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Sample records for ng m-2 y-1

  1. On the simultaneous Pell equations x 2 - (4m 2 - 1)y 2 = y 2 - pz 2 ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Let m be a positive integer, and let p be an odd prime. By using certain properties of Pell and quartic diophantine equations with some elementary number theory methods, we prove that the system of equations x2 - (4m2 - 1)y2 = 1 and y2 - pz2 = 1 has positive integer solutions (x, y, z) if and only if p ≡ 7(mod 8) and m = 1/4 ...

  2. Prostate health index significantly reduced unnecessary prostate biopsies in patients with PSA 2-10 ng/mL and PSA >10 ng/mL: Results from a Multicenter Study in China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Na, Rong; Ye, Dingwei; Qi, Jun; Liu, Fang; Helfand, Brian T; Brendler, Charles B; Conran, Carly A; Packiam, Vignesh; Gong, Jian; Wu, Yishuo; Zheng, Siqun L; Mo, Zengnan; Ding, Qiang; Sun, Yinghao; Xu, Jianfeng

    2017-08-01

    The performance of prostate health index (phi) in predicting prostate biopsy outcomes has been well established for patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values between 2 and 10 ng/mL. However, the performance of phi remains unknown in patients with PSA >10 ng/mL, the vast majority in Chinese biopsy patients. We aimed to assess the ability of phi to predict prostate cancer (PCa) and high-grade disease (Gleason Score ≥7) on biopsy in a Chinese population. This is a prospective, observational, multi-center study of consecutive patients who underwent a transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy at four hospitals in Shanghai, China from August 2013 to December 2014. In the cohort of 1538 patients, the detection rate of PCa was 40.2%. phi had a significantly better predictive performance for PCa than total PSA (tPSA). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were 0.90 and 0.79 for phi and tPSA, respectively, P 10 ng/mL (N = 838, 54.5%). The detection rates of PCa were 35.9% and 57.7% in patients with tPSA 10.1-20 and 20.1-50 ng/mL, respectively. The AUCs of phi (0.79 and 0.89, for these two groups, respectively) were also significantly higher than tPSA (0.57 and 0.63, respectively), both P 10 ng/mL). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  3. Thermoelectric properties of p-type Ag{sub 1−x}(Pb{sub 1y}Sn{sub y}){sub m}Sb{sub 1−z}Te{sub m+2}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ahn, Kyunghan [Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 (United States); Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science, (IBS), Seoul 151-742 (Korea, Republic of); Kong, Huijun; Uher, Ctirad [Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Kanatzidis, Mercouri G., E-mail: m-kanatzidis@northwestern.edu [Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 (United States)

    2016-10-15

    The thermoelectric properties of Ag{sub 1−x}(Pb{sub 1y}Sn{sub y}){sub m}Sb{sub 1−z}Te{sub m+2} (4≤m≤16, −0.1≤x≤0.3, 1/3≤y≤2/3, 0.2≤z≤0.4; Lead Antimony Silver Tellurium Tin, LASTT-m) compositions were investigated in the temperature range of 300 to ~670 K. All samples crystallize in the average NaCl-type structure without any noticeable second phase and exhibit very narrow bandgaps of <0.1 eV. We studied a range of m values, silver concentrations (x), Pb/Sn ratios (y), and antimony concentrations (z) to determine their effects on the thermoelectric properties. The samples were investigated as melt grown polycrystalline ingots. Varying the Ag contents, the Pb/Sn ratios, and the Sb contents off-stoichiometry allowed us to control the electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient, and the thermal conductivity. The electrical conductivity tends to decrease with decreasing m values. The highest ZT of ~1.1 was achieved at ~660 K for Ag{sub 0.9}Pb{sub 5}Sn{sub 5}Sb{sub 0.8}Te{sub 12} mainly due to the very low lattice thermal conductivity of ~0.4 W/(m K) around 660 K. Also, samples with charge-balanced stoichiometries, Ag(Pb{sub 1y}Sn{sub y}){sub m}SbTe{sub m+2}, were studied and found to exhibit a lower power factor and higher lattice thermal conductivity than the Ag{sub 1−x}(Pb{sub 1y}Sn{sub y}){sub m}Sb{sub 1−z}Te{sub m+2} compositions. - Graphical abstract: The Ag{sub 1−x}(Pb{sub 1y}Sn{sub y}){sub m}Sb{sub 1−z}Te{sub m+2} system defines a complex and flexible class of tunable thermoelectric class of materials with high performance.

  4. Spatial organization of NG2 glial cells and astrocytes in rat hippocampal CA1 region.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Guangjin; Wang, Wei; Zhou, Min

    2014-04-01

    Similar to astrocytes, NG2 glial cells are uniformly distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). However, little is known about the interspatial relationship, nor the functional interactions between these two star-shaped glial subtypes. Confocal morphometric analysis showed that NG2 immunostained cells are spatially organized as domains in rat hippocampal CA1 region and that each NG2 glial domain occupies a spatial volume of ∼178, 364 μm(3) . The processes of NG2 glia and astrocytes overlap extensively; each NG2 glial domain interlaces with the processes deriving from 5.8 ± 0.4 neighboring astrocytes, while each astrocytic domain accommodates processes stemming from 4.5 ± 0.3 abutting NG2 glia. In CA1 stratum radiatum, the cell bodies of morphologically identified glial cells often appear to make direct somatic-somata contact, termed as doublets. We used dual patch recording and postrecording NG2/GFAP double staining to determine the glial identities of these doublets. We show that among 44 doublets, 50% were NG2 glia-astrocyte pairs, while another 38.6% and 11.4% were astrocyte-astrocyte and NG2 glia-NG2 glia pairs, respectively. In dual patch recording, neither electrical coupling nor intercellular biocytin transfer was detected in astrocyte-NG2 glia or NG2 glia-NG2 glia doublets. Altogether, although NG2 glia and astrocytes are not gap junction coupled, their cell bodies and processes are interwoven extensively. The anatomical and physiological relationships revealed in this study should facilitate future studies to understand the metabolic coupling and functional communication between NG2 glia and astrocytes. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  5. Properties of M1-M2-Si-Al-O-N glasses (M1 = La or Nd, M2 = Y or Er)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pomeroy, M.J.; Nestor, E.; Hampshire, S. [Limerick Univ. (Ireland). Materials and Surface Science Inst.; Ramesh, R. [Littelfuse Ireland, Dundalk, Co. Louth (Ireland)

    2002-07-01

    Mixed lanthanide cation oxynitride glasses have been prepared in the M1 - M2 - Si-Al-O-N systems where M1 = La or Nd and M2 = Y or Er. The densities ({rho}), Young's moduli (E), microhardnesses (H{sub v}), glass transition temperatures (T{sub g}), dilatometric softening temperatures (T{sub dil}) and coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of 13 glasses were determined. The molar volume values (MV) calculated from density data, E, H{sub v}, T{sub g}, T{sub dil} and CTE values were all found to vary linearly with the effective cation field strength arising from the M1 and M2 modifier cations. Least squares intercept and slope values are presented which correlate each property to effective cation field strength together with error values which arise from glass and specimen preparation and measurement inconsistencies. These linear correlations clearly indicate that the overall glass structure remains the same for each of the thirteen glasses with only the modifier cation(s) having any influence. This influence appears to be a cross-linking effect, the strength of which increases as the effective cation field strength of the M1, M2 modifiers increases. (orig.)

  6. Mild hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic and magnetic properties of the [MxIIM2.5-xIII(H2O)2(HPIIIO3)y(PVO4)2-yF] [M=Fe, x=2.08, y=1.58; M=Co, Ni, x=2.5, y=2] compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Orive, Joseba; Mesa, Jose L.; Legarra, Estibaliz; Plazaola, Fernando; Arriortua, Maria I.; Rojo, Teofilo

    2009-01-01

    The [M x II M 2.5-x III (H 2 O) 2 (HP III O 3 ) y (P V O 4 ) 2-y F] [M=Fe (1), x=2.08, y=1.58; M=Co (2), x=2.5, y=2; Ni (3), x=2.5, y=2] compounds have been synthesized using mild hydrothermal conditions at 170 deg. C during five days. Single-crystals of (1) and (2), and polycrystalline sample of (3) were obtained. These isostructural compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic system, space group Aba2, with a=9.9598(2), b=18.8149(4) and c=8.5751(2) A for (1), a=9.9142(7), b=18.570(1) and c=8.4920(5) A for (2) and a=9.8038(2), b=18.2453(2) and c=8.4106(1) A for (3), with Z=8 in the three phases. An X-ray diffraction study reveals that the crystal structure is composed of a three-dimensional skeleton formed by [MO 5 F] and [MO 4 F 2 ] (M=Fe, Co and Ni) octahedra and [HPO 3 ] tetrahedra, partially substituted by [PO 4 ] tetrahedra in phase (1). The IR spectra show the vibrational modes of the water molecules and those of the (HPO 3 ) 2- tetrahedral oxoanions. The thermal study indicates that the limit of thermal stability of these phases is 195 deg. C for (1) and 315 deg. C for (2) and (3). The electronic absorption spectroscopy shows the characteristic bands of the Fe(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) high-spin cations in slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Magnetic measurements indicate the existence of global antiferromagnetic interactions between the metallic centers with a ferromagnetic transition in the three compounds at 28, 14 and 21 K for (1), (2) and (3), respectively. Compound (1) exhibits a hysteresis loop with remnant magnetization and coercive field values of 0.72 emu/mol and 880 Oe, respectively. - Abstract: Polyhedral view of the crystal structure of the [M x II M 2.5-x III (H 2 O) 2 (HP III O 3 ) y (P IV O 4 ) 2-y F] [M=Fe, x=2.08, y=1.58; M=Co, Ni, x=2.5, y=2] compounds showing the sheets along the [001] direction.

  7. Nanostructuring and high thermoelectric efficiency in p-type Ag(Pb{sub 1-y}Sn{sub y}){sub m}SbTe{sub 2{sub +m}}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Androulakis, J; Hsu, K F; Pcionek, R; Kanatzidis, M G [Department of Chemistry, Michigan Sate University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1793 (United States); Kong, H; Uher, C [Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); D' Angelo, J J; Downey, A; Hogan, T [Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226 (United States)

    2006-05-02

    The p-type Ag(Pb{sub 1-y}Sn{sub y}){sub m}SbTe{sub 2{sub +m}} materials shown in the figure demonstrate promising thermoelectric properties that are controlled with the parameters y and m. They can reach a maximum figure of merit of {proportional_to} 1.45 at 630 K. This surpasses the figure of merit of the present state-of-the-art p-type materials such as TAGS (1.2) and PbTe (0.8) at comparable temperatures. (Abstract Copyright [2006], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

  8. Optimal screening interval for men with low baseline prostate-specific antigen levels (≤1.0 ng/mL) in a prostate cancer screening program.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Urata, Satoko; Kitagawa, Yasuhide; Matsuyama, Satoko; Naito, Renato; Yasuda, Kenji; Mizokami, Atsushi; Namiki, Mikio

    2017-04-01

    To optimize the rescreening schedule for men with low baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, we evaluated men with baseline PSA levels of ≤1.0 ng/mL in PSA-based population screening. We enrolled 8086 men aged 55-69 years with baseline PSA levels of ≤1.0 ng/mL, who were screened annually. The relationships of baseline PSA and age with the cumulative risks and clinicopathological features of screening-detected cancer were investigated. Among the 8086 participants, 28 (0.35 %) and 18 (0.22 %) were diagnosed with prostate cancer and cancer with a Gleason score (GS) of ≥7 during the observation period, respectively. The cumulative probabilities of prostate cancer at 12 years were 0.42, 1.0, 3.4, and 4.3 % in men with baseline PSA levels of 0.0-0.4, 0.5-0.6, 0.7-0.8, and 0.9-1.0 ng/mL, respectively. Those with GS of ≥7 had cumulative probabilities of 0.42, 0.73, 2.8, and 1.9 %, respectively. The cumulative probabilities of prostate cancer were significantly lower when baseline PSA levels were 0.0-0.6 ng/mL compared with 0.7-1.0 ng/mL. Prostate cancer with a GS of ≥7 was not detected during the first 10 years of screening when baseline PSA levels were 0.0-0.6 ng/mL and was not detected during the first 2 years when baseline PSA levels were 0.7-1.0 ng/mL. Our study demonstrated that men with baseline PSA levels of 0.0-0.6 ng/mL might benefit from longer screening intervals than those recommended in the guidelines of the Japanese Urological Association. Further investigation is needed to confirm the optimal screening interval for men with low baseline PSA levels.

  9. Chemical disease-free survival in localized carcinoma of prostate treated with external beam irradiation: comparison of American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus or 1 ng/mL as endpoint

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Perez, Carlos A.; Michalski, Jeff M.; Lockett, Mary Ann

    2001-01-01

    Purpose: To compare postirradiation biochemical disease-free survival using the American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) Consensus or elevation of postirradiation prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level beyond 1 ng/mL as an endpoint and correlate chemical failure with subsequent appearance of clinically detected local recurrence or distant metastasis. Methods and Materials: Records of 466 patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with irradiation alone between January 1987 and December 1995 were analyzed; 339 patients were treated with bilateral 120 deg. arc rotation and, starting in 1992, 117 with three-dimensional conformal irradiation. Doses were 68-77 Gy in 1.8 to 2 Gy daily fractions. Minimum follow-up is 4 years (mean, 5.5 years; maximum, 9.6 years). A chemical failure was recorded using the ASTRO Consensus or when postirradiation PSA level exceeded 1 ng/mL at any time. Clinical failures were determined by rectal examination, radiographic studies, and, when clinically indicated, biopsy. Results: Six-year chemical disease-free survival rates using the ASTRO Consensus according to pretreatment PSA level for T1 tumors were: ≤4 ng/mL, 100%; 4.1-20 ng/mL, 80%; and >20 ng/mL, 50%. For T2 tumors the rates were: ≤4 ng/mL, 91%; 4.1-10 ng/mL, 81%; 10.1-20 ng/mL, 55%; 20.1-40 ng/mL, 63%; and >40 ng/mL, 46%. When postirradiation PSA levels higher than 1 ng/mL were used, the corresponding 6-year chemical disease-free survival rates for T1 tumors were 92% for pretreatment PSA levels of ≤4 ng/mL, 58-60% for levels of 4.1-20 ng/mL, and 30% for levels >20 ng/mL. For T2 tumors, the 6-year chemical disease-free survival rates were 78% in patients with pretreatment PSA levels of 4-10 ng/mL, 45% for 10.1-40 ng/mL, and 25% for >40 ng/mL. Of 167 patients with T1 tumors, 30 (18%) developed a chemical failure, 97% within 5 years from completion of radiation therapy; no patient has developed a local recurrence or distant

  10. Neuron-NG2 Cell Synapses: Novel Functions for Regulating NG2 Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Qian-Kun Yang

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available NG2 cells are a population of CNS cells that are distinct from neurons, mature oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. These cells can be identified by their NG2 proteoglycan expression. NG2 cells have a highly branched morphology, with abundant processes radiating from the cell body, and express a complex set of voltage-gated channels, AMPA/kainate, and GABA receptors. Neurons notably form classical and nonclassical synapses with NG2 cells, which have varied characteristics and functions. Neuron-NG2 cell synapses could fine-tune NG2 cell activities, including the NG2 cell cycle, differentiation, migration, and myelination, and may be a novel potential therapeutic target for NG2 cell-related diseases, such as hypoxia-ischemia injury and periventricular leukomalacia. Furthermore, neuron-NG2 cell synapses may be correlated with the plasticity of CNS in adulthood with the synaptic contacts passing onto their progenies during proliferation, and synaptic contacts decrease rapidly upon NG2 cell differentiation. In this review, we highlight the characteristics of classical and nonclassical neuron-NG2 cell synapses, the potential functions, and the fate of synaptic contacts during proliferation and differentiation, with the emphasis on the regulation of the NG2 cell cycle by neuron-NG2 cell synapses and their potential underlying mechanisms.

  11. NG2 proteoglycan increases mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xiong Jing; Wang Yang; Zhu, Zhonghua; Liu Jianshe; Wang Yumei; Zhang Chun; Hammes, Hans-Peter; Lang, Florian; Feng Yuxi

    2007-01-01

    As a membrane-spanning protein, NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan interacts with molecules on both sides of plasma membrane. The present study explored the role of NG2 in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. In the normal kidneys, NG2 was observed predominantly in glomerular mesangium, Bowman's capsule and interstitial vessels. Both mRNA and protein expression in kidneys was significantly higher in strepozotocin-induced diabetic rats than that in normal rats. In the cultured rat mesangial cell line HBZY-1, overexpression of NG2 promoted mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production, such as type VI collagen and laminin. Furthermore, target knockdown of NG2 resulted in decreased cell proliferation and ECM formation. The observations suggest that NG2 is up-regulated in diabetic nephropathy. It actively participates in the development and progression of glomerulosclerosis by stimulating proliferation of mesangial cells and deposition of ECM

  12. Determination of nucleic acids based on the quenching effect on resonance light scattering of the Y(III)-1,6-bi(1'-phenyl-3'-methyl-5'-pyrazolone-4'-)hexane-dione system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Xia; Yang, Jing He; Sun, Shuna; Guo, Changying; Ran, Dehuan; Zheng, Jinhua

    2006-01-01

    Nucleic acids can quench resonance light scattering (RLS) intensity of the Y(III)-1,6-bi(1'-phenyl-3'-methyl-5'-pyrazolone-4'-)hexane-dione(BPMPHD) complex in the pH range 5.0-5.8. Under optimal conditions, there are linear relationships between the quenching of RLS and the concentration of nucleic acids in the range 6.3 x 10(-8)-2.1 x 10(-5) g/mL for fish sperm DNA (fsDNA), 1.2 x 10(-8)-5.0 x 10(-5) g/mL for calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) and 6.0 x 10(-8)-2.0 x 10(-5) g/mL for yeast RNA (yRNA). The detection limits (3 s) of fsDNA, ctDNA and yRNA are 0.7 ng/mL, 3.8 ng/mL and 4.2 ng/mL, respectively. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  13. Photo-dynamics of the lyophilized photo-activated adenylate cyclase NgPAC2 from the amoeboflagellate Naegleria gruberi NEG-M strain

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Penzkofer, A., E-mail: alfons.penzkofer@physik.uni-regensburg.de [Fakultät für Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg (Germany); Tanwar, M.; Veetil, S.K.; Kateriya, S. [Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021 (India); Stierl, M.; Hegemann, P. [Institut für Biologie/Experimentelle Biophysik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, D-10115 Berlin (Germany)

    2013-09-23

    Highlights: • Lyophilizing of NgPAC2 from Naegleria gruberi caused loss of BLUF domain activity. • Photo-induced tyrosine to flavin electron transfer in lyophilized NgPAC2. • Photo-induced Tyr–Tyr cross-linking to o,o′-dityrosine in lyophilized NgPAC2. • Photo-induced partial flavin cofactor reduction in lyophilized NgPAC2. • Two NgPAC2 conformations with fast and slow photo-induced electron transfer. - Abstract: The absorption and emission spectroscopic behavior of lyophilized photo-activated adenylate cyclase NgPAC2 from the amoeboflagellate Naegleria gruberi NEG-M strain consisting of a BLUF domain (BLUF = Blue Light sensor Using Flavin) and a cyclase homology domain was studied in the dark, during blue-light exposure and after blue-light exposure at a temperature of 4 °C. The BLUF domain photo-cycle dynamics observed for snap-frozen NgPAC2 was lost by lyophilization (no signaling state formation with flavin absorption red-shift). Instead, blue-light photo-excitation of lyophilized NgPAC2 caused sterically restricted Tyr–Tyr cross-linking (o,o′-ditysosine formation) and partial flavin cofactor reduction.

  14. Photo-dynamics of the lyophilized photo-activated adenylate cyclase NgPAC2 from the amoeboflagellate Naegleria gruberi NEG-M strain

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Penzkofer, A.; Tanwar, M.; Veetil, S.K.; Kateriya, S.; Stierl, M.; Hegemann, P.

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: • Lyophilizing of NgPAC2 from Naegleria gruberi caused loss of BLUF domain activity. • Photo-induced tyrosine to flavin electron transfer in lyophilized NgPAC2. • Photo-induced Tyr–Tyr cross-linking to o,o′-dityrosine in lyophilized NgPAC2. • Photo-induced partial flavin cofactor reduction in lyophilized NgPAC2. • Two NgPAC2 conformations with fast and slow photo-induced electron transfer. - Abstract: The absorption and emission spectroscopic behavior of lyophilized photo-activated adenylate cyclase NgPAC2 from the amoeboflagellate Naegleria gruberi NEG-M strain consisting of a BLUF domain (BLUF = Blue Light sensor Using Flavin) and a cyclase homology domain was studied in the dark, during blue-light exposure and after blue-light exposure at a temperature of 4 °C. The BLUF domain photo-cycle dynamics observed for snap-frozen NgPAC2 was lost by lyophilization (no signaling state formation with flavin absorption red-shift). Instead, blue-light photo-excitation of lyophilized NgPAC2 caused sterically restricted Tyr–Tyr cross-linking (o,o′-ditysosine formation) and partial flavin cofactor reduction

  15. Superconducting transition temperature in the Y(1-x)M(x)Ba2Cu3O(y) system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Suzuki, Takeyuki; Yamazaki, Tsutomu; Sekine, Ryuuta; Koukitsu, Akinori; Seki, Hisashi

    1989-04-01

    Experimental results are presented for the inclusion of compositional additives, M, to the sintered high-temperature superconductor Y(1-x)M(x)Ba2Cu3O(y); M can be the oxides of Mg, Ce, Gd, Yb, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, and Te, as well as Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr, and La carbonates. Temperature dependence of the electrical resistance was measured down to about 80 K. Attention is given to the influence of ionic radius and the valence of the M species.

  16. Salman Rushdie: "Troonide mäng" on rämps

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2011-01-01

    Oma esimest telesarja "Järgmised inimesed" kirjutav Salman Rushdie ei hinda USA telekanali HBO seriaali "Troonide mäng" (George R. R. Martini "Jää ja tule laulu" sarja esimese raamatu "Troonide mäng" teleekraniseering)

  17. "Troonide mäng" toob fantaasia usutavalt teleekraanile / Mari Rebane

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Rebane, Mari

    2011-01-01

    USA telekanali HBO telesarjast "Troonide mäng", George R. R. Martini "Jää ja tule laulu" sarja esimese raamatu "Troonide mäng" teleekraniseeringust. Sarja esimene osa esilinastus USA-s 17. aprillil. Osades Sean Bean jt.

  18. High-density expression of Ca2+-permeable ASIC1a channels in NG2 glia of rat hippocampus.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yen-Chu Lin

    Full Text Available NG2 cells, a fourth type of glial cell in the mammalian CNS, undergo reactive changes in response to a wide variety of brain insults. Recent studies have demonstrated that neuronally expressed acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs are implicated in various neurological disorders including brain ischemia and seizures. Acidosis is a common feature of acute neurological conditions. It is postulated that a drop in pH may be the link between the pathological process and activation of NG2 cells. Such postulate immediately prompts the following questions: Do NG2 cells express ASICs? If so, what are their functional properties and subunit composition? Here, using a combination of electrophysiology, Ca2+ imaging and immunocytochemistry, we present evidence to demonstrate that NG2 cells of the rat hippocampus express high density of Ca2+-permeable ASIC1a channels compared with several types of hippocampal neurons. First, nucleated patch recordings from NG2 cells revealed high density of proton-activated currents. The magnitude of proton-activated current was pH dependent, with a pH for half-maximal activation of 6.3. Second, the current-voltage relationship showed a reversal close to the equilibrium potential for Na+. Third, psalmotoxin 1, a blocker specific for the ASIC1a channel, largely inhibited proton-activated currents. Fourth, Ca2+ imaging showed that activation of proton-activated channels led to an increase of [Ca2+]i. Finally, immunocytochemistry showed co-localization of ASIC1a and NG2 proteins in the hippocampus. Thus the acid chemosensor, the ASIC1a channel, may serve for inducing membrane depolarization and Ca2+ influx, thereby playing a crucial role in the NG2 cell response to injury following ischemia.

  19. Differential regulation by agonist and phorbol ester of cloned m1 and m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in mouse Y1 adrenal cells and in Y1 cells deficient in cAMP-dependent protein kinase

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Scherer, N.M.; Nathanson, N.M.

    1990-01-01

    Cloned muscarinic acetylcholine m1 and m2 receptors were expressed in stably transfected mouse Y1 adrenal cells and in a variant Y1 line, Kin-8, which is deficient in cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity (PKA - ). m1 and m2 receptors were rapidly internalized following exposure of transfected PKA + or PKA - cells to the muscarinic agonist carbachol. Thus, agonist-dependent internalization of m1 and m2 did not require PKA activity. A differential effect of PKA on regulation by agonist of the m2 receptor, but not the m1 receptor, was unmasked in PKA - cells. These data indicate that the basal activity of PKA may modulate the agonist-dependent internalization of the m2 receptor, but not the m1 receptor. The internalization of the m1 and m2 receptors in both PKA + and PKA - cells was accompanied by desensitization of functional responses. Exposure of PKA + cells to 10 -7 M phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), an activator of protein kinase C, resulted in a 30 ± 9% decrease in the number of m1 receptors on the cell surface. The m2 receptor was not internalized following treatment of either PKA + or PKA - cells with PMA. Thus, the m1 and m2 receptors show differential sensitivity to internalization by PMA. Agonist-dependent internalization of the m1 receptor appeared to be independent of activation of PKC because (1) agonist-dependent internalization of m1 was not attenuated in PKA - cells, (2) the rate and extent of internalization of m1 in cells exposed to PMA were less than those in cells exposed to agonist, and (3) treatment of cells with concanavalin A selectivity blocked internalization of m1 in cells exposed to PMA, but not to agonist. The effects of agonist and PMA on receptor internalization were not additive. Exposure of PKA + or PKA - cells to PMA reduced the magnitude of pilocarpine-stimulated PI hydrolysis by about 25%

  20. Failure to Achieve a PSA Level ≤1 ng/mL After Neoadjuvant LHRHA Therapy Predicts for Lower Biochemical Control Rate and Overall Survival in Localized Prostate Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mitchell, Darren M.; McAleese, Jonathan; Park, Richard M.; Stewart, David P.; Stranex, Stephen; Eakin, Ruth L.; Houston, Russell F.; O'Sullivan, Joe M.

    2007-01-01

    Purpose: To investigate whether failure to suppress the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level to ≤1 ng/mL after ≥2 months of neoadjuvant luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist therapy in patients scheduled to undergo external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate carcinoma is associated with reduced biochemical failure-free survival. Methods and Materials: A retrospective case note review of consecutive patients with intermediate- or high-risk localized prostate cancer treated between January 2001 and December 2002 with neoadjuvant hormonal deprivation therapy, followed by concurrent hormonal therapy and radiotherapy was performed. Patient data were divided for analysis according to whether the PSA level in Week 1 of radiotherapy was ≤1.0 ng/mL. Biochemical failure was determined using the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (Phoenix) definition. Results: A total of 119 patients were identified. The PSA level after neoadjuvant hormonal deprivation therapy was ≤1 ng/mL in 67 patients and >1 ng/mL in 52. At a median follow-up of 49 months, the 4-year actuarial biochemical failure-free survival rate was 84% vs. 60% (p = 0.0016) in favor of the patients with a PSA level after neoadjuvant hormonal deprivation therapy of ≤1 ng/mL. The overall survival rate was 94% vs. 77.5% (p = 0.0045), and the disease-specific survival rate at 4 years was 98.5% vs. 82.5%. Conclusions: The results of our study have shown that patients with a PSA level >1 ng/mL at the beginning of external beam radiotherapy after ≥2 months of neoadjuvant luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist therapy have a significantly greater rate of biochemical failure and lower survival rate compared with those with a PSA level of ≤1 ng/mL. Patients without adequate PSA suppression should be considered a higher risk group and considered for dose escalation or the use of novel treatments

  1. Men presenting with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values of over 100 ng/mL.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ang, Mann; Rajcic, Branimir; Foreman, Darren; Moretti, Kim; O'Callaghan, Michael E

    2016-04-01

    To investigate overall survival and prostate cancer-specific mortality in men with prostate cancer presenting with a PSA level PSA level extracted from the South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative (SA-PCCOC) database. Men included were diagnosed between January 1998 and August 2013. Patients were divided into groups according to diagnostic PSA level: 500 ng/mL. Outcomes measured include overall survival and prostate cancer-specific mortality. Clinical stage, Gleason score and the presence of bony metastasis was evaluated to determine if they were prognostic factors in patients with PSA over 100 at diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards and competing risks regression were used to model overall survival and prostate cancer-specific mortality outcomes respectively. Of this cohort, 241 patients (4.2%) had a diagnostic PSA level >100 ng/mL. Patients with PSA >100 ng/mL have a significant reduction in five (29.1% vs 62.5% vs 87%) and ten-year (18.2% vs 36.7% vs 70.7%) overall survival when compared to men with diagnostic PSA 20-100 and PSA level at diagnosis. Overall survival was associated with PSA level, Gleason score and age. There was a linear increase in risk (overall survival) as PSA increased until 200 and no association thereafter. Models of overall survival and prostate cancer-specific mortality incorporating a risk stratification developed by Izumi et al. predicted overall survival but not prostate cancer-specific mortality. The use of this stratification did not improve model accuracy. Only a small number of men (4.2%) with prostate cancer present with PSA >100 ng/mL at diagnosis. Overall survival at five and ten years was significantly poorer in patients with PSA >100 ng/mL. In this cohort of men presenting with PSA >100 at diagnosis, PSA level was not associated with prostate cancer-specific mortality. Gleason score and metastases are significant prognostic factors in this group of men. © 2016 The Authors BJU International © 2016

  2. Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3 glasses for ∼1.2 μm laser applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Shunbin; Li, Chengzhi; Yao, Chuanfei; Jia, Shijie; Jia, Zhixu; Qin, Guanshi; Qin, Weiping

    2017-02-01

    Intense ∼1.2 μm fluorescence is observed in Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3 glasses under 915 nm laser diode excitation. The 1.2 μm emission can be ascribed to the transition 5I6→5I8 of Ho3+. With the introducing of BaF2, the content of OH in the glasses drops markedly, and the 1.2 μm emission intensity increases gradually as increasing the concentration percentage of BaF2. Furthermore, microstructured fibers based on the TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3 glasses are fabricated by using a rod-in-tube method, and a relative positive gain of ∼9.42 dB at 1175.3 nm is obtained in a 5 cm long fiber.

  3. Synthesis and characterization of perovskite-type Sr{sub x}Y{sub 1−x}FeO{sub 3−δ} (0.63≤x<1.0) and Sr{sub 0.75}Y{sub 0.25}Fe{sub 1y}M{sub y}O{sub 3−δ} (M=Cr, Mn, Ni), (y=0.2, 0.33, 0.5)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Biendicho, J.J. [Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm (Sweden); The ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX Oxfordshire (United Kingdom); Shafeie, S. [Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm (Sweden); Frenck, L. [Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm (Sweden); Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris (France); Gavrilova, D. [M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow (Russian Federation); Böhme, S. [Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm (Sweden); Technische Universität Chemnitz, Institut für Chemie, Straße der Nationen 62, D-09111 Chemnitz (Germany); Bettanini, A.M. [Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm (Sweden); Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, 30123 Venice (Italy); Svedlindh, P. [Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala (Sweden); Hull, S. [The ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX Oxfordshire (United Kingdom); Zhao, Z. [School of Industrial Engineering and Management, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm (Sweden); Istomin, S.Ya., E-mail: istomin@icr.chem.msu.ru [Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm (Sweden); M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow (Russian Federation); Grins, J.; Svensson, G. [Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm (Sweden)

    2013-04-15

    Oxygen-deficient ferrates with the cubic perovskite structure Sr{sub x}Y{sub 1−x}FeO{sub 3−δ} were prepared in air (0.71≤x≤0.91) as well as in N{sub 2} (x=0.75 and 0.79) at 1573 K. The oxygen content of the compounds prepared in air increases with increasing strontium content from 3−δ=2.79(2) for x=0.75 to 3−δ=2.83(2) for x=0.91. Refinement of the crystal structure of Sr{sub 0.75}Y{sub 0.25}FeO{sub 2.79} using TOF neutron powder diffraction (NPD) data shows high anisotropic atomic displacement parameter (ADP) for the oxygen atom resulting from a substantial cation and anion disorder. Electron diffraction (ED) and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) studies of Sr{sub 0.75}Y{sub 0.25}FeO{sub 2.79} reveal a modulation along 〈1 0 0〉{sub p} with G± ∼0.4〈1 0 0〉{sub p} indicating a local ordering of oxygen vacancies. Magnetic susceptibility measurements at 5–390 K show spin-glass behaviour with dominating antiferromagnetic coupling between the magnetic moments of Fe cations. Among the studied compositions, Sr{sub 0.75}Y{sub 0.25}FeO{sub 2.79} shows the lowest thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of 10.5 ppm/K in air at 298–673 K. At 773–1173 K TEC increases up to 17.2 ppm/K due to substantial reduction of oxygen content. The latter also results in a dramatic decrease of the electrical conductivity in air above 673 K. Partial substitution of Fe by Cr, Mn and Ni according to the formula Sr{sub 0.75}Y{sub 0.25}Fe{sub 1y}M{sub y}O{sub 3−δ} (y=0.2, 0.33, 0.5) leads to cubic perovskites for all substituents with y=0.2. Their TECs are higher in comparison with un-doped Sr{sub 0.75}Y{sub 0.25}FeO{sub 2.79}. Only M=Ni has increased electrical conductivity compared to un-doped Sr{sub 0.75}Y{sub 0.25}FeO{sub 2.79}. - Graphical abstract: Oxygen-deficient ferrates with the cubic perovskite structure Sr{sub x}Y{sub 1−x}FeO{sub 3−δ} were prepared both in air (0.71≤x≤0.91) and N{sub 2} (x=0.75 and 0.79) at 1573 K. Refinement of the

  4. First principles calculations of the electronic structure and magnetic properties of Y(Fe,M)9.2 and Y(Fe,M)9.2C (M= Si, Ga, Zr)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tian, Guang; Zha, Liang; Yang, Wenyun; Qiao, Guanyi; Wang, Changsheng; Yang, Yingchang; Yang, Jinbo

    2018-06-01

    The preferential site substitution of the Fe by Si, Ga and Zr in the Y(Fe,M)9.2 and Y(Fe,M)9.2C compounds, and the doping effects on the magnetic properties have been studied by the first-principles calculations. It is found that the doping of the Si or Zr can improve the thermodynamic stability of the 1:9 phase, while the substitution of the Fe by Ga makes it unstable. Si atom tends to enter the 3g crystal site and Zr prefers to occupy the 2e site when Y(Fe,M)9.2 and their carbides are synthesized. Although the substitution of the Fe by Si and Zr will reduce the total magnetic moments of the YFe9.2 and their carbides, the volumetric and the d-band narrowing effects caused by the doping can still modify the electron density distributions of the Fe near the Fermi level, improving the magnetic ordering temperature of the non-carbonated compound YFe9.2. The calculated magnetic ordering temperatures of Y(Fe,M)9.2C decrease with the increasing content of the doping elements M due to the stronger hybridization of the d bands in the carbides. For the rare-earth(RE) iron based intermetallics REFe9.2 with the TbCu7-type structure, it is suggested that Zr is able to stabilize the phase and enhance the magnetic ordering temperature, indicating the possible further application in the field of permanent magnets, which has not been reported before.

  5. Alpha-fetoprotein level > 1000 ng/mL as an exclusion criterion for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma meeting the Milan criteria.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hameed, Bilal; Mehta, Neil; Sapisochin, Gonzalo; Roberts, John P; Yao, Francis Y

    2014-08-01

    Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been increasingly recognized as a marker for a poor prognosis after liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Many published reports, however, have included a large proportion of patients with HCC beyond the Milan criteria, and the effects of incorporating AFP as an exclusion criterion for LT remain unclear. We studied 211 consecutive patients undergoing LT for HCC within the Milan criteria according to imaging under the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease organ allocation system between June 2002 and January 2009. The majority (93.4%) had locoregional therapy before LT. The median follow-up was 4.5 years (minimum = 2 years). The Kaplan-Meier 1- and 5-year patient survival rates were 94.3% and 83.4%, respectively. In a univariate analysis, significant predictors of HCC recurrence included vascular invasion [hazard ratio (HR) = 10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.9-26, P 1000 ng/mL (HR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.3-15.3, P = 0.02), and an AFP level > 500 ng/mL (HR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.04-9.4, P = 0.04). In a multivariate analysis, vascular invasion was the only significant predictor of tumor recurrence (HR = 5.6, 95% CI = 1.9-19, P = 0.02). An AFP level > 1000 ng/mL was the strongest pretransplant variable predicting vascular invasion (odds ratio = 6.8, 95% CI = 1.6-19.1, P = 0.006). The 1- and 5-year rates of survival without recurrence were 90% and 52.7%, respectively, for patients with an AFP level > 1000 ng/mL and 95% and 80.3%, respectively, for patients with an AFP level ≤ 1000 ng/mL (P = 0.026). Applying an AFP level > 1000 ng/mL as a cutoff would have resulted in the exclusion of 4.7% of the patients fr m LT and a 20% reduction in HCC recurrence. In conclusion, an AFP level > 1000 ng/mL may be a surrogate for vascular invasion and may be used to predict posttransplant HCC recurrence. Incorporating an AFP level > 1000 ng/mL as an exclusion criterion for LT within the Milan criteria may further improve posttransplant

  6. 76 FR 27861 - Airworthiness Directives; Diamond Aircraft Industries GmbH Models DA 42, DA 42 NG, and DA 42 M-NG...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-05-13

    ... Airworthiness Directives; Diamond Aircraft Industries GmbH Models DA 42, DA 42 NG, and DA 42 M-NG Airplanes... on Diamond aeroplanes, the majority of which were DA 40. In additional, at least 18 doors have been... conditions) while the aeroplane was parked. All DA 40 and DA 42 aeroplanes have a system installed that...

  7. Possible involvement of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors in antidepressant like effect of agmatine in rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kotagale, Nandkishor R; Paliwal, Nikhilesh P; Aglawe, Manish M; Umekar, Milind J; Taksande, Brijesh G

    2013-09-01

    Agmatine and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are widely distributed in central nervous system and critically involved in modulation of depressive behavior in experimental animals. However their mutual interaction, if any, in regulation of depression remain largely unexplored. In the present study we explored the possible interaction between agmatine and neuropeptide Y in regulation of depression like behavior in forced swim test. We found that acute intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of agmatine (20-40μg/rat), NPY (5 and 10μg/rat) and NPY Y1 receptor agonist, [Leu(31), Pro(34)]-NPY (0.4 and 0.8ng/rat) dose dependently decreased immobility time in forced swim test indicating their antidepressant like effects. In combination studies, the antidepressant like effect of agmatine (10μg/rat) was significantly potentiated by NPY (1 and 5μg/rat, icv) or [Leu(31), Pro(34)]-NPY (0.2 and 0.4ng/rat, icv) pretreatment. Conversely, pretreatment of animals with NPY Y1 receptor antagonist, BIBP3226 (0.1ng/rat, i.c.v.) completely blocked the antidepressant like effect of agmatine (20-40μg/rat) and its synergistic effect with NPY (1μg/rat, icv) or [Leu(31), Pro(34)]-NPY (0.2ng/rat, icv). The results of the present study showed that, agmatine exerts antidepressant like effects via NPYergic system possibly mediated by the NPY Y1 receptor subtypes and suggest that interaction between agmatine and neuropeptide Y may be relevant to generate the therapeutic strategies for the treatment of depression. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. Predictive value of [-2]propsa (p2psa and its derivatives for the prostate cancer detection in the 2.0 to 10.0ng/mL PSA range

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I. Vukovic

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Introduction To assess predictive value of new tumor markers, precursor of prostate specific antigen (p2PSA and its derivates-%p2PSA and prostate health index (PHI in detection of patients with indolent and aggressive prostate cancer (PC in a subcohort of man whose total PSA ranged from 2 to 10ng/mL. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included 129 consecutive male patients aged over 50 years, with no previous history of PC and with normal digital rectal examination findings, but with serum PSA in interval between 2 and 10ng/mL. All patients underwent standard transrectal ultrasonography guided prostate biopsy for the first time. For all patients, serum PSA, free PSA (fPSA and p2PSA were measured and PHI and %p2PSA were calculated. Results PHI and %p2PSA levels were significanlty higher in patients with PC compared to those without this malignancy. The same findings have been observed in group of patients with Gleason score ≥7 compared to those with Gleason score <7. ROC analysis reveled the highest area under the curve with these two markers. Multivariate logistic regression showed significant improvement in PC detection and its agressive form (assumed as Gleason score ≥7. Conclusions New markers, derivates of p2PSA (especially %p2PSA and PHI, represente potentially very important clinical tool for predicting presence of PC, and even more important, to discriminate patients with Gleason score <7 from those with Gleason score ≥7 with total PSA in range from 2 to 10ng/mL.

  9. Predictive value of [-2]propsa (p2psa) and its derivatives for the prostate cancer detection in the 2.0 to 10.0ng/mL PSA range.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vukovic, I; Djordjevic, D; Bojanic, N; Babic, U; Soldatovic, I

    2017-01-01

    To assess predictive value of new tumor markers, precursor of prostate specific antigen (p2PSA) and its derivates-%p2PSA and prostate health index (PHI) in detection of patients with indolent and aggressive prostate cancer (PC) in a subcohort of man whose total PSA ranged from 2 to 10ng/mL. This cross-sectional study included 129 consecutive male patients aged over 50 years, with no previous history of PC and with normal digital rectal examination findings, but with serum PSA in interval between 2 and 10ng/mL. All patients underwent standard transrectal ultrasonography guided prostate biopsy for the first time. For all patients, serum PSA, free PSA (fPSA) and p2PSA were measured and PHI and %p2PSA were calculated. PHI and %p2PSA levels were significanlty higher in patients with PC compared to those without this malignancy. The same findings have been observed in group of patients with Gleason score ≥7 compared to those with Gleason score <7. ROC analysis reveled the highest area under the curve with these two markers. Multivariate logistic regression showed significant improvement in PC detection and its agressive form (assumed as Gleason score ≥7). New markers, derivates of p2PSA (especially %p2PSA and PHI), represente potentially very important clinical tool for predicting presence of PC, and even more important, to discriminate patients with Gleason score <7 from those with Gleason score ≥7 with total PSA in range from 2 to 10ng/mL. Copyright® by the International Brazilian Journal of Urology.

  10. Identification of 6H1 as a P2Y purinoceptor: P2Y5.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Webb, T E; Kaplan, M G; Barnard, E A

    1996-02-06

    We have determined the identity of the orphan G-protein coupled receptor cDNA, 6H1, present in activated chicken T cells, as a subtype of P2Y purinoceptor. This identification is based on first on the degree of sequence identity shared with recently cloned members of the P2Y receptor family and second on the pharmacological profile. Upon transient expression in COS-7 cells the 6H1 receptor bound the radiolabel [35S]dATP alpha S specifically and with high affinity (Kd, 10 nM). This specific binding could be competitively displaced by a range of ligands active at P2 purinoceptors, with ATP being the most active (K (i)), 116 nM). Such competition studies have established the following rank order of activity: ATP ADP 2-methylthioATP alpha, beta-methylene ATP, UTP, thus confirming 6H1 as a member of the growing family of P2Y purinoceptors. As the fifth receptor of this type to be identified we suggest that it be named P2Y5.

  11. 76 FR 12627 - Airworthiness Directives; Diamond Aircraft Industries GmbH Models DA 42, DA 42 NG, and DA 42 M-NG...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-03-08

    ... Industries GmbH Models DA 42, DA 42 NG, and DA 42 M-NG Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA... on Diamond aeroplanes, the majority of which were DA 40. In additional, at least 18 doors have been... conditions) while the aeroplane was parked. All DA 40 and DA 42 aeroplanes have a system installed that...

  12. Bioimaging of M1 cells using ceramic nanophosphors: Synthesis and toxicity assay of Y2O3 nanoparticles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Venkatachalam, N; Soga, K; Tsuji, T; Okumura, Y; Fukuda, R

    2009-01-01

    Er 3+ doped Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles were synthesized by enzymatic and polymer-assisted homogeneous co-precipitation methods. Resultant particle size is about 30-40 nm with narrow size distribution whereas the particle size is smaller than those acquired by conventional homogeneous and alkali precipitation methods. The particles shows bright green (550 nm) and red (660 nm) upconversion (UC) as well as near infrared (NIR) fluorescence (1550 nm) under 980 nm excitation. Bioimaging of M1 cells using the nanoparticles were successfully attempted. It is observed that 0.5 mg/ml of nanoparticles is the nominal concentration for bioimaging of M1 cells under the physiological conditions. The cellular uptake of nanoparticles is evidenced from bright field, UC and NIR fluorescence images of live M1 cells. Our studies suggest that lower concentration of nanoparticles is sufficient for imaging when the particles are taken in the M1 cells and also the concentration can keep the cells alive. Further it was demonstrated that under the physiological conditions, Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles emit UC and NIR fluorescence in M1 cells even after the surface modification with PEG-b-PAAc polymer. Moreover, surface modified nanoparticles shows lower toxic effect in M1 cells while compare to bare nanoparticles.

  13. Microglia P2Y13 Receptors Prevent Astrocyte Proliferation Mediated by P2Y1 Receptors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clara Quintas

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Cerebral inflammation is a common feature of several neurodegenerative diseases that requires a fine interplay between astrocytes and microglia to acquire appropriate phenotypes for an efficient response to neuronal damage. During brain inflammation, ATP is massively released into the extracellular medium and converted into ADP. Both nucleotides acting on P2 receptors, modulate astrogliosis through mechanisms involving microglia-astrocytes communication. In previous studies, primary cultures of astrocytes and co-cultures of astrocytes and microglia were used to investigate the influence of microglia on astroglial proliferation induced by ADPβS, a stable ADP analog. In astrocyte cultures, ADPβS increased cell proliferation through activation of P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors, an effect abolished in co-cultures (of astrocytes with ∼12.5% microglia. The possibility that the loss of the ADPβS-mediated effect could have been caused by a microglia-induced degradation of ADPβS or by a preferential microglial localization of P2Y1 or P2Y12 receptors was excluded. Since ADPβS also activates P2Y13 receptors, the contribution of microglial P2Y13 receptors to prevent the proliferative effect of ADPβS in co-cultures was investigated. The results obtained indicate that P2Y13 receptors are low expressed in astrocytes and mainly expressed in microglia. Furthermore, in co-cultures, ADPβS induced astroglial proliferation in the presence of the selective P2Y13 antagonist MRS 2211 (3 μM and of the selective P2Y12 antagonist AR-C66096 (0.1 μM, suggesting that activation of microglial P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptors may induce the release of messengers that inhibit astroglial proliferation mediated by P2Y1,12 receptors. In this microglia-astrocyte paracrine communication, P2Y12 receptors exert opposite effects in astroglial proliferation as a result of its cellular localization: cooperating in astrocytes with P2Y1 receptors to directly stimulate proliferation and in

  14. Clinical utility of serum folate measurement in tertiary care patients: Argument for revising reference range for serum folate from 3.0 ng/mL to 13.0 ng/mL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gurmukh Singh

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Objective: Assess the need for folate testing, frequency of corrective action, and determine reference level for serum folate. Methods: Serum folate levels in 5313 samples from 4448 patients, and clinical data were reviewed for patient characteristics and for (a evidence of corrective action in patients with serum folate values 25.7 ng/mL. Results: The prevalence of serum folate levels, in patients, 25.7 ng/mL the sample was collected after supplementation with folic acid. Of the 128 patients with serum folate 60% of the patients. Since serum folate levels ≥13.0 ng/mL are needed for optimal prevention of neural tube defects in the embryo/fetus, we propose that normal serum folate level should be designated to be ≥13.0 ng/mL. Keywords: Serum folate, Prevalence of folate deficiency, Neural tube defects, Optimum serum folate level, Utility of folate testing

  15. Intrinsic magnetic properties of Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 17-x}M{sub x}N{sub y}/C{sub y} (M=Al, Ga or Si)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kubis, M.; Eckert, D.; Gebel, B.; Mueller, K.-H. E-mail: khm@ifw-dresden.de; Schultz, L

    2000-07-01

    Curie temperature T{sub c}, saturation polarization J{sub s} and anisotropy field H{sub a} of Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 17-x}M{sub x}N{sub y}/C{sub y} with M=Al, Ga or Si (x{<=}3, y{approx}3) were determined by thermomagnetic measurements and a numerical fitting procedure of demagnetization curves. An increasing amount of the substitutional element M leads to an increase of T{sub c} of the Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 17-x}M{sub x} parent compounds and generally to a decrease of T{sub c}, J{sub s} and H{sub a} for the interstitial nitrides and carbides. However, for small M contents, x{<=}1, an increased H{sub a} was observed compared to the substitution-free interstitial compounds. Gas-carburized and melt-carburized Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 15}Ga{sub 2}C{sub y} samples showed large differences in J{sub s} and H{sub a} but identical T{sub c} values.

  16. Impact of PSA density of transition zone as a potential parameter in reducing the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies in patients with psa levels between 2.6 and 10.0 ng/mL.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Castro, Hugo A Socrates; Iared, Wagner; Santos, José Eduardo Mourão; Solha, Raphael Sandes; Shigueoka, David Carlos; Ajzen, Sergio Aron

    2018-04-10

    To assess the accuracy of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) adjusted for the transition zone volume (PSATZ) in predicting prostate cancer by comparing the ability of several PSA parameters in predicting prostate cancer in men with intermediate PSA levels of 2.6 - 10.0 ng/mL and its ability to reduce unnecessary biopsies. This study included 656 patients referred for prostate biopsy who had a serum PSA of 2.6 - 10.0 ng/mL. Total prostate and transition zone volumes were measured by transrectal ultrasound using the prolate ellipsoid method. The clinical values of PSA, free-to-total (F/T) ratio, PSA density (PSAD) and PSATZ for the detection of prostate cancer were calculated and statistical comparisons between biopsy-positive (cancer) and biopsy-negative (benign) were conducted. Cancer was detected in 172 patients (26.2%). Mean PSA, PSATZ, PSAD and F/T ratio were 7.5 ng/mL, 0.68 ng/mL/cc. 0.25 ng/mL/cc and 0.14 in patients with prostate cancer and 6.29 ng/mL, 0.30 ng/mL/cc, 0.16 ng/mL/cc and 0.22 in patients with benign biopsies, respectively. ROC curves analysis demonstrated that PSATZ had a higher area under curve (0,838) than F/T ratio (0,806) (PPSA. Compared to other PSA related parameters, it was better in differentiating between prostate cancer and benign prostatic enlargement. Also, PSATZ could reduce a significant number of unnecessary biopsies. Copyright® by the International Brazilian Journal of Urology.

  17. Infrared Spectra of Novel NgBeSO2 Complexes (Ng = Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) in Low Temperature Matrixes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yu, Wenjie; Liu, Xing; Xu, Bing; Xing, Xiaopeng; Wang, Xuefeng

    2016-11-03

    The novel noble-gas complexes NgBeSO 2 (Ng = Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) have been prepared in the laser-evaporated beryllium atom reactions with SO 2 in low-temperature matrixes. Doped with heavier noble gas, the guest (Ar, Kr, Xe) atom can substitute neon to form more stable complex. Infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations are used to confirm the band assignment. The dissociation energies are calculated at 0.9, 4.0, 4.7, and 6.0 kcal/mol for NeBeSO 2 , ArBeSO 2 , KrBeSO 2 , and XeBeSO 2 , respectively, at the CCSD(T) level. Quantum chemical calculations demonstrate that the Ng-Be bonds in NgBeSO 2 could be formed by the combination of electron-donation and ion-induced dipole interactions. The Wiberg bond index (WBI) values of Ng-Be bonds and LOL (localized orbital locator) profile indicate that the Ng-Be bond exhibits a gradual increase in covalent character along Ne to Xe.

  18. Ablation of NG2 proteoglycan leads to deficits in brown fat function and to adult onset obesity.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yunchao Chang

    Full Text Available Obesity is a major health problem worldwide. We are studying the causes and effects of obesity in C57Bl/6 mice following genetic ablation of NG2, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan widely expressed in progenitor cells and also in adipocytes. Although global NG2 ablation delays early postnatal adipogenesis in mouse skin, adult NG2 null mice are paradoxically heavier than wild-type mice, exhibiting larger white fat deposits. This adult onset obesity is not due to NG2-dependent effects on CNS function, since specific ablation of NG2 in oligodendrocyte progenitors yields the opposite phenotype; i.e. abnormally lean mice. Metabolic analysis reveals that, while activity and food intake are unchanged in global NG2 null mice, O(2 consumption and CO(2 production are decreased, suggesting a decrease in energy expenditure. Since brown fat plays important roles in regulating energy expenditure, we have investigated brown fat function via cold challenge and high fat diet feeding, both of which induce the adaptive thermogenesis that normally occurs in brown fat. In both tests, body temperatures in NG2 null mice are reduced compared to wild-type mice, indicating a deficit in brown fat function in the absence of NG2. In addition, adipogenesis in NG2 null brown pre-adipocytes is dramatically impaired compared to wild-type counterparts. Moreover, mRNA levels for PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC1-α, proteins important for brown adipocyte differentiation, are decreased in NG2 null brown fat deposits in vivo and NG2 null brown pre-adipocytes in vitro. Altogether, these results indicate that brown fat dysfunction in NG2 null mice results from deficits in the recruitment and/or development of brown pre-adipocytes. As a consequence, obesity in NG2 null mice may occur due to disruptions in brown fat-dependent energy homeostasis, with resulting effects on lipid storage in white adipocytes.

  19. Functional roles of CSPG4/NG2 in chondrosarcoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jamil, Nuor S M; Azfer, Asim; Worrell, Harrison; Salter, Donald M

    2016-04-01

    CSPG4/NG2 is a multifunctional transmembrane protein with limited distribution in adult tissues including articular cartilage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible roles of CSPG4/NG2 in chondrosarcomas and to establish whether this molecule may have potential for targeted therapy. Stable knock-down of CSPG4/NG2 in the JJ012 chondrosarcoma cell line by shRNA resulted in decreased cell proliferation and migration as well as a decrease in gene expression of the MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) 3 protease and ADAMTS4 (aggrecanase). Chondrosarcoma cells in which CSPG4/NG2 was knocked down were more sensitive to doxorubicin than wild-type cells. The results indicate that CSPG4/NG2 has roles in regulating chondrosarcoma cell function in relation to growth, spread and resistance to chemotherapy and that anti-CSPG4/NG2 therapies may have potential in the treatment of surgically unresectable chondrosarcoma. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal of Experimental Pathology © 2016 International Journal of Experimental Pathology.

  20. PSA Nadir of <0.5 ng/mL Following Brachytherapy for Early-Stage Prostate Adenocarcinoma is Associated With Freedom From Prostate-Specific Antigen Failure

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ko, Eric C. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (United States); Stone, Nelson N. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (United States); Department of Urology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (United States); Stock, Richard G., E-mail: Richard.Stock@mountsinai.org [Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (United States)

    2012-06-01

    Purpose: Because limited information exists regarding whether the rate or magnitude of PSA decline following brachytherapy predicts long-term clinical outcomes, we evaluated whether achieving a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) nadir (nPSA) <0.5 ng/mL following brachytherapy is associated with decreased PSA failure and/or distant metastasis. Methods and Materials: We retrospectively analyzed our database of early-stage prostate adenocarcinoma patients who underwent brachytherapy, excluding those receiving androgen-deprivation therapy and those with <2 years follow-up. Median and mean pretreatment PSA were 6 ng/mL and 7.16 ng/mL, respectively. By clinical stage, 775 were low risk ({<=}T2a), 126 were intermediate risk (T2b), and 20 were high risk (>T2b). By Gleason score, 840 were low risk ({<=}6), 71 were intermediate risk (7), and 10 were high risk (>7). Patients were treated with brachytherapy only (I-125, n = 779, or Pd-103, n = 47), or brachytherapy + external-beam radiation therapy (n = 95). Median follow-up was 6.3 years. We noted whether nPSA <0.5 ng/mL was achieved and the time to achieve this nadir and tested for associations with pretreatment risk factors. We also determined whether this PSA endpoint was associated with decreased PSA failure or distant metastasis. Results: Absence of high-risk factors in clinical stage ({<=}T2b), Gleason score ({<=}7), and pretreatment PSA ({<=}20 ng/mL) was significantly associated with achieving nPSA <0.5 ng/mL. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients achieving nPSA <0.5 ng/mL had significantly higher long-term freedom from biochemical failure (FFBF) than nonresponders (5-year FFBF: 95.2 {+-} 0.8% vs. 71.5 {+-} 6.7%; p < 0.0005). Among responders, those who achieved nPSA <0.5 ng/mL in {<=}5 years had higher FFBF than those requiring >5 years (5-year FFBF: 96.7 {+-} 0.7% vs. 80.8 {+-} 4.6%; p < 0.0005). On multivariate analysis, patients who achieved nPSA <0.5 ng/mL in {<=}5 years had significantly higher FFBF than other

  1. Some observations on the synthesis and electrolytic properties of (Ba1-xCax (M0.9Y0.1O3, M = Ce, Zr-based samples modified with calcium

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dudek Magdalena

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, the impact of partial substitution of calcium for barium in (Ba1-xCax (M0.9Y0.1 O3, M = Ce, Zr on physicochemical properties of the powders and sintered samples was investigated. The powders, with various contents of calcium (x = 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, were prepared by means of thermal decomposition of organometallic precursors containing EDTA. All of the BaCeO3-based powders synthesised at 1100 °C were monophasic with a rhombohedral structure, however, completely cubic BaZrO3-based solid solutions were obtained at 1200 °C. A study of the sinterability of BaZr0.9Y0.1O3 and BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-based pellets was performed under non-isothermal conditions within a temperature range of 25 to 1200 °C. The partial substitution of barium for calcium in the (Ba1-xCax (M0.9Y0.1 O3, M = Ce, Zr solid solution improved the sinterability of the samples in comparison to the initial BaCe0.9Y0.1O3 or BaZr0.9Y0.1O3. The relative density of calcium-modified BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-based samples reached approximately 95 to 97 % after sintering at 1500 °C for 2 h in air. The same level of relative density was achieved after sintering calcium-modified BaZr0.9Y0.1O3 at 1600 °C for 2 h. Analysis of the electrical conductivity from both series of investigated materials showed that the highest ionic conductivity, in air and wet 5 % H2 in Ar, was attained for the compositions of x = 0.02 to 0.05 (Ba1-xCax(M0.9Y0.1O3, M = Zr, Ce. The oxygen reduction reaction on the interface Pt│BaM0.9Y0.1O3, M = Ce, Zr was investigated using Pt microelectrodes. Selected samples of (Ba1-xCax (M0.9Y0.1O3, M = Zr, Ce were tested as ceramic electrolytes in hydrogen-oxygen solid oxide fuel cells operating at temperatures of 700 to 850 °C.

  2. One step hydrothermal synthesis of 3D CoS2@MoS2-NG for high performance supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meng, Qi; Chen, Yizhi; Zhu, Wenkun; Zhang, Ling; Yang, Xiaoyong; Duan, Tao

    2018-05-03

    A three-dimensional (3D) MoS 2 coated CoS 2 -nitrogen doped graphene (NG) (CoS 2 @MoS 2 -NG) hybrid has been synthesized by a one step hydrothermal method as supercapacitor (SC) electrode material for the first time. Such a composite consists of NG embedded with stacked CoS 2 @MoS 2 sheets. With a 3D skeleton, it prevents the agglomeration of CoS 2 @MoS 2 nanoparticles, resulting in sound conductivity, rich porous structures and a large surface area. The results indicate that CoS 2 @MoS 2 -NG has higher specific capacitance (198 F g -1 at 1 A g -1 ), better rate performance (with about 56.57% from 1 to 16 A g -1 ) and an improved cycle stability (with about 96.97% after 1000 cycles). It is an ideal candidate for SC electrode materials.

  3. Pathophysiology of NG2-glia:a ‘Chicken and Egg’ scenario of altered neurotransmission and disruption of NG2-glial cell function

    OpenAIRE

    Rivera, Andrea Domenico; De La Rocha, Irene Chacon; Neville, Rebekah; Butt, Arthur Morgan

    2016-01-01

    Classically, the central nervous system (CNS) was considered to contain neurons and three main types of glial cells - astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Now, it has been clearly established that NG2-glia are a fourth glial cell type that are defined by their expression of the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (Cspg4). NG2-glia are also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and express the alpha receptor for platelet-derived growth factor (Pdgfra) as well as other oligod...

  4. Stage T1-2 prostate cancer with pretreatment PSA 10 ng/ml or less: radiotherapy or surgery?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Keyser, Douglas; Kupelian, Patrick; Zippe, Craig; Klein, Eric

    1996-01-01

    Purpose: Presently, patients with pretreatment PSA levels ≤10 ng/ml constitute the majority of cases presenting for definitive treatment. Our aim was to determine whether the type of treatment (radiotherapy versus surgery) affected biochemical failure rates in this group of patients. This study is based on 389 patients treated at a single institution. Material and Methods: The charts of all patients treated with either radiotherapy or prostatectomy alone between 1987 and 1993 were reviewed (n=811). Patients with clinical stage T1 or T2 disease, and a pretreatment PSA level (iPSA) of 10.0 or less were analyzed (n=389). Two hundred forty nine (64%) received radical prostatectomy and 140 (36%) received radiotherapy (median dose 66.6 Gy). Pretreatment patient characteristics including clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score (GS) and iPSA level were not significantly different between the radiation and surgery groups (Table 1). The patients treated with radiation were significantly older (median age 70 years vs. 64 years, p<0.05). A total of 37% of the prostatectomy patients had a positive margin. The median follow-up time was 33 months; 1458 follow-up PSA levels were available for analysis. Biochemical failure was defined as a rise in PSA level of 1.0 ng/ml above the nadir PSA level in radiotherapy cases, or any value above 0.2 ng/ml in the prostatectomy cases. Results: The overall 5 year actuarial biochemical relapse free survival (bRFS) rate was 70%. The 5-year bRFS rates for prostatectomy and radiotherapy were identical (70%) (Fig.1). The significant factors affecting bRFS rates were iPSA level (≤4 vs. 4-10 ng/ml) and Gleason score (≤6 vs. ≥7) (Table 2). The 5-year bRFS rates of patients with iPSA ≤4 vs. iPSA 4-10 ng/ml were 92% vs. 61% respectively, p<0.01. The 5-year clinical relapse free survival was 93%. All clinical failures were preceded by biochemical failure. Patients with positive surgical margins did significantly worse than those with negative

  5. Understanding the NG2 glial scar after spinal cord injury

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amber R Hackett

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available NG2 cells, also known as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, are located throughout the central nervous system and serve as a pool of progenitors to differentiate into oligodendrocytes. In response to spinal cord injury, NG2 cells increase their proliferation and differentiation into remyelinating oligodendrocytes. While astrocytes are typically associated with being the major cell type in the glial scar, many NG2 cells also accumulate within the glial scar but their function remains poorly understood. Similar to astrocytes, these cells hypertrophy, upregulate expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, inhibit axon regeneration, contribute to the glial-fibrotic scar border, and some even differentiate into astrocytes. Whether NG2 cells also have a role in other astrocyte functions, such as preventing the spread of infiltrating leukocytes and expression of inflammatory cytokines, is not yet known. Thus, NG2 cells are not only important for remyelination after spinal cord injury, but are also a major component of the glial scar with functions that overlap with astrocytes in this region. In this review, we describe the signaling pathways important for the proliferation and differentiation of NG2 cells, as well as the role of NG2 cells in scar formation and tissue repair.

  6. Glutathione transferase-M2-2 secreted from glioblastoma cell protects SH-SY5Y cells from aminochrome neurotoxicity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cuevas, Carlos; Huenchuguala, Sandro; Muñoz, Patricia; Villa, Monica; Paris, Irmgard; Mannervik, Bengt; Segura-Aguilar, Juan

    2015-04-01

    U373MG cells are able to take up aminochrome that induces glutathione transferase M2-2 (GSTM2) expression in a concentration-dependent manner where 100 µM aminochrome increases GSTM2 expression by 2.1-fold (P protects SH-SY5Y cells incubated with 10 µM aminochrome. The significant protection provided by U373MG-conditioned medium in SH-SY5Y cells incubated with aminochrome was dependent on GSTM2 internalization into SH-SY5Y cells as evidenced by (i) uptake of (14)C-GSTM2 released from U373MG cells into SH-SY5Y cells, a process inhibited by anti-GSTM2 antiserum; (ii) lack of protection of U373MG-conditioned medium in the presence of anti-GSTM2 antiserum on SH-SY5Y cells treated with aminochrome; and (iii) lack of protection of conditioned medium from U373MGsiGST6 that expresses an siRNA directed against GSTM2 on SH-SY5Y cells treated with aminochrome. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that U373MG cells protect SH-SY5Y cells against aminochrome neurotoxicity by releasing GSTM2 into the conditioned medium and subsequent internalization of GSTM2 into SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest a new mechanism of protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes by releasing GSTM2 into the intersynaptic space and subsequent internalization into dopaminergic neuron in order to protect these cells against aminochrome neurotoxicity.

  7. Detección de virus influenza A, B y subtipos A (H1N1 pdm09, A (H3N2 por múltiple RT-PCR en muestras clínicas

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    Pool Marcos

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Estandarizar la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (RT-PCR múltiple para la detección de virus influenza A, B y tipificación de subtipos A (H1N1 pdm09, A (H3N2 en muestras clínicas. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 300 muestras de hisopado nasofaríngeo. Esta metodología fue estandarizada en dos pasos: la primera reacción detectó el gen de la matriz del virus de influenza A, gen de la nucleoproteína del virus influenza B y el gen GAPDH de las células huésped. La segunda reacción detectó el gen de la hemaglutinina de los subtipos A (H1N1 pandémico (pdm09 y A (H3N2. Resultados. Se identificaron 109 muestras positivas a influenza A y B, de las cuales 72 fueron positivas a influenza A (36 positivas a influenza A (H1N1 pdm09 y 36 positivos a influenza A (H3N2 y 37 muestras positivas a influenza B. 191 fueron negativas a ambos virus mediante RT-PCR en tiempo real multiplex. Se encontró una sensibilidad y especificidad del 100% al analizar los resultados de ambas reacciones. El límite de detección viral fue del rango de 7 a 9 copias/µL por virus. Los resultados no mostraron ninguna reacción cruzada con otros virus tales como adenovirus, virus sincitial respiratorio, parainfluenza (1,2 y 3, metapneumovirus, subtipos A (H1N1 estacional, A (H5N2 y VIH. Conclusiones. La RT-PCR múltiple demostró ser una prueba muy sensible y específica para la detección de virus influenza A, B y subtipos A (H1N1, H3N2 y su uso puede ser conveniente en brotes estacionales.

  8. High-Risk Prostate Cancer With Gleason Score 8–10 and PSA Level ≤15 ng/ mL Treated With Permanent Interstitial Brachytherapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fang, L. Christine; Merrick, Gregory S.; Butler, Wayne M.; Galbreath, Robert W.; Murray, Brian C.; Reed, Joshua L.; Adamovich, Edward; Wallner, Kent E.

    2011-01-01

    Purpose: With widespread prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, there has been an increase in men diagnosed with high-risk prostate cancer defined by a Gleason score (GS) ≥8 coupled with a relatively low PSA level. The optimal management of these patients has not been defined. Cause-specific survival (CSS), biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in brachytherapy patients with a GS ≥8 and a PSA level ≤15 ng/mL with or without androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Methods and Materials: From April 1995 to October 2005, 174 patients with GS ≥8 and a PSA level ≤15 ng/mL underwent permanent interstitial brachytherapy. Of the patients, 159 (91%) received supplemental external beam radiation, and 113 (64.9%) received ADT. The median follow-up was 6.6 years. The median postimplant Day 0 minimum percentage of the dose covering 90% of the target volume was 121.1% of prescription dose. Biochemical control was defined as a PSA level ≤0.40 ng/mL after nadir. Multiple parameters were evaluated for impact on survival. Results: Ten-year outcomes for patients without and with ADT were 95.2% and 92.5%, respectively, for CSS (p = 0.562); 86.5% and 92.6%, respectively, for bPFS (p = 0.204); and 75.2% and 66.0%, respectively, for OS (p = 0.179). The median post-treatment PSA level for biochemically controlled patients was <0.02 ng/mL. Multivariate analysis failed to identify any predictors for CSS, whereas bPFS and OS were most closely related to patient age. Conclusions: Patients with GS ≥8 and PSA level ≤15 ng/mL have excellent bPFS and CSS after brachytherapy with supplemental external beam radiotherapy. The use of ADT did not significantly impact bPFS, CSS, or OS.

  9. Diode-pumped high power 2.7 μm Er:Y2O3 ceramic laser at room temperature

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Li; Huang, Haitao; Shen, Deyuan; Zhang, Jian; Chen, Hao; Tang, Dingyuan

    2017-09-01

    Investigation of room temperature laser performance of the polycrystalline Er:Y2O3 ceramic at 2.7 μm with respect to dopant concentrations was conducted. With 7 at.% Er3+ concentration Er:Y2O3 ceramic as laser gain medium, over 2.05 W of CW output power at 2.7 μm was generated with a slope efficiency of 11.1% with respect to the absorbed LD pump power. The prospects for improvement in lasing efficiency and output power are considered.

  10. Neutron flux stabilization in the NG-150 neutron generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kuz'min, L.E.; Makarov, S.A.; Pronman, I.M.

    1986-01-01

    Problem of metal tritium target lifetime increase and neutron flux stabilization in the NG-150 neutron generators is studied. Possibility on neutron flux stabilization using the mass analyzer for low-angle (4 deg and 41 deg) mass separation of a beam in thre components, which fall on a target simultaneously, is confirmed experimentally. Basic generator parameters are: accelerating voltage of 150 kV, total beam current on a target of 1.5 mA, beam current density of 0.3-1.6 mA/cm 2 , beam diameter of 8 mm. The initial neutron flux on the targets of 0.73 mg/cm 2 thick constituted 1.1x10 11 ssup(-1). The neutron flux monitoring was accomplished from recoil proton recording by a plastic scintillator. Flux decrease by more than 5% served as a signel for measuring mass analyzer magnetic field providing beam displacement on a target and restoration of the given flux. The NG-150 generator neutron flux stabilization was attained during 2h

  11. SH2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 regulates pyruvate kinase M2 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tai, Wei-Tien; Hung, Man-Hsin; Chu, Pei-Yi; Chen, Yao-Li; Chen, Li-Ju; Tsai, Ming-Hsien; Chen, Min-Husan; Shiau, Chung-Wai; Boo, Yin-Pin; Chen, Kuen-Feng

    2016-04-19

    Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is known to promote tumourigenesis through dimer formation of p-PKM2Y105. Here, we investigated whether SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) decreases p-PKM2Y105 expression and, thus, determines the sensitivity of sorafenib through inhibiting the nuclear-related function of PKM2. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblot confirmed the effect of SHP-1 on PKM2Y105 dephosphorylation. Lactate production was assayed in cells and tumor samples to determine whether sorafenib reversed the Warburg effect. Clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor samples were assessed for PKM2 expression. SHP-1 directly dephosphorylated PKM2 at Y105 and further decreased the proliferative activity of PKM2; similar effects were found in sorafenib-treated HCC cells. PKM2 was also found to determine the sensitivity of targeted drugs, such as sorafenib, brivanib, and sunitinib, by SHP-1 activation. Significant sphere-forming activity was found in HCC cells stably expressing PKM2. Clinical findings suggest that PKM2 acts as a predicting factor of early recurrence in patients with HCC, particularly those without known risk factors (63.6%). SHP-1 dephosphorylates PKM2 at Y105 to inhibit nuclear function of PKM2 and determines the efficacy of targeted drugs. Targeting PKM2 by SHP-1 might provide new therapeutic insights for patients with HCC.

  12. M(4-PridinkarboksialdehidNi(CN4.nG Hofmann Tipi Konak-Konuk Bileşiklerinin Kırmızıaltı Spektroskopik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi (M = Ni, Cd ve G = 1,4-Dioksan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zeki KARTAL

    2014-12-01

    M(4-PyridinecarboxaldehydeNi(CN4.nG Hofmann Type Clathrates (M = Ni, Cd and G = 1,4-Dioxane Abstract: In this study, clathrate of 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde tetracyanonickel-dioxane, given by the formula M(4-PyridinecarboxaldehydeNi(CN4 nG (m = Ni, Cd and G = 1,4-dioxane, is obtained for the first time through chemical methods. The FT-IR spectroscopic data in the region of (3000–400 cm-1 was recorded and the IR vibrational modes frequencies were given and explained in detail. The spectral analyzes results of the newly synthesized clathrate of 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde tetracyanonickel- dioxane suggests that these clathrates are new examples of the Hofmann-type dioxane clathrates. In our study, the Hofmann-type dioxane clathrates formed by bounding electrons of nitrogen-donor atom of pyridine ring and electrons of oxygen-donor atom of aldehyde group (-CH=O of 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde ligand molecule to transition metal atoms consist of the corrugated |M–Ni(CN4|ï‚¥ polymeric layers which are held in parallel through the chain of (–M–4PCA–M–. Key words: Infrared Spectroscopy, Hofmann Types Clathrates, Tetracyanonickelate, 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 1,4-dioxane

  13. Study of Stark Effect in n-doped 1.55 μm InN0.92yP1-1.92yBiy/InP MQWs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bilel, C.; Chakir, K.; Rebey, A.; Alrowaili, Z. A.

    2018-05-01

    The effect of an applied electric field on electronic band structure and optical absorption properties of n-doped InN0.92y P1-1.92y Bi y /InP multiple quantum wells (MQWs) was theoretically studied using a self-consistent calculation combined with the 16-band anti-crossing model. The incorporation of N and Bi atoms into an InP host matrix leads to rapid reduction of the band gap energy covering a large infrared range. The optimization of the well parameters, such as the well/barrier widths, N/Bi compositions and doping density, allowed us to obtain InN0.92y P1-1.92y Bi y /InP MQWs operating at the wavelength 1.55 μm. Application of the electric field causes a red-shift of the fundamental transition energy T 1 accompanied by a significant change in the spatial distribution of confined electron density. The Stark effect on the absorption coefficient of n-doped InN0.92y P1-1.92y Bi y /InP MQWs was investigated. The Bi composition of these MQWs was adjusted for each electric field value in order to maintain the wavelength emission at 1.55 μm.

  14. Puuduv lugu, ainult kangelane : Zidane ja kunsti mäng / Zoe Stillpass

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Stillpass, Zoe

    2010-01-01

    Režissööride Philippe Parreno ja Douglas Gordoni film prantsuse jalgpallurist Zinedine Zidanest. Film on 23. aprillil 2005 peetud mäng Real Madridi ja Villareali vahel Madridis, mida filmiti 17 kaameraga, mis kõik olid fokusseeritud Zidane'ile. Helitaust pärineb šoti alternatiivroki bändilt Mogwai

  15. Holmium-doped fluorotellurite microstructured fibers for 2.1 μm lasing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yao, Chuanfei; He, Chunfeng; Jia, Zhixu; Wang, Shunbin; Qin, Guanshi; Ohishi, Yasutake; Qin, Weiping

    2015-10-15

    Holmium (Ho3+)-doped fluorotellurite microstructured fibers based on TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3 glasses are fabricated by using a rod-in-tube method. By using a 1.992 μm fiber laser as the pump source, lasing at 2.077 μm is obtained from a 27 cm long Ho3+-doped fluorotellurite microstructured fiber. The maximum unsaturated power is about 161 mW and the corresponding slope efficiency is up to 67.4%. The influence of fiber length on lasing at 2.1 μm is also investigated. Our results show that Ho3+-doped fluorotellurite microstructured fibers are promising gain media for 2.1 μm laser applications.

  16. Efecto del ácido linoléico sobre la producción de las prostaglandinas PGF2α y PGE2 en células endometriales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yasser Lenis S.

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto in vitro del ácido linoléico sobre la producción de PGF2α y PGE2 en células endometriales epiteliales bovinas (CEEP. Materiales y métodos. Se cultivaron CEEP aisladas de tejido uterino y se suplementaron con AL a diferentes concentraciones (1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM, oxitocina (OT (0.1 μM e interferón trofoectodérmico bovino (bINT-τ (50 ng/ml. Se cuantificó la PGF2α y PGE2 a distintos tiempos (12, 24 y 36h. En el control, la PGF2α en el sobrenadante aumentó en el tiempo de cultivo y fue 1.2 veces mayor que la producción de PGE2. Resultados. El ácido linoléico disminuyó la concentración de PGF2α (p0.05 la producción de PGE2. El efecto conjunto de AL y OT sobre la producción de PGF2α difirió para cada uno de los tiempos; el ácido linoléico inhibió parcialmente el efecto estimulante de la OT sobre la producción de PGE2, el efecto conjunto del AL y el bINT-τ aumentó (p<0.05 esta inhibición hasta la hora 24. Conclusiones. El ácido linoléico afecta negativamente la concentración de PGF2α en el sobrenadante a través del tiempo. Respecto a la PGE2 se concluye que el ácido linoléico por sí solo no afecta la concentración en el sobrenadante.

  17. Investigation into the dehydration of selenate doped Na2M(SO4)2·2H2O (M = Mn, Fe, Co and Ni): Stabilisation of the high Na content alluaudite phases Na3M1.5(SO4)3-1.5x(SeO4)1.5x (M = Mn, Co and Ni) through selenate incorporation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Driscoll, L. L.; Kendrick, E.; Knight, K. S.; Wright, A. J.; Slater, P. R.

    2018-02-01

    In this paper we report an investigation into the phases formed on dehydration of Na2M(SO4)2-x(SeO4)x·2H2O (0 ≤ x ≤ 1; M = Mn, Fe, Co and Ni). For the Fe series, all attempts to dehydrate the samples doped with selenate resulted in amorphous products, and it is suspected that a side redox reaction involving the Fe and selenate may be occurring leading to phase decomposition and hence the lack of a crystalline product on dehydration. For M = Mn, Co, Ni, the structure observed was shown to depend upon the transition metal cation and level of selenate doping. An alluaudite phase, Na3M1.5(SO4)3-1.5x(SeO4)1.5x, was observed for the selenate doped compositions, with this phase forming as a single phase for x ≥ 0.5 M = Co, and x = 1.0 M = Ni. For M = Mn, the alluaudite structure is obtained across the series, albeit with small impurities for lower selenate content samples. Although the alluaudite-type phases Na2+2y(Mn/Co)2-y(SO4)3 have recently been reported [1,2], doping with selenate appears to increase the maximum sodium content within the structure. Moreover, the selenate doped Ni based samples reported here are the first examples of a Ni sulfate/selenate containing system exhibiting the alluaudite structure.

  18. CYP1A1, CYP2E1 Y RIESGO A CÁNCER GÁSTRICO EN UNA POBLACIÓN COLOMBIANA DE ALTA INCIDENCIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Castaño

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo fue probar la hipótesis de que en casos y controles, de una población colombiana con alta incidencia de cáncer gástrico, muestran diferencias significativas entre las frecuencias de los polimorfismos genéticos CYP1A1-m2 y CYP2E1-c2; y a la vez, probar si hay diferencias entre el hábito del tabaquismo, el consumo de licor y el estrato socioeconómico; así como también sus posibles interacciones. Ochenta y siete pacientes afectados por cáncer gástrico e igual número de controles, del mismo grupo poblacional, genéticamente aislado, pertenecientes a la comunidad “paisa” del departamento de Caldas, fueron genotipíficados por medio de PCR-RFLPs para los polimorfismos CYP1A1-m2 y CYP2E1-c2. Además, se tuvo en cuenta las variables socioeconómicas y el estilo de vida, con respecto al tabaquismo y al consumo de alcohol. Los resultados encontrados sugieren que los portadores del polimorfismo CYP2E1-c2, asociado con mayor actividad metabólica, tienen mayor riesgo a desarrollar cáncer gástrico (OR=3.6, CI95% 1.6-8.1/p=0,002. En contraste, la frecuencia del polimorfismo CYP1A1*2A (MspI, también asociado con mayor actividad enzimática, mostró similar frecuencia entre los dos grupos. El tabaquismo y el estrato socioeconómico bajo, también mostraron diferencias significativas. En conclusión, se evidencia interacción significativa entre gen-ambiente, particularmente entre el tabaquismo y los alelos bioactiavantes CYP2E1- c2 y CYP1A1-m2, que pueden alterar la susceptibilidad a cáncer de estómago en esta región Andina del noroeste de Sur América.

  19. Local structures in mixed LixFe1yMyPO4 (M=Co, Ni) electrode materials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jalkanen, K.; Lindén, J.; Karppinen, M.

    2015-01-01

    We employ 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy as a local tool to probe electrical environments of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ at different lithiation (x) and cation-substitution (y) levels in Li x Fe 1y M y PO 4 /C (M=Co, Ni) Li-ion battery electrode materials. Upon delithiation the local environment of Fe 3+ remains unaffected for the parent y=0 system due to the LiFePO 4 /FePO 4 phase separation, whereas for y>0 changes in the electrical environment are seen for Fe 3+ . When the Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ redox couple is partially-delithiated, a decreasing quadrupole splitting value is observed for Fe 3+ with increasing y, implying a more symmetric electrical environment. The increasing concentration of the Co 2+ /Ni 2+ substituent introduces increasing amounts of Li atoms in the Fe 3+ -containing phase, and these nearest-neighbor Li atoms are suspected to cause the changes seen in the local environment of Fe 3+ . - Graphical abstract: Local environment of iron in Li x Fe 1y (Co/Ni) y PO 4 is studied by 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy at different lithiation (x) and cation-substitution (y) levels. - Highlights: • Local Fe environment in Li x Fe 1y (Co/Ni) y PO 4 is studied by 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. • Co/Ni-for-Fe substitution results in a more symmetric electrical environment for Fe 3+ . • Due to presence of Co 2+ /Ni 2+ , Li atoms are introduced into the Fe 3+ -containing phase. • These nearest-neighbor Li atoms are suggested to change the local Fe 3+ environment

  20. Evaluación de dos métodos de extracción de ADN a partir de biopsias fijadas en formalina y embebidas en parafina en condiciones no optimas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Andres Bustamante

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Los tejidos de archivo son un material de incalculable valor para estudios retrospectivos que requieran la aplicación de análisis moleculares. Existen múltiples métodos de extracción de ADN a partir de este tipo de muestras. No obstante, la mayoría de métodos toman mucho tiempo y los reactivos empleados contribuyen a la fragmentación del ADN. Con el objetivo de optimizar dos métodos de extracción de ADN a partir de tejidos embebidos en parafina en condiciones no optimas. Se seleccionaron 47 bloques en parafina que contenían biopsias de pleura, pulmón y pericardio correspondientes a 24 pacientes (66,66%hombres mayores de 18 años, con inflamación granulomatosa crónica, remitidos al Departamento de Patología del Hospital Universitario del Valle entre 2002-2007. A cada muestra se le realizaron 10 cortes y se sometieron a dos métodos de extracción de ADN: 1.Convencional y 2.QIAamp-DNA mini kit®. La eficiencia del ADN fue valorada por espectrofotometría y amplificación del gen GAPDH. La concentración de ADN de las muestras extraídas por el método convencional fue de 65.52ng/µl ±11.47 (promedio±EE y la relación 260/280 vario entre 0.52 y 2.30. De las muestras extraídas por el método comercial, la concentración media de ADN fue 60.89ng/µl±6.02, con una absorbancia que oscilo entre 0 y 2.64. El ADN obtenido fue sometido a PCR, de 47 muestras extraídas por ambos métodos, 25 y 23 respectivamente amplificarón exitosamente el gen GAPDH. Los métodos usados para la obtención de ADN presentaron un desempeño similar, revelando así su potencial utilidad en estudios retrospectivos a partir de biopsias embebidas en parafina en condiciones inadecuadas.

  1. Synaptic communication between neurons and NG2+ cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Paukert, Martin; Bergles, Dwight E

    2006-10-01

    Chemical synaptic transmission provides the basis for much of the rapid signaling that occurs within neuronal networks. However, recent studies have provided compelling evidence that synapses are not used exclusively for communication between neurons. Physiological and anatomical studies indicate that a distinct class of glia known as NG2(+) cells also forms direct synaptic junctions with both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Glutamatergic signaling can influence intracellular Ca(2+) levels in NG2(+) cells by activating Ca(2+) permeable AMPA receptors, and these inputs can be potentiated through high frequency stimulation. Although the significance of this highly differentiated form of communication remains to be established, these neuro-glia synapses might enable neurons to influence rapidly the behavior of this ubiquitous class of glial progenitors.

  2. Chemical stabilization and high pressure synthesis of Ba-free Hg-based superconductors, (Hg,M)Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub n-1}Cu{sub n}O{sub y}(N=1{approximately}3)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kishio, K. [Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)]|[Kyoto Univ. (Japan); Shimoyama, J.; Hahakura, S. [Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)] [and others

    1994-12-31

    A homologous series of new Hg-based HTSC compounds, (Hg,M)Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub n-1}Cu{sub n}O{sub y} with n=1 to 3, have been synthesized. The stabilization of the pure phases have been accomplished by chemical doping of third elements such as M=Cr, Mo and Re. While the Hg1201(n=1) phase was readily obtained in this way, it was necessary to simultaneously dope Y into the Ca site to stabilize the Hg1212(n=2) phase. On the other hand, single-phase Y-free Hg1212(n=2) and Hg1223(n=3) samples were synthesized only under a high pressure of 6 GPa. In sharp contrast to the Ba-containing compounds, all the samples prepared in the present study have been quite stable during the synthesis and no deterioration in air has been observed after the preparation.

  3. The monoclinic superstructure of the M2Pt6Al15 series (M=Ca, Sc, Y, La, Lu)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Radzieowski, Mathis; Stegemann, Frank; Hoffmann, Rolf-Dieter; Janka, Oliver; Oldenburg Univ.

    2017-01-01

    The five ternary intermetallic compounds M 2 Pt 6 Al 15 (M=Ca, Sc, Y, La, Lu) were prepared from the elements by arc-melting. The crystal structure was determined via single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compounds crystallize in a superstructure of the RE 0.67 Pt 2 Al 5 type structure (P6 3 /mmc) in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P12 1 /m1 (Sc 2 Pt 6 Al 15 : a=734.19(2), b=1628.96(10), c=734.19(2) pm, β=119.999(3) ; wR=0.0356, 3034 F 2 values, 68 variables). The superstructure can be derived by the superspace formalism using (3+2)D or (3+1)D interpretations of the diffraction data. The structural relation to the subcell structure is discussed on the basis of a group-subgroup scheme. In the crystal structure strongly bonded [Pt 2 Al 4 ] δ- slabs are alternatingly stacked with ordered layers containing M atoms and Al 3 triangles.

