu mais na presença da cultura.Plants compete for environmental resources located below and over soil surface. Physical separation of competition allows understanding the relative importance of each fraction, as well as identifying possible differences among species. The aim of this research was to separate the individual effects resulting from competition for soil or solar radiation resources, between soybean and concurrent plants. Thus, experiments using pots were carried out at UFRGS, in Porto Alegre-RS, in 2001 and 2002. The treatments tested resulted from the combinations of two concurrent genotypes (crop and competitor and four competition
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zayame Vegette Pinto
2011-12-01
Full Text Available A podridão de raízes, causada por Pythium aphanidermatum e outras espécies de Pythium, é a principal doença da alface cultivada em sistemas hidropônicos no Brasil. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar quatro cultivares comerciais de alface em relação à sensibilidade a podridão de raízes, causada por P. aphanidermatum. Os estudos foram realizados em placas de Petri contendo ágar-água com plântulas de alface das cultivares crespa (Vera e Verônica e lisa (Regina e Elisa, infestadas ou não com o patógeno. Com as mesmas cultivares foram realizados quatro experimentos em sistemas hidropônicos (Nutrient Film Technique, sendo dois em estufa coberta com plástico e sombrite e dois em estufa coberta apenas com plástico. As plântulas, infectadas ou não com P. aphanidermatum, foram transplantadas para os sistemas infestados ou não. Foi avaliada a severidade da doença e o desenvolvimento das plantas. Todas as cultivares foram suscetíveis à podridão de raízes nos experimentos realizados in vitro e in vivo. A presença do sombrite não reduziu a podridão de raízes em cultivares de alface produzidas no sistema hidropônico. A cultivar Regina apresentou maior massa de matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes, na presença ou ausência do patógeno, sendo a mais indicada para o cultivo hidropônico na época mais quente do ano.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Liliana Rodrigues
2009-07-01
Full Text Available O estudo visou avaliar, em um experimento de mesocosmos, a influência da temperatura e de concentrações de nutrientes na abundância das algas perifíticas (exceto Bacillariophyceae na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. O delineamento experimental constituiu-se de cinco tratamentos: controle (C e adição de nutrientes (P+, N+ e NP+ a 25°C, e frio (F com diminuição da temperatura a 15°C e sem adição de nutrientes. Lâminas de vidro foram utilizadas para colonização das algas perifíticas, e as amostragens foram feitas entre o 15° e o 31° dia de sucessão. Pela Análise de Correspondência Canônica, pode-se observar uma clara separação entre os tratamentos devido à temperatura e adição de nutrientes. A diminuição de temperatura afetou a abundância das classes de algas perifíticas, principalmente pela redução da densidade relativa de Cyanophyceae e aumento de Zygnemaphyceae. O enriquecimento artificial de nutrientes, principalmente P, alterou a estrutura da comunidade de algas perifíticas, em termos de densidade das classes algais. As densidades relativas das classes, em geral, aumentaram com a adição de nutrientes. O fósforo pode ser considerado direcionador na densidade das algas perifíticas, como pode ser observado pela rápida resposta após os enriquecimentos artificiais.This study set out to evaluate, via a mesocosm experiment, the influence of the temperature and concentration of nutrients (N and P in the abundance of periphytic algae (except Bacillariophyceae of the upper Paraná river floodplain. The experiment was designed using 5 treatments: a control (C, added nutrients (P+, N+, NP+ at 25°C, and without added nutrients at 15°C. Glass slides were used for periphytic algae colonization, and the samples were taken on the 15th and 31st days following colonization. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed a clear separation among treatment groups due to temperature and added nutrients. A decrease
Wang, Yongming; Lin, Xiuyun; Dong, Bo; Wang, Yingdian; Liu, Bao
2004-01-01
RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) fingerprinting on HpaII/MspI-digested genomic DNA of nine elite japonica rice cultivars implies inter-cultivar DNA methylation polymorphism. Using both DNA fragments isolated from RAPD or ISSR gels and selected low-copy sequences as probes, methylation-sensitive Southern blot analysis confirms the existence of extensive DNA methylation polymorphism in both genes and DNA repeats among the rice cultivars. The cultivar-specific methylation patterns are stably maintained, and can be used as reliable molecular markers. Transcriptional analysis of four selected sequences (RdRP, AC9, HSP90 and MMR) on leaves and roots from normal and 5-azacytidine-treated seedlings of three representative cultivars shows an association between the transcriptional activity of one of the genes, the mismatch repair (MMR) gene, and its CG methylation patterns.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Edson Henrique de Azeredo
2004-03-01
Full Text Available Foi estudada a ocorrência de Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae e de Agrotis ipsilon (Hüfnagel, 1767 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae em plantas de batata, cultivares Achat e Monalisa, influenciadas por dosagens de nitrogênio e potássio, e teor mínimo de açúcares solúveis. Os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: concentração de nutrientes minerais e açúcar em folha verde, folha senescente, folha em abcisão, haste, tubérculo e planta total usando extratos de infusão em etanol 80%. A maior infestação por larvas de D. speciosa foi na cultivar Monalisa a 150 kg.ha-1 de N + K com 27,03% a PThe occurrence of Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824 and Agrotis ipsilon (Hüfnagel, 1767 on the potato cultivars Achat and Monalisa, influenced by nitrogen and potassium dosage, and minimum theor of soluble sugars, was studied. The following parameters were evaluated: concentration of mineral nutrient and sugar in green leaf, senescent leaf, leaf in abscission, stem, tubercle and total plant using extracts of infusion in ethanol 80%. The largest infestation of D. speciosa larvae was on Monalisa cultivar at 150 kg.ha-1 of N + K with 27.03% at P< 0,05. It was observed that the effect of the dosage of N + K in the increment of the concentration of soluble sugars increased the damages in the tubercles and stems by A. ipsilon. The infestation by these species increased to 58.82% on the Monalisa cultivar, when the nitrogen dosage increased from zero to 150 kg.ha-1, in the absence of potassium. On the other hand, high dosage of K reduced the damages by A. ipsilon on Monalisa cultivar. However, it did not influence the storage of soluble sugar. The results indicated that in Achat cultivar the accumulated soluble sugar was reduced, probably sensibilized by elevation of potassic fertilization dosing, differing from Monalisa cultivar, in which the influence was by nitrogen dosing.
Dwivedi, S; Tripathi, R D; Tripathi, P; Kumar, A; Dave, R; Mishra, S; Singh, R; Sharma, D; Rai, U N; Chakrabarty, D; Trivedi, P K; Adhikari, B; Bag, M K; Dhankher, O P; Tuli, R
2010-12-15
Simulated pot experiments were conducted on four rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes (Triguna, IR-36, PNR-519, and IET-4786) to examine the effects of As(V) on amino acids and mineral nutrient status in grain along with antioxidant response to arsenic exposure. Rice genotypes responded differentially to As(V) exposure in terms of amino acids and antioxidant profiles. Total amino acid content in grains of all rice genotypes was positively correlated with arsenic accumulation. While, most of the essential amino acids increased in all cultivars except IR-36, glutamic acid and glycine increased in IET-4786 and PNR-519. The level of nonprotein thiols (NPTs) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) increased in all rice cultivars except IET-4786. A significant genotypic variation was also observed in specific arsenic uptake (SAU; mg kg(-1)dw), which was in the order of Triguna (134) > IR-36 (71) > PNR-519 (53) > IET-4786 (29). Further, application of As(V) at lower doses (4 and 8 mg L(-1) As) enhanced the accumulation of selenium (Se) and other nutrients (Fe, P, Zn, and S), however, higher dose (12 mg L(-1) As) limits the nutrient uptake in rice. In conclusion, low As accumulating genotype, IET-4786, which also had significantly induced level of essential amino acids, seems suitable for cultivation in moderately As contaminated soil and would be safe for human consumption.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gleberson Guillen Piccinin
2012-04-01
Full Text Available Application of bio-regulators improves the productivity of cash crops. Current experiment evaluates the effects of different doses of a bio-regulator on the seed quality of three onion cultivars (‘Baia Periforme’, ‘Bola Precoce’ and ‘Híbrida Superex’. Six doses of bio-regulator at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 30.0 mL kg-1 were applied and results were compared to those of three controls. The experimental design was entirely randomized under the factorial arrangement 3 x 6 + 3, with four replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (p A aplicação de biorreguladores tem sido empregada com a finalidade de aumentar o desempenho de culturas de interesse econômico. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes doses de biorregulador via tratamentos de sementes em cultivares de cebola, foi conduzido um experimento com três cultivares de cebola (‘Baia Periforme’, ‘Bola Precoce’ e ‘Híbrida Superex’ e seis doses de biorregulador (0; 2,5; 5,0; 10,0; 20,0 e 30,0 mL kg-1 de sementes, acrescido de três testemunhas. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial (3 x 6 + 3. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (p < 0,05 e, posteriormente, aplicou-se o teste de Dunnett para comparar os tratamentos de sementes com as testemunhas, assim como a análise de regressão, com o intuito de obter curvas de resposta, em função do acréscimo nas doses do biorregulador. As sementes foram avaliadas pela primeira contagem e contagem final do teste de germinação e comprimento da raiz primária e da parte aérea das plântulas. A aplicação do biorregulador não foi satisfatória ao processo de germinação das sementes e desempenho das plântulas das cultivares ‘Baia Periforme’ e ‘Bola Precoce’. Entretanto, para a ‘Híbrida Superex’, o biorregulador estimulou o vigor inicial das plântulas.
Gutierrez del Alamo Oms, A.; Verstegen, M.W.A.; Hartog, den L.A.; Villamide, M.J.
2008-01-01
A total of 5,000 one-day-old male broiler chickens were assigned to 8 different treatments in a 4 x 2 factorial design. Four wheat cultivars (Amiro, Guadalupe, Isengrain, and Horzal) and 2 levels (0 or 1 kg/t of feed) of an enzyme cocktail (Avizyme 1300, xylanase, 2,500 U/kg and protease, 800 U/kg)
Phenotypic profiles of Armenian grape cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Aroutiounian Rouben
2015-01-01
Full Text Available The conservation and sustainable use of grapevine biodiversity in Armenia is particularly important due to the large number of traditional local varieties. Being partially different from European grapevine gene pool, the material of Armenian local cultivars significantly contributes to the understanding of the genetic variation and is valuable source for target selection. During last years many Armenian grapevine cultivars have been already described and their genotypes determined, but some local varieties and wild accessions remain unidentified and their phenotypic characteristics overlooked. The comprehensive analysis of phenotypes is essential for research, including genetic association studies, cultivar evaluation and selection. The goal of our research was the phenotyping on the base of reproductive, carpological and analytical characteristics of 80 Armenian aboriginal and new grape cultivars. Description of phenotypic profiles is important step towards identification and conservation of genetic resources of Armenian grapes. In future, these data can be applied for breeding of improved grape varieties targeted to fresh consumption and wine production.
Biologia e tabela de vida de fertilidade do pulgão-preto em cultivares de videira
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cléber Antonio Baronio
2014-09-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a biologia e a tabela de vida de fertilidade do pulgão-preto da videira [Aphis illinoisensis (Hemiptera: Aphididae], em mudas das cultivares de Vitis labrusca Bordô, e de V. vinifera Cabernet Franc, Itália e Moscato Bianco. O experimento foi conduzido em 50 minigaiolas de confinamento, com um inseto em cada gaiola por tratamento, fixadas em mudas de videira mantidas em câmara de crescimento do tipo fitotron (a 25±1°C, umidade relativa de 75±10% e fotófase de 14 horas. Avaliaram-se diariamente a duração e a viabilidade ninfal, a fecundidade e a longevidade do período reprodutivo da espécie. O pulgão-preto da videira completou o ciclo biológico nas mudas das mencionadas cultivares, com duração da fase de ninfa de 7,9±0,3, 6,8±0,2, 6,2±0,2 e 6,7±0,2 dias, e viabilidade de 58, 82, 98 e 80% para 'Bordô', 'Cabernet Franc', 'Itália' e 'Moscato Bianco', respectivamente. 'Cabernet Franc' e 'Moscato Bianco' foram mais favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do pulgão-preto, com base na tabela de vida de fertilidade, com 51,3 e 55,6 descendentes por fêmea, por geração, respectivamente. 'Bordô' foi a menos adequada ao desenvolvimento do afídeo, com 12,55 descendentes por fêmea, por geração, o que indica resistência do tipo antibiose ou não preferência do inseto pela cultivar.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Djail Santos
2011-12-01
Full Text Available Um aspecto importante na escolha de cultivares para uma determinada condição ambiental é a determinação da produção comercial, que indica o potencial de produção por área. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produção comercial de cultivares de alface nas condições de solo e clima de Bananeiras, Paraíba, durante a estação chuvosa. Foram avaliadas oito cultivares (Cindy, Elba, Grand Rapids, Kaesar, Mimosa, Sabrina, Summer Green e Verônica, no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As parcelas tinham 27 plantas, espaçadas de 30 cm entre fileiras e entre linhas. Aos 51 dias após o transplante, as plantas foram colhidas e avaliadas quanto à massa fresca total e comercial, massa seca de folhas, número de folhas, diâmetro da planta, índice comercial e produção comercial. Os maiores valores de massa fresca total e comercial, de diâmetro da planta e produção comercial foram verificados para a cultivar Kaesar. Quanto à massa seca, 'Kaesar' e 'Elba' apresentaram os valores mais elevados. Os maiores números de folha foram obtidos com 'Mimosa', 'Elba', 'Sabrina' e 'Summer Green'. As cultivares Grand Rapids, Verônica e Kaesar mostraram-se mais suscetíveis à septoriose, principalmente nas folhas mais velhas. Considerando-se os resultados e a preferência dos consumidores, 'Kaesar' e 'Summer Green' foram as mais promissoras para introdução e testes em áreas de produção comercial de alface.An important issue when choosing cultivars for specific environmental conditions is to estimate the marketable production, which indicates the potential production per area. The objective of this study was to evaluate the marketable production of lettuce cultivars under the soil and climatic conditions of Bananeiras, Paraíba, Brazil, during the rainy season. The experiment was carried out as a complete randomized blocks design with eight cultivars (Cindy, Elba, Grand Rapids, Kaesar, Mimosa, Sabrina
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cley A. S. de Freitas
2011-11-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de cinco níveis de irrigação por gotejamento, em três cultivares de mamoneira (IAC Guarani, Mirante 10 e BRS Paraguaçu mediante a quantificação da produção de matéria seca pelas diferentes partes da planta (limbo foliar, caule e pecíolo e a mensuração das trocas gasosas (fotossíntese, condutância estomática e transpiração. O experimento foi conduzido no campo, na Fazenda Experimental Vale do Curu, Pentecoste, CE, sob delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas, em esquema fatorial 5 x 3 e com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram cinco lâminas de irrigação (25, 50, 75, 100 e 125% da evaporação do tanque Classe "A" e três cultivares. Os diferentes níveis de irrigação influenciaram as variáveis: massa seca do pecíolo, condutância estomática e fotossíntese; os valores máximos para essas variáveis foram obtidos com o nível de irrigação correspondente a 125% da evaporação no tanque Classe A. Houve uma resposta diferenciada na produção de biomassa e nas trocas gasosas entre as três cultivares avaliadas em todas as variáveis estudadas, exceto na massa seca do pecíolo.This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of five levels of drip irrigation in three castor bean cultivars (IAC Guarani, Mirante 10 and BRS Paraguaçu by measuring the dry mass production by the different plant parts (leaf blade, petiole and plant stem as well as by measuring the gas exchange processes (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration. The experiment was conducted in the field, at the Fazenda Experimental, Vale do Curu, Pentecoste, Ceará (Br. The experiment was conducted in a randomized blocks in a 5x3 factorial scheme, in split plots with three repetitions. The treatments were five irrigation levels (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of the class "A" pan evaporation (CAE applied to the three cultivars. The different irrigation levels
The Effect of Humic Acid on Nutrient Composition in Broad Bean (Vicia faba L. Roots
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sener AKINCI
2009-12-01
Full Text Available Humic acids promote the conversion of mineral nutrients into forms available to plants. It also stimulates seed germination and viability, and its main effect usually being more prominent in the roots. The objective of this study was to determine of the influence of humic acid on broad bean (Vicia faba L. cultivar �Eresen 87� on root growth and development as well as nutrient uptake, during investigation in a pot experiment. Treatment with leonardite, as humic acid source positively affected both germination and harvesting, enhancing root length and biomass. Humic acid (HA caused significant increase of fresh (RFW and dry (RDW weights by 30.1% and 56.6% of broad bean roots, respectively. Flame photometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometry analyses revealed that K content was major nutrient among the tested elements. Humic acid increased the contents of Na and K significantly. The content of Ca and Fe was not significantly increased whereas Cu, Mn and Zn content decreased under HA treatment.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gisele Fernanda Mouro
2002-01-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituição do milho pela farinha de mandioca de varredura, em dietas de cabras Saanen em lactação, sobre o desempenho, a composição do leite (sólidos totais e proteína bruta, a digestibilidade da matéria seca (MS, matéria orgânica (MO, proteína bruta (PB, extrato etéreo (EE, fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro (FDN, e amido e a concentração dos nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT das dietas. Foram utilizadas quatro cabras há 100 dias em lactação. O delineamento utilizado foi o quadrado latino 4 x 4, em que os tratamentos consistiram em níveis de 0, 33, 67 e 100% de substituição do milho pela farinha de varredura. Os tratamentos não influenciaram a ingestão, excreção fecal, digestão total e a digestibilidade total da MS, MO, PB, FDN e carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF. Houve diminuição linear na excreção fecal e aumento na digestibilidade do amido, com a inclusão da farinha de mandioca de varredura. O NDT não diferiu entre as dietas estudadas, com média de 71,59%. Houve correlação positiva entre a digestibilidade da matéria orgânica (DIGMO e o NDT (r = 0,9472, permitindo estimativas do NDT a partir da equação NDT (% = 0,8897DIGMO (% + 10,9940 (R²=0,8972. A substituição da farinha da mandioca de varredura não alterou a produção, bem como a composição do leite. Recomenda-se a utilização da farinha de mandioca de varredura em dietas de cabras em lactação, em total substituição ao milho, sem prejuízos na digestibilidade dos nutrientes e na produção.The objectives of this work were to evaluate effects of replacing corn by cassava by-product meal, in diets of Saanen lactating goats, on milk production and composition (total solids and crude protein, nutrient apparent digestibility and total digestible nutrients (TDN of diets. Four multiparous goats fitted with ruminal cannula, with 100 days of lactation, were used. The design was a 4 x 4 Latin
Reação de resistência tipo I e tipo II a Giberela em cultivares de trigo
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rafael Hansen Alves
2013-09-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as reações de resistência tipo I e tipo II à giberela em 28 cultivares de trigo em casa de vegetação. A inoculação de Fusarium graminearum foi realizada no estádio de florescimento. Para a resistência tipo I, a avaliação foi feita 21 dias após a inoculação. Foi determinada a severidade no estádio de espiga seca e a porcentagem de grãos giberelados. A avaliação da severidade foi feita pela porcentagem de espiguetas infectadas, no estádio de espiga verde atribuindo-se uma nota em uma escala linear de zero (nenhuma infecção a 100 (100% de espiguetas infectadas. Para a resistência tipo II, as avaliações foram realizadas aos 7, 14 e 21 dias após a inoculação, contando-se as espiguetas com sintomas da doença, excluindo as duas espiguetas que foram inoculadas. As cultivares Frontana, BRS 177, BRS 179, BRS Umbu, BRS Camboim, Abalone, Ônix, Pampeano e Fundacep 30 apresentaram menor severidade da doença e menor porcentagem de grãos giberelados, demonstrando serem fontes de resistência tipo I. As cultivares BRS Guamirim, CD 120, Onix, Rubi, Fundacep 50, BRS 179, Pampeano, Abalone, CD 114, IPR 85, Safira, BRS Louro, CD 117, CDF 2002116, CD 115, BRS 177, CD 0529 e BRS Camboim apresentaram a menor área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença, demonstrando a presença da resistência do tipo II.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nilson Lemos de Menezes
1995-01-01
Full Text Available O teste de fenol é recomendado para a identificação de cultivares de trigo em laboratório e se baseia na reação de compostos presentes no pericarpo das sementes. Devido à reação constante para cada cultivar, o teste serve para caracterização rápida e fácil de materiais com reações diferentes. No presente trabalho, com o objetivo de facilitar a identificação varietal em trigo, determinou-se a reação ao fenol de 42 cultivares, que estiveram ou estão em recomendação no Brasil.The phenol test is recommended for wheat cultivar identification and is based on the reaction of compounds present in the seeds pericarp. Due to the constant reaction for each cultivar, the test may be used for a rapid and easy characterization of different reactions materiais. In this essay, the phenol reaction was determined in 42 brazilian wheat varieties aiming to facilitate its identification.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Silva, Tulibio F. da; Silva Neto, Helio F. da; Tasso Junior, Luiz C.; Marques, Diogo; Marques, Marcos O. [Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias], E-mail: tulibio_fernandes@yahoo.com.br
2010-07-01
In order to diversify energy sources, the residue of sugarcane gathers attributes that qualify its use. Therefore, this study was to evaluate the potential of bagasse production in late cultivars of sugarcane. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 6 treatments (cultivars) and 3 replications. The experiment was carried out at FCAV/UNESP Jaboticabal. To calculate the productivity, it was counted the number of stems in a row linear meter, it was obtained the weight of stems. The percentage of fiber for each cultivar was determined by a calculation of estimated production and productivity of mulch. Using these values to estimate the number of people who would benefit from the energy generated from the combustion of bagasse in a process of cogeneration power. The results were submitted to analysis of variance by F test and averages compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Cultivars RB867515, RB72454 and CTC6 showed the best performance, indicating its greater potential for power cogeneration. Cultivars CTC IAC94-2 and 2101 were lower when considering the results obtained. (author)
Productive performance of blackberry cultivars in altitude region
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jéssica de Oliveira
2017-11-01
Full Text Available ABSTRACT: Information on the production performance of blackberry in less colder regions are fundamentals to the expansion of the cultivated area and extension of management practices for cultivars adapted to climate conditions in Brazil. The research was carried out with the aim to evaluate the productive performance of different blackberries cultivars in altitude region of 1,387m with mild temperatures, situate at 18º14’56”S, 43º36’0”W, in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. It was carried during the seasons 2013/2014, 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The blackberry cultivars evaluated were the following ones ‘Brazos’, ‘Guarani’, ‘Tupy’ and ‘Xavante’. Flowering and harvesting of cultivars were evaluated as well as climatological data of the area in order to relate the number of hours of accumulated cold less than 13°C, 10°C and 7.2°C with production and crop time. To determine the production, the mass of blackberries harvested per plant was measured. Production of blackberry cultivars was extended in altitude region with similar productivity to the other producing regions in Brazil. Productive performance of the cultivars varied according to the accumulation of cold hours with mild temperatures that occurred in cultivation region. ‘Brazos’, ‘Guarani’, ‘Tupy’ and ‘Xavante’ showed good adaptation, being ‘Brazos’ the cultivar most productive.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Danilo Eduardo Rozane
2009-12-01
Full Text Available A análise foliar de nitrogênio, comumente empregada em laboratórios de rotina, é destrutiva e nem sempre rápida, obstante para a tomada de decisão. Objetivou-se com a pesquisa estudar as medidas SPAD, em mudas de goiabeira (Psidium guajava L. cultivada em solução nutritiva completa, observando-se as diferenças entre cultivares, épocas de amostragem e tipos de folhas avaliadas. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em parcelas sub-subdivididas. Assim, foi utilizada como parcela as duas cultivares de goiabeira (Paluma e Século XXI, como subparcelas os tipos de folhas (+1, +2 e +3 e, cinco épocas de amostragem ao longo do período experimental (60, 75, 90, 105 e 120 dias, após o transplantio de mudas Concluiu-se que a leitura SPAD em mudas de goiabeira é influenciada pela cultivar, tipo de folha e época de amostragem. O terceiro par de folhas mostrou-se mais adequado para avaliar o estado nutricional do nitrogênio nas mudas de goiabeira a partir da leitura SPAD. As cultivares de goiabeira apresentaram diferença na leitura SPAD apenas aos 60 e 90 dias após o transplantio, independentemente do tipo de folha.Foliar nitrogen analysis, also used in routine laboratories, is destructive and not always fast enough for decision making. The objective of this research was to study SPAD measurements, in guava seedlings (Psidium guajava L. cultivated in a complete nutritive solution, observing the differences between cultivation, times of sampling, and types of evaluated leaves. The experimental design was a completely randomized scheme, with four repetitions, in split lots. The lots consisted of two guava cultivars (Paluma and Século XXI, as sub-lots, the types of leaves (+1, +2 ,and +3, and five sampling times throughout the experimental period (60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 days. It was concluded that the SPAD measurements in guava seedlings are influenced by cultivation, type of leaf, and time of sampling. The
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rachel Benetti Queiroz Voltan
1996-01-01
Full Text Available Foi realizado um estudo de caracterização botânica em seis cultivares de morangueiro (Fragaria X ananassa Duch. quatro desenvolvidos no Brasil - 'Campinas (IAC-2712', 'Guarani (IAC-5074', 'AGF 080' e 'IAC Princesa Isabel' - e dois introduzidos - 'Reiko', do Japão, e 'Sequóia', dos Estados Unidos - visando sua distinção taxonômica. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos na Estação Experimental de Monte Alegre do Sul (SP durante os anos agrícolas de 1992/93. Os caracteres morfológicos que se mostraram úteis na diferenciação dos seis cultivares foram os seguintes: tipo de planta; número de folíolos; coloração da folha; razão entre o comprimento e a largura dos folíolos medianos; ângulo da base do limbo do folíolo mediano; comprimento das estipulas; posição das flores primárias em relação à folhagem; número de pétalas das flores primárias; razão entre o comprimento e a largura das pétalas; receptáculo do ovário; forma das infrutescências e da base da infrutescência; posição do cálice e calículo; espaços vazios no interior da infrutescência e comprimento e largura da infrutescência. Para a identificação dos cultivares, foi elaborada uma chave analítica. Os cultivares AGF 080 e Campinas não foram distinguidos com base nos caracteres analisados.Six strawberry cultivars (Fragaria X ananassa Duch., four developed in Brazil (AGF 080, Campinas, Guarani and IAC Princesa Isabel and two introduced (Reiko from Japan and Sequoia from USA were botanically evaluated in order to screening morphological vegetativa and reproductive characters to get the taxonomical distinction of them. Two experiments were carried out in 1992 and 1993 at the Experimental Station of Monte Alegre do Sul, Instituto Agronômico (IAC, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The following morphological characters were screened to distinguish the cultivars studied: growing habit; leaflet number; leaf colour; middle leaflet length and width ratio; middle
POTENCIAL PRODUTIVO DE CULTIVARES DE MORANGUEIRO
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
AMANDA GONÇALVES GUIMARÃES
2015-03-01
Full Text Available RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar o potencial produtivo de cultivares de morangueiro em região representativa do Alto Jequitinhonha. O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda Mape Frutas Ltda., localizada no município de Datas-MG, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com oito cultivares de morangueiro em quatro repetições, para verificar a produção de mudas e de frutos. A contagem da produção de estolões e de mudas foi realizada aos 180 dias após o plantio. A avaliação das variáveis relacionadas à produção de frutos foi feita duas vezes por semana, no período de maio a outubro de 2012. Das cultivares de dias curtos (Festival, Campinas, Toyonoka, Dover, Oso Grande e Camarosa e dias neutros (Diamante e Aromas, apenas Toyonoka foi a que apresentou menor desempenho para as variáveis. A significativa superioridade das cultivares Camarosa e Festival, para praticamente todas as variáveis avaliadas, permite recomendá-las para regiões com características edafoclimáticas semelhantes às da região onde o experimento foi conduzido. Dentre as cultivares avaliadas, as mais precoces tenderam a apresentar maior desempenho para variáveis relacionadas à produção de frutos.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carlos Antonio Fernandes Santos
2010-01-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer padrões alélicos e estimar as distâncias genéticas baseadas em marcador SSR de 44 cultivares de cebola adaptadas às condições de cultivo tropicais e subtropicais do Brasil. Para visualização da similaridade genética, utilizou-se o dendrograma UPGMA gerado da matriz de distâncias do coeficiente de Jaccard, com base em 40 alelos de 13 locos SSR. O DNA total foi extraído pelo método CTAB 2x, e os produtos de PCR foram analisados em géis de poliacrilamida desnaturante 6% e corados com nitrato de prata. O número de pares de bases foi estimado pelo método da mobilidade inversa, com base em regressão de produtos de tamanho conhecido. A média da heterozigosidade dos locos SSR foi 0,58. Os 40 alelos dos 13 locos SSR foram suficientes para distinguir as 44 cultivares de cebola. O maior número de alelos em comum foi observado entre as cultivares Yellow Granex e Henry's Special PRR e o menor, entre as cultivares Baia Periforme Super Precoce e Excel. Os sete grupos principais de cultivares identificados no dendrograma apresentaram concordância com a genealogia conhecida e o tipo agronômico das cultivares avaliadas. Os locos SSR selecionados são adequados para melhoramento e proteção de cultivares da espécie.The objective of this work was to establish allelic patterns and to estimate genetic distances based on the SSR marker in 44 onion cultivars adapted to Brazil's tropical and subtropical growing conditions. An UPGMA dendrogram generated from the distance matrix of the Jaccard's coefficient, based on 40 alleles of 13 SSR loci, was used for visualizing genetic similarities. Total DNA was extracted according to the CTAB 2x protocol, and the PCR products were analyzed in 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gels and stained with silver nitrate. The number of base pairs was estimated by the inverse mobility method, based on regression of products of known size. The heterozygosity mean was 0.58 for all
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Flávio Zanette
2010-04-01
Full Text Available The aim of this work was to characterize the phenological cycle of nine Vitis rotundifolia cultivars during the 2004/2005 season. The cultivars were Bontiful, Creek, Dixie, Magnolia, Magoon, Noble, Regale, Roanoke e Topsail. The experiment was performed on an orchard implanted in 1999 at the Canguiri Experimental Station of the Federal University of Paraná in Pinhais-PR. The phenology of two adult plants of each cultivar was monitored. The recorded phenological stages were: 1 Dormant bud; 2 Swollen bud; 3 Wool bud; 4 Green tip; 5 Bud burst (first leaf appearance; 6 Two to three leaves unfolded; 7 Five to six leaves unfolded; 8 Fully developed inflorescence; 9 Trace bloom (flowerhoods detached; 10 Full flowering (50% of the flowerhoods fallen; 11 Fruit set; 12 Groat-sized berries; 13 Pea-sized berries; 14 50% filled berries (beginning to touch berries; 15 Final size; 16 Color change; 17 Berries ripe for harvest; and 18 End of harvesting. A very long phenological cycle was observed when compared to species such as Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca. These evaluations allowed us to conclude that: a there is no difference in the phenological cycle periods between bronze and dark skinned cultivars; b cultivars presented desuniform wool bud to full flowering cycle, ranging from 25 days (‘Regale’ to 81 days (‘Creek’; c the cultivar Regale presented the longest cycle (203 days from full flowering to harvest and the cultivar Creek the shortest (136 days. The evaluated cultivars additionally presented desuniform ripening and a tendency to drop berries. O objetivo foi caracterizar o ciclo fenológico de nove cultivares de Vitis rotundifolia avaliadas na safra de 2004/2005. As cultivares estudadas foram as seguintes: Bontiful, Creek, Dixie, Magnolia, Magoon, Noble, Regale, Roanoke e Topsail. O trabalho foi realizado em um pomar do Setor de Fruticultura da Estação Experimental do Canguiri da Universidade Federal do Paraná, em Pinhais-PR, sendo que
Metabolomics-Driven Nutraceutical Evaluation of Diverse Green Tea Cultivars
Ida, Megumi; Kosaka, Reia; Miura, Daisuke; Wariishi, Hiroyuki; Maeda-Yamamoto, Mari; Nesumi, Atsushi; Saito, Takeshi; Kanda, Tomomasa; Yamada, Koji; Tachibana, Hirofumi
2011-01-01
Background Green tea has various health promotion effects. Although there are numerous tea cultivars, little is known about the differences in their nutraceutical properties. Metabolic profiling techniques can provide information on the relationship between the metabolome and factors such as phenotype or quality. Here, we performed metabolomic analyses to explore the relationship between the metabolome and health-promoting attributes (bioactivity) of diverse Japanese green tea cultivars. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated the ability of leaf extracts from 43 Japanese green tea cultivars to inhibit thrombin-induced phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This thrombin-induced phosphorylation is a potential hallmark of vascular endothelial dysfunction. Among the tested cultivars, Cha Chuukanbohon Nou-6 (Nou-6) and Sunrouge (SR) strongly inhibited MRLC phosphorylation. To evaluate the bioactivity of green tea cultivars using a metabolomics approach, the metabolite profiles of all tea extracts were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Multivariate statistical analyses, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), revealed differences among green tea cultivars with respect to their ability to inhibit MRLC phosphorylation. In the SR cultivar, polyphenols were associated with its unique metabolic profile and its bioactivity. In addition, using partial least-squares (PLS) regression analysis, we succeeded in constructing a reliable bioactivity-prediction model to predict the inhibitory effect of tea cultivars based on their metabolome. This model was based on certain identified metabolites that were associated with bioactivity. When added to an extract from the non-bioactive cultivar Yabukita, several metabolites enriched in SR were able to transform the extract into a bioactive extract
Suscetibilidade do capim-colonião e de cultivares de milho ao flúor
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rimena Ramos Domingues
2011-01-01
Full Text Available A emissão de fluoretos à atmosfera oriunda da produção de superfosfatos e de cerâmica tem causado preocupação pelo efeito tóxico às plantas, contudo são poucos os estudos desenvolvidos acerca do problema com espécie de interesse econômico agrícola. Desenvolveu-se o estudo para avaliar o efeito do flúor (F atmosférico em plantas de capim-colonião e de cultivares de milho, utilizando como referência espécies bioindicadoras do tipo sensível e tolerante. As plantas foram expostas à contaminação pelo F atmosférico por curtos períodos durante 32 dias em sistema de nebulização com 0,16 mol L-1 de ácido fluorídrico no ambiente interno de uma câmara (~0,20 mmol m-3 de F, havendo um controle não exposto, com quatro repetições. A exposição das plantas ao F causou aumento da concentração do elemento nas folhas até 60 mg kg-1 para o capim-colonião, e entre 100 mg kg-1 nas folhas novas e 170 mg kg-1 nas folhas velhas para quatro cultivares de milho, o que demonstrou o efeito cumulativo do elemento no ambiente. Sintomas visuais da toxicidade foram observados nas plantas e se caracterizaram pela ocorrência de cloroses e necroses na lâmina foliar. O capim-colonião é uma espécie bastante sensível ao poluente no ar. As cultivares de milho DKB 390 e Ômega 8315 também são mais sensíveis ao F quando comparadas às AG7088 e 2B707. Os teores de clorofila a nas plantas foram mais afetados pelo F em relação aos teores de clorofila b.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lebre, Antonio Carlos Pereira; Siva Neto, Helio Francisco da; Marques, Diogo; Marques, Marcos Omir; Tasso Junior, Luiz Carlos [Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV /UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias. Dept. de Tecnologia], E-mail: antoniocplebre8@hotmail.com
2010-07-01
In the search for sustainability a major concern relates to the sugarcane agroindustry waste, and their potential use as an energy source. In this sense, the objective was to identify the production and productivity of bagasse of different sugarcane cultivars, aimed at the completion of the cogeneration of electricity. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 6 treatments (cultivars) and 3 replications. The experiment was carried out at FCAV/UNESP-Jaboticabal. To calculate the productivity, the number of stems was counted in a meter, obtaining the weight of stems. The percentage of fiber for each cultivar was determined by calculating the estimated production and productivity of mulch. Using these values to estimate the potential number of people who could benefit from the electricity that would be produced by the combustion of bagasse generated within a system of cogeneration of electricity put in practice by the sugar mills and ethanol distilleries. Cultivars with the best performance IAC91-1099 and CEC 15 who obtained the highest production and productivity of mulch increases the number of people benefited. Cultivars IAC94-4004-5000 and IAC95 showed intermediate results and the cultivars SP81-3250 and RB855536 obtained less satisfactory results. (author)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Patrícia Soares Furno Fontes
2003-04-01
Full Text Available O experimento foi instalado num Argissolo Amarelo, no município de Itaocara-RJ (Latitude de 21º 39' 12" Sul e Longitude de 42º 04' 36" Oeste, com clima conforme Köppen, classificado como Awi, temperatura média anual em torno de 22,5ºC e precipitação anual de 1041 mm, com o objetivo de avaliar o estado nutricional e o desenvolvimento da bananeira cultivar Prata-Anã em função da aplicação de cinco doses de nitrogênio (0; 150; 300; 450 e 600 kg ha-1 ano-1 de N. Os teores dos nutrientes na matéria seca foliar não foram alterados pelas doses de N, exceções feitas ao Mn e ao Cl. Os teores foliares dos nutrientes variaram entre as épocas analisadas, com exceção do Ca. Não houve diferença nos teores de N na folha analisada, em função do incremento da adubação nitrogenada. Foram encontrados menores teores de K na matéria seca foliar, na época da inflorescência e formação do cacho. A adubação nitrogenada não afetou a época de florescimento e a altura do cacho. Observou-se diminuição na emissão de filhotes com o incremento das doses de N.The experiment was carried in Yellow Podzolic at Itaocara, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, (Latitude 21º 39' 12" South and Longitude 42º 04' 36" West, with climate, conform Köppen, classified as Awi,, to evaluate the nutritional status and the development of the banana cultivar "Prata Anã" in relation to five nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg ha-1 year-1 of N. In general, the analyzed nutrients contents in the leaf dry matter were not modified by the increase of N dosage, being exception Mn and Cl. The levels of leaf nutrients differed between sampling seasons, with the exception of Ca. There was no variation in the levels of N in the leaf dry matter, in relation to nitrogen fertilization. Lower levels of K were observed in the leaf dry matter during the blooming and bunch development. In the first growing cycle, the nitrogen fertilization had no effect
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Glauco Vieira Miranda
2003-06-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de melhoramento e a divergência genética de nove cultivares tropicais de milho-pipoca. A divergência genética foi estimada por meio da técnica de análise multivariada e as cultivares foram agrupadas com base na distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (DGM, utilizando o método de otimização de Tocher e a dispersão gráfica. Com produtividade de grãos acima de 3 t/ha, destacaram-se as cultivares CMS 43, IAC 112, Viçosa, CMS 42 e Branco, e com índices de capacidade de expansão acima de 24 (v/v, as cultivares IAC 112, RS 20 e Zélia. As estimativas da DGM indicaram (RS 20 e Beija-flor e (Rosa-claro e RS 20 os pares de cultivares mais distantes geneticamente, e (IAC 112 e Viçosa e (Branco e CMS 42, os pares mais similares. Foram identificados três ou quatro grupos divergentes dependendo do método de agrupamento. Para o melhoramento de milho-pipoca, as cultivares com maiores potenciais são RS 20, Zélia, IAC 112 e Beija-flor. As cultivares apresentam divergência genética.The objective of this paper was to evaluate the potential of breeding and genetic divergence in nine tropical popcorn cultivars. The genetic divergence was estimated using multivariate analysis techniques and the cultivars were grouped based in Mahalanobis' generalized distance (MGD, using Tocher's optimization and graphic dispersion. The best cultivars concerning the yield grain above 3 ton/ha were CMS 43, IAC 112, Viçosa, CMS 42 and Branco, and to popping expansion above 24 (v/v were IAC 112, RS 20 and Zélia. The estimates of MGD indicated the pairs genetically more distant (RS 20, Beija-flor and (Rosa-claro, RS 20 as well as pairs genetically more similar (IAC 112, Viçosa and (Branco, CMS 42. Tree or four genetic divergences groups were formed depending on the method. To popcorn breeding, cultivars with best potential are RS 20, Zélia, IAC 112, and Beija-flor. The cultivars show genetic divergence.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hellen Martins da Silveira
2012-12-01
altura. Aos 30 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos foram avaliadas aconcentração de CO2 subestomática, a taxa fotossintética e o CO2 consumido pela cultura. A mistura dos herbicidas fluazifop-pbutyl+fomesafen provocou incrementos na quantidade de CO2 consumida, concentração de CO2 na câmara subestomática e na taxa fotossintética dos cultivares avaliados. No entanto, a aplicação dos herbicidas separadamente não alterou as características avaliadas apresentando potencial para a utilização na fase de pós-emergência da mandioca.
