The Mission Accessible Near-Earth Object Survey (MANOS) -- Science Highlights

Science.gov (United States)

Moskovitz, Nicholas; Thirouin, Audrey; Binzel, Richard; Burt, Brian; Christensen, Eric; DeMeo, Francesca; Endicott, Thomas; Hinkle, Mary; Mommert, Michael; Person, Michael; Polishook, David; Siu, Hosea; Thomas, Cristina; Trilling, David; Willman, Mark

2015-08-01

Near-Earth objects (NEOs) are essential to understanding the origin of the Solar System through their compositional links to meteorites. As tracers of other parts of the Solar System they provide insight to more distant populations. Their small sizes and complex dynamical histories make them ideal laboratories for studying ongoing processes of planetary evolution. Knowledge of their physical properties is essential to impact hazard assessment. And the proximity of NEOs to Earth make them favorable targets for a variety of planetary mission scenarios. However, in spite of their importance, only the largest NEOs are well studied and a representative sample of physical properties for sub-km NEOs does not exist.MANOS is a multi-year physical characterization survey, originally awarded survey status by NOAO. MANOS is targeting several hundred mission-accessible, sub-km NEOs across visible and near-infrared wavelengths to provide a comprehensive catalog of physical properties (astrometry, light curves, spectra). Accessing these targets is enabled through classical, queue, and target-of-opportunity observations carried out at 1- to 8-meter class facilities in the northern and southern hemispheres. Our observing strategy is designed to rapidly characterize newly discovered NEOs before they fade beyond observational limits.Early progress from MANOS includes: (1) the de-biased taxonomic distribution of spectral types for NEOs smaller than ~100 meters, (2) the distribution of rotational properties for approximately 100 previously unstudied NEOs, (3) detection of the fastest known rotation period of any minor planet in the Solar System, (4) an investigation of the influence of planetary encounters on the rotational properties of NEOs, (5) dynamical models for the evolution of the overall NEO population over the past 0.5 Myr, and (6) development of a new set of online tools at asteroid.lowell.edu that will enable near realtime public dissemination of our data products while

Introduction of new energies that gives vitality to town of Mano, industries, and people. Report on establishment of new energy vision in Mano Town area (Niigata Prefecture); Mano no machi, sangyo, hito ni katsuryoku wo ataeru shin energy no donyu. Manocho chiiki shin energy vision hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Based on assurance of energy availability in Sado Island, and age advancing of the population, an energy vision was established with the target of building 'Mano Town that seem real to everyone to find it good to live therein'. The population of Mano Town is about 6000 persons, and the energy consumption in total is 22,350 kl/year as converted into petroleum (industries and public sector at 12,162, households at 2,720, and transportation at 7,433). The new energy introduction is divided into three steps of the initial stage, middle stage, and long term stage. The initial stage will execute introduction of photovoltaic power generation into primary schools, promotion of utilization of solar energy at homes, promotion of introducing firewood and chaff boilers, and introduction of cogeneration into Yutoripia Mano. For the middle stage, discussions were given on introduction of photovoltaic power generation into the city office building, manufacture of light oil substituting fuel through rape seed and soy bean cultivation, introduction of hybrid automobiles, and manufacture of pellet fuel by utilizing wood wastes. For the long term stage, discussions were given on wind power generation, and ethanol fuel manufacture. (NEDO)

ADAM SMITH: LA MANO INVISIBLE O LA CONFIANZA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gache, Fernando Luis

2010-12-01

Full Text Available En 1776 Adam Smith planteó que una mano invisible era quien movía a los mercados para obtener su eficiencia. No obstante en el presente trabajo vamos a plantear la hipótesis, que dicha mano invisible, es en realidad la confianza que cada persona siente en el momento de hacer un negocio. Que además es única, pues es distinta a la confianza de los demás y que se trata de una variable no lineal que fundamentalmente está ligada a las respectivas historias personales. Para ello vamos a tomar como base el trabajo de Leopoldo Abadía (2009, respecto de la crisis económico financiera que se desató en el 2007-2008, para poner en evidencia la forma en que opera la confianza. Por lo tanto la contribución que esperamos hacer con este trabajo es destacar que, el nivel de confianza de los diferentes actores, es quien realmente mueve a los mercados, (por tanto la economía y que la crisis de las hipotecas subprime es una crisis de confianza a nivel mundial.

Aplicativo software para rehabilitación en pacientes con afecciones motoras de la mano

OpenAIRE

Díaz Suárez, Ricardo Andrés; Puello Villamizar, Bárbara Milena; Santamaría Sánchez, Edwin; Van-Strahlen Peña, Francy Juliana

2016-01-01

Existen enfermedades como la parálisis cerebral, la distrofia muscular, el síndrome del túnel del Carpio o los accidentes cerebro vasculares (ACV) que pueden ocasionar afecciones o lesiones que comprometen el sistema locomotor, causando pérdida de la fuerza y trastornos en el movimiento de la mano. Estas enfermedades pueden generar debilidad en la mano produciendo en ella pérdida del movimiento, por tal motivo es necesario que las personas que han sufrido dichas enfermedades deban ser sometid...

Associations between language acculturation, age of immigration, and obesity in the Mexican American Mano A Mano cohort.

Science.gov (United States)

Chrisman, Matthew; Chow, Wong-Ho; Daniel, Carrie R; Wu, Xifeng; Zhao, Hua

As Mexican immigrants to the U.S. become acculturated, they face worsening health outcomes such as obesity. The role of language acculturation in the development of obesity has not been thoroughly examined. To examine associations between language acculturation and obesity, data were drawn from the Mexican-American Mano A Mano cohort study. Participants aged 20 years and over (n=18,298) completed baseline questionnaires on socio-demographic and behavioural factors, including physical activity and sitting time. The Bi-dimensional Acculturation Scale for Hispanics assessed language acculturation. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression was conducted to investigate associations between language acculturation, immigration age, and obesity, and whether sitting time and physical activity mediated these associations. Individuals with obesity were more linguistically acculturated than individuals who were normal weight or overweight (Pobesity (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.12-1.62) in U.S.-born participants and lower risk in Mexico-born participants (OR=0.90, 95%CI=0.81-1.00). For Mexico-born participants, arrival in the U.S. as an adult (≥20years old) was associated with a reduced obesity risk (OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.67-0.80). Sitting time mediated the association between language acculturation and obesity. Language acculturation may influence obesity development among the U.S.-born Mexican Americans in this cohort, but not their Mexico-born counterparts. Sitting time could be targeted in obesity prevention efforts in this population. Copyright © 2017 Asia Oceania Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Percepción y conocimientos de los profesionales sanitarios de una unidad de Nefrología sobre la higiene de manos: estudio comparativo

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José Luis Cobo Sánchez

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Un conocimiento adecuado sobre la higiene de las manos por parte de los profesionales sanitarios, es el primer paso para la adherencia a cualquier programa de disminución de infección relacionada con la asistencia sanitaria. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos y percepciones respecto a la higiene de manos entre los profesionales sanitarios de nuestra unidad de Nefrología, y compararlos con los de otra unidad de nuestro centro (Traumatología. Material y método: Estudio prospectivo descriptivo comparativo en 69 profesionales sanitarios. Para evaluar los conocimientos y percepciones respecto a la higiene de manos se utilizó un cuestionario de 26 ítems basado en cuestionarios desarrollados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Resultados: 73% utiliza regularmente preparados de base alcohólica para higiene de manos (Traumatología 96,9%, p=0,007. 94% piensa que las manos de los profesionales sanitarios cuando no están limpias son la principal vía de transmisión de gérmenes patógenos (Traumatología: 87,1%, p=NS. 75,7% piensan que el entorno/superficies del hospital es la principal fuente de gérmenes patógenos (Traumatología: 68,8% y 16% que son los microrganismos ya presentes en el paciente (Traumatología: 25% (p=NS. Percepciones: 89% consideran alta la repercusión de las infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria en el desenlace de la enfermedad (Traumatología: 59,4%, p=0,009. Respecto a las medidas más efectivas para mejorar la higiene de manos destacan la formación de los profesionales sanitarios, recibir retroalimentación regularmente sobre cómo realizar la higiene de manos y que exista un preparado de base alcohólica en cada punto de atención. Conclusiones: Los profesionales sanitarios de Nefrología, al igual que los de Traumatología, en general tienen conocimientos y percepciones adecuados sobre la higiene de manos.

Efectividad del lavado de manos prequirúrgico en la reducción de la carga bacteriana, utilizando digluconato de clorhexidina y paraclorometaxilenol

OpenAIRE

Martín Aragón, Laura

2016-01-01

Durante siglos, el lavado de manos con agua y jabón fue considerado una medida de higiene personal, sin embargo, la relación entre el lavado de manos y la propagación de la enfermedad, sólo se estableció en los últimos 200 años. A mediados de la década de 1800, los estudios de Ignaz Semmelweis en Viena y Oliver Wendell Holmes en Boston, establecieron que las enfermedades adquiridas en el hospital, ahora se sabe que por agentes infecciosos, se transmiten a través de las manos del personal sani...

Errores en la estrategia argumentativa de la interpretación providencialista de la mano invisible de adam smith: el caso de la teoría de los sentimientos morales

OpenAIRE

Indavera Stieben, Leandro Gastón

2011-01-01

Generalmente, los que defienden la interpretación providencialista de la mano invisible de Adam Smith, sostienen que los individuos guiados por una mano invisible poseen ciertas cualidades que se espera se orientan a ciertos fines beneficiosos para la sociedad. Este sería, ni más ni menos, el sentido de la famosa expresión smitheana. En este artículo mostraré, por el contrario, que en el pasaje de la mano invisible de La teoría de los sentimientos morales los individuos guiados por una mano i...

EXTERNALIDADES DE LA MANO DE OBRA CALIFICADA Y ESTADOS ESTACIONARIOS MÚLTIPLES EN UNA ECONOMÍA ABIERTA PEQUEÑA

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Wilson Pérez-Oviedo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En este modelo, si bien las empresas exhiben rendimientos constantes a escala, la economía entera exhibe también crecientes rendimientos a escala debido a las ex - ternalidades positivas de la mano de obra calificada. Esto hace factible la existencia de estados estacionarios múltiples que pueden ordenarse en el sentido de Pareto, lo cual es útil para reflexionar sobre los problemas del desarrollo. Este modelo, al pre - decir que la productividad marginal del capital es igual en todos los países, resuelve el problema de asignación de capital (Lucas, 1990. Otra predicción del modelo es que la productividad de la mano de obra calificada es mayor en los países des- arrollados que en los países subdesarrollados, lo cual aporta un factor importante para explicar la migración de la mano de obra calificada a los países ricos. También explica cómo es que un país que tiene agentes que no experimentan asimetrías de información, conductas irracionales ni restricciones crediticias puede estar atrapa - do en un punto fijo donde únicamente se invierten pequeñas cantidades de capital, se pagan bajos salarios, la productividad de la mano de obra calificada es baja y la mayoría de la fuerza laboral es no calificada.

United Fruit Company, explotación de la mano de obra jamaicana

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MSc.Yurisay Pérez-Nakao

2015-10-01

Full Text Available En 1899, sobre las cenizas del fuego mambí, comenzó la recuperación de la zona de Banes con el establecimiento de la compañía norteamericana United Fruit Company.Esta empresa enfrentó inmediatamente un obstáculo: la insuficiente mano de obra para acometer todos sus proyectos. Los requerimientos de personal para la construcción de un central azucarero, así como el amplio plan de construcción de vías férreas, determinaron la necesidad de incrementar la fuerza laboral. La inmigración interna no resolvía las necesidades de mano de obra, por lo que apelaron a su importación, fundamentalmente de Las Antillas, predominando los haitianos y los jamaicanos. Entre 1911 y 1930, se emplearon en Banes, como promedio, unos tres mil braceros antillanos anuales. Solo una parte de ellos se asentaron,el resto, al finalizar la zafra eran reembarcados a su país de origen. Estas personas fueron victimas de una triple explotación: como obreros, como negros y como extranjeros.

Enfisema subcutáneo en mano y antebrazo por aire comprimido

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M. Klein

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Las lesiones cutáneas que se acompañan de crepitación sugieren la sospecha de infecciones causadas por gérmenes productores de gas. Las causas no infecciosas no son tan reconocidas y suelen tener buen pronóstico. Presentamos un paciente de 27 años que consultó por hinchazón de la mano y antebrazo izquierdo luego de sufrir una lesión cutánea punzante en un dedo, y de secar el área con aire comprimido. En el examen se comprobó un extenso enfisema subcutáneo desde la mano hasta el codo. Una radiografía reveló la presencia de gas subcutáneo en la mano y antebrazo. El enfisema subcutáneo desapareció en 48 horas. El enfisema subcutáneo es siempre un signo preocupante y casos benignos como este se deben considerar en el diagnóstico diferencial. La exposición de lesiones preexistentes a gases comprimidos (compresores y herramientas neumáticas, tubos de gases para distintos usos, armas de aire comprimido identifica la causa y evita eventuales procedimientos quirúrgicos innecesarios.Cutaneous injuries with crepitus suggest infections caused by gas forming organisms. The non infectious causes of subcutaneous emphysema are underrecognized, and are usually of good prognosis. A 27 year old man presented a swollen hand and forearm. He had suffered a small puncture wound in a finger. He had cleaned and dried the area briefly with compressed air, developing a fast swelling of this hand and forearm. At examination, we found extended subcutaneous emphysema in a radiography and observed subcutaneous air in the hand and forearm; 48 hs later there was no evidence of subcutaneous air. The presence of subcutaneous emphysema is always worrisome and such cases must be considered in the differential diagnosis. The exposition of preexistent wounds to compressed air sources (high pressure pneumatic tools, scuba compressed air tubes, compressed air guns identifies the cause and prevents unnecessary surgical interventions.

El color, en el programa de mano de la Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

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Dr. James F. Willis García-Talavera

2002-01-01

Full Text Available La estandarización de formatos de programas de mano, practicada por Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer al final de la década de los treinta, trajo consigo la arrolladora llegada del color, como carácter peculiar e inseparable del nuevo modelo, origen del matiz de opinión que, a partir de ese momento, generarían los nuevos ejemplares e ingrediente esencial en la obtención del pretendido impacto visual. Esa transformación del programa de mano supuso el ascenso de un punto en la escala de iconocidad gráfica –inversamente proporcional al grado de abstracción– diseñada por Abraham Moles.ABSTRACT: The standarization of programs carried out by MGM at the end of the 30´brought about the overwhelming arrival of colour as a peculiar characteristic inseparable from the new model, origin of the nuance of opinion which, from that moment, would generate the new models and ingredients essential in the obtaining of the alledged visual impact. That transformation of the program meant the raise of one point in the graphic icon scale, inversely proportional to the degree of abstraction designed by Abraham Moles.

