Subsurface displacement of the Tachikawa fault; Tachikawa danso no chika shinbu ni okeru danso hen`i

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamaguchi, K; Kano, N; Kiguchi, T; Tanaka, A [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Sato, H [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Earthquake Research Institute

1997-10-22

Seismic exploration using the reflection method was carried out at the central section of the Tachikawa fault located in the western part of the Musashino high plain spreading over Tokyo and Saitama Prefectures. The course of traverse was set on a road running in the east to west direction, which crosses the running direction of the Tachikawa fault in Sunagawa, Tachikawa City by about 65 degrees. The area near the course of traverse is a terraced alluvial fan, with the nature of its surface soil consisted of a gravelly bed of the Quaternary period. In order to identify the fault structure in detail, the focal point interval was set to 5 m, being half of the vibration receiving point interval of 10 m. The CMP was defined at a 2.5-m interval rather than a 5-m interval. The S/N ratio of the derived data was found not good. This is because of scattering of seismic energy into the gravelly bed with a thickness of about 100m in the shallow portion and because of noise from passing vehicles. The data processing was applied with correlation, geometry, static correction, velocity analysis and CMP polymerization to have prepared a preliminary CMP polymerization time cross section. As a result, it was elucidated that the Tachikawa fault forms a bend zone or a crush zone under the ground, and continues down to a great depth at a high angle. 9 refs., 3 figs.

Effect of earthquake and faulting on the hydrological environment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abe, Hironobu [Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Inst., Toki, Gifu (Japan). Tono Geoscience Center; Sakai, Ryutaro

1999-12-01

The effects of earthquakes and active faults on the geological environment have been studied at the Tono Geoscience Center. The Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake (January 17, 1995; M7.2) in Kobe and Awaji island caused significant changes in hydrology, involving a large amount of groundwater discharge in low-lying land and drastic water-table lowering (during only about 2-4 months) in elevated land near the epicenter. Simulation of the groundwater behavior in the vicinity of the Nojima fault was analysed to evaluate permeability enhancements. Calculated values such as water level changes were matched in a time series with the hydrological observed data in order to optimize this simulation model. Results indicate that the increase of hydraulic conductivity (5 x 10{sup -3} cm/s in weathered granitic rocks) and 1 x 10{sup -5} cm/s in fresh granitic rocks would produce a lowering of the water level at EL 180 m, and increase of discharge at less than EL 100 m, within four months after the earthquake. The study also suggested that the change in the hydraulic conductivity in the Nojima fault could not depend on the change in geological hydrology. (author)

On the fault system and basement structure in and around the epicentral region of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake; 1995 nen Hyogoken nanbu jishin shingen shuhen no danso kiso kozo ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yokokura, T; Kano, N; Yamaguchi, K; Miyazaki, T [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Ikawa, T; Ota, Y; Kawanaka, T [Japex Jeoscience Institute, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-05-01

A reflection elastic wave seismic survey was carried out as part of the emergency survey of active faults in relation with the Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake. This paper presents an interim report on the survey covering a wide area with deep structure as the survey object. The paper mentions that processing the survey data has been nearly completed, and is in the stage of making analyses and interpretations of the result of the processing, and that the survey was an attempt of making a unified survey over land areas, shallow sea areas, and seas by setting twelve traverse lines in and around the epicenter region. The paper also introduces briefly what has been found on hypocenters used, vibration receivers, vibration intervals, and CPD intervals, and on shapes of faults, particularly the continuity (the relationship of the Ashiya fault, Koyo fault and Osaka bay fault with the above two faults, branching of the Osaka bay fault, faults between the Wada promontory fault, Awaji Island and the Osaka bay fault, the fault off the east coast at the central part of Awaji Island, the Shichiku fault on the west coast of Awaji Island, and the basement fault). Mention is given also on the basement structure chart of the Osaka bay prepared preliminarily for the purpose of reference. 2 figs.

Faults survey by 3D reflection seismics; Sanjigen hanshaho jishin tansa ni yoru danso chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsuchiya, T; Ejiri, T; Yamada, N; Narita, N; Aso, H; Takano, H; Matsumura, M [Dia Consultants Company, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-01

This paper describes fault survey by 3D seismic reflection exploration. Survey has been conducted mainly at flat land area without pavement not in urban area in Japan. Subsurface structure is complicated with intersecting multiple faults. In this area, a lot of geological investigations have been done prior to the seismic reflection exploration. Fairly certain images of faults have been obtained. However, there were still unknown structures. Survey was conducted at an area of 170m{times}280m in the CDP range. Measurements were carried out by using 100 g of dynamite per seismic generation point combined with 40 Hz velocity geophones. Fixed distribution consisting of lattice points of 12{times}12 was adopted as an observation method. In and around the lattice, a great number of explosions were carried out. The CDP stacking method and the method of migration after stacking were used for the data processing. The 3D structures of six horizons and five faults could be interpreted. Interpreted horizons were well agreed with the logging results. 3 figs.

Array TDEM survey at the Yufuin fault; Yufuin danso ni okeru array shiki TDEM tansa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mogi, T [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Tanaka, Y; Fukuda, Y [Kyoto University, Kyoto (Japan). Faculty of Science; Jomori, N [Chiba Electric Research Institute Co., Chiba (Japan)

1996-10-01

The array arrangement of receivers was studied to improve the resolution of LOTEM (long offset transient electromagnetics) survey. To eliminate the effect of underground structure from a source to a receiving point, continuous array arrangement from a source site is desirable. The survey at the Yufuin fault was carried out by arranging TEM receivers at intervals of 100m from the source. Since the synchronization between transmitting and receiving points by high-precision clock is essential, an amplifier for a flux gate magnetometer capable of measuring at four points at the same time was used. In the south plateau of the Yufuin basin, a relatively high resistivity stratum more than several tens ohm m exists at depth less than several hundreds meter, and a low resistivity stratum less than 10 ohm m exists under that. Those boundary depth increases toward the north up to 950m, and the depth subsequently decreases toward the north until the low resistivity stratum disappears. In addition, the uniform stratum of 1000m deep continues toward the north. Such precise resistivity structure around the fault was obtained by dense arrangement of measuring points. 4 refs., 7 figs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1998. Optical tomographic system; 1998 nendo seika hokokusho. Hikari danso imaging system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-05-01

Evaluations were given on spatial resolution and measurement time of an optical tomographic system by using the developed 64-channel time-resolved spectroscopy and an image reconstruction algorithm. With respect to the spatial resolution, the target value of 1 cm was verified from tomographic images of a phantom with a diameter of 10cm, simulating a neonate. The measurement time achieved 20 minutes, being one third of the target value. In installing the equipment at Hokkaido University, speeds of the optical switches and attenuators were increased to have reduced the measurement time to one minute. For installation at Kanagawa Rehabilitation Center, development has been made on a nano-second light pulser, whose average beam quantity has been increased to 40 times, and improvement has been given on the optical switches, the attenuators, and the indication software, by which the measurement time was decreased further by 30 seconds than that at Hokkaido University. In performing the clinical evaluation, the evaluation protocol resolved by the Experiment Evaluation Special Committee was submitted for deliberation at the Medical Welfare Device Clinical Evaluation Committee. Upon having been authorized by the Committee, the clinical evaluations were performed at Hokkaido University and the Kanagawa Rehabilitation Center. (NEDO)

Fault structure analysis by means of large deformation simulator; Daihenkei simulator ni yoru danso kozo kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murakami, Y.; Shi, B. [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Matsushima, J. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1997-05-27

Large deformation of the crust is generated by relatively large displacement of the mediums on both sides along a fault. In the conventional finite element method, faults are dealt with by special elements which are called joint elements, but joint elements, elements microscopic in width, generate numerical instability if large shear displacement is given. Therefore, by introducing the master slave (MO) method used for contact analysis in the metal processing field, developed was a large deformation simulator for analyzing diastrophism including large displacement along the fault. Analysis examples were shown in case the upper basement and lower basement were relatively dislocated with the fault as a boundary. The bottom surface and right end boundary of the lower basement are fixed boundaries. The left end boundary of the lower basement is fixed, and to the left end boundary of the upper basement, the horizontal speed, 3{times}10{sup -7}m/s, was given. In accordance with the horizontal movement of the upper basement, the boundary surface largely deformed. Stress is almost at right angles at the boundary surface. As to the analysis of faults by the MO method, it has been used for a single simple fault, but should be spread to lots of faults in the future. 13 refs., 2 figs.

Fault analysis in the very shallow seismic reflection method; Gokusenso jishin hanshaho ni okeru danso kaiseki. 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nagumo, S; Muraoka, S; Kaida, Y; Takahashi, T [OYO Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-01

To effectively use the very shallow seismic reflection for active fault survey, a method has been investigated by which fault structures can be appropriately reconstructed from the fault information detected in the original records. The first step of reconstructing the fault system from the travel time reflection curve was to grasp an outline of fault structure from the patterns of travel time curve observed in the original record. For the very shallow seismic reflection method, especially, the low velocity layers in a shallow part succeeding from the ground surface made the issue complicated. Then, the travel time reflection curves were calculated in the case of existing several horizontal reflection surfaces in the surface layer. The constant values, mean velocities to the depth at individual reflection surfaces were used for the approximation of velocities. The outline of fault structure was grasped from the observation of original record. Then, the structure was reconstructed from the travel time curves. When the mean velocity in the medium was known, reconstruction of the feature of reflection surfaces from the travel time curves could be determined by simple mapping. When the mean velocity was unknown, it was calculated using the reciprocal travel time from the common reflection surface for individual reflection surfaces. 7 figs.

Fault analysis in the very shallow seismic reflection method. 2; Gokusenso hanshaho ni okeru danso kaiseki. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nagumo, S; Muraoka, S; Takahashi, T [Oyo Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-05-27

Fault analysis is required in addition to the ordinary process of structural analysis (CDP stacking) for the examination of discontinuity in the reflection horizon in question. The fault shape restoration principle is that the reflection point of a reflection wave observed at a certain receiving point is on an ellipse with the shock point and receiving point at its focal points and that the sum of the distances between the reflection point and the focal points is equal to the reflection wave propagation time. The DMO velocity is worked out by calculation using the positive travel time and inverse travel time from the common reflection surface. When the reflection surface is inclined by {theta}, the average interval velocity/cos{theta} is called the DMO velocity. When the reflection surface inclination and the average interval velocities are determined separately in this way, the position of the reflection point may be worked out, and this enables the calculation of the amount of migration (lateral movement). The reflection wave lineups carried by the original record are picked up one by one, and the average interval velocities are treated very prudently. After such a basic DMO conversion treatment, the actualities of the fault are described fairly correctly. 3 figs.

Seismic reflection survey of the Uemachi fault in Osaka Prefecture; Osaka Uemachi danso no hanshaho danseiha tansa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugiyama, Y [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Yoshizawa, M; Hirooka, S [Nikko Exploration and Development Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Yokota, H; Ito, S [Hanshin Consultant Co., Osaka (Japan); Hayashi, K; Aizawa, H

1997-05-27

Reflection survey is conducted using three traverse lines in Sakai City for confirming the presence of a southward stretch of the Uemachi fault underground along the western periphery of the Uemachi terrace, Osaka, and for elucidating its connection to the Sakamoto fault distributed near Izumi. Another reflection survey is conducted in the bed of Kanzaki river, Osaka, for the confirmation of its connection to the Nembutsuji-zan fault in Senri hillock. It is estimated on the basis of boring data that there exists another flexural structure approximately 3km south of the flexural structure whose presence is confirmed by the Sakai second traverse line. Accordingly, possibilities are high that the southward stretch of the Uemachi fault connects to the Sakamoto fault. The confirmation by the Kanzaki river traverse line of the flexural structure again confirms the continuity between the Uemachi fault and Nembutsuji-zan fault. The above-said findings enable an inference that the three faults of Nembutsuji-zan, Uemachi, and Sakamoto constitute a chain of active faults. Furthermore, there exists an active fault to the south of the Sakamoto fault, which zigzags to the south on the right-hand side as far as the south of the Kumeda pond. Accordingly, the Uemachi fault system as a whole spans approximately 43km from the northern end of the Nembutsuji-zan fault as far as the south of the Kumeda pond. 5 refs., 6 figs.

Aircraft and ancillary materials. 2. ; Engine materials. Kokuki to sono shuhen zairyo. 2. ; Engine zairyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1993-04-05

This paper summarizes materials for aircraft engines. Jet engines are the mainstream today, which are classified according to their operation process into a turbo jet engine, a turbo prop engine, a turbo shaft engine, and a turbo fan engine. Japan has produced 1543 engines in the past decade, almost all of which are supplied to the Defense Agency. Jet engines use mainly Ni-group heat-resistant alloys, titanium alloys and steels. Improvement of engine efficiency has caused turbine inlet temperatures to rise to 1400[degree]C to 1500[degree]C that give rise to grain boundary cracking. To prevent this, discussions are in progress on monocrystal blades replacing the conventional polycrystal precision casts. Intermetallic compounds including Al/Ti are expected especially of use as jet engine constructing materials from their high melting point and formability. Discussions are preceding on ceramics as to coating them intended of improving heat resistance. Composite materials have a problem of insufficient mechanical strength remaining unsolved. 8 figs., 5 tabs.

Application of vector CSAMT for the imaging of an active fault; CSAMT ho ni yoru danso no imaging

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kobayashi, T; Fukuoka, K [Oyo Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-05-27

With an objective to identify three-dimensionally resistivity in deep fault in the Mizunawa fault in Fukuoka Prefecture, a measurement was carried out by using the CSAMT method. The measurement was conducted by arranging seven traverse lines, each line having observation points installed at intervals of about 500 m. Among the 68 observation points in total, 33 points performed the vector measurement, and the remaining points the scaler measurement. For observation points having performed the vector measurement, polarized wave eclipses were depicted in the electric field to discuss which direction the current will prevail in. For analyses, a one-dimensional analysis was performed by using an inversion with smoothing restriction, and a two-dimensional analysis was conducted by using the finite element method based on the result of the former analysis. The vector measurement revealed that the structure in the vicinity of a fault was estimated to have become complex, and the two-dimensional analysis discovered that the Mizunawa fault is located on a relatively clear resistivity boundary. In addition, it was made clear that the high resistivity band may even be divided into two regions of about 200 ohm-m and about 1000 ohm-m. 2 refs., 7 figs.

Interactions between wall rocks around magma and hot water. Magma shuhen no hekigan/nessui sogo sayo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fujimoto, K.

1992-12-01

This paper describes interactions between wall rocks around magma and hot water. The paper discusses effects of hydrothermal environments on dynamic properties of rock minerals with respect to hydrolytic weakening (decrease in dynamic strength of a mineral under presence of water) and reaction enhanced deformation (deformation accelerated by chemical change occurring in a mineral itself). It also explains chemical reactivity of minerals under hydrothermal enviroments with respect to four types of chemical changes in minerals, factors governing mineral dissolution rates, and importance of equilibrium and non-equilibrium in main components in reactions between minerals and waters. These statements quote mainly results of indoor experiments. The paper indicates the following matters as problems to be discussed on interactions between wall rocks around intrusive rocks and hot waters: Deviation from chemical equilibrium in reactions between rocks and waters; change in permeability as a result of reactions between rocks and waters; and possibilities of hydrolytic weakening in rocks around intrusive rock bodies. 52 refs., 6 figs.

The effect of technological changes on unemployment in the beverage sector of the South African economy / A.K. Danso

OpenAIRE

Danso, Alex Kwame

2007-01-01

The ability of the South African economy to absorb labour has been declining since the 1960's, with the manufacturing sector employment declining since 1990. The decline in manufacturing jobs flies in the face of increased output of the sector. This trend is attributed to the application of technology and sophisticated equipments in the manufacturing process leading to a loss of jobs, particularly for unskilled labour. Unemployment in South Africa has become one of the biggest ...