  4. Predictive Value of Scintigraphy with Tc-99M IOR CEA1 in Asymptomatic Patients with Suspected Recurrent Colorectal Cancer; Valor predictivo de la gammagrafia con Tc-99M IOR CEA1 en pacientes asintomaticos con sospecha de cancer colorrectal recurrente

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Llamas Olier, A; De los Reyes, A [Grupo de Medicina Nuclear, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Bogota (Colombia)

    2008-07-15

    The early location of recurrent colorectal cancer can make timely interventions to improve patient survival. The immunoscintigraphy with the monoclonal antibody ior-CEA1 has shown useful for detecting tumors with expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). This study was done to evaluate their predictive value in asymptomatic patients with unexplained elevations of CEA in blood or suspicious or indeterminate findings on radiological images [Spanish] Objetivos: La localizacion temprana del cancer colorrectal recurrente permite hacer intervenciones oportunas para mejorar la supervivencia de los pacientes. La inmunogammagrafia con el anticuerpo monoclonal ior-CEA1 ha demostrado tener utilidad para detectar tumores con expresion de antigeno carcinoembrionario (ACE). Este estudio se hizo para evaluar su valor predictivo en pacientes asintomaticos con elevaciones inexplicables del ACE en sangre o con hallazgos sospechosos o indeterminados en las imagenes radiologicas. Diseno: se realizo la inmunogammagrafia en todos los pacientes que consultaron al servicio de gastroenterologia: asintomaticos, con sospecha de recaida de carcinoma colorrectal. Se interpreto el estudio y se realizaron varios analisis en el tiempo hasta completar criterios de seguimiento (6-12 meses despues del informe gammagrafico). Pacientes: entre junio de 1998 y julio de 2003 se estudiaron 30 pacientes (17 mujeres y 13 hombres) la mediana de edad + DS, 59+16 anos; con sospecha de cancer colorrectal recurrente por elevacion del ACE en sangre (n=27, rango: 5,2 - 357 ng/ml y mediana + DS: 13,4 + 80 ng/ml) o por hallazgos escanograficos inciertos (n=3). Todos fueron tratados inicialmente con cirugia y 19 recibieron tratamientos adyuvantes. Doce casos fueron estadificados como Dukes B y 18 como Dukes C. Intervenciones: la confirmacion del diagnostico final se hizo con criterios anatomo-patologicos o radiologicos y segun el seguimiento clinico a 1 ano. V einte horas despues de la administracion intravenosa

  5. Luminescence properties of Sr{sub 3-x-3y/2}M{sub x}Ce{sub y}AlO{sub 4}F (M=Ca, Ba, 0{<=}x{<=}0.9, 0.001{<=}y{<=}0.05) phosphors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Choi, Hye-Min [Department of Engineering in Energy and Applied Chemistry, Silla University, Busan 617-736 (Korea, Republic of); Park, Sangmoon, E-mail: spark@silla.ac.kr [Department of Engineering in Energy and Applied Chemistry, Silla University, Busan 617-736 (Korea, Republic of)

    2012-09-15

    Luminescent materials composed of Sr{sub 3-x-3y/2}M{sub x}Ce{sub y}AlO{sub 4}F (M=Ca, Ba, 0{<=}x{<=}0.9, 0.001{<=}y{<=}0.05) were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the obtained oxyfluorides are exhibited for indexing peak positions. Dynamic excitation and emission spectra of the Ce{sup 3+}-activated oxyfluoride phosphors are clearly monitored. The critical emission quenching as a function of Ce{sup 3+} contents in Sr{sub 2.5-3y/2}M{sub 0.5}Ce{sub y}AlO{sub 4}F phosphors is revealed at quite low concentrations of the activator. CIE coordinates of blue and green Sr{sub 2.5-3y/2}M{sub 0.5}Ce{sub y}AlO{sub 4}F phosphors are clearly measured. The relative quantum efficiency of Sr{sub 2.4985}Ca{sub 0.5}Ce{sub 0.005}AlO{sub 4}F based on the integrated emission is determined. The Sr{sub 3-x-3y/2}M{sub x}Ce{sub y}AlO{sub 4}F phosphors excited near 410 nm light could be prominent phosphors in applications of NUV-LED. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Blue and green emitting oxyfluoride phosphors are excitated near 410 nm Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ce{sup 3+}-activated oxyfluoride phosphors are quite effective to prepare white light for near-UV LED applications. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Gradual substitution of Ce{sup 3+} content in the oxyfluoride hosts changes CIE values.

  6. Synergistic action between inhibition of P2Y12/P2Y1 and P2Y12/thrombin in ADP- and thrombin-induced human platelet activation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nylander, Sven; Mattsson, Christer; Ramström, Sofia; Lindahl, Tomas L

    2004-01-01

    The objective of this study was to investigate if there is a synergistic effect of a combination of P2Y12 and P2Y1 inhibition and P2Y12 and thrombin inhibition, on ADP- and thrombin-induced platelet activation, respectively. The rationale being that these combinations will cause a concurrent inhibition of both Gαq and Gαi signalling.Blood from healthy volunteers was preincubated with AR-C69931MX, a reversible P2Y12 antagonist; MRS2179, a reversible P2Y1 antagonist; or melagatran, a direct reversible thrombin inhibitor; alone or in various combinations prior to activation with ADP or thrombin. Platelet function in whole blood was assessed by flow cytometry using the antibody PAC-1 to estimate the expression of active αIIbβ3 (the fibrinogen receptor GPIIb/IIIa). A synergistic effect was evaluated by comparing the concentrations in the different combinations with those of corresponding equipotent concentrations of each single inhibitor alone. The equipotent single concentrations were experimentally obtained from concentration response curves performed in parallel.A synergistic effect regarding inhibition of ADP-induced platelet activation (10 μM) was obtained with different combinations of AR-C69931MX and MRS2179.Inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet activation (2 nM) with combinations of AR-C69931MX and the thrombin inhibitor melagatran did also result in a strong synergistic effect.To our knowledge, this is the first time that data supporting a synergistic effect has been published for the inhibitor combinations described.Whether this synergistic effect in vitro also results in an improved antithrombotic effect in vivo with or without an increased risk of bleeding remains to be studied in well-conducted clinical studies. PMID:15265806

  7. M1 and M2 Monocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Contribution of Imbalance of M1/M2 Monocytes to Osteoclastogenesis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shoichi Fukui

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available ObjectivesWe investigated the relationships among M1 monocytes, M2 monocytes, osteoclast (OC differentiation ability, and clinical characteristics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs were isolated from RA patients and healthy donors, and we then investigated the number of M1 monocytes or M2 monocytes by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We also obtained and cultured CD14-positive cells from PBMCs from RA patients and healthy donors to investigate OC differentiation in vitro.ResultsForty RA patients and 20 healthy donors were included. Twenty-two patients (55% were anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA positive. The median M1/M2 ratio was 0.59 (0.31–1.11, interquartile range. There were no significant differences between the RA patients and healthy donors. There was a positive correlation between the M1/M2 ratio and the differentiated OC number in vitro in RA patients (ρ = 0.81, p < 0.001. The ACPA-positive patients had significantly higher M1/M2 ratios in vivo (p = 0.028 and significantly greater numbers of OCs in vitro (p = 0.005 than the ACPA-negative patients. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that the M1/M2 ratio was the sole significant contribution factor to in vitro osteoclastogenesis. RA patients with M1/M2 ratios >1 (having relatively more M1 monocytes had higher C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rates than RA patients with M1/M2 ratios ≤1. M1-dominant monocytes in vitro produced higher concentrations of interleukin-6 upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide than M2 monocytes.ConclusionM1/M2 monocytes imbalance strongly contributes to osteoclastogenesis of RA patients. Our findings cast M1 and M2 monocyte subsets in a new light as a new target of treatments for RA to prevent progression of osteoclastic bone destruction.

  8. Prospective Evaluation of 68Ga-RM2 PET/MRI in Patients with Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer and Negative Findings on Conventional Imaging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Minamimoto, Ryogo; Sonni, Ida; Hancock, Steven; Vasanawala, Shreyas; Loening, Andreas; Gambhir, Sanjiv S; Iagaru, Andrei

    2018-05-01

    68 Ga-labeled DOTA-4-amino-1-carboxymethyl-piperidine-d-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH 2 ( 68 Ga-RM2) is a synthetic bombesin receptor antagonist that targets gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr). GRPr proteins are highly overexpressed in several human tumors, including prostate cancer (PCa). We present data from the use of 68 Ga-RM2 in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) of PCa and negative findings on conventional imaging. Methods: We enrolled 32 men with BCR of PCa, who were 59-83 y old (mean ± SD, 68.7 ± 6.4 y). Imaging started at 40-69 min (mean, 50.5 ± 6.8 min) after injection of 133.2-151.7 MBq (mean, 140.6 ± 7.4 MBq) of 68 Ga-RM2 using a time-of-flight-enabled simultaneous PET/MRI scanner. T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and diffusion-weighted images were acquired. Results: All patients had a rising level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (range, 0.3-119.0 ng/mL; mean, 10.1 ± 21.3 ng/mL) and negative findings on conventional imaging (CT or MRI, and a 99m Tc-methylene diphosphonate bone scan) before enrollment. The observed 68 Ga-RM2 PET detection rate was 71.8%. 68 Ga-RM2 PET identified recurrent PCa in 23 of the 32 participants, whereas the simultaneous MRI scan identified findings compatible with recurrent PCa in 11 of the 32 patients. PSA velocity was 0.32 ± 0.59 ng/mL/y (range, 0.04-1.9 ng/mL/y) in patients with negative PET findings and 2.51 ± 2.16 ng/mL/y (range, 0.13-8.68 ng/mL/y) in patients with positive PET findings ( P = 0.006). Conclusion: 68 Ga-RM2 PET can be used for assessment of GRPr expression in patients with BCR of PCa. High uptake in multiple areas compatible with cancer lesions suggests that 68 Ga-RM2 is a promising PET radiopharmaceutical for localization of disease in patients with BCR of PCa and negative findings on conventional imaging. © 2018 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

  9. Measurement of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw and Pasteurized Cow Milk Samples by HPLC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    afshin Nazari

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available Nazari A1, Noroozi H2, Movahedi M3, Khaksarian M1 1. Instructor, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Abstract Background: Aflatoxin M1 is a hydroxylated form of aflatoxin B1 which is produced by Aspergillus flavus. This toxin is produced when cows or other ruminants eat foods contaminated with these mycotoxins and then excrete them in the milk. The toxin is a potent liver and kidney carcinogenetic agent. Materials and methods: Forty two raw cows milk samples from local sources of milk collection and forty samples of commercial pasteurized market milk from Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran were collected in summer and winter season of 2005. Twenty-one cow milk samples and 20 pasteurized milk samples in each season were analyzed for the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1 by HPLC immunoaffinity columns. Results: Four of 21 raw milk samples in summer showed AFM1 levels between 0.017-0.046 ng/ml and all samples (100% in winter showed the presence of AFM1 levels between 0.003-0.041ng/ ml. AFM1 was detected in 55% of market pasteurized cow milk samples ranging from 0.017 to 0.533 ng/ml in summer and 100% ranging from 0.005-0.0054 ng/ml in winter.,Only one of all milk samples of pasteurized milk in summer had toxin level (0.533 ng/ml more than the maximum permissive limit (0.5 ng/ml. No significant difference was observed among mean contamination level of raw and pasteurized cow milk in two seasons. Key words: Aflatoxin M1, raw milk, pasteurized milk, Khoramabad, HPLC

  10. Low percentage of free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a strong predictor of later detection of prostate cancer among Japanese men with serum levels of total PSA of 4.0 ng/mL or less.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sasaki, Mitsuharu; Ishidoya, Shigeto; Ito, Akihiro; Saito, Hideo; Yamada, Shigeyuki; Mitsuzuka, Koji; Kaiho, Yasuhiro; Shibuya, Daisuke; Yamaguchi, Takuhiro; Arai, Yoichi

    2014-11-01

    To investigate the effect of the percentage of free prostate-specific antigen (%fPSA) on future prostate cancer risk. We examined serum total PSA (tPSA) and %fPSA annually in a prostate cancer-screening cohort between July 2001 and June 2011. Men with tPSA >4.0 ng/mL or tPSA of 2.0-4.0 ng/mL with %fPSA ≤12% were screened as positive and were recommended to undergo a biopsy. The study population consisted of 6368 men, aged 40-79 years, who had tPSA ≤4.0 ng/mL at initial screening and who subsequently underwent 1 or more screenings. We calculated the cumulative risk and hazard ratio of prostate cancer stratified by the initial %fPSA groups as quartiles of prostate cancer patients. During a median follow-up of 36 months, 119 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The lowest quartile of %fPSA (22.2%). For the subset with an initial tPSA ≤1.0 ng/mL, all men diagnosed with cancer had an initial %fPSA ≤33.3% (median). For the subset with tPSA >1.0 ng/mL, men with %fPSA ≤23.0% (median) had significantly higher risk for cancer than those with %fPSA >23.0% (P men with prostate cancer in whom pathologic findings were available, 79 (69.3%) had a Gleason score ≥3 + 4 = 7. A low %fPSA is a strong predictor of a subsequent diagnosis of prostate cancer among men with tPSA levels ≤4.0 ng/mL. Measurement of %fPSA might enhance the detection of high-grade cancer that warrants aggressive treatment. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. Ionic conductivity of the lithium titanium phosphate (Li/sub 1+x/M/sub x/Ti/sub 2-x/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/, M=Al, Sc, Y, and La) systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aono, H.; Sugimoto, E.; Sadaaka, Y.; Imanaka, N.; Adachi, G.Y.

    1989-01-01

    High lithium ionic conductivity was obtained in Li/sub 1+X/M/sub X/Ti/sub 2-X/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/ (M=Al, Sc, Y, and La) systems. Lithium titanium phosphate, LiTi/sub 2/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/, is composed of both TiO/sub 6/ octahedra and PO/sub 4/ tetrahedra, which are linked by corners to form a three dimensional network, with a space group R3-barC. Some workers have already described that the conductivity increased considerably if Ti/sup 4+/ in LiTi/sub 2/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/ was substituted by slightly larger cations such as Ga/sup 3+/(1),Sc/sup 3+/(2), and In/sup 3+/(3,4). These results are similar to each other because of their close ionic radii. In this communication, substitution effects of Ti/sup 4+/ in LiTi/sub 2/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/ by various ions (Al/sup 3+/, Sc/sup 3+/, Y/sup 3+/, and La/sup 3+/) on their conductivities are reported

  12. New hydrogen-rich ammonium metal borohydrides, NH4[M(BH4)4], M = Y, Sc, Al, as potential H2 sources.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Starobrat, A; Jaroń, T; Grochala, W

    2018-03-26

    Three metal-ammonium borohydrides, NH4[M(BH4)4] M = Y, Sc, Al, denoted 1, 2, 3, respectively, were prepared via a low temperature mechanochemical synthesis and characterized using PXRD, FTIR and TGA/DSC/MS. The compounds 1 and 2 adopt the P21/c space group while the compound 3 crystallizes in an orthorhombic unit cell (Fddd). The first decomposition step of all three derivatives of ammonium borohydride has the maximum rate at 48 °C, 53 °C and 35 °C for 1, 2 and 3, respectively, which are comparable to that for NH4BH4 (53 °C). The thermal decomposition of these metal-ammonium borohydrides is a multistep process, with predominantly exothermic low-temperature stages. The compound 1 decomposes via known Y(BH4)3, however, some of the solid decomposition products of the other two compounds have not been fully identified. In the system containing compound 2, a new, more dense polymorph of the previously reported LiSc(BH4)4 has been detected as the intermediate of slow decomposition at room temperature.

  13. Niveles del factor de crecimiento derivado de plaquetas en el plasma rico en plaquetas antes y despues de antiagregantes plaquetarios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maczy González

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available El PDGF es uno de los mitógenos más potentes para el tejido conectivo, su secreción parece ser particularmente importante cuando la fuente es el Plasma Rico en Plaquetas (PRP, de allí el rol protagónico de este último en la regeneración tisular. Se determinó mediante ELISA los niveles de PDGFBB en el PRP, Plasma Pobre en Plaquetas (PPP y Exudado de 32 sujetos sanos antes y 24 horas después de ingerir AAS (Aspirina y Clopidogrel. Los niveles basales de PDGFBB ueron de 10, 6 ± 1, 9 ng/ml (PPP, 12, 12 ± 2, 5 ng/ml (PRP y 10, 84 ± 1, 68 ng/ml (Exudado. Mientras que después del tratamiento con AAS las concentraciones de PDGFBB estuvieron en 8, 96 ± 1, 4 ng/ml (PPP, 11, 36 ± 1, 48ng/ml (PRP, 11, 11 ± 1, 14ng/ml (Exudado y para el Clopidogrel fueron de 8, 53 ± 0, 59 ng/ml (PPP, 9, 65 ± 1, 17 ng/ml (PRP y 8, 51 ± 0, 75 ng/ml (Exudado. Se notó que luego de la administración de AAS y Clopidogrel los valores de PDGFBB disminuyeron de manera estadísticamente significativa, en especial para el grupo del Clopidogrel. El AAS pareció afectar en menor grado las concentraciones de PDGFBB, lo cual puede ser atribuible al mecanismo de acción farmacológica diferencial existente entre la AAS y Clopidogrel. No se encontró correlación entre el recuento plaquetario y los niveles basales de PDGFBB del PRP. PDGF levels in platelet-rich plasma before and after anti platelets drugs Abstract PDGF is one of the most potent mitogen for connective tissue, its secretion appears to be particularly important when the source is Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP, hence the latter leading role in tissue regeneration. ELISA PDGFBB levels in PRP, Platelet Poor Plasma (PPP and exudates, were determined in 32 healthy subjects before and 24 hours after ingestion of Aspirin (ASA and Clopidogrel (CLO. PDGFBB baseline levels were 10.6 ± 1.9 ng / ml (PPP, 12.12 ± 2.5 ng / ml (PRP and 10.84 ± 1.68 ng / ml (exudate. After treatment with ASA concentrations were PDGFBB in 8

  14. RELACIÓN DE LA EXPRESIÓN DE mARN DE LAS METALOPROTEINASAS 2 Y 9 Y EL INHIBIDOR TIMP-1 EN MOLA HIDATIDIFORME COMPLETA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha Pinzón

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Durante el comienzo de la gestación el factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina tipo II (IGF-II se expresa abundantemente en la placenta y podría regular el comportamiento invasivo de las células trofoblásticas. La habilidad invasiva dependerá también de la capacidad de secretar metaloproteinasas (MMPs, cuya expresión anormal contribuye a varios procesos patológicos. En la Enfermedad Trofoblástica Gestacional (ETG estos factores podrían estar desregulados, así la mola hidatidiforme completa (MHC conduce a la formación del coriocarcinoma, que es un tumor invasivo y metastásico. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la relación entre los niveles de mARN de IGF-II, MMP-2, MMP-9 y TIMP-1, por la técnica de RT-PCR, en tejidos de mola hidatidiforme vs. placentas de primer trimestre. La actividad de las MMPs se evaluó usando el ensayo de zimografía, encontrando que en MHC ésta se incrementa, lo cual podría relacionar la malignización del trofoblasto con el incremento en su capacidad invasiva. La expresión elevada de IGF-II en esta patología, también podría estar asociada con el incremento en la actividad de estas MMPs. Una mayor relación entre la expresión de mARNde MMP-9/TIMP-1 en la mola hidatidiforme completa se sugiere como predictor de malignización del tejido trofoblástico.

  15. Observation of spin reorientation in layered manganites La1.2Sr1.8(Mn1-yRuy)2O7 (0.0=<y=<0.2) by Lorentz transmission electron microscopy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yu, X.Z.; Uchida, M.; Onose, Y.; He, J.P.; Kaneko, Y.; Asaka, T.; Kimoto, K.; Matsui, Y.; Arima, T.; Tokura, Y.

    2006-01-01

    The effect of Ru substitution for Mn in bilayered oxides La 1.2 Sr 1.8 (Mn 1-y Ru y ) 2 O 7 (0= for the y=0 crystal to the c-axis for y=0.2, and it rotates away from the c-axis for the y=0.05 and y=0.07 crystals with decreasing temperature. Furthermore, maze-shaped magnetic domain structures were observed in the (001) thin crystals with 0.05=< y=<0.2. Changes in domain size and structure indicate that the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy becomes stronger as Ru content y increases

  16. Nature of the bonding in the AuNgX (Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe; X = F, Cl, Br, I) molecules. Topological study on electron density and the electron localization function (ELF).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Makarewicz, Emilia; Gordon, Agnieszka J; Berski, Slawomir

    2015-03-19

    Topological analysis of the electron localization function (ELF) has been carried out for the AuNgX (Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe; X = F, Cl, Br, I) molecules using the wave function approximated by the CCSD, MP2, and DFT(B3LYP, M062X) methods including zero-order regular approximation (ZORA). In the Ng-F bond, the bonding disynaptic attractor V(Ng,F) is missing; therefore, there are no signs of the covalent binding. The nature of the Au-Ng bond depends on the computational method used. Analysis of the ELF carried out for the AuArF and AuXeF molecules, with the wave function approximated by the CCSD and MP2 methods, shows the V(Au,Ng) attractor possibly corresponding to a partially covalent binding between the gold and noble gas atom. However, its very small basin population (<1e) and a very large value of the variance of the basin population suggest that the Au-Ng bond has a very delocalized character. Such bond nature may be related to the charge shift concept with a resonance of the Au(-+)NgX, Au(+-)NgX hybrids. The weakest Au-Ng bond, in terms of the smallest amount of electron density for the V(Au,Ng) basin, is found for the AuKrF molecule with the CCSD method (0.13e). The MP2 method, however, does not yield any V(Au, Ng) population; hence, the covalent Au-Kr bond is not confirmed. Because the V(Au,Ng) attractor is also not observed with the DFT method, the proper characterization of the Au-Ng bond requires proper description of correlation effects. Additional studies on the Au2 and [AuXe](+) molecules, performed at the CCSD and B3LYP levels, exhibit no V(Au,Au) and V(Au,Xe) bonding basins either.

  17. Protein kinase C-mediated ATP stimulation of Na(+)-ATPase activity in LLC-PK1 cells involves a P2Y2 and/or P2Y4 receptor.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wengert, M; Ribeiro, M C; Abreu, T P; Coutinho-Silva, R; Leão-Ferreira, L R; Pinheiro, A A S; Caruso-Neves, C

    2013-07-15

    ATP-activated P2Y receptors play an important role in renal sodium excretion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulation of ATPase-driven sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule by ATP or adenosine (Ado). LLC-PK1 cells, a model of porcine proximal tubule cells, were used. ATP (10(-6)M) or Ado (10(-6)M) specifically stimulated Na(+)-ATPase activity without any changes in (Na(+)+K(+))-ATPase activity. Our results show that the Ado effect is mediated by its conversion to ATP. Furthermore, it was observed that the effect of ATP was mimicked by UTP, ATPγS and 2-thio-UTP, an agonist of P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors. In addition, ATP-stimulated Na(+)-ATPase activity involves protein kinase C (PKC). Our results indicate that ATP-induced stimulation of proximal tubule Na(+)-ATPase activity is mediated by a PKC-dependent P2Y2 and/or P2Y4 pathway. These findings provide new perspectives on the role of the effect of P2Y-mediated extracellular ATP on renal sodium handling. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Fluorine-ion conductivity of different technological forms of solid electrolytes R{sub 1y}M{sub y}F{sub 3–y} (LaF{sub 3} Type ) (M = Ca, Sr, Ba; R Are Rare Earth Elements)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sorokin, N. I., E-mail: nsorokin1@yandex.ru; Sobolev, B. P. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography (Russian Federation)

    2016-05-15

    We have investigated the conductivity of some representatives of different technological forms of fluoride-conducting solid electrolytes R{sub 1y}M{sub y}F{sub 3–y} (M = Ca, Sr, Ba; R are rare earth elements) with an LaF{sub 3} structure: single crystals, cold- and hot-pressing ceramics based on a charge prepared in different ways (mechanochemical synthesis, solid-phase synthesis, and fragmentation of single crystals), polycrystalline alloys, etc. It is shown (by impedance spectroscopy), that different technological forms of identical chemical composition (R, M, y) exhibit different electrical characteristics. The maximum conductivity is observed for the single-crystal form of R{sub 1y}M{sub y}F{sub 3–y} tysonite phases, which provides (in contrast to other technological forms) the formation of true volume ion-conducting characteristics.

  19. Axonal degeneration stimulates the formation of NG2+ cells and oligodendrocytes in the mouse

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nielsen, Helle Hvilsted; Ladeby, Rune; Drøjdahl, Nina

    2006-01-01

    the response of the NG2+ cells to the different components of demyelinating pathology, we investigated the response of adult NG2+ cells to axonal degeneration in the absence of primary myelin or oligodendrocyte pathology. Axonal degeneration was induced in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult mice...... by transection of the entorhino-dentate perforant path projection. The acutely induced degeneration of axons and terminals resulted in a prompt response of NG2+ cells, consisting of morphological transformation, cellular proliferation, and upregulation of NG2 expression days 2-3 after surgery. This was followed...

  20. NG2/CSPG4 and progranulin in the posttraumatic glial scar.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schäfer, Michael K E; Tegeder, Irmgard

    2018-08-01

    Traumatic injury of the central nervous system is one of the leading causes of death and disability in young adults. Failure of regeneration is caused by autonomous neuronal obstacles and by formation of the glial scar, which is essential to seal the injury but also constitutes a barrier for regrowing axons. The scar center is highly inflammatory and populated by NG2+ glia, whereas astrocytes form the sealing border and trap regrowing axons, suggesting that the non-permissive environment of activated astrocytes and extracellular matrix components is one of the reasons for the regenerative failure. Particularly, secreted chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycans, CSPGs, of the lectican family hinder axonal regrowth. In contrast, the transmembrane CSPG, NG2/CSPG4, appears to be functionally closer related to axon growth permissive heparan sulfate proteoglycans, HSPGs, and synaptic adhesion molecules, which all regulate synaptic signaling and plasticity upon alpha-secretase mediated shedding. Consequently, knockout of NG2/CSPG4 aggravates tissue loss, inflammation and neurologic deficits after brain injury, a phenotype partly mimicked by deletion of HSPG-binding proteins such as the HSPG2/perlecan-interacting protein, progranulin that is also a functional ligand of Notch and Eph2a. Indeed, structural features or progranulin's targets and NG2 may point to direct reciprocal regulations that may act in concert to overcome injury-evoked inflammation and neuronal dystrophy. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology of the glial scar after brain injury, with a specific focus on NG2/CSPG4, its functions before and after shedding and putative reciprocal influences with the glycoprotein progranulin. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. Defining the appropriate radiation dose for pretreatment PSA no. <=no. 10 ng/mL prostate cancer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pinover, Wayne H.; Hanlon, Alexandra L.; Horwitz, Eric M.; Hanks, Gerald E.

    2000-01-01

    Purpose: To investigate whether a dose response exists for biochemical no evidence of disease (bNED) control in prostate cancer patients with pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) no. =no. 7600 cGy. Median dose in these three groups was 7067 cGy, 7278 cGy, and 7734 cGy, respectively. Univariate analysis was performed to determine differences in bNED control (American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology [ASTRO] Consensus Guidelines definition of failure) by dose group for the entire cohort, for 310 good prognosis patients (T1-T2A, Gleason score 2-6, absence of PNI), and for 178 poor prognosis patients (T2B-T3 or Gleason score 7-10 or presence of PNI) . Multivariate analysis (MVA) was performed to determine if dose was an independent predictor of bNED control. Median follow-up was 36 months. Results: A dose response was not demonstrated for the entire group of patients with pretreatment PSA no. =no. 7600 cGy were associated with 5-year bNED control rates of 73%, 86%, and 89%, respectively (p = 0.12). MVA demonstrated prognosis group (p = 0.038) to be the only independent predictor of bNED control. Good prognosis patients had a 5-year bNED of 85% and no dose response was seen. The subgroup of poor prognosis patients demonstrated a 5-year bNED control rate of 81% and a dose response was seen for those receiving no. >=no. 7600 cGy, compared to the two lower dose groups (94% vs. 75% vs. 70%; p = 0.0062). MVA for the poor prognosis subset demonstrated dose (p = 0.01) to be the only independent predictor for improved bNED control. Conclusions: The poor prognosis subset of PSA no. <=no. 10 ng/mL prostate cancer patients benefit from dose escalation. A dose response is not demonstrated for prostate cancer patients with pretreatment PSA no. <=no. 10 ng/mL and other favorable features

  2. Decreased serum betatrophin levels correlate with improved fasting plasma glucose and insulin secretion capacity after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in obese Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year follow-up.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guo, Kaifeng; Yu, Haoyong; Lu, Junxi; Bao, Yuqian; Chen, Haibing; Jia, Weiping

    2016-08-01

    There is increasing evidence that serum betatrophin levels, a hormone derived from adipose tissue and liver, are elevated in type 2 diabetes (T2D). To investigate the relationships among betatrophin and metabolic control, insulin resistance, and pancreatic β-cell function in obese Chinese patients with T2D who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). University hospital, China. This 1-year follow-up study included 34 obese individuals with T2D (18 males, 16 females) who underwent RYGB in our hospital. Anthropometric results, glucose levels, lipid profiles, and serum betatrophin levels were determined before and 1 year after RYGB. The serum betatrophin level decreased significantly after RYGB (72.0 ng/mL [33.4-180.9] versus 35.7 ng/mL [14.8-103.3]); Pfasting plasma glucose and negatively correlated with the changes in the 2-hour C-peptide/fasting C-peptide and homeostasis model of assessment of β-cell function (Pfasting plasma glucose (β = .586, Pfasting C-peptide (β = -.309, P = .021). Circulating betatrophin might be involved in the regulation of glucose control and insulin secretion in obese Chinese with T2D soon after RYGB. Copyright © 2016 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. Doping effect on electronic transport properties of Sr14(Cu1-y M y )24O41 (M=Zn, Ni)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xie Hui; Hu Ni; Wang Lili; Lin Ying; Xiong Rui; Yu Zuxing; Tang Wufeng; Wang Ququan; Shi Jing

    2006-01-01

    Polycrystalline samples of Sr 14 (Cu 1- y M y ) 24 O 41 (M=Zn/Ni) were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction. The series of samples up to y≤0.05 are identified to be single phase and no regular shift of lattice parameters a, b, c is found. The measurements of electronic transport show that although the doping compounds are still semiconductive as the parent phase, Zn and Ni dopants induce a decrease of electrical resistivity. Furthermore, Zn doping depresses the resistivity more significantly than Ni doping. A crossover temperature T ρ that exhibits in the Arrhenius plot of the resistivity versus temperature is observed in all the samples and goes up with the increase of the dopants. The origin of the decrease in resistivity with doping and the conduction mechanisms both above T ρ and below T ρ are discussed

  4. LOS GENES BRCA1 y BRCA2. ESTUDIO MOLECULAR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    N. Alonso

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available RESUMENEn los últimos años, se realizaron numerosos estudios para establecer la predisposición hereditaria al cáncer y las alteraciones mutacionales a nivel de genes susceptibles de originar cáncer de mama y ovario. En 1994 se identificaron los genes BRCA1 (Breast Cancer Gene 1 y BRCA2 (Breast Cancer Gene 2 como susceptibles de cáncer de mama y ovario. En la actualidad se sabe que las mutaciones en BRCA1 y BRCA2 están lejos de explicar la totalidad de los casos de cáncer de mama y/o ovario, y a pesar de que se postulan alteraciones mutacionales en otros genes como CHEK2, TP53 y PTEN, el BRCA1 y BRCA2, siguen teniendo su importancia y utilidad en la valoración del riesgo de predisposición hereditaria. Aunque las cifras son variables según los distintos estudios y autores, se trata en cualquier caso de porcentajes importantes. Entre el 15 y el 85% de las mujeres portadoras de mutación BRCA 1 o BRCA 2 tienen riesgo de desarrollar un cáncer de mama y entre un 10 y 60% de desarrollar un cáncer de ovario. ABSTRACT:In the last years, numerous studies were made to establish the hereditary predisposition to the cancer and the mutationals alterations at level of genes susceptible to originate breast and ovarian cancers. In 1994 genes BRCA1 (Breast Cancer Gene 1 and BRCA2 were identified (Breast Cancer Gene 2 as susceptible of both of breast and ovarian cancers. At the present time, it is knows that the mutations in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 are far from explaining the totality of the cases of breast cancer and/or ovary, and although mutationals alterations in other genes like CHEK2, TP53 and PTEN, the BRCA1 and BRCA2 are postulated, they continue having his importance and utility in the valuation of the risk of hereditary predisposition. Correlations between both BRCA1 and BRCA2 levels with tumour grade metastasis and prognostic accuracy. Between 15 and 85% of the carrying women of mutation BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 have risk of developing a cancer of breast

  5. Enhanced Selectivity and Uptake Capacity of CO2 and Toluene Adsorption in Co0.5 M0.33 MoS4 (M= Sb or Y) Chalcogels by Impregnated Metal Salts

    KAUST Repository

    Adhiam, Fatima Abdullah Ahmed

    2017-11-17

    The synthesis of metal chalcogenide aerogels Co0.5M0.33MoS4 (M= Sb or Y) by the sol-gel method is reported. In this system, the building blocks [MoS4]2− chelated with Co2+ and (Sb3+) or (Y3+) salts in nonaqueous solvents forming amorphous networks with a gel property. The chalcogels obtained after supercritical drying have BET surface areas of 176 m2 g−1 (Co0.5Sb0.33MoS4) and 145 m2 g−1 (Co0.5Y0.33MoS4). Electron microscopy and physisorption studies reveal that the new materials are porous with wide pore size distribution and average pore width of 16 nm. These chalcogels show higher adsorption capacity of toluene vapor (Co0.5Sb0.33MoS4: 387 mg g−1) and (Co0.5Y0.33MoS4: 304 mg g−1) over cyclohexane vapor and high selectivity of CO2 over CH4 or H2, Co0.5Sb0.33MoS4 (CO2/H2: 80 and CO2/CH4: 21), Co0.5Y0.33MoS4 (CO2/H2: 27 and CO2/CH4: 15). We also demonstrated that the impregnation of various metal species like Li+, Mg2+, and Ni2+ significantly enhanced the uptake capacity and selectivity of toluene and CO2 adsorptions in the chacogels.

  6. Genetic and epigenetic inactivation of SESTRIN1 controls mTORC1 and response to EZH2 inhibition in follicular lymphoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oricchio, Elisa; Katanayeva, Natalya; Donaldson, Maria Christine; Sungalee, Stephanie; Pasion, Joyce P; Béguelin, Wendy; Battistello, Elena; Sanghvi, Viraj R; Jiang, Man; Jiang, Yanwen; Teater, Matt; Parmigiani, Anita; Budanov, Andrei V; Chan, Fong Chun; Shah, Sohrab P; Kridel, Robert; Melnick, Ari M; Ciriello, Giovanni; Wendel, Hans-Guido

    2017-06-28

    Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an incurable form of B cell lymphoma. Genomic studies have cataloged common genetic lesions in FL such as translocation t(14;18), frequent losses of chromosome 6q, and mutations in epigenetic regulators such as EZH2 Using a focused genetic screen, we identified SESTRIN1 as a relevant target of the 6q deletion and demonstrate tumor suppression by SESTRIN1 in vivo. Moreover, SESTRIN1 is a direct target of the lymphoma-specific EZH2 gain-of-function mutation ( EZH2 Y641X ). SESTRIN1 inactivation disrupts p53-mediated control of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and enables mRNA translation under genotoxic stress. SESTRIN1 loss represents an alternative to RRAGC mutations that maintain mTORC1 activity under nutrient starvation. The antitumor efficacy of pharmacological EZH2 inhibition depends on SESTRIN1, indicating that mTORC1 control is a critical function of EZH2 in lymphoma. Conversely, EZH2 Y641X mutant lymphomas show increased sensitivity to RapaLink-1, a bifunctional mTOR inhibitor. Hence, SESTRIN1 contributes to the genetic and epigenetic control of mTORC1 in lymphoma and influences responses to targeted therapies. Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

  7. Differential conserted activity induced regulation of Nogo receptors (1-3, LOTUS and Nogo mRNA in mouse brain.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tobias E Karlsson

    Full Text Available Nogo Receptor 1 (NgR1 mRNA is downregulated in hippocampal and cortical regions by increased neuronal activity such as a kainic acid challenge or by exposing rats to running wheels. Plastic changes in cerebral cortex in response to loss of specific sensory inputs caused by spinal cord injury are also associated with downregulation of NgR1 mRNA. Here we investigate the possible regulation by neuronal activity of the homologous receptors NgR2 and NgR3 as well as the endogenous NgR1 antagonist LOTUS and the ligand Nogo. The investigated genes respond to kainic acid by gene-specific, concerted alterations of transcript levels, suggesting a role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, Downregulation of NgR1, coupled to upregulation of the NgR1 antagonist LOTUS, paired with upregulation of NgR2 and 3 in the dentate gyrus suggest a temporary decrease of Nogo/OMgp sensitivity while CSPG and MAG sensitivity could remain. It is suggested that these activity-synchronized temporary alterations may serve to allow structural alterations at the level of local synaptic circuitry in gray matter, while maintaining white matter pathways and that subsequent upregulation of Nogo-A and NgR1 transcript levels signals the end of such a temporarily opened window of plasticity.

  8. Sox2-Mediated Conversion of NG2 Glia into Induced Neurons in the Injured Adult Cerebral Cortex

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christophe Heinrich

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The adult cerebral cortex lacks the capacity to replace degenerated neurons following traumatic injury. Conversion of nonneuronal cells into induced neurons has been proposed as an innovative strategy toward brain repair. Here, we show that retrovirus-mediated expression of the transcription factors Sox2 and Ascl1, but strikingly also Sox2 alone, can induce the conversion of genetically fate-mapped NG2 glia into induced doublecortin (DCX+ neurons in the adult mouse cerebral cortex following stab wound injury in vivo. In contrast, lentiviral expression of Sox2 in the unlesioned cortex failed to convert oligodendroglial and astroglial cells into DCX+ cells. Neurons induced following injury mature morphologically and some acquire NeuN while losing DCX. Patch-clamp recording of slices containing Sox2- and/or Ascl1-transduced cells revealed that a substantial fraction of these cells receive synaptic inputs from neurons neighboring the injury site. Thus, NG2 glia represent a potential target for reprogramming strategies toward cortical repair.

  9. Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Ice-Cream

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Kazemi Darsanaki

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1 is the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 that it can be found in milk and dairy products. In this study, ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique was used for detection of AFM1 in ice-cream in Guilan province (Northern Iran. A total of 90 ice-cream samples was randomly obtained from different supermarkets. In 62 of the 90 ice-cream samples examined (68.88%, the presence of AFM1 was detected in concentrations between 8.4 -147.7 ng/l. The mean level of AFM1 in positive samples was 40.36 ng/l. AFM1 levels in 11 samples (12.22% were higher than the maximum tolerance limit (50 ng/l accepted by ISIRI, European Community and Codex Alimentarius.

  10. Multipotency and therapeutic potential of NG2 cells.

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Valný, Martin; Honsa, Pavel; Kriška, Ján; Anděrová, Miroslava

    2017-01-01

    Roč. 141, SI (2017), s. 42-55 ISSN 0006-2952 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA17-04034S Institutional support: RVO:68378041 Keywords : NG2 cells * oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) * myelin plasticity Subject RIV: FH - Neurology OBOR OECD: Neurosciences (including psychophysiology Impact factor: 4.581, year: 2016

  11. Efecto de las nanopartículas industriales TiO 2 , SiO 2 y ZnO sobre la viabilidad celular y expresión génica en médula ósea roja de mus musculus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacquelyne Zarria-Romero

    Full Text Available RESUMEN Objetivos Evaluar el efecto de las nanopartículas de ZnO, TiO2 y SiO2 sobre la viabilidad celular y la expresión génica de las interleuquinas 7 y 3 y del factor estimulante de colonias de granulocito - macrófago (GM-CSF en Mus musculus. Materiales y métodos Se extrajo médula ósea roja de cinco roedores (Balb/c para el estudio de viabilidad celular mediante la prueba de MTT. Por otro lado, grupos cinco roedores fueron inoculados vía intraperitoneal con dosis de 0,5; 1; 2,5; 5 y 10 mg/kg de nanopartículas de ZnO y SiO2 y de 5; 10; 15; 20 y 25 mg/kg de nanopartículas de TiO2, 30 h después, se obtuvo el ARN a partir de la médula ósea roja para los análisis de expresión génica empleando las técnicas de PCR y RT-PCR cuantitativa. Resultados Las nanopartículas de ZnO y SiO2 redujeron la viabilidad celular de una manera dosis-dependiente en un 37 y 26%, respectivamente, a partir de una dosis de 1 mg/kg. En cuanto al efecto sobre la expresión génica, a las dosis 5 y 10 mg/kg, las nanopartículas de TiO2 redujeron en mayor porcentaje la expresión de las interleuquinas 7 y 3 (55,3 y 70,2% respectivamente, con respecto a la expresión del GM-CSF, el mayor porcentaje de reducción lo produjo las nanopartículas de SiO2 (91%. Las nanopartículas de ZnO redujeron a partir de las dosis de 20 y 25 mg/kg. Conclusiones Las nanopartículas de ZnO, SiO2 y TiO2 alteran la viabilidad celular y la expresión génica en la médula ósea de ratón.

  12. Effects of artificial holes in very large single-grain Y_1_._5Ba_2Cu_3O_7_-_y bulk superconductors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, S. D.; Jun, B. H.; Kim, C. J.; Park, H. W.

    2017-01-01

    The effects of artificial holes on the trapped magnetic fields and magnetic levitation forces of very large single-grain Y_1_._5Ba_2Cu_3O_7_-_y (Y1.5) bulk superconductors were studied. Artificial holes were made for Y1.5 powder compacts by die pressing using cylindrical dies with a diameter of 30 mm or 40 m, or rectangular dies with a side length of 50 mm. The single grain Y1.5 bulk superconductors (25 mm, 33 mm in diameter and 42 mm in side length) with artificial holes were fabricated using a top-seeded melt growth (TSMG) process for the die-pressed Y1.5 powder compacts. The magnetic levitation forces at 77 K of the 25 mm single grain Y1.5 samples with one (diameters of 4.2 mm) or six artificial holes (diameters of 2.5 mm) were 10-17% higher than that of the Y1.5 sample without artificial holes. The trapped magnetic fields at 77 K of the Y1.5 samples with artificial holes were also 9.6-18% higher than that of the Y1.5 sample without artificial holes. The 33 mm and 42 mm single grain Y1.5 samples with artificial holes (2.5 mm and 4.2 mm in diameter) also showed trapped magnetic fields 10-13% higher than that of the Y1.5 samples without artificial holes in spite of the reduced superconducting volume fraction due to the presence of artificial holes. The property enhancement in the large single grain Y1.5 bulk superconductors appears to be attributed to the formation of the pore-free regions near the artificial holes and the homogeneous oxygen distribution in the large Y123 grains

  13. Development of an impedimetric aptasensor for the determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Istamboulié, Georges; Paniel, Nathalie; Zara, Lorena; Reguillo Granados, Lucia; Barthelmebs, Lise; Noguer, Thierry

    2016-01-01

    An aptasensor was designed for the determination of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk based on DNA-aptamer recognition and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detection. A hexaethyleneglycol-modified 21-mer oligonucleotide was immobilized on a carbon screen-printed electrode through carbodiimide immobilization, after diazonium activation of the sensing surface. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the presence of ferri/ferrocyanide redox probe were used to characterize each step of the aptasensor development. Aptamer-AFM1 interaction induced an increase in electron-transfer resistance, allowing the determination of AFM1 in buffer in the range 2-150 ng/L (LOD=1.15 ng/L). Application to milk analysis showed that a preliminary treatment was mandatory. A simple filtration through a 0.2 µm PTFE membrane allowed determination of AFM1 in milk for concentrations ranging from 20 to 1000 ng/kg. These performances are compatible with the AFM1 levels set in European Union for milk and dairy products for adults (50 ng/kg) and infants (25 ng/kg). Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. Study on solid phase extraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of nickel, silver, cobalt, copper, cadmium and lead with MCI GEL CHP 20Y as sorbent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang Guangyu; Fen Weibo; Lei Chun; Xiao Weilie; Sun Handong

    2009-01-01

    A solid phase extraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) for the determination of nickel, silver, cobalt, copper, cadmium and lead with MCI GEL CHP 20Y as sorbent was studied. Trace amounts of chromium, nickel, silver, cobalt, copper, cadmium and lead were reacted with 2-(2-quinolinil-azo)-4-methyl-1,3-dihydroxidobenzene (QAMDHB) followed by adsorption onto MCI GEL CHP 20Y solid phase extraction column, and 1.0 mol L -1 HNO 3 was used as eluent. The metal ions in 300 mL solution can be concentrated to 1.0 mL, representing an enrichment factor of 300 was achieved. The recoveries of analytes at pH 8.0 with 1.0 g of resin were greater than 95% without interference from alkaline, earth alkaline and some metal ions. When detected with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, the detection limits in the original samples were 1.4 ng L -1 for Cr(III), 1.0 ng L -1 for Ni(II), 0.85 ng L -1 for Ag(I), 1.2 ng L -1 for Co(II), 1.0 ng L -1 for Cu(II), 1.2 ng L -1 for Cd(II) and 1.3 ng L -1 for Pb(II). The validation of the procedure was performed by the analysis of the certified standard reference materials, and the presented procedure was applied to the determination of analytes in biological, water and soil samples with good results (recoveries range from 89 to 104%, and R.S.D.% lower than 3.2%. The results agreed with the standard value or reference method)

  15. Variation of sigma-hole magnitude with M valence electron population in MX(n)Y(4-n) molecules (n = 1-4; M = C, Si, Ge; X, Y = F, Cl, Br).

    Science.gov (United States)

    McDowell, Sean A C; Joseph, Jerelle A

    2014-01-14

    Sigma holes are described as electron-deficient regions on atoms, particularly along the extension of covalent bonds, due to non-uniform electron density distribution on the surface of these atoms. A computational study of MX(n)Y(4-n) molecules (n = 1-4; M = C, Si, Ge; X, Y = F, Cl, Br) was undertaken and it is shown that the relative sigma hole potentials on M due to X-M and Y-M can be adequately explained in terms of the variation in the valence electron population of the central M atom. A model is proposed for the depletion of the M valence electron population which explains the trends in sigma hole strengths, especially those that cannot be accounted for solely on the basis of relative electronegativities.

  16. Bradykinin-activated transmembrane signals are coupled via N/sub o/ or N/sub i/ to production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, a second messenger in NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Higashida, H.; Streaty, R.A.; Klee, W.; Nirenberg, M.

    1986-01-01

    The addition of bradykinin to NG108-15 cells results in a transient hyperpolarization followed by prolonged cell depolarization. Injection of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate or Ca 2+ into the cytoplasm of NG108-15 cells also elicits cell hyperpolarization followed by depolarization. Tetraethylammonium ions inhibit the hyperpolarizing response of cells to bradykinin or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Thus, the hyperpolarizing phase of the cell response may be due to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent release of stored 45 Ca-labelled Ca 2+ into the cytoplasm, which activates Ca 2+ -dependent K + channels. The depolarizing phase of the cell response to bradykinin is due largely to inhibition of M channels, thereby decreasing the rate of K + efflux from cells and, to a lesser extent, to activation of Ca 2+ -dependent ion channels and Ca 2+ channels. In contrast, injection of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate or Ca 2+ into the cytosol did not alter M channel activity. Incubation of NG108-15 cells with pertussis toxin inhibits bradykinin-dependent cell hyperpolarization and depolarization. Bradykinin stimulates low K/sub m/ GTPase activity and inhibits adenylate cyclase in NG108-15 membrane preparations but not in membranes prepared from cells treated with pertussis toxin. These results show that [bradykinin-receptor] complexes interact with N/sub o/ or N/sub i/ and suggest that N/sub o/ and/or N/sub i/ mediate the transduction of signals from bradykinin receptors to phospholipase C and adenylate cyclase

  17. Resolvin D1 and D2 Reverse Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors Through the mTORC1 Signaling Pathway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deyama, Satoshi; Ishikawa, Yuka; Yoshikawa, Kotomi; Shimoda, Kento; Ide, Soichiro; Satoh, Masamichi; Minami, Masabumi

    2017-07-01

    Resolvin D1 and D2 are bioactive lipid mediators that are generated from docosahexaenoic acid. Although recent preclinical studies suggest that these compounds have antidepressant effects, their mechanisms of action remain unclear. We investigated mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of resolvin D1 and resolvin D2 in lipopolysaccharide (0.8 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced depression model mice using a tail suspension test. I.c.v. infusion of resolvin D1 (10 ng) and resolvin D2 (10 ng) produced antidepressant effects; these effects were significantly blocked by a resolvin D1 receptor antagonist WRW4 (10 µg, i.c.v.) and a resolvin D2 receptor antagonist O-1918 (10 µg, i.c.v.), respectively. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 inhibitor rapamycin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor U0126 (5 µg, i.c.v.) significantly blocked the antidepressant effects of resolvin D1 and resolvin D2. An AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 (3 µg, i.c.v.) blocked the antidepressant effects of resolvin D1 significantly, but not of resolvin D2. Bilateral infusions of resolvin D1 (0.3 ng/side) or resolvin D2 (0.3 ng/side) into the medial prefrontal cortex or dentate gyrus of the hippocampus produced antidepressant effects. These findings demonstrate that resolvin D1 and resolvin D2 produce antidepressant effects via the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathway, and that the medial prefrontal cortex and dentate gyrus are important brain regions for these antidepressant effects. These compounds and their receptors may be promising targets for the development of novel rapid-acting antidepressants, like ketamine and scopolamine. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CINP.

  18. The monoclinic superstructure of the M{sub 2}Pt{sub 6}Al{sub 15} series (M=Ca, Sc, Y, La, Lu)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Radzieowski, Mathis; Stegemann, Frank; Hoffmann, Rolf-Dieter [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Janka, Oliver [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Oldenburg Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Chemie

    2017-07-01

    The five ternary intermetallic compounds M{sub 2}Pt{sub 6}Al{sub 15} (M=Ca, Sc, Y, La, Lu) were prepared from the elements by arc-melting. The crystal structure was determined via single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compounds crystallize in a superstructure of the RE{sub 0.67}Pt{sub 2}Al{sub 5} type structure (P6{sub 3}/mmc) in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P12{sub 1}/m1 (Sc{sub 2}Pt{sub 6}Al{sub 15}: a=734.19(2), b=1628.96(10), c=734.19(2) pm, β=119.999(3) ; wR=0.0356, 3034 F{sup 2} values, 68 variables). The superstructure can be derived by the superspace formalism using (3+2)D or (3+1)D interpretations of the diffraction data. The structural relation to the subcell structure is discussed on the basis of a group-subgroup scheme. In the crystal structure strongly bonded [Pt{sub 2}Al{sub 4}]{sup δ-} slabs are alternatingly stacked with ordered layers containing M atoms and Al{sub 3} triangles.

  19. Functional and molecular evidence for heteromeric association of P2Y1 receptor with P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors in mouse granulocytes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ribeiro-Filho, Antonio Carlos; Buri, Marcus Vinicius; Barros, Carlos Castilho; Dreyfuss, Juliana Luporini; Nader, Helena Bonciani; Justo, Giselle Zenker; Craveiro, Rogério Bastos; Pesquero, João Bosco; Miranda, Antonio; Ferreira, Alice Teixeira; Paredes-Gamero, Edgar Julian

    2016-07-07

    All hematopoietic cells express P2 receptors, however pharmacological characteristics such as expression and affinity in granulocytes are unknown. Pharmacological characteristics of P2 receptors were evaluated by Ca(2+) measurements using Fura-2 fluorophore. P2 receptors expression were analyzed by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. P2 interaction were shown by coimmunoprecipitation, western blotting and FRET. Granulocytes were responsive to P2Y agonists, whereas P2X agonists were ineffective. Ca(2+) increase, elicited by ADP and UTP was dependent on intracellular stocks and sensitive to G-coupled receptor inhibition. Moreover, MRS2179, a specific antagonist of the P2Y1 receptor, abolished ADP response. Interestingly, ADP and UTP exhibited full heterologous desensitization, suggesting that these agonists interact with the same receptor. The heteromeric association between P2Y1 receptor and the P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors was shown by immunoprecipitation and FRET analysis. Clear evidence of heteromeric association of P2Y receptors was found during the evaluation of P2 receptors present in mice granulocytes, which could impact in the classical pharmacology of P2Y receptors in granulocytes.

  20. Preliminary Antenna Concept for the ngVLA

    Science.gov (United States)

    Di Francesco, James; Selina, Robert; Grammer, Wes; McKinnon, Mark M.

    2017-01-01

    The preliminary concept for a Next Generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) calls for an interferometric array having an effective collecting area and spatial resolution that are both 10 times better than that of the current VLA and operating over a frequency range of 1.2-116 GHz. Given the large number of antennas needed to meet the collecting area goal, the ngVLA antenna concept must strike a balance between competing science requirements and the programmatic targets for the array’s life cycle cost.Antenna diameters currently under consideration for the ngVLA are in the range of 12-25 m, with a nominal 18-m diameter aperture used for the conceptual design. Currently, the optimization for operations and construction cost suggests that a smaller number of larger apertures is preferable.The surface accuracy goal for the antennas is 185 µm rms (λ/16 @ 100 GHz) for the primary and subreflector combined under optimal environmental conditions. The subreflector will be optimized for performance above 10 GHz, with some degradation in aperture efficiency accepted at lower frequencies.For high dynamic range imaging, particularly at the low end of the ngVLA’s frequency range, the optimum optical configuration is likely an offset geometry. An unblocked aperture will minimize scattering, spillover, and sidelobe pickup. Both performance and maintenance requirements favor a receiver feedarm on the low side of the reflector.High pointing accuracy will also be necessary to provide the imaging dynamic range required of the system. With an unblocked aperture, variations in the antenna gain pattern are expected to be dominated by pointing errors. Preliminary requirements are for an absolute pointing accuracy of 40” RMS, with referenced pointing of 3” RMS (FWHM/10 at 10 GHz and 120 GHz, respectively, for an 18-m diameter dish).The antenna mount is expected to be a typical altitude-azimuth design. Both pedestal bearing and rail-based azimuth drives are under consideration. If fast

  1. On Positive Solutions for the Rational Difference Equation Systems x n+1 = A/x n y n (2), and y n+1 = By n /x n-1 y n-1.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, Hui-Li; Feng, Hui

    2014-01-01

    Our aim in this paper is to investigate the behavior of positive solutions for the following systems of rational difference equations: x n+1 = A/x n y n (2), and y n+1 = By n /x n-1 y n-1, n = 0,1,…, where x -1, x 0, y -1, and y 0 are positive real numbers and A and B are positive constants.

  2. The Role of NG2 Glial Cells in ALS Pathogenesis

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-12-01

    attached and cells migrated out from the spheres. Some had typical OPC morphology (figure 2A), bipolar and tripolar . More importantly, they...cells showed NG2 and Olig2 expression (Figure 5B) after being cultured. After being treated with T3, some cells changed their bipolar and tripolar

  3. Variantes del ADNmt en isleños del lago Titicaca: máxima frecuencia del haplotipo B1 y evidencia de efecto fundador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Sandoval

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Los polimorfismos del ADN mitocondrial son herramientas en el estudio comparativo de poblaciones modernas y antiguas. Entre los más usados están los haplotipos mitocondriales basados en RFLP (polimorfismo de longitud de fragmentos de restricción y un sistema de inserción /deleción. El presente estudio establece la frecuencia de estos haplotipos y compara un total de 144 individuos representativos de las islas Taquile y Amantaní (lengua quechua y de las islas de Los Uros y Anapia (lengua aymara del lago Titicaca, Perú. Nuestros resultados revelan la predominancia del haplotipo B1: 100% en Taquile (n=57; 88,6% en Amantaní (n=35; 75% en Los Uros (n=28 y 87,5% en Anapia (n=24, siendo las frecuencias más altas registradas en el mundo. Otros haplotipos se observan en menor proporción: 17,9% de A2 y 7,1% de D1 en Los Uros; 11,4% de la variante C1 en Amantaní; 4,2% de cada haplotipo C1, C2 y D1 en Anapia. La alta frecuencia de B1 indica que las poblaciones de Taquile, Amantaní y Anapia provienen de un grupo fundador reducido. Aunque hay afinidad entre las poblaciones aymaras de Anapia y Los Uros; la proporción de algunos alelos en los últimos, sugiere la persistencia de un acervo genético uru en contraposición a la idea de su extinción.

  4. Magnetic and transport properties of the (Tb{sub 1-} {sub x} Y {sub x} )Mn{sub 2}Si{sub 2} and TbMn{sub 2}(Si{sub 1-} {sub y} Ge {sub y} ){sub 2} systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Granovsky, S.A. [Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory GSP-2 119992 Moscow (Russian Federation) and TU Dresden, Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, D-01062, Dresden (Germany)]. E-mail: ser@plms.phys.msu.ru; Gaidukova, I.Yu. [Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory GSP-2 119992 Moscow (Russian Federation); Doerr, M. [TU Dresden, Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, D-01062, Dresden (Germany); Loewenhaupt, M. [TU Dresden, Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, D-01062, Dresden (Germany); Markosyan, A.S. [Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory GSP-2 119992 Moscow (Russian Federation)

    2005-04-15

    Magnetic and transport characteristics of pseudo-ternary compounds (Tb{sub 1-} {sub x} Y {sub x} )Mn{sub 2}Si{sub 2} and TbMn{sub 2}(Si{sub 1-} {sub y} Ge {sub y} ){sub 2} have been studied. The role of the 4f-3d exchange and Mn-Mn distances in the formation of the magnetic structure of these compounds is discussed.

  5. Spectroscopic Studies of Semiconductor Materials for Aggressive-scaled Micro- and Opto-electronic Devices: nc-SiO2, GeO2; ng-Si, Ge and ng-Transition metal (TM) oxides

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cheng, Cheng

    transitions. Intra-d states are observed in all high-K dielectrics regardless of morphology, e.g. ng-TiO2, nc- Ti silicate , c-LaTiO3, nc-HfSiON334. This dissertation also discussed spectroscopic studies of: (i) nc-SiO 2, nc-GeO2 and (ii) nc-(SiO2)x(GeO2) 1-x pseudo-binary alloys. These studies, and the interpretation of these spectra and those in Chapter 3 in the This dissertation also discussed spectroscopic studies of: (i) nc-SiO2, nc-GeO2 and (ii) nc-(SiO 2)x(GeO2)1-x pseudo-binary alloys. These studies, and the interpretation of these spectra and those in Chapter 3 in the context of ab-initio theory provide a science base for the implementation of nc-oxides onto Germaniumsubstrates for aggressively scaled CMOS FETs, imaging devices as well as photovoltaics. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy(AES) were used to determine SiO2 and GeO2 concentration in (SiO2)x(GeO2)1-x alloys. A linear trend in chemical shifts with compositions is observed and explained with charge-potential model, which incorporates the results of calculated partial charge from an empirical model for ionicity. The compositional linear relationships between binding energies nc-SiO 2, nc-GeO2, and (SiO2)x(GeO2)1-x alloy concentration agrees with the calculated results in charge potential model. SE and XAS spectral results show relatively strong O-vacancy in nc-GeO 2. O-vacancy defects in c-SiO2 are weaker. This is due to differences between Ge-O and Si-O bond (657.5kJ/mol and 799.6kJ/mol respectively). SE data shows a strong defect feature in GeO2, while SiO2 has no significant and distinct defect signature. Percolation theory describes the interconnection of bonds, e.g. Si-O and Ge-O in an otherwise nc-material, a (SiO2)x(GeO2)1-x pseudo-binary alloy. Changes in the band-gap energy of binary Si-Ge alloys occur at 0%Si (or 100% Ge), and the band gap energy increases from ˜ 0.6 eV to ˜0.87 eV as the Si concentration increases. A inflection point is at the percolation

  6. Chromosomal aberrations induced by caffeine, 3H-thymidine and by X-rays in two L5178Y sublines of different radiosensitivity. Part 1. Chromosomal aberrations in cells treated with 2mM caffeine and tritiated thymidine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bocian, E.; Bouzyk, E.; Rosiek, O.; Ziemba-Zoltowska, B.

    1982-01-01

    Chromosomal aberrations were studied in two sublines of L5178Y cells with different sensitivity to X-rays. Cells were treated with 2 mM caffeine for 12 h. Then they were examined at various time intervals from 5 to 24 h. Caffeine caused over three times more aberrations, mainly chromatid breaks and gaps, in radiation-sensitive L5178Y-S than in radiation-resistant L5178Y-R cells. The maximum frequency of chromatid breaks in both sublines was found at 8 h and that of chromatid exchanges and isochromatid breaks at 12 h after treatment. A dramatic decrease of the frequency of all types of aberrations at 24 h was observed. In the pulse labelled experiments caffeine enhanced the frequency of aberrations that were induced by 3 H-thymidine at a concentration of 1 μCi/ml. This effect of caffeine was greater in L5178Y-R than in L5178Y-S cells. (author)

  7. Comparison of Bit Error Rate of Line Codes in NG-PON2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tomas Horvath

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available This article focuses on simulation and comparison of line codes NRZ (Non Return to Zero, RZ (Return to Zero and Miller’s code for NG-PON2 (Next-Generation Passive Optical Network Stage 2 using. Our article provides solutions with Q-factor, BER (Bit Error Rate, and bandwidth comparison. Line codes are the most important part of communication over the optical fibre. The main role of these codes is digital signal representation. NG-PON2 networks use optical fibres for communication that is the reason why OptSim v5.2 is used for simulation.

  8. Phase evolution and aqueous durability of Zr{sub 1−x−y}Ce{sub x}Nd{sub y}O{sub 2y/2} ceramics designed to immobilize actinides with multi-valences

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ding, Yi, E-mail: dingyi2279@126.com [Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900 (China); Key Subject Laboratory of National Defense for Radioactive Waste and Environmental Security, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010 (China); Long, Xinggui, E-mail: xingguil@caep.cn [Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900 (China); Peng, Shuming [Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900 (China); Zhang, Dong, E-mail: zd0823@sina.com [Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900 (China); Tan, Zhaoyi [Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900 (China); Lu, Xirui [Key Subject Laboratory of National Defense for Radioactive Waste and Environmental Security, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010 (China)

    2017-04-15

    Zr{sub 1−x−y}Ce{sub x}Nd{sub y}O{sub 2y/2} ceramics, which were designed as waste form materials, were obtained by simultaneous substitution of Ce{sup 4+} and Nd{sup 3+} for Zr{sup 4+} in ZrO{sub 2}. The influences of the simultaneous substitution of Ce and Nd on phase transformation of ZrO{sub 2} were investigated systematically. Also, the aqueous durability of the ceramics was evaluated. The results show that the phase transformation caused by the simultaneous substitution mainly relates to the total content of Ce and Nd. The ZrO{sub 2} ceramics containing Ce + Nd < 30 mol% exhibit both monoclinic and cubic phases, while the ceramics containing Ce + Nd ≥ 30 mol% are cubic phase. And the cubic phase can be stabilized by incorporating 30 mol% Ce + Nd. Moreover, LR{sub i} are modified by the incorporation of Ce and Nd, because of the presence of oxygen vacancies. The Nd and Ce co-doped zirconia waste form exhibit excellent aqueous durability (∼10{sup −5} g m{sup −2} d{sup −1}). - Highlights: •Zr{sub 1−x−y}Ce{sub x}Nd{sub y}O{sub 2y/2} were obtained by substitution of Ce and Nd for Zr in ZrO{sub 2}. •Phase transformation mainly relates to the total content of Ce and Nd. •Samples with Ce + Nd < 30 mol% show monoclinic and cubic phases, while ≥30 mol% are cubic. •Stabilized cubic zirconia can be obtained by doping with 30 mol% Ce and Nd. •LR{sub Ce} and LR{sub Nd} (42 d) are ∼ 10{sup −5} g m{sup −2} d{sup −1}, exhibiting excellent aqueous durability.

  9. Farmacocinética comparada de metformina, en forma sólida y en formulación extemporánea líquida para pediatría, en voluntarios adultos sanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L Rivera-Espinosa

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available ANTECEDENTES: fraccionar o pulverizar tabletas de metformina para ajustar dosis pediátricas dificulta su administración, genera inestabilidad del fármaco (oxidación/fotosensibilidad y relativiza su biodisponibilidad. Se propone como alternativa de ajuste de dosis y de uniformidad de contenido una formulación extemporánea líquida a partir de tabletas de marca comercial. OBJETIVO: determinar la biodisponibilidad de metformina en formulación líquida, en voluntarios adultos sanos, para demostrar que su comportamiento farmacocinético permanece inalterado. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio clínico, aleatorio, cruzado y longitudinal, en adultos sanos voluntarios (n=12, 7 varones y 5 mujeres, de 24.3 ± 1.8 años, con índice de masa corporal = 24.9 ± 2.5 kg/m2. Se obtuvieron muestras sanguíneas en gotas, colectadas en tarjetas Whatman 903®, a las 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 y 12 horas de ingerir 250 mg del fármaco. Se extrajo el fármaco a partir de 5 discos de papel filtro con sangre impregnada (16 μL, por precipitación directa, con acetonitrilo (ACN y metanol.  La detección fue en una columna AcQuity UPLC BEH HILIC (2.1 × 100mm, 1.7 μm por espectrometría de masas en tándem. Fase móvil: acetato de amonio 5 mM y ACN (80:20; v/v, a 0.25 mL/min isocráticamente. La farmacocinética se determinó mediante el programa Win Nonlin Pro 3.1 y las diferencias se evaluaron por ANOVA de una vía (p ≤ 0.05. RESULTADOS: el método fue exacto, preciso, selectivo y lineal entre 50 y 1000 ng/mL, coeficiente de determinación (r de 0.9982. Las muestras extraídas y almacenadas a 4°C fueron estables por 17 horas y hasta 2 meses a -80°C. La metformina en tableta tuvo una Cmáx de 553.4 ng/mL y de 692.2 ng/mL con la formulación líquida. El Tmáx fue menor con la solución edulcorada (1.6 h que con la tableta (1.8 h. La ke fue menor con la forma líquida (0.29 vs. 0.32 h-1, lo que sugiere que se eliminó más rápidamente. El AUC0-12 fue

  10. Transport and thermoelectric properties of n-type Ruddlesden-Popper phase (Sr1-xGdx)3(Ti1-yTay)2O7 oxides

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sun, R R; Qin, X Y; Li, L L; Li, D; Zhang, J; Wang, Q Q

    2012-01-01

    The transport and thermoelectric properties of (Sr 1-x Gd x ) 3 (Ti 1-y Ta y ) 2 O 7 (x = 0.05, y = 0.05-0.15; x = 0.1, y = 0.05-0.1) compounds with Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phase, prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method plus spark plasma sintering (SPS), were investigated in the temperature range from 300 to 1000 K. The results indicate that the electrical resistivity ρ for all compounds increases with temperature, and has a relation ρ ∝ T M (i.e. the mobility μ ∝ T -M ) with M = 1.58-1.92 at T ≳ 650 K, indicating that the phonon scattering is predominant. Basically, the absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient |S| increases almost linearly with temperature above ∼400 K, showing degenerated semiconducting behaviour. Moreover, both ρ and |S| decrease with the increase in both Ta and Gd content, which can be attributed to an increase in the carrier concentration. The lattice thermal conductivity κ L of the compounds decreases monotonically with an increase in both Ta and Gd content due to mass-defect phonon scattering, and the lowest κ L (κ L = 3.3 W K -1 m -1 at room temperature and 2.0 W K -1 m -1 at 1000 K) is achieved in (Sr 0.9 Gd 0.1 ) 3 (Ti 0.9 Ta 0.1 ) 2 O 7 . Among all the compounds investigated here, the largest dimensionless figure of merit ZT = 0.08 (at 1000 K) is obtained in the compound (Sr 0.9 Gd 0.1 ) 3 (Ti 0.95 Ta 0.05 ) 2 O 7 .

  11. Regulation of P2Y1 receptor traffic by sorting Nexin 1 is retromer independent.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nisar, Shaista; Kelly, Eamonn; Cullen, Pete J; Mundell, Stuart J

    2010-04-01

    The activity and traffic of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) is tightly controlled. Recent work from our laboratory has shown that P2Y(1) and P2Y(12) responsiveness is rapidly and reversibly modulated in human platelets and that the underlying mechanism requires receptor trafficking as an essential part of this process. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying P2Y receptor traffic. Sorting nexin 1 (SNX1) has been shown to regulate the endosomal sorting of cell surface receptors either to lysosomes where they are downregulated or back to the cell surface. These functions may in part be due to interactions of SNX1 with the mammalian retromer complex. In this study, we investigated the role of SNX1 in P2Y receptor trafficking. We show that P2Y(1) receptors recycle via a slow recycling pathway that is regulated by SNX1, whereas P2Y(12) receptors return to the cell surface via a rapid route that is SNX1 independent. SNX1 inhibition caused a dramatic increase in the rate of P2Y(1) receptor recycling, whereas inhibition of Vps26 and Vps35 known to be present in retromer had no effect, indicating that SNX1 regulation of P2Y(1) receptor recycling is retromer independent. In addition, inhibition of SNX4, 6 and 17 proteins did not affect P2Y(1) receptor recycling. SNX1 has also been implicated in GPCR degradation; however, we provide evidence that P2Y receptor degradation is SNX1 independent. These data describe a novel function of SNX1 in the regulation of P2Y(1) receptor recycling and suggest that SNX1 plays multiple roles in endocytic trafficking of GPCRs.

  12. Influencia de la síntesis y del grado de dopaje en las propiedades morfológicas, estructurales y electroquímicas de óxidos LiCo1‑xMxO2 (M = Ni, Al, Mg

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Castro‑Couceiro, A.

    2004-08-01

    Full Text Available In this work we have prepared, by a sol‑gel method, LiCo1‑ xMxO2 compounds (M= Ni, Al and Mg, in order to study the doping effect in their electrochemical behaviour as cathodes in lithium‑batteries. We have studied the influence of the synthesis conditions (using various chelating agents for the formation of the gel on their morphologic, structural and electrochemical properties. We have obtained monophasic materials: LiCo1‑xNixO2 (0≤x≤0.8, LiCo1‑xMgxO2 (0≤x≤0.05, LiCo1‑xAlxO2 (0≤x≤0.3 and LiCo0.5Ni0.5‑xAlxO2 (0≤x≤0.3. In general, the samples obtained with succinic acid have better ordered lithium layers than malic samples.The capacity of the Li//LiCo1‑ xMxO2 batteries decrease upon doping. However, more stable charge‑discharge cycling performances have been obtained as compared to those displayed by the native oxides. In LiCo1‑xMgxO2, small amounts of MgO appear as secondary phases for 0.05 En este trabajo preparamos, mediante un método sol‑gel, óxidos LiCo1‑xMxO2 dopando LiCoO2 con Ni, Al y Mg, con el fin de comprobar la influencia del catión dopante y del grado de dopaje en su comportamiento electroquímico como cátodos de baterías de litio. Estudiamos la influencia de las condiciones de síntesis (utilizando diferentes agentes quelatantes para la formación del gel en las propiedades morfológicas y estructurales de los materiales obtenidos, que condicionan, a su vez, su comportamiento electroquímico. Se obtuvieron muestras monofásicas para distintos grados de dopaje: LiCo1‑xNixO2 (0≤x≤0.8, LiCo1‑xMgxO2 (0≤x≤0.05, LiCo1‑xAlxO2 (0≤x≤0.3 y LiCo0.5Ni0.5‑xAlxO2 (0≤x≤0.3. En general, se logra un mejor orden catiónico en la estructura utilizando ácido succínico como agente quelatante que utilizando ácido málico. Los estudios electroquímicos muestran que los tres dopantes (Ni, Mg y Al provocan una disminución de la capacidad de las baterías, pero contribuyen a mantener

  13. Determination of piperphentonamine and metabolites M1 and M6 in human plasma and urine by LC/MS/MS and its application in a pharmacokinetics study in Chinese healthy volunteers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shi, Aixin; Hu, Xin; Li, Kexin; Li, Jian; Han, Liping; Wan, Huayin; Li, Rubing

    2012-11-01

    Piperphentonamine hydrochloride (PPTA) is a new calcium sensitizer. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for determination of piperphentonamine and its metabolites M1 and M6 was developed for the first time and applied to a pharmacokinetics study. Protein precipitation was used for pre-treatment of plasma samples, and solid phase extraction method was used for pre-treatment of urine samples. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C(18) column using gradient elution in this study: A: 1% acetic acid aqueous solution, and B: acetonitrile. The whole analysis lasted for 10.5min and the gradient flow rate was 0.25mL/min constantly. The detection was performed of a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode via a positive electrospray ionization source. The results were that the m/z ratios of monitored precursor ions and product ions of PPTA, M1 and M6 were 354.0→191.8, 356.0→148.7 and 358.0→148.7, respectively. From the standard curve, the concentration ranges of both PPTA and M1 in blood and urine samples were 0.1-500ng/mL and 0.1-200ng/mL, respectively; the concentration ranges of M6 in blood sample and urine sample were 0.2-500ng/mL and 0.2-200ng/mL, respectively; and the correlation coefficient of standard curve was r>0.99. A total of 31 healthy Chinese subjects participated in the pharmacokinetic study of single bolus intravenous injection of piperphentonamine hydrochloride. They were divided into three dosage groups and given 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6mg/kg of PPTA. After drug administration, concentrations of PPTA, M1 and M6 in human plasma and urine samples were determined to evaluation the pharmacokinetic characteristics of PPTA and its metabolites M1 and M6. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. Peculiarities of the intermediate valence state of Ce in CeM2Si2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koterlyn, M.; Shcherba, I.; Yasnitskii, R.; Koterlyn, G.

    2007-01-01

    The results of thermoelectric power and the electrical resistivity measurements connected with the intermediate valence (IV) of Ce are presented for the compounds CeM 2 Si 2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) in the temperature range of 4-800 K. It is shown that CeM 2 Si 2 are Kondo-lattices with the coherence scale T coh ∼ 60-80 K and the so-called single-site Kondo temperature T K ∼ 10 3 K. On the example of CeNi 2 Si 2 we have studied the changes in the structure of density of f states (f-DOS) near the Fermi energy caused by atomic substitutions. The results of structural, transport, magnetic, and Ce L III X-ray absorption spectra measurements in the series Ce 1-x La x Ni 2 Si 2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6), Ce(Ni 1-y Cu y ) 2 Si 2 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.6) and CeNi 2 (Si 1-z Ge z ) 2 (0 ≤ z ≤ 0.5) are presented. We found that the IV state of Ce in the CeM 2 Si 2 is an evidence of possible opening a wide pseudogap Δ ∼ kT K within the f-DOS structure slightly above the Fermi energy

  15. Truncated thioredoxin (Trx-80) promotes pro-inflammatory macrophages of the M1 phenotype and enhances atherosclerosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mahmood, Dler Faieeq Darweesh; Abderrazak, Amna; Couchie, Dominique; Lunov, Oleg; Diderot, Vimala; Syrovets, Tatiana; Slimane, Mohamed-Naceur; Gosselet, Fabien; Simmet, Thomas; Rouis, Mustapha; El Hadri, Khadija

    2013-07-01

    Vascular cells are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress that is believed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is an oxidative stress-limiting protein with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. In contrast, its truncated form (Trx-80) exerts pro-inflammatory effects. Here we analyzed whether Trx-80 might exert atherogenic effects by promoting macrophage differentiation into the M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype. Trx-80 at 1 µg/ml significantly attenuated the polarization of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages induced by exposure to either IL-4 at 15 ng/ml or IL-4/IL-13 (10 ng/ml each) in vitro, as evidenced by the expression of the characteristic markers, CD206 and IL-10. By contrast, in LPS-challenged macrophages, Trx-80 significantly potentiated the differentiation into inflammatory M1 macrophages as indicated by the expression of the M1 cytokines, TNF-α and MCP-1. When Trx-80 was administered to hyperlipoproteinemic ApoE2.Ki mice at 30 µg/g body weight (b.w.) challenged either with LPS at 30 µg/30 g (b.w.) or IL-4 at 500 ng/30 g (b.w.), it significantly induced the M1 phenotype but inhibited differentiation of M2 macrophages in thymus and liver. When ApoE2.Ki mice were challenged once weekly with LPS for 5 weeks, they showed severe atherosclerotic lesions enriched with macrophages expressing predominantly M1 over M2 markers. Such effect was potentiated when mice received daily, in addition to LPS, the Trx-80. Moreover, the Trx-80 treatment led to a significantly increased aortic lesion area. The ability of Trx-80 to promote differentiation of macrophages into the classical proinflammatory phenotype may explain its atherogenic effects in cardiovascular diseases. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  16. Silica-supported tungsten carbynes (≡SiO)xW(≡CH)(Me)y (x = 1, y = 2; X = 2, y = 1): New efficient catalysts for alkyne cyclotrimerization

    KAUST Repository

    Riache, Nassima

    2015-02-23

    The activity of silica-supported tungsten carbyne complexes (≡SiO)xW(≡CH)(Me)y (x = 1, y = 2; x = 2, y = 1) toward alkynes is reported. We found that they are efficient precatalysts for terminal alkyne cyclotrimerization with high TONs. We also demonstrate that this catalyst species is active for alkyne cyclotrimerization without the formation of significant alkyne metathesis products. Additional DFT calculations highlight the importance of the W coordination sphere in supporting this experimental behavior.

  17. Structural and pinning properties of Y2Ba4CuMOy (M = Nb,Zr)/YBa2Cu3O7-δ quasi-multilayers fabricated by off-axis pulsed laser deposition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reich, E; Thersleff, T; Huehne, R; Iida, K; Schultz, L; Holzapfel, B

    2009-01-01

    Power applications based on YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ coated conductors demand an enhancement of the critical current density J c in magnetic fields to be achieved using artificial pinning centres. A well-known approach to studying pinning by second phase nanoparticles is based on quasi-multilayer deposition of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (Y123) and a dopant material. In this study we use the Y 2 Ba 4 CuMO y (M = Nb, Zr; M2411) phase as a dopant material, which proved to be very successful in increasing J c for bulk samples. Although stability of the M2411 phase in bulk Y123 has been reported, experimental evidence of its stability in thin films is still lacking. We found that during the quasi-multilayer deposition, yttrium doped Ba(M 1-x Y x )O 3 forms instead of the M2411 secondary phase, and this causes an increase of J c at high magnetic fields as well as an increase in the irreversibility field below 80 K as compared against pure Y123 thin films.

  18. Isopiestic Investigation of the Osmotic and Activity Coefficients of {yMgCl2 + (1 - y)MgSO4}(aq) and the Osmotic Coefficients of Na2SO4.MgSO4(aq) at 298.15 K

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Miladinovic, J; Ninkovic, R; Todorovic, M; Rard, J A

    2007-06-06

    Isopiestic vapor pressure measurements were made for {l_brace}yMgCl{sub 2} + (1-y)MgSO{sub 4}{r_brace}(aq) solutions with MgCl{sub 2} ionic strength fractions of y = 0, 0.1997, 0.3989, 0.5992, 0.8008, and (1) at the temperature 298.15 K, using KCl(aq) as the reference standard. These measurements for the mixtures cover the ionic strength range I = 0.9794 to 9.4318 mol {center_dot} kg{sup -1}. In addition, isopiestic measurements were made with NaCl(aq) as reference standard for mixtures of {l_brace}xNa{sub 2}SO{sub 4} + (1-x)MgSO{sub 4}{r_brace}(aq) with the molality fraction x = 0.50000 that correspond to solutions of the evaporite mineral bloedite (astrakanite), Na{sub 2}Mg(SO{sub 4}){sub 2} {center_dot} 4H{sub 2}O(cr). The total molalities, m{sub T} = m(Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4}) + m(MgSO{sub 4}), range from m{sub T} = 1.4479 to 4.4312 mol {center_dot} kg{sup -1} (I = 5.0677 to 15.509 mol {center_dot} kg{sup -1}), where the uppermost concentration is the highest oversaturation molality that could be achieved by isothermal evaporation of the solvent at 298.15 K. The parameters of an extended ion-interaction (Pitzer) model for MgCl2(aq) at 298.15 K, which were required for an analysis of the {l_brace}yMgCl{sub 2} + (1-y)MgSO{sub 4}{r_brace}(aq) mixture results, were evaluated up to I = 12.025 mol {center_dot} kg{sup -1} from published isopiestic data together with the six new osmotic coefficients obtained in this study. Osmotic coefficients of {l_brace}yMgCl{sub 2} + (1-y)MgSO{sub 4}{r_brace}(aq) solutions from the present study, along with critically-assessed values from previous studies, were used to evaluate the mixing parameters of the extended ion-interaction model.

  19. The Eastern side of the Westernmost Europeans: Insights from subclades within Y-chromosome haplogroup J-M304.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Manco, Licínio; Albuquerque, Joana; Sousa, Maria Francisca; Martiniano, Rui; de Oliveira, Ricardo Costa; Marques, Sofia; Gomes, Verónica; Amorim, António; Alvarez, Luís; Prata, Maria João

    2018-03-01

    We examined internal lineages and haplotype diversity in Portuguese samples belonging to J-M304 to improve the spatial and temporal understanding of the introduction of this haplogroup in Iberia, using the available knowledge about the phylogeography of its main branches, J1-M267 and J2-M172. A total of 110 males of Portuguese descent were analyzed for 17 Y-chromosome bi-allelic markers and seven Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STR) loci. Among J1-M267 individuals (n = 36), five different sub-haplogroups were identified, with the most common being J1a2b2-L147.1 (∼72%), which encompassed the majority of representatives of the J1a2b-P58 subclade. One sample belonged to the rare J1a1-M365.1 lineage and presented a core Y-STR haplotype consistent with the Iberian settlement during the fifth century by the Alans, a people of Iranian heritage. The analysis of J2-M172 Portuguese males (n = 74) enabled the detection of the two main subclades at very dissimilar frequencies, J2a-M410 (∼80%) and J2b-M12 (∼20%), among which the most common branches were J2a1(xJ2a1b,h)-L26 (22.9%), J2a1b(xJ2a1b1)-M67 (20.3%), J2a1h-L24 (27%), and J2b2-M241 (20.3%). While previous inferences based on modern haplogroup J Y-chromosomes implicated a main Neolithic dissemination, here we propose a later arrival of J lineages into Iberia using a combination of novel Portuguese Y-chromosomal data and recent evidence from ancient DNA. Our analysis suggests that a substantial tranche of J1-M267 lineages was likely carried into the Iberian Peninsula as a consequence of the trans-Mediterranean contacts during the first millennium BC, while most of the J2-M172 lineages may be associated with post-Neolithic population movements within Europe. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  20. Fabrication of Au{sub nanoparticle}@mSiO{sub 2}@Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu nanocomposites with enhanced fluorescence

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Huiqin [Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi' an, 710069 (China); College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts & Sciences, Baoji, 721013 (China); Kang, Jianmiao [Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi' an, 710069 (China); Yang, Jianhui, E-mail: jianhui@nwu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi' an, 710069 (China); Wu, Biao, E-mail: wubiao@nwu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi' an, 710069 (China)

    2016-07-15

    Herein, Au{sub nanoparticle}@mSiO{sub 2}@Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu nanocomposites are synthesized through layer-by-layer assembly technology. Au{sub nanoparticle}@mSiO{sub 2} core–shell nanospheres were prepared at first in the presence of CTAB in aqueous solution system by the modified one-pot method. A chemical precipitation method and a succeeding calcination process were adopted to the growth of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu shells on the surfaces of Au{sub nanoparticle}@mSiO{sub 2} core–shell nanospheres. The structure, morphology and composition of the nanocomposites were confirmed by XRD, TEM and UV–vis absorption spectrum. The prepared Au{sub nanoparticle}@mSiO{sub 2}@Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu nanocomposites have showed the emission intensity enhances to 6.23 times at 30 nm thickness of the silica spacer between the core of Au nanoparticle and the shell of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu. According to the observations of fluorescent lifetime and the modeling of local electric field, the metal-enhanced and quenched fluorescence is closely related with the enhancement of excitation and radiative decay rate and the quenching by NRET comes as a result of competition between the distance-dependent mechanisms. This kind of multifunctional inorganic material will be widely used in electronics, biology and medical drug loading, etc. - Highlights: • Fabrication of Au{sub nanoparticle}@mSiO{sub 2}@Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu nanocomposites with core-spacer-shell structure. • The controllable fluorescence is achieved by adjusting the spacer thickness of silica. • The fluorescence enhancement is 6.23-fold at an optimal spacer thickness about 30 nm. • The metal-enhanced fluorescence mechanism is proposed.

  1. Association of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Graves' Disease. Unexpected Development and Efficiency of Ablative Dose with Recombinant Human Thyrotropin (rhTSH); Asociación de carcinoma papilar de tiroides y enfermedad de Graves. Inesperada evolución y eficacia de la dosis ablativa con tirotrofina recombinante humana (rhTSH)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pacenza, N. A.; Groppo, N. [Centro Médico “Enrique Tortosa”, Consultorio de Endocrinología, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Guibourg, H. C. [Sigma Imágenes Médicas S.A., Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Buenos Aires (Argentina)

    2013-07-01

    22-year-old obese man. Highlights: 1) The importance of initial US exploration in a patient with GD, 2) Residual neoplastic lymph node tissue after 2 S, performed by an experienced surgeon, with enough functioning tissue to prevent a significant elevation of TSH and allow I{sup 131} ablative therapy, 3) Tumor local aggressiveness shown by adjacent tissues and lymph node infiltration, 4) Failure to identify residues in the neck by CT and US; instead, effectiveness of the neck MRI without contrast and {sup 99m}Tc thyroid scan, 5) Effective use of ablative radioiodine therapy with rhTSH. (authors) [Spanish] El carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides (CDT) asociado a enfermedad de Graves (EG) es una asociación relativamente rara, ocurriendo en el 0,3 % al 9,8 % de los pacientes operados por EG. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con EG y CDT de tiroides con características evolutivas y terapéuticas peculiares. Varón de 22 años que consultó por obesidad. Peso: 116,4 kg, Talla: 1,73 m, BMI: 38,9, clínicamente eutiroideo, con palpación tiroidea dificultosa por grosor de cuello. Análisis iniciales: T3, T4 y TSH dentro de rango normal y ecografía tiroidea con nódulo hipoecoico en lóbulo derecho (LD) de 11 x 10 mm. Se le solicitó punción aspirativa con aguja fina (PAAF) bajo guía ecográfica. Vuelve a los 4 meses con cuadro clínico de hipertiroidismo. Análisis: T3: 557 ng/dL, T4: 18,8 mcg/dL, T4 L: 3,73 ng/dL, TSH: < 0,01 μIU/mL, ATPO: 186 UI/mL, ATG: 965 UI/mL. La citología mostró: {sup H}allazgos citológicos vinculables con carcinoma papilar (CP) tiroideo{sup .} Centellograma tiroideo: {sup N}ódulo integrado en LD{sup .} Es tratado con metimazol y se opera a los 2 meses: {sup T}iroidectomía total{sup ;} cuya anatomía patológica (AP) reveló un {sup C}P variante folicular en lóbulo derecho y zona de CP variante clásica en lóbulo izquierdo{sup .} A los 35 y 60 días de operado (sin instaurar levotiroxina): presenta TSH <0,1 μIU/mL con T3 y T4 normales

  2. Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy of M(N2)n(+) (M = Y, La, Ce; n = 7-8) in the gas phase.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xie, Hua; Shi, Lei; Xing, Xiaopeng; Tang, Zichao

    2016-02-14

    M(N2)n(+) (M = Y, La, Ce; n = 7-8) complexes have been studied by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The experimental results indicate that the N-N stretching vibrational frequencies are red-shifted from the gas-phase N2 value. The π back-donation is found to be a main contributor in these systems. IRPD spectra and DFT calculations reveal the coexistence of two isomers in the seven-coordinate M(N2)7(+) and eight-coordinate M(N2)8(+) complexes, respectively. The present studies on these metal-nitrogen complexes shed light on the interactions and coordinations toward N2 with transition and lanthanide metals.

  3. K1-xMn1+x/2[Fe(CN)6]·yH2O Prussian blue analogues as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Feng-Chen; Sun, Yan-Hui; Li, Jie-Qiong; Nan, Jun-Min

    2018-06-01

    Hexacyanoferrate, KMn[Fe(CN)6]·yH2O (KMnHCF), a Prussian blue analogue (PBA), is synthesized by a solution precipitation method under alkaline condition at room temperature. After treated with diluted hydrochloride acid, the KMnHCF is turned into Mn3[Fe(CN)6]2·yH2O (MnHCF). Then both synthesized KMnHCF and MnHCF are applied as anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The KMnHCF anode exhibits a super electrochemical performance than MnHCF. It shows a very low discharge voltage plateau of 0.6 V, an initial capacity of 777 mAh g-1, and a reversible capacity of 434 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 50 mA g-1. Furthermore, it keeps 425 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g-1 and 215 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles even at 500 mA g-1. It is remarkable that the coulombic efficiency can be maintained larger than 98.4% from the 5th cycle at 50 mA g-1, 99.2% at 100 mA g-1, and 96.8% even at 500 mA g-1. In addition, the original structure of the KMnHCF has no obvious change after lithiation/de-lithiation based on the ex-situ X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) characterization, indicating large channels and interstitial sites in the open-framework can allow rapid insertion and extraction of Li+ and constrain volume expansion during charge/discharge process.