Lavado de manos o uso de soluciones hidroalcohólicas

OpenAIRE

Mata Castilla, Beatriz de la; Bataller Monzó, Carlos; Montiel López, Mónica

2015-01-01

Cartel presentado en la Segunda Conferencia Internacional de Comunicación en Salud, celebrada el 23 de octubre de 2015 en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Introducción: La importancia de las infecciones nosocomiales en los hospitales, hace necesaria la intervención para conocer qué métodos son los más eficaces, y detallar hasta que punto los profesionales sanitarios cumplen con la higiene de manos, todo ello para favorecer de la seguridad del paciente. Objetivos: Conocer la eficac...

Efectos del tlcan sobre el empleo de mano de obra en el sector agrícola de México, 1994-2010

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Yuliana Lechuga Jardínez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte se implementó en 1994 para solucionar el desempleo de mano de obra en el campo mexicano, sin embargo, actual - mente las zonas rurales del país enfrentan el mismo pro - blema. Se calcularon las fuentes de crecimiento del em - pleo de mano de obra, de 1994 a 2010, con la finalidad de determinar su impacto sobre el sector agrícola de Méxi - co. Los resultados indican que el cambio en la estructura productiva fue desfavorable para el empleo en general, no obstante, el agrícola creció en diez millones de jornadas debido a un incremento en la superficie cosechada y a un aumento en los requerimientos de mano de obra. En Sinaloa, el cambio en la estructura productiva y una ma - yor mecanización perjudicaron al empleo, a diferencia de lo ocurrido en Estado de México y Chiapas, en donde lo beneficiaron.

La higiene de las manos salva vidas: Video para el ingreso de pacientes

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

Este podcast está dirigido a los pacientes y visitantes del hospital. El video pone énfasis en dos puntos cruciales para ayudar a prevenir infecciones: la importancia de practicar la higiene de las manos durante la estancia en el hospital y el hecho de que es apropiado recordar a los profesionales de la salud que practiquen esta higiene.

La comunicación del TCAE y el lavado e higiene de manos

OpenAIRE

Aguayo Domínguez, María Auxiliadora

2017-01-01

Cartel presentado en el 3er Congreso Internacional de Comunicación en Salud (3ICHC), celebrado los días 19 y 20 de octubre de 2017 en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. El objetivo es disminuir la contaminación de las manos y prevenir la propagación de gérmenes patógenos a zonas no contaminadas

Exoesqueleto para mano discapacitada con movimiento y sensibilidad, pero sin fuerza

OpenAIRE

Peña Pitarch, Esteve; Ticó Falguera, Neus; López Martínez, Joan Antoni; Abenoza Guardiola, Montserrat; Romero Cullerés, Georgia

2012-01-01

Personas con ciertas patologías tienen limitaciones en sus actividades de la vida diaria, tales como coger un vaso de agua o mover un objeto. Las ortesis ayudan a mejorar y/o restaurar la funcionalidad del sistema muscoesquelético en pacientes que tienen las limitaciones descritas. Este artículo presenta una de estas ortesis, un exoesqueleto para la mano discapacitada, con el fin de ayudar a mejorar sus actividades de la vida diaria. La novedad de este exoe...

La sindrome da vibrazioni mano-braccio : studi epidemiologici e clinici della funzione vascolare e neurosensitiva in coorti di lavoratori esposti a vibrazioni segmentali

OpenAIRE

Ronchese, Federico

2013-01-01

Premesse: un’elevata esposizione a vibrazioni trasmesse al sistema mano-braccio (hand-transmitted vibration, HTV) è correlata con l’insorgenza di disturbi neurologici, vascolari periferici e osteoarticolari a carico degli arti superiori. Il termine “sindrome da vibrazione mano-braccio” (hand-arm vibration syndrome, HAVS) viene comunemente utilizzato per designare unitariamente il complesso di tali lesioni. La componente vascolare di tale sindrome è rappresentata da una forma secondaria di fen...

ESTUDIOS FUNCIONALES DE ARTEFACTOS LÍTICOS DE CUEVA DE LAS MANOS, RÍO PINTURAS, SANTA CRUZ, ARGENTINA / Lithic artifacts functional studies from Cueva de las Manos, Río Pinturas, Santa Cruz, Argentina

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G. Roxana Cattaneo

2009-12-01

Full Text Available  El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar los resultados del estudio funcional o de microhuellas de una muestra de raspadores procedentes de la excavación del sitio Cueva de las Manos. Fueron seleccionados entre los provenientes de las capas 4c, 5 y 6 –que cuentan con fechados radiocarbónicos entre 1610 años AP a 9300 años AP. Por un lado nos interesó poder profundizar sobre qué materia prima trabajaron estos raspadores, ya que nunca había podido ser analizado en estudios anteriores. Por otro lado nos interesa ampliar el estudio de la variabilidad morfológica en relación a la variabilidad funcional en los raspadores ya que en este sitio es notable la variedad de instrumentos clasificados como raspadores y cepillos (rabots. Estos nuevos resultados permitirán además profundizar la discusión presentada en trabajos anteriores donde se infirió una tendencia hacia una diferenciación entre ciertos subgrupos de instrumentos cuyos últimos usos conocidos fueron sobre un solo tipo de materia prima mientras que otros se asociaron con el trabajo de al menos dos tipos de materiales. Para este trabajo se utilizaron las observaciones realizadas con el Microscopio Láser Confocal de Barrido BioRad MRC600, luego analizadas a través de software de reconocimiento de imágenes “PHILOS”.  Palabras clave: Cueva de las Manos, raspadores, análisis funcional, diseño.  AbstractWe present the results of microwear studies of a sample of scrapers, from the excavations at the site Cueva de las Manos -layers 4c, 5 and 6-, dated between 1610 bp to 9300 years bp. We are interested in defining on what type of raw material these scrapers worked, since this subject wasn’t previously analyzed. On the other hand we are interested in extending the study of the morphologic variability of scrapers, in relation to their functional variability. Especially considering that this site presents a remarkable number of instruments classified as scrapers

Clínica. Localizaciones: rodilla, cadera, manos, columna, otras localizaciones

OpenAIRE

Martín, Álvaro Pérez

2014-01-01

La clínica que presentan estos pacientes difiere mucho de unos a otros, dependiendo especialmente de la localización de la artrosis, y no hay buena correlación entre la afectación radiológica y el dolor. Generalmente, la clínica es de inicio gradual y evolución lenta, aunque progresiva, y las articulaciones más afectadas son las rodillas, las caderas, las manos y la columna vertebral. Los principales síntomas y signos son el dolor, la rigidez, la deformidad articular y la crepitación. El dolo...

Efectividad del uso de alcohol glicerinado para la descontaminación de manos en una población sin aceso al agua potable posterremoto en Pisco, Perú

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César Cabezas

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó la efectividad del uso de alcohol glicerinado en la desinfección de manos, de personas que preparaban los alimentos en ollas comunes para damnificados de albergues y comités vecinales sin acceso al agua potable, en los primeros días posteriores al terremoto de Pisco. Se realizó un preexperimento con 20 mujeres adultas que no se habían lavado las manos, se cuantificó la carga bacteriana de aerobios mesófilos, enterobacterias y Staphylococcus aureus en sus manos antes y después de la aplicación de alcohol glicerinado, usando la prueba de Wilcoxon se encontró una reducción significativa (p<0,001 de la carga bacteriana. En conclusión, la aplicación de alcohol glicerinado es efectiva para la desinfección de manos en manipuladores de alimentos en una población sin acceso al agua y posterremoto.

Enfermedad de mano, pie y boca en un hospital del Callao, 2016

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Milton José Max Rodríguez-Zúñiga

Full Text Available La enfermedad de mano, pie y boca (EMPB es una enfermedad exantemática viral, causada principalmente por Coxsackie A16, con una sintomatología típica consistente en fiebre; exantema pápulo-vesicular en manos, pies y genitales; y un enantema ulceroso en boca. En el verano del 2016 se presentó una diversidad de casos en un hospital del Callao en niños y adultos, con una sintomatología compatible con EMPB; el diagnóstico fue clínico, se aplicó terapia de soporte con resolución final de síntomas. En la última década se han presentado reportes en algunos países con una afectación atípica causada por el Coxsackie A6, produciendo lesiones más extensas y en adultos. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico sigue siendo clínico, solo necesitando confirmación virológica en casos atípicos o cuando el diagnóstico no es claro. La importancia de este reporte radica en describir los casos del Callao ocurridos en el verano del 2016, para servir de apoyo a los profesionales de la salud en el diagnóstico y manejo de pacientes con similar sintomatología.

Propuesta de protocolo : Tratamiento fisioterapéutico de la sensibilidad tactil en la mano en pacientes con quemadura de segundo grado profundo

OpenAIRE

Ubassy, Florian

2016-01-01

Resumen: La alteración de la sensibilidad táctil en las quemaduras de las manos afectan de manera importante las actividades de la vida cotidiana de las personas. Esta pérdida puede ser controlada gracias a la actuación de la fisioterapia. Objetivo: Avaluar la eficiencia del Ejercicio Terapéutico Cognoscitivo (ETC) de Perfetti en la recuperación de la sensibilidad táctil en las manos de pacientes quemados. Metodología: Son 36 participantes repartidos en dos grupos. Cada grupo contiene 9 pacie...

CONTINUIDADES E DESCONTINUIDADES DO TRATAMENTO MORAL EM MODELOS DE TRATAMENTO PARA TOXICÕMANOS

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Taís Bleicher

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Ao analisar aspectos do evoluir do tratamento médico voltado à loucura na França, com ênfase na inovação pineliana do século XIX, o tratamento moral, e os modelos que surgiram em oposição ou em continuidade com este (as Colônias Agrícolas, que se opunham ao ambiente dos hospitais eas comunidades terapêuticas, com fins de ressocialização, objetiva-se perceber em quê estes modelos, anteriormente aplicado aos loucos, estão presentes nos atuais tratamentos para toxicômanos, tanto em Fazendas de Recuperação, como em grupos de ajudaque seguem a Filosofia dos Doze Passos e que não adotam o sistema de internação. A partir da teoria psicanalítica(com ênfase nos conceitos de narcisismo, narcisismo secundário, ideal de eu e pulsãoquestionaremos estas formas de tratamento (especialmente no que diz respeito ao recurso à religião, a infantilização dos pacientes, o julgamento perpétuo, o lugar dado aos relacionamentos, em nomede uma possibilidade de existência criativa e autônoma por parte do toxicômano.

COMPARACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD ELÉCTRICA CEREBRAL ENTRE PACIENTES BRUXÓMANOS Y GRUPO CONTROL

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Beatriz Cepeda de Romero

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La etiología del bruxismo es controvertida, aunque se asocia con un origen central debido al incremento de la excitabilidad nerviosa. Objetivo: Comparar la frecuencia de los ritmos alfa, beta y la descarga de ondas lentas entre un grupo de bruxómanos y un grupo control mediante el electroencefalograma. Método: Estudio clínico, analítico, controlado. La evaluación odontológica (2007-2009 permitió seleccionar veinte pacientes con bruxismo y veinte sanos (o no bruxómanos. A todos los individuos de la muestra se les hizo evaluación médica y electroencefalográfica para medición de frecuencia y amplitud de los ritmos alfa y beta, en reposo mental y físico y durante la fotoestimulación e hiperventilación por tres minutos. Las pruebas estadísticas utilizadas fueron pruebas F, T de Student homocedástica o heterocedástica y X2 de Pearsons, con determinación de riesgo relativo indirecto y estimación de intervalo de confianza de 95%. Resultados. La frecuencia basal del ritmo alfa fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de bruxómanos que en el grupo control (p=8.6×10-6. Igual efecto se vio en el ritmo beta (p=2.7×10-12. La hiperventilación desencadenó en dieciocho pacientes bruxómanos (90% descargas de ondas lentas comparado con sólo cinco individuos del grupo control (25% con una diferencia altamente significativa según la prueba estadística de Pearsons (p=3.21×10-5. En este caso, el riesgo relativo indirecto según la prueba X2 fue de 27.00 (IC 95%: 4.57-159.66. Discusión: La actividad cerebral es significativamente mayor en el grupo de pacientes con bruxismo que en el grupo control. Las descargas anormales de ondas lentas se presentan con frecuencia significativamente mayor en el grupo caso que en el grupo control. Los informes de estrés, insomnio de permanencia y dificultad para concentrarse son significativamente mayores en el grupo caso que en el grupo control. Las alteraciones en la excitabilidad de los

Girando con pesas en las manos: conservación del momento angular

OpenAIRE

Ferrer Roca, Chantal

2013-01-01

Las personas que practican patinaje artístico, al girar sobre sí mismas encogiendo progresivamente sus extremidades, son capaces de incrementar de forma espectacular su velocidad de giro. También los cuerpos del universo, que siempre están girando (estrellas, púlsares, nebulosas) cambian la velocidad de rotación con el tiempo. Este vídeo presenta una demostración clásica y sencilla en la que una persona sentada en una banqueta giratoria con dos pesas en las manos modifica su velocidad de giro...

Síntesis evolutiva de mecanismos aplicada al diseño de un exoesqueleto para la rehabilitación de los dedos de la mano

OpenAIRE

Bataller, Alex; Cabrera, Juan Antonio; Castillo, Juan Jesús; Nadal, Fernando

2017-01-01

El movimiento pasivo es una técnica recomendada para la rehabilitación de ciertas lesiones de los dedos de la mano. Los ejercicios se realizan con ayuda de un fisioterapeuta en sesiones de pocos minutos varias veces al día. En los últimos años se han presentado diversos exoesqueletos para mover los dedos de la mano de forma controlada, que podrían ayudar al fisioterapeuta en esta tarea. Sin embargo, estos dispositivos no se han popularizado, principalmente debido a su complejidad y elevado pr...