Research and development of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power systems. Development of inverter technology for photovoltaic (PV) system which is connected to the utility grid; Shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Fukusu kino tan`itsuka shuhen sochi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on development of integrated multifunctional peripheral equipment in fiscal 1994. (1) On development of inverters with no transformer, the following study results were obtained. Converter efficiency reached the target of 95.0% by using an improved general purpose IGBT as switching element of main circuit. Distortion factor of output current harmonics achieved 5% in total current distortion factor, and less than 3% in each order harmonic current one. In control of the DC part of output current, the target less than 0.3% was achieved by inserting a capacitor into detection signal circuit and by detection/correction control of current detector offset. Detection level of 100mA was achieved for DC grounding detection by installing a DC grounding detector in the DC input side of inverters. VCCI 1 level was also achieved for EMI measurement. (2) On development of integrated multifunctional peripheral equipment, evaluation test of the prototype equipment of 0.025m{sup 3} in volume and 17kg in mass was carried out. 3 figs., 1 tab.

Fault analysis in the very shallow seismic reflection method. Part 3. Migration; Gokusenso hanshaho ni okeru danso kaiseki. 3. Migration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nagumo, S; Muraoka, S; Takahashi, T [OYO Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-22

Concerning the analysis of data obtained by the seismic reflection method, migration in the very shallow layer is discussed. When the dip angle of the reflection plane involved is disclosed by DMO conversion, the amount of migration (travelling sideways) can be calculated by use of simple geometrical formulas though on the presumption that the sector velocity is constant. Categorized into this technique are such methods as DMO conversion migration, direct dip migration, F-K method, and finite difference method. This means that waveforms are not damaged by migration processing although elongation occurs due to time base conversion. When it is taken into account that waveform distortion is generally grave in the migration related methods widely in use, this feature has to be said valuable in holding information on faults. This is especially advantageous in the very shallow layer because the amount of migration is proportionally larger when the level is deeper and, in addition, migration processing is useful when it is necessary to know more accurately the character of the fault plane. 8 figs.

Simulation of fault-bend fold by incompressible Newtonian fluid; Hiasshukusei Newton ryutai ni yoru danso oremagari shukyoku kozo no simulation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tamagawa, T; Matsuoka, T [Japan Petroleum Exploration Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Tsukui, R [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1997-10-22

Incompressible Newtonian fluid simulation is experimentally applied to faults typical of the compression and extension fields. A fault-bend folding structure of the flat-ramp flat fault in the compression field and a folding structure of a normal fault in the extension field are studied, and the results are compared with those obtained by the balanced cross section method. The result of calculation indicates that the velocity gradient with the ramp angle set at 30deg is correspondent to stress and that stress concentration is taking place at the ramp section of the fault. This solution is an approximation and does not necessary support the conservation of area but, when the ramp angle is allowed to change from 10 through 40deg, it is found that the conservation of area holds though roughly. It is found that the configuration of the folding structure formed by a flat-ramp flat fault is positioned between the anomalous-mode layer parallel shear typical of a balanced cross section and the folding structure formed by a vertical shear. 7 refs., 7 figs.

Survey on peripheral techniques of brown coal liquefaction techniques; Kattan ekika gijutsu ni kansuru shuhen gijutsu no chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1980-09-01

Described herein are results of survey on brown coal liquefaction techniques and peripheral techniques, centered by COSTEAM process under development in USA, solubilization by alcohol and liquefaction and cracking with the aid of tetrahydroquinoline as the hydrogen donor under development in Japan, and low-temperature carbonization and new promising techniques. The COSTEAM process shows higher reaction rates, conversions and oil yields for brown coal liquefaction than the one using hydrogen gas. Some of the problems involved in this process high viscosity and oxygenated compound content of the product oil. The product oil is acceptable as fuel for power generating plants and can be produced at a moderate cost, but may be unsuitable as vehicle fuel. Coal liquefaction and solubilization processes are mainly represented by those which use hydrogen. The hydrogen cost, which is high, determines the product price. The processes which use alcohol or tetrahydroquinoline are still in the experimental stage. (NEDO)

Porosity determination of damaged fault zones and role of rock state on fluid flow during fluid rock interactions. Mineralogy, porosity structures and mechanical properties; Determination de la porosite des zones endommagees autour des failles et role de l'etat du materiau sur les proprietes d'echange fluides-roches: Mineralogie, structures de porosite, caracteristiques mecaniques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Surma, F.

2003-07-01

Fault zone structure is characterized by a fault core (gouge, cataclasite, mylonite), a damage zone (small faults, fractures, veins fold) and a proto-lith. We can clearly describe these structures in the Soultz-sous-Forets granite (HDR Project, France) and in the Nojima Fault zone (Kobe, Japan). This work shows us that the structures are the same ones in the two sites in spite of their different deformation mode one in extension and the other in compression. We propose, starting from the petrographic observations, a study of porosity and physical properties, a fluid flow model in a altered and fractured granite, taking into account the evolution of the fluid pressure and the processes of dissolution-precipitation during an earthquake. In the case of extension, the inter-seismic period is associated to an opening of the fractures in the fault damaged zone and an increase in porosity due to the rock alteration. During the earthquake, the fractures are closed and the fluid is expelled. In the case of compression, the inter-seismic period is associated to the closing of the fractures in the matrix and the expulsion of the fluids towards the fault whereas curing the earthquake the fractures open because of the fluid pressure increase. Thus, there is a constant competition between the processes which enhance permeability and those which tend to reduce it. These processes (stresses, mineral precipitation, fluid pressure variation... etc) are the same ones in the various contexts, but they do not interfere at the same time during an earthquake. (author)

Extension of the Fukaya fault and deep structure of the Konan terrace; Fukaya danso no encho to Konan daichi no chika kozo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamaguchi, K; Kano, N; Yokokura, T; Kiguchi, T; Yokota, T; Tanaka, A [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Sato, H [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Earthquake Research Institute

1997-10-22

With an objective to elucidate the relationship between the central tectonic line in the Kanto area and the active faults appearing in topography, seismic exploration using the reflection method has been carried out. The course of traverse was set in the south west to north east direction starting from the north east part of the Kanto mountainous area to the Menuma lowland passing through the Konan high plain. The line crosses nearly perpendicularly the direction in which the general beds in this area run. A 400-kg weight was used as a vibration source in the western half of the course of travel, and the MinivibT15000 (made by IVI Corporation) in the eastern half. Considerations given based on the preliminary CMP polymerization time cross section may be summarized as follows: the Fukaya fault cannot be tracked topographically further to the south east side than Mikejiri in Kumagaya City, but the reflection face from CMP 2050 to about 2100 shows an inclined bed on the south west side and a horizontal bed on the north east side; judging from change in the inclination in the beds, the Fukaya fault is thought to extend to the south east direction; the location of inclination change on the cross section turns to the south west side as the depth increases; and, if this is regarded as the fault face, the Fukaya fault could be said an inverse fault. 5 refs., 2 figs.

{Gamma}-ray prospecting of major faults of Miocene basins; Chushinto taisekibon no keisei ni kakawaru danso wo taisho to shita hoshano tansa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iwata, A. [Shimada Technical Consultants, Ltd., Shimane (Japan); Yamauchi, S.; Adachi, K. [Shimane University, Shimane (Japan); Yoon, S.; Kil, R, [Pusan National University, Pusan (Korea, Republic of)

1997-05-27

The Masuda basin in the western edge of Shimane Prefecture and the Pohang basin in the southern part of the east cost of Korea had been formed in the middle of Miocene epoch of Neogene period, and show similarity in their geology and structure. A gamma-ray prospecting was carried out on major faults that have had been involved in forming these basins. A portable gamma-ray analysis device, model 8630 made by Clearpulse Corporation was used for the measurement. Emanation of radon and its migration are known generally, whereas rise in radon is recognized above crevices with deep opening trend. The present faults having been involved in forming the basins are thought to have large falls in positive faults and often accompany crevices with opening trend. This estimation is thought endorsed by the result of the present prospecting. In addition, such faults may often form geological boundaries, and the present survey has had geological division made easily with total gamma-ray. A gamma-ray exploration using both of the spectrum method and the total count method is a process sufficiently utilizable in geological surveys on structures in peripheries of sedimentary basins. 6 refs., 7 figs.

Fiscal 1975 Sunshine Project research report. General research on hydrogen energy subsystems and their peripheral technologies (Research on peripheral technologies around hydrogen); 1975 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Suiso no shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1976-03-01

This report summarizes the fiscal 1975 research result on peripheral and seed technologies for hydrogen energy systems. Chapter 1 'Evaluation method for thermochemical techniques' reports critical study on qualitative evaluation method, estimation method for thermal efficiencies, and trial cost calculation example. Chapter 2 'Current state and problems of water electrolysis and hybrid technique composed of electrolysis and thermochemical technique' reports general survey on current water electrolysis and new technologies under development to clarify possible electrolytic voltage drop, from the practical viewpoint. Chapter 3 'Use of a high- temperature gas cooling reactor for hydrogen production' reports survey on the current and future reactors, and characteristics of such nuclear reactors, from the viewpoint that study on thermochemical technique is dependent on use of a high-temperature gas cooling reactor. Chapter 4 'Hydrogen transport and storage technology using organic compounds including oxygen' reports that acetone-isopropanol system is better for hydrogen storage. Chapter 5 'Water electrolysis using photo-semiconducting electrode' reports the additional survey. (NEDO)

Results of geophysical survey on Hanaore-fault in the Kyoto urban area; Butsuri tansa ni yoru Kyoto shigaichi ni okeru Hanaore danso chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoshioka, T. [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Echigo, T. [Osaka Soil Test, Osaka (Japan); Toshioka, T.; Matsubara, Y. [Oyo Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-05-27

This paper reports results of gravity survey and seismic survey using the shallow bed reflection method to identify distribution of the Hanaore fault in the Kyoto urban area. In the gravity survey, level differential structure caused by the fault was identified as an abrupt change in Bouger anomalous values. The continuity therefrom made the estimation possible on existence and positions of such faults as the Hanaore fault belonging to the Hanaore fault system, the Shishigaya fault, the Kaguraoka fault, and the Okazaki fault. The estimation as a result of the gravity survey include the following findings: the Hanaore fault runs from south of the Yoshidayama in the south-north direction; the distribution of the Okazaki fault has a level differential structure falling on the east side; the structure shows low Bouger anomaly distribution; and this area forms a rift valley belt. In the seismic survey using the shallow bed reflection method, no distinct reflection plane considered as the basement was verified because of influence from urban area noise. However, it was possible to estimate such an underground structure as a monoclinal fold from shapes of the reflection plane and the distribution depths. 7 refs., 5 figs.

Magnetic insights on seismogenic processes from scientific drilling of fault

Science.gov (United States)

Ferre, E. C.; Chou, Y. M.; Aubourg, C. T.; Li, H.; Doan, M. L.; Townend, J.; Sutherland, R.; Toy, V.

2017-12-01

Modern investigations through scientific drilling of recently seismogenic faults have provided remarkable insights on the physics of rupture processes. Following devastating earthquakes, several drilling programs focused since 1995 on the Nojima, Chelungpu, San Andreas, Wenchuan, Nankai Trough, Japan Trench and New Zealand Alpine faults. While these efforts were all crowned with success largely due to the multidisciplinarity of investigations, valuable insights were gained from rock magnetism and paleomagnetism and deserve to be highlighted. Continuous logging of magnetic properties allows detection of mineralogical and chemical changes in the host rock and fault zone particularly in slip zones, whether these are caused by frictional melting, elevation of temperature, ultracataclasis, or post-seismic fluid rock interaction. Further magnetic experiments on discrete samples including magnetic susceptibility, natural remanent magnetization, hysteresis properties, isothermal remanent magnetization acquisition and first order reversal curves, provide additional constrains on the nature, concentration and grain size of magnetic carriers. These experiments typically also inform on magnetization processes by thermal, chemical, or electrical mechanisms. Magnetic fabrics are generally not investigated on fault rocks from drill cores primarily in an effort to conserve the recovered core. However, recent methodological developments now would allow chemically non-destructive anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements to be performed on small 3.5 mm cubes. The mini-AMS method could provide crucial information on the kinematics of frictional melts produced during recent or ancient earthquakes and therefore would constrain the corresponding focal mechanisms. Finally, demagnetization experiments of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) are one of the most powerful items in the magnetic toolkit because they provide chronological constrains on magnetization processes

Self-potential monitoring around wells in Mutnovsky geothermal field, Kamchatka; Kamchatka hanto mutnovsky deno chinetsui shuhen no shizen den`i monitoring

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsushima, N.; Tosha, T.; Ishito, K. [Geological Survey of Japan Ibaragi (Japan); Delemen, I.; Kiryukhin, A. [Institute of Volcanology Far East Branch Russia Academy of Sciences (Russia)

1997-07-01

Mutnovsky is a geothermal field which lies to the south of and about 80km away from Petropavlovsk, Kamchatsky, the state capital of Kamchatka. The geothermal survey has been conducted since 1978 in this field. In this study, the self-potential variation was observed by monitoring the potential difference between places near and far from a well in the same region. Then, the self-potential associated with spurting vapor from a well was analyzed using a model of the self-potential generated from the steaming current coupled with the flow of hot water in the porous medium. As results of an experiment on the spurt of stream, vapor containing 80% stream in weight was exhausted at a mass flow rate of 30kg/sec at 100degC from wells. Since the specific enthalpy of this vapor is 2225kJ/kg, the underground geothermal storage layer was estimated to be a state of liquid and vapor two-phase. 9 refs., 6 figs.

Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of lung invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma based on computed tomography findings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shimizu K

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Katsuhiko Shimizu, Riki Okita, Shinsuke Saisho, Ai Maeda, Yuji Nojima, Masao Nakata Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan Background: We performed an analysis to clarify differences in clinicopathological and molecular features of lung invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA based on computed tomography (CT findings and their impact on prognosis.Patients and methods: On the basis of CT findings, we divided lung IMA into three subtypes: solid, bubbling, and pneumonic. We then investigated differences in clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, and the expressions of well-identified biomarkers, including cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2, excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1, ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1, class III beta-tubulin, thymidylate synthase (TS, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC, programmed cell death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1, and epidermal growth factor receptor mutation, among the three subtypes.Results: A total of 29 patients with resected lung IMA were analyzed. Compared with the solid or bubbling type, the pneumonic type had a higher proportion of symptoms, a larger tumor size, a higher pathological stage, and a significantly worse prognosis. The immunohistochemical findings tended to show high expression of RRM1, class III beta-tubulin, and Cox-2 in the tumor and of SPARC in the stroma, but not of ERCC1, TS, and PD-L1 in the tumor. None of the biomarkers with high expression levels in the tumor were prognostic biomarkers, but the expression of SPARC in the stroma was correlated with a poor outcome.Conclusion: Clinical and pathological features, in conjunction with molecular data, indicate that IMA should be divided into different subgroups. In our results, the pneumonic type was correlated with a significantly worse outcome. Further studies should be performed to confirm our conclusion and to explore its molecular implications. Keywords: non-small cell

FY 1974 report on the results of the Sunshine Project. Comprehensive study of hydrogen use subsystem and study on the periphery technology (Study on the periphery technology of hydrogen); 1974 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Suiso no shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-01

This is aimed at making an investigational study on the periphery technology and sprouting technology of the hydrogen energy system. In Volume 1, 'Technology of hydrogen production,' as to the hydrogen production, the paper summed up the expected technical subjects on the electrolysis method and thermochemical method. The paper further included the survey of the direct pyrolysis method and the hydrogen production method using solar energy. Concerning the latter, in Volume 2, the light electrode reaction was theoretically developed, and samples of various hybrid methods were concretely studied. In relation to subjects on hydrogen and materials, in Volume 3, the results were described of the investigation into the hydrogen behavior in metal which is the most basic field of the subjects. About the storage method which is important as periphery technology, the study was made of the methods which can be expected but liquefied hydrogen and metal hydride which are now under research and development. In the last volume, as a part of the work to review the hydrogen energy system from a wider viewpoint, the basic study was additionally made in comparison with the system using coal. (NEDO)