  4. Generation of Reactive Astrocytes from NG2 Cells is Regulated by Sonic Hedgehog

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Honsa, Pavel; Valný, Martin; Kriška, Ján; Matušková, Hana; Harantová, Lenka; Kirdajová, Denisa; Valihrach, Lukáš; Kubista, Mikael; Anděrová, Miroslava

    2016-01-01

    Roč. 64, č. 9 (2016), s. 1518-1531 ISSN 0894-1491 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GBP304/12/G069; GA ČR(CZ) GA16-10214S; GA MŠk(CZ) ED1.1.00/02.0109; GA MŠk(CZ) LQ1604; GA MŠk(CZ) EE2.3.30.0045 Institutional support: RVO:68378041 ; RVO:86652036 Keywords : ischemia * NG2 cells * glial scar Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology; EI - Biotechnology ; Bionics (BTO-N) Impact factor: 6.200, year: 2016

  5. Adenine Nucleotide Analogues Locked in a Northern Methanocarba Conformation: Enhanced Stability and Potency as P2Y1 Receptor Agonists

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ravi, R. Gnana; Kim, Hak Sung; Servos, Jörg; Zimmermann, Herbert; Lee, Kyeong; Maddileti, Savitri; Boyer, José L.; Harden, T. Kendall; Jacobson, Kenneth A.

    2016-01-01

    Preference for the Northern (N) ring conformation of the ribose moiety of nucleotide 5′-triphosphate agonists at P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y11 receptors, but not P2Y6 receptors, was established using a ring-constrained methanocarba (a 3.1.0-bicyclohexane) ring as a ribose substitute (Kim et al. J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 208–218.). We have now combined the ring-constrained (N)-methanocarba modification of adenine nucleotides with other functionalities known to enhance potency at P2 receptors. The potency of the newly synthesized analogues was determined in the stimulation of phospholipase C through activation of turkey erythrocyte P2Y1 or human P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors stably expressed in astrocytoma cells. An (N)-methanocarba-2-methylthio-ADP analogue displayed an EC50 at the hP2Y1 receptor of 0.40 nM and was 55-fold more potent than the corresponding triphosphate and 16-fold more potent than the riboside 5′-diphosphate. 2-Cl–(N)-methanocarba-ATP and its N6-Me analogue were also highly selective, full agonists at P2Y1 receptors. The (N)-methanocarba-2-methylthio and 2-chloromonophosphate analogues were full agonists exhibiting micromolar potency at P2Y1 receptors, while the corresponding ribosides were inactive. Although β,γ-methylene-ATP was inactive at P2Y receptors, β,γ-methylene-(N)-methanocarba-ATP was a potent hP2Y1 receptor agonist with an EC50 of 160 nM and was selective versus hP2Y2 and hP2Y4 receptors. The rates of hydrolysis of Northern (N) and Southern (S) methanocarba analogues of AMP by rat 5′-ectonucleotidase were negligible. The rates of hydrolysis of the corresponding triphosphates by recombinant rat NTPDase1 and 2 were studied. Both isomers were hydrolyzed by NTPDase 1 at about half the rate of ATP hydrolysis. The (N) isomer was hardly hydrolyzed by NTPDase 2, while the (S) isomer was hydrolyzed at one-third of the rate of ATP hydrolysis. This suggests that new, more stable and selective nucleotide agonists may be designed on the basis of

  6. Alternatively Activated (M2) Macrophage Phenotype Is Inducible by Endothelin-1 in Cultured Human Macrophages.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Soldano, Stefano; Pizzorni, Carmen; Paolino, Sabrina; Trombetta, Amelia Chiara; Montagna, Paola; Brizzolara, Renata; Ruaro, Barbara; Sulli, Alberto; Cutolo, Maurizio

    2016-01-01

    Alternatively activated (M2) macrophages are phenotypically characterized by the expression of specific markers, mainly macrophage scavenger receptors (CD204 and CD163) and mannose receptor-1 (CD206), and participate in the fibrotic process by over-producing pro-fibrotic molecules, such as transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1) and metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is implicated in the fibrotic process, exerting its pro-fibrotic effects through the interaction with its receptors (ETA and ETB). The study investigated the possible role of ET-1 in inducing the transition from cultured human macrophages into M2 cells. Cultured human monocytes (THP-1 cell line) were activated into macrophages (M0 macrophages) with phorbol myristate acetate and subsequently maintained in growth medium (M0-controls) or treated with either ET-1 (100nM) or interleukin-4 (IL-4, 10ng/mL, M2 inducer) for 72 hours. Similarly, primary cultures of human peripheral blood monocyte (PBM)-derived macrophages obtained from healthy subjects, were maintained in growth medium (untreated cells) or treated with ET-1 or IL-4 for 6 days. Both M0 and PBM-derived macrophages were pre-treated with ET receptor antagonist (ETA/BRA, bosentan 10-5M) for 1 hour before ET-1 stimulation. Protein and gene expression of CD204, CD206, CD163, TGFbeta1 were analysed by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Gene expression of interleukin(IL)-10 and macrophage derived chemokine (CCL-22) was evaluated by qRT-PCR. MMP-9 production was investigated by gel zymography. ET-1 significantly increased the expression of M2 phenotype markers CD204, CD206, CD163, IL-10 and CCL-22, and the production of MMP-9 in both cultures of M0 and PBM-derived macrophages compared to M0-controls and untreated cells. In cultured PBM-derived macrophages, ET-1 increased TGFbeta1 protein and gene expression compared to untreated cells. The ET-1-mediated effects were

  7. Exploring the Nature of Silicon-Noble Gas Bonds in H3SiNgNSi and HSiNgNSi Compounds (Ng = Xe, Rn

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sudip Pan

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Ab initio and density functional theory-based computations are performed to investigate the structure and stability of H3SiNgNSi and HSiNgNSi compounds (Ng = Xe, Rn. They are thermochemically unstable with respect to the dissociation channel producing Ng and H3SiNSi or HSiNSi. However, they are kinetically stable with respect to this dissociation channel having activation free energy barriers of 19.3 and 23.3 kcal/mol for H3SiXeNSi and H3SiRnNSi, respectively, and 9.2 and 12.8 kcal/mol for HSiXeNSi and HSiRnNSi, respectively. The rest of the possible dissociation channels are endergonic in nature at room temperature for Rn analogues. However, one three-body dissociation channel for H3SiXeNSi and one two-body and one three-body dissociation channels for HSiXeNSi are slightly exergonic in nature at room temperature. They become endergonic at slightly lower temperature. The nature of bonding between Ng and Si/N is analyzed by natural bond order, electron density and energy decomposition analyses. Natural population analysis indicates that they could be best represented as (H3SiNg+(NSi− and (HSiNg+(NSi−. Energy decomposition analysis further reveals that the contribution from the orbital term (ΔEorb is dominant (ca. 67%–75% towards the total attraction energy associated with the Si-Ng bond, whereas the electrostatic term (ΔEelstat contributes the maximum (ca. 66%–68% for the same in the Ng–N bond, implying the covalent nature of the former bond and the ionic nature of the latter.

  8. Localisation of NG2 immunoreactive neuroglia cells in the rat locus coeruleus and their plasticity in response to stress

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohsen eSeifi

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available The locus coeruleus (LC nucleus modulates adaptive behavioural responses to stress and dysregulation of LC neuronal activity is implicated in stress-induced mental illnesses. The LC is composed primarily of noradrenergic neurons together with various glial populations. A neuroglia cell-type largely unexplored within the LC is the NG2 cell. NG2 cells serve primarily as oligodendrocyte precursor cells throughout the brain. However, some NG2 cells are in synaptic contact with neurons suggesting a role in information processing. The aim of this study was to neurochemically and anatomically characterise NG2 cells within the rat LC. Furthermore, since NG2 cells have been shown to proliferate in response to traumatic brain injury, we investigated whether such NG2 cells plasticity also occurs in response to emotive insults such as stress. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy revealed that NG2 cells were enriched within the pontine region occupied by the LC. Close inspection revealed that a sub-population of NG2 cells were located within unique indentations of LC noradrenergic somata and were immunoreactive for the neuronal marker NeuN whilst NG2 cell processes formed close appositions with clusters immunoreactive for the inhibitory synaptic marker proteins gephyrin and the GABA-A receptor alpha3-subunit, on noradrenergic dendrites. In addition, LC NG2 cell processes were decorated with vesicular glutamate transporter 2 immunoreactive puncta. Finally, ten days of repeated restraint stress significantly increased the density of NG2 cells within the LC. The study demonstrates that NG2 IR cells are integral components of the LC cellular network and they exhibit plasticity as a result of emotive challenges.

  9. Study of Pt–Rh/CeO2–ZrO2–MxOy (M = Y, La)/Al2O3 three-way catalysts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jiaxiu, Guo; Zhonghua, Shi; Dongdong, Wu; Huaqiang, Yin; Maochu, Gong; Yaoqiang, Chen

    2013-01-01

    CeO 2 –ZrO 2M x O y (M = Y; La) mixed oxides, prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra (RM) and oxygen pulse reaction, were comparatively investigated to elucidate the combinational effects of Y and/or La oxide promoters on the catalytic activity and anti-aging performance of monolithic cordierite honeycomb catalysts with low Pt and Rh content. The catalytic activities, water-gas shift (WGS) and steam reforming reaction (SR) were studied under a simulated gas mixture. The catalysts were also characterized by H 2 -temperature-programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR) and O 2 -temperature-programmed desorption (O 2 -TPD). The results showed that the prepared CeO 2 –ZrO 2M x O y oxides have a face-centered cubic fluorite structure and are nanosize. La 3+ ions can significantly improve thermal stability and efficiently retard CeO 2 –ZrO 2 crystal sintering and growth. Doped CeO 2 –ZrO 2 with Y 3+ and La 3+ has 105 and 60 m 2 /g surface area and 460 and 390 μmol/g OSC before and after aging. The T 50 of fresh Pt–Rh/CZYL/LA is 170 °C for CO, 222 °C for C 3 H 8 and 189 °C for NO, and shift to 205, 262 and 228 °C after hydrothermal aging, which are better than those of Pt–Rh/CZY/LA or Pt–Rh/CZL/LA. WGS and SR are relate to the OSC of oxygen storage materials and absorbed oxygen species on the catalyst surface and affect the three-way catalytic activities of catalysts. The reductive property of noble metals and the dissociatively adsorbed O 2 on the surface of catalysts are closely related to the catalytic activities.

  10. Marcadores de inflamación y disfunción endotelial en niños con diabetes tipo 1 Inflammation markers and endothelial disfunction in children with type 1 diabetes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María S. Velarde

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Se ha hallado un estado inflamatorio subclínico ha sido informado en la fase temprana de la diabetes, el cual incrementa los niveles séricos de citoquinas que inducen la síntesis de proteínas de fase aguda como la proteína C reactiva (PCR y el fibrinógeno (Fg, y estimula la expresión endotelial de moléculas de adhesión. Se estudiaron 30 pacientes (15 varones y 15 mujeres con diabetes tipo 1 (DT1, de 11.8 ± 2.1 años de edad y 3.9 ± 3.2 años de evolución de la enfermedad, sin complicaciones vasculares. Se realizó recuento de leucocitos, velocidad de sedimentación globular (VSG, glucemia en ayunas, hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c, Fg, PCR ultrasensible (uPCR, determinación E-selectina soluble (sE-S, molécula de adhesión vascular celular 1 (VCAM-1 y microalbuminuria. Se encontraron niveles aumentados de uPCR, sE-S y VCAM-1 en los pacientes diabéticos comparados con el grupo control [0.60 (0.30-1.25 vs. 0.20 (0.20-0.65 mg/l, p = 0.013], [108 (60-150 vs. 68 (56-82 ng/ml, p = 0.0031] y [750 (708-826 vs. 721 (674-751 ng/ml, p = 0.039] respectivamente. Al agrupar a los diabéticos de acuerdo a la duración de la enfermedad (= 3 y > de 3 años, los valores de uPCR fueron mayores en el segundo grupo. La uPCR se correlacionó con sE-S (r = 0.44, p = 0.03 y con VCAM-1 (r = 0.49, p = 0.02. Estos resultados sugieren la presencia de un estado proinflamatorio y de activación endotelial estrechamente asociados en la DT1.A subclinical inflammation state was detected in the early step of diabetes, which increases the serum levels of cytokines that induce acute-phase protein synthesis as C-reactive protein (PCR and fibrinogen (Fg, stimulating the endothelial disfunction of adhesion molecules. Thirty patients (15 boys, 15 girls with type 1 diabetes (DT1, without vascular complications, were studied. Their mean age and duration of diabetes were 11.8 ± 2.1 and 3.9 ± 3.2 years, respectively. The laboratory parameters evaluated were: blood

  11. Enhanced M1/M2 macrophage ratio promotes orthodontic root resorption.

    Science.gov (United States)

    He, D; Kou, X; Luo, Q; Yang, R; Liu, D; Wang, X; Song, Y; Cao, H; Zeng, M; Gan, Y; Zhou, Y

    2015-01-01

    Mechanical force-induced orthodontic root resorption is a major clinical challenge in orthodontic treatment. Macrophages play an important role in orthodontic root resorption, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we examined the mechanism by which the ratio of M1 to M2 macrophage polarization affects root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. Root resorption occurred when nickel-titanium coil springs were applied on the upper first molars of rats for 3 to 14 d. Positively stained odontoclasts or osteoclasts with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were found in resorption areas. Meanwhile, M1-like macrophages positive for CD68 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) persistently accumulated on the compression side of periodontal tissues. In addition, the expressions of the M1 activator interferon-γ and the M1-associated pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were upregulated on the compression side of periodontal tissues. When the coil springs were removed at the 14th day after orthodontic force application, root resorption was partially rescued. The number of CD68(+)CD163(+) M2-like macrophages gradually increased on the compression side of periodontal tissues. The levels of M2 activator interleukin (IL)-4 and the M2-associated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 also increased. Systemic injection of the TNF-α inhibitor etanercept or IL-4 attenuated the severity of root resorption and decreased the ratio of M1 to M2 macrophages. These data imply that the balance between M1 and M2 macrophages affects orthodontic root resorption. Root resorption was aggravated by an enhanced M1/M2 ratio but was partially rescued by a reduced M1/M2 ratio. © International & American Associations for Dental Research 2014.

  12. Common y-intercept and single compound regressions of gas-particle partitioning data vs 1/T

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pankow, James F.

    Confidence intervals are placed around the log Kp vs 1/ T correlation equations obtained using simple linear regressions (SLR) with the gas-particle partitioning data set of Yamasaki et al. [(1982) Env. Sci. Technol.16, 189-194]. The compounds and groups of compounds studied include the polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons phenanthrene + anthracene, me-phenanthrene + me-anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[ a]fluorene + benzo[ b]fluorene, chrysene + benz[ a]anthracene + triphenylene, benzo[ b]fluoranthene + benzo[ k]fluoranthene, and benzo[ a]pyrene + benzo[ e]pyrene (note: me = methyl). For any given compound, at equilibrium, the partition coefficient Kp equals ( F/ TSP)/ A where F is the particulate-matter associated concentration (ng m -3), A is the gas-phase concentration (ng m -3), and TSP is the concentration of particulate matter (μg m -3). At temperatures more than 10°C from the mean sampling temperature of 17°C, the confidence intervals are quite wide. Since theory predicts that similar compounds sorbing on the same particulate matter should possess very similar y-intercepts, the data set was also fitted using a special common y-intercept regression (CYIR). For most of the compounds, the CYIR equations fell inside of the SLR 95% confidence intervals. The CYIR y-intercept value is -18.48, and is reasonably close to the type of value that can be predicted for PAH compounds. The set of CYIR regression equations is probably more reliable than the set of SLR equations. For example, the CYIR-derived desorption enthalpies are much more highly correlated with vaporization enthalpies than are the SLR-derived desorption enthalpies. It is recommended that the CYIR approach be considered whenever analysing temperature-dependent gas-particle partitioning data.

  13. Weak mixing angle and the SU(3)CxSU(3) model on M4xS1/(Z2xZ'2)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Tianjun; Wei Liao

    2002-05-01

    We show that the desirable weak mixing angle sin 2 θ W =0.2312 at m Z scale can be generated naturally in the SU(3) C xSU(3) model on M 4 xS 1 /(Z 2 x Z 2 ') where the gauge symmetry SU(3) is broken down to SU(2) L xU(1) Y by orbifold projection. For a supersymmetric model with a TeV scale extra dimension, the SU(3) unification scale is about hundreds of TeVs at which the gauge couplings for SU(3) C and SU(3) can also be equal in the mean time. For the non-supersymmetric model, SU(2) L xU(1) Y are unified at order of 10 TeV. These models may serve as good candidates for physics beyond the SM or MSSM. (author)

  14. Comparison of (/sup 125/I)beta-endorphin binding to rat brain and NG108-15 cells using a monoclonal antibody directed against the opioid receptor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bidlack, J.M.; O' Malley, W.E.; Schulz, R.

    1988-02-01

    The properties of (/sup 125/I)beta h-endorphin-binding sites from rat brain membranes and membranes from the NG108-15 cell line were compared using a monoclonal antibody directed against the opioid receptor and opioid peptides as probes. The binding of (/sup 125/I)beta h-endorphin to both rat brain and NG108-15 membranes yielded linear Scatchard plots with Kd values of 1.2 nM and 1.5 nM, respectively, and Bmax values of 865 fmol/mg rat brain membrane protein and 1077 fmol/mg NG108-15 membrane protein. A monoclonal antibody, OR-689.2.4, capable of inhibiting mu and delta binding but not kappa binding to rat brain membranes, noncompetitively inhibited the binding of 1 nM (/sup 125/I)beta h-endorphin to rat brain and NG108-15 membranes with an IC50 value of 405 nM for rat brain membranes and 543 nM for NG108-15 membranes. The monoclonal antibody also inhibited the binding of 3 nM (/sup 3/H) (D-penicillamine2, D-penicillamine5) enkephalin to NG108-15 membranes with an IC50 value of 370 nM. In addition to blocking the binding of (/sup 125/I)beta h-endorphin to brain membranes, the antibody also displaced (/sup 125/I)beta h-endorphin from membranes. Site-specific opioid peptides had large variations in their IC50 values depending on whether they were inhibiting (/sup 125/I)beta h-endorphin binding to rat brain or the NG108-15 membranes. When the peptides were tested with the monoclonal antibody for their combined ability to inhibit (/sup 125/I)beta h-endorphin binding to both membrane preparations, the peptides and antibody blocked binding as though they were acting at allosterically coupled sites, not two totally independent sites. These studies suggest that mu-, delta-, and beta-endorphin-binding sites share some sequence homology with the 35,000-dalton protein that the antibody is directed against.

  15. Effects of artificial holes in very large single-grain Y{sub 1.5}Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-y} bulk superconductors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Park, S. D.; Jun, B. H.; Kim, C. J. [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Park, H. W. [Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan (Korea, Republic of)

    2017-09-15

    The effects of artificial holes on the trapped magnetic fields and magnetic levitation forces of very large single-grain Y{sub 1.5}Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-y} (Y1.5) bulk superconductors were studied. Artificial holes were made for Y1.5 powder compacts by die pressing using cylindrical dies with a diameter of 30 mm or 40 m, or rectangular dies with a side length of 50 mm. The single grain Y1.5 bulk superconductors (25 mm, 33 mm in diameter and 42 mm in side length) with artificial holes were fabricated using a top-seeded melt growth (TSMG) process for the die-pressed Y1.5 powder compacts. The magnetic levitation forces at 77 K of the 25 mm single grain Y1.5 samples with one (diameters of 4.2 mm) or six artificial holes (diameters of 2.5 mm) were 10-17% higher than that of the Y1.5 sample without artificial holes. The trapped magnetic fields at 77 K of the Y1.5 samples with artificial holes were also 9.6-18% higher than that of the Y1.5 sample without artificial holes. The 33 mm and 42 mm single grain Y1.5 samples with artificial holes (2.5 mm and 4.2 mm in diameter) also showed trapped magnetic fields 10-13% higher than that of the Y1.5 samples without artificial holes in spite of the reduced superconducting volume fraction due to the presence of artificial holes. The property enhancement in the large single grain Y1.5 bulk superconductors appears to be attributed to the formation of the pore-free regions near the artificial holes and the homogeneous oxygen distribution in the large Y123 grains.

  16. Main: 1M2Q [RPSD[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 1M2Q トウモロコシ Corn Zea mays L. Casein Kinase Ii, Alpha Chain Name=Ack2; Zea Mays Mole...cule: Casein Kinase Ii, Alpha Chain; Chain: A; Fragment: Catlytic Subunit; Synonym: Ckii; Engineered: Yes Tr...ansferase 2.7.1.37 (Casein Kinase Ii, Alpha Chain) E.De Moliner, S.Sarno, S.Moro, G.Zagotto, G.Zanotti, L.A....=2-326.|PDB; 1M2Q; X-ray; A=2-328.|PDB; 1M2R; X-ray; A=2-328.|PDB; 1OM1; X-ray; A=1-332.|Mai

  17. SISTEMA DE CROMOSSOMOS SEXUAIS MÚLTIPLOS X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y NA MOSCA-DAS-FRUTAS Anastrepha sororcula (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inês Regina de Araújo Moura Cunha

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Sistemas de cromossomos sexuais simples estão difundidos entre os Tephritidae do gênero Anastrepha. Espécies deste gênero apresentam enorme importância pelo impacto que causam em frutíferas cultivadas, sobretudo no nordeste do Brasil. Análises citogenéticas desenvolvidas em Anastrepha sororcula, através da análise da estrutura cariotípica e bandamento C revelaram a presença de um sistema de cromossomos sexuais múltiplos do tipo X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y nesta espécie. Enquanto as fêmeas apresentam um cariótipo homomórfico com 2n=12, os machos possuem 2n=11, onde se destaca um grande cromossomo Y despareado. O nível de divergência cariotípica da espécie A. sororcula do nordeste, com a presença de um sistema de cromossomos sexuais múltiplos, em relação às regiões central e sudeste do Brasil, podem indicar a ocorrência de impedimentos reprodutivos entre os exemplares das duas áreas e que possivelmente, como outros exemplos que existem neste gênero, A. sororcula constitua um complexo de espécies ainda não inteiramente definido. Palavras-chave: Alossomos, peste agrícola, citogenética de insetos, heterocromatina. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v4n2p1-4

  18. Transport properties of the LiNi{sub 1-y}Co{sub y}O{sub 2} system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Molenda, J.; Wilk, P.; Marzec, J. [Department of Solid State Chemistry, Stanislaw Staszic University of Mining and Metallurgy, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow (Poland)

    1999-04-15

    In this paper results are presented concerning structure, electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power measurements of the LiNi{sub 1-y}Co{sub y}O{sub 2} system. It has been stated that holes are dominating carriers. It has been also found that cobalt worsens the transport properties of the LiNi{sub 1-y}Co{sub y}O{sub 2} system

  19. Distinct CCR2(+) Gr1(+) cells control growth of the Yersinia pestis ΔyopM mutant in liver and spleen during systemic plague.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ye, Zhan; Uittenbogaard, Annette M; Cohen, Donald A; Kaplan, Alan M; Ambati, Jayakrishna; Straley, Susan C

    2011-02-01

    We are using a systemic plague model to identify the cells and pathways that are undermined by the virulence protein YopM of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis. In this study, we pursued previous findings that Gr1(+) cells are required to selectively limit growth of ΔyopM Y. pestis and that CD11b(+) cells other than polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are selectively lost in spleens infected with parent Y. pestis. When PMNs were ablated from mice, ΔyopM Y. pestis grew as well as the parent strain in liver but not in spleen, showing that these cells are critical for controlling growth of the mutant in liver but not spleen. In mice lacking expression of the chemokine receptor CCR2, wild-type growth was restored to ΔyopM Y. pestis in both organs. In spleen, the Gr1(+) cells differentially recruited by parent and ΔyopM Y. pestis infections were CCR2(+) Gr1(+) CD11b(+) CD11c(Lo-Int) MAC3(+) iNOS(+) (inducible nitric oxide synthase-positive) inflammatory dendritic cells (iDCs), and their recruitment to spleen from blood was blocked when YopM was present in the infecting strain. Consistent with influx of iDCs being affected by YopM in spleen, the growth defect of the ΔyopM mutant was relieved by the parent Y. pestis strain in a coinfection assay in which the parent strain could affect the fate of the mutant in trans. In a mouse model of bubonic plague, CCR2 also was shown to be required for ΔyopM Y. pestis to show wild-type growth in skin. The data imply that YopM's pathogenic effect indirectly undermines signaling through CCR2. We propose a model for how YopM exerts its different effects in liver and spleen.

  20. Rac2 controls tumor growth, metastasis and M1-M2 macrophage differentiation in vivo.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shweta Joshi

    Full Text Available Although it is well-established that the macrophage M1 to M2 transition plays a role in tumor progression, the molecular basis for this process remains incompletely understood. Herein, we demonstrate that the small GTPase, Rac2 controls macrophage M1 to M2 differentiation and the metastatic phenotype in vivo. Using a genetic approach, combined with syngeneic and orthotopic tumor models we demonstrate that Rac2-/- mice display a marked defect in tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Microarray, RT-PCR and metabolomic analysis on bone marrow derived macrophages isolated from the Rac2-/- mice identify an important role for Rac2 in M2 macrophage differentiation. Furthermore, we define a novel molecular mechanism by which signals transmitted from the extracellular matrix via the α4β1 integrin and MCSF receptor lead to the activation of Rac2 and potentially regulate macrophage M2 differentiation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a macrophage autonomous process by which the Rac2 GTPase is activated downstream of the α4β1 integrin and the MCSF receptor to control tumor growth, metastasis and macrophage differentiation into the M2 phenotype. Finally, using gene expression and metabolomic data from our Rac2-/- model, and information related to M1-M2 macrophage differentiation curated from the literature we executed a systems biologic analysis of hierarchical protein-protein interaction networks in an effort to develop an iterative interactome map which will predict additional mechanisms by which Rac2 may coordinately control macrophage M1 to M2 differentiation and metastasis.

  1. Influencia de las condiciones de procesamiento sobre las propiedades dieléctricas y microestructurales de cerámicos de K1/2Na1/2NbO3

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Castro, M. S.

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this work was to analyze different processing condition of Na1/2K1/2NbO3 (KNN in order to obtain a material with good properties and without secondary phases. Solid state reaction method was used and the influence of milling time, calcination temperature and time, and sintering temperature was analyzed. It was found that sintering temperatures were limited by the component decomposition. Also, it was observed that samples sintered at 1125 ºC showed the highest density and permittivity with a homogeneous structure. In general, samples calcined at higher temperatures and times showed the best properties.El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar diferentes condiciones de procesamiento del K1/2Na1/2NbO3 (KNN que permitan obtener un material con buenas propiedades y libre de fases secundarias. Se implementó el método de activación mecanoquímica de los precursores y posterior reacción en estado sólido. Se analizaron las principales condiciones de procesamiento (tiempo de molienda, temperaturas de calcinación y sinterizado, y se determinaron las propiedades dieléctricas y microestructurales de cada sistema. Se encontró que las temperaturas máximas de calcinación estuvieron limitadas por la descomposición de los constituyentes. También se observó que las pastillas sinterizadas a 1125ºC registraron mayor densidad, mayor permitividad y una microestructura homogénea. En general, se observó que los sistemas calcinados a mayores temperaturas y por tiempos mayores tuvieron mejores propiedades.

  2. Structural and intrinsic Josephson properties of Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 1y}Y{sub y}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ} single crystal

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yamaki, K., E-mail: kyamaki@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp; Murata, K.; Irie, A.

    2016-10-15

    Highlights: • Single crystals of yttrium-doped BSCCO (BSCYCO) were grown by a self-flux method. • T{sub c} and c-axis lattice constant of BSCYCO were controlled by the substitution of Y. • A multibranch structure was observed up to y = 0.10 (Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 1y}Y{sub y}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ}). • The BSCYCO mesa has higher maximum voltage compared with nondoped BSCCO. - Abstract: In this study, Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 1y}Y{sub y}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ} (BSCYCO) single crystals with yttrium doping content of y = 0–0.30 were synthesized by a self-flux method. The critical temperature and c-axis lattice constant of BSCYCO were controlled by the substitution of yttrium at the calcium site. A 290 × 90 × 0.4 µm{sup 3} mesa structure was fabricated using photolithography and argon-ion milling. A multibranch structure in current–voltage characteristics was successfully observed for mesas of BSCYCO (y = 0–0.10). The critical current of intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) in BSCYCO mesas was systematically investigated.

  3. Monitoring of aflatoxin M1 in raw cow milk in Croatia during winter 2015

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nina Bilandžić

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available A total of 548 raw milk samples were collected in the western, central and eastern regions of Croatia during February and March 2015. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1 concentrations were quantified by the enzyme immunoassay method. The method limits of detection (LOD and quantification (LOQ were 22.2 and 34.2 ng/kg, respectively. The mean AFM1 levels measured in the three regions were (ng/kg as follows: western 3.69, central 3.11 and eastern 4.14. In total, the 548 samples analysed concentrations were below the LOD value and accordingly below the European Union maximum residue level (EU MRL of 50 ng/kg. The results suggest an absence of use of contaminated with aflatoxin B1 supplementary feedstuff for lactating cows in winter 2015. Such results might be related to the improved storage conditions for feed as well as to the enhanced and more stringent feed control system for mycotoxins in Croatia.

  4. Asociación entre receptores de leptina en testículo, niveles de leptina y testosterona en terneros púberes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Z.Tatiana Ruiz-Cortés

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Describir la presencia de receptores de leptina (OBR en el testículo en la llegada de la pubertad en terneros y estudiar la posible asociación entre la expresión de éstos y los niveles de leptina (L y de testosterona. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 6 terneros Holstein x Cebú a los cuales se les midió quincenalmente y durante 7 meses concentraciones de testosterona y de L por RIA. Fueron castrados unilateralmente según períodos peripuberales para estudiar por RT-PCR la expresión de isoformas del receptor de L. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa Statistica®. Resultados. La testosterona presentó niveles desde menores a 1ng/mL a los 6 y 6.5 meses de edad, hasta concentraciones de 5.3 ng/ml a los 12.5 meses antes de la llegada a pubertad, momento en el cual los animales tuvieron niveles de 4.01±1.8 ng/ml. Las concentraciones de L variaron entre 0.61 y 0.98 ng/ml, con una concentración en pubertad de 0.91±0.05 ng/ml. Dos isoformas, OBRi y OBRb, fueron encontradas y se correlacionaron significativamente entre ellas en la pubertad. Se hallaron correlaciones negativas entre OBRi-OBRb y niveles de testosterona y de L (p=0.08. Los niveles de testosterona y de L mostraron una correlación directa significativa. Conclusiones. Se sugiere un posible efecto directo de la leptina en gónadas de terneros hasta la llegada a pubertad. La correlación entre las isoformas de OBR y su asociación con las concentraciones de leptina y testosterona también sugiere la acción complementaria o conjunta de ambos receptores OBR en testículos de terneros peripuberales.

  5. ESTUDIO SINTÉTICO Y CARACTERIZACIÓN POR INFRARROJO DE DERIVADOS 2-(AMINO-1,4-NAFTOQUINONA Y SU EVALUACIÓN ANTIBACTERIANA PRELIMINAR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marlene Lariza Andrade-Guel

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Las naftoquinonas son compuestos de origen natural o sintético que han mostrado importantes actividades biológicas, resaltando como agentes antibacterianos, antifúngicos, antimaláricos y anticancerígenos. En el presente trabajo se reportan los resultados de la síntesis utilizando diferentes métodos como la síntesis a temperatura ambiente (STA, síntesis por calentamiento convencional (SCC y síntesis asistida por ultrasonido (SAU de los derivados 2-(amino-1,4-naftoquinona. Se realizó su caracterización por espectroscopía de infrarrojo. Además se determinó su capacidad como agentes antibacterianos frente a las cepas Proteus sp. y Enterococcus faecalis. La mayor actividad lo mostró el derivado 2-bencilamino 1,4-naftoquinona.

  6. 1x2M steel performance in the BOR-60 steam generator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Golovanov, V.N.; Shamardin, V.K.; Kondratiev, V.I.; Kryukov, F.N.; Chernobrovkin, Yu.V.; Bulanova, T.M.; Bai, V.F.

    The results from studies of 1x2M steel characteristics are presented. This steel was used as the material for the BOR-60 steam generator that had been in operation under the steam generating mode for 18,000 hs (35,000 hs in sodium). It was revealed that the pit corrosion depth on the water/steam side evaporative tube surfaces was about 0.25 μm and less and the total corrosion rate was less than 0.06 mm/y. The mechanical properties of the material were essentially similar both in the evaporator and superheater and met all the requirements imposed on. Based on the analysis of data on the decarbonizaton depth in sodium and on the corrosion damage in water and steam it was concluded that 1x2M steel can be successfully used as the steam generator material at the operating temperatures up to 470 deg. C and had sufficiently longer service-life as compared to 18,000 hs. (author)

  7. Theoretical descriptions of novel triplet germylenes M1-Ge-M2-M3 (M1 = H, Li, Na, K; M2 = Be, Mg, Ca; M3 = H, F, Cl, Br).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kassaee, Mohamad Zaman; Ashenagar, Samaneh

    2018-02-06

    In a quest to identify new ground-state triplet germylenes, the stabilities (singlet-triplet energy differences, ΔE S-T ) of 96 singlet (s) and triplet (t) M 1 -Ge-M 2 -M 3 species were compared and contrasted at the B3LYP/6-311++G**, QCISD(T)/6-311++G**, and CCSD(T)/6-311++G** levels of theory (M 1  = H, Li, Na, K; M 2  = Be, Mg, Ca; M 3  = H, F, Cl, Br). Interestingly, F-substituent triplet germylenes (M 3  = F) appear to be more stable and linear than the corresponding Cl- or Br-substituent triplet germylenes (M 3  = Cl or Br). Triplets with M 1  = K (i.e., the K-Ge-M 2 -M 3 series) seem to be more stable than the corresponding triplets with M 1  = H, Li, or Na. This can be attributed to the higher electropositivity of potassium. Triplet species with M 3  = Cl behave similarly to those with M 3  = Br. Conversely, triplets with M 3  = H show similar stabilities and linearities to those with M 3  = F. Singlet species of formulae K-Ge-Ca-Cl and K-Ge-Ca-Br form unexpected cyclic structures. Finally, the triplet germylenes M 1 -Ge-M 2 -M 3 become more stable as the electropositivities of the α-substituents (M 1 and M 2 ) and the electronegativity of the β-substituent (M 3 ) increase.

  8. Growth and structural characterization of single crystals of the magnetic superconductor Ru1-xSr2-yGd1+yCu2+xO8-δ (RuGd-1212) obtained by the partial melting technique

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yamaki, K.; Bamba, Y.; Mochiku, T.; Funahashi, S.; Matsushita, Y.; Irie, A.

    2018-05-01

    In this study, cubic single crystals of the magnetic superconductor Ru1-xSr2-yGd1+yCu2+xO8-δ (RuGd-1212) with typical dimensions of 100-150 μm in length were grown by the partial melting technique. Multiple 00l reflections were first observed by XRD measurements of the bulk RuGd-1212 single crystals. The resistivity of the obtained crystals was roughly estimated to be ∼24-80 mΩ cm and no superconducting transition was observed down to 4.2 K. From the XRD measurements and refinement of the crystal structure, it was apparent that the Ru and Sr sites of the single-crystal RuGd-1212 were partially substituted by Cu and Gd, respectively. Oxygen defects were found to be minor (δ ≈ 0.1). The lattice parameters a and c of the single crystals were found to be larger and smaller, respectively, than those of a polycrystalline sample.

  9. Oxygen potential of Th1-yUyO2+x

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schram, R.P.C.; Cordfunke, E.H.P.

    1996-03-01

    Oxygen potentials of UO 2 -ThO 2 solid solutions (Th 1-y U y O 2+x ) were retrieved from literature and stored in a database. For each datapoint the oxygen pressure p O 2 the nonstoichiometry x, the temperature T and the uranium concentration y was specified. The data were analyzed using a defect model, which includes electronic disorder, point defects and cluster formation. In addition, the thermochemical representation of Lindemer and Besmann for UO 2+x was extended for the analysis of the Th 1-y U y O 2+x data. The solid solution is regarded as an ideal ternary mixture of UO 2 , ThO 2 and a hypothetical compound U a O b . The thermodynamic properties of this compound U a O b were determined in two oxygen pressure ranges of the database. In both the defect model and thermochemical approach ThO 2 is treated as an inert compound that does not participate in any of the chemical equilibria describing the oxygen potential. (orig.)

  10. Comparación de los métodos de cuantificación de carga viral de VIH: COBAS® AmpliPrep/COBAS® TaqMan HIV-1 test, v 2.0, y VERSANT HIV-1 RNA 1.0 Assay (kPCR Comparison of COBAS® AmpliPrep/COBAS® TaqMan HIV-1 test, v 2.0 and VERSANT HIV-1 RNA 1.0 (kPCR assays for HIV-1 plasma viral load

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Isabel Múnera-Jaramillo

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. El propósito del estudio fue evaluar el desempeño del método VERSANTHIV-1RNA 1.0 Assay® (kPCR (Siemens, para la cuantificación de la carga viral en pacientes con VIH-1, en comparación con el método COBAS® AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 test®, v2.0 (Roche Diagnostics (CAP/CTM. Métodos. Las muestras fueron tomadas en dos tubos con EDTA, de 60 pacientes remitidos por el médico tratante para pruebas de carga viral como parte de su control de rutina de VIH/sida, y fueron procesadas para la cuantificación del ARN del VIH-1 por ambas técnicas. Se hizo análisis de regresión y se calcularon los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson, y los de correlación y concordancia de Lin. Se evalúo la concordancia entre las dos técnicas mediante el método de Bland-Altman. Resultados. El promedio de la carga viral por el método CAP/CTM fue 3,2±1,4 long10 copias/ml y, por el método kPCR, 3,0±1,3 long10 copias/ml. El 86,7 % de muestras presentó diferencias entre los dos métodos, menores de 0,5 long10 copias/ml, y el 13,3 % presentó diferencias mayores. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson entre los dos métodos fue de 0,97 (IC95% 0,95-0,99 y el índice kappa ponderado entre los dos métodos en diferentes rangos de concentración, fue de 0,91 (IC95% 0,87-0,96. El promedio de las diferencias entre las mediciones fue 0,22 long10 copias/ml (IC95% -0,45 a 0,89. Conclusión. Las dos técnicas evaluadas fueron comparables, con el método kPCR se observaron resultados más bajos.Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the kPCR VERSANT (™ 440 HIV-1RNA 3.0 Assay® (Siemens method for the quantification of viral load in HIV-1 patients, compared to the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBASTaqMan HIV-1 test®, v. 2.0 (Roche Diagnostics (CAP/CTM. Methods: Samples were taken in 2 tubes with EDTA, in 60 patients referred by the attending physician for viral load tests as part of their routine control of HIV/AIDS, and were

  11. Homicidios en Medellín, Colombia, entre 1990 y 2002: actores, móviles y circunstancias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cardona Marleny

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available En Medellín, Colombia, el homicidio es la primera causa de morbimortalidad desde hace 20 años y sus tasas de mortalidad superan las de grandes capitales de América Latina. Se describen los actores, las circunstancias y los móviles de los homicidios en Medellín entre 1990 y 2002. De los 55.365 homicidios del período se estudiaron aleatoriamente 1.394, el 93,6% (IC95%: 92,2%-94,8% eran hombres, el 77,0% (IC95%: 75,0%-79,5% menores de 35 años, una cuarta parte estaban ebrios y en 9 de cada 10 fueron muertos con armas de fuego. Los principales móviles del homicidio fueron los ajustes de cuentas y los atracos. El 37,0% (IC95%: 34,0%-41,0% de los muertos provenían de los estratos más bajos de la ciudad y el riesgo de homicidio fue mayor a medida que el estrato socioeconómico era menor. Las características de los asesinatos en Medellín han permanecido invariables desde la década de los ochenta, cuando se inició el período de violencia más alto en la historia de la ciudad. Los grupos más afectados son los hombres jóvenes que viven y mueren en los barrios de estratos socioeconómicos más bajos, en hechos individuales que no dejan heridos.

  12. Correlation of Serum Androgens and Pituitary Hormone Levels with Serum PSA Less Than 2.5 NG/ML

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mustafa Sofikerim

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this clinical study was to determine whether there is a relationship between total serum testosterone, free testosterone, FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, LH (Luteinizing Hormone and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA levels. We postulated that such a correlation existed then the use of hormone specific reference ranges might enhance the usefullness of PSA concentrations <2.5 ng/mL as a marker for prostate cancer.

  13. Entre champeta y sonidos africanos: fronteras difusas y discusiones sobre “músicas negras” en el Caribe Colombiano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Enrique Giraldo Barbosa

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Este texto apunta a una reflexión en relación con la s música s champeta y africana, entendida s las dos como “músicas negras”, alrededor de sus representaciones de africanidad y culturalmente racializadas hacia lo “negro”. Músicas u rbanas que enfrentan dispositivos discriminatorios, prohibitorios, de negación o invisivilización social, a sí como para dojas en sus lógicas de representación en que son asumidas por las tendencias de estudio que las abordan. Se pueden organizar tres tendencias de estudio: 1 corriente afrocentrista y cartagenista, 2 perspectiva alternativa en lo cult ural y territorial, 3 economía c ultural y de circulación mus ical .

  14. Photonic integrated transmitter and receiver for NG-PON2

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tavares, Ana; Lopes, Ana; Rodrigues, Cláudio; Mãocheia, Paulo; Mendes, Tiago; Brandão, Simão.; Rodrigues, Francisco; Ferreira, Ricardo; Teixeira, António

    2014-08-01

    In this paper the authors present a monolithic Photonic Integrated Circuit which includes a transmitter and a receiver for NG-PON2. With this layout it is possible to build an OLT and, by redesigning some filters, also an ONU. This technology allows reducing the losses in the transmitter and in the receiver, increasing power budget, and also reducing the OEO conversions, which has been a major problem that operators want to surpass.

  15. Aflatoxin M1 levels in raw milk, pasteurised milk and infant formula

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sharaf S. Omar

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available The incidence of contamination of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1 in milk samples collected from the Jordanian market was investigated by using the competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA technique. A total of 175 samples were collected during 2014-2015. All tested samples were contaminated with various levels of AFM1 ranging from 9.71 to 288.68 ng/kg. The concentration of AFM1 in 66% of fresh milk samples was higher than the maximum tolerance limit accepted by the European Union (50 ng/kg and 23% higher than the maximum tolerance limit accepted by the US (500 ng/kg. Percentages of contaminated raw cow, sheep, goat and camel milk exceeding the European tolerance limit were 60, 85, 75 and 0%, respectively. Of AFM1 contaminated pasteurised cow milk samples, 12% exceeded the European tolerance limit with a range of contamination between 14.60 and 216.78 ng/kg. For infant formula samples, the average concentration of AFM1 was 120.26 ng/kg (range from 16.55 to 288.68 ng/kg, the concentration of AFM1 in 85% of infant formula samples was higher than the maximum tolerance limit accepted by the European Union and the US (25 ng/kg.

  16. ESTRUCTURA METÁLICA DE CATALIZADORES BASADOS EN PEROVSKITA La1-YCeYCo1-XFeXO3 EN METANO REFORMADO CON CO2 Y O2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana García

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Se prepararon catalizadores metálicos estructurados constituidos por perovskitas con composiciones LaCo0.6Fe0.4O3, LaCo0.4Fe0.6O3 y La0.9Ce0.1Co0.6Fe0.4O3 soportadas sobre estructuras cónicas de una malla de acero inoxidable 316, a fin de estudiar el efecto de la estructura metálica en la reacción. Estos fueron evaluados en el reformado de metano con CO2 y O2, realizando la comparación con el mismo catalizador en polvo. Las condiciones de reacción fueron seleccionadas a partir de barridos de temperatura de reacción y de relación CH4/CO2 de la alimentación. Se alcanzó una conversión máxima de 88% y relación H2/CO de 1.6, para la perovskita de mayor contenido de Co a 850 °C y composición molar 6/1/3 en CH4/CO2/O2. Los catalizadores estructurados en forma de cono y en polvo presentaron un comportamiento similar. La sustitución de La por Ce no generó diferencias apreciables en el comportamiento catalítico. El uso de una estructura metálica similar a un empaque comercial, parece mejorar la estabilidad del catalizador de perovskita LaCo0.6Fe0.4O3 con una mayor relación H2/CO en los productos.

  17. En route to the conductivity bottleneck in p-type CuCr1-xMxO2-ySy (M = Li, Mg)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mandal, P.; Mazumder, N.; Akhtar, A. J.; Roy, R.; Chattopadhyay, K. K.

    2017-05-01

    We extend our material design concept [P. Mandal et al. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 49, 275109, (2016); N. Mazumder et al. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4, 3539, (2013)] further aiming to overcome the conductivity bottleneck (1 Scm-1) in p-type transparent conducting oxide (TCO). In this work, we execute the strategy of simultaneous cationic-anionic hole doping in the prototype p-TCO CuCrO2. CuCr1-xMxO2-ySy (M = Li, Mg) is prepared by solid state heating at 1150 °C. Using Rietveld analysis, the presence of Mgcr•, Licr • and SO×areconfirmed and quantified. The diffuse reflectance (DR) spectra are acquired to determine the dominant optical gap (˜ 3.5 eV) and found to be affected little upon site selective hole doping. From temperature dependence (80 - 300 K) of DC conductivity (σdc), (Licr •+SO×)dopingcan be identified to be the more plausible alternative to reach the bottleneck threshold compared to (Mgcr •+SO×) albeit of smaller σdc at 300 K.

  18. Ranked solutions of the matric equation A1X1=A2X2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Duane Porter

    1980-01-01

    Full Text Available Let GF(pz denote the finite field of pz elements. Let A1 be s×m of rank r1 and A2 be s×n of rank r2 with elements from GF(pz. In this paper, formulas are given for finding the number of X1,X2 over GF(pz which satisfy the matric equation A1X1=A2X2, where X1 is m×t of rank k1, and X2 is n×t of rank k2. These results are then used to find the number of solutions X1,…,Xn, Y1,…,Ym, m,n>1, of the matric equation A1X1…Xn=A2Y1…Ym.

  19. Diversification of the vacAs1m1 and vacAs2m2 strains of Helicobacter pylori in Meriones unguiculatus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra Mendoza Elizalde

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available The bacterium Helicobacter pylori exhibits great genetic diversity, and the pathogenic roles of its virulence factors have been widely studied. However, the evolutionary dynamics of H. pylori strains during stomach colonization are not well characterized. Here, we analyzed the microevolutionary dynamics of the toxigenic strain vacAs1m1, the non-toxigenic strain vacAs2m2, and a combination of both strains in an animal model over time. Meriones unguiculatus were inoculated with the following bacteria: group 1–toxigenic strain vacAs1m1/cagA+/cagE+/babA2+; ST181, group 2–non-toxigenic strain vacAs2m2/ cagA+/ cagE+/ babA2+; ST2901, and group 3–both strains. The gerbils were euthanized at different time points (3, 6, 12 and 18 months. In group 1, genetic alterations were observed at 6 and 12 months. With the combination of both strains, group 3 also exhibited genetic alterations at 3 and 18 months; moreover, a chimera, vacA m1-m2, was detected. Additionally, four new sequence types (STs were reported in the PubMLST database for H. pylori. Synonymous and non-synonymous mutations were analyzed and associated with alterations in amino acids. Microevolutionary analysis of the STs (PHYLOViZ identified in each group revealed many mutational changes in the toxigenic (vacAs1m1 and non-toxigenic (vacAs2m2 strains. Phylogenetic assessments (eBURST did not reveal clonal complexes. Our findings indicate that the toxigenic strain, vacAs1m1, and a combination of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains acquired genetic material by recombination. The allelic combination, vacAs2m1, displayed the best adaptation in the animal model over time, and a chimera, m1-m2, was also identified, which confirmed previous reports.

  20. P2Y2 Receptor and EGFR Cooperate to Promote Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion via ERK1/2 Pathway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Wei-Hua; Qiu, Ying; Zhang, Hong-Quan; Tian, Xin-Xia; Fang, Wei-Gang

    2015-01-01

    As one member of G protein-coupled P2Y receptors, P2Y2 receptor can be equally activated by extracellular ATP and UTP. Our previous studies have proved that activation of P2Y2 receptor by extracellular ATP could promote prostate cancer cell invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo via regulating the expressions of some epithelial-mesenchymal transition/invasion-related genes (including IL-8, E-cadherin, Snail and Claudin-1), and the most significant change in expression of IL-8 was observed after P2Y2 receptor activation. However, the signaling pathway downstream of P2Y2 receptor and the role of IL-8 in P2Y2-mediated prostate cancer cell invasion remain unclear. Here, we found that extracellular ATP/UTP induced activation of EGFR and ERK1/2. After knockdown of P2Y2 receptor, the ATP -stimulated phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2 was significantly suppressed. Further experiments showed that inactivation of EGFR and ERK1/2 attenuated ATP-induced invasion and migration, and suppressed ATP-mediated IL-8 production. In addition, knockdown of IL-8 inhibited ATP-mediated invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells. These findings suggest that P2Y2 receptor and EGFR cooperate to upregulate IL-8 production via ERK1/2 pathway, thereby promoting prostate cancer cell invasion and migration. Thus blocking of the P2Y2-EGFR-ERK1/2 pathway may provide effective therapeutic interventions for prostate cancer.

  1. Evaluation of PCA3 and multiparametric MRI’s: collective benefits before deciding initial prostate biopsy for patients with PSA level between 3-10ng/mL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sezgin Okcelik

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the contribution of multiparametric MRI and PCA3 assay, pre- decision of initial biopsy in PSA level between 3-10 ng/mL patients with normal digital rectal examination(DRE. Materials and Methods PSA level 3-10 ng/mL ,patients, with normal DRE results and no previous prostate biopsy history, were included in this study. Each patient underwent multiparametric MRI one week before biopsy. Urine sample taking for PCA3 examination preceded the biopsy. Systematic and targeted biopsies were conducted. Patients with high PSA levels were seperated into two groups as: high PCA3 scored and low PCA3 scored. Then each group was divided into two sub-groups as: MRI lesion positive and negative. Tumor incidence, positive predictive values(PPV and negative predictive values(NPV were calculated. Results 53 patients were included between February 2013 and March 2014.Mean age 61.22 ± 1.06. Mean PSA value 5.13 ± 0.19 ng / mL. Mean PCA3 score 98.01 ± 23.13 and mean prostate size was 48.96 ± 2.67 grams. Fourty nine patients had both PCA3 score and multiparametric MRI. The PCA3’s PPV value was 58.33%. If multiparametric MRI lesions are added to high PCA3 scores , the PPV appears to elevate to 91.66%. NPV of PCA3 was 96%. NPV was 95% when there was no lesion in the multiparametric MRI with low PCA3 scores. Sensitivity was 91.66% , specificity was 95% respectively. Conclusion Adding multimetric MRI can also support biopsy decision for patients with high PCA3 value. When PCA3 value is low, patients can be survailled without any need to take a MRI.

  2. Rac1 Regulates the Activity of mTORC1 and mTORC2 and Controls Cellular Size

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saci, Abdelhafid; Cantley, Lewis C.; Carpenter, Christopher L.

    2013-01-01

    SUMMARY Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that exists in two separate complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, that function to control cell size and growth in response to growth factors, nutrients, and cellular energy levels. Low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins of the Rheb and Rag families are key regulators of the mTORC1 complex, but regulation of mTORC2 is poorly understood. Here, we report that Rac1, a member of the Rho family of GTPases, is a critical regulator of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 in response to growth-factor stimulation. Deletion of Rac1 in primary cells using an inducible-Cre/Lox approach inhibits basal and growth-factor activation of both mTORC1 and mTORC2. Rac1 appears to bind directly to mTOR and to mediate mTORC1 and mTORC2 localization at specific membranes. Binding of Rac1 to mTOR does not depend on the GTP-bound state of Rac1, but on the integrity of its C-terminal domain. This function of Rac1 provides a means to regulate mTORC1 and mTORC2 simultaneously. PMID:21474067

  3. Kruuda kurb mäng

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2010-01-01

    Oliver Kruuda müüs oma võlakoorma vähendamiseks Kalevi Norra toiduainekontsernile Orkla. Kalevi ja Tere müümine oli tal plaanis ka 2007. aastal, kui Indrek Rohumaa juhitud investeerimisfirma Alta Capital pidi need ära ostma

  4. Radiative rates for E1, E2, M1 and M2 transitions in Fe X

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aggarwal, K.M.; Keenan, F.P.

    2004-01-01

    Energies of the 54 levels belonging to the (1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 ) 3s 2 3p 5 , 3s3p 6 , 3s 2 3p 4 3d and 3s3p 5 3d configurations of Fe X have been calculated using the GRASP code of Dyall and colleagues (1989). Additionally, radiative rates, oscillator strengths, and line strengths are calculated for all electric dipole (E1), magnetic dipole (M1), electric quadrupole (E2), and magnetic quadrupole (M2) transitions among these levels. Comparisons are made with results available in the literature, and the accuracy of the data is assessed. Our energy levels are estimated to be accurate to better than 3%, whereas results for other parameters are probably accurate to better than 20% . Additionally, the agreement between measured and calculated lifetimes is better than 10%. (authors)

  5. Assessment of airborne soy-hull allergen (Gly m 1) in the Port of Ancona, Italy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Antonicelli, L; Ruello, M L; Monsalve, R I; González, R; Fava, G; Bonifazi, F

    2010-10-01

    Epidemic asthma outbreaks are potentially a very high-risk medical situation in seaport towns where large volumes of soybean are loaded and unloaded Airborne allergen assessment plays a pivotal role in evaluating the resulting environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to measure the airborne Gly m 1 allergen level in the seaport of Ancona in order assess the soybean-specific allergenic risk for the city. Allergen and PM10 were evaluated at progressive distances from the port area. Allergen analysis was performed by monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay on the sampled filters. Daily meteorological data were obtained from the local meteorological station. For estimating the assimilative capacity of the atmosphere, an approach based on dispersive ventilation coefficient was tried. The allergen concentrations detected were low (range = 0.4-171 ng/m3). A decreasing gradient of the airborne allergen from the unloading area (22.1 +/- 41.2 ng/m3) to the control area (0.6 +/- 0.7 ng/m3) was detected. The concentration of the airborne Gly m 1 was not coupled with the presence of the soy-carrying ships in the port. A statistically significant relationship between airborne allergen, PM10 and local meteorological parameters quantifies the association with the atmospheric condition. Airborne Gly m 1 is part of the atmospheric dust of Ancona. The low level of this allergen seems consistent with the absence of asthma epidemic outbreak.

  6. Synthesis and characterization of sodium cation-conducting Nax(MyL1-yO2 (M = Ni2+, Fe3+; L = Ti4+, Sb5+

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marques, F. M. B.

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available The Na+-conducting ceramics of layered Na0.8Ni0.4Ti0.6O2, Na0.8Fe0.8Ti0.2O2, Na0.8Ni0.6Sb0.4O2 (structural type O3 and Na0.68Ni0.34Ti0.66O2 (P2 type with density higher than 91% were prepared via the standard solid-state synthesis route and characterized by the impedance spectroscopy, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, structure refinement using X-ray powder diffraction data, measurements of Na+ concentration cell e.m.f., and dilatometry. The conductivity of antimonate Na0.8Ni0.6Sb0.4O2, synthesized first time, was found lower than that of isostructural Na0.8Ni0.4Ti0.6O2 due to larger ion jump distance between Na+ sites. At temperatures above 420 K, transport properties of sodium cationconducting materials are essentially independent of partial water vapor pressure. In the low-temperature range, the conductivity reversibly increases with water vapor pressure varied in the range from approximately 0 (dry air up to 0.46 atm. The sensitivity to air humidity is influenced by the ceramic microstructure, being favored by increasing boundary area. The average thermal expansion coefficients of layered materials at 300-1173 K are in the range (13.7-16.0×10-6 K-1.Se han preparado cerámicas conductoras conteniendo Na+ de composición Na0.8Ni0.4Ti0.6O2, Na0.8Fe0.8Ti0.2O2, Na0.8Ni0.6Sb0.4O2 (tipo estructural O3 y Na0.68Ni0.34Ti0.66O2 (tipo P2 con densidad mayor del 91%. Las vía de preparación fu la ruta de estandard de síntesis en estado sólido. Las composiciones se caracterizaron mediante espectroscopía de impedancia, análisis térmico, microscopía electrónica de barrido, refinamiento de la estructura usando datos de difracción de rayos X en polvo, medidas de concentración de Na+, f.e.m. de la célula y dilatometría. La conductividad del antimoniate, sintetizado por primera vez, Na0.8Ni0.6Sb0.4O2, era menor que la del compuesto isoestructural Na0.8Ni0.4Ti0.6O2 debido a la mayor distancia de salto iónico entre las posiciones de Na

  7. X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome systems in the Neotropical Gymnotiformes electric fish of the genus Brachyhypopomus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adauto Lima Cardoso

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Several types of sex chromosome systems have been recorded among Gymnotiformes, including male and female heterogamety, simple and multiple sex chromosomes, and different mechanisms of origin and evolution. The X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y systems identified in three species of this order are considered homoplasic for the group. In the genus Brachyhypopomus, only B. gauderio presented this type of system. Herein we describe the karyotypes of Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus and B. n. sp. FLAV, which have an X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system that evolved via fusion between an autosome and the Y chromosome. The morphology of the chromosomes and the meiotic pairing suggest that the sex chromosomes of B. gauderio and B. pinnicaudatus have a common origin, whereas in B . n. sp. FLAV the sex chromosome system evolved independently. However, we cannot discard the possibility of common origin followed by distinct processes of differentiation. The identification of two new karyotypes with an X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system in Gymnotiformes makes it the most common among the karyotyped species of the group. Comparisons of these karyotypes and the evolutionary history of the taxa indicate independent origins for their sex chromosomes systems. The recurrent emergence of the X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y system may represent sex chromosomes turnover events in Gymnotiformes.

  8. Influencia de las adiciones de TaC y NbC en las propiedades de los aceros rápidos pulvimetalúrgicos M3/2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gordo, E.

    2002-04-01

    Full Text Available Metal matrix composites based on M3/2 high speed steel and reinforced with different percentages of NbC and TaC were manufactured following a conventional powder metallurgy route: mixing, compacting and sintering. Graphite, to compensate carbon losses during sintering, and copper-phosphorous, to promote liquid phase sintering, were added to M3/2 powders to constitute the base material. Carbide and base material powders were dry mixed and uniaxially compacted at 700 MPa. After this, vacuum sintering was carried out at two temperatures: 1190 °C and 1230 °C. The mechanical properties and wear behaviour of all sintered materials were examined, and their characterisation was completed with a broad microstructural study

    Este trabajo plantea la fabricación de materiales compuestos de matriz metálica, basados en el acero rápido M3/2 y reforzados con distintas cantidades de NbC y TaC, mediante técnicas convencionales pulvimetalúrgicas (P/M: mezcla, compactación y sinterización. Al acero rápido se añadió grafito para compensar las pérdidas de carbono durante la sinterización y cupro-fósforo para promover sinterización en fase líquida, constituyendo esta mezcla el material base. Los polvos de carburos y de material base fueron mezclados en seco y compactados uniaxialmente a 700 MPa. Tras esta etapa, se realizó la sinterización en vacío a dos temperaturas: 1.190 °C y 1.230 °C. Todos los materiales sinterizados fueron caracterizados mediante el estudio de las propiedades mecánicas, el comportamiento a desgaste y un amplio análisis microestructural.

  9. Magnetism and superconductivity in Ru{sub 1-x}Sr{sub 2}RECu{sub 2+x}O{sub 8-d} (RE=Gd, Eu) and RuSr{sub 2}Gd{sub 1-y}Ce{sub y}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 8} compounds

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Klamut, P.W. [Dept. of Physics, Northern Illinois Univ., DeKalb, IL (United States)]|[Inst. of Low Temperature and Structure Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw (Poland); Dabrowski, B.; Mini, S.M.; Kolesnik, S.; Maxwell, M.; Mais, J. [Dept. of Physics, Northern Illinois Univ., DeKalb, IL (United States); Shengelaya, A.; Keller, H. [Physik-Inst., Univ. Zuerich, Zuerich (Switzerland); Khazanov, R. [Physik-Inst., Univ. Zuerich, Zuerich (Switzerland)]|[Lab. for Muon-Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Inst., Villigen PSI (Switzerland); Savic, I. [Physik-Inst., Univ. Zuerich, Zuerich (Switzerland)]|[Faculty of Physics, Univ. of Belgrade, Belgrade (Yugoslavia); Sulkowski, C.; Wlosewicz, D.; Matusiak, M. [Inst. of Low Temperature and Structure Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw (Poland); Wisniewski, A.; Puzniak, R.; Fita, I. [Inst. of Physics of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa (Poland)

    2002-07-01

    We discuss the properties of new superconducting compositions of ruthenocuprates Ru{sub 1-x}Sr{sub 2}RECu{sub 2+x}O{sub 8-d} (RE=Gd, Eu) that were synthesized at 600 atm. of oxygen at 1080 C. By changing ratio between the Ru and Cu, the temperature of superconducting transition (T{sub C}) raises up to T{sub C}{sup max} = 72 K for x=0.3, 0.4. The hole doping achieved along the series increases with Cu{yields}Ru substitution. For x {ne} 0, T{sub C} can be subsequently tuned between T{sub C}{sup max} and 0 K by changing oxygen content in the compounds. The magnetic characteristics of the RE=Gd and Eu based compounds are interpreted as indicative of constrained dimensionality of the superconducting phase. Muon spin rotation experiments reveal the presence of the magnetic transitions at low temperatures (T{sub m}=14-2 K for x=0.1-0.4) that can originate in the response of Ru/Cu sublattice. RuSr{sub 2}Gd{sub 1-y}Ce{sub 1-y}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 8} (0 {<=} y {<=} 0.1) compounds show the simultaneous increase of T{sub N} and decrease of T{sub C} with y. The effect should be explained by the electron doping that occurs with Ce{yields}Gd substitution. Properties of these two series allow us to propose phase diagram for 1212-type ruthenocuprates that links their properties to the hole doping achieved in the systems. Non-superconducting single-phase RuSr{sub 2}GdCu{sub 2}O{sub 8} and RuSr{sub 2}EuCu{sub 2}O{sub 8} are reported and discussed in the context of the properties of substituted compounds. (orig.)

  10. The Escape of Sisyphus or What “Post NG-PON2” Should Do Apart from Neverending Capacity Upgrades

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martin Maier

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available The primary design goal of (revolutionary NG-PON1&2 was the provisioning of an ever increasing capacity to cope with video-dominated traffic and handle the explosion of mobile data traffic by means of offloading. Recently, however, questions on the future of “post NG-PON2” have surfaced whether to shift its research focus to business and operation related aspects and move access technology into a substantially different direction than continued capacity upgrades. In fact, recent studies indicate that ultimately the major factor limiting the performance of 4G mobile networks is latency rather than capacity of the backhaul. In this paper, we review recently proposed low-latency techniques for NG-PONs that require architectural modifications at the remote node or distribution fiber level and highlight advanced network coding and real-time polling based low-latency techniques that can be implemented in software, enable NG-PONs to carry higher traffic loads and thereby extend their lifetime, and maintain the passive nature of existent optical distribution networks. Furthermore, we elaborate on emerging trends and open challenges for future post NG-PON2 research. To better understand their true potential, we put them into a wider non-technical and historical perspective leading up to a sustainable Third Industrial Revolution (TIR economy and its underlying Energy Internet.

  11. Theoretical investigations on magnetocaloric effect in Er{sub 1y}Tb{sub y}Al{sub 2} series

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ribeiro, P.O., E-mail: paula.ribeiro@gmail.com [Instituto de Física, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013 RJ (Brazil); Alho, B.P.; Alvarenga, T.S.T.; Nóbrega, E.P.; Sousa, V.S.R. de [Instituto de Física, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013 RJ (Brazil); Carvalho, A. Magnus G. [Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, CNPEM, 13083-970 Campinas, SP (Brazil); Caldas, A. [Sociedade Unificada de Ensino Superior e Cultura, SUESC, 20211-351 Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Oliveira, N.A. de; Ranke, P.J. von [Instituto de Física, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013 RJ (Brazil)

    2015-04-01

    We report on the magnetic and magnetocaloric effect calculations in rare earth Er{sub 1y}Tb{sub y}Al{sub 2} compounds (y=0.00, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.00). Our model Hamiltonian has contributions of the crystalline electrical field anisotropy in both Er and Tb magnetic sublattices, disorder in exchange interactions among Er–Er, Tb–Tb and Er–Tb magnetic ions and the Zeeman effect. The magnetization, the isothermal entropy change (ΔS{sub T}) and the adiabatic temperature change (ΔT{sub ad}) dependence on temperature were simulated and, compared with the experimental data available. - Highlights: • Modeling Er{sub (1y)}Tb{sub y}Al{sub 2} intermetallic compounds. • Magnetic entropy changes in Er{sub (1y)}Tb{sub y}Al{sub 2}. • Adiabatic temperature changes in Er{sub 0.75}Tb{sub 0.25}Al{sub 2} and Er{sub 0.65}Tb{sub 0.35}Al{sub 2} compounds.

  12. Pinocembrin Suppresses H2O2-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction by a Mechanism Dependent on the Nrf2/HO-1 Axis in SH-SY5Y Cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Oliveira, Marcos Roberto; da Costa Ferreira, Gustavo; Brasil, Flávia Bittencourt; Peres, Alessandra

    2018-02-01

    Mitochondria are susceptible to redox impairment, which has been associated with neurodegeneration. These organelles are both a source and target of reactive species. In that context, there is increasing interest in finding natural compounds that modulate mitochondrial function and mitochondria-related signaling in order to prevent or to treat diseases involving mitochondrial impairment. Herein, we investigated whether and how pinocembrin (PB) would prevent mitochondrial dysfunction elicited by the exposure of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). PB (25 μM) was administrated for 4 h before H 2 O 2 treatment (300 μM for 24 h). PB prevented H 2 O 2 -induced loss of cell viability mitochondrial depolarization in SH-SY5Y cells. PB also attenuated redox impairment in mitochondrial membranes. The production of superoxide anion radical (O 2 -• ) and nitric oxide (NO • ) was alleviated by PB in cells exposed to H 2 O 2 . PB suppressed the H 2 O 2 -induced inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes aconitase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, PB induced anti-inflammatory effects by abolishing the H 2 O 2 -dependent activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and upregulation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The PB-induced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects are dependent on the heme oxygenate-1 (HO-1) enzyme and on the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), since HO-1 inhibition (with 0.5 μM ZnPP IX) or Nrf2 silencing (with small interfering RNA (siRNA)) abolished the effects of PB. Overall, PB afforded cytoprotection by the Nrf2/HO-1 axis in H 2 O 2 -treated SH-SY5Y cells.

  13. Homoleptic diphosphacyclobutadiene complexes [M(η(4)-P2C2R2)2]x- (M = Fe, Co; x = 0, 1).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wolf, Robert; Ehlers, Andreas W; Khusniyarov, Marat M; Hartl, František; de Bruin, Bas; Long, Gary J; Grandjean, Fernande; Schappacher, Falko M; Pöttgen, Rainer; Slootweg, J Chris; Lutz, Martin; Spek, Anthony L; Lammertsma, Koop

    2010-12-27

    The preparation and comprehensive characterization of a series of homoleptic sandwich complexes containing diphosphacyclobutadiene ligands are reported. Compounds [K([18]crown-6)(thf)(2)][Fe(η(4)-P(2)C(2)tBu(2))(2)] (K1), [K([18]crown-6)(thf)(2)][Co(η(4)-P(2)C(2)tBu(2))(2)] (K2), and [K([18]crown-6)(thf)(2)][Co(η(4)-P(2)C(2)Ad(2))(2)] (K3, Ad = adamantyl) were obtained from reactions of [K([18]crown-6)(thf)(2)][M(η(4)-C(14)H(10))(2)] (M = Fe, Co) with tBuC[triple bond]P (1, 2), or with AdC[triple bond]P (3). Neutral sandwiches [M(η(4)-P(2)C(2)tBu(2))(2)] (4: M = Fe 5: M = Co) were obtained by oxidizing 1 and 2 with [Cp(2)Fe]PF(6). Cyclic voltammetry and spectro-electrochemistry indicate that the two [M(η(4)-P(2)C(2)tBu(2))(2)](-)/[M(η(4)-P(2)C(2)tBu(2))(2)] moieties can be reversibly interconverted by one electron oxidation and reduction, respectively. Complexes 1-5 were characterized by multinuclear NMR, EPR (1 and 5), UV/Vis, and Mössbauer spectroscopies (1 and 4), mass spectrometry (4 and 5), and microanalysis (1-3). The molecular structures of 1-5 were determined by using X-ray crystallography. Essentially D(2d)-symmetric structures were found for all five complexes, which show the two 1,3-diphosphacyclobutadiene rings in a staggered orientation. Density functional theory calculations revealed the importance of covalent metal-ligand π bonding in 1-5. Possible oxidation state assignments for the metal ions are discussed.

  14. Structural determination of new solid solutions [Y2-x Mx ][Sn2-x Mx ]O7-3x/2 (M = Mg or Zn by Rietveld method

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohamed Douma

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available New [Y2-x Mx][Sn2-x Mx]O7-3x/2 (0 ≤x≤ 0.30 for M = Mg and 0 ≤x≤ 0.36 for M = Zn solid solutions with the pyrochlore structure were synthesized via high-temperature solid-state reaction method. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD patterns and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR spectra showed that these materials are new non-stoichiometric solid solutions with the pyrochlore type structure. The structural parameters for the solids obtained were successfully determined by Rietveld refinement based on the analysis of the PXRD diagrams. Lattice parameter (a of these solid solutions decreases when x increases in both series. All samples obtained have the pyrochlore structure Fd-3m, no. 227 (origin at center -3m with M2+ (M = Mg2+ or Zn2+ cations in Y3+ and Sn4+ sites, thus creating vacancies in the anionic sublattice.

  15. Characterization of a novel Y2K-type dehydrin VrDhn1 from Vigna radiata.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Chia-Hui; Peng, Po-Hsin; Ko, Chia-Yun; Markhart, Albert H; Lin, Tsai-Yun

    2012-05-01

    A novel dehydrin gene (VrDhn1) was isolated from an embryo cDNA library of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek (mungbean) variety VC1973A. The intronless VrDhn1 gene encodes a protein belonging to the Y(2)K-type dehydrin family. VrDhn1 protein accumulated in embryos and cotyledons during seed maturation and disappeared 2 days after seed imbibition (DAI). The expression of VrDhn1 mRNA and accumulation of VrDhn1 protein were at high levels in mature seeds, but neither mRNA nor protein was detected in mungbean vegetative tissues under normal growth conditions. The VrDhn1 mRNA level was extremely high in mature seeds and decreased to ∼30% at 1 DAI, and was not detectable at ~7 DAI. Tissue dehydration, salinity and exogenous ABA markedly induced VrDhn1 transcripts in plants as measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). VrDhn1 protein was not detected using immunoblots in seedlings under stress treatments. In mature seeds or 1 DAI seedlings, VrDhn1 proteins were immunolocalized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. VrDhn1 exhibited low affinity for non-specific interaction with DNA using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), and the exogenous addition of Zn(2+) or Ni(2+) stimulated interaction. The His-tagged VrDhn1 (30.17 kDa) protein showed a molecular mass of 63.1 kDa on gel filtration, suggesting a dimer form. This is the first report showing that a Y(2)K-type VrDhn1 enters the nucleus and interacts with DNA during seed maturation.

  16. Characterization and therapeutic evaluation of a Nestin⁺ CNP⁺ NG2⁺ cell population on mouse spinal cord injury.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Rui; Zhang, Si; Yang, Haijie; Ju, Peijun; Xia, Yinyan; Shi, Yu; Lim, Tse Hui; Lim, Alvin St; Liang, Fengyi; Feng, Zhiwei

    2015-07-01

    The NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-expressing neural cells (NG2 cells) have originally been considered as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). However, recent findings on their diverse functions and lineage heterogeneity demonstrated that the NG2 cells contain various sub-populations whose concrete features and therapeutic potential yet remained elucidated. In the present study, we characterized a Nestin(+) 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP)(+) NG2(+) subpopulation from embryonic rat cerebral cortex. The Nestin(+) CNP(+) NG2(+) cells exhibited remarkable progenitor characteristics. Having been immortalized by human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the life span of Nestin(+) CNP(+) NG2(+) cells was extended to 230 population doublings (PDs). With immortalized NG2 cells, we demonstrated their differentiation capacities to oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and neurons. Furthermore, transplanted into injured spinal cord of a mouse model, they were able to promote remyelination and neuronal regeneration, thereby enhancing the functional recovery. Our findings suggest that the Nestin(+) CNP(+) NG2(+) progenitor cells could be a good alternative cell source of cell therapy for neurological disorders. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. Attributing Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Anthropogenic and Natural Sources Using AVIRIS-NG

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thorpe, A. K.; Frankenberg, C.; Thompson, D. R.; Duren, R. M.; Aubrey, A. D.; Bue, B. D.; Green, R. O.; Gerilowski, K.; Krings, T.; Borchardt, J.; Kort, E. A.; Sweeney, C.; Conley, S. A.; Roberts, D. A.; Dennison, P. E.; Ayasse, A.

    2016-12-01

    Imaging spectrometers like the next generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG) can map large regions with the high spatial resolution necessary to resolve methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This capability is aided by real time detection and geolocation of gas plumes, permitting unambiguous identification of individual emission source locations and communication to ground teams for rapid follow up. We present results from AVIRIS-NG flight campaigns in the Four Corners region (Colorado and New Mexico) and the San Joaquin Valley (California). Over three hundred plumes were observed, reflecting emissions from anthropogenic and natural sources. Examples of plumes will be shown for a number of sources, including CH4 from well completions, gas processing plants, tanks, pipeline leaks, natural seeps, and CO2 from power plants. Despite these promising results, an imaging spectrometer built exclusively for quantitative mapping of gas plumes would have improved sensitivity compared to AVIRIS-NG. For example, an instrument providing a 1 nm spectral sampling (2,000-2,400 micron) would permit mapping CH4, CO2, H2O, CO, and N2O from more diffuse sources using both airborne and orbital platforms. The ability to identify emission sources offers the potential to constrain regional greenhouse gas budgets and improve partitioning between anthropogenic and natural emission sources. Because the CH4 lifetime is only about 9 years and CH4 has a Global Warming Potential 86 times that of CO2 for a 20 year time interval, mitigating these emissions is a particularly cost-effective approach to reduce overall atmospheric radiative forcing. Fig. 1. True color image subset with superimposed gas plumes showing concentrations in ppmm. Left: AVIRIS-NG observed CH4 plumes from natural gas processing plant extending over 500 m downwind of multiple emissions sources. Right: Multiple CO2 plumes observed from coal-fired power plant.

  18. 1,2-Dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)-cyclohexane and tris(methylphenyl) phosphate cause significant effects on development, mRNA expression, and circulating bile acid concentrations in chicken embryos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Crump, Doug, E-mail: doug.crump@ec.gc.ca [National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 (Canada); Porter, Emily; Egloff, Caroline; Williams, Kim L.; Letcher, Robert J.; Gauthier, Lewis T. [National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 (Canada); Kennedy, Sean W. [National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 (Canada); Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 (Canada)

    2014-06-15

    1,2-Dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)-cyclohexane (DBE-DBCH; formerly abbreviated as TBECH) and tris(methylphenyl) phosphate (TMPP; formerly abbreviated as TCP) are additive flame retardants that are detected in the environment and biota. A recent avian in vitro screening study of 16 flame retardants identified DBE-DBCH and TMPP as important chemicals for follow-up in ovo evaluation based on their effects on cytotoxicity and mRNA expression in avian hepatocytes. In this study, technical mixtures of DBE-DBCH and TMPP were injected into the air cell of chicken embryos at concentrations ranging from 0 to 54,900 ng/g and from 0 to 261,400 ng/g, respectively, to determine effects on pipping success, development, hepatic mRNA expression, thyroid hormone levels, and circulating bile acid concentrations. Both compounds were detectable in embryos at pipping and the β-DBE-DBCH isomer was depleted more rapidly than the α-isomer in tissue samples. DBE-DBCH had limited effects on the endpoints measured, with the exception of the up-regulation of two phase I metabolizing enzymes, CYP3A37 and CYP2H1. TMPP exposure caused embryonic deformities, altered growth, increased liver somatic index (LSI) and plasma bile acid concentrations, and altered mRNA expression levels of genes associated with xenobiotic and lipid metabolism and the thyroid hormone pathway. Overall, TMPP elicited more adverse molecular and phenotypic effects than DBE-DBCH albeit at concentrations several orders of magnitude greater than those detected in the environment. The increase in plasma bile acid concentrations was a useful phenotypic anchor as it was associated with a concomitant increase in LSI, discoloration of the liver tissue, and modulation of hepatic genes involved with xenobiotic and lipid metabolism. - Highlights: • DBE-DBCH and TMPP are not embryolethal to chicken embryos. • TMPP caused deformities, morphometric alterations, and increased plasma bile acids. • DBE-DBCH and TMPP altered mRNA levels

  19. Complexes of Y, La, and lanthanides with m-aminobenzoic acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rzaczynska, Z.; Brzyska, W.

    1989-01-01

    m-Aminobenzoates of Y, La and lanthanides prepared in the reaction of the hydroxides of metal with m-aminobenzoic acid in solution have the general formula Ln(m-C 6 H 4 NH 2 COO) 3 .nH 2 O where n = 4 for Ho, Tm, n = 5 for Y, Sm, Dy, Er, Lu, and n = 6 for La, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Yb. The water molecules in the hydrated compounds are in the outer coordination sphere. On heating in air at 350-410K dehydration occurs and anhydrous m-aminobenzoates Ln(m-C 6 H 4 NH 2 COO) 3 are formed. On the basis of the IR spectra it was found that the metal in hydrated m-aminobenzoate of lanthanides is simultaneously coordinated through amino- and carboxyl groups whereas in anhydrous m-aminobenzoates of lanthanides only trough the bidentate carboxyl group. From X-ray analysis it was stated that the hydrated m-aminobenzoates of lanthanides are isostructural in the whole range Y, La-Lu. (Author)

  20. Mechanical Stimulation and IGF-1 Enhance mRNA Translation Rate in Osteoblasts Via Activation of the AKT-mTOR Pathway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bakker, Astrid D; Gakes, Tom; Hogervorst, Jolanda M A; de Wit, Gerard M J; Klein-Nulend, Jenneke; Jaspers, Richard T

    2016-06-01

    Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is anabolic for muscle by enhancing the rate of mRNA translation via activation of AKT and subsequent activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTOR), thereby increasing cellular protein production. IGF-1 is also anabolic for bone, but whether the mTOR pathway plays a role in the rate of bone matrix protein production by osteoblasts is unknown. We hypothesized that anabolic stimuli such as mechanical loading and IGF-1 stimulate protein synthesis in osteoblasts via activation of the AKT-mTOR pathway. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were either or not subjected for 1 h to mechanical loading by pulsating fluid flow (PFF) or treated with or without human recombinant IGF-1 (1-100 ng/ml) for 0.5-6 h, to determine phosphorylation of AKT and p70S6K (downstream of mTOR) by Western blot. After 4 days of culture with or without the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, total protein, DNA, and gene expression were quantified. IGF-1 (100 ng/ml) reduced IGF-1 gene expression, although PFF enhanced IGF-1 expression. IGF-1 did not affect collagen-I gene expression. IGF-1 dose-dependently enhanced AKT and p70S6K phosphorylation at 2 and 6 h. PFF enhanced phosphorylation of AKT and p70S6K already within 1 h. Both IGF-1 and PFF enhanced total protein per cell by ∼30%, but not in the presence of rapamycin. Our results show that IGF-1 and PFF activate mTOR, thereby stimulating the rate of mRNA translation in osteoblasts. The known anabolic effect of mechanical loading and IGF-1 on bone may thus be partly explained by mTOR-mediated enhanced protein synthesis in osteoblasts. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  1. CORRELATION BETWEEN PROTEIN-WITH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT-53 (P53, BURKIT CELL LYMPHOMA 2 (BCL2, AND FAS LIGAND (FASL AND VASCULAR-CELL-ADHESION-MOLECULE-1 (VCAM-1 MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS IN A PATHOGENESIS STUDY OF PREECLAMPSIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mintareja Teguh

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Objective: To determine the role of protein-with-molecular-weight-53 (p53, burkit cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2, Fas ligand (FasL mRNA, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1, known as the apoptosis-related molecular pathway, in preeclamptic patients. Methods: Observation on the correlation between the mRNA levels of p53, Bcl2 and FasL and VCAM-1 in 31 subjects at 28-42 weeks gestational age was performed in this study using the real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR. Results: The results showed that p53 mRNA increased (>1.2350 ng/μL in the preeclampsia group compared to the normal pregnancy group (p=0.010, Bcl2 mRNA was lower (≤0.9271 ng/μL in the preeclampsia group than the control group (p=0.041. There was also a tendency of increased FasL mRNA expression (>0.5509 ng/μL in the preeclampsia group compared to the normal pregnancy group (p=0.300. The level of VCAM-1 elevated (>890.08 ng/mL in the preeclampsia group compared to the normal pregnancy group (p=0.001. In preeclampsia, the correlation between the Bcl2/p53 ratio and VCAM-1 was r=0.541 (p=0.002, whereas the correlation in normal pregnancy was r=0.099 (p=0.595. Conclusions: There are correlations between the mRNA expression levels of p53 and Bcl2 as an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis along with the VCAM-1 levels in the incidence of preeclampsia. However, no correlation is found between FasL mRNA expression and the incidence of preeclampsia.

  2. Role of plasma neuropeptide Y in patients with different thyroid functional status

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhong Chongming

    2004-01-01

    Objective: To investigate the plasma neuropeptide Y levels in patients with different thyroid functional status (hypo, hyperthyroidism as well as euthyroid status). Methods: Plasma neuropeptide Y levels in 55 hyperthyroid patients, 47 hypothyroid patients and 57 euthyroid controls were measured with radioimmunoassay. Results: Plasma neuropeptide Y levels in hyperthyroid patients (71.5 ± 14.7) ng/L, were significantly higher than those in controls (71.5 ± 14.7) ng/L, (0.001< P<0.05). Plasma neuropeptide Y levels in hypothyroid patients (42.2 ± 24.3) ng/L were lower than those in controls (71.5 ± 14.7) ng/L, were significantly higher than those in hypothyroid patients (42.2 ± 24.3) ng/L; Plasma neuropeptide Y levels were negatively correlated with leptin levels in all samples (r=-0.58, P=0.015). Conclusion: Both neuropeptide Y and thyroid hormones were important factors of energy metabolism and they might work together to maintain encrgy balance. (authors)

  3. Axial zero-field splitting in mononuclear Co(ii) 2-N substituted N-confused porphyrin: Co(2-NC3H5-21-Y-CH2C6H4CH3-NCTPP)Cl (Y = o, m, p) and Co(2-NC3H5-21-CH2C6H5-NCTPP)Cl.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lai, Ya-Yuan; Chang, Yu-Chang; Chen, Jyh-Horung; Wang, Shin-Shin; Tung, Jo-Yu

    2016-03-21

    The inner C-benzyl- and C-o-xylyl (or m-xylyl, p-xylyl)-substituted cobalt(ii) complexes of a 2-N-substituted N-confused porphyrin were synthesized from the reaction of 2-NC3H5NCTPPH (1) and CoCl2·6H2O in toluene (or o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene). The crystal structures of diamagnetic chloro(2-aza-2-allyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21-hydrogen-21-carbaporphyrinato-N,N',N'')zinc(ii) [Zn(2-NC3H5-21-H-NCTPP)Cl; 3 ] and paramagnetic chloro(2-aza-2-allyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21-benzyl-21-carbaporphyrinato-N,N',N'')cobalt(ii) [Co(2-NC3H5-21-CH2C6H5NCTPP)Cl; 7], and chloro(2-aza-2-allyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21-Y-xylyl-21-carbaporphyrinato-N,N',N'')cobalt(ii) [Co(2-NC3H5-21-Y-CH2C6H4CH3NCTPP)Cl] [Y = o (8), m (9), p (10)] were determined. The coordination sphere around the Zn(2+) (or Co(2+)) ion in 3 (or 7-10) is a distorted tetrahedron (DT). The free energy of activation at the coalescence temperature Tc for the exchange of phenyl ortho protons o-H (26) with o-H (22) in 3 in a CDCl3 solvent is found to be ΔG = 61.4 kJ mol(-1) through (1)H NMR temperature-dependent measurements. The axial zero-field splitting parameter |D| was found to vary from 35.6 cm(-1) in 7 (or 30.7 cm(-1) in 8) to 42.0 cm(-1) in 9 and 46.9 cm(-1) in 10 through paramagnetic susceptibility measurements. The magnitude of |D| can be related to the coordination sphere at the cobalt sites.

  4. Conocimientos y actitudes de los médicos de instituciones hospitalarias en Barranquillla sobre donación y trasplante de órganos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Tuesca . M

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar las actitudes y evaluar el conocimiento sobre donación y trasplante de órganos en médicos de instituciones hospitalarias en Barranquilla (Colombia. Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio observacional transversal. Muestra aleatoria estratificada de 305 médicos generales (MG y especialistas de instituciones hospitalarias de Barranquilla. Información de tipo primario, mediante encuestas autodiligenciadas. El cuestionario adaptado de Blanca, De Frutos y Rosel consta de 29 preguntas, divididas en tres capítulos. El primer capítulo: identificación personal (6 ítems; el segundo midió el conocimiento sobre donación y trasplante mediante preguntas de selección múltiple (11 ítems; y el tercero evaluó las actitudes con escala tipo likert (12 ítems. Se contó con el apoyo de los centros hospitalarios. Resultados: Se evaluaron 274 médicos (104 MG que presentaron una media de 48.7 años y desviación estándar de 6.37. La razón de médicos especialistas por médico general fue de 1.6:1. Con respectoalconocimientoteórico,seencontróun50.73%defrecuenciamodal derespuestasregulares y el 41.24% en el rango bueno. Al comparar el conocimiento con el área de trabajo se encontró una diferencia significativa respecto al grado de conocimiento entre médicos generales y especialistas, siendo (OR=2.37IC95%1.42–3.93.Losmédicosdesconocenelmarcolegalqueregulaladonación ytrasplantedeórganos.El72.3%delosencuestadosdesconocelaexistenciadelprogramadedonación y trasplante de órganos en Barranquilla. El 35% manifiestó que se actualiza al consultar libros o revistas especializadas. En cuanto al conocimiento general, existe diferencia significativa entre los médicos generales y especialistas, lo cual arrojó una prueba Z de diferencia de proporciones de 3.91 para una p= 0.00007. Conclusiones:Losinvestigadoressugierenentreotrosaspectos:promocionarydifundirlosprogramas de trasplante y donación de órganos para el público en general y

  5. Astrocytes protect neurons against methylmercury via ATP/P2Y(1) receptor-mediated pathways in astrocytes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Noguchi, Yusuke; Shinozaki, Youichi; Fujishita, Kayoko; Shibata, Keisuke; Imura, Yoshio; Morizawa, Yosuke; Gachet, Christian; Koizumi, Schuichi

    2013-01-01

    Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well known environmental pollutant that induces serious neuronal damage. Although MeHg readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, and should affect both neurons and glial cells, how it affects glia or neuron-to-glia interactions has received only limited attention. Here, we report that MeHg triggers ATP/P2Y1 receptor signals in astrocytes, thereby protecting neurons against MeHg via interleukin-6 (IL-6)-mediated pathways. MeHg increased several mRNAs in astrocytes, among which IL-6 was the highest. For this, ATP/P2Y1 receptor-mediated mechanisms were required because the IL-6 production was (i) inhibited by a P2Y1 receptor antagonist, MRS2179, (ii) abolished in astrocytes obtained from P2Y1 receptor-knockout mice, and (iii) mimicked by exogenously applied ATP. In addition, (iv) MeHg released ATP by exocytosis from astrocytes. As for the intracellular mechanisms responsible for IL-6 production, p38 MAP kinase was involved. MeHg-treated astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) showed neuro-protective effects against MeHg, which was blocked by anti-IL-6 antibody and was mimicked by the application of recombinant IL-6. As for the mechanism of neuro-protection by IL-6, an adenosine A1 receptor-mediated pathway in neurons seems to be involved. Taken together, when astrocytes sense MeHg, they release ATP that autostimulates P2Y1 receptors to upregulate IL-6, thereby leading to A1 receptor-mediated neuro-protection against MeHg.