New cultivars of jujube induced by mutation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hoang, V.T.; Tuynh, N.V.
1989-01-01
Full text: Mutation breeding of jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lin.) received attention by the Food Crops Research Institute since 1978. Mutations can be directly released as new cultivars or indirectly as bud grafting source. N-methyl-N-nitroso urea (MNH) was used at a concentration of 0.02-0.04% for 12 h treatment of pre-germinated seeds of different jujube cultivars. Some useful mutants were selected and directly released as new cultivars to farmers. Of the selected mutants two cultivars, ''Ma hong'' and ''Dao tien'', are the most preferable and popularly grown in the country. ''Ma hong'' is a mutant of ''Gia Loc'', a very popular cultivar. Main useful traits of ''Gia Loc'' such as early maturing, two crops of fruits per year are maintained (harvest in December and August). ''Ma hong'' has round-formed, pink rose coloured, sweeter fruits and stable fruit yield in off-season (Aug.) as compared with oval-formed, yellow-coloured and sour fruit of ''Gia Loc''. ''Dao tien'' is a mutant of the local variety ''Thien Phien'' with quite different traits. The original cultivar is late maturing (harvested in Feb.) with one crop of fruit per year and has small fruits (mean wt. of fruit at harvest 20 g). ''Dao tien'' is one month earlier in maturing allowing two crops of fruit per year (harvested in Jan. and Nov.). Fruits are round-formed, bigger (mean wt. of fruit: 25 g) and more tasteful (peach-flavored and brittle). (author)
Morphological diversity in fourteen cultivars Tiron village, Kediri, Indonesia
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nur Azis Fuad
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Tiron village, Kediri is one of central mangoes in Indonesia. Many cultivar of mangoes encountered at this location. This study aims to look at the diversity of mango cultivars in the Tiron Village, Kediri, Indonesia. Mangoes diversity is based on qualitative and quantitative character of each cultivar. The diversity among cultivar indicated by the standard deviation and variance in the eleven quantitative characters of mango. Mango cultivars categorized by phylogeny morphological characters. The method used for phylogeny analysis is an UPGMA method (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. Phylogenic analysis is based by the qualitative character of the plant. The results showed there were fourteen cultivars of mango in the village of Tiron Kediri have high diversity. Fourteen mango cultivars were categorized four groups. Based on a qualitative character, there are four classes of mango. The first group is the Katul, Podang Urang, and Podang Lumut. The second group is the Gadung, Jaran, Madu, Endog, Pakel, Dodonilo, Ireng, Lanang and Cantek. Santok Kapur into groups to form groups of three and Kopyor fourth. The high diversity in the village mango Tiron Kediri potential for resource in situ germplasm.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
S. PERTTILÄ
2008-12-01
Full Text Available Both digestibility and performance experiments were carried out to evaluate the nutritive value of triticale for growing-finishing pigs.In experiment 1,the apparent ileal and faecal digestibility of nutrients in barley (Hordeum vulgare cv.Viiviand two triticale (Tritico secale cultivars, Moreno and Ulrika, were measured using six cannulated barrows with a body weight (BWof 82-107 kg.In experiment 2,132 pigs were used over 25-100 kg BW to study the effects of replacing barley in a barley-soyabean meal-based diet with graded amounts of triticale cv.Moreno (25,50,75,or 100% and cv.Ulrika (50 or 100%.The apparent ileal and faecal digestibilities of dry matter and organic matter were higher for both triticale cultivars than for barley (P 0.05.The apparent ileal digestibility of lysine averaged 65.6, 70.8, and 70.5% for barley and triticale cv.Moreno and Ulrika,respectively.The net energy content of triticales (11.5 MJ kg-1 DMwas 0.4 MJ kg -1 DM higher than that of barley.The replacement of barley with the triticale cultivars Moreno and Ulrika exerted a positive quadratic effect on daily weight gain and the feed conversion ratio of pigs from 50 to 100 kg and from 25 to 100 kg BW (P
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Liao, Luciano Morais; Choze, Rafael; Cavalcante, Pedro Paulo Araujo; Santos, Suzana da Costa; Ferri, Pedro Henrique, E-mail: luciano@quimica.ufg.b [Universidade Federal de Goias (UFG), Goiania, GO (Brazil). Inst. de Quimica; Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto [Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFScar), SP (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica
2010-07-01
The application of one-dimensional proton high-resolution magic angle spinning ({sup 1}H HR-MAS) NMR combined with a typical advantages of solid and liquid-state NMR techniques was used as input variables for the multivariate statistical analysis. In this paper, different cultivars of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) developed and in development by EMBRAPA - Arroz e Feijao were analyzed by {sup 1}H HR-MAS, which have been demonstrated to be a valuable tool in its differentiation according chemical composition and avoid the manipulation of the samples as used in other techniques. (author)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Leandro Galon
2012-08-01
Full Text Available Objetivou-se com o trabalho verificar os teores foliares dos macronutrientes e o desenvolvimento das cultivares de cana-açúcar 'RB72454', 'RB867515' e 'SP801816' em competição com populações de Brachiaria brizantha. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: 1 cultivar de cana-de-açúcar 'RB72454' e população de B. brizantha de 0, 1, 3, 7, 15, 32, 40, 32, 64, 92, 88 e 112; 2 'RB867515' e 0, 1, 4, 14, 10, 18, 28, 30, 36, 54, 52 e 72; 3 'SP801816' e 0, 1, 3, 6, 14, 20, 24, 26, 26, 32, 46 e 56 plantas m-2. Aos 120 dias após a emergência da cultura, foi quantificada a massa seca (MS da parte aérea da cana-de-açúcar e da B. brizantha. Aos 290 dias após a emergência (DAE, foram coletadas amostras das folhas +3 (terceira folha a partir do ápice das plantas, nas quais foram avaliadas as concentrações de nitrogênio total, fósforo, potássio, magnésio e cálcio. Com o aumento da população de B. brizantha, observou-se redução da MS somente na cultivar 'RB72454'. O aumento na população de B. brizantha reduziu a concentração de fósforo em todas as cultivares, nitrogênio em 'RB72454' e 'SP801816', potássio e magnésio para 'RB72454'. Nas populações mais elevadas de B. brizantha, houve maior competição pelos nutrientes disponíveis no meio, sendo o fósforo o mais limitante. A cultivar 'RB72454' foi a menos competitiva pelos nutrientes no solo. As cultivares apresentaram redução média de 76% na produtividade de colmos na densidade máxima de B. brizantha.This trial aimed to verify foliar levels of macronutrients and development of sugarcane cultivars 'RB72454', 'RB867515' and 'SP801816' under competition with populations of Brachiaria brizantha. The field trial was installed where treatments were: 1 Sugarcane 'RB72454' and B. brizantha population of 0, 1, 3, 7, 15, 32, 40, 32, 64, 92, 88 e 112; 2 'RB867515' e 0, 1, 4, 14, 10, 18, 28, 30, 36, 54, 52 e 72; 3 'SP801816' e 0, 1, 3, 6, 14, 20, 24, 26, 26, 32, 46 e 56 plants m-2. At 120
Molecular characterization of olive cultivars grown in Iraq using ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The results of this research confirmed AFLP and SSR to be useful tools in genetic relationships among olive cultivars, in creating a molecular database for Iraqi olive cultivars, in breeding strategies and in correct cultivar identification. Keywords: Olea europaea, genetic diversity, amplified fragment length polymorphism ...
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
ALEXANDRE DE ALMEIDA E SILVA; ELENICE MOURO VARANDA; JOS(E) RICARDO BAROSELA
2006-01-01
Biology of the aphid Therioaphis maculata was studied on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), including four resistant (Mesa-Sirsa, CUF101, Baker and Lahontan) and two susceptible (ARC and Caliverde) alfalfa cultivars, and one of the most cropped Brazilian cultivars, Crioula. Under controlled conditions, antibiosis (i.e., reduced longevity, fecundity and increased mortality of the aphid) was observed mainly on the resistant alfalfa cultivars,except on Lahontan. Crioula seemed to be tolerant to aphids. Present data support geographic limitation usage of cultivars, and we suggest Baker and Mesa-Sirsa as sources of antibiosis,and provide biological information of a tropical T. maculata biotype on alfalfa.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carlos Eduardo Rossi
2004-03-01
Full Text Available Pesquisaram-se as reações de 11 cultivares de rabanete a Meloidogyne javanica e sua patogenicidade a uma dessas cultivares. No estudo de reações, os tratamentos/cultivares foram 'Comprido Branco', 'Crimson Gigante', 'Ponta Branca', 'Comprido Vermelho', 'Serrano', 'Gigante Wurzburgo', 'Saxa', 'Redondo Vermelho', 'Redondo Gigante', 'Cometo' e 'Akamaru Hatsuka'. Determinaram-se os índices de galhas (IG e de massas de ovos (IMO, o número de nematóides no sistema radicular (NSR e por grama de raiz (NGR e o fator de reprodução (FR 53 dias após a inoculação artificial com 2.000 ovos do parasito. Em outro experimento, avaliaram-se os efeitos de três densidades populacionais do nematóide [0, 500 (nível populacional baixo e 10.000 (nível populacional alto ovos/planta] sobre as massas frescas e secas de túberas e de parte aérea da cultivar 'Redondo Gigante', 39 dias após a inoculação. Os resultados mostraram que todas as cultivares permitiram a reprodução de M. javanica, sendo portanto consideradas suscetíveis. Valores de IG e IMO foram maiores ou iguais a 2,5 e os de FR, maiores do que 8,0 para todas as cultivares estudadas. O parasito causou diminuição significativa nas massas frescas e secas de túberas e de partes aéreas nos dois níveis populacionais estudados comparados com o controle não inoculado. As médias dos tratamentos contendo níveis populacionais baixo e alto do nematóide também diferiram estatisticamente entre si, comprovando-se, assim, a sua ação patogênica sobre a cultivar avaliada.Experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to determine the reaction of eleven radish (Raphanus sativus cultivars to Meloidogyne javanica and the pathogenicity of this nematode to a previously selected cultivar. The cultivars tested were 'Comprido Branco', 'Crimson Gigante', 'Ponta Branca', 'Comprido Vermelho', 'Serrano', 'Gigante Wurzburgo', 'Saxa', 'Redondo Vermelho', 'Redondo Gigante', 'Cometo' and 'Akamaru
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Javad Hamzei
2016-07-01
Full Text Available Introduction The lentil or masoor (Lens culinaris L. is a brushy annual plant of the legume family, grown for its lens-shaped seeds. Lentil has been one of the first crops domesticated in the Near East. With 26% protein, lentil is the vegetable with the highest level of protein other than soybeans, and it is an important part of people’s diet in many parts of the world. It is reported that the average yield of lentil is considerably low compared to its potential yield of 1500-2000 kg ha-1, obtained in the research field. Such lower yield may be attributed to the poor management of the crop among which poor weed management is an important one. Lentil crop is not very competitive against weeds due to small and weak canopy. Weed reduces yield through competition with crop plants for space, moisture, light and plant nutrients. Generally 20 to 30% losses of grain yield are quite usual and may increase even 50%, if the crop management practices are not properly followed (Deihimfard et al., 2007. The modern lentil varieties give good yield if the land remains weed free for the first one month. However, most of the farmers are reluctant to control weeds in lentil field timely and finally, loses yield. Inadequate weed control was found to reduce the yield 40-66% in lentil (Erman et al., 2008; McDonald et al., 2007. A major component of integrated weed management is the use of more competitive crops, although the selection of better crop competitiveness is a difficult task. The use of competitive plants for weed control could be considered cost-effective and less labour-intensive, and thus reduces the amount of herbicides required. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate lentil competitive ability and to compare the effects of cultivar selection. Materials and methods An experiment was carried out as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD with 10 treatments and three replications. Experimental treatments included hand
Abeysekara, Saman; Khan, Nazir A.; Yu, Peiqiang
2018-02-01
Protein solubility, ruminal degradation and intestinal digestibility are strongly related to their inherent molecular makeup. This study was designed to quantitatively evaluate protein digestion in the rumen and intestine of dairy cattle, and estimate the content of truly metabolizable protein (MP) in newly developed cool-season forage corn cultivars. The second objective was to quantify protein inherent molecular structural characteristics using advance molecular spectroscopic technique (FT/IR-ATR) and correlate it to protein metabolic characteristics. Six new cool-season corn cultivars, including 3 Pioneer (PNR) and 3 Hyland (HL), coded as PNR-7443R, PNR-P7213R, PNR-7535R, HL-SR06, HL-SR22, HL-BAXXOS-RR, were evaluated in the present study. The metabolic characteristics, MP supply to dairy cattle, and energy synchronization properties were modeled by two protein evaluation models, namely, the Dutch DVE/OEB system and the NRC-2001 model. Both models estimated significant (P contents of microbial protein (MCP) synthesis and truly absorbable rumen undegraded protein (ARUP) among the cultivars. The NRC-2001 model estimated significant (P content and degraded protein balance (DPB) among the cultivars. The contents MCP, ARUP and MP were higher (P < 0.05) for cultivar HL-SR06, resulting in the lowest (P < 0.05) DPB. However, none of the cultivars reached the optimal target hourly effective degradability ratio [25 g N g/kg organic matter (OM)], demonstrating N deficiency in the rumen. There were non-significant differences among the cultivars in molecular-spectral intensities of protein. The amide I/II ratio had a significant correlation with ARUP (r = - 0.469; P < 0.001) and absorbable endogenous protein (AECPNRC) (P < 0.001; r = 0.612). Similarly, amide-II area had a weak but significant correlation (r = 0.299; P < 0.001) with RUP and ARUP, and with AECPNRC (P < 0.001; r = 0.411). Except total digestible nutrients and AECPNRC, the amide-I area did not show significant
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
E Bijanzadeh
2011-01-01
Full Text Available Abstract Salt stress is a major stress influencing wheat seedling establishment. A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of 20 cultivars of wheat to two levels of salinity (8 and 16 dS/m NaCl, at the College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran in 2008. Maximum root length was obtained in Dabira (5.73 mm at 16dS/m salinity level. In control, durum wheat cultivars including D81-17, Yavaros, D82-16, D79-15 and Taro3 had the maximum root length compared to bread wheat, however, with increasing salinity level to 16dS/m, minimum root length was observed in D82-16 (0.3 mm. In all cultivars, with increasing salinity level, shoot length was decreased and minimum shoot length was observed in D82-16 and D79-15. Under control conditions, Taro 3 cultivar had maximum seedling dry weight (108.6 mm, however, at 8 and 16 dS/m salinity levels, seedling dry weight of this cultivar was decreased to 92.33 and 78.43 mg, respectively. All seeds (100% were germinated in D82-16, Taro3, Bolani Cross, and Chamran cultivars under 16 dS/m but in Marvdasht cultivar, seed germination percentage under 8 and 16 dS/m reached to 65 and 50%, respectively. Shiraz (10.8 seeds/day, Adl Cross(10 seeds/day, and Bolani Cross (9.1 seeds/day had maximum germination rate under 16 dS/m salinity level. Differences among wheat cultivars also found in germination stress index (germination rate under stress divided by germination rate under control and Shiraz, Adl Cross and Bolani Cross had maximum germination stress index, while Yavaros and D82-16 had minimum germination stress index. Furthermore, with increasing salinity level, different responses were observed among wheat cultivars in root and shoot length, germination rate and germination stress index which demonstrated the genetic diversity among wheat cultivars. It appeared that durum wheat cultivars, compared to bread wheat cultivars, had lower germination stress index and germination rate. Among what
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Danilo Eduardo Rozane
2011-12-01
Full Text Available A participação do Brasil no mercado externo de frutas tem aumentado consideravelmente e com potencial para crescer ainda mais. A constante ascensão dos dados de exportação brasileira é resultado da combinação de avanços tecnológicos do setor produtivo e de acesso a novos mercados consumidores. A caramboleira apresenta-se como uma excelente opção de cultivo de frutas exóticas, com grande potencial para atender ao mercado interno e às exportações. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a marcha de absorção e de acúmulo de nutrientes em mudas de caramboleiras cultivadas em solução nutritiva. O experimento foi realizado em parcelas subdivididas, sendo utilizadas como parcela as duas cultivares de caramboleira ('B-10' e 'Golden Star' e, como subparcelas, cinco épocas de coleta de plantas, realizadas aos 208; 233; 258; 283 e 308 dias após o transplantio para a solução nutritiva. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. As mudas foram cultivadas em vasos (8L com solução nutritiva (pH=5,5 ± 0,5, com aeração. O experimento iniciou-se em 24-08-2005. Nos diferentes órgãos das mudas (folhas, caule e raízes, determinaram-se a marcha de absorção, o acúmulo de nutrientes e os índices nutricionais. Não houve diferenças no acúmulo de nutrientes entre as mudas de caramboleira de ambas as cultivares, sendo a ordem decrescente dos nutrientes em cada muda de 'B-10', no final do período experimental: N > K > Ca > Mg > S > P > Fe > Mn > B > Cu > Zn. Para a 'Golden Star', a ordem foi: N > K > Ca > Mg > P > S > Fe > Mn > B > Cu > Zn. Para as duas cultivares, o acúmulo médio foi maior nas folhas > caule > raízes. O período de maior exigência para 'B-10' foi entre 208 - 233 e, para 'Golden Star', entre 233 - 283 dias após o transplantio. As diferentes taxas de acumulação líquida dos nutrientes, nos diferentes órgãos da caramboleira, nem sempre acompanharam a taxa de acumulação de nutrientes do
Different growing conditions affect nutrient content, fruit yield and growth in strawberry
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Demirsory, L.; Demirsoy, H.; Balci, G.
2011-01-01
This study aimed to determine the effects of organic and conventional growing on contents of some nutrient elements, nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn), yield and some growth parameters such as leaf area, petiole length, petiole diameter, crown number, crow n diameter, leaf, root dry weight in 'Sweet Charlie' and 'Camarosa' strawberry cultivars. This study consisted of two strawberry cultivars ('Camarosa' and 'Sweet Charlie'), two growing systems (organic and conventional growing) and two different mulches (black and floating sheet). There was significant difference among treatments in terms of P, K, and Mn content in root and Fe content in leaf and yield and some growth parameters. The best treatment in terms of yield and growth parameters was conventional growing with black plastic in 'Camarosa' while the best treatments were organic growing with floating sheet and black plastic in 'Sweet Charlie' in terms of P, K in root and organic growing with floating sheet in 'Sweet Charlie' in terms of Fe in leaf. (author)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Marisol G. A. de Leão
2010-11-01
Full Text Available A diagnose foliar é um critério para avaliação do estado nutricional das culturas agrícolas, que auxilia na compreensão da fertilidade do solo e na aplicação racional de adubos, levando em conta aspectos econômicos e ambientais. O trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar as formas do relevo como regra para auxiliar na interpretação da variabilidade espacial dos teores de nutrientes da folha de citros. Coletas de folhas foram realizadas em intervalos regulares de 50 m, totalizando 332 pontos de amostragem. Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva, geoestatística e indução da árvore de decisão. Com o auxílio do modelo digital de elevação (MDE e do perfil planialtimétrico, a área foi dividida em diferentes formas do relevo e segmentos de vertente. Os maiores valores para os nutrientes da folha de citros foram observados no topo em relação aos segmentos de meia encosta e encosta inferior. Os nutrientes da folha de citros apresentaram altos valores de correlação (>0,05 com a altitude da área estudada, acima de 0,5. A técnica de geoestatística e a indução pela árvore de decisão demonstram que o relevo é a variável com maior potencial para interpretar os mapas de variabilidade espacial dos nutrientes da folha de citros comparada com outras variáveis de campo como comprimento de rampa e declive.Foliar diagnosis is a method for assessing the nutritional status of agricultural crops, which helps in the understanding of soil fertility and rationalized application of fertilizers taking into account economic and environmental criteria. The study aimed to use the landrelief as criteria to assist in interpreting the spatial variability of nutrient content of the citrus leaf. The leaves were collected at regular intervals of 50 m, totaling 332 sampling points. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, geostatistics and induction of decision tree. With the aid of digital elevation model (MDE and the profile
Stem rust seedling resistance genes in Ethiopian wheat cultivars ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Thirty durum wheat (19 commercial cultivars and 11 breeding lines) and 30 bread wheat (20 commercial cultivars and 10 breeding lines) were tested for gene postulation. Stem rust infection types produced on wheat cultivars and breeding lines by ten Pgt races was compared with infection types produced on 40 near ...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Raquel SC Nunes
2012-03-01
Full Text Available Taro (Colocasia esculenta is a tuberous plant belonging to the Araceae family whose tuber is the 14th most consumed food crop in the world. Characterized as an unconventional vegetable, taro is grown in Brazil as a subsistence crop, but in recent years began to gain commercial importance, especially in the states of Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. To avoid loss of genetic diversity of the local varieties traditionally grown in Brazil a core collection for taro germplasm has been developed by the Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do estado do Espirito Santo (Incaper. The aim of this study was to perform a molecular characterization of the seven regional core collections. Genetic diversity of the cultivars was investigated by using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats polymorphisms, in seven loci (Xuqtem55, Xuqtem73, Xuqtem84, Xuqtem88, Xuqtem91, Xuqtem97 and Xuqtem110. Genetic diversity of the cultivars, based on the seven microsatellite alleles, was evaluated by using the software GelCompar II, showed that the loci Xuqtem73, Xuqtem88 and Xuqtem110 were the most informative, featuring 7, 10 and 8 alleles, respectively, a percentage of cultivars with polymorphic alleles of 85, 57 and 100% and identical PIC of 0.91. Based on Xuqtem110 locus analysis, the seven cultivars were grouped in two clusters. Chinês Regional Incaper cultivar was originated from Chinês cultivar which originated the São Bento cultivar, corroborating previous results. Macaquinho and Chinês cultivars were shown to be the primitive ones originating the allelic collections found in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Espirito Santo.O taro (Colocasia esculenta é uma hortaliça da família Araceae cujo rizoma é o décimo quarto alimento vegetal mais consumido no mundo. Caracterizado como uma hortaliça não convencional, o taro é cultivado no Brasil como uma cultura de subsistência, mas nos últimos anos começou a ser
Evaluation of Garlic Cultivars for Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties
Cheng, Siqiong; Li, Panpan; Du, Junna; Chang, Yanxia; Meng, Huanwen
2013-01-01
Two phenolic compound parameters (total phenolic and flavonoid contents) and 5 antioxidant parameters (DPPH [2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl] radical scavenging activity, HRSC (hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity), FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power), CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity), and MCA (metal chelating activity) were measured in bulbs and bolts of 43 garlic cultivars. The bulbs of cultivar ‘74-x’ had the highest phenolic content (total phenolic, flavonoids) and the strongest antioxidant capacity (DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC), followed by bulbs of cultivar ‘Hanzhong purple’; the bulbs of cultivar ‘Gailiang’ had the lowest phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (FRAP, CUPRAC, MCA). The bolts of ‘Hanzhong purple’ also had higher phenolic content. Principal components analysis (PCA) separated the cultivars into 3 groups according to phenolic and flavonoid contents and strength of antioxidant activity. The first group had higher HRSC, FRAP, and flavonoid content; the second group had higher total phenolic content and MCA; some cultivars in the third group had higher HRSC and FRAP. All 8 test garlic bulb extracts successfully prevented Human Vascular Endothelial Cell death and significantly prevented reactive-oxygen species (ROS) formation in oxidative stress model, in which cultivar ‘74-x’ had highest protection capability, following by cultivar ‘Hanzhong purple’, and the bulbs of cultivar ‘No. 105 from Korea’ had the lower protection capability against cell death and ROS formation. The protection capability in vivo of these garlic cultivars was consistent with their phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. PMID:24232741
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
S. Khaninejad
2017-03-01
Full Text Available Introduction In recent years, rainfall deficiency was an increasing problem in most countries; which limited the production of agricultural crops. Among abiotic stresses the plants encountered, drought stress is considered as the most important limiting factor in plants growth and reproduction in natural and agricultural systems through most parts of the world; while drought stress causes 45% increase in the crops among various stress making factors (biotic and abiotic. A suitable procedure for controlling drought stress in agriculture is making the symbiotic relation between plants and mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi decrease the plant ability in absorbing nutrients, ion balance, keeping enzyme activity, increasing chlorophyll density and root-soil connection; they decline the hazards caused by stress and decrease the plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Potato is one of the most valuable sources to provide human food in the developing countries and is one of the most productive crops, while its production is twofold to rice and wheat. Producing more than 5 million tones potato makes this crop as the first utilizable nutrient after wheat, in this country. Potato is sensitive to soil humidity caused by limited and low-deep root system. Materials and Methods Thus, an investigation was conducted to examine the effect of three of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices and Glomus fasciculatum on two potato cultivars (Agria and Fontana under drought stress and control conditions, in factorial experiment based on complete randomize block with three repetitions in research greenhouse of Ferdowsi University in 2012. In control treatment, irrigating was done when field capacity got 80% and it was conducted to 100% field capacity. Stress treatment was done when the field capacity got 60% and continued to 80% field capacity. Fungus treatment was done with a 100g mixture of inoculum including mycorrhizal root sections of corn
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luciano do Amarante
2012-09-01
Full Text Available The southern State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS is the main rice producer in Brazil with a 60% participation of the national production and 86% participation of the region. Rice culture irrigation system is done by flooding, which leads to soil salinization, a major environmental constraint to production since it alters the plants’ metabolism exposed to this type of stress. The indica cultivar, widely used in RS, has a higher sensitivity to salinity when compared to that of the japonica cultivar in other physiological aspects. Current research analyzes enzymes expression involved in salt-subjected indica and japonica rice cultivars’ respiration. Oryza sativa L. spp. japonica S.Kato (BRS Bojuru, IAS 12-9 Formosa and Goyakuman and Oryza sativa L. spp. indica S. Kato (BRS Taim-7, BRS Atalanta and BRS Querencia were the cultivars employed. Seedlings were transferred to 15 L basins containing 50% Hoagland nutrient solution increased by 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl, and collected at 14, 28 and 42 days after transfer (DAT. Plant tissues were macerated and placed in eppendorf tubes with Scandálios extractor solution. Electrophoresis was performed in 7% of the polyacrylamide gels in vertical vats. Bands were revealed for the following enzymes systems: esterase, alcohol dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and alpha amylase. The enzymes expression was greater in subspecies japonica, with more intense bands in proportion to salinity increase. Results show that enzyme systems are involved in the salinity defense mechanisms in O. sativa spp. japonica cultivar.
Secondary metabolism responses in two Pisum sativum L. cultivars ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Both cultivars were grown in the absence or presence of Fe with the addition of bicarbonate for twelve days. Higher concentrations of phenols and flavonoids were observed in Fe-deficient tissues of both cultivars; however, the increase was greater in the tolerant cultivar than in the susceptible one. The activity of shikimate ...
Hu, Zhengkun; Chen, Xiaoyun; Zhu, Chunwu; Bonkowski, Michael; Hu, Shuijin; Li, Huixin; Hu, Feng; Liu, Manqiang
2017-04-01
activities involved in carbon and nutrient cycling. Our results indicated that resource quality played a pivotal role in mediating soil functionality as it primarily determined the rate and degree of decomposition, but soil community composition could modify how resource quality affected this soil process. eCO2 and crop cultivar migration significantly altered straw quality and soil community composition, and thus affected soil functioning. Our findings highlight that alterations of soil functional guilds under future climate and appropriate agricultural strategy change the carbon and nutrient cycling of ecosystem. Key-words: Global change; Nitrogen input; Crop cultivar; Rhizosphere food webs; Root microbiome; Microbial community; Soil fauna
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gholamhossein DAVARYNEJAD
2012-11-01
Full Text Available Edible nuts have an increasing role in human diet. Pistachio is a popular but less known kind of edible nut nevertheless it is rich in health benefiting nutrients, minerals, antioxidants and vitamins. Therefore, this study attempts to determine the antioxidants capacity, total phenolics and amount of some major elements (nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus, present in the most important Iranian pistachio nut, to enhance the health benefits, and use in breeding programs. For this reason eleven pistachio cultivars (‘Akbary’, ‘Ahmad Aghaii’, ‘Daneshmandi’, ‘Kalle Ghoochi 1’, ‘Kalle Ghoochi 2’, ‘Garmeh’, ‘Ohadi 1’, ‘Ohadi 2’, ‘Sefid’, ‘Momtaz’, and chance seedling tree ("None-grafted" as control which are grown in commercial orchards of Fayzabad (Khorasan-e-Razavi were analyzed for determination of some major elements, antioxidants capacity and total phenolics contents. The results showed that the amounts of the nutrients in 100 g kernel were within the following ranges: N 2.5-4.1 g, P 355.9-546.6 mg, K 573.6-994.9 mg and Ca 61.5-134.5 mg. Total phenolics content varied from 5.3-9.9 mg gallic acid equivalents in g fresh weight. The results also showed that the capacity of antioxidant ranged from 1.6-3.7 (mg ascorbic acid equivalents in g fresh weight. Weak correlation was observed between total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity (r2=0.3824. The result demonstrates that there is adequate variation in major elements, antioxidants capacity and total phenolics contents within pistachio cultivars and hence there is potential for improvement towards enhancing these health-promoting photochemical in this nuts.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
D. Agostinetto
2004-06-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de cultivares de arroz irrigado e de épocas de adubação nitrogenada durante o ciclo da cultura sobre a habilidade competitiva do cereal em relação ao cultivar EEA 406, usado como simulador da planta daninha arrozvermelho. Para isso, conduziu-se experimento em campo, na estação de crescimento 2001/02. Os tratamentos, dispostos em esquema fatorial, constaram de cultivares de arroz (BRS-38 Ligeirinho, IRGA 417 e BR-IRGA 409, épocas de aplicação do nitrogênio (N (100% do N na semeadura, 50% do N na semeadura mais 50% no início da diferenciação da panícula (IDP, 100% no IDP e testemunha sem o adubo e populações do cultivar simulador do arroz-vermelho. Para relacionar as perdas de produtividade de grãos de arroz com populações do cultivar simulador, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão da hipérbole retangular, ajustado de modo independente para os fatores estudados. Verificou-se que a época de aplicação do N influenciou na habilidade competitiva dos cultivares de arroz. Cultivares de ciclo muito curto e curto apresentaram maior habilidade competitiva com o cultivar simulador, quando a adubação foi realizada na semeadura, enquanto o cultivar de ciclo médio se beneficiou do fracionamento da adubação na semeadura e no IDP.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of flooded rice cultivars and timings of nitrogen fertilizer application during the crop cycle on the competitive ability of this cereal in relation to EEA 406 cultivar, used as a mimicker of red rice. Thus, a field experiment was carried out during the 2001/02 growing season. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design,comprising the rice cultivars (BRS-38 Ligeirinho, IRGA 417, and BR-IRGA 409, nitrogen (N application timings (100% at sowing, 50% at sowing plus 50% at the beginning of panicle differentiation (BPD, 100% at BPD, and check without fertilizer, and densities of the mimicker cultivar. In
Production of cultivars of Anthurium andraeanum in Acorizal-MT conditions
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carmen Lúcia Ferreira Fava
2014-11-01
cover with sugarcane bagasse. The cultivars Eidibel and Supremo were the most productive with 2,4 stalks/month/plant; the bigger spathe was obtained by the cultivar Brasão with 17,2 cm of width and 12,6 cm length; and the cultivar Sonata presents the bigger spadix with 7,6 cm. The seven cultivars of anthurium, as a cut flower, develop and bloom satisfactorily.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Késia Silva Lourenço
2013-04-01
Full Text Available O feijoeiro é tradicionalmente cultivado em pequenas propriedades, onde é comum o uso de dejetos animais para adubação das culturas. Como é uma cultura de ciclo curto, os nutrientes precisam estar disponíveis logo após a germinação, o que nem sempre acontece quando a fertilização ocorre a partir de fertilizantes orgânicos. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de diferentes camas de aves em relação aos fertilizantes minerais na produção de matéria seca e na liberação de nutrientes para o feijoeiro, em casa de vegetação. O experimento foi conduzido em 2010, com amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico com 16 g kg-1 de matéria orgânica, 1,9 e 84 mg dm-3 de P e K, respectivamente, e pH 6,0. Adotou-se delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com 10 tratamentos e cinco repetições. As unidades experimentais foram constituídas por vasos com 14 dm³ de solo e cinco plantas de feijão, do cultivar BRS Requinte, durante 60 dias. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco camas de aves compostas pelos seguintes materiais: palha de milho, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, palha de pastagem natural, areia ou acícula de Pinus, formulações de nutrientes (NPK, NP, PK e NK e um testemunha, sem nenhum fertilizante. Os fertilizantes minerais com P proporcionaram maior produção de matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA e de raízes (MSRA do feijoeiro do que as camas de aves, por causa da maior liberação para o solo de N e P disponíveis. Dentre as camas estudadas, aquela constituída por areia foi a que proporcionou os maiores valores de MSPA e de MSRA. As plantas fertilizadas com as camas de aves acumularam, em média, 58,6 % do N e 59,0 % do P, em relação às fertilizadas com os tratamentos que continham N e P minerais. A taxa de recuperação pelas plantas de N e K foi maior para os nutrientes aplicados na forma mineral do que na orgânica. As camas de aves podem ser utilizadas como fertilizantes para a cultura do
Oil and fatty acid composition of peanut cultivars grown in Pakistan
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hassan, F.; Ahmed, M.
2012-01-01
Quality and flavor of edible peanuts and its products are affected by fatty acid composition of oil. The information related to chemical composition of Peanut grown in the country are scarce, therefore, the present investigation was designed to determine the oil and fatty acid composition of some commonly grown peanut cultivars in Pakistan. Seven Peanut cultivars were grown during 2008 in randomized complete block design replicated thrice. The tested cultivars differed significantly for oil content which ranged from 49.83 to 53.06% on dry weight basis, thus showing differences of 7% among cultivars. The saturated fatty acids (Palmetic and Stearic acid) in different cultivars ranged between 9.95 to 10.79% and 1.63 to 2.19%, respectively. Differences among cultivars for oleic acid exhibited significance which ranged between 49.34 to 54.83%. Similarly, cultivars differed statistically for linoleic ac id which showed a range of 28.99 to 34.23%, thus depicted difference of 7%. Significant differences among tested cultivars may be attributed to the place of origin of particular cultivar. An inverse relationship was exhibited between oleic and linoleic acid, similar to other edible oils. (author)
Javed, M Tariq; Akram, M Sohail; Tanwir, Kashif; Javed Chaudhary, Hassan; Ali, Qasim; Stoltz, Eva; Lindberg, Sylvia
2017-07-01
Our earlier work described that the roots of two maize cultivars, grown hydroponically, differentially responded to cadmium (Cd) stress by initiating changes in medium pH depending on their Cd tolerance. The current study investigated the root exudation, elemental contents and antioxidant behavior of the same maize cultivars [cv. 3062 (Cd-tolerant) and cv. 31P41 (Cd-sensitive)] under Cd stress. Plants were maintained in a rhizobox-like system carrying soil spiked with Cd concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μmol/kg soil. The root and shoot Cd contents increased, while Mg, Ca and Fe contents mainly decreased at higher Cd levels, and preferentially in the sensitive cultivar. Interestingly, the K contents increased in roots of cv. 3062 at low Cd treatments. The Cd stress caused acidosis of the maize root exudates predominantly in cv. 3062. The concentration of various organic acids was significantly increased in the root exudates of cv. 3062 with applied Cd levels. This effect was diminished in cv. 31P41 at higher Cd levels. Cd exposure increased the relative membrane permeability, anthocyanin (only in cv. 3062), proline contents and the activities of peroxidases (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The only exception was the catalase activity, which was diminished in both cultivars. Root Cd contents were positively correlated with the secretion of acetic acid, oxalic acid, glutamic acid, citric acid, and succinic acid. The antioxidants like POD and SOD exhibited a positive correlation with the organic acids under Cd stress. It is likly that a high exudation of dicarboxylic organic acids improves nutrient uptake and activities of antioxidants, which enables the tolerant cultivar to acclimatize in Cd polluted environment. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
CULTIVAR RELEASE-BRS 217 Flora: Early-maturing soybean cultivar
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Plínio Itamar de Mello de Souza
2008-01-01
Full Text Available The soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cultivar BRS 217 Flora was developed by Embrapa and released forproduction in the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais, Bahia, Mato Grosso and the Distrito Federal, Brazil. It is resistant to stemcanker, frog-eye leaf spot, bacterial pustule, and partially resistant to powdery mildew.
Variation between cut chrysanthemum cultivars in response to suboptimal temperature
Ploeg, van der A.; Kularathne, R.J.K.N.; Carvalho, S.M.P.; Heuvelink, E.
2007-01-01
To breed for more energy-efficient cut chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) cultivars it is important to know the variation of the temperature response existing in modern cultivars. In a greenhouse experiment with 25 chrysanthemum cultivars, a significant variation was observed in
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zeni Fonseca Pinto Tomaz
2009-12-01
Full Text Available A insuficiência de estudos sobre compatibilidade de porta-enxertos é um dos fatores limitantes ao desenvolvimento da cultura da pereira (Pyrus sp. no Brasil. A utilização do marmeleiro (Cydonia oblonga como porta-enxerto para a cultura da pereira apresenta inúmeras vantagens, entre as quais a redução do vigor e a rápida entrada em produção; todavia, sua combinação com algumas cultivares copa apresenta problemas de incompatibilidade de enxertia, podendo ocasionar a ruptura do caule das plantas no pomar. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a compatibilidade de enxertia de algumas cultivares de marmeleiros ('Quince C' e 'Adams' com pereiras ('Packham's Triumph' e 'Kieffer'. As variáveis analisadas foram: diâmetro da secção do tronco no ponto de enxertia, 5 cm abaixo e 5 cm acima do ponto de enxertia, diferença do diâmetro entre porta-enxerto e copa, altura das plantas, volume e massa seca da copa e raízes. Além disso, efetuou-se a observação da conexão vascular no ponto de enxertia através da imersão da base das plantas (abaixo do ponto de enxertia, em solução corante de Ácido Fuccínico 0,08%. Concluiu-se que a cultivar 'Packham's Triumph'apresenta compatibilidade de enxertia com o marmeleiro cultivares 'Adams'e 'Quince C', enquanto o híbrido 'Kieffer' apresentou sintomas morfológicos de incompatibilidade de enxertia com o marmeleiro cultivares 'Quince C' e 'Adams'.The lack of studies on compatibility of pear cultivars and rootstocks is one of the limiting factors on the development of the pear crop in Brazil. The use of quinces as rootstocks for pear cultivars has several advantages, among them the reduction in vigor and earlier bearing trees, however, its combination with some scions cultivars results in problems of incompatibility , such as lost of trees of the orchard due to break of the graft union. The objective of this study was to determine the compatibility between pears cvs. Packham's Triumph and Kieffer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ítavo Luís Carlos Vinhas
2000-01-01
Full Text Available Estudaram-se os efeitos da substituição da silagem de milho pela silagem de bagaço de laranja sobre o consumo de nutrientes, a produção e a qualidade do leite de vacas da raça holandesa, num experimento em quadrado latino 4 x 4, com quatro níveis de substituição (0, 25, 50 ou 75% MS da silagem de milho pela silagem de bagaço de laranja, com base na matéria seca, mantendo-se a relação volumoso:concentrado de 50:50. Os níveis de substituição não influenciarram as porcentagens de gordura e proteína do leite, porém o comportamento do consumo de nutrientes e produção de leite se deu de forma quadrática, em função do nível de substituição. Os resultados sugerem que a silagem de bagaço de laranja pode substituir a silagem de milho para vacas em lactação.
Performance of different tomato cultivars under organic and inorganic regimes
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ali, I.; Khattak, A. M.; Ali, M.; Ullah, K.