FY 1974 report on the results of the Sunshine Project. Comprehensive study of hydrogen use subsystem and study on the periphery technology (Study on the periphery technology of hydrogen); 1974 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Suiso no shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-01

This is aimed at making an investigational study on the periphery technology and sprouting technology of the hydrogen energy system. In Volume 1, 'Technology of hydrogen production,' as to the hydrogen production, the paper summed up the expected technical subjects on the electrolysis method and thermochemical method. The paper further included the survey of the direct pyrolysis method and the hydrogen production method using solar energy. Concerning the latter, in Volume 2, the light electrode reaction was theoretically developed, and samples of various hybrid methods were concretely studied. In relation to subjects on hydrogen and materials, in Volume 3, the results were described of the investigation into the hydrogen behavior in metal which is the most basic field of the subjects. About the storage method which is important as periphery technology, the study was made of the methods which can be expected but liquefied hydrogen and metal hydride which are now under research and development. In the last volume, as a part of the work to review the hydrogen energy system from a wider viewpoint, the basic study was additionally made in comparison with the system using coal. (NEDO)

Acoustic surveys of the southern extension of the Tomikawa fault off Kamiiso in Hakodate bay, southwest Hokkaido; Hakodatewan Kamiisooki ni okeru Tomikawa danso enchobu no onpa tansa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Uchida, Y; Sagayama, T; Osawa, M; Hamada, S; Suga, [Hokkaido Geological Survey, Sapporo (Japan)

1997-10-22

With an objective to identify extension into sea area of the Tomikawa fault in southwest Hokkaido, an acoustic survey was carried out off Kamiiso in Hakodate Bay. Using a sound wave exploring machine transmitting frequencies from 5.5 to 8.5 kHz, the acoustic survey was conducted on a workboat cruising at speeds of 4 to 6 knots. The courses of traverse were set on the sea area off from Kamiiso Tomikawa Town to Moheji Town based on the sediment distribution map and the geological map. A total of 17 courses were set: 16 in the east to west direction so as to cross the extension of active faults on the land, and one in the south to north direction. The east-west courses had a length of about 2 km with the line interval of about 300 m, while the south-north course extended nearly parallel with the coast line over a distance of 4.8 km. As a result of the present investigation, verification was given on existence of boundary faces with different sediment structures and displacement falling eastward on several courses of traverse running from east to west. If the locations of these boundary faces are connected, its strike agrees well with the strike of the Tomikawa fault on the land. From the fact that its extension is linked to the end section of the fault, a possibility was shown that the land fault may be extending into the sea area. 8 refs., 4 figs.

Achievement report on research and development in the Sunshine Project in fiscal 1976. Comprehensive discussion on a hydrogen utilizing subsystem and research on peripheral technologies (Research on peripheral technologies for hydrogen); 1976 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Suiso no shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-03-01

This paper describes research on peripheral technologies for hydrogen. For the cost of manufacturing hydrogen from different primary energies, coal gasification could be the lowest at the present time. In the nuclear power field, the thermo-chemical method and the water electrolysing method may be assumed, but they depend greatly on future technological development. Particularly the water electrolysing method is dependent on electric power cost. In the hybrid method, hydrogen is obtained from electrolysing reaction with water of sulfur dioxide derived by paralyzing sulfuric acid (oxygen is also generated). The method requires two forms of energies, heat and electric power, whereas combination with a very high temperature reactor (VHTR) is being discussed as a heat source. This method may not be said greatly more advantageous than the direct water electrolysis, but may have future possibility. Hydrogen manufacturing utilizing living organisms is an interesting matter in terms of science and engineering, with a large number of research achievements beginning to appear. Expectation is drawn on the mechanism based on co-work of photosynthesis and a hydrogen generation system, alga and bacterium strain search, separation, cultivation, and applied research and development. Research is also under way to obtain hydrogen by converting photo-energy by using an electrochemical photo-cell utilizing semiconductor electrode to electrolyse water (color sensitizing) (NEDO)

Achievement report on research and development of medical and welfare equipment technology. Optical tomographic imaging method; Iryo fukushi kiki gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Hikari danso imaging system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-11-01

The aim is to develop a method of processing oxygen concentration distribution in human organs into an image by computed tomography using near infrared rays capable of transmitting through living tissues. Since the photoabsorption spectra of hemoglobin etc. in blood vary according to the degree of their oxidation, an oxygen concentration level is determined by measuring the magnitude of the variation. In the imaging method named in the title, the object is irradiated with picosecond-level near infrared pulses from all directions successively, the pulses after transmission through the object are measured at all directions at a picosecond-level time resolution, and the distribution of pulse scattering and absorption characteristics are subjected to algorithmic calculation, the outcome is converted into oxygen concentration levels, and an image is obtained. A 64-channel time resolution measurement system is constructed, and is applied to living tissue models (phantoms) and animals, and an image is obtained and evaluated. On the basis of the result, a patient is examined for clinical evaluation, and an image reflecting the distribution of variations in hemoglobin oxygen concentration is obtained for the head of the adult patient. A spatial resolution of 1cm is achieved in case of a phantom 10cm in diameter. In the case of 64 channels, measurement takes approximately 20 minutes and mapping image data measurement takes approximately 7 minutes. (NEDO)

Fault detection by Turam TEM survey. Numerical model studies and a case history; TEM ho Turam sokutei haichi ni yoru danso kenshutsu no kokoromi. Model keisan to jisshirei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wada, K; Tsutsui, T [Mitsui Mineral Development Engineering Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Ito, T [Chiba Univ., Chiba (Japan). Faculty of Science; Takeuchi, A [Toyama University, Toyama (Japan). Faculty of Science; He, P [Power Reactor and Nuclear fuel Development Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-05-27

With an objective to detect faults estimated to exist along the Shigesumi valley in the Kamioka mine, discussions were given by using electromagnetic survey, which uses the Turam measurement arrangement based on the TEM method, and three-dimensional model calculations. The Turam measurement arrangement, which installs transmission loop fixedly, is used to identify nature and distribution of electrically conductive objects upon noticing abnormal portions in magnetic fields in the measurement data. In the model calculation, the plate model calculation method and the FDTD method were used, and so was the calculation code TEM3DL. The result revealed that strong topographical influence is seen from steep V-shaped valley existing along the traverse line in the measurement data, but an abnormal resistivity band accompanying remarkable distortion in the curve was detected. According to the result of the model calculation, anomaly detection may be found difficult in locations where a low resistivity band has not grown enough locally. It was possible from these facts to assume a model in which the low resistivity band exists directly below the Shigesumi valley, suggesting existence of faults. 2 refs., 8 figs.

Geoelectric study in attempt to detect of deformation around slice gate in the embankment; Hiteiko eizoho wo mochiita himon shuhen no yurumi ryoiki no suitei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Natori, T; Nakayama, Y [Hokkaido Sapporo Public Works Office, Sapporo (Japan); Hashimoto, Y; Matsuo, J [OYO Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-22

For the river structures, such as slice gates and slice pipes, constructed on the weak ground, structures often come out due to forced settlement of embankment, which results in the formation of cavity and loose ground. These deformations can cause disasters due to leakage by water channel and fracture of bank. It is significant to detect and grasp these situations in early stage. In this study, resistivity imaging was conducted around slice gate in several times, to estimate the loose region based on the difference in the obtained resistivity data. Resistivity was measured in two times with a certain interval using the same line. The loose region around the slice gate was estimated from the change of saturation condition and the saturation line by considering the difference. Even in the case when judgment was hard by a single measurement, it was possible to estimate the loose region based on the difference from multiple measurements. 3 refs., 6 figs.

An investigation of coseismic OSL / TL time zeroing of quartz gouge based on low- to high-velocity friction experiments

Science.gov (United States)

Akasegawa, K.; Oohashi, K.; Hasebe, N.; Miura, K.

2016-12-01

To determine an age of coseismic event of an active fault, we generally examine crosscutting relationship between faults and overlying strata by trenching. However, we could not apply this method in case there are no overlying young strata in the vicinity of the fault zones. The alternative is a dating of fault zone materials whose age experienced resetting with seismic fault slip (for example, the ESR method;. Ikeya et al,1982; the OSL and TL methods). The idea behinds to the OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) and TL (thermoluminescence) dating methods for a determination of paleo-earthquake event is the accumulated natural radiation damage becomes to zero (time zeroing) by the frictional heating and grinding. However, physical and geological conditions required to induce time zeroing is not well understood because there is only few experimental investigations under the limited conditions (Hiraga et al,2004;. Kim et al, 2014) . In this study, we conduct low- to high-velocity friction experiments using quartz gouge under various experimental conditions (e.g., normal stress, displacement, moisture content) to establish an empirical relationship and physical and geological conditions of coseismic OSL time zeroing. In this experiment, we carry out the friction experiments using quartz in Tsushigawa granite taken from the east wall of the Nojima fault Ogura trench site, which was excavated in 2015. Samples were taken from the most distant position from the fault in the trench site. The samples were clashed using a mortar and sieved to a grain size of treatment. The residual is user for the friction experiments after having known radiation dose using an artificial gamma-ray source. In this presentation, we show results of the friction experiments and dating of the quartz gouge and discuss physical and geological conditions of OSL time zeroing. References Okumura, T., and Shitaoka, Y., 2011. Engineering Geology of Japan, No. 1, 5-17. Hiraga, S., Yoshimoto, A., and

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power utilizing system and peripheral technologies (Study of peripheral device for AC module); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (AC module yo shuhen sochi no kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

For widening the application of photovoltaic power generation, the AC (alternating current) module technology was examined for validity, and effective ways to utilize the technology and tasks to solve for its further development were studied. In fiscal 1999, concerning the validity of the AC module technology, it was shown quantitatively that attention should be paid to the inhibition of radio interference although the AC module was the more advantageous when under the influence of shadow. In the study of various measures for utilizing the technology, it was shown that, although the technology contained many tasks to discharge, such as need for downsizing and cost reduction, improvement on environmental resistance, and the prevention of radio interference, yet it had many advantages expected to turn up in the future, such as reduced influence of shadow, high flexibility in system design, and decreased installation cost. In the study of technical tasks to discharge in the course of development, it was stated that AC module integrated inverters (MICs) were already on the market, that an autonomous distributed type system control method suited the purpose of AC module systems, and that it was important to develop a thin MIC technology for application in the next generation. (NEDO)

On the sea-covering effect of a huge floating structure on the surrounding water; Choogata futai shuhen no kaisui ni taisuru kaimen shahei no eikyo ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fujino, M; Kagemoto, H; Hamada, T [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-12-31

The numerical analysis program based on the difference method for dynamics of sea water with sea-surface displacement, flow rate, salt content and temperature as the parameters is modified to more accurately assess the effects of a huge marine structure on surrounding environment by adding the effects of insolation and boundary conditions of the sea-covering effects of the floating structure. The numerical simulation was done for summer and winter seasons, not in a sea area but using a rectangular bay with the floating structure at the center. A new flow evolves around the floating structure, due to the sea-covering effect. The flow patterns in summer and winter are clearly different, due to difference in insolation. The predicted flow is also sensitive whether stratification is considered or not, by which is meant that it is important what stratification effect is taken into account. Daily insolation changes are accompanied by vertical distribution of water temperature and its temporal change. These effects are also observed under the floating structure which shields insolation. 10 refs., 17 figs., 4 tabs.

On the sea-covering effect of a huge floating structure on the surrounding water; Choogata futai shuhen no kaisui ni taisuru kaimen shahei no eikyo ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fujino, M.; Kagemoto, H.; Hamada, T. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-12-31

The numerical analysis program based on the difference method for dynamics of sea water with sea-surface displacement, flow rate, salt content and temperature as the parameters is modified to more accurately assess the effects of a huge marine structure on surrounding environment by adding the effects of insolation and boundary conditions of the sea-covering effects of the floating structure. The numerical simulation was done for summer and winter seasons, not in a sea area but using a rectangular bay with the floating structure at the center. A new flow evolves around the floating structure, due to the sea-covering effect. The flow patterns in summer and winter are clearly different, due to difference in insolation. The predicted flow is also sensitive whether stratification is considered or not, by which is meant that it is important what stratification effect is taken into account. Daily insolation changes are accompanied by vertical distribution of water temperature and its temporal change. These effects are also observed under the floating structure which shields insolation. 10 refs., 17 figs., 4 tabs.

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Research and development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Development of ancillary devices for AC modules); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (AC module yo shuhen sochi no kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Reasonability evaluation was progressed on the fundamental technologies having been proposed in fiscal 1998, and development was made on elementary technologies required for system structuring. The proposals made in fiscal 1998 include the deepening of the evaluations on effectiveness of AC modules, long-term stability evaluation on the system control schemes, trial fabrication and evaluation on AC battery modules, and development and installation of 2-kW demonstration facilities. In the effectiveness evaluation, discussions were given not only on advantages, but also on disadvantages. As the advantageous point, theoretical analyses were progressed on the effect of reducing the output drop due to shading, which was made clear by providing values. Effects of increase in switching units on electric wave interference as a disadvantage were made clear. As a form that can be applied consistently from an independent power source to a system coordination system, a flexible system using the module system comprising of AC modules and AC batteries was proposed as an effective utilization measure. A proposal was also made on an autonomous discrete type system control scheme as a control system that has sufficient expandability, and is durable against disasters. (NEDO)

Research and development of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power systems. Research on engineering methods for cost effective PV installation; Shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Tashu secchi koho no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of engineering methods for photovoltaic power system installation in fiscal 1994. (1) On the survey on applicable fields, various application aspects, applicability, and problems on location and legal regulation were continuously studied for railway, river reservation, lake surface and public facility as promising locations after highway in the last fiscal year. The result pointed out relatively easy possibility of PV power generation of nearly 11,700MW except residence and building fields. (2) On installation technology of solar cell arrays, several models based on various installation conditions, construction methods and system configurations were studied, and various application aspects were proposed by combination of simple design conditions. (3) On test and evaluation of the structural design of array racks, wind tunnel experiments were conducted for structure wall, platform shed and highway sound insulation wall. (4) On basic design of various promising systems, the conceptual design of interconnection systems was carried out assuming applications to highway and railway. 7 figs., 3 tabs.