  6. Inteligencias múltiples y rendimiento en fútbol

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Mª del Pino Medina

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este estudio ha sido intentar determinar la existencia de un perfil de inteligencia típico para futbolistas en general, y específico por demarcaciones, desde los postulados que ofrece la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples de Howard Gardner. Para ello, 37 futbolistas y cuerpo técnico de dos clubes, cumplimentaron una serie de cuestionarios para fijar los términos referidos: a perfil de inteligencias múltiples, y b percepción de competencia deportiva. Se sometieron al test de campo de Course Navette para delimitar su Potencia aeróbica máxima y el VO2 máx. Se codifican los estadísticos de competición para cada uno de los deportistas, al objeto de delimitar el perfil de IM asociado al rendimiento deportivo para futbolistas, y analizar la incidencia de cada tipo de inteligencia con los factores de eficacia coligados a la competencia deportiva en esta disciplina. Se identifica un perfil típico de IM para futbolistas con escasa incidencia en el rendimiento en fútbol.

  7. 26 CFR 1.401(m)-2 - ACP test.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false ACP test. 1.401(m)-2 Section 1.401(m)-2 Internal... TAXES Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.401(m)-2 ACP test. (a) Actual contribution percentage (ACP) test—(1) In general—(i) ACP test formula. A plan satisfies the ACP test for a plan year only...

  8. ngVLA Cryogenic Subsystem Concept

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wootten, Al; Urbain, Denis; Grammer, Wes; Durand, S.

    2018-01-01

    The VLA’s success over 35 years of operations stems in part from dramatically upgraded components over the years. The time has come to build a new array to lead the radio astronomical science into its next 40 years. To accomplish that, a next generation VLA (ngVLA) is envisioned to have 214 antennas with diameters of 18m. The core of the array will be centered at the current VLA location, but the arms will extend out to 1000km.The VLA cryogenic subsystem equipment and technology have remained virtually unchanged since the early 1980s. While adequate for a 27-antenna array, scaling the current system for an array of 214 antennas would be prohibitively expensive in terms of operating cost and maintenance. The overall goal is to limit operating cost to within three times the current level, despite having 8 times the number of antennas. To help realize this goal, broadband receivers and compact feeds will be utilized to reduce both the size and number of cryostats required. The current baseline front end concept calls for just two moderately-sized cryostats for the entire 1.2-116 GHz frequency range, as opposed to 8 in the VLA.For the ngVLA cryogenics, our objective is a well-optimized and efficient system that uses state-of-the-art technology to minimize per-antenna power consumption and maximize reliability. Application of modern technologies, such as variable-speed operation for the scroll compressors and cryocooler motor drives, allow the cooling capacity of the system to be dynamically matched to thermal loading in each cryostat. Significantly, power savings may be realized while the maintenance interval of the cryocoolers is also extended.Finally, a receiver designed to minimize thermal loading can produce savings directly translating to lower operating cost when variable-speed drives are used. Multi-layer insulation (MLI) on radiation shields and improved IR filters on feed windows can significantly reduce heat loading.Measurements done on existing cryogenic

  9. ¿Es equivalente la suplementación diaria con vitamina D2 o vitamina D3 en adultos mayores?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana Seijo

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Tanto la equivalencia entre colecalciferol (D3 y ergocalciferol (D2, como las dosis y forma de administración de ambos, son actualmente un tema controvertido. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la efectividad de 800 UI/día de D2 (gotas y D3 (comprimidos para alcanzar niveles adecuados de 25 hidroxivitamina D (25OHD (= 30 ng/ml. Veintiún mujeres posmenopáusicas que vivían en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, edad promedio ( ± DS 77.1 ± 6.8 años fueron incluidas y asignadas en forma aleatoria a uno de los siguientes grupos: GD2 (n = 13: 800 UI (gotas y GD3 (n = 8: 800 UI (comprimidos. Se midió 25OHD sérica (RIA-DIASORIN basal y a los 7, 28 y 45 días del estudio. Basalmente, 19 de las 21 mujeres presentaron niveles de deficiencia de 25(OHD (< 20 ng/ml: GD2: 14.0 ± 4.8 y GD3: 13.2 ± 4.9 (NS. Se observó en el día 7 un incremento del ~25% solo en GD3 y un aumento significativo al final del estudio en ambos grupos, sin alcanzar los valores adecuados de 25OHD (GD2: 17.4 ± 5.5 vs. GD3:22.9 ± 4.6 ng/ml p < 0.001. La administración por 45 días de 800 UI de vitamina D3 fue más efectiva que D2 para incrementar los niveles de 25OHD, aunque ambas fueron insuficientes para alcanzar niveles adecuados de 25OHD (= 30 ng/ml.

  10. Chromosomal aberrations induced by caffeine, 3H-thymidine and by X-rays in two L5178Y sublines of different radiosensitivity. Part 2. Effect of 2 mM caffeine on the frequency of chromosomal aberrations induced by X-radiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bocian, E.; Bouzyk, E.; Rosiek, O.; Ziemba-Zoltowska, B.

    1982-01-01

    The effect of 2 mM caffeine on the frequency of X-ray induced chromatid aberrations in two sublines of L5178Y cells with different sensitivity to X-rays was examined. Cells were irradiated with 1 Gy of X-rays and treated with caffeine for 12 h after irradiation. The frequency of aberrations was estimated at time intervals from 5 to 48 h after irradiation. Caffeine increased the frequency of cells with numerous aberrations produced by X radiation in both sublines. Its potentiating effect was greater in the radiation-resistant subline L5178Y-R than in the radiation-sensitive one L5178Y-S. In caffeine-treated L5178Y-S cells chromosomal aberrations were revealed earlier than in the untreated cells. (author)

  11. Radiative rates for E1, E2, M1, and M2 transitions in the Br-like ions Sr IV, Y V, Zr VI, Nb VII, and Mo VIII

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aggarwal, Kanti M.; Keenan, Francis P.

    2015-01-01

    Energies and lifetimes are reported for the lowest 375 levels of five Br-like ions, namely Sr IV, Y V, Zr VI, Nb VII, and Mo VIII, mostly belonging to the 4s 2 4p 5 , 4s 2 4p 4 4ℓ, 4s4p 6 , 4s 2 4p 4 5ℓ, 4s 2 4p 3 4d 2 , 4s4p 5 4ℓ, and 4s4p 5 5ℓ configurations. Extensive configuration interaction has been included and the general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package (GRASP) has been adopted for the calculations. Additionally, radiative rates are listed among these levels for all E1, E2, M1, and M2 transitions. From a comparison with the measurements, the majority of our energy levels are assessed to be accurate to better than 2%, although discrepancies between theory and experiment for a few are up to 6%. An accuracy assessment of the calculated radiative rates (and lifetimes) is more difficult, because no prior results exist for these ions

  12. Aflatoxin M1 contamination of raw and pasteurized milk produced in Sanandaj, Iran

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mafakheri, Sh.

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the levels of aflatoxin M1 in raw and pasteurized milk samples during different seasons by Enzyme- Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay in Sanandaj, Iran. In 257 (94.49% out of 272 milk samples the presence of aflatoxin M1 was detected in concentrations ranging between 0.007 and 115.930 ng/l. AFM1 level in 12 (4.4% of positive samples were higher than the maximum tolerance limit (50 ng/l accepted by Iran and European Union countries. Statistical evaluations showed that the differences between raw and pasteurized samples were not significant (p<0.05. There was no significant difference between spring and summer but the differences between other seasons were statistically significant. Winter samples with 22.35 ng/l and summer samples with 5.14 ng/l had the highest and lowest concentration, respectively (p<0.05. Since contamination of milk with aflatoxin is a potential risk for human health, milk and milk products should be controlled periodically for Aflatoxin contamination.

  13. Macrophage polarisation: an immunohistochemical approach for identifying M1 and M2 macrophages.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mário Henrique M Barros

    Full Text Available Macrophage polarization is increasingly recognised as an important pathogenetic factor in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Proinflammatory M1 macrophages promote T helper (Th 1 responses and show tumoricidal activity. M2 macrophages contribute to tissue repair and promote Th2 responses. CD68 and CD163 are used to identify macrophages in tissue sections. However, characterisation of polarised macrophages in situ has remained difficult. Macrophage polarisation is regulated by transcription factors, pSTAT1 and RBP-J for M1, and CMAF for M2. We reasoned that double-labelling immunohistochemistry for the detection of macrophage markers together with transcription factors may be suitable to characterise macrophage polarisation in situ. To test this hypothesis, we have studied conditions associated with Th1- and Th2-predominant immune responses: infectious mononucleosis and Crohn's disease for Th1 and allergic nasal polyps, oxyuriasis, wound healing and foreign body granulomas for predominant Th2 response. In all situations, CD163+ cells usually outnumbered CD68+ cells. Moreover, CD163+ cells, usually considered as M2 macrophages, co-expressing pSTAT1 and RBP-J were found in all conditions examined. The numbers of putative M1 macrophages were higher in Th1- than in Th2-associated diseases, while more M2 macrophages were seen in Th2- than in Th1 related disorders. In most Th1-related diseases, the balance of M1 over M2 cells was shifted towards M1 cells, while the reverse was observed for Th2-related conditions. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed two distinct clusters: cluster I included Th1 diseases together with cases with high numbers of CD163+pSTAT1+, CD68+pSTAT1+, CD163+RBP-J+ and CD68+RBP-J+ macrophages; cluster II comprised Th2 conditions together with cases displaying high numbers of CD163+CMAF+ and CD68+CMAF+ macrophages. These results suggest that the detection of pSTAT1, RBP-J, and CMAF in the context of CD68 or CD163 expression is a

  14. Macrophage polarisation: an immunohistochemical approach for identifying M1 and M2 macrophages.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barros, Mário Henrique M; Hauck, Franziska; Dreyer, Johannes H; Kempkes, Bettina; Niedobitek, Gerald

    2013-01-01

    Macrophage polarization is increasingly recognised as an important pathogenetic factor in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Proinflammatory M1 macrophages promote T helper (Th) 1 responses and show tumoricidal activity. M2 macrophages contribute to tissue repair and promote Th2 responses. CD68 and CD163 are used to identify macrophages in tissue sections. However, characterisation of polarised macrophages in situ has remained difficult. Macrophage polarisation is regulated by transcription factors, pSTAT1 and RBP-J for M1, and CMAF for M2. We reasoned that double-labelling immunohistochemistry for the detection of macrophage markers together with transcription factors may be suitable to characterise macrophage polarisation in situ. To test this hypothesis, we have studied conditions associated with Th1- and Th2-predominant immune responses: infectious mononucleosis and Crohn's disease for Th1 and allergic nasal polyps, oxyuriasis, wound healing and foreign body granulomas for predominant Th2 response. In all situations, CD163+ cells usually outnumbered CD68+ cells. Moreover, CD163+ cells, usually considered as M2 macrophages, co-expressing pSTAT1 and RBP-J were found in all conditions examined. The numbers of putative M1 macrophages were higher in Th1- than in Th2-associated diseases, while more M2 macrophages were seen in Th2- than in Th1 related disorders. In most Th1-related diseases, the balance of M1 over M2 cells was shifted towards M1 cells, while the reverse was observed for Th2-related conditions. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed two distinct clusters: cluster I included Th1 diseases together with cases with high numbers of CD163+pSTAT1+, CD68+pSTAT1+, CD163+RBP-J+ and CD68+RBP-J+ macrophages; cluster II comprised Th2 conditions together with cases displaying high numbers of CD163+CMAF+ and CD68+CMAF+ macrophages. These results suggest that the detection of pSTAT1, RBP-J, and CMAF in the context of CD68 or CD163 expression is a suitable tool for

  15. IGF-1R mRNA expression is increased in obese children.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ricco, Rafaela Cristina; Ricco, Rubens Garcia; Queluz, Mariangela Carletti; de Paula, Mariana Teresa Sarti; Atique, Patricia Volpon; Custódio, Rodrigo José; Tourinho Filho, Hugo; Del Roio Liberatori, Raphael; Martinelli, Carlos Eduardo

    2018-04-01

    Obese children are often taller than age-matched subjects. Reports on GH and IGF-I levels in obese individuals are controversial, with normal and reduced GH-IGF-I levels having been reported in this group of patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyse insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-IR) mRNA expression in obese children. Forty-seven pre-pubertal children were included in this study: 29 were obese and taller than their target height, and 18 were normal eutrophic controls. Fasting blood samples were collected for IGF-IR mRNA expression in isolated lymphocytes and serum IGF-I, ALS, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-1 concentration analysis. Relative IGF-IR gene expression (2 -ΔΔCT ) was significantly (P=0.025) higher in obese children (median 1.87) than in controls (1.15). Fourteen of the 29 obese subjects showed 2 -ΔΔCT values greater than or equal to 2, while only 2 individuals in the control group showed values above 2 (P=0.01). Obese children showed significantly (P=0.01) higher IGF-I concentrations than the control group (237ng/ml and 144ng/ml, respectively). Among obese patients, 65.5% had IGF-I values above the 75 percentile of the control group (P=0.02). ALS concentration was significantly (P=0.04) higher in the obese group, while IGFBP-3 levels were similar in obese and control children. IGFBP-1 concentration was lower in obese children, while insulin levels and HOMA-IR index were higher than in controls. The higher IGF-IR mRNA expression observed in obese children, associated with the higher IGF-I and ALS and the lower IGFBP-1 levels, suggest that the higher stature observed in these children may be due to increased IGF-I bioactivity. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Análisis de escenarios de cambio climático A1B, A2 y B1 para la reserva forestal protectora bosque oriental de Bogotá años 2040, 2070 y 2095 utilizando MarksimGCM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Johny Roberto Rodríguez Pérez

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El siguiente artículo presenta los resultados y análisis de las condiciones climáticas futuras de temperatura y precipitación para la Reserva Forestal Bosque Protector Cerros Orientales de Bogotá (RFPBOB. Para esto, se simularon los escenarios de cambio climático: A1B, A2 y B1 en los años 2040, 2070 y 2095. La simulación de las condiciones climáticas futuras en la RFPBOB tuvo en cuenta las variables: temperatura y precipitación, descritas bajo escenarios de cambio climático aplicando modelos de circulación general en MarkSimGCM. Se encontró que para todos los escenarios la temperatura aumentará para el año 2095, respecto al periodo de referencia 1960-1990. Los incrementos esperados para cada escenario son: 3,6 °C A1B, 4,3 °C A2, 2,5 °C B1. El escenario más caluroso es el A2, seguido por el A1B y el B1. Para el caso de la precipitación anual la tendencia es hacia el aumento respecto al periodo de referencia en los escenarios A1B y A2, en el escenario B1 la variación no es significativa, 21% A1B, 14,5 % A2, 1 % B1. Producto de la comparación de los resultados encontrados en MarkSimGCM con resultados de estudios previos particularmente realizados por el Instituto de Investigaciones Ambientales (Ideam, se encontraron diferencias particularmente en la precipitación, siendo mucho más bajos los incrementos en la simulación efectuada en esta investigación Para la temperatura, los escenarios realizados por el Ideam coinciden con los discutidos en este estudio. Los escenarios comparados fueron el A1B y el A2.

  17. β-adrenergic-stimulated macrophages: Comprehensive localization in the M1M2 spectrum

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lamkin, Donald M.; Ho, Hsin-Yun; Ong, Tiffany H.; Kawanishi, Carly K.; Stoffers, Victoria L.; Ahlawat, Nivedita; Ma, Jeffrey C.Y.; Arevalo, Jesusa M. G.; Cole, Steve W.; Sloan, Erica K.

    2016-01-01

    β-adrenergic signaling can regulate macrophage involvement in several diseases and often produces anti-inflammatory properties in macrophages, which are similar to M2 properties in a dichotomous M1 vs. M2 macrophage taxonomy. However, it is not clear that β-adrenergic-stimulated macrophages may be classified strictly as M2. In this in vitro study, we utilized recently published criteria and transcriptome-wide bioinformatics methods to map the relative polarity of murine β-adrenergic-stimulated macrophages within a wider M1M2 spectrum. Results show that β-adrenergic-stimulated macrophages did not fit entirely into any one predefined category of the M1M2 spectrum but did express genes that are representative of some M2 side categories. Moreover, transcript origin analysis of genome-wide transcriptional profiles located β-adrenergic-stimulated macrophages firmly on the M2 side of the M1M2 spectrum and found active suppression of M1 side gene transcripts. The signal transduction pathways involved were mapped through blocking experiments and bioinformatics analysis of transcription factor binding motifs. M2-promoting effects were mediated specifically through β2-adrenergic receptors and were associated with CREB, C/EBPβ, and ATF transcription factor pathways but not with established M1M2 STAT pathways. Thus, β-adrenergic-signaling induces a macrophage transcriptome that locates on the M2 side of the M1M2 spectrum but likely accomplishes this effect through a signaling pathway that is atypical for M2-spectrum macrophages. PMID:27485040

  18. Neuropharmacology of Purinergic Receptors in Human Submucous Plexus: Involvement of P2X1, P2X2, P2X3 Channels, P2Y and A3 Metabotropic Receptors in Neurotransmission

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liñán-Rico, A.; Wunderlich, JE.; Enneking, JT.; Tso, DR.; Grants, I.; Williams, KC.; Otey, A.; Michel, K.; Schemann, M.; Needleman, B.; Harzman, A.; Christofi, FL.

    2015-01-01

    Rationale The role of purinergic signaling in the human ENS is not well understood. We sought to further characterize the neuropharmacology of purinergic receptors in human ENS and test the hypothesis that endogenous purines are critical regulators of neurotransmission. Experimental Approach LSCM-Fluo-4-(Ca2+)-imaging of postsynaptic Ca2+ transients (PSCaTs) was used as a reporter of neural activity. Synaptic transmission was evoked by fiber tract electrical stimulation in human SMP surgical preparations. Pharmacological analysis of purinergic signaling was done in 1,556 neurons from 234 separate ganglia 107 patients; immunochemical labeling for P2XRs of neurons in ganglia from 19 patients. Real-time MSORT (Di-8-ANEPPS) imaging was used to test effects of adenosine on fast excitatory synaptic potentials (fEPSPs). Results Synaptic transmission is sensitive to pharmacological manipulations that alter accumulation of extracellular purines. Apyrase blocks PSCaTs in a majority of neurons. An ecto-NTPDase-inhibitor 6-N,N-diethyl-D-β,γ-dibromomethyleneATP or adenosine deaminase augments PSCaTs. Blockade of reuptake/deamination of eADO inhibits PSCaTs. Adenosine inhibits fEPSPs and PSCaTs (IC50=25μM), sensitive to MRS1220-antagonism (A3AR). A P2Y agonist ADPβS inhibits PSCaTs (IC50=111nM) in neurons without stimulatory ADPβS responses (EC50=960nM). ATP or a P2X1,2,2/3 (α,β-MeATP) agonist evokes fast, slow, biphasic Ca2+ transients or Ca2+ oscillations (EC50=400μM). PSCaTs are sensitive to P2X1 antagonist NF279. Low (20nM) or high (5μM) concentrations of P2X antagonist TNP-ATP block PSCaTs in different neurons; proportions of neurons with P2XR-ir follow the order P2X2>P2X1≫P2X3; P2X1+ P2X2 and P2X3+P2X2 are co-localized. RT-PCR identified mRNA-transcripts for P2X1-7,P2Y1,2,12-14R. Responsive neurons were also identified by HuC/D-ir. Conclusions Purines are critical regulators of neurotransmission in the human enteric nervous system. Purinergic signaling involves

  19. El método de máximos y mínimos de Fermat

    OpenAIRE

    Alarcón, Sergio; Suescún, Carlos Mario

    2004-01-01

    El propósito de este trabajo es hacer un estudio detallado de la forma como Fermat explica en el Methodus su método de máximos y mínimos y, mostrar la falta de base de las anacrónicas interpretaciones que han dado algunos estudiosos de su método.

  20. Elastin-derived peptides promote abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by modulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization1

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dale, Matthew A; Xiong, Wanfen; Carson, Jeffrey S; Suh, Melissa K; Karpisek, Andrew D.; Meisinger, Trevor M.; Casale, George P.; Baxter, B. Timothy

    2016-01-01

    Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dynamic vascular disease characterized by inflammatory cell invasion and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Damage to elastin in the ECM results in release of elastin-derived peptides (EDPs), which are chemotactic for inflammatory cells such as monocytes. Their effect on macrophage polarization is less well known. Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages initially are recruited to sites of injury but, if their effects are prolonged, they can lead to chronic inflammation that prevents normal tissue repair. Conversely, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages reduce inflammation and aid in wound healing. Thus, a proper M1/M2 ratio is vital for tissue homeostasis. AAA tissue reveals a high M1/M2 ratio where pro-inflammatory cells and their associated markers dominate. In the present study, in vitro treatment of bone marrow-derived macrophages with EDPs induced M1 macrophage polarization. By using C57Bl/6 mice, antibody-mediated neutralization of EDPs reduced aortic dilation, matrix metalloproteinase activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression at early and late time points after aneurysm induction. Furthermore, direct manipulation of the M1/M2 balance altered aortic dilation. Injection of M2 polarized macrophages reduced aortic dilation after aneurysm induction. EDPs promoted a pro-inflammatory environment in aortic tissue by inducing M1 polarization and neutralization of EDPs attenuated aortic dilation. The M1/M2 imbalance is vital to aneurysm formation. PMID:27183603

  1. Actividad Ribonucleasa en el Látex de Calotropis procera (Aiton W.T. Aiton y Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L. Poit / Ribonuclease Activity in Latex from Calotropis procera (Aiton W.T. Aiton and Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L. Poit

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emma Rueda de Arvelo

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Las enzimas ribonucleasas (RNasas han sido utilizadascon efectividad en el tratamiento de ciertos tipos de cáncer ypueden tener otras propiedades aplicables en biotecnología. Con el objetivo de identificar la presencia de actividad RNasa en el látex de las plantas tropicales Calotropis procera y Pedilanthus tithymaloides se colectaron muestras a partir de plantas adultas ubicadas al norte del estado Aragua, Venezuela. Las proteínas solubles fueron extraídas con acetato de sodio 50 mM pH 5 (16 μL/μgde látex y eliminada la porción poliisoprenoide por centrifugación a 16.000 x g durante 15 min. La actividad RNasa se estimó utilizando una técnica que incluye la aplicación de alícuotas de la mezcla de reacción sobre geles de poliacrilamida-urea y separadaspor electroforesis. La degradación del sustrato fue cuantificada pordensitometría. Se probaron diversos sustratos (ARNttotal, ARNtphe yARNm transcrito in vitro a partir de ADN plasmídico. El látexde ambas especies presentó actividad RNasa, con actividadesespecíficas iniciales de 1,42 ± 0,74 μg de ARN hidrolizado/min/ μg de proteína; 0,45 ± 0,18 ng de ARN hidrolizado/min/ng de proteína y 0,28 ± 0,07 ng de ARN hidrolizado/min/ng de proteínapara el ARNttotal, ARNm transcrito y ARNtphe, respectivamente, en C. procera, y de 0,02 ± 0,001 ng de ARN hidrolizado/min/ng de proteína para el ARNm transcrito y ARNtphe en P. tithymaloides. Este constituye el primer reporte acerca de la presencia de enzimas RNasas en el látex de estas especies. / Ribonuclease enzymes (RNase have been used effectively in the treatment of certain cancers and other properties that may be applicable in biotechnology. In order to identify the RNase activity in the latex of Calotropis procera and Pedilanthus tithymaloides, tropical plants samples were collected from adult plants located in the North State of Aragua, Venezuela. Soluble proteins were extracted with 50 mM sodium acetate pH 5 (16

  2. Orman yangınları açısından riskli yılların güneş leke döngüsüne bağlı olarak önceden tahmin edilebilmesi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yüksek Lisans Uğur Baltacı

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Ülkemizde ve dünya genelinde, bazı yıllar daha çok sayıda ve büyük ölçekte orman yangınları görülmekte iken, bazı yıllarda orman yangını sayısı ve büyüklüğü azalmaktadır. Orman yangını istatistikleri yangın adedi ve yanan alan olarak zamana bağlı grafik haline dönüştürüldüğünde, minimum ve maksimum noktaları farklı sinüzoidal eğriler şeklinde periyodik bir dalgalanma görülmektedir. Bu durum, orman yangınlarının bir dış etkene bağlı olarak artıp azaldığını gösterebilir. Bu çalışmamızda; adet ve alan olarak orman yangınları ile Güneş Leke Döngüsü (Güneş Radyasyon Döngüsü karşılaştırılmış ve aralarında güçlü bir ilişkinin olduğu bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, orman yangını açısından riski yüksek yılların tahmininde kullanılabilecektir. Orman yangınları ile mücadelede orta ve uzun vadeli programlar yapılırken bu tespitlerin göz önünde bulundurulmasının büyük önem arz ettiği düşünülmektedir. Özellikle bütçe planlamaları ve önceden alınacak tedbirler açısından bu öngörülerin dikkate alınması uygun olacaktır.

  3. Modulation by calcineurin of 5-HT3 receptor function in NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma cells

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Boddeke, HWGM; Meigel, [No Value; Boeijinga, P; Arbuckle, J; Docherty, RJ

    1 We have investigated the mechanism of regulation of 5-HT3 receptor channel sensitivity in voltage-clamped (-80 mV) NG108-15 neuroblastoma cells. 2 The 5-HT-induced inward current activated rapidly. The fast onset was followed by a biphasic decay which was characterized by two time constants,

  4. Modulation by calcineurin of 5-HT3receptor function in NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma cells

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Boddeke, H.W.G.M.; Meigel, I.; Boeijinga, P.; Arbuckle, J.; Docherty, R.J.

    1996-01-01

    1. We have investigated the mechanism of regulation of 5-HT3receptor channel sensitivity in voltage-clamped (-80 mV) NG108-15 neuroblastoma cells. 2. The 5-HT-induced inward current activated rapidly. The fast onset was followed by a biphasic decay which was characterized by two time constants,

  5. Resveratrol regulates microglia M1/M2 polarization via PGC-1α in conditions of neuroinflammatory injury.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Xiaodong; Xu, Shaoqing; Qian, Yiwei; Xiao, Qin

    2017-08-01

    Microglia are the primary cells that exert immune function in the central nervous system (CNS), and accumulating evidence suggests that microglia act as key players in the initiation of neurodegenerative diseases. It is now well recognized that microglia have functional plasticity and dual phenotypes, proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Inhibiting the M1 phenotype while stimulating the M2 phenotype has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of neuroinflammation-related diseases. Resveratrol has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing M1 microglia activation. However, the role of resveratrol in regulating microglia polarization and the molecular mechanisms involved have not been fully clarified. In this study, we tested whether resveratrol could suppress microglia activation by promoting microglia polarization toward the M2 phenotype via PGC-1α by measuring M1 and M2 markers in vitro and in vivo. Our study demonstrated that resveratrol reduced inflammatory damage and promoted microglia polarization to the M2 phenotype in LPS-induced neuroinflammation. In addition, resveratrol ameliorated LPS-induced sickness behavior in mice. The promoting effects of resveratrol on M2 polarization were attenuated by knocking down PGC-1α. PGC-1α not only suppressed LPS-evoked M1 marker expression by inhibition of NF-κB activity but also increased M2 marker expression by coactivation of the STAT6 and STAT3 pathways. We propose that overexpression PGC-1α by resveratrol could be a potential therapeutic approach to suppress neuroinflammation by regulating microglia polarization. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Visible light water oxidation using a co-catalyst loaded anatase-structured Ti(1-(5x/4))Nb(x)O(2-y-δ)N(y) compound.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Breault, Tanya M; Brancho, James J; Guo, Ping; Bartlett, Bart M

    2013-08-19

    The photocatalytic activity of anatase-structured Ti(1-(5x/4))Nb(x)O(2-y-δ)N(y) (x = 0.25, y = 0.02; NbN-25) was examined for water oxidation under UV and visible light irradiation. The semiconductor was prepared by sol-gel processing followed by nitridation in flowing ammonia and exhibits an indirect optical gap of 2.2 eV. Ti(1-(5x/4))Nb(x)O(2-y-δ)N(y) was loaded with RuO2 by an impregnation technique, and optimized conditions reveal that 1 wt % RuO2 generates 16 μmol O2 from water with concomitant IO3(-) reduction after 3 h of illumination under simulated solar radiation at a flux of 600 mW/cm(2) illumination, which corresponds to 6-sun AM1.5G illumination (compared to no detectible O2 without the RuO2 cocatalyst). A series of cut-on filters shows that the catalyst-loaded semiconductor evolves O2 for λ ≤ 515 nm, and a gas-phase mass spectrometry isotope labeling experiment shows that irradiating an iodate solution in H2(18)O in the presence of 1 wt % RuO2 loaded on NbN-25 gives rise to catalytic water oxidation: both (36)O2 and (34)O2 are observed. It is unclear whether (16)O arises from IO3(-) or surface reconstruction on the photocatalyst, but ICP-AES analysis of the postirradiated solution shows no dissolved metal ions.

  7. Control of Co content and SOFC cathode performance in Y1-ySr2+yCu3-xCoxO7+δ

    Science.gov (United States)

    Šimo, F.; Payne, J. L.; Demont, A.; Sayers, R.; Li, Ming; Collins, C. M.; Pitcher, M. J.; Claridge, J. B.; Rosseinsky, M. J.

    2014-11-01

    The electrochemical performance of the layered perovskite YSr2Cu3-xCoxO7+δ, a potential solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathode, is improved by increasing the Co content from x = 1.00 to a maximum of x = 1.30. Single phase samples with x > 1.00 are obtained by tuning the Y/Sr ratio, yielding the composition Y1-ySr2+yCu3-xCoxO7+δ (where y ≤ 0.05). The high temperature structure of Y0.95Sr2.05Cu1.7Co1.3O7+δ at 740 °C is characterised by powder neutron diffraction and the potential of this Co-enriched material as a SOFC cathode is investigated by combining AC impedance spectroscopy, four-probe DC conductivity and powder XRD measurements to determine its electrochemical properties along with its thermal stability and compatibility with a range of commercially available electrolytes. The material is shown to be compatible with doped ceria electrolytes at 900 °C.

  8. Los virus Influenza y la nueva pandemia A/H1N1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Talledo

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Los virus Influenza pertenecen a la familia Orthomyxoviridae, virus con genoma RNA de sentido negativo segmentado. Los virus influenza tipo A infectan a humanos y otros organismos, y son los agentes causantes de influenza en humanos. Resaltan entre sus principales proteínas la Hemaglutinina y la Neuraminidasa, que son utilizadas en la clasificación de los miembros de este grupo. Estos virus mutan continuamente, exhibiendo patrones muy estudiados, como el cambio y la deriva antigénica, siendo uno de los principales eventos de recombinación el reordenamiento. Todos los subtipos se encuentran en aves acuáticas silvestres, aunque se han encontrado otros hospederos, como equinos, visones, ballenas, focas, cerdos, gallinas y pavos, entre otros. Tanto las aves salvajes, las aves domésticas y el cerdo juegan un rol fundamental en la adaptación progresiva del virus al hospedero humano. Aunque los subtipos H2N2 y H3N2 han sido muy comunes, el subtipo H1N1 ha reemergido con mutaciones que le han permitido alcanzar el estado de pandemia en 2009. Este nuevo virus surge de un virus generado por triple reordenamiento con el virus humano, porcino norteamericano y aviar, conteniendo a su vez segmentos génicos de virus influenza porcina euroasiática. Esto ha hecho que el virus presente una enfermedad humana moderada y solamente severa y hasta letal en casos de individuos con condiciones médicas previas. A nivel mundial ha causado más de 134,510 casos y en el Perú alcanza cerca de 3,700 casos. El estado actual indica que la pandemia está por llegar a su pico máximo en el Perú, debido a la alta morbilidad del virus coincidente con la estación más fría del año. Es importante contener al máximo la dispersión del virus, ya que cuanto mayor sea el número de personas que infecte, el mismo estará sometido a un mayor número de eventos de recombinación genética por reordenamiento con virus influenza humanos previos y esto puede condicionar a la

  9. Fragilidad y su asociación con mortalidad, hospitalizaciones y dependencia funcional en mexicanos de 60 años o más

    Science.gov (United States)

    de León González, Enrique Díaz; Pérez, Héctor Eloy Tamez; Hermosillo, Hugo Gutiérrez; Rodríguez, Javier Armando Cedillo; Torres, Gabriela

    2016-01-01

    Fundamento y objetivo Determinar la asociación entre fragilidad y mortalidad, dependencia funcional, caídas y hospitalizaciones en el Estudio Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento en México (ENASEM). Sujetos y métodos Estudio prospectivo poblacional en México en el que se seleccionaron sujetos de 60 años o más, que fueron evaluados en las variables de fragilidad durante la primera vuelta del estudio en el año 2001 y que incluyó: dificultad para levantarse de una silla después de haber estado sentado(a) durante largo tiempo, pérdida de peso de 5 kilogramos o más en los últimos dos años y falta de energía. Los sujetos fueron catalogados como robustos, prefrágiles y frágiles cuando tenían cero, una o dos de las características anteriores, respectivamente. La mortalidad, hospitalizaciones, caídas y dependencia funcional fueron evaluadas en la segunda vuelta del estudio en el año 2003. Se calculó el riesgo relativo para cada una de las complicaciones, así como análisis multivariado con regresión de Cox para el caso de mortalidad y regresión logística para el resto. Resultados Los estados de prefragilidad y fragilidad se asociaron independientemente con mortalidad, con índices de riesgo ajustados de 1,61 (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%] 1,01-2,55) y 1,94 (IC 95% 1,20-3,13), respectivamente. Sólo el estado de fragilidad se asoció independientemente con hospitalización y dependencia funcional, con una razón de momios ajustada de 1,53 (IC 95% 1,13-2,07) y 3,07 (IC 95% 1,76-5,34), respectivamente. No hubo asociación entre los estados de prefragilidad y fragilidad con caídas. Conclusión El estado de fragilidad se asocia independientemente con mortalidad, hospitalizaciones y disfuncionalidad en actividades básicas de la vida diaria en los siguientes dos años en población mexicana. PMID:21612803

  10. Effect of Sr substitution on superconductivity in Hg2(Ba1-ySry)2YCu2O8-d (part 1): a neutron powder diffraction study

    OpenAIRE

    Toulemonde, P.; Odier, P.; Bordet, P.; Floch, S. Le; Suard, E.

    2002-01-01

    The effect of Sr chemical pressure on superconductivity was investigated in Hg2(Ba1-ySry)2YCu2O8-d. The samples were synthesized at high pressure-high temperature from y = 0.0 to full substitution, y = 1.0. These Sr-substituted compounds are superconducting, without Ca doping on the Y site, and show an increasing Tc with Sr, reaching 42 K for y = 1.0. A detailed neutron powder diffraction study compares the structural changes induced by this chemical Sr/Ba substitution and the mechanical pres...

  11. Analysis of the Catecholaminergic Phenotype in Human SH-SY5Y and BE(2-M17 Neuroblastoma Cell Lines upon Differentiation.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberta Filograna

    Full Text Available Human cell lines are often used to investigate cellular pathways relevant for physiological or pathological processes or to evaluate cell toxicity or protection induced by different compounds, including potential drugs. In this study, we analyzed and compared the differentiating activities of three agents (retinoic acid, staurosporine and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and BE(2-M17 cell lines; the first cell line is largely used in the field of neuroscience, while the second is still poorly characterized. After evaluating their effects in terms of cell proliferation and morphology, we investigated their catecholaminergic properties by assessing the expression profiles of the major genes involved in catecholamine synthesis and storage and the cellular concentrations of the neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline. Our results demonstrate that the two cell lines possess similar abilities to differentiate and acquire a neuron-like morphology. The most evident effects in SH-SY5Y cells were observed in the presence of staurosporine, while in BE(2-M17 cells, retinoic acid induced the strongest effects. Undifferentiated SH-SY5Y and BE(2-M17 cells are characterized by the production of both NA and DA, but their levels are considerably higher in BE(2-M17 cells. Moreover, the NAergic phenotype appears to be more pronounced in SH-SY5Y cells, while BE(2-M17 cells have a more prominent DAergic phenotype. Finally, the catecholamine concentration strongly increases upon differentiation induced by staurosporine in both cell lines. In conclusion, in this work the catecholaminergic phenotype of the human BE(2-M17 cell line upon differentiation was characterized for the first time. Our data suggest that SH-SY5Y and BE(2-M17 represent two alternative cell models for the neuroscience field.

  12. Analysis of the Catecholaminergic Phenotype in Human SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-M17 Neuroblastoma Cell Lines upon Differentiation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Filograna, Roberta; Civiero, Laura; Ferrari, Vanni; Codolo, Gaia; Greggio, Elisa; Bubacco, Luigi; Beltramini, Mariano; Bisaglia, Marco

    2015-01-01

    Human cell lines are often used to investigate cellular pathways relevant for physiological or pathological processes or to evaluate cell toxicity or protection induced by different compounds, including potential drugs. In this study, we analyzed and compared the differentiating activities of three agents (retinoic acid, staurosporine and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) on the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-M17 cell lines; the first cell line is largely used in the field of neuroscience, while the second is still poorly characterized. After evaluating their effects in terms of cell proliferation and morphology, we investigated their catecholaminergic properties by assessing the expression profiles of the major genes involved in catecholamine synthesis and storage and the cellular concentrations of the neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline. Our results demonstrate that the two cell lines possess similar abilities to differentiate and acquire a neuron-like morphology. The most evident effects in SH-SY5Y cells were observed in the presence of staurosporine, while in BE(2)-M17 cells, retinoic acid induced the strongest effects. Undifferentiated SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-M17 cells are characterized by the production of both NA and DA, but their levels are considerably higher in BE(2)-M17 cells. Moreover, the NAergic phenotype appears to be more pronounced in SH-SY5Y cells, while BE(2)-M17 cells have a more prominent DAergic phenotype. Finally, the catecholamine concentration strongly increases upon differentiation induced by staurosporine in both cell lines. In conclusion, in this work the catecholaminergic phenotype of the human BE(2)-M17 cell line upon differentiation was characterized for the first time. Our data suggest that SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-M17 represent two alternative cell models for the neuroscience field.

  13. Yuánmíng Yuán en el siglo XVIII: Arte entre la diplomacia y la filosofía; entre Europa y Pekín

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Luengo

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio pretende probar que el Yuánmíng Yuán fue diseñado como una representación del macrocosmos imperial a partir de la filosofía de la China de Qianlong. Para ello se valorará la función simbólica de los palacios de estilo europeo a partir de las descripciones de embajadas orientales y occidentales. Esta información se pondrá en relación con las diferentes representaciones pictóricas del jardín, conservadas tanto en grabados o acuarelas como en pinturas murales. A partir de toda esta información se pretende valorar su utilización en las visitas de diferentes legados diplomáticos extranjeros. En concreto, se intenta comprobar que los palacios europeos se utilizaron eminentemente para impresionar a las misiones orientales, y no tanto a las occidentales.

  14. Ligand electronic parameters as a measure of the polarization of the C≡O bond in [M(CO)(x)L(y)]n complexes and of the relative stabilization of [M(CO)(x)L(y)](n/n+1) species.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zobi, Fabio

    2010-11-15

    The electronic description of octahedral (fac-[M(CO)(3)L(3)](n), with M = Re, Ru, and Mn, and [Cr(CO)(5)L](n)), square-planar (cis-[Pt(CO)(2)L(2)](n)), and tetrahedral ([Ni(CO)(3)L](n)) carbonyl complexes (where L = monodentate ligand) was obtained via density functional theory and natural population analyses in order to understand what effects are probed in these species by vibrational spectroscopy and electrochemistry as a function of the ligand electronic parameter of the associated L. The analysis indicates that while ligand electronic parameters may be considered as a measure of the net donor power of the ligand, the net transfer of the electron density (or charge) does not occur from the ligand to the metal ion. In [M(CO)(x)L(y)](n) carbonyl species, the charge transfer occurs from the ligand L to the oxygen atom of the bound carbon monoxides. This charge transfer translates into changes of the polarization (or permanent dipole) and the covalency of the C≡O bonds, and it is this effect that is probed in IR spectroscopy. As the analysis shifts from IR radiations to electrochemical potentials, the parameters best describe the relative thermodynamic stability of the oxidized and reduced [M(CO)(x)L(y)](n/n+1) species. No relationship is found between the metal natural charge of the [M(CO)(x)L(y)](n) fragments analyzed and the parameters. Brief considerations are given on the possible design of CO-releasing molecules.

  15. Papel de los polimorfismos de los genes hemo-oxigenasa 1 y 2 en el riesgo de desarrollo de esclerosis múltiple

    OpenAIRE

    Millán Pascual, Jorge

    2016-01-01

    La esclerosis múltiple (en adelante EM) muestra una susceptibilidad genética conocida desde las primeras descripciones de la enfermedad y, aunque los esfuerzos para desentrañar y comprender las bases genéticas de la enfermedad han sido contínuos, tanto con abordajes poblacionales como moleculares, los resultados son hasta la fecha modestos. La susceptibilidad genética se confirma en hechos incuestionables como la existencia de un riesgo étnico diferente, la agregación familiar y la asimetría ...

  16. Homogeneous immunoassay for human IgG using oriented hen egg IgY immobilized on gold sol nanoparticles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yeritsyan, H.E.; Gasparyan, V.K.

    2012-01-01

    Homogeneous immunoassays using (red) gold nanoparticles represent an attractive detection scheme because of the option of photometric readout. We have applied oriented immobilization of hen egg immunoglobulin Y (IgY) on gold nanoparticles when developing a homogeneous immunoassay for human IgG. In oriented immobilization, as opposed to random immobilization, the antigen binding capabilities of the antibodies are retained. It is shown that such immunoassay has significantly better sensitivity in comparison with methods based on conventional immobilization of affinity-purified antibodies. It is also shown that hen egg IgY is better suited than rabbit antibodies, because much more antibody can be immobilized on gold nanoparticles without any destabilization, probably because of the more acidic nature of these antibodies. In addition, hen egg IgY can be supplied in higher quantity and can be prepared more easily than IgG from rabbits. Bleeding and slaughtering of animals is not needed. The assay presented here has a wide detection range (30-500 ng. mL -1 ) and a limit of detection as low as 30 ng. mL -1 of human IgG. (author)

  17. ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO ENTRE LAS MEDICIONES DE RUIDO AMBIENTAL URBANO A 1,5 m Y 4 m DE ALTURA SOBRE EL NIVEL DEL PISO EN LA CIUDAD DE MEDELLÍN, ANTIOQUIA - COLOMBIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ANA JARAMILLO

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Con la entrada en vigencia de la Resolución 0627 de 2006, reglamentándose la altura de 4m sobre el nivel del piso como estrategia de medición para evaluar los niveles de ruido ambiental, se ha creado una gran controversia entre las entidades ambientales gubernamentales, los académicos y profesionales del sector, sobre las implicaciones económicas, logísticas y operativas para el desarrollo del trabajo de campo. Con el propósito de determinar si mediciones simultáneas de ruido urbano efectuadas a 1,5 m y 4 m representan o no la misma realidad sonora, se realizó un análisis estadístico a un conjunto de datos obtenidos en el marco de la construcción del mapa de ruido del municipio. Después de un análisis de los datos agrupados por punto, por jornada (diurna y nocturna y por tipo de día (hábil y no hábil, se infiere que no es posible afirmar la semejanza entre muestras de ruido tomadas a 1,5 m y 4 m de altura, no sólo por las diferencias numéricas, sino que representan realidades sonoras diferentes.

  18. Enhanced Selectivity and Uptake Capacity of CO2 and Toluene Adsorption in Co0.5 M0.33 MoS4 (M= Sb or Y) Chalcogels by Impregnated Metal Salts

    KAUST Repository

    Edhaim, Fatimah A.; Rothenberger, Alexander

    2017-01-01

    The synthesis of metal chalcogenide aerogels Co0.5M0.33MoS4 (M= Sb or Y) by the sol-gel method is reported. In this system, the building blocks [MoS4]2− chelated with Co2+ and (Sb3+) or (Y3+) salts in nonaqueous solvents forming amorphous networks

  19. Direct laser writing of superconducting patterns of Y1Ba2Cu3O/sub 7-//sub δ/

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gupta, A.; Koren, G.

    1988-01-01

    Direct argon ion laser writing of 40-μm-wide and 3-μm-thick superconducting lines of Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O/sub 7-//sub δ/ on magnesium oxide (MgO) substrate is reported. A 514.5 nm laser beam of 300 mW was focused onto a thin sprayed film of the nitrate precursors (Y:Ba:Cu = 1:2:3) and scanned over it. The laser beam converted oxides along the irradiation path. The film was then ''developed'' by rinsing it in ethanol, which removed the unirradiated areas, but left the irradiated areas intact. This was followed by the standard oven annealing procedure in flowing oxygen. The resistivity of the laser-written lines as a function of temperature showed an onset and completion of the superconducting transition at 82 and 69 K, respectively. The corresponding values of the unpatterned, blanket film were 82 and 77 K, respectively

  20. Differential regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate by co-existing P2Y-purinoceptors and nucleotide receptors on bovine aortic endothelial cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Purkiss, J R; Wilkinson, G F; Boarder, M R

    1994-03-01

    1. We have examined the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) responses in bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells to purines (ATP, ADP and analogues) and the pyrimidine, uridine triphosphate (UTP). 2. Exchange of medium on BAE cells in the absence of agonist was found to be a stimulus for Ins(1,4,5)P3 generation. BAE cells stimulated with 100 microM ATP, 30 microM 2MeSATP (an agonist at P2Y-purinoceptors but not nucleotide receptors) or 100 microM UTP (an agonist at nucleotide receptors but not P2Y-purinoceptors) gave Ins(1,4,5)P3 responses above that caused by exchange of medium. The time course was rapid, with peak response within the first 5 s and levels returning close to basal after 30 s of stimulation. 3. Significant differences in Ins(1,4,5)P3 responses to 100 microM UTP and 30 microM 2MeSATP stimulation were observed. The response to UTP was reproducibly more sustained than that to 2MeSATP. 4. Stimulation of BAE cells with 100 microM UTP plus 30 microM 2MeSATP produced a response statistically indistinguishable from that predicted by addition of the responses to the two agonists in isolation. 5. The Ins(1,4,5)P3 response to UTP was attenuated to 25% of control by pretreatment of BAE cells with pertussis toxin. Responses to 2MeSATP and ADP were essentially unaffected. ATP stimulation was reduced to 65% of control. 6. Activation of protein kinase C with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) profoundly inhibited Ins(1,4,5)P3 responses to 2MeSATP and ADP but had no effect on UTP stimulation. The protein kinase C inhibitor, Ro 31-8220, enhanced responses to 2MeSATP, ADP and ATP but no effect was observed on UTP stimulation. 7. These observations show that nucleotide and P2Y-receptors mobilise the second messenger Ins(1,4,5)P3 by separate routes resulting in different patterns of generation and suggest that while ATP activates both receptors, ADP principally influences these cells by interacting with the P2Y-purinoceptors.

  1. Diagnóstico de virus respiratorios utilizando un sistema automatizado de PCR múltiples (FilmArray y su comparación con métodos convencionales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Débora N Marcone

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Las infecciones respiratorias agudas producen una importante morbimortalidad y comúnmente son causadas por virus. En Argentina, los programas de vigilancia epidemiológica se basan en la detección de antígenos virales por inmunofluorescencia (IF, aunque es bien conocido que los métodos moleculares son más sensibles. El panel respiratorio (PR FilmArray (PR-FilmArray es un equipo comercial automatizado de PCR múltiples que detecta 17 virus respiratorios y 3 bacterias, en un sistema cerrado que requiere 5 min de procesamiento y una 1 h de instrumentación. Se evaluó un total de 315 muestras respiratorias de niños menores de 6 años con infecciones respiratorias agudas por IF para 8 virus respiratorios y por RT-PCR para rinovirus. Posteriormente, estas muestras se estudiaron con el PR-FilmArray. La frecuencia de positividad al considerar los 9 virus estudiados por IF y RT-PCR fue del 75 %; por PR-FilmArray fue del 92 %. El porcentaje de acuerdo positivo entre ambas metodologías fue del 70,5 % y el de acuerdo negativo fue del 99,6 % (intervalo de confianza 95 %: 65,5-75,1 y 99,2-99,8, respectivamente. El PR-FilmArray permitió obtener un mayor diagnóstico positivo (97 % y detectó otros virus, como los coronavirus NL63, 229E, OC43 y HKU1 (10 % y los bocavirus (18 %. Además, permitió identificar coinfecciones múltiples (39 % con 2, 3, 4 y hasta 5 virus. Actualmente, la IF continúa siendo el método más utilizado en los países latinoamericanos para el diagnóstico de virus respiratorios por su bajo costo, por su capacidad para procesar un alto número de muestras simultáneamente y porque los resultados de los virus más frecuentes están disponibles en 5 h. Sin embargo, la futura incorporación de métodos moleculares aumentaría notablemente la capacidad diagnóstica.

  2. Post treatment PSA nadirs support continuing dose escalation study in patients with pretreatment PSA levels >10 ng/ml, but not in those with PSA <10 NG/ML

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Herold, D.H.; Hanlon, A.L.; Movsas, B.; Hanks, G.E.

    1996-01-01

    Purpose: We have recently shown that ICRU reporting point radiation doses above 71 Gy are not associated with improved bNED survival in prostate cancer patients with pretreatment PSA level 20 ng/ml we found a strong correlation between dose and nadir values < 1.0 ng/ml (p=.003) as well as for nadir's < 0.5 ng/ml (p=.04). This dose/nadir effect held at several dose levels, but 74 Gy for nadir values < 1.0 ng/ml and 72 Gy for nadir's < 0.5 ng/ml remained the most significant. 32% of these patients achieved a nadir < 1.0ng/ml and 15% < 0.5ng/ml. Conclusions: This analysis provides strong additional support that patients with pretreatment PSA values of < 10 ng/ml do not benefit from dose escalation beyond an ICRU reporting point dose of 71 Gy. For patients with pretreatment PSA's of 10-19.9 ng/ml there is no dose/nadir response evaluated at a nadir of 1.0 ng/ml; however, there is a borderline effect observed at a nadir of 0.5 ng/ml. Patients with pretreatment PSA's of 20 ng/ml or greater clearly benefit from higher doses as evaluated by PSA nadirs of 1.0 ng/ml, and 0.5 ng/ml. These studies support the continued investigation of dose escalation in treating patients with PSA levels over 10 ng/ml, they do not support continued investigation of dose escalation beyond 71 Gy in patients with pretreatment PSA levels < 10 ng/ml. The failure to demonstrate any dose response for the low PSA group and the finding of only a borderline effect for the intermediate PSA group may be influenced by the relatively small number of patients in our series treated to doses < 70 Gy and the fact that none of our patients were treated to doses below 65.98 Gy. The lower limit of acceptible dose has yet to be defined

  3. NMR study of (Y1-xLax) Mn2X2 (X = Ge, Si) compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ichinose, K.; Nagai, H.; Tsujimura, A.; Oyasato, M.

    1988-01-01

    Nuclear magnetic resonances of 55 Mn and 139 La nuclei in (Y 1-x La x ) Mn 2 X 2 (X = Ge, Si) have been observed at 4.2 K in their ferromagnetic state for 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 1. The hyperfine fields at these nuclei are independent of La concentration. This result shows that Mn moment is almost constant when replacing Y with La

  4. MNK Controls mTORC1:Substrate Association through Regulation of TELO2 Binding with mTORC1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michael C. Brown

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR integrates numerous stimuli and coordinates the adaptive response of many cellular processes. To accomplish this, mTOR associates with distinct co-factors that determine its signaling output. While many of these co-factors are known, in many cases their function and regulation remain opaque. The MAPK-interacting kinase (MNK contributes to rapamycin resistance in cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that MNK sustains mTORC1 activity following rapamycin treatment and contributes to mTORC1 signaling following T cell activation and growth stimuli in cancer cells. We determine that MNK engages with mTORC1, promotes mTORC1 association with the phosphatidyl inositol 3′ kinase-related kinase (PIKK stabilizer, TELO2, and facilitates mTORC1:substrate binding. Moreover, our data suggest that DEPTOR, the endogenous inhibitor of mTOR, opposes mTORC1:substrate association by preventing TELO2:mTORC1 binding. Thus, MNK orchestrates counterbalancing forces that regulate mTORC1 enzymatic activity.

  5. Evaluación del efecto citotóxico de doxiciclina sobre la línea celular CHO-K1

    OpenAIRE

    De Luca, Julio César; Daniele, Marcela; Dade, Martín; Mestorino, Olga Nora

    2013-01-01

    Doxiciclina (DOX) es un antimicrobiano semisintético perteneciente al grupo de las tetraciclinas, muy utilizado en medicina veterinaria en aves de corral y en cerdos, para el tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas del tracto digestivo y respiratorio. Si bien están establecidos los límites máximos de residuos (LMRs) permitidos en tejidos comestibles de origen animal (100 ng/g en músculo, 300 ng/g en hígado y grasa; y 600 ng/g en riñón), los efectos nocivos del antimicrobiano en concentracione...

  6. Electric conductivity of double fluorides in the systems M1F-Th(U)F4(M1=K, Tl) and M2F2-ThF4(M2=Ca, Sr, Ba)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Murin, I.V.; Andreev, A.M.; Amelin, Yu.V.

    1982-01-01

    The temperature dependence of electric conductivity of some double fluorides formed in the systems M 1 F-Th(U)F 4 (M 1 =K, Tl) and M 2 F 2 -ThF 4 (M 2 =Ca, Sr, Ba) as well as UF 3 in a wide temperature range is studied. It is shown that the values of electric conductivity and activation energy of these fluorides depend on the compound structure and cation nature. The temperature electric conductivity dependence for double fluorides with the tysonite structure is close to the lanthanum fluoride dependence. Taking into account low electron electric conductivity component the conclusion is drawn that the investigated compounds can be used as solid electrolytes

  7. E2F1 regulates cellular growth by mTORC1 signaling.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastian Real

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available During cell proliferation, growth must occur to maintain homeostatic cell size. Here we show that E2F1 is capable of inducing growth by regulating mTORC1 activity. The activation of cell growth and mTORC1 by E2F1 is dependent on both E2F1's ability to bind DNA and to regulate gene transcription, demonstrating that a gene induction expression program is required in this process. Unlike E2F1, E2F3 is unable to activate mTORC1, suggesting that growth activity could be restricted to individual E2F members. The effect of E2F1 on the activation of mTORC1 does not depend on Akt. Furthermore, over-expression of TSC2 does not interfere with the effect of E2F1, indicating that the E2F1-induced signal pathway can compensate for the inhibitory effect of TSC2 on Rheb. Immunolocalization studies demonstrate that E2F1 induces the translocation of mTORC1 to the late endosome vesicles, in a mechanism dependent of leucine. E2F1 and leucine, or insulin, together affect the activation of S6K stronger than alone suggesting that they are complementary in activating the signal pathway. From these studies, E2F1 emerges as a key protein that integrates cell division and growth, both of which are essential for cell proliferation.

  8. Personalidad y su relación con el uso versus abuso del teléfono móvil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mª Angustias Olivencia-Carrión

    Full Text Available Resumen Las investigaciones realizadas han confirmado que el uso excesivo del teléfono móvil genera efectos perjudiciales en la salud y en las relaciones sociales. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las variables de personalidad asociadas al uso versus abuso del teléfono móvil. Ciento sesenta y cinco participantes fueron divididos en tres grupos en función del tiempo de uso diario del teléfono móvil, el Grupo 1 usaba el teléfono móvil menos de una hora al día, el Grupo 2 usaba el teléfono móvil menos de dos horas al día, y el Grupo 3 usaba el teléfono móvil más de cuatro horas al día. Los resultados mostraron que el Grupo 3 presentaba puntuaciones bajas en Estabilidad, Atención a las Normas, Perfeccionismo y Autocontrol y puntuaciones altas en Animación y Extraversión y el Grupo 2 presentaba puntuaciones altas en Extraversión y Ansiedad. Se resalta la implicación de la personalidad en la adicción al móvil.

  9. Three-Dimensional Material Properties of Composites with S2-Glass Fibers or Ductile Hybrid Fabric

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-01-13

    5 Figure ence of mat n PU Renca s of 2.81 cm s of 2.54 cm shows all n hat materia ar strength 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 N or m al iz ed St re ng th R es...and 1.91 .). ormalized l thickness d modulus for 3.81 c Value = 3.27 @ Value = 2.91 @ Materia m retrieved not a criti -of-plane st ied the out...h of Materia rocedure is gth (SC-15 ested at 21 strengths of results of M r to the resu terial 5, and tiffness resu low for an 1.91 cm y Sxy SCx

  10. Synthesis and properties of electrically conductive, ductile, extremely long (~50 μm) nanosheets of K(x)CoO2·yH2O.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aksit, Mahmut; Hoselton, Benjamin C; Kim, Ha Jun; Ha, Don-Hyung; Robinson, Richard D

    2013-09-25

    Extremely long, electrically conductive, ductile, free-standing nanosheets of water-stabilized KxCoO2·yH2O are synthesized using the sol-gel and electric-field induced kinetic-demixing (SGKD) process. Room temperature in-plane resistivity of the KxCoO2·yH2O nanosheets is less than ~4.7 mΩ·cm, which corresponds to one of the lowest resistivity values reported for metal oxide nanosheets. The synthesis produces tens of thousands of very high aspect ratio (50,000:50,000:1 = length/width/thickness), millimeter length nanosheets stacked into a macro-scale pellet. Free-standing nanosheets up to ~50 μm long are readily delaminated from the stacked nanosheets. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) studies of the free-standing nanosheets indicate that the delaminated pieces consist of individual nanosheet crystals that are turbostratically stacked. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirm that the nanosheets are stacked in perfect registry along their c-axis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) based statistical analysis show that the average thickness of the nanosheets is ~13 nm. The nanosheets show ductility with a bending radius as small as ~5 nm.

  11. Nano-level determination of copper with atomic absorption spectrometry after pre-concentration on N,N-(4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)diquinoline-2-carboxamide-naphthalene

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rezaei, Behzad, E-mail: rezaei@cc.iut.ac.ir [Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Sadeghi, Elham; Meghdadi, Soraia [Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111 (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

    2009-09-15

    A novel, simple, sensitive and effective method has been developed for selective extraction and pre-concentration of copper on N,N-(4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)diquinoline-2-carboxamide-naphthalene. After pre-concentration, copper was eluted from sorbent with hydrochloric acid, and then flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was used for its determination. The effect of pH, sample flow rate and the volume and concentration of eluent on the recovery of the analyte was investigated and the optimum conditions were established. A pre-concentration factor of 400, and an adsorption capacity of 6.9 mg g{sup -1} of the solid-phase sorbent or 82.8 mg g{sup -1} of ligand was achieved using the optimum conditions. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 1.0-4000 ng mL{sup -1} with the detection limit of 1.0 ng mL{sup -1}. A R.S.D. value of 2.4% was obtained by this method for 400 ng mL{sup -1} of Cu{sup 2+} solution. This procedure has been successfully applied to separate and determine the ultra trace levels of copper in the environmental samples, free from the interference of some diverse ions.

  12. NMR study of Y2(Co1-xFex)14B compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maruyama, F.; Ichinose, K.; Nagai, H.; Adachi, K.; Misawa, M.; Tsujimura, A.

    1992-01-01

    59 Co and 89 Y NMR of Y 2 (Co 1-x Fe x ) 14 B compounds has been measured at 4.2 K. The line positions shift rapidly to higher frequency for x≤0.3 and are almost constant for 0.3 1 and 8j 2 sites give a large contribution to the anisotropy of the 3d sublattice. (orig.)

  13. Avaliação de atividades de controle para enteroparasitos em uma aldeia Kaingáng do Paraná Evaluación de actividades de control para enteroparásitos en una aldea Kaingáng de Paraná, Sur de Brasil Evaluation of enteroparasite control activities in a Kaingáng community of Southern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Max Jean de Ornelas Toledo

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar o estado parasitológico de famílias de comunidade indígena após instituição de medidas de controle para enteroparasitos. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal realizado entre 2004 e 2006 com 447 pessoas da etnia Kaingáng, no município de Cândido de Abreu, PR. As medidas de controle de enteroparasitos foram: melhorias sanitárias em 2003, tratamentos antiparasitários realizados durante o período de estudo e atividades de educação em saúde iniciadas em 2005. Foram obtidos indicadores parasitológicos de saúde em três inquéritos coproparasitológicos em 2004, 2005 e 2006 quando foram coletadas 250, 147 e 126 amostras de fezes, respectivamente. Foram utilizados os métodos de sedimentação espontânea, centrífugo-flutuação e Kato/Katz. As condições de moradia e higiene foram determinadas utilizando-se questionário aplicado a 69 (2004, 57 (2005 e 38 (2006 das 90 famílias. RESULTADOS: As prevalências totais de enteroparasitos de 2004-06 foram, respectivamente: 91,6%, 94,6% e 87,3%, sem redução significativa. A prevalência de algumas espécies reduziu enquanto que a de outras aumentou significativamente. As infecções de alta intensidade por geoelmintos apresentaram taxas menores de 2% no período do estudo. Houve aumento nas taxas de entrevistados que relataram usar o banheiro (pOBJETIVO: Analizar el estado parasicológico de familias de comunidad indígena posterior a la institución de medidas de control para enteroparásitos. MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal realizado entre 2004 y 2006 con 447 personas de la etnia Kaingáng, en el municipio Cândido de Abreu, Sur de Brasil. Las medidas de control de enteroparásitos fueron: mejorías sanitarias iniciadas en 2003, tratamientos antiparasitarios realizados durante el período de estudio y actividades de educación en salud iniciadas en 2005. Fueron obtenidos indicadores parasicológicos de salud en tres pesquisas coproparasitológicas en 2004, 2005 y 2006 cuando

  14. Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Enhances Nerve Growth Factor-Induced Neurite Outgrowth through Mechanotransduction-Mediated ERK1/2-CREB-Trx-1 Signaling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Lu; Feng, Yi; Hu, Hong; Shi, Aiwei; Zhang, Lei; Wan, Mingxi

    2016-12-01

    Enhancing the action of nerve growth factor (NGF) is a potential therapeutic approach to neural regeneration. To facilitate neural regeneration, we investigated whether combining low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and NGF could promote neurite outgrowth, an essential process in neural regeneration. In the present study, PC12 cells were subjected to a combination of LIPUS (1 MHz, 30 or 50 mW/cm 2 , 20% duty cycle and 100-Hz pulse repetition frequency, 10 min every other day) and NGF (50 ng/mL) treatment, and then neurite outgrowth was compared. Our findings indicated that the combined treatment with LIPUS (50 mW/cm 2 ) and NGF (50 ng/mL) promotes neurite outgrowth that is comparable to that achieved by NGF (100 ng/mL) treatment alone. LIPUS significantly increased NGF-induced neurite length, but not neurite branching. These effects were attributed to the enhancing effects of LIPUS on NGF-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and CREB and the expression of thioredoxin (Trx-1). Furthermore, blockage of stretch-activated ion channels with Gd 3+ suppressed the stimulating effects of LIPUS on NGF-induced neurite outgrowth and the downstream signaling activation. Taken together, our findings suggest that LIPUS enhances NGF-induced neurite outgrowth through mechanotransduction-mediated signaling of the ERK1/2-CREB-Trx-1 pathway. The combination of LIPUS and NGF could potentially be used for the treatment of nerve injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Copyright © 2016 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Transformation of Astrocytes to a Neuroprotective Phenotype by Microglia via P2Y1 Receptor Downregulation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Youichi Shinozaki

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Microglia and astrocytes become reactive following traumatic brain injury (TBI. However, the coordination of this reactivity and its relation to pathophysiology are unclear. Here, we show that microglia transform astrocytes into a neuroprotective phenotype via downregulation of the P2Y1 purinergic receptor. TBI initially caused microglial activation in the injury core, followed by reactive astrogliosis in the peri-injured region and formation of a neuroprotective astrocyte scar. Equivalent changes to astrocytes were observed in vitro after injury. This change in astrocyte phenotype resulted from P2Y1 receptor downregulation, mediated by microglia-derived cytokines. In mice, astrocyte-specific P2Y1 receptor overexpression (Astro-P2Y1OE counteracted scar formation, while astrocyte-specific P2Y1 receptor knockdown (Astro-P2Y1KD facilitated scar formation, suggesting critical roles of P2Y1 receptors in the transformation. Astro-P2Y1OE and Astro-P2Y1KD mice showed increased and reduced neuronal damage, respectively. Altogether, our findings indicate that microglia-astrocyte interaction, involving a purinergic signal, is essential for the formation of neuroprotective astrocytes.

  16. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation increases the rate of NG108-15 cell migration via actin depolymerization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kilian, Peter; Campbell, Shirley; Bilodeau, Lyne; Guimond, Marie-Odile; Roberge, Claude; Gallo-Payet, Nicole; Payet, Marcel Daniel

    2008-06-01

    Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been reported to induce migration in neuronal cell types. Using time-lapse microscopy, we show here that Ang II induces acceleration in NG108-15 cell migration. This effect was antagonized by PD123319, a selective AT2 receptor antagonist, but not by DUP753, a selective AT1 receptor antagonist, and was mimicked by the specific AT2 receptor agonist CGP42112. This Ang II-induced acceleration was not sensitive to the inhibition of previously described signaling pathways of the AT2 receptor, guanylyl cyclase/cyclic GMP or p42/p44 mapk cascades, but was abolished by pertussis toxin treatment and involved PP2A activation. Immunofluorescence studies indicate that Ang II or CGP42112 decreased the amount of filamentous actin at the leading edge of the cells. This decrease was accompanied by a concomitant increase in globular actin levels. Regulation of actin turnover in actin-based motile systems is known to be mainly under the control of the actin depolymerizing factor and cofilin. Basal migration speed decreased by 77.2% in cofilin-1 small interfering RNA-transfected NG108-15 cells, along with suppression of the effect of Ang II. In addition, the Ang II-induced increase in cell velocity was abrogated in serum-free medium as well as by genistein or okadaic acid treatment in a serum-containing medium. Such results indicate that the AT2 receptor increases the migration speed of NG108-15 cells and involves a tyrosine kinase activity, followed by phosphatase activation, which may be of the PP2A type. Therefore, the present study identifies actin depolymerization and cofilin as new targets of AT2 receptor action, in the context of cellular migration.

  17. Hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination in Sm2Fe16M (M=Al, Ga and Si) and magnetic properties of their carburized powders

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kubis, M.; Rave, W.; Cao, L.; Gebel, B.; Mueller, K.-H.; Schultz, L.

    1998-01-01

    The application of the hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination (HDDR) process in Sm 2 Fe 16 M (M=Al,Ga and Si) was investigated. The hydrogen absorption behaviour was studied by temperature-pressure analysis (TPA). In the temperature range between 500 and 800 C, Sm 2 Fe 16 M samples with M=Ga and Si show a weaker hydrogen absorption than Sm 2 Fe 16 Al. This was confirmed by X-ray diffraction which showed a complete disproportionation of Sm 2 Fe 16 Al into SmH z (1.9 2 Fe 16 Ga and Sm 2 Fe 16 Si exhibit a fraction of undecomposed material with the Th 2 Zn 17 -type structure after the disproportionation procedure. These results point to a stabilization of Sm 2 Fe 16 M against disproportionation by hydrogen for M=Ga and Si. The magnetization processes of carburized HDDR powders were studied by VSM measurements and Kerr microscopy. The demagnetization curve of our HDDR processed Sm 2 Fe 16 AlC y is well shaped, whereas those of Sm 2 Fe 16 GaC y and Sm 2 Fe 16 SiC y show a large decrease of the polarization at low fields. The favourable behaviour of Sm 2 Fe 16 AlC y is due to a homogeneous submicron grain structure. In Sm 2 Fe 16 GaC y and Sm 2 Fe 16 SiC y samples, an additional, magnetically soft phase with larger domains was observed which causes the low coercivity. As a consequence, HDDR was only favourable for the preparation of Sm 2 Fe 16 MC y hard magnets with M=Al but not for M=Ga and Si. Optimization of the HDDR process in Sm 2 Fe 16 Al and subsequent nitrogenation or carburization led to coercivities of μ 0j H c =2.9 and 2.5 T, respectively. (orig.)

  18. La música y la personalidad: factores sociodemográficos y culturales relacionados

    OpenAIRE

    Patricia Martínez; Hugo Torres

    2011-01-01

    El presente trabajo examina la relación entre la música y su elección como vocación profesional y factores de personalidad, culturales y sociodemográficos. Participaron 86 sujetos de distintas áreas de estudio (Música, Psicología, Ingeniería y Medicina). En todas las áreas de medición (depresión, tendencia suicida, ansiedad, paranoia, obsesivo-compulsivo, esquizofrenia y adicciones), los estudiantes de música mostraron ser más propensos por cerca de 10% de superioridad sobre los demás estudia...

  19. OBSERVED VARIABILITY AT 1 and 4 μ m IN THE Y0 BROWN DWARF WISEP J173835.52+273258.9

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leggett, S. K.; Cushing, Michael C.; Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K.; Trucks, Jesica L.; Marley, M. S.; Morley, Caroline V.; Fortney, J. J.; Saumon, D.; Carey, S. J.; Gelino, C. R.; Kirkpatrick, J. D.; Gizis, J. E.; Mace, G. N.

    2016-01-01

    We have monitored photometrically the Y0 brown dwarf WISEP J173835.52+273258.9 (W1738) at both near- and mid-infrared wavelengths. This ≲1 Gyr old 400 K dwarf is at a distance of 8 pc and has a mass around 5 M Jupiter . We observed W1738 using two near-infrared filters at λ ≈ 1 μ m, Y and J , on Gemini Observatory and two mid-infrared filters at λ ≈ 4 μ m, [3.6] and [4.5], on the Spitzer observatory. Twenty-four hours were spent on the source by Spitzer on each of 2013 June 30 and October 30 UT. Between these observations, around 5 hr were spent on the source by Gemini on each of 2013 July 17 and August 23 UT. The mid-infrared light curves show significant evolution between the two observations separated by 4 months. We find that a double sinusoid can be fit to the [4.5] data, where one sinusoid has a period of 6.0 ± 0.1 hr and the other a period of 3.0 ± 0.1 hr. The near-infrared observations suggest variability with a ∼3.0 hr period, although only at a ≲2 σ confidence level. We interpret our results as showing that the Y dwarf has a 6.0 ± 0.1 hr rotation period, with one or more large-scale surface features being the source of variability. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the light curve at [4.5] is 3%. The amplitude of the near-infrared variability, if real, may be as high as 5%–30%. Intriguingly, this size of variability and the wavelength dependence can be reproduced by atmospheric models that include patchy KCl and Na 2 S clouds and associated small changes in surface temperature. The small number of large features, as well as the timescale for evolution of the features, is very similar to what is seen in the atmospheres of the solar system gas giants.

  20. OBSERVED VARIABILITY AT 1 and 4 μ m IN THE Y0 BROWN DWARF WISEP J173835.52+273258.9

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Leggett, S. K. [Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Center, 670 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720 (United States); Cushing, Michael C.; Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K.; Trucks, Jesica L. [The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Mailstop 111, Toledo, OH 43606 (United States); Marley, M. S. [NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 (United States); Morley, Caroline V.; Fortney, J. J. [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (United States); Saumon, D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (United States); Carey, S. J. [Spitzer Science Center, CalTech, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Gelino, C. R.; Kirkpatrick, J. D. [IPAC, CalTech, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Gizis, J. E. [University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 (United States); Mace, G. N., E-mail: sleggett@gemini.edu [University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 (United States)

    2016-10-20

    We have monitored photometrically the Y0 brown dwarf WISEP J173835.52+273258.9 (W1738) at both near- and mid-infrared wavelengths. This ≲1 Gyr old 400 K dwarf is at a distance of 8 pc and has a mass around 5 M {sub Jupiter}. We observed W1738 using two near-infrared filters at λ ≈ 1 μ m, Y and J , on Gemini Observatory and two mid-infrared filters at λ ≈ 4 μ m, [3.6] and [4.5], on the Spitzer observatory. Twenty-four hours were spent on the source by Spitzer on each of 2013 June 30 and October 30 UT. Between these observations, around 5 hr were spent on the source by Gemini on each of 2013 July 17 and August 23 UT. The mid-infrared light curves show significant evolution between the two observations separated by 4 months. We find that a double sinusoid can be fit to the [4.5] data, where one sinusoid has a period of 6.0 ± 0.1 hr and the other a period of 3.0 ± 0.1 hr. The near-infrared observations suggest variability with a ∼3.0 hr period, although only at a ≲2 σ confidence level. We interpret our results as showing that the Y dwarf has a 6.0 ± 0.1 hr rotation period, with one or more large-scale surface features being the source of variability. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the light curve at [4.5] is 3%. The amplitude of the near-infrared variability, if real, may be as high as 5%–30%. Intriguingly, this size of variability and the wavelength dependence can be reproduced by atmospheric models that include patchy KCl and Na{sub 2}S clouds and associated small changes in surface temperature. The small number of large features, as well as the timescale for evolution of the features, is very similar to what is seen in the atmospheres of the solar system gas giants.

  1. Expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor 1 (AHR1), AHR1 nuclear translocator 1 (ARNT1) and CYP1 family monooxygenase mRNAs and their activity in chicken ovarian follicles following in vitro exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Antos, Piotr A; Błachuta, Małgorzata; Hrabia, Anna; Grzegorzewska, Agnieszka K; Sechman, Andrzej

    2015-09-02

    The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of TCDD and luteinizing hormone (LH) on mRNA expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor 1 (AHR1), AHR1 nuclear translocator 1 (ARNT1), and the CYP1 family monooxygenases (CYP1A4, CYP1A5, CYP1B1), and to assess the basal and TCDD-induced activity of these enzymes in chicken ovarian follicles. White (WF) and yellowish (YF) prehierarchical follicles and fragments of the theca (TL) and granulosa (GL) layers of the 3 largest preovulatory follicles (F3-F1) were exposed to TCDD (10nM), ovine LH (oLH; 10ng/mL) or a combination of TCDD (10nM) and oLH (10ng/mL), and increasing doses of TCDD (0.01-100nM). AHR1 and ARNT1 mRNA transcripts were found in all examined follicles. The effect of TCDD and oLH on AHR1 and ARNT1 mRNA expression depended on the maturational state of the follicle. CYP1A4 was predominantly expressed in the GL of the F3-F1 follicles; in comparison with the WF, a higher level of CYP1A5 mRNA was found both in the GL and TL of F3-F1 follicles. Alternatively, the highest level of CYP1B1 mRNA was noticed in the WF follicles. In different developmental stages of the follicle TCDD and oLH induced a different CYP1 isoform. TCDD increased EROD and MROD activities in all the investigated ovarian follicles. In conclusion, AHR1 and ARNT1 mRNA expression indicate that the chicken ovary is a target tissue for dioxin and dioxin-like compounds. The expression of CYP1-family genes and TCDD-inducible EROD and MROD activities in ovarian follicles suggest the possibility of xenobiotic detoxification in the chicken ovary. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Guanidine-acylguanidine bioisosteric approach in the design of radioligands: synthesis of a tritium-labeled N(G)-propionylargininamide ([3H]-UR-MK114) as a highly potent and selective neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Keller, Max; Pop, Nathalie; Hutzler, Christoph; Beck-Sickinger, Annette G; Bernhardt, Günther; Buschauer, Armin

    2008-12-25

    Synthesis and characterization of (R)-N(alpha)-(2,2-diphenylacetyl)-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-N(omega)-([2,3-(3)H]-propanoyl)argininamide ([(3)H]-UR-MK114), an easily accessible tritium-labeled NPY Y(1) receptor (Y(1)R) antagonist (K(B): 0.8 nM, calcium assay, HEL cells) derived from the (R)-argininamide BIBP 3226, is reported. The radioligand binds with high affinity (K(D), saturation: 1.2 nM, kinetic experiments: 1.1 nM, SK-N-MC cells) and selectivity for Y(1)R over Y(2), Y(4), and Y(5) receptors. The title compound is a useful pharmacological tool for the determination of Y(1)R ligand affinities, quantification of Y(1)R binding sites, and autoradiography.

  3. The Prostate Health Index in predicting initial prostate biopsy outcomes in Asian men with prostate-specific antigen levels of 4-10 ng/mL.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ng, C F; Chiu, Peter K F; Lam, N Y; Lam, H C; Lee, Kim W M; Hou, Simon S M

    2014-04-01

    To investigate the role of the Prostate Health Index (phi) in prostate cancer (PCa) detection in patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 4-10 ng/mL receiving their first prostatic biopsy in an Asian population. This was a retrospective study of archived serum samples from patients enlisted in our tissue bank. Patients over 50 years old, with PSA level of 4-10 ng/mL, a negative digital rectal examination, and received their first prostatic biopsy between April 2008 and April 2013, were recruited. The serum sample collected before biopsy was retrieved for the measurement of various PSA derivatives and the phi value was calculated for each patient. The performance of these parameters in predicting the prostatic biopsy results was assessed. Two hundred and thirty consecutive patients, with 21 (9.13 %) diagnosed with PCa, were recruited for this study. Statistically significant differences between PCa patients and non-PCa patients were found for total PSA, PSA density, [-2]proPSA (p2PSA), free-to-total PSA ratio (%fPSA), p2PSA-to-free PSA ratio (%p2PSA), and phi. The areas under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve for total PSA, PSA density, %fPSA, %p2PSA, and phi were 0.547, 0.634, 0.654, 0.768, and 0.781, respectively. The phi was the best predictor of the prostatic biopsies results. At a sensitivity of 90 %, the use of the phi could have avoided unnecessary biopsies in 104 (45.2 %) patients. Use of the phi could improve the accuracy of PCa detection in patients with an elevated PSA level and thus avoid unnecessary prostatic biopsies.

  4. Stability Constants of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Transition Metal(II Ions with N-(2-Hydroxy-1-naphthylidene-2,6-diisopropylaniline as Primary Ligand and N-(2-Hydroxybenzylidene-2,3-dimethylaniline as Secondary Ligand

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. K. Mapari

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Binary and ternary complexes of the type M-Y and M-X-Y [M = Co(II, Ni(II, Cu(II and Zn(II; X = N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene-2,6-diisopropylaniline and Y = N-(2-hydroxybenzylidene-2,3-dimethylaniline] have been examined pH-metrically at 27±0.5 °C and µ = 0.1 M in 75: 25% (v/v 1,4-dioxne-water medium. The logarithms of the values of stability constants for binary (M-Y and for ternary (M-X-Y systems were calculated.

  5. Caracterización física y química de la nuez y el aceite de nueve variedades de Macadamia integrifolia, M. tetraphylla e híbridos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elia N. Aquino-Bolaños

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available La especie Macadamia pertenece a la familia Proteacea , y las únicas especies de interés comercial son M. integrifolia y M. tetraphylla . Existe una cr eciente demanda de las nueces debido a su alto valor nutrimental y funcional ya que numerosos estudios han demostrado los efectos protectores de su consumo disminuyendo el riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares. Sin embargo, hay una alta variabili dad en la calidad de la nuez y sus productos derivados. Método . En la nuez se registraron los parámetros de color L*, a* y b* y se analizó humedad, azúcares, polifenoles y actividad antioxidante. En el aceite se evaluó humedad, índice de saponificación, ín dice de ácidos grasos libres (AGL e índice de peróxido (IP. Resultados . La humedad de la nuez contrastó entre variedades (22.9 a 40.6 g 100 g - 1 , contrario a los parámetros de color que fueron similares (L*= 60.2 a 68.8. La variedad Victoria por su mayo r contenido de azúcares (57.5 mg glucosa g - 1 podría destinarse para consumo en fresco. UCLA y Huatusco presentaron el mayor contenido de polifenoles (>1.2 mg EAG g - 1 y actividad antioxidante (>7.0 μmol Eq. trolox g - 1 . El aceite presentó baja hum edad (≤0.22% y de AGL; además, el IP fue inferior al límite permitido para aceites vegetales vírgenes (15 m Eq. O 2 kg - 1 . Conclusión . De acuerdo con las características físico - químicas de la nuez y aceite de las distintas variedades se recomienda usos di ferenciados preferentemente en la industria alimentaria.

  6. Prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en médicos y enfermeras del Perú, ENSUSALUD 2014

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús Maticorena-Quevedo

    Full Text Available RESUMEN Objetivos Estimar la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout(SB en los médicos y enfermeras del Perú en el año 2014, según los diferentes puntos de corte establecidos en la literatura. Materiales y métodos Estudio transversal y descriptivo basado en la Encuesta Nacional de Satisfacción de Usuarios en Salud del año 2014 (ENSUSALUD-2014 que cuenta con un muestreo probabilístico bietápico. El SB fue identificado mediante el Maslach Burnout Inventory -Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS utilizando diferentes puntos de corte para establecer su prevalencia: valores predeterminados, terciles y cuartiles. Resultados De los 5062 profesionales de salud, 62,3% eran mujeres, 44,0% eran médicos, 46,0% pertenecían al MINSA y 23,1% laboraban en Lima. Se obtuvo una prevalencia global del SB de 2,8% (IC95%: 2,19-3,45 usando valores predeterminados; 7,9% (IC95%: 6,93-8,95 para puntos de corte según cuartiles; y 12,5% (IC95%:11,29-13,77 usando terciles. La prevalencia es mayor en médicos que en enfermeras, independientemente del punto de corte usado (3,7% vs 2,1% en valores predeterminados; 10,2 vs 6,1% con cuartiles, y 16,2 vs 9,5% mediante terciles. Conclusiones La prevalencia del síndrome en personal sanitario es distinta en una misma población, según se utilicen los distintos puntos de corte descritos. Se recomienda el uso de los valores predeterminados por el creador del instrumento, hasta obtener puntos específicos para nuestro país.

  7. Desarrollo y validación de un método espectrofluorométrico para la determinación de furosemida en formas farmacéuticas sólidas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés León

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available The aims of this work is to develop and validate an alternative analytic method by spectrofluorometry for the quality control of Furosemide in solid pharmaceutical forms based on the native fluorescence of the molecule in acidic medium (λExc.= 280nm and λEmi.= 410nm. This method allows to determine Furosemide in a buffer solution of potassium chloride-hydrochloric acid 50 mM (pH 2.0 in a range of 1.45x10-7 to 1.51x10-5 mol L-1 (4.5 to 5000 ng mL-1, with an estimated detection limit of 4.84x10-8 -mol L-1 (1.5 ng mL-1. The proposed method offers, as competitive advantages comparing to the official method reported in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP 29, its simplicity, low cost and frequency of analysis, around 20 samples per hour

  8. CYP1A1 m1 and m2 polymorphisms: genetic susceptibility to lung cancer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Mota

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Lung cancer is considered an environment-related disease that develops as a consequence of exposure to mutagenic agents, namely those present in tobacco. The CYP1A1 gene codifies the phase I enzyme aryl hydrocarbon hydroxilase (AHH belonging to the cytochrome P450 system that plays a major role in the bio-activation of tobacco procarcinogenes. Two CYP1A1 polymorphisms, m1 (T6235C transition and m2 (A4889G transition, are associated with greater enzymatic activity and have been described as genetic susceptibility factors for lung cancer.The aim of this study was to verify if this association holds true in blood samples of 175 lung cancer patients and 217 non-cancer patients from Portugal's midlands region. The samples were studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP assay.The allelic frequencies of the mutant alleles were 0.12 for allele C and 1.14 for allele G in the control population. The results were not statistically different from those alleles in the patient population. There was also no statistically significant difference in genotype distribution in lung cancer patients and controls even when combining high risk genotypes. In our control sample, as in other populations of different ethnic origin, both polymorphisms also seem to be in linkage disequilibrium. We conclude that in this sample of the Portuguese population, CYP1A1 m1 and m2 polymorphisms are too rare to be of clinical relevance, and do not seem to be associated with susceptibility to lung cancer. Resumo: O cancro do pulmão é considerado uma doença relacionada com o meio ambiente, consequência da exposição a agentes mutagénicos, nomeadamente os presentes no fumo do tabaco. O gene CYP1A1 codifica a enzima aril hidrocarboneto hidroxilase (AHH, da fase I, do sistema multienzimático do citocromo P450, que desempenha uma função preponderante na bioactivação dos procarcinogénios do tabaco. Dois polimorfismos do CYP1A1, m1 (transi

  9. Differential S1P Receptor Profiles on M1- and M2-Polarized Macrophages Affect Macrophage Cytokine Production and Migration.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Müller, Jan; von Bernstorff, Wolfram; Heidecke, Claus-Dieter; Schulze, Tobias

    2017-01-01

    Introduction . Macrophages are key players in complex biological processes. In response to environmental signals, macrophages undergo polarization towards a proinflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lysophospholipid that acts via 5 G-protein coupled receptors (S1P 1-5 ) in order to influence a broad spectrum of biological processes. This study assesses S1P receptor expression on macrophages before and after M1 and M2 polarization and performs a comparative analysis of S1P signalling in the two activational states of macrophages. Methods . Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) from C57 BL/6 mice were cultured under either M1- or M2-polarizing conditions. S1P-receptor expression was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Influence of S1P on macrophage activation, migration, phagocytosis, and cytokine secretion was assessed in vitro. Results . All 5 S1P receptor subclasses were expressed in macrophages. Culture under both M1- and M2-polarizing conditions led to significant downregulation of S1P 1 . In contrast, M1-polarized macrophages significantly downregulated S1P 4 . The expression of the remaining three S1P receptors did not change. S1P increased expression of iNOS under M2-polarizing conditions. Furthermore, S1P induced chemotaxis in M1 macrophages and changed cytokine production in M2 macrophages. Phagocytosis was not affected by S1P-signalling. Discussion . The expression of different specific S1P receptor profiles may provide a possibility to selectively influence M1- or M2-polarized macrophages.

  10. Genotipificación de Plasmodium falciparum por PCR múltiple por medio de los genes msp1, msp2 y glurp, en cuatro localidades de Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra Milena Barrera

    2010-12-01

    Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados demuestran que el marcador molecular msp1 no proporciona información útil para diferenciar las poblaciones parasitarias de P. falciparum. El gen msp2 es apropiado para evaluar la diversidad genética, pero requiere ensayos más finos que permitan diferenciar claramente el polimorfismo de tamaño en las dos familias. Los resultados obtenidos con el gen glurp evidenciaron una gran diversidad genética en las poblaciones de P. falciparum que circulan en el país y sugieren que este gen puede ser útil para diferenciar nuevas infecciones de infecciones recurrentes o recrudecimientos.