CONSTRUCCIÓN Y VALIDACIÓN DE UN CUESTIONARIO PARA MEDIR CONDUCTAS, CONOCIMIENTOS Y ACTITUDES SOBRE LA HIGIENE DE LAS MANOS EN PERSONAL SANITARIO EN FORMACIÓN

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Joaquín González-Cabrera

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: La higiene de manos en el contexto sanitario es un comportamiento complejo. Rara vez se ha determinado el papel conjunto de los conocimientos y las actitudes como predictores de la conducta de higiene de manos. El objetivo principal del trabajo es la descripción de la elaboración de un cuestionario sobre higiene de manos y el análisis de sus propiedades de medida. Método: Estudio instrumental en el que se diseñó y validó un cuestionario. Se llevó acabo en enero de 2009. Éste constó finalmente de 50 ítems que evalúan la intención de conducta antes y después del contacto con el paciente, los conocimientos declarativos y las actitudes sobre la higiene de manos. Se aplicó a 431 estudiantes de ciencias de la salud de la Universidad de Granada. Resultados: Se han realizado tres análisis factoriales, obteniendo finalmente un valor de convergencia general que explica el 46,01% de la varianza total y una alta fiabilidad (a=0,843. Existe correlación entre los conocimientos y la intención de conducta antes y después del contacto con el paciente (p<0,01. Asu vez, la actitud sólo correlaciona con la intención de conducta antes (p<0,05. La conducta de higiene de manos se refiere con una media mayor después de la realización de diversas actividades sanitarias que antes de las mismas (4,26 y 3,96 respectivamente. Tanto los conocimientos declarativos como las actitudes predicen significativamente la intención de conducta, en particular la conducta antes del contacto con el paciente (R2=0,100; Beta estandarizado 0,256 para conocimientos y 0,145 y para actitudes. Conclusiones: El cuestionario muestra una elevada consistencia interna. Se ha obtenido una herramienta válida para evaluar la intención de conducta, los conocimientos y las actitudes sobre higiene de manos en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. La herramienta detecta deficiencias en conocimientos básicos en los estudiantes.

Capacidad de manejo de carga con una mano en trabajadores y normativa chilena aplicable a la evaluación de riesgos de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos

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Manuel Gutiérrez Henríquez

Full Text Available RESUMEN Los trastornos músculo-esqueléticos (TMEs se encuentran entre los principales problemas de salud laboral en Chile, así como también a nivel internacional. En este sentido, los antecedentes epidemiológicos indican que uno de los potenciales agentes causales de TMEs corresponde al manejo manual de carga. Al respecto, la normativa chilena carece de métodos para evaluar riesgos de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos asociados a la manipulación de carga con una mano. Objetivo: Determinar la capacidad de elevación y descenso de carga con una mano en trabajadores de género masculino. Material y método: El estudio se efectuó en un centro hospitalario público y una industria metalúrgica de la Provincia de Concepción. Los trabajadores que participaron en el estudio efectuaban labores asociadas al manejo de manual de carga y/o pacientes. Para la determinación de peso máximo aceptable (PMA se aplicaron pruebas psicofísicas. Se estudiaron las tareas de elevaciones y descensos entre suelo y codo, así como entre codo y alcance vertical de brazo. Se evaluaron diferentes frecuencias de manipulación de carga, siendo éstas una elevación o descenso cada 10 segundos, 1 minuto, 30 minutos, 1 hora y 8 horas. Resultados: Para las tareas analizadas, se determinaron valores de PMA que protegen al 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% y 90% del grupo estudiado. Discusión: Al comparar los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio con referencias bibliográficas de capacidad de manipulación de carga con dos manos, se verificó que el PMA determinado para una mano es menor entre un 55% a 69% que el registrado para dos manos. Se plantea la necesidad de efectuar estudios complementarios que permitan validar los resultados obtenidos, para avanzar en el desarrollo de métodos, criterios y normativa aplicable a tareas de elevación y descenso de carga con una mano.

La higiene de las manos salva vidas: Video para el ingreso de pacientes

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2008-05-01

Este podcast está dirigido a los pacientes y visitantes del hospital. El video pone énfasis en dos puntos cruciales para ayudar a prevenir infecciones: la importancia de practicar la higiene de las manos durante la estancia en el hospital y el hecho de que es apropiado recordar a los profesionales de la salud que practiquen esta higiene.  Created: 5/1/2008 by National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases (NCPDCID).   Date Released: 7/9/2008.

EL ALTO MAGDALENA- COLOMBIA DE LA MANO CON ENERGIAS ALTERNATIVAS

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Barragán-Alturo, Ancízar

2013-12-01

Full Text Available El afán por destruir un paradigma, que mantiene encadenados a los habitantes de Girardot y la región, a una compañía de distribución de la energía eléctrica con sus altos precios para el kilowatt-hora, ha inspirado la investigación CUNDINAMARCA DE LA MANO DE LAS ENERGIAS ALTERNATIVAS, demostrando por diversos caminos que el montaje de paneles solares para generación de energía eléctrica en las cubiertas de las casas es la energía alternativa para la solución de diversos problemas, entre ellos: los costos elevados, las fluctuaciones de voltaje, los cortes de energía, los daños en los electrodomésticos

Caracterización de la tecnología de asistencia en pacientes adultos con lesiones de mano

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Gloria Esmeralda Gómez

2016-01-01

Conclusión. La tecnología de asistencia promueve la evolución de las lesiones de mano y muñeca generadas por el síndrome de túnel del carpo en adultos dados los beneficios que proporciona a nivel de independencia y funcionalidad en el desempeño de las actividades de la vida diaria.

Implementación de la guía de aplicación de la estrategia multimodal de la organización mundial de la salud para la mejora de la higiene de manos

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Luz Marina Bautista-Rodríguez

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar la implementación de la Guía de Aplicación de la Estrategia Multimodal de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para la mejora de la higiene de manos en la Clínica San José en el primer semestre del 2012. Materiales y métodos: estudio analítico descriptivo de corte transversal, la muestra estuvo constituida por 28 funcionarios de la Institución que cumplieron los requisitos de inclusión. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recolección de la información son la Guía de aplicación de la estrategia multimodal de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para la mejora de la higiene de manos. Resultados: en la implementación de la estrategia Multimodal se observó que el 88% considera importante la técnica de una adecuada higiene de manos, en la variable de conocimiento se puede apreciar que el 96% del personal ha recibido información reglada sobre la higiene de manos en los últimos 3 años, para el 70% de los profesionales de la salud encuestados es muy efectivo que se les brinde información sobre la higiene de manos, mediante jornadas de capacitación y retroalimentación. Conclusión: Los profesionales utilizan con mayor frecuencia los preparados de base alcohólica como técnica para la higiene de las manos, refiriendo que estos poseen una eficacia en la prevención de las infecciones asociadas a la atención sanitaria.

Todo lo que hay que hacer es lavarse las manos (All You Have to Do is Wash Your Hands)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2009-03-26

Este podcast de Kidtastics de los CDC enseña a los niños a lavarse correctamente las manos.  Created: 3/26/2009 by National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases (NCZVED).   Date Released: 4/1/2010.

Diseño de una interfaz basada en la detección de gestos para cirugía laparoscópica asistida por la mano

OpenAIRE

De-Guzmán-Manzano, Arturo

2016-01-01

En el presente trabajo se describe el diseño e implantación de una interfaz de comunicación basada en la detección de gestos del cirujano para cirugía laparoscópica asistida por la mano. Para el desarrollo del sistema de detección de gestos se va a utilizar el dispositivo hardware Leap Motion, el cual permite registrar secuencias de parámetros físicos de la mano, útiles para la identificación de patrones de movimiento. Esta información es el punto de partida para la implementación de un si...

EFECTO DE LA COLOCACIÓN DE DISPOSITIVOS ELÁSTICOS DE HULE, EN LAS MANOS SUPERIORES DEL RACIMO DE BANANO, SOBRE LA CONFORMACIÓN DE LA MANO, EL RECHAZO DE FRUTOS Y LA RELACIÓN CAJAS-RACIMO

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Alfonso Vargas

2012-01-01

rechazo de frutos, en especial aquellos correspondientes a frutos deformes o a lesiones por el roce entre ellos durante su crecimiento en el racimo (cicatriz de crecimiento, no fueron afectados por el uso o no de la BEH en ninguno de los experimentos en donde ello se evaluó. El número de cajas obtenidas a partir de las 5 manos superiores del racimo no permitió definir la superioridad entre el uso o no de la BEH.

CONTAMINACIÓN BACTERIANA DE MANOS Y GUANTES DE MANIPULADORES DE ALIMENTOS DE LA VÍA PÚBLICA DE ASUNCIÓN

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Bertrand Fabien Ebner Lacaze

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Conocer la portación de bacterias causantes de cuadros entéricos en manipuladores de alimentos de la vía pública. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal. Se tomaron 73 muestras de ambas manos y se realizó una encuesta a manipuladores de alimentos de consumo directo de distintas localidades de la ciudad de Asunción, Paraguay. Resultados: Se encontraron microrganismos patógenos en el 48% de las muestras, predominantemente en hombres; el 27% correspondía a enterobacterias y el 22% a Staphylococcus Aureus. No se observó ningún caso de Salmonella spp.Conclusiones: Debido a que los microorganismos patógenos son causantes de toxiinfecciones alimentarias, el gran porcentaje encontrado de manipuladores de alimentos con manos contaminadas debería llamar la atención de las autoridades competentes. Palabras Clave: Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos; Microbiología de Alimentos; Manipulación de Alimentos.

El colgajo fasciocutáneo dorsal ulnar en quemaduras eléctricas de la mano: un colgajo constante, rápido y seguro

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Trinidad Delgado-Ruiz

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes y Objetivos. La extremidad superior es el área más frecuentemente afectada en las quemaduras eléctricas de alto voltaje, con una alta tasa de amputaciones, síndromes compartimentales y defectos de partes blandas que precisan cobertura. La literatura en cuanto a la cirugía reconstructiva de la mano con quemaduras eléctricas es escasa, pero es fundamental en la fase aguda establecer un plan quirúrgico y una cobertura estable de estos frecuentes defectos en mano y muñeca. Pacientes y Método. Empleamos el colgajo fasciocutáneo dorsal ulnar en 3 pacientes con defectos cutáneos en muñeca secundarios a quemaduras eléctricas de alto voltaje, durante la fase aguda de estas lesiones. Resultados. Obtuvimos en todos los casos una cobertura estable y de alta calidad y sin registrar complicaciones relacionadas con el colgajo o con la zona donante. Conclusiones. Debido a la constancia de su pedículo, la rapidez y seguridad de su disección y la preservación de ambos ejes arteriales, el colgajo fasciocutáneo dorsal ulnar es una herramienta de primer uso en la cobertura de los defectos de la mano y de la muñeca tras quemaduras eléctricas de alto voltaje.

Rendimiento de mano de obra en excavaciones para viviendas de una y dos plantas en la ciudad de Barranquilla

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Dorian Rodríguez González

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Actualmente estos rendimientos no se analizaron con diferentes factores que intervienen para tal fin en nuestra ciudad; hoy día, la elaboración de presupuestos, se basa en tablas que no indican la metodología empleada. Por lo anterior, se plantearon los siguientes interrogantes: FASE I: - ¿Qué está ocurriendo con los rendimientos de la mano de obra en las excavaciones para la construcción de vivienda en la ciudad de Barranquilla?; -¿Cómo afecta el clima de la ciudad de Barranquilla en los rendimientos de la excavación para la construcción de viviendas? Se busca: identificar y diagnosticar el escenario y medio ambiente de la actividad en las condiciones normales desarrolladas; cuantificar el avance obtenido durante la ejecución de la excavación manual en su entorno laboral cotidiano e identificar cada uno de los factores que afectan directa o indirectamente el rendimiento de la mano de obra en su normal ejecución.

Demanda de mano de obra y rentabilidad de bancos forrajeros en Esparza, Costa Rica

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Luz Yaneth Sánchez Sarmiento

2010-07-01

Full Text Available En Esparza (Costa Rica se evaluó la viabilidad de invertir en bancos forrajeros (BF como alternativa de suplementación para vacas en sistema doble propósito durante la época seca (125 días. Se usaron como indicadores de rentabilidad el Valor Presente Neto (VPN y la Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR. Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad para el incremento del precio de la leche, los concentrados, la gallinaza y la mano de obra. Los modelos se elaboraron comparando los BF de plantas leñosas perennes de corte y acarreo de Cratylia argentea + caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum (BFC y de ramoneo Leucaena leucocephala (BFL vs. suplementos comerciales tipos concentrado y gallinaza. En los BFC se requirieron 71.1 jornales/año y el análisis financiero indicó que son rentables al compararlos con la gallinaza (VPN = US$362.2, TIR = 17% y concentrados (VPN = US$1953.9; TIR=39%. En BFL se requirieron 13 jornales/año y fueron igualmente rentables en comparación con gallinaza (VPN = US$1594.7; TIR = 21% y con concentrados (VPN = US$3619.6; TIR=35%. Los modelos fueron sensibles a la producción y cambios de precios en la leche, gallinaza, concentrados y el valor del jornal. Los BF son una buena alternativa para la suplementación de ganado en la época seca y una importante fuente de empleo en la región; sin embargo, los altos costos de la mano de obra contratada pueden limitar la adopción.

Demanda de mano de obra y rentabilidad de bancos forrajeros en Esparza, Costa Rica

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Sánchez Sarmiento Luz Yaneth

2010-09-01

Full Text Available En Esparza (Costa Rica se evaluó la viabilidad de invertir en bancos forrajeros (BF como alternativa de suplementación para vacas en sistema doble propósito durante la época seca (125 días. Se usaron como indicadores de rentabilidad el Valor Presente Neto (VPN y la Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR. Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad para el incremento del precio de la leche, los concentrados, la gallinaza y la mano de obra. Los modelos se elaboraron comparando los BF de plantas leñosas perennes de corte y acarreo de Cratylia argentea + caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum (BFC y de ramoneo Leucaena leucocephala (BFL vs. suplementos comerciales tipos concentrado y gallinaza. En los BFC se requirieron 71.1 jornales/año y el análisis financiero indicó que son rentables al compararlos con la gallinaza (VPN = US$362.2, TIR = 17% y concentrados (VPN = US$1953.9; TIR=39%. En BFL se requirieron 13 jornales/año y fueron igualmente rentables en comparación con gallinaza (VPN = US$1594.7; TIR = 21% y con concentrados (VPN = US$3619.6; TIR=35%. Los modelos fueron sensibles a la producción y cambios de precios en la leche, gallinaza, concentrados y el valor del jornal. Los BF son una buena alternativa para la suplementación de ganado en la época seca y una importante fuente de empleo en la región; sin embargo, los altos costos de la mano de obra contratada pueden limitar la adopción.