FY 2000 report on the survey of extraction of areas promising in strategic geothermal development. Kurikoma peripheral region; 2000 nendo senryakuteki chinetsu kaihatsu yubo chiiki chushutsu chosa hokokusho. Kurikoma shuhen chiiki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

An investigational study was conducted for the Kurikoma peripheral region with the aim of contributing to the selection of important areas for survey, plans to be worked out for introduction of medium-term/long-term and effective geothermal development promotion survey, estimation of the developmental resource amount in the areas, etc. In the study, based on the geological survey, geochemical survey, physical survey and well survey which were conducted directly for the Kurikoma peripheral region, the data needed to elucidate geothermal structure elements were extracted and re-analyzed to make geothermal models. Based on the geothermal system conceptual model made, the data on the areas already developed, etc. were arranged to make criteria for extraction of promising areas. By the criteria, the following three areas were selected, and geothermal structure models were made for the areas: promising area 1 in geothermal development (Sanzugawa-Oyu spa, 66km{sup 2}), promising area 2 (Wasabizawa-Akinomiya area, 37km{sup 2}), promising area 3 (Onikobe-Kamitaki spa, 21km{sup 2}). These promising areas were evaluated by the resource amount density, data likelihood, regulation by the natural park law, etc. Important areas for survey were selected and the resource amount was calculated. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program. Practical application technologies for photovoltaic power systems (Development of peripheral technologies); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu seika hokokusho. Shuhen gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

As for their outputs, the 3kW separately-excited and self-excited photovoltaic power plants yield daily averages of 7.8kWh and 6.9kWh, respectively, and this means that the self-excited type is inferior to the separately-excited type in terms of conversion efficiency. Automatic measuring devices for photovoltaic characteristics are installed at Sapporo, Sendai, Nagoya, and Miyazaki, which will elucidate regional difference in photovoltaic characteristics. A simulation of photovoltaic characteristics is performed and the resultant value is compared with the yield of an experimental 3kW system, and the result of the comparison is found reasonable. Cell arrays are subjected to investigation for configurations lowest in output loss for the respective shadow patterns. Harmonic characteristics are analyzed under plural-interconnection circumstances. Studies are made to miniaturize and simplify system constituents, and it is found that a 3-hour storage is proper for a 3kW-class storage battery. It is also found that a self-excited type suffers less voltage fluctuation in interconnected operation on a small short-circuit capacity system. Possibilities are that independent operation is started when output is larger than load, which is to be detected by checking changes in phase, frequency, etc. Array configuration, arresters, and shielding wires are taken up for the study of measures to cope with direct thunder strokes. (NEDO)

Research and development of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power systems. Study of nickel-hydride storage battery for photovoltaic generation systems; Shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyoko hatsuden`yo suiso denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of nickel-hydride storage battery for photovoltaic generation systems in fiscal 1994. (1) On the study on low-cost electrode materials, the physical properties and electrode characteristics were studied of the prototype hydrogen absorbing alloys prepared by substituting Cu or Ni for Co in Mm(Ni-Co-Mn-Al)5 (Mm: mixture of rare earth elements). The result clarified that it is difficult to reduce Co content in the alloy to 0.4 atom or less. Simple heat treatment and milling processes in production of hydrogen absorbing alloy electrodes were achieved by adopting an improved metal mold and gas atomization method. Characteristics and cycle life of the Ni positive electrode prepared by applying active paste material of Ni(OH)2 were studied, however, the result showed only lives of nearly 300 cycles. (2) On the study on electrode structure for high-performance (long-life) battery, the 3-D porous metal electrode support was evaluated, and various battery configurations were studied. 11 figs., 1 tab.

Excitation of tsunami by a pure strike-slip earthquake. ; Izu Oshima kinkai earthquake tsunami on Feb. 20, 1990. Yokozure danso jishin ni yoru tsunami no reiki. ; 1990 nen 2 gatsu 20 nichi Izu Oshima kinkai jishin tsunami

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abe, K. (Nippon Dental University, Tokyo (Japan). Niigata Junior College); Okada, M. (Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba (Japan))

1993-06-24

A numerical experiment was performed to reproduce the tsunami from the Izu-Oshima Kinkai Earthquake which occurred on February 20, 1990, using a tsunami excited by a pure strike-slip fault. An existence of a vertical fault with a length of 15 km and a width of 12 km was hypothesized in the south-north direction on the ocean bottom around the focal region. Then, a tsunami was assumed to have been excited when the fault was given a side-slip movement to create discrepancies of 1 m in the fault. Water level change for one hour after onset of the tsunami was calculated in one-second interval in each unit square with a side length of 1 km over an ocean area of 200 km from east to west and 150 km from north to south centering on the wave source. The results obtained from the calculation were harmonious with tsunami waveforms observed at five stations in the subject region and their spectral analytic results. Reproduced were the two predominant frequencies commonly observed at more than two stations, and difference in predominant cycles that appear according to azimuths of the observation points to the epicenter. These facts endorse the reasonability of the above hypothesis. 9 refs., 11 figs.

Fault-related-folding structures and reflection seismic sections. Study by seismic modeling and balanced cross section; Danso ga kaizaisuru shukyoku kozo no keitai to jishin tansa danmen. 2. Seismic modeling oyobi balanced cross section ni yoru study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tamagawa, T; Matsuoka, T [Japan Petroleum Exploration Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Tsukui, R [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1997-05-27

It occasionally happens that there exists a part where reflection near the thrust is not clearly observed in a thrust zone seismic survey cross section. For the effective interpretation of such an occurrence, the use of geological structures as well as the reflected pattern is effective. When the velocity structures for a fold structure having a listric fault caused anticline (unidirectionally inclined with a backlimb, without a forelimb) and for a fault propagation fold are involved, a wrong interpretation may be made since they look alike in reflection wave pattern despite their difference in geological structure. In the concept of balanced cross section, a check is performed, when the stratum after deformation is recovered to the time of deposition, as to whether the geologic stratum area is conserved without excess or shortage. An excess or shortage occurs if there is an error in the model, and this shows that the fault surface or fold structure is not correctly reflected. Positive application of geological knowledge is required in the processing and interpreting of data from a seismic survey. 6 refs., 6 figs.

Fault-related-folding structure and reflection seismic sections. Construction of earth model using balanced cross section; Danso ga kaizaisuru shukyoku kozo no keitai to jishin tansa danmen. 1. Balanced cross section wo mochiita chika model no kochiku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsuoka, T; Tamagawa, T [Japan Petroleum Exploration Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Tsukui, R [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Technology Research Center

1997-05-27

Pre-stacking depth migration treatment is studied for the estimation of the fold configuration from seismic survey cross sections. The estimation of a velocity structure is necessary for the execution of such treatment, and the utilization of structural-geological knowledge is required for its interpretation. The concept of balanced cross section in relation to the fault-bend fold constructs a stratum structure model under conditions that the deformation during fold and fault formation is a planar strain, that there is no change in volume due to deformation, and that a fold is a parallel fold. In addition to the above geometric and kinetic approach, there is another fold formation process simulation model using a Newtonian fluid for study from the viewpoint of dynamics. This simulation stands on the presumption that the boundary contains a ramp that had been in presence before fold formation and that an incompressible viscous matter is mounted on the top surface. The viscous matter flows and deforms for the formation of an anticline on the ramp. Such enables the reproduction of a fault-bend fold formation process, and helpful discussion may be furthered on the dynamic aspect of this simulation. 5 refs., 4 figs.

Surface flaw detection by means of infrared radiometer. Part 3. ; Detection limit influenced by an environment temperature. Sekigai hoshakei ni yoru hyomen kekkan no kenshutsu. 3. ; Shuhen ondo ni yoru kenshutsu genkai no eikyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okamoto, U; Kaminaga, F [Ibaraki University, Ibaraki (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Ishii, T [Ibaraki University, Ibaraki (Japan); Eto, M; Ooka, N; Kanaya, K; Eto, Y [Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Ibaraki (Japan); Kurokawa, T [Nippon Denki Sanei Ltd. Co., Tokyo (Japan)

1990-12-20

Measuring a radiation energy distribution around surface flaw by means of a infrared rediometer can detect fine flaw on the surface. The characteristics were examined using a light quantum type radiation thermometer consisted of Hg-Cd-Te as a sensor. A surrounding wall consisted of a black body wall was installed between the sensor and test piece, and by thus maintaining the surrounding wall temperature constant, reflection energy from the test piece surface was maintained constant for stabilized measurement. The measurement values are the sum of energies from emission and reflection, or the so-called radiosity values. To avoid effects from the reflection to reduce variance in the emissivity, it is necessary to keep the surrounding wall temperatures lower by more than 20 {degree}C than the test piece radiation temperatures. Emissivity can be calculated from the rediositivity (sum of the radiation and the reflection), the surrounding wall temperatures, and the test piece radiation temperatures. If the surface is rough, variance in the measurements increases. The larger the difference in the test piece and surrounding wall temperatures, the thermo image of the defects on the test piece surface becomes more distinctive, thus the detection limit can be enhanced. 7 refs., 13 figs.

Research and development of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of redox flow battery for photovoltaic power generation; Shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyoko hatsuden`yo redox denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of redox flow battery for photovoltaic power generation in fiscal 1994. (1) On the production method of electrolyte, silica reduction treatment was attempted to use ammonium metavanadate recovered from boiler as electrolyte of redox flow battery. Silica removal rates more than 90% were achieved by crystallizing V as polyvanadate while keeping molten silica. It was ascertained in minicell experiment that trivalent and quadrivalent V electrolytes produced from recovered V are applicable to continuous charge/discharge operation for one week. (2) On development of battery systems, the relation between battery characteristics and physicochemical properties of carbon fiber electrodes was studied to improve carbon fiber electrodes. The efficiency of 80% was achieved at current density of 160mA/cm{sup 2} by use of layered electrodes, resulting in considerable cost reduction. Performance evaluation operation of the 2kW battery prepared in the last fiscal year was also carried out. 4 figs.

FY 2000 report on development of the infrastructure to promote use of fuel cells for automobiles. For safety and environmental factors; 2000 nendo jidoshayo nenryo denchi no fukyu kiban seibi seika hokokusho. Anzensei shuhen kankyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Described herein are the results of the FY 2000 activities for safety and environmental factors involved in fuel cell powdered vehicles. The current technical standards and specifications for CNG and LPG fueled vehicles are investigated, to extract the factors necessary to establish the safety evaluation guidelines when these fuels are replaced by hydrogen fuel. The rules extracted and studied include those related to collision and resultant fuel leakage, removal of spark and hot sources, leakage in the fuel system, leakage into containers and passenger rooms, and materials. For the rules on test methods of fuel tanks, the investigated items include fire resistance, impact resistance and permeation loss of fuel from the tanks. For system safety, the investigated items include possible unusual situations, leakage of the electrolytes and electrical shock. The basic data are collected for destruction of the fuel tanks, spout of hydrogen from and electrification of the hydrogen-occluding alloys, flame retardancy of high-voltage wires for automobiles, and hydrogen diffusion simulation. The safety-related technical trends are followed by hearing the related organizations, including automakers. Literature survey and hearing are conducted to investigate the environmental effects of radio wave interference and noise. (NEDO)

Research and development of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power systems. Meteorological analysis for suitable design of photovoltaic power generation systems; Shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Saiteki sekkei no tame no kisho data no chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on the standard weather data necessary for simulation of PV power generation systems in fiscal 1994. In the study on the selection criterion of the standard weather data from the viewpoint of PV power generation systems, three typical years are used; a year with average solar radiation, and two years with extremely less and more solar radiation for safe simulation. The standard weather data are arranged for output calculation of PV power generation systems by selecting the most typical year based on long-term observation data. The data to be arranged are as follows; total, direct and scattered solar radiations incident upon a horizontal surface, solar radiation upon a slope surface, sunshine duration, air temperature, wind direction, wind velocity, amount of precipitation, and snow depth. For arrangement of the nationwide standard weather data, estimation of total solar radiation is necessary based on sunshine duration data observed by all weather bureaus. In this study, the estimation model was developed of the total solar radiation integrated with time from rotary pyrheliometer data. 5 figs.

Stress estimation around the survey wells in Hanshin-Awaji area by means of AE/DR and DSCA experiments; AE/DR ho to DSCA ho ni yoru Hanshin Awaji chiiki chosa kui shuhen no chikaku oryoku sokutei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ito, H; Kuwahara, Y; Nishizawa, O [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan); Yamamoto, K [Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan). Faculty of Science; Sano, O [Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Yokoyama, T; Kudo, R [OYO Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Xue, Z [Kiso-Jiban Consultants Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-05-01

A total of 5 wells were excavated in the Hanshin-Awaji area (Ikeda, Takarazuka, Tarumi, Hirabayashi and Ikunami) to collect the core samples, which were analyzed by the AE/DR and DSCA methods to determine crustal stresses. For the AE/DR analysis, the core sample was cut in the vertical direction, and in the horizontal direction at intervals of 45{degree}. The sample of unknown orientation was provided with a datum line common for both methods, to compare the results by these methods. A load was applied to the sample, provided with an AE sensor and strain gauge on the sides, in the longitudinal direction. For the DSCA analysis, the core sample was cut into a cube having a side length of 33mm, with a pair of planes directed in parallel to the datum line. A total of 18 strain gauges, 10mm in gauge length, were attached to the cube. The AE/DR analysis gave the maximum and minimum principal stresses in the horizontal plane and stresses in the vertical direction, whereas the DSCA the maximum, intermediate and minimum principal stresses. 3 refs., 7 figs.

Research and development of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of photovoltaic modules integrated with construction materials (detachable plane panel); Shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Kenzai ittaigata module no kenkyu kaihatsu (chakudatsushiki heiban panel)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of photovoltaic modules integrated with construction materials in fiscal 1994. (1) On development of technology for module structures, specifications of the horizontal muntin system module were newly determined in addition to the improved muntin system module, and the prototype pseudo-module integrated with construction material was prepared. The comparison results of the basic performance of both system modules clarified superior waterproofing and module temperature uniformity of the horizontal muntin system. Based on this specifications, integration technology of modules with back metal plates was studied. Formation of the integrated module close to final specifications was ascertained to be possible by use of passivation equipment to irregular form. (2) On development of construction and installation methods of modules, improvement of the waterproofing and workability of both system modules was studied. (3) On the study on practical use of modules, their design and ventilation/cooling structure were studied. 38 figs., 13 tabs.

Central Japan's Atera Active Fault's Wide-Fractured Zone: An Examination of the Structure and In-situ Crustal Stress

Science.gov (United States)

Ikeda, R.; Omura, K.; Matsuda, T.; Mizuochi, Y.; Uehara, D.; Chiba, A.; Kikuchi, A.; Yamamoto, T.

2001-12-01

In-situ downhole measurements and coring within and around an active fault zone are needed to better understand the structure and material properties of fault rocks as well as the physical state of active faults and intra-plate crust. Particularly, the relationship between the stress concentration state and the heterogeneous strength of an earthquake fault zone is important to estimate earthquake occurrence mechanisms which correspond to the prediction of an earthquake. It is necessary to compare some active faults in different conditions of the chrysalis stage and their relation to subsequent earthquake occurrence. To better understand such conditions, "Active Fault Zone Drilling Project" has been conducted in the central part of Japan by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention. The Nojima fault which appeared on the surface by the 1995 Great Kobe earthquake (M=7.2) and the Neodani fault created by the 1981 Nobi earthquake, the greatest inland earthquake M=8.0 in Japan, have been drilled through the fault fracture zones. During these past four years, a similar experiment and research at the Atera fault, of which some parts seem to have been dislocated by the 1586 Tensyo earthquake, has been undertaken. The features of the Atera fault are as follows: (1) total length is about 70 km, (2) general trend is NW45_Kwith a left-lateral strike slip, (3) slip rate is estimated as 3-5 m/1000 yrs. and the average recurrence time as 1700 yrs., (4) seismicity is very low at present, and (5) lithologies around the fault are basically granitic rocks and rhyolite. We have conducted integrated investigations by surface geophysical survey and drilling around the Atera fault. Six boreholes have been drilled from the depth of 400 m to 630 m. Four of these boreholes are located on a line crossing the fracture zone of the Atera fault. Resistivity and gravity structures inferred from surface geophysical surveys were compared with the physical properties

Research and development of evaluation system for photovoltaic power generation system. Research and survey on test and evaluation method for BOS component devices; Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Shuhen gijutsu hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of the evaluation method for BOS component devices in fiscal 1994. (1) On the study on requirements of BOS component devices for practical use, the study results on storage battery, inverter, protective device for system interconnection, and effective use means for storage battery were summarized. On the future device technology, it was clarified that the following value added technologies are promising: simple design of inverter circuit, cost reduction by common specification and mass production, and stabilization of voltage and compensation of momentary peak load by combining inverter with small-capacity storage batteries. (2) On the study on the performance test method for BOS component devices, basic characteristic (capacity, efficiency) test, PSOC charge/discharge cycle test, and accelerated life cycle test were performed for 4 kinds of new storage batteries developed by NEDO. The whole characteristic test results satisfied specifications, and long-term cycle test is in promotion for all new storage batteries. 3 figs., 4 tabs.