2015-01-01
To study the performance of different tomato cultivars under organic and inorganic regimes an experiment was conducted at New Developmental Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan during the summer 2013-14. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with split plot arrangement having four replications. Organic regimes (FYM, poultry manure and mushroom compost) and inorganic (NPK) regimes were allotted to main plot, while cultivars (Roma VF, Roma, Super Classic, Bambino and Rio Grande) were subjected to sub plots. Organic and Inorganic regimes significantly (P ≤ 0.01) influenced all the studied attributes of tomato cultivars. Among different cultivars, Roma gave maximum plant survival (93.8 percentage), number of leaves plant (84.1), number of flower inflorescence (5.4), number of fruits inflorescence (4.3), number of fruit plant (25.4), fruit size (63.9 cm) fruit weight plant (9.1 kg) and total yield (22.9 t ha). However, it was closely followed by cultivar Rio Grande for number of leaves plant (79.6), number of flower inflorescence (5.1), number of fruits inflorescence (4.0) and number of fruits plant (24.9). Cultivar Super Classic produced minimum number of leaves plant (67.7), flower inflorescence (4.8), fruit size (60.6 cm), fruit weight plant (8.6 kg) and total yield (21.7 t ha). Similarly, highest plant survival (90.0 percentage), number of flower inflorescence (5.1), number of fruits inflorescence (4.0), number of fruit plant (25.4), fruit size (62.4 ml), fruit weight plant (8.90 kg) and total yield (22.9 t ha) were recorded in plants provided with organic conditions Roma cultivar performed better than other cultivars under the agro climatic condition of Peshawar followed by cultivar Rio Grande. Therefore, organic tomato production, and these two cultivars are recommended to be grown in Peshawar area. (author)
Mutation breeding of autotetraploid Achimenes cultivars
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Broertjes, C.
1976-01-01
Colchicine-induced autotetraploids of three Achimenes cultivars were irradiated with X-rays or fast neutrons. The results were compared, in one cultivar, with those of the irradiated diploid form. The mutation frequency after irradiation of the autotetraploid was a 20-40 fold higher as compared to the corresponding diploid. These results may open new possibilities for mutation breeding, though they are hard to explain. Several promising mutants were selected. (author)
Seed storage effects on germination for two forage kochia cultivars
The cultivar ‘Snowstorm’ forage kochia was released by the USDA-ARS in 2012. It is a synthetic cultivar selected for stature, forage production, and adaptation to semiarid environments. Similar to the earlier released (1984) ‘Immigrant’ cultivar it can increase rangeland productivity magnitudes when...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Claudenir Facincani Franco
2008-01-01
Full Text Available O conhecimento da marcha de absorção dos micronutrientes em mudas de goiabeira garante melhor eficiência da adubação. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a marcha de absorção de micronutrientes em mudas de duas cultivares de goiabeira. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em parcelas subdivididas com três repetições. Assim, foram utilizadas como tratamentos principais duas cultivares de goiabeira (Paluma e Século XXI obtidas por estacas herbáceas e como subparcelas, sete coletas de plantas, ao longo do período experimental (120 dias. Nos diferentes órgãos das mudas (folhas, caule e raízes, avaliou-se o acúmulo de micronutrientes, a cada quinze dias. A muda de goiabeira da cultivar Século XXI é mais exigente em micronutrientes do que as mudas da cultivar Paluma. O acúmulo médio de micronutrientes pelas mudas de goiabeira obedeceu à seguinte seqüência: Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu, sendo maior nas folhas para B, Cu, Mn e Zn, e nas raízes para Fe. O acúmulo de micronutrientes para as cultivares Paluma e Século XXI em µg por planta foi de: B (632 e 783, Cu (134 e 158, Fe (8103 e 5534, Mn (3052 e 3709 e Zn (760 e 997 respectivamente.Understanding micronutrient uptake in guava cuttings guarantees efficient fertilization. This research was undertaken to measure micronutrient uptake in cuttings from two guava cultivars. The experimental design was arranged in split-plots with three replications. Plots were represented by herbaceous cuttings from the guava cultivars 'Paluma' and 'Século XXI', while split-plots were the seven sampling dates during a 120-day period in nutritive solution. Accumulation of micronutrients was determined in the different plant organs every two weeks. The guava cultivar 'Século XXI' has higher micronutrient requirements than 'Paluma'. The mean micronutrient accumulation followed the order: Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu. The accumulation of B, Cu, Mn and Zn was higher in leaves, while Fe was more accumulated in roots
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Silvana da Silva Cardoso
2010-02-01
Full Text Available For presenting more commercial value, the net melon (Cucumis melo L. var reticulatus Naud. has been an option of greenhouse planting for the horticulturists. This work was carried out in Piracicaba, Brazil with the aim of evaluating the nutrient uptake from this melon cultivated in greenhouse. To obtain the nutrients accumulation in the different stages of the plant development, plants were collected in the transplant day (seedling, in the vegetative stage, in the beginning of the flowering stage, in the beginning and in the middle of fruit production period and in the harvest period. It was verified that the greatest increase of nutrient uptake happened between the beginning of the flowering and the beginning of the fruit production. The greatest dry matter accumulation happened between the beginning of the fruit production and the middle of fruit production period. The decrescent order of nutrients accumulated in the above ground part of the plant was: potassium > nitrogen > calcium > magnesium > sulphur > phosphorus > iron > manganese > zinc > copper ~ boron. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o acúmulo de nutrientes e o rendimento de óleo dos aquênios em plantas de girassol produzidas sob a influência do vigor dos aquênios e da densidade de semeadura. Para isto, foi instalado um experimento no campo experimental no município de Seropédica/RJ, em outubro de 2006, com três distintos lotes de aquênios de girassol cv Embrapa 122 V2000, classificados como de baixo, de médio e de alto vigor, sob duas densidades de semeadura (45.000 e 75.000 sementes ha-1. Aos 20, 60 e 100 dias após a semeadura (DAS, foram coletadas as plantas para avaliação da massa de matéria seca e do acúmulo de nitrogênio, de fósforo, de potássio e de cálcio, no caule, nas folhas e nos capítulos. Nas plantas coletadas aos 100 DAS, foi feita também a avaliação do rendimento de aquênios (kg ha-1, do teor de óleo e do rendimento de óleo (kg ha-1. Observou
Intraspecific responses of 188 rice cultivars to enhanced UVB radiation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Dai, Q.; Peng, A.; Chavez, A.Q.; Vergara, B.S.
1994-01-01
Phytotron studies were conducted to determine the intraspecific variation in sensitivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to enhanced UVB and to test the hypothesis that rice cultivars originating from regions with higher ambient UVB radiation are more tolerant to enhanced UVB. Out of the 188 rice cultivars (from various rice growing regions and ecosystems) tested, 143 had significantly reduced plant height, 52 had smaller leaf area, 61 had lower plant dry weight and 41 had less tiller number under elevated UVB radiation (13.0 kJ m −2 day −1 ) for 3 weeks. Six cultivars showed significant positive growth response to enhanced UVB radiation, although the mechanism is not clear at present. These six cultivars were from the summer rice crop of Bangladesh and from high elevation rice areas where prevailing UVB radiation is most likely to be greater. However, there was no correlation between the dry matter changes under enhanced UVB and the ambient UVB level at the origin of the cultivar across the 188 cultivars tested. Therefore, cultivars originating from regions with higher ambient UVB are not necessarily more tolerant to enhanced UVB radiation. (author)
Bread-Making Quality of Standard Winter Wheat Cultivars
Ćurić, Duška; Novotni, Dubravka; Bauman, Ingrid; Krička, Tajana; Jukić, Željko; Voća, Neven; Kiš, Darko
2009-01-01
The purpose of this study was to define an impact of the cultivar, year and cultivation area of the standard Croatian winter wheat on the bread-making quality. The bread-making quality of cultivars ‘Divana’, ‘Žitarka’ and ‘Sana’ from the crop years 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2006, and from Zagreb and Osijek location was analyzed. Wheat from the cultivar tests cultivated under the same agro technological conditions was used for this testing. The tested winter wheat bread-making quality primari...
banana cultivar distribution in rwanda abstract résumé
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Administrator
Gisubi (ABB), Gros Michel (AAA), and 'Kamaramasenge'. (AAB) were the most abundant. Farms with a higher proportion of Gisubi contained fewer other cultivars. Also, new cultivars were identified and these should be added to the National Banana germplasm collection. Key Words: Cultivars, diversity indexes, germplasm, ...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carlos Eduardo da Silva
2012-06-01
Full Text Available Devido à maior concentração de isoflavonas nos hipocótilos dos grãos de soja, a indústria de alimentos tem utilizado esse componente do grão como matéria-prima. No presente trabalho, foram quantificados os teores de isoflavonas nas estruturas formadoras do grão de soja (hipocótilo, cotilédones e casca, analisadas por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE. Foram avaliadas quatro cultivares de sojas especiais: BRS 184, BRS 216, BRS 257 e BRS 267, desenvolvidas pela Embrapa Soja. Todas as cultivares apresentaram maior teor de isoflavonas totais no hipocótilo (média de 2029,32 mg.100 g-1. No grão inteiro (267,16 mg.100 g-1 e nos cotilédones (209,16 mg.100 g-1, os teores de isoflavonas foram cerca de dez vezes menores do que nos hipocótilos. A cultivar BRS 216 apresentou o teor maior de isoflavonas totais no hipocótilo (2583,20 mg.100 g-1. Embora a casca da soja não apresente isoflavonas, observou-se que esses compostos estavam presentes nessa parte do grão numa quantidade média de 105,58 mg.100 g-1, devido à presença de resíduos do hipocótilo e dos cotilédones provenientes do processo de descasque. Essa composição residual da casca favorece sua utilização como matéria-prima fonte de fibras, porque também fornece isoflavonas e outros compostos da soja.Due to the higher concentration of isoflavones in the soybean hypocotyls, the food industry has used this component of the bean as a raw material. This paper reports the isoflavone contents found in the different parts of the bean (hypocotyl, cotyledon and hull as analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC. Four special soybean cultivars, BRS 184, BRS 216, BRS 257 and BRS 267, developed by Embrapa Soybean, were evaluated. All the cultivars presented higher contents of total isoflavones in the hypocotyls (average of 2029.32 mg.100 g-1. The isoflavone contents of the whole beans (267.16 mg.100 g-1 and the cotyledons (209.16 mg.100 g-1 were about 10
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ignácio Lund Gabriel da Silva Carmo
2015-10-01
Full Text Available Production of the watermelon is important in all regions of Brazil. However, productive and qualitative information for fruit of different cultivars grown in the same environment is still scarce, especially in the State of Roraima, a fact that makes it necessary to carry out studies in order to meet this need. As a result, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of watermelon cultivars produced in the Cerrado at Boa Vista, Roraima. The experiment was conducted at the Agua Boa Experimental Farm of Embrapa Roraima, from December 2013 to February 2014. The experimental design was of randomised blocks (DBC, with six replications. The treatments comprised six watermelon cultivars: Verena, Explore, Elisa, Juliane, Crimson Sweet and Crimson Sweet Super, for which the productive, physical, chemical and physicochemical characteristics of the fruit were evaluated. There was no difference between cultivars in yield, number of fruit ha-1 or the number of fruit with a weight of between 6 and 9 kg. The cultivars differed as to physical characteristics (weight, size and number of seeds per fruit. There were differences between cultivars for all the chemical and physicochemical characteristics of the fruit. The cultivar Elisa displayed the highest levels for total soluble solids (12.58 °Brix. Fruits of the cultivars Explore and Crimson Sweet Super showed the greatest ratio between total soluble solids and titratable acidity. The fruits of the cultivars Explore and Elisa had the highest pH. The conditions of soil and climate in the Cerrado at Boa Vista favour the productive and qualitative characteristics of the cultivars being analysed. = A produção de melancia é consolidada em todas as regiões do Brasil. Porém, as informações sobre produtividade e qualidade dos frutos, de diferentes cultivares no mesmo ambiente, ainda são tímidas, sobretudo em Roraima, tornando necessária a realização de estudos para suprir essa carência. Objetivou
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
O.M. Yamashita
2005-12-01
Full Text Available Avaliou-se a resposta de nove cultivares de algodoeiro, de importância econômica no Estado do Mato Grosso, quanto à intoxicação causada por subdoses de glyphosate. Os cultivares de algodoeiro utilizados foram Fabrika, Makina, ITA-90, FM 986, FM 966, Delta Opal, BRS Facual, Antares e Coodetec 407. As plantas foram cultivadas em tubetes preenchidos com substrato de solo e mantidas em casa telada, tendo recebido a aplicação do glyphosate aos 20 dias após a emergência, época em que apresentavam quatro folhas verdadeiras. As subdoses de glyphosate, simulando deriva, foram de 270 e 540 g ha-1. Também foi utilizada testemunha, sem aplicação do herbicida, para efeito de comparação. Foram realizadas avaliações semanais até 42 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAA, período em que também foi tomada a altura das plantas. Os sintomas visuais de intoxicação iniciaram-se aos 3 DAA, caracterizados pelo amarelecimento das pontas das folhas mais novas, seguido de murchamento do ápice das plantas. Na dose de 270 g ha-1 esses sintomas foram de baixa intensidade, mas a 540 g ha-1 causaram, na maioria dos casos, toxidez "preocupante" a "muito alta". Os cultivares BRS Facual e FM 986 mostraram-se os mais suscetíveis. A altura das plantas foi mais afetada quando se aplicou a menor dose de glyphosate. Houve recuperação de todos os cultivares tratados com 270 g ha-1 de glyphosate até os 42 DAA. Quando tratados com 540 g ha-1 de glyphosate, os cultivares Fabrika, Coodetec 407, BRS-Facual e ITA-90 foram mais sensíveis, apresentando redução de altura entre 84 e 90% aos 42 DAA. Os cultivares menos sensíveis na dose de 270 g ha-1 de glyphosate não foram os mesmos para a dose de 540 g ha-1.The response of nine cotton cultivars economically important in the state of Mato Grosso was evaluated in relation to the toxicity caused by reduced rates of glyphosate. The cotton cultivars used were Fabrika, Makina, ITA-90, FM 986, FM 966, Delta Opal
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Santin, Ivan; Silva Neto, Helio F. da; Tasso Junior, Luiz Carlos; Marques, Diogo; Marques, Marcos O. [Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jabotical, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias. Dept. de Tecnologia], E-mail: santinivan@hotmail.com
2010-07-01
The success of energy generation from biomass of sugarcane is related to the amount of bagasse produced and the improvements of the equipment involved in the thermal balance of the sugarcane industrialization process. In this sense, the objective of this study was to quantify the production and productivity of bagasse in different early cultivars of sugarcane. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 6 treatments (cultivars) and 3 replications. The experiment was carried out at FCAV/UNESP-Jaboticabal. To calculate the productivity, the number of stems was counted in a meter, the weight of stems was obtained. The percentage of fiber for each cultivar was determined by calculating the estimated production and productivity of mulch. Using these values to estimate the potential number of people who would benefit from the energy generated by the combustion of bagasse an evolving process of cogeneration power. Cultivar CTC 16 (best results), showed the highest value of TCH (100.66 t ha{sup -1}), production of bagasse (315.66 kg t {sup -1}), any product residue (32.00 t ha{sup -1}) and people who could benefit (9.33 x 106). The Cultivars SP91-1049 and IACSP93-3046 presented the results less satisfactory. (author)
Psicoterapia pela Internet: viável ou inviável?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maria Adélia Minghelli Pieta
Full Text Available A psicoterapia pela internet é uma prática que, no Brasil, só é permitida aos psicólogos na forma de pesquisa. O objetivo do presente artigo foi realizar uma revisão dos estudos em psicoterapia pela internet, discorrendo sobre os recursos e os limites desse atendimento psicológico e suas implicações para a relação terapêutica e para a efetividade do tratamento. São apresentadas questões legais e éticas concernentes à prática. Os resultados apontaram similaridades entre a relação terapêutica online e a presencial, mostrando-se a psicoterapia pela internet efetiva nas mais distintas modalidades, embora a maioria dos estudos seja sobre intervenções cognitivo-comportamentais. As questões legais e éticas podem ser parcialmente solucionadas com diretrizes claras das organizações profissionais e com o treino de terapeutas na modalidade online. Concluímos que a psicoterapia pela internet, embora requeira maiores estudos, anuncia-se como uma prática viável e promissora.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hérica Santos de Oliveira
2011-01-01
Full Text Available A banana (Musa spp. é uma das frutas mais consumidas no mundo, e amplamente cultivada no Brasil, porém doenças como as sigatokas, negra e amarela, vêm reduzindo a sua produção. A disponibilização imediata de novas cultivares resistentes às principais doenças é limitada pela propagação convencional. A micropropagação é uma alternativa para a produção de mudas com qualidade fitossanitária e vegetativa, mas apresenta fatores que dificultam sua aplicação como a contaminação por fungos e bactérias, associada à oxidação dos explantes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi adaptar e/ou otimizar as etapas do processo de micropropagação para diferentes cultivares de bananeira, por meio do controle de oxidação, contaminação, e multiplicação de brotos, sendo utilizadas as cultivares Caipira (AAA, BRS Caprichosa (AAAB, Pacovan Ken (AAAB, Preciosa (AAAB, PV 03-76 (AAAB, Thap Maeo (AAB. No estudo foram utilizados o antibiótico sulfato de estreptomicina e o fungicida Opera® (BASF visando reduzir a contaminação in vitro provocada por bactérias e fungos, além do anti-oxidante PVP (polivinilpirrolidona para controlar a oxidação. Houve redução da contaminação com uso do sulfato de estreptomicina à concentração de 100 mg L-1 e da oxidação com PVP a 4 g L-1. Na fase de multiplicação de brotos, as cultivares apresentaram médias que variaram de 1,90 a 4,75 brotos/explante. A cultivar caipira (AAA destacou-se das demais com a maior taxa de multiplicação de brotos após três subcultivos, média de 41,50 brotos por rizoma.The banana (Musa spp is one of the most consumed fruits in the world and is widely consumed in Brazil, but diseases such as yellow and black sigatoka have been reducing its production. The immediate availability of new cultivars resistant to major diseases is limited by conventional propagation. The micropropagation, is an alternative for the production of seedlings with phytosanitarium and vegetative
Molecular characterisation of radish cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sara Michelly Cruz
Full Text Available The radish has been gaining importance in the Brazilian market due to its use as a green manure and cover crop, and also due to its potential for the production of biodiesel, however there are only two registered cultivars, which are morphologically very similar. Determination of genetic purity is a prerequisite in marketing seeds as it ensures uniformity of the crop and is important in breeding programs. The aim of this work therefore was to evaluate the similarity and genotype patterns which permit differentiation of the commercial radish cultivars IPR 116 and CATI AL-1000. In order to do this, isoenzyme electrophoretic patterns were analysed in dry seeds, soaked seeds, seedling leaves and young leaves; the isoenzymes used being: superoxide dismutase, catalase, esterase, glutamate-oxalocetate, malate dehydrogenase and isocitrate lyase. Thirty-seven RAPD primers and 10 ISSR primers in leaves of the CATI AL-1000 and IPR-116 cultivars were analysed. Among the isoenzymes under study, the most polymorphic were glutamate oxalocetate, malate dehydrogenase, esterase and superoxide dismutase, with the superoxide dismutase system giving the best characterisation for all stages of development. The catalase isoenzyme system did not make it possible to differentiate between cultivars at any stage of development, and isocitrate lyase was not revealed by the protocol used. In analysis of the markers, 27 RAPD primers and eight ISSR primers showed polymorphism. The results indicate that it is possible to determine reliable descriptors based on isoenzymes at different stages of development of the radish and with the use of RAPD and ISSR primers.
Cytomorphological characterization of tea cultivars
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Rahman, H.; Khalil, I.H.; Shah, S.M.A.; Khanzada, T.Z.; Abbasi, F.M; Ahmad, H.; Shah, Z.
2010-01-01
Cytomorphological characterization was performed on tea cultivars, three each of Camellia sinensis and Camellia assamica species. For plant morphological study, one and a half year old healthy shoots were obtained from the selected mother bushes of the six tea cultivars. The field experiment conducted in randomized complete block design having four replications was aimed at evaluating plant height, number of leaves plant-l, number of branches plant-l, number of flowers plant-1, fresh and dry leaf weight plant-I. The data indicated significant difference between the two species with narrow leaved cultivars having increased plant height, number of leaves and branches plant-I than the broad leaved cultivars, but less number of flowers plant-l, fresh and dry leaf weight. Karyotype analysis indicated that both the groups are diploid with 2n = 30. On the basis of chromosome morphology, C. assamica had larger chromosomes (3-10.5 mu m) as compared to C. sinensis (3.9-8 mu m). C. assamica has relatively advanced features as compared to C. sinensis. However, both the groups possessed mostly median to sub-median centromeres with no secondary constrictions which possibly indicates that little or no evolutionary changes have taken place in tea and that the karyotype is still at a primitive stage, with C. sinensis being more primitive than C. assamica. Our results suggest that both the groups are different from each other in morphological as well as cytological attributes and could therefore generate more germplasm if the two species could be involved in tea breeding programs. (author)
Milk production potential of two ryegrass cultivars with different total ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The aim of the study was to compare a new Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) cultivar (Enhancer), bred to contain a high total non-structural carbohydrate content, with the cultivar, Dargle, in terms of dry matter (DM) production, nutritional value, carrying capacity and milk production. The ryegrass cultivars were sown (25 ...
Register of New Fruit and Nut Cultivars List 46. Rambutan.
The Register of New Fruit and Nut Varieties 46 is a compilation of descriptions of new fruit and nut cultivars from around the world. In this edition, 8 newly released rambutan cultivars are described in terms of their origins, important fruit traits and yield. Of the eight described cultivars, one ...
Synonyms and homonyms of Malvasia cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) existing in Spain
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Rodriguez Torres, I.; Ibanez, J.; Andres, M. T. de; Rubio, C.; Borrego, J.; Cabello, F.; Zerolo, J.; Munoz Organero, G.
2009-07-01
Malvasia is a common name for different grape cultivars that have long been grown in Spain. In many cases, these cultivars are noted as being aromatic, sweet, and similar to Muscat in flavour. However, not all grapes that share this name exhibit these characteristics. This study compares the Malvasia cultivars in the Spanish Denominations of Origin with those grape cultivars grown in the grapevine collection of El Encin (Alcala de Henares, Spain) using morphological, iso enzymatic, and micro satellite analysis as well as a large bibliographic search of the studied cultivars. Despite their Malvasia denomination, some cultivars have been identified as synonyms of Macabeo, Alarije, Dona Blanca, Chasselas, or Planta Nova, all included on the official Spanish list of commercial grape cultivars. Malvasia de Sitges and Malvasia de Lanzarote have the characteristic flavour of Malvasia grapes and no synonyms were found among the cultivars grown in Spain, whereas Malvasia Rosada resulted from a colour mutation in Malvasia de Sitges. (Author) 26 refs.
Effects of Site and Cultivar on Consumer Acceptance of Pomegranate.
Chater, John M; Merhaut, Donald J; Jia, Zhenyu; Arpaia, Mary Lu; Mauk, Peggy A; Preece, John E
2018-05-01
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important fruit in many cultures. The fruit and juice have risen in popularity as it was discovered that pomegranate has relatively high antioxidant activity compared to most other fruits. In this study, six cultivars were utilized to determine consumer acceptance compared to the industry standard, 'Wonderful,' which comprises 90% to 95% of commercial production in the United States. Fruit were sourced from 2 cultivar field trials, one in inland Riverside, California, and one in coastal Ventura County, California. Cultivars selected for the study included 'Eversweet,' 'Green Globe,' 'Haku Botan,' 'Loffani,' 'Phoenicia,' 'Wonderful,' and 'cv. 857,' an heirloom cultivar from Ventura County, CA, U.S.A. Pomegranate arils were subject to sensory evaluation by 87 untrained consumer panelists in late 2016. Panelists were given pomegranate arils and asked to score the samples using a 9-point Hedonic scale for the following fruit quality traits: aril color, sweetness, tartness, seed hardness, bitterness, and overall desirability. There were significant differences among cultivars for all traits assessed by the sensory panelists. There were differences in acceptance among consumers for 'Wonderful' depending on if it was grown on the coast versus inland, and consumers preferred inland- versus coastal-grown 'Wonderful.' 'Wonderful' pomegranate was associated with cultivars that consumers scored low on desirability for bitterness. Cultivars that scored well in overall desirability compared with 'Wonderful' were 'cv. 857,' 'Eversweet,' 'Green Globe,' and 'Phoenicia.' Consumer sensory panels are important to determine scientifically which cultivars are desired by the public. These panels allowed for the determination of which pomegranate cultivars are liked or disliked by consumers and why. If the pomegranate growers know the most desirable cultivars for consumers, they are more likely to adopt and plant them, thus potentially increasing the
Comparison between four blackberry (Rubus sp.) cultivars to light variation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Enciso, B.E.; Gómez, C.
2004-01-01
Abstract: This paper compares four Colombian blackberry cultivars- (Rubus sp.) light compensation points, leaf area, chlorophyll concentration and photosynthetic capacity. Time can be saved and efficiency improved by adapting different cultivars to differing luminosity once these parameters have been determined and established. The four cultivars involved were -Guarne-, -San Antonio-, -Sara 3- and -Pacho 2- forming part of Corpoica-s blackberry collection at the Sena farm in Manizales. The results revealed that all four cultivars had different light compensation points. They also showed that net photosynthesis varied amongst cultivars, even when grown in the same environmental conditions and that total chlorophyll and leaf area may be used as indicators of response to the conditions being evaluated. Key words: Photosynthesis, leaf area, radiation, compensation point, photons flow density (PFD), chlorophyll [es
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Antônio Robson Bezerra Xenofonte
2008-11-01
Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho, o consumo voluntário e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, foram utilizados 24 ovinos sem raça definida (SRD, machos não-castrados, com peso inicial de 20 ± 3,25 kg e 4,6 ± 0,8 meses de idade. Os animais foram mantidos em confinamento e alimentados com dietas com farelo de babaçu (0, 10, 20 e 30% em substituição ao feno de capim-colonião. As dietas, isoprotéicas e isoenergéticas, foram fornecidas em forma de ração completa. Utilizou-se um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. O consumo de matéria seca foi influenciado pela inclusão do farelo de babaçu na dieta e apresentou redução de 302 g/dia a cada 10% de participação de farelo de babaçu. A ingestão dos nutrientes e o desempenho foram restringidos pela diminuição do consumo de matéria seca. A inclusão do farelo de babaçu reduziu linearmente o ganho de peso dos animais. A digestibilidade dos nutrientes foi influenciada pelos níveis de farelo de babaçu, mas esse aumento está associado às reduções na ingestão de matéria seca. O farelo de babaçu, ao ser utilizado como alternativa de alimento para cordeiros em crescimento, compromete o consumo de alimentos e o ganho de peso dos animais.With the objective to evaluate the performance, voluntary intake and nutrient digestibilities, 24 NDB (no defined breed, non castrated male lambs with 20 ± 3.25 BW initial and 4.6 ± 0.8 months old were used. Animals were kept in feedlot and fed diets with babassu meal (0, 10, 20 and 30% in substitution to Panicum maximum Jack hay. The diets, isoprotein and isonitrogenous, were fed in a complete mix ration. A completely blocks randomized design, with four treatments and six replicates was used. The dry matter intake was influenced by the inclusion of babassu meal in the diet and presented a reduction of 302 g/day for each 10% of babassu meal inclusion. Nutrient intake and performance were limited by
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rafael Hansen Madail
2011-02-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar descritores morfológicos que possibilitassem a caracterização de cultivares de bananeira provenientes de micropropagação ainda na fase juvenil. Foram utilizadas 12 cultivares de bananeira de diferentes grupos genômicos e graus de ploidia, que foram cultivadas in vitro e posteriormente aclimatizadas em casa de vegetação. Após o período de três meses, foram avaliadas características morfológicas quantitativas e caracteres descritivos das plantas. Com base nos resultados obtidos, foi possível separar todas as cultivares estudadas e elaborar uma chave analítica que permite a identificação dessas cultivares após o período de apenas três meses de aclimatização.The aim of this study was to determine morphological descriptors that could enable the characterization of banana cultivars from micropropagation process during the juvenile phase. Twelve cultivars from different genomic groups and with different ploidy levels were grown in vitro and acclimatized in greenhouse for three months. After this period, plants quantitative morphological and descriptive characteristics were evaluated. The results allowed ranking the cultivars and preparing an analytical key to identify these cultivars after the period of three months of acclimatization.
Common bean cultivars and lines interactions with environments
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carbonell Sérgio Augusto Morais
2004-01-01
Full Text Available The performance of bean lines brought forth in breeding programs or of cultivars in use can be affected by environmental variability. The adaptability and stability of grain yield of 18 common bean cultivars and lines in 23 environments (combinations of seasons, years and locations were evaluated in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. 'IAC-Carioca' and 'IAC-Carioca Eté' were used as standard cultivars for the carioca grain type, while 'FT-Nobre' and 'IAC-Una' represented the standard for black grains. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with four replications and plots consisting of two, two central five meters rows flanked by border rows. Stability parameters were estimated by the methods Maximum Yield Deviations (MYD and by the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis (AMMI. For the identification of the most stable cultivars, the two methods led to consistent results, although by MYD the highest stability was always associated to the highest yield. 'MAC-733327' and 'LP 9637' were the most suitable cultivars and lines for the joint seasons, while 'LP 9637' and 'FT-Nobre' were the most suitable for the dry season. The MYD method combined a simple procedure, easiness of result interpretation, uniqueness of parameters, and association between stability and yield. On the other hand, the AMMI method simplified the identification of stable cultivars by visual inspection, also providing information on the environments. However, the complex nature which combines uni-and multivariate techniques hampers its widespread use in breeding programs.
Effects of Soybean Cultivars on Soymilk Quality
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Aziadekey, M.
2001-01-01
Full Text Available Soymilk was prepared from twelve soybean cultivars grown under the same environmental conditions to evaluate their effects on soymilk characteristics. Significant correlations were observed between the Chemical composition of the seeds and the resultant soymilk. Soymilk solids were significantly affected by seed size and seed phosphorus contents. Cultivars with dark hilum produced soymilk with less attractive colour.
Traditional versus modern apple cultivars – a comparison of juice composition
Dobrowolska-Iwanek Justyna; Gąstoł Maciej; Adamska Agnieszka; Krośniak Mirosław; Zagrodzki Paweł
2015-01-01
Apples are rich in components that are important for human health, such as polyphenols, organic acids and microelements, but their chemical composition varies with different apple cultivars. We aimed to find out if there is any superiority in traditionally grown apple cultivars in terms of their fruits’ bioactive components content. Juice from two traditionally grown apple cultivars, ‘Mutsu’ and ‘Reinette Simirenko’, was compared to eight popular apple cultivars, ‘Jonagold’, ‘Jonagold Decosta...
Genetic diversity of high performance cultivars of upland and irrigated Brazilian rice.
Coelho, G R C; Brondani, C; Hoffmann, L V; Valdisser, P A M R; Borba, T C O; Mendonça, J A; Rodrigues, L A; de Menezes, I P P
2017-09-21
The objective of this study was to analyze the diversity and discrimination of high-performance Brazilian rice cultivars using microsatellite markers. Twenty-nine rice cultivars belonging to EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão germplasm bank in Brazil were genotyped by 24 SSR markers to establish their structure and genetic discrimination. It was demonstrated that the analyzed germplasm of rice presents an expressive and significant genetic diversity with low heterogeneity among the cultivars. All 29 cultivars were differentiated genetically, and were organized into two groups related to their upland and irrigated cultivation systems. These groups showed a high genetic differentiation, with greater diversity within the group that includes the cultivars for irrigated system. The genotyping data of these cultivars, with the morphological e phenotypical data, are valuable information to be used by rice breeding programs to develop new improved cultivars.
Assessment of inter- and intra-cultivar variations in olive using SSR markers
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ahmet Ipek
2012-10-01
Full Text Available Olive (Olea europaea L. production in the world has been made by using many cultivars, and the genetic uniformity of commercial cultivars is important for standard olive oil and table olive production. The genetic variation among and within commonly cultivated olive cultivars in Turkey was analyzed using SSR markers. A total of 135 leaf samples were collected from 11 commonly cultivated olive cultivars from 11 provinces in four geographical regions of Turkey. Seven SSR primer pairs generated 46 SSR markers, and the number of SSR markers per primer pair ranged from 4 (UDO-14 to 9 (GAPU-89 with an average of 6.57. This high level of SSR polymorphism suggests that olive production in Turkey has been made using genetically diverse olive cultivars and this high level of genetic variation is probably due to the location of Turkey in the center of the origin of olive. The UPGMA dendrogram, developed to visualize the estimated genetic relationships among the 135 samples, demonstrated that the clustering of olive cultivars was not based on geographical regions of cultivation. Presence of genetic variation was detected within a nationwide grown Turkish olive cultivar, called 'Gemlik'. Olive growers successfully discriminated olive cultivars with distinct morphological and pomological characters. However, there was some confusion about the identification of cultivars with similar phenotypic traits. To prevent misidentification of olive cultivars and to minimize intra-cultivar variation, certified propagation materials which were characterized using DNA based molecular markers should be used during the establishment of new olive orchards.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Vinícius Pimentel Silva
2009-01-01
Full Text Available Objetivou-se estimar a digestibilidade de nutrientes de forrageiras em eqüinos utilizando-se a técnica de sacos de náilon móveis. Foram avaliados alfafa (Medicago sativa, amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi, desmódio (Desmodium ovalifolium, estilosantes (Stylosanthes guianensis, guandu (Cajanus cajan, macrotiloma (Macrotyloma axillare e capim-coastcross (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross. O delineamento foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados com sete alimentos e cinco blocos (animais. Foram utilizados cinco eqüinos mestiços com 17 a 27 anos de idade e peso vivo médio de 350 kg. O ensaio teve duração de 12 dias: três para a adaptação às baias, cinco para inserção gástrica dos sacos através de sonda nasogástrica e quatro de coleta dos sacos nas fezes. No período pré-experimental de 30 dias, os animais foram mantidos em piquetes com dieta composta de 80% de feno de coastcross e 20% de concentrado. Na confecção dos sacos, utilizou-se náilon com porosidade de 45 µ e dimensão de 7,5 × 2 cm. Em cada saco, foram inseridos 510 mg de matéria seca de amostra do alimento. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes das forragens foram calculados considerando o resíduo obtido no saco. A digestibilidade dos nutrientes do amendoim, estilosantes e macrotiloma foram superiores à da demais forrageiras, com destaque para a digestibilidade da proteína bruta, cujos valores foram de 91,4; 94,9 e 97,0%, respectivamente. O amendoim e macrotiloma apresentaram digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro de 72,3 e 65,2% e da fibra em detergente ácido de 70,9 e 59,4%, respectivamente. O amendoim forrageiro, macrotiloma e estilosantes apresentam digestibilidade dos nutrientes satisfatória e têm potencial para o uso em dietas para eqüinos.This work was carried out to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of forages using mobile bags technique in horses. The forages were lucerne (Medicago sativa, peanut (Arachis pintoi, desmodio
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jony Eishi Yuri
2004-04-01
Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de alface tipo americana (Lactuca sativa L. em cultivo de outono, foi conduzido um experimento no município de Santana da Vargem, MG, no período de março a junho de 2002. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com treze tratamentos (cultivares Adal, 4553 R7, AEL 10, Iglo, Rocco RZ, Rubette, RX 66, RPT 3030, RPT 2020, Paloma, Sandy, Legacy e Raider e três repetições. As cultivares 45-53R7, RPT 2020, Paloma, Raider e RPT 3030 apresentaram massa fresca total estatisticamente maiores que as demais cultivares, com produtividades de 1.016,9; 1.029,4; 1.044,9; 1.075,2 e 1.105,2 g planta-1, respectivamente. As cultivares 45-53R7, RPT 2020, Paloma, Raider, RPT 3030, AEL 10 e Rocco, com produtividade de massa fresca comercial oscilando entre 599,1 a 739,1 g planta-1, foram estatisticamente mais produtivas que as demais cultivares. A cultivar 45-53R7, com circunferência de cabeça comercial de 49,2 cm, sobressaiu-se das demais. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os materiais quanto ao comprimento de caule. Quanto à simetria da cabeça comercial, as cultivares RPT 2020, Raider e RPT 3030, com notas 4,6; 5,0 e 5,0, respectivamente, foram mais simétricas do que as demais cultivares.With the objective of evaluating iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cultivars grown under autumn condition, an experience in Santana da Vargem, MG, Brazil, was carried out from March to June of 2002. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks with thirteen treatments (cultivars Adal, 4553 R7, AEL 10, Iglo, Rocco RZ, Rubette, RX 66, RPT 3030, RPT 2020, Paloma, Sandy, Legacy e Raider and three replicates. The cultivars 45-53R7, RPT 2020, Paloma, Raider and RPT 3030 showed statistically higher total fresh matter than the other cultivars, with the yield ranging 1,010.9; 1,029.4; 1,044.9; 1,075.2 and 1105.2 g plant-1, respectively. The cultivars 45-53R7, RPT 2020, Paloma, Raider, RPT 3030, AEL
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Geane Dias Gonçalves
2001-05-01
Full Text Available O experimento teve por objetivo avaliar a desidratação de cultivares de Cynodon spp. (Poaceae durante o processo de fenação. Foram realizadas amostragens nos tempos zero (momento do corte, 3, 6, 21, 24, 27 e 30 horas após o corte, a fim de se determinar a curva de desidratação e os teores de proteína bruta (PB da planta inteira e das frações folhas e colmos. Determinou-se também a espessura dos colmos de cada cultivar. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos completamente casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x7 (cultivares x tempos de amostragens, com três repetições. A velocidade de perda de água foi semelhante para os cultivares avaliados, tanto para a planta como para as frações colmos e folhas. Não houve efeito para os teores de PB com o avanço nos tempos de secagem. Porém, houve diferença para a relação L/C, onde o Tifton 85 apresentou maior valor. Já para o diâmetro do colmo, o Tifton 44 foi superior em relação aos demais cultivares.Dehydration of cultivars of the genus Cynodon (Poaceae and the possible variations of chemical composition of forages during the haymaking process were evaluated. Three cultivars of Cynodon, Tifton 85, Coast cross and Tifton 44 were used, in plots of 15 m2, with three randomized blocks. Samples at 0 (cutting time, 3, 6, 21, 24, 27 and 30 hours after cutting were taken to determine the dehydration curve of whole plant, leaves and stem. Speed in water loss in plant, leaves and stem segments was similar in all cultivars. Drying did not affect CP taxes. There was, however, a difference for the leaves/stem relationship in which Tifton 85 had the highest value. Tifton 44 was higher in the other cultivars with regard to stem diameter.
Solanum cultivar responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: growth ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
A greenhouse experiment was carried out in a sandy soil with a low available phosphorus to evaluate responsiveness of four Solanum aethiopicum cultivars to indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Results showed clear interaction between genetic variability of cultivars and fungal isolates on shoot biomass and on ...
Identification of cowpea cultivars for low phosphorus soils of Nigeria
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Afolabi, N.O.; Ogunbodede, B.A.; Adediran, J.A.
1996-01-01
Twenty cultivars of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, adapted to the Nigerian ecologies were screened to identify cultivars which can give high and sustainable yields when grown on soils with low available phosphorus in a sub-humid climate. Some cultivars including TVX3236, AFB1757, Ogunfowokan and K-28 gave three to four times higher grain yields than the other cultivars at zero phosphorus supply. While phosphorus application reduced grain yield in most of the cultivars with marked reduction in the higher yielding cultivars, low yielding cultivars tended to show some yield increase. Phosphorus use efficiency of the roots, stem or leaves was not significantly correlated with grain yield when 60 KgP/ha was applied. Reduction in yield due to phosphorus application might be due to induced Zn deficiency as Zn supply in these soils has been found to be inherently low. High grain yielding capacity without fertilizer phosphorus application was generally positively correlated with high vegetative shoot dry matter production. However, no clear relationship could be found between grain yield and root dry matter at maturity. It is concluded that selection for phosphorus efficiency in cowpea can substantially contribute to higher cowpea productivity and the farmers income on soils low in available phosphorus in the sub-humid areas of Nigeria. (author). 5 refs, 2 figs, 2 tabs
Identification of cowpea cultivars for low phosphorus soils of Nigeria
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Afolabi, N O; Ogunbodede, B A; Adediran, J A [Obafemi Awolowo Univ., Ibadan (Nigeria). Inst. of Agricultural Research and Training
1996-07-01
Twenty cultivars of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, adapted to the Nigerian ecologies were screened to identify cultivars which can give high and sustainable yields when grown on soils with low available phosphorus in a sub-humid climate. Some cultivars including TVX3236, AFB1757, Ogunfowokan and K-28 gave three to four times higher grain yields than the other cultivars at zero phosphorus supply. While phosphorus application reduced grain yield in most of the cultivars with marked reduction in the higher yielding cultivars, low yielding cultivars tended to show some yield increase. Phosphorus use efficiency of the roots, stem or leaves was not significantly correlated with grain yield when 60 KgP/ha was applied. Reduction in yield due to phosphorus application might be due to induced Zn deficiency as Zn supply in these soils has been found to be inherently low. High grain yielding capacity without fertilizer phosphorus application was generally positively correlated with high vegetative shoot dry matter production. However, no clear relationship could be found between grain yield and root dry matter at maturity. It is concluded that selection for phosphorus efficiency in cowpea can substantially contribute to higher cowpea productivity and the farmers income on soils low in available phosphorus in the sub-humid areas of Nigeria. (author). 5 refs, 2 figs, 2 tabs.