Revisión de la descripción y tratamiento de las anomalías congénitas más frecuentes de la mano

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Andrés A. Dogliotti

Full Text Available Introducción y Objetivo. Este trabajo de revisión intenta aportar una introducción al vasto grupo de las anomalías congénitas de la mano enfocada en las 3 entidades más habituales en la consulta diaria, a saber: la sindactilia simple y la polidactilia radial, predominando una o la otra de acuerdo a la población y las publicaciones, y siendo su frecuencia de aproximadamente 1 por cada 2000 nacidos vivos; y el pulgar en resorte, cuya frecuencia es difícil de estimar pero se calcula que está en torno a los 3 por cada 1000 nacidos vivos. Nuestro objetivo en el presente trabajo es volcar la experiencia de más de 27 años de nuestro Servicio en estas 3 entidades, con las respectivas subclasificaciones utilizadas que nos guian en la indicación del tratamiento y las conductas quirúrgicas a seguir en cada tipo de anomalía. Material y Método. Para la recogida de nuestra casuística recopilamos la información sobre pacientes de una base de datos personal desde 2005 a 2016; y para los pacientes más antiguos, entre 1998 a 2006, consultamos una base de datos electrónica del Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Quemados del Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, en Buenos Aires, Argentina, combinada con los registros de fichas (1987-2000 y complementada con el actual sistema de historias clínicas electrónicas del hospital (2014 a 2016. Llevamos a cabo también una revisión de la literatura sobre las 3 patologías que con más frecuencia vemos en consulta: el dedo en resorte congénito, la sindactilia congénita y la polidactilia radial. Resultados. El número de procedimientos quirúrgicos en casos con patología congénita de mano operados en nuestro Servicio entre 1988 y 2015 fue de 622. Gracias a la revision de la literatura encontramos una nueva clasificación de las anomalías congénitas de la mano basada en el sector y el eje predominantemente involucrado. Conclusiones. En las patologías congénitas de la mano resulta primordial

Estrategia de comunicación digital aplicado a empresa de producto artesanal: Al Sol, a mano

OpenAIRE

GARCÍA ÁLVAREZ, CLARA

2015-01-01

El objetivo principal es promocionar la tienda y marca de Al Sol, a mano en la red y en el área de Valencia, ciudad donde se ubica. Cualquier marca, debe de encontrarse en Internet. Gracias al comercio electrónico, las redes sociales, páginas web o blogs estas pequeñas empresas pueden crecer sin un gran gasto económico. Estas plataformas y buscadores son una forma sencilla de estar presente y el mejor escaparate para darse a conocer y llegar a un gran público. Igualmente en la ...

La estandarización del modelo de programa de mano Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

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Dr. James F. Willis García-Talavera

2002-01-01

Full Text Available La exhaustiva renovación practicada en el diseño del típico programa de mano Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, en las postrimerías de la década de los treinta, rompió definitivamente con los tradicionales conceptos anteriores. Esa estandarización de formatos supuso la instauración definitiva del margen blanco, el predominio de los colores vivos y los contrastes acusados, así como la abundancia de primeros planos de los actores protagonistas entre las figuras representadas. Este artículo analiza dicha transformación a través de diferentes teorías sobre la representatividad, simbolismo, separación, valoración y elocuencia de ese peculiar objeto publicitario.

Evaluación de formación y destreza de la asepsia de manos empleando lámpara ultravioleta

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Manuela Skodova

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo principal: La higiene de manos (HM es fundamental para una atención sanitaria limpia y segura. Los futuros profesionales de enfermería deben adquirir conocimientos tanto teóricos como prácticos en materia de HM. Metodología: Se evaluó la técnica de HM, registrando las regiones de las manos con/sin exposición a la solución alcohólica marcada con fluoresceína mediante una lámpara de luz ultravioleta. Resultados principales: Evaluamos 71 alumnos, 56,3 % de 2º curso y 43,7% de 3er curso de Enfermería. El 73,3% fueron mujeres. Realizaron la HM bien o muy bien el 45,1% de los alumnos. Las zonas donde con más frecuencia no se extendió la solución alcohólica fueron los pulgares (54,9% y dorso (46,5%. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los dos cursos. Conclusión principal: El papel de la educación es fundamental para sentar las bases de buenas prácticas en HM, en conocimientos teóricos y en el desarrollo de habilidades y reforzamiento de buenas prácticas.

Terapia ocupacional en la rehabilitación de la mano de pacientes tetrapléjicos = Occupational therapy inthe rehabilitation of the hand quadriplegic patients

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Morón Casellas, S

2007-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN“La mano es el lenguaje de muchos hombres y el órgano indispensable para asegurar su independencia”. Manuel Blanco Argüelles (médico rehabilitadorComo bien dice Manuel Blanco, la mano es un órgano indispensable para la independencia de una persona, por eso hay que prestarle especial atención. Cuando se ve afectado por una lesión, como bien puede ser una lesión medular cervical que conlleva una falta de movilidad y de sensibilidad, hay que asegurarse de que le damos a la mano todos los cuidados e intervenciones necesarias, tanto para mantener su apariencia física, tan importante para la autoestima de una persona, como ofrecerle la máxima funcionalidad posible a pesar de la lesión que haya sufrido. SUMMARY"Hand is the language of many men and the essential organ for assuring their independence" Manuel Blanco Argüelles (rehabilitation doctor. Such as Manuel Blanco properly says, hand is an essential organ for people´s independence, and this is the reason for paying special attention to it. When the organ is affected by a lesion, like a cervical bone-marrow lesion that supposes a lack of mobility and feeling, it has to be assure all the necessary medical care and operations/attentions, both for maintaining the appearance of the hand, so important for the personal self-esteem, as for providing the maximum possible functions despiting the damage he/she has suffered.

ANÁLISIS GEO-REFERENCIADO DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL NÚMERO DE MANOS POR RACIMO EN UN ÁREA BANANERA

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Kenneth Bolívar

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Resulta crucial adecuar las herramientas tecnológicas basadas en sistemas de posicionamiento global a las prácticas agrícolas para mejorar la eficiencia de producción por área, incrementando la productividad. Este proyecto tiene como objetivo desarrollar una metodología de análisis georeferenciado, basado en el número de manos por racimo de una finca. El trabajo se llevó a cabo la Finca Bananera de la Universidad EARTH; la metodología consistió de varías etapas: primero, se determinó la distancia máxima de muestreo con un semivariograma, calculada en 125 m; para obtener información más precisa, el muestreo se realizó a una distancia de 80 m por 50 m; se hizo la recolección de información georreferenciada de la población en un área circular de 8 m de radio, como número de manos por racimo. Se generaron mapas del comportamiento de la productividad y la densidad poblacional en el bloque 1. Se encontró mayor área dentro del rango óptimo del número de unidades productivas por hectárea. En términos productivos el 4% (5,28 ha del área de la finca está por debajo del punto de equilibrio financiero y el 94% está por encima del punto de equilibrio. Algunas áreas bajan su productividad cuando exceden las 1800 plantas.ha-1. Se logró desarrollar una metodología para la toma de datos a partir del índice fenológico del número de manos por racimo y de la agricultura de precisión. La herramienta identificó los puntos críticos productivos pero no los asoció a ninguna variable de suelo o climática; por lo tanto, se recomienda realizar un nuevo análisis de las zonas; incorporando otras variables de forma integrada.

Contabilidad de Costos I. - Problemas sobre la contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con la mano de obra

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Morillo Moreno, Marysela C.

2008-01-01

ÍNDICE Introducción Problemas sobre terminología básica Problemas básicos sobre el Ciclo de la Contabilidad de Costos Problemas sobre contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con los materiales Problemas sobre la contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con la mano de obra Problemas sobre la contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con los costos indirectos de fabricación Problemas sobre el Ciclo de la Contabilida...

Evaluación de un taller práctico sobre higiene de manos impartido por estudiantes entrenados Evaluation of a workshop on hand hygiene taught by instructed students

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María Fernández-Prada

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción. La enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la higiene de manos en el contexto sanitario es una tarea compleja. La intervención del estudiante como líder de su propia formación está muy poco analizada en la bibliografía. El objetivo principal del trabajo es la evaluación de un taller sobre higiene de manos gestionado, dirigido e impartido, bajo tutela experta, por estudiantes al propio colectivo estudiantil. Sujetos y métodos. Evaluación pre-post de la técnica, los conocimientos y las actitudes de los participantes hacia la higiene de manos. Asistieron 40 estudiantes de ciencias de la salud de la Universidad de Granada. Se realizaron dos evaluaciones del taller: mediante un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc con 12 ítems sobre conocimientos y actitudes, y mediante la observación directa de la técnica de higiene de manos y la calidad del proceso utilizando una lámpara de luz ultravioleta y una solución reactiva. Resultados. Tras la realización del taller se aprecia que disminuye de forma significativa el número de zonas contaminadas de las manos (t = 9,278; p Introduction. The teaching and learning of hand hygiene in the context of health is a complex task. There is little discussion in the literature regarding the student involvement as the leader of his own background. The main objective of this study is the evaluation of a workshop on hand hygiene managed, directed and delivered, under expert supervision, by students at the same student group. Subjects and methods. An evaluation pre-post about technique, knowledge and attitudes of participants towards hygiene. Attended by 40 students of Health Sciences at the University of Granada. We conducted two evaluations of the workshop by: a questionnaire designed ad hoc with 12 items on knowledge and attitudes, and the direct observation of hand hygiene technique and quality of the processing with an ultraviolet lamp and a reactive solution for it. Results. After the workshop, it shows

EXTERNALIDADES DE LA MANO DE OBRA CALIFICADA Y ESTADOS ESTACIONARIOS MÚLTIPLES EN UNA ECONOMÍA ABIERTA PEQUEÑA

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Wilson Pérez-Oviedo

2015-01-01

En este modelo, si bien las empresas exhiben rendimientos constantes a escala, la economía entera exhibe también crecientes rendimientos a escala debido a las ex - ternalidades positivas de la mano de obra calificada. Esto hace factible la existencia de estados estacionarios múltiples que pueden ordenarse en el sentido de Pareto, lo cual es útil para reflexionar sobre los problemas del desarrollo. Este modelo, al pre - decir que la productividad marginal del capital es igual en todos los p...

Gestión de calidad en la mano de obra de la construcción en Ecuador

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Arévalo Salazar, Darwin Jacinto

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo ha sido realizado con el objetivo de buscar un aporte académico a la necesidad de contar con un sistema de gestión de la calidad dela mano de obra de la construcción. Hay conciencia mundial de que el talento humano es el capital más importante de una empresa. Se ha comprendido que manejar empresas es en gran medida, manejar comportamientos humanos.Se identificó y diseñó un método de trabajo que permita sustentar de una manera práctica la implantación de un sistema de ge...

EFECTIVIDAD DE LAS CAPACITACIONES EN EL PERSONAL DE MANO DE OBRA NO CALIFICADA DE GRAÑA Y MONTERO. AREQUIPA, 2015.

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VELASQUEZ HERRERA, CARLA GIULIANA

2016-01-01

CAPACITACION CONCEPTO TIPOS DE CAPACITACION POR SU FORMALIDAD POR SU NATURALEZA POR SU NIVEL OCUPACIONAL OBJETIVOS DE LA CAPACITACION IMPORTANCIA DE LA CAPACITACIÓN VENTAJAS DE LA CAPACITACIÓN TECNICAS DE CAPACITACION CAPACITACION EN GRAÑA Y MONTERO PROGRAMA DE HABILITACION Y COMPLEMENTACION PARA MANO DE OBRA NO CALIFICADA DE GYM EFECTIVIDAD EFECTIVIDAD EN EL AMBITO DE LA CAPACITACION IMPORTANCIA DE LA MEDICION DE LA EFECTIVIDAD DE LA CAPACITACION MODELOS DE EVALUACION NIVELES DE LA EVALUACIO...

El climaterio y las inmigrantes ecuatorianas: una experiencia natural en manos de otros

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Juan Manuel Leyva-Moral

Full Text Available Introducción: El modelo biomédico describe la menopausia como un problema de salud. Los científicos sociales sostienen que se trata de un proceso biológico normal individual cuya experiencia viene determinada por factores culturales. Objetivo: Comprender la experiencia de la menopausia entre las inmigrantes ecuatorianas que viven en Barcelona (España. Diseño: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico hermenéutico. Trece mujeres ecuatorianas menopáusicas fueron entrevistadas en sus hogares durante el período 2008-2009. Las entrevistas fueron transcritas textualmente y analizadas siguiendo el proceso hermenéutico. Resultados: Cuatro dominios interrelacionados fueron identificados: Una experiencia individual natural, ser mujer, mi sexualidad en manos de otros, ser vs. sentirse mayor. Conclusión: la menopausia entre las inmigrantes ecuatorianas aparece como un evento natural repleto de falsos mitos y tabúes en cuya construcción influyen sustancialmente la biomedicina y el contexto social.

Vendaje autoadherente en el tratamiento integral y rehabilitador de la mano quemada

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Juan Ramón Esteban-Vico

Full Text Available Antecedentes y Objetivo. Las quemaduras en las manos constituyen una patología de muy difícil manejo y cuyas secuelas son de vital importancia desde el punto de vista funcional. Su tratamiento debe incluir un desbridamiento precoz seguido de un proceso de rehabilitación temprana con férulas, fisioterapia y presoterapia. En nuestra Unidad de Quemados empleamos la venda Coban® 3M como inicio temprano de presoterapia. Se trata de una técnica probada procedente del tratamiento rehabilitador del linfedema, que aplicada a las quemaduras permite reducir el edema prolongado (agente causal de múltiples complicaciones y de la pérdida funcional y la cicatrización hipertrófica. Pacientes y Método: Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo sobre 14 pacientes con quemaduras de 2º grado profundo o de 3er grado en mano, analizando sus características demográficas, características de la quemadura, cronología del empleo del vendaje Coban® 3M y uso de otras terapias, índice de complicaciones y tasa de recuperación funcional. Explicamos también de forma detallada el método de aplicación del vendaje. Resultados: Aplicamos el vendaje a una media de 17.93 días tras la cobertura o cierre por segunda intención de las quemaduras, manteniéndolo durante una media de 75.54 días, con bajas tasas de complicaciones (cicatrización hipertrófica leve: 28.57%; dolor: 7.14%: edema: 7.14%; prurito: 7.14%; infección: 0, así como altas tasas de recuperación funcional (completa: 64.28%; limitaciones leves: 14.28%. Observamos que la aplicación de este tipo de vendaje en el tratamiento rehabilitador de quemaduras presentó una baja tasa de complicaciones, mayoritariamente menores, y altas tasas de recuperación funcional (64.28% de recuperación completa y 14.28% con limitación leve. Hasta donde hemos podido comprobar, no existe ningún trabajo en la literatura que detalle un protocolo similar de aplicación de este vendaje en pacientes quemados. Conclusiones

INTERFAZ CEREBRO COMPUTADOR BASADO EN SEÑALES EEG PARA EL CONTROL DE MOVIMIENTO DE UNA PROTESIS DE MANO USANDO ANFIS

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Alexandra Bedoya-Rojas

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Actualmente, existe un gran número de personas en el mundo que presentan amputación de miembros que son reemplazados usualmente por prótesis mecánicas. Por otro lado las prótesis electrómecanicas han venido tomando fuerza y son apoyadas por diferentes tipos de interfaces como las interfaces cerebro computador que han permitido mejorar la funcionalidad de estas, y a pesar de mostrar resultados representativos para el control de prótesis, aun es un campo abierto de investigación que busca mejorar su eficacia y eficiencia. En este estudio, se presenta una metodología de clasificación de señales electroencefalográficas (EEG para el control del movimiento de una prótesis de mano, basada en el sistema de inferencia neuro-difuso adaptativo (ANFIS aplicado a características obtenidas de la transformada wavelet (TW y los conjuntos difusos rough (FRS a señales EEG obtenidas en el sistema 10-10. De esta forma el rendimiento del sistema propuesto fue medido utilizando validación cruzada 70-30 con 30 repeticiones obteniendo un alto desempeño en términos de precisión, lo que significa que este modelo tiene potencial como clasificador en la detección de los cambios EEG para la generación de comandos para el control del movimiento de la mano

Prototipo de mano robótica antropométrica sub-actuada

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Mauricio Aarón Pérez Romero

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo describe la metodología utilizada para obtener el prototipo funcional de una mano robótica considerando características antropométricas, a partir del procesamiento que aportan información para el desarrollo del estudio analítico de la síntesis de un mecanismo sub-actuado de cuatro barras, adecuado para la generación de trayectorias óptimas para efectuar la operación de sujeción de objetos en forma puntual, palmar, lateral, cilíndrica y esférica. En este sentido, la diversidad de movimientos que ejecuta el dispositivo además de su capacidad para adaptarse a diversos componentes auxiliares, mismos que realizan la función de unión con el muñón del miembro amputado, por lo que es posible que el sistema diseñado sea aplicable como prótesis. En este sentido, con esta propuesta se obtiene un prototipo funcional con características versátiles óptimas para la manipulación de objetos con diferentes geometrías que tomando en cuenta la funcionalidad del sistema, aportan también apariencia y simetría con el cuerpo humano.