Geotechnical engineering problems of construction works in the Shikoku district. 2. ; Construction work of Matsuyama expressway at fractured zones. Shikoku no kensetsu koji ni okeru doshitsu kogaku teki shomondai. 2. ; Shikoku jukan jidoshado (Doi@iyosaijo kan) ni okeru danso hasitai no norimen taisaku ko

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaneko, T; Nagao, A [Japan Highway Public Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1991-09-25

21.9km of the route between Doi and Iyosaijo of the Shikoku Jukan (Transverse) expressway was chosen along the central tectonic line which is the largest active fault in Japan. Countermeasure works for slope faces were carried out attaching importance to ground anchor and reinforced earth works, and the section was completed on March 29, 1991. In the section, longitudinal alignment, plain alignment and road structure were reexamined to determine the center line so as to avoid landslide areas as far as possible, and much cost curtailment was realized for the landslide countermeasure works although there were many slope face collapses during excavation. The collapsed soil amounted to about 50 to 600m{sup 3} for one collapsed spot, with 1 to 2m average thickness of the slid layers. Reinforced earth work method was found to be effective for small to medium scale slope face countermeasure works. PC anchor or other landslide countermeasure works were required for large scale landslides which have the depths of slide exceeding 2m. 5 refs., 7 figs.

Fiscal 1975 Sunshine Project research report. General research on hydrogen energy subsystems and their peripheral technologies (Research on automobile engine); 1975 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Jidosha engine ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1976-05-10

This report summarizes the fiscal 1975 research results, and proposes the policy toward the future as follows. (1) Computational prediction on the future trend of hydrogen energy is active in the U.S.A. (2) For application of hydrogen derived from coal to transport, chemical synthesis of methane, methanol and gasoline from such hydrogen is in proposal because of difficult transport of LH{sub 2} or MH{sub 2}. (3) Complete run of Musashi Institute of Technology's LH{sub 2} passenger car in a long-distance rally, and trial run of Billings' MH{sub 2} minibus as challenge to practical use indicated new data, features and problems for hydrogen vehicles through experiences. (4) Conversion from a conventional soft-oriented attitude to a hard-oriented one is thus necessary. (5) Preparation of LH{sub 2} production facility is also necessary. (6) Stabilization of atomic hydrogen, expected various hydrides, and an H{sub 2}-O{sub 2}-water engine as new ideas are stimulating many researchers. (7) Study on gasoline cracking methods such as JPL is active. (8) Doubled cost of gasoline will probably promote practical use of hydrogen vehicles. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1975 Sunshine Project research report. General research on hydrogen energy subsystems and their peripheral technologies (Research on fuel cell system); 1975 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Nenryo denchi system kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1976-03-01

In fiscal 1974, the domestic and overseas developmental states of fuel cell bodies were surveyed, and some problems on the interconnection between a fuel cell system and power system were studied. Since the maximum outputs of conventional fuel cells are only nearly 10kW, however, those from several hundreds kW to several ten thousands kW are required for buildings or commercial power facilities, in the fiscal 1975, some supposed problems derived from such scale- up of fuel cells were extracted to study their solutions. Study was made on 4 kinds of fuel cells such as alkaline electrolyte, acidic electrolyte, molten salt electrolyte and solid electrolyte fuel cells, and fuel modifier for generating hydrogen. As preliminary modeling work for dynamic performance analysis of fuel cell systems, study was made on scale of the model, DC devices and equipment for customers, environmental impact, power supply reliability, various characteristics and problems in load variation including start and stop, and kinds of accidents and their measures. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1975 Sunshine Project research report. General research on hydrogen energy subsystems and their peripheral technologies (Research on chemical use); 1975 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Kagaku riyo ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1976-04-15

The whole amount of hydrogen consumption for chemical industries all over the world is estimated to be 249.7 billion Nm{sup 3} in 1974, while 367.2 billion Nm{sup 3} in 1980 roughly under a bold assumption, based on 3 current big consumption fields of ammonia production, methanol production and petroleum refining, and some promising fields in the future such as reduced iron and synthetic protein. Consumption ratios for every field are probably 54.9% in ammonia production, 30% in petroleum refining, 9.5% in methanol production and 5.6% in others in 1974, and nearly similar in 1980. However, although there are various troubles, if a large amount of methanol is used as fuel in the future, and its production plan is promoted to satisfy the demand of methanol fuel, hydrogen consumption for methanol production will increase drastically. In the future, if the production process of hydrogen as secondary fuel is established, such hydrogen also will be used for various chemical industries naturally. Research was thus made on use of oxygen as byproduct inevitably. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1975 Sunshine Project research report. General research on hydrogen energy subsystems and their peripheral technologies (Research on automobile engine); 1975 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Jidosha engine ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1976-05-10

This report summarizes the fiscal 1975 research results, and proposes the policy toward the future as follows. (1) Computational prediction on the future trend of hydrogen energy is active in the U.S.A. (2) For application of hydrogen derived from coal to transport, chemical synthesis of methane, methanol and gasoline from such hydrogen is in proposal because of difficult transport of LH{sub 2} or MH{sub 2}. (3) Complete run of Musashi Institute of Technology's LH{sub 2} passenger car in a long-distance rally, and trial run of Billings' MH{sub 2} minibus as challenge to practical use indicated new data, features and problems for hydrogen vehicles through experiences. (4) Conversion from a conventional soft-oriented attitude to a hard-oriented one is thus necessary. (5) Preparation of LH{sub 2} production facility is also necessary. (6) Stabilization of atomic hydrogen, expected various hydrides, and an H{sub 2}-O{sub 2}-water engine as new ideas are stimulating many researchers. (7) Study on gasoline cracking methods such as JPL is active. (8) Doubled cost of gasoline will probably promote practical use of hydrogen vehicles. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1975 Sunshine Project research report. General research on hydrogen energy subsystems and their peripheral technologies (Research on hydrogen gas turbine); 1975 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Suiso gas turbine ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1976-03-31

This research aims at establishment of the meaning of using hydrogen as gas turbine fuel in the hydrogen energy system and various conditions for hydrogen gas turbines, and approaches to the feasibility study and R and D of hydrogen gas turbines in the future. In fiscal 1975, researches were made on (1) feasibility study on hydrogen-oxygen gas turbine, (2) establishment of various conditions for technical, social and economic realization of hydrogen gas turbines in the total energy system, and (3) study on technical troubles to be solved for realization of hydrogen gas turbines. For the above researches, study was made on hydrogen combustion based on the hydrogen combustion test result of gas mixture including hydrogen, and on the feasibility of aphodid cycle. In addition, study on the applicability of hydrogen-oxygen gas turbines, comparative study on hydrogen-oxygen gas turbine, MHD power generation and fuel cell, and the future prospect of hydrogen gas turbines for ships were made to place this hydrogen gas turbine. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1975 Sunshine Project research report. General research on hydrogen energy subsystems and their peripheral technologies (General research on hydrogen energy subsystems); 1975 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1976-03-01

This report is composed of the part 1 'General research on hydrogen energy subsystems' and the part 2 'Outline of researches on every use pattern of hydrogen'. The part 1 outlines the fiscal 1975 activity and result, the latest research situation, the latest domestic and overseas R and D situations, some extracted problems, and the future research issues. The part 2 summarizes the research results of every committee with the following themes: (1) Hydrogen combustion technology (combustion characteristics and technology of hydrogen-methane mixture, home and industrial combustors, study on hydrogen energy system), (2) Fuel cell, (3) Automobile engine (merits and demerits of automobile hydrogen engine, problems and their possible solutions on hydrogen engine, urgent research issues), (4) Aircraft engine (prospect for hydrogen use in air transport in Japan, study on various systems around airports in hydrogen use, technical study on aircraft using hydrogen fuel), (5) Gas turbine, and (6) Chemical use of hydrogen. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1975 Sunshine Project research report. General research on hydrogen energy subsystems and their peripheral technologies (Research on hydrogen engine for aircraft); 1975 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Kokukiyo suiso engine ni kansuru chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1976-05-01

This report summarizes the research results on (1) the prospect of an aviation system based on hydrogen energy, (2) the total system of aircraft based on hydrogen energy, and (3) the performance, structure and specifications of airplanes and engines using synthetic fuel such as hydrogen. In (1), study was made on air transport energy, and prediction was made on the demand of liquid hydrogen assuming conversion of petroleum fuel into hydrogen fuel in the future. In (2), the supply system of liquid hydrogen is essential in conversion of current aircraft fuel into liquid hydrogen. Such supply system over the world is also necessary in conversion into liquid hydrogen for both domestic and international airlines. In (3), in order to discuss the feasibility of liquid hydrogen fuel aircraft, the merit of such aircraft as compared with current aircraft using JP fuel, and whether designing a new airframe or modifying existing airframes, study was made conceptually on the size and capacity of airframe by statistical treatment and analysis of previous conceptual designs. (NEDO)

Study on flow the impeller outlet of a winnowing fan. 1st Report. Comparisons on the flow between experiments and CFD; Karami fan no haneguruma deguchibu kinbo no nagare ni kansuru kenkyu. 1. Hane shuhen no nagare ni tsuite no CFD to jikkenchitono hikaku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kawase, M. [Tokushima University, Tokushima (Japan); Fukutomi, J.; Nakase, Y. [Tokushima University, Tokushima (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

2000-03-25

The winnowing fan used for head feeding type combines draw in air along the axis from the inlet of both sides, and then radially discharges it into scroll. Therefore, the internal flow of this fan shows a strong three-dimensionality and the efficiency is low. In order to improve the efficiency and make the axial distribution of discharge flow uniform, the experimental and numerical investigations were carried out. Numerical results using CFD agree well with experimental ones for the mean flow. It is found that this numerical simulation method is useful for investigation of the effect of blade and casing configurations. Moreover unsteady flow conditions in the impeller though rotations are shown. For example, in the impeller, a vortex formed around the leading edge of the blade, grows connect with another one, reduce and disappear. (author)

FY 1974 report on the results of the Sunshine Project. Comprehensive study of hydrogen use subsystem and study on the periphery technology (Study on automobile engine); 1974 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Jidosha engine ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-10

The paper made an investigational study of the data of a wide range which seems to be related to the use of hydrogen as automobile use fuel. The advantage is that the exhaust can almost be non-pollutant. The engine performance can be on the same level as that of the present gasoline engine or can be improved. The reasons are that the compression rate is heightened and that automobile can be driven at lean mixture rate. As to weak points, the volume and weight increase when it is loaded on vehicle. The cost of hydrogen is higher than that of petroleum. The problems to be quickly solved are as follows. Improvement of the combustion method: a wide range of development not only the electric ignition method, but the diesel method, and the basic study for it. It is necessary to establish the basis for a method to connect the storage method and engine. It is also necessary to comprehensively review rules related to safety. For the future, the conversion to artificial fuel is indispensable, and hydrogen has the most characteristics as energy medium. The problem is much larger sizes of fuel tank and pump, but there will be a possibility of producing a new technology together with the hydrogen production technology. The fundamental research should be promoted without any hesitation. (translated by NEDO)

FY 1974 report on the results of the Sunshine Project. Comprehensive study of hydrogen use subsystem and study on the periphery technology (Study on fuel cell system); 1974 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Nenryo denchi system kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-03-01

In this paper, surveys were conducted on 'the developmental situation of the body of fuel cell' and 'the performance required for the inverter connecting fuel cell and electric power system and the peripheral device, and fuel cell.' However, the economical evaluation was to be made at an appropriate time, and the FY 1974 survey was limited to the technology. The results of the investigational study made based on the above-mentioned policy were described in and after Chapter 2. In Chapter 2, described were the prospects of fuel cell and the guide for this fiscal year. In Chapter 3, the relative evaluation of various kinds of fuel cells in terms of the following: electrode structure, catalyst, cell stack, auxiliary machine, dynamic characteristics of cell, efficiency, life, reliability, maintenance, safety, environmental safety, construction cost, maintenance/running cost, and material cost. In Chapter 4, the present technical situation of inverter and the peripheral device, and the situation of the future R and D in Japan and abroad. In Chapter 5, the positioning of the fuel cell system in the hydrogen energy system, and various kinds of performance required for structural elements. (NEDO)

Sensing of subsurface faults based on an imaging technique for teleseismic waveform data. 2. Feasibility study for application to oblique incidence, multi-event and noise data; Enchi jishin hakei data wo mochiita chika kozo imaging ni yoru chichu danso kenshutsu no kokoromi. 2. Naname nyusha, multi event, noise wo fukumu hakei eno tekiyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murakoshi, T; Takenaka, H; Saita, T [Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Science; Suetsugu, D [Building Research Institute, Tokyo (Japan); Furumura, T [Hokkaido University of Education, Sapporo (Japan)

1996-05-01

An examination was made on the method in which imaging of subsurface was carried out with teleseismic waveform data for sensing of faults. In the examination, an experiment was done on the sensing of faults with higher precision, by applying oblique incidence as well as perpendicular upward incidence of SH plane waves, and thereby stacking the imaging in plural events. In numerical experiments, 28 observation points were arranged at 500m spaces apart on the surface, and the incident waves were made the SH plane waves having a bell-shaped time function, with incidence made at an angle varied as 0{degree}, +15{degree} and -15{degree} from the lowest layer of a model. In the calculation of the wave motion field, a difference calculus with secondary accuracy was used for both time and space. In addition, data was prepared with a random noise added to a synthesized waveform to be used as observation data. The calculated waveform data were likened to the observation waveform, to which the method for imaging faults was applied. Consequently, it was noted that satisfactory results were obtained compared with the case where faults were sensed by one event alone. 5 refs., 4 figs.

Achievement report on research and development in the Sunshine Project in fiscal 1976. Comprehensive discussion on hydrogen utilizing subsystems and research on peripheral technologies (Research for aircraft engines); 1976 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Koku engine ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-05-01

With an objective to utilize hydrogen fuel in aircraft engines, a conceptual design survey was carried out on medium size transport aircraft. Large size long-distance aircraft and SST loaded with a great amount of fuel have the jet fuel (JP) increase take-off weight, affecting largely the selection of wing area and engine thrust. If the hydrogen fuel can be liquefied, large reduction can be achieved and the economic effect can be increased. However, for short-distance transport aircraft, the fuel weight ratio is small, where no large advantage is anticipated even if hydrogen is liquefied. Nevertheless, considering oil depletion in the future, a conceptual design was performed on the YX2688 short-medium distance aircraft being discussed of development. Even the short-medium distance aircraft that can be developed and commercialized as civilian use aircraft has a number of common points with large aircraft development, such as hydrogen fuel using technologies and safety. Although the advantage of using liquefied hydrogen as fuel may of course be smaller in the short-medium distance aircraft than in larger aircraft, the trend of using hydrogen fuel is historical necessity, whose development plans should be moved forward. (NEDO)

Analysis and evaluation for practical application of photovoltaic power generation system. Analysis and evaluation of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power system (analysis and evaluation on photovoltaic systems); Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka. Shuhen gijutsu kaihatsu no tame no kaiseki hyoka (taiyoko hatsuden system shingata chikudenchi)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kurokawa, K; Endo, E; Tsuda, I; Nakamura, K; Sugiyama, Y; Nakazawa, S; Takaku, K; Yanagisawa, T; Kojima, T; Shimizu, K; Koyanagi, T; Onda, N; Nozaki, K; Negishi, A; Kaneko, Y [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for analysis and evaluation of new storage batteries for photovoltaic power systems. Quantitative analysis and evaluation are made for introduction of intermittent operational mode in the conventional power supply system in which electrolyte units are connected in parallel and for improved performance by bubbles flowing into the line that supplies the electrolyte to the stack, in order to establish the configurations of and operational procedures for the redox flow batteries. The study on development of redox battery compares the Pb-Sn alloy felt collector with carbon fiber, Pb-Sb alloy felt and the lattice for the conventional lead acid battery, in order to optimize the new lead felt battery. As a result, it is found that the Pb-Sn alloy felt collector is better than any other device tested, because of its higher freedom with respect to electrode shape and battery size. The study on reliability evaluation of amorphous solar cells tests photoelectric conversion efficiency of a-Si solar cells, in order to elucidate the phenomena where degradation and rejuvenation compete with each other under weak light irradiation conditions. 8 figs., 1 tab.