  11. Y2O3:Yb,Er@mSiO2-CuxS double-shelled hollow spheres for enhanced chemo-/photothermal anti-cancer therapy and dual-modal imaging

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Dan; Yang, Guixin; Wang, Xingmei; Lv, Ruichan; Gai, Shili; He, Fei; Gulzar, Arif; Yang, Piaoping

    2015-07-01

    Multifunctional composites have gained significant interest due to their unique properties which show potential in biological imaging and therapeutics. However, the design of an efficient combination of multiple diagnostic and therapeutic modes is still a challenge. In this contribution, Y2O3:Yb,Er@mSiO2 double-shelled hollow spheres (DSHSs) with up-conversion fluorescence have been successfully prepared through a facile integrated sacrifice template method, followed by a calcination process. It is found that the double-shelled structure with large specific surface area and uniform shape is composed of an inner shell of luminescent Y2O3:Yb,Er and an outer mesoporous silica shell. Ultra small CuxS nanoparticles (about 2.5 nm) served as photothermal agents, and a chemotherapeutic agent (doxorubicin, DOX) was then attached onto the surface of mesoporous silica, forming a DOX-DSHS-CuxS composite. The composite exhibits high anti-cancer efficacy due to the synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT) induced by the attached CuxS nanoparticles and the enhanced chemotherapy promoted by the heat from the CuxS-based PTT when irradiated by 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) light. Moreover, the composite shows excellent in vitro and in vivo X-ray computed tomography (CT) and up-conversion fluorescence (UCL) imaging properties owing to the doped rare earth ions, thus making it possible to achieve the target of imaging-guided synergistic therapy.Multifunctional composites have gained significant interest due to their unique properties which show potential in biological imaging and therapeutics. However, the design of an efficient combination of multiple diagnostic and therapeutic modes is still a challenge. In this contribution, Y2O3:Yb,Er@mSiO2 double-shelled hollow spheres (DSHSs) with up-conversion fluorescence have been successfully prepared through a facile integrated sacrifice template method, followed by a calcination process. It is found that the double-shelled structure with large

  12. Electrical resistivity and thermopower of Y1-xPrxCo2 Compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Uchima, K; Takaesu, Y; Teruya, A; Akamine, H; Kakihana, M; Tomori, K; Uejo, T; Nakamura, A; Hedo, M; Nakama, T; Yagasaki, K; Burkov, A T

    2015-01-01

    Electrical resistivity ρ and thermopower S of the pseudo-binary compounds of Y 1-x Pr x Co 2 have been measured in the temperature range between 2 and 300 K under magnetic fields up to 10 T, together with the pressure measurements of ρ and S in Y 0.4 Pr 0.6 Co 2 . The Curie temperature decreases with decreasing x, and vanishes at the critical composition x c ≈ 0.4, where the residual resistivity attains a maximum value. The Curie temperature and the residual resistivity of Y 0.4 Pr 0.6 Co 2 show the same pressure dependence as those of the heavy-rare-earth based compounds. These behaviors of ρ and S indicate the inhomogeneous distribution of the Co 3d magnetization. The magnetoresistance of the light-rare earth Y 1-x Pr x Co 2 system is negative in the whole range of x, except for x = 0 and 1, which is a characteristic behavior related with magnetic state and magnitude of the effective field acting on the Co 3d subsystem

  13. Phase stability predictions of Cr1−x, Mx)2(Al1y, Ay)(C1−z, Xz) (M = Ti, Hf, Zr; A = Si, X = B)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shang, Lin; Music, Denis; Baben, Moritz to; Schneider, Jochen M

    2014-01-01

    The phase stability of (Cr 1−x , M x ) 2 (Al 1y , A y )(C 1−z , X z ) (M = Ti, Hf, Zr; A = Si, X = B, space group P6 3 /mmc, prototype Cr 2 AlC) was studied using ab initio calculations. Based on the energy of mixing data as well as the density of states (DOS) analysis, (Cr 1−x , Zr x ) 2 AlC and (Cr 1−x , Hf x ) 2 AlC are predicted to be unstable, whereas (Cr 1−x , Ti x ) 2 AlC, Cr 2 (Al 1y , Si y )C and Cr 2 Al(C 1−z , B z ) are predicted to be stable or metastable. The density of states analysis reveals that small differences in the position of the Fermi level alters the phase stability: (Cr 1−x , Zr x ) 2 AlC and (Cr 1−x , Hf x ) 2 AlC are predicted to be unstable or metastable as the Fermi level lies at a peak position. While the Cr dominated DOS for (Cr 1−x , Ti x ) 2 AlC plateaus at the Fermi level indicating stability. Implications of these results for the vapour phase condensation of self-healing Cr 2 AlC based materials are discussed. (paper)

  14. Synthesis and characterization of perovskite-type La1-yCayMn1-xB″xO3±δ nanomaterials (B″ = Ni, Fe; x = 0.2, 0.5; y = 0.4, 0.25)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Franke, Daniela; Trots, Dmytro; Vasylechko, Leonid; Vashook, Vladimir; Guth, Ulrich

    2018-02-01

    Perovskite-type nanomaterials of the compositions La1-yCayMn1-xB″xO3±δ with B'' = Ni, Fe; x = 0.2, 0.5 and y = 0.4, 0.25 were prepared using two different preparation routes (synthesis by precipitation and the PVA/sucrose method) at 500 °C-700 °C. The calcined products of the syntheses were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and physisorption measurements. The materials from the PVA/sucrose method contain particles with diameters from 33 nm to 48 nm, generate specific surface areas up to 33 m2/g and form pure compared to 45 nm-93 nm and up to 18 m2/g from precipitation method which contain a significant amount of sodium ions. The agglomeration process was analyzed for one nanomaterial (B'' = Fe, x = 0.2, y = 0.4) from the PVA/sucrose method using temperature dependent XRD showing only a slight growth (4.3%) of nanoparticles at 600 °C. The materials from the PVA/sucrose method turned out to be more suitable as electrode materials in electrochemical applications (SOFC, sensors) because of smaller particle sizes, higher specific surface areas and purity.

  15. Magnetic tri-axial orientation in (Y1-xErx)2Ba4Cu7O15-y superconductors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Horii, S.; Okuhira, S.; Yamaki, M.; Haruta, M.; Maeda, T.; Shimoyama, J.

    2011-01-01

    (Y 1-x Er x ) 2 Ba 4 Cu 7 O 15-y [(Y,Er)247] was synthesized for clarifying a magnetic role of Er ion. The three magnetization axes of (Y,Er)247 were obtained from tri-axial orientation using a modulated rotation magnetic field. Magnetic anisotropy of Er ion is roughly ten times higher than that for Y247 at room temperature. Importance of rare-earth ions was shown for reduction of required magnetic fields in the tri-axial magnetic orientation. We report the tri-axial grain-orientation effects under a modulated rotation magnetic field for (Y 1-x Er x ) 2 Ba 4 Cu 7 O y [(Y, Er)247]. The magnetic easy axis at room temperature was drastically changed around x ∼ 0.1; however, the Er-doping levels for the conversion of magnetic easy axes from the c-axis to the ab-direction and from the a- to b-axes were quite different. Tri-axial single-ion magnetic anisotropy of Er 3+ was roughly 10 times greater than tri-axial magnetic anisotropy generated by both the superconducting CuO 2 plane and the blocking Cu-O chain layer. An appropriate choice of rare-earth (RE) ions in RE-based cuprate superconductors enables the reduction of the required magnetic field for the production of bulks and thick films based on the magnetic orientation technique.

  16. Dispositivos móviles y servicios web. Características sociales y comunicativas de su convergencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Javier Ruíz del Olmo

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available La convergencia entre los dispositivos móviles y los servicios de la red Internet, aunque prevista, teorizada y resuelta técnicamente desde finales del siglo pasado, se ha venido retrasando por diversas causas hasta, bruscamente, acelerarse y consolidarse irremediablemente a partir de finales del año 2007. Aspectos comerciales, con la entrada de nuevos actores y estrategias al mundo de la comunicación telefónica; de uso y necesidad social, como la comunicación audiovisual personalizada; o de la utilización popular de nuevas aplicaciones red, como la localización geográfica, por ejemplo, coadyuvan a ello. Sin embargo, aún compartiendo muchos aspectos comunicativos y técnicos con la denominada web 2.0, los dispositivos móviles y su uso personalizado, contextual y ubicuo poseen especificidades comunicativas que apenas se empiezan a apuntar en estos nuevos usos cotidianos.

  17. Aterosclerosis subclínica y perfil metabólico en mujeres asintomáticas de edad media, con TSH ≥ 2,5 uUI/mL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosa M. Pando-Álvarez

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available El hipotiroidismo subclínico puede contribuir al desarrollo de patologías cardiovasculares y se ha demostrado que a partir de niveles de TSH >2,5uUI/mL se desarrolla disfunción endotelial. Objetivos: Determinar el grosor de la íntima media carotídea (GIMC, la presencia de placas en carótidas y el perfil metabólico en mujeres de edad media asintomáticas con TSH ≥2,5 uUI/mL y compararlas con aquellas con niveles <2,5 uUI/mL. Diseño: Estudio transversal y analítico. Lugar: Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo e Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Mujeres sin historia de enfermedad tiroidea, cardiovascular o diabetes. Intervenciones: En 60 mujeres sin historia de enfermedad tiroidea, cardiovascular o diabetes, con edad promedio de 53,8 ± 5,8 años, se determinó la tirotropina (TSH, colesterol total (CT, colesterol de densidad alta (HDL, triglicéridos (Tg, glucosa (G basal y a los 120 minutos (TTGO, insulina basal (Ins-B; se calculó las fracciones de colesterol de densidad baja (LDL, el nivel de insulinorresistencia (HOMA-IR, la presión arterial, perímetro de cintura abdominal, el índice de masa corporal (IMC y el GIMC mediante ecoDoppler. Principales medidas de resultados: TSH ≥2,5 uUI/mL, perfil metabólico y su relación con GIMC. Resultados: El 38,3% presentó TSH ≥2,5 y 61,7% TSH <2,5 uUI/mL. El 56% de mujeres con TSH ≥2,5 y 65% con TSH <2,5 uUI/ml fueron hipertensas, sin diferencia estadística. El perfil lipídico, G basal, Ins-B e índice HOMA-IR fueron semejantes en ambos grupos. Se observó niveles significativamente más altos del IMC, G a los 120 minutos, el GIMC en carótida izquierda y el mayor entre ambas carótidas en las mujeres con TSH ≥2,5 uUI/mL (p=0,03, p=0,01, p=0,008 y p=0,02, respectivamente. La presencia de placas en la carótida izquierda y en al menos una de las carótidas fue significativamente más frecuente entre aquellas con

  18. M1 and M2 macrophages derived from THP-1 cells differentially modulate the response of cancer cells to etoposide

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Genin, Marie; Clement, Francois; Fattaccioli, Antoine; Raes, Martine; Michiels, Carine

    2015-01-01

    Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are present in high density in solid tumors. TAMs share many characteristics with alternatively activated macrophages, also called M2. They have been shown to favor tumor development and a role in chemoresistance has also been suggested. Here, we investigated the effects of M2 in comparison to M1 macrophages on cancer cell sensitivity to etoposide. We set up a model of macrophage polarization, starting from THP-1 monocytes differentiated into macrophages using PMA (Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate). Once differentiated (M0 macrophages), they were incubated with IL-4 and IL-13 in order to obtain M2 polarized macrophages or with IFN-gamma and LPS for classical macrophage activation (M1). To mimic the communication between cancer cells and TAMs, M0, M1 or M2 macrophages and HepG2 or A549 cancer cells were co-cultured during respectively 16 (HepG2) or 24 (A549) hours, before etoposide exposure for 24 (HepG2) or 16 (A549) hours. After the incubation, the impact of etoposide on macrophage polarization was studied and cancer cell apoptosis was assessed by western-blot for cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP-1 protein, caspase activity assay and FACS analysis of Annexin V and PI staining. mRNA and protein expression of M1 and M2 markers confirmed the polarization of THP-1-derived macrophages, which provide a new, easy and well-characterized model of polarized human macrophages. Etoposide-induced cancer cell apoptosis was markedly reduced in the presence of THP-1 M2 macrophages, while apoptosis was increased in cells co-cultured with M1 macrophages. On the other hand, etoposide did not influence M1 or M2 polarization. These results evidence for the first time a clear protective effect of M2 on the contrary to M1 macrophages on etoposide-induced cancer cell apoptosis

  19. Y2K

    OpenAIRE

    Stephanie Schmitt-Grohe; Martin Uribe

    1999-01-01

    This paper studies, within a general equilibrium model, the dynamics of Y2K-type shocks: anticipated, permanent losses in output whose magnitude can be lessened by investing resources in advance. The implied dynamics replicate three observed characteristics of those triggered by the Y2K bug: (1) Precautionary investment: investment in solving the Y2K problem begins before the year 2000; (2) Investment delay: although economic agents have been aware of the Y2K problem since the 1960s, investme...

  20. Detection of aflatoxin M1 in raw and commercial pasteurized milk in Urmia, Iran.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tajik, Hossein; Rohani, Seyed Mehdi Razavi; Moradi, Mehran

    2007-11-15

    During the years 2005 and 2006, samples of raw and of pasteurized milk (72 samples each) were collected randomly from various parts of Urmia city in Iran for the detection of aflatoxin M1. Aflatoxin M1 levels were assessed by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). There was a high incidence of AFM1 (100%), in both raw and pasteurized milk samples. The AFM1 levels in 6.25% of samples were higher than the maximum tolerance limit accepted by European Union (50 ng L(-1)), while the observed mean ofAFM1 was lower than those proposed for European diets. Maximum level ofAFM1 in raw and pasteurized samples were 91.8 and 28.5 ng L(-1), while minimum levels were 4.3 and 5.1 ng L(-1), respectively. The levels ofAFM1 in total samples indicated that feeds for cows in this region were contaminated with AFB1 in such a level that appears to be a serious public health problem at the moment. Therefore, there is a need to limit exposure to aflatoxins by imposing regulatory limits.

  1. Identification and characterization of a novel P2Y 12 variant in a patient diagnosed with type 1 von Willebrand disease in the European MCMDM-1VWD study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Daly, Martina E; Dawood, Ban B; Lester, William A; Peake, Ian R; Rodeghiero, Francesco; Goodeve, Anne C; Makris, Michael; Wilde, Jonathan T; Mumford, Andrew D; Watson, Stephen P; Mundell, Stuart J

    2009-04-23

    We investigated whether defects in the P2Y(12) ADP receptor gene (P2RY12) contribute to the bleeding tendency in 92 index cases enrolled in the European MCMDM-1VWD study. A heterozygous mutation, predicting a lysine to glutamate (K174E) substitution in P2Y(12), was identified in one case with mild type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD) and a VWF defect. Platelets from the index case and relatives carrying the K174E defect changed shape in response to ADP, but showed reduced and reversible aggregation in response to 10 muM ADP, unlike the maximal, sustained aggregation observed in controls. The reduced response was associated with an approximate 50% reduction in binding of [(3)H]2MeS-ADP to P2Y(12), whereas binding to the P2Y(1) receptor was normal. A hemagglutinin-tagged K174E P2Y(12) variant showed surface expression in CHO cells, markedly reduced binding to [(3)H]2MeS-ADP, and minimal ADP-mediated inhibition of forskolin-induced adenylyl cyclase activity. Our results provide further evidence for locus heterogeneity in type 1 VWD.

  2. Obesidad y factores de riesgo del síndrome metabólico en jóvenes con diabetes tipo 1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana Prieto

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Los cambios en la forma de presentación de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1(DM T1 en la infancia y adolescencia asociados a la obesidad, determinaron una superposición entre los dos tipos de diabetes, con mayor heterogeneidad en su presentación clínica. Con el objetivo de caracterizar el tipo de diabetes mellitus (DM, comienzo de la diabetes, independientemente de las clasificaciones disponibles y evaluar el impacto de la obesidad en la forma de presentación, se estudiaron cincuenta niños diabéticos agrupados según su condición nutricional. Se evaluó la reserva de insulina pancreática por medición de péptido C basal, índice glucemia/péptido C y en respuesta a comida mixta (MMTT, se determinó el genotipo HLA-DQB1 y los anticuerpos GADA, ICA 512, IAA y se evaluó la presencia de factores de riesgo para enfermedad metabólica como obesidad, hipertensión, diabetes y dislipidemia en el grupo familiar. El 38% de la población presentó sobrepeso/obesidad (SP/OB. Un 82% tuvo anticuerpos positivos GADA, ICA 512, IAA sin diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos, el 100% fue positivo para genotipo HLA-DQB1 de riesgo. El 84% de los familiares presentó factores de riesgo positivo para síndrome metabólico. Se dividió a la población en dos grupos (sobrepeso/obesidad vs. normopeso. No hubo diferencias en los valores de péptido C en ayunas o en el índice glucemia/péptido C entre los dos grupos El péptido C en el MMTT mostró mayor área bajo la curva (1.77 ng/ml vs. 5.5 ng/ml, p = 0.0007 y valores más altos a los 60 y 120 minutos (p: 0.02 y 0.03 en el grupo con SP/OB. En conclusión, los pacientes con diabetes tipo 1A con SP/OB tienen mayor capacidad de respuesta pancreática medida por péptido C, sugiriendo que el estado nutricional podría actuar como acelerador del comienzo clínico de la enfermedad.

  3. Internal (m=1, n=1) and (m=2, n=1) resistive modes in the toroidal tokamak with circular cross-section

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bussac, M.N.; Pellat, R.; Edery, D.; Soule, J.L.

    1977-01-01

    A linear analysis is presented of the toroidal coupling between the internal resistive modes (m=1, n=1) and (m=2, n=1) in the tokamak with circular cross-section. The resistive and diamagnetic effects are included in the singular layers where the safety factor q takes respectively the values one and two. By expanding the MHD equations in powers of epsilon, the local inverse of the aspect ratio, a system of two coupled equations is obtained for the harmonic amplitudes. When the shear is finite on q=1 the toroidal coupling is negligible. In the opposite limit, one can explain (a) the experimental behaviour of the (m=1, n=1) mode before the internal disruption, and (b) the simultaneous observation of the modes (m=1, n=1) and (m=2, n=1) before the main disruption. (author)

  4. El Cantador Elorzano y la música llanera

    OpenAIRE

    Camacho A., Carlos R.

    2012-01-01

    Esta investigación conceptualiza “Cantador Elorzano” siguiendo dos criterios: a) la persona nacida en Elorza y que canta música llanera profesional o no, o compositores y b) personas nacidas en el estado Apure y vienen a cantar a las fiestas y ferias de Elorza. La música llanera campesina es la música original, la que narra las vivencias del campo, las injusticias de los políticos, los amores de verdad, conserva el lenguaje verdadero del campo, así como sus ritmos, instrumen...

  5. Endocarditis infecciosa por S. aureus en la Argentina: EIRA-2. Análisis comparativo luego de 10 años de los estudios EIRA 1 y 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ernesto R. Ferreirós

    2006-01-01

    0,1 IC 95% 0,01-0,9] y de cardiopatías congénitas [3,7% versus 11,7% (OR 0,29 IC 95% 0,08-0,9]. Los antecedentes de procedimientos invasivos previos [33,3% versus 22% (OR 1,8 IC 95% 1,1-3,0] y hemodiálisis [21,3% versus 10,6% (OR 2,2 IC 95% 1,2-4,3] fueron más frecuentes en los pacientes con EISA, al igual que la incidencia de accidente cerebrovascular [17,6% versus 11,3% (OR 1,7 IC 95% 1,0-3,2], embolia [8,3% versus 2,8% (OR 3,1 IC 95% 1,06-9,2 y mortalidad hospitalaria [34,3% versus 20,9% (OR 2,0 IC 95% 1,2-3,3]. Conclusiones Los pacientes con EISA tienen un perfil de alto riesgo clínico, un peor pronóstico y una incidencia mayor de ACV, embolia y mortalidad hospitalaria. La comparación de los resultados generales de los registros EIRA-1 y EIRA-2 demuestra que el perfil de la EI en la Argentina ha cambiado en el transcurso de la última década. El cambio del perfil de riesgo posiblemente sea el principal responsable de que la mortalidad por EI no se haya reducido. Estos resultados sugieren que se necesitan medidas de diagnóstico y tratamiento más agresivas para mejorar el pronóstico de la EI.

  6. New GUT predictions for mτ/mb and mμ/ms

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Antusch, Stefan

    2010-01-01

    Group theoretical factors from GUT symmetry breaking can lead to predictions for the ratios of quark and lepton masses (or Yukawa couplings) at the unification scale. Due to supersymmetric (SUSY) threshold corrections the viability of such predictions can depend strongly on the SUSY parameters. For three common minimal SUSY breaking scenarios with anomaly, gauge and gravity mediation we discuss which GUT scale ratios m e /m d m μ /m s , y τ /y b and y t /y b are allowed when phenomenological constraints from electroweak precision observables, B physics, (g - 2) μ , mass-limits on sparticles from direct searches as well as, optionally, constraints from the observed dark matter density are taken into account. We derive possible new predictions for the GUT scale mass ratios and compare them with the phenomenologically allowed ranges. We find that new GUT scale predictions such as m μ /m s = 9/2 or 6 and y τ /y b = 3/2 or 2 are often favoured compared to the ubiquitous relations m μ /m s = 3 or y τ /y b = 1. The talk is based on the results obtained in Refs. [1, 2].

  7. Toxoplasma encephalitis in HIV: case report | Ng'walali | East ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    P. M. Ng'walali, K. Kibayashi, M. P. Mbonde, A. M. Makata, J. N. Kitinya, S. Tsunenari. Abstract. (East African Medical Journal: 2001 78(5): 275-276). Full Text: EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT · http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v78i5.9055 · AJOL African ...

  8. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) promotes IL-2 mRNA expression through the up-regulation of NF-kappaB, AP-1 and NF-AT in EL4 cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Han, S H; Yea, S S; Jeon, Y J; Yang, K H; Kaminski, N E

    1998-12-01

    Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) has been previously shown to modulate interleukin 2 (IL-2) secretion by activated T-cells. In the present studies, we determined that TGF-beta1 induced IL-2 mRNA expression in the murine T-cell line EL4, in the absence of other stimuli. IL-2 mRNA expression was significantly induced by TGF-beta1 (0.1-1 ng/ml) over a relatively narrow concentration range, which led to the induction of IL-2 secretion. Under identical condition, we examined the effect of TGF-beta1 on the activity of nuclear factor AT (NF-AT), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), activator protein-1 (AP-1) and octamer, all of which contribute to the regulation of IL-2 gene expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that TGF-beta1 markedly increased NF-AT, NF-kappaB and AP-1 binding to their respective cognate DNA binding sites, whereas octamer binding remained constant, as compared with untreated cells. Employing a reporter gene expression system with p(NF-kappaB)3-CAT, p(NF-AT)3-CAT and p(AP-1)3-CAT, TGF-beta1 treatment of transfected EL4 cells induced a dose-related increase in chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity that correlated well with the DNA binding profile found in the electrophoretic mobility shift assay studies. These results show that TGF-beta1, in the absence of any additional stimuli, up-regulates the activity of key transcription factors involved in IL-2 gene expression, including NF-AT, NF-kappaB and AP-1, to help promote IL-2 mRNA expression by EL4 cells.

  9. Hyperglycemia induces mixed M1/M2 cytokine profile in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moganti, Kondaiah; Li, Feng; Schmuttermaier, Christina; Riemann, Sarah; Klüter, Harald; Gratchev, Alexei; Harmsen, Martin C; Kzhyshkowska, Julia

    2017-10-01

    Hyperglycaemia is a key factor in diabetic pathology. Macrophages are essential regulators of inflammation which can be classified into two major vectors of polarisation: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). Both types of macrophages play a role in diabetes, where M1 and M2-produced cytokines can have detrimental effects in development of diabetes-associated inflammation and diabetic vascular complications. However, the effect of hyperglycaemia on differentiation and programming of primary human macrophages was not systematically studied. We established a unique model to assess the influence of hyperglycaemia on M1 and M2 differentiation based on primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. The effects of hyperglycaemia on the gene expression and secretion of prototype M1 cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and prototype M2 cytokines IL-1Ra and CCL18 were quantified by RT-PCR and ELISA. Hyperglycaemia stimulated production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-1Ra during macrophage differentiation. The effect of hyperglycaemia on TNF-alpha was acute, while the stimulating effect on IL-1beta and IL-1Ra was constitutive. Expression of CCL18 was supressed in M2 macrophages by hyperglycaemia. However the secreted levels remained to be biologically significant. Our data indicate that hyperglycaemia itself, without additional metabolic factors induces mixed M1/M2 cytokine profile that can support of diabetes-associated inflammation and development of vascular complications. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

  10. Regulation of rat hepatocyte function by P2Y receptors: focus on control of glycogen phosphorylase and cyclic AMP by 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-diphosphate.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dixon, C Jane; Hall, John F; Webb, Tania E; Boarder, Michael R

    2004-10-01

    Hepatocyte function is regulated by several P2Y receptor subtypes. Here we report that 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-diphosphate (2-MeSADP), an agonist at P2Y(1), P2Y(12), and P2Y(13) receptors, potently (threshold 30 nM) stimulates glycogen phosphorylase in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Antagonism by N(6)-methyl 2'-deoxyadenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate (MRS 2179) confirms that this response is mediated by P2Y(1) receptors. In addition, in these cells, both 2-MeSADP and UTP inhibited glucagon-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation. This inhibitory effect of 2-MeSADP was not reversed by the P2Y(1) antagonists, adenosine-3'-phosphate-5'-phosphate (A3P5P) or MRS 2179, both in the range 1 to 300 microM, indicating that it was not mediated by P2Y(1) receptors. This contrasts with the increase in cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)) induced by 2-MeSADP, which has shown to be inhibited by A3P5P. Pertussis toxin abolished the inhibitory effect of both UTP and 2-MeSADP. After culture of cells for 48 h, the ability of 2-MeSADP to inhibit cyclic AMP accumulation was greatly diminished. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that during this culture period, there was a decline in the ability to detect transcripts for P2Y(12) and P2Y(13) receptors, both of which are activated by 2-MeSADP and negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. However, in freshly isolated cells, the P2Y(12) and P2Y(13) receptor antagonist, 2-propylthio-beta,gamma-dichloromethylene-d-ATP (AR-C67085) (10 nM to 300 microM) did not alter the ability of 2-MeSADP to inhibit glucagon-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation. We conclude that 2-MeSADP regulates rat hepatocyte glycogen phosphorylase by acting on P2Y(1) receptors coupled to raised [Ca(2+)](c), and by inhibiting cyclic AMP levels by an unknown G(i)-coupled receptor subtype, distinct from P2Y(1), P2Y(12), or P2Y(13) receptors.

  11. Prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-Chlamydia trachomatis y anti-Neisseria gonorrhoeae en grupos de individuos de la población mexicana Prevalence of antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Mexican populations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María del Carmen Cravioto

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de infección por Chlamydia trachomatis (CT y Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG en grupos de individuos con diferente riesgo para infecciones de transmisión sexual. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal multicéntrico efectuado en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, de la Ciudad de México, de enero de 1992 a diciembre de 1993, en el que se estudiaron 945 individuos en edad reproductiva, 585 mujeres y 360 hombres. Según su riesgo para infecciones de transmisión sexual se clasificaron en grupos de alto y bajo riesgo. Los de alto riesgo incluyeron mujeres infértiles con daño tubario, mujeres con embarazo ectópico o aborto, hombres infértiles, pacientes con VIH/SIDA, hombres homo o bisexuales y trabajadoras del sexo comercial (TSC. Los de bajo riesgo: mujeres primigestas, hombres fértiles y mujeres infértiles sin daño tubario. Se determinó en duplicado IgG e IgA anti-NG y anti-CT en suero, por análisis inmunoenzimático, utilizando como antígeno el pili de NG y la fracción L1 de CT. Se calcularon porcentajes. RESULTADOS: En mujeres la prevalencia para NG fue IgG 13.7% e IgA 14.3%, y para CT fue IgG 11.4% e IgA 4.4%. En hombres, NG 3.3% y 13.3%, respectivamente, y para CT 7.2% y 5.5%, respectivamente. En TSC se encontró NG en 31.2 % y 28.4%, respectivamente, y para CT 25.0% y 5.7%, respectivamente. En mujeres con infertilidad por daño tubario, NG 5.6% y 9.8%, respectivamente, y CT 8.4% y 1.4%, respectivamente. En 110 primigestas jóvenes, NG 4.5% y 10.0%, respectivamente, y CT 3.6% y 9.1%, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: Estos datos confirman la prevalencia elevada de Neisseria gonorrhoeae y Chlamydia trachomatis en trabajadoras del sexo comercial y en hombres homo/bisexuales, pero no en otros grupos de alto riesgo como las mujeres infértiles, con aborto o embarazo ectópico.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

  12. Short-Pulse-Width Repetitively Q-Switched ~2.7-μm Er:Y2O3 Ceramic Laser

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    Xiaojing Ren

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available A short-pulse-width repetitively Q-switched 2.7-μm Er:Y2O3 ceramic laser is demonstrated using a specially designed mechanical switch, a metal plate carved with slits of both slit-width and duty-cycle optimized. With a 20% transmission output coupler, stable pulse trains with durations (full-width at half-maximum, FWHM of 27–38 ns were generated with a repetition rate within the range of 0.26–4 kHz. The peak power at a 0.26 kHz repetition rate was ~3 kW.

  13. Properties of spin-1/2 triangular-lattice antiferromagnets CuY2Ge2O8 and CuLa2Ge2O8

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cho, Hwanbeom; Kratochvílová, Marie; Sim, Hasung; Choi, Ki-Young; Kim, Choong Hyun; Paulsen, Carley; Avdeev, Maxim; Peets, Darren C.; Jo, Younghun; Lee, Sanghyun; Noda, Yukio; Lawler, Michael J.; Park, Je-Geun

    2017-04-01

    We found new two-dimensional (2D) quantum (S =1 /2 ) antiferromagnetic systems: Cu R E2G e2O8 (R E =Y and La). According to our analysis of high-resolution x-ray and neutron diffraction experiments, the Cu network of Cu R E2G e2O8 (R E =Y and La) exhibits a 2D triangular lattice linked via weak bonds along the perpendicular b axis. Our bulk characterizations from 0.08 to 400 K show that they undergo a long-range order at 0.51(1) and 1.09(4) K for the Y and La systems, respectively. Interestingly, they also exhibit field induced phase transitions. For theoretical understanding, we carried out the density functional theory (DFT) band calculations to find that they are typical charge-transfer-type insulators with a gap of Eg≅2 eV . Taken together, our observations make Cu R E2G e2O8 (R E =Y and La) additional examples of low-dimensional quantum spin triangular antiferromagnets with the low-temperature magnetic ordering.

  14. Y-doping TiO2 nanorod arrays for efficient perovskite solar cells

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deng, Xinlian; Wang, Yanqing; Cui, Zhendong; Li, Long; Shi, Chengwu

    2018-05-01

    To improve the electron transportation in TiO2 nanorod arrays and charge separation in the interface of TiO2/perovskite, Y-doping TiO2 nanorod arrays with the length of 200 nm, diameter of 11 nm and areal density of 1050 μm-2 were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method and the influence of Y/Ti molar ratios of 0%, 3%, 5% in the hydrothermal grown solutions on the growth of TiO2 nanorod arrays was investigated. The results revealed that the appropriate Y/Ti molar ratios can increase the areal density of the corresponding TiO2 nanorod arrays and improve the charge separation in the interface of the TiO2/perovskite. The Y-doping TiO2 nanorod array perovskite solar cells with the Y/Ti molar ratio of 3% exhibited a photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.11% along with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.06 V, short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 22.50 mA cm-2 and fill factor (FF) of 76.16%, while the un-doping TiO2 nanorod array perovskite solar cells gave a PCE of 16.42% along with Voc of 1.04 V, Jsc of 21.66 mA cm-2 and FF of 72.97%.

  15. Burnout en médicos residentes de especialidades y subespecialidades: estudio de prevalencia y variables asociadas en un centro universitario

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    Luis Antonio Díaz Piga

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: El burnout es un síndrome caracterizado por agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y bajo sentido de logro personal. Los médicos residentes de especialidad y subespecialidad constituyen una población de riesgo por la alta carga laboral y la interferencia con su vida personal. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la prevalencia de burnout y su asociación con variables sociodemográficas, en residentes de especialidad y subespecialidad dela Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC. Métodos: Se realizó una encuesta electrónica a los residentes de especialidad y subespecialidad de la PUC, que incluyó el “Inventario de Burnout de Maslach” (22 preguntas divididas en 3 dimensiones. Se sumaron los puntos de cada dimensión y se clasificó a los residentes en riesgo de burnout al presentar altos índices de agotamiento emocional y/o despersonalización. El análisis estadístico incluyó un análisis univariado y multivariado. Resultados: 415 encuestas fueron contestadas (tasa de respuesta 86%. El 38,3% de los residentes cumplió criterios de burnout, con un 41,9% en residentes de especialidad y 24,1% en residentes de subespecialidad. En el análisis por subgrupos, la mayor prevalencia se encontró en especialidades quirúrgicas (55,3%. Los residentes extranjeros, los programas de especialidad (comparados con subespecialidad y los programas de especialidades quirúrgicas se asociaron de manera independiente a burnout (OR 3,8 IC95% 1,4-10,5, p=0,01; OR 2,3 IC95% 1,3-4,1, p<0,01 y OR 1,7 IC95% 1,1-2,7; p=0,02, respectivamente. La carga laboral horaria no se asoció de manera independiente a burnout (p=0,19. Conclusión: Los residentes de especialidad y subespecialidad presentan una alta prevalencia de burnout. Adicionalmente, ser extranjero, el pertenecer a un programa de especialidad y los programas de especialidades quirúrgicas se asocian de manera independiente a burnout.

  16. Alteraciones electrocardiográficas y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodríguez-Morán Martha

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar cuáles son las alteraciones del ritmo y la conducción cardiaca más frecuentes en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 sin cardiopatía previa y establecer su asociación con los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Material y métodos. Se incluyeron pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 sin presencia o antecedentes de cardiopatía. Se determinaron los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, el índice de masa corporal y los niveles séricos de glucosa, colesterol y triglicéridos. Se registró electrocardiograma convencional en reposo. La asociación de las variables en estudio con la ocurrencia de arritmias se calculó con un modelo de análisis multivariado ajustado por sexo. Resultados. Se integraron 199 pacientes: 113 mujeres (56.8% y 86 hombres (43.2%, y se identificó algún tipo de alteración electrocardiográfica en 29.1% de los sujetos. El hemibloqueo fascicular anterior (HFA y el bloqueo completo de rama derecha del Haz de His (BRDHH, constituyeron 75.9% de las alteraciones identificadas. Los pacientes con trastornos del ritmo y la conducción tienen niveles más elevados de colesterol y triglicéridos. La aparición de arritmias se relaciona directamente con el incremento de la edad (r= 0.75, p= 0.01. En el análisis multivariado ajustado por sexo la hipercolesterolemia y la edad se asociaron significativamente con las alteraciones del ritmo y la conducción: RM 1.5, IC95% 1.1-4.6, p< 0.05 y RM 1.3, IC95% 1.0-5.2, p< 0.05, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Las alteraciones del ritmo y la conducción cardiaca más frecuentes en la diabetes tipo 2 son el HFA y el BRDHH; la hipercolesterolemia y la edad son los factores asociados a su presencia.

  17. Estrategias de acceso a los alimentos en los hogares de estrato 1, 2 y 3 de la ciudad de Medellín

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luz M. Arboleda M

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Los hogares más vulnerables establecen estrategias que garanticen el acceso a los alimentos dependiendo de su situación económica, de razones socioculturales, y de las posibilidades del medio en que habitan. Objetivo: identificar las principales estrategias de acceso a los alimentos, implementadas en los hogares de estratos 1, 2 y 3 de la ciudad de Medellín. Metodología: abordaje bajo el enfoque cualitativo. El método empleado fue la etnografía focalizada, la cual permitió indagar desde la perspectiva de los sujetos. Se utilizaron como técnicas para recabar información, los grupos focales (14 grupos, entrevistas individuales (10 y grupales (2. Resultados: se encontró que entre las estrategias de acceso a los alimentos implementadas en los hogares de estratos bajos de la ciudad están: el fiado en las tiendas de barrio y la solidaridad de familiares, amigos y vecinos. La estrategia más utilizada por la población desplazada de la ciudad es el “recorrido” por las plazas de mercado

  18. Hormona de crecimiento en sujetos varones de diferentes altitudes

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    Elydia Mujica

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar los niveles de hormona de crecimiento (GH en sujetos varones adultos, a nivel del mar (Lima, 150 msnm y en la altura (Cajamarca: 2 750 msnm; Huancayo: 3 280 msnm; Morococha: 4 540 msnm. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal y prospectivo. Lugar: Ciudades de Lima, Cajamarca, Huancayo y Morococha, Perú. Participantes: Adultos varones, nativos de localidades de diferentes altitudes. Intervenciones: Previo consentimiento informado, a 41 adultos varones nativos de su localidad de origen [12 sujetos alnivel del mar (Lima 150 m, 10 sujetos en Cajamarca (2 750 m, 12 sujetos en Huancayo (3 280 m y 7 sujetos en Morococha (4 540 m] se tomó muestras de sangre en ayunas y en condiciones de reposo. Principales medidas de resultados: Niveles sanguíneos de hormona de crecimiento (GH en sangre. Resultados: La edad promedio de los participantes fue 28 años (rango de 20 a 35 años. Los valores promedios de GH encontrados fueron: a 4 540 m, 3,87 ± 0,16 ng/mL; a 3 280 m, 1,31 ± 0,09 ng/mL; a 2 750 m, 0,63 ± 0,08 ng/mL; y a 150 m, 0,54 ± 0,04 ng/mL. Hubo diferencia significativa (p < 0,05 entre los valores de GH encontrados en la altura a 4 540 m y 3 280 m con respecto al nivel del mar 150 m. No se encontró diferencia significativa entre los valores encontrados a 2 750 m con respecto a 150 m. Conclusiones: Los niveles de GH son mayores en los sujetos nativos a 3 280 m (Huancayo, n=12 y 4 540 m (Morococha, n=7 respecto a los sujetos que viven a 150 m (Lima, n=12.

  19. Absentismo laboral por patología odontológica y médica en una industria de gran porte del sector mecánico y mueblero

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    Tânia Adas Saliba Rovida

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: La legislación vigente brasileña establece que, en las industrias, los servicios de salud se realizan por el Servicio Especializado en Ingeniería de Seguridad y en Medicina del Trabajo (SESMT. Objetivo: Analizar las causas del absentismo por razones odontológicas y médicas y verificar la interferencia de factores como edad, sexo y función del trabajador, además de razones que más llevaron al empleado a ausentarse de su trabajo. Material y métodos: La investigación es un estudio descriptivo de abordaje cuantitativo. Se examinaron los certificados odontológicos y médicos y declaraciones de comparecencia debidamente homologados de una industria del sector acrílico del municipio de Araçatuba-SP, en el periodo de enero a julio de 2011. Resultados: Del total de certificados (n=1841, solo 103 (5,6% presentaron razones odontológicas. Se observó predominancia de franja etaria de 20 a 29 años, sexo masculino y función no administrativa. Las causas odontológicas y médicas más comunes indicadas en los certificados que llevaron al funcionario a ausentarse del trabajo fueron "dientes incluidos e impactados" y "diarrea y gastroenteritis de origen infeccioso presumible", respectivamente. Sobre los factores relacionados al absentismo, se observó un índice de gravedad de 2,83, de frecuencia de 1,33 y la duración media de ausencias de 2,12. Conclusiones: Se concluye que las razones odontológicas tuvieron poca importancia sobre el total de ausencias por motivos de enfermedad, además que provocaron el ausentismo del trabajador por un periodo menor. Las variables edad y función no influyeron en la ocurrencia del absentismo en el trabajo.

  20. Rates of E1, E2, M1, and M2 transitions in Ni II

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cassidy, C. M.; Hibbert, A.; Ramsbottom, C. A.

    2016-03-01

    Aims: We present rates for all E1, E2, M1, and M2 transitions among the 295 fine-structure levels of the configurations 3d9, 3d84s, 3d74s2, 3d84p, and 3d74s4p, determined through an extensive configuration interaction calculation. Methods: The CIV3 code developed by Hibbert and coworkers is used to determine for these levels configuration interaction wave functions with relativistic effects introduced through the Breit-Pauli approximation. Results: Two different sets of calculations have been undertaken with different 3d and 4d functions to ascertain the effect of such variation. The main body of the text includes a representative selection of data, chosen so that key points can be discussed. Some analysis to assess the accuracy of the present data has been undertaken, including comparison with earlier calculations and the more limited range of experimental determinations. The full set of transition data is given in the supplementary material as it is very extensive. Conclusions: We believe that the present transition data are the best currently available. Full Table 4 and Tables 5-8 are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/587/A107

  1. Critical current density above 15 MA cm−2 at 30 K, 3 T in 2.2 μm thick heavily-doped (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3Ox superconductor tapes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Selvamanickam, V; Gharahcheshmeh, M Heydari; Xu, A; Zhang, Y; Galstyan, E

    2015-01-01

    A critical current (I c ) value of 3963 A/12 mm, corresponding to a critical current density (J c ) of 15 MA cm −2 has been achieved at 30 K, 3 T in the orientation of field parallel to the c-axis (B||c) in 2.2 μm thick film (Gd,Y)BaCuO tapes with 20 mol% Zr addition made by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. This J c level is more than a factor of four higher than the J c values of 7.5 mol% Zr-added tapes, which are an industry benchmark. The critical current values in a magnetic field of 3 T parallel to the c-axis in the 2.2 μm thick, 20 mol% Zr-added tape reached 2833 A/12 mm (10.1 MA cm −2 ), 1881 A/12 mm (7.1 MA cm −2 ) and 805 A/12 mm (3.1 MA cm −2 ) at 40 K, 50 K and 65 K respectively. Such high critical current values were possible because of maintaining a strong alignment of BaZrO 3 nanocolumns along the c-axis over the entire film thickness. (fast track communication)

  2. Y2K

    OpenAIRE

    Schmitt-Grohe, Stephanie; Uribe, Martin

    1998-01-01

    As the millennium draws to an end, the threat posed by the Year 2000 (Y2K) problem is inducing vast private and public spending on its remediation. In this paper, we model the Y2K problem as an anticipated, permanent loss in output whose magnitude can be lessened by investing resources in advance. We embed the Y2K problem into a dynamic general equilibrium framework and show that our model replicates three observed characteristics of the dynamics triggered by the Y2K bug: (1) Precautionary in...

  3. Relación entre la edad del profesorado de música andaluz y el desarrollo de la Escuela TIC 2.0

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emilia MARTOS SÁNCHEZ

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo era conocer si la edad se asociaba al desarrollo del programa andaluz Escuela TIC 2.0. en los profesores andaluces de Música de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO. Para esta investigación, la muestra estuvo compuesta por 207 docentes de música de la ESO, quienes cumplimentaron un cuestionario sobre los diferentes aspectos que conllevaba dicho programa en conexión con su área, tales como la formación en TIC, las tecnologías en el aula, la actitud hacia las TIC y las competencias, los recursos digitales, o la vinculación entre las familias y la Escuela TIC. Dicho cuestionario, fue sometido tanto a la validación estadística por componentes principales como a la validación de jueces y a procedimientos de fiabilidad mediante el alpha de Cronbach y las dos mitades. Se aplicó un análisis de contingencias y los resultados mostraron que el profesorado entre 25 y 35 años usaba otras webs en el aula, integraba las TIC porque creía que aumentaban la calidad del aprendizaje y conocían más el correo electrónico. El profesorado de 35 a 44 años manifestó más aceptación por el proyector mientras que el mayor de 55 años, aunque tenía formación en tecnología, prefería la metodología tradicional. El estudio reveló que, efectivamente, la edad del profesorado de música andaluz de la ESO estaba relacionada con la determinación de incorporar las TIC y el desarrollo de la Escuela TIC 2.0

  4. Development and Validation of a UPLC-MS/MS and UPLC-HR-MS Method for the Determination of Fumonisin B1 and Its Hydrolysed Metabolites and Fumonisin B2 in Broiler Chicken Plasma

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    Siegrid De Baere

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available A sensitive and specific method for the quantitative determination of Fumonisin B1 (FB1, its partially hydrolysed metabolites pHFB1a+b and hydrolysed metabolite HFB1, and Fumonisin B2 (FB2 in broiler chicken plasma using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS was developed. The sample preparation was rapid, straightforward and consisted of a deproteinization and phospholipid removal step using an Oasis® OstroTM 96-well plate. Chromatography was performed on an Acquity HSS-T3 column, using 0.3% formic acid and 10 mM ammonium formate in water, and acetonitrile as mobile phases. The MS/MS instrument was operated in the positive electrospray ionization mode and the two multiple reaction monitoring transitions were monitored for each component for quantification and identification, respectively. The method was validated in-house: matrix-matched calibration graphs were prepared and good linearity (r ≥ 0.99 was achieved over the concentration ranges tested (1–500 ng/mL for FB1 and FB2; 0.86–860 ng/mL for pHFB1a; 0.72–1430 ng/mL for pHFB1b and 2.5–2500 ng/mL for HFB1. Limits of quantification (LOQ and detection (LOD in plasma ranged between 0.72 to 2.5 ng/mL and 0.03 to 0.17 ng/mL, respectively. The results for the within-day and between-day precision and accuracy fell within the specified ranges. Moreover, the method was transferred to an UPLC high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS instrument in order to determine potential metabolites of HFB1, such as N-acyl-HFB1s and phase II metabolites. The method has been successfully applied to investigate the toxicokinetics and biotransformation of HFB1 in broiler chickens.

  5. EVALUACIÓN DEL RENDIMIENTO DEL ARIETE HIDRÁULICO BAH-1.1/2 VARIANDO LA LONGITUD DE LA TUBERÍA DE ALIMENTACIÓN Y CONDICIONES DE OPERACIÓN DE LA VÁLVULA DE IMPULSO

    OpenAIRE

    Arapa Quispe, José Bernardino; Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (Perú).

    2016-01-01

    Una bomba de ariete hidráulico es un dispositivo, que usa la energía de una caída de agua, para generar potencia y poder elevar un porcentaje del agua de ingreso a una altura mayor que la altura de caída, de forma continua y automática sin ninguna otra energía externa.El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar el rendimiento del ariete hidráulico modelo BAH 1.1/2, utilizando tubería de alimentación de PVC de 1.1/2” de diámetro y variando las longitudes en 1.0, 2.0 y 3.0 m, para diferentes co...

  6. Value of contrast-enhanced sonographic micro flow imaging for prostate cancer detection with t-PSA level of 4–10 ng/mL

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guo, Yi-Fen; Li, Feng-Hua; Xie, Shao-Wei; Xia, Jian-Guo; Fang, Hua; Li, Hong-Li

    2012-01-01

    Objectives: To compare the efficiency of contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic micro flow imaging (MFI) with conventional transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in detecting prostate cancer with serum total prostate-specific antigen (t-PSA) of 4.0–10.0 ng/mL. To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic MFI in detecting prostate cancer with t-PSA in diagnostic gray zone. Methods: 47 patients with t-PSA 4.0–10.0 ng/mL underwent gray scale, power Doppler TRUS and MFI examinations before ultrasound guided biopsies. Biopsies were performed at twelve sites in the base, the mid-gland and the apex of the prostate in each patient, when there was no abnormal ultrasound finding. When an abnormality was present at MFI, the biopsy specimen from the corresponding site was directed toward the abnormal finding. With histological results of prostate biopsy as reference standards, we assessed the cancer detection of these three methods. Results: 564 specimens were collected in this study, in which 101 were prostate cancer confirmed histologically. 152 of 564 specimens were demonstrated abnormal on MFI images, in which 71 were malignant and 81 were benign confirmed histologically. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for MFI in detecting prostate caner were 70.3%, 82.5%, 80.3%, 46.7% and 92.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and NPV for MFI were significantly better than gray scale (38.6%, 86.9%) and power Doppler (32.7%, 86.0%) (P < 0.001) TRUS. Conclusions: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic MFI could significantly improve the detection rate of prostate cancer with t-PSA in diagnostic gray zone (4–10 ng/mL) than conventional ultrasound.

  7. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI detects early response to adoptive NK cellular immunotherapy targeting the NG2 proteoglycan in a rat model of glioblastoma.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cecilie Brekke Rygh

    Full Text Available There are currently no established radiological parameters that predict response to immunotherapy. We hypothesised that multiparametric, longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI of physiological parameters and pharmacokinetic models might detect early biological responses to immunotherapy for glioblastoma targeting NG2/CSPG4 with mAb9.2.27 combined with natural killer (NK cells. Contrast enhanced conventional T1-weighted MRI at 7±1 and 17±2 days post-treatment failed to detect differences in tumour size between the treatment groups, whereas, follow-up scans at 3 months demonstrated diminished signal intensity and tumour volume in the surviving NK+mAb9.2.27 treated animals. Notably, interstitial volume fraction (ve, was significantly increased in the NK+mAb9.2.27 combination therapy group compared mAb9.2.27 and NK cell monotherapy groups (p = 0.002 and p = 0.017 respectively in cohort 1 animals treated with 1 million NK cells. ve was reproducibly increased in the combination NK+mAb9.2.27 compared to NK cell monotherapy in cohort 2 treated with increased dose of 2 million NK cells (p<0.0001, indicating greater cell death induced by NK+mAb9.2.27 treatment. The interstitial volume fraction in the NK monotherapy group was significantly reduced compared to mAb9.2.27 monotherapy (p<0.0001 and untreated controls (p = 0.014 in the cohort 2 animals. NK cells in monotherapy were unable to kill the U87MG cells that highly expressed class I human leucocyte antigens, and diminished stress ligands for activating receptors. A significant association between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC of water and ve in combination NK+mAb9.2.27 and NK monotherapy treated tumours was evident, where increased ADC corresponded to reduced ve in both cases. Collectively, these data support histological measures at end-stage demonstrating diminished tumour cell proliferation and pronounced apoptosis in the NK+mAb9.2.27 treated tumours compared to the other

  8. On-Line 1D and 2D PLOT/LC-ESI-MS Using 10 μm i.d. Poly(styrene–divinylbenzene) Porous Layer Open Tubular (PLOT) Columns For Ultrasensitive Proteomic Analysis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luo, Quanzhou; Yue, Guihua; Valaskovic, Gary A; Gu, Ye; Wu, Shiaw-Lin; Karger, Barry L.

    2008-01-01

    Following on our recent work, on-line one dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) PLOT/LC-ESI-MS platforms using 3.2 m × 10 μm i.d. poly(styrenedivinylbenzene) (PS-DVB) porous layer open tubular (PLOT) columns have been developed to provide robust, high performance and ultrasensitive proteomic analysis. Using a PicoClear tee, the dead volume connection between a 50 μm i.d. PS-DVB monolithic microSPE column and the PLOT column was minimized. The microSPE/PLOT column assembly provided a separation performance similar to that obtained with direct injection onto the PLOT column at a mobile phase flow rate of 20 nL/min. The trace analysis potential of the platform was evaluated using an in-gel tryptic digest sample of a gel fraction (15 to 40 kDa) of a cervical cancer (SiHa) cell line. As an example of the sensitivity of the system, ∼2.5 ng of protein in 2 μL solution, an amount corresponding to 20 SiHa cells, was subjected to on-line microSPE-PLOT/LC-ESIMS/MS analysis using a linear ion trap MS. 237 peptides associated with 163 unique proteins were identified from a single analysis when using stringent criteria associated with a false positive rate less than 1% . The number of identified peptides and proteins increased to 638 and 343, respectively, as the injection amount was raised to ∼45 ng of protein, an amount corresponding to 350 SiHa cells. In comparison, only 338 peptides and 231 unique proteins were identified (false positive rate again less than 1%) from 750 ng of protein from the identical gel fraction, an amount corresponding to 6000 SiHa cells, using a typical 15 cm × 75 μm i.d. packed capillary column. The greater sensitivity, higher recovery, and higher resolving power of the PLOT column resulted in the increased number of identifications from only ∼5% of the injected sample amount. The resolving power of the microSPE/PLOT assembly was further extended by 2D chromatography via combination of the high-efficiency reversed phase PLOT column

  9. A survey of aflatoxin M1 in cow milk in Southern Iran

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Majid Hashemi

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available The competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used to evaluate aflatoxin M1 (AFM1 levels in 168 samples of raw milk (135 samples and 33 samples from bulk tanks of farms and milk collection centers, respectively and 12 samples of pasteurized milk in Fars province, Southern Iran. AFM1 was found in 55.56% of the samples with a mean concentration of 21.31 ng/L. The concentration of AFM1 in raw milk samples from farms was significantly (p < 0.05 lower than that in samples from collection centers and pasteurized milk. The concentration of AFM1 was not influenced by season, location, or type of farm. The concentrations of AFM1 in all samples were lower than the Iranian national standard limit (100 ng/L, but in 30% of raw cow milk samples they were higher than the maximum tolerance limit accepted by the European Union (50 ng/L; therefore, more effort is needed to control AFM1 levels in milk produced in Southern Iran.

  10. Chloroplastic thioredoxin-f and thioredoxin-m1/4 play important roles in brassinosteroids-induced changes in CO2 assimilation and cellular redox homeostasis in tomato

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cheng, Fei; Zhou, Yan-Hong; Xia, Xiao-Jian; Shi, Kai; Zhou, Jie; Yu, Jing-Quan

    2014-01-01

    Chloroplast thioredoxins (TRXs) and glutathione function as redox messengers in the regulation of photosynthesis. In this work, the roles of chloroplast TRXs in brassinosteroids (BRs)-induced changes in cellular redox homeostasis and CO2 assimilation were studied in the leaves of tomato plants. BRs-deficient d ^im plants showed decreased transcripts of TRX-f, TRX-m2, TRX-m1/4, and TRX-x, while exogenous BRs significantly induced CO2 assimilation and the expression of TRX-f, TRX-m2, TRX-m1/4, and TRX-x. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the chloroplast TRX-f, TRX-m2, TRX-m1/4, and TRX-y genes individually increased membrane lipid peroxidation and accumulation of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin dimers, and decreased the activities of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle enzymes and the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in the leaves. Furthermore, partial silencing of TRX-f, TRX-m2, TRX-m1/4, and TRX-y resulted in decreased expression of genes involved in the Benson–Calvin cycle and decreased activity of the associated enzymes. Importantly, the BRs-induced increase in CO2 assimilation and the increased expression and activities of antioxidant- and photosynthesis-related genes and enzymes were compromised in the partially TRX-f- and TRX-m1/4-silenced plants. All of these results suggest that TRX-f and TRX-m1/4 are involved in the BRs-induced changes in CO2 assimilation and cellular redox homeostasis in tomato. PMID:24847092

  11. Debris Disk Studies with the ngVLA

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilner, David; Matthews, Brenda; Matra, Luca; Kennedy, Grant; Wyatt, Mark; Greaves, Jane

    2018-01-01

    We discuss the potential for the ngVLA to advance understanding of debris disks around main-sequence stars. Since the dust-producing planetesimals that replenish these disks through collisions persist only in stable regions like belts and resonances, their locations and physical properties encode essential information about the formation of exoplanetary systems and their dynamical evolution. Observations at long millimeter wavelengths can play a special role because the large grains that dominate the emission are faithful tracers of the dust-producing planetesimals, unlike small grains seen at shorter wavelengths that are rapidly redistributed by stellar radiation and winds. Sensitive observations of debris disks with the ngVLA can (1) reveal structures resulting from otherwise inaccessible planets on wide orbits, (2) test collisional models using spectral slopes to constrain mm/cm grain size distributions, and (3) for select sources, probe the water content of exocomets using the 21 cm HI line.

  12. I'm OK, Are You Y2K OK?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilson, Thomas F.

    1999-01-01

    Y2K problems include software programming issues involving chronology and microchips embedded in every conceivable piece of electronic equipment. Procrastination is not in schools' best interest. Administrators should initiate five conversion stages: awareness, assessment, renovation, validation, and implementation. A sample equipment checklist…

  13. Comparación productiva de vacas holstein y F1 blanco orejinero (BON x holstein 1. producción y calidad de la leche.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Quijano Bernal Jorge H.

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available Se estimaron los porcentajes de heterosis para la producción de leche, duración de la lactancia y calidad de la leche ( porcentaje de grasa y proteína, en vacas Holstein y F1 (BON x HOLSTEIN del Centro Paysandú, propiedad de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, situado en el corregimiento Santa Elena, municipio de Medellín, a 2600 m.s.n.m., con temperatura promedio de 12,5C, correspondiendo a la formación bosque muy húmedo montano bajo (bmh-MB. La producción de leche fue afectada significativamente (P 0,01 y proteína (2,8 y 2,9%; P >0,01 para Holstein y F1 BON x Holstein respectivamente. En el BON estos valores fueron 278 kg, 114 días de lactancia, 4,6% de grasa y 3,9% de proteína en la leche. Los porcentajes de heterosis con base en el promedio de razas fueron: 4,20%, 16,70%, -12,80% y -12.20% para producción de leche, duración de lactancia, porcentaje de grasa y porcentaje de proteína respectivamente, todos altamente significativos (P<0,01. Los porcentajes de heterosis tomando como referencia la raza Holstein fueron: -45,20%, -21,50%, 6,25% y 5,35% en el mismo orden de las características anteriormente citadas. En general, los porcentajes de heterosis fueron menores a los reportados en la literatura. Se concluye que el F1 ha desempeñado un papel preponderante en el mejoramiento de la calidad de la leche en el Centro Paysandú, presentado porcentajes de heterosis medios para la calidad de la leche con referencia a la raza Holstein. Esto puede ser confirmado al analizar el porcentaje de grasa desde 1994, cuando parieron las primeras vacas F1, presentado coeficiente de regresión y correlación de 0,02 y 0,55 respectivamente. En la actualidad, el promedio para el porcentaje de grasa y proteína en el hato es de 3,45% y 3,03% respectivamente. Si sólo se tuviese la raza Holstein, estos porcentajes serían de 3,20% y 2,80%, significativamente menores.

  14. Percent free prostate-specific antigen is effective to predict prostate biopsy outcome in Chinese men with prostate-specific antigen between 10.1 and 20.0 ng ml−1

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Rui; Zhou, Li-Qun; Cai, Xiao-Bing; Xie, Li-Ping; Huang, Yi-Ran; He, Da-Lin; Gao, Xu; Xu, Chuan-Liang; Ding, Qiang; Wei, Qiang; Yin, Chang-Jun; Ren, Shan-Cheng; Wang, Fu-Bo; Tian, Ye; Sun, Zhong-Quan; Fu, Qiang; Ma, Lu-Lin; Zheng, Jun-Hua; Ye, Zhang-Qun; Ye, Ding-Wei; Xu, Dan-Feng; Hou, Jian-Quan; Xu, Ke-Xin; Yuan, Jian-Lin; Gao, Xin; Liu, Chun-Xiao; Pan, Tie-Jun; Sun, Ying-Hao

    2015-01-01

    Percent free prostatic-specific antigen (%fPSA) has been introduced as a tool to avoid unnecessary biopsies in patients with a serum PSA level of 4.0–10.0 ng ml−1, however, it remains controversial whether %fPSA is effective in PSA range of 10.1–20.0 ng ml−1 in both Chinese and Western population. In this study, the diagnostic performance of %fPSA and serum PSA in predicting prostate cancer (PCa) and high-grade PCa (HGPCa) was analyzed in a multi-center biopsy cohort of 5915 consecutive Chinese patients who underwent prostate biopsy in 22 hospitals across China from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013. The indication for biopsy was PSA>4.0 ng ml−1 or/and suspicious digital rectal examination. Total and free serum PSA determinations were performed by three types of electrochemiluminescence immunoassays with recalibration to the World Health Organization standards. The diagnostics accuracy of PSA, %fPSA and %fPSA in combination with PSA (%fPSA + PSA) was determined by the area under the receivers operating characteristic curve (AUC). %fPSA was more effective than PSA in men aged ≥60 years old. The AUC was 0.584 and 0.635 in men aged ≥60 years old with a PSA of 4.0–10.0 ng ml−1 and 10.1–20.0 ng ml−1, respectively. The AUC of %fPSA was superior to that of PSA in predicting HGPCa in patients ≥60 years old in these two PSA range. Our results indicated that %fPSA is both statistically effective and clinical applicable to predict prostate biopsy outcome in Chinese patients aged ≥60 years old with a PSA of 4.0–10.0 ng ml−1 and 10.1–20.0 ng ml−1. PMID:25926603

  15. Percent free prostate-specific antigen is effective to predict prostate biopsy outcome in Chinese men with prostate-specific antigen between 10.1 and 20.0 ng ml(-1).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Rui; Zhou, Li-Qun; Cai, Xiao-Bing; Xie, Li-Ping; Huang, Yi-Ran; He, Da-Lin; Gao, Xu; Xu, Chuan-Liang; Ding, Qiang; Wei, Qiang; Yin, Chang-Jun; Ren, Shan-Cheng; Wang, Fu-Bo; Tian, Ye; Sun, Zhong-Quan; Fu, Qiang; Ma, Lu-Lin; Zheng, Jun-Hua; Ye, Zhang-Qun; Ye, Ding-Wei; Xu, Dan-Feng; Hou, Jian-Quan; Xu, Ke-Xin; Yuan, Jian-Lin; Gao, Xin; Liu, Chun-Xiao; Pan, Tie-Jun; Sun, Ying-Hao

    2015-01-01

    Percent free prostatic-specific antigen (%fPSA) has been introduced as a tool to avoid unnecessary biopsies in patients with a serum PSA level of 4.0-10.0 ng ml-1 , however, it remains controversial whether %fPSA is effective in PSA range of 10.1-20.0 ng ml-1 in both Chinese and Western population. In this study, the diagnostic performance of %fPSA and serum PSA in predicting prostate cancer (PCa) and high-grade PCa (HGPCa) was analyzed in a multi-center biopsy cohort of 5915 consecutive Chinese patients who underwent prostate biopsy in 22 hospitals across China from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013. The indication for biopsy was PSA>4.0 ng ml-1 or/and suspicious digital rectal examination. Total and free serum PSA determinations were performed by three types of electrochemiluminescence immunoassays with recalibration to the World Health Organization standards. The diagnostics accuracy of PSA, %fPSA and %fPSA in combination with PSA (%fPSA + PSA) was determined by the area under the receivers operating characteristic curve (AUC). %fPSA was more effective than PSA in men aged ≥60 years old. The AUC was 0.584 and 0.635 in men aged ≥60 years old with a PSA of 4.0-10.0 ng ml-1 and 10.1-20.0 ng ml-1 , respectively. The AUC of %fPSA was superior to that of PSA in predicting HGPCa in patients ≥60 years old in these two PSA range. Our results indicated that %fPSA is both statistically effective and clinical applicable to predict prostate biopsy outcome in Chinese patients aged ≥60 years old with a PSA of 4.0-10.0 ng ml-1 and 10.1-20.0 ng ml-1 .

  16. Structural properties and superconductivity of SrFe2As2-xPx (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) and CaFe2As2-yPy (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.3)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shi, H L; Yang, H X; Tian, H F; Lu, J B; Wang, Z W; Qin, Y B; Song, Y J; Li, J Q

    2010-01-01

    The SrFe 2 As 2-x P x (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) and CaFe 2 As 2-y P y (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.3) materials were prepared by a solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that the single-phase samples can be successfully obtained for SrFe 2 As 2-x P x (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) and CaFe 2 As 2-y P y (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.3). Visible contraction of the lattice parameters is determined due to the relatively smaller radius of P ions in comparison with that of As. The spin-density-wave (SDW) instability associated with the tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition is suppressed noticeably in both systems following the increase in P content. The highest superconducting transitions are observed at about 27 K in SrFe 2 As 1.3 P 0.7 and at about 13 K in CaFe 2 As 1.925 P 0.075 , respectively. Structural analysis suggests that lattice contraction could notably affect the superconductivity in these materials.

  17. X-ray photoemission studies of Zn doped Cu1-xTl xBa2Ca2Cu 3-yZn yO10-δ (y = 0, 2.65) superconductors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khan, Nawazish A.; Mumtaz, M.; Ahadian, M.M.; Iraji-zad, Azam

    2007-01-01

    The X-ray photoemission (XPS) measurements of Cu 1-x Tl x Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3-y Zn y O 10-δ (y = 0, 2.65) superconductors have been performed and compared. These studies revealed that the charge state of thallium in the Cu 0.5 Tl 0.5 Ba 2 O 4-δ charge reservoir layer in Zn doped samples is Tl 1+ , while it is a mix of Tl 1+ and Tl 2+ in Zn free samples. The binding energy of Ba atoms in the Zn doped samples is shifted to higher energy, which when considered along with the presence of Tl 1+ suggested that it more efficiently directed the carriers to ZnO 2 and CuO 2 planes. The evidence of improved inter-plane coupling witnessed in X-ray diffraction is also confirmed by XPS measurements of Ca atoms in the Zn doped samples. The shift of the valance band spectrum in these Zn doped samples to higher energies suggested that the electrons at the top edge of the valance band were tied to a higher binding energy (relative to samples without Zn doping), which most likely resulted in a much lower energy state of the system in the superconducting state. The stronger superconducting state arising out of these effects is witnessed in the form of increased T c (R 0), J c and the extent of diamagnetism in the final compound

  18. Bloque 1. Temas 1 y 2. Contenidos, evolución epistemológica y fuentes de la Geografía Rural

    OpenAIRE

    Segrelles, José Antonio

    2011-01-01

    Los temas 1 y 2 se incluyen en el bloque 1 y se dedican al análisis de la evolución epistemológica de la geografía rural y a las fuentes para el estudio de esta disciplina, respetivamente. Dentro de la evolución epistemológica se presta especial atención al concepto de geografía rural, a las diversas interpretaciones que éste ha tenido, a la diferente forma en que la geografía rural ha sido estudiada por los diferentes enfoques que ha jalonado su desarrollo científico en el marco de la evoluc...

  19. Models for financial crisis detection in Indonesia based on M1, M2 per foreign exchange reverse, and M2 multiplier indicators

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sugiyanto; Zukhronah, Etik; Pratiwi, Esteti Sophia

    2017-12-01

    Indonesia has been hit by financial crisis in the middle of 1997. The financial crisis that has occurred gives a severe impact to the economy of Indonesia resulting the needs for a detection system of financial crisis. Crisis can be detected based on several indicators such as M1, M2 per foreign exchange reserves, and M2 multiplier. These three indicators can affect the exchange rate stability and may further affect the financial stability so that it can be one of the causes of the financial crisis. This research aims to determine the appropriate model that can detect the financial crisis in Indonesia. Markov switching is an alternative model that can be approach and used often for detecting financial crisis. We can determine the combination of volatility and Markov switching model with AR and volatility model are determined first. The results of this research are that M1 can be modelled by SWARCH (3, 1) while M2 per foreign research exchange reserves and M2 multiplier can be modelled by SWARCH(3,2).

  20. Immersion vaccination against Yersinia ruckeri O1, biotype 2 confers cross protection against Y. ruckeri O1 biotype 1

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Raida, Martin Kristian; Neumann, Lukas; Kragelund Strøm, Helene

    A new biotype 2 of Y. ruckeri O1, which lacks motility has proven highly virulent for rainbow trout, and is causing disease in cultured trout even in fish vaccinated with commercial ERM biotype 1 vaccines. Not much is known about immunity against biotype 2, and therefore have we produced a Y...... resulted in very low mortalities with no significant difference in mortality between vaccinated and mock-vaccinated fish. Challenge with biotype 1 resulted in a significantly lower mortality (P=0.0001) in the vaccinated group. This result was confirmed 15 months post vaccination (P... 2 confers significant cross protection against biotype 1....

  1. Indentation studies on Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dransmann, G.W.; Steinbrech, R.W.; Pajares, A.; Guiberteau, F.; Dominguez-Rodriguez, A.; Heuer, A.H.

    1994-01-01

    Stable indentation cracks were grown in four-point bend tests to study the fracture toughness of two Y 2 O 3 -stabilized ZrO 2 ceramics containing 3 and 4 mol% Y 2 O 3 . By combining microscopic in situ stable crack growth observations at discrete stresses with crack profile measurements, the dependence of toughness on crack extension was determined from crack extension plots, which graphically separate the crack driving residual stress intensity and applied stress intensity factors. Both materials exhibit steeply rising R-curves, with a plateau toughness of 4.5 and 3.1 MPa·m 1/2 for the 3- and 4-mol% materials, respectively. The magnitude of the plateau toughness reflects the fraction of tetragonal grain contributing to transformation toughening

  2. Can a Gleason 6 or Less Microfocus of Prostate Cancer in One Biopsy and Prostate-Specific Antigen Level <10 ng/mL Be Defined as the Archetype of Low-Risk Prostate Disease?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gianluigi Taverna

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Prostate cancer (PC remains a cause of death worldwide. Here we investigate whether a single microfocus of PC at the biopsy (graded as Gleason 6 or less, ≤5% occupancy and the PSA <10 ng/mL can define the archetype of low-risk prostate disease. 4500 consecutive patients were enrolled. Among them, 134 patients with a single micro-focus of PC were followed up, and the parameters influencing the biochemical relapse (BR were analysed. Out of 134 patients, 94 had clinically significant disease, specifically in 74.26% of the patients with PSA <10 ng/mL. Positive surgical margins and the extracapsular invasion were found in 29.1% and 51.4% patients, respectively. BR was observed in 29.6% of the patients. Cox regression evidenced a correlation between the BR and Gleason grade at the retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP, capsular invasion, and the presence of positive surgical margins. Multivariate regression analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between the presence of surgical margins at the RRP and BR. Considering a single micro-focus of PC at the biopsy and PSA serum level <10 ng/mL, clinically significant disease was found in 74.26% patients and only positive surgical margins are useful for predicting the BR.

  3. Lithium-deficient Li YMn2O4 spinels (0.9 ≤ Y < 1): Lithium content, synthesis temperature, thermal behaviour and electrochemical properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pascual, Laura; Perez-Revenga, M. Luz; Rojas, Rosa M.; Rojo, Jose M.; Amarilla, J. Manuel

    2006-01-01

    Lithium-deficient Li Y Mn 2 O 4 spinels (LD-Li Y Mn 2 O 4 ) with nominal composition (0.9 ≤ Y 2 O 3 and LiNO 3 at temperatures ranging from 700 deg. C to 850 deg. C. X-ray diffraction data show that LD-Li Y Mn 2 O 4 spinels are obtained as single phases in the range Y = 0.975-1 at 700 deg. C and 750 deg. C. Morphological characterization by transmission electron microscopy shows that the particle size of LD-Li Y Mn 2 O 4 spinels increases on decreasing the Li-content. The influence of the Li-content and the synthesis temperature on the thermal and electrochemical behaviours has been systematically studied. Thermal analysis studies indicate that the temperature of the first thermal effect in the differential thermal analysis (DTA)/thermogravimetric (TG) curves, T C1 , linearly increases on decreasing the Li-content. The electrochemical properties of LD-Li Y Mn 2 O 4 spinels, determined by galvanostatic cycling, notably change with the synthesis conditions. So, the first discharge capacity, Q disch. , at C rate increases on rising the Li-content and the synthesis temperature. The sample Li 0.975 Mn 2 O 4 synthesized at 700 deg. C has a Q disch. = 123 mAh g -1 and a capacity retention of 99.77% per cycle. This LD-Li Y Mn 2 O 4 sample had the best electrochemical characteristics of the series

  4. Arrestin scaffolds NHERF1 to the P2Y12 receptor to regulate receptor internalization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nisar, Shaista P; Cunningham, Margaret; Saxena, Kunal; Pope, Robert J; Kelly, Eamonn; Mundell, Stuart J

    2012-07-13

    We have recently shown in a patient with mild bleeding that the PDZ-binding motif of the platelet G protein-coupled P2Y(12) receptor (P2Y(12)R) is required for effective receptor traffic in human platelets. In this study we show for the first time that the PDZ motif-binding protein NHERF1 exerts a major role in potentiating G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) internalization. NHERF1 interacts with the C-tail of the P2Y(12)R and unlike many other GPCRs, NHERF1 interaction is required for effective P2Y(12)R internalization. In vitro and prior to agonist stimulation P2Y(12)R/NHERF1 interaction requires the intact PDZ binding motif of this receptor. Interestingly on receptor stimulation NHERF1 no longer interacts directly with the receptor but instead binds to the receptor via the endocytic scaffolding protein arrestin. These findings suggest a novel model by which arrestin can serve as an adaptor to promote NHERF1 interaction with a GPCR to facilitate effective NHERF1-dependent receptor internalization.

  5. Charge Transfer Effects in Naturally Occurring van der Waals Heterostructures (PbSe )1.16(TiSe2 )m (m =1 , 2)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yao, Q.; Shen, D. W.; Wen, C. H. P.; Hua, C. Q.; Zhang, L. Q.; Wang, N. Z.; Niu, X. H.; Chen, Q. Y.; Dudin, P.; Lu, Y. H.; Zheng, Y.; Chen, X. H.; Wan, X. G.; Feng, D. L.

    2018-03-01

    van der Waals heterostructures (VDWHs) exhibit rich properties and thus has potential for applications, and charge transfer between different layers in a heterostructure often dominates its properties and device performance. It is thus critical to reveal and understand the charge transfer effects in VDWHs, for which electronic structure measurements have proven to be effective. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we studied the electronic structures of (PbSe )1.16(TiSe2 )m (m =1 , 2), which are naturally occurring VDWHs, and discovered several striking charge transfer effects. When the thickness of the TiSe2 layers is halved from m =2 to m =1 , the amount of charge transferred increases unexpectedly by more than 250%. This is accompanied by a dramatic drop in the electron-phonon interaction strength far beyond the prediction by first-principles calculations and, consequently, superconductivity only exists in the m =2 compound with strong electron-phonon interaction, albeit with lower carrier density. Furthermore, we found that the amount of charge transferred in both compounds is nearly halved when warmed from below 10 K to room temperature, due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the constituent layers of these misfit compounds. These unprecedentedly large charge transfer effects might widely exist in VDWHs composed of metal-semiconductor contacts; thus, our results provide important insights for further understanding and applications of VDWHs.

  6. EFECTO DEL 1-METILCICLOPROPENO (1-MCP Y TRATAMIENTO HIDROTÉRMICO SOBRE LA FISIOLOGÍA Y CALIDAD DEL MANGO 'KEITT'

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. A. Osuna-García

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del 1-MCP (0 y 300 nl·litro-1 y diferentes niveles de tratamiento hidrotérmico (0, 52 °C por 5 min y 46 °C por 110 min sobre la fisiología y calidad de mango 'Keitt'. Se analizó velocidad de respiración, pérdida de peso, firmeza, color de pulpa, sólidos solubles totales y porcentaje de frutos enfermos. Se encontró que la efectividad del 1-MCP varió acorde al nivel de tratamiento hidrotérmico. En frutos sin hidrotérmico el 1-MCP disminuyó velocidad de respiración, no influyó en la pérdida de peso, mantuvo cuatro veces más la firmeza y retrasó el cambio de color de pulpa y el aumento de los sólidos solubles. Sin embargo, bajo tratamiento hidrotérmico por 5 min el 1-MCP incrementó velocidad de respiración, no influyó en la pérdida de peso, mantuvo dos veces más la firmeza de pulpa, retrasó el desarrollo del color de pulpa y mantuvo sin cambios los sólidos solubles. La efectividad del 1-MCP sobre firmeza y pérdida de peso fue significativamente afectada por el tratamiento hidrotérmico de 110 min, y no tuvo ningún efecto sobre el control de enfermedades, sin embargo, el tratamiento con agua caliente por 5 min redujo en más de 50 % la presencia de frutos enfermos. El 1-MCP en combinación con el tratamiento hidrotérmico de 5 min alargó en cinco días la vida de anaquel de los frutos y podría ser una alternativa viable en mercados que no requieren tratamiento hidrotérmico cuarentenario para el control de mosca de la fruta.

  7. Resolution and evolution of the duck-billed platypus karyotype with an X1Y1X2Y2X3Y3X4Y4X5Y5 male sex chromosome constitution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rens, Willem; Grützner, Frank; O'brien, Patricia C M; Fairclough, Helen; Graves, Jennifer A M; Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm A

    2004-11-16

    The platypus (2n = 52) has a complex karyotype that has been controversial over the last three decades. The presence of unpaired chromosomes and an unknown sex-determining system especially has defied attempts at conventional analysis. This article reports on the preparation of chromosome-specific probes from flow-sorted chromosomes and their application in the identification and classification of all platypus chromosomes. This work reveals that the male karyotype has 21 pairs of chromosomes and 10 unpaired chromosomes (E1-E10), which are linked by short regions of homology to form a multivalent chain in meiosis. The female karyotype differs in that five of these unpaired elements (E1, E3, E5, E7, and E9) are each present in duplicate, whereas the remaining five unpaired elements (E2, E4, E6, E8, and E10) are absent. This finding indicates that sex is determined by the alternate segregation of the chain of 10 during spermatogenesis so that equal numbers of sperm bear either one of the two groups of five elements, i.e., five X and five Y chromosomes. Chromosome painting reveals that these X and Y chromosomes contain pairing (XY shared) and differential (X- or Y-specific) segments. Y differential regions must contain male-determining genes, and X differential regions should be dosage-compensated in the female. Two models for the evolution of the sex-determining system are presented. The resolution of the longstanding debate over the platypus karyotype is an important step toward the understanding of mechanisms of sex determination, dosage compensation, and karyotype evolution.

  8. Comportamiento Mecánico Estático de los Instrumentos S1, S2, F1 de Protaper Universal® Bajo Torsión y Doblamiento. Análisis por Elementos Finitos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luisa Fernanda Cartagena

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Propósito: Examinar el comportamiento mecánico estático de los instrumentos ProTaper Universal® S1, S2, F1 bajo torsión y doblamiento teniendo en cuenta las propiedades mecánicas del material, mediante el método de elementos finitos. Metodología: Estudio Observacional descriptivo. Las limas investigadas fueron S1, S2, F1 de ProTaper Universal®, modeladas con el software ANSYS 10 y sometidas a fuerzas de torsión empezando en 0.25N/cm hasta alcanzar el torque máximo recomendado por la casa comercial Maillefer® y doblamiento en un ángulo de 600. Resultados:El máximo esfuerzo ocurre en el núcleo de la sección para todos los instrumentos evaluados;  al incrementar el torque el  esfuerzo  se disipa a la periferia para S1 (D5, D10, D14, S2 (D5, D7, D8, D10, F1 (D2, D3, D5.  La lima S1 al ser sometida a  torsión en D0 y D5 independiente del torque que fuese aplicado el máximo de esfuerzo superaba el límite de deformación plástica en el núcleo de la sección  del instrumento. La lima S2 con torques de  1 ó 1,5 N/cm superó  el límite elástico del material. Lima F1 en D0, D2 con torques de  0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 N/cm el esfuerzo máximo no supero el límite de deformación plástica. En la prueba de doblamiento la gran mayoría de la estructura de las limas S1, S2, F1, se encuentra  por debajo del esfuerzo de ruptura (línea neutral es bastante ancha.Conclusion: Las fuerzas de  torsión para todas la limas del estudio mostraron tener mayor riesgo de separación del instrumento en comparación con  las fuerzas de doblamiento. 

  9. Fabrication of Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu nanocomposites with enhanced fluorescence

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Huiqin; Kang, Jianmiao; Yang, Jianhui; Wu, Biao

    2016-01-01

    Herein, Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu nanocomposites are synthesized through layer-by-layer assembly technology. Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2 core–shell nanospheres were prepared at first in the presence of CTAB in aqueous solution system by the modified one-pot method. A chemical precipitation method and a succeeding calcination process were adopted to the growth of Y_2O_3:Eu shells on the surfaces of Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2 core–shell nanospheres. The structure, morphology and composition of the nanocomposites were confirmed by XRD, TEM and UV–vis absorption spectrum. The prepared Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu nanocomposites have showed the emission intensity enhances to 6.23 times at 30 nm thickness of the silica spacer between the core of Au nanoparticle and the shell of Y_2O_3:Eu. According to the observations of fluorescent lifetime and the modeling of local electric field, the metal-enhanced and quenched fluorescence is closely related with the enhancement of excitation and radiative decay rate and the quenching by NRET comes as a result of competition between the distance-dependent mechanisms. This kind of multifunctional inorganic material will be widely used in electronics, biology and medical drug loading, etc. - Highlights: • Fabrication of Au_n_a_n_o_p_a_r_t_i_c_l_e@mSiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu nanocomposites with core-spacer-shell structure. • The controllable fluorescence is achieved by adjusting the spacer thickness of silica. • The fluorescence enhancement is 6.23-fold at an optimal spacer thickness about 30 nm. • The metal-enhanced fluorescence mechanism is proposed.

  10. mPGES-1-derived PGE2 mediates dehydration natriuresis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jia, Zhanjun; Liu, Gang; Sun, Ying; Kakizoe, Yutaka; Guan, Guangju; Zhang, Aihua; Zhou, Shu-Feng

    2013-01-01

    PGE2 is a natriuretic factor whose production is elevated after water deprivation (WD) but its role in dehydration natriuresis is not well-defined. The goal of the present study was to investigate the role of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) in dehydration natriuresis. After 24-h WD, wild-type (WT) mice exhibited a significant increase in 24-h urinary Na+ excretion accompanied with normal plasma Na+ concentration and osmolality. In contrast, WD-induced elevation of urinary Na+ excretion was completely abolished in mPGES-1 knockout (KO) mice in parallel with increased plasma Na+ concentration and a trend increase in plasma osmolality. WD induced a 1.8-fold increase in urinary PGE2 output and a 1.6-fold increase in PGE2 content in the renal medulla of WT mice, both of which were completely abolished by mPGES-1 deletion. Similar patterns of changes were observed for urinary nitrate/nitrite and cGMP. The natriuresis in dehydrated WT mice was associated with a significant downregulation of renal medullary epithelial Na channel-α mRNA and protein, contrasting to unaltered expressions in dehydrated KO mice. By quantitative RT-PCR, WD increased the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible NOS, and neuronal NOS expressions in the renal medulla of WT mice by 3.9-, 1.48-, and 2.6-fold, respectively, all of which were significantly blocked in mPGES-1 KO mice. The regulation of eNOS expression was further confirmed by immunoblotting. Taken together, our results suggest that mPGES-1-derived PGE2 contributes to dehydration natriuresis likely via NO/cGMP. PMID:23171554

  11. Diabetes tipo 2 en niños: Serie de casos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helard Manrique-Hurtado

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas y bioquímicas de un grupo de niños y adolescentes con diagnóstico reciente de diabetes tipo 2. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, tipo de serie de casos. Se definió caso al niño o adolescente con glucosa plasmática en ayunas mayor a 126 mg/dl, ausencia de antiGAD y péptido C mayor a 1,5 ng/dl. Se excluyeron a los pacientes con diagnóstico previo de diabetes mellitus tipo 1, diabetes tipo MODY o diabetes secundaria a uso de fármacos. Resultados: La edad media fue 14,3 años, 59% fueron mujeres y 43% tenía por lo menos un padre con diabetes tipo 2. Al momento del diagnóstico, el índice de masa corporal fue 32,8 kg/m2, 85% tenía acantosis nigricans y 68% estaba en estadio Tanner IV y V. El tratamiento inicial incluyó el uso de hipoglicemiantes orales en 75% de los casos, siendo más frecuente el uso de metformina (64,3%. Solamente el 41% de los pacientes recibía algún tipo de insulina. Conclusiones: Los niños y adolescentes con diabetes tipo 2, tienen una frecuencia aumentada de obesidad/sobrepeso, acantosis nigricans y antecedente familiar de DM2. En general, tienen mal control metabólico y reciben metformina como tratamiento inicial.

  12. Air-water gas exchange of chlorinated pesticides in four lakes spanning a 1,205 meter elevation range in the Canadian Rocky Mountains.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilkinson, Andrew C; Kimpe, Lynda E; Blais, Jules M

    2005-01-01

    Concentrations of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in air and water were measured from four lakes that transect the Canadian Rocky Mountains. These data were used in combination with wind velocity and temperature-adjusted Henry's law constants to estimate the direction and magnitude of chemical exchange across the air-water interface of these lakes. Bow Lake (1,975 m above sea level [masl]) was studied during the summers of 1998 through 2000; Donald (770 masl) was studied during the summer of 1999; Dixon Dam Lake (946 masl) and Kananaskis Lake (1,667 masl) were studied during the summer of 2000. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and dieldrin volatilized from Bow Lake in spring and summer of 1998 to 2000 at a rate of 0.92 +/-1.1 and 0.55+/-0.37 ng m(-2) d(-1), respectively. The alpha-endosulfan deposited to Bow Lake at a rate of 3.4+/-2.2 ng m(-2) d(-1). Direction of gas exchange for gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH) changed from net deposition in 1998 to net volatilization in 1999, partly because of a surge in y-HCH concentrations in the water at Bow Lake in 1999. Average gamma-HCH concentrations in air declined steadily over the three-year period, from 0.021 ng m(-3) in 1998, to 0.0023 ng m(-3) in 2000, and to volatilization in 1999 and 2000. Neither the concentrations of organochlorine compounds (OCs) in air and water, nor the direction and rate of air-water gas exchange correlate with temperature or elevation. In general, losses of pesticides by outflow were greater than the amount exchanged across the air-water interface in these lakes.

  13. Analysis of Coexisting GPON and NG-PON1 (10G-PON Systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. D. Mraković

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, the simulation model of coexisting GPON and NG-PON1 (10G-PON systems is presented, which has been developed for the analysis of feasibility and implementation issues of this coexistence. The aim was to analyze the impact of the most important parameters of the components that are needed for new network elements, on the performance of these coexistent networks. On the basis of the results obtained, the optimal parameters of the new system components were defined.

  14. M1 muscarinic receptor facilitates cognitive function by interplay with AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Lan-Xue; Ge, Yan-Hui; Xiong, Cai-Hong; Tang, Ling; Yan, Ying-Hui; Law, Ping-Yee; Qiu, Yu; Chen, Hong-Zhuan

    2018-03-06

    M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1 mAChRs) are the most abundant muscarinic receptors in the hippocampus and have been shown to have procognitive effects. AMPA receptors (AMPARs), an important subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors, are key components in neurocognitive networks. However, the role of AMPARs in procognitive effects of M1 mAChRs and how M1 mAChRs affect the function of AMPARs remain poorly understood. Here, we found that basal expression of GluA1, a subunit of AMPARs, and its phosphorylation at Ser845 were maintained by M1 mAChR activity. Activation of M1 mAChRs promoted membrane insertion of GluA1, especially to postsynaptic densities. Impairment of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory by antagonism of M1 mAChRs paralleled the reduction of GluA1 expression, and improvement of learning and memory by activation of M1 mAChRs was accompanied by the synaptic insertion of GluA1 and its increased phosphorylation at Ser845. Furthermore, abrogation of phosphorylation of Ser845 residue of GluA1 ablated M1 mAChR-mediated improvement of learning and memory. Taken together, these results show a functional correlation of M1 mAChRs and GluA1 and the essential role of GluA1 in M1 mAChR-mediated cognitive improvement.-Zhao, L.-X., Ge, Y.-H., Xiong, C.-H., Tang, L., Yan, Y.-H., Law, P.-Y., Qiu, Y., Chen, H.-Z. M1 muscarinic receptor facilitates cognitive function by interplay with AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit.