La pesca artesanal en las islas de Providencia y Santa Catalina (Caribe Colombiano: distribución espacial y temporal de los recursos capturados con línea de mano

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Jairo Humberto Medina Calderón

2004-07-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un análisis para evaluar la pesca artesanal de las islas de Providencia y Santa Catalina, caribe colombiano, y establecer la dinámica de la pesquería con énfasis en aspectos ecológicos de la comunidad íctica que se extrae con el método de línea de mano. En ocho sitios de desembarco de productos pesqueros en las islas: Mountain, Santa Catalina, Free Town, Old Town, Lazy Hill, South West, Bottom House, y Rocky Point y mediante una serie de formatos se registró entre otros: la actividad diaria por método de pesca, la composición por especie de los desembarcos, sitios de pesca. A partir de esta información se cuantificaron 51 UEPS y se estimó un año pesquero de 303 días (promedio mensual 25 días, el esfuerzo anual como total de faenas fue de 2.888, de las cuales el 57% fueron realizadas utilizando línea de mano, buceo 40% y nasas 3%. Se muestreo el 23% (673 de las faenas estimadas en el 2001 (19% de buceo, 27% de línea de mano y 22% nasas. Se identificaron 96 especies correspondientes a 54 géneros, 28 familias, cuatro clases, tres Phylla. La captura total estimada para el año 2001 fue de 67.888 kg, de los cuales el 66% correspondió a línea de mano, seguido del buceo 26% y las nasas 8%. La composición de las especies capturadas mediante línea de mano arrojó que los demersales, 36 especies de peces, representaran el 47% (21.269 kg de la CT estimada, siendo las especies con mayor captura estimada el brim Etelis oculatus (6.482 kg, el "yellow eye" Lutjanus vivanus (2.435 kg y el satin Pristipomoides macrophthalmus (1.395 kg; el 37% (1.6467 kg fueron recursos pelágicos -15 especies-, siendo aquellas con mayor captura estimada el bonito Thunnus atlanticus (5.839 kg, la barra Sphyraena barracuda (4.240 kg y el king fish Acanthocybium solandri (4.138 kg; el 16% (7.119 kg lo constituyeron recursos demerso-pelágicos, 11 especies, las de mayor captura estimada fueron el "yellow tail" Ocyurus chrysurus (4.236 kg y el

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN THE HEALTH HOME OF THE INDIGENOUS WOMEN “MANOS UNIDAS” (“UNITED HANDS”

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Cynthia Cecilia Carrillo-De la Cruz

2015-07-01

Full Text Available This paper analyzes from a gender perspective, the process of empowerment of indigenous women participating in the Health House "Manos Unidas", located in the Coastal- Mountainous region of Guerrero, Mexico. Research is based on the approach of Rowlands (1997 and focuses on the personal, collective and close relations dimensions in the fields of Leadership and Decision Making. The methodology is based on observation, interviews and accounts of those who were employed as promoters, midwives and/or coordinators in that organization, and living with a partner - Spouse under civil or religious or "cohabitation" Rituals. More than ten years of activities have passed and it is observed a process towards empowering women, who depends heavily on personal and individual experiences, their intervention in the organization and training support from the gender perspective.

Una nueva revisión del Panel de las Manos de la cueva de El Castillo (Puente Viesgo, Cantabria

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Ruiz Redondo, A.

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El conjunto rupestre de la cueva de El Castillo contiene uno de los registros más completos de la actividad artística del Paleolítico superior. Uno de los lienzos más interesantes por la acumulación de varias fases pictóricas es el Panel de las Manos. En este trabajo proponemos la reinterpretación de la forma y la situación de una figura, lo cual nos sirve para ensayar una nueva definición del panel, que, de este modo, encuentra una mejor integración en el conocimiento del Arte Paleolítico Cantábrico.

Contabilidad, Finanzas Empresariales y Mano Visible

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Juan José Durán Herrera

2004-01-01

Full Text Available En el ámbito de la Economía y Dirección de la Empresa, la Contabilidad y las Finanzas juegan un papel primordial por cuanto que, prioritariamente, se ocupan de la determinación del valor de la empresa y, respectivamente, de proporcionar y evaluar la información suplementaria necesaria para la formación de expectativas reales sobre el futuro de dicha organización. En la fuerte interdependencia de los programas de investigación de ambas disciplinas -Contabilidad y Finanzas- se entrecruzan los análisis respectivos de la naturaleza de los activos, del gobierno de la empresa como organización y del cálculo de los resultados alcanzados. La investigación contempla los cambios en las circunstancias (instituciones y organizaciones en las que se desarrolla la función financiera y se aplica la contabilidad para medir e informar sobre la realidad de la empresa, evidenciándose el paralelismo, la complementariedad y las diferencias que se producen entre ambas disciplinas. El valor de la empresa como punto de encuentro manifiesta dos aproximaciones: el valor contable basado en datos históricos o en precios corrientes y el valor financiero que estima el valor actualizando los flujos de caja derivados del desarrollo del proyecto empresa. Palabras clave: contabilidad y finanzas empresariales, información contable y decisiones financieras, dirección financiera y contabilidad, mano visible de la empresa. The theory and practice of Accounting and Finance make possible to estimate the value of the firm and, respectively, both provide and evaluate supplementary information that constitudes inputs for the expectations about the nature of organization. The strong interdependence between the researtch programs in both academic disciplines are show in their own analysis about the nature of assets, the governance of the firm and the determination of the profitability of the corporation. The institutional changes influence the research programs of both

Cuestionario para evaluar en médicos conductas, conocimientos y actitudes sobre la higiene de manos Questionnaire to assess behavior, knowledge and attitudes on hand hygiene among physicians

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Joaquín González-Cabrera

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: La necesidad de generar instrumentos válidos y fiables para medir aspectos relacionados con la higiene de manos es importante para conocer la situación actual y el impacto de las acciones formativas en los profesionales. El objetivo principal del trabajo es validar un cuestionario sobre higiene de manos en médicos y analizar sus propiedades de la medida. Método: Estudio instrumental en el cual se elaboró un cuestionario que se aplicó entre enero de 2010 y marzo de 2011 en el Hospital Clínico San Cecilio (Granada. Éste constó finalmente de 44 ítems que evalúan la conducta del profesional médico antes y después del contacto con el paciente, los conocimientos declarativos y las actitudes sobre la higiene de manos. Se aplicó a 113 profesionales. Resultados: Tras realizar los análisis factoriales se obtuvieron datos que avalan la unidimensionalidad de la herramienta, con un valor de convergencia general que explica el 39,289% de la varianza total y un valor alfa de Cronbach para elementos tipificados de 0,784. Hay diferencias significativas entre la conducta de higiene de manos antes y después del contacto con el paciente (t=-8,991; p Objective: Valid and reliable instruments to measure aspects of hand hygiene are needed to determine the current situation and impact of training among health professionals. The main objective of this study was to describe the development of a questionnaire on hand hygiene among health professionals and to analyze the properties of this instrument. Method: A questionnaire was designed and implemented between January 2010 and March 2011 at the Hospital Clínico San Cecilio (Granada, Spain. The final questionnaire consisted of 44 items that assessed provider behavior before and after contact with the patient, declarative knowledge, and attitudes to hand hygiene. The questionnaire was administered to 113 health professionals. Results: A factor analysis was performed. Data were obtained that

Irrigación arterial del músculo interóseo y del ligamento accesorio del músculo flexor digital profundo en la mano del caballo Arterial blood supply to the interosseus muscle and accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon in the horse hand

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J. NATALI; R.M. MOINE; M.S. GIGENA; A.M. GALÁN; E. MARTÍN

1999-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio del origen y distribución de las ramas arteriales al músculo interóseo y al ligamento accesorio del músculo flexor digital profundo de la mano del caballo. Se disecaron 20 manos a las que les fue inyectada la arteria mediana con látex coloreado. Las ramas arteriales entran al músculo interóseo por la cara dorsal y palmar del cuerpo y por sus bordes medial y lateral. Cada tendón de inserción del músculo interóseo recibió importantes ramas arteriales po...

Necropolíticas del mercado: Cuerpos canibalizados, género y resistencia en Mano de obra (2002 e Impuesto a la carne (2010, de Diamela Eltit=Market Necropolitics: Cannibal Bodies, Gender and Resistance in Diamela Eltit’s “Mano de Obra” (2002 and “Impuesto a la Carne” (2010

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Paola Susana Solorza

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Resumen El presente artículo propone una reflexión sobre las prácticas de coacción y exclusión que implementa la necropolítica del modelo neoliberal, a través del análisis de dos novelas de la escritora chilena Diamela Eltit: Mano de obra (2002 e Impuesto a la carne (2010. La dictadura del mercado ha exacerbado los mecanismos de control sobre los cuerpos y la feminización de la pobreza demuestra que son las mujeres quienes más sufren la exclusión y opresión de una regulación determinada por la acumulación capitalista. Sin embargo, en ambas novelas son los personajes femeninos quienes van a operar como potenciales agentes de cambio, generando pequeños “lugares de desacato” o esferas minoritarias de resistencia que desafiarán la lógica utilitaria y el dominio global del capital. Abstract This article reflects on coercion and exclusion practices that implement the necropolitics of the neoliberal model, through the analysis of the two novels by the Chilean author Diamela Eltit, Mano de obra (2002 and Impuesto a la carne (2010. The dictatorship of the market has exacerbated the mechanisms of control over the bodies and the feminization of poverty shows that women are the ones who suffer the most from the exclusion and oppression of a regulation determined by capitalist accumulation. However, in both novels, female characters operate as potential agents of change, generating small "places of contempt" or minority spheres of resistance that will challenge the utilitarian logic and global dominance of capital.

“La mano nella terra”. Spaesamento e redenzione di un “conquistatore conquistato” nel Paraguay del XVI secolo

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Francesca Di Meglio

2016-12-01

Full Text Available In her short story “La mano en la tierra” Josefina Pla outlines a “postmodern” portrait of the sixteenth-century hidalgo Don Blas, whose language is initially marked by the difference between Western hegemonic discourse and the subdued and subaltern Otherness of the natives. However, he gradually realizes not only the estrangement effect of his contact with the guarani people, but also a sense of displacement due both to the semantic crisis caused by contamination and his sense of alienation within his own family. Only at the end, thanks to the blue colour of his mestizo son’s eyes, does he recognize himself as a foreigner among foreigners, as half of a world which is completed by the Other, and reach a reconciliation that opens the door to the counter-conquest of future Americans.

La “defensa social”. Pugnas y competencias en torno a la mano de obra en el Oriente Boliviano, 1890-1910.

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Ana María Lema Garrett

2010-01-01

la región amazónica boliviana, al norte del país, suscitó profundos cambios en otros departamentos y, entre otras cuestiones, en el mercado laboral. Los departamentos de Beni y de Santa Cruz se constituyeron entonces en reservorios de mano de obra y el flujo migratorio hacia las regiones gomeras del norte fue creciendo proporcionalmente a las necesidades de los empresarios gomeros. Sin embargo, las regiones de origen, y específicamente Santa Cruz, reaccionaron en contra de este “vaciamiento”, desarrollando estrategias para controlar las migraciones o, eventualmente, frenarlas. Este proceso fue acompañado por el despliegue de varias normas novedosas en el ámbito laboral, producto de un debate parlamentario en torno al tema de las migraciones.

El espacio de vida y trabajo transnacional mixteco: la relación del capital y la mano de obra migrante indígena

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Julio Morales López

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Se analiza el espacio cotidiano laboral y de residencia de una comunidad indígena transnacional, dispersa entre México y Estados Unidos. Esta comunidad ha expandido los sistemas de organización aún más allá de los límites del Estado-nación. Y en su proceder los sujetos funcionan como mano de obra flexible al servicio del actual modo de producción agroindustrial llamado “justo a tiempo”, enfrentándose al capital en turno con una identidad étnico-comunal. La investigación se desarrolla mediante una etnografía transnacional multilocal.

Impacto de una campaña de mejora de la higiene de manos sobre el consumo de soluciones hidroalcohólicas en un hospital de tercer nivel Impact of a hand hygiene campaign on alcoholic hand rub consumption in a tertiary hospital

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Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Valorar la influencia sobre el consumo de preparados de base alcohólica de una campaña de mejora de la higiene de manos, y más concretamente del desarrollo de talleres prácticos sobre higienización de manos en un hospital de tercer nivel del Servicio Cántabro de Salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio ecológico con datos de enero de 2005 a diciembre de 2008. La variable dependiente fue el consumo de preparados de base alcohólica (ml/día. Como variable independiente se utilizó la campaña de mejora de la higiene de manos desarrollada en el Servicio Cántabro de Salud. Para valorar la relación del consumo con la campaña se utilizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados y conclusiones: Destaca la asociación entre la formación recibida sobre higiene de manos en las unidades de hospitalización y el consumo de preparados de base alcohólica, que mejora al consolidarse la campaña (año 2008 y demuestra un efecto positivo de ésta, en especial de sus aspectos formativos.Objective: To evaluate the influence of a hand hygiene program on consumption of alcoholic hand rub, and specifically the impact of the development of hand washing training in a tertiary hospital belonging to the Cantabrian Health Service in Spain. Methods: We performed an ecological study from January 2005 to December 2008. The dependent variable was consumption of alcoholic hand rub (ml/day. As the independent variable, we used the hand hygiene campaign developed by the Cantabrian Health Service. The relationship between alcoholic hand rub consumption and the campaign was evaluated using multiple linear regression. Results and conclusions: The training received in hand hygiene in hospital wards was associated with consumption of alcoholic hand rub, which improved as the campaign became consolidated (in 2008 and showed a positive effect, particularly its training aspects.