Rooting of stem segments from fig tree cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rayane Barcelos Bisi
2016-06-01
Full Text Available Although Brazil is the largest fig (Ficus carica L. producer in the Southern Hemisphere, it mainly uses only one cultivar, ‘Roxo de Valinhos’. In addition, propagation is almost entirely through hardwood cuttings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a propagation method that provides more successful rooting of stem segments of fig cultivars for the purpose of expanding the genetic base of the fig tree. The cultivars used were ‘Brunswick’, ‘Calabacita’, ‘Negro de Bursa’, ‘Mini Figo’, ‘Lampa Preta’, ‘Lemon’, ‘Troiano’,’ Nazaré’, ‘Três num Prato’, ‘Princesa’, ‘Colo de Dama’, ‘Montes’, ‘Bêbera Branca’, ‘Pingo de Mel’, and ‘Roxo de Valinhos’. The propagation methods used were layering, hardwood cuttings, nodal segments, herbaceous cuttings originating from the removal of sprouts, and herbaceous cuttings obtained during growth. We found that the propagation method influences the rooting of stem segments, and cultivars differ in their rooting potential.
WHEAT CULTIVARS: RESPONSE TO IRRIGATION AND SOWING DATES
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Klar A.E.
1996-01-01
Full Text Available This study was carried out in an Alfisol-Oxisol transition sandy-clay texture, using six wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum, L.: two tall and tolerant to soil aluminium toxicity (BH-1146, and IAC-18, and four semi-dwarf cultivars - Anahuac, IAC-162, IAC-24, and IAC-60 - of which only the first two are sensitive to soil aluminium toxicity. Two minimum soil water potentials (ys levels were used: 1. watered, when Ys reached about -0.05 MPa; 2. dry, when the water potential reached around -1.5 MPa. Two sowing dates, 05/22/92 and 06/11/92, were used. The results showed that Anahuac and IAC-60 are the most indicated cultivars for the studied region; when irrigated all cultivars presented similar yield level under no irrigation conditions; the irrigation was not sufficient to avoid yield differences between the two growing seasons; differences in rainfall were important for the crop in the dry treatment for both seasons.
Identification of apple cultivars on the basis of simple sequence repeat markers.
Liu, G S; Zhang, Y G; Tao, R; Fang, J G; Dai, H Y
2014-09-12
DNA markers are useful tools that play an important role in plant cultivar identification. They are usually based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and include simple sequence repeats (SSRs), inter-simple sequence repeats, and random amplified polymorphic DNA. However, DNA markers were not used effectively in the complete identification of plant cultivars because of the lack of known DNA fingerprints. Recently, a novel approach called the cultivar identification diagram (CID) strategy was developed to facilitate the use of DNA markers for separate plant individuals. The CID was designed whereby a polymorphic maker was generated from each PCR that directly allowed for cultivar sample separation at each step. Therefore, it could be used to identify cultivars and varieties easily with fewer primers. In this study, 60 apple cultivars, including a few main cultivars in fields and varieties from descendants (Fuji x Telamon) were examined. Of the 20 pairs of SSR primers screened, 8 pairs gave reproducible, polymorphic DNA amplification patterns. The banding patterns obtained from these 8 primers were used to construct a CID map. Each cultivar or variety in this study was distinguished from the others completely, indicating that this method can be used for efficient cultivar identification. The result contributed to studies on germplasm resources and the seedling industry in fruit trees.
Growth of Three Lettuce Cultivars in NASA's HDU PEM During the 2010 DRATS Test
Stutte, Gary W.; Newsham, Gerard; Wheeler, Raymond
2011-01-01
NASA's 2010 Desert Research and Technology Studies (DRATS) of the VEGGIE Food Production System in the Habitat Demonstration Unit (HDU) Pressurized Excursion Module (PEM) was the first operational evaluation of salad crop production technology in a NASA analog test. Rooting media and slow release fertilizers were evaluated for three lettuce cultivars that had shown promise as candidates for a surface based food production system. These tests involved comparing growth, color and quality of the lettuce cultivars grown under VEGGIE LED array (Orbitec, Madison, WI) or Biomass Production System for Education ((BSEe), Orbitec, Madison, WI) compact fluorescent lamps using a gravity feed water delivery system. Mission relevant conditions of CO2, temperature and RH were maintained using controlled environment chambers (EGC, Chagrin Falls, OH). Growth data was obtained for the two red leaf lettuce cultivars, Outredgeous and Firecracker, and the green Bibb lettuce cultivar, Flandria. Growth and quality was evaluated using different concentrations (7.5 g/L and 15 g/L) of commercial slow release fertilizer (Osmocote Plus 15-9-12, Scotts, Maryville, OH) and Nutricote 18-6-8 (Florikan, Sarasota, FL) in either a peat/vermiculite media (sunshine LP5 MiX, Sungro, Bellview, WA) or calcined montmorillonite clay [(arcillite,)Turface Proleague, Profile LLC, Buffalo Grove, IL]. The commercial peat/vermiculite mix generally resulted in larger plants than those grown in arcillite. Increasing the concentration of Osmocote from 7.5 to 15 g/L increased the height, dry mass, and leaf area of lettuce cultivars. In contrast, there was a decrease in growth parameters when concentration of Nutricote was increased from 7.5 to 15 g/L. The best growth was obtained with the 7.5 g/L Nutricote using a commercial peat/vermiculite mixture. This media was used for field testing VEGGIE plant system in the 2010 DRAT test. The VEGGIE nutrient delivery system worked well, was able to be maintained by multiple
Sensory profile of eleven peach cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Francine Lorena Cuquel
2012-03-01
Full Text Available The goal of this study was to evaluate the sensory profile of eleven peach cultivars grown in an experimental orchard located in the city of Lapa (PR, Brazil in two seasons. The peach cultivars analyzed were Aurora I, Chimarrita, Chiripá, Coral, Eldorado, Granada, Leonense, Maciel, Marli, Premier, and Vanguarda. The sensory analysis was performed by previously trained panelists; 20 of them in the first season and 10 in the second season. The sensory evaluation was performed using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis, in which the following attributes were measured: appearance, aroma, flesh color, flesh firmness, flavor, and juiciness. The results showed preference for sweet, soft, and juicy fruits. Chimarrita, Chiripá, and Coral fruits showed better sensorial performance than the other peach cultivars. It was also verified that the analysis of the attributes aroma, flesh firmness, and flavor is enough for performing the sensory profile of peach fruits for in natura consumption.
Response of grape cultivars to nitrogen and phosphorus grown with water harvesting
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Janat, M.M.; Stroehlein, J.L.; Pessarakli, M.
1994-01-01
Two fertilizer studies were conducted on mature vineyards established with a water harvesting system on a White House sandy 10 am (fine, mixed, thermic, Ustollic Haplargid) soil at the University of Arizona Oracle Agricultural Center. In one study, two grape (Vitis viinifera L.) cultivars, 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Sauvignon blanc', were treated with different levels of 15 N and P fertilizer and tested for tissue NO 3 -N and total-P content. In the second study, eleven grape varieties were treated with three levels of N. Tissue samples were analysed for total P and NO 3 -N content, and the ratio of petiole-P to leaf blade-P was determined. When sufficient quantities of both nutrients were provided, N and P interacted positively resulting in increased grape yields. The petiole-P to leaf blade-P ratio correctly monitored the P status of the vines. (author). 20 refs., 6 tabs
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Aristoteles Capone
2016-04-01
Full Text Available Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar a viabilidade da combinação de métodos paramétrico e não-paramétricos para inferir acerca da estabilidade de cultivares de soja no cerrado tocantinense. Para isso utilizou-se os dados de ensaios de competição conduzidos em quatro ambientes nas safras de 2009/10 e 2010/11 e na entressafra de 2010. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. As estimativas de estabilidade foram obtidas pelo método paramétrico sugerido por Livorenti e Matsuoka e pelos métodos não-paramétricos propostos por Huenh e Fox. Pelo método paramétrico, os cultivares M8766, M9056, P98Y70RR, M9144RR, JulianaRR e BRS8560RR acumularam o maior número de sinais positivos nos ambientes avaliados, sendo que os dois últimos apresentaram sinal negativo em um ambiente. Pela metodologia não-paramétrica foram discriminados como produtivos e estáveis apenas os quatro primeiros cultivares. Neste sentido, houve concordância na discriminação de cultivares produtivos e estáveis por ambos os métodos, desde que desconsiderados aqueles que apresentam sinal negativo entre os ambientes avaliados. Assim, a combinação dessas metodologias além de apresentar simples aplicabilidade, mostra-se viável para inferir acerca da estabilidade e produtividade de cultivares de soja para o estado do Tocantins.Combination of parametric and nonparametric methods for stability study of soybean cultivars in the from Cerrado TocantinenseAbstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of combining parametric and nonparametric methods to infer about the stability of soybean cultivars in the cerrado from Tocantins state. Were used data from competition experiments conducted in four environments in crop 2009/10 and 2010/11 and between crop of 2010. A randomized block design were used with four replications. Estimates of stability were obtained by the parametric method suggested by Livorenti and Matsuoka
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Francisco Clemilto da Silva Maciel
2013-12-01
emitidas, comprimento da folha 4 (cm e circunferência do coleto (cm. Foram realizadas análises de variância individuais e conjuntas. Para a comparação das médias das características avaliadas foi utilizado o teste de Scott-Knott em nível de 5% de probabilidade. Pela comparação das médias das características avaliadas, nos dois ambientes, foi possível verificar que, aos 34 meses de idade, no ecossistema de floresta as plantas apresentaram maior número de folhas, maior comprimento da folha 4 e maior circunferência do coleto, diferindo significativamente, dos resultados obtidos em ecossistema de savana. Na área de floresta alterada, independente da cultivar avaliada, as plantas apresentaram mensalmente, 3,0 folhas emitidas, crescimento da folha 4 de 8,9 cm e circunferência do coleto de 9,6 cm, enquanto que, em savana, 2,5 folhas emitidas, comprimento da folha 4 de 7,5 cm e circunferência do coleto de 6,1cm. Conclui-se que no ambiente de floresta alterada, as cultivares apresentam desenvolvimento vegetativo superior ao obtido no ambiente de savana.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Daniela L Leite
2009-12-01
Full Text Available Em plantas alógamas, as cultivares constituem uma fonte de variação genética planta-a-planta no qual o melhorista pode obter novos materiais. A variabilidade genética entre indivíduos ou populações tem sido medida através de marcadores moleculares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar molecularmente, através da análise de RAPD (Random Amplified Polimorphic DNA, a diversidade genética existente em um grupo de cultivares de cebola recomendadas para o cultivo na Região Sul do Brasil. Foram analisados 11 iniciadores em DNAs provenientes de um total de 90 plantas individuais oriundas das cultivares Baia Periforme, Bola Precoce, BRS Cascata, Crioula, Primavera e Roxa. As plantas foram genotipadas através dos produtos visualizados em gel de agarose e uma matriz de presença/ausência de bandas foi utilizada nas análises de similaridade genética (coeficiente de Jaccard e de agrupamento pelo método UPGMA. Os 11 iniciadores geraram 140 (86,4% bandas polimórficas. O número de fragmentos por iniciador variou de 10 (UBC105 até 18 (OPA10; OPC11; OPI1 com uma média de 15 bandas por iniciador. A técnica de RAPD mostrou-se eficiente na caracterização molecular, permitindo a formação de grupos de cultivares de acordo com a sua população de origem, com uma similaridade média de 63%. Conclui-se que as cultivares de cebola recomendadas para a Região Sul do Brasil, apresentam divergência genética, com potencial de serem exploradas por melhoristas, no desenvolvimento de genótipos superiores.In alogam plants, the cultivars constitute a source of plant-to-plant genetic variation from which the breeder can obtain new materials. Genetic variability among individuals or populations has been measured through molecular markers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity in a group of onion cultivars recommended for cultivation in the Southern Region of Brazil by RAPD (Random Amplified Polimorphic DNA analysis. Eleven
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Valmor João Bianchi
2004-12-01
Full Text Available Na certificação de mudas de plantas frutíferas, a identificação genética é importante em todas as etapas do processo de produção. Em pessegueiro, a identificação de genótipos baseada somente em características morfofenológicas deixa dúvidas quanto à verdadeira identidade de algumas cultivares. Marcadores moleculares de microssatélies foram utilizados objetivando a caracterização molecular de 8 cultivares de nectarineira e 28 de pessegueiro. Para a análise, foram utilizados 13 incializadores de microssatélites (primers, sendo que todos foram marcadores produzindo polimorfismo suficiente para identificar 32 das 36 cultivares analisadas. A maior similaridade genética verificada nas cultivares para consumo in natura foi entre Coral e Planalto (0,94 e entre Della Nona e Marfim (0,90, enquanto, para os pessegueiros para indústria, foi de 0,93 entre Jubileu e Capdeboscq e de 0,92 entre Jade e Esmeralda. Os marcadores de microssatélites permitiram separar em grupos distintos as nectarineiras e os pessegueiros de consumo in natura dos de indústria, havendo uma elevada concordância entre os dados genealógicos das cultivares e os dados gerados pelos microssatélites, confirmando a grande utilidade da técnica para a caracterização genética.Genetic identification of fruit tree plants is important in all phases of the production process. On peach the genotypes identification based only on the morphologic and phenologic characteristics leaves doubts on the true identity of some cultivars. Microsatellite markers were used aiming at the molecular characterization of eight nectarine and 28 peach cultivars. Thirteen microsatellite primers were used and all of them generated enough polimorfism that may identify 32 out of 36 of the analysed cultivars. The greatest genetic similarity was found between the fresh market 'Coral' and 'Planalto'(0,94 and between the 'Della Nona' and 'Marfim' cultivars (0,90, whereas for caning peaches the
Genetic relationships among okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L. Moench cultivars in Nigeria
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Bashir O. Bello
2017-09-01
Full Text Available This study was conducted on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L. Moench cultivars at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. The objective was to evaluate the level of genetic divergence and heritability of eight characters in 2015 and 2016 dry seasons using irrigation. The results showed highly significant (p<0.01 differences in the ten okra cultivars for days to anthesis, plant height, fresh capsule length, fresh mass per capsule and fresh capsule diameter across the two years. A high genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, and genetic advance were detected in all the characters except for days to anthesis and fresh capsule diameter. This implied that different genetic constitution and preponderance of additive effects governed these characters, thus presenting a significant opportunity for selection. The Mahanalobis D2 analysis allotted the ten cultivars into four clusters. The highest was cluster I comprising four cultivars, followed by cluster II containing three cultivars, cluster III consisting two cultivars, and cluster IV with mono genotypic. The three most superior okra cultivars (Salkade, Y’ar gagure and Kwadag for yield and related characters could be exploited directly or introgressed with other promising ones in future breeding programs.
De novo transcriptome assembly of a sour cherry cultivar, Schattenmorelle
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yeonhwa Jo
2015-12-01
Full Text Available Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus in the genus Prunus in the family Rosaceae is one of the most popular stone fruit trees worldwide. Of known sour cherry cultivars, the Schattenmorelle is a famous old sour cherry with a high amount of fruit production. The Schattenmorelle was selected before 1650 and described in the 1800s. This cultivar was named after gardens of the Chateau de Moreille in which the cultivar was initially found. In order to identify new genes and to develop genetic markers for sour cherry, we performed a transcriptome analysis of a sour cherry. We selected the cultivar Schattenmorelle, which is among commercially important cultivars in Europe and North America. We obtained 2.05 GB raw data from the Schattenmorelle (NCBI accession number: SRX1187170. De novo transcriptome assembly using Trinity identified 61,053 transcripts in which N50 was 611 bp. Next, we identified 25,585 protein coding sequences using TransDecoder. The identified proteins were blasted against NCBI's non-redundant database for annotation. Based on blast search, we taxonomically classified the obtained sequences. As a result, we provide the transcriptome of sour cherry cultivar Schattenmorelle using next generation sequencing.
Molecular genetic identification of some wheat cultivars in the sudan
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mekki, I. I; El Amin, H. B.
2002-01-01
Four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, namely condor, El-Nellene, Wadi El Neil and Debeira were characterized on biochemical and molecular bases. The biochemical ones were protein-banding patterns, using sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and isozymes to identify the biochemical genetic fingerprint of the four cultivars. Water-soluble protein-banding pattern showed no polymorphisms among the tested cultivars. The data from starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), esterase (EST) and acid phosphate (ACPH) showed that the cultivars are monomorphic. Further trials to identify the molecular genetic fingerprints of the studied cultivars were carried out using RAPD-PCR twenty-five primers were tested to perform. RAPD-PCR analysis. From the PCR products, a phylogenetic map, i.e, dendrogram, was constructed for the studied cultivars which depicted tow groups. The first group contained Wadi El Neil and Deberia with 48.4% similarity, and the second group contained Condor and El Neileen with 100% similarity. There was no similarity between Condor and Debeira (100% dissimilarity). Therefor, these data can be used subsequently for genetic engineering research and for wheat breeding programmes in the Sudan.(Author)
BUSCA PELA "MUSCULARIDADE" E VARIÁVEIS ASSOCIADAS EM ADULTOS JOVENS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Pedro Henrique Berbert de Carvalho
2016-04-01
Full Text Available Introdução: A busca pela "muscularidade" parece estar associada a diversas variáveis que impactam a saúde e a qualidade de vida dos sujeitos. No entanto, há uma carência de estudos sobre o construto, um baixo número de instrumentos de medida específicos para sua avaliação, além de reduzida avaliação de indivíduos do sexo masculino. Objetivo: Avaliar a busca pela "muscularidade" e associá-la a sintomas depressivos, autoestima, comportamentos de risco de transtornos alimentares e ao grau de comprometimento psicológico com o exercício físico. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 246 jovens adultos do sexo masculino. Foram utilizados instrumentos de autorrelato para avaliar a busca pela "muscularidade" (Drive for Muscularity Scale, autoestima (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, sintomas depressivos (Beck Depression Inventory, comportamentos de risco de transtornos alimentares (Eating Attitudes Test-26 e o grau de comprometimento psicológico com o exercício físico (Commitment Exercise Scale. Foi utilizado o teste de associação de Pearson para verificar relação entre as variáveis do estudo e Análise de Regressão Linear Múltipla (forward para verificação do quanto as variáveis do estudo influenciam na busca pela "muscularidade". Resultados: A busca pela "muscularidade" esteve associada à autoestima (rpearson = 0,13; p < 0,05, aos comportamentos de risco de transtornos alimentares (rpearson = 0,20; p < 0,05 e ao grau de comprometimento psicológico ao exercício (rpearson = 0,62; p < 0,05. O grau de comprometimento psicológico com o exercício explicou 38,4% da variância total da busca pela "muscularidade", 12,3% da insatisfação com a "muscularidade" e 51,0% dos comportamentos orientados para a "muscularidade". Conclusão: A busca pela "muscularidade" está associada à baixa autoestima, aos comportamentos de risco de transtornos alimentares e, em especial, ao grau de comprometimento psicológico com o exerc
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ahmed, M. I.; Ashraf, M. I.; Malik, S. U.; Husaain, Q.
2016-01-01
Pothwar region of Pakistan is a natural habitat of Olea spp. There is a high demand of certified olive plants to establish olive orchids in the region, because native wild species are non-fruit bearing. Plants of certified fruit bearing olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars are rarely available. Vegetative propagation of olive is highly responsive to texture of soil based growing media. This study examined the effect of growing media composition (soil texture and nutrients) on vegetative propagation of five cultivars of olive. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors factorial having 25 repeats of each four treatments. Plant growth and survival data were collected and analyzed for the influence of soil attributes. In sandy loam soil, cv. Bari-1 had 82 percent plant survival, highest number of roots per plant (3.5), and longest root length (13.01 cm). Highest number of shoots per plant (4.25) and maximum shoot length (15.64 cm) were also recorded for Bari-1 with sandy loam growing media. Silt loam soil is least suitable growing media for vegetative propagation of olive. In the silt loam soil, plants survival rate was 59 percent for cv. Gemlik, number of roots per plant was 1.5 for cv. Ottobrattica, minimum root length 5.65 cm, minimum number of shoots per plant one, and minimum shoot length 7.42 cm were recorded for cv. Pendolino with silt loam soil. Results suggested that sandy loam growing media is better than the others for vegetative propagation of olive. Cultivar Bari-1 performed better than the others examined in this study by indicating highest (1) survival percentage, (2) root and shoot length, and (3) number of roots and shoots produced within a specific period of time. (author)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Itamar Rosa Teixeira
2005-01-01
Full Text Available No presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar os teores de nutrientes minerais e a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L., em resposta à adubação foliar com manganês e zinco. O experimento foi desenvolvido a campo em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico fase cerrado, em Ijaci (MG. Utilizou-se o esquema fatorial em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos formados pela combinação de cinco doses de Mn (0, 75, 150, 300 e 600 g ha-1 e cinco de Zn (0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 g ha-1, fracionadas em duas pulverizações foliares, sendo metade aplicada aos 25 e o restante aos 35 dias após a emergência das plântulas. Avaliaram-se os teores de nutrientes minerais presentes nas sementes e sua qualidade fisiológica pelos testes padrão de germinação e de vigor, incluindo a primeira contagem, envelhecimento acelerado e da condutividade elétrica. Com a adubação foliar com manganês e zinco foram obtidos acréscimos lineares dos teores de Mn e Zn nas sementes de feijão. Os teores de N, P, B e Cu nas sementes foram influenciados pela adubação com manganês e zinco, não ocorrendo entretanto nenhum efeito destes micronutrientes sobre os teores dos demais nutrientes determinados nas sementes (K, Ca, Mg, Fe e S. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes mostrou-se influenciada pela adubação mangânica, quando estimada pelo teste de condutividade elétrica. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes de feijão não foi afetada pela adubação com zinco.The objective of this work was to evaluate the contents of nutrients and the physiological quality of seeds from common bean that had leaf application of manganese and zinc. The experiment was carried out at Dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol 'cerrado' phase, in Ijaci, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A randomized block design with four replicates was analyzed in a factorial arrangement, being the treatments formed by the combination of five rates of Mn (0, 75, 150
Phenotyping of wheat cultivars for heat tolerance using chlorophyll a fluorescence
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Sharma, Dew Kumari; Andersen, Sven Bode; Ottosen, Carl-Otto
2012-01-01
Abstract. In view of the global climate change, heat stress is an increasing constraint for the productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Our aim was to identify contrasting cultivars in terms of heat tolerance by mass screening of 1274 wheat cultivars of diverse origin, based...... with a milder heat stress of 38Cin 300 mmolm–2 s–1 for 2 h with preheating at 33–35Cfor 19 h in 7–14 mmolm–2 s–1 light showed a genetic determination of 8.52.7%.Aheat treatment of 40Cin 300 mmolm–2 s–1 for 72 h in the second screening with 138 selected cultivars resulted in larger differentiation of cultivars...... with an increased genetic component (15.43.6%), which was further increased to 27.96.8% in the third screening with 41 contrasting cultivars. This contrasting set of cultivars was then used to compare the ability of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to detect genetic difference in heat tolerance...
Processing properties of grains from some maize cultivars ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
For the dry milling, whole or pealed grains were simply processed in a hammer mill and the flour fractions separated as with wet milling. Results indicated some variation in the proximate composition with nine cultivars exhibiting protein contents above 8%. High protein cultivars were in order hybrids 88094X87036, ...
Farag, Mohamed A; Rasheed, Dalia M; Kamal, Islam M
2015-12-01
Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) is a plant of considerable commercial importance worldwide as functional food due to its organic acids, mucilage, anthocyanins, macro and micro-nutrients content. Although Hibiscus flowers are emerging as very competitive targets for phytochemical studies, very little is known about their volatile composition and or aroma, such knowledge can be suspected to be relevant for understanding its olfactory and taste properties. To provide insight into Hibiscus flower aroma composition and for its future use in food and or pharmaceutical industry, volatile constituents from 2 cultivars grown in Egypt, viz. Aswan and Sudan-1 were profiled using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to GCMS. A total of 104 volatiles were identified with sugar and fatty acid derived volatiles amounting for the major volatile classes. To reveal for cultivar effect on volatile composition in an untargeted manner, multivariate data analysis was applied. Orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed for 1-octen-3-ol versus furfural/acetic acid enrichment in Aswan and Sudan-1 cvs., respectively. Primary metabolites contributing to roselle taste and nutritional value viz. sugars and organic acids were profiled using GC-MS after silylation. The impact of probiotic bacteria on roselle infusion aroma profile was further assessed and revealed for the increase in furfural production with Lactobacillus plantarum inoculation and without affecting its anthocyanin content. This study provides the most complete map for volatiles, sugars and organic acids distribution in two Hibiscus flower cultivars and its fermented product. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Influence of Cultivar on the Postharvest Hardening of Trifoliate Yam (Dioscorea dumetorum Tubers
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Christian Siadjeu
2016-01-01
Full Text Available The influence of cultivar on the postharvest hardening of Dioscorea dumetorum tubers was assessed. 32 cultivars of D. dumetorum tubers were planted in April 2014, harvested at physiological maturity, and stored under prevailing tropical ambient conditions (19–28°C, 60–85% RH for 0, 5, 14, 21, and 28 days. Samples were evaluated for cooked hardness. Results showed that one cultivar, Ibo sweet 3, was not affected by the hardening phenomenon. The remaining 31 were all subject to the hardening phenomenon at different degree. Cooked hardness increased more rapidly in cultivars with many roots on the tuber surface compared to cultivars with few roots on the tuber surface. When both the characteristics flesh colour and number of roots on tuber surface were associated, cooked hardness in cultivars with yellow flesh and many roots increased more rapidly than in cultivars with white flesh and many roots, whereas cooked hardness in cultivars with yellow flesh and few roots increased more slowly than in cultivars with white flesh and few roots. Accessions collected in high altitude increased more rapidly compared to accessions collected in low altitude. The cultivar Ibo sweet 3 identified in this study could provide important information for breeding program of D. dumetorum against postharvest hardening phenomenon.
Autopercepção da fluorose pela exposição a flúor pela água e dentifrício
Menezes,Léa Maria Bezerra de; Sousa,Maria da Luz Rosário de; Rodrigues,Lidiany Karla Azevedo; Cury,Jaime Aparecido
2002-01-01
A percepção da fluorose dental e seu impacto em escolares de Piracicaba, SP, Brasil, expostos ao uso de flúor pela água e dentifrício, foram avaliados. O problema foi encontrado em 72% das crianças, mas o grau de alteração decorrente não provocou nenhum impacto na satisfação das crianças com seus dentes. Embora a fluorose dental, devido à ingestão de flúor pela água e ao uso de dentifrício fluoretado, não tenha comprometido a estética da amostra populacional avaliada, estudo mais abrangente d...
Micropropagation of peach rootstocks and cultivars.
Balla, Ildikó; Mansvelt, Lucienne
2013-01-01
Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is one of the most popular stone fruits, commercially produced largely in Mediterranean and, to a lesser extent, in continental climatic conditions. Several breeding programs with different aims release annually large numbers of new cultivars. Micropropagation offers a suitable method to provide the growers of sufficient quantities of rootstocks, as well as of pathogen-free planting material of old and new cultivars.An effective four-step micropropagation procedure for cultivar and rootstock production is described here, based on the use of modified MS and WPM media. The health status of the initial shoot tips is very important, also because the growth and proliferation rate of shoot cultures from virus-infected clones are generally very poor. Proliferation and elongation phases depend on the major macro-elements, as well as the content and ratio of plant growth regulators. It is important to grow the cultures at 22°C, as hyperhydricity may develop at higher temperatures. Although sucrose is the most common carbon source used during proliferation and rooting, for some peach cultivars and rootstocks the replacement of sucrose (10 g/L) with glucose (20 g/L) in the rooting medium improves the rooting and survival rates of plants in the acclimatization phase. The rooting rate of the rootstock "Cadaman" is improved with the chelated form of iron FeEDDHA at 150 mg/L. Rooted plants are acclimatized in greenhouse under high humidity conditions.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Célio R. F. Leite
2000-01-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar, no campo, no município de Londrina-PR, a resposta de 12 cultivares de soja em relação aos herbicidas diclosulam e flumetsulam aplicados e incorporados em Latossolo Roxo distrófico (80,84 % de argila, pH 5,4 e matéria orgânica 3,07 %. As cultivares foram: 'FT-Guaira', 'Embrapa-48', 'Ocepar-14', 'BR-16', 'Embrapa-4', 'Ocepar-13', 'BR-36', 'FT10-Princesa', 'FT-2000', 'FTAbyara', 'BR-37' e 'RS7- Jacuí'. O diclosulam foi utilizado nas doses de 35 g/ha (normal e 70 g/ha (dobrada; e o flumetsulam nas doses de 120 g/ha (normal e 240 g/ha (dobrada; também foi utilizada a mistura de diclosulam + flumetsulam (20 + 100 g/ha; e imazaquin à 150 g/ha. Nas doses normais utilizadas dos dois herbicidas não foi possível distinguir nenhuma cultivar suscetível. Em dose dobrada do diclosulam os rendimentos das cultivares 'FT-Guaira', 'Embrapa 4' e 'BR-37 ' foram reduzidos em 20,9 %, 11,8 % e 11,0 % respectivamente, em relação à testemunha. O flumetsulam à 240 g/ha e sua mistura com diclosulam também reduziu o rendimento destas cultivares, mais o da 'Ocepar-14'. A maioria das cultivares teve o estande reduzido, nas doses dobradas dos dois herbicidas, mas também sem significância. Somente o estande da cultivar 'Embrapa-48' não foi afetado, ao contrário da 'RS-7 Jacuí'. A altura de plantas foi menor em relação à testemunha no tratamento com flumetsulam à 240 g/ha. Na maioria das cultivares o peso da biomassa seca de nódulos foi menor nas doses dobradas, e em algumas também o peso por unidade de nódulos. A biomassa seca da parte aérea e da raiz não foram reduzidas.The objective of the present paper was to check the behaviour of 12 different soybean cultivars in relation to the tolerance to the herbicides flumetsulam and diclosulam applied on a soil classified as Latossolo Roxo distrófico (80,87% of clay, pH of 5,4 and 3,07 of organic matter in Londrina - PR. The cultivars were: 'FTGuaira', 'Embrapa
Effect of lentil cultivar on N2 fixation and N partitioning
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kurdali, F.; Kalifa, K.; Al-Shamma, M.
1996-12-01
The study conducted on five lentil cultivars. the results showed that dry matter production, nodulation and N sup 2 fixation were influenced by the cultivar. Beyond flowering, N sup 2 fixation, soil N uptake, and N and P remobilization differed by the cultivar. (author). 32 Refs., 7 Figs., 9 Tabs
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Katarzyna Dzida
2013-04-01
Full Text Available Among fundamental nutrients, nitrogen fertilization is considered one of the most effective factors affecting both the yield and the quality of plant material. Nitrogen form used for fertilizing is also of great importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of nitrogen nutrition (calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, and urea as well as (green, purple, and‘Fino Verde’ on the chemical composition and yielding of basil (Ocimum basilicumL.. After drying the plant material at a temperature of 60°C and milling, total nitrogen was determined by means of Kjeldahl method, while mineral nitrogen content (N-NH 4, N-NO 3 was analyzed in 2% acetic acid extract. Yield of fresh basil matter depended significantly on the variety grown. The highest yields were obtained from a cultivar of ‘Fino Verde’ fertilized with ammonium nitrate. The purple variety plants fertilized with urea were characterized by a largest amount of total nitrogen. The‘Fino Verde’cultivar fertilized with urea accumulated the least quantities of nitrates in the basil herb.
Testing Optimum Seeding Rates for five Bread Wheat Cultivars
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wekesa, S.J.; Kiriswa, F.; Owuoche, J.
1999-01-01
A cultivar by seed rate trial was conducted in 1994-1995 crop seasons at Njoro, Kenya. Yield results were found to be significant (P > 0.01) for year, variety, seed rate and year by seed rate interaction. Test weight was highly significant (P -1 were grouped together for significantly higher yields (A) whereas seed rates 85 and 50 kg ha -1 had lower significant yields (B and C respectively). The same grouping was repeated for test weight. There was no significant cultivar by seed rate interaction and no cultivar, specific seed rate. However, since seed rates 245, 205, 165 and 125 kg ha -1 were grouped together, the lowest seed rate, 125 kg ha -1 can be recommended as the optimum seed rate for the above cultivars, as higher seed rates do not give significantly higher yields or higher test weights
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
E.A. Ferreira
2005-03-01
Full Text Available O trabalho constou de dois ensaios e teve como objetivo avaliar a sensibilidade de 11 cultivares (SP80-1842, SP79-1011, SP81-3250, SP80-1816, RB855113, RB835486, RB845210, RB867515, RB928064, RB72454 e RB855536 e quatro clones (RB947643, RB855002, RB957712 e RB957689 de cana-de-açúcar à mistura pré-formulada dos herbicidas trifloxysulfuron-sodium (18,5 g kg-1 + ametryn (731,5 g kg-1, denominada Krismat®. Os cultivares e os clones foram cultivados em vasos em ambiente não-protegido. Em ambos os ensaios a mistura herbicida foi aplicada aos 60 dias após a brotação (DAB. No ensaio 1, a mistura herbicida foi aplicada em dose única de 2,00 kg ha-1 sobre todos os cultivares e clones, enquanto no ensaio 2 a mistura foi aplicada nas doses de 1,00, 2,00 e 6,00 kg ha¹ sobre os cultivares RB855113 e RB867515. Após a aplicação do herbicida e aos 45 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT, por ocasião da colheita, foram feitas avaliações semanais de fitotoxicidade, avaliando-se também a biomassa seca da parte aérea dos 11 cultivares e dos quatro clones. As variáveis altura da planta, número de folhas, área foliar e biomassa seca da parte aérea e do caule foram avaliadas no segundo ensaio. O cultivar RB855113 apresentou alta sensibilidade à mistura herbicida; os genótipos SP80-1842, SP801816, SP79-1011 e RB957689 apresentaram sensibilidade média; e os demais mostraram boa tolerância a esse produto. Para o cultivar RB855113, o maior índice de toxidez foi observado no período de 20 a 27 DAT. Nesse período observou-se redução da altura da planta, do número de folhas, da área foliar e da biomassa seca da parte aérea e do caule com o aumento das doses do produto. O cultivar RB867515 apresentou-se tolerante às menores doses do herbicida, porém, na maior dose testada, ele se mostrou sensível, observando-se redução nas características avaliadas.The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of 11 cultivars
Bioactive compounds in different cocoa (Theobroma cacao, L cultivars during fermentation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jaqueline Fontes Moreau Cruz
2015-06-01
Full Text Available One component that contribute to the flavor and aroma of chocolate are the polyphenols, which have received much attention due to their beneficial implications to human health. Besides bioactive action, polyphenols and methylxantines are responsible for astringency and bitterness in cocoa beans. Another important point is its drastic reduction during cocoa processing for chocolate production and the difference between cultivars. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the modifications in monomeric phenolic compounds and methylxanthines during fermentation of three cocoa cultivars grown in southern Bahia. Cocoa beans from three cultivars were fermented and sun dried and monomeric phenolic compounds and methylxantines were determinated. The results showed that each cultivar have different amounts of phenolic compounds and the behaviour of them is different during fermentation. The amount of methylxantines varied but there was not a pattern for methylxantines behavior during process. In addition a huge reduction in phenolic compounds could be observed after drying. Differently of phenolic compounds, methylxantines did not have great modification after sun drying. So, the differences observed in this study between cultivars, take to the conclusion that the compounds studied in those cocoa cultivars have different behavior during fermentation and drying, which consequently, give to these cultivars differences in sensory characteristics.
Genetic Relationships Among Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars Native to Turkey.
Sakar, Ebru; Unver, Hulya; Bakir, Melike; Ulas, Mehmet; Sakar, Zeynep Mujde
2016-08-01
Olive is a widely cultivated, mainly in the Mediterranean region, and economically important fruit species used as both olive oil and table olive consumption. In Turkey, more than 50 olive cultivars have been authorized for commercial plantations, representing the developmental base for the olive industry. The aim of the present study was to identify genetic relationships among the most widely grown 27 olive cultivars in Turkey, using microsatellite or simple sequence repeat markers. Nine well-known foreign olive cultivars from different countries are also included in the study to compare the Turkish cultivars. To determine genetic relationship and diversity, 10 SSR loci (DCA3, DCA9, DCA15, DCA18, UDO4, UDO9, UDO11, UDO12, UDO24, UDO28) were used. Jaccard's similarity coefficient and the UPGMA method for cluster analysis were performed using the software NTSYSpc. The results showed that the number of alleles per locus ranging from 4 (UDO4, UDO9, UDO11, UDO12, DCA15) to 12 (DCA9) presenting high polymorphism. There were no identical cultivars. High similarity was shown by cultivars Maviand Adana topağı (0.754). The most genetically divergent cultivars, Domat-Meski (0.240) and Domat-NizipYağlık (0.245), were also identified.
The use of cultivars of Raphanus sativus for cytokinin bioassay
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dorota Kubowicz
2013-12-01
Full Text Available Six cultivars of radish (Raphanus sativus were tested for their usefulness in radish cytokinin bioassay by the method of Letham (1971. The best cultivar was found to be 'Sopel Lodu' which responds well to both zeatin and 2iP over a wide range of concentrations. The fresh weight of cotyledons increased at most by 71.5% (if treated with zeatin or 101.0% (if treated with 2iP compared to untreated cotyledons. This cultivar is also sensitive to the partially purified cytokinin-like fraction isolated from the pine (Pinus silvestris cambial region. The cultivar 'Sopel Lodu' is therefore proposed to be a suitable plant for cytokinin bioassays.