Achievement report on research and development in the Sunshine Project in fiscal 1976. Comprehensive discussion on hydrogen utilizing subsystems and researches on peripheral technologies (Research on fuel cell systems); 1976 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Nenryo denchi system kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-03-01

This paper discusses hydrogen fuel cell systems. In the economic performance of fuel cells, the ratio of fuel cost accounting for in the power generation cost is as very high as 66% or higher to 82%, if hydrogen unit cost is in the range of 20 to 50 yen per Nm{sup 3}. Enhancing the power generation efficiency contributes more greatly to reduction of the power generation cost than by reducing the construction cost. There should be no much influence on the power generation cost if a system lasts four to five years. The paper also discusses the discrete type power generation system. Discussions were given on a waste heat recovering fuel cell system using as the model an office building of 16 stories above the ground, with one basement and a total floor area of 16,000 m{sup 2}. If the system can be constructed in such a way that the fuel cell capacity is made slightly larger than that corresponds to power load, and whole air conditioning load can be taken care only by waste heat by using a heat pump, the auxiliary heat source can be made smaller, and the overall fuel conservation ratio can be larger, thus the fuel was found saved by 40% than in existing systems. In using hydrogen in automobiles, weight problem will emerge if high-pressure hydrogen or metallic hydride is used for hydrogen storage. Liquefied hydrogen is light in weight, but large in volume. Development is desired on high-performance hydrogen absorbing alloys. (NEDO)

Achievement report on research and development in the Sunshine Project in fiscal 1976. Comprehensive discussion on hydrogen utilizing subsystems and research on peripheral technologies (Research for chemical utilization); 1976 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Kagaku riyo ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-04-15

Surveys and studies were performed on chemical utilization of hydrogen regarding its status of development and utilization inside and outside the country, as well as its future prospect. This paper describes chemical utilization of hydrogen in ammonia, methanol, petroleum refining and other industries as the existing fields. It also describes chemical utilization of oxygen in iron and steel, chemical and other industries. It describes methanol as a pollution-free auxiliary fuel for electric power plants as a new type of hydrogen application. Acetic acid made by using the Monsanto method which carbonylate methanol is drawing attention in terms of economy, and is in the phase of discussing commercialization. Synthesizing ethylene glycol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen may be conceived economically. Methanol for synthesized protein depends on the possibility of future development. In the iron and steel industry, electric furnace steel makers are planning production of reduced iron, where the direct reduction process using hydrogen is considered as a complementary process, including countermeasures for scrap iron. This paper estimates hydrogen amount as a raw material for ammonia to remove NOx by using the ammonia reduction process. It also describes possibility of other types of utilization. (NEDO)

FY 1974 report on the results of the Sunshine Project. Comprehensive study of hydrogen use subsystem and study on the periphery technology (Study on the chemical utilization); 1974 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Kagaku riyo ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-07-01

This paper reports on the present situation of the chemical use of hydrogen and oxygen, and the short-term, medium-term, and long-term forecast. The main usage of hydrogen is ammonia synthesis, petroleum refining, and methanol synthesis. In the usage of these three, there are factors of structural changes now and in future, and it is extremely difficult to predict the amount in a short term up to around 1980. In a medium term prediction, from the result of predicting the demand of ammonia, methanol and hydrodesulfurization, the total 1985 hydrogen demand is estimated at approximately 60 billion Nm{sup 3}, and approximately 67 billion Nm{sup 3} as the gross hydrogen demand. Further, judging from that synthetic protein, fuel use methanol, and reduced iron are estimated to reach a certain production size in and after 1985, new demand for hydrogen is expected to be approximately 100 billion Nm{sup 3} mostly including fuel use methanol. In a long term prediction, it is extremely hard to predict the demand because of various factors existing in Japan and abroad. As predicted in a medium term, the amount of chemical use of hydrogen is expected to increase more and more, even if calculating it only in the field of ammonia synthesis, petroleum refining, and methanol synthesis. (NEDO)

Achievement report on research and development in the Sunshine Project in fiscal 1976. Comprehensive discussion on hydrogen utilizing subsystems and research on peripheral technologies (Research related to hydrogen gas turbines); 1976 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu. Suiso gas turbine ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1977-03-01

This paper describes development of hydrogen gas turbines from among the comprehensive discussions on hydrogen utilizing subsystems. Hydrogen and oxygen gas turbine cycle has varying optimal conditions of plant efficiency depending on fuel patterns. The regenerative cycle may have the turbine inlet temperature at about 1,000 degrees C. The inlet pressure would be ten and odds atmospheric pressure. It is better to keep the inlet temperature higher in order to obtain high specific power. Reduction of power generation cost in using this plant requires that construction cost be decreased, and the specific power be increased if the plant efficiency (in other words, running cost) is assumed constant. Further development is required on technologies to use higher temperatures and pressures. For that purpose, discussions should be given on material development, structural design, and inspection. Hydrogen gas turbines, which present low pollution depending on combustion methods, have great significance for such social problem as environmental contamination. In terms of economy, since hydrogen gas turbines depend on efficiency and fuel unit cost, the evaluation thereon may vary depending on how well the regenerative gas turbines have been established, in addition to future change in hydrogen price and the technologies to use higher temperatures and pressures. (NEDO)

Achievement report on research and development in the Sunshine Project in fiscal 1976. Comprehensive discussion on hydrogen utilizing subsystems and research on peripheral technologies (Research for aircraft engines); 1976 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Koku engine ni kansuru kenkyu (furoku)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1977-05-01

This paper introduces two out of six theses related to hydrogen fueled aircraft engines presented at the First World Hydrogen Energy Conference held in Miami in March 1976. One thesis mentions several initial prospects related to terrestrial requirements on hydrogen fueled transport aircraft. Liquefied hydrogen is attractive for large long-distance transport aircraft. Its high energy content can reduce the take-off full load weight by more than 30%, enhancing the economic effect of the aircraft. Saving fossil fuels will require national policy decisions in the near future, where introduction of liquefied hydrogen is more advantageous for long-distance aircraft. However, its introduction into wide-body transport aircraft being the major consumer requires transportation companies and airport authorities to carry out joint development with transport aircraft makers and liquefied hydrogen suppliers. The second thesis describes special natures of fuel subsystems for liquefied hydrogen fueled aircraft. Requirements to major fuel system elements and operation characteristics require evaluation as a comprehensive system, rather than as individual component criteria. In addition, hardware, experience and fuel systems as they are now in space development may not necessarily serve for the purpose. (NEDO)

Achievement report on research and development in the Sunshine Project in fiscal 1976. Comprehensive discussion on hydrogen utilizing subsystems and researches on peripheral technologies (Research related to automotive engines); 1976 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Jidosha engine ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1977-03-01

This paper discusses hydrogen fueled automotive engines. Because hydrogen has a very wide ignition mixture ratio limit for spark ignition engines, very lean combustion is possible without a need of throttling, and thermal efficiency in partial load is high. Thermal efficiency while a car is being driven is reportedly higher by 30% to 50%. Values for CO and CH in exhaust gas are negligible, while NOx is at about the same degree as in gasoline engines, which can be made extremely low during lean burn operation. The spontaneous ignition temperature is higher by about 200 degrees C than that of light oil, which presents difficulty in use for diesel engines. Because of small ignition energy and high combustion velocity, excessively early ignition and reverse ignition can occur easily. Hydrogen would be promising if new manufacturing systems are developed and production cost is reduced, and on the other hand, if petroleum price rises sharply. Hydrogen is also expected as a measure to prevent pollution, including that from soot, odor and CO2. The largest difficulty is in the transportation method, and the only possible method at the present is transportation in liquefied hydrogen form. However, practical application will have such problems as tanks, feeding devices, and cost. Development is desired on light-weight metallic hydrides. Technologies for safety and engine performance must also be developed. (NEDO)

Achievement report on research and development in the Sunshine Project in fiscal 1976. Comprehensive discussion on hydrogen utilizing subsystems and research on peripheral technologies (Comprehensive discussion on hydrogen utilizing subsystems); 1976 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1977-03-01

This paper describes comprehensive discussion on hydrogen utilizing subsystems. Hydrogen combustion is characterized by how low the ignition energy is, and how fast the flame propagates. In addition, flame stability is high also in diffusion combustion. However, the diffusion combustion produces a great amount of NOx, the amount varying depending on the degree of air pre-mixture. Since it causes reverse ignition very easily in the pre-mixture degree corresponding to low NOx zone, development of a burner with drastically new mechanism is demanded. In hydrogen fuel cells, the ratio of hydrogen fuel cost accounting for in the power generation cost is very high. As an automobile fuel, very much leaner combustion is possible than in conventional internal combustion engines, and ignition energy is small. However, such abnormal combustion as reverse ignition and early ignition may occur, and their prevention is an important assignment. Issues in aircraft engines are verification of safety, and cost of liquefied hydrogen. Steam turbines have reached their limit already, but gas turbines are expected of exciting efficiency improvement. This paper describes prospects on chemical utilization of hydrogen in the existing fields and new fields. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1976 on Sunshine Program. Comprehensive examination of hydrogen-utilizing subsystems and research on peripheral technologies (Survey and research on hydrogen production by quinon method); 1976 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sototeki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Kinonho ni yoru suiso seizoho ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

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1977-03-01

The quantum yield and conversion efficiency are measured during photosensitized water decomposition at an n-type TiO{sub 2} semiconductor electrode built from a rutile type single crystal, and the role of the TiO{sub 2} electrode is clearly defined. A method is tested of acquiring a photoactive TiO{sub 2} semiconductor as an oxide coating and an oxide coating electrode is fabricated, and its characteristics are determined and then compared with the above-said measurements. A WO{sub 3} semiconductor is manufactured, and its characteristics are compared with the above-said measurements. The mechanism of photosensitized decomposition at a semiconductor electrode is examined, and guidelines are established to follow for improvement on efficiency in semiconductor electrode-aided hydrogen production. Dark and light reactions are caused to occur by adding methyl viologen, potassium ferrocyanide, and potassium ferricyanide, and the photochemical reaction characteristics are clearly defined. Oxygen is generated by use of chloroplast. Use of an acrylamide membrane and an osmotic membrane enables a continuous 48-hour test. A solar beam is concentrated on a TiO{sub 2} electrode for a reaction of Q+H{sub 2}O{yields}QH{sub 2}+1/2O{sub 2}{up_arrow} to occur. A reaction of QH{sub 2}{yields}Q+H{sub 2}{up_arrow} is caused to occur as an electrode reaction. A current of 3.7mA and a voltage of 2.4mV are recorded on a fine day at the beginning of October, and 0.4mA and 0.2mV on a cloudy day. (NEDO)

FY 1974 report on the results of the Sunshine Project. Comprehensive study of hydrogen use subsystem and study on the periphery technology (Study on the hydrogen engine for airplane use); 1974 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Kokukiyo suiso engine ni kansuru chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1975-05-01

This study is aimed at using hydrogen as fuel for airplane engine in the study on the use of hydrogen energy to be made as one of the new energy developments. In the investigational study plan, technical/economical possibilities of the airplane engine using hydrogen as fuel and the airplane carrying the engine are grasped to make the details of the R and D clear by the end of FY 1976. By the end of FY 1974, the actual state in the world of the airplane engine using hydrogen as fuel and the airplane carrying the engine was grasped to make the problems clear. The detailed R and D are as follows. (1) Survey of the actual state of and the problems of the hydrogen engine in Japan and abroad (to be conducted in FY 1974). (2) Consideration of the conceptual design of the potential hydrogen engine, and possibility of the commercialization and prediction of the time of the commercialization (to be conducted in FY 1975). (3) Survey of type, performance, etc. of the airplane carrying hydrogen engine, and the actual economical value and demand (to be conducted in FY 1976). This paper described the results of the survey on hydrogen general and hydrogen use airplane. (NEDO)

FY 1974 report on the results of the Sunshine Project. Comprehensive study of hydrogen use subsystem and study on the periphery technology (Investigational study on the hydrogen production method by the quinone method); 1974 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Kinonho ni yoru suiso seizoho ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1975-05-01

This is aimed at making an investigational study on the hydrogen production from water by means of quinone compounds. The paper studied a preparation method in case of using n-TiO2 photosemiconductor and p-GaAs and Gap photosemiconductor to photoelectrode as catalysts of this reaction. The reaction from p-benzoquinone to p-hydroquinone by reaction with H2O were studied in terms of photochemical reaction, and light reaction/dark reaction of photosemiconductor electrode. As a result, it was found out that this reaction easily advances by the photochemical reaction by solar light, and also that it advances by the counter electrode Pt electrode reaction in the water electrolysis of n-TiO2 photosemiconductor electrode. The H2 production reaction from p-hydrogquinone was studied in terms of the photochemical reaction, photosemiconductor electrode reaction, and effects of the catalysis of electron transport of metal salts, methylviologen, etc. As a result, in the n-TiO2 photosemiconductor electrode reaction, H2 formation was not as great as it can be confirmed. However, it was found that p-hydroquinone can produce H2 under the existence of methylviologen or Fe salts. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technology commercializing photovoltaic power generation system. Research and development of power generation application system and peripheral technologies (Survey and research on evaluation of photovoltaic power generation); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (taiyoko hatsuden hyoka no chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

With an objective of evaluating the contribution to the global environment of utilization of photovoltaic power generation, discussions were given on evaluation of photovoltaic system life cycle, evaluation of contribution to environment, and total evaluation. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. In evaluating the PV system life cycle, the roof-integrated modules using the thin film CdTe cells were selected as the evaluation object to estimate the energy payback time (EPT) and the CO2 emission unit consumption rate. In case of annual production of 10 MW, the EPT is 1.8 years and the CO2 emission unit consumption rate is 13 (g-C/kWh), which were found largely reducible by expanding the annual production size. For the environmental contribution evaluation which focuses on CO2 emission suppression effect as the discussion object, discussions are being given on the introduction scenario needed for the analysis. In the total evaluation, the direct employment effect assumed in Japan was discussed on production, distribution sales, installation, maintenance control and dismantling of photovoltaic generation system for residential use. The discussion showed the effect of about 7 persons per year per MW in production size of 100 MW. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power utilizing system and peripheral technologies (Research on meteorological data for design optimization); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (saiteki sekkei no tame no kisho data no chosa kenkyu)

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2000-03-01

For collecting solar radiation data necessary for the prediction of power to be outputted by photovoltaic power systems in Japan, detailed experiments and observations were conducted with an emphasis placed on the amount of solar radiation on a slope facing north and on the amount of solar radiation broken down by wavelength. Models were analyzed, and the fiscal 1999 results were compiled. In the validation of a model of solar radiation on an inclined surface, a review was conducted using the 1-year data observed at the Takasaki station for all directions, including solar radiation on the slope facing north, and the validity of the model was confirmed. As for the validation of a model for estimating solar radiation by duration of sunshine, it was examined for accuracy using the same data, and was found to be fairly high in accuracy. For the maintenance of solar radiation data for each wavelength, continuous observation was conducted for each wavelength of solar radiation at the Takasaki station using a multi-filter spectroradiometer, and a technique was established to determine spectral distribution using the observed data. Moreover, continuous observation of global diffused solar radiance was conducted using a sky scanner at the said station and solar cell power generation characteristics was continuously monitored. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Research and development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Investigations and researches on evaluations of photovoltaic power generation); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (taiyoko hatsuden hyoka no chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1999-03-01

Values given to global environment and economy by utilization of photovoltaic power generation are evaluated, and quantified to make clear the significance of the utilization thereof. Specifically, trial calculations were performed on LCA and damaging characteristics of photovoltaic systems, and reducible amount of carbon dioxide emission. Taking up thin film CdTe cells as the object, estimation was made on the energy payback time (EPT) and CO2 emission amount. The production scale ranges over 10 MW/ 30 MW/ 100 MW annually, the useful life is 20 years, and the unit requirement for CO2 emission originated from the charged electric power is 114 g-C/kWh. The EPT was 1.74 in the annual production of 10 MWp, 1.08 in 100 MWp, the unit requirement for CO2 emission was 14.0 in the annual production of 10 MWp, and 8.9 in 100 MWp. This is one of severals of that in the existing power supply source. For heavy metals, particularly Pb, the trial calculation resulted in 0.15 g/Wp in the crystalline type, and 0.1 g/Wp in the amorphous type. The problem therewith is separation and recovery. The reducible amount of carbon dioxide, or in other words, the amount of power that can be generated latently is 37,235 GWh/year, or 3.10 million tons when converted into carbon dioxide. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Research and development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Investigations and researches on large-size energy supply system); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (ogata energy kyokyu system no chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