  15. Envasado de Carne de Vacuno con Hueso y Grasa en Atmósfera Modificada con CO2 y CO

    OpenAIRE

    Aspé, Estrella R; Roeckel, Marlene D; Martí, Cristina; Jiménez, Romel

    2008-01-01

    Se evaluó el efecto de envasado en atmósfera modificada (MAP) con bajo contenido de CO (0.1% y 0.4%) y presencia de CO2 sobre el color rojo y la vida útil de carne de vacuno. Se determinaron características microbiológicas, fisicoquímicas, organolépticas-sensoriales y de color del músculo y se compararon los resultados con el MAP de 70%O2+30%CO2. La vida útil de las muestras con O2 fue de 30 días mientras que para las muestras en MAP la vida útil fue de 40 a 45 días y no dependió de la concen...

  16. Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure, Chemical Stability and Electrical Properties of Transition Metal or Yb-Doped BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1M0.1O3-δ (M = Fe, Ni, Co and Yb

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Behzad eMirfakhraei

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Perovskite-type BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1M0.1O3-δ (M = Fe, Ni, Co and Yb (BZCY-M oxides were synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction method at 1350-1550 oC in air in order to investigate the effect of dopants on sintering, crystal structure, chemical stability under CO2 and H2S, and electrical transport properties. The formation of the single-phase perovskite-type structure with an orthorhombic space group Imam was confirmed by Rietveld refinement using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD for the Fe, Co, Ni and Yb-doped samples. The BZCY-Co and BZCY-Ni oxides show a total electrical conductivity of 0.01 and 8 × 10-3 Scm-1 at 600 oC in wet H2 with an activation energy of 0.36 and 0.41 eV, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX revealed Ba and Co rich secondary phase at the grain-boundaries, which may explain the enhancement in the total conductivity of the BZCY-Co. However, ex-solution of Ni at higher sintering temperatures, especially at 1550 oC, decreases the total conductivity of the BZCY-Ni material. The Co and Ni dopants act as a sintering aid and form dense pellets at a lower sintering temperature of 1250 oC. The Fe, Co and Ni-doped BZCY-M samples synthesized at 1350 oC show stability in 30 ppm H2S/H2 at 800 oC, and increasing the firing temperature to 1550 oC, enhanced the chemical stability in CO2 / N2 (1: 2 at 25-900 oC. The BZCY-Co and Ni compounds with high conductivity in wet H2 could be considered as possible anodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs.

  17. Tyrosine 129 of the murine gammaherpesvirus M2 protein is critical for M2 function in vivo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rangaswamy, Udaya S; O'Flaherty, Brigid M; Speck, Samuel H

    2014-01-01

    A common strategy shared by all known gammaherpesviruses is their ability to establish a latent infection in lymphocytes--predominantly in B cells. In immunocompromised patients, such as transplant recipients or AIDS patients, gammaherpesvirus infections can lead to the development of lymphoproliferative disease and lymphoid malignancies. The human gamma-herpesviruses, EBV and KSHV, encode proteins that are capable of modulating the host immune signaling machinery, thereby subverting host immune responses. Murine gamma-herpesvirus 68 (MHV68) infection of laboratory strains of mice has proven to be useful small-animal model that shares important pathogenic strategies with the human gamma-herpesviruses. The MHV68 M2 protein is known to manipulate B cell signaling and, dependent on route and dose of virus inoculation, plays a role in both the establishment of latency and virus reactivation. M2 contains two tyrosines that are targets for phosphorylation, and have been shown to interact with the B cell signaling machinery. Here we describe in vitro and in vivo studies of M2 mutants which reveals that while both tyrosines Y120 and Y129 are required for M2 induction of IL-10 expression from primary murine B cells in vitro, only Y129 is critical for reactivation from latency and plasma cell differentiation in vivo.

  18. Tyrosine 129 of the murine gammaherpesvirus M2 protein is critical for M2 function in vivo.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Udaya S Rangaswamy

    Full Text Available A common strategy shared by all known gammaherpesviruses is their ability to establish a latent infection in lymphocytes--predominantly in B cells. In immunocompromised patients, such as transplant recipients or AIDS patients, gammaherpesvirus infections can lead to the development of lymphoproliferative disease and lymphoid malignancies. The human gamma-herpesviruses, EBV and KSHV, encode proteins that are capable of modulating the host immune signaling machinery, thereby subverting host immune responses. Murine gamma-herpesvirus 68 (MHV68 infection of laboratory strains of mice has proven to be useful small-animal model that shares important pathogenic strategies with the human gamma-herpesviruses. The MHV68 M2 protein is known to manipulate B cell signaling and, dependent on route and dose of virus inoculation, plays a role in both the establishment of latency and virus reactivation. M2 contains two tyrosines that are targets for phosphorylation, and have been shown to interact with the B cell signaling machinery. Here we describe in vitro and in vivo studies of M2 mutants which reveals that while both tyrosines Y120 and Y129 are required for M2 induction of IL-10 expression from primary murine B cells in vitro, only Y129 is critical for reactivation from latency and plasma cell differentiation in vivo.

  19. Selective mGAT2 (BGT-1) GABA Uptake Inhibitor

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Vogensen, Stine Byskov; Jørgensen, Lars; Madsen, Karsten Kirkegaard

    2013-01-01

    β-Amino acids sharing a lipophilic diaromatic side chain were synthesized and characterized pharmacologically on mouse GABA transporter subtypes mGAT1−4. The parent amino acids were also characterized. Compounds 13a, 13b, and 17b displayed more than 6-fold selectivity for mGAT2 over mGAT1. Compou...... 17b displayed anticonvulsive properties inferring a role of mGAT2 in epileptic disorders. These results provide new neuropharmacological tools and a strategy for designing subtype selective GABA transport inhibitors....

  20. TestNG beginner's guide

    CERN Document Server

    Menon, Varun

    2013-01-01

    This book is written in a friendly, beginner's guide style with plenty of step-by-step instructions with appropriate examples.This book is great for developers and testers who are new to TestNg and want to learn how to use TestNG for writing their application as well as functional tests. This book assumes that you have experience in Java and OOPs concepts and have worked with certain IDE.

  1. Nanopowders Y{sub 1y}Nd{sub y}V{sub 1−x}Cr{sub x}O{sub 4} with y=0 and 1; x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 synthesized by a sol–gel process. Relationship between morphological characteristics and optical properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alcaraz, L. [Departamento de Química Inorgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Isasi, J., E-mail: isasi@quim.ucm.es [Departamento de Química Inorgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Caballero, A.C. [Departamento de Electrocerámica, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (CSIC), Kelsen, 5, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Izquierdo, J.G.; Bañares, L. [Departamento de Química Física I and Centro de Láseres Ultrarrápidos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid (Spain)

    2015-05-15

    Y{sub 1y}Nd{sub y}V{sub 1−x}Cr{sub x}O{sub 4} nanopowders with y=0 and 0.1; x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5, have been synthetized by a sol–gel process followed by heating in an oxygen flow. This second treatment was done only in the case of samples containing chromium. The samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The structural analysis revealed that when chromium was inserted at vanadium-sites in Y{sub 0.9}Nd{sub 0.1}VO{sub 4}, the host retained the tetragonal symmetry corresponding to a zircon-type structure, attributed to the space group I4{sub 1}/amd. In addition, a loss of crystallinity was observed when chromium substitutes vanadium into the Y{sub 0.9}Nd{sub 0.1}VO{sub 4} host. The morphological studies revealed agglomerates of spherical particles whose size is increased with the Cr content and confirmed the composition of all synthetized samples. FTIR spectra of these samples exhibit a broadening and a slight shift of the bands around 830 cm{sup −1} towards higher values of frequency when the chromium content increases. The effect of vanadium substitution by chromium on the optical properties was also evaluated by UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The broad UV band absorption is due to the presence of Cr{sup 5+}. A decrease of PL emission is found when chromium substitutes vanadium in the YVO{sub 4} host. - Highlights: • Nanophosphors Y{sub 1y}Nd{sub y}V{sub 1−x}Cr{sub x}O{sub 4} with y=0, 0.1 and x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 have been synthesized. • Structural analysis reveals structural distortions associated to chromium insertion. • Morphological studies confirm the nanocristalline size and the stoichiometry of synthesized samples. • Chromium insertion causes a decrease of the PL emission intensity.

  2. Word Frequency Analysis MOS: 95C. Skill Levels 1 & 2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1981-05-01

    EMTAEEN I Bt.ANKST 2 BLANK-. S 1 SLIND I BREA~ CNCD I EGICK I Of I flf.NG 2 BR~OKE N 1 BULBS t BLNK 2 aUtK. 2 BUT 14 By 3 C 9 C ,;LL I CALLS 4 CAN 1 C’O0... POLICIES 4 PCPULATION I PCta 7 PEP7.3m 3 PCSIT ION I POSSIBLE I FC!TS I I’!’!P .q I P.,FPsCRIBED 2 PkEt NCE I PRESENT 1 ppVi l I PR Iok 54 PR I SCNER

  3. Nanopowders Y1yNdyV1−xCrxO4 with y=0 and 1; x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 synthesized by a sol–gel process. Relationship between morphological characteristics and optical properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alcaraz, L.; Isasi, J.; Caballero, A.C.; Izquierdo, J.G.; Bañares, L.

    2015-01-01

    Y 1y Nd y V 1−x Cr x O 4 nanopowders with y=0 and 0.1; x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5, have been synthetized by a sol–gel process followed by heating in an oxygen flow. This second treatment was done only in the case of samples containing chromium. The samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The structural analysis revealed that when chromium was inserted at vanadium-sites in Y 0.9 Nd 0.1 VO 4 , the host retained the tetragonal symmetry corresponding to a zircon-type structure, attributed to the space group I4 1 /amd. In addition, a loss of crystallinity was observed when chromium substitutes vanadium into the Y 0.9 Nd 0.1 VO 4 host. The morphological studies revealed agglomerates of spherical particles whose size is increased with the Cr content and confirmed the composition of all synthetized samples. FTIR spectra of these samples exhibit a broadening and a slight shift of the bands around 830 cm −1 towards higher values of frequency when the chromium content increases. The effect of vanadium substitution by chromium on the optical properties was also evaluated by UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The broad UV band absorption is due to the presence of Cr 5+ . A decrease of PL emission is found when chromium substitutes vanadium in the YVO 4 host. - Highlights: • Nanophosphors Y 1y Nd y V 1−x Cr x O 4 with y=0, 0.1 and x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 have been synthesized. • Structural analysis reveals structural distortions associated to chromium insertion. • Morphological studies confirm the nanocristalline size and the stoichiometry of synthesized samples. • Chromium insertion causes a decrease of the PL emission intensity

  4. 22 Page 1 www.jopat.gov.ng JOPAT Vol. 15(2)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    COMPASIONATE

    insoluble ash (1% and 1%), water soluble extractive value (2.8% and 3.8%) and crude fibre (3.6% and. 5.2%). ... neuro-toxic, nephro-toxic and hypertensive while few ... and fat metabolism, detoxification, secretion of bile and storage of vitamin.

  5. Artrodesis C1C2 con tornillos transarticulares en artritis reumatoidea: experiencia y revisión de la literatura Artrodese C1 C2 com parafusos transarticulares em artrite reumatoide: experiência e revisão de literatura C1 C2 arthrodesis with transarticular screws in rheumatoid arthritis: experience and literature review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lyonel Beaulieu Lalanne

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Describir los resultados clínicos e imagenológicos utilizando la técnica de fijación C1 C2 con tornillos transarticulares y asas de alambre en pacientes portadores de AR en un seguimiento a largo plazo y revisar la literatura actual. MÉTODO: Entre los años 2002 y 2006, 11 pacientes (9 mujeres y 2 hombres con inestabilidad C1 C2 secundaria a AR fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente. Se realizó fijación C1 C2 con tornillos transarticulares por vía posterior más asas de alambre y aplicación de injerto óseo autólogo de cresta ilíaca. Se registró Índice de Ranawat pre y posoperatorio, Distancia Anterior Atlas Odontoides (DAAO pre y posoperatorio, tiempo operatorio, días de hospitalización, complicaciones intra y posoperatorias y tiempo de consolidación radiológica, con un seguimiento promedio de 34 meses. RESULTADOS: Todos los pacientes presentaron mejoría del Índice de Ranawat en el postoperatorio. La DAAO preoperatoria promedio fue de 11,9 mm (DS ± 2,57, rango 7 a 16, y la DAAO postoperatoria promedio fue de 3 mm (DS ± 1,20, rango 2 a 6. El tiempo quirúrgico fue de 94 minutos en promedio y el promedio de días de hospitalización fue de 7 días. No se presentaron complicaciones intraoperatorias. Un caso presentó seroma de herida operatoria que requirió tratamiento quirúrgico. El tiempo de consolidación fue en promedio 14 semanas. CONCLUSIÓN: La artrodesis atlantoaxial con tornillos y amarras es una buena alternativa para el manejo de la inestabilidad C1-C2 en pacientes portadores de AR, consiguiendo buenos resultados clínicos e imagenológicos en un seguimiento a largo plazo.OBJETIVO: Apresentar a experiência com a técnica de fixação C1-C2 com parafusos transarticulares e cerclagem de fio metálico nos pacientes portadores de AR, assim como a revisão da literatura. MÉTODO: Entre os anos 2002 e 2006, 11 pacientes (9 mulheres e 2 homens com instabilidade C1-C2 e portadores de AR foram submetidos a

  6. Microstructure and tensile properties of oxide dispersion strengthened Fe–14Cr–0.3Y2O3 and Fe–14Cr–2W–0.3Ti–0.3Y2O3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Auger, M.A.; Castro, V. de; Leguey, T.; Monge, M.A.; Muñoz, A.; Pareja, R.

    2013-01-01

    Two ODS ferritic steels with nominal compositions (wt.%): Fe–14Cr–0.3Y 2 O 3 and Fe–14Cr–2W–0.3Ti–0.3Y 2 O 3 have been produced by mechanical alloying and consolidation by hot isostatic pressing. The microstructure and tensile properties of these materials after being forged and heat-treated at 1123 K have been investigated to clarify the interrelation between composition, microstructure and mechanical properties. The second-phase precipitates in these alloys have been analyzed by high-angle annular dark-field imaging in scanning TEM mode and electron diffraction. Fe–14Cr–2W–0.3Ti–0.3Y 2 O 3 exhibits a duplex microstructure consisting of large recrystallized grains, as large as 1.5 μm, and unrecovered regions containing submicron equiaxed grains. In addition, three types of secondary phase particles have been found: large M 23 C 6 particles containing W and Cr, (Cr + Ti) rich spherical particles with diameters between 50 and 500 nm, and fine (Y + Ti) oxide particles with sizes below 30 nm. In contrast, Fe14CrY shows a uniform structure of equiaxed grains, with sizes in the range 0.5–3 μm, containing a fine dispersion of Y oxide particles ( 2 O 3 at temperatures up to 773 K, but the opposite appears to occur beyond this temperature

  7. The mutual dependence of M1 fertility and M2 mutations in rice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gopinathan Nair, V.

    1982-01-01

    The mutual dependence of M 1 fertility and M 2 mutations in rice was studied after treatment with gamma rays and EMS. The frequency of chlorophyll mutations increased with decrease in seed fertility when M 1 ears were selected at random. However, at the lowest fertility class the mutation frequency was low. This reduction is attributed to the elimination of mutants in the high sterility class. The mutation yield can therefore be significantly enhanced by selecting M 1 ears of low fertility. The segregation ratio of mutants increased as fertility decreased. Mutation spectrum was however not influenced by M 1 fertility. This makes selection for fertility quite ineffective in altering the mutation spectrum. (author)

  8. Susceptibilidad a insectos en selecciones y variedades de annona muricata l. y persea americana m. en Puerto Rico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Irma Cabrera

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available En Puerto Rico se han reportado varios insectos en las guanábanas (Annona muricata L. y los aguacates (Persea americana M, sin embargo los de mayor importancia son el barrenador de la semilla Bephratelloides cubensis (A. y Apate monacha (F. en A. muricata y Pseudacysta persea (F. en P. americana. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue determinar la incidencia de B. cubensis y A. monacha en seis selecciones de guanábana y en siete variedades de aguacate. De las evaluaciones realizadas en A. muricata, se observó que las selecciones IV-10, VII-14 y VI-1 mostraron la mayor incidencia y la IV-16 mostró la menor incidencia de B. cubensis en relación al número de barrenos por fruta. En cuanto a la incidencia de A. monacha en A. muricata las selecciones IV-16, IV-2, IV-3, VII-14 presentaron la mayor incidencia de barrenos por árbol. En las evaluaciones realizadas en Persea americana se seleccionaron las variedades Ávila, Semil 34, Wilson Popenoe, Pollock, Candelaria, Semil 43 y Butler como las variedades comerciales más sembradas en Puerto Rico. Se observó que la variedad Avila obtuvo el mayor número de huevos, ninfas, hembras y machos de P. persea por hojas comparadas con las demás variedades. Respecto al número de hojas infestadas por árbol se encontró valores significativos (P≤0,01 en la variedad Avila. Resultando tener un 90% de las hojas dañadas. No se observó que las variedades evaluadas tuviese baja o ninguna preferencia a P. Persea

  9. New view on In{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}N{sub y}As{sub 1-y}alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Elyukhin, Vyacheslav A. [Departamento de Ingenieria Electrica, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Mexico (Mexico)

    2015-12-15

    Semiconductors with isoelectronic centers are actively studied to fabricate arrays of identical single photon emitters. Self-assembling of 4N10In and 1N4In clusters in GaAs-rich In{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}N{sub y}As{sub 1-y} is represented. All or almost all In atoms are in 4N10In clusters from 0 to 800 C in In{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}N{sub y}As{sub 1-y} with x = 1 x 10{sup -4}, y = 1 x 10{sup -4} and x = 1 x 10{sup -5}, y = 1 x 10{sup -5}. All or almost all nitrogen atoms are in 1N4In clusters if x = 0.01, y = 1 x 10{sup -4} and x = 1 x 10{sup -3}, y = 1 x 10{sup -6}. There are both types of clusters in alloys with x = 5 x 10{sup -5}, y = 5 x 10{sup -7}; x = 2 x 10{sup -4}, y = 2 x 10{sup -6}; x = 1 x 10{sup -4}, y = 1 x 10{sup -5} and x = 2 x 10{sup -3}, y = 2 x 10{sup -4} and portions of nitrogen atoms in clusters depend on the composition and temperature. Thus, In{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}N{sub y}As{sub 1-y} are promising semiconductors to obtain arrays of identical isoelectronic clusters with the desirable density. (copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  10. Inteligencias múltiples y dificultades de aprendizaje

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nuria González Castellano

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Cada vez más, encontramos que tanto colegios como institutos tratan de incluir metodologías más innovadoras y activas, como es trabajar de forma cooperativa, colaborativa, es decir, formando grupos de trabajo heterogéneos que ayuden al alumnado a trabajar de forma conjunta, equilibrada y así favorecer su aprendizaje. Por este motivo, en este programa de orientación e intervención psicopedagógica nos vamos a centrar en utilizar este tipo de metodología cooperativa junto con las Inteligencias Múltiples y así contribuir en el aprendizaje de los alumnos de forma más activa y constructivista. A través de los tres ámbitos de los que está compuesta la orientación educativa, Acción Tutorial, Atención a la Diversidad y Orientación Académica y Profesional, vamos a estimular las diferentes inteligencias de nuestros alumnos además de hacer ver que cualquier dificultad no tiene por qué ser un impedimento para seguir avanzando, sino todo lo contrario, tratamos de trabajar de manera inclusiva dentro del aula, ya que todos los objetivos que se proponen en este programa de intervención pueden ser conseguidos por todos los alumnos sin presentarle ninguna barrera que se lo impida.

  11. Vitamin D Deficiency in Relation to the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pan, Guo-Tao; Guo, Jian-Feng; Mei, Shao-Lin; Zhang, Meng-Xi; Hu, Zhi-Yong; Zhong, Chong-Ke; Zeng, Chang-You; Liu, Xiao-Hong; Ma, Qing-Hua; Li, Bing-Yan; Qin, Li-Qiang; Zhang, Zeng-Li

    2016-01-01

    Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent all over the world and dietary intakes of vitamin D are very low in China. In this study we aimed to determine whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients aged over 50 y. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were measured in a cross-sectional sample of 270 T2DM patients aged over 50 y from Zhejiang. Data on demographic characteristics, anthropometry and other variables were collected. The mean of serum 25(OH)D was 22.93 ng/mL, and percentages of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were 43.71% and 39.63%, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly lower in subjects with MetS than in those without MetS (21.74 vs 24.96 ng/mL, p=0.001), and the prevalence of MetS significantly increased according to tertiles of serum 25(OH)D concentrations. After adjusting for multivariate factors, the adverse effect of lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations was significant (OR: 3.26, 95% CI: 1.03-7.34; p=0.044) in the group with BMI≥24 kg/m 2 while the change in OR of MetS for each 10 ng/mL decrease in the serum 25(OH)D concentrations was 2.03 (95% CI: 1.10-3.79). These results suggest that serum 25(OH)D deficiency may be a risk factor of MetS among Chinese type 2 diabetic patients, especially in the T2DM with BMI≥24 kg/m 2 . The challenge is determining the mechanisms of vitamin D action for recommendation of vitamin D supplementation that reduces the risks of MetS and progression to T2DM.

  12. IL4I1 Is a Novel Regulator of M2 Macrophage Polarization That Can Inhibit T Cell Activation via L-Tryptophan and Arginine Depletion and IL-10 Production.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yinpu Yue

    Full Text Available Interleukin 4-induced gene-1 (IL4I1 was initially described as an early IL-4-inducible gene in B cells. IL4I1 protein can inhibit T cell proliferation by releasing its enzymatic catabolite, H2O2, and this effect is associated with transient down-regulation of T cell CD3 receptor-zeta (TCRζ expression. Herein, we show that IL4I1 contributes to the regulation of macrophage programming. We found that expression of IL4I1 increased during bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM differentiation, expression of IL4I1 is much higher in primary macrophages than monocytes, and IL4I1 expression in BMDMs could be induced by Th1 and Th2 cytokines in two different patterns. Gene expression analysis revealed that overexpression of IL4I1 drove the expression of M2 markers (Fizz1, Arg1, YM-1, MR and inhibited the expression of M1-associated cytokines. Conversely, knockdown of IL4I1 by siRNA resulted in opposite effects, and also attenuated STAT-3 and STAT-6 phosphorylation. Furthermore, IL4I1 produced by macrophages catalyzed L-tryptophan degradation, while levo-1-methyl-tryptophan (L-1-MT, but not dextro-1-methyl-tryptophan, partially rescued IL4I1-dependent inhibition of T cell activation. Other inhibitors, such as diphenylene iodonium (DPI, an anti-IL-10Rα blocking antibody, and a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, also had this effect. Overall, our findings indicate that IL4I1 promotes an enhanced M2 functional phenotype, which is most likely associated with the phosphorylation of STAT-6 and STAT-3. Moreover, DPI, L-1-MT, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, and anti-IL-10Rα blocking antibody were all found to be effective IL4I1 inhibitors in vitro.

  13. Effect of Sr substitution on superconductivity in Hg2(Ba1-ySry)2YCu2O8-d (part2): bond valence sum approach of the hole distribution

    OpenAIRE

    Toulemonde, P.; Odier, P.; Bordet, P.; Floch, S. Le; Suard, E.

    2004-01-01

    The effects of Sr substitution on superconductivity, and more particulary the changes induced in the hole doping mechanism, were investigated in Hg2(Ba1-ySry)2YCu2O8-d by a "bond valence sum" analysis with Sr content from y = 0.0 to y = 1.0. A comparison with CuBa2YCu2O7-d and Cu2Ba2YCu2O8 systems suggests a possible explanation of the Tc enhancement from 0 K for y = 0.0 to 42 K for y = 1.0. The charge distribution among atoms of the unit cell was determined from the refined structure, for y ...

  14. Analysis of axonal regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems of the NG2-deficient mouse

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lieberman Alexander R

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan NG2 blocks neurite outgrowth in vitro and has been proposed as a major inhibitor of axonal regeneration in the CNS. Although a substantial body of evidence underpins this hypothesis, it is challenged by recent findings including strong expression of NG2 in regenerating peripheral nerve. Results We studied axonal regeneration in the PNS and CNS of genetically engineered mice that do not express NG2, and in sex and age matched wild-type controls. In the CNS, we used anterograde tracing with BDA to study corticospinal tract (CST axons after spinal cord injury and transganglionic labelling with CT-HRP to trace ascending sensory dorsal column (DC axons after DC lesions and a conditioning lesion of the sciatic nerve. Injury to these fibre tracts resulted in no difference between knockout and wild-type mice in the ability of CST axons or DC axons to enter or cross the lesion site. Similarly, after dorsal root injury (with conditioning lesion, most regenerating dorsal root axons failed to grow across the dorsal root entry zone in both transgenic and wild-type mice. Following sciatic nerve injuries, functional recovery was assessed by analysis of the toe-spreading reflex and cutaneous sensitivity to Von Frey hairs. Anatomical correlates of regeneration were assessed by: retrograde labelling of regenerating dorsal root ganglion (DRG cells with DiAsp; immunostaining with PGP 9.5 to visualise sensory reinnervation of plantar hindpaws; electron microscopic analysis of regenerating axons in tibial and digital nerves; and by silver-cholinesterase histochemical study of motor end plate reinnervation. We also examined functional and anatomical correlates of regeneration after injury of the facial nerve by assessing the time taken for whisker movements and corneal reflexes to recover and by retrograde labelling of regenerated axons with Fluorogold and DiAsp. None of the anatomical or functional analyses

  15. Luminescence properties of LiSr2Y1-xLnxO4 (Ln=Eu,Tb,Tm) (0≤x≤1)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kubota, S.; Suzuyama, Y.; Yamane, H.; Shimada, M.

    1998-01-01

    Investigations of the luminescence properties of LiSr 2 Y 1-x Eu x O 4 , LiSr 2 Y 1-x Tb x O 4 and LiSr 2 Y 1-x Tm x O 4 (0≤x≤1) at room temperature are reported. These samples were synthesized by a solid state reaction. The excitation spectra of Tb 3+ emission in LiSr 2 Y 1-x Tb x O 4 (0≤x≤1) consist of broad bands corresponding to a transition between the 4f 8 and 4f 7 5d 1 states of Tb 3+ . The maximum intensity is situated at about 318 nm. This is at a much longer wavelength than those of other Tb 3+ doped phosphors. This is explained by a large offset of the adiabatic potential curve of the 4f 7 5d 1 state. (orig.)

  16. Internal (m=1, n=1) and (m=2, n=1) resistive modes in the toroidal Tokomak with circular cross sections

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bussac, M.N.; Pellat, R.; Edery, D.; Soule, J.L.

    1976-01-01

    A linear analysis is presented of the toroidal coupling between the internal resistive modes (m=1, n=1) and (m=2, n=1) in the Tokomak with circular cross sections. One includes the resistive and diamagnetic effects in the singular layers where the safety factor q takes respectively the values one and two. By expanding the MHD equations in powers of epsilon, the local inverse of the aspect ratio, one obtains a system of two coupled equations for the harmonic amplitudes. When the shear is finite on q=1, the toroidal coupling is negligible. In the opposite limit, one can explain: the experimental behaviour of the (m=1, n=1) mode before the internal disruption; the simultaneous observation of the modes (m=1, n=1) and [de

  17. Comportamiento parabólico del crecimiento de capas boradas en los aceros Y8A y X12M // Parabolic behavior of boriding layers growth in Y8A and X12M steels

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. Figueroa Hernández

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Se determina la influencia que tienen los principales parámetros tecnológicos del borado en el crecimiento de las capas y secorrobora el cumplimiento de la ley parabólica para predecir este comportamiento en los aceros Y8A y X12M.El proceso de borado se aplica en una mezcla de carburo de silicio y bórax (70 y 30 % a la temperatura de 850, 900 y 950 oCdurante un tiempo de 2, 4 y 6 horas. Como variable dependiente se seleccionó la profundidad del recubrimiento, a partir de lacual se obtuvieron los coeficientes del crecimiento parabólico y la energía de activación en función de la temperatura, el tiempodel proceso y el tipo de acero.La caracterización metalográfica reveló la presencia de la fase Fe2BPalabras claves: Borado, recubrimiento superf icial , t ecnología de recubrimiento.__________________________________________________________________________AbstractIt was determined the influence of the main technological parameters of the boriding process, and a mathematical model thatallows to predict this conduct on the steels Y8A and X12M steels was obtained.The boriding process is applied in a mixture of silicon carbide and borax (70 and 30% at 850, 900 and 950 oC temperatureduring a period of time 2, 4 and 6 hours. As an independent variable the depth of the coat was selected.It was obtained the parabolic growth coefficients, and the activation energy according to temperature, time and the chemicalcomposition of steel.Metallografic analysis reveals the presence of Fe2B phase.Key words: Boriding process, superf icial coat , coat technology.

  18. Relationship of Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1 Level with Onset and Severity in Normotensive Pregnancy and Severe Preeclampsia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John Johannes Wantania

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Background: Preeclampsia still becomes a major problem in pregnancies. Various evidences showed that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1 is very important in pregnancy. This study aims to understand the relationship of heme oxygenase-1 level with onset and severity in normotensive pregnancy and severe preeclampsia. Methods: This is a cross sectional analytic comparative study, the subjects consisted of 26 patients with normotensive pregnancies and 26 patients with severe preeclampsia. Blood samples from women with < 34 / ≥ 34 weeks’ normotensive pregnancies and women with severe preeclampsia were taken. HO-1 ELISA kit used to quantitate heme oxygenase-1 level in samples. Results: The level of heme oxygenase-1 in normotensive pregnant women < 34 weeks lower than severe preeclampsia pregnant women < 34 weeks (3.28 ± 0.46 ng/mL vs 4.20 ± 0.64 ng/mL, p=0.003, respectively. The median level of heme oxygenase-1 in normotensive pregnant women ≥ 34 weeks was 2.96 (2.41–4.39 ng/mL, while severe preeclampsia pregnant women ≥ 34 weeks was 3.52 (2.88–5.43 ng/mL, (p=0.040. The median level of heme oxygenase-1 in normotensive pregnant women was 3.04 (2.41–4.39 ng/mL, while severe preeclampsia pregnant women was 3.68 (2.88–5.67 ng/mL, (p=0.001. Conclusions: There is correlation between the incidence of severe preeclampsia with heme oxygenase-1 level in < 34 and ≥ 34 weeks of pregnancy. There is a significant difference between the level of heme oxygenase-1 in pregnant women with severe preeclampsia and in women with normotensive pregnancy. 

  19. Hans Küng: "Projekt Weltethos "

    OpenAIRE

    Altmanninger, Maria

    2002-01-01

    Bei dieser Arbeit werde ich mich vor Allem auf zwei Werke beziehen: Küng,Hans:Projekt Weltethos.Piper.München 1990. Küng,Hans;Kuschel,Karl-Josef (Hg.):Weltfrieden durch Religionsfrieden.Die unter Punkt Acht aufgeführte Stellungnahme wurde ausschließlich von mir verfasst.

  20. Efecto del recubrimiento comestible sobre los atributos físicoquímicos de mango 'Tommy Atkins' mínimamente procesado y refrigerado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Saúl Dussán-Sarria

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available El mango presenta una corta vida poscosecha. La tecnología de frutas mínimamente procesadas (cortadas es una alternativa adecuada para su conservación y comercialización. En este estudio fueron evaluados los atributos de calidad del mango 'Tommy Atkins' mínimamente procesado durante el almacenamiento refrigerado. Tambien el efecto de un recubrimiento comestible de almidón de yuca y cera de carnauba tratado previamente con ácidos orgánicos (1% y CaCl2, (1% y se evaluó el efecto de dos bolsas de polietileno, bandeja de poliestireno cubiertas con PVC y PET. El experimento fue conducido en bloques completamente al azar y para el análisis estadístico fue utilizado el programa SAS 9.3 y la prueba de Tukey a nivel de 5% de significancia. El fruto fue almacenado a 5±1°C y 90±2% de HR y cada cuatro días, hasta el día 24 fueron medidos los atributos de calidad (color, firmeza, pH, acidez titulable y sólidos solubles. El mango mínimamente procesado tratado con ácido cítrico, ácido ascórbico, CaCl2, y recubrimiento comestible, asociado al empaque PET fue el tratamiento agroindustrial que extendió la vida útil en por lo menos 24 días.

  1. Sestrin2 inhibits mTORC1 through modulation of GATOR complexes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Jeong Sig; Ro, Seung-Hyun; Kim, Myungjin; Park, Hwan-Woo; Semple, Ian A.; Park, Haeli; Cho, Uhn-Soo; Wang, Wei; Guan, Kun-Liang; Karin, Michael; Lee, Jun Hee (Michigan); (UCSD)

    2015-03-30

    Sestrins are stress-inducible metabolic regulators that suppress a wide range of age- and obesity-associated pathologies, many of which are due to mTORC1 overactivation. Upon various stresses, the Sestrins inhibit mTORC1 activity through an indirect mechanism that is still unclear. GATORs are recently identified protein complexes that regulate the activity of RagB, a small GTPase essential for mTORC1 activation. GATOR1 is a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for RagB whereas GATOR2 functions as an inhibitor of GATOR1. However, how the GATORs are physiologically regulated is unknown. Here we show that Sestrin2 binds to GATOR2, and liberates GATOR1 from GATOR2-mediated inhibition. Released GATOR1 subsequently binds to and inactivates RagB, ultimately resulting in mTORC1 suppression. Consistent with this biochemical mechanism, genetic ablation of GATOR1 nullifies the mTORC1-inhibiting effect of Sestrin2 in both cell culture and Drosophila models. Collectively, we elucidate a new signaling cascade composed of Sestrin2-GATOR2-GATOR1-RagB that mediates stress-dependent suppression of mTORC1 activity.

  2. Formation of bulk metallic glasses in the Fe-M-Y-B (M = transition metal) system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huang, X.M. [International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM) and Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Chang, C.T. [Institute for Material Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Chang, Z.Y.; Wang, X.D.; Cao, Q.P. [International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM) and Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Shen, B.L.; Inoue, A. [Institute for Material Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Jiang, J.Z. [International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM) and Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China)], E-mail: jiangjz@zju.edu.cn

    2008-07-28

    In this work, quaternary Fe{sub 72-x}M{sub x}Y{sub 6}B{sub 22} (M = Ni, Co and Mo) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have been developed. It is found that a fully amorphous Fe{sub 68}Mo{sub 4}Y{sub 6}B{sub 22} cylindrical rod with 6.5 mm in diameter can be prepared by copper mold injection. These alloys have a high glass transition temperature of about 900 K with high fracture strengths up to about 3 GPa although they are still brittle. Magnetic measurements reveal that they are ferromagnetic at ambient temperature with low coercive force of about 2 A/m, saturation magnetization of about 0.7 T and effective permeability of about 7000 at 100 kHz. The newly developed Fe-based quaternary alloys exhibit excellent combination properties: superior glass forming ability (GFA), high glass transition temperature, and soft magnetic properties, which could have potential applications in electronic industries. Furthermore, the effect of Mo addition on GFA in the Fe-Y-B BMG system has been discussed compared with those of Ni and Co additions.

  3. Th1/M1 conversion to Th2/M2 responses in models of inflammation lacking cell death stimulates maturation of monocyte precursors to fibroblasts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JoAnn eTrial

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available We have demonstrated that cardiac fibrosis arises from the differentiation of monocyte-derived fibroblasts. We present here evidence that this process requires sequential Th1 and Th2 induction promoting analogous M1 (classically activated and M2 (alternatively activated macrophage polarity. Our models are 1 mice subjected to daily repetitive ischemia reperfusion (I/R without infarction and 2 the in vitro transmigration of human mononuclear leukocytes through human cardiac microvascular endothelium. In the mouse heart, leukocytes entered after I/R in response to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 which is the major cytokine induced by this protocol. Monocytes within the heart then differentiated into fibroblasts making collagen while bearing the markers of M2 macrophages. T cells were seen in these hearts as well as in the human heart with cardiomyopathy. In the in vitro model, transmigration of the leukocytes was likewise induced by MCP-1 and some monocytes matured into fibroblasts bearing M2 markers. In this model, the MCP-1 stimulus induced a transient Th1 and M1 response that developed into a predominately Th2 and M2 response. An increase in the Th2 product IL-13 was present in both the human and the mouse models, consistent with its known role in fibrosis. In these simplified models, in which there is no cell death to stimulate an anti-inflammatory response, there is nonetheless a resolution of inflammation enabling a profibrotic environment. This induces the maturation of monocyte precursors into fibroblasts.

  4. M-theory solutions invariant under D(2,1; γ) + D(2,1;γ)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bachas, C.; D'Hoker, E.; Estes, J.; Krym, D.

    2014-01-01

    We simplify and extend the construction of half-BPS solutions to 11-dimensional supergravity, with isometry superalgebra D(2,1;γ) + D(2,1;γ). Their space-time has the form AdS 3 x S 3 x S 3 warped over a Riemann surface Σ. It describes near-horizon geometries of M2 branes ending on, or intersecting with, M5 branes along a common string. The general solution to the BPS equations is specified by a reduced set of data (γ, h, G), where γ is the real parameter of the isometry superalgebra, and h and G are functions on Σ whose differential equations and regularity conditions depend only on the sign of γ. The magnitude of γ enters only through the map of h,G onto the supergravity fields, thereby promoting all solutions into families parametrized by vertical stroke γ vertical stroke. By analyzing the regularity conditions for the supergravity fields, we prove two general theorems: (i) that the only solution with a 2-dimensional CFT dual is AdS 3 x S 3 x S 3 x R 2 , modulo discrete identifications of the flat R 2 , and (ii) that solutions with γ 4 /Z 2 or AdS 7 ' regions; highly-curved M5-branes; and a coordinate singularity called the ''cap''. By putting these ''Lego'' pieces together we recover all known global regular solutions with the above symmetry, including the self-dual strings on M5 for γ 0, but now promoted to families parametrized by vertical stroke γ vertical stroke. We also construct exactly new regular solutions which are asymptotic to AdS 4 /Z 2 for γ 0 solutions with highly curved M5-brane regions, which are the formal continuation of the self-dual string solutions across the decompactification point at γ = 0. (Copyright copyright 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  5. Efectividad, seguridad y uso de ibuprofeno no sujeto a prescripción médica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caelles Franch N

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN Los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos se encuentran entre los fármacos más consumidos del mundo. En 2012 la Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS emitió la nota informativa 15/2012 según la cual el balance beneficio riesgo de los AINE se mantiene positivo, pero deben utilizarse a la menor dosis y durante el menor tiempo posible. Este estudio es una revisión del uso, efectividad y seguridad de ibuprofeno como medicamento no sujeto a prescripción médica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica sobre uso, efectividad y seguridad de ibuprofeno a dosis inferiores de 1200 mg/día en el ámbito de la farmacia comunitaria. La base de datos utilizada fue medline. Se incluyeron estudios realizados en adultos en trastornos autolimitados en el tiempo con cualquier presentación de ibuprofeno. RESULTADOS Se seleccionaron veinticinco artículos. Se muestran los resultados en efectividad en patologías como el dolor de cabeza tensional y la migraña, dismenorrea primaria, dolor, gripe y resfriado, está bien establecida la efectividad para el dolor y la fiebre. Muestra un riesgo relativo entre 1,1 y 2,4 de efectos secundarios graves intestinales. A las dosis recomendadas se tolera bien con unos efectos secundarios comparables a placebo. Sobredosifi can la dosis entre un 21,7% y el 44,0% y existen deficiencias en cuanto al conocimiento del medicamento. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES La efectividad y seguridad de ibuprofeno están bien establecidas, sería recomendable realizar estudios en más profundidad en gripe y resfriados considerando diferentes dosis de ibuprofeno. Sería recomendable disponer de estudios sobre el uso y el conocimiento sobre ibuprofeno en España

  6. Freud-2/CC2D1B mediates dual repression of the serotonin-1A receptor gene.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hadjighassem, Mahmoud R; Galaraga, Kimberly; Albert, Paul R

    2011-01-01

    The serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor functions as a pre-synaptic autoreceptor in serotonin neurons that regulates their activity, and is also widely expressed on non-serotonergic neurons as a post-synaptic heteroreceptor to mediate serotonin action. The 5-HT1A receptor gene is strongly repressed by a dual repressor element (DRE), which is recognized by two proteins: Freud-1/CC2D1A and another unknown protein. Here we identify mouse Freud-2/CC2D1B as the second repressor of the 5-HT1A-DRE. Freud-2 shares 50% amino acid identity with Freud-1, and contains conserved structural domains. Mouse Freud-2 bound specifically to the rat 5-HT1A-DRE adjacent to, and partially overlapping, the Freud-1 binding site. By supershift assay using nuclear extracts from L6 myoblasts, Freud-2-DRE complexes were distinguished from Freud-1-DRE complexes. Freud-2 mRNA and protein were detected throughout mouse brain and peripheral tissues. Freud-2 repressed 5-HT1A promoter-reporter constructs in a DRE-dependent manner in non-neuronal (L6) or 5-HT1A-expressing neuronal (NG108-15, RN46A) cell models. In NG108-15 cells, knockdown of Freud-2 using a specific short-interfering RNA reduced endogenous Freud-2 protein levels and decreased Freud-2 bound to the 5-HT1A-DRE as detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, but increased 5-HT1A promoter activity and 5-HT1A protein levels. Taken together, these data show that Freud-2 is the second component that, with Freud-1, mediates dual repression of the 5-HT1A receptor gene at the DRE. © 2010 The Authors. European Journal of Neuroscience © 2010 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  7. Phase transitions and electrical properties of Bi2W1−xNbxO6−y and Bi2W1−xTaxO6−y

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kharitonova, E.P.; Voronkova, V.I.; Gagor, A.B.; Pietraszko, A.P.; Alekseeva, O.A.

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: •The limit of Bi 2 W 1−x Me x O 6−y solid solutions is at x = 0.1, 0.15 for Me = Nb, Ta. •Ta and Nb substitutions for W suppress the reconstructive phase transition. •Bi 2 W 0.9 Nb 0.1 O 6−y samples belong to Aurivillius-type structure up to their melting. •Nb and Ta doping shifts ferroelectric transition to low temperatures up to 200 °C. •The highest conductivity reaches 10 −1 S/cm at 800 °C (x = 0.05, 0.1; Me = Nb, Ta). -- Abstract: Polycrystalline samples of Bi 2 W 1−x Me x O 6−y (Me = Nb, Ta) solid solutions have been prepared by solid-state reactions, and the influence of Nb and Ta substitutions for W on the polymorphism and electrical properties of Bi 2 WO 6 has been studied. The limit of the solid solutions is at x = 0.1 for Me = Nb and at x = 0.15 for Me = Ta. The distinctive features of the polymorphism of the Nb- and Ta-doped materials have been identified. According to differential scanning calorimetry data, tantalum and niobium substitutions for tungsten increase the temperature of the high-temperature, orthorhombic-to-monoclinic reconstructive phase transition and suppress the transition starting at x = 0.05 for Me = Nb and x = 0.10 for Me = Ta. As a result, the Bi 2 W 1−x Nb x O 6−y samples have an orthorhombic Aurivillius-type structure up to their melting point. The Bi 2 W 1−x Ta x O 6−y solid solutions at high temperatures consist of a mixture of an orthorhombic and a monoclinic phase. Nb and Ta doping shifts the ferroelectric phase transition to lower temperatures by more than 200 °C, thus markedly extending the stability range of the nonpolar orthorhombic paraelectric phase, which exists in a temperature range as narrow as 930–960 °C in the case of undoped Bi 2 WO 6 . The increase in oxygen vacancy concentration due to heterovalent substitutions of Nb 5+ and Ta 5+ for W 6+ leads to an increase in conductivity by two orders of magnitude relative to the unsubstituted compound

  8. Structure analysis of mutually incommensurate composite crystal (Ca0.5Y0.5)0.8CuO2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gotoh, Y.; Yamaguchi, I.; Takeya, S.; Fujihisa, H.; Honda, K.; Ito, T.; Oka, K.; Yamaguchi, H.

    2006-01-01

    Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of mutually incommensurate (Ca 0.5 Y 0.5 ) 0.8 CuO 2 , 'Ca 2 Y 2 Cu 5 O 1 ' has been performed by the composite approach which leads to average substructures and their relative arrangement. The composite crystal structure of (Ca 0.5 Y 0.5 ) 0.8 CuO 2 has the CuO 2 substructure and the Ca 0.5 Y 0.5 substructure. The CuO 2 substructure with a 1 = 10.598(2) A, b = 6.189(2) A, c 1 = 2.825(2) A, β 1 = 90.19(4) o , V 1 = 185.4(1) A 3 , Z = 4 and space group F2/m has the plane of edge-shared one-dimensional CuO 2 chains along the c-axis. The Ca 0.5 Y 0.5 substructure with a 2 = 10.629(2) A, b = 6.189(2) A, c 2 3.517(1) A, β 2 = 94.36(3) o , V 2 = 230.7(1) A 3 , Z = 4 and space group F2/m forms the sheet of (Ca, Y) atoms in the ac-plane. By considering (3 + 1)-dimensional superspace group symmetry, it is concluded that the incommensurate composite crystal structure of (Ca 0.5 Y 0.5 ) 0.8 CuO 2 should be described by the combination of F2/m for the CuO 2 substructure and F2/c for the Ca 0.5 Y 0.5 substructure. The composite approach has made clear that the plane of CuO 2 chains and the sheet of (Ca, Y) atoms stack alternately to form a mutually incommensurate composite crystal with layered substructures

  9. Efecto de la labranza mínima y la convencional en frijol (phaseolus vulgaris l. En la región Huetar norte de Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Antonio Rojas

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un trabajo en la Región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica en donde se establecieron dos lotes: uno de labranza mínima (1,85 ha y otro de labranza convencional (2 ha. La siembra en ambos sistemas de labranza se realizó con una sembradora abonadora hidraúlica. La variedad sembrada fue la Brunca. La población de plantas de frijol evaluada durante la etapa vegetativa fue de 9,37 plantas/m lineal en labranza mínima, y de 9,55 plantas/m lineal en labranza convencional. La densidad de malezas fue mayor en labranza convencional y las malezas de mayor dominancia fueron Ri- chardia scabra, Rottboellia cochinchinensis y Spermacoce sp. El peso seco de malezas fue de 37,6 g de malezas/ cuadrí- cula de 0,25 m2 en labranza mínima, mientras que en el sistema de labranza convencional fue de 46,4 g de malezas/ cuadr ícula. La incidencia y severidad de mustia hilachosa (Tanatheporus cucumeris en el sistema de labranza mínima fue de un 42,8% y de 0,83, respectivamente, mientras que en labranza convencional fue de un 52,2% y 1,22, respectivamente. En el sistema de labranza mínima el rendimiento fue de 930 kg/ha, y en labranza convencional de 676 kg/ha.

  10. A Study on the Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw and Pasteurized Milk Produced in Rafsanjan, Iran

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    FaAkrami Mohajeri Akrami Mohajeri

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: Aflatoxins, known as causative factors of hepatic and extra-hepatic carcinogenesis within humans, are extremely teratogenic, mutagenic, toxic, and carcinogenic compounds. Materials & Methods: This study was undertaken to determine the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1 in 40 raw milk and 47 pasteurized milk samples collected during spring and winter. In order to analyze the samples, the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA procedure was used. The statistical methods used in this study were based on normal confidence intervals and analysis of variance (ANOVA. Results: Aflatoxin M1 was detected in 97.5% of the raw milk ranging from 6.52 to 68.17 ng/l and 95.7% of the pasteurized milk, ranging from 0.8 to 58.13 ng/l. Toxin levels in 10% of the raw milk and 2.1% of the pasteurized milk samples exceeded the Iranian national standard limit i.e. 50 ng/l.  Due to seasonal variations, mean concentration of AFM1 in the samples collected in winter was significantly (P < 0.03 higher than those collected in the summer. Conclusion: Large amount of AFM1 in milk samples might be a potential hazard for the public health. Reducing the levels of AFB1 in animal feedstuffs can be regarded as the initial step to control the transfer of AFM1 to humans.

  11. Uptake kinetics of the somatostatin receptor ligand [86Y]DOTA-dPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide ([86Y]SMT487) using positron emission tomography in non-human primates and calculation of radiation doses of the 90Y-labelled analogue

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roesch, F.; Brockmann, J.; Koehle, M.

    1999-01-01

    [ 90 Y]DOTA-dPhe 1 -Tyr 3 -octreotide ([ 90 Y]-SMT487) has been suggested as a promising radiotherapeutic agent for somatostatin receptor-expressing tumours. In order to quantify the in vivo parameters of this compound and the radiation doses delivered to healthy organs, the analogue [ 86 Y]DOTA-dPhe 1 -Tyr 3 -octreotide was synthesised and its uptake measured in baboons using positron emission tomography (PET). [ 86 Y]DOTA-dPhe 1 -Tyr 3 -octreotide was administered at two different peptide concentrations, namely 2 and 100 μg peptide per m 2 body surface. The latter concentration corresponded to a radiotherapeutic dose. In a third protocol [ 86 Y]DOTA-dPhe 1 -Tyr 3 -octreotide was injected in conjunction with a simultaneous infusion of an amino acid solution that was high in l-lysine in order to lower the renal uptake of radioyttrium. Quantitative whole-body PET scans were recorded to measure the uptake kinetics for kidneys, liver, lung and bone. The individual absolute uptake kinetics were used to calculate the radiation doses for [ 90 Y]DOTA-dPhe 1 -Tyr 3 -octreotide according to the MIRD recommendations extrapolated to a 70-kg human. The highest radiation dose was received by the kidneys, with 2.1-3.3 mGy per MBq [ 90 Y]DOTA-dPhe 1 -Tyr 3 -octreotide injected. For the 100 μg/m 2 SMT487 protocol with amino acid co-infusion this dose was about 20%-40% lower than for the other two treatment protocols. The liver and the red bone marrow received doses ranging from 0.32 to 0.53 mGy and 0.03 to 0.07 mGy per MBq [ 90 Y]DOTA-dPhe 1 -Tyr 3 -octreotide, respectively. The average effective dose equivalent amounted to 0.23-0.32 mSv/MBq. The comparatively low estimated radiation doses to normal organs support the initiation of clinical phase I trials with [ 90 Y]DOTA-dPhe 1 -Tyr 3 -octreotide in patients with somatostatin receptor-expressing tumours. (orig.)

  12. Sistemas operativos móviles: funcionalidades, efectividad y aplicaciones útiles en Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    2011-01-01

    Sistemas operativos móviles más utilizados actualmente con sus funcionalidades, características y descripciones generales, efectividad y análisis realizado a 2 aplicaciones de uso masivo en Colombia. La situación planteada según las investigaciones iniciales, dan a conocer que a pesar de la gran acogida que han tenido el ingreso de los sistemas operativos móviles en Colombia (que ha sido de gran impacto en el mercado mundial) los usuarios no pueden explotar al máximo sus capacidades, debido p...

  13. Infancia y telefonía móvil: practicidad, usos y significados

    OpenAIRE

    Antolínez Merchán, María del Pilar

    2012-01-01

    La investigación aborda, en términos generales, la cuestión de la implantación de la telefonía móvil entre los niños y adolescentes, a partir del estudio intensivo de un colegio privado del Noroeste de Madrid. De manera específica, la investigación considera una triple perspectiva: funcional (relativa a los usos del teléfono móvil), social (en el sentido de las interacciones y conflictos que genera en el seno de la familia) y simbólica (concerniente a los significados connotativos asociados a...

  14. Electrochemical probings of Li1+xVS2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gupta, Asha; Mullins, C. Buddie; Goodenough, John B.

    2012-01-01

    Re-investigation of Li insertion into the layers of Li 1+x V 1y M y S 2 (M = Cr, Ni and y = 0 and 0.1, x ≤ 0.8) reveals that the transformation of Li from octahedral to tetrahedral sites in Li 1+x VS 2 leads to a 1.0 V stabilization V(III)/V(II) plateau at 0.1C rate. Substitution of 10 mol% Ni for V to form Li 1+x V 0.9 Ni 0.1 S 2 increases the voltage on Li insertion by 0.1–0.2 V compared to nominal LiVS 2 , but it leads to an overall decrease in the capacity. An irreversible capacity loss on the initial charge/discharge cycle is the result of formation of an SEI layer at and below 1 V versus lithium. 10 mol% substitution of Cr for V (i.e. Li 1+x V 0.9 Cr 0.1 S 2 ) has no effect on the voltage, but it increases the capacity fade as the discharge/charge cycles progress.

  15. Reexamination of M2,3 atomic level widths and L1M2,3 transition energies of elements 69≤Z≤95

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fennane, K.; Berset, M.; Dousse, J.-Cl.; Hoszowska, J.; Raboud, P.-A.; Campbell, J. L.

    2013-11-01

    We report on high-resolution measurements of the photoinduced L1M2 and L1M3 x-ray emission lines of 69Tm, 70Yb, 71Lu, 73Ta, 74W, 75Re, 77Ir, 81Tl, 83Bi, and 95Am. From the linewidths of the measured transitions an accurate set of M2 and M3 level widths is determined assuming for the L1 level widths the values reported by Raboud [P.-A. Raboud et al., Phys. Rev. APLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.65.022512 65, 022512 (2002)]. Furthermore, the present experimental M2,3 data set is extended to 80Hg, 90Th, and 92U, using former L1M2,3 high-resolution x-ray emission spectroscopy measurements performed by our group. A detailed comparison of the M2 and M3 level widths determined in the present work with those recommended by Campbell and Papp [J. L. Campbell and T. Papp, At. Data Nucl. Data TablesADNDAT0092-640X10.1006/adnd.2000.0848 77, 1 (2001)] and other available experimental data as well as theoretical predictions is done. The observed abrupt changes of the M2,3 level widths versus atomic number Z can be explained satisfactorily by the cutoffs and onsets of the M2M4N1, respectively M3M4N3,4,5 and M3M5N2,3 Coster-Kronig transitions deduced from the semiempirical (Z+1) approximation. As a spin-off result of this study, precise L1M2 and L1M3 transition energies are obtained for the investigated elements. A very good agreement with transition energies calculated within the many-body perturbation theory is found.

  16. Increased expression of cyclin B1 mRNA coincides with diminished G2-phase arrest in irradiated HeLa cells treated with staurosporine or caffeine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bernhard, E.J.; Maity, A.; McKenna, W.G.; Muschel, R.J.

    1994-01-01

    The irradiation of cells results in delayed progression through the G 2 phase of the cell cycle. Treatment of irradiated HeLa cells with caffeine greatly reduces the G 2 -phase delay, while caffeine does not alter progression of cells through the cell cycle in unirradiated cells. In this report we demonstrate that treatment of HeLa cells with the kinase inhibitor staurosporine, but not with the inhibitor H7, also results in a reduction of the G 2 -phase arrest after irradiation. Cell cycle progression in unirradiated cells is unaffected by 4.4 nM (2ng/ml) staurosporine, which releases the radiation-induced G 2 -phase arrest. In HeLa cells, the G 2 -phase delay after irradiation in S phase is accompanied by decreased expression of cyclin B1 mRNA. Coincident with the reduction in G 2 -phase delay, we observed an increase in cyclin B1 mRNA accumulation in irradiated, staurosporine-treated cells compared to cells treated with irradiation alone. Caffeine treatment of irradiated HeLa cells also resulted in an elevation in the levels of cyclin B1 message. These results support the hypothesis that diminished cyclin B1 mRNA levels influence G 2 -phase arrest to some degree. The findings that both staurosporine and caffeine treatments reverse the depression in cyclin B1 expression suggest that these two compounds may act on a common pathway of cell cycle control in response to radiation injury. 33 refs., 6 figs

  17. Insertion Chemistry of Cp*2Y(2-pyridyl) and Molecular Structure of the Unexpected CO Insertion Product (Cp*2Y)2(μ-η2 : η2-OC(NC5H4)2)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Deelman, Berth-Jan; Stevels, Willem M.; Teuben, Jan H.; Lakin, Miles T.; Spek, Anthony L.

    1994-01-01

    Pyridine is metalated selectively at the 2-position by (Cp*2YH)2 to yield Cp*2Y(2-pyridyl) (1). Compound 1 reacts with H2 to give the hydride addition product Cp*2Y(NC5H6) (2). With THF and pyridine the adducts Cp*2Y2-2-pyridyl)(THF) (3) and Cp*2Y1-2-pyridyl)(py) (4) are formed. The pyridine

  18. Long non-coding RNA cox-2 prevents immune evasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by altering M1/M2 macrophage polarization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ye, Yibiao; Xu, Yunxiuxiu; Lai, Yu; He, Wenguang; Li, Yanshan; Wang, Ruomei; Luo, Xinxi; Chen, Rufu; Chen, Tao

    2018-03-01

    Macrophages have been shown to demonstrate a high level of plasticity, with the ability to undergo dynamic transition between M1 and M2 polarized phenotypes. We investigate long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) cox-2 in macrophage polarization and the regulatory mechanism functions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce RAW264.7 macrophages into M1 type, and IL-4 was to induce RAW264.7 macrophages into M2 type. We selected mouse hepatic cell line Hepal-6 and hepatoma cell line HepG2 for co-incubation with M1 or M2 macrophages. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expressions of lncRNA cox-2 and mRNAs. ELISA was conducted for testing IL-12 and IL-10 expressions; Western blotting for epithelial mesenchymal transition related factors (E-cadherin and Vimentin). An MTT, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay, and stretch test were conducted to test cell abilities. The M1 macrophages had higher lncRNA cox-2 expression than that in the non-polarized macrophages and M2 macrophages. The lncRNA cox-2 siRNA decreased the expression levels of IL-12, iNOS, and TNF-α in M1 macrophages, increased the expression levels of IL-10, Arg-1, and Fizz-1 in M2 macrophages (all P evasion and tumor growth by inhibiting the polarization of M2 macrophages. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  19. Comportamiento en el vivero de portainjertos micropropagados del género Prunus : 1 - crecimiento de los portainjertos San Julián híbrido no. 1; Mr. S 2/5; Ferdor Julior y GF 655/2

    OpenAIRE

    Dessy, Susana; Radice, Silvia; Caso, Osvaldo H.

    2000-01-01

    p.157-164 El crecimiento de plantas micropropagadas de los portainjertos San Julián Híbrido Nº 1; Ferdor Julior; Mr. S 2-5 y GF 655-2 fue analizado al cabo de un año de su implantación en vivero. La situación de estrés ocasionada por el trasplante significó que el crecimiento de la yema apical se frenara en la mayor parte de los individuos, especialmente en GF 655-2 y Mr. S 2-5. La recuperación del crecimiento fue más rápido en aquellas plantas de menor tamaño. Para Ferdor Julior y San Jul...

  20. Mesenchymal Tumors Can Derive from Ng2/Cspg4-Expressing Pericytes with β-Catenin Modulating the Neoplastic Phenotype

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shingo Sato

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available The cell of origin for most mesenchymal tumors is unclear. One cell type that contributes to this lineages is the pericyte, a cell expressing Ng2/Cspg4. Using lineage tracing, we demonstrated that bone and soft tissue sarcomas driven by the deletion of the Trp53 tumor suppressor, or desmoid tumors driven by a mutation in Apc, can derive from cells expressing Ng2/Cspg4. Deletion of the Trp53 tumor suppressor gene in these cells resulted in the bone and soft tissue sarcomas that closely resemble human sarcomas, while stabilizing β-catenin in this same cell type caused desmoid tumors. Comparing expression between Ng2/Cspg4-expressing pericytes lacking Trp53 and sarcomas that arose from deletion of Trp53 showed inhibition of β-catenin signaling in the sarcomas. Activation of β-catenin inhibited the formation and growth of sarcomas. Thus, pericytes can be a cell of origin for mesenchymal tumors, and β-catenin dysregulation plays an important role in the neoplastic phenotype.

  1. Presente y futuro de los servicios de las bibliotecas médicas. Revisión de la literatura y estudio realizado en un hospital de más de 1.400 camas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodríguez del Castillo Martín, M.

    2006-09-01

    , aparte de realizar una revisión del estado de la cuestión, pretende averiguar las necesidades reales de información de los médicos de un hospital de más de 1.400 camas. Para ello se realizó una amplia revisión de la literatura a través de las bases de datos Pubmed, LISA, CINAHL y Google Scholar con el fin de conocer la actualidad de los sistemas de acceso a la información en Biomedicina. También se confeccionó un cuestionario ad hoc, con el objetivo de recabar datos concretos sobre necesidades y hábitos actuales de información de los médicos del Hospital. Los cuestionarios se distribuyeron al azar entre los distintos profesionales de la división médica del Hospital. Se obtuvieron 118 cuestionarios completos de 34 servicios diferentes, cuyas preguntas se basaban en los siguientes apartados principales: utilización de los servicios de la biblioteca, tipos de documentos que se utilizan, necesidades y hábitos de consumo de información detectadas, utilización de tecnologías y selección de la información y formación de usuarios. Se concluye que la mayoría de usuarios ha incorporado los actuales sistemas de acceso a la información a la vez que siguen utilizando los tradicionales. Las tecnologías han multiplicado las posibilidades de acceso a la información, pero también han añadido nuevas necesidades a los lectores. La participación del bibliotecario se hace cada vez más activa en sus tareas de selección y organización de la información ya sea en bibliotecas presenciales como en bibliotecas virtuales.

  2. Double-scaling limits of random matrices and minimal (2m, 1) models: the merging of two cuts in a degenerate case

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marchal, O.; Cafasso, M.

    2011-04-01

    In this paper, we show that the double-scaling-limit correlation functions of a random matrix model when two cuts merge with degeneracy 2m (i.e. when y ~ x2m for arbitrary values of the integer m) are the same as the determinantal formulae defined by conformal (2m, 1) models. Our approach follows the one developed by Bergère and Eynard in (2009 arXiv:0909.0854) and uses a Lax pair representation of the conformal (2m, 1) models (giving a Painlevé II integrable hierarchy) as suggested by Bleher and Eynard in (2003 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 36 3085). In particular we define Baker-Akhiezer functions associated with the Lax pair in order to construct a kernel which is then used to compute determinantal formulae giving the correlation functions of the double-scaling limit of a matrix model near the merging of two cuts.

  3. Evaluación de la carga laboral en residentes chilenos de especialidades y subespecialidades médicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Antonio Díaz Piga

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: La sobrecarga laboral horaria es un importante problema en los programas de especialización médica. Se asocia a mayor prevalencia de depresión, burnout, deserción, e impacta en la calidad de vida de los residentes. Nuestro objetivo fue cuantificar las horas semanales de carga laboral horaria en residentes de especialidad y subespecialidad de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC. Métodos: Se realizó una encuesta electrónica a los residentes de especialidad y subespecialidad de la PUC (2013. Ésta incluyó autoreporte de horas semanales trabajadas (jornada habitual, turnos presenciales y turnos de llamada. Para el análisis se consideraron sólo las horas presenciales (jornada habitual y turnos presenciales. Resultados: Se obtuvo 415 respuestas (tasa de respuesta 86%. Los residentes de especialidad reportaron una jornada de 52,8 ± 20,3 horas semanales más un promedio de 22,6 ± 22,5 horas de turnos presenciales semanales. Los residentes de programas de subespecialidad reportaron una jornada de 55,9 ± 22,2 horas semanales más un promedio de 23 ± 3,9 horas de turnos presenciales semanales. De los 53 programas evaluados, el 22,6% sobrepasó el límite recomendado  por  la Dirección de Postgrado PUC (80 horas semanales. Cinco programas reportaron 90-100 horas semanales (todas especialidades o subespecialidades quirúrgicas y 7 programas reportaron 80-90 horas semanales (3 subespecialidades médicas, 1 subespecialidad quirúrgica, 2 especialidades médicas y 1 especialidad quirúrgica. Conclusión: Los residentes de especialidades y subespecialidades médicas en la PUC están sometidos a una carga horaria significativa. Los programas quirúrgicos presentaron la mayor sobrecarga horaria presencial, con un promedio mayor al recomendado a nivel internacional.

  4. The Path from VLITE to ngLOBO: A Roadmap for Evolving a Low Frequency Commensal System from the JVLA to the ngVLA

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kassim, Namir E.; Clarke, Tracy; Giacintucci, Simona; Helmboldt, Joseph; Ray, Paul S.; Peters, Wendy; Polisensky, Emil; hicks, Brian C.; Brisken, Walter; hyman, Scott D.; Deneva, Julia; Kerr, Matthew T.; Taylor, Gregory; Dowell, Jayce; Schinzel, Frank K.

    2018-01-01

    The VLA Low-band Ionosphere and Transient Experiment (VLITE, ) is a commensal observing system on the NRAO Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). The separate optical path of the prime-focus sub-GHz dipole feeds and the Cassegrain-focus GHz feeds provided an opportunity to expand the simultaneous frequency operation of the VLA through joint observations across both systems. 16 VLA antennas are outfitted with dedicated samplers and use spare fibers to transport the 320-384 MHz band to the VLITE CPU-based correlator. Initial goals included exploring the scientific potential of a commensal low frequency system for ionospheric remote sensing, astrophysics and transients. VLITE operates at nearly 70% wall time with roughly 6200 hours of VLA time recorded each year.Several papers at this meeting review VLITE science and early results. Here we consider how the project could evolve in the future. Over the next 10 years, a straightforward evolutionary path calls for an expansion of VLITE to all 27 VLA antennas and to the maximum available low band receiver bandwidth (224-480 MHz). The GPU-based correlator for this LOw Band Observatory (LOBO) would also incorporate lower frequency signals from the new VLA 74 MHz system, including from VLA dishes (60-80 MHz) and standalone Long Wavelength Array (LWA) aperture array stations (20-80 MHz).In the longer term, we look towards leveraging the vast infrastructure of the ngVLA to include a commensal low frequency capability, called ngLOBO. As described in our community white paper (Taylor et al. 2018; arXiv:1708.00090), ngLOBO has three primary scientific missions: (1) Radio Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (Radio-LSST): one naturally wide beam, commensal with ngVLA, will conduct a continuous synoptic survey of large swaths of the sky for both slow and fast transients; (2) This same commensal beam will provide complementary low frequency images of all ngVLA targets when such data enhances their value. (3) Independent beams from the ng

  5. The Armys M-1 Abrams, M-2/M-3 Bradley, and M-1126 Stryker: Background and Issues for Congress

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-04-05

    the Army John McHugh , urging instead the limited production of 70 M-1A2SEPv2 tanks per year from FY2013 to FY2017. 32 Congress subsequently decided...House Members sent a letter to Secretary of the Army McHugh expressing concern over the Army’s failure to fund production of the M-1A2. Congress...John McHugh by Rep. Sander Levin and Rep. Mike Rogers, May 6, 2011. 33 See CRS Reports: CRS Report R43323, Defense: FY2014 Authorization and

  6. Pianista: entre la música y la medicina Pianista: entre la música y la medicina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Galina Vólkhina

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available During recent years increasing numbers of professional musicians and music students have suffered from different types of motor dysfunctions. Not all of them seek medical attention, and those who do often do not receive a correct diagnosis or the illness, or else it is diagnosed too late. In medical schools students are not taught about musicians’ professional illnesses, which may be why it is difficult for doctors to diagnosis them correctly. Studies have shown that between 50 and 90 % of musicians suffer various motor dysfunctions. The purpose of this paper is to describe the most common illnesses attributable specifically to the profession of pianist, but in the general context of the motor apparatus which is essential to all musicians. It is our belief that it is essential for a piano teacher to know about the physiology of the hand – such as the basic muscular-skeletal system, and its organization, functioning and development. It is our hope that exploration of this topic will provide all musicians with knowledge that would serve them as a practical tool if they experience some dysfunction of their motor apparatus. Durante los últimos años cada vez más músicos profesionales y estudiantes presentan diferentes tipos de trastornos del aparato motor. No todos acuden al médico, y los que van, a veces son mal diagnosticados o el diagnóstico correcto es tardío. En las facultades de medicina no enseñan especialmente enfermedades de los músicos, por eso le es difícil a un m��dico hacer un diagnóstico correcto. Algunos estudios muestran que de un 50 % a 90 % de los músicos tienen diferentes trastornos. Hemos elegido este tema para proporcionar al músico los conocimientos que le sirvan de herramienta en caso de presentar algún trastorno del aparato motor. Este trabajo tiene como propósito describir las enfermedades más comunes de los pianistas, describir el aparato motor del músico, ya que para el trabajo de los maestros de

  7. PGE2-induced colon cancer growth is mediated by mTORC1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dufour, Marc; Faes, Seraina; Dormond-Meuwly, Anne; Demartines, Nicolas; Dormond, Olivier

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • PGE 2 activates mTORC1 in colon cancer cells. • Inhibition of mTORC1 blocks PGE 2 induced colon cancer cell growth. • mTORC1 is a signaling intermediary in PGE 2 induced colon cancer cell responses. - Abstract: The inflammatory prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) cytokine plays a key role in the development of colon cancer. Several studies have shown that PGE 2 directly induces the growth of colon cancer cells and furthermore promotes tumor angiogenesis by increasing the production of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The signaling intermediaries implicated in these processes have however not been fully characterized. In this report, we show that the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) plays an important role in PGE 2 -induced colon cancer cell responses. Indeed, stimulation of LS174T cells with PGE 2 increased mTORC1 activity as observed by the augmentation of S6 ribosomal protein phosphorylation, a downstream effector of mTORC1. The PGE 2 EP 4 receptor was responsible for transducing the signal to mTORC1. Moreover, PGE 2 increased colon cancer cell proliferation as well as the growth of colon cancer cell colonies grown in matrigel and blocking mTORC1 by rapamycin or ATP-competitive inhibitors of mTOR abrogated these effects. Similarly, the inhibition of mTORC1 by downregulation of its component raptor using RNA interference blocked PGE 2 -induced LS174T cell growth. Finally, stimulation of LS174T cells with PGE 2 increased VEGF production which was also prevented by mTORC1 inhibition. Taken together, these results show that mTORC1 is an important signaling intermediary in PGE 2 mediated colon cancer cell growth and VEGF production. They further support a role for mTORC1 in inflammation induced tumor growth

  8. Study on the interaction between albendazole and eosin Y by fluorescence, resonance Rayleigh scattering and frequency doubling scattering spectra and their analytical applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tian, Fengling; Huang, Wei; Yang, Jidong; Li, Qin

    In pH 3.25-3.35 Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer solution, albendazole (ABZ) could react with eosin Y (EY) to form a 1:1 ion-association complex, which not only results in the quenching of fluorescence, but also resulted in the great enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and frequency doubling scattering (FDS). Furthermore, a new RRS spectrum will appear, and the maximum RRS wavelength was located at about 356 nm. The detection limit for ABZ were 21.51 ng mL-1 for the fluorophotometry, 6.93 ng mL-1 for the RRS method and 12.89 ng mL-1 for the FDS method. Among them, the RRS method had the highest sensitivity. The experimental conditions were optimized and effects of coexisting substances were evaluated. Meanwhile, the influences of coexisting substances were tested. The methods have been successfully applied to the determination of ABZ in capsules and human urine samples. The composition and structure of the ion-association complex and the reaction mechanism were discussed.

  9. OXIDACIÓN CATALÍTICA DE TOLUENO Y 2-PROPANOL SOBRE ÓXIDOS MIXTOS DE Mn yCo OBTENIDOS POR COPRECIPITACIÓN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Castaño

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Óxidos mixtos de manganeso y cobalto con relaciones molares M2++ Mg2+/M3+=3 y M2+/Mg2+ =1 fueron preparados por el método de coprecipitación. Los sólidos fueron caracterizados por las técnicas de difracción de rayos X  (XRD, temperatura programada de reducción (TPR-H2, área superficial y empleados en la oxidación catalítica de  una mezcla de dos compuestos orgánicos representativos de COVs: el tolueno y el 2-propanol.El óxido mixto de manganeso logró una oxidación del 100% de la mezcla de COVs mientras que el óxido mixto de cobalto no alcanza una oxidación total.El catalizador Mn-Mg-Al presentó las menores temperaturas de oxidación de tolueno y  2-propanol en la mezcla, haciéndolo el catalizador más eficiente. El  desempeño catalítico superior de dicho óxido está asociado principalmente a su mejor comportamiento redox comparado con el óxido el del cobalto.Con el fin de evaluar el efecto de la composición del reactivo, se estudió la oxidación catalítica individual de tolueno y 2-propanol sobre el óxido mixto de manganeso. El catalizadorfue activoen la oxidación de los dos COVsindividuales siendo el tolueno el compuesto más difícil de oxidar. Este catalizador mostró 100% de conversión hacia CO2 para el tolueno mientras que con el 2-propanol produce primero acetona la cual  posteriormente oxidada hasta CO2. Las temperaturas de oxidación de los componentes en la mezcla de COVsfueron superiores que en la conversión individual de tolueno y 2-propanol. Este resultado sugiere un posible efecto inhibitorio en la oxidación de 2-propanol cuando se tienen mezclas de los COVs.

  10. ¹¹¹In-DOTA-Annexin V for imaging of apoptosis during HSV1-tk/GCV prodrug activation gene therapy in mice with NG4TL4 sarcoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Ming-Hsien; Wu, Shih-Yen; Wang, Hsin-Ell; Liu, Ren-Shyan; Chen, Jyh-Cheng

    2016-02-01

    Apoptosis has been suggested as a cytocidal mechanism of the HSV1-tk-expressing cells when exposed to ganciclovir (GCV). This study evaluated the efficacy of (111)In-labeled Annexin V for monitoring tumor responses during prodrug activation gene therapy with HSV1-tk and GCV. Annexin V was conjugated to DOTA using N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS) and 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDC), labeled with (111)In-InCl3 and purified using size exclusion chromatography to give (111)In-DOTA-Annexin V conjugate. The radiochemical yield and the radiochemical purity of (111)In-DOTA-Annexin V were 74±12% and 98±3%, respectively (n=10). (111)In-DOTA-BSA was prepared similarly. An in vitro study to demonstrate the apoptosis of NG4TL4-STK cells after GCV treatment has been performed. Mice bearing NG4TL4-STK and NG4TL4-WT tumors were treated with GCV (10 mg/kg daily) by i.p. injection for 7 consecutive days. Before and during the GCV treatment, biodistribution studies and scintigraphic imaging were performed at 2h post injection of the radiotracers. The uptake of (111)In-DOTA-Annexin V in treated cells (13.41±1.30%) was 4.1 times higher than that in untreated cells (3.21±0.37%). The GCV-induced cell apoptosis in NG4TL4-STK tumor resulted in a significantly increasing accumulation of (111)In-DOTA-Annexin V (1.92±0.32%ID/g at day 0, 4.79±0.86%ID/g at day 2, 4.56±0.58%ID/g at day 4) was observed, but not for that of (111)In-DOTA-BSA. During consecutive GCV treatment, scintigraphic imaging with (111)In-DOTA-Annexin V revealed high uptake in NG4TL4-STK tumor compared with that in NG4TL4-WT tumor. However, no specific (111)In-DOTA-BSA accumulation in NG4TL4-STK and NG4TL4-WT tumors was observed throughout the course of GCV treatment. This study demonstrated that (111)In-DOTA-Annexin V can be used for monitoring tumor cell apoptosis during prodrug activation gene therapy with HSV1-tk and GCV for cancer treatment. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights

  11. Efecto del recubrimiento comestible sobre los atributos físicoquímicos de mango 'Tommy Atkins' mínimamente procesado y refrigerado

    OpenAIRE

    Dussán-Sarria, Saúl; Torres-León, Cristian; Reyes-Calvache, Pedro Martín

    2014-01-01

    El mango presenta una corta vida poscosecha. La tecnología de frutas mínimamente procesadas (cortadas) es una alternativa adecuada para su conservación y comercialización. En este estudio fueron evaluados los atributos de calidad del mango 'Tommy Atkins' mínimamente procesado durante el almacenamiento refrigerado. Tambien el efecto de un recubrimiento comestible de almidón de yuca y cera de carnauba tratado previamente con ácidos orgánicos (1%) y CaCl2, (1%) y se evaluó el efecto de dos bolsa...

  12. Efecto del recubrimiento comestible sobre los atributos físicoquímicos de mango 'Tommy Atkins' mínimamente procesado y refrigerado

    OpenAIRE

    Saúl Dussán-Sarria; Cristian Torres-León; Pedro Martín Reyes-Calvache

    2014-01-01

    El mango presenta una corta vida poscosecha. La tecnología de frutas mínimamente procesadas (cortadas) es una alternativa adecuada para su conservación y comercialización. En este estudio fueron evaluados los atributos de calidad del mango `Tommy Atkins´ mínimamente procesado durante el almacenamiento refrigerado. Fue evaluado el efecto de un recubrimiento comestible de almidón de yuca y cera de carnauba tratado previamente con ácidos orgánicos (1%) y CaCl2, (1%) y se evaluó el efecto de dos ...

  13. Hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination in Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 16}M (M=Al, Ga and Si) and magnetic properties of their carburized powders

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kubis, M.; Rave, W.; Cao, L.; Gebel, B.; Mueller, K.-H.; Schultz, L. [Institut fuer Festkoerper- und Werkstofforschung Dresden e.V. (Germany)

    1998-11-20

    The application of the hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination (HDDR) process in Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 16}M (M=Al,Ga and Si) was investigated. The hydrogen absorption behaviour was studied by temperature-pressure analysis (TPA). In the temperature range between 500 and 800 C, Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 16}M samples with M=Ga and Si show a weaker hydrogen absorption than Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 16}Al. This was confirmed by X-ray diffraction which showed a complete disproportionation of Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 16}Al into SmH{sub z} (1.92.8) and {alpha}-(Fe,Al), while Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 16}Ga and Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 16}Si exhibit a fraction of undecomposed material with the Th{sub 2}Zn{sub 17}-type structure after the disproportionation procedure. These results point to a stabilization of Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 16}M against disproportionation by hydrogen for M=Ga and Si. The magnetization processes of carburized HDDR powders were studied by VSM measurements and Kerr microscopy. The demagnetization curve of our HDDR processed Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 16}AlC{sub y} is well shaped, whereas those of Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 16}GaC{sub y} and Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 16}SiC{sub y} show a large decrease of the polarization at low fields. The favourable behaviour of Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 16}AlC{sub y} is due to a homogeneous submicron grain structure. In Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 16}GaC{sub y} and Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 16}SiC{sub y} samples, an additional, magnetically soft phase with larger domains was observed which causes the low coercivity. As a consequence, HDDR was only favourable for the preparation of Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 16}MC{sub y} hard magnets with M=Al but not for M=Ga and Si. Optimization of the HDDR process in Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 16}Al and subsequent nitrogenation or carburization led to coercivities of {mu}{sub 0j}H{sub c}=2.9 and 2.5 T, respectively. (orig.) 11 refs.

  14. Comparison of the butyrate effects on neurotransmitter receptors in neurohybrids NG108-15 and NCB-20 cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhu, X.Z.; Chuang, D.M.

    1987-01-01

    The authors previous study demonstrated that long term treatment of NCB-20 cells with sodium butyrate resulted in a marked increase in the density of delta-opioid receptors with a much lesser effect on muscarinic cholinergic and no effect on alpha 2 -adrenergic receptors. In the present study the authors investigated the effect of sodium butyrate on these three types of receptors in NG108-15 cells whose neuroblastoma parent is the same as that of NCB-20 cells. Long term treatment of NG108-15 cells with sodium butyrate (0.5 mM) induced a 2-fold increase in the density of the specific binding of 3 H-clonidine. A comparable increase in the number of binding sites was detected when 3 H-yohimbine was used as the receptor ligand. The butyrate-induced increase in the alpha 2 -adrenergic receptor binding could be totally abolished by treatment with a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, suggesting that synthesis of receptor protein is involved. The same butyrate treatment had no significant effect on opioid and muscarinic cholinergic receptor bindings. Thus, butyrate effects on the expression of these three types of receptors in NG108-15 and NCB-20 cells are dramatically different. These data suggest that induction by butyrate of neurotransmitter receptors requires concerted action of genetic factors of both parents of the neurohybrids. 22 references, 2 figures, 2 tables

  15. Dual mechanism of chromatin remodeling in the common shrew sex trivalent (XY 1Y 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergey N. Matveevsky

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Here we focus on the XY1Y2 condition in male common shrew Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758, applying electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry for a comprehensive analysis of structure, synapsis and behaviour of the sex trivalent in pachytene spermatocytes. The pachytene sex trivalent consists of three distinct parts: short and long synaptic SC fragments (between the X and Y1 and between the X and Y2, respectively and a long asynaptic region of the X in-between. Chromatin inactivation was revealed in the XY1 synaptic region, the asynaptic region of the X and a very small asynaptic part of the Y2. This inactive part of the sex trivalent, that we named the ‘head’, forms a typical sex body and is located at the periphery of the meiotic nucleus at mid pachytene. The second part or ‘tail’, a long region of synapsis between the X and Y2 chromosomes, is directed from the periphery into the nucleus. Based on the distribution patterns of four proteins involved in chromatin inactivation, we propose a model of meiotic silencing in shrew sex chromosomes. Thus, we conclude that pachytene sex chromosomes are structurally and functionally two different chromatin domains with specific nuclear topology: the peripheral inactivated ‘true’ sex chromosome regions (part of the X and the Y1 and more centrally located transcriptionally active autosomal segments (part of the X and the Y2.

  16. Las reglas angloamericanas de catalogación y la norma ISO 690 - 1 y 2

    OpenAIRE

    Campos Herrera, Airelys

    2007-01-01

    Se define la catalogación como etapa del ciclo de procesamiento de la información, así como sus diferencias con el proceso de descripción bibliográfica. Se comparan las reglas angloamericanas de catalogación, segunda edición, con las normas ISO 690 - 1 y 2 para la descripción bibliográfica con respecto a: organismo creador, finalidad, alcance, estructura, tipos de asientos, niveles de descripción y sintaxis. Cataloguing, a phase within the cycle of information processing, as well as its di...

  17. Obesidad y factores de riesgo del síndrome metabólico en jóvenes con diabetes tipo 1 Obesity and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in young people with type 1 diabetes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana Prieto

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Los cambios en la forma de presentación de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1(DM T1 en la infancia y adolescencia asociados a la obesidad, determinaron una superposición entre los dos tipos de diabetes, con mayor heterogeneidad en su presentación clínica. Con el objetivo de caracterizar el tipo de diabetes mellitus (DM, comienzo de la diabetes, independientemente de las clasificaciones disponibles y evaluar el impacto de la obesidad en la forma de presentación, se estudiaron cincuenta niños diabéticos agrupados según su condición nutricional. Se evaluó la reserva de insulina pancreática por medición de péptido C basal, índice glucemia/péptido C y en respuesta a comida mixta (MMTT, se determinó el genotipo HLA-DQB1 y los anticuerpos GADA, ICA 512, IAA y se evaluó la presencia de factores de riesgo para enfermedad metabólica como obesidad, hipertensión, diabetes y dislipidemia en el grupo familiar. El 38% de la población presentó sobrepeso/obesidad (SP/OB. Un 82% tuvo anticuerpos positivos GADA, ICA 512, IAA sin diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos, el 100% fue positivo para genotipo HLA-DQB1 de riesgo. El 84% de los familiares presentó factores de riesgo positivo para síndrome metabólico. Se dividió a la población en dos grupos (sobrepeso/obesidad vs. normopeso. No hubo diferencias en los valores de péptido C en ayunas o en el índice glucemia/péptido C entre los dos grupos El péptido C en el MMTT mostró mayor área bajo la curva (1.77 ng/ml vs. 5.5 ng/ml, p = 0.0007 y valores más altos a los 60 y 120 minutos (p: 0.02 y 0.03 en el grupo con SP/OB. En conclusión, los pacientes con diabetes tipo 1A con SP/OB tienen mayor capacidad de respuesta pancreática medida por péptido C, sugiriendo que el estado nutricional podría actuar como acelerador del comienzo clínico de la enfermedad.Changes in the clinical presentation of diabetes mellitus in childhood and adolescence associated with obesity have resulted in an

  18. Superconductivity in Na{sub 1-x}CoO{sub 2}.yH{sub 2}O thin films

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hildebrandt, Sandra; Komissinkiy, Philipp; Alff, Lambert [Institute for Materials Science, TU Darmstadt (Germany); Fritsch, Ingo; Habermeier, Hanns-Ulrich [Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart (Germany); Lemmens, Peter [Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Braunschweig (Germany)

    2010-07-01

    Sodium cobaltate (Na{sub 1-x}CoO{sub 2}) is a novel material with thermoelectric behavior, charge and spin ordered states dependent on the sodium content in the composition. A superconducting phase was found in water intercalated sodium cobaltate (Na{sub 1-x}CoO{sub 2}.yH{sub 2}O) with x=0.65-0.7 and y=0.9-1.3. The pairing state is still under debate, but there are some indications for a spin-triplet or p-wave superconducting pairing state. First films of Na{sub 1-x}CoO{sub 2}.yH{sub 2}O with a superconducting transition temperature near 5 K have been successfully grown. Here we report on thin films of Na{sub 1-x}CoO{sub 2} grown by pulsed laser deposition technique. The deposition parameters, sodium deintercalation and water intercalation conditions are tuned in order to obtain the superconducting phase. The instability of this phase might be an indication for triplet superconductivity, which is known to be affected strongly by impurities and defects.This observation is in agreement with the fact that so far also no superconducting thin films of the most famous triplet superconductor Sr{sub 2}RuO{sub 4} have been reported.

  19. Does 99mTc MAA study accurately predict the Hepatopulmonary shunt fraction of 90Y theraspheres?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jha, Ashish; Zade, A.; Monteiro, P.; Shah, S.; Purandare, N.C.; Rangarajan, V.; Kulkarni, S.; Kulkarni, A.; Shetty, Nitin

    2010-01-01

    Full text: Transarterial-radioembolisation (TARE) is FDA approved therapeutic option for primary and metastatic liver malignancy when patient is inoperable; which in addition to the embolic effect (as seen with Transarterial- chemoembolisation-TACE) also gives the benefit of selectively irradiation to the target lesions with minimal toxicity to adjacent normal hepatocytes. However there is a risk of shunting of radioactive spheres to pulmonary circulation and subsequent pulmonary toxicity if the hepatopulmonary shunt fraction is high. The estimated lung dose becomes the limiting factor for the dose that can be delivered trans-arterially for radioembolisation of hepatic neoplasms.This is achieved by a pretreatment 99m Tc MAA study. Aim: The accuracy of 99m Tc-MAA Scintigraphy to predict the hepatopulmonary shunt fraction of 90 Y Theraspheres was evaluated by comparing it with that obtained by post therapeutic Bremsstrahlung imaging. Materials and Methods: Patients: 13 patients who underwent 90 Y Theraspheres radioembolisation of hepatic malignancies (both primary and secondary) underwent pre therapeutic 99m Tc- MAA Scintigraphy and post therapeutic 90 Y Bremsstrahlung Scintigraphy. 10-12 mCi of freshly prepared 99m Tc MAA was administered by selective hepatic artery cauterization. Planar and tomographic images were acquired within 1hr of radiopharmaceutical administration. IMAGE ACQUISITION 99m Tc MAA static images were acquired in 256 x 256 matrix (1000 KCnts) and SPECT were a 128 x 128 matrix with 64 frames (20 s/frame). The scan parameters for CT were 140 kV, 2.5 mAs, and 1-cm slices. SPECT images were corrected for attenuation and scatter. Post therapeutic 90 Y Bremsstrahlung imaging was done with HEGP collimator with photo peak centered at 140 KeV - 64.29% and +56% window width. SPECT/CT images were obtained using a dual-detector gamma-camera with a mounted 1-row CT scanner (Infinia Hawkeye; GE medical systems) to evaluate hepatic and extra hepatic tracer

  20. Diferentes perspectivas sobre aborto y gestión de la muerte en Brasil: posiciones religiosas y del discurso médico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edlaine de Campos Gomes

    Full Text Available Este artículo problematiza el debate en torno a cuestiones públicas controvertidas, a partir de dos casos: 1 las diferencias discursivas en los posicionamientos de instituciones religiosas, en el campo evangélico, acerca de la despenalización del aborto; y 2 la incorporación al discurso médico de justificaciones religiosas, en el caso de la ortotanasia, defendida por el Consejo Federal de Medicina. En Brasil, los temas relacionados con la gestión de la vida y del morir exponen diferentes posicionamientos en el espacio público, explicitando en cada momento histórico alineamientos de corrientes favorables o contrarias a las leyes vigentes,.Dos temas relativos a los límites de la vida potencian esta trama: aborto y eutanasia. Las líneas de fuerza que interactúan son cruzadas por cuestiones culturales, sociales, religiosas y políticas, concernientes a la definición de la condición de persona. Saberes médico-científicos, jurídicos y religiosos se articulan de distintas formas, confiriendo legitimidad a los discursos en cuestión.