Importância das interações cultivares x locais e cultivares x anos na avaliação de milho na safrinha
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Flávia Maria Avelar Gonçalves
1999-07-01
Full Text Available Com o objetivo de verificar a importância da interação cultivares x locais e cultivares x anos e de identificar entre os híbridos já disponíveis os que sejam mais adaptados e estáveis para o cultivo em safrinha, foram estimados os parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade a partir de dados obtidos em experimentos de avaliação de cultivares de milho na safrinha, nos anos de 1993, 1994 e 1995. Esses experimentos foram conduzidos nos Estados de São Paulo, Goiás e Paraná. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Constatou-se que a magnitude da variância da interação cultivares com anos dentro de locais foi mais expressiva do que entre locais, o que indica a necessidade de que as avaliações de cultivares na safrinha sejam realizadas num maior número de anos. As cultivares diferiram quanto à adaptabilidade e estabilidade de produção de grãos. Os materiais que se destacaram como mais adaptados e estáveis foram o híbrido simples Zeneca 8452, o híbrido triplo C 805 e o híbrido duplo Agromen 2012. Já os híbridos duplos BR 201, Planagri 411, AG 303 e C 125 foram os que mostraram menor adaptação e maior instabilidade.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
André Ribeiro da Costa
2010-12-01
Full Text Available Este experimento foi conduzido em uma área do Centro Técnico de Irrigação (CTI da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação de porcentagens de doses para NPK, no número de ramos plagiotrópicos e na produtividade das cultivares de cafeeiro Obatã e IAPAR - 59 em diferentes cultivos (não irrigado, irrigado e fertirrigado. As mudas foram plantadas em espaçamento de 2,0 metros entre linhas e 1,0 metro entre plantas, caracterizando sistema adensado. Utilizou-se o sistema de irrigação localizada por gotejamento. O experimento foi esquematizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. As parcelas e subparcelas foram compostas pelas porcentagens de doses de NPK e pelos cultivos, respectivamente. A interação entre estes fatores influenciou significativamente a produtividade e o número de ramos plagiotrópicos, permitindo concluir qual a dose de fertilizante mais indicada para cada cultivo. A produtividade máxima para a cultivar Obatã foi conseguida com as doses de NPK de percentual 119,5%, 151,25%, e 154,17% para os cultivos não irrigados, irrigados e fertirrigados, respectivamente. A máxima produtividade da cultivar IAPAR - 59 nos cultivos não irrigados, irrigados e fertirrigados foi alcançada com os percentuais de 137,83%, 162% e 151,75%, respectivamente. Em relação ao número de ramos plagiotrópicos, a melhor dose para a cultivar Obatã, nos cultivos irrigados e fertirrigados, correspondeu a dose de 200%, enquanto que a dose de 150% foi a mais adequada para as plantas irrigadas da cultivar IAPAR - 59. Os melhores desempenhos produtivos foram obtidos nos cultivos fertirrigados.This experiment was conducted in an area of the Technical Center of Irrigation (CTI of the State University of Maringá (UEM with the objective of evaluating the effect of the application of different percentages of doses of NPK (50%; 100%; 150%; 200% in the
Lee, Young Hee; Kim, Sang Hee; Yun, Byung-Wook; Hong, Jeum Kyu
2014-09-01
Two cultivars Buram-3-ho (susceptible) and CR-Hagwang (moderate resistant) of kimchi cabbage seedlings showed differential defense responses to anthracnose (Colletotrichum higginsianum), black spot (Alternaria brassicicola) and black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Xcc) diseases in our previous study. Defense-related hormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene led to different transcriptional regulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression in both cultivars. In this study, exogenous application of SA suppressed basal defenses to C. higginsianum in the 1st leaves of the susceptible cultivar and cultivar resistance of the 2nd leaves of the resistant cultivar. SA also enhanced susceptibility of the susceptible cultivar to A. brassicicola. By contrast, SA elevated disease resistance to Xcc in the resistant cultivar, but not in the susceptible cultivar. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) treatment did not affect the disease resistance to C. higginsianum and Xcc in either cultivar, but it compromised the disease resistance to A. brassicicola in the resistant cultivar. Treatment with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) ethylene precursor did not change resistance of the either cultivar to C. higginsianum and Xcc. Effect of ACC pretreatment on the resistance to A. brassicicola was not distinguished between susceptible and resistant cultivars, because cultivar resistance of the resistant cultivar was lost by prolonged moist dark conditions. Taken together, exogenously applied SA, JA and ethylene altered defense signaling crosstalk to three diseases of anthracnose, black spot and black rot in a cultivar-dependent manner.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Young Hee Lee
2014-09-01
Full Text Available Two cultivars Buram-3-ho (susceptible and CR-Hagwang (moderate resistant of kimchi cabbage seedlings showed differential defense responses to anthracnose (Colletotrichum higginsianum, black spot (Alternaria brassicicola and black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Xcc diseases in our previous study. Defense-related hormones salicylic acid (SA, jasmonic acid (JA and ethylene led to different transcriptional regulation of pathogenesis-related (PR gene expression in both cultivars. In this study, exogenous application of SA suppressed basal defenses to C. higginsianum in the 1st leaves of the susceptible cultivar and cultivar resistance of the 2nd leaves of the resistant cultivar. SA also enhanced susceptibility of the susceptible cultivar to A. brassicicola. By contrast, SA elevated disease resistance to Xcc in the resistant cultivar, but not in the susceptible cultivar. Methyl jasmonate (MJ treatment did not affect the disease resistance to C. higginsianum and Xcc in either cultivar, but it compromised the disease resistance to A. brassicicola in the resistant cultivar. Treatment with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC ethylene precursor did not change resistance of the either cultivar to C. higginsianum and Xcc. Effect of ACC pretreatment on the resistance to A. brassicicola was not distinguished between susceptible and resistant cultivars, because cultivar resistance of the resistant cultivar was lost by prolonged moist dark conditions. Taken together, exogenously applied SA, JA and ethylene altered defense signaling crosstalk to three diseases of anthracnose, black spot and black rot in a cultivar-dependent manner.
Morphogenic variability of some autochthonous plum cultivars in western Serbia
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Tomo Milosevic
2010-12-01
Full Text Available A study conducted over a period of two years in a Western Serbian valley included in situ identification of autochthonous plum cultivars. Observation and recording of their phenological and pomological traits were performed using IBPGR and UPOV methodologies. Fifteen cultivars derived from Prunus domestica L. and two cultivars derived from P. insititia L. were identified. Flowering started between 24 March and 7 April and fruit ripening between 12 July (Petrovača and 16 September (Trnovača. Fruit weight ranged from 6.79± 0.018 to 36.62± 0.251 g and stone weight from 0.14± 0.002 to 1.95± 0.023 g. The cultivars were classified as being extremely small in terms of fruit size. Rounded fruit shape and light-yellow ground colour were dominant. Skin colour ranged from amber to black. Yellow green was a dominant flesh colour and medium flesh firmness predominated. The fruits of the above cultivars could be processed, particularly into plum brandy, or they could be used fresh or dried. The selected plum cultivars can be used both in breeding programmes and as rootstocks as well as in further disease-related systematic studies under field and laboratory conditions.
SSR Analysis of Genetic Diversity Among 192 Diploid Potato Cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Xiaoyan Song
2016-05-01
Full Text Available In potato breeding, it is difficult to improve the traits of interest at the tetraploid level due to the tetrasomic inheritance. A promising alternative is diploid breeding. Thus it is necessary to assess the genetic diversity of diploid potato germplasm for efficient exploration and deployment of desirable traits. In this study, we used SSR markers to evaluate the genetic diversity of diploid potato cultivars. To screen polymorphic SSR markers, 55 pairs of SSR primers were employed to amplify 39 cultivars with relatively distant genetic relationships. Among them, 12 SSR markers with high polymorphism located at 12 chromosomes were chosen to evaluate the genetic diversity of 192 diploid potato cultivars. The primers produced 6 to 18 bands with an average of 8.2 bands per primer. In total, 98 bands were amplified from 192 cultivars, and 97 of them were polymorphic. Cluster analysis using UPGMA showed the genetic relationships of all accessions tested: 186 of the 192 accessions could be distinguished by only 12 pairs of SSR primers, and the 192 diploid cultivars were divided into 11 groups, and 83.3% constituted the first group. Clustering results showed relatively low genetic diversity among 192 diploid cultivars, with closer relationship at the molecular level. The results can provide molecular basis for diploid potato breeding.
Six cultivars of Solanum macrocarpon (Solanaceae in Ghana
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Z. R. Bukenya
1987-10-01
Full Text Available The Solanum macrocarpon complex (the cultivated egg plant has been studied in Ghana using morphological and experimental methods. Six cultivars belonging to the S. macrocarpon complex have been recognized and described. The cultivars are S. macrocarpon ‘Gboma’, S. macrocarpon ‘Mankessim’, S. macrocarpon ‘Akwaseho’, S. macrocarpon ‘Kade’, S. macrocarpon ‘Sarpeiman’ and S. macrocarpon ‘Bui’. The very spiny, hairy plant traditionally called S. dasyphyllum is regarded as the wild ancestor from which the cultivars have been derived through a process of crop evolution. The variation within S. macrocarpon complex is attributable to genotypic differences and environmental factors.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rachel Benetti Queiroz-Voltan
2007-01-01
Full Text Available A bactéria Xylella fastidiosa causa prejuízos à cafeicultura e o emprego de produtos químicos, até o presente, não tem possibilitado o controle econômico dessa bactéria. O manejo adequado do cafezal, desde o plantio, com o uso de mudas isentas da bactéria e o controle das cigarrinhas vetoras, são medidas que atenuam a incidência da doença. A utilização de podas, que tem sido recomendada como medida de controle em citros e videiras, não tem ainda eficiência comprovada para o cafeeiro. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se estudar a eficácia do emprego da poda do tipo decote em cafeeiros arábica como controle de X. fastidiosa. Para tanto, após o emprego desse tipo de poda em cafeeiros infectados pela bactéria, quantificou-se a proporção de elementos de vaso do xilema obstruídos pela bactéria, e avaliou-se a severidade dos sintomas externos de infecção provocados pela X. fastidiosa. Oito meses após a aplicação da poda, no mês de junho de 2003 (período seco, observou-se que as plantas estavam com 4% dos elementos de vaso do pecíolo, 2% na nervura principal e 1% no caule obstruído pela X. fastidiosa. No período chuvoso, 14 meses após a poda, a proporção de obstrução dos elementos de vaso diminuiu para 2% no pecíolo, 1% no caule e na nervura principal. A prática da poda diminuiu ligeiramente a proporção de elementos de vaso obstruídos pela bactéria apenas no período seco, uma vez que foi observado antes da poda um máximo de 6% de obstrução no pecíolo. Os novos ramos que brotavam no cafeeiro, na estação chuvosa, pareciam compensar a obstrução dos ramos mais velhos, diminuindo a proporção de obstrução dos elementos de vaso na planta. Em 2003, não houve diferenças na severidade do sintoma externo entre os tratamentos nos dois períodos, seca e chuvoso. Entretanto, no período seco de 2004, as cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81 e Mundo Novo IAC 515-20, enxertadas sobre o porta-enxerto 'Apoatã IAC 2258
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Christina Dudienas
2013-03-01
Full Text Available A ferrugem polissora, causada por Puccinia polysora Underw. é uma das doenças mais destrutivas da cultura do milho, ocorrendo em importantes áreas de produção desta cultura no Brasil. A principal forma de controle desta doença é o uso de cultivares resistentes, havendo no mercado um grande número de cultivares com diferentes graus de resistência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a reação de cultivares comerciais de milho quanto à resistência à ferrugem polissora, em diferentes localidades no Estado de São Paulo, correlacionando com a produtividade. Foram avaliados 50 híbridos simples e triplos (HST e 22 híbridos duplos e variedades de milho (HDV em uso pelos agricultores no ano agrícola 2005/2006 quanto à sua reação à ferrugem polissora em seis locais nas regiões oeste e centro-norte do Estado de São Paulo. Nos experimentos com HST, as cultivares mais resistentes e que tiveram as maiores produtividades foram: 30F80, 30F90, 30K73, AG 7000, DAS 2B710, DKB 191, DKB 466 e Impacto. Dentre os HDV, destacaram-se como as mais resistentes e apresentando as maiores produtividades: 30S40 e AG 2040. A redução de produtividade em função da severidade da ferrugem polissora, avaliada no estádio de grãos pastosos, variou de 3,5% para cultivares com aproximadamente 2,5% de área foliar afetada a 20,3% para cultivares com, em média, 39% de área foliar afetada, em relação às cultivares com maior resistência à doença (1,4% de área foliar afetada.Southern rust, caused by Puccinia polysora Underw., has become one of the most destructive diseases affecting maize, occurring in important areas of production of this crop in Brazil. Using resistant cultivars is the most efficient means to control this disease, and there are a large number of cultivars with different resistance degrees in the market. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reaction of commercial maize cultivars for resistance to southern rust in different
Grain legume cultivars derived from induced mutations, and mutations affecting nodulation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bhatia, C.R.; Maluszynski, M.; Nichterlein, K.; Zanten, L. van
2001-01-01
Two hundred and sixty-five grain legume cultivars developed using induced mutations have been released in 32 countries. A maximum number of cultivars have been released in soybean (58), followed by common bean (50), groundnut (44), pea (32) and mungbean (14). Gamma or x-ray exposures of seeds led to the direct development of 111 cultivars, while neutron and chemical mutagen treatments resulted in 8 and 36 cultivars respectively. One hundred and three cultivars have been developed using mutants in cross breeding. Attempts have been made to estimate the successful dose range for gamma and x-rays, defined as the dose range, which led to the development, registration and release of a maximum number of mutant cultivars. Exposures to seeds ranging between 100-200 Gy in all grain legumes, except faba bean, resulted in 49 out of 111 cultivars being developed as direct mutants. Successful doses reported for faba bean are lower than 100 Gy. Modified crop plant characters are listed. Besides the development of new cultivars, a large number of induced mutants that show altered nodulation pattern have been isolated in grain legumes. Such mutants have made a significant contribution in basic studies on host-symbiont interactions and towards cloning of plant genes related to symbiosis and nitrogen fixation. Their exploitation in breeding programs for enhancing nitrogen fixation is just beginning. Available information on nodulation mutants in grain legume crops is summarised. Mainly, four types of nodulation mutants have been isolated. They show either: no nodulation (nod -), few nodules (nod +/-), ineffective nodulation (Fix-), hypernodulation (nod ++) or hypernodulation even in the presence of otherwise inhibitory nitrate levels (nts). Hypernodulating and nts mutants are of great interest. A soybean cultivar incorporating nts trait has been released in Australia. (author)
Root Differentiation of Agricultural Plant Cultivars and Proveniences Using FTIR Spectroscopy
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nicole Legner
2018-06-01
Full Text Available The differentiation of roots of agricultural species is desired for a deeper understanding of the belowground root interaction which helps to understand the complex interaction in intercropping and crop-weed systems. The roots can be reliably differentiated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR. In two replicated greenhouse experiments, six pea cultivars, five oat cultivars as well as seven maize cultivars and five barnyard grass proveniences (n = 10 plants/cultivar or provenience were grown under controlled conditions. One root of each plant was harvested and five different root segments of each root were separated, dried and measured with FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. The results showed that, firstly, the root spectra of single pea and single oat cultivars as well as single maize and single barnyard grass cultivars/proveniences separated species-specific in cluster analyses. In the majority of cases the species separation was correct, but in a few cases, the spectra of the root tips had to be omitted to ensure the precise separation between the species. Therefore, species differentiation is possible regardless of the cultivar or provenience. Consequently, all tested cultivars of pea and oat spectra were analyzed together and separated within a cluster analysis according to their affiliated species. The same result was found in a cluster analysis with maize and barnyard grass spectra. Secondly, a cluster analysis with all species (pea, oat, maize and barnyard grass was performed. The species split up species-specific and formed a dicotyledonous pea cluster and a monocotyledonous cluster subdivided in oat, maize and barnyard grass subclusters. Thirdly, cultivar or provenience differentiations within one species were possible in one of the two replicated experiments. But these separations were less resilient.
Common bean grain yield as affected by sulfur fertilization and cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adriano Stephan Nascente
Full Text Available ABSTRACT A better understanding of the differential growth of common bean cultivars with increasing soil sulfur (S availability can indicate how to improve common bean grain yield in soils of Savannas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of sprinkler-irrigated common bean cultivars to sulfur fertilization in a no-tillage system. The experiment was designed as a randomized block in a split-plot scheme with sulfur rates (0, 10, 20, 40, and 60 kg ha-1 as main plots and common bean cultivars (BRS Requinte, BRS Cometa, Diamante Negro, BRS Grafite, BRS Valente, and Corrente as subplots, with three replications. Common bean cultivars did not differ regarding grain yield response to sulfur rates, which fitted to a quadratic equation. Among the cultivars tested, only BRS Requinte and BRS Valente differed in grain yield for S fertilization, the first being more productive. Moreover, S fertilization allows significant increases in common bean grain yield in average of six cultivars and must be considered in cropping systems aiming for high yields.
Genealogy of wine grape cultivars: "Pinot" is related to "Syrah".
Vouillamoz, J F; Grando, M S
2006-08-01
Since the domestication of wild grapes ca 6000 years ago, numerous cultivars have been generated by spontaneous or deliberate crosses, and up to 10 000 are still in existence today. Just as in human paternity analysis, DNA typing can reveal unexpected parentage of grape cultivars. In this study, we have analysed 89 grape cultivars with 60 microsatellite markers in order to accurately calculate the identity-by-descent (IBD) and relatedness (r) coefficients among six putatively related cultivars from France ("Pinot", "Syrah" and "Dureza") and northern Italy ("Teroldego", "Lagrein" and "Marzemino"). Using a recently developed likelihood-based approach to analyse kinship in grapes, we provide the first evidence of a genetic link between grapes across the Alps: "Dureza" and "Teroldego" turn out to be full-siblings (FS). For the first time in grapevine genetics we were able to detect FS without knowing one of the parents and identify unexpected second-degree relatives. We reconstructed the most likely pedigree that revealed a third-degree relationship between the worldwide-cultivated "Pinot" from Burgundy and "Syrah" from the Rhone Valley. Our finding was totally unsuspected by classical ampelography and it challenges the commonly assumed independent origins of these grape cultivars. Our results and this new approach in grape genetics will (a) help grape breeders to avoid choosing closely related varieties for new crosses, (b) provide pedigrees of cultivars in order to detect inheritance of disease-resistance genes and (c) open the way for future discoveries of first- and second-degree relationships between grape cultivars in order to better understand viticultural migrations.
Oliveira, Patricia Chaves; Carvalho, Claudio Jose Reis
2009-01-01
A importância de se conhecer as concentrações e os estoques de nutrientes como o fósforo (P) e o nitrogênio (N) na serrapilheira (liteira) produzida por espécies potencialmente acumuladoras de fósforo em florestas secundárias cujos solos são deficientes neste nutriente deve-se à necessidade de se identificar mulch de qualidade para a tecnologia de preparo de área do tipo chop and mulch recentemente praticada pela Agricultura Itinerante do Nordeste do Estado do Pará. Dessa forma, os teores e o...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rodrigo Kelson Silva Rezende
2009-11-01
Full Text Available No processo de produção comercial de mudas de gérbera, a cor da flor é uma das principais características morfológicas de interesse agronômico, sendo uma característica importante em programas de melhoramento genético. A utilização de marcadores moleculares pode servir para direcionar cruzamentos, confirmar novos híbridos ou genótipos mutantes e identificar novos genótipos para fins comerciais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a divergência genética entre seis cultivares de Gerbera jamesonii ('Jaguar Yellow', 'Jaguar Cream', 'Jaguar Lemon', 'Jaguar Salmon Pastel', 'Jaguar Red', 'Jaguar Deep Rose'. A análise de divergência genética entre as cultivares de gérbera foi realizada utilizando-se 21 primers, os quais amplificaram 37 fragmentos polimórficos de DNA, que foram usados para estimar o coeficiente de Jaccard, o qual apresentou uma média de 0,38, variando de 0,28 a 0,56. A estrutura genética entre as cultivares foi estimada pelo UPGMA, revelando dois grupos distintos, a 38% de similaridade genética. A maior similaridade genética encontrada (56% foi entre as cultivares 'Jaguar Yellow' e 'Jaguar Lemon'. Os resultados demonstram que a técnica RAPD oferece uma maneira rápida, relativamente barata e útil para a caracterização da divergência genética entre as diferentes cultivares de Gerbera jamesonii com relação à cor da flor.During the commercial production of gerbera seedlings, flower color is one of the main morphological aspects that have an agronomic interest and becoming an important feature in genetic breeding programs. The use of molecular markers may serve to direct crossings, new hybrids and mutants, besides confirm and identify new genotypes for commercial purposes. In that context, this work aimed to analyze the genetic divergence among six cultivars of Gerbera jamesonii ('Jaguar Yellow', 'Jaguar Cream', 'Jaguar Lemon', 'Jaguar Salmon Pastel', 'Jaguar Red', 'Jaguar Deep Rose'. The
The Study of Phenological and Morphophysiological Traits of New and Old Barely Shoot Cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
N Moshfeghi
2015-07-01
Full Text Available In order to compare morphophysiological traits between new and old cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. a greenhouse experiment was conducted in greenhouse condition in Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in spring and summer 2011.The type of experiment was a completely randomized design with eight treatments (Nosrat , Youssof , Fagr30 , Nick and four old cultivars include (Reihan, Kavir, Zarjo , Valfajr and three replications. All seeds were grown in PVC tubes contained washed sands and disruptive sampling was occurred with destroying plastic bags in the end of the four stages uncluding 6th leaf stage, jointing, heading and ripening. Results indicated that new cultivars showed better performances in all shoot growth parameters than the old cultivars. Modern cultivars for most traits, particularly traits that were positively correlated with yield and its components proved more successful than the old cultivars. They had longer reproductive periods and grain filling duration but their vegetative period were shorter than old cultivars. Among shoots characteristics, new cultivars had higher leaf area, stem dry weight and stem length than old cultivars. Result of this study showed that, among all the characteristics of grain yield and yield components, such as grain weight ,spike length, spike per plant, grain per spike and number tiller , new figures were better than old figures. In general, new cultivar Nick was introduced as the best cultivar and Zarjo was introduced as the weakest cultivar.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Leonardo A. de Aquino
2013-05-01
Full Text Available Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o estado nutricional, caracteres agronômicos e a produtividade de cultivares de girassol sob irrigação. Os cultivares Embrapa 122 V-2000, Hélio 250, Hélio 251, Hélio 253, Hélio 358, Hélio 360, IAC Iarama, Dow Agroscience M 734 e MG 02, foram semeados em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. O número de folhas por planta no florescimento foi maior nos híbridos Hélio 250, Hélio 251, Hélio 253, Hélio 358, Hélio 360, Dow Agroscience M 734 e MG 02, em relação aos cultivares de polinização aberta Embrapa 122 V-2000 e IAC Iarama. Os teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S foram 40,91; 3,51; 35,91; 33,91; 6,23 e 7,88 g kg-1, respectivamente. Os cultivares Embrapa 122 V-2000 e IAC-Iarama apresentaram teor de P na folha índice menor que os demais cultivares. Os teores foliares de Zn, Cu, Fe e o Mn foram 75,15; 24,11; 98,39 e 348,10 mg kg-1, respectivamente. O teor médio de B na folha índice nos híbridos e nas variedades de polinização aberta foi de 119,25 e 140,35 mg kg-1, respectivamente. Os cultivares Hélio 250, Hélio 251, Hélio 253, Hélio 358, Hélio 360, Dow Agroscience M 734 e MG 02 apresentaram maior produtividade que o Embrapa 122 V-2000 e o IAC Iarama.This work aimed to assess nutritional status, agronomic characteristics, and productivity of sunflower cultivars under irrigation. Embrapa 122 V-2000, Hélio 250, Hélio 251, Hélio 253, Hélio 358, Hélio 360, IAC Iarama, and Dow Agroscience M 734 and MG 02 cultivars were sown in randomized block design with four replications. The number of leaves per plant in full bloom was higher in hybrid Hélio 250, Hélio 251, Hélio 253, Hélio 358, Hélio 360 and Dow Agroscience MG 734 and M 02 related to open-pollinated cultivars Embrapa 122 V-2000 and IAC Iarama. Foliar contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S were 40.91, 3.51, 35.91, 33.91, 6.23, and 7.88 g kg-1, respectively. Embrapa 122 V-2000 and IAC-Iarama cultivars showed an average
Adaptability and phenotypic stability of soybean cultivars for grain yield and oil content.
Silva, K B; Bruzi, A T; Zuffo, A M; Zambiazzi, E V; Soares, I O; de Rezende, P M; Fronza, V; Vilela, G D L; Botelho, F B S; Teixeira, C M; de O Coelho, M A
2016-04-25
The aim of this study was to verify the adaptability and stability of soybean cultivars with regards to yield and oil content. Data of soybean yield and oil content were used from experiments set up in six environments in the 2011/12 and 2012/13 crop seasons in the municipalities of Patos de Minas, Uberaba, Lavras, and São Gotardo, Minas Gerais, Brazil, testing 36 commercial soybean cultivars of both conventional and transgenic varieties. The Wricke method and GGE biplot analysis were used to evaluate adaptability and stability of these cultivars. Large variations were observed in grain yield in relation to the different environments studied, showing that these materials are adaptable. The cultivars exhibited significant differences in oil content. The cultivars BRSGO204 (Goiânia) and BRSMG (Garantia) exhibited the greatest average grain yield in the different environments studied, and the cultivar BRSMG 760 SRR had the greatest oil content among the cultivars evaluated. Ecovalence was adopted to identify the most stable cultivars, and the estimates were nearly uniform both for grain yield and oil content, showing a variation of 0.07 and 0.01%, respectively. The GGE biplot was efficient at identifying cultivars with high adaptability and phenotype stability.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Helen Cristina de Arruda Rodrigues
2010-07-01
Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência de nitrogênio nodesenvolvimento de mudas de cultivares de mamona. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação, no Setor de Cafeicultura do Departamento de Agricultura da UFLA, Lavras, Estado de Minas Gerais, utilizando-se quatro doses de nitrogênio N (0, 150, 300 e 450 mg kg-1 de substrato em três cultivares de mamona (AL-Guarani, Nordestina eMirante-10. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições e duas plantas por parcela. Foram avaliados parâmetros referentes ao crescimento das mudas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a aplicação de nitrogênio prejudicou o crescimento das mudas em todas as cultivares avaliadas. A cultivar Mirante-10 destacou-se das demais.The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen on the development of seedlings of castor bean cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the of the Department of Agriculture at the Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, using four levels of nitrogen (0, 150, 300 and 450 mg kg-1 inthree cultivars of castor bean (AL-Guarani, Nordestina and Mirante 10. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications and two plants per plot. Parameters were evaluated for the growth of seedlings. According to the obtained results, the application of nitrogen decreased the growth of seedlings in all cultivars. Cultivar Mirante-10 stood out from the others.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Neyde Fabíola Balarezo Giarola
2009-10-01
Full Text Available O processo de compactação pode modificar os atributos físicos do solo a ponto de limitar o potencial genético de desenvolvimento de culturas agrícolas ou de cultivares mais sensíveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, em Latossolo Vermelho Eutroférrico típico, a resposta de parâmetros de produção de cultivares de soja (Glycine max L. Merrill e atributos físicos do solo ao sistema plantio direto em condições de lavoura e com compactação adicional. O estudo foi conduzido na C-Vale Cooperativa Agroindustrial, em Palotina, Estado do Paraná. Foram avaliados dois tratamentos de solo: sistema plantio direto sem compactação adicional (SPD-C0 e sistema plantio direto com compactação adicional (PD-C1, e cinco cultivares de soja: (1 Coodetec 204, (2 Coodetec 215, (3 Monsoy 5942,(4 Embrapa 48 e (5 Spring. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 X 2. Os atributos de solo avaliados foram: densidade do solo, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade. Nas plantas, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: fitomassa seca, altura de plantas, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, massa demil grãos e produtividade. Os resultados demonstraram que as variáveis de produção das cultivares de soja não foram influenciados pelos diferentes níveis de compactação do solo, e as diferenças observadas se deveram às características das próprias cultivares.The compaction process can promote changes in the physical attributes of soil, to the point of limiting the genetic potential for the development of more sensitive agricultural crops or cultivars. Thegoal of this study was to evaluate, on a clayed Red Latosol (Oxisol, the response of production parameters of different varieties of soybean (Glycine max and physical attributes of soil under tillage farming, and with additional compression. The study was conducted at C-Valley Agroindustrial Cooperative, in Palotina (Paraná State. Two treatments
Molecular characterization of olive cultivars grown in Iraq using ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
husam
database for Iraqi olive cultivars, in breeding strategies and in correct cultivar identification. Key words: Olea europaea, genetic diversity ... cultivated fruit tree species in the Mediterranean basin. It is a predominant allogamous species .... carried out using an automatic DNA analyzer (Model 3100 Prism;. Applied Biosystems).
Manechini, João Ricardo Vieira; da Costa, Juliana Borges; Pereira, Bruna Turcatto; Carlini-Garcia, Luciana Aparecida; Xavier, Mauro Alexandre; Landell, Marcos Guimarães de Andrade; Pinto, Luciana Rossini
2018-01-01
The Brazilian sugarcane industry plays an important role in the worldwide supply of sugar and ethanol. Investigation into the genetic structure of current commercial cultivars and comparisons to the main ancestor species allow sugarcane breeding programs to better manage crosses and germplasm banks as well as to promote its rational use. In the present study, the genetic structure of a group of Brazilian cultivars currently grown by commercial producers was assessed through microsatellite markers and contrasted with a group of basic germplasm mainly composed of Saccharum officinarum and S. spontaneum accessions. A total of 285 alleles was obtained by a set of 12 SSRs primer pairs that taken together were able to efficiently distinguish and capture the genetic variability of sugarcane commercial cultivars and basic germplasm accessions allowing its application in a fast and cost-effective way for routine cultivar identification and management of sugarcane germplasm banks. Allelic distribution revealed that 97.6% of the cultivar alleles were found in the basic germplasm while 42% of the basic germplasm alleles were absent in cultivars. Of the absent alleles, 3% was exclusive to S. officinarum, 33% to S. spontaneum and 19% to other species/exotic hybrids. We found strong genetic differentiation between the Brazilian commercial cultivars and the two main species (S. officinarum: [Formula: see text] = 0.211 and S. spontaneum: [Formula: see text] = 0.216, Pcommercial cultivars. Average dissimilarity within cultivars was 1.2 and 1.4 times lower than that within S. officinarum and S. spontaneum. Genetic divergence found between cultivars and S. spontaneum accessions has practical applications for energy cane breeding programs as the choice of more divergent parents will maximize the frequency of transgressive individuals in the progeny.
Breeders’ work after cultivar development - the stage of recommendation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luiz Carlos Federizzi
2012-12-01
Full Text Available The development of new cultivars is the ultimate goal of breeding programs and is the result of many years of hard work and dedication of breeders and their teams. An important part of the process, often neglected by geneticists, is the stage from recommendation to the production of breeder seed (post-breeding. This paper discusses the role of the breeder in the recommendation, registration, protection and marketing of new cultivars. The breeder’s active participation in all phases of post-breeding is fundamental to ensure that the cultivar reaches farmers quickly and can provide the benefits expected by society
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alcides Carvalho
1988-01-01
Full Text Available O cultivar Laurina de Coffea arabica L. caracteriza-se pelo pequeno porte, folhas de dimensões reduzidas, frutos afilados na base, sementes pequenas e afiladas, pequeno rendimento e reduzida produção. Apresenta, no entanto, bebida de boa qualidade e baixo teor de cafeína nas sementes. Suas principais características são controladas pela ação de um par de alelos recessivos lrlr, de acentuado efeito pleiotrópico. Devido ao atual interesse do comércio por produto de baixo teor de cafeína, iniciaram-se pesquisas tendo em vista principalmente aumentar a produtividade do 'Laurina'. Para esse fim, realizaram-se numerosas hibridações de cafeeiros do 'Laurina' com os do 'Mundo Novo' (Coffea arabica e, posteriormente, retrocruzamentos com o 'Mundo Novo'. Estudaram-se as progênies F2 e retrocruzamentos com o 'Mundo Novo' (RC em Campinas, em um experimento, anotando-se as produções por oito anos consecutivos. Separaram-se algumas progênies F2 em dois grupos, antes do plantio: normais (LrLr,Lrlr e laurina (Irlr. Como testemunhas, usaram-se progênies do 'Mundo Novo' e 'Catuaí Amarelo' de C. arabica. O conjunto de plantas F2 do grupo laurina e os retrocruzamentos tiveram produção média maior do que as plantas F2 normais, porém menor do que as testemunhas. Alguns retrocruzamentos e progênies F2 apresentaram plantas com razoável produtividade, indicando que, através de retrocruzamentos com o 'Mundo Novo', podem-se obter novos tipos comerciais com as características morfológicas do 'Laurina'. Fizeram-se considerações sobre a melhor capacidade de combinação do 'Laurina' com algumas seleções do 'Mundo Novo'.The Laurina cultivars of Coffea arabica L. has a reduced plant size, small leaves, small and pointed seeds and low yield capacity. However the seeds have a good cup quality and the desirable characteristic of low caffeine content The Laurina phenotype is supposed to be controlled by a pair of recessive alleles lrlr, with
Evaluation of Local Wheat Cultivars Susceptibility to infection with Black Stem Rust
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Batta, Y.A.
2007-01-01
The present study was conducted to assess the susceptibility of seven local wheat cultivars from Palestine to infection with black stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Two techniques of disease inoculation were applied during bioassays: global inoculation of entire wheat plants with urediospores and localized inoculation with urediospores and localized inoculation with urediospores on wheat leaf-pieces incubated under humid conditions. Susceptibility of tested cultivars was evaluated according to disease scale based on number and size of typical unredial pustules that appeared after inoculation on entire plants or leaf pieces. Results obtained on bioassay of susceptibility and disease rating on entire plants indicated that Anbar, Kamata and Hetiya safra cultivars were the least susceptible to P. g. tritici infection, whereas Debiya beda cultivar was the most susceptible. The other tested cultivars such as Nab-El-Jama, sawda and Senf 870 were moderately susceptible. On leaf-pieces, Anbar and Kamatat were the least susceptible cultivars, whereas Debiya beda and Nab-El-Jamal were the most susceptible cultivars. The other tested cultivars such as Debiya swada, Senf 870 and Hetiya safra were moderately susceptible. Significant reductions were obtained for the size of unredial postules formed on leaf-pieces when inoculated in an unwounded state compared to the wounded indicating the importance of wounds during inoculation. The global results indicated the possibility of using above method of disease inoculating, scaling and rating for evaluation of wheat cultivars susceptibility for the eventual use in breeding program for resistant varieties in Palestine. (author)
Volatile components from mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars.
Pino, Jorge A; Mesa, Judith; Muñoz, Yamilie; Martí, M Pilar; Marbot, Rolando
2005-03-23
The volatile components of 20 mango cultivars were investigated by means of simultaneous distillation-extraction, GC, and GC-MS. Three hundred and seventy-two compounds were identified, of which 180 were found for the first time in mango fruit. The total concentration of volatiles was approximately 18-123 mg/kg of fresh fruit. Terpene hydrocarbons were the major volatiles of all cultivars, the dominant terpenes being delta-3-carene (cvs. Haden, Manga amarilla, Macho, Manga blanca, San Diego, Manzano, Smith, Florida, Keitt, and Kent), limonene (cvs. Delicioso, Super Haden, Ordonez, Filipino, and La Paz), both terpenes (cv. Delicia), terpinolene (cvs. Obispo, Corazon, and Huevo de toro), and alpha-phellandrene (cv. Minin). Other qualitative and quantitative differences among the cultivars could be demonstrated.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Paulo Espíndola Trani
2008-01-01
Full Text Available O custo elevado das sementes (bulbilhos de alho nobre e a vernalização podem aumentar a produtividade da cultura, mas dificultam seu cultivo por pequenos produtores, responsáveis pela maior parte da produção no Brasil. Assim, estudos de seleção de sementes de menor custo como os alhos comuns, feitos regionalmente, e de comparação com alho vernalizado quanto à produtividade, são fundamentais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a avaliação da produtividade de quatro cultivares de alho comum não vernalizado (Assaí, Gigante de Curitibanos, Santa Catarina Branco e Santa Catarina Roxo, em comparação com alho chinês vernalizado Jonas (armazenamento dos bulbos a 4 ºC por 40 dias. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. O experimento foi realizado em área experimental da APTA-UPD de Tietê (SP, de março a setembro de 2005. A variedade mais produtiva foi Jonas, sem diferir de Santa Catarina Roxo, Santa Catarina Branco e Assaí 3702, com 8,4; 7,6; 7,4 e 6,9 t ha-1 respectivamente e também com as maiores massas médias de bulbos (30,5; 27,0; 26,3 e 24,6g respectivamente. Quanto ao diâmetro do bulbo, os alhos comuns, exceto Gigante de Curitibanos, produziram bulbos tamanho 4 (36-45 mm. Para produtividade e massa do bulbo, a cultivar Gigante de Curitibanos foi inferior a Jonas.The high cost of garlic seed and the refrigeration process may increase yield, but it is a barrier for small farmers who are responsible for the large Brazilian production. Therefore, research seeking low cost garlic seed, regionally made, and competition studies for yield between refrigerated and no refrigerated cultivars are fundamental. This work aimed to evaluate yield and bulb quality of four no refrigerated garlic varieties (Assaí 3702, Gigante de Curitibanos, Santa Catarina Branco and Santa Catarina Roxo and the refrigerated type Jonas (storage at 4º C for 40 days. The field trial was carried out during March
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
MAURILO MONTEIRO TERRA
2001-08-01
Full Text Available Estimou-se o potencial de produção de uvas das cultivares copa Concord, Isabel e Seibel 2, recomendadas para produção de suco, enxertadas sobre os porta-enxertos IAC 313 'Tropical', 'IAC 571-6', IAC 572 'Jales', e IAC 766 'Campinas', num experimento conduzido, durante seis anos, na Estação Experimental de Mococa (21º28'S, 47º01'W do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas. Para a variedade Concord, as maiores produções médias foram obtidas quando se utilizaram os porta-enxertos 'IAC 313', 'IAC 571-6' e 'IAC 572', totalizando 3,86kg/planta, 3,81kg/planta e 3,65kg/planta, respectivamente; para 'Isabel', quando se empregaram os porta-enxertos 'IAC 572', 'IAC 571-6' e 'IAC 313', somando 3,85kg/planta, 3,63kg/planta e 3,26kg/planta; para o cv. Seibel 2, quando se fez uso dos porta-enxertos 'IAC 313', 'IAC 572' e 'IAC 571-6', auferiram-se 2,61kg/planta, 2,40kg/planta e 2,10kg/planta; por outro lado, para as três variedades, o porta-enxerto de pior performance foi o 'IAC 766'. Quanto ao vigor, representado pela massa dos ramos podados ao longo dos anos, os melhores porta-enxertos para 'Concord' foram 'IAC 572' e 'IAC 313'; para 'Isabel': 'IAC 766' e 'IAC 313'; e para 'Seibel 2': 'IAC 766' e 'IAC 572'.The yield potential of juice grape cultivars, namely Concord, Isabel and Seibel 2, grafted on 'IAC 313', 'IAC 571-6', 'IAC 572' and 'IAC 766' rootstocks was studied in an experiment conducted for six years at Mococa Experimental Station (21º28'S, 47º01'W. Regarding Concord cultivar, the greatest mean yields were achieved when grafted on 'IAC 313', 'IAC 571-6' and 'IAC 572'rootstocks, respectively 3.86kg/plant, 3.81 kg/plant and 3.65 kg/plant. 'Isabel' gave the largest grape productions when grafted on 'IAC 572' (3.85kg/plant, 'IAC 571-6' (3.63kg/plant and 'IAC 313' (3.26kg/plant. The best grape yields of 'Seibel-2' were obtained when it was grafted on 'IAC 313', 'IAC 572' and 'IAC 571-6', being respectively 2.61kg/plant, 2.40 kg/plant and 2.10 kg
Farmers\\' Perception Of Improved And Local Cassava Cultivars In ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Quantity of the byproduct of cassava, taste of byproduct, maturity time and disease resistance significantly contributed to farmers' perception of the cassava cultivars. Apart from good agronomic characteristics of disease resistance and early maturity, farmers' perception of cultivars is also tied to food value issues, field ...
Measurement of lipid transfer protein in 88 apple cultivars
Sancho, Ana I.; van Ree, Ronald; van Leeuwen, Astrid; Meulenbroek, Bert J.; van de Weg, Eric W.; Gilissen, Luud J. W. J.; Puehringer, Helene; Laimer, Margit; Martinelli, Alessio; Zaccharini, Marzio; Vazquez-Cortes, Sonia; Fernandez-Rivas, Montserrat; Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin; Mills, E. N. Clare; Zuidmeer, Laurian
2008-01-01
Background: Fruits are a major cause of food allergy in adults. Lipid transfer proteins (LTP) are implicated in severe allergic reactions to fruits, but little is known about LTP content in different cultivars. Objective: Determination of the levels of LTP in a wide range of apple cultivars.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
M. H. Fallah Heki
2012-08-01
Full Text Available In order to study the physiological and morphological characteristics of canola cultivars at different planting dates, an experiment was carried out in 2008-2009 at the Agriculture Research Station of Yasouj. A factorial with Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications was conducted. Four planting dates (September 12, September 22, October 2 and October 12 and four cultivars (Zarfam, Okapi, Elite and SLM-046 were used in this study. Results showed that cultivars and planting dates had significant effects on more characteristics. In addition, interaction of planting date and cultivar was significant on plant height, height to lowest silique, number of branches, growth indices and grain yield. Zarfam and Elite cultivars had lower initial fluorescence (Fo and higher maximum fluorescence (Fm and photochemical capacity of photosystem II (Fv/Fm than Okapi and SLM-046 cultivars. Elite cultivar at September 12 planting date had the highest plant height (173 cm and height to lowest silique (87.5 cm and Okapi cultivar at October 12 planting date showed the lowest plant height (91 cm and height to lowest silique (43.7 cm. At September 12 planting date, Elite cultivar had the greatest leaf area index (5.21 and grain yield (5231 kg/ha. At other planting dates, Zarfam cultivar because of priority in leaf area index, crop growth rate and total dry matter have the greatest grain yield than other cultivars. In general, seems at September 12 planting date, Elite cultivar and for delayed sowing, Zarfam cultivar had better reaction than other cultivars.