With an objective to propose large-size system development scenarios assuming installations in deserts, the following investigations have been carried out: (1) collection of data on societies, economy, and energies in China and other countries where the large systems are assumed to be installed, (2) in order to reduce the costs, comparison was given on power generation cost by using a fixed tracking frame, a single axial tracking frame, and a biaxial tracking frame, (3) in order to evaluate the life cycle, discussions were given on the required energy inputs for system equipment, transmission and transformer equipment, and the installation construction to estimate the energy payback time (EPT) and CO2 emission unit requirement, and (4) discussions on development scenarios. In Item (1), while China expects on natural gas and atomic energy as the supply source, 80% of the energy would be supplied from coal in 2010. The development of new energies in India would further be delayed than in China. In item (2), the trially calculated power generation costs in Mongol by using the fixed frame, single axial tracking frame, and biaxial tracking frame were 8.72, 8.23 and 6.94 yen per watt. In Item (3) The EPT was two years or less in a 100-MW system, and the CO2 emission unit requirements in the silicon systems were 10 to 19 kg-C/kWh. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology - Research and survey of peripheral element technologies (Research on practical application of set solar cell); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / shuhen yoso gijutsu ni kansuru chosa kenkyu (shisshiki taiyo denchi jitsuyoka kanosei chosa)

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1999-03-01

Possibility of practical application of dye-sensitized solar cells (Graezel cells) is discussed. Fine titania particle preparation conditions and titania thin-film electrodes were optimized and an energy conversion efficiency of 7.7% was accomplished. The screen printing method was applied to the manufacture of dye-sensitized electrodes, and performance governing factors were grasped. The use of the screen printing method resulted in a conversion efficiency of 6-8.4% when the factors were optimized. Though lower than the 10% in the Graezel report, values near that were obtained. The status of latest research and development is compiled involving studies about electron transfer dynamics in dye-sensitized solar cells, manufacture of sensitizing dyes and mesoscopic metal oxide thin-film, electron transfer layers and their physical properties, and solidification of hole transfer layers. Research was conducted aiming at their practical application, and tasks and problems in each of the said items were point out. A logical approach to achieve high conversion efficiency was deliberated, and studies were made about how to propel forward endeavors involving design guidelines for high-performance sensitizing dyes, design and preparation guidelines for thin film for electrodes, analysis of stability, solidification of the redox electrolyte, etc. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Research and development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Investigations and researches on meteorological data for optimal design); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (saiteki sekkei no tame no kisho data no chosa kenkyu)

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NONE

1999-03-01

Observations are being made in Takasaki City, Gunma Prefecture on insolation, putting emphasis on the north side, and insolation by wavelengths to put insolation estimation model on the north side slope into order. This is an attempt to put into order by using the model the data for insolation on slope in all azimuth, taking the meteorological offices all over the country as the object. With regard to monthly average insolation, it was verified that the existing estimation model can be applied to the north slope in the Takasaki area, whereas trial calculations were performed on the average daily cumulative insolation by azimuth and inclination angle in the Takasaki observation points. As a result, it was made clear that the insolation onto north side roofs in Japan is about 70% of that on the south side. With respect to the time cumulative slope insolation, it was made clear that the Perez's cumulative model can be applied to the Takasaki area. Spectral distribution of global and scattered solar radiation was put into order by insolation to have verified that the stronger the global solar radiation intensity, the greater the occupation ratio of shorter waves increases, or in other words, the spectral distribution of the global insolation can be formulated. Sky distribution of radiation is being measured by means of measuring the sky scanning type radiation and luminance distribution. (NEDO)

FY 1997 - FY 2000 reports on the results of the development of commercialization technology of the photovoltaic power system. Summary. R and D of the photovoltaic power generation utilization system/periphery technology (R and D of high reliability storage batteries); 1997-2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho (Sokatsu ban). - Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu, Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (Koshinraisei chikuden sochi no kenkyu kaihatsu)

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2001-03-01

The R and D/evaluation were made from FY 1997 to FY 2000 of lead storage batteries that are applicable to the use for the absorption of abrupt power variations in photovoltaic power generation and peak shift/emergency use power source, and the results were summed up. In the study for prolonging the life, the following were carried out: development of the inexpensive corrosion-resistant lead alloy positive grid applicable to the photovoltaic power generation, development of the negative active material with a high sulfation control effect, selection of silica powder as electrolyte retainer, development of the charging control technology by the multi-stage constant current method, etc. As a result, energy density of the battery was more than 70W/L as a target, and the target life of 3,000 cycles was achieved in the life test. Further, cost reduction and deterioration judgment were studied. In the study of the group of batteries, a management system for group of batteries was developed. As a result of the 1-year field test, there were no problems on durability of the storage case, temperature difference among batteries, rise in temperature, etc. As to the developed seal type lead storage battery, the applicability to the photovoltaic power generation was acquired. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power utilizing system and peripheral technologies (Research and development of novel type solar cell module integratable with building materials - Highly durable roof module); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinkenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi module no kenkyu kaihatsu - kotaikyusei yane module)

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2000-03-01

A thin-film solar array, a large roof panel, and an interconnecting power conditioner are integrated into one and single structural member for the development of a residential photovoltaic power system in which a unit AC (alternating current) output is collected from each panel. In fiscal 1999, in the study of highly durable materials for solar cell modules and of their structure, a thin film compound solar cell module was enlarged to 82cm times 71cm, evaluated for performance, and installed on the third test house. In the study of collecting AC power from the solar cell module, a compact power conditioner for a roof panel which had been in test operation on the roof of the laboratory since 1998 was checked for practical performance, improved, and evaluated for system generation efficiency. In the study of a highly durable roof module structure, problems pertaining to heat radiation from the rear side steel sheet, the burning of the junction box, etc., were solved, and the module passed a verification test under the Building Standard Law. In the validation of the roof module for which power generation performance and meteorological conditions had already been continuously measured for 19 months, it was found that the roof module suffered no troubles such as water leak or deformation. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology (Survey of peripheral element technologies - Survey of novel voltaic cell structure solar cell development); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (shuhen yoso gijutsu ni kansuru chosa kenkyu - shinhatsuden soshi kozo taiyo denchi kaitaku no chosa kenkyu)

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2000-03-01

The present state and trend are surveyed of organic ferroelectric thin films, new carbon materials, fullerene compounds, and thermophotovoltaic (TPV) power. In the study of organic ferroelectric thin-film solar cells, the effort still remains at the basic stage, with the conversion rate as low as 3% in Europe and 2% in Japan. The progress of basic studies, however, is worth attention. It is deemed that 15% is the photoconversion rate to be currently expected from new carbon material solar cells. Fullerene compounds include some semiconductors whose bandgap values may be controlled across a 0.75-1.95eV range, and they may find their place in thin-film solar cells. However, their physical properties are not fully known, and their development into devices such as solar cells is scarcely reported. The research and development of TPV in the U.S. is led by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory), with their efforts concentrated on the development of portable power sources utilizing combustion heat. In Europe, TPV application to small-scale residential cogeneration systems is under study. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Research and development of building material integrated solar cell modules - high-durability roof modules); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinkenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi module no kenkyu kaihatsu (kotaikyusei yane module))

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1999-03-01

With the target set on a system with a roof array efficiency of 8.5%, and a system cost of 170 yen/W, development is being made on a large roof panel and its construction technology, which is capable of AC output by integrating into a large roof panel the compound thin film solar cells having glass/CdS/CdTe/rear air chamber/rear metal, and the inverter. In the cell constituting materials and the structure design, sealants were evaluated, the painting process was developed, and two kinds of structures were prepared. The frameless type has a lamination structure, and a prototype module of 886 times 664 mm was fabricated, and the frame type has a double sealing structure, and a prototype module 600 times 900 mm was fabricated. Prototype modules that can be fixed on a rail type fixing stand were fabricated and constructed, having demonstrated sufficient workability. In addition, a prototype small inverter with system coordination protection was operated actually, and the initial stage malfunctions were corrected. Two demonstration buildings were built, and the whole process was performed from assembly and transportation of the modules and to the installation thereof at the construction site. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology (Survey of peripheral element technologies - Survey of environmental adaptation of next-generation solar cell development); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (shuhen yoso gijutsu ni kansuru chosa kenkyu - jisedai taiyo denchi kaihatsu kankyo tekioka chosa)

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2000-03-01

Surveys are conducted of photovoltaic power system development projects and their utilization in Japan and overseas, and a discussion is made on the progress, technical challenges, effects, and implementation systems relating to the solar cell application technology development project under the New Sunshine Program. Compiled in the report are the results of surveys of the research and development of photovoltaic power systems and their diffusion in the U.S. and European nations, and the research and development strategies for and the trends of the development of various types of solar cells in these countries. The trends of research and development of non-conventional type solar cells are also collected, which include 3 cases of TPV (thermophotovoltaic) devices, 5 cases of new inorganic materials, 1 case of new organic materials, and 4 cases of dye-sensitized solar cells. In relation to the status of resources of crystalline compound-based solar cell materials, raw materials for solar cells other than silicon are taken up, and their reserves, manufacturing methods, quantities yielded and consumed, costs, etc., are surveyed. These are all taken into consideration in discussing the basic approach to the study of future research and development as it ought to be. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for fiscal 2000. Development of photovoltaic power system commercialization technology (Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology - Surveys and studies of peripheral key technologies/Feasibility study of wet-type solar cell commercialization); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu - Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, Shuhen yoso gijutsu ni kansuru chosa kenkyu - Shissiki taiyo denchi jitsuyoka kanosei chosa

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2001-03-01

Dye-sensitized solar cell commercialization was studied for feasibility. Studies were made about photoelectric conversion efficiency and various factors supposedly to affect the life and other properties, and a wet-type (dye-sensitized type) solar cell was fabricated. In an endurance test, the dye-sensitized solar cell retained its initial performance after 3,500 hours of continuous irradiation. A 16 cm{sup 2}-large integrated type Graetzel cell was fabricated, and it achieved a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 4.6%. Furthermore, in the study of Graetzel cells, possibility of the creation of new electrolytic solutions was discussed, a non-TiO{sub 2} dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated based on the self-assembled electrodeposition of the ZnO dye, and the feasibility was deliberated of a dye-sensitized solar sell using a composite oxide semiconductor. Concerning their development in the future, it was concluded that dye-sensitized solar cells including the Graetzel cell were equipped with the basic characteristics of a next-generation solar cell that would be requested to be low in cost and high in performance. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for fiscal 2000. Development of photovoltaic power system commercialization technology (Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology - Surveys and studies of peripheral key technologies/Surveys of ultrahigh-efficiency solar cell application fields); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu - Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, Shuhen yoso gijutsu ni kansuru chosa kenkyu (Chokokoritsu taiyo denchi tou oyo bunya kaitaku chosa)

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NONE

2001-03-01

Surveys and studies were conducted in order to make propositions concerning the fields of application wherein the merits of ultrahigh-efficiency solar cells would be fully utilized. A questionnaire was held about solar cell application fields, and studies were made about new systems based on the need in the market for specific solar cell goods and capable of supporting their mass diffusion. Proposed as the result was the establishment of a rental (lease) system for photovoltaic power systems, a local photovoltaics advisory system, a market for used photovoltaic power systems, and so forth. In the feasibility study of photovoltaic power generation on unused land in agricultural villages, surveys were conducted concerning energy problems, the energy structure, the actual state of energy consumption, the abandoned farm and its utilization, and so forth. Propositions involving photovoltaic power feasibility were then made, which covered power consumption for greenhouse culture, energy supply for producing methanol out of biomass, power sources for insect incapacitating yellow fluorescent lamps, power sources for livestock barn air-conditioning, power sources for animal excretion treatment, and so forth. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power utilizing system and peripheral technologies (Research and development of novel type solar cell module integratable with building materials - Novel multilayer structure module); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinkenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi module no kenkyu kaihatsu - shinfukuso kozo module)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The project aims to develop solar cell modules of a novel multilayer structure, based on the resin filling structure, hollow structure, and the laminate structure, and integratable with building materials. In fiscal 1999, for the development of cells and submodule structures, cells and submodules were fabricated which were usable with various specimens. In the case of design oriented cells, electrode structures and linkage methods were improved for the enhancement of power generation performance, and a hollow structure and a laminate structure were fabricated. As for the 4m{sup 2}-large module (laminate structure), a specimen with dummy cells arranged along its periphery was fabricated. For cost reduction, a study was made about a module (laminate structure) integrated with an ALC (autoclaved lightweight concrete) board, and the kind of surface glass, cell arrangement, and back sheet types and their respective designs were evaluated. It was then concluded that the module was fit for practical application. The module was then checked for wind endurance in a wind endurance test, for electric characteristics, and for flame inhibition capability in a fire prevention/resistance test. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for fiscal 2000. Development of photovoltaic power system commercialization technology (Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology - Surveys and studies of peripheral key technologies/Surveys of environmentally-friendliness enhancement for next-generation solar cell development); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu - Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (Shuhen yoso gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu chosa, Jisedai taiyodenchi kaihatsu kankyo tekioka chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Though the trends of solar cell development are becoming increasingly diverse across the world, yet none has emerged to promise a stable solar cell supply in the future. Under the circumstances, studies were conducted to clarify strategies for solar cell technology development which would be well adapted to Japan's social environments, with the trends of development in the United States and European countries taken into consideration. The surveys covered the research and development and diffusion of photovoltaic power generation in the United States and European countries, and their solar cell research and development strategies and trends of development were put together. Surveys were also conducted into the research and development of unconventional types of solar cells, such as the dye-sensitized solar cell, organic solar cell, conjugate polymer solar cell, and the polymer/C{sub 60} based solar cell, and into the status of resources of materials for solar cells such as gallium, arsenic, cadmium, tellurium, indium, selenium, and germanium. Regarding the future of photovoltaic power generation research and development, it was concluded that commercialization technology development and basic research and development should continue. Also pointed out was the importance of the enlargement of the market for photovoltaic power generation systems. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for fiscal 2000. Development of photovoltaic power system commercialization technology (Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology - Surveys and studies of peripheral key technologies/Surveys of environmentally-friendliness enhancement for next-generation solar cell development); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu - Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (Shuhen yoso gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu chosa, Jisedai taiyodenchi kaihatsu kankyo tekioka chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Though the trends of solar cell development are becoming increasingly diverse across the world, yet none has emerged to promise a stable solar cell supply in the future. Under the circumstances, studies were conducted to clarify strategies for solar cell technology development which would be well adapted to Japan's social environments, with the trends of development in the United States and European countries taken into consideration. The surveys covered the research and development and diffusion of photovoltaic power generation in the United States and European countries, and their solar cell research and development strategies and trends of development were put together. Surveys were also conducted into the research and development of unconventional types of solar cells, such as the dye-sensitized solar cell, organic solar cell, conjugate polymer solar cell, and the polymer/C{sub 60} based solar cell, and into the status of resources of materials for solar cells such as gallium, arsenic, cadmium, tellurium, indium, selenium, and germanium. Regarding the future of photovoltaic power generation research and development, it was concluded that commercialization technology development and basic research and development should continue. Also pointed out was the importance of the enlargement of the market for photovoltaic power generation systems. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Research and development of building material integrated solar cell modules - modules with new multi-layer structure); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinkenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi module no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinfukuso kozo module))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Development is being made on a panel type module that can be used together with an air bubble concrete board (ALC board), and is provided with design characteristics. The development work includes trial fabrication and evaluation of a module with new multi-layer structure, and development of a technology to unitize cells and submodules, and a systematizing method. In the trial fabrication and evaluation, flame retardant and uninflammable modules using fluororesin, and modules with as large area as 4 m{sup 2} were fabricated on a trial basis, in addition to the modules with the basic structure. These modules were given evaluations on such wall material properties as wind pressure resistance, heat and cracking resistance, and fire resistance. In a deformation resistance test considering the integrated use with the ALC board, the developed modules showed a good result. In developing the cells with design characteristics, discussions were given on the inter-cell wiring methods. Development was made on a method to establish a unit structure based on the design and size of a building. In developing the systematization method, the trial fabrication method was applied to a module with lamination structure, a module integrated with the ALC board, and a large-area hollow module to have fabricated the top-light spandrels. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power utilizing system and peripheral technologies (Research and development for enhancing reliability of photovoltaic power generation - Research on long-term reliability of inverter); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (taiyoko hatsuden no shinraisei kojo ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu - inverter no choki shinraisei no chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