Tenosinovitis piógena flexora de la mano: experiencia en el Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias

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Irene García-Martínez

Full Text Available Introducción y Objetivos. La tenosinovitis piógena flexora de la mano es una infección severa de los tejidos blandos de la mano. Se asocia a secuelas funcionales graves que varían desde rigideces de las articulaciones interfalángicas y metacarpofalángicas hasta la necesidad de amputaciones digitales. La rapidez en la instauración de tratamiento antibiótico endovenoso de amplio espectro y el drenaje quirúrgico urgente son las claves para minimizar la aparición de secuelas. Nuestro objetivo es estudiar las características de los pacientes con dicha patología en nuestro medio. Material y método. Presentamos un estudio retrospectivo de 24 casos de infección de la vaina sinovial flexora diagnosticados y tratados por el Servicio de Cirugía Plástica del Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (Oviedo, España durante un periodo de 8 años. Resultados. Los dedos más afectados fueron el índice y el medio y en todos los casos estuvo presente alguno de los 4 signos de Kanavel. Un 71% de nuestros pacientes precisó intervención quirúrgica urgente: 88% drenaje abierto, 76% abordaje volar tipo Bruner, 6% abordaje mediolateral longitudinal, y otro 6% desbridamiento amplio incluyendo piel. Los demás fueron tratados con antibioticoterapia endovenosa de amplio espectro, inmovilización y elevación de la extremidad afecta. En todos los casos se realizó lavado intraoperatorio con suero salino y/o antiséptico, y en el 65% irrigación postoperatoria continua. El germen más frecuénteme aislado fue Staphylococus aureus si bien en el 75% de los casos no se obtuvo crecimiento microbiológico. La media de estancia hospitalaria fue de 7.3 días. Todos siguieron rehabilitación precoz; el 42% lograron recuperación completa, el 29% sufrió limitación de extensión y el 16% déficit de flexio-extensión del dedo afecto. Conclusiones. Nuestros hallazgos ponen de manifiesto que la tenosinovitis piógena flexora es una patología poco frecuente en

Contratación de la mano de obra y desempeño en los servicios intensivos en conocimiento: Una visión del capital intelectual

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Eva Rimbau-Gilabert

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Objeto: El desempeño de las actividades de servicios de las empresas manufactureras, de la misma forma que las de los servicios intensivos en conocimiento, puede verse afectada por las formas de contratación de la mano de obra utilizadas en ellas. Se estudia el impacto del uso de trabajo contingente (temporal y autónomo sobre la productividad del trabajo en las empresas de servicios intensivos en conocimiento. Para desarrollar las hipótesis, desde el punto de vista teórico se tiene en cuenta el impacto potencial del trabajo contingente sobre el capital intangible de la empresa, así como los resultados de la literatura empírica. Diseño/metodología: Se analizan los datos de una muestra de 279 empresas de servicios intensivos en conocimiento localizadas en Cataluña, mediante dos modelos de regresión lineal. Aportaciones y resultados: Los resultados muestran que el empleo de formas de trabajo no permanentes, como el trabajo temporal y los trabajadores autónomos, tiene un impacto negativo en la productividad del trabajo. No existe, en cambio, una relación cuadrática entre estas variables. Limitaciones: La muestra utilizada procede exclusivamente de Cataluña (España, no es perfectamente extrapolable al conjunto de empresas de servicios intensivos en conocimiento y se obtuvo en la fase alcista del ciclo económico. El diseño del estudio es transversal. La clasificación de las empresas como intensivas en conocimiento es dicotómica, en función del sector al que pertenecen. Implicaciones prácticas: Las decisiones sobre la contratación de mano de obra en actividades de servicios de alto valor añadido deberían minimizar las formas de trabajo contingentes, si quieren mejorar su productividad. Implicaciones sociales: Un modelo productivo que pretenda potenciar los servicios de mayor valor añadido no puede descansar sobre la base de un mercado laboral en el que las empresas utilizan una elevada proporción de trabajo contingente en su

El universo plástico y sensorial de La mano (Wong Kar Wai, 2004

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Melendo, Ana

2012-04-01

Full Text Available En español: Con el presente artículo, queremos mostrar cómo Wong Kar Wai, heredero de un cine muy vinculado a la modernidad cinematográfica, plantea en el cortometraje La mano (2004 temas como la soledad, la actitud melancólica o la necesidad de ensimismamiento. Estos, junto al estudio de la geometría, los colores saturados y las calidades pictóricas, y bajo el prisma de un realismo metafísico, dan lugar a situaciones ópticas, sonoras y táctiles puras. Es así como en el film del cineasta chino se ponen de manifiesto, a través de la presencia del fragmento corporal y la metonimia, las texturas, coloreadas y sonoras, que configuran los espacios sensoriomotrices del submundo en el que acontece la historia. In english: In this article, we show how Wong Kar Wai, heir to a filmography closely linked to cinematographic modernity, explores themes such as loneliness, melancholy, or self-absorption in his short film The Hand (2004. These themes, together with his study of geometry, saturated colours and pictorial qualities through the prism of metaphysical realism, give rise to purely optical, sonorous and tactile situations. In this way, the Chinese film director reveals, through the presence of a body fragment and metonymy, the colourful and sonorous textures that form the sensory-motor spaces of the underworld in which the story is set.

Speaking without words: Zorba's dance

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Hnaraki Maria

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Anthony Quinn 'teaching dance' on the island of Crete to the music of Mikis Theodorakis is a popular image that portrays Greeks as extremely emotional passionate and spontaneous. This paper shows the importance of dancing in Greek culture and how Greeks talk through their body by examining Kazantzakis character, Zorba, who 'has many things to say but would rather dance them'.

MÉTODO DE COAGULACIÓN EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA MANO QUEMADA

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Hernando Castro Romero

1982-06-01

Full Text Available

Quemadura es la lesión producida en los tejidos por la acción corta o prolongada de agresiones tísicas o químicas en sus diversas manifestaciones.

La variedad de formas en la agresión a los tejidos se encierra en una multiplicidad de manifestaciones, que en el mundo actual aumenta la estadística de los quemados.
El tratamiento local de las quemaduras sólo debe comenzar cuando se ha iniciado el tratamiento general contra el shock.

Después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, y gracias a Wallace, se difundió con éxito la terapéutica del método abierto o expuesto en el tratamiento de las quemaduras al observar que tratadas al aire, bajo ciertas condiciones, curaban más rápidamente que el método oclusivo.

Max Grob, Cirujano Pediatra del Hospital Infantil de Zurich, inició en 1949 el método de escarificación, llamado hoy en día de coagulación, basándose en la acción coagulante de las proteínas. Este autor hizo su primera publicación en el libro titulado "Patología Quirúrgica Infantil" en 1957.
Posteriormente, Kuhne y Kaiser, de la Universidad de Kiel, en su artículo "Problemas del Tratamiento Local de las Quemaduras" en 1966 preconizaron de nuevo este método.
En nuestro medio, Lucio Feuillet en 1960 lo utilizó en el Hospital del Centro en Barracabermeja y en 1978 en el Hospital de la Cruz Roja de Manizales fue instaurado por el Dr. Norman Ramírez y colaboradores.
El método de coagulación para el tratamiento local de las quemaduras en mano nunca antes fue indicado por estos autores...

Rejuvenecimiento de manos con ácido hialurónico de alta densidad: estudio prospectivo en 29 pacientes Hands rejuvenation with high density hyaluronic acid: prospective study in 29 patients

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J.M. Alcolea

2012-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio prospectivo es valorar a corto, medio y largo plazo, la eficacia en el rejuvenecimiento de las manos de la inyección subcutánea de ácido hialurónico (AH, Macrolane® 20, de alta densidad y partículas grandes, teniendo en cuenta el beneficio del tratamiento, la satisfacción de los pacientes y las posibles complicaciones. Este estudio se realizó entre mayo del 2010 y diciembre del 2011. Se seleccionaron 29 pacientes al azar entre 51 y 74 años de edad con fototipos II a IV, a los que se les inyectó AH para rejuvenecer las manos. La cantidad de AH inyectada en cada mano fue de 1 a 2 ml. Se realizaron controles sistemáticos en la 2ª semana, en los meses 1º, 3º, 6º, 9º y 12º. Se tuvieron en cuenta las complicaciones en cada paciente en todos los controles. En el primer control, en la 2ª semana, junto al examen clínico se practicó examen ecográfico a fin de determinar si sería necesaria una segunda inyección de AH. En cada uno de los controles los pacientes contestaron a un formulario para indagar sobre su grado de satisfacción con el tratamiento. Solo 1 paciente presentó edema y 3 tuvieron equimosis leve; 2 pacientes manifestaron dolor leve con las inyecciones y 2 requirieron una segunda inyección tras la valoración en la 2ª semana. La satisfacción de los pacientes en los controles superó la valoración clínica y fotográfica. En nuestra opinión, el rejuvenecimiento de las manos con este tipo de AH de grandes partículas tiene una baja tasa de complicaciones y es bien tolerado, con un alto grado de satisfacción por parte de los pacientes y una notable mejoría de los parámetros estudiados: arrugas, aspecto de la atrofia dérmica y subcutánea y disminución de los relieves óseos, tendinosos y venosos. La valoración tanto subjetiva como objetiva se hizo hasta el año de seguimiento con buenos resultados.The aim of this prospective study is to assess the efficacy of a high density

A cluster-randomized controlled trial of handrubs for prevention of infectious diseases among children in Colombia Ensayo controlado aleatorizado por conglomerados sobre el uso de antisépticos para las manos para la prevención de enfermedades infecciosas en los niños en Colombia

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Juan C. Correa

2012-06-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of alcohol-based handrubs (ABH in reducing acute diarrheal diseases (ADD and acute respiratory infections (ARI among children 1-5 years of age in childcare centers with limited tap water. METHODS: This was the first cluster-randomized controlled trial in a developing country. The study took place at 42 childcare centers with sporadic and limited water availability in six towns in Colombia. Participants were randomly assigned to use ABH as a complement to handwashing (intervention arm: 21 centers/794 children; or to continue existing handwashing practices (control arm: 21 centers/933 children. ADD and ARI cases were identified through teacher-reported signs and symptoms of illness. Adverse events were monitored. Hazard ratios (HR were obtained using Cox proportional hazards multivariate regression shared frailty models. RESULTS: Child-days of surveillance totaled 336 038. Loss to follow up was 14.5%. For both ADD and ARI, there were no differences in hazard ratios during the first trimester of the study. In the second and third trimesters, significant reductions in the risk of ADD were found in the intervention compared to control arm (HR = 0.55, P OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia del uso de antisépticos para las manos a base de alcohol en la disminución de las enfermedades diarreicas agudas y las infecciones respiratorias agudas en niños de 1 a 5 años de edad en los centros de atención infantil donde el lavado de las manos con agua y jabón no es factible. MÉTODOS. El presente fue el primer ensayo controlado y aleatorizado por conglomerados llevado a cabo en un país en desarrollo. El estudio tuvo lugar en 42 centros de atención infantil con disponibilidad de agua esporádica y limitada ubicados en seis ciudades de Colombia. Se asignó aleatoriamente a los participantes a usar antisépticos a base de alcohol como complemento del lavado de las manos (grupo de intervención: 21 centros/794 niños o a

West Europe Report

Science.gov (United States)

1985-08-02

public education, and of Greeks residing abroad. Also it is taking over cultural matters related to tourism , for example the Festival , in cooperation...Also, it takes over cultural matters that relate to tourism , for example, festivals , in cooperation with the EOT. (Two deputy minister positions...Theodorakis is closely linked with his musical works that created a new era in Greek music and Greek songs that remained for the Greek people a symbol

Las manos derechas del Estado y el capital guerrero: una etnografía de los aparatos represivos frente al fenómeno de las bandas juveniles en la España contemporánea

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Luca Queirolo Palmas

2014-01-01

En España el asunto de las bandas es un objeto-problema que desde 2003 instituye y anticipa la producción de un discurso público sobre la juventud de origen migrante;  un hecho social y una narrativa mediática que permiten fijar el carácter “peligroso” de nuevos sujetos circulantes en el espacio urbano y vincularlos con una etnicidad supuestamente definitoria (las bandas latinas). A partir de 2004, la mano derecha del Estado se dedica a vigilar, castigar, corregir estas categorías de jóvenes....

Tenosinovitis flexora piógena de la mano: hallazgos ecográficos Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis of the hand: sonographic findings

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A. Rodríguez

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Los autores describen los hallazgos ecográficos en tres pacientes con tenosinovitis flexora piógena (TFP de la mano. Los hallazgos patológicos encontrados en el Eco-Doppler Color fueron un halo hipoecogénico peritendinoso y una hipervascularización de la vaina sinovial. La Ecografía es un procedimiento no invasivo que permite diagnosticar de manera eficiente y precoz la TFP y permite además realizar un estadiaje preoperatorio siendo una guía útil para planificar la cirugía en función de la cantidad y localización de la colección purulenta y de la integridad tendinosa.The authours describe the sonographic findings in three cases of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis of the hand. Hipoechogenic peritendinous area and hipervascularization of the synovial sheath revealed as the pathologic findings. In Color Doppler US Ultrasound is a non-invasive procedure that allows to make an accurate and early diagnosis of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis, it is an useful guide for planning surgery taking account the amount and localization of the purulence and the integrity of the tendons.