Amino Acid Composition of Grape Cultivars ( Vitis Spp.) in Japan
Shiraishi, Shin-ichi; 白石, 眞一
1991-01-01
The concentration of free amino acids and other chemical constituents in 75 grape cultivars at maturity were examined. The amino acid concentrations were found to be in decreasing order of arginine, proline, threonine and alanine in Vitis vinifera cultivars and alanine, arginine, threonine and proline in Vitis labmsca cultivars. The concentration of total amino acid was 5,083 ,umol in ‘Campbell Early’ and 3,391 pmol in ‘Yates’, both Vitis labrusca and table grapes. The amounts of total amino ...
PROPAGATION OF NEW BLACKBERRY CULTIVARS FOR PRODUCING CERTIFIED PROPAGATION MATERIAL
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Valentina Isac
2014-12-01
Full Text Available The purpose of this research was to study the behaviour of two new Romanian thorn blackberry cultivars DAR 24 and DAR 8 in process of micropropagation, compared with Darrow cultivar usually commercially micropropagated in our laboratory. Due to several drawbacks of the conventional propagation of Rubus, the efficiency of micropropagation was tested in order to obtain high quality planting material and to introduce rapidly these new cultivars in a certification program. Thorn blackberry cultivars DAR 8 and DAR 24 with resistance to winter colds was successfully micropropagated. Blackberry plants were found without virus infection after biological and ELISA tests. Axillary buds from the branches in full growth were used as the initial explants. After four weeks of growth, aseptic cultures was established on MS basal mineral salts, LS vitamins with 0.3 mg/l BAP, 0.1mg/l GA3 and 0.001mg/l NAA. The rate of successfully established cultures was on average 65.11%. Good proliferation of the regenerated shoots was obtained on the same medium composition used for initiation phase, whereas medium MS with mineral salts reduced to ½ and LS vitamins with 0.1 mg/l IBA and 0.1 mg/l GA3 was used in the rooting phase. Dar 24 and Dar 8 cultivars responded by good rates of micropropagation on medium culture B as compared to control Darrow cultivar, even if the obtained shoots length was lower than on medium A. The statistical analysis reveled that the highest MR (20.66 plantlets/explant was obtained for Dar 24. In this case the length of shoots was 1.92 cm. The highest rooting percentages (over 85% were obtained with shoots multiplied on medium B. High quality of rooted plants induced a high percentage of acclimatization of cultivar Dar 8, 86.36% under mist system in green house whereas the percentage of acclimatization of cultivar Dar 24 was lower, 51.85%.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Rajput, A.; Memon, M.; Memon, K.S.; Tunio, S.; Sial, T.A.
2017-01-01
Major area under banana cultivation in Pakistan consists of a single cultivar D warf Cavendish c alled B asrai . Quality of banana relies on the available nutrients in soil. Under poor fertility and organic matter scenario coupled with high requirement of banana, this study evaluated the combined effect of organic (farm manure and composted pressmud) and inorganic (NPK) sources of nutrients on nutrient composition of locally grown banana. Application of full NPK (500-250-500 kg ha-1) increased the fruit P (0.08-0.12%), K (0.77-1.50%) and Zn (1.74-2.17 mg kg-1) over full N and the respective values further increased to 0.14 and 0.22%, 2.28 and 1.79% and 2.42 and 2.21% with farm manure and composted pressmud additions. Moreover, there was a non-significant increase in N and significant one in Cu and Fe. There was no additional benefit of 1.25 NP. In fact, the higher rates i.e. full NPK and 1.25 NP reduced the micronutrient contents of fruit due to dilution effect. However, the P requirement was same even with application of organic sources. The regression analysis of the yield data with fruit nutrients (N, P, K, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) showed a highly significant relationship with respective rv alues of 0.65, 0.66, 0.75, 0.48, 0.65, 0.71 and 0.73. The integrated use of mineral fertilizers and organic amendments resulted in enhanced banana fruit nutrients and highlights the advantage of conjunctive use over their separate applications. (author)
Field performance of maize (Zea mays L. cultivars under drought stress
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kazem GHASSEMI-GOLEZANI
2018-04-01
Full Text Available This research was carried out in 2014 at the Research Farm of the University of Tabriz, Iran. The experiment was arranged as split plot on the basis of randomized complete block with three replicates to assess the effects of four irrigation intervals (irrigations after 60, 80, 100 and 120 mm evaporation on physiological and agronomical traits of three cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.; ‘SC704’, ‘NS640’, ‘DC303’: late, mid and early maturing, respectively. Irrigation intervals and maize cultivars were assigned to the main and sub-plots, respectively. Leaf temperature of all maize cultivars significantly increased, but chlorophyll content index, maximum efficiency of photosystem II, number of grains per plant, 1000 grain mass, plant biomass, grain yield and harvest index significantly decreased with increasing irrigation intervals. Late maturing cultivar (‘SC704’ was superior in all studied traits, followed by mid (‘NS640’ and early (‘DC303’ maturing cultivars. It was concluded that water limitation can potentially reduce performance of maize cultivars in the field, but the extent of this reduction depends on genotype and severity of stress.
Chemical characteristics of grape juices from different cultivar and rootstock combinations
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rita de Cássia Mirela Resende Nassur
2014-07-01
Full Text Available The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different combinations of grape cultivars and rootstocks on chemical characteristics of grape juices. Six treatments were evaluated, consisting of combinations between the Isabel Precoce and BRS Cora grape cultivars and the 'IAC 766', 'IAC 313', and 'IAC 572' rootstocks. Approximately 10 L of juice were obtained per treatment. Analyses of color, total soluble solids content, pH, anthocyanins, total phenolics, total sugars, and quantification and identification of biogenic amines by HPLC were performed. Biogenic amines, such as putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, and spermine, were found in all evaluated cultivars. By principal component analysis (PCA, treatments can be divided into two groups, according to the cultivar. Juices obtained from 'Isabel Precoce' are characterized by higher levels of total sugar content and soluble solids; however, juices from 'BRS Cora' are positively correlated with phenolic content, anthocyanins, and color and acidity parameters. The differences found by PCA for juices from the Isabel Precoce and BRS Cora cultivars indicate that, regardless of the rootstock used, the most important factor in the chemical characterization of juices is the grape cultivar.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WHEAT CULTIVARS IN GRAIN PARAMETERS RELATED TO ETHANOL PRODUCTION
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Daniela Mikulíková
2011-12-01
Full Text Available Wheat grain samples from sixteen winter cultivars originated from four localities were evaluated and compared in traits related to ethanol production as grain yield, grain hardness, content of protein, starch and amylose, and α-amylase activity. Results obtained indicate significant differences between cultivars in amylose content, α-amylase activity, and grain hardness compared to grain yield, protein content, and starch content where differences were not significant. The amylose content, α-amylase activity, and grain hardness were affected by cultivar. Both testing methods for starch fermentation - separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF revealed difference between cultivars in ethanol yield.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Salatiér Buzetti
2011-04-01
Full Text Available
A aplicação de reguladores vegetais, com a finalidade de aumentar a produtividade das culturas, tem merecido, nos últimos anos, grande atenção de pesquisadores. No entanto, alguns resultados têm se mostrado contraditórios. Em face disto, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos da aplicação de regulador vegetal sobre os componentes da produção e a produtividade de grãos de duas cultivares de feijão de inverno, em condições de Cerrado. O experimento foi realizado no outono-inverno de 2007, na Fazenda Experimental da Unesp, Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria (MS. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, no esquema em faixas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se da combinação de cinco doses do regulador vegetal (0 L ha-1; 0,5 L ha-1; 1,0 L ha-1; 1,5 L ha-1; e 2,0 L ha-1, que é composto por três hormônios vegetais (cinetina, ácido giberélico e ácido indolbutírico, em duas épocas de aplicação: no estádio vegetativo (V4 e reprodutivo (R5. Características vegetativas como altura das plantas de feijão, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, número de grãos por vagem e massa de 100 grãos não foram afetadas pela aplicação do produto. No entanto, sua aplicação no estádio reprodutivo (R5 aumentou o número de grãos por planta e a produtividade de grãos das cultivares de feijoeiro Carioca Precoce e IAC Apuã. Para este aumento, a melhor dose foi 2 L ha-1 do regulador vegetal.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Phaseolus vulgaris; componentes da produção; época de aplicação.
Genetic identification and characterization of Armenian grapevine cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nebish Anna
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Armenia is an important area of crop origins including grapes. The objectives of this study were the molecular characterization of 38 Armenian grape genotypes and the detection of the genetic relationships between the accessions. In total, 164 alleles were obtained at 18 SSRs loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 15 with a mean number of 9.17 alleles per locus. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.514 (VVIN73 to 0.90 (VVS2 and the observed heterozygosity from 0.417 (VVIV37 to 0.947 (VVMD7 and VMC1B11. In our research the highest values of polymorphic information content (PIC were obtained using markers VVS2, VRZAG62 and VRZAG79, while the least informative ones were VVIN73 and VVIB01. A high level of gene diversity was observed between ancient and new bred cultivars. Higher values were recorded for the new grape varieties, (He = 0.792 and lower values for ancient cultivars (He = 0.739. The mean number of alleles (MNA for all loci per population ranged from 7.39 in ancient to 8,00 in new crosses. A clear separation was observed for the groups of ancient aboriginal cultivars, Vitis vinifera L.xVitis vinifera L. and Vitis vinifera L. x Vitis amurensis Rupr .crosses, which were bred in Armenia and seedless cultivars. Very close relationships with high similarity were determined for 5 pairs of cultivars. Two cases of possible homonymy were also detected. Our results are the basis for future MAS selection and target breeding.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ítalo Herbert Lucena Cavalcante
2009-12-01
="font-size: small;">sódio, macro e micronutrientes, nas folhas das plantas e na exportação dos respectivos nutrientes, com a colheita dos frutos do mamoeiro em todas as doses de insumos aplicados ao solo. As plantas, no início da floração, estavam com teores adequados de nitrogênio, potássio, enxofre, boro, cobre e zinco e deficientes em fósforo, cálcio, magnésio, ferro e manganês. O potássio (dentre os macronutrientes e o ferro (dentre os micronutrientes foram os mais exportados, com a colheita dos frutos.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Carica papaya L.; biofertilizante; composição mineral.
Papaya tree is a crop with expressive economic importance in Brazil, where it has been traditionally cultivated with mineral soil fertilizing, although, for the last two decades, the world market has required lower levels of synthetic products use for food production and higher levels of the natural ones. In this way, one experiment was carried out in Remígio, Paraíba State, Brazil, to evaluate the leaf nutrient status, at the beginning of the blooming stage, and the exportation of sodium, macro, and micronutrients of the “Baixinho de Santa Amália” papaya cultivar. A complete randomized blocks experimental design was used in a
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Patricia N. Bordallo
2004-06-01
Full Text Available Synthetic seeds can be an alternative for those species in which botanical seeds are not viable. One of the major problems of in vitro plant cultivation is the high level of somaclonal variation. The most common factors affecting somaclonal variation are genotype, explant source, in vitro period and cultivation conditions in which the culture is established. In this work, calli were induced using leaf and stem explants of the commercial potato cultivars Achat, Baraka, Baronesa, Bintje, and Contenda in MS culture media supplemented with 1.65 mM of picloram and 11.5 mM of 2,4-D. Seventy and 90 days after induction, DNA samples of 40 calli were compared concerning the effects of the two explant (leaf and stem and two growth regulator sources on five potatoes cultivars. A total of 20 arbitrary sequence primers were evaluated. The RAPD pattern generated by these primers suggested a high percentage of polymorphic fragments among the five genotypes, indicating a high level of genetic variation among cultivars. Cultivar Baronesa showed the highest number of polymorphic fragments for all treatments. The cultivar Contenda showed the smallest somaclonal variation, for most of the treatments, except for the treatment which consisted of stem explants, picloram (1.65 mM application, and a 70-day period of callus formation. 'Contenda' is, therefore, the most suitable cultivar for synthetic seed production.A produção de sementes sintéticas pode ser uma altenativa para culturas, cuja produção de sementes botânicas não é viável. Um dos principais problemas do cultivo de planta in vitro é o alto nível de variação somaclonal resultante. Os fatores mais comuns que afetam a variação somaclonal são genótipo, fonte de explante e duração e condições de cultivo. Neste trabalho, calos foram induzidos utilizando explantes de folha e caule das cultivares comerciais de batata Achat, Baraka, Baronesa, Bintje e Contenda em meio de cultura MS, suplementado
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Paulo Renato Z. Santos
2001-03-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito de cultivar, da adubação NPK e da interação desses fatores na produção de tomate salada tutorado. O experimento foi conduzido em Pelotas (RS no ano agrícola 1995/96. Foram utilizadas cinco cultivares (Flora-Dade, Max, Empire, Pacific e Diva e três níveis (2,0, 3,5 e 5,0 t/ha de adubação NPK (3,6-7,2-10. Os tratamentos foram dispostos sob esquema fatorial em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. As cultivares Empire e Pacific apresentaram frutos com maior peso médio do que Flora-Dade, Max e Diva. O número de frutos por planta aumentou com a elevação do nível de adubação de 2,0 para 3,5 t/ha, enquanto que o peso médio de frutos diminuiu, sem alterar a produção. As cultivares apresentaram respostas diferenciais aos níveis de adubação, em relação ao peso médio de frutos.The objective of this work was to study the effect of cultivar, NPK fertilization and the interaction on yield components of fresh market tomatoes. The experiment was carried out in Pelotas, Brazil, in 1995/96 season. Five cultivars (Flora-Dade, Max, Empire, Pacific and Diva and three fertilization levels (2.0, 3.5 and 5.0 t/ha of NPK (3.6-7.2-10 were used. The treatments were displayed under a factorial scheme, in a randomized complete block design, with three repetitions. Empire and Pacific cultivars showed higher average fruit weight than Flora-Dade, Max and Diva. The number of fruits per plant increased with the elevation of fertilization levels from 2.0 to 3.5 t/ha, while the average fruit weight diminished, without changing yield. The cultivars showed differential response to fertilization levels, in relation to average fruit weight.
Guo, Jing-Jie; Tan, Xiao; Fu, Hui-Ling; Chen, Jing-Xin; Lin, Xiao-Xia; Ma, Yuan; Yang, Zhong-Yi
2018-02-28
Two pot experiments were conducted to compare and verify Cd accumulation capacities of different cultivars under Cd exposures (0.215, 0.543, and 0.925 mg kg -1 in Exp-1 and 0.143, 0.619, and 1.407 mg kg -1 in Exp-2) and Cd subcellular distributions between low- and high-Cd cultivars. Shoot Cd concentrations between the selected low- and high-Cd cultivars were 1.4-fold different and the results were reproducible. The proportions of Cd-in-cell-wall of shoots and roots were all higher in a typical low-Cd cultivar (DX102) than in a typical high-Cd cultivar (HJK), while those of Cd-in-chloroplast or Cd-in-trophoplast and Cd-in-membrane-and-organelle were opposite. The proportions of Cd-in-vacuoles-and-cytoplasm of roots in DX102 were always higher than in HJK under Cd stresses, while there was no clear pattern in those of shoots. These findings may help to reduce health risk of Cd from Chinese kale consumption and explained biochemical mechanisms of cultivar-dependent Cd accumulation among the species.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Tiago Aranda Catuchi
2011-03-01
Full Text Available The main goal of the study was to evaluate the effects on the development and physiological aspects of soybean plants grown under water deficiency at greenhouse conditions, comparing the levels of tolerance to water deficiency between one transgenic and one conventional cultivar, enabling a systematic way to carried out physiological comparisons between soybean cultivars under drought. The study was divided into completely randomized using a factorial 2×2 design, with five replicates. The experimental design included two replenishment levels of daily irrigation (100% and 40%, applied to the leaves during the V4 developmental stage (fourth trifoliate fully expanded and two cultivars, 'CD 202' conventional and 'CD 226RR' transgenic. The results showed that both cultivars had similar effects, caused by water deficiency, on dry mass production, but the transgenic cultivar tended to maintain higher biomass allocation in pods, as well as, higher efficiency of leaves to support dry mass production than conventional cultivar in both water conditions. Moreover, the higher maximum CO2 assimilation values and lower membranes damages in the transgenic cultivar under water deficiency showed that the expected higher drought tolerance of the conventional cultivar was not supported by a more accurate physiological investigation.O principal objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos sobre o desenvolvimento e aspectos fisiológicos de plantas de soja cultivadas sob deficiência hídrica em condições de casa de vegetação, comparando os níveis de tolerância à deficiência de água entre um cultivar transgênico e um convencional, gerando uma forma sistemática de realizar comparações fisiológicas entre cultivares de soja sob déficit hídrico. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2×2, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos hídricos foram dois níveis de reposição de irrigação diária (100% e 40%, aplicados a
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maria Luiza Freitas Konrad
2005-01-01
Full Text Available Em experimento desenvolvido em casa de vegetação e em câmara de crescimento avaliou-se o efeito do alumínio (Al na fotossíntese de seis cultivares de cafeeiro. As plantas foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva aerada continuamente, contendo duas concentrações de Al, 0 e 0,148 mmol L-1, fornecidas como Al2(SO43. Após 97 dias mediram-se as taxas de assimilação de CO2 (A e transpiração (E, a condutância estomática (gs, a concentração interna de CO2 (Ci, eficiência instantânea de carboxilação (fic e variáveis de fluorescência da clorofila. Em todas as cultivares, a presença de Al causou quedas significantes em A, gs, fic, ocorrendo aumento em Ci. Também se observou aumento significativo na fluorescência basal (Fo e queda na eficiência quântica máxima do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm, sugerindo injúrias na estrutura dos tilacóides causadas pelo Al. Na curva de indução de fotossíntese, observou-se que o Al causou queda no coeficiente de extinção fotoquímica da fluorescência e aumento no coeficiente de extinção não fotoquímico. Os resultados desse estudo indicaram que a queda de A foi devida à queda da condutância estomática, nas atividades bioquímicas e fotoquímicas.Experiments were carried out under greenhouse and growth chamber to evaluate the effects of aluminum (Al on several photosynthetic characteristics in six coffee cultivars. Plants were grown in nutrient solution aerated continuously, containing two Al concentration, 0 and 0.148 mmol L-1, supplied as Al2(SO43. After 97 days of treatament, measurements of CO2 assimilation rate (A, transpiration rate (E, stomatal conductance (gs, internal CO2 concentration (Ci, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (phic and chlorophyll fluorescence related characteristics were performed. All six cultivars showed decrease in A, gs and phic and increase in Ci. The basal chlorophyll fluorescence yield (Fo increased and the maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm decreased
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dwinardi Apriyanto, Edi Gunawan, dan Tri Sunardi .
2011-11-01
Full Text Available Resistance of some groundnut cultivars to soybean pod borer, Etiella zinckenella Treit. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae. Five groundnut cultivars: Badak, Panther, Sima, Gajah, and Simpai, were grown in field in June-August, 2006 to determine their resistance/susceptibility to Etiella zinckenella Treit. Two local cultivars (big and small seeds were included as comparison (controls. All cultivars were grown in experimental plots arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD, replicated three times. The incidence of soybean pod borer and damaged pods were observed at 9, 11, 13 weeks after sowing (WAS at 10 sample plants taken randomly from each plot. All cultivars were harvested at 13 WAS. Number of damaged pods was counted and percentages per plant were calculated. Larvae observed inside pod or in the soil were counted and collected. The seed yield per plant and weight of 100 seeds from 100 sample plants taken randomly at harvest were weighted to nearest gram at 10% water content. Pod toughness (hardness was measured with penetrometer. Resistance level of each cultivar was determined based on cultivar’s means and overall mean and standard deviation of the percentages of damaged pods. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA and means were separated with DMRT. The result revealed that mean percentages of damaged pod differed significantly between cultivars. Seed yield of cultivar Panther, Sima and Badak were significantly higher than those of the other two and local cultivars. Cultivar Panther was categorized as resistant, cultivar Sima and Badak as moderately resistant, while the others as susceptible. The relative resistance of groundnut cultivar seems, at least in part, to correlate with the structural hardness of pod.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Renato C. Vilas Boas
2012-07-01
Full Text Available Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito de diferentes tensões da água no solo sobre o desenvolvimento e produção de duas cultivares de cebola irrigadas por gotejamento. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do DAG/UFLA, no período de junho a outubro de 2008; o delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 6, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos se constituíram de duas cultivares de cebola, cultivar híbrida Optima F1 e cultivar não híbrida Alfa Tropical, além de seis tensões da água no solo, 15, 25, 35, 45, 60 e 75 kPa. Concluiu-se que o híbrido Optima F1 apresentou melhores respostas com relação às seguintes características analisadas: produtividade total de bulbos, produtividade de bulbos comerciais e massa média de bulbos comerciais. A altura da planta e o diâmetro do colo apresentaram respostas lineares decrescentes, sempre que se aumentaram as tensões da água no solo, para ambas as cultivares. Referidas cultivares devem ser irrigadas no momento em que a tensão da água no solo estiver em torno de 15 kPa, na profundidade de 0,15 m, para obtenção de plantas mais altas, maiores produtividades de bulbos (total e comercial e maior massa média de bulbos comerciais.This work aimed to assess the effect of different water tensions in soil over the development and production of two onion cultivars irrigated by drip system. The experiment was carried in the experimental area of the DAG/UFLA, from June to October 2008. The experimental was conducted in randomized block design in 2 x 6 factorial scheme, with four repetitions. The treatments were two onion cultivars, the hybrid Optima F1 and the non hybrid Alfa Tropical and six soil water tensions, i.e., 15, 25, 35, 45, 60 and 75 kPa. It was verified that the hybrid Optima F1 presented the best responses regarding the following analyzed characteristics: total bulb yield, commercial bulb yield and average mass of
Análise do pólen em dezoito cultivares de macieira Pollen analysis of eighteen apple cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fernando Antonio Campo Dall'Orto
1985-01-01
Full Text Available Como subsídio essencial ao projeto de melhoramento genético da macieira (Malus spp. por hibridação e ao conhecimento da polinização natural nas condições do Estado de São Paulo, efetuaram-se estudos sobre a quantidade e a viabilidade do pólen existente em dezoito cultivares de maior interesse no momento. Constatou-se que, entre os cultivares mais utilizados nos cruzamentos, Anna, Brasil, Dulcina, Ein Shemer, Gala, Rainha e Valinhense, juntamente com as novas seleções - IAC 170-1 e IAC 570-38 - foram os que se apresentaram mais ricos de pólen, com número superior a 50.000 grãos por flor. Quanto à viabilidade polínica desse material estudado, a germinação situou-se em níveis bastante satisfatórios - quase sempre maior que 50% - mesmo quando se armazenou o pólen por um período de 70 dias, em ambiente frio (-1ºC em dessecadores.Aiming to find out variations in pollen quantity and viability in eighteen apple cultivars, analysis of "in vitro" germination was performed to contribute - as a parameter for genetic breeding by hybridization and as a pollination basis. The apple cultivars or selections recommended for commercial planting, at the mild climate conditions prevailing in the State of São Paulo, Brasil, and most utilized in crosses, are nowadays the following: Anna, Brasil, Dulcina, Ein Shemer, Gala, Rainha, Valinhense, IAC 170-1 and IAC 570-38. These cultivars presented more than 50 thousand pollen grains per one flower. The germination index observed (also an indicator of pollen viability was higher than 50 percent in great number of materials, indicating that the pollen of the apple plant, well prepared, can be stored in a cold and dry environment (a desiccator at -1ºC during a period of about 70 days.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Beatriz Marti Emygdio
2003-10-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a diversidade genética dentro e entre cultivares locais e comerciais de feijão, por meio de marcadores RAPD, e avaliar a capacidade destes em agrupar genótipos de feijão de acordo com o centro de domesticação e coloração de semente. Foram avaliadas 35 cultivares, 13 comerciais e 22 locais, de diversas regiões do Rio Grande do Sul. As distâncias genéticas foram obtidas pelo complemento do coeficiente de similaridade de Sorensen-Dice e a representação simplificada destas distâncias realizada mediante um dendrograma. Marcadores RAPD foram eficientes ao agrupar cultivares de acordo com o centro de domesticação, mas não foram capazes de separar as cultivares de acordo com a coloração da semente. Cultivares locais e comerciais, mesoamericanas, foram agrupadas separadamente. Cultivares comerciais, em cultivo no Rio Grande do Sul apresentam alto grau de similaridade.The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic diversity within and among cultivars and landraces of common bean from RAPD markers analysis, and to evaluate the capacity of this markers in clustering common bean genotypes according to domestication centers and seed color. Thirty five common bean genotypes including 13 commercial cultivars and 22 landraces, from State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were evaluated. Genetic distances were calculated using Sorensen-Dice's similarity coefficient, displayed in a dendrogram. RAPD markers were efficient in separating cultivars and landraces according to domestication centers, but not according to seed color. Mesoamerican commercial cultivars and landraces have been clustered in different groups. A high degree of similarity was observed among cultivars in use in Rio Grande do Sul.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Solange Inês Mussatto
2005-05-01
Full Text Available Xylitol was produced by Candida guilliermondii from charcoal-treated and untreated rice straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate with or without nutrients (ammonium sulphate, calcium chloride, rice bran extract. Both, xylitol yield and volumetric productivity decreased significantly when the nutrients were added to treated and untreated hydrolysates. In the treated hydrolysate, the efficiency of xylose conversion to xylitol was 79% when the nutrients were omitted. The results demonstrated that rice straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate treated with activated charcoal was a cheap source of xylose and other nutrients for xylitol production by C. guilliermondii. The non-necessity of adding nutrients to the hydrolysate media would be very advantageous since the process becomes less costly.Este trabalho avaliou a produção de xilitol pela levedura Candida guilliermondii, a partir de hidrolisado hemicelulósico de palha de arroz não tratado e tratado com carvão ativo, ambos suplementados ou não com nutrientes (sulfato de amônio, cloreto de cálcio e extrato de farelo de arroz. Os resultados mostraram que tanto o rendimento como a produtividade volumétrica em xilitol diminuíram quando os nutrientes foram adicionados em ambos hidrolisados, tratado e não tratado. Em hidrolisado tratado, a eficiência de conversão de xilose em xilitol foi de 79% quando em ausência de nutrientes. Estes resultados mostram que o hidrolisado hemicelulósico de palha de arroz tratado com carvão ativo é uma fonte barata de xilose e outros nutrientes, para a produção de xilitol por Candida guilliermondii. A não necessidade de adicionar nutrientes ao meio a base de hidrolisado é muito vantajosa, uma vez que o processo se torna mais econômico.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alessandro Dal Col Lúcio
1998-06-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar ensaios de competição de cultivares de milho, trigo, soja, feijão, cevada, aveia, triticale e sorgo conduzidos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e estimar a relação entre a diferença mínima significativa (DMS e o coeficiente de variação (CV. Foram utilizadas as principais características estatísticas de 2014 ensaios: delineamento experimental, número de cultivares, número de repetições, número de graus de liberdade do erro, CV e a DMS obtida pelo método de Tukey em porcentagem da média dos ensaios. A estimativa da equação de regressão entre a DMS e o CV (variável independente, passando pela origem, resultou numa relação média de DMS = 2,72xCV, variando entre 2,47 (cevada e 3,05 (sorgo. Esta variação nas relações indicam que existe diferenças nos planos experimentais tradicionais usados pelos pesquisadores. A DMS é uma estatística adequada para o controle de qualidade dos ensaios de competição de cultivares. Ela é facilmente obtido a partir do CV e reflete, em termos do valor comercial da produção, a importância da sua magnitude.The objetive of this work was to study competition trials of maize, wheat, soybeans, drybeans, barley, oats, triticale and sorghum conducted in Rio Grande do Sul State and estimate relations between least significant difference and coefficient of variation. Statistics characteristics of 2014 trials were used, such as: experimental design, number of cultivars, replications, error degrees of freedom, coeffïcient of variation (CV and least significant difference (LSD obtained from Tukey's test by the porcentage of the experiment mean. The regression equation passing through the origin obtained between LSD and CV as the independent variable resulted in LSD = 2.72xCV, with the angular coeffïcient ranging from 2.47 (barley to 3.05 (sorghum. These difference indicate that there are deviations of the traditional experimental layouts used by field crop
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alfredo do Nascimento Junior
2014-10-01
Full Text Available The rye cultivar BRS Progresso, developed by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa, is the result of a synthetic cross of 18 open-pollinated, self-incompatible lines, resistant to stem rust.
Ahmad, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel; Ashraf, Muhammad; Hussain, Mumtaz
2011-01-30
The phytotoxic effects of varying levels of nickel (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg L(-1)) on growth, yield and accumulation of macro- and micro-nutrients in leaves and achenes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were appraised in this study. A marked reduction in root and shoot fresh biomass was recorded at higher Ni levels. Nickel stress also caused a substantial decrease in all macro- and micro-nutrients in leaves and achenes. The lower level of Ni (10 mg L(-1)) had a non-significant effect on various yield attributes, but higher Ni levels considerably decreased these parameters. Higher Ni levels decreased the concentrations of Ca, Mn and Fe in achenes. In contrast, achene N, K, Zn, Mn and Cu decreased consistently with increasing level of Ni, even at lower level (10 mg L(-1)). Sunflower hybrid Hysun-33 had better yield and higher most of the nutrients in achenes as compared with SF-187. The maximum reduction in all parameters was observed at the maximum level of nickel (40 mg L(-1)) where almost all parameters were reduced more than 50% of those of control plants. In conclusion, the pattern of uptake and accumulation of different nutrients in sunflower plants were nutrient- and cultivar-specific under Ni-stress. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Biological responses of two soybean cultivars exposed to enhanced UVB radiation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
D'Surney, S.J.; Tschaplinski, T.J.; Edwards, N.T.; Shugart, L.R.
1993-01-01
A UVB exposure and monitoring system has been established at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Global Climate Change Research Facility. The system consists of a power supply, and data acquisition and exposure equipment to accomplish controlled, elevated exposure of terrestrial plants to UVB. Plant biomass, selected compounds that absorb UV radiation, and DNA integrity/damage were measured for two soybean cultivars [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Forrest and Essex exposed to elevated UVB (32% above ambient) in this system. The biomass of each major plant organ was observed to be less in soybean cultivar Forrest upon exposure to enhanced UVB with the greatest response in seed pods and stems. In contrast, soybean cultivar Essex showed no biomass response to elevated UVB. Enhanced UVB caused significant (P < 0.1) changes in concentrations of UV-absorbing compounds in both soybean cultivars. The Essex cultivar had an increase in UV-absorbing compounds, whereas a decline was observed for soybean Forrest. There was a decrease in the integrity of DNA, as measured by strand breaks, from both cultivars at 30 and 52 days to exposure. DNA pyrimidine dimers in isolated plant DNA were measured with Micrococcus luteus UV endonuclease. DNA from soybean Forrest exposed to UVB and sampled at 30 and 52 days of exposure had significantly greater (P<0.05) pyrimidine dimer concentration (dimer frequency ≈ 1 dimer per 28,000 DNA bases) than either cultivar exposed to UV treatment for 1 day or Essex at days 30–52 (dimer frequencies < /1 per 120,000 bases of DNA). Decrease in DNA integrity and biomass production in Forrest under elevated UVB may be related to the inability to maintain high concentrations of UV-absorbing compounds in leaves. The tolerant cultivar Essex increased the concentration of UV-absorbing compounds while maintaining biomass production and DNA integrity under elevated UVB
Cellulosic ethanol: interactions between cultivar and enzyme loading in wheat straw processing
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Felby Claus
2010-11-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Variations in sugar yield due to genotypic qualities of feedstock are largely undescribed for pilot-scale ethanol processing. Our objectives were to compare glucose and xylose yield (conversion and total sugar yield from straw of five winter wheat cultivars at three enzyme loadings (2.5, 5 and 10 FPU g-1 dm pretreated straw and to compare particle size distribution of cultivars after pilot-scale hydrothermal pretreatment. Results Significant interactions between enzyme loading and cultivars show that breeding for cultivars with high sugar yields under modest enzyme loading could be warranted. At an enzyme loading of 5 FPU g-1 dm pretreated straw, a significant difference in sugar yields of 17% was found between the highest and lowest yielding cultivars. Sugar yield from separately hydrolyzed particle-size fractions of each cultivar showed that finer particles had 11% to 21% higher yields than coarse particles. The amount of coarse particles from the cultivar with lowest sugar yield was negatively correlated with sugar conversion. Conclusions We conclude that genetic differences in sugar yield and response to enzyme loading exist for wheat straw at pilot scale, depending on differences in removal of hemicellulose, accumulation of ash and particle-size distribution introduced by the pretreatment.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
E Arazmjoo
2018-05-01
Full Text Available Introduction Zinc (Zn and iron (Fe are essential mineral nutrients for plant and human growth, and dietary Zn and Fe deficiencies are a worldwide nutritional problem. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA of Zn and Fe are 15 mg and 10 mg per day for human, respectively. However, micronutrient deficiencies affect more than half of the world’s population, especially women and preschool children. Iron is one of the most important micronutrients, and approximately two billion people suffer from iron deficiency worldwide. Zinc deficiency is also considered to be quite common and affects newborn, children, pregnant women and elderly. Micronutrient malnutrition in human in developing countries is derived from deficiencies of these elements in staple food. It is believed that increasing the micronutrient concentrations in these crops could increase the dietary intake of these elements in these regions significantly. More than 80% of arable soils in Iran are zinc-deficient with an average yield depression of around 50%. It is, therefore, highly important to develop cost-effective and quick solutions to the Zn and Fe deficiency problem. Materials and Methods In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of zinc and iron different forms on yield components, phonological and morphological traits and grain yield of some wheat cultivars in two locations with different physico-chemical soil properties, two experiments in factorial arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications conducted during 2015-16 cropping season. Experimental treatments were included: wheat cultivars Roshan, Roshan Back cross (old cultivars, Bam and Ofogh (new cultivars, zinc application in three levels of foliar application of water (control, zinc sulfate and chelated zinc and iron application in three levels of foliar application of water (control, iron sulfate and chelated iron (equivalent to 2.5 kg ha-1. The first experiment was conducted at the
Analysis of pecan cultivars Mahan and Western in East China.
Luo, X; Li, Z; Sun, Z; Wan, X
2016-09-16
Pecan (Carya illinoensis) has been introduced to East China for over one hundred years, but its planting is still only occurring at a small scale. The key limiting factor is its low yield. To enhance the yield pecan in East China, two pecan cultivars, Mahan and Western, were examined. Twenty traits describing phasic development, yield, nut quality, and cultural practice were investigated. We found that pecan cultivar Mahan gives a higher yield and nut quality than cultivar Western. We recommend interplanting of cultivar Pawnee to act as a pollinator tree. Appropriate cultivation practices that can be implemented to enhance fruit yield of cultivars Mahan and Western include soil-applied paclobutrazol (PBZ) at certain concentrations, pinching, and supplementary pollination. For example, the addition of 1.25 g/m 2 of PBZ inhibits pecan branch growth and stimulates short bearing branches, which promotes fruit yield. We found that soil-applied PBZ reached optimal performance 82 days after application. A pinching length of 40 cm resulted in a fruit yield increase. In addition, grafting and transplantation may promote male flowering, but delays female flowering. These cultural practices may provide insights that can be used to improve pecan cultivation in East China.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Geraldo M. de Resende
2003-12-01
Full Text Available Identificou-se cultivares de cebola mais produtivas através de um ensaio da EPAMIG em Lavras, de março a setembro de 1994. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e sete tratamentos, constituídos das cultivares Granex 33, Texas Grano 502, Crioula, Pira Ouro, Baia Periforme, Jubileu e Chata Roxa com parcelas de 3,84 m² de área útil. A produtividade de bulbos comerciais variou de 22,58 a 50,21 t/ha, destacando-se as cultivares Granex 33 (50,21 t/ha e Texas Grano 502 (44,36 t/ha que não mostraram diferença significativa entre si. Estas cultivares apresentaram incrementos na produtividade da ordem de 204,3 a 168,8% em relação à média nacional (16,5 t/ha. O mais baixo rendimento foi observado para a cultivar Chata Roxa com 22,58 t/ha. Observaram-se variações de 45,99 a 97,69 g/bulbo para peso médio de bulbo e 5,35 a 7,38 cm para o diâmetro transversal de bulbos.To identify onion cultivars of higher yield for the southern region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, a field trial from EPAMIG was conducted in Lavras, Brazil, from March to September 1994.The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replications and seven treatments: Granex 33, Texas Grano 502, Crioula, Pira Ouro, Baia Periforme, Jubileu and Chata Roxa. The harvesting area of each plot was 3.84 m². The yield of commercial bulbs varied from 22.58 to 50.21 t/ha, and the highest yield was achieved by the cultivars Granex (50.21 t/ha and Texas Grano 502 (44.36 t/ha with no significant difference between them. These cultivars exceeded the national average yield (16.5 t/ha from 204.3 to 168.8%. The lowest yield was shown by the cultivar Chata Roxa (22.58 t/ha. A variation occurred from 45.99 to 97.69 g/bulb and 5.35 to 7.39 cm for the bulb diameter.
Enhanced antioxidative responses of a salt-resistant wheat cultivar ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Enhanced antioxidative responses of a salt-resistant wheat cultivar facilitate its adaptation to salt stress. L Chen, H Yin, J Xu, X Liu. Abstract. Wheat cultivars capable of accumulating minerals under salt stress are of considerable interest for their potential to improve crop productivity and crop quality. This study addressed the ...
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Pauli, Fernando A. de; Silva, Helio F. da; Tasso Junior, Luiz Carlos; Marques, Diogo; Marques, Marcos O. [Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias], E-mail: fernando_abackerli@hotmail
2010-07-01
The energy generated from biomass of sugarcane is on the spotlight on the world stage. The straw remaining in the soil after harvest of sugarcane, brings several attributes that qualify as plant material to be used for power cogeneration. Thus, this study aimed to quantify the straw in early cultivars of sugarcane. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 6 treatments (cultivars) and three replications. At harvest, we counted the number of stems on the meter and the weight of stems was estimated agricultural productivity. After harvesting the cane was used a rectangle of 4.5 m2, which was placed randomly within each plot and all trash contained therein was weighed. From these results was estimated the number of people benefiting the energy from this trash. The SP80-1842 had the best performance, the highest amounts of trash (31.00 t ha-1), the largest index value of straw (28.33%) and more people benefit from the energy generated from the same (26.66x10-1) showing its greater suitability for cogeneration. Cultivars CTC9 and SP91-1049 presented the results less satisfactory. (author)
Physicochemical and functional properties of two cowpea cultivars grown in temperate Indian climate
Saima Hamid; Sabeera Muzzafar; Idrees Ahmed Wani; Farooq Ahmad Masoodi
2015-01-01
Flours of two local cowpea cultivars namely Red cowpea and Black cowpea were analysed for proximate composition, pasting and functional properties. The crude protein and fat contents were higher for Black cultivar than the Red cultivar. The apparent amylose content was significantly higher for Red cowpea (25.54%) than Black cowpea (15.09%). Polyphenols were significantly higher for Red cowpea than Black cowpea. The pasting profile of two cultivars revealed significantly higher values of peak ...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
T. Oskou
2016-06-01
Full Text Available Introduction: Rice (Oryza sativa L. is one of the world’s most important staple food crops. In Asia, it is the main item of the diet of 3.5 billion people. Rice stem borers are common insect pests in many rice growing countries. Striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker, belonging to Lepidoptera and family of Pyralidae is the most important rice pest in the Northern Iran. Stem borer larva damages rice stem and disturbs nutrient translocation from root to leaf. As the result, tillers in vegetative stage died, which is called dead heart. When larva infests generative stage, it causes empty panicle, which is called white head. Integrated pest management (IPM practices for controlling the stem borers in Iran have not been fully implemented because of limited control technologies which are available. Farmers often rely on heavily insecticide application, although many insecticide applications are not effective. Therefore, many physical and cultural practices have been suggested, including adjustment of planting time to escape the plant from heavy pest. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in deputy of rice research institute in Amol, Mazandaran, Iran, during 2011-2012. The experiment was arranged in split plot design with planting time as main plot and cultivar as subplot and was replicated three times. Three planting times tested were the first planting time i.e. 15 days before farmers’ planting time, the second planting time (simultaneously with farmers’ planting time, and the third planting time (15days after farmers’ planting time. Six rice cultivars tested, representing three types of rice cultivar, Tarom and Kohsar (early maturity cultivars, Shirodi and Fajr (medium maturity cultivars, Neda and Nemat (late maturity cultivar. Rice seedlings were transplanted at 25 cm planting distance in a 3 m x 9 m plot size. Weeding and fertilization were done as recommended. No insecticide was applied. Dead hearts and white heads were
CULTIVAR RELEASE - FAEM Carlasul: new white oat cultivar with high grain yield
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Antônio Costa de Oliveira
2012-01-01
Full Text Available The white oat cultivar FAEM Carlasul was developed at the Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, as a result of the cross between UFRGS 10 and 90SAT-28 (Coronado2/Cortez3/Pendek/ME 1563. It is characterized by high yield and grain quality.