In fiscal 1999, the power conditioner which is the primary component of a photovoltaic power system was subjected to an accelerated test, etc., for the evaluation of its durability. For the accelerated test, operating conditions were so set that acceleration be implemented according to Arrhenius' law at ambient temperature 40 degrees C and relative humidity 36%. For the operation of the power conditioner, it was so set that the operation duration be 3.5 hours with a rest time of 4.5 hours for the night or the like. In the accelerated test conducted as in the previous year, 1100 cycles were completed recording the maximum, equivalent to approximately 8-1/2 years according to Arrhenius' law. After the test, no life affecting changes were detected in specimen device A, B, or D. Specimen C, however, failed during the test. As for the evaluation of durability of components, the electrolytic capacitor in the power conditioner was named. Reliability related literature was investigated and a durability evaluation test was started, with consideration given to the voltage to apply and service temperature. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Research and development of new building material integrated solar cell modules - investigation and research on analysis of practical application); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinkenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi module no kenkyu kaihatsu (jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

In order to promote the research to put new building material integrated solar cell modules into practical use, the following items were investigated: (1) functions and specifications for harmonizing with buildings, (2) new module materials that can respond to building materials, (3) marketability, (4) standardization of the assessment methods, (5) consistency with relevant legislation and related institutions, (6) effects on environment as building materials, and (7) investigation on technological trends inside and outside the country. In Item (1), the significance of developing the new building material integrated solar cell modules was made clear. In Item (2), the performance requirements on the currently used module materials were put into order. In Item (3), the market size was investigated, and assignments to establishing the market were put into order, such as the distribution and construction institutions, and assistance to the system introduction. In Item (4), standardization and unification of the assessment methods were discussed, and the items to be standardized were extracted. In Item (6), LCA on the currently used modules was performed. In Item (7), participation was made to the second solar beam power generation conference and EUROSUN '98; investigations were made on trends of developing the new building material integrated solar cell modules and how the recycling related legislation is being progressed; and the achievements in the development activities were confirmed, and the assignments were investigated at the new building material integrated solar cell module subcommittee. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of commercialization technology of the photovoltaic power system. R and D of the photovoltaic power generation utilization system/periphery technology (R and D of the new solar cell module integrated with construction materials - Investigative study on analysis for commercialization); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu, Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system, shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (Shinkenzai ittaigata taiyodenchi mojuru no kenkyu kaihatsu - Jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For the purpose of supporting the study for commercialization of the new module integrated with construction materials, survey of the technical trend of the new module integrated with construction materials in Japan and abroad was conducted, and the FY 2000 results were summarized. As to the module material correspondent to construction materials, the results of the survey made in the past three years were summarized, and the subjects to be considered in future were arranged from a viewpoint of disposal/recycle of modules. Concerning the marketability, various policies for the spread of solar cell module that is an immature good were arranged. Survey was also made of the photovoltaic power system using the field test project as a sample, and the following were made clear: The photovoltaic power generation has appeal for environmental consideration and energy conservation; In some cases, the power generation effect was not as much as expected because the information on design/construction is not sufficient. Relating to the evaluation of its effect on the environment, the paper summarized the environmental influence in each of the module methods at each stage of production/utilization/disposal and the basic items for measures to cope with the influence. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Research and development of a technology to forecast environmental effect in association with isolation of carbon dioxide in oceans. (Surveys on development and research support on a technology to forecast environmental effect in areas in the vicinity of CO2 discharging points); 1998 nendo nisanka tanso no kaiyo kakuri ni tomonau kankyo eikyo yosoku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. CO{sub 2} horyuten shuhen'iki no kankyo eikyo yosoku gijutsu no kaihatsu narabini kenkyu shien chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Atmospheric concentration of CO2 is increasing, and discussions are urged on measures to suppress emission of CO2 into atmosphere. While different CO2 fixing technologies may be conceived, there is a technology to utilize CO2 absorbing capability of ocean by discharging and dissolving CO2 artificially into middle layer of the ocean to separate CO2 from atmosphere. This technology is one of the technologies which are promising in the aspects of technology, economic performance, and possible amount of CO2 reduction. However, it is difficult to say that scientific and technological discussions have been given sufficiently on behavior of CO2 discharged into the ocean, effect of the discharge on environments, and CO2 separation capability of the ocean. Therefore, in the present research and development, a 'technology to forecast environmental effect in areas in the vicinity of CO2 discharging points' is developed to serve for acquiring technological prospect on the feasibility to realize the CO2 ocean separation by discharging CO2 into the middle layer of the ocean. The present fiscal year has performed researches on the following research and development items: elucidation of behavior of liquefied CO2 when discharged into the ocean, CO2 feeding and diluting technologies, indoor experiments on the effects of CO2 on ocean living organisms, and development of a model to forecast environments in areas in the vicinity of CO2 discharging points. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power utilizing system and peripheral technologies (Research and development for enhancing reliability of photovoltaic power generation - Research on environmental measures for compound solar cell modules); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (taiyoko hatsuden no shinraisei kojo ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu - kagobutsu taiyo denchi module no kankyo taisaku no chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Research is conducted to properly deal with environmental problems, such as compromised solar cell safety, which may follow the mass introduction and diffusion of photovoltaic power systems. In the research of fiscal 1999 on technical literature on environmental measures against lead and animal tests, a need was found to reduce lead in power systems and to grasp lead elution characteristics for the establishment of environmental measures. In a safety test conducted for thin-film CIS (copper indium diselenide) based solar cells, basic data were collected about the vaporization rate of Se, the effect of moisture on the Se vaporization rate, etc. Basic data were also collected about the relationship between the combustion temperature and the amount of scattered lead in particular from the solder used as the conducting material in silicon based solar cells. In the evaluation of the environmental impact of thin-film CIS solar cells in case of fire, it was found that Se concentration below 10-20m in the plume was near the permissible concentration of 0.1mg/m{sup 3} as recommended by Japan Society for Occupational Health and that the concentration levels predicted for the periphery were two orders of magnitude smaller than the mandatory level. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology - Research and survey of peripheral element technologies (Research and survey for development of solar cell of new power generation device structure); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / shuhen yoso gijutsu ni kansuru chosa kenkyu (shinhatsuden soshi kozo taiyo denchi kaitaku no chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Attention is paid to behavior at the molecular level with reference taken to the photosynthetic mechanism, and a behavioral mechanism is proposed, which incorporates, in place of the conventional band model, a concept of a molecular structure based on electron transfer, excitation energy transfer, and reactions of oxidation and reduction. Discussion is then made on elements of technology development for the embodiment of high-efficiency organic ferroelectric thin-film solar cells. The elements taken up include the feasibility of organic ferroelectric thin-film cells, photoelctric conversion systems of plants and photosynthetic bacteria, solar cells using donor-acceptor type dyes, organic thin-film solar cells using conductive polymers, and efficient photoexcitation of organic dyes. Fullerene compounds are semiconductive and their band gaps may be controlled to stay within the range of 0.75-1.9eV, and this justifies a hope that they will serve as solar cells. As for TPV (thermophotovoltaic) conversion, it is under development mainly at NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) as a transportable power source based on heat of combustion. Efforts are also being exerted since 1990 in five European countries to develop TPV systems for small-scale cogeneration. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the results of the R and D project on the industrial technology for the global environment. R and D of the prediction technology of environmental effects brought by CO2 ocean sequestration (Development of prediction technology of environmental effects around the point of CO2 discharge and the research support survey); 1999 nendo chikyu kankyo sangyo gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo NEDO seika hokokusho. Nisankatanso no kaiyo kakuri ni tomonau kankyo eikyo yosoku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu (CO2 horyuten shuhen'iki no kankyo eikyo yosoku gijutsu no kaihatsu narabini kenkyu shien chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

For the purpose of studying viability of CO2 ocean sequestration by discharging it at the intermediate depth of ocean, the R and D were conducted of 'prediction technology of environmental effects around the point of CO2 discharge,' and the FY 1999 results were summarized. In the study of elucidation of behavior of liquid CO2 at the time of discharge, melting speed of CO2 in water and seawater, 2D CO2 concentration distribution, etc. were measured using the circulation type deep-sea simulation experimental equipment. In the study of technology to send CO2 into the sea and dilute it, the process test using mock liquid was conducted. In the indoor experiment on CO2 effects on marine organisms, conducted were the detailed experiment on long-term effects of low concentration CO2 on sea urchins and shellfish, experiment on CO2 acute effects on eggs/fry and experiment on CO2 effects on adult fish. In the developmental study of the model to predict environmental effects around the point of CO2 discharge, carried out were the improvement of the model for prediction of effects on marine organisms, study of the CO2 diffusion in topographic features supposed to be Hawaii, etc. In the international joint study, measurement/observation technology, facilities, etc. were studied in preparation for the experiment actually conducted in the sea. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the project on the R and D of the global environmental industry technology. R and D of the technology for predicting environmental effects associated with the CO2 ocean sequestration (Development of the technology for predicting environmental effects in the area around the CO2 discharge point and survey for supporting study); 2000 nendo chikyu kankyo sangyo gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo. Nisanka tanso no kaiyo kakuri ni tomonau kankyo eikyo yosoku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu (CO2 horyuten shuhen'iki no kankyo eikyo yosoku gijutsu no kaihatsu narabini kenkyu shien chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-03-01

To obtain the technical outlook for CO2 ocean sequestration by CO2 discharge into the intermediate layer, the R and D was conducted of the technology for predicting environmental effects in the area around the CO2 discharge point, and the FY 2000 results were summed up. In the elucidation study of the behavior at the time of discharging liquid CO2, the melting process of CO2 droplets discharged/dispersed into the seawater of the intermediate layer was observed, and the specific phenomenon of hydrate formation in the process of CO2 droplet formation was grasped. As to the technology for sending CO2 into the ocean and diluting it, experimental study was made of CO2 transportation technology from on the sea to the intermediate layer, technology for rapid dilution immediately after discharge, etc. About the indoor experiment on the CO2 influence on marine organisms, experiment on the CO2 influence was carried out using shells, sea urchin, red sea bream, etc. In the developmental study of models for predicting environmental effects in the area around the CO2 discharge point, the 3D two-phase flow LES model was developed as a model for predicting the CO2 behavior, and the simulation of the liquid CO2 discharge was made at the planned experimental site. The model for evaluation of the biological influence was also made which can consider the interaction between two kinds of organisms. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of commercialization technology of the photovoltaic power system. Summary. R and D of the photovoltaic power generation utilization system/periphery technology (R and D on the improvement of reliability of photovoltaic power generation - Investigative study of long-term reliability of inverter - Separate volume: Data on the life evaluation test); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho(Sokatsu ban). Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu, Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (Taiyokohatsuden no shinraisei kojo ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu - Inbata no choki shinraisei no chosa kenkyu - Bessatsu : Jumyo hyoka shiken datashu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For the purpose of establishing a life evaluation method for power conditioner of about several kilowatts for general housing use, the acceleration test was made, and the data were summarized for maintenance of power quality, cooperation with the protection system at power system, insuring of safety of personnel/facilities, etc. As to the acceleration method, by paying attention to heat deterioration of thermal plasticity materials being used for power conditioner and by using the acceleration method using the 10-degree C half law by the Arrhenius law, temperature and humidity were set at 40 degrees C and 36%, respectively. The operation hour and stopping time were fixed at 3.5 hours and 4.5 hours, respectively. The life evaluation measurement by the acceleration test was composed of the continuous evaluation measurement with the aim of early finding the degradation of performance, anomaly, etc. of power conditioner and of the evaluation measurement at specified intervals with the aim of precisely measuring the state of degradation of power conditioner. As a result of the continuous evaluation measurement, the paper reported the data on the rise in temperature inside the power conditioner during the acceleration test and the change in electric characteristics of input/output. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the results of the R and D project on the industrial technology for the global environment. R and D of the prediction technology of environmental effects brought by CO2 ocean sequestration (Development of prediction technology of environmental effects around the point of CO2 discharge and the research support survey); 1999 nendo chikyu kankyo sangyo gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo NEDO seika hokokusho. Nisankatanso no kaiyo kakuri ni tomonau kankyo eikyo yosoku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu (CO2 horyuten shuhen'iki no kankyo eikyo yosoku gijutsu no kaihatsu narabini kenkyu shien chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

For the purpose of studying viability of CO2 ocean sequestration by discharging it at the intermediate depth of ocean, the R and D were conducted of 'prediction technology of environmental effects around the point of CO2 discharge,' and the FY 1999 results were summarized. In the study of elucidation of behavior of liquid CO2 at the time of discharge, melting speed of CO2 in water and seawater, 2D CO2 concentration distribution, etc. were measured using the circulation type deep-sea simulation experimental equipment. In the study of technology to send CO2 into the sea and dilute it, the process test using mock liquid was conducted. In the indoor experiment on CO2 effects on marine organisms, conducted were the detailed experiment on long-term effects of low concentration CO2 on sea urchins and shellfish, experiment on CO2 acute effects on eggs/fry and experiment on CO2 effects on adult fish. In the developmental study of the model to predict environmental effects around the point of CO2 discharge, carried out were the improvement of the model for prediction of effects on marine organisms, study of the CO2 diffusion in topographic features supposed to be Hawaii, etc. In the international joint study, measurement/observation technology, facilities, etc. were studied in preparation for the experiment actually conducted in the sea. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the project on the R and D of the global environmental industry technology. R and D of the technology for predicting environmental effects associated with the CO2 ocean sequestration (Development of the technology for predicting environmental effects in the area around the CO2 discharge point and survey for supporting study); 2000 nendo chikyu kankyo sangyo gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo. Nisanka tanso no kaiyo kakuri ni tomonau kankyo eikyo yosoku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu (CO2 horyuten shuhen'iki no kankyo eikyo yosoku gijutsu no kaihatsu narabini kenkyu shien chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-03-01

To obtain the technical outlook for CO2 ocean sequestration by CO2 discharge into the intermediate layer, the R and D was conducted of the technology for predicting environmental effects in the area around the CO2 discharge point, and the FY 2000 results were summed up. In the elucidation study of the behavior at the time of discharging liquid CO2, the melting process of CO2 droplets discharged/dispersed into the seawater of the intermediate layer was observed, and the specific phenomenon of hydrate formation in the process of CO2 droplet formation was grasped. As to the technology for sending CO2 into the ocean and diluting it, experimental study was made of CO2 transportation technology from on the sea to the intermediate layer, technology for rapid dilution immediately after discharge, etc. About the indoor experiment on the CO2 influence on marine organisms, experiment on the CO2 influence was carried out using shells, sea urchin, red sea bream, etc. In the developmental study of models for predicting environmental effects in the area around the CO2 discharge point, the 3D two-phase flow LES model was developed as a model for predicting the CO2 behavior, and the simulation of the liquid CO2 discharge was made at the planned experimental site. The model for evaluation of the biological influence was also made which can consider the interaction between two kinds of organisms. (NEDO)