  1. Unusual electronic features and reactivity of the dipyridylazaallyl ligand: characterizations of (smif)2M [M = Fe, Co, Co+, Ni; smif = {(2-py)CH}2N] and [(TMS)2NFe]2(smif)2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frazier, Brenda A; Wolczanski, Peter T; Lobkovsky, Emil B; Cundari, Thomas R

    2009-03-18

    Application of the dipyridylazaallyl ligand (2-py)CHNCH(2-py) (smif) to a series of first-row transition metals afforded (smif)(2)M(n) [n = 0, M = Fe (1), Co (2), Ni (3); n = +1, M = Co (2+)] and {(TMS)(2)NFe}(2)(smif)(2) (4(2)) via metathetical procedures. The Mossbauer spectrum of 1 (S = 0) and TDDFT calculations, including a UV-vis spectral simulation, reveal it to be a covalent, strong-field system with Delta(o) estimated as approximately 18,000 cm(-1) and B approximately 470 cm(-1). (smif)(2)Co (2) has S = 1/2 according to SQUID data at 10 K. DFT calculations suggest that the odd electron is localized in a smif pi* orbital, i.e., smif is redox-active. EPR-silent (smif)(2)Ni (3) has S = 1 (SQUID), and calculations show that the unpaired spins reside in the d(z(2)) and d(x(2))(-y(2)) orbitals. X-ray structural parameters suggest that low-spin d(6) 1 and 2+ are relatively symmetric D(2d) species, but 2 and 3 manifest a distortion in which one smif is canted in the plane perpendicular to the other. (smif)FeN(TMS)(2) (4) is principally monomeric in solution, but reversibly dimerizes (K(eq) approximately 10(-4) M(-1)) via C-C bond formation in the azaallyl backbone to crystallize as {(TMS)(2)NFe}(2)(smif)(2) (4(2)). The azaallyl compounds possess extraordinary UV-vis absorptivities (epsilon approximately 18,000-52,000) at 580 +/- 15 nm and 406(25) nm that have been identified as intraligand bands with C(nb) --> smif pi* character.

  2. Microdosing clinical study: pharmacokinetic, pharmacogenomic (SLCO2B1), and interaction (grapefruit juice) profiles of celiprolol following the oral microdose and therapeutic dose.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ieiri, Ichiro; Doi, Yohei; Maeda, Kazuya; Sasaki, Tomohiro; Kimura, Miyuki; Hirota, Takeshi; Chiyoda, Takeshi; Miyagawa, Mayuko; Irie, Shin; Iwasaki, Kazuhide; Sugiyama, Yuichi

    2012-07-01

    The authors evaluated the contribution of the SLCO2B1 polymorphism to the pharmacokinetics of celiprolol at a microdose (MD) and therapeutic dose (TD) and compared pharmacokinetic proportionality between the 2 dose forms in 30 SLCO2B1 genotype-matched healthy volunteers. Three drugs (celiprolol, fexofenadine, and atenolol) were orally administered as a cassette dosing following the MD (totally 97.5 µg) and then a TD (100 mg) of celiprolol, with and without grapefruit juice. The mean AUC(0-24) of celiprolol was lower in SLCO2B1*3/*3 individuals (775 ng·h/mL) than in *1/*3 (1097 ng·h/mL) and *1/*1 (1547 ng·h/mL) individuals following the TD, and this was confirmed in population pharmacokinetic analysis with statistical significances; however, SLCO2B1 genotype-dependent differences disappeared following the MD. Dose-normalized AUC of celiprolol at the MD was much lower than that at the TD, explained by the saturation of the efflux transporter. Thus, the effect of SLCO2B1 polymorphism on the AUC of celiprolol clearly observed only at the TD may be due to the saturation of the efflux transport systems.

  3. Consultorios adyacentes a farmacias privadas en México: infraestructura y características del personal médico y su remuneración

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Veronika J Wirtz

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Analizar las características del personal médico y su remuneración, así como la infraestructura, apego a la regulación y servicios ofrecidos en consultorios adyacentes a farmacias (CAF, y compararlos con consultorios médicos independientes (CMI. Material y métodos. Cuestionario aplicado a 239 médicos generales en 18 entidades federativas, incluido el Distrito Federal, en México en 2012. Resultados. Los médicos en CAF tenían menor experiencia profesional (5 vs 12 años, menos estudios de posgrado (61.2% vs 81.8% y menor salario base promedio mensual (MXN 5 500 vs MXN 8 500 que en CMI. En CAF hubo menor cumplimiento de la regulación en relación con la historia clínica y la receta médica. Conclusiones. Los aspectos laborales explorados de médicos en CAF son más precarios que en CMI. Es necesario fortalecer la aplicación de la regulación vigente para consultorios y generar políticas a partir del monitoreo de su funcionamiento, particularmente, pero no de forma exclusiva, en CAF.

  4. The human papillomavirus type 16 E6 oncoprotein activates mTORC1 signaling and increases protein synthesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Spangle, Jennifer M; Münger, Karl

    2010-09-01

    The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase acts as a cellular rheostat that integrates signals from a variety of cellular signal transduction pathways that sense growth factor and nutrient availability as well as intracellular energy status. It was previously reported that the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 oncoprotein may activate the S6 protein kinase (S6K) through binding and E6AP-mediated degradation of the mTOR inhibitor tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) (Z. Lu, X. Hu, Y. Li, L. Zheng, Y. Zhou, H. Jiang, T. Ning, Z. Basang, C. Zhang, and Y. Ke, J. Biol. Chem. 279:35664-35670, 2004; L. Zheng, H. Ding, Z. Lu, Y. Li, Y. Pan, T. Ning, and Y. Ke, Genes Cells 13:285-294, 2008). Our results confirmed that HPV16 E6 expression causes an increase in mTORC1 activity through enhanced phosphorylation of mTOR and activation of downstream signaling pathways S6K and eukaryotic initiation factor binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). However, we did not detect a decrease in TSC2 levels in HPV16 E6-expressing cells. We discovered, however, that HPV16 E6 expression causes AKT activation through the upstream kinases PDK1 and mTORC2 under conditions of nutrient deprivation. We show that HPV16 E6 expression causes an increase in protein synthesis by enhancing translation initiation complex assembly at the 5' mRNA cap and an increase in cap-dependent translation. The increase in cap-dependent translation likely results from HPV16 E6-induced AKT/mTORC1 activation, as the assembly of the translation initiation complex and cap-dependent translation are rapamycin sensitive. Lastly, coexpression of the HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins does not affect HPV16 E6-induced activation of mTORC1 and cap-dependent translation. HPV16 E6-mediated activation of mTORC1 signaling and cap-dependent translation may be a mechanism to promote viral replication under conditions of limited nutrient supply in differentiated, HPV oncoprotein-expressing proliferating cells.

  5. Estereotipos Sexuales y su Relación con Conductas Sexuales Riesgosas1,2,3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pérez-Jiménez, David; Orengo-Aguayo, Rosaura E.

    2012-01-01

    Resumen Los estereotipos sexuales son creencias generalmente aceptadas y poco cuestionadas que podrían contribuir a cómo los hombres y las mujeres debemos expresar nuestra sexualidad. Los objetivos de este estudio eran identificar cuántos hombres y mujeres heterosexuales en Puerto Rico endosaban ciertos estereotipos acerca de la sexualidad masculina y femenina y explorar la relación entre el endoso de estos estereotipos sexuales y las actitudes hacia el condón masculino y su uso en relaciones sexuales vaginales Llevamos a cabo un estudio descriptivo-correlacional mediante el cual le administramos dos escalas, una sobre sexualidad masculina y otra sobre sexualidad femenina a un grupo de 429 personas heterosexuales. Encontramos que los hombres endosaron estereotipos sexuales masculinos y femeninos más que las mujeres y que estos tienden a tener una visión más conservadora respecto a la sexualidad femenina que la que tienen sobre su propia sexualidad. Las mujeres, por otra parte, tienden a ver su propia sexualidad y la sexualidad masculina en términos menos estereotipados y más equitativos. También encontramos que a mayor endoso de creencias tradicionales sobre la sexualidad masculina y femenina, peor la actitud hacia el uso del condón masculino. Sin embargo, el endosar estereotipos sexuales masculinos y/o femeninos no se relacionó con el uso del condón. Estos hallazgos contradicen la literatura que sugiere que estos estereotipos sexuales y de género resultan en conductas sexuales de alto riesgo, lo cual tiene implicaciones importantes para el desarrollo e implementación de programas de prevención. PMID:24575164

  6. Elu kui näitemäng / Helju Koger

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Koger, Helju, 1943-

    2007-01-01

    VI kihelkonnapäevadest Juurus. Juuru Mihkli kirikus esines ansambel Resonabilis. Konverentsil räägiti Järlepa mõisast, Anu Allikvee pidas ettekande "August von Kotzebue elu nagu näitemäng" jm. Näitemängu "Pärmi Jaagu unenägu" nägi kohalike asjaarmastajate esituses

  7. Theoretical investigations on the magnetocaloric and barocaloric effects in Tb{sub y}Gd{sub (1y)}Al{sub 2} series

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ribeiro, P.O.; Alho, B.P.; Alvarenga, T.S.T.; Nóbrega, E.P. [Instituto de Física, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013 RJ (Brazil); Carvalho, A.Magnus G. [Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, SP (Brazil); Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia – INMETRO, 25250-020 Duque de Caxias, RJ (Brazil); Sousa, V.S.R. de; Caldas, A.; Oliveira, N.A. de [Instituto de Física, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013 RJ (Brazil); Ranke, P.J. von, E-mail: von.ranke@uol.com.br [Instituto de Física, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013 RJ (Brazil)

    2013-06-25

    Highlights: ► Anisotropic magnetocaloric effect in in Tb{sub 0.4}Gd{sub 0.6}Al{sub 2}. ► Prediction of barocaloric effect in Tb{sub 0.4}Gd{sub 0.6}Al{sub 2}. ►An optimal hybrid magnetocaloric material using Tb{sub y}Gd{sub (1-y)}Al{sub 2} compounds. -- Abstract: We report the calculations on the magnetocaloric and barocaloric effects in ferromagnetic series Tb{sub y}Gd{sub (1y)}Al{sub 2}. Our model includes the crystalline electrical field interaction, exchange interactions among Tb–Tb, Gd–Gd and Tb–Gd magnetic ions and the Zeeman effect for an anisotropic system. The lattice and electronic entropies were included in adiabatic processes. The magnetocaloric effect calculated for magnetic field changes along the easy magnetic direction 〈1 1 1〉 is in good agreement with the experimental data. Calculation along the hard magnetization direction 〈0 0 1〉 predicts anomalous magnetocaloric effect, which was ascribed to the spin reorientation processes. From the available experimental data of Curie temperature dependence on pressure, the exchange model parameters were scaled and the barocaloric effect was calculated.

  8. Ejemplo de médico y revolucionario

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Elena Cuervo Calviño

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Hay hombres que dedican su vida a una causa y por eso, aunque mueran, se mantienen siempre vivos. El Dr. Jeremías José Ramón Hernández Ojito es un vivo ejemplo de ello, quien participó en las actividades revolucionarias desde sus inicios, en actos de sabotajes y distribución de propaganda revolucionaria, vendiendo bonos para el movimiento 26 de julio y en todo cuanto estuvo a su alcance para apoyar el triunfo en 1959. En el año 1965 termina sus estudios médicos y a pesar de ser del municipio de Güines de la provincia de La Habana, vino a trabajar al hospital de la capital provincial de Las Tunas, donde estuvo al frente del servicio de Cirugía, también permaneció durante un tiempo en el hospital “Vladimir Ilich Lenin” de Holguín para realizar estudios de residencia en Cirugía, concluidos los cuales, regresa a Las Tunas, ocupando diferentes cargos administrativos y sindicales, siempre aportando sus conocimientos en el sitio donde más se necesitaran. Por la experiencia adquirida en su especialidad, en el año 1974 fue uno de los integrantes del equipo de cirugía que participó en la famosa separación de las siamesas en el hospital “Vladimir Ilich Lenin”, operación nunca antes realizada en nuestro país y de éxito rotundo, lo cual corrobora el hecho de que las dos aún viven. En septiembre de 1982 fue nombrado Decano de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Las Tunas, cargo que desempeñó hasta septiembre de 1989 cuando fue designado Director del Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas. Entre 1992 y 2000 fue miembro del “Panel de Asesores Expertos en Información Biomédica y Salud” de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, además  integró el Ejecutivo Nacional del Comité de Médicos para la Prevención de la Guerra Nuclear (IPPNW. Como aval de su trayectoria médica y revolucionaria se relacionan los principales reconocimientos y distinciones recibidos en el transcurso de su vida: Llegó a ser

  9. Magnetic susceptibilities of Ca/sub y/U/sub 1-y/O/sub 2+x/ solid solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hinatsu, Y.; Fujino, T.

    1988-01-01

    Magnetic susceptibilities of Ca/sub y/U/sub 1-y/O/sub 2+x/ solid solutions with fluorite structure were measured from 4.2 K to room temperature. An antiferromagnetic transition was observed for all the solid solutions examined in this study (y ≤ 0.33). The Neel temperature of the oxygen-hypostoichiometric solid solutions (x 2 solid solutions, but different from that of (U,Th)O 2 solid solutions. The effective magnetic moment decreased with increasing calcium concentration, which indicates the oxidation of uranium in the solid solutions. From the analysis of the magnetic susceptibility data, it was found that the oxidation state of uranium was either tetravalent or pentavalent. The Neel temperature of the hyperstoichiometric solid solutions (x > 0) did not change appreciably with calcium concentrations. From the comparison of the magnetic susceptibility data of the hypostoichiometric solid solutions with those of the hyperstoichiometric solid solutions, the effect of oxygen vacancies is more significant than that of interstitial oxygens on the decrease of magnetic interactions between uranium ions

  10. [Pt(O,O’-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] Alters SH-SY5Y Cell Migration and Invasion by the Inhibition of Na+/H+ Exchanger Isoform 1 Occurring through a PKC-ε/ERK/mTOR Pathway

    Science.gov (United States)

    Muscella, Antonella; Vetrugno, Carla; Calabriso, Nadia; Cossa, Luca Giulio; De Pascali, Sandra Angelica; Fanizzi, Francesco Paolo; Marsigliante, Santo

    2014-01-01

    We previously showed that [Pt(O,O’-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] ([Pt(acac)2(DMS)]) exerted substantial cytotoxic effects in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and decreased metalloproteases (MMPs) production and cells migration in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The ubiquitously distributed sodium-hydrogen antiporter 1 (NHE1) is involved in motility and invasion of many solid tumours. The present study focuses on the effects of [Pt(acac)2(DMS)] in SH-SY5Y cell migration and also on the possibility that NHE1 may be involved in such effect. After sublethal [Pt(acac)2(DMS)] treatment cell migration was examined by wounding assay and cell invasion by transwell assay. NHE1 activity was measured in BCECF-loaded SH-SY5Y as the rate of Na+-dependent intracellular pH recovery in response to an acute acid pulse. Gelatin zymography for MMP-2/9 activities, Western blottings of MMPs, MAPKs, mTOR, S6 and PKCs and small interfering RNAs to PKC-ε/-δ mRNA were performed. Sublethal concentrations of [Pt(acac)2(DMS)] decreases NHE1 activity, inhibites cell migration and invasion and decreases expression and activity of MMP-2 and -9. [Pt(acac)2(DMS)] administered to SH-SY5Y cells provokes the increment of ROS, generated by NADPH oxidase, responsible for the PKC-ε and PKC-δ activation. Whilst PKC-δ activates p38/MAPK, responsible for the inhibition of MMP-2 and -9 secretion, PKC-ε activates a pathway made of ERK1/2, mTOR and S6K responsible for the inhibition of NHE1 activity and cell migration. In conclusion, we have shown a drastic impairment in tumour cell metastatization in response to inhibition of NHE1 and MMPs activities by [Pt(acac)2(DMS)] occurring through a novel mechanism mediated by PKC-δ/-ε activation. PMID:25372487

  11. [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] alters SH-SY5Y cell migration and invasion by the inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 occurring through a PKC-ε/ERK/mTOR Pathway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Muscella, Antonella; Vetrugno, Carla; Calabriso, Nadia; Cossa, Luca Giulio; De Pascali, Sandra Angelica; Fanizzi, Francesco Paolo; Marsigliante, Santo

    2014-01-01

    We previously showed that [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] ([Pt(acac)2(DMS)]) exerted substantial cytotoxic effects in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and decreased metalloproteases (MMPs) production and cells migration in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The ubiquitously distributed sodium-hydrogen antiporter 1 (NHE1) is involved in motility and invasion of many solid tumours. The present study focuses on the effects of [Pt(acac)2(DMS)] in SH-SY5Y cell migration and also on the possibility that NHE1 may be involved in such effect. After sublethal [Pt(acac)2(DMS)] treatment cell migration was examined by wounding assay and cell invasion by transwell assay. NHE1 activity was measured in BCECF-loaded SH-SY5Y as the rate of Na+-dependent intracellular pH recovery in response to an acute acid pulse. Gelatin zymography for MMP-2/9 activities, Western blottings of MMPs, MAPKs, mTOR, S6 and PKCs and small interfering RNAs to PKC-ε/-δ mRNA were performed. Sublethal concentrations of [Pt(acac)2(DMS)] decreases NHE1 activity, inhibits cell migration and invasion and decreases expression and activity of MMP-2 and -9. [Pt(acac)2(DMS)] administered to SH-SY5Y cells provokes the increment of ROS, generated by NADPH oxidase, responsible for the PKC-ε and PKC-δ activation. Whilst PKC-δ activates p38/MAPK, responsible for the inhibition of MMP-2 and -9 secretion, PKC-ε activates a pathway made of ERK1/2, mTOR and S6K responsible for the inhibition of NHE1 activity and cell migration. In conclusion, we have shown a drastic impairment in tumour cell metastatization in response to inhibition of NHE1 and MMPs activities by [Pt(acac)2(DMS)] occurring through a novel mechanism mediated by PKC-δ/-ε activation.

  12. Alloying as a Route to Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Improved Optoelectronic Performance: Mo(S1–xSex)2 and Mo1yWyS2

    KAUST Repository

    Shi, Zhiming; Zhang, Qingyun; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo

    2018-01-01

    –xSex)2 and Mo1yWyS2 with x = 1/3, 2/3 and y = 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 are stable according to phonon calculations and realize 1T′ or 1T″ phases. The transition barriers from the 2H phase are lower than for monolayer MoS2, implying that the 1T′ or 1T″ phases

  13. Double-scaling limits of random matrices and minimal (2m, 1) models: the merging of two cuts in a degenerate case

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marchal, O; Cafasso, M

    2011-01-01

    In this paper, we show that the double-scaling-limit correlation functions of a random matrix model when two cuts merge with degeneracy 2m (i.e. when y ∼ x 2m for arbitrary values of the integer m) are the same as the determinantal formulae defined by conformal (2m, 1) models. Our approach follows the one developed by Bergère and Eynard in (2009 arXiv:0909.0854) and uses a Lax pair representation of the conformal (2m, 1) models (giving a Painlevé II integrable hierarchy) as suggested by Bleher and Eynard in (2003 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 36 3085). In particular we define Baker–Akhiezer functions associated with the Lax pair in order to construct a kernel which is then used to compute determinantal formulae giving the correlation functions of the double-scaling limit of a matrix model near the merging of two cuts

  14. Knowledge, attitudes and intention regarding mHealth in generation Y: evidence from a population based cross sectional study in Chakaria, Bangladesh.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rahman, M Shafiqur; Hanifi, Syed; Khatun, Fatema; Iqbal, Mohammad; Rasheed, Sabrina; Ahmed, Tanvir; Hoque, Shahidul; Sharmin, Tamanna; Khan, Nazib-Uz Zaman; Mahmood, Shehrin Shaila; Bhuiya, Abbas

    2017-11-15

    mHealth offers a new opportunity to ensure access to qualified healthcare providers. Therefore, to better understand its potential in Bangladesh, it is important to understand how young people use mobile phones for healthcare. Here we examine the knowledge, attitudes and intentions to use mHealth services among young population. Population based cross sectional household survey. A total of 4909 respondents, aged 18 years and above, under the Chakaria Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) area, were interviewed during the period November 2012 to April 2013. Participants younger than 30 years of age were defined as young (or generation Y). To examine the level of knowledge about and intention towards mHealth services in generation Y compared with their older counterparts, the percentage of the respective outcome measure from a 2×2 contingency table and adjusted odds ratio (aOR), which controls for potential confounders such as mobile ownership, sex, education, occupation and socioeconomic status, were estimated. The aOR was estimated using both the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel approach and multivariable logistic regression models controlling for confounders. Generation Y had significantly greater access to mobile phones (50%vs40%) and better knowledge about its use for healthcare (37.8%vs27.5%;aOR 1.6 (95% CI1.3 to 2.0)). Furthermore, the level of knowledge about two existing mHealth services in generation Y was significantly higher compared with their older counterparts, with aOR values of 3.2 (95% CI 2.6 to 5.5) and 1.5 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.8), respectively. Similarly, generation Y showed significantly greater intention towards future use of mHealth services compared with their older counterparts (aOR 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.4)). The observed associations were not modified by sociodemographic factors. There is a greater potential for mHealth services in the future among young people compared with older age groups. However, given the low overall use of m

  15. Oxygen chain disorder and compensation by Ca in Y(1-2-3) cuprates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suryanarayanan, R.; Ouhammou, L.; Das, A.; Leelaprute, S.

    1994-01-01

    Several M dopants such as Al, Fe, and Co at the Cu site destroy the superconductivity of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+z . However, superconductivity is restored by substituting Ca at the Y site. Arguments are developed to show that the oxygen chain disorder is not the only cause for destroying the superconductivity. A universal relation seems to exist between the net hole density as a result of Ca substitution and Tc. To stabilize the perovskite structure of YSr 2 Cu 3 O 6+z , it is necessary to substitute Cu by certain elements. Examples are given on Ti and Re substitution. Again, Ca cosubstitution increases Tc. Further, the irreversibility line is enhanced by Ca, indicating improved pinning in these materials in spite of the oxygen disorder. 16 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab

  16. Multi-analyte approach for the determination of ng L-1 levels of steroid hormones in unidentified aqueous samples

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Noppe, H.; Verheyden, K.; Gillis, W.; Courtheyn, D.; Vanthemsche, P.; De Brabander, H.F.

    2007-01-01

    Since the 1970s, many analytical methods for the detection of illegal growth promoters, such as thyreostats, anabolics, β-agonists and corticosteroids have been developed for a wide range of matrices of animal origin, including meat, fat, organ tissue, urine and faeces. The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method for the determination of ng L -1 levels of estrogens, gestagens, androgens (EGAs) and corticosteroids in aqueous preparations (i.e. drinking water, drinking water supplements), commercially available on the 'black' market. For this, extraction was performed with Bakerbond C 18 speedisk, a technique commonly used in environmental analysis. After fractionation, four fractions were collected using a methanol:water gradient program. Gas chromatography coupled to electron impact multiple mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS 2 ) screening for the EGAs was carried out on the derivatized extracts. For the detection of corticosteroids, gas chromatography coupled to negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS) was used after oxidation of the extracts. Confirmation was done by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization multiple mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS 2 ). The combined use of GC and LC coupled to MS enabled the identification and quantification of anabolics and corticosteroids at the low ng L -1 level. This study demonstrated the occurrence of both androgens and corticosteroids in different commercial aqueous samples

  17. Differential roles for neuropeptide Y Y1 and Y5 receptors in anxiety and sedation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sørensen, Gunnar; Lindberg, Camilla; Wörtwein, Gitta

    2004-01-01

    PP(1-7),NPY(19-23),Ala(31),Aib(32),Gln(34)]hPP) in the elevated plus maze and open field tests. As with NPY, the Y1 agonist had a dose-dependent anxiolytic-like effect in both behavioral tests. In contrast to NPY, which caused significant sedation in the open field test, the Y1 agonist was without...... sedative effect. The Y2 agonist showed neither anxiolytic-like nor sedative effects. The Y5 agonist showed anxiolytic-like activity in both behavioral tests and caused sedation in the same dose range as NPY in the open field test. These results indicate that anxiolytic-like effects of i...... NPY receptors in anxiety and sedation remains a possibility. In the present study, we addressed this issue by testing the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of NPY as well as specific receptor agonists for the Y1 receptor ([D-His(26)]NPY), Y2 receptor (C2-NPY), and Y5 receptor ([c...

  18. Prefrontal cortex NG2 glia undergo a developmental switch in their responsiveness to exercise.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tomlinson, Lyl; Huang, Po Hsuan; Colognato, Holly

    2018-03-22

    Aerobic exercise is known to influence brain function, e.g., enhancing executive function in both children and adults, with many of these influences being attributed to alterations in neurogenesis and neuronal function. Yet oligodendroglia in adult brains have also been reported to be highly responsive to exercise, including in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a late myelinating region implicated in working memory. However, whether exercise affects oligodendroglia or myelination in juveniles, either in the PFC or in other brain regions, remains unknown. To address this, both juvenile and young adult mice were provided free access to running wheels for four weeks followed by an analysis of oligodendrocyte development and myelination in the PFC and the corpus callosum, a major white matter tract. Working memory and PFC NG2+ cell development were both affected by exercise in juvenile mice, yet surprisingly these exercise-mediated effects were distinct in juveniles and young adults. In the PFC, NG2+ cell proliferation was increased in exercising juveniles, but not young adults, whereas newly-born oligodendrocyte production was increased in exercising young adults, but not juveniles. Although no overall changes in myelin genes were found, elevated levels of Monocarboxylate Transporter 1, a glial lactate transporter important during active myelination, were found in the PFC of exercising young adults. Overall our findings reveal that long-term exercise modulates PFC glial development and does so differentially in juvenile and young adult mice, providing insight into the cellular responses that may underlie cognitive benefits to teenagers and young adults in response to exercise. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  19. ADAR1 attenuates allogeneic graft rejection by suppressing miR-21 biogenesis in macrophages and promoting M2 polarization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Junjie; Xie, Jiangang; Liu, Shanshou; Li, Xiao; Zhang, Dongliang; Wang, Xianqi; Jiang, Jinquan; Hu, Wei; Zhang, Yuan; Jin, Boquan; Zhuang, Ran; Yin, Wen

    2018-04-25

    ADAR1 (adenosine deaminase acting on double-stranded RNA 1) is an RNA-editing enzyme that mediates adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing events, an important post-transcriptional modification mechanism that can alter the coding properties of mRNA or regulate microRNA biogenesis. ADAR1 also regulates the innate immune response. Here, we have demonstrated that ADAR1 expression increased in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Silencing ADAR1 by using small interfering RNA in macrophages resulted in the pronounced polarization of macrophages to M1, whereas ADAR1 overexpression promoted M2 polarization, which indicated that ADAR1 can inhibit macrophage hyperpolarization and prevent immune hyperactivity. The RNA-RNP immunoprecipitation binding assay demonstrated a direct interaction between ADAR1 and miR-21 precursor. Significant up-regulation in IL-10 and down-regulation in miR-21 were observed in ADAR1-overexpressing macrophages. We evaluated miR-21 target mRNAs and macrophage polarization signaling pathways and found that forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1) was up-regulated in cells that overexpressed ADAR1. In a mouse allogeneic skin transplantation model, grafts in the ADAR1-overexpressed group survived longer and suffered less immune cell infiltration. In ADAR1-overexpressed recipients, splenic macrophages were significantly polarized to M2, and levels of sera IL-10 were markedly higher than those in the control group. In summary, ADAR1 modulates macrophage M2 polarization via the ADAR1-miR-21-Foxo1-IL-10 axis, thereby suppressing allogeneic graft rejection.-Li, J., Xie, J., Liu, S., Li, X., Zhang, D., Wang, X., Jiang, J., Hu, W., Zhang, Y., Jin, B., Zhuang, R., Yin, W. ADAR1 attenuates allogeneic graft rejection by suppressing miR-21 biogenesis in macrophages and promoting M2 polarization.

  20. Comparative analysis of hepatopulmonary shunt obtained from pretherapy 99mTc MAA scintigraphy and post-therapy 90Y Bremsstrahlung imaging in 90Y microsphere therapy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jha, Ashish Kumar A; Zade, Anand A; Rangarajan, Venkatesh; Purandare, Nilendu; Shah, Sneha A; Agrawal, Archi; Kulkarni, Suyash S; Shetty, Nitin

    2012-05-01

    (99m)Tc macroaggregate albumin (MAA) scintigraphy is routinely used to estimate the hepatopulmonary shunt (HPS) of (90)Y microspheres because of their comparable average particle sizes (20-30 µm). However, the MAA particle size can vary from 10 to 90 µm. Therefore, HPS computed from (99m)Tc MAA scintigraphy may not accurately represent the HPS of (90)Y microspheres. In view of this, the present study was undertaken to investigate the accuracy of (99m)Tc MAA scintigraphy in estimating the HPS of (90)Y microspheres. Nineteen sessions of transarterial radioembolization using (90)Y therasphere were carried out in 17 patients for hepatic malignancies (both primary and secondary). For each session of therapy, a pretherapeutic (99m)Tc MAA scintigraphy and post-therapeutic (90)Y Bremsstrahlung scintigraphy were performed. The HPSs obtained from these images were compared. The mean HPS fractions calculated from the pretherapeutic (99m)Tc MAA study and the post-therapeutic (90)Y Bremsstrahlung images were 4.77 ± 2.81 and 4.52 ± 2.5%, respectively. The coefficient of correlation (r) was 0.96. (99m)Tc MAA scintigraphy accurately predicts the HPS of (90)Y microspheres.

  1. Personalidad y su relación con el uso versus abuso del teléfono móvil

    OpenAIRE

    Olivencia-Carrión, Mª Angustias; Pérez-Marfil, Mª Nieves; Ramos-Revelles, Mª Belén; López-Torrecillas, Francisca

    2016-01-01

    Resumen Las investigaciones realizadas han confirmado que el uso excesivo del teléfono móvil genera efectos perjudiciales en la salud y en las relaciones sociales. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las variables de personalidad asociadas al uso versus abuso del teléfono móvil. Ciento sesenta y cinco participantes fueron divididos en tres grupos en función del tiempo de uso diario del teléfono móvil, el Grupo 1 usaba el teléfono móvil menos de una hora al día, el Grupo 2 usaba el te...

  2. Bariatric Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: Adipocyte Proteins Involved in Increased Bone Remodeling in Humans.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Biagioni, Maria Fernanda G; Mendes, Adriana L; Nogueira, Célia Regina; Leite, Celso V; Gollino, Loraine; Mazeto, Gláucia Mfs

    2017-07-01

    Bariatric surgery has been associated with bone remodeling changes. The action of adipokines on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa β ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and on an increase in sclerostin could be related to these changes. This study aimed to assess the repercussions of weight loss, fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) loss and biochemical and hormonal changes on bone remodeling markers after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Anthropometric data, parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), collagen type 1 C-telopeptide (CTX), 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-VitD), leptin, adiponectin, RANKL, OPG, and sclerostin of 30 menstruating women were measured preoperatively (Pre), and 3, 12, and 24 months (m) after RYGB. Leptin (34.4 (14.7; 51.9) vs. 22.5 (1.9; 52.7) ng/mL) and OPG (3.6 (1.1; 11.5) vs. 3.4 (1.5; 6) pmol/L) decreased, and adiponectin (7.4 (1.7; 18.4) vs. 13.8 (3.0; 34.6) μg/mL), CTX (0.2 (0.1; 2.2) vs. 0.6 (0.4; 6.0) ng/mL), RANKL (0.1 (0.0; 0.5) vs. 0.3 (0.0; 2.0) pmol/L), and sclerostin (21.7 (3.2; 75.1) vs. 34.8 (6.4; 80.5) pmol/L) increased after 3 m. BSAP increased after 12 m (10.1 (5.4; 18.9) vs. 13.9 (6.9; 30.2) μg/mL) (p < 0.005). CTX correlated positively with adiponectin at 24 m and inversely with leptin Pre; OPG at 3 m; weight, FM, FFM, and leptin at 24 m. RANKL correlated directly with weight at 3 m. Sclerostin correlated inversely with weight Pre and FM at 3 m. BSAP correlated negatively with 25-OH-VitD at 12 m, and positively with PTH at 24 m. RYGB induced weight loss, and biochemical, hormonal, and body composition changes are associated with higher bone remodeling.

  3. Editorial: Traducción y dispositivos móviles

    OpenAIRE

    Serón-Ordóñez, Inmaculada

    2016-01-01

    Los dispositivos móviles (tabletas, teléfonos inteligentes,...) están transformando la localización, al haber dado lugar a nuevos sistemas operativos y a una explosión de aplicaciones con sus características propias frente al software de escritorio. En estetrabajo, se presenta el monográfico de Tradumàtica dedicado a las intersecciones entre la traducción y los dispositivos móviles. Dicho monográfico presta especial atención a la traducción de productos concebidos para dispositivos móviles y ...

  4. Vitamin D prenatal programming of childhood metabolomics profiles at age 3 y.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blighe, Kevin; Chawes, Bo L; Kelly, Rachel S; Mirzakhani, Hooman; McGeachie, Michael; Litonjua, Augusto A; Weiss, Scott T; Lasky-Su, Jessica A

    2017-10-01

    Background: Vitamin D deficiency is implicated in a range of common complex diseases that may be prevented by gestational vitamin D repletion. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms related to in utero vitamin D exposure may therefore shed light on complex disease susceptibility. Objective: The goal was to analyze the programming role of in utero vitamin D exposure on children's metabolomics profiles. Design: First, unsupervised clustering was done with plasma metabolomics profiles from a case-control subset of 245 children aged 3 y with and without asthma from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART), in which pregnant women were randomly assigned to vitamin D supplementation or placebo. Thereafter, we analyzed the influence of maternal pre- and postsupplement vitamin D concentrations on cluster membership. Finally, we used the metabolites driving the clustering of children to identify the dominant metabolic pathways that were influential in each cluster. Results: We identified 3 clusters of children characterized by 1 ) high concentrations of fatty acids and amines and low maternal postsupplement vitamin D (mean ± SD; 27.5 ± 11.0 ng/mL), 2 ) high concentrations of amines, moderate concentrations of fatty acids, and normal maternal postsupplement vitamin D (34.0 ± 14.1 ng/mL), and 3 ) low concentrations of fatty acids, amines, and normal maternal postsupplement vitamin D (35.2 ± 15.9 ng/mL). Adjusting for sample storage time, maternal age and education, and both child asthma and vitamin D concentration at age 3 y did not modify the association between maternal postsupplement vitamin D and cluster membership ( P = 0.0014). Maternal presupplement vitamin D did not influence cluster membership, whereas the combination of pre- and postsupplement concentrations did ( P = 0.03). Conclusions: Young children can be clustered into distinct biologically meaningful groups by their metabolomics profiles. The clusters differed in concentrations of

  5. Estandarización de la técnica de PCR para amplificar el genoma mitocondrial de las tortugas cabezona (Caretta caretta y carey (Eretmochelys imbricata anidantes del Caribe colombiano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Hernández Fernández

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Las tortugas marinas, Eretmochelys imbricata y Caretta caretta se encuentran distribuidas en aguas tropicales del Indo-Pacífico y Atlántico y son consideradas especies importantes dentro del ecosistema. Estas tortugas se han catalogado en peligro crítico ya que han sido explotadas por su caparazón, huevos y carne. Las poblaciones de ambas especies se encuentran en un declive poblacional significativo en el Caribe colombiano. Los estudios genéticos del ADN mitocondrial permiten el apoyo de planes de manejo y conservación. En el presente estudio se estandarizaron las mejores condiciones de la técnica de PCR para la amplificación de 22 fragmentos de 800 pb solapadas en 50 pb del mitogenoma de las tortugas E. imbricata y C. caretta. Se diseñaron oligonucleótidos-primers para la amplificación de estos mitogenomas a partir de secuencias previamente descritas de la tortuga verde Chelonia mydas. Se evaluó la concentración de Mg+2, ADN, oligonucleótidos-primers y la temperatura de anillamiento. La reacción estandarizada de PCR se obtuvo en un volumen final de 25 μl, conteniendo 20-70 ng de DNA, 0,5-1 mM de cada oligonucleótidos-primers, 1,5-3,0 mM de Mg+2, 1 U de Taq polimerasa y 0,2 mM de cada dNTP’s. Los parámetros de amplificación optimizados fueron: desnaturalización inicial de 5 min a 94 °C, seguida por 35 ciclos de 94 °C por 1 min, 37-50 °C por 1 min (de acuerdo a los oligonucleótidos-primers y 72 °C por 1 min. Se obtuvo el 63 % de la secuencia de la tortuga carey y el 68 % de la tortuga cabezona. Estas secuencias presentaron un 99-100 % de identidad con las secuencias previamente reportadas.

  6. Evolución de la prevalencia de tabaquismo entre las médicas y enfermeras de la Comunidad de Madrid

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernández Ruiz M.L.

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamentos: En España la prevalencia de tabaquismo es elevada y se está incrementando entre las mujeres. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es estudiar la evolución de la prevalencia de tabaquismo entre las médicas y enfermeras de la Comunidad de Madrid, sus conocimientos y conductas al respecto, así como la existencia de espacios libres de humo en los centros sanitarios. Métodos: Se han realizado, en 1998 y 2001, estudios descriptivos transversales entre las médicas y enfermeras de la Comunidad de Madrid mediante una encuesta sobre hábito tabáquico, en muestreos polietápicos por conglomerados. Resultados: En 1998 se estudió a 1.235 profesionales (435 médicas y 800 enfermeras y en 2001 a 1.000 (400 médicas y 600 enfermeras. Eran fumadoras el 43,1% en 1998 y el 43% en 2001, y en ambos años el tabaquismo fue más frecuente entre las enfermeras (el 47,6 y el 47%, respectivamente que entre las médicas (el 34,7 y el 37%, y entre quienes trabajan en atención especializada (el 46,6 y el 46,7% respecto a las que lo hacen en atención primaria (el 35,3 y el 37,3%. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la prevalencia de tabaquismo según la profesión, comparando ambos años. En las dos encuestas las médicas más jóvenes (< 30 años presentaban la menor prevalencia de tabaquismo (el 22,9 y el 23,6%, y una situación similar se encontró en 2001 entre las enfermeras (el 43,8% de prevalencia en el grupo menor de 30 años. El porcentaje de ex fumadoras fue mayor en 2001 (el 18,8 frente al 27,8%. El porcentaje de las que fumaban delante de los pacientes disminuyó (el 2,9 frente al 1% así como el de quienes creían que se debía permitir fumar en las salas de espera (el 14,9 frente al 7,4%. Disminuyó el porcentaje de quienes señalaron que se fumaba habitualmente en las salas de uso común (el 90,6 frente al 87,1% y se incrementó el de quienes señalaron que en su centro de trabajo existía un lugar específico para fumar (el 30

  7. Microstructure analyses and thermoelectric properties of Ag1−xPb18Sb1+yTe20

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Perlt, S.; Höche, Th.; Dadda, J.; Müller, E.; Bauer Pereira, P.; Hermann, R.; Sarahan, M.; Pippel, E.; Brydson, R.

    2012-01-01

    This study reports microstructural investigations of long-term annealed Ag 1−x Pb m Sb 1+y Te 2+m (m=18, x=y=0, hereinafter referred to as AgPb 18 SbTe 20 ) (Lead–Antimony–Silver–Tellurium, LAST-18) as well as of Ag 1−x Pb 18 Sb 1+y Te 20 , i.e. Ag-deficient and Sb-excess LAST-18 (x≠0,y≠0), respectively. Two different length scales are explored. The micrometer scale was evaluated by SEM to analyze the volume fraction and the number of secondary phases as well as the impact of processing parameters on the homogeneity of bulk samples. For AgPb 18 SbTe 20 , site-specific FIB liftout of TEM lamellae from thermoelectrically characterized samples was accomplished to investigate the structure on the nanometer scale. High-resolution TEM and energy-filtered TEM were performed to reveal shape and size distribution of nanoprecipitates, respectively. A hypothesis concerning the structure–property relationship is set out within the frame of a gradient annealing experiment. This study is completed by results dealing with inhomogeneities on the micrometer scale of Ag 1−x Pb 18 Sb 1+y Te 20 and its electronic properties. Highlights: ► SEM and TEM microstructure investigation of long-term annealed AgPb 18 SbTe 20 . ► SEM and thermoelectric studies on Ag 1−x Pb 18 Sb 1+y Te 20 . ► Discussion concerning structure–property relationship in long-term annealed AgPb 18 SbTe 20 . ► Correlation between Ag 1−x Pb 18 Sb 1+y Te 20 microscale structure and electronic properties.

  8. INSERTION CHEMISTRY OF CP-ASTERISK(2)Y(2-PYRIDYL) AND MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE OF THE UNEXPECTED CO INSERTION PRODUCT (CP-ASTERISK(2)Y)2(MU-ETA-2-ETA-2-OC(NC5H4)2)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    DEELMAN, BJ; STEVELS, WM; TEUBEN, JH; LAKIN, MT; SPEK, AL

    1994-01-01

    Pyridine is metalated selectively at the 2-position by (Cp*2YH)2 to yield Cp*2Y(2-pyridyl) (1). Compound 1 reacts with H2 to give the hydride addition product Cp*2Y(NC5H6) (2). With THF and pyridine the adducts Cp*2Y(eta2-2-pyridyl)(THF) (3) and Cp*2Y(eta1-2-pyridyl)-(py) (4) are formed. The

  9. Prácticas sexuales de riesgo y seroprevalencia de infección por VIH-1. HTLV-1, sífilis y hepatitis B en varones drogadictos no endovenosos de Lima.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dany MUÑOZ

    1997-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Investigar la prevalencia de prácticas sexuales de riesgo para infección por Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual (ETS y la seroprevalencia de infección por VIH-1, HTLV-1, Hepatitis B y Sífilis en varones Drogadictos no Endovenosos (DNEV de Lima e identificar si ellos podrían ser considerados como grupo de alto riesgo de infección para HIV. Material y métodos: Encuesta anónima por entrevista directa sobre practicas sexuales y antecedentes de ETS, y análisis serológico para anticuerpos contra VIH, HTLV-1, HBc y T pallidum de 298 DNEV voluntarios del Instituto de Salud Mental "Honorio Delgado - Hideyo Noguchi" y de 10 Organizaciones No Gubernamentales ("Comunidades Terapéuticas" de Lima Metropolitana entre Abril y Agosto de 1996. Resultados: Cinco (1.7% muestras fueron positivas para VIH y una resultó indeterminada (ELISA positivo y WB banda gp 160 presente. Siete (2.3% positivas para HTLV- 1, treinta y cuatro (11.4% positivas para Ab Anti-HBc; y una (0.3% fue RPR y FTA-Abs positiva. El promedio de edad fué 28.8 ± 8.1 años. El promedio de tiempo de consumo de drogas más frecuente fue 6.9 ± 6.2 años con el 80% más de un año. Durante la etapa de consumo: el promedio del número de parejas sexuales fue 53.9 ± 243 con una mediana de 15. De los DNEV mantuvieron relaciones sexuales con Parejas Sexuales Estables el 79%, con Encuentros Casuales el 82%, con Meretrices el 62.4% y con Homosexuales el 60%; el uso consistente de condón es bajo con todos los tipos de parejas sexuales y en todos los tipos de relaciones sexuales pero aumenta significativamente en las relaciones sexuales con meretrices. Con el uso de drogas existe un aumento en el número de parejas sexuales y mayor frecuencia de algunas prácticas sexuales de riesgo tal como el coito anal con todos los tipos de parejas sexuales, así mismo un elevado porcentaje (75% mantienen relaciones sexuales estando drogados, y el 32.9% intercambian drogas por sexo. El 43

  10. Compuestos orgánicos persistentes y metales pesados en sangre y efectos en el desarrollo neuropsicológico de la primera infancia en las cohortes de madres-niños INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aritz Aranbarri Paredes

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: El proyecto INMA es un estudio multicéntrico basado en el seguimiento prospectivo de cohortes de madres-hijos en distintas áreas de la geografía española. Objetivo: Estudiar la relación entre los principales contaminantes ambientales y el desarrollo de los niños y niñas en las fases pre y postnatales. Material y Métodos: El conjunto de las cohortes comparten metodología e instrumentos de recogida de información (exposición ambiental, muestras biológicas, exámenes del desarrollo físico y neuropsicológico, cuestionarios de dieta etc. durante el crecimiento intrauterino y en las fases de seguimiento en la infancia. Resultados: Se presentan los niveles de Compuestos Orgánicos Persistentes (COP en suero del primer trimestre de embarazo y de plomo (Pb y mercurio total (Hg-T de cordón umbilical y las asociaciones con el desarrollo neuropsicológico analizadas hasta la fecha. Los COP más frecuentemente encontrados fueron el p,p ́-DDE (99% y el PCB 153 (95% con medias geométricas en suero (ng/g-lípido de 110,0 (p,p ́-DDE y 38,9 (PCB 153. La media geométrica y el nivel máximo de Pb fueron 1,06 μg/dL y 19 μg/dL, respectivamente. La media geométrica de Hg-T fue de 8,2 μg/L, siendo el consumo de pescado el principal predictor. Un 64% de las muestras superan los niveles de referencia de Hg-T establecidos por la USEPA (6,4 μg/L. Conclusión: Los niveles de COP y Pb observados en las áreas de estudio se encuentran en el rango de valores ya descritos en estudios anteriores. Los niveles de Hg requieren una valoración más profunda, así como el estudio de las posibles asociaciones con el desarrollo neuropsicológico. 

  11. Total- and monomethyl-mercury and major ions in coastal California fog water: Results from two years of sampling on land and at sea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peter Weiss-Penzias

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Marine fog water samples were collected over two summers (2014–2015 with active strand collectors (CASCC at eight coastal sites from Humboldt to Monterey counties in California, USA, and on four ocean cruises along the California coastline in order to investigate mercury (Hg cycling at the ocean-atmosphere-land interface. The mean concentration of monomethylmercury (MMHg in fog water across terrestrial sites for both years was 1.6 ± 1.9 ng L-1 (<0.01–10.4 ng L-1, N = 149, which corresponds to 5.7% (2.0–10.8% of total Hg (HgT in fog. Rain water samples from three sites had mean MMHg concentrations of 0.20 ± 0.12 ng L-1 (N = 5 corresponding to 1.4% of HgT. Fog water samples collected at sea had MMHg concentrations of 0.08 ± 0.15 ng L-1 (N = 14 corresponding to 0.4% of HgT. Significantly higher MMHg concentrations in fog were observed at terrestrial sites next to the ocean relative to a site 40 kilometers inland, and the mean difference was 1.6 ng L-1. Using a rate constant for photo-demethylation of MMHg of -0.022 h-1 based on previous demethylation experiments and a coastal-inland fog transport time of 12 hours, a mean difference of only 0.5 ng L-1 of MMHg was predicted between coastal and inland sites, indicating other unknown source and/or sink pathways are important for MMHg in fog. Fog water deposition to a standard passive 1.00 m2 fog collector at six terrestrial sites averaged 0.10 ± 0.07 L m-2 d-1, which was ∼2% of typical rainwater deposition in this area. Mean air-surface fog water fluxes of MMHg and HgT were then calculated to be 34 ± 40 ng m-2 y-1 and 546 ± 581 ng m-2 y-1, respectively. These correspond to 33% and 13% of the rain fluxes, respectively.

  12. Identidades profesionales heterodoxas: el caso de médicas, médicos y psicólogas que integran medicinas y terapias alternativas en Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Betina Freidin

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Las sociedades occidentales evidencian mutaciones en los procesos de socialización y en el mercado de trabajo, que tienen su correlato en la formación de la identidad profesional. Conceptualizamos la identidad como un proceso continuo de producciones intersubjetivas en múltiples espacios de socialización e intercambio en un contexto de creciente singularización de las trayectorias personales. Para abordar distintas dimensiones en la dinámica de identificación profesional realizamos entrevistas en profundidad con psicólogas, médicas y médicos que integran enfoques terapéuticos alternativos en el ejercicio de su oficio en el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Focalizamos en las experiencias personales y laborales que las/los conducen a realizar resignificaciones y conversiones en el ejercicio profesional distanciándose del paradigma hegemónico de sus respectivas disciplinas. Enmarcamos estas interpretaciones y decisiones de carrera en movimientos profesionales críticos de la formación y prácticas ortodoxas, así como en tendencias socioculturales más amplias que amplían el horizonte para la construcción del proyecto profesional y el trabajo identitatario.

  13. Tuberculosis vertebral y compresión de la médula espinal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tomás Zamora Bastidas

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Un tercio de la población mundial está infectada por tuberculosis. Afecta pulmones, y en el 33% otros órganos. La tuberculosis vertebral ocurre en menos del 1% de los pacientes, es más frecuente en niños. Las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes son: el dolor y la limitación funcional. En etapas avanzadas presenta una giba dorsal, y alteraciones neurológicas. Para contribuir al conocimiento de características clínicas, el hecho de ser VIH negativo y la confi rmación histopatológica que se correlacionaron con los estudios de imagen, nos lleva a difundir el caso que describimos, con excelente respuesta al tratamiento fármaco quirúrgico.

  14. Evaluación de algunos métodos para la extracción de los micronutrimentos B, Fe, Zn, Mn y Cu en suelos de las zonas norte y centro del Valle del Cauca

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    García O. Álvaro

    1988-12-01

    Full Text Available Para evaluar el contenido de Fe, Cu, Mn y Zn disponibles en el suelo se usaron: EDTA 0.01M + NaHCD3 0.5 N, HCI 0.05 N + H2SD4, DTPA y HCI 0.1N. El B disponible fue extraído con Ca(H2PD42H20 0.008 M, HCI 0.05N y NH40Ac pH 4.8. Para la determinación de los micronutrimentos en el material vegetal se usaron como soluciones para la digestión el metanol ácido y la mezcla nítrico perclórica para Fe, Mn, Cu y Zn; para el B se usó el método de Hunter. El DTP A resultó adecuado para evaluar Fe y Cu, el doble ácido para Mn, el NaHC03 + EDTA para el Zn y el HCI 0.05N y Ca (H2P042 H20 para evaluar el B disponible en el suelo. La mezcla nítrico perclórica resultó más apropiada para la determinación de los nutrimentos en los tejidos que el metanol ácido.To evaluate available Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn was used: EDTA 00.1M + NaHC03 0.5N, HCI 0.05N + H2S04 0.025N, DTPA and HCI 0.1 N. Available B was extracted with Ca (H2P042 H2O 0.008M; HCI 0.05N and NH40Ac pH 4.8. For determination of micronutriment in the vegetal material was used as solution acid methanol and nitric – perchloric mixture for Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn; for B Hunters methods. DTPA is advantageous to evaluate Fe and Cu, double acid to Mn, NaHC03 + EDTA to Zn and HCI 0.05N and Ca(H2P042 H20 to evaluate B available in the soil. Nitric-perchloric mixture is most advantageous for determination of nutriments in the tissues than acid methanol.

  15. Determination of sub-ng g-1 levels of total inorganic arsenic and selenium in foods by hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry after pre-concentration.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Altunay, Nail; Gürkan, Ramazan

    2017-03-01

    A new and simple ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) procedure was developed for the determination of inorganic arsenic and selenium in foods by hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). The various analytical variables affecting complex formation and extraction efficiency were investigated and optimised. The method is based on selective complex formation of As(III) and Se(IV) in the presence of excess As(V) and Se(VI) with toluidine red in the presence of tartaric acid at pH 4.5, and then extraction of the resulting condensation products into the micellar phase of non-ionic surfactant, polyethylene glycol dodecyl ether, Brij 35. Under optimised conditions, good linear relationships were obtained in the ranges of 4-225 and 12-400 ng l - 1 with limits of detection of 1.1 and 3.5 ng l - 1 for As(III) and Se(IV), respectively. The repeatability was better than 3.9% for both analytes (n = 10, 25 ng l - 1 ) while reproducibility ranged from 4.2% to 4.8%. The recoveries of As(III) and Se(IV) spiked at 25-100 ng l - 1 were in the range of 94.2-104.8%. After pre-concentration of a 5.0 ml sample, the sensitivity enhancement factors for As(III) and Se(IV) were 185 and 140, respectively. Accuracy was assessed by analysis of two standard reference materials (SRMs) and spiked recovery experiments. The method was successfully applied to the accurate and reliable determination of total As and total Se by HG-AAS after pre-reduction with a mixture of L-cysteine and tartaric acid. Finally, the method was shown to be rapid and sensitive, with good results for extraction, pre-concentration and determination of total As and Se contents (as As(III) and Se(IV)) from food samples.

  16. Incapacidad laboral por diabetes mellitus: características epidemiológicas y complicaciones macro y microangiopáticas más frecuentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl Jesús Regal Ramos

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available La diabetes mellitus (DM es la enfermedad metabólica más frecuente y conlleva la disminución en la calidad de vida de los sujetos que la padecen, así como la pérdida de años de vida productiva a consecuencia de las complicaciones crónicas o de la mortalidad. Objetivo: Conocer las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes con invalidez permanente (IP debida a DM y conocer cuáles son las complicaciones más frecuentes que motivaron la IP y su relación con las distintas ocupaciones. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el que se recogieron pacientes valorados en la Unidad Médica de la Dirección Provincial del INSS de Madrid entre los años 2005 a 2011 con el diagnóstico de diabetes. Se excluyeron aquellos expedientes que no fueron calificados como IP, aquellos que presentaban otras patologías no relacionadas con la diabetes subsidiarias de probable incapacidad (como procesos oncológicos, demencia, esclerosis múltiple,.. y los casos de diabetes secundarias. Se estudian las variables edad, sexo, estado civil, profesión, régimen de afiliación a la Seguridad Social, y las recogidas en el apartado diagnóstico del informe médico de síntesis (tipo de diabetes, complicaciones derivadas de la DM y factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Resultado: El total de pacientes estudiados fue de 896. Respecto a la población general ocupada de nuestro entorno observamos un 31% más de varones (p< 0,0005; Razón de prevalencia =1,56 y un 28% más de ocupaciones del grupo VII de la CNO-11 (industria y construcción (p < 0,005; Razón de prevalencia =2,3. El 48% de las profesiones científicas y el 36 % de las administrativas estaban diagnosticados de oftalmopatía. El 39% de trabajadores de industria y construcción estaban diagnosticados de algún grado de coronariopatía. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados permiten objetivar que la oftalmopatía es la complicación que más se asocia a invalidez permanente en profesiones de alta

  17. Effect of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 and ionized Ca2+ on 45Ca uptake by primary cultures of aortic myocytes of spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto normotensive rats

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bukoski, R.D.; Xue, H.; McCarron, D.A.

    1987-01-01

    The effect of several regulators of whole animal Ca 2+ homeostasis on 45 Ca uptake by primary cultures of aortic myocytes isolated from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats was examined. Exposure of confluent cells to 1.0, 1.25 or 1.50 mM ionized Ca 2+ in serum-free medium for seven days resulted in increased 45 Ca uptake at the higher concentrations of Ca 2+ in cells of the SHR but not the WKY. 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 (1 ng/ml) for 7 days caused enhanced influx in cells from both the SHR and WKY while parathyroid hormone (1-34) (1 ng/ml) was without effect. The data indicate that humoral factors that serve to regulate whole animal Ca 2+ homeostasis may also play a role in the regulation of Ca 2+ metabolism of the vascular smooth muscle cell

  18. ¿Es equivalente la suplementación diaria con vitamina D2 o vitamina D3 en adultos mayores? Is daily supplementation with vitamin D2 equivalent to daily supplementation with vitamin D3 in the elderly?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana Seijo

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Tanto la equivalencia entre colecalciferol (D3 y ergocalciferol (D2, como las dosis y forma de administración de ambos, son actualmente un tema controvertido. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la efectividad de 800 UI/día de D2 (gotas y D3 (comprimidos para alcanzar niveles adecuados de 25 hidroxivitamina D (25OHD (= 30 ng/ml. Veintiún mujeres posmenopáusicas que vivían en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, edad promedio ( ± DS 77.1 ± 6.8 años fueron incluidas y asignadas en forma aleatoria a uno de los siguientes grupos: GD2 (n = 13: 800 UI (gotas y GD3 (n = 8: 800 UI (comprimidos. Se midió 25OHD sérica (RIA-DIASORIN basal y a los 7, 28 y 45 días del estudio. Basalmente, 19 de las 21 mujeres presentaron niveles de deficiencia de 25(OHD (The equivalence of cholecalciferol (D3 and ergocalciferol (D2 as well as their corresponding doses and administration route remain controversial to date. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of daily supplementation with 800 IU of D2 (drops and D3 (pills on 25-hydroxivitamin D (25OHD levels (= 30 ng/ml. Twenty-one ambulatory postmenopausal women from Buenos Aires City with a mean ( ± SD age of 77.1 ± 6.8 years were included. The participants were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: GD2 (n = 13: 800 IU (drops and GD3 (n = 8: 800 IU (pills. Serum 25OHD levels were measured (RIA-DIASORIN at baseline, and at 7, 28 and 45 days. Nineteen out of twenty one women showed deficient levels of 25OHD at baseline (< 20 ng/ml: GD2: 14.0 ± 4.8 ng/ml and GD3: 13.2 ± 4.9 ng/ml (NS. Whereas only GD3 exhibited an increase (~25% at 7 days, both groups showed a significant increase at the end of the study. However, neither attained adequate 25OHD levels (GD2: 17.4 ± 5.5 vs. GD3:22.9 ± 4.6 ng/ml; p < 0.001. Administration of 800 IU of vitamin D3 during 45 days was more effective than D2 in increasing 25OHD, but both failed to achieve adequate levels of 25OHD (= 30 ng/ml. but neither

  19. Enhancement of the response to purinergic agonists in P2Y1 transfected 1321N1 cells by antagonists suramin and PPADS.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown, C A; Charlton, S J; Boarder, M R

    1997-03-01

    1. We have previously shown that both suramin and pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4' disulphonic acid (PPADS) act as antagonists at transfected P2Y1 receptors. Here we show that under certain experimental conditions these two P2 antagonists can enhance the response to agonists acting at these receptors. 2. The expression of either P2Y1 or P2Y2 receptors in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells results, on a change of medium, in an elevation of basal (no added agonist) accumulation of [3H]-inositol(poly)phosphates([3H]-InsPx) compared to cells not expressing these receptors. This elevation is much greater in P2Y1 transfectants than in P2Y, transfectants. 3. Both PPADS and suramin reduced this basal level of [3H]-InsPx accumulation in the P2Y1 expressing cells. 4. When a protocol was used which required changing the culture medium, antagonists were added at a concentration which reduced the basal accumulation by about 50%, there was a significant stimulation in response to increasing concentrations of 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-triphosphate (2MeSATP), in the absence of antagonists there was no significant effect of the agonist. 5. However, when 2MeSATP was added in the absence of a change of medium and with no antagonist present, there was a several fold increase in [3H]-InsPx accumulation. These results show that a release of endogenous agonist activity (possibly ATP/ADP) from the P2Y1 expressing cells can create conditions in which a response to an agonist such as 2MeSATP can only be seen in the presence of a competitive antagonist.

  20. Infinitely many N=1 dualities from m+1m=1

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Agarwal, Prarit; Intriligator, Kenneth; Song, Jaewon [Department of Physics, University of California,San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 (United States)

    2015-10-06

    We discuss two infinite classes of 4d supersymmetric theories, T{sub N}{sup (m)} and U{sub N}{sup (m)}, labelled by an arbitrary non-negative integer, m. The T{sub N}{sup (m)} theory arises from the 6d, A{sub N−1} type N=(2,0) theory reduced on a 3-punctured sphere, with normal bundle given by line bundles of degree (m+1,−m); the m=0 case is the N=2 supersymmetric T{sub N} theory. The novelty is the negative-degree line bundle. The U{sub N}{sup (m)} theories likewise arise from the 6d N=(2,0) theory on a 4-punctured sphere, and can be regarded as gluing together two (partially Higgsed) T{sub N}{sup (m)} theories. The T{sub N}{sup (m)} and U{sub N}{sup (m)} theories can be represented, in various duality frames, as quiver gauge theories, built from T{sub N} components via gauging and nilpotent Higgsing. We analyze the RG flow of the U{sub N}{sup (m)} theories, and find that, for all integer m>0, they end up at the same IR SCFT as SU(N) SQCD with 2N flavors and quartic superpotential. The U{sub N}{sup (m)} theories can thus be regarded as an infinite set of UV completions, dual to SQCD with N{sub f}=2N{sub c}. The U{sub N}{sup (m)} duals have different duality frame quiver representations, with 2m+1 gauge nodes.

  1. N Güngör

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Bulletin of Materials Science. N Güngör. Articles written in Bulletin of Materials Science. Volume 27 Issue 3 June 2004 pp 317-322 Surfactants. Effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on flow and electrokinetic properties of Na-activated bentonite dispersions · E Günıster S İşçı A Alemdar N Güngör · More Details ...

  2. Effects of Supervised Structured Aerobic Exercise Training Program on Interleukin-6, Nitric Oxide Synthase-1, and Cyclooxygenase-2 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Karimi, Hossein; Rehman, Syed Shakil Ur; Gillani, Syed Amir

    2017-06-01

    To determine the effects of supervised structured aerobic exercise training (SSAET) program on interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Randomized controlled trial. Riphah Rehabilitation and Research Centre, Railways General Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January 2015 to June 2016. Patients of either gender of minimum one year history of T2DM ranging from 40-70 years of age were included. Those with chronic systemic diseases, history of regular exercise, smoking, and those on dietary plan were excluded. Atotal of 195 patients were screened; 120 were selected and 102 agreed to participate in the study. They were randomly placed into experimental and control groups. SSAETprogram, routine medication, and dietary plan were applied in experimental group; whereas, control group was managed with routine medication and dietary plan for 25 weeks. IL-6, NOS-1, and COX-2 were assessed at baseline and 25 weeks. SSAET program, routine medication and dietary plan showed significantly improved IL-6 (pre-mean=0.25 ±0.11ng/ml, post-mean=0.19 ±0.04 ng/ml), NOS-1 (pre-median=4.65 ng/ml, IQ range=1.04 ng/ml), (post-median=2.72 ng/ml, IQ range=1.60 ng/ml), and COX-2 (pre-mean=18.72 ±4.42 ng/ml, post-mean=15.18 ±2.63 ng/ml) in experimental group, as compared with control group managed by routine medication and dietary plan, where deterioration was noted in IL-6 (pre-mean=0.23 ±0.08 ng/ml, post-mean=0.27 ±0.08 ng/ml) and COX-2 (pre-mean=18.49 ±4.56 ng/ml, postmean=19.10 ±4.76 ng/ml), while NOS-1 slight improvement (pre-mean=4.99 ng/ml, IQ range=2.67 ng/ml), (postmean=4.56 ng/ml, IQ range=3.85 ng/ml). Statistically at the baseline the p-values were not significant (p>0.05) in both experimental and control groups for IL-6, COX-2 and NOS-1; while after 25 weeks of intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvement (p<0.05) in comparison with the control group. SSAET program, routine

  3. Effect of supervised structured aerobic exercise training program of interleukin-6, nitric oxide synthase-1, and cyclooxygenase-2 in type 2 diabetes mellitus

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Karimi, H.; Gillani, S.A.; Rehman, S.S.U.

    2017-01-01

    To determine the effects of supervised structured aerobic exercise training (SSAET) program on interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Riphah Rehabilitation and Research Centre, Railways General Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January 2015 to June 2016. Methodology: Patients of either gender of minimum one year history of T2DM ranging from 40-70 years of age were included. Those with chronic systemic diseases, history of regular exercise, smoking, and those on dietary plan were excluded. A total of 195 patients were screened; 120 were selected and 102 agreed to participate in the study. They were randomly placed into experimental and control groups. SSAET program, routine medication, and dietary plan were applied in experimental group; whereas, control group was managed with routine medication and dietary plan for 25 weeks. IL-6, NOS-1, and COX-2 were assessed at baseline and 25 weeks. Results: SSAET program, routine medication and dietary plan showed significantly improved IL-6 (pre-mean=0.25 +-0.11ng/ml, post-mean=0.19 +-0.04 ng/ml), NOS-1 (pre-median=4.65 ng/ml, IQ range=1.04 ng/ml), (post-median=2.72 ng/ml, IQ range=1.60 ng/ml), and COX-2 (pre-mean=18.72 +-4.42 ng/ml, post-mean=15.18 +-2.63 ng/ml) in experimental group, as compared with control group managed by routine medication and dietary plan, where deterioration was noted in IL-6 (pre-mean=0.23 +-0.08 ng/ml, post-mean=0.27 +-0.08 ng/ml) and COX-2 (pre-mean=18.49 +-4.56 ng/ml, post-mean=19.10 +-4.76 ng/ml), while NOS-1 slight improvement (pre-mean=4.99 ng/ml, IQ range=2.67 ng/ml), (post-mean=4.56 ng/ml, IQ range=3.85 ng/ml). Statistically at the baseline the p-values were not significant (p>0.05) in both experimental and control groups for IL-6, COX-2 and NOS-1; while after 25 weeks of intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvement (p<0

  4. Transformaciones de fase en aleaciones Zn-22%Al-2%Cu y Zn-22%Al-2%Cu-X (X = 1, 2 y 3%Ag envejecidas isotérmicamente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flores-Ramos, Alfredo

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The study of phase transformations that take place in Zn-22%Al-2%Cu and Zn-22%Al-2%Cu-X (X = 1, 2 and 3%Ag alloys was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM. Alloys were homogenized at 350 °C during 10 days and quenched at ~2 °C. Subsequently, samples were aged at 200 °C for different times. The initial microstructure consists in a matrix of fine equiaxial grains of α and η phases for all the alloys. Besides isolated particles of ε and Φ were observed without and with Ag addition, respectively. During the aging, the four phase reaction, α + ε→η + τ’, takes place to obtain the equilibrium η, α and τ’ phases. However, the Ag addition promotes the formation of the Φ phase, which retards or inhibits the four phase reaction. The stability of the Φ phase is obtained with 3%Ag, which could improve the dimensional stability of the alloy for future industrial applications.En el presente estudio sobre las transformaciones de fase en las aleaciones Zn-22%Al-2%Cu y Zn-22%Al-2%Cu-X (X = 1, 2 y 3%Ag se utilizó Difracción de Rayos X (DRX y Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB. Las aleaciones fueron homogeneizadas a 350 °C durante 10 días, templadas a ~2 °C y posteriormente envejecidas a 200 °C durante diferentes tiempos. Todas las aleaciones ensayadas presentaron una microestructura inicial formada por una matriz de granos finos y equiaxiales de las fases α y η. Además, para las aleaciones sin Ag se observa la presencia de partículas de la fase ε (CuZn4 y de Φ ((Ag, Cu Zn4 en las que se adicionó Ag. Durante el envejecido, ocurre la reacción de cuatro fases, α + ε→η + τ’, para obtener las fases de equilibrio η, α y τ’. Sin embargo, la adición de Ag promueve la formación de la fase Φ, la cual retarda e incluso inhibe la reacción de cuatro fases. La estabilidad de la fase Φ se obtiene con 3%Ag, lo que podría mejorar la estabilidad dimensional de la aleación para

  5. Application of common y-intercept regression parameters for log Kp vs 1/ T for predicting gas-particle partitioning in the urban environment

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pankow, James F.

    Gas-particle partitioning is examined using a partitioning constant Kp = ( F/ TSP)/ A, where F (ng m -3) and A (ng m -3) are the particulate-associated and gas-phase concentrations, respectively, and TSP is the total suspended particulate matter level (μg m -3). Compound-dependent values of Kp depend on temperature ( T) according to Kp = mp/ T + bp. Limitations in data quality can cause errors in estimates of mp and bp obtained by simple linear regression (SLR). However, within a group of similar compounds, the bp values will be similar. By pooling data, an improved set of mp and a single bp can be obtained by common y-intercept regression (CYIR). SLR estimates for mp and bp for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sorbing to urban Osaka particulate matter are available (Yamasaki et al., 1982, Envir. Sci. Technol.16, 189-194), as are CYIR estimates for the same particulate matter (Pankow, 1991, Atmospheric Environment25A, 2229-2239). In this work, a comparison was conducted of the ability of these two sets of mp and bp to predict A/ F ratios for PAHs based on measured T and TSP values for data obtained in other urban locations, specifically: (1) in and near the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel by Benner (1988, Ph.D thesis, University of Maryland) and Benner et al. (1989, Envir. Sci. Technol.23, 1269-1278); and (2) in Chicago by Cotham (1990, Ph.D. thesis, University of South Carolina). In general, the CYIR estimates for mp and bp obtained for Osaka particulate matter were found to be at least as reliable, and for some compounds more reliable than their SLR counterparts in predicting gas-particle ratios for PAHs. This result provides further evidence of the utility of the CYIR approach in quantitating the dependence of log Kp values on 1/ T.

  6. Alcohol solvents evaporation-induced self-assembly synthesis of mesoporous TiO2- x- y C x N y nanoparticles toward visible-light driven photocatalytic activity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Shou-Heng; Syu, Han-Ren; Wu, Chung-Yi

    2014-12-01

    A one-step solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly (SEISA) process was demonstrated to prepare carbon and nitrogen co-doping mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles (MesoTiO2- x- y C x N y - S) using an ionic liquid as carbon and nitrogen sources as well as mesoporous template. After the evaporation of different solvents (methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol) and subsequent calcinations at 773 K, the obtained MesoTiO2- x- y C x N y - S samples were systematically characterized by a variety of spectroscopic and analytical techniques, including small- and large-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies. The results indicate that the solvents play an essential role on the chemical microstructure, doping elemental states, and photocatalytic performance of catalysts. The MesoTiO2- x- y C x N y -I samples have the lowest band gap of ca. 2.75 eV and strongest absorbance of visible light in the range of 400-600 nm. Among the MesoTiO2- x- y C x N y - S photocatalysts, the MesoTiO2- x- y C x N y -M catalysts show superior photocatalytic activity of hydrogen generation in methanol aqueous solution under visible light irradiation as compared to MesoTiO2- x- y C x N y -E, MesoTiO2- x- y C x N y -I, and commercial Degussa TiO2. This result could be attributed to the moderate C,N co-doping amounts on their developed mesoporous texture (pore size = 8.0 nm) and high surface area (107 m2 g-1) of TiO2 (crystallite size = 9.9 nm) in the MesoTiO2- x- y C x N y -M catalysts.

  7. PMBOK y PRINCE 2 similitudes y diferencias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kenia Fernández Parra

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Existen diferentes estándares enfocados a la gestión de proyectos. Ejemplo de estos estándares lo constituyen la guía PMBOK y el método PRINCE2. En el presente trabajo se realizó un análisis comparativo de la guía PMBOK respecto al método estructurado PRINCE2, basado en la evaluación de diferentes fuentes bibliográficas. Durante el desarrollo de la investigación fueron analizados diferentes elementos teóricos de cada uno, tales como: el origen, la evolución, la estructura y su aplicación, lo que permite identificar similitudes y diferencias entre estos. El resultado de la investigación arroja que estos estándares no se consideran excluyentes y que pueden coexistir en un mismo proyecto. PRINCE2 determina qué, cómo, cuándo y por quiénes se ejecutarán las actividades, utilizando un lenguaje común de fácil asimilación y PMBOK constituye una guía de referencia internacional que incorpora una amplia gama de conocimientos sobre la gestión de proyectos. PMBOK and PRINCE 2, similarities and differences ABSTRACT There are different standards focused on project management. Examples of these standards are the PMBOK Guide and PRINCE2 method. In this paper it is made a comparative analysis of the PMBOK Guide in relation to PRINCE2 structured method, based on the assessment of different literature sources. During the course of the investigation different theoretical elements of both PMBOK and PRINCE2 were analyzed, such as the origin, evolution, structure and application, allowing the identification of similarities and differences between them. The result of this research reveals that these standards are not considered mutually exclusive and that can coexist on the same project. PRINCE2 determines what, how, when and by whom the activities will be implemented using a common language easily assimilated and PMBOK is an international reference guide that incorporates a wide range of knowledge about project management. PMBOK e PRINCE2

  8. Emission characteristics of Y1Ba2Cu3O7-δ cathode

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Korenev, S.A.

    1988-01-01

    The results are presented of experimental investigation of the electron beam in diode with cathode on the base of Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ . After corresponding cathode training, the cathode made from Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ material may be practicable of stable current electron beam yeild. It is shown experimentally that the voltage of diode of about 100-300 kV there exists an evident possibility of forming the electron beams with the current density of 70 A-380 A/cm 2 . The motion velicity of cathode plasma in the direction of anode for this material of a cathode amounts to (1-3)x 10 6 cm/s

  9. Observations of different core water cluster ions Y-(H2O)n (Y = O2, HOx, NOx, COx) and magic number in atmospheric pressure negative corona discharge mass spectrometry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sekimoto, Kanako; Takayama, Mitsuo

    2011-01-01

    Reliable mass spectrometry data from large water clusters Y(-)(H(2)O)(n) with various negative core ions Y(-) such as O(2)(-), HO(-), HO(2)(-), NO(2)(-), NO(3)(-), NO(3)(-)(HNO(3))(2), CO(3)(-) and HCO(4)(-) have been obtained using atmospheric pressure negative corona discharge mass spectrometry. All the core Y(-) ions observed were ionic species that play a central role in tropospheric ion chemistry. These mass spectra exhibited discontinuities in ion peak intensity at certain size clusters Y(-)(H(2)O)(m) indicating specific thermochemical stability. Thus, Y(-)(H(2)O)(m) may correspond to the magic number or first hydrated shell in the cluster series Y(-)(H(2)O)(n). The high intensity discontinuity at HO(-)(H(2)O)(3) observed was the first mass spectrometric evidence for the specific stability of HO(-)(H(2)O)(3) as the first hydrated shell which Eigen postulated in 1964. The negative ion water clusters Y(-)(H(2)O)(n) observed in the mass spectra are most likely to be formed via core ion formation in the ambient discharge area (760 torr) and the growth of water clusters by adiabatic expansion in the vacuum region of the mass spectrometers (≈1 torr). The detailed mechanism of the formation of the different core water cluster ions Y(-)(H(2)O)(n) is described. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  10. High serum dihydrotestosterone examined by ultrasensitive LC-MS/MS as a predictor of benign prostatic hyperplasia or Gleason score 6 cancer in men with prostate-specific antigen levels of 3-10 ng/mL.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miyoshi, Y; Uemura, H; Suzuki, K; Shibata, Y; Honma, S; Harada, M; Kubota, Y

    2017-03-01

    There has been no consensus on the role of serum androgen concentrations in prostate cancer detection in men with prostate-specific antigen levels of 3-10 ng/mL. In this study, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations in blood were examined by a newly developed method using ultrasensitive liquid chromatography with two serially linked mass spectrometers (LC-MS/MS). We investigated the correlation between serum androgen levels and Gleason scores at biopsy. We analyzed data of 157 men with a total prostate-specific antigen range of 3-10 ng/mL who underwent initial systematic prostate needle biopsy for suspected prostate cancer between April 2000 and July 2003. Peripheral blood testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations were determined by LC-MS/MS. Blood levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were compared with pathological findings by multivariate analyses. Median values of prostate-specific antigen and prostate volume measured by ultrasound were 5.7 ng/mL and 31.4 cm 3 , respectively. Benign prostatic hyperplasia was diagnosed in 97 patients (61.8%), and prostate cancer was diagnosed in 60 (38.2%) patients, including 31 (19.7%) patients with a Gleason score of 6 and 29 (18.5%) patients with a Gleason score of 7-10. Median values of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in blood were 3798.7 and 371.7 pg/mL, respectively. There was a strong correlation between serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. In multivariate analysis, age, prostate volume, and serum dihydrotestosterone were significant predictors of benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 6. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for age, prostate volume, and serum dihydrotestosterone were 0.67, 0.67, and 0.67, respectively . We confirmed that high dihydrotestosterone blood levels can predict benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 6 in men with prostate-specific antigen levels of 3-10 ng/m

  11. M-theory solutions invariant under D(2,1; γ) + D(2,1;γ)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bachas, C. [Laboratoire de Physique Theorique de l' Ecole Normale Superieure Unite mixte (UMR 8549) du CNRS et de l' ENS, Paris (France); D' Hoker, E. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States); Estes, J. [Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London (United Kingdom); Krym, D. [Physics Department, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY (United States)

    2014-03-06

    We simplify and extend the construction of half-BPS solutions to 11-dimensional supergravity, with isometry superalgebra D(2,1;γ) + D(2,1;γ). Their space-time has the form AdS{sub 3} x S{sup 3} x S{sup 3} warped over a Riemann surface Σ. It describes near-horizon geometries of M2 branes ending on, or intersecting with, M5 branes along a common string. The general solution to the BPS equations is specified by a reduced set of data (γ, h, G), where γ is the real parameter of the isometry superalgebra, and h and G are functions on Σ whose differential equations and regularity conditions depend only on the sign of γ. The magnitude of γ enters only through the map of h,G onto the supergravity fields, thereby promoting all solutions into families parametrized by vertical stroke γ vertical stroke. By analyzing the regularity conditions for the supergravity fields, we prove two general theorems: (i) that the only solution with a 2-dimensional CFT dual is AdS{sub 3} x S{sup 3} x S{sup 3} x R {sup 2}, modulo discrete identifications of the flat R {sup 2}, and (ii) that solutions with γ < 0 cannot have more than one asymptotic higher-dimensional AdS region. We classify the allowed singularities of h and G near the boundary of Σ, and identify four local solutions: asymptotic AdS{sub 4}/Z{sub 2} or AdS{sub 7}' regions; highly-curved M5-branes; and a coordinate singularity called the ''cap''. By putting these ''Lego'' pieces together we recover all known global regular solutions with the above symmetry, including the self-dual strings on M5 for γ <0, and the Janus solution for γ > 0, but now promoted to families parametrized by vertical stroke γ vertical stroke. We also construct exactly new regular solutions which are asymptotic to AdS{sub 4}/Z{sub 2} for γ < 0, and conjecture that they are a different superconformal limit of the self-dual string. Finally, we construct exactly γ > 0 solutions with highly curved M5

  12. Duplicación, redundancia y ética en las publicaciones médicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Germán Enrique Pérez Romero

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available A raíz de la reciente publicación del trabajo de Rodríguez J, Prieto S, Ortiz L, Bautista A, Bernal P, Vargas N. Diagnóstico Matemático de la Monitoría Fetal. Aplicando la Ley de Zipf-Mandelbrott; en el número 2 del volumen 54 de nuestra revista (1 y la simultánea aparición en la Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología de: Rodríguez J, Prieto S, Ortiz L, Bautista A, Álvarez L, Correa C, Avilán N. Diagnóstico matemático de la monitoría fetal con la Ley de Zipf-Mandelbrot y la teoría de los sistemas dinámicos aplicados a la fisiología cardiaca (2; el editor desea precisar como es costumbre en las revistas médicas que (3:

  13. Reduced flux motion via flux creep annealing in high- Jc single-crystal Y1Ba2Cu3O7

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thompson, J.R.; Sun, Y.R.; Malozemoff, A.P.; Christen, D.K.; Kerchner, H.R.; Ossandon, J.G.; Marwick, A.D.; Holtzberg, F.

    1991-01-01

    We investigated the stabilization of magnetic flux in a high-temperature superconductor (a proton-irradiated Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 crystal), by operating with subcritical current density J. Using the thermal history to obtain an induced current density J≤J c , we observed a drastically reduced relaxation rate dM/dt (M=magnetization), after ''flux creep annealing.'' The results show that the field gradient ∼J∼M determined the relaxation rate, independent of the sample's H-T history, in agreement with recent theory

  14. The association of markers of oxidative-inflammatory status with malnutrition in hemodialysis patients with serum ferritin lower than 500 ng/mL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone Gonçalves de Almeida

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Enhanced inflammatory-oxidative status is well established in chronic kidney disease. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the oxidative- inflammatory status and iron indices in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD with serum ferritin lower than 500ng/mL, and to correlate them with nutritional status. METHOD: In a cross-sectional survey 35 HD patients (23 with normal nutritional status, 12 with Protein-Energy-Wasting syndrome, PEW, and healthy volunteers (n = 35 were studied. Serum concentration of iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation, malondialdehyde (MDA, protein carbonyl (PC, high-sensitive serum C -reactive protein (hs-CRP and blood counts were determined. The nutritional status was determined by anthropometric and biochemical criteria. RESULTS: HD patients showed low values of hemoglobin and higher values of ferritin, MDA and PC when compared with healthy volunteers. HD subjects with PEW had higher values of PC and hs-PCR as compared to HD patients with normal nutritional status. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the independent variables PC (Wald Statistic 4.25, p = 0.039 and hs-CRP (Wald Statistic 4.83, p = 0.028 where related with the patients' nutritional condition. CONCLUSION: In HD patients with serum ferritin below 500 ng/mL was observed one association of the markers of oxidative stress and inflammation with poor nutritional status independently of serum ferritin, gender and age.

  15. M2-F1 in flight over lakebed on tow line

    Science.gov (United States)

    1963-01-01

    After initial ground-tow flights of the M2-F1 using the Pontiac as a tow vehicle, the way was clear to make air tows behind a C-47. The first air tow took place on 16 August 1963. Pilot Milt Thompson found that the M2-F1 flew well, with good control. This first flight lasted less than two minutes from tow-line release to touchdown. The descent rate was 4,000 feet per minute. The wingless, lifting body aircraft design was initially concieved as a means of landing an aircraft horizontally after atmospheric reentry. The absence of wings would make the extreme heat of re-entry less damaging to the vehicle. In 1962, Dryden management approved a program to build a lightweight, unpowered lifting body as a prototype to flight test the wingless concept. It would look like a 'flying bathtub,' and was designated the M2-F1, the 'M' referring to 'manned' and 'F' referring to 'flight' version. It featured a plywood shell placed over a tubular steel frame crafted at Dryden. Construction was completed in 1963. The first flight tests of the M2-F1 were over Rogers Dry Lake at the end of a tow rope attached to a hopped-up Pontiac convertible driven at speeds up to about 120 mph. This vehicle needed to be able to tow the M2-F1 on the Rogers Dry Lakebed adjacent to NASA's Flight Research Center (FRC) at a minimum speed of 100 miles per hour. To do that, it had to handle the 400-pound pull of the M2-F1. Walter 'Whitey' Whiteside, who was a retired Air Force maintenance officer working in the FRC's Flight Operations Division, was a dirt-bike rider and hot-rodder. Together with Boyden 'Bud' Bearce in the Procurement and Supply Branch of the FRC, Whitey acquired a Pontiac Catalina convertible with the largest engine available. He took the car to Bill Straup's renowned hot-rod shop near Long Beach for modification. With a special gearbox and racing slicks, the Pontiac could tow the 1,000-pound M2-F1 110 miles per hour in 30 seconds. It proved adequate for the roughly 400 car tows that got

  16. Impact of ticagrelor on P2Y1 and P2Y12 localization and on cholesterol levels in platelet plasma membrane.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rabani, Vahideh; Montange, Damien; Meneveau, Nicolas; Davani, Siamak

    2017-10-11

    Ticagrelor is an antiplatelet agent that inhibits platelet activation via P2Y12 antagonism. There are several studies showing that P2Y12 needs lipid rafts to be activated, but there are few data about how ticagrelor impacts lipid raft organization. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how ticagrelor could impact the distribution of cholesterol and consequently alter the organization of lipid rafts on platelet plasma membranes. We identified cholesterol-enriched raft fractions in platelet membranes by quantification of their cholesterol levels. Modifications in cholesterol and protein profiles (Flotillin 1, Flotillin 2, CD36, P2Y1, and P2Y12) were studied in platelets stimulated by ADP, treated by ticagrelor, or both. In ADP-stimulated and ticagrelor-treated groups, we found a decreased level of cholesterol in raft fractions of platelet plasma membrane compared to the control group. In addition, the peak of cholesterol in different experimental groups changed its localization on membrane fractions. In the control group, it was situated on fraction 2, while in ADP-stimulated platelets, it was located in fractions 3 to 5, and in fraction 4 in ticagrelor-treated group. The proteins studied also showed changes in their level of expression and localization in fractions of plasma membrane. Cholesterol levels of plasma membranes have a direct role in the organization of platelet membranes and could be modified by stimulation or drug treatment. Since ticagrelor and ADP both changed lipid composition and protein profile, investigating the lipid and protein composition of platelet membranes is of considerable importance as a focus for further research in anti-platelet management.

  17. Effect of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2 and Insulin Transferrin Selenium (ITS on In Vitro Maturation, Fertilization and Embryo Development in Sheep

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sukanta Mondal

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available The present study evaluated the effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2 and insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS to the in vitro maturation and embryo culture media on ovine oocyte maturation, cleavage and embryo development. Oocytes having more than five layers of unexpanded cumulus cells and granular homogenous ooplasm were cultured into 50 μL droplets of eight different culture systems: (i TCM-199 (Tissue Culture Medium-199; (ii TCM-199+10 ng/mL FGF2; (iii TCM-199+20 ng/mL FGF2; (iv TCM-199+30 ng/mL FGF2; (v TCM-199+10 ng/mL ITS; (vi TCM-199+20 ng/mL ITS; (vii TCM-199+30 ng/mL ITS and (viii TCM-199+20 ng/mL ITS+20 ng/mL FGF2 in a CO2 incubator at 38.50C for 24 h. All the oocyte culture media were supplemented with 10% FBS, FSH (10 μg/mL and gentamicin (50 µg/mL. The maturation rate was assessed based on the degree of expansion of cumulus cells and identifying first polar body extrusion into perivitelline space. The matured oocytes were inseminated with 1 to 2 million spermatozoa/mL in Brackett and Oliphant medium and the cleavage rate was checked after 42-48 h post insemination and further cultured for 6-7 days. Maturation and cleavage rates were significantly higher (P<0.05 in the oocytes cultured in TCM-199 +10% FBS+FSH (10 μg/mL supplemented with both 20 ng/mL ITS and 20 ng/mL FGF2 as compared to the control. It was concluded that the supplementation of ITS and FGF2 in maturation medium was beneficial for improving maturation and cleavage rates of sheep oocytes. The addition of ITS and FGF2 in embryo culture medium did not improve the development of sheep embryos.

  18. detection of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk for Syrian market using ELISA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ghanem, I.; Orfi, M.