Generation of Nutrients and Detoxification: Possible Roles of Yeasts in Leaf-Cutting Ant Nests
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fernando C. Pagnocca
2012-02-01
Full Text Available The possible roles played by yeasts in attine ant nests are mostly unknown. Here we present our investigations on the plant polysaccharide degradation profile of 82 yeasts isolated from fungus gardens of Atta and Acromyrmex species to demonstrate that yeasts found in ant nests may play the role of making nutrients readily available throughout the garden and detoxification of compounds that may be deleterious to the ants and their fungal cultivar. Among the yeasts screened, 65% exhibited cellulolytic enzymes, 44% exhibited pectinolytic activity while 27% and 17% possess enzyme systems for the degradation of protease and amylase, respectively. Galacturonic acid, which had been reported in previous work to be poorly assimilated by the ant fungus and also to have a negative effect on ants’ survival, was assimilated by 64% and 79% of yeasts isolated from nests of A. texana and Acromyrmex respectively. Our results suggest that yeasts found in ant nests may participate in generation of nutrients and removal of potentially toxic compounds, thereby contributing to the stability of the complex microbiota found in the leaf-cutting ant nests.
Oilseed cultivars developed from induced mutations and mutations altering fatty acid composition
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bhatia, C.R.; Nichterlein, K.; Maluszynski, M.
1999-01-01
One hundred and sixty-three cultivars of annual oilseed crops, developed using induced mutations, have been officially approved and released for cultivation in 26 countries. The maximum number of cultivars have been released in soybean (58), followed by groundnut (44), sesame (16), linseed (15), rapeseed (14), Indian mustard (8), castorbean (4), white mustard (3) and sunflower (1). The majority (118 of 163) of the cultivars have been developed as direct mutants and 45 of 163 by using the induced mutants in a crossing programme. While in soybean 53 out of 58 cultivars were selected as direct mutants, in groundnut 22 from 44 were developed after hybridization. Eighty-three cultivars were developed directly by exposing seeds to gamma or X-rays. Attempts have been made to infer the successful dose range, defined as the range which led to the development, registration and release of the maximum number of mutant cultivars for gamma and X-rays. The successful dose ranges in Gy for the main oilseed crops are: soybean 100-200, groundnut 150-250, rapeseed 600-800, Indian mustard 700 and sesame 100-200. The main characteristics of the new cultivars, besides higher yield, are altered plant type, early flowering and maturity and oil content. Mutants altering fatty acid composition have been isolated in soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, linseed and minor oil crops. New cultivars having altered fatty acid composition have been released in rapeseed, sunflower and linseed. The latter, previously grown for non-edible oil, has been converted to a new edible oil crop. (author)
Genetic similarity among strawberry cultivars assessed by RAPD and ISSR markers
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rafael Gustavo Ferreira Morales
2011-12-01
Full Text Available Most strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne cultivars used in Brazil are developed in other countries, it became clear the need to start the strawberry breeding program in the country. To start a breeding program is necessary the genetic characterization of the germplasm available. Molecular markers are important tools that can be used for this purpose. The objectives of the present study were to assess the genetic similarity among 11 strawberry cultivars using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers and to indicate the possible promising crosses. The DNA of the eleven strawberry cultivars was extracted and amplified by PCR with RAPD and ISSR primers. The DNA fragments were separated in agarose gel for the RAPD markers and in polyacrylamide gel for the ISSR markers. The genetic similarity matrix was estimated by the Jaccard coefficient. Based on this matrix, the cultivars were grouped using the UPGMA method. The dendogram generated by the RAPD markers distributed the cultivars in three groups while the ISSR markers generated two groups. There was no direct relationship between the marker groups when the two types of markers were compared. The grouping proposed by the ISSR markers was more coherent with the origin and the genealogy of the cultivars than that proposed by the RAPD markers, and it can be considered the most efficient method for the study of genetic divergence in strawberry. The most promising crosses, based on the genetic divergence estimated from the RAPD and ISSR molecular data were between the Tudla and Ventana and the Oso Grande and Ventana cultivars, respectively.
NUTRIENT CONTENT IN SUNFLOWERS IRRIGATED WITH OIL EXPLORATION WATER
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
ADERVAN FERNANDES SOUSA
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Irrigation using produced water, which is generated during crude oil and gas recovery and treated by the exploration industry, could be an option for irrigated agriculture in semiarid regions. To determine the viability of this option, the effects of this treated water on the nutritional status of plants should be assessed. For this purpose, we examined the nutritional changes in sunflowers after they were irrigated with oil - produced water and the effects of this water on plant biomass and seed production. The sunflower cultivar BRS 321 was grown for three crop cycles in areas irrigated with filtered produced water (FPW, reverse osmosis - treated produced water (OPW, or ground water (GW. At the end of each cycle, roots, shoots, and seeds were collected to examine their nutrient concentrations. Produced water irrigation affected nutrient accumulation in the sunflower plants. OPW irrigation promoted the accumulation of Ca, Na, N, P, and Mg. FPW irrigation favored the accumulation of Na in both roots and shoots, and biomass and seed production were negatively affected. The Na in the shoots of plants irrigated with FPW increased throughout the three crop cycles. Under controlled conditions, it is possible to reuse reverse osmosis - treated produced water in agriculture. However, more long - term research is needed to understand its cumulative effects on the chemical and biological properties of the soil and crop production.
Cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimer accumulation in relation to UV-B sensitivity in mung bean cultivars
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
He Junmin; Wang Ruibin; Meng Zhaoni
2006-01-01
The purpose of the experiment is to reveal the relationship between cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) accumulation and UV-B sensitivity in mung bean cultivars. Two mung bean cultivars (Phaseolus raditus L. cv. Qindou -2 0 and Zhonglü -1 ) were grown in greenhouse with treatment or without treatment of UV-B radiation (0.4 W * m -2 ) for four days. The UV-B-induced CPDs in mung bean DNA were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with specific monoclonal antibody and the relationship between CPDs accumulation and the UV-B sensitivity of mung bean seedlings were discussed. The UV-B-induced inhibition of the biomass and net photosynthetic rate of the primary leaves of cultivar Zhonglü -1 were respectively lower than that of cultivar Qindou -2 0, so that the cultivar Zhonglü -1 was more tolerant to UV-B than the cultivar Qindou -2 0. Meanwhile, the cultivar Zhonglü -1 had lower CPD accumulation and susceptibility to CPD induction, higher photorepair capacity and same dark repair capacity as compared with the cultivar Qindou -2 0. Different UV-B sensitivities between two mung bean cultivars may be mainly caused by the differences in CPD accumulation, which are caused by the different susceptibility to CPD induction and the different photorepair capacities. In addition, the different susceptibility to CPD induction between two mung bean cultivars is related to the different levels of UV-absorbing compounds
Yañez, E; Zacarias, I; Aguayo, M; Vasquez, M; Guzman, E
1995-06-01
Five new cultivars of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) recently released were analyzed for their proximate chemical composition and protein biological quality. The crude protein content in these cultivars ranged from 21.9 percent in cultivar Arroz 3 to 26.9 percent in cultivar Tórtola Diana (dry matter basis). Rats fed cultivar Tórtola INIA gained more weight, had a higher protein intake and registered higher PER and NPR than Tórtola corriente. On the other hand, rats consuming cultivars Arroz 3 and Fleetwood had lower weight gain, lower protein intake and lower PER and NPR than cultivar Coscorrón corriente. However, all these cultivars have a relatively good protein value as compared to other plant protein sources.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
CAF Santos
2011-03-01
Full Text Available Foi estimada a similaridade genética entre cultivares de cebola de diferentes tipos e regiões geográficas, de forma a orientar programas de recursos genéticos e melhoramento da espécie no Nordeste brasileiro. Foram analisadas 41 cultivares, adotando-se para a visualização da similaridade genética o fenograma UPGMA gerado da matriz de distâncias genéticas estimadas pelo coeficiente de Jaccard e baseadas em 146 bandas polimórficas de Pst1 e Mse1 de AFLP. A correlação cofenética foi de 0,91, indicando boa confiabilidade da representação gráfica para a interpretação dos resultados. Foram observados dois grupos principais no fenograma, no ponto de corte de 0,55 de similaridade: 1 grupo formado por cultivares predominantemente brasileiras, com algumas inclusões de cultivares estrangeiras; e 2 grupo formado por três cultivares estrangeiras (Mercedes, Perfect e TEG 502 PRR. Rijnsburger Jumbo e IPA 8 apresentaram a maior similaridade (85%, enquanto Madrugada foi a mais divergente em relação às demais cultivares. As cultivares da série IPA se dividiram em subgrupos no grupo das cultivares brasileiras (IPA 8, IPA 10 e IPA 11; IPA 12, IPA 7, IPA 2 e IPA 6; IPA 3, IPA 4 e IPA 9, indicando haver variabilidade genética a ser explorada entre aquelas situadas em subgrupos distintos. Bola Precoce e BRS Cascata apresentaram a maior similaridade entre as cultivares de origem brasileira. Foi observada similaridade superior a 39%, refletindo a alta variabilidade genética da coleção de cebola estudada. A introdução de novos acessos deve considerar procedências outras que não norte americanas, para aumentar a variabilidade de germoplasma de cebola disponível no Nordeste do Brasil.The genetic similarity among onion cultivars of different origins was evaluated, in order to carry out genetic resources and breeding programs for this species on the Brazilian Northeast. Forty-one onion cultivars were analyzed for 146 polymorphic Pst1/Mse1
Sixty one persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) selections, including 17 Italian, 11 Spanish, 13 Japanese, six Korean, five Chinese, one Israeli, and eight of unknown origin, were evaluated for genetic differences by AFLP analysis. Relationships among cultivars were evaluated by UPGMA clustering, Neigh...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Max Venicius Teixeira da Silva
2014-07-01
Full Text Available 800x600 Na cultura da melancia, a nutrição mineral é um dos fatores que mais contribuem na produtividade e qualidade dos frutos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados em arranjo fatorial com cultivo em faixas (4 x 4 + 2, resultando em 32 tratamentos, com 3 repetições.Os tratamentos foram formados por quatro doses de nitrogênio – N (N1 - 0; N2 - 48; N3 - 121; N4 - 218 kg ha-1 combinadas com quatro doses de fósforo – P2O5 (P1 - 0; P2 - 88; P3 - 220; P4 - 397 kg ha-1 em esquema fatorial, com duas cultivares de melancia nas subparcelas em faixas. Os frutos da cultivar Olímpia participaram com mais da metade da matéria seca total da planta, já a cultivar leopard, os frutos tiveram menos de50% na participação do matéria seca total da planta. O potássio foi o nutriente mais acumulado nos frutos em ambas as cultivares, seguindo do nitrogênio e calcio. Na cultivar Olímpia, os frutos do tratamento 2 teve um maior acúmulo de N, P e K em relação aos demais tratamentos, já o calcio e magnésio foram mais acumulado nos frutos do tratamento 3, na cultivar Leopard, os frutos do tratamento T3 acumularam maior quantidade de N e P, o tratamento 1 foi Ca e Mg e o Tratamento 2 acumulou maior quantidade de potássio. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE
Adaptability and stability of carotenoids in maize cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sara de Almeida Rios
2009-01-01
Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to investigate the adaptability and stability of carotenoids in maize cultivars inthe 2004/2005 growing season. Total carotenoids (TC, total carotenoids with provitamin A activity (Pro VA (μg g-1 andgrain yield (kg ha-1 were quantified in 10 cultivars at five locations. The chemical analyses were conducted in a laboratoryof the EMBRAPA/CNPMS, in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais. The methodologies of Eberhart and Russell (1966, Lin and Binns(1988 and Rocha et al. (2005 were used to analyze adaptability and stability. In general, the linear regression modelproposed by Eberhart and Russell (1966 failed to fit the Pro VA contents in the evaluated cultivars satisfactorily. However,with regard to the TC levels, all different analysis methodologies of adaptability and stability rated hybrid BRS 2020 as anideal genotype with general adaptability.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Roberta M. de SÁ
2000-04-01
Full Text Available Com o crescente interesse em alimentos funcionais e nutracêuticos, a aveia (Avena sativa L. tem se destacado, devido ao seu teor de fibras alimentares e principalmente às beta-glucanas. As (1,3(1,4-beta-D-glucanas, fibras alimentares na maioria solúveis, atuam na redução do colesterol em indivíduos com hipercolesterolemia. Existem estudos para determinar as causas de variação do teor desta fibra em aveia, porém, pouco se sabe sobre a aveia cultivada no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se existem diferenças no conteúdo de beta-glucanas entre cultivares brasileiros e se há variação na porcentagem desta fibra devido ao ano de cultivo. Os cultivares IAC7, UFRGS14, UPF16 e UPF17 (3 amostras de cada, e ainda três amostras do cultivar IAC7 para cada ano de cultivo (97 e 98, foram analisados segundo os métodos da AACC (American Association of Cereal Chemists. Os teores médios (peso seco de beta-glucanas foram 6,50% (IAC7, 4,30% (UFRGS14, 3,51% (UPF16 e 3,78% (UPF17, com erro padrão de ±0,084 e coeficiente de variação de 7,89 %. Observou-se efeito significativo dos cultivares (p=0,03 e grande variabilidade entre as amostras (p=0,0001. O cultivar IAC7 apresentou média de beta-glucanas de 5,11% em 97 e 6,50 % em 98 (erro padrão ±0,14; CV=10,53% e observou-se efeito significativo do ano de cultivo.With the increasing interest in functional foods and nutraceuticals, oats (Avena sativa L. have received special attention because of their dietary fiber contents, and specially of their beta-glucans. The mostly soluble dietary fibers (1,3(1,4-beta-D-glucans, reduce serum cholesterol in individuals with hypercholesterolemia. There are studies about the causes of variation in the contents of this fiber in oats, however, very little is known about Brazilian cultivars. The objective of this work was to verify if there were differences in the beta-glucan contents among brazilian cultivars and if there was variation in the
Wamser, Anderson Fernando; Cecilio Filho, Arthur Bernardes; Nowaki, Rodrigo Hiyoshi Dalmazzo; Mendoza-Cortez, Juan Waldir; Urrestarazu, Miguel
2017-01-01
The interactive effects of N (6, 9, 12 and 15 mmol L-1) and K (3, 5, 7, and 9 mmol L-1) concentrations in nutrient solutions were evaluated on bell pepper grown in a coconut-coir substrate and fertilized without drainage. An additional treatment with drainage was evaluated using N and K concentrations of 12 and 7 mmol L-1, respectively. The hybrid Eppo cultivar of yellow bell pepper was cultivated for 252 days beginning 9 November 2012. Electrical conductivity (EC), the N and K concentrations in the substrate solution, marketable fruit yield, total dry weight and macronutrient concentrations in shoots were periodically evaluated. Fruit production was lower in the system without drainage, regardless of the N and K concentrations, compared to the recommended 10-20% drainage of the volume of nutrient solution applied. Higher K concentrations in the nutrient solution did not affect plant production in the system without drainage for the substrate with an initial K concentration of 331.3 mg L-1. Fruit yield was higher without drainage at a nutrient-solution N concentration of 10.7 mmol L-1. The upper EC limit of the substrate solution in the system without drainage was exceeded 181 days after planting. Either lower nutrient concentrations in the nutrient solution or a drainage system could thus control the EC in the substrate solution.
Genetic fingerprinting of mutant rose cultivars
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kumar, S; Prasad, K V; Singh, K P; Singh, A.P. [Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi (India)], E-mail: kvprasad66@gmail.com
2008-07-01
Six rose mutants evolved at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi from four parent cultivars were characterized based on RAPD markers. Contrary to the earlier findings our effort has conclusively proven that the RAPD markers are indeed robust tools to discern the mutants from their parents. Among 40 primers screened, 7 primers produced inconsistent banding pattern. The number of polymorphic bands varied between 4 (OPA 14) and 10 (OPA1) with an average of 6.5 bands per primer. The percentage polymorphism ranged from 62.5 (OPM 9) to 100 percent (OPA 1). Most of the primers produced monomorphic bands between parent and mutant rose cultivars. When primer OPA 2 was used a specific band of 2.5 kb was noticed in mutant cv. Pusa Urmil and cv. Pusa Abhishek but was absent in parent cv. Jantar Mantar. A polymorphic band of 750 bp was noticed in the parent Kiss of Fire and helped in differentiating the parent from its mutant when amplified with OPK 3. Primer OPS 16 produced discriminatory band of 800 bp in mutant cv. Pink Sport of Montezuma while it was absent in its parent cv. Montezuma. Another specific band of 650 bp was present in parent cv. Montezuma and absent in its mutant cv. Pink Sport of Montezuma signifying the uniqueness of the mutant. Primer OPM 5 brought out distinct polymorphism among the parent Jantar Mantar and its three mutants with absence of a specific band of 1.5 kb in the parent. The four parents and 6 mutants were divided into four distinct groups in the Dendogram constructed by UPGMA method. The most genetically similar cultivar among the 10 cultivars analyzed are Montezuma and its pink sport of Montezuma whereas Abhisarika a mutant of cv. Kiss of Fire was distinctly different and formed a separate cluster. (author)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Patrícia Nagai Hasegawa
2010-06-01
Full Text Available Loquat is a fruit with high market value cultivated in Southeast Brazil. Despite of this, there are little details about its quality characteristics. Fruits from five loquat cultivars, developed using genetic breeding, were analyzed to assess their compositional traits. The cultivars Centenária, Mizuho, Mizumo, Néctar de Cristal and Mizauto were selected based on their high productivity and resistance to diseases. Soluble sugars, organic acids, and carotenoids were quantified using liquid chromatography. The cultivar (cv. with the highest total sugar concentration was Mizumo and the lowest concentration was found in Centenária. The main sugar detected was sucrose, and the malic acid was the major organic acid. Ascorbic acid was detected in small amounts. The total dietary fiber contents were almost the same in all cultivars. The major carotenoids detected were β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin, except for the cultivar Nectar de Cristal, a white pulp loquat. These results contribute to the knowledge about de physiology of loquat fruit, an interesting raw material due to its nutritional and sensorial characteristics. Furthermore, the results obtained could help to identify the most appropriate use of the loquats with different attributes either for consumption in natura or for industrial processing.A nêspera é uma fruta de alto valor de mercado cultivada no sudeste do Brasil. Apesar disso, há poucos detalhes sobre suas características de qualidade. Frutas de cinco cultivares de nêsperas, desenvolvidas por melhoramento genético, foram analisadas para avaliar sua composição química. As cultivares Centenária, Mizuho, Mizumo, Néctar de Cristal e Mizauto foram selecionadas com base em sua alta produtividade e resistência a doenças. Os açúcares solúveis, ácidos orgânicos e carotenoides foram quantificados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. A cultivar com a maior concentração de açúcares totais foi a Mizumo e a com
Cuadros-Inostroza, Alvaro; Ruíz-Lara, Simón; González, Enrique; Eckardt, Aenne; Willmitzer, Lothar; Peña-Cortés, Hugo
Information about the total chemical composition of primary metabolites during grape berry development is scarce, as are comparative studies trying to understand to what extent metabolite modifications differ between cultivars during ripening. Thus, correlating the metabolic profiles with the changes occurring in berry development and ripening processes is essential to progress in their comprehension as well in the development of new approaches to improve fruit attributes. Here, the developmental metabolic profiling analysis across six stages from flowering to fully mature berries of two cultivars, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, is reported at metabolite level. Based on a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry untargeted approach, 115 metabolites were identified and relative quantified in both cultivars. Sugars and amino acids levels show an opposite behaviour in both cultivars undergoing a highly coordinated shift of metabolite associated to primary metabolism during the stages involved in growth, development and ripening of berries. The changes are characteristic for each stage, the most pronounced ones occuring at fruit setting and pre-Veraison. They are associated to a reduction of the levels of metabolites present in the earlier corresponding stage, revealing a required catabolic activity of primary metabolites for grape berry developmental process. Network analysis revealed that the network connectivity of primary metabolites is stage- and cultivar-dependent, suggesting differences in metabolism regulation between both cultivars as the maturity process progresses. Furthermore, network analysis may represent an appropriate method to display the association between primary metabolites during berry developmental processes among different grapevine cultivars and for identifying potential biologically relevant metabolites.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hermes Araméndiz Tatis
2009-12-01
Full Text Available La berenjena es una especie perteneciente al género Solanum, de gran importancia en la horticultura del Caribe colombiano. El estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la morfología floral de dos cultivares de berenjena “Long Purple” y “Criolla Lila”, que tienen origen geográfico diferente, utilizando para ello, una muestra aleatoria de 100 cojines florales por cultivar. Se estimaron la media, rango, varianza, desviación estándar, coeficiente de variación y se aplicó la prueba t, para determinar diferencias entre los dos cultivares. Los resultados indicaron que el cultivar “Long Purple”, presenta flores distílicas, en tanto que en el “Criollo Lila” se observó la presencia de tristilia. El potencial de producción de frutos, fue del 76,5% y 57,52%, para el “Criollo Lila” y “Long Purple”, respectivamente. Las flores brevistílicas en ambos cultivares, incrementan la aptitud masculina y por ende un desbalance entre las flores con funcionamiento masculino y hermafrodita.The eggplant is a specie of genus Solanum, of great importance in horticulture of colombian Caribbean region. The objective of study was to describe the floral morphology of two cultivars of eggplant “Long Purple” and “Lilac land race”, which have different geographic origin. We used a random sample of 100 floral cushions for cultivar. The mean, range, variance, standard deviation, variation coefficient were estimated. The t-test was applied to determine differences between two cultivars. The results indicated that genotype ‘Long Purple’, showed distylics flowers, while in the “Lilac land race” was observed the presence of tristylics flowers. The potential for production of fruit was 76.50% and 57.52% for the “Lilac land race” and “Long Purple”, respectively. Brevistylics flowers in the two cultivars, increased male fitness and thus produced a nonbalance on functioning between male and hermaphrodite flowers.
Cultivar Evaluation and Essential Test Locations Identification for Sugarcane Breeding in China
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jun Luo
2014-01-01
Full Text Available The discrepancies across test sites and years, along with the interaction between cultivar and environment, make it difficult to accurately evaluate the differences of the sugarcane cultivars. Using a genotype main effect plus genotype-environment interaction (GGE Biplot software, the yield performance data of seven sugarcane cultivars in the 8th Chinese National Sugarcane Regional Tests were analyzed to identify cultivars recommended for commercial release. Fn38 produced a high and stable sugar yield. Gn02-70 had the lowest cane yield with high stability. Yz06-407 was a high cane yield cultivar with poor stability in sugar yield. Yz05-51 and Lc03-1137 had an unstable cane yield but relatively high sugar yield. Fn39 produced stable high sugar yield with low and unstable cane production. Significantly different sugar and cane yields were observed across seasons due to strong cultivar-environment interactions. Three areas, Guangxi Chongzuo, Guangxi Baise, and Guangxi Hechi, showed better representativeness of cane yield and sugar content than the other four areas. On the other hand, the areas Guangxi Chongzuo, Yunnan Lincang, and Yunnan Baoshan showed strong discrimination ability, while the areas Guangxi Hechi and Guangxi Liuzhou showed poor discrimination ability. This study provides a reference for cultivar evaluation and essential test locations identification for sugarcane breeding in China.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Paola Vanessa Sierra
2014-07-01
Full Text Available The whitefly is a major pest that affects avocado and there is not enough information about the biolog y and management of this insect in Colombia. In this paper the incidence of the whitefly Paraleyrodes sp. pos. bondarion four avocado cultivars was studied (Choquette, Hass, Lorena, Santana. The crop management carried out by farmers was characterized and its effect on the white fly presence on three cultivars was evaluated (Choquette, Hass, Lorena. Presence of secondary metabolites on leaves from Hass and Lorena was measured and the effect of their leaf extracts on the mortality and repellency index of whitefly adults was established. There were interactions between crop management and cultivar for the presence of the insect; moderately chemical management had the lowest infestation in all cultivars. The increase in soil fertilization and chemical insecticides increased insect population, and removal of the hemiparasite decreased it. Lorena cultivar had the highest fly preference, insect population increase when there was interaction between cultivar and mature leaves, neutral repellency index, and high percentage of total and non-reducing carbohydrates. The Hass cultivar showed higher amount of coumarins, terpenes and steroids, and high rate of repellency. Lorena attracting the insect is due to the presence of carbohydrates; and Hass repellency is due to the terpene and / or steroids. Research works should be done on whitefly in avocado crops toward cultivars Lorena
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
NI MADE GARI
2011-06-01
Full Text Available Leaf micromorphology of 13 Bali salak cultivars was studied by using multivariate analysis (Principal component analysis. The results showed that the cultivars clustered into a main group consisted of nine cultivars (Boni, Bingin, Selem, Embad, Nangka, Penyalin, Maong, Nyuh, and Putih. However, two cultivars (Muani and Gondok were distinctly separated from this main group and two the others Nanas and Gula were intermediate. The principal component analysis (PCA revealed that the main group has highly correlated to the characters abaxial cell length and number of cross vein density. Muani cultivar generally had longer adaxial cells, wider guard cells and lower stomatal index than the other cultivars. These three characters strongly influenced the separation of Muani from the others. Similarly, Gondok cultivar generally had wider abaxial cells than the other cultivars that discriminated Gondok clearly from the others. Whereas, the intermediate cultivars (Gula and Nanas were placed between the main group that consisted of nine cultivars and the two separated cultivars (Muani and Gondok. These cultivars (Gula and Nanas had intermediate values, which influenced their separations.
Clinical reactivity of celery cultivars in allergic patients: Role of Api g 1.
Dölle, S; Welter, S; Ruppel, E; Lehmann, K; Schwarz, D; Jensen-Jarolim, E; Zieglmayer, P; Franken, P; Worm, M
2018-04-01
Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a vegetable consumed world-wide. Celery stalks and celeriac roots are often ingredients in convenient food products like spice blends and soups. In this study, we examined the allergenicity of distinct celeriac cultivars. Sixteen celery-allergic patients were identified using a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge. Ten different celeriac cultivars were used for skin prick testing in the patients. Two cultivars were further applied for oral food challenges; their protein composition was analysed by immunoblotting, and contents of major allergen Api g 1 were quantified. From the 10 investigated celeriac cultivars, two cultivars elicited significantly different skin reactivity ("Anita": 5.0 [2.0-12.0] mm vs "Prinz": 7.0 [3.0-9.5] mm; P = .047). Moreover, "Anita" induced fewer symptoms after a controlled oral-celeriac challenge in 14 patient (P Api g 1 in "Prinz" than in "Anita." Taken together, the data from this study suggest that cultivar Anita is better tolerated in celery-allergic patients than "Prinz." Differences in the protein expression profile between the cultivars, particularly the different content of Api g 1, could cause the different allergenicity. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Robson Thiago Xavier de Sousa
2010-01-01
Full Text Available A cana-de-açúcar é uma espécie acumuladora de silício (Si, capaz de responder à adubação silicatada, principalmente, em solos pobres desse elemento. As escórias de siderurgia constituem em uma interessante fonte de Si para aplicação em solos cultivados com essa cultura. Objetivou-se estudar o aproveitamento do Si proveniente da escória siderúrgica pela cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi desenvolvido em Uberlândia (MG, entre 15 de agosto de 2007 e 2 de maio de 2008. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2x4, sendo duas cultivares de cana-de-açúcar (SP81 - 3250 e RB86 - 7515 e quatro doses de Si (0, 100, 200 e 400 kg ha-1 em quatro repetições. A cana foi cultivada em tambores plásticos (200 L. A aplicação de escória de siderurgia (silicato aumentou o teor de Si disponível no solo e o teor foliar da cana-de-açúcar. A quantidade de Si acumulada pela parte aérea da cana proveniente do silicato aplicado variou entre 23% e 56%, respectivamente, para as variedades RB86-7515 e SP81-3250. Em média, 39% do Si absorvido pela parte aérea da cana foram provenientes do fertilizante aplicado (silicato.Sugarcane is a species that accumulates silicon (Si and is capable of responding to Si applications, especially in soils lacking Si.. Metallurgy slag is an interesting source of Si for soils cultivated with this crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recovery of Si from metallurgy slag by sugarcane. The experiment was carried out at Uberlândia-MG, from August 15, 2007 to May 02, 2008. The experimental design was randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement being two cultivate of sugarcane (SP81 - 3250 and RB86 - 7515 and four Silicon doses (0, 100, 200 and 400 kg ha-1 with four replications. The sugarcane was cultivated in plastic drums (200 L. The application of slag (silicates increased the content of available silicon in soil and leaf of sugarcane. The amount of Si accumulated in
Powdery mildew reaction of hop cultivars and USDA germplasm, 2015
This research was conducted to identify possible sources of resistance to the disease powdery mildew in publicly-available hop germplasm and cultivars. Germplasm with the highest levels of downy mildew resistance in the USDA collection and various cultivars of interest were screened for their reac...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ciro Hideki Sumida
2009-07-01
Full Text Available As cultivares de abacateiro (Persea americana Mill 'Margarida', 'Fortuna' e 'Hass' têm muita importância econômica no mercado nacional e internacional. Em função disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a reação dessas cultivares frente à Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands., agente causal da podridão das raízes. A inoculação do patógeno foi feita por meio de implantação de tecidos de raízes sintomáticas. Foram inoculadas quatro raízes em três árvores diferentes, uma de cada cultivar, em três pontos diferentes da raiz. Em cada cultivar, das quatro raízes, uma foi utilizada como testemunha, nas quais foram implantados tecidos sadios. A avaliação foi realizada aos 120 dias após a inoculação, observando-se as raízes externamente quanto à alteração da coloração e presença de estruturas de patógenos na região da superfície da casca nos pontos inoculados. Internamente, foram removidas as cascas para visualização das alterações a partir do ponto inoculado, sendo observadas alterações de coloração dos tecidos e realizada mensuração da extensão do escurecimento (lesão aparente. Nas extremidades das lesões foram retirados segmentos de raízes e implantados em meio de cultivo farinha de milho-ágar e incubados, para verificação da colonização na área sem escurecimento, ou seja, a colonização não- aparente. Das cultivares avaliadas, a 'Hass' foi a menos suscetível ao P. cinnamomi, quando comparada às cultivares 'Fortuna' e 'Margarida'. O patógeno P. cinnamomi pode apresentar desenvolvimento ou colonização nos tecidos radiculares além da área sintomática.Cultivars of the avocado (Persea americana Mill 'Margarida', 'Fortuna' and 'Geada' have importance in the national and international markets. The present paper had as objective to evaluate the reaction of such cultivars to Phytophthora cinanamomi Rands, the causal agent of avocado root rot. They were inoculated four roots in three different
Solar radiation use efficiency and morphophysiological indices in common bean cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gisele Carneiro da Silva Teixeira
2015-03-01
Full Text Available Common bean crops present a broad edaphoclimatic adaptation, allowing their cultivation throughout the year. However, in order to reach good economic income levels, it is fundamental to understand the processes that affect the growth and development of the crop in various environments. This study aimed to compare two common bean cultivars (BRS Radiante and Pérola contrasting in cycle and growth behavior by using morphophysiological indices and solar radiation use efficiency. The following traits were evaluated: light extinction coefficient, radiation use efficiency, phenologic development, leaf area index, total dry matter weight, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and dry matter partitioning. The BRS Radiante cultivar shows a higher vigor, when compared to the Pérola cultivar, due to its faster initial phenologic development and higher initial and relative growth rates. Both cultivars differ for leaf area index and shoot architecture, although that does not happen for light extinction coefficient. The BRS Radiante cultivar shows a higher solar radiation use efficiency, resulting in a greater dry matter yield throughout its development.
Impacto dos nutrientes na saúde óssea: novas tendências Nutrients impact on bone health: new trends
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Glaucia Queiroz Morais
2007-07-01
Full Text Available A nutrição é fator importante modificável no desenvolvimento/manutenção da massa óssea (MO e prevenção da osteoporose. Esta é uma doença caracterizada por decréscimo na massa esquelética e elevação da suscetibilidade a fraturas. O desenvolvimento do pico de massa óssea (PMO é ainda o maior determinante dessa condição. Por isso, alterações com a idade sinalizam a importância da manutenção de nutrição adequada durante o desenvolvimento desse pico. Indivíduos que atingiram elevado PMO terão, na idade adulta, baixo risco de desenvolver doenças osteometabólicas com o envelhecimento. Os efeitos dos nutrientes sobre as estruturas esqueléticas são intensos e amplos; alguns, há anos, são consistentemente relacionados com a saúde óssea, como o cálcio, fósforo e vitamina D. Entretanto, outros nutrientes vêm sendo sugeridos como essenciais para o metabolismo ósseo normal: proteínas, lipídeos, potássio, vitaminas K e A e cloreto de sódio. A influência das interações entre tais fatores nutricionais, meio ambiente, estilo de vida e hereditariedade auxiliarão na compreensão da complexidade do desenvolvimento da osteoporose e subseqüentes fraturas. Em adição, déficit energético pode acarretar redução da MO, em face dos distúrbios endócrino-metabólicos desencadeados pela privação alimentar. Esta revisão objetiva elucidar o impacto dos nutrientes e ingestão calórica sobre o osso, em diferentes estágios da vida, descrevendo possíveis interações entre nutrientes e como estas poderiam afetar a homeostase óssea e mineral.Nutrition is an important factor in bone mass development/maintenance and in osteoporosis prevention. This disease is characterized by decreased skeletal mass and increased susceptibility to fractures. The greatest determinant of this condition is the peak bone mass (PBM. Hence, alterations over time indicate the importance of maintaining adequate nutrition during the development of
Effects of cultivar and grazing initiation date on fall-grown oat for replacement dairy heifers.
Coblentz, W K; Brink, G E; Esser, N M; Cavadini, J S
2015-09-01
average daily gain for heifers grazing FP pastures were likely related to the greater energy density of FP oat throughout the fall that reached a maximum of 68.8% total digestible nutrients on November 27 compared with only 63.7% for OG on October 10. During 2014, average daily gain from CON exceeded all grazing heifer groups (0.81 vs. 0.57 kg/d), and average daily gain from EG again exceeded LG (0.70 vs. 0.44 kg/d). These results suggest that delaying grazing until mid-October will consistently suppress heifer growth performance, particularly if rapidly maturing cultivars are used. Copyright © 2015 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Edison Martins Paulo
2005-01-01
Full Text Available Avaliou-se em Adamantina, na Região da Alta Paulista, em São Paulo, entre maio de 1995 e junho de 2000, o crescimento e quatro produções de cafeeiros das cultivares de porte baixo Catuaí Amarelo IAC 47 e Obatã IAC 1669-20 de Coffea arabica L., submetidas às densidades de plantio de 2.500, 5.000, 7.519 e 10.000 plantas ha-1, com uma planta por cova. Estudou-se também a população de 2.500 plantas.ha-1 em covas com duas plantas com 2,0 m de distância na linha de plantio. Adotou-se o delineamento estatístico de blocos ao acaso com três repetições, com parcelas subdivididas, onde as parcelas foram as populações e as subparcelas, as cultivares. Os resultados permitiram inferir que, no período estudado, o aumento da densidade influenciou positivamente a altura e negativamente o diâmetro do caule e da base da copa dos cafeeiros, mas não a altura da inserção do primeiro ramo plagiotrópico a partir do nível do solo. O aumento da população de cafeeiros acarretou menor produção de café beneficiado por planta, mas concorreu para o aumento da produtividade no período de 1997 a 2000. O plantio de duas mudas de café por cova acarretou também diminuição do diâmetro do caule e da produção individual dos cafeeiros. Observou-se na cultivar Catuaí Amarelo IAC 47 maior diâmetro da base da copa e maior crescimento em altura, enquanto a cv. Obatã IAC 1669-20 evidenciou seu maior diâmetro do caule. As cultivares Catuaí Amarelo IAC 47 e Obatã IAC 1669-20 não diferiram entre si quanto à produção individual e à produtividade de café beneficiado no quadriênio (1997-2000.This experiment was developed at Adamantina, west region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, during May of 1995 to June of 2000. The plant growth and productivity of two coffee cultivars Catuaí Amarelo IAC 47 and Obatã IAC 1669-20, were evaluated considering to plant densities of 2.500, 5.000, 7.519 and 10.000 plants ha-1. The density of 2500 also was
Cultivar and Rhizobium Strain Effects on the Symbiotic Performance of Pea (Pisum sativum)
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Skøt, Leif
1983-01-01
The symbiotic performance of four pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars in combination with each of four strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum was studied in growth chamber experiments in order to estimate the effects of cultivars, strains and cultivar × strain interaction on the variation in dry weight, N...
Genetic variability in Brazilian wheat cultivars assessed by microsatellite markers
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ivan Schuster
2009-01-01
Full Text Available Wheat (Triticum aestivum is one of the most important food staples in the south of Brazil. Understanding genetic variability among the assortment of Brazilian wheat is important for breeding. The aim of this work was to molecularly characterize the thirty-six wheat cultivars recommended for various regions of Brazil, and to assess mutual genetic distances, through the use of microsatellite markers. Twenty three polymorphic microsatellite markers (PMM delineated all 36 of the samples, revealing a total of 74 simple sequence repeat (SSR alleles, i.e. an average of 3.2 alleles per locus. Polymorphic information content (PIC value calculated to assess the informativeness of each marker ranged from 0.20 to 0.79, with a mean of 0.49. Genetic distances among the 36 cultivars ranged from 0.10 (between cultivars Ocepar 18 and BRS 207 to 0.88 (between cultivars CD 101 and Fudancep 46, the mean distance being 0.48. Twelve groups were obtained by using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means analysis (UPGMA, and thirteen through the Tocher method. Both methods produced similar clusters, with one to thirteen cultivars per group. The results indicate that these tools may be used to protect intellectual property and for breeding and selection programs.
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of seven cultivars of guava (Psidium guajava) fruits.
Flores, Gema; Wu, Shi-Biao; Negrin, Adam; Kennelly, Edward J
2015-03-01
The antioxidant activity and identification of phenolic compounds of seven edible guava (Psidium guajava) cultivars that varied in colour from white to pink were examined. In the DPPH assay all four pink-pulp guavas (Barbie Pink, Homestead, Sardina 1, Sardina 2) included in the study showed higher activity than the white pulp cultivars (Yen 2 and Sayla) and less than the red pulp guava cultivar (Thai Maroon). In the ABTS(+) assay this trend was the same up to 20 min, but from 20 to 40 min Barbie Pink showed lower activity than the white guavas. Twenty-one compounds were characterised in the cultivars, and ten of them are reported for the first time in this fruit. Principle component analysis was performed to identify differences in chemistry among these cultivars. Our results suggest that the antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition of P. guajava vary significantly according to the cultivar and pulp colour. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Impact of vacuum cooking process on the texture degradation of selected apple cultivars.