Higienización de las manos: El cotidiano del profesional de la salud en una unidad de internación pediátrica Higiene das mãos: O cotidiano do profissional da saúde numa unidade de internação pediátrica Hand cleaning: Every day of the health professionals in a pediatric inpatient unit

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Ione Corrêa

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Describir el comportamiento en relación con la higienización de las manos de los profesionales de salud que actúan en la unidad de internación pediátrica de un hospital universitario. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo en el que la población de estudio fue el personal sanitario que laboraba en una unidad de internación pediátrica de un hospital universitario, en total 43 personas. La toma de la información fue realizada a través del proceso de observación y aplicación de encuesta sobre la técnica del lavado de las manos al momento de inicio del estudio y la segunda al mes de realizada la primera. Resultados. En solo 7% de las observaciones realizadas los participantes se lavaron las manos antes de realizar el procedimiento, y de éstos uno de cada dos siguió los pasos descritos en la técnica. La falla más frecuente en el lavado de manos se presentó en el paso de restregar la palma de la mano derecha contra el dorso de la mano izquierda entrelazando los dedos y viceversa (18%. Conclusión. Los participantes en este estudio no tienen el hábito de lavarse las manos de acuerdo con la técnica recomendada. Los datos sugieren la necesidad de promover acciones educativas para cambiar el comportamiento y las actitudes del personal de salud con relación a los pasos de la técnica del lavado de las manos antes y después de la realización de los procedimientos.Objetivo. Descrever o comportamento em relação com a higiene das mãos dos profissionais de saúde que atuam na unidade de internação pediátrica de um hospital universitário. Metodologia. Estudo descritivo no que a população de estudo foi o pessoal sanitário que laborava numa unidade de internação pediátrica de um hospital universitário, ao todo 43 pessoas. A tomada da informação foi realizada através do processo de observação e aplicação de enquete sobre a técnica da lavagem das mãos ao momento de início do estudo e a segunda ao mês de realizada

ANASTOMOSIS ENTRE LA RAMA PROFUNDA DEL NERVIO CUBITAL Y EL NERVIO MEDIANO EN LA MANO. Anastomosis between the deep branch of the ulnar nerve and the median nerve in the hand

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Luis E Criado del Río

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La anastomosis de Riche-Cannieu (ARC es una variación anatómica formada entre la rama tenar del nervio mediano (NM y la rama profunda del nervio cubital (NC. Debido a la importancia clínica y electromiográfica su descripción anatómica es de gran interés, ya que debido a esta variación anatómica existen distintas formas de inervación motora a nivel de la mano. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizaron disecciones cadavéricas en 38 manos (19 cadáveres de ambos sexos formolizados en solución al 5 %, de entre 50 y 70 años de edad. Se utilizó instrumental y técnicas convencionales de disección. Resultados: En la rama profunda del NC no se evidenciaron variaciones y finalizaba su recorrido en el músculo aductor del pulgar. En el 86,84%  de los casos emerge una rama que se anastomosa con el NM de diferentes formas. Esta rama anastomótica, en el 50% de las manos, era una arcada nerviosa de considerable calibre entre el NC y NM, que daba ramas motoras a los músculos de la eminencia tenar. Discusión: El conocimiento de esta anastomosis es muy importante ya que, en casos de lesión del nervio mediano o cubital, puede causar confusión clínica, quirúrgica y en los hallazgos electromiográficos. Debido a su alta frecuencia fue considerada un rasgo anatómico normal. Introduction: The Riche-Cannieu anastomosis (RCA is an anatomic variation formed between the thenar branch of the median nerve and the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. Its anatomical description is of great interest because of its clinical and electromyographic relevance. Due to the RCA, there are various types of hand motor innervation. Materials and Methods: Thirty eight hands from 19 corpses (formolized in a 5% solution whose ages ranged from 50 to 70 years old were dissected. Conventional instruments and techn-iques were used. Results: The pathway of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve did not show variations and ended at the adductor pollicis muscle. In 86

Teatro y memoria: la recreación del mundo rural en Las manos, de José Ramón Fernández, Yolanda Pallín y Javier G. Yagüe

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Vilches de Frutos, M. Francisca

2002-06-01

Full Text Available Current research on twentieth-century Spanish theater reveals a high number of historical plays, a tendency that has continued during the last five years. Some of the most significant writers currently writing for the stage are actively revising the recent past in their work. In this context, three playwrights stand out —Jose Ramon Fernandez, Yolanda Pallin and Javier G. Yague— thanks to the critical and commercial success of their Las manos (Hands, a play about young people who live in a rural area of Spain during the decade of the 1960s. The study of the play's themes and its reception bring to light the reasons behind this historical recreation and the favorable response accorded it by critics and audiences.El análisis de las representaciones escénicas llevadas a cabo en España durante el siglo XX permite apreciar la existencia de un elevado número de obras históricas. Esta tendencia ha tenido continuidad en el último lustro, donde algunos de los más destacados autores dramáticos no han dudado en iniciar una revisión del pasado reciente. En este contexto no debe sorprender el éxito crítico y comercial alcanzado por José Ramón Fernández, Yolanda Pallín y Javier G. Yagüe con Las manos, una obra protagonizada por jóvenes pertenecientes al ámbito rural español en la década de los sesenta. El estudio de sus claves temáticas y de su recepción permitirá explicar las razones para recrear este período histórico y las causas de su excelente acogida.

Pensar con el ojo, pensar con la mano = Thinking with your eye, thinking with your hand

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Juan Manuel Sánchez de la Chica

2013-10-01

Full Text Available ResumenDefiniendo Asís Cabrero la arquitectura como un arte visual-utilitario, se remonta a los orígenes de la especie para explicar cuáles son elementos de la consciencia que intervienen en la obra del hombre. La táctica de supervivencia humana se basa en una técnica voluntaria, variable, personal e inventiva, en contraste con el instinto de los demás seres de la naturaleza. A este animal rapaz, cuyo pensamiento está determinado por su sentido de la vista, se le añade la inteligencia que proviene de la habilidad de la mano para fabricar herramientas. Este animal de órganos intercambiables es capaz de especializarse con cada una de las herramientas que construye para igualarse a cada uno de los animales especializados. Así, el hombre construye herramientas para hacer frente a una naturaleza variable y cambiante, ya sea un cuchillo, un hacha o un refugio.Siendo la arquitectura causa del sentir óptico, es principalmente el pensamiento útil de la mano el que interviene en la elaboración de la arquitectura. Para Cabrero, la materia se convierte en material a través de la herramienta, para ser aparejado, para poder construir. Son las herramientas las que evolucionan a lo largo de la historia, permaneciendo la materia siempre igual en la naturaleza. Asís Cabrero investiga cinco arquitecturas primitivas relacionadas con cinco materias primeras. Así, estudia la estructura cupular, el dintel, el entramado, la estructura laminar y la estructura desmontable en relación con el uso racional del barro, la piedra, la madera, el ramaje y la piel.La diversa disponibilidad material en la trayectoria profesional de Asís Cabrero, desde el aislamiento de la posguerra a la apertura de los años sesenta, hace que podamos establecer diferentes edades en la obra de Francisco de Asís Cabrero según el material y las herramientas que utiliza.Palabras claveFrancisco Cabrero, arquitectura, instrumentos, material, estructura, herramientas

Diagnóstico de factores de riesgo relacionados con la accidentabilidad de mano en trabajadores de una empresa refresquera Diagnostic of risk factor related to the accidentes of hand in workers of solf-drinks industry

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Gabriela Betzabé Pérez-Manriquez

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Con el propósito de que se profundice en el reconocimiento de factores de riesgos derivados de este tipo de empresas y de estas actividades específicamente, para que se prevengan y minimicen los efectos a la salud de forma integral al interior de las empresas, el presente trabajo pretende determinar los factores de riesgo potencialmente relacionados con los accidentes de mano. Objetivos: Determinar los factores de riesgo relacionados con los accidentes en mano para identificar que permitan disminuir la posibilidad de accidentes de mano mediante la modificación, eliminación y/o control de los factores presentes. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y longitudinal llevado a cabo en la población trabajadora del área de ventas, compuesta por 206 ayudantes y 81 agentes, de una Cooperativa productora Bebidas frutales de la Ciudad de México, en el periodo de 2007-2009. Se empleo el Método de Freeman Modificado para el Diagnóstico Situacional. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo relacionados con accidentes de mano identificados y jerarquizados son: en primer lugar los psicosociales derivados de Organización Laboral (ritmo acelerado de la actividad y la Condición Insegura (traslado del personal en la defensa trasera del camión; en segundo lugar se encontraron los Ergonómicos (movimientos repetitivos, manejo manual de cargas, junto con el Acto Inseguro (omisión del uso del equipo de protección personal, y la Condición Insegura (tipo de unidad, puerta y material transportado; y falta de capacitación; finalmente en tercer lugar los psicosociales de Organización Laboral (jornada indefinida mínima de 8 horas máxima de 14 y Condición Insegura (objetos punzocortantes en cajas. Conclusiones: Los accidentes de mano constituyen un problema de salud pública importante a nivel nacional e internacional. Es de suma importancia identificar los factores de riesgo que se relacionan con su génesis como son: los factores

La explotación de la mano de obra esclava en el Mediterráneo cristiano bajomedieval desde el observatorio catalano-aragonés

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Roser Salicrú I Lluch

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En tierras cristianas, la esclavitud medieval fue fundamentalmente un fenómeno urbano y mediterráneo que se difundió a partir de mediados del siglo XIV, tras la Peste Negra. Desde entonces, el perfil del esclavo-cautivo musulmán previamente dominante se diluyó, en beneficio de los esclavos y esclavas de procedencia oriental que invadieron de forma masiva los mercados de los grandes puertos mercantiles. Actualmente, se ha podido demostrar que, en las ciudades donde el fenómeno tuvo más impacto, los esclavos y esclavas estuvieron en manos de propietarios de cualquier sector socio-profesional no marginal. En cambio, se ha prestado poca atención a la inserción social y laboral del esclavo y ha tendido a asociarse demasiado mecánicamente el perfil de los propietarios de esclavos al aprovechamiento de la fuerza de trabajo servil. Los propietarios de esclavos no los concibieron estricta ni necesariamente como mano de obra a su servicio: tanto a través de su cesión a terceros como asalariados y de la capitalización de sus jornales, como mediante su redención por medio del sistema de la talla (que podía duplicar o incluso cuadriplicar el precio de compra y aseguraba una renta a los antiguos propietarios, la adquisición de un esclavo era una inversión rentable y amortizable a corto plazo. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de evidencias directas, sonsacadas de libros de obra de arquitectura civil y eclesiástica y de fuentes contables de la construcción naval, que ponen de manifiesto que el aprovechamiento asalariado de la mano de obra servil masculina fue mucho más generalizado de lo que las fuentes mayormente empleadas para el estudio de la esclavitud medieval en tierras cristianas (notariales habían dejado entrever. En ocasiones, pueden documentarse auténticas brigadas de esclavos asalariados que realizan tareas no especializadas y que precisan del uso de la fuerza bruta. Los hombres esclavos fueron explotados, fundamentalmente

Evaluación de la exposición al riesgo por vibraciones en el segmento mano brazo en compañías del sector metalmecánico

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Giovanni de Jesús Arias-Castro

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio consistió en la medición y evaluación de las aceleraciones originadas por herramientas vibrátiles tales como: pulidoras, amoladoras, taladros, entre otras, y su comparación con los límites de exposición permisibles registrados en la norma ISO 5349 de 2002 para el segmento corporal mano brazo. El estudio se desarrolló en cuatro (4 empresas del sector metalmecánico de la Ciudad de Cali, que inicialmente obligó a realizar una visita preliminar con el fin de seleccionar los procesos y herramientas e identificar las personas expuestas. Desde el punto de vista físico y fisiológico, los componentes estudiados fueron: la aceleración, velocidad y amplitud que son los parámetros asociados a vibraciones, además de la dirección en términos vectoriales, según la postura del segmento corporal involucrado y el grado de compromiso de los sistemas biomecánicos y fisiológicos del ser humano. A través del estudio se pudo evidenciar que las evaluaciones realizadas a 15 tipos de herramientas no sobrepasaron los límites permisibles de exposición establecidos en la Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales Gubernamentales de los Estados Unidos ACGIH 2014, que corresponde a 2. 8 m/s². En la Empresa A, se pudo establecer que el nivel de aceleración más elevado lo presentó la Pulidora Dewalt con un valor de 0. 796571 m/s², para la Empresa B, en el caso del mismo equipo presentó una aceleración de 0. 6653 m/s², en el caso de la Empresa C, la aceleración más significativa la presentó una Pulidora Bosh con una aceleración de 0. 5857 m/s², por último, en la Empresa D con una aceleración de 0,4048 m/s², la Esmeriladora. En el artículo se realiza un resumen de los conceptos más importantes relacionados con vibraciones en el segmento corporal mano brazo, así como de los equipos y herramientas utilizados para su respectiva medición y evaluación.

From Agents to Consulado: Commercial Networks in Colonial Mexico, 1520-1590 and Beyond

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Studnicki-Gizbert, Daviken

2000-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo pretende ser una revisión de las interpretaciones que ven en las relaciones entre los mercaderes de la Nueva España y los de Sevilla una subordinación más amplia del comercio colonial bajo el dominio del comercio metropolitano. El trabajo muestra cómo un conjunto de factores permitieron la constitución de una clase autónoma de mercaderes centrados en la ciudad de México. Primero, la reconfiguración del monopolio sevillano frente a los problemas planteados por la distancia y las estructuras de comunicación. Segundo, la creación de mercados de crédito y bienes controlados por instituciones y grupos novohispanos: un proceso que iba mano a mano con el desarrollo de la economia colonial. Tercero, la búsqueda de apoyos políticos e institucionales para mejorar los intereses de los mercaderes novohispanos. El trabajo termina examinando las consecuencias del ascenso de esos mercaderes para la relación entre colonia y metrópoli a finales del siglo XVI.