    2008-01-01

    Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the hydroxylated metabolite of a biotransformation process of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) which is produced in food and feed by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. paraciticus. AFM1 has been shown to be excreted in milk following exposure to AFB1 contaminated feed. Since milk is consumed in large quantities by human populations, particularly among infants and young children the occurrence of AFM1 in this product is constitutes and health hazard since it is carcinogenic and has been listed as Class 2B carcinogen. The occurrence of AFM1 in milk samples from the Syrian market was investigated by the competitive ELISA technique. A total of 126 samples consisting of fresh cow milk (74), locally processed pasteurized cow milk (10), sheep milk (23), goat milk (11) and powdered milk and infant formula (8) showed that the incidence of contamination, i.e. above the detection limit of the ELISA assay, was 80%. 18% of the tested samples contained higher than the acceptable level of AFM1 adopted in Syria, which is 200 ng/kg; whereas, 17% and 54% of all tested samples contained AFM1 higher than the acceptable level in the US, (500 ng/kg) and in the European Union (50 ng/kg), respectively. The range of contamination with AFM1 was higher in cow milk samples than in sheep milk and goat milk samples. 30% of the analyzed cow fresh milk samples contained levels of AFM1 exceeding that of the European Communities (Codex Alimentarius) recommended limits (50 ng/l); whereas, 13% of the analyzed sheep milk samples (23) exceeded the latter limit, and only 9% of the analyzed goat milk samples exceeded same limit. Pasteurized milk, which is collected from various locations, showed particularly high level of contamination, with 80% and 50% of tested samples showing levels of contamination higher than the European and US acceptable levels, respectively. Powdered milk and infant formula, which are imported and only dispensed locally, were free of contamination. The above result

  19. Data of evolutionary structure change: 2UXML-2UX4M [Confc[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 2UXML-2UX4M 2UXM 2UX4 L M -----ALLSFE--------------RKYRVPGG--TLVG...ment> 0 2UXM L 2UXML...ndex> 2UXM L 2UXML Y...> 2UXM L 2UXML AANPEKGKEMRTPDHL 2UXML TIWFDQWVDWWQWWV

  20. The influence of yttrium (Y) on the corrosion of Mg-Y binary alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Ming; Schmutz, Patrik; Uggowitzer, Peter J.; Song Guangling; Atrens, Andrej

    2010-01-01

    Research highlights: → The Y-intermetallic can accelerate corrosion and Y can increase the protectiveness of the surface layer. → In 0.1 M NaCl, the corrosion rate of Mg-Y alloys increased with increasing Y due to the Y intermetallic. → In 0.1 M NaCl, there was filiform corrosion. → In 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 , the corrosion rate of Mg-Y alloys decreased with increasing Y in the range 3-7%Y. → Hydrogen evolution was observed from particular parts of the alloy surface. - Abstract: Corrosion of Mg-Y alloys was studied using electrochemical evaluations, immersion tests and direct observations. There were two important effects. In 0.1 M NaCl, the corrosion rate increased with increasing Y content due to increasing amounts of the Y-containing intermetallic. In 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 , the corrosion rate decreased with increasing Y content above 3%, attributed to a more protective surface film, despite the intermetallic. The corrosion rate evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was somewhat smaller than that evaluated from H evolution as expected from the Mg corrosion mechanism. A mechanism is proposed for filiform corrosion. Direct in situ corrosion observations revealed that a predominant feature was hydrogen evolution from particular parts of the alloy surface.

  1. Magnetic ground state of quasi-two-dimensional organic conductor, τ-(EDO-S,S-DMEDT-TTF)2(AuCl2)1+y

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nakanishi, T; Yasuzuka, S; Yoshino, H; Fujiwara, H; Sugimoto, T; Nishio, Y; Kajita, K; Anyfantis, G A; Papavassiliou, G C; Murata, K

    2006-01-01

    To understand the interplay between transport and magnetic properties, quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) organic conductor τ-(EDO-S,S-DMEDTTTF) 2 (AuCl 2 ) 1+y was studied by measurements of electric resistivity ( ρ a , ρ c ), magnetoresistance (MR), susceptibility (χ) and specific heat (C) in the temperature region between 1 K and 300 K. In spite of the fact that the drastic changes were observed in ρ a , ρ c , MR and χ at T C = 20 K, no anomaly was seen in C. The concentration of spins estimated from M-H curve is about 360 ppm, which is difficult to detect anomaly in C. These data suggest that the number of spins is very small in the ground state like spin-glass system

  2. Determination of mercury and selenium in herbal medicines and hair by using a nanometer TiO2-coated quartz tube atomizer and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Shun-Xing; Zheng, Feng-Ying; Cai, Shu-Jie; Cai, Tian-Shou

    2011-01-01

    The nanometer TiO 2 particle was coated onto the inner wall of a T-shaped quartz tube atomizer (QTA) and then was used as a new atomizer (NT-QTA) for the determination of Hg and Se by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS). After coating 67.4 mg TiO 2 on a quartz tube, the analytical performance of NT-QTA-HGAAS was compared to conventional QTA-HGAAS and it was improved as follows: (a) the linear range of the calibration curves was expanded from 10.0-80.0 ng mL -1 to 5.0-150.0 ng mL -1 for Hg, and from 10.0-70.0 ng mL -1 to 5.0-100.0 ng mL -1 for Se; (b) the characteristic concentration of was decreased from 2.8 ng mL -1 /1% to 1.1 ng mL -1 /1% for Hg and from 1.2 ng mL -1 /1% to 0.8 ng mL -1 /1% for Se; and (c) the interference from the coexistence of As on the determination of Hg and Se could be eliminated. The achieved technique was applied for the determination of Hg and Se in herbal medicines and hair.

  3. Transmission to interneurons is via slow excitatory synaptic potentials mediated by P2Y(1 receptors during descending inhibition in guinea-pig ileum.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peter D J Thornton

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The nature of synaptic transmission at functionally distinct synapses in intestinal reflex pathways has not been fully identified. In this study, we investigated whether transmission between interneurons in the descending inhibitory pathway is mediated by a purine acting at P2Y receptors to produce slow excitatory synaptic potentials (EPSPs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Myenteric neurons from guinea-pig ileum in vitro were impaled with intracellular microelectrodes. Responses to distension 15 mm oral to the recording site, in a separately perfused stimulation chamber and to electrical stimulation of local nerve trunks were recorded. A subset of neurons, previously identified as nitric oxide synthase immunoreactive descending interneurons, responded to both stimuli with slow EPSPs that were reversibly abolished by a high concentration of PPADS (30 μM, P2 receptor antagonist. When added to the central chamber of a three chambered organ bath, PPADS concentration-dependently depressed transmission through that chamber of descending inhibitory reflexes, measured as inhibitory junction potentials in the circular muscle of the anal chamber. Reflexes evoked by distension in the central chamber were unaffected. A similar depression of transmission was seen when the specific P2Y(1 receptor antagonist MRS 2179 (10 μM was in the central chamber. Blocking either nicotinic receptors (hexamethonium 200 μM or 5-HT(3 receptors (granisetron 1 μM together with P2 receptors had no greater effect than blocking P2 receptors alone. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Slow EPSPs mediated by P2Y(1 receptors, play a primary role in transmission between descending interneurons of the inhibitory reflexes in the guinea-pig ileum. This is the first demonstration for a primary role of excitatory metabotropic receptors in physiological transmission at a functionally identified synapse.

  4. Study of electrical transport properties of (U 1- xY x)RuP 2Si 2

    Science.gov (United States)

    Radha, S.; Park, J.-G.; Roy, S. B.; Coles, B. R.; Nigam, A. K.; McEwen, K. A.

    1996-02-01

    Electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance ( {δϱ}/{ϱ}) measurements on a series of (U 1- xY x)Ru 2Si 2 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.9) compounds in the temperature range 4.2-300 K and in magnetic fields up to 45 kOe are reported. The resistivity measurements do not show any signature of antiferromagnetism for x > 0.5. The compound URu 2Si 2 exhibits a large, positive ( {δϱ}/{ϱ}) presumably due to destruction of Kondo coherence as well as due to antiferromagnetism. The presence of even 5% Y at U-site weakens the Kondo coherence and reduces the magnetoresistance considerably.

  5. Millimeter wave surface resistance of grain-aligned Y1Ba2Cu3Ox bulk material

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wosik, J.; Kranenburg, R.A.; Wolfe, J.C.; Selvamanickam, V.; Salama, K.

    1991-01-01

    We report measurements of the millimeter wave surface resistance of grain-aligned YBa 2 Cu 3 O x bulk material grown by a liquid phase process. The measurements were performed by replacing the endplate of a TE 011 cylindrical copper cavity with the superconducting sample. Surface resistance was measured for samples with surfaces oriented perpendicular and parallel to the c-axis of the grains. We show that, for the parallel configuration, the surface resistance at 77 K and 80 GHz is typically near 100 mΩ. For a very well-aligned sample with a very low density of Y 2 BaCuO y precipitates, measured in the perpendicular configuration, the transition width (10%--90%) is about 2 K and the surface resistance is less than 50 mΩ at 88 K. The effect of microstructure on surface resistance is discussed

  6. Evaluación de los métodos directo, precipitado y Friedewald para la cuantificación de colesterol LDL y HDL en pollos de engorde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Henry Osorio

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo fue evaluar los métodos directo y precipitado para el colesterol de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad y los métodos directo, precipitado y Friedewald para el colesterol de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad en pollos de engorde. Se obtuvo suero de 30 pollos de engorde de 36 días de edad, en ayunas, de la línea Cobb 500, se determinaron los niveles de triglicéridos y colesterol total usando un kit enzimático-colorimétrico. El colesterol, tanto de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad como de las de baja densidad, se midió por el método de precipitación y el método directo, y la estimación del colesterol de la lipoproteína de baja densidad se determinó usando la fórmula de Friedewald. Las medias ± desviación estándar para los niveles de colesterol de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad, por los métodos directo y precipitado, en mg/dl, fueron de: 92,8 ± 16,7; 92,2 ± 16,3, respectivamente. El valor P del test F es mayor a 0,05, por lo cual no hay diferencia estadísticamente significativa, con un índice de confianza de 95 % entre métodos, y para los niveles de colesterol de la lipoproteínas de baja densidad por los métodos directo, precipitado y Friedewald, en mg/dl, fueron: 51,8 ± 9,4; 21,9 ± 12,6 y 26,1 ± 12,9, respectivamente. El valor P del test F es inferior a 0,05 evidenciando diferencia estadísticamente significativa, con un índice de confianza de 95 % entre métodos. Se concluye que en los pollos de engorde se puede cuantificar el colesterol de la lipoproteína de alta densidad con los dos métodos evaluados (directo y precipitado, sin embargo, para calcular el colesterol de la lipoproteína de baja densidad solo se recomienda utilizar el método directo ya que los métodos de precipitado y de Friedewald dieron resultados mucho menores en dicha especie.

  7. Los estudiantes de medicina y su relación con las industrias farmacéutica y de dispositivos médicos. Una revisión en la literatura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana María Anaya-Almanza

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: la relación de los médicos con la industria farmacéutica y de dispositivos médicos se ha convertido en un tema de investigación importante en salud pública (1. Las actitudes de los médicos hacia esas industrias se forman desde temprano en la formación profesional (2. Objetivo: revisar la literatura científica en los últimos 10 (2006- 2016 años desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes de medicina y su relación con las industrias farmacéuticas y de dispositivos médicos. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda no sistemática en las bases de datos Cochrane, EMBASE, LILACS y MEDLINE. Se limitó la búsqueda por años de publicación (2006- 2016. Resultados: se encontraron seis artículos que respondían al objetivo de investigación y no se encontraron artículos que estudiaran esa relación en la población de Colombia y de América Latina. Conclusiones: en Colombia y América Latina no tenemos evidencia científica sobre la forma en que se lleva a cabo la relación entre la industria tanto farmacéutica como de dispositivos médicos con los estudiantes de medicina. Esto plantea nuevos escenarios de investigación para establecer guías y pautas para ese relacionamiento.

  8. (R-(+-α-Lipoic acid protected NG108-15 cells against H2O2-induced cell death through PI3K-Akt/GSK-3β pathway and suppression of NF-κβ-cytokines

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kamarudin MNA

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin, Nur Afiqah Mohd Raflee, Sharifah Salwa Syed Hussein, Jia Ye Lo, Hadi Supriady, Habsah Abdul KadirInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaAbstract: Alpha-lipoic acid, a potent antioxidant with multifarious pharmacological benefits has been reported to be neuroprotective in several neuronal models and used to treat neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Nonetheless, conclusive mechanisms of alpha-lipoic acid for its protective effects particularly in NG108-15 cells have never been investigated. In this study, the intricate neuroprotective molecular mechanisms by (R-(+-alpha-lipoic acid (R-LA against H2O2-induced cell death in an in vitro model of neurodegeneration were elucidated. Pretreatment with R-LA (2 hours significantly increased NG108-15 cell viability as compared to H2O2-treated cells and mitigated the induction of apoptosis as evidenced by Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide staining. R-LA (12.5–50 µM aggrandized the reduced glutathione over glutathione disulfide ratio followed by a reduction in the intracellular reactive oxygen species level and an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential following H2O2 exposure. Moreover, pretreatment with R-LA stimulated the activation of PI3K-Akt through mTORC1 and mTORC2 components (mTOR, rictor and raptor and production of antiinflammatory cytokine, IL-10 which led to the inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β and reduction of both Bax/Bcl2 and Bax/Bcl-xL ratios, accompanied by inhibition of the cleaved caspase-3. Additionally, this observation was preceded by the suppression of NF-κβ p65 translocation and production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α. The current findings accentuate new mechanistic insight of R-LA against apoptogenic and brain inflammatory factors in a neuronal model. These results further advocate the therapeutic potential of R-LA for

  9. Determination of eight nitrosamines in water at the ng L{sup -1} levels by liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ripolles, Cristina; Pitarch, Elena; Sancho, Juan V; Lopez, Francisco J [Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellon (Spain); Hernandez, Felix [Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellon (Spain)

    2011-09-19

    Highlights: {center_dot} Eight N-nitrosamines in water by LC(APCI)MS/MS QqQ analysis. {center_dot} Validation at two levels: 10 ng L{sup -1} (LOQ) and 100 ng L{sup -1} in drinking water. {center_dot} Developed method applied to different types of water samples. {center_dot} NDMA was the analyte more frequently detected and at the highest concentration levels. - Abstract: In this work, we have developed a sensitive method for detection and quantification of eight N-nitrosamines, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMor), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosopirrolidine (NPyr), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPip), N-nitroso-n-dipropylamine (NDPA) and N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA) in drinking water. The method is based on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in positive mode with a triple quadrupole analyzer (QqQ). The simultaneous acquisition of two MS/MS transitions in selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM) for each compound, together with the evaluation of their relative intensity, allowed the simultaneous quantification and reliable identification in water at ppt levels. Empirical formula of the product ions selected was confirmed by UHPLC-(Q)TOF MS accurate mass measurements from reference standards. Prior to LC-MS/MS QqQ analysis, a preconcentration step by off-line SPE using coconut charcoal EPA 521 cartridges (by passing 500 mL of water sample) was necessary to improve the sensitivity and to meet regulation requirements. For accurate quantification, two isotope labelled nitrosamines (NDMA-d{sub 6} and NDPA-d{sub 14}) were added as surrogate internal standards to the samples. The optimized method was validated at two concentration levels (10 and 100 ng L{sup -1}) in drinking water samples, obtaining satisfactory recoveries (between 90 and 120%) and precision (RSD < 20%). Limits of detection were found to be in the range of 1-8 ng L{sup -1

  10. Measuring urinary N-acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteine (IPMA3) as a potential biomarker of isoprene exposure.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alwis, K Udeni; Bailey, T Liz; Patel, Dhrusti; Wang, Liqun; Blount, Benjamin C

    2016-10-19

    Isoprene, the 2-methyl analog of 1,3-butadiene, is identified as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Isoprene is ubiquitous in the environment with numerous natural and anthropogenic sources. Tobacco smoke is the main exogenous source of isoprene exposure in indoor environments. Among smoke constituents, isoprene is thought to contribute significantly to cancer risk; however, no selective urinary biomarkers of isoprene exposure have been identified for humans. In this manuscript, we measured the minor isoprene metabolite IPMA1 (mixture of N-acetyl-S-(1-[hydroxymethyl]-2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl)-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteine), and we identified IPMA3 (N-acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteine) as a major isoprene metabolite and novel isoprene exposure biomarker for humans. Urinary isoprene metabolites were measured using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization triple quad tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MSMS). The detection rates of IPMA1 and IPMA3 are <20% and 82%, respectively. The selectivity and abundance of IPMA3 make it a useful urinary biomarker of isoprene exposure. The limit of detection of IPMA3 in urine was 0.5 ng mL -1 . IPMA3 was stable under different storage temperatures and following ten freeze-thaw cycles. The average recovery of urine spiked with IPMA3 at three different levels was 99%. IPMA3 was measured in urine samples received from 75 anonymous subjects; the median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) IPMA3 level in smokers was 36.2 (18.2, 56.8) ng mL -1 and non-smokers 2.31 (2.31, 4.38) ng mL -1 . Application of this method to large population studies will help to characterize isoprene exposure and assess potential health impact. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  11. Raman-scattering results from Y1-xCaxSr2Cu2GaO7

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Salamon, D.; Liu, R.; Klein, M.V.; Groenke, D.A.; Poeppelmeier, K.R.; Dabrowski, B.; Han, P.D.; Payne, D.A.

    1993-01-01

    We present a Raman-scattering study of Y 1-x Ca x Sr 2 Cu 2 GaO 7 for both the x=0 parent compound and doped compositions with x=0.25 and x=0.40. Extrapolation from YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-d and other cuprates allows us to assign many of the Raman-active phonon modes in the x=0 material, as well as identify a two-magnon scattering peak, a second-order phonon scattering peak, and a Raman continuum out to 4000 cm -1 . Despite compositional inhomogeneities, the doped superconducting samples show some of the same low-energy phonon features as the x=0 material. There is, however, a doping-dependent shift in the positions of features in the 500--700 cm -1 range, possibly due to Ca locating on Sr sites instead of Y sites. The relative intensities of the phonon peaks in the doped material are also changed from the insulator (x=0), suggesting that a resonant Raman phenomenon is occurring. The temperature-dependent spectra show what appears to be a superconducting dip in the background intensity, but the low superconducting fractions in these samples make this difficult to verify. The doped material also has a Raman continuum out to 4000 cm -1 just as in the x=0 samples, but with the two-magnon and second-order phonon scattering peaks significantly reduced in intensity. This may be a result of changes in the long-range ordering, or another manifestation of the same resonance phenomena occurring at lower energies. Single-crystal samples of the doped material Y 1-x Ca x Sr 2 Cu 2 GaO 7 are necessary for a more conclusive Raman study

  12. Synergistic immunosuppressive effects of the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus and the phytochemical curcumin.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deters, M; Hütten, H; Kaever, V

    2013-01-15

    The immunosuppressant sirolimus and curcumin, the main principle of the turmeric spice, have shown antiproliferative effects on many human and not-human cell lines. Whereas the antiproliferative effect of sirolimus is mainly mediated by inhibition of mTOR, curcumin is described to affect many molecular targets which makes it unpredictable to appraise if the effects of these both substances on cell proliferation and especially on immunosuppression are additive or synergistic. To answer this question we investigated the interaction of both these substances on OKT3-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation. OKT3-induced human PBMC proliferation was determined by measuring (3)H-thymidine incorporation. Influence of curcumin on interleukin-2 (IL-2) release and IκB-phosphorylation in PBMC was determined by ELISA and western blot, respectively. Curcumin-induced apoptosis and necrosis was analyzed by FACS analysis. Whereas curcumin completely inhibited OKT3-induced PBMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC(50) of 2.8 μM, sirolimus could reduce PBMC proliferation dose-dependently only to a minimum of 28% at a concentration of 5 ng/ml (IC(50) 1.1 ng/ml). When curcumin was combined at concentrations of 1.25-2.5 μM with sirolimus at concentrations from 0.63 to 1.25 ng/ml the effects were synergistic. Combination of curcumin (1.25-2.5 μM) with sirolimus (5 ng/ml) showed additive effects. The effects after combination of curcumin at 5 μM with each sirolimus concentration and sirolimus at 10 ng/ml with each curcumin concentration were presumably antagonistic. We conclude that the immunosuppressive effects of curcumin and sirolimus in low concentrations are synergistic in OKT3-activated PBMC. Whether curcumin and sirolimus have also synergistic antiproliferative effects in tumor cells has to be shown in further experiments including animal models. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

  13. M2-F1 in flight during low-speed car tow

    Science.gov (United States)

    1963-01-01

    The M2-F1 shown in flight during a low-speed car tow runs across the lakebed. Such tests allowed about two minutes to test the vehicle's handling in flight. NASA Flight Research Center (later redesignated the Dryden Flight Research Center) personnel conducted as many as 8 to 14 ground-tow flights in a single day either to test the vehicle in preparation for air tows or to train pilots to fly the vehicle before they undertook air tows. The wingless, lifting body aircraft design was initially concieved as a means of landing an aircraft horizontally after atmospheric reentry. The absence of wings would make the extreme heat of re-entry less damaging to the vehicle. In 1962, Dryden management approved a program to build a lightweight, unpowered lifting body as a prototype to flight test the wingless concept. It would look like a 'flying bathtub,' and was designated the M2-F1, the 'M' referring to 'manned' and 'F' referring to 'flight' version. It featured a plywood shell placed over a tubular steel frame crafted at Dryden. Construction was completed in 1963. The first flight tests of the M2-F1 were over Rogers Dry Lake at the end of a tow rope attached to a hopped-up Pontiac convertible driven at speeds up to about 120 mph. This vehicle needed to be able to tow the M2-F1 on the Rogers Dry Lakebed adjacent to NASA's Flight Research Center (FRC) at a minimum speed of 100 miles per hour. To do that, it had to handle the 400-pound pull of the M2-F1. Walter 'Whitey' Whiteside, who was a retired Air Force maintenance officer working in the FRC's Flight Operations Division, was a dirt-bike rider and hot-rodder. Together with Boyden 'Bud' Bearce in the Procurement and Supply Branch of the FRC, Whitey acquired a Pontiac Catalina convertible with the largest engine available. He took the car to Bill Straup's renowned hot-rod shop near Long Beach for modification. With a special gearbox and racing slicks, the Pontiac could tow the 1,000-pound M2-F1 110 miles per hour in 30

  14. De bibliotecas médicas y bibliotecarios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Esther Mayor Guerra

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Se brinda una panorámica sobre el origen del Día del Bibliotecario Cubano, el surgimiento de las bibliotecas en Cuba, y la evolución histórica y situación actual de la primera biblioteca médica de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, con énfasis en la labor de sus bibliotecarias desde su apertura hasta la fecha. Asimismo se abordan aspectos relacionados con los servicios ofrecidos en las bibliotecas de ciencias de la salud y las competencias que deben poseer sus bibliotecarios y documentalistas en el siglo XXI. Finalmente, se expresa el reconocimiento a aquellos compañeros que con tanto amor y dedicación iniciaron esta actividad, y facilitaron a los profesionales de ciencias de la salud del territorio el acceso a la información.

  15. PPADS and suramin as antagonists at cloned P2Y- and P2U-purinoceptors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Charlton, S J; Brown, C A; Weisman, G A; Turner, J T; Erb, L; Boarder, M R

    1996-06-01

    1. The effect of suramin and pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid (PPADS) on the stimulation of phospholipase C in 1321N1 cells transfected with the human P2U-purinoceptor (h-P2U-1321N1 cells) or with the turkey P2Y-purinoceptor (t-P2Y-1321N1 cells) was investigated. 2-Methylthioadenosine triphosphate (2MeSATP) was used as the agonist at t-P2Y-1321N1 cells and uridine triphosphate (UTP) at h-P2U-1321N1 cells. 2. Suramin caused a parallel shift to the right of the concentration-response curves for 2MeSATP in the t-P2Y-1321N1 cells, yielding a Schild plot with a slope of 1.16 +/- 0.08 and a pA2 value of 5.77 +/- 0.11. 3. Suramin also caused a shift to the right of concentration-response curves for UTP in the h-P2U-1321N1 cells, and on Schild plots gave a slope different from unity (1.57 +/- 0.19) and an apparent pA2 value of 4.32 +/- 0.13. Suramin was therefore a less potent antagonist at the P2U-purinoceptor than the P2Y-purinoceptor. 4. In the presence of the ectonucleotidase inhibitor, ARL 67156 (6-N,N-diethyl-beta,gamma-dibromomethylene-D-ATP) there was no significant difference in the EC50 or shapes of curves with either cell type, and no difference in pA2 values for suramin. 5. PPADS caused an increase in the EC50 for 2MeSATP in the t-P2Y-1321N1 cells. The Schild plot had a slope different from unity (0.55 +/- 0.15) and an X-intercept corresponding to an apparent pA2 of 5.98 +/- 0.65. 6. PPADS up to 30 microM had no effect on the concentration-response curve for UTP with the h-P2U-1321N1 cells. 7. In conclusion, suramin and PPADS show clear differences in their action at the 2 receptor types, in each case being substantially more effective as an antagonist at the P2Y-purinoceptor than at the P2U-purinoceptor. Ectonucleotidase breakdown had little influence on the nature of the responses at the two receptor types, or in their differential sensitivity to suramin.

  16. A new and efficient culture method for porcine bone marrow-derived M1- and M2-polarized macrophages.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gao, Jiye; Scheenstra, Maaike R; van Dijk, Albert; Veldhuizen, Edwin J A; Haagsman, Henk P

    2018-06-01

    Macrophages play an important role in the innate immune system as part of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). They have a pro-inflammatory signature (M1-polarized macrophages) or anti-inflammatory signature (M2-polarized macrophages) based on expression of surface receptors and secretion of cytokines. However, very little is known about the culture of macrophages from pigs and more specific about the M1 and M2 polarization in vitro. Porcine monocytes or mononuclear bone marrow cells were used to culture M1- and M2-polarized macrophages in the presence of GM-CSF and M-CSF, respectively. Surface receptor expression was measured with flow cytometry and ELISA was used to quantify cytokine secretion in response to LPS and PAM 3 CSK 4 stimulation. Human monocyte-derived macrophages were used as control. Porcine M1- and M2-polarized macrophages were cultured best using porcine GM-CSF and murine M-CSF, respectively. Cultures from bone marrow cells resulted in a higher yield M1- and M2-polarized macrophages which were better comparable to human monocyte-derived macrophages than cultures from porcine monocytes. Porcine M1-polarized macrophages displayed the characteristic fried egg shape morphology, lower CD163 expression and low IL-10 production. Porcine M2-polarized macrophages contained the spindle-like morphology, higher CD163 expression and high IL-10 production. Porcine M1- and M2-polarized macrophages can be most efficiently cultured from mononuclear bone marrow cells using porcine GM-CSF and murine M-CSF. The new culture method facilitates more refined studies of porcine macrophages in vitro, important for both porcine and human health since pigs are increasingly used as model for translational research. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  17. Phase conversion from hexagonal CuS(y)Se(1-y) to cubic Cu(2-x)S(y)Se(1-y): composition variation, morphology evolution, optical tuning, and solar cell applications.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Jun; Yang, Xia; Yang, Qingdan; Zhang, Wenjun; Lee, Chun-Sing

    2014-09-24

    In this work, we report a simple and low-temperature approach for the controllable synthesis of ternary Cu-S-Se alloys featuring tunable crystal structures, compositions, morphologies, and optical properties. Hexagonal CuS(y)Se(1-y) nanoplates and face centered cubic (fcc) Cu(2-x)S(y)Se(1-y) single-crystal-like stacked nanoplate assemblies are synthesized, and their phase conversion mechanism is well investigated. It is found that both copper content and chalcogen composition (S/Se atomic ratio) of the Cu-S-Se alloys are tunable during the phase conversion process. Formation of the unique single-crystal-like stacked nanoplate assemblies is resulted from oriented stacking coupled with the Ostwald ripening effect. Remarkably, optical tuning for continuous red shifts of both the band-gap absorption and the near-infrared localized surface plasmon resonance are achieved. Furthermore, the novel Cu-S-Se alloys are utilized for the first time as highly efficient counter electrodes (CEs) in quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs), showing outstanding electrocatalytic activity for polysulfide electrolyte regeneration and yielding a 135% enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) as compared to the noble metal Pt counter electrode.

  18. Calidad físico química y sensorial de granos y licor de cacao (Theobroma Cacaol. Usando cinco métodos de fermentación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MSc. José Nicasio Quevedo Guerrero

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available La investigación se realizó en la Granja Experimental Santa Inés de la Universidad Técnica de Machala, durante el segundo semestre del 2016. El objetivo de la investigación fue comparar la eficiencia los fermentadores más usados por los pequeños productores cacaoteros de El Oro, en el beneficio de los granos de cacao, con un nuevo método denominado rotor de madera, propuesto por los autores del presente trabajo, mediante el análisis de variables físico-químicas y la evaluación sensorial del licor de cacao. El ensayo constó de los tratamientos: saco de yute (T1, rotor de madera (T2, rumo o montón (T3, caja de madera (T4 y balde plástico (T5, los cuales se evaluaron bajo un diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. El secado se efectuó de forma natural en marquesinas bajo cubierta de plástico calibre 6. El análisis de variables químicas, físicas y sensoriales reveló diferencias significativas (p < 0.05 entre tratamientos. El T2 registró 96% de calidad física del grano y el mejor perfil sensorial con calificaciones altas en sabores cacao, floral, frutal, nuez y caramelo y calificaciones bajas en sabor astringente y amargo. La fermentación se desarrolló dentro de la plantación de cacao, esto permitió la presencia de Drosophila melanogaster M., vector de Saccharomyces cerevisiae y otras levaduras que pudieron haber inferido en la calidad de los granos. Palabras clave: Astringente, pizarrosas, Drosophila melanogaster M., levaduras.

  19. The 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase gene from ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase gene from Taxus media: Cloning, characterization and functional identification. Y Sun, M Chen, J Tang, W Liu, C Yang, Y Yang, X Lan, M Hsieh, Z Liao ...

  20. Tercera edad y educación médica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Facultad de Medicina Revista

    1997-10-01

    Full Text Available Quiero plantear y poner a la con sideración y discusión de las autoridades académicas, personal docente, egresados y alumnos de nuestra Facultad. Un tema que considero de gran importancia y actualidad en la formación del médico general y al cual desafortunadamente no se le ha dado la importancia y el espacio que merece dentro de los programas de estudio en las diversas facultades y escuelas de medicina en Colombia.

  1. Crystal structures of the 2:2 complex of 1,1′-(1,2-phenylenebis(3-m-tolylurea and tetrabutylammonium chloride or bromide

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chao Huang

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available The title compounds, tetrabutylammonium chloride–1,1′-(1,2-phenylenebis(3-m-tolylurea (1/1, C16H36N+·Cl−·C22H22N4O2 or [(n-Bu4N+·Cl−(C22H22N4O2] (I and tetrabutylammonium bromide–1,1′-(1,2-phenylenebis(3-m-tolylurea (1/1, C16H36N+·Br−·C22H22N4O2 or [(n-Bu4N+·Br−(C22H22N4O2] (II, both comprise a tetrabutylammonium cation, a halide anion and an ortho-phenylene bis-urea molecule. Each halide ion shows four N—H...X (X = Cl or Br interactions with two urea receptor sites of different bis-urea moieties. A crystallographic inversion centre leads to the formation of a 2:2 arrangement of two halide anions and two bis-urea molecules. In the crystals, the dihedral angle between the two urea groups of the bis-urea molecule in (I [defined by the four N atoms, 165.4 (2°] is slightly smaller than that in (II [167.4 (2°], which is probably due to the smaller ionic radius of chloride compared to bromide.

  2. Increased expression of cyclin B1 mRNA coincides with diminished G{sub 2}-phase arrest in irradiated HeLa cells treated with staurosporine or caffeine

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bernhard, E.J.; Maity, A.; McKenna, W.G.; Muschel, R.J. [Univ. of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (United States)

    1994-12-01

    The irradiation of cells results in delayed progression through the G{sub 2} phase of the cell cycle. Treatment of irradiated HeLa cells with caffeine greatly reduces the G{sub 2}-phase delay, while caffeine does not alter progression of cells through the cell cycle in unirradiated cells. In this report we demonstrate that treatment of HeLa cells with the kinase inhibitor staurosporine, but not with the inhibitor H7, also results in a reduction of the G{sub 2}-phase arrest after irradiation. Cell cycle progression in unirradiated cells is unaffected by 4.4 nM (2ng/ml) staurosporine, which releases the radiation-induced G{sub 2}-phase arrest. In HeLa cells, the G{sub 2}-phase delay after irradiation in S phase is accompanied by decreased expression of cyclin B1 mRNA. Coincident with the reduction in G{sub 2}-phase delay, we observed an increase in cyclin B1 mRNA accumulation in irradiated, staurosporine-treated cells compared to cells treated with irradiation alone. Caffeine treatment of irradiated HeLa cells also resulted in an elevation in the levels of cyclin B1 message. These results support the hypothesis that diminished cyclin B1 mRNA levels influence G{sub 2}-phase arrest to some degree. The findings that both staurosporine and caffeine treatments reverse the depression in cyclin B1 expression suggest that these two compounds may act on a common pathway of cell cycle control in response to radiation injury. 33 refs., 6 figs.

  3. FTIR spectroscopic study on the Hofmann -Td- type clathrates: Ni(benzoic acid)2M(CN)4.aniline (M=Zn, Cd, Hg)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kesan, G.; Kartal, Z.

    2010-01-01

    The Hofmann-Td-type clathrates formulated as Ni(L) 2 M(CN) 4 .nG where L is a bidentate or a pair of unidentate ligand molecule, M is Zn, Cd or Hg, G is a guest molecule and n is the number of guest molecule. The host lattice of the Hofmann-Td-type clathrates is formed from endless chains of -Ni-L-L-Ni-L-L-Ni- and M(CN) 4 ions arranged between the consecutive crossing -Ni-L-L-Ni-L-L-Ni- chains with the O-ends bound to the Ni metal atoms. These polymeric layers are held in parallel by Van der Walls interaction between ligand molecules. This structure provides α-type cavity. In this study, Ni(Benzoic Acid ) 2M(CN) 4 .Aniline (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) is obtained for the first time by means of chemical methods in powder form and their infrared spectra are reported in range of (4000-400) cm - 1. The spectral data suggest that the new clathrates are similar in structure to the Hofmann-type clathrates.

  4. Reaction of (CP(2)asterisk-lnH)(2) (ln=Y, La) and CP(2)asterisk-Y(2-C(6)H(4)CH(2)NMe(2)) with esters and amides and molecular-structure of [CP(2)asterisk-Y(mu- ocme=chc(oet)o)](2)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Deelman, B.J; Wierda, F.; Meetsma, A.; Teuben, J.H

    1995-01-01

    The activation of esters and amides by (Cp(2)*LnH)(2) [Ln = Y (1a), Ln = La (1b), Cp*=C(5)Me] and Cp(2)*Y(2-C(6)H(4)CH(2)NMe(2)) (2) is described. Compounds 1a and 1b react with ethyl acetate to form Cp(2)*YOEt (3a) and Cp(2)*LaOEt (30). With 1a and ethyl benzoate a 1:1 mixture of 3a and

  5. Influence of chemical composition on the X-ray photoemission, thermopower, specific heat, and magnetic properties of CeNi{sub 2}(Si{sub 1-y}Ge{sub y}){sub 2}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tolinski, T.; Synoradzki, K. [Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Molecular Physics, Poznan (Poland); Bajorek, A.; Chelkowska, G. [Silesian University, Institute of Physics, Katowice (Poland); Koterlyn, M. [K. Wielkiego University, Institute of Physics, Bydgoszcz (Poland); Ivan Franko National University of L' viv, Faculty of Electronics, L' viv (Ukraine); Koterlyn, G. [National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Western Scientific Center, L' viv (Ukraine); Yasnitskii, R. [Ivan Franko National University of L' viv, Faculty of Electronics, L' viv (Ukraine)

    2017-06-15

    We report our studies of the intermediate compositions between CeNi{sub 2}Si{sub 2} and CeNi{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}, i.e., the alloys CeNi{sub 2}(Si{sub 1-y}Ge{sub y}){sub 2} by means of the thermopower, electrical resistivity, specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, and X-ray photoemission measurements. CeNi{sub 2}Si{sub 2} is a fluctuating valence system and CeNi{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} is known to show the heavy fermion behaviour. The change of the temperature dependence of the resistivity towards the typical metallic behaviour occurs below y ∝ 0.25. The transition between CeNi{sub 2}Si{sub 2} and CeNi{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} is discussed in the frames of competition between the crystal electric field and Kondo interactions. It is found that valence stabilisation occurs for Ge content y > 0.25. The hybridization energy Δ determined from the XPS Ce 3d spectrum reflects well the behaviour of the parameter E{sub ex} obtained from the analysis of the magnetic susceptibility by the interconfiguration fluctuation model. It has been also shown that thermopower data can be successfully described employing the single ion model for 0.6 < y < 1.0 and two-band model including the crystal electric field splitting for y ≤ 0.25. (orig.)

  6. Embarazo no deseado en adolescentes, y utilización de métodos anticonceptivos posparto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Núñez-Urquiza Rosa María

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Describir la proporción de embarazo no deseado en adolescentes, su asociación con características sociodemográficas y la utilización de anticonceptivos posparto. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio transversal con una muestra de 220 mujeres adolescentes entre 13 y 19 años de edad, de dos municipios semiurbanos del estado de Morelos, México, entrevistadas entre 1992 y 1994. Las mujeres fueron entrevistadas en su casa entre seis y 12 semanas después del parto. Se les preguntó si antes de embarazarse desearon el último embarazo. Además, se indagó sobre conocimientos y uso de métodos anticonceptivos posparto. RESULTADOS: Un 17% de todos los nacimientos registrados en la población total en ese periodo fueron producto de madres adolescentes. De éstas, 22.73% declararon que su embarazo no fue deseado. Se encontró una asociación positiva entre no tener derecho de acceso a los servicios de salud de las instituciones del sistema de seguridad social -Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE- y embarazo no deseado (RM ajustada=3.03, IC 95% 1.31, 7. Asimismo, las adolescentes de comunidades urbanas manifestaron no deseo del embarazo con mayor frecuencia que las mujeres de comunidades rurales (RM ajustada=2.16, IC 95% 1.08, 4.33. Un 91.3% de las madres adolescentes enunció la píldora anticonceptiva entre los métodos que conocía. Un 84.72% conocía el DIU y 63.68% el condón. Sin embargo, sólo 35% estaba utilizando algún método anticonceptivo efectivo después de las seis semanas posparto. No se encontró diferencia en la frecuencia de uso de anticonceptivos según deseo del último embarazo. Entre quienes se atendieron el parto en centros de salud u hospital sólo 43.39% estaba utilizando algún método efectivo de planificación familiar. CONCLUSIONES: Estos hallazgos sugieren que los programas de planificación familiar tienen un

  7. Enhanced Y1-receptor-mediated vasoconstrictive action of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in superior mesenteric arteries in portal hypertension.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wiest, Reiner; Jurzik, Lars; Moleda, Lukas; Froh, Matthias; Schnabl, Bernd; von Hörsten, Stephan; Schölmerich, Juergen; Straub, Rainer H

    2006-03-01

    Vascular hyporeactivity to catecholamines contributes to arterial vasodilation and hemodynamic dysregulation in portal hypertension. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a sympathetic neurotransmitter facilitating adrenergic vasoconstriction via Y1-receptors on the vascular smooth muscle. Therefore, we investigated its role for vascular reactivity in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) of portal vein ligated (PVL) and sham operated rats. In vitro perfused SMA vascular beds of rats were tested for the cumulative dose-response to NPY dependent on the presence and level of alpha1-adrenergic vascular tone (methoxamine MT: 0.3-10 microM). Moreover, the effect of NPY (50 nM) on vascular responsiveness to alpha1-adrenergic stimulation (MT: 0.3-300 microM) was evaluated. Y1-receptor function was tested by Y1-selective inhibition using BIBP-3226 (1 microM). NPY dose-dependently and endothelium-independently enhanced MT-pre-constriction in SMA. This potentiation was increasingly effective with increasing adrenergic pre-stimulation and being more pronounced in PVL rats as compared to sham rats at high MT concentrations. NPY enhanced vascular contractility only in PVL rats correcting the adrenergic vascular hyporeactivity. Y1-receptor inhibition completely abolished NPY-evoked vasoconstrictive effects. NPY endothelium-independently potentiates adrenergic vasoconstriction via Y1-receptors being more pronounced in portal hypertension improving mesenteric vascular contractility and thereby correcting the splanchnic vascular hyporeactivity. This makes NPY a superior vasoconstrictor counterbalancing arterial vasodilation in portal hypertension.

  8. La repetición máxima en el ejercicio de sentadilla: procedimientos de medida y factores determinantes

    OpenAIRE

    Inmaculada García Sánchez; Bernardo Requena Sánchez

    2011-01-01

    En la actualidad, investigadores y entrenadores utilizan la repetición máxima (1RM) en el ejercicio de sentadilla como la medida más identificativa y representativa de la máxima fuerza muscular en el movimiento de extensión de cadera y rodilla. El presente trabajo de revisión tiene el propósito de describir los procedimientos utilizados en investigación para evaluar la 1RM en el ejercicio de sentadilla y analizar los factores determinantes de su rendimiento. Con muestras de sujetos entrenados...

  9. Formation of long-period stacking ordered structures in Mg88M5Y7 (M = Ti, Ni and Pb) casting alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jin, Qian-Qian; Fang, Can-Feng; Mi, Shao-Bo

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: •Apart from 18R-LPSO, 14H-LPSO structure was determined in the Mg-Ni-Y alloys. •The appearance of twin-related structure in 18R-LPSO structure results from the stacking faults in the stacking sequence of the closely packed planes. •A new (Pb, Mg) 2 Y phase with a body-centered orthorhombic structure was determined in the Mg-Pb-Y alloy. •No LPSO structures were found in the Mg-Pb-Y and Mg-Ti-Y casting alloys. -- Abstract: Formation of long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) structures is investigated in Mg 88 M 5 Y 7 (M = Ti, Ni and Pb) casting alloys by means of electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. In the Mg 88 Ni 5 Y 7 casting alloy, 14H-LPSO structure is observed in a small amount, which coexists with 18R-LPSO structure. The appearance of stacking faults in 18R-LPSO structure results in twin-related structure in the stacking sequence of the closely packed planes. A new (Pb, Mg) 2 Y phase with a body-centered orthorhombic structure is determined in the Mg 88 Pb 5 Y 7 alloy. No LPSO structures are found in the Mg 88 Pb 5 Y 7 and Mg 88 Ti 5 Y 7 casting alloys. In terms of the atomic radius and heat of mixing, the formation ability of LPSO structure in the present alloys is discussed

  10. Phase stability, crystal structure and magnetism in (U1-xNbx)2 Ni21B6 and (UyNb1-y)3Ni20B6

    Science.gov (United States)

    Provino, Alessia; Bhattacharya, Amitava; Dhar, Sudesh K.; Pani, Marcella; Gatti, Flavio; Paudyal, Durga; Manfrinetti, Pietro

    Ternary phases with composition T2M21X6 and T3M20X6 (T = transition metal; M = 3 d metal; X = B, C, P) are reported to crystallize with the W2Cr21C6-type and Mg3Ni20B6-type, respectively (ternary ordered derivatives of the cubic Cr23C6-type, cF116). They attract interest due to their refractory, mechanical, and peculiar magnetic properties. Literature data on these compounds only concern apparently stoichiometric 2:21:6 and 3:20:6 phases. Often only nominal composition has been reported, with few structural refinements and no measurements of physical properties. Lack of detailed stoichiometry and crystallographic data does not allow sufficient understanding of the crystal chemistry and properties of these compounds. We studied stability, crystal structure and magnetism of (U1-xNbx)2 Ni21B6 and (UyNb1-y)3Ni20B6; stable phases are U2Ni21B6 and Nb3Ni20B6, as also confirmed by theoretical calculations. The two pristine compounds solubilize Nb and U, respectively, up to a given extent. The substitution of U by Nb leads to a structural change from the W2Cr21C6- to the Mg3Ni20B6-type. While U2Ni21B6 is a Pauli paramagnet (itinerant non-magnetic state of U-5 f electrons), in agreement with literature, magnetization data for (UyNb1-y)3 Ni20B6 show itinerant ferromagnetism with TC >300 K.

  11. Teledyne H1RG, H2RG, and H4RG Noise Generator

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rauscher, Bernard J.

    2015-01-01

    This paper describes the near-infrared detector system noise generator (NG) that we wrote for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec). NG simulates many important noise components including; (1) white "read noise", (2) residual bias drifts, (3) pink 1/f noise, (4) alternating column noise, and (5) picture frame noise. By adjusting the input parameters, NG can simulate noise for Teledyne's H1RG, H2RG, and H4RG detectors with and without Teledyne's SIDECAR ASIC IR array controller. NG can be used as a starting point for simulating astronomical scenes by adding dark current, scattered light, and astronomical sources into the results from NG. NG is written in Python-3.4.

  12. Punto de corte óptimo de la concentración de cotinina en saliva para discriminar entre fumadores y no fumadores en la población adulta de Barcelona Optimal cut-point of salivary cotinine concentration to discriminate smoking status in the adult population in Barcelona

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jose M. Martínez-Sánchez

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar el punto de corte óptimo de la concentración de cotinina en saliva para discriminar el consumo de tabaco en la población adulta de Barcelona. Métodos: Estudio transversal de una muestra representativa (n=1117 de la población adulta (>16 años de la ciudad de Barcelona (2004-2005. El estudio recogió información sobre tabaquismo (activo y pasivo mediante cuestionario y una muestra de saliva para la determinación de cotinina. Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad y especificidad estratificado por sexo, edad, tipo de consumo (diario y ocasional y exposición al humo ambiental del tabaco en el hogar. Se calcularon las curvas ROC y el área bajo la curva. Resultados: La prevalencia de fumadores (diarios y ocasionales fue del 27,8% (intervalo de confianza del 95%: 25,2-30,4%. El punto de corte óptimo que separa a los no fumadores de los fumadores es 9,2ng/ml (sensibilidad del 88,7% y especificidad del 89,0%. El área bajo la curva ROC fue 0,952. El punto de corte fue 12,2ng/ml para los hombres y 7,6 para las mujeres, y aumentaba en los grupos de edad con mayor prevalencia de tabaquismo. Los fumadores diarios tenían un punto de corte superior al de los fumadores ocasionales. Conclusiones: El punto de corte óptimo que discrimina fumadores de no fumadores en la población adulta es 9,2ng/ml, con sensibilidad y especificidad cercanas al 90%. El punto de corte es más alto en los hombres y en los grupos de menor edad, y aumenta cuanto mayor es la prevalencia de consumo diario.Objective: To assess the optimal cut-point for salivary cotinine concentration to identify smoking status in the adult population of Barcelona. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of a representative sample (n=1,117 of the adult population (>16 years in Barcelona (2004-2005. This study gathered information on active and passive smoking by means of a questionnaire and a saliva sample for cotinine determination. We analyzed sensitivity and

  13. Calculation of parity violating effects in the 62P/sub 1/2/-72P/sub 1/2/ forbidden M1 transition in thallium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Neuffer, D.B.

    1977-05-01

    Calculations are presented of the E1 amplitude expected in forbidden M1 transitions of Tl and Cs if parity is violated in the neutral weak e-N interaction, as proposed in a number of gauge models, including that of Weinberg and Salam. Valence electron wave functions are generated as numerical solutions to the Dirac equation in a modified Tietz central potential. These wave functions are used to calculate allowed E1 transition rates, hfs splittings, and Stark E1 transition ampitudes. These results are compared with experiment and the agreement is generally good. The relativistic Tl 6 2 P/sub 1/2/-7 2 P/sub 1/2/ M1 transition amplitude M is also calculated, and corrections due to interconfiguration interaction, Breit interaction, and hfs mixing are included. The parity violating E1 amplitude E/sub PV/ is calculated and a value for the circular dichroism in the Weinberg model delta = -2.6 x 10 -3 is obtained. Parity violating effects in other Tl transitions are discussed. Contributions to the M1 amplitude for the forbidden Cs 6 2 S/sub 1/2/-7 2 S/sub 1/2/ and 6 2 S/sub 1/2/-8 2 S/sub 1/2/ transitions and to the Cs 6 2 S/sub 1/2/ g-factor anomaly from relativistic effects, Breit interaction, interconfiguration interaction, and hfs mixing are calculated, and it is found that this current theoretical description is not entirely adequate. The parity violating E1 amplitude E/sub PV/ for the 6S/sub 1/2/-7 2 S/sub 1/2/ and 6S/sub 1/2/-8 2 S/sub 1/2/ transitions is evaluated. With a measured value M/sub expt/ and the Weinberg value Q/sub W/ = -99, a circular dichroism delta = 1.64 x 10 -4 for the 6 2 S/sub 1/2/-7 2 S/sub 1/2/ transition is found

  14. Intrinsic magnetic properties of Sm2Fe17-xMxNy/Cy (M=Al, Ga or Si)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kubis, M.; Eckert, D.; Gebel, B.; Mueller, K.-H.; Schultz, L.

    2000-01-01

    Curie temperature T c , saturation polarization J s and anisotropy field H a of Sm 2 Fe 17-x M x N y /C y with M=Al, Ga or Si (x≤3, y∼3) were determined by thermomagnetic measurements and a numerical fitting procedure of demagnetization curves. An increasing amount of the substitutional element M leads to an increase of T c of the Sm 2 Fe 17-x M x parent compounds and generally to a decrease of T c , J s and H a for the interstitial nitrides and carbides. However, for small M contents, x≤1, an increased H a was observed compared to the substitution-free interstitial compounds. Gas-carburized and melt-carburized Sm 2 Fe 15 Ga 2 C y samples showed large differences in J s and H a but identical T c values

  15. PGE{sub 2}-induced colon cancer growth is mediated by mTORC1

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dufour, Marc, E-mail: Marc.dufour@chuv.ch; Faes, Seraina, E-mail: Seraina.faes@chuv.ch; Dormond-Meuwly, Anne, E-mail: Anne.meuwly-Dormond@chuv.ch; Demartines, Nicolas, E-mail: Demartines@chuv.ch; Dormond, Olivier, E-mail: Olivier.dormond@chuv.ch

    2014-09-05

    Highlights: • PGE{sub 2} activates mTORC1 in colon cancer cells. • Inhibition of mTORC1 blocks PGE{sub 2} induced colon cancer cell growth. • mTORC1 is a signaling intermediary in PGE{sub 2} induced colon cancer cell responses. - Abstract: The inflammatory prostaglandin E{sub 2} (PGE{sub 2}) cytokine plays a key role in the development of colon cancer. Several studies have shown that PGE{sub 2} directly induces the growth of colon cancer cells and furthermore promotes tumor angiogenesis by increasing the production of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The signaling intermediaries implicated in these processes have however not been fully characterized. In this report, we show that the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) plays an important role in PGE{sub 2}-induced colon cancer cell responses. Indeed, stimulation of LS174T cells with PGE{sub 2} increased mTORC1 activity as observed by the augmentation of S6 ribosomal protein phosphorylation, a downstream effector of mTORC1. The PGE{sub 2} EP{sub 4} receptor was responsible for transducing the signal to mTORC1. Moreover, PGE{sub 2} increased colon cancer cell proliferation as well as the growth of colon cancer cell colonies grown in matrigel and blocking mTORC1 by rapamycin or ATP-competitive inhibitors of mTOR abrogated these effects. Similarly, the inhibition of mTORC1 by downregulation of its component raptor using RNA interference blocked PGE{sub 2}-induced LS174T cell growth. Finally, stimulation of LS174T cells with PGE{sub 2} increased VEGF production which was also prevented by mTORC1 inhibition. Taken together, these results show that mTORC1 is an important signaling intermediary in PGE{sub 2} mediated colon cancer cell growth and VEGF production. They further support a role for mTORC1 in inflammation induced tumor growth.

  16. Mechanism of a strong rise of Tc due to the calcium doping in Y1-xCaxBa2Cu2.8Zn0.2Oy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martynova, O.A.; Potapov, D.V.; Gasumyants, V.E.; Vladimirskaya, E.V.

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: → Calcium is observed to restore superconductivity in Y 1-x Ca x Ba 2 Cu 2.8 Zn 0.2 O y . → Parameters of the band spectrum and charge-carrier system are determined. → The calcium doping is shown to give a noticeable contribution to the DOS function. → The mechanism of calcium effect on T c in doped YBa 2 Cu 3 O y is discussed. - Abstract: The normal-state transport properties and the critical temperature, T c , for three series of Y 1-x Ca x Ba 2 Cu 2.8 Zn 0.2 O y (x = 0-0.2) samples with different oxygen content have been investigated and discussed in comparison with results for other calcium-doped YBa 2 Cu 3 O y . We have observed the calcium doping to restore the superconductivity in the YBa 2 Cu 3 O y system even in case of the preliminary T c suppression by the direct destruction of the CuO 2 planes due to a preliminary doping by zinc. The T c value rises strongly with increasing calcium content and this rise becomes faster for the oxygen-reduced series. Based on a narrow-band model, the parameters of the band spectrum structure and the charge-carrier system in the normal state were determined from the analysis of the thermopower temperature dependences in order to reveal the mechanism of the T c rise under the Ca influence. It is shown that the T c increase in Y 1-x Ca x Ba 2 Cu 2.8 Zn 0.2 O y is related to the direct Ca ions effect. The mechanism of the calcium influence on the T c value is discussed with respect to the Ca-induced conduction band modification. The calcium doping in Y 1-x Ca x Ba 2 Cu 2.8 Zn 0.2 O y is shown to give a noticeable contribution to the density-of-states function leading to a strong rise in its value at the Fermi level that results in a restoration of the superconducting properties.

  17. Análisis de prestaciones de láseres en redes de acceso ópticas pasivas de siguiente generación NG-PON2 (Next Generation Passive Optical Networks)

    OpenAIRE

    Martín González, Daniel

    2017-01-01

    Este trabajo se centra en el estudio a nivel físico de las redes ópticas de acceso de siguiente generación (NG-PON2, Next Generation Passive Optical Networks), con las que se llegan a conseguir velocidades de transmisión de datos no inferiores a 40Gbits/s. Esto es gracias a la introducción de 4 longitudes de onda en cada sentido de transmisión. Además, estas redes tienen la ventaja añadida de conseguir transmisiones entre el OLT (Optical Line Termination) y las ONUs (Optical Network Units) de...

  18. Inflammation induced mTORC2-Akt-mTORC1 signaling promotes macrophage foam cell formation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Banerjee, Dipanjan; Sinha, Archana; Saikia, Sudeshna; Gogoi, Bhaskarjyoti; Rathore, Arvind K; Das, Anindhya Sundar; Pal, Durba; Buragohain, Alak K; Dasgupta, Suman

    2018-06-05

    The transformation of macrophages into lipid loaded foam cells is a critical and early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Several recent reports highlighted that induction of TLR4 signaling promotes macrophage foam cell formation; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we found that the TLR4 mediated inflammatory signaling communicated with mTORC2-Akt-mTORC1 metabolic cascade in macrophage and thereby promoting lipid uptake and foam cell formation. Mechanistically, LPS treatment markedly upregulates TLR4 mediated inflammatory pathway which by activating mTORC2 induces Akt phosphorylation at serine 473 and that aggravate mTORC1 dependent scavenger receptors expression and consequent lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophages. Inhibition of mTORC2 either by silencing Rictor expression or inhibiting its association with mTOR notably prevents LPS induced Akt activation, scavenger receptors expression and macrophage lipid accumulation. Although suppression of mTORC1 expression by genetic knockdown of Raptor did not produce any significant change in Akt S473 phosphorylation, however, incubation with Akt activator in Rictor silenced cells failed to promote scavenger receptors expression and macrophage foam cell formation. Thus, present research explored the signaling pathway involved in inflammation induced macrophage foam cells formation and therefore, targeting this pathway might be useful for preventing macrophage foam cell formation. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

  19. Synthesis of Poly(m-pyridylene-1,2-diphenylvinylene

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosana S. Montani

    2000-03-01

    Full Text Available The synthesis by dehalogenating polycondensation and characterization of a new soluble conjugated polymer, poly(m-pyridylene-1,2-diphenylvinylene, DP-PPyV, is reported here. It shows good mechanical properties and a λmax = 330 nm. The maximum intensity peak of MALDI-TOF corresponds to 1.800 Da.

  20. Measurements of CO2 Concentration and Wind Profiles with A Scanning 1.6μm DIAL

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abo, M.; Shibata, Y.; Nagasawa, C.; Nagai, T.; Sakai, T.; Tsukamoto, M.

    2012-12-01

    Horizontal carbon dioxide (CO2) distribution and wind profiles are important information for understanding of the regional sink and source of CO2. The differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and the Doppler lidar with the range resolution is expected to bring several advantages over passive measurements. We have developed a new scanning 1.6μm DIAL and incoherent Doppler lidar system to perform simultaniously measurements of CO2 concentration and wind speed profiles in the atmosphere. The 1.6μm DIAL and Doppler lidar system consists of the Optical Parametric Generator (OPG) transmitter that excited by the LD pumped Nd:YAG laser with high repetition rate (500 Hz). The receiving optics include the near-infrared photomultiplier tube with high quantum efficiency operating at the photon counting mode, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) filter to detct Doppler shift, and a 25 cm telescope[1][2]. Laser beam is transmitted coaxially and motorized scanning mirror system can scan the laser beam and field of view 0-360deg horizontally and 0-52deg vertically. We report the results of vertical CO2 scanning measurenents and vertical wind profiles. The scanning elevation angles were from 12deg to 24deg with angular step of 4deg and CO2 concentration profiles were obtained up to 1 km altitude with 200 m altitude resolution. We also obtained vertical wind vector profiles by measuring line-of-sight wind profiles at two azimuth angles with a fixed elevation angle 52deg. Vertical wind vector profiles were obtained up to 5 km altitude with 1 km altitude rasolution. This work was financially supported by the System Development Program for Advanced Measurement and Analysis of the Japan Science and Technology Agency. References [1] L. B. Vann, et al., "Narrowband fiber-optic phase-shifted Fabry-Perot Bragg grating filters for atmospheric water vapor lidar measurements", Appl. Opt., 44, pp. 7371-7377 (2005). [2] Y. Shibata, et al., "1.5μm incoherent Doppler lidar using a FBG filter", Proceedings

  1. Determination of mercury and selenium in herbal medicines and hair by using a nanometer TiO{sub 2}-coated quartz tube atomizer and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Shun-Xing, E-mail: lishunxing@fjzs.edu.cn [Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Zhangzhou Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000 (China); Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Analytical Science (Zhangzhou Normal University), Zhangzhou 363000 (China); Zheng, Feng-Ying [Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Zhangzhou Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000 (China); Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Analytical Science (Zhangzhou Normal University), Zhangzhou 363000 (China); Cai, Shu-Jie; Cai, Tian-Shou [Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Zhangzhou Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000 (China)

    2011-05-15

    The nanometer TiO{sub 2} particle was coated onto the inner wall of a T-shaped quartz tube atomizer (QTA) and then was used as a new atomizer (NT-QTA) for the determination of Hg and Se by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS). After coating 67.4 mg TiO{sub 2} on a quartz tube, the analytical performance of NT-QTA-HGAAS was compared to conventional QTA-HGAAS and it was improved as follows: (a) the linear range of the calibration curves was expanded from 10.0-80.0 ng mL{sup -1} to 5.0-150.0 ng mL{sup -1} for Hg, and from 10.0-70.0 ng mL{sup -1} to 5.0-100.0 ng mL{sup -1} for Se; (b) the characteristic concentration of was decreased from 2.8 ng mL{sup -1}/1% to 1.1 ng mL{sup -1}/1% for Hg and from 1.2 ng mL{sup -1}/1% to 0.8 ng mL{sup -1}/1% for Se; and (c) the interference from the coexistence of As on the determination of Hg and Se could be eliminated. The achieved technique was applied for the determination of Hg and Se in herbal medicines and hair.

  2. P2Y2 receptor knock-out mice display normal NaCl absorption in medullary thick ascending limb

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rita Delgado Marques

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Local purinergic signals modulate renal tubular transport. Acute activation of renal epithelial P2 receptors causes inhibition of epithelial transport and thus, should favor increased water and salt excretion by the kidney. So far only a few studies have addressed the effects of extracellular nucleotides on ion transport in the thick ascending limb. In the medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL, basolateral P2X receptors markedly (~25% inhibit NaCl absorption. Although this segment does express both apical and basolateral P2Y2 receptors, acute activation of the basolateral P2Y2 receptors had no apparent effect on transepithelial ion transport. Here we studied, if the absence of the P2Y2 receptor causes chronic alterations in mTAL NaCl absorption by comparing basal and AVP-stimulated transepithelial transport rates. We used perfused mouse mTALs to electrically measure NaCl absorption in juvenile (35 days male mice. Using microelectrodes, we determined the transepithelial voltage (Vte and the transepithelial resistance (Rte and thus, transepithelial NaCl absorption (equivalent short circuit current, I’sc.We find that mTALs from adult wild type (WT mice have significantly lower NaCl absorption rates when compared to mTALs from juvenile WT mice. This could be attributed to significantly higher Rte values in mTALs from adult WT mice. This pattern was not observed in mTALs from P2Y2 receptor knockout (KO mice. In addition, adult P2Y2 receptor KO mTALs have significantly lower Vte values compared to the juvenile. No difference in absolute I´sc was observed when comparing mTALs from WT and KO mice. AVP stimulated the mTALs to similar increases of NaCl absorption irrespective of the absence of the P2Y2 receptor. No difference was observed in the medullary expression level of NKCC2 in between the genotypes.These data indicate that the lack of P2Y2 receptors does not cause substantial differences in resting and AVP-stimulated NaCl absorption in

  3. Comparación de dos métodos de colecta para Anophelinos (Cebo humano y trampa de luz CDC, durante la época seca y lluviosa, Yurimaguas, Perú 2005.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Neil Salazar C

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de dos métodos de colectas para Anofelinos adultos (cebo humano y trampas de luz CDC, en el intra y peridomicilio durante la época lluviosa y seca entre enero a junio de 2005 en una localidad endémica de malaria del distrito de Yurimaguas, Loreto, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Las colectas de los mosquitos adultos con cebo humano y trampas de luz CDC se realizó en cinco barrios: San Juan, Santa Rosa, Central, San Antonio y Florida de la localidad de Munichis, Yurimaguas. Se seleccionaron nueve casas por cada método de colecta. Se estimaron ecuaciones de regresión lineal, cuadrática y cúbica para calcular el número de anofelinos colectados por cebo humano a partir de datos de captura por trampas de luz. Resultados: Se capturó 7790 anofelinos en cebos humanos y 1525 en trampas de luz. Durante toda la evaluación se encontraron nueve especies de Anopheles, siendo las cuatro más abundantes: Anopheles benarrochi Gabaldon, Cova & López, 1941 (85,2%, Anopheles rangeli Gabaldon, Cova & López, 1940 (7,3%, Anopheles konderi Galvao & Damasceno, 1942 (4,0% y Anopheles triannulatus Neiva & Pinto, 1922 (3,1%. La trampa de luz CDC capturó 16,4; 15,3; y 17,1% de anofelinos totales, en el intradomicilio y en el peridomicilio, respectivamente en comparación con los capturados por cebo humano. No existieron diferencias entre la época seca y lluviosa en ninguno de los parámetros evaluados. Conclusiones: Se proponen tres modelos de regresión para estimar el número de anofelinos colectados en cebos humanos intra y peridomiciliarios a partir de trampas de luz CDC.

  4. Geometry and bonding in the ground and lowest triplet state of D{sub 6h} symmetric crenellated edged C{sub 6[3m(m-1)+1]}H{sub 6(2m-1)} (m = 2,..., 6) graphene hydrocarbon molecules

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Philpott, Michael R., E-mail: philpott@imr.edu [Center for Computational Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, 980-8577 Sendai (Japan); Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki [Center for Computational Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, 980-8577 Sendai (Japan)

    2009-03-30

    Ab initio plane wave all valence electron based DFT calculations were used to explore the dichotomy of perimeter vs. interior in the electronic and geometric structure of the D{sub 6h} singlet ground state and D{sub 2h} lowest triplet state of planar graphene hydrocarbon molecules with crenellated (arm chair) edges and the general formula C{sub 6[3m(m-1)+1]} H{sub 6(2m-1)} where m = 2,...,6. The largest molecule C{sub 546}H{sub 66} was 4.78 nm across and contained 2250 valence electrons. These molecules are nominally 'fully benzenoid hydrocarbons'. However with increasing size, the core of central atoms abandoned any fully benzenoid geometry they had in small systems and organized into single layer graphite (graphene) structure. The perimeter atoms of the crenellation adopted a conjugated geometry with unequal bonds and between core and perimeter there were some C{sub 6} rings retaining remnants of aromatic sextet-type properties. Compared to a zigzag edge the crenellated edge conferred stability in all the systems studied as measured by the singlet homo-lumo level gap BG{sub 0} and the singlet-lowest triplet energy gap {Delta}E{sub ST}. For the largest crenellated system (m = 6) BG{sub 0} and {Delta}E{sub ST} were approximately 0.7 eV, larger in value than for similarly sized hexagonal graphenes with zigzag edges. Triplet states were identified for all the molecules in the series and in the case of the m = 2 molecule hexabenzocoronene C{sub 42}H{sub 18}, two conformations with D{sub 2h} symmetry were identified and compared to features on the triplet state potential energy surface of benzene.

  5. Structural and spectroscopic studies of Ba{sub 2}Y{sub 1−δ}UO{sub 6+x}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Reynolds, Emily; Kennedy, Brendan J. [School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Avdeev, Maxim; Thorogood, Gordon J.; Zhang, Zhaoming [Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234 (Australia); Brand, Helen E.A. [Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, Victoria 3168 (Australia)

    2016-11-15

    A combination of S-XRD and NPD demonstrate the structure of Ba{sub 2}Y{sub 0.879}UO{sub 6+x} to be monoclinic in space group I2/m. That the U is hexavalent is evident from the U L{sub 2}-edge XANES measurements. This appears to be a rare example of a double perovskite containing vacancies at the octahedral B-sites and interstitial oxygen defects, which combine to stabilise hexavalent U and appears to be a consequence of the preparation of the sample in air. The Y vacancies, coupled with anion disorder, results in a distortion of the BO{sub 6} octahedra. - Graphical abstract: The structure of Ba{sub 2}Y{sub 0.879}UO{sub 6+x} is shown to be a rare example of a double perovskite containing vacancies at the octahedral B-sites and interstitial oxygen defects. - Highlights: • Structure of Ba{sub 2}Y{sub 0.879}UO{sub 6+x} refined. • U L-edge XANES demonstrates the U is hexavalent. • Rare example of a perovskite containing vacancies at the octahedral B-site. • Y vacancies result in a distortion of the BO{sub 6} octahedra.

  6. Resultados maternos y neonatales de trillizos nacidos por diferentes métodos de embarazo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M.A. Guido Campuzano

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Antecedentes: La incidencia de embarazos múltiples ha aumentando de manera constante desde hace más de 30 años. El objetivo fue analizar el comportamiento clínico de las madres y de los trillizos obtenidos por diferentes métodos de embarazo. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico de una cohorte longitudinal de trillizos de enero del 2000 a diciembre del 2010. Resultados: Se analizaron 82 conjuntos de trillizos, 246 (100% neonatos, 12 (4.8% fallecimientos. La distribución de las mujeres embarazadas según el método fue: 28 (34.1% embarazo espontáneo, 20 (24.3% inductores de ovulación, 13 (15.8% inseminación artificial y 21 (25.6% por FIVTE. La enfermedad más frecuente en general de todos los embarazos fue la infección de vías urinarias con un 13.4%, la media de la edad gestacional fue 32.6 ± 1.7 años, rango 25-36. El peso promedio fue de 1,561.52 ± 271.6, rango 620-2,460 g. Aunque el retardo en el crecimiento intrauterino se presentó en el 34% de todos los métodos, no existió diferencia estadística; las enfermedades respiratorias ocuparon el 34.6% de toda la muestra, p = 00014; el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria se presentó en todos los métodos, p = 0.00014; la sepsis para toda la muestra fue del 23.5% y se distribuyó de manera uniforme para todos los métodos; solo se presentaron 2 casos de enterocolitis 2A. Conclusión: El mayor porcentaje de embarazos fue espontáneo, todos los neonatos fueron prematuros con bajo peso al nacimiento, < 2,500 g, los problemas respiratorios fueron estadísticamente significativos (SDR, TTRN y SAP. Abstract: Background: The incidence of multiple pregnancies has been increasing steadily for more than 30 years. The aim of this study is to analyse the clinical outcomes of mothers and triplets born by different pregnancy methods. Material and methods: A longitudinal, observational, and analytical

  7. EFECTO DE NaCl Y CaCl2 EN EL DESARROLLO DE EJES EMBRIONARIOS DE Persea americana Mill CRIOLLO y 'HASS' CULTIVADOS in vitro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leobarda Guadalupe Ramírez-Guerrero

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar materiales de aguacate tolerantes a salinidad, útiles como portainjertos. Se sembraron in vitro ejes embrionarios de aguacate criollo y 'Hass' en medio Murashige y Skoog al 100 % de su composición nutrimental en condiciones salinas inducidas con NaCl y CaCl2. Se emplearon cinco niveles de cada sal (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 %, así como la combinación de éstas en proporción 1,1. Se estudió germinación, emergencia, enraizamiento y supervivencia de brotes de aguacate. El criollo superó al 'Hass' con el 21 % de germinación, 36 % de emergencia, con aproximadamente el 50 % en cada una de las variables de crecimiento y el 10 % de supervivencia de plántulas. El desarrollo de los ejes embrionarios fue más limitado en los tratamientos con NaCl en comparación a los establecidos en CaCl2 y NaCl,CaCl2. Con la técnica in vitro se determinó a los 65 días de cultivo que el material criollo fue más tolerante al estrés salino con respecto al 'Hass'.

  8. Thermodynamic properties of the solid solutions CuCr/sub 2/S/sub 4/ in Cu/sub 1///sub 2/M/sub 1///sub 2/Cr/sub 2/S/sub 4/ (M=Ga, In)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Titov, V.V.; Gordeev, I.V.; Kesler, Y.A.; Shchelkotunov, V.A.; Tret' yakov, Y.D.

    1985-09-01

    Using an adiabatic calorimeter and a quartz dilatometer, the temperature dependences of the heat capacity for the solid solutions CuCr/sub 2/S/sub 4/ in Cu/sub 1///sub 2/M/sub 1///sub 2/Cr/sub 2/S/sub 4/ (M - Ga, In) were determined, the different components of the heat capacity were evaluated, and the thermodynamic parameters of the magnetic transformation were calculated.

  9. HLA-B27M1M2 and high immune responsiveness to Shigella flexneri in post-dysenteric arthritis

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van Bohemen, C. G.; Nabbe, A. J.; Landheer, J. E.; Grumet, F. C.; Mazurkiewicz, E. S.; Dinant, H. J.; Lionarons, R. J.; van Bodegom, P. C.; Zanen, H. C.

    1986-01-01

    The heterogeneous HLA-B27 antigen is closely associated with post-infectious or reactive arthritis (ReA) and is comprised of two serologically defined variants: B27M1+M2+ and B27M1+M2-. An outbreak of dysentery (n = 120) caused by a Shigella flexneri 2a strain, which possessed cell envelope antigens

  10. Neuropharmacology of purinergic receptors in human submucous plexus: Involvement of P2X₁, P2X₂, P2X₃ channels, P2Y and A₃ metabotropic receptors in neurotransmission.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liñán-Rico, A; Wunderlich, J E; Enneking, J T; Tso, D R; Grants, I; Williams, K C; Otey, A; Michel, K; Schemann, M; Needleman, B; Harzman, A; Christofi, F L

    2015-08-01

    The role of purinergic signaling in human ENS is not well understood. We sought to further characterize the neuropharmacology of purinergic receptors in human ENS and test the hypothesis that endogenous purines are critical regulators of neurotransmission. LSCM-Fluo-4/(Ca(2+))-imaging of postsynaptic Ca(2+) transients (PSCaTs) was used as a reporter of synaptic transmission evoked by fiber tract electrical stimulation in human SMP surgical preparations. Pharmacological analysis of purinergic signaling was done in 1,556 neurons (identified by HuC/D-immunoreactivity) in 235 ganglia from 107 patients; P2XR-immunoreactivity was evaluated in 19 patients. Real-time MSORT (Di-8-ANEPPS) imaging tested effects of adenosine on fast excitatory synaptic potentials (fEPSPs). Synaptic transmission is sensitive to pharmacological manipulations that alter accumulation of extracellular purines: Apyrase blocks PSCaTs in a majority of neurons. An ecto-NTPDase-inhibitor 6-N,N-diethyl-D-β,γ-dibromomethyleneATP or adenosine deaminase augments PSCaTs. Blockade of reuptake/deamination of eADO inhibits PSCaTs. Adenosine inhibits fEPSPs and PSCaTs (IC50 = 25 µM), sensitive to MRS1220-antagonism (A3AR). A P2Y agonist ADPβS inhibits PSCaTs (IC50 = 111 nM) in neurons without stimulatory ADPbS responses (EC50 = 960 nM). ATP or a P2X1,2,2/3 (α,β-MeATP) agonist evokes fast, slow, biphasic Ca(2+) transients or Ca(2+) oscillations (ATP,EC50 = 400 mM). PSCaTs are sensitive to P2X1 antagonist NF279. Low (20 nM) or high (5 µM) concentrations of P2X antagonist TNP-ATP block PSCaTs in different neurons; proportions of neurons with P2XR-immunoreactivity follow the order P2X2 > P2X1 > P2X3; P2X1 + P2X2 and P2X3 + P2X2 are co-localized. RT-PCR identified mRNA-transcripts for P2X1-7, P2Y1,2,12-14R. Purines are critical regulators of neurotransmission in human ENS. Purinergic signaling involves P2X1, P2X2, P2X3 channels, P2X1 + P2X2 co-localization and inhibitory P2Y or A3 receptors. These are

  11. M2-F1 in flight being towed by a C-47

    Science.gov (United States)

    1964-01-01

    The M2-F1 Lifting Body is seen here being towed behind a C-47 at the Flight Research Center (later redesignated the Dryden Flight Research Center), Edwards, California. In this rear view, the M2-F1 is flying above and to one side of the C-47. This was done to avoid wake turbulence from the towplane. Lacking wings, the M2-F1 used an unusual configuration for its control surfaces. It had two rudders on the fins, two elevons (called 'elephant ears') mounted on the outsides of the fins, and two body flaps on the upper rear fuselage. The wingless, lifting body aircraft design was initially concieved as a means of landing an aircraft horizontally after atmospheric reentry. The absence of wings would make the extreme heat of re-entry less damaging to the vehicle. In 1962, Dryden management approved a program to build a lightweight, unpowered lifting body as a prototype to flight test the wingless concept. It would look like a 'flying bathtub,' and was designated the M2-F1, the 'M' referring to 'manned' and 'F' referring to 'flight' version. It featured a plywood shell placed over a tubular steel frame crafted at Dryden. Construction was completed in 1963. The first flight tests of the M2-F1 were over Rogers Dry Lake at the end of a tow rope attached to a hopped-up Pontiac convertible driven at speeds up to about 120 mph. These initial tests produced enough flight data about the M2-F1 to proceed with flights behind the C-47 tow plane at greater altitudes. The C-47 took the craft to an altitude of 12,000 where free flights back to Rogers Dry Lake began. Pilot for the first series of flights of the M2-F1 was NASA research pilot Milt Thompson. Typical glide flights with the M2-F1 lasted about two minutes and reached speeds of 110 to l20 mph. More than 400 ground tows and 77 aircraft tow flights were carried out with the M2-F1. The success of Dryden's M2-F1 program led to NASA's development and construction of two heavyweight lifting bodies based on studies at NASA's Ames and

  12. Microwave dielectric properties and microstructure of Ba{sub 6−3x}Nd{sub 8+2x}Ti{sub 18−y}(Cr{sub 1/2}Nb{sub 1/2}){sub y}O{sub 54} ceramics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guo, Xia [State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054 (China); Tang, Bin, E-mail: tangbin@uestc.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054 (China); Liu, Jiaqin [Sichuan Special Equipment Inspection Institute, Dongfeng Road, Chengdu 610061 (China); Chen, Hetuo; Zhang, Shuren [State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054 (China)

    2015-10-15

    The microwave dielectric properties and the morphology of Ba{sub 6−3x}Nd{sub 8+2x}Ti{sub 18−y}(Cr{sub 1/2}Nb{sub 1/2}){sub y}O{sub 54} (x = 0.75, 0 ≤ y ≤ 3.0) ceramics prepared under different sintering conditions were investigated in this work. The effects of substitutions on the microstructure and microwave dielectric properties were discussed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the sintered samples revealed a single-phase formation BaNd{sub 2}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} with a tungsten bronze type structure in the system. The results of energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and lattice parameters calculated on XRD data could confirm the substitution at B-site. A small amount of substitutions improved quality factor value (Q × f) and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ{sub f}) but led to a decrease of the permittivity. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ{sub f}) was found to decrease with increasing substitutions because of the declination of tolerance factor (t). And the τ{sub f} could be adjusted from +62.4 ppm/°C to −7.3 ppm/°C with increment of substitutions. Finally, excellent dielectric properties were obtained as y was 0.5 sintered at 1400 °C for 2 h in air: ε{sub r} = 88.6, Q × f = 11486 GHz, τ{sub f} = +37.1 ppm/°C. - Graphical abstract: It was evident that the tendency of the τ{sub f} was consistent with the variation of tolerance factor (t). The τ{sub f} was much affected by the titling of Ti–O octahedral that bigger ionic radius of (Cr{sub 1/2}Nb{sub 1/2}){sup 4+} substituted for Ti{sup 4+} would significantly reduce the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency. - Highlights: • (Cr{sub 1/2}Nb{sub 1/2}){sup 4+} substitution for Ti{sup 4+} would low down the τ{sub f} of the samples. • The Cr{sup 3+} substitution for Ti{sup 4+} would promote the quality factor. • (Cr{sub 1/2}Nb{sub 1/2}){sup 4+} substitution for Ti{sup 4+} makes the permittivity maintain a high value. • The high Q × f

  13. A novel rare earth zinc germanide, Y b{sub 2}Zn{sub 3}Ge{sub 3.1}; crystal structure and physical properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Grytsiv, A [Institut fuer Physikalische Chemie, Universitaet Wien, Waehringerstrasse 42, A-1090 Vienna (Austria); Kaczorowski, D [W Trzebiatowski Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, P-50-950 Wroclaw, PO Box 1410 (Poland); Rogl, P [Institut fuer Physikalische Chemie, Universitaet Wien, Waehringerstrasse 42, A-1090 Vienna (Austria); Tran, V [W Trzebiatowski Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, P-50-950 Wroclaw, PO Box 1410 (Poland); Godart, C [CNRS-UPR209, ISCSA, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, F94320 Thiais (France); Gofryk, K [W Trzebiatowski Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, P-50-950 Wroclaw, PO Box 1410 (Poland); Giester, G [Institut fuer Mineralogie und Kristallographie, Universitaet Wien, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna (Austria)

    2005-01-19

    A novel ternary structure type has been determined from single crystals of Y b{sub 2}Zn{sub 3}Ge{sub 3.1} grownfrom zinc flux solvent. Y b{sub 2}Zn{sub 3}Ge{sub 3.1} crystallizes in a novel monoclinic structure type (a = 1.5804(2) nm, b 0.429 70(1) nm, c = 1.1524(1) nm; {beta} = 126.14(1) deg.) with space group C 2/m,Z = 4. The large ytterbium atoms are at the centres of pentagonal pyramids formed by Zn/Ge atoms. Zinc atoms are centred in distorted triangular prisms and polyhedra around germanium atoms are related to octahedra. The void at the centre of the Zn octahedra is only partially (20%) filled by Ge atoms. There are two positions for Yb atoms in the unit cell, which contain ions with valency slightly higher than 2+, as evidenced by x-ray absorption spectroscopy and bulk magnetic measurements. The compound exhibits metallic-like electrical conductivity, and its Seebeck coefficient shows a temperature variation characteristic of metals, being, however, fairly enhanced, as expected for intermediate valence systems.

  14. El CO2 como disolvente y como reactivo

    OpenAIRE

    La Franca Pitarresi, Vincenzo Rosario

    2016-01-01

    Existen numerosas ventajas asociada con el uso de CO2 , tanto como disolvente que como reactivo, y todas se pueden resumir en cuatro categorías generales: beneficios ambiental, beneficios de salud y seguridad, beneficios en el procedimiento y beneficios químicos. Los procesos que implican el CO2 como disolvente no aumentaría las emisiones de CO2, más bien proporcionaría una oportunidad para el reciclaje de CO2 residual. Además, los esfuerzos para secuestrar el CO2 producido de los gases de co...

  15. Simultaneous quantitation of 2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole, 2- and 4-methylimidazoles, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in beverages by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Jinyuan; Schnute, William C

    2012-02-01

    An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of 2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI), 2- and 4-methylimidazoles (2-MI and 4-MI), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in beverage samples. A C30 reversed-phase column was used in this method, providing sufficient retention and total resolution for all targeted analytes, with an MS/MS instrument operated in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode for sensitive and selective detection using isotope-labeled 4-methyl-d(3)-imidazole (4-MI-d(3)) as the internal standard (IS). This method demonstrates lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) at 1 ng/mL and coefficient of determination (r(2)) >0.999 for each analyte with a calibration range established from 1 to 500 ng/mL. This method also demonstrates excellent quantification accuracy (84.6-105% at 5 ng/mL, n = 7), precision (RSD beverage samples were tested (n = 2) in this study including 13 dark-colored beverage samples with different flavors and varieties and 4 light-colored beverage samples. Three target analytes were quantified in these samples with concentrations in the range from 284 to 644 ng/mL for 4-MI and from 706 to 4940 ng/mL for HMF. THI was detected in only one sample at 6.35 ng/mL.

  16. Alloying as a Route to Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Improved Optoelectronic Performance: Mo(S1–xSex)2 and Mo1yWyS2

    KAUST Repository

    Shi, Zhiming

    2018-04-26

    On the basis of first-principles and cluster expansion calculations, we propose an effective approach to realize monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides with sizable band gaps and improved optoelectronic performance. We show that monolayer Mo(S1–xSex)2 and Mo1yWyS2 with x = 1/3, 2/3 and y = 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 are stable according to phonon calculations and realize 1T′ or 1T″ phases. The transition barriers from the 2H phase are lower than for monolayer MoS2, implying that the 1T′ or 1T″ phases can be achieved experimentally. Furthermore, it turns out that the 1T″ monolayer alloys with x = 1/3, 2/3 and y = 1/3, 2/3 are semiconductors with band gaps larger than 1 eV, due to trimerization. The visible light absorption and carrier mobility are strongly improved as compared to 2H monolayer MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2. Thus, the 1T″ monolayer alloys have the potential to expand the applications of transition metal dichalcogenides, for example, in solar cells.

  17. Identification of four families of yCCR4- and Mg2+-dependent endonuclease-related proteins in higher eukaryotes, and characterization of orthologs of yCCR4 with a conserved leucine-rich repeat essential for hCAF1/hPOP2 binding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Corbo Laura

    2001-11-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The yeast yCCR4 factor belongs to the CCR4-NOT transcriptional regulatory complex, in which it interacts, through its leucine-rich repeat (LRR motif with yPOP2. Recently, yCCR4 was shown to be a component of the major cytoplasmic mRNA deadenylase complex, and to contain a fold related to the Mg2+-dependent endonuclease core. Results Here, we report the identification of nineteen yCCR4-related proteins in eukaryotes (including yeast, plants and animals, which all contain the yCCR4 endonuclease-like fold, with highly conserved CCR4-specific residues. Phylogenetic and genomic analyses show that they form four distinct families, one of which contains the yCCR4 orthologs. The orthologs in animals possess a leucine-rich repeat domain. We show, using two-hybrid and far-Western assays, that the human member binds to the human yPOP2 homologs, i.e. hCAF1 and hPOP2, in a LRR-dependent manner. Conclusions We have identified the mammalian orthologs of yCCR4 and have shown that the human member binds to the human yPOP2 homologs, thus strongly suggesting conservation of the CCR4-NOT complex from yeast to human. All members of the four identified yCCR4-related protein families show stricking conservation of the endonuclease-like catalytic motifs of the yCCR4 C-terminal domain and therefore constitute a new family of potential deadenylases in mammals.

  18. Basura y más basura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sharon Begley

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El basurero más grande del mundo está en los Estados Unidos(Fresh Kills Los norteamericanos producen 160 millones de toneladas de basura al año. Y no hay donde meterla. Se habla del exceso de papel,de los plásticos y se trabaja en favor de la reducción de fuentes de basura, lamentando el que los norteamericanos no sean adeptos a sacrificarse por el bien común pese a ser en muchos casos los causantes de las grandes tragedias del mundo .

  19. Synthesis and characterization of (Lu{sub 1−x−y}Y{sub x}Ce{sub y}){sub 2}SiO{sub 5} luminescent powders with fast decay time

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aburto-Crespo, M. [Programa de Posgrado en Física de Materiales CICESE-UNAM, Km. 107 Carretera Tij-Ens, Ensenada, B. C. 22860, México (Mexico); Hirata, G.A., E-mail: hirata@cnyn.unam.mx [Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, B. C. 22860, México (Mexico); McKittrick, J. [University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411 (United States)

    2013-04-15

    The structural and luminescent properties of blue-emitting (Lu{sub 1−x−y}Y{sub x}Ce{sub y}){sub 2}SiO{sub 5} (0.1≤x≤0.4, y=0.05, 0.005) phosphors prepared by combustion synthesis and post-annealed at 1200 °C for different annealing times are reported. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of a (Lu,Y){sub 2}SiO{sub 5} solid solution as a majority phase with small traces of a residual phase that was identified as Lu{sub 2}SiO{sub 7}. Under long-UV excitation, the powders yield a very bright blue-emission consisting of two bands with maximum emissions located at λ=405 nm and λ=440 nm, both corresponding to the Ce{sup 3+} allowed transitions {sup 2}D{sub 3/2}→{sup 2}F{sub 5/2} and {sup 2}D{sub 5/2}→{sup 2}F{sub 7/2}, respectively. Moreover, luminescence decay times of 38–45 ns were measured, which depend on the composition, making these powders excellent candidates for application as scintillators in medical imaging. -- Highlights: ► A facile technique to fabricate (Lu,Y)-oxyorthosilicate nanophosphors is presented. ► The structural and excellent luminescent properties including excitation, emission and short decay times are reported. ► The Ce-doped oxyorthosilicates nanophosphors present a fast decay time of the order of 38–45 ns.

  20. PET/CT with (18)F-choline after radical prostatectomy in patients with PSA ≤2 ng/ml. Can PSA velocity and PSA doubling time help in patient selection?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chiaravalloti, Agostino; Di Biagio, Daniele; Tavolozza, Mario; Calabria, Ferdinando; Schillaci, Orazio

    2016-07-01

    To investigate the performance of (18)F-fluorocholine ((18)F-FCH) PET/CT in relation to the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetic indexes, PSA doubling time (PSAdt) and PSA velocity (PSAve), in detecting recurrent prostate cancer (PC) in a selected population of patients treated with radical prostatectomy and with PSA ≤2 ng/ml. The study group comprised 79 patients (mean age 70 ± 7 years, range 58 - 77 years) who had been treated with radical surgery 30 to 90 months previously and with biochemical failure (defined as a measurable serum PSA level) who were evaluated with (18)F-FCH PET/CT. In order to establish the optimal threshold for PSAdt and PSAve, the diagnostic performance of PSA, PSAdt and PSAve were compared by receiver operating characteristic analysis. In the population examined, PSA (mean ± SD) was 1.37 ± 0.44 ng/ml (range 0.21 - 2 ng/ml) before PET/CT examination, PSAdt was 10.04 ± 16.67 months and PSAve was 2.75 ± 3.11 ng/ml per year. (18)F-FCH PET/CT was positive in 44 patients (55 %). PSAve and PSAdt were significantly different between patients with a positive and a negative (18)F-FCH PET/CT scan. Thresholds of 6 months for PSAdt and 1 ng/ml per year for PSAve were selected. For PSAdt ≤6 months the detection rate (DR) was 65 %, and for PSAve >1 ng/ml per year the DR was 67 %. PSA values were not significantly different between patients with a positive and a negative PET/CT scan. The results of our study suggest that (18)F-FCH PET/CT could be considered for the evaluation of patients with biochemical recurrence of PC and with low PSA levels. Fast PSA kinetics could be useful in the selection of these patients.