Bourles, E; Mehinagic, E; Courthaudon, J L; Jourjon, F
2009-01-01
Thermal treatments are known to affect the textural properties of fruits and vegetables. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of vacuum cooking process on the mechanical properties of various apple cultivars. A total of 10 apple cultivars were industrially processed by vacuum pasteurization at 95 degrees C for 25 min. The raw material was characterized by penetrometry, uniaxial double compression, soluble solid content, and titrable acidity. Textural properties of processed apples were analyzed by uniaxial double compression. As expected, for all cultivars, fruit resistance was lower after processing than before. Results showed that texture degradation due to vacuum pasteurization was different from one cultivar to another. Indeed, some cultivars, initially considered as the most resistant ones, such as Braeburn, were less suitable for processing, and became softer than others after thermal treatment. Consequently, it is worth noting that the texture classification of the investigated apple cultivars was changed by the vacuum-cooking process.
Discrimination of sugarcane according to cultivar by 1H NMR and chemometric analyses
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Alves Filho, Elenilson G.; Silva, Lorena M.A.; Choze, Rafael; Liao, Luciano M. [Laboratorio de Ressonancia Magnetica Nuclear, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Federal de Goias (UFG), Goiania, GO (Brazil); Honda, Neli K.; Alcantara, Glaucia B. [Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS (Brazil)
2012-07-01
Several technologies for the development of new sugarcane cultivars have mainly focused on the increase in productivity and greater disease resistance. Sugarcane cultivars are usually identified by the organography of the leaves and stems, the analysis of peroxidase and esterase isoenzyme activities and the total soluble protein as well as soluble solid content. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) associated with chemometric analysis has proven to be a valuable tool for cultivar assessment. Thus, this article describes the potential of chemometric analysis applied to 1H high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) and NMR in solution for the investigation of sugarcane cultivars. For this purpose, leaves from eight different cultivars of sugarcane were investigated by {sup 1}H NMR spectroscopy in combination with chemometric analysis. The approach shows to be a useful tool for the distinction and classification of different sugarcane cultivars as well as to access the differences on its chemical composition. (author)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Francisco José da Silva Lédo
2004-10-01
Full Text Available Realizou-se este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar e selecionar cultivares de alfafa (Medicago sativa L. mais adaptadas às condições edafoclimáticas da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. O ensaio foi conduzido no campo experimental da Embrapa Gado de Leite, em Coronel Pacheco-MG, no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com duas repetições. Foram avaliadas 59 cultivares no período de 31/8/1999 a 10/12/2001, realizando-se 16 cortes de avaliação. Avaliaram-se a produção de matéria seca (PMS, altura da planta (AP, vigor (VG, porcentagem de floração (FLO, relação folha/caule (RFC, e incidência de doenças (ID e pragas (IP. Para PMS, AP, VG, FLO e ID, observaram-se diferenças significativas entre as cultivares. As cultivares P-30, Crioula C-1, Crioula C-3 e Crioula C-2 foram as que apresentaram maiores PMS (13,17; 13,13; 13,00 e 12,48 t/ha/ano, respectivamente. As cultivares apresentaram maior FLO (18,98% e AP (54,13 cm nos cortes realizados no período de verão, quando comparado com os de inverno (6,11% e 46,60 cm, respectivamente. Com base nos resultados obtidos, foram selecionadas as cultivares P-30, Crioula C-1, Crioula C-3 e Crioula C-2.The objective of this experiment was to evaluate and select the alfalfa cultivars (Medicago sativa L. best adapted to the climate and soil of Zona da Mata, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The trial was carried out at Embrapa Gado de Leite, in the experiment station located in Coronel Pacheco, MG, using a randomized complete block design with two replications. Fifty-nine cultivars studied between Sept. 9, 1999 and Dec. 10, 2001 were submitted to 16 evaluating cuts. Dry matter production (DMP, plant height (PH, vigor (VG, flowering percent (FLO, leaf/stem ratio (RFC and disease (D and pests (P occurrence were observed. There were significant differences among cultivars regarding to DMP, PH, VG, FLO and D. Cultivars P-30, Crioula C-3 and Crioula C-2 showed the highest DMP (13,17; 13,13; 13,00 e 12
Anderson, Grant; van Aardt, Jan; Bajorski, Peter; Vanden Heuvel, Justine
2016-05-01
The grape industry relies on regular crop assessment to aid in the day-to-day and seasonal management of their crop. More specifically, there are six key nutrients of interest to viticulturists in the growing of wine grapes, namely nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, zinc and boron. Traditional methods of determining the levels of these nutrients are through collection and chemical analysis of petiole samples from the grape vines themselves. We collected ground-level observations of the spectra of the grape vines, using a hyperspectral spectrometer (0.4-2.5um), at the same time that petioles samples were harvested. We then interpolated the data into a consistent 1 nm spectral resolution before comparing it to the nutrient data collected. This nutrient data came from both the industry standard petiole analysis, as well as an additional leaf-level analysis. The data were collected for two different grape cultivars, both during bloom and veraison periods to provide variability, while also considering the impact of temporal/seasonal change. A narrow-band NDI (Normalized Difference Index) approach, as well as a simple ratio index, was used to determine the correlation of the reflectance data to the nutrient data. This analysis was limited to the silicon photodiode range to increase the utility of our approach for wavelength-specific cameras (via spectral filters) in a low cost drone platform. The NDI generated correlation coefficients were as high as 0.80 and 0.88 for bloom and veraison, respectively. The ratio index produced correlation coefficient results that are the same at two decimal places with 0.80 and 0.88. These results bode well for eventual non-destructive, accurate and precise assessment of vineyard nutrient status.
Genetic Analysis of East Asian Grape Cultivars Suggests Hybridization with Wild Vitis.
Goto-Yamamoto, Nami; Sawler, Jason; Myles, Sean
2015-01-01
Koshu is a grape cultivar native to Japan and is one of the country's most important cultivars for wine making. Koshu and other oriental grape cultivars are widely believed to belong to the European domesticated grape species Vitis vinifera. To verify the domesticated origin of Koshu and four other cultivars widely grown in China and Japan, we genotyped 48 ancestry informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and estimated wild and domesticated ancestry proportions. Our principal components analysis (PCA) based ancestry estimation revealed that Koshu is 70% V. vinifera, and that the remaining 30% of its ancestry is most likely derived from wild East Asian Vitis species. Partial sequencing of chloroplast DNA suggests that Koshu's maternal line is derived from the Chinese wild species V. davidii or a closely related species. Our results suggest that many traditional East Asian grape cultivars such as Koshu were generated from hybridization events with wild grape species.
History of wheat cultivars released by Embrapa in forty years of research
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Eduardo Caierão
2014-11-01
Full Text Available In forty years of genetic breeding of wheat, Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation has developed over a hundred new cultivars for different regions of Brazil. Information regarding identification of these cultivars is often requested from Embrapa breeders. Data on year of release, name of pre-commercial line, the cross made, and the company unit responsible for indication of the cultivar are not always easily accessible and are often scattered throughout different documents. The aim of this study was to conduct a historical survey of all the wheat cultivars released by Embrapa, aggregating the information in a single document. Since 1974, Embrapa has released 112 wheat cultivars, including 12 by Embrapa Soybean - CNPSo (Londrina, PR, 14 by Embrapa Cerrado - CPAC (Brasília, DF, 9 by Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste - CPAO (Dourados, MS, and 77 by Embrapa Wheat - CNPT (Passo Fundo, RS.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Paulo César T de Melo
2009-12-01
Full Text Available A agricultura orgânica no Brasil cresce a taxas superiores a 30% ao ano, devido principalmente à maior conscientização dos consumidores que buscam alimentos saudáveis, livres de resíduos químicos e biológicos. Dentre as hortaliças cultivadas em sistema orgânico, o tomate constitui grande desafio para os produtores devido à inexistência de recomendações de manejo cultural e de cultivares desenvolvidas específicas para esse sistema de cultivo. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de tomate sob sistema orgânico, em ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido de maio a outubro de 2004 em campo, no município de Araraquara-SP. O delineamento experimental adotado foi blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e oito tratamentos (cultivares Avalon, Colibri, HTX-5415, HTX-8027, Sahel, San Marzano, San Vito e Jane. As plantas foram conduzidas em fileiras duplas, com duas hastes por planta no espaçamento de 0,8 m entre linhas e 0,6 m entre plantas (cerca de 20.000 plantas ha-1, sem poda apical. O híbrido Sahel destacou-se com o melhor desempenho para rendimento comercial. A traça-do-tomateiro se revelou como fator limitante à produção de tomate em sistema orgânico, sendo responsável, em média, por 17% de danos nos frutos colhidos das oito cultivares que foram avaliadas.Organic agriculture in Brazil has been increasing about 30% per year over the last few years, since consumers are seeking for healthier foods, i.e. nutritious and free of pesticide residues. Among organically grown vegetable crops, tomato is an attractive economic opportunity for growers. However, the lack of information about management practices and adapted cultivars to organic production systems under protected cultivation are pointed out as important constraints that prevents this activity to expand. This work aimed at evaluating the performance of indeterminate tomato cultivars in organic management systems
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ardic, M.; Sezer, O.; Ozgdsd, K.; Yaylaci, O. K.; Koyuncu, O.; Olgun, M.; Bascdftcd, Z. B.; Ayter, N. G.
2015-01-01
The aim of this study is to determine anatomical differences and classification of leaf and leaf cell characteristics (cuticle thickness, upper epidermis thickness, lower epidermis thickness, mesophyll thickness, parenchyma thickness and leaf thickness) between 10 bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) and 10 barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.). Classification of leaf characteristics in bread wheat and barley cultivars and relationship between leaf characteristics are made by principal component and correlation analyses. Highest thickness belongs to W8 Mufitbey cultivar in mesophyll and lower epidermis and W1 Sonmez 01 cultivar have the lowest thickness of upper epidermis in bread wheat. In Barley, B1 Ince cultivar has highest leaf thickness mesophyll and parenchyma; lowest thickness of cuticle is included B7 Cumhuriyet 50 cultivar. All other cultivars have homogenous contents of leaf characteristics. (author)
Relative competitiveness of soybean cultivars with barnyardgrass
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Marlon Ouriques Bastiani
Full Text Available ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the competitiveness between soybean cultivars and barnyardgrass, based on morphological and physiological characteristics of species. The experiments were conducted in completely randomized experimental design, with 4 replications. In the first study, for both soybean and barnyardgrass, it was determined the population of plants in which shoot dry matter became constant and independent of the population (16 plants∙pot−1 or 400 plants∙m−2. In the second study, 2 experiments were conducted to evaluate the competitiveness of BMX Apolo RR and BMX Potência RR soybean cultivars with barnyardgrass plants, both carried out in replacement series under different proportions of plants∙pot−1 (100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75 and 0:100 between the crop and the weed. The analysis of the species competitiveness was determined through diagrams applied to replacement series experiments and use of relative competitiveness indexes. At 44 days after the emergence of species, the physiological and morphological parameters of the crop and the weed were evaluated. The BMX Apolo RR and BMX Potência RR soybean cultivars show similar competitiveness when competing with the barnyardgrass; therefore, the ability of one species to interfere on another is equivalent. For plant height, barnyardgrass displays higher competitiveness compared to BMX Apolo RR, with early cycle and short height. The intraspecific competition is more important to barnyardgrass than interspecific competition with soybean cultivars, resulting in negative effects on the morphological and physiological characteristics of species.
Characterisation of mucilages extracted from seven Italian cultivars of flax.
Kaewmanee, Thammarat; Bagnasco, Lucia; Benjakul, Soottawat; Lanteri, Silvia; Morelli, Carlo F; Speranza, Giovanna; Cosulich, M Elisabetta
2014-04-01
The chemical composition, physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of mucilages, extracted from seven Italian flax cultivars, were evaluated. All samples were composed of neutral and acidic sugars, with a low protein content. From the NMR data, a rhamnogalacturonan backbone could be inferred as a common structural feature for all the mucilages, with some variations depending on the cultivar. All the suspensions showed a poor stability, which was consistent with a low zeta potential absolute value. The viscosity seemed to be positively correlated with the neutral sugars and negatively with the amount of proteins. Functional properties were dependent on the cultivar. The sensory analysis showed that most mucilages are tasteless. All these outcomes could support the use of flaxseed mucilages for industrial applications. In particular, Solal and Festival cultivars could be useful as thickeners, due to their high viscosity, while Natural, Valoal and Kaolin as emulsifiers for their good surface-active properties. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Determination of Juglone concentration for differentiate two Musa spp cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Michel Leiva Mora
2002-04-01
Full Text Available The toxins production by fungal pathogenic can enhance penetration and colonization of the host tissues and reproduce symptoms of diseases. Juglone is the main and the most toxic metabolite characterized from the culture filtrate of Mycosphaerella fijiensis. In the present work it was used different concentrations of juglone (10, 25, 50 and 100 mg.l-1 and a control solution of methanol 10%. Foliar injections were performed in the underside of two last open leaves of Grande naine (AAA and Fougamou (ABB cultivars. The percentage of necrosis per plant was evaluated at 24 hours after the injection. The concentration of 100 mg.l-1 was able to produce necrotic symptoms in both cultivars; nevertheless with the 50 mg.l-1 was possible to obtain differences between the two cultivars. This result established a concentration for screening two Musa spp cultivars with different resistance levels to Black Leaf Streak by the use of juglone. Key word: banana leaf streak, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, selection, toxins
Morphological composition of cultivar of Urochloa brizantha under light intensities
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Erikelly Aline Ribeiro de Santana
2013-12-01
Full Text Available The implementation of silvopastoral systems (SSP is a management option that gives good results for animal production, but the shading of the trees can alter production, growth behavior and morphological composition of the forage. The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphological composition of Urochloa brizantha cultivars Marandu and Piatã under natural light and artificial shading of 30 and 60%. The experiment was conducted at FMVZ - UNESP, Botucatu. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial arrangement 3 x 2 (three shading levels: 0, 30 and 60% and two cultivars: Marandu and Piatã with three replications and repeated measures in time (3 cuts. Sample collection occurred when the cultivars reached in 35 cm of height. Significant effects (P<0.05 of cultivar x shade x cut interaction were observed on the dry matter production of leaves and stems (Table 1. The higher production of leaves and stems (P<0.05 occurred for Piatã under natural light in the third cut (3731 and 1920 kg/ha, respectively. The absence of shade favored greater leaf production, 35 and 27% higher than the reductions of 30 and 60% respectively. The increment of stems for Piatã under natural light is related to the increase of inflorescences. The leaf:stem ratio was higher (P< 0.05 for Marandu under natural light (Table 2, with effect from the interaction cultivar x brightness level. A significant effect (P<0.05 cultivar x level of light reduction for light interception parameter was detected (Table 2. For Marandu, light levels were not influenced (P<0.05 light traps (Table 2, being close to the 95% criterion used for pasture management, justified by the collection at the point of balance between forage productivity and nutritional content, and strong relationship with high input grazing. The results indicate that the morphological composition of the cultivars is modified by reducing the light intensity.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mário Adriano Ávila Queiroz
2008-12-01
Full Text Available Objetivou-se quantificar as frações de carboidratos pelas equações do Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS de três cultivares de girassol (Helianthus annuus L. cultivados na presença ou não de irrigação. A utilização de uma preparação fibrosa, denominada parede celular (PC, nas equações da CNCPS, em substituição à fibra em detergente neutro (FDN não promoveu diferenças nas frações de carboidratos B1 e C, mas influenciou as frações A e B2. Como os valores da fração B1, obtidos pelo modelo CNCPS foram menores que os teores de amido e pectina determinados em laboratório, supõe-se que a pectina e outros oligossacarídeos da parede celular, solubilizados pela solução de detergente neutro (fibra solúvel, nunca fizeram parte da fração B1, e sim da fração A. Apesar de os carboidratos da fibra solúvel apresentarem elevadas taxas de degradação, não parece adequada a caracterização da fibra solúvel na fração A. Parece mais adequado que a fibra solúvel (que inclui a pectina seja alocada a uma fração exclusivamente sua, que pode ser a fração B2, e que seja criada uma nova fração, a B3, para os carboidratos digeríveis da parede celular. Assim, a fração B1 seria composta apenas de amido. A equação da fração C, que estima os carboidratos indigeríveis da parede celular, pode ser simplificada, relacionando a fração indigerível ao teor de lignina na matéria seca, e não à FDN isenta de cinzas e proteína, como atualmente utilizado. Esta proposta tem implicações práticas, uma vez que a fração indigerível da parede celular tem sido expressa em relação à FDN, e não na MS, com base no fato de que os efeitos inibitórios da lignina ocorrem sobre os componentes fibrosos da parede celular vegetal, e não sobre o conteúdo celular.This work aimed to estimate the carbohydrate fractions in three sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cultivars in the presence or absence of irrigation, using the
Bárta, Jan; Bártová, Veronika; Zdráhal, Zbyněk; Sedo, Ondrej
2012-05-02
Biochemical characteristics of patatin proteins purified by ion-exchange and affinity chromatography from tubers of 20 potato cultivars were studied to evaluate their genotype differences with respect to utility groups, table potato cultivars (TPCs) and processing potato cultivars (PPCs). Both groups of cultivars showed similar values of protein content in dry matter (3.98-7.39%) and of patatin relative abundance (5.40-35.40%). Three mass levels (∼40.6, 41.8, and 42.9 kDa) of purified patatins were found by MALDI-TOF MS within all cultivars. Differences among mass levels corresponding with the mass of sugar antenna (∼1.2 kDa) confirmed the previous concept of different glycosylation extentsin patatin proteins. It was showed that the individual types of patatin varying in their masses occur in the patatin family in a ratio specific for each of the cultivars, with the lowest mass type being the major one. Electrophoretic analyses demonstrated wide cultivar variability in number of patatin forms. Especially 2D-PAGE showed 17-23 detected protein spots independently on the utility group. Specific lipid acyl hydrolase (LAH) activity of purified patatins from the individual tested cultivars varied between 0.92 and 5.46 μmol/(min mg). Patatin samples within most of the TPCs exhibited higher values of specific LAH activity than samples of PPCs. It may be supposed that individual patatin forms do not have similar physiological roles.
Responses of east African highland banana (EAHB-AAA) cultivars to ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
ACSS
50% among cooking cultivars, and less than 40% to dessert cultivars. Leaf orientation was significant to folding with cooking variety type opening leaves widely (up to 100o), and enhancing excessive leaf plant dehydration, even during stressful conditions. Soil evapo-transpiration showed that cvs. Kisansa and Mpologoma ...
Effect of environment and cultivar on the expression of banana ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
... were evaluated for BSV expression so as to determine the tolerant cultivars under field and greenhouse conditions and stages of disease expression. A number of factors including plant age, cultivar, season and growth site were investigated in the greenhouse and field to assess their effect on BSD symptom expression.
Assessing the genetic diversity of cultivars and wild soybeans using ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
In this study, we demonstrated the differences of genetic diversity level among 40 soybean accessions of cultivars, landraces and wild soybeans collected in the Shanxi Agricultural University using 40 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs. The structure based on model result showed that the cultivars, landraces and ...
Atividade antioxidante de frutos de quatro cultivares de pessegueiro
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cláudia Mendes dos Santos
2013-06-01
Full Text Available Esforços são empregados para identificar plantas com teores de antioxidantes que conferem benefícios à saúde. A capacidade antioxidante do pêssego deve-se aos compostos fenólicos, vitamina C e carotenoides. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar quatro cultivares de pessegueiro (Aurora, Biuti, Diamante e Douradão em relação à capacidade antioxidante, determinando o teor dos compostos antioxidantes relacionados a essa atividade. Os frutos foram separados em dois grupos: sem armazenamento e armazenados por cinco dias à temperatura ambiente. Foram determinados os teores de vitamina C, carotenoides, compostos fenólicos e a capacidade antioxidante, pelos métodos DPPH e β-caroteno/ácido linoleico. As quatro cultivares mostraram-se ricas em substâncias antioxidantes, porém a intensidade dessa ação foi diferenciada entre elas. A cultivar Biuti apresentou maior teor das substâncias analisadas e maior atividade antioxidante em relação às outras cultivares. Foi observado que o potencial antioxidante dos frutos de pêssego aumentou durante o período de armazenamento.
Nutritional composition of new peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Campos-Mondragon, M. G.; Calderon de la Barca, A. M.; Duran-Prado, A.; Campos-Reyes, L. C.; Oliart-Ros, R. M.; Ortega-Garcia, J.; Medina-Juarez, L. A.; Angulo, O.
2009-07-01
Six peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (Col-24-Gro, Col-61-Gto, VA-81-B, Ranferi Diaz, NC-2 and Florunner) were studied for agricultural yield, chemical composition (protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber and ash), amino acid profile, digestibility, fatty acid profile, tocopherol and sterol contents. Results indicated that Ranferi Diaz and Col-61-Gto presented the highest yield (6.3 Ton/ha). Protein content was from 23.5 to 26.6% and fat content ranged from 49.8-53.4%. Mean digestibility was 86%. Lysine and threonine levels in all cultivars were sufficient to meet human requirements. Total saturated fatty acids ranged from 15-18%. The oleic/linoleic ratio was estimated 1.3-1.4. Tocopherol levels varied from 390 to 706 ppm. The highest tocopherol levels corresponded to the cultivars with the lowest yield. The alpha tocopherol content was estimated at 90-150 ppm, while gamma tocopherol was 270-570 ppm. The main sterol present was A- sitosterol (approx. 65%). Ranferi Diaz variety presented the highest agronomic yield and the highest protein content but low oleic acid, low sterols and low total tocopherols. The differences among cultivars suggest differences in their applications. (Author) 40 refs.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
SF Blat
2011-03-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em Ribeirão Preto-SP, de 06/02 a 07/04 de 2006. O objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho de cinco cultivares de alface (Pira Roxa, Belíssima, Locarno, Crespona Gigante e Verônica em dois ambientes de cultivo (casa de vegetação climatizada e não climatizada em sistema hidropônico NFT. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados para cada ambiente com três repetições sendo cinco cultivares. Os ambientes foram comparados por meio de análise conjunta. Avaliaram-se a massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, massas fresca e seca do caule, massa fresca e seca da raiz, número de folhas maiores que 10 cm e número total de folhas. Não houve efeito significativo da interação cultivares e ambientes, demonstrando que as cultivares tiveram comportamento similar em ambos os ambientes.This research was carried out in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil, from February to April, 2006. The performance of five lettuce cultivars (Pira Roxa, Belíssima, Locarno, Crespona Gigante and Verônica was evaluated, growing the plants in two environments (conventional and acclimatized greenhouse in hydroponic system NFT. A randomized-block experimental design was used for each environment, with three replications and five cultivars. The environments were compared through joint analysis. Evaluations were done for fresh and dry mater of the aboveground part, stem, and roots; number of leaves larger than 10 cm and total number of leaves. The cultivars Crespona Gigante and Verônica were prominent with regard to green and dry mass of the aboveground part, leaves, and roots, as well as to the number of leaves larger than 10 cm. The interaction cultivar x environment was not significant, demonstrating that the cultivars had similar behavior in both environments.
Genetic diversity assessed by microsatellite markers in sweet corn cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ana Daniela Lopes
2015-12-01
Full Text Available Information on genetic diversity is essential to the characterization and utilization of germplasm. The genetic diversity of twenty-two sweet corn cultivars (seventeen open-pollinated varieties, OPV, and five hybrids, H was investigated by applying simple sequence repeat markers. A total of 257 primers were tested, of which 160 were found to be usable in terms of high reproducibility for all the samples tested; 45 were polymorphic loci, of which 30 were used to assess the genetic diversity of sweet corn cultivars. We detected a total of 86 alleles using 30 microsatellite primers. The mean polymorphism was 82 %. The highest heterozygosity values (Ho = 0.20 were found in the PR030-Doce Flor da Serra and BR427 III OPVs, whereas the lowest values (0.14 were recorded in the MG161-Branco Doce and Doce Cubano OPVs. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.19 (Umc2319 to 0.71 (Umc2205. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that most of the genetic variability was concentrated within the cultivars of sweet corn (75 %, with less variability between them (25 %. The consensus tree derived from the neighbor-joining (NJ algorithm using 1,000 bootstrapping replicates revealed seven genetically different groups. Nei’s diversity values varied between 0.103 (Doce do Hawai × CNPH-1 cultivars and 0.645 (Amarelo Doce × Lili cultivars, indicating a narrow genetic basis. The Lili hybrid was the most distant cultivar, as revealed by Principal Coordinates Analysis and the NJ tree. This study on genetic diversity will be useful for planning future studies on sweet corn genetic resources and can complement the breeding programs for this crop.
Seed-storage Mycoflora of Peanut Cultivars Grown in Nigerian Savanna
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nwankiti, AO.
2003-01-01
Full Text Available Storage of peanut is increasingly becoming important both among growers and users of the crop in Nigerian savanna. The aim is to sell the produce and maximize benefits accruing from the crops during scarcity. Very often, these envisaged advantages fail due to unfavourable market forces, thus compelling them to sell at a loss or store them across seasons for periods ranging from one to two years. However, information on fungi associated with storage of such peanuts in Nigerian savanna and its attendant problems are yet to be investigated. Thus, the seed mycoflora and viability seven common peanut cultivars stored under conditions similar to traditional settings were investigated using different isolating techniques. The peanut cultivars were RMP 12, RMP 91, RRB, 48-115B, M554-76, 55-437 Ex-Dakar and a local cultivar. None of these cultivars possessed resistance to in vitro colonization by fungi. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus stolonifer were consistently isolated from all the cultivars from almost all isolating techniques. Other fungi were Fusarium chlamydosporium, F. roseum, F. oxysporium, Penicillium spp., Curvularia spp., Botryodiplodia theobromae, Macrophomina phaseolina and Sclerotium rolfsii. Relative percentages, however, varied with individual fungi and peanut cultivars. The test with seven different types of growth media gave the highest fungi recovery rate than the blotter paper technique. Seed viability was lower with peanut seeds stored for two years. Also, the relative percentage occurrence of individual fungi was significantly higher with seeds stored for two years. While we recommend the use of growth media for recovery and study of seed mycoflora, peanut seeds should not be stored for more than one year.
Glucosinolates, Carotenoids, and Vitamins E and K Variation from Selected Kale and Collard Cultivars
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Moo Jung Kim
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Glucosinolates, carotenoids, and fat-soluble vitamins E and K contents were analyzed from various kale and collard cultivars at mature stage. We found a significant difference in these phytonutrients among cultivars. Among kale cultivars, “Beira” and “Olympic Red” were the highest in the total glucosinolate and “Toscano” kale was the highest in total carotenoid content. “Scarlet” kale was highest in tocopherols. For collard, total glucosinolate was the highest in “Top Bunch” while carotenoids were the highest in “Green Glaze.” An accession PI261597 was the highest in phylloquinone. In addition to the total content of each phytonutrient class, their composition differed among cultivars, indicating that each cultivar may have differential regulatory mechanisms for biosynthesis of these phytonutrients. Our result indicates that cultivar selection may play an important role in consumption of kale and collard with greater nutritional benefit. Therefore, the result of this study will provide a more thorough profile of essential and nonessential phytonutrients of kale and collard cultivars for consumers’ choice and for future research on nutritional value of these crops.
Selection and hydroponic growth of bread wheat cultivars for bioregenerative life support systems
Page, V.; Feller, U.
2013-08-01
As part of the ESA-funded MELiSSA program, the suitability, the growth and the development of four bread wheat cultivars were investigated in hydroponic culture with the aim to incorporate such a cultivation system in an Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS). Wheat plants can fulfill three major functions in space: (a) fixation of CO2 and production of O2, (b) production of grains for human nutrition and (c) production of cleaned water after condensation of the water vapor released from the plants by transpiration. Four spring wheat cultivars (Aletsch, Fiorina, Greina and CH Rubli) were grown hydroponically and compared with respect to growth and grain maturation properties. The height of the plants, the culture duration from germination to harvest, the quantity of water used, the number of fertile and non-fertile tillers as well as the quantity and quality of the grains harvested were considered. Mature grains could be harvested after around 160 days depending on the varieties. It became evident that the nutrient supply is crucial in this context and strongly affects leaf senescence and grain maturation. After a first experiment, the culture conditions were improved for the second experiment (stepwise decrease of EC after flowering, pH adjusted twice a week, less plants per m2) leading to a more favorable harvest (higher grain yield and harvest index). Considerably less green tillers without mature grains were present at harvest time in experiment 2 than in experiment 1. The harvest index for dry matter (including roots) ranged from 0.13 to 0.35 in experiment 1 and from 0.23 to 0.41 in experiment 2 with modified culture conditions. The thousand-grain weight for the four varieties ranged from 30.4 to 36.7 g in experiment 1 and from 33.2 to 39.1 g in experiment 2, while market samples were in the range of 39.4-46.9 g. Calcium levels in grains of the hydroponically grown wheat were similar to those from field-grown wheat, while potassium, magnesium
Genetic Analysis of East Asian Grape Cultivars Suggests Hybridization with Wild Vitis.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nami Goto-Yamamoto
Full Text Available Koshu is a grape cultivar native to Japan and is one of the country's most important cultivars for wine making. Koshu and other oriental grape cultivars are widely believed to belong to the European domesticated grape species Vitis vinifera. To verify the domesticated origin of Koshu and four other cultivars widely grown in China and Japan, we genotyped 48 ancestry informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs and estimated wild and domesticated ancestry proportions. Our principal components analysis (PCA based ancestry estimation revealed that Koshu is 70% V. vinifera, and that the remaining 30% of its ancestry is most likely derived from wild East Asian Vitis species. Partial sequencing of chloroplast DNA suggests that Koshu's maternal line is derived from the Chinese wild species V. davidii or a closely related species. Our results suggest that many traditional East Asian grape cultivars such as Koshu were generated from hybridization events with wild grape species.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jocely Andreuccetti Maeda
1982-01-01
Full Text Available Avaliou-se a qualidade de sementes de quatro cultivares de sorgo granífero provenientes de três localidades, em diversas épocas de armazenamento, através de testes de germinação, primeira contagem e envelhecimento rápido. A germinação e o vigor, que aos dois meses de armazenamento se encontravam com valores relativamente baixos, tiveram grande variação com locais e cultivares, sendo melhores as sementes provenientes de Manduri e do híbrido Contibrasil 102.Seeds of four cultivars of sorghum (Contibrasil 102, DA E-57, Pioneer 8417 and TEY 101 produced at three localities (Campinas, Manduri, and Mococa, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, had their quality evaluated after different periods of storage. Germination, first count and rapid aging tests, were used for this purpose. Germination and vigor were already low after two months of storage, and variations were also noted in relation with locations and cultivars. Best results were obtained with seeds of the hybrid Contibrasil 102 produced in Manduri.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zailan, M.Z.
2016-12-01
Full Text Available Napier grass was first introduced to Malaysia in the 1920?s and there were many cultivars introduced in Malaysia since 1950?s. However, there is a need to have comparative evaluation of these Napier cultivars so that definite recommendations can be made in the choice and management of the respective cultivars. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the in vitro digestibility and gas production characteristic of four Napier (Pennisetum purpureum cultivars, namely Common, Silver, Red and Dwarf Napier. Common, Silver and Red Napier are classified as tall cultivars while Dwarf Napier is a short cultivar. Gas production was determined at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 32, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h of incubation period and its kinetics was described using the equation p = a + b (1 ? e?ct. Dwarf Napier had the highest (P 0.05 in the rate of gas production (C of Napier cultivars which ranged from 0.024 to 0.035 h-1. The metabolisable energy (ME was significantly higher in Dwarf and Red Napier cultivars (8.7 MJ/kg DM compared to Silver and Common Napier cultivars. The cumulative gas production within 32 h was highest (P0.05 ranged from 52 to 73 mM, 88 to 70%, 6.2 to 6.8%, respectively.. Dwarf Napier cultivar had superior nutritional quality. Dwarf and Red Napier cultivars could be classified as high quality grasses due to their high digestibility, gas production and degradation rates compared to the other cultivars. The low quality of Common and Silver Napier cultivars is mainly reflected by the extensive lignification of their cell wall structure.
Genetic variation within the olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivar Oblica ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
USER
2010-05-17
May 17, 2010 ... Oblica is the predominant olive cultivar in Croatia, spread widely in all the olive growing regions. Morphological variability within the cultivar is well documented but often it has been attributed to environmental factors rather than to genetic ones. In order to investigate intracultivar variability on the molecular ...
Genetic variation within the olive ( Olea europaea L. ) cultivar Oblica ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Oblica is the predominant olive cultivar in Croatia, spread widely in all the olive growing regions. Morphological variability within the cultivar is well documented but often it has been attributed to environmental factors rather than to genetic ones. In order to investigate intracultivar variability on the molecular level, olive ...
IPR CATUARA TM – new cultivar of high gluten wheat
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Carlos Roberto Riede
2015-03-01
Full Text Available The wheat cultivar IPR Catuara TM, obtained from a cross between the line LD 975 and the cultivar IPR 85, exhibits high gluten strength, which will allow the milling industry to supplement flours from wheats with weaker gluten strength, resulting in better quality products for the final consumer.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hart, J.J.; Norvell, W.A.; Welch, R.M.; Sullivan, L.A.; Kochian, L.V.
1998-01-01
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) cultivars exhibit lower Zn efficiency than comparable bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. To understand the physiological mechanism(s) that confers Zn efficiency, this study used 65Zn to investigate ionic Zn2+ root uptake, binding, and translocation to shoots in seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars. Time-dependent Zn2+ accumulation during 90 min was greater in roots of the bread wheat cultivar. Zn2+ cell wall binding was not different in the two cultivars. In each cultivar, concentration-dependent Zn2+ influx was characterized by a smooth, saturating curve, suggesting a carrier-mediated uptake system. At very low solution Zn2+ activities, Zn2+ uptake rates were higher in the bread wheat cultivar. As a result, the Michaelis constant for Zn2+ uptake was lower in the bread wheat cultivar (2.3 micromolar) than in the durum wheat cultivar (3.9 micromolar). Low temperature decreased the rate of Zn2+ influx, suggesting that metabolism plays a role in Zn2+ uptake. Ca inhibited Zn2+ uptake equally in both cultivars. Translocation of Zn to shoots was greater in the bread wheat cultivar, reflecting the higher root uptake rates. The study suggests that lower root Zn2+ uptake rates may contribute to reduced Zn efficiency in durum wheat varieties under Zn-limiting conditions
Cultivar and year-to-year variation of phytosterol content in rye (Secale cereale L.)
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Zangenberg, M.; Hansen, H.B.; Jørgensen, J.R.
2004-01-01
on phytosterol content in the different cultivars. The studied cultivars had all the lowest phytosterol contents in the dry and warm harvest season of 1999. Although there were statistically significant cultivar and year-to-year variations in the sterol composition (p
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adriana G Magalhães
2010-09-01
Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar cultivares de alface de folhas soltas lisas, submetidas a estresse osmótico em soluções nutritivas sob cultivo hidropônico. Foram realizados dois experimentos, cada um com uma condutividade elétrica (C.E. de 2,0 dS m-1 e 2,5 dS m-1. Os tratamentos foram as cultivares de alface Babá de Verão, Floresta, Luisa, Manoa, Regina 579, Saia Véia e Vitória Verdinha. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com três repetições. A colheita foi feita aos 45 dias após a semeadura. Nenhuma cultivar se destacou no conjunto das características avaliadas, embora a Manoa tenha apresentado o maior índice de queima de bordas das folhas, sem diferir estatisticamente da Saia Véia e Babá de Verão. As cultivares Regina 579 e Vitória Verdinha são as preferidas dos produtores hidropônico de Pernambuco, devido à falta de genótipos mais adaptados a essa modalidade de cultivo, e por apresentarem folhas lisas, levemente enrugadas e de textura macia.The aim of this work was to compare loose-leaf lettuce cultivars submitted to osmotic stress in nutrient solutions in hydroponic culture. Two experiments were carried out, with electric conductivity of 2.0 or 2.5 dS m-1. The treatments were the cultivars Babá de Verão, Floresta, Luisa, Manoa, Regina 579, Saia Véia, and Vitória Verdinha. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. Harvest was performed 45 days after sowing. None among the cultivars differed clearly on the characteristics evaluated. However, "Manoa" showed the highest rate of leaf-edge burning, without significant difference in comparison to "Saia Véia" and "Babá de Verão" for summer. The cultivars Regina 579 and Vitória Verdinha are preferred by the growers of hydroponic vegetables of Pernambuco, due to the lack of better genotypes for this type of cultivation and due to the presence of smooth slightly-wrinkled leaves with soft texture.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
O.M. Yamashita
2008-01-01
Full Text Available O agronegócio do algodão apresenta-se, no Brasil, como uma atividade de grande importância para a economia nacional, ocupando posição de destaque no processo produtivo do Estado do Mato Grosso. Para que a cultura possa expressar o máximo potencial produtivo, é necessária a adoção de técnicas de manejo e práticas agronômicas, visando o controle das plantas daninhas. A fim de que a lavoura se mantenha limpa e livre de matocompetição, o controle químico é o método mais utilizado. Os herbicidas registrados para algodão devem ser aplicados, quando do estabelecimento da cultura, em jato dirigido. O contato desses produtos, como o oxyfluorfen, nas folhas pode incorrer em fitointoxicação e prejuízos para o produtor. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi mensurar o potencial de danos provocados pelo oxyfluorfen, quando em contato com diferentes cultivares de algodoeiro em estádio inicial de desenvolvimento. Para isso, foram avaliados cinco cultivares, tratados com 90 e 180 g ha-1 do herbicida, aplicado em plantas com 15 e 30 dias de emergência. Quanto às variáveis analisadas (fitointoxicação, altura de planta, número de folhas, massa seca de planta, foi possível observar que não houve diferença entre cultivares e que as plantas menores foram mais afetadas que as mais velhas, havendo aumento dos danos à medida que as doses eram aumentadas.Cotton agribusiness is a very important economic activity in Brazil, occupying a prominent position in the productive process of the state of Mato Grosso. For cotton crop to express its maximum productive potential, it is necessary to adopt handling techniques and agronomic practices seeking the control of weeds. For farming to stay clean and free from weed competition, chemical control is the most frequently used method. The herbicides registered for cotton crop should be applied when the culture is established in driven jet. The contact of products, such as oxyfluorfen, on the leaves may
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Miroslav Šlosár
2018-02-01
Full Text Available The species Cucurbita pepo includes several types of squashes; in Slovak Republic, well-known and oftenly grown squash types are patisson, zucchini, spaghetti squash, oil pumpkin etc. Several interesting squash types of Cucurbita pepo are grown abroad, including Acorn squash which is well-known mainly in USA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the important quantitative (yield per hectare, average fruit weight and qualitative (total carotenoids, ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity, total soluble solids yield parameters of Acorn squash fruits in comparison with patisson which is typical squash type of Cucurbita pepo in Slovak Republic. The field trial was realised in Košice-Šaca in 2016. Within experiment, four cultivars of Acorn type pumpkin were tested (Thelma Sanders; Jet Set; Table Gold; Cream of The Crop. The patisson 'Orfeus' was used as a comparative cultivar for evaluation of individual parameters of Acorn type pumpkin cultivars. Matured pumpkin fruits were harvested on the 7th September 2016. From aspect of yield quantity, Acorn cultivars are appeared as very interesting squash type with good yield potential for growing. The highest yield of squash fruits was found in the cultivar 'Cream of The Crop' (17.8 t.ha-1. In mentioned Acorn cultivar, the yield was higher about 87.4% compared to the tested patisson cultivar 'Orfeus' (9.5 t.ha-1. On the contrary, the average weight of squash fruits was reached in patisson cultivar 'Orfeus' (780.7 g. The qualitative parameters of fruits were expressively influenced by squash cultivar. The content of total carotenoids, ascorbic acid and total soluble solids was markedly higher in all Acorn cultivars, compared to the patisson cultivar 'Orfeus'. The highest content of total carotenoids (26.74 mg.kg-1 fresh weight and ascorbic acid (238.79 mg.kg-1 f. w. was found in the squash cultivar 'Table Gold'. The highest content of total soluble solids was determined in the cultivar 'Jet Set' (3.8