Método OMO para a organización de la mano de obra

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Pezzi Peñalver, Fernando

1976-06-01

Full Text Available The present method has been used by the Instituto Nacional de Industria in several works. It is applicable practically to all types of works provided that they are not too small. The aim is to organize the tasks of the workers on the sites. First the entire work is divided into pieces or sections and then these are subdivided into tasks that the various bodies have to carry out. For this purpose, a small technical team is needed, to carry out the division into sections and finally to inspect how this has been executed. In this manner it is possible to improve the execution quality, reduce the costs of the work, make it easier to accomplish the work within the set out time and to improve the workers' income. This method does not include the elaboration of the working plan, or the needs for workers; or the needs for machinery and materials or the quality control of these nor any aspect of the work that is not closely related to the aim. All these aspects are supposed to be established and regulated by other procedures.El presente método ha sido empleado por el Instituto Nacional de Industria en varias de sus obras. Es aplicable, prácticamente, a toda clase de obras, con tal de que no sean demasiado pequeñas. Su objeto es organizar el trabajo del personal obrero de las obras. Consiste en dividir previamente toda la obra en trozos o «fracciones», y estos trozos, a su vez, en los trabajos que los distintos gremios habrán de realizar en ellos. Para su funcionamiento es necesario un pequeño equipo técnico, que realiza el «troceado» previo, y después revisa los trabajos realizados. Se consigue mejorar la calidad de la ejecución, reducir el coste de la obra, facilitar el cumplimiento del plazo y mejorar los ingresos del personal obrero. Este método no incluye la elaboración del plan de obra, ni la aportación de las necesidades de mano de obra, maquinaría y materiales, ni el control de calidad de estos últimos, ni

Programas de mano de la Biblioteca Nacional de Cuba José Martí: Experiencias de trabajo en su gestión, recuperación y utilización de la tecnología para lograr su interoperabilidad = Programs of hand of the Biblioteca Nacional de Cuba José Martí: Experiences of work in its management, recovery and use of the technology to achieve its interoperability

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Amparo Hernández Barrios

2017-06-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se exponen las experiencias alcanzadas e influencias que ha tenido las nuevas estrategias organizacionales y rediseño informático de la BNCJM en el trabajo con los programas de mano de la institución. Se abordan aspectos relacionados al cambio que ha ocurrido en el tratamiento de la colección, de fondos bibliográficos a colección archivística, según las características de los programas de mano. Se sugiere el software ICA-AtoM como solución para la representación de estos documentos y se exponen algunas funcionalidades en cuanto a exportaciones/importaciones del software que posibilitan la interoperabilidad con el Sistema de Gestión Bibliográfico Koha. Programas de mano Interoperabilidad Representación Tecnología Descripción Biblioteca Nacional de Cuba José Martí = This article presents the experiences and influences that have had the new organizational strategies and computer redesign of the BNCJM in the work with the hand programs of the institution. It deals with aspects related to the change that has occurred in the treatment of the collection, from bibliographical collections to archival collection, according to the characteristics of the hand programs. The ICA-AtoM software is suggested as a solution for the representation of these documents and some functionalities in terms of exports / imports of the software that allow the interoperability with the Koha Bibliographic Management System are presented. Hand programs Interoperability Representation Technology Description National Library of Cuba José Martí.

Style and ideology: The cold war 'blend' in Greece

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Romanu Keti

2008-01-01

Full Text Available This paper describes cultural policy in Greece from the end of World War II up to the fall of the junta of colonels in 1974. The writer's object is to show how the Cold War favoured defeated Western countries, which participated effectively in the globalisation of American culture, as in the Western world de-nazification was transformed into a purge of communism. Using the careers of three composers active in communist resistance organizations as examples (Iannis Xenakis, Mikis Theodorakis and Alecos Xenos, the writer describes the repercussions of this phenomenon in Greek musical life and creativity.

Mejora de la calidad y disminución de costos de censos y encuestas utilizando computadores de mano (PDA. Una aplicación en Costa Rica

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Antich-Montero, Daniel

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Los datos sobre la población en países en desarrollo se obtienen principalmente de las visitas a los hogares. Ejércitos de entrevistadores recolectan esos datos usando cuestionarios en papel (PAPI, paper and pencil method, pero tal información se infesta de errores no aleatorios. La reciente tecnología de las entrevistas asistidas por computadora (CAPI es un avance importante sobre PAPI en lo que respecta a reducción de errores y los tiempos de espera en la disponibilidad de los datos. Pero la tecnología CAPI ha sido de difícil implementación en los países en desarrollo debido a restricciones ergonómicas, costos y delincuencia asociada a las computadoras portátiles (laptops. Por esto, el Centro Centroamericano de Población (CCP ha desarrollado un sistema CAPI para PDA (Personal Digital Assistant o computadora de mano, que podría revolucionar la forma en que los datos son obtenidos, reduciendo el fraude, errores, tiempos y costos incluso para encuestas complejas. Este artículo reporta las lecciones aprendidas de usar este sistema en el estudio CRELES en Costa Rica.

Mejora de la calidad y disminución de costos de censos y encuestas utilizando computadores de mano (PDA. Una aplicación en Costa Rica

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Jeisson Hidalgo-Céspedes

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Los datos sobre la población en países en desarrollo se obtienen principalmente de las visitas a los hogares. Ejércitos de entrevistadores recolectan esos datos usando cuestionarios en papel (PAPI, paper and pencil method, pero tal información se infesta de errores no aleatorios. La reciente tecnología de las entrevistas asistidas por computadora (CAPI es un avance importante sobre PAPI en lo que respecta a reducción de errores y los tiempos de espera en la disponibilidad de los datos. Pero la tecnología CAPI ha sido de difícil implementación en los países en desarrollo debido a restricciones ergonómicas, costos y delincuencia asociada a las computadoras portátiles (laptops. Por esto, el CCP ha desarrollado un sistema CAPI para PDA (Personal Digital Assistant o computadora de mano, que podría revolucionar la forma en que los datos son obtenidos, reduciendo el fraude, errores, tiempos y costos incluso para encuestas complejas. Este artículo reporta las lecciones aprendidas de usar este sistema en el estudio CRELES en Costa Rica.

Validación de la prueba de dibujo del reloj - versión de Manos - como prueba de cribado para detectar demencia en una población adulta mayor de Lima, Perú Validation of the clock drawing test - Manos´ version - as a screening test for detection of dementia in older persons of Lima, Peru

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Nilton Custodio

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción. La prueba de dibujo del reloj versión de Manos (PDR-M es un instrumento de evaluación cognitiva breve para la detección de demencia. Objetivos. Evaluar la validez y confiabilidad de la PDR-M para discriminar entre pacientes con demencia y sujetos controles sanos. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron sujetos mayores de 65 años de edad, excluyendo los que presentaban enfermedades concomitantes graves y con dificultades auditivas o visuales. Se recogieron datos demográficos y se les realizó PDR-M y Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE. A los individuos del grupo de demencia se les realizó además evaluaciones clínicas, de laboratorio, neuropsicológicas y tomografía cerebral. Se calculó la sensibilidad y especificidad de la PDR-M así como el área bajo la curva ROC. Resultados. Se evaluó 210 individuos, 103 con diagnóstico confirmado de demencia y 107 controles sanos, con edad y sexo similares en ambos grupos; y mayor nivel educativo en el grupo control. Estableciendo un punto de corte de 7 se obtuvo una sensibilidad de 99,0% y una especificidad de 83,5%. Cuando se compararon las áreas bajo la curva ROC de la PDR-M y del MMSE no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Conclusiones. La PDR-M es un instrumento breve y confiable para la detección de demencia en la población urbana de Lima en el Perú.Introduction. The clock drawing test (PDR-M - Manos´ version - is a brief cognitive assessment tool for dementia detection. Objectives. To assess the validity and reliability of the PDR-M to discriminate between patients with dementia and healthy control subjects. Materials and methods. We evaluated subjects over 65 years of age, excluding those with severe concomitant diseases and those with hearing or visual impairment. We obtained demographic data and performed the PDR-M and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE. Subjects of the dementia group were also submitted to clinical, laboratory and neuropsychological evaluations

Relación entre el fenómeno de la ilusión de la mano falsa y variables personales

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Gina Rodríguez-Melgarejo

2015-07-01

Full Text Available El fenómeno de la ilusión de la mano falsa (IMF se ha propuesto como un diseño que permite discriminar procesos perceptuales a partir de entradas sensoriales multimodales. Se han reportado varias modificaciones y variables que podrían afectar la generación del fenómeno. Este estudio se planteó bajo un diseño descriptivo-correlacional del fenómeno. Se realizó el procedimiento en jóvenes (16-48 años M = 20.86 años, DE = 4.4 colombianos para replicar el fenómeno de IMF. Los sujetos se dividieron al azar en dos grupos que diferían en el tipo de estimulación (sincrónica y desincronizada. La identificación de la IMF se realizó mediante la escala reportada en múltiples estudios, mostrando que en algunas variables como la estimulación se presentaba una diferencia en el reporte de IMF (P2. χ2 = 5.856: p < 0.05; P3. χ2 = 6.655: p < 0.01 y P7 (χ2 = 4.764: p < 0.05. Otras variables como sexo y dominancia manual mostraron algunas diferencias. La escala presenta una consistencia interna aceptable (α = 0.8. Los resultados de la IMF son similares a algunos estudios pero con puntuaciones menores que en los estudios iniciales, la diferencia en cuanto al género en tareas perceptuales podría explicar gran parte de los resultados.

The Relation Between Distance Education Students' Motivation And Satisfaction

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Dimitrios GOULIMARIS

2015-04-01

Full Text Available The aim of the present study, within the frame of self-determination theory (SDT, was triple: a to examine the structural validity of the “Situational Motivation Scale” (SIMS in the field of distance education, b to investigate the correlation between the subscales of the motivation and satisfaction of students who attend distance education classes and c to examine the possibility of predicting the subscales of satisfaction from the subscales of motivation in the open and distance education. The sample consisted of 144 students who participated in the course of “Arts II: Overview of Greek Music and Dance” of the Hellenic Open University. For the purposes of the study, two scales were used: a The modified Greek version (Papaioannou et al., 2007 of the “Situational Motivation Scale” (SIMS (Guay et al., 2000, b The modified Greek version (Theodorakis, & Bebetsos, 2003; Bebetsos, & Theodorakis, 2003 of the “Scale of Satisfaction” (Chelladurai & Riemer, 1997. The results of the research are considered positive for the adjustment of the instrument measuring the motivation of students in distance education. Identified regulation and intrinsic motivation presented high values, as much as the two subscales of satisfaction: personal outcome and leadership. Extrinsic motivation presented middle levels and the subscale amotivation, very low levels. The subscale personal outcome is connected positively to the self-determined forms of motivation and negatively to those which are less self-determined. Finally, it has been found that intrinsic motivation and amotivation are subscales which predict personal outcome and leadership. In conclusion, the findings of this research allow a better understanding of the motivation process, which explains the satisfaction of the students, while attending a class.

THE RELATION BETWEEN DISTANCE EDUCATION STUDENTS MOTIVATION AND SATISFACTION

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Dimitrios GOULIMARIS

2015-04-01

Full Text Available The aim of the present study, within the frame of self-determination theory (SDT, was triple: a to examine the structural validity of the “Situational Motivation Scale” (SIMS in the field of distance education, b to investigate the correlation between the subscales of the motivation and satisfaction of students who attend distance education classes and c to examine the possibility of predicting the subscales of satisfaction from the subscales of motivation in the open and distance education. The sample consisted of 144 students who participated in the course of “Arts II: Overview of Greek Music and Dance” of the Hellenic Open University. For the purposes of the study, two scales were used: a The modified Greek version (Papaioannou et al., 2007 of the “Situational Motivation Scale” (SIMS (Guay et al., 2000, b The modified Greek version (Theodorakis, & Bebetsos, 2003; Bebetsos, & Theodorakis, 2003 of the “Scale of Satisfaction” (Chelladurai & Riemer, 1997. The results of the research are considered positive for the adjustment of the instrument measuring the motivation of students in distance education. Identified regulation and intrinsic motivation presented high values, as much as the two subscales of satisfaction: personal outcome and leadership. Extrinsic motivation presented middle levels and the subscale amotivation, very low levels. The subscale personal outcome is connected positively to the self-determined forms of motivation and negatively to those which are less self-determined. Finally, it has been found that intrinsic motivation and amotivation are subscales which predict personal outcome and leadership. In conclusion, the findings of this research allow a better understanding of the motivation process, which explains the satisfaction of the students, while attending a class.

Producción y mano de obra en las haciendas jesuíticas del Buenos Aires colonial: La Chacarita y Las Conchas en el siglo XVIII

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Olivero Guidobono, Sandra

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The haciendas La Chacarita and Las Conchas, located at the Pago de la Costa in the Buenos Aires countryside, were destined to provide the supplies to the Major College of San Ignacio and to supply the regional market. The exploitation of these lands followed the basic pattern of other Jesuit properties in the territory: it combined stock raising, craft industry and grain production. This paper analyses the level of output of these haciendas and the role of the slave workforce, paying special attention to its structure and components.

Situadas en el Pago de la Costa, en la campaña bonaerense, las haciendas de La Chacarita y Las Conchas, estaban destinadas a proveer de recursos al Colegio Grande de San Ignacio y a abastecer a un mercado regional. La producción en estas tierras, reproducía el esquema básico de otras propiedades jesuíticas de la Gobernación: combinaba la producción ganadera con la artesanal y el cultivo del cereal. El presente trabajo analiza el grado de producción de estas haciendas y la importancia del empleo de mano de obra esclava, atendiendo especialmente a su estructura y composición.

Intermediación en el mercado laboral de mano de obra inmigrante extranjera en la región de Murcia: el caso de las empresas de trabajo temporal

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Juan Carlos Andreo Tudela

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo, enfocado como un estudio de caso, aborda la intermediación laboral a través de las empresas de trabajo temporal (ETT en un contexto geográfi co concreto, la Región de Murcia, y con una población específi ca, las personas inmigrantes extranjeras. La especialización que las ETT de la Región de Murcia han experimentado en el sector agrícola con la gestión de la mano de obra inmigrante extranjera supone un ejemplo de efi ciencia sin parangón en la intermediación laboral en España, una experiencia que merece ser objeto de estudio para su posible traslación a otros sectores de actividad y contextos geográfi cos, así como a otras entidades de intermediación públicas. Ello no debe obviar la necesaria crítica sobre la calidad del empleo que promueven las ETT, caracterizado en el caso que nos ocupa por ser contratos de muy corta duración y sin apenas continuidad en el tiempo.

Acessibilidade da estrutura física hospitalar para a prática da higienização das mãos Accesibilidad de la estructura física para la práctica hospitalaria de higiene de las manos Accessibility of the infrastructure for the hospital practice of hand hygiene

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Maria Fernanda do Prado

2013-06-01

Full Text Available A higienização das mãos é o procedimento mais simples e eficaz na prevenção e controle das infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde. Contudo, a adesão a esta prática é excessivamente baixa. Considera-se a infraestrutura inadequada dos serviços de saúde um dos fatores relacionados à baixa adesão. Diante disso, conduziu-se um estudo observacional e transversal para avaliar a infraestrutura hospitalar para a prática da higienização das mãos. Os sujeitos e a fonte de informação foram médicos, enfermeiros e a estrutura das unidades de um hospital da região noroeste do Paraná. Utilizou-se para a coleta de dados um instrumento estruturado e, para a análise, a estatística descritiva. Os insumos e equipamentos, tais como pias e dispensadores para a prática da higienização das mãos, eram limitados. Existem falhas na infraestrutura para a prática da higienização das mãos, o que pode comprometer a qualidade da assistência e a segurança do paciente.La higiene de las manos es el procedimiento más simples y eficaz en la prevención y control de las infecciones relacionadas con el cuidado de la salud. Sin embargo, la adhesión a esta práctica es muy baja. Se considera la infraestructura inadecuada de los servicios de salud como uno de los factores relacionados con la falta de adherencia. Por lo tanto, se realizó un estudio observacional transversal para evaluar la infraestructura hospitalaria para la práctica de la higiene de las manos. Los sujetos y las fuentes de información eran médicos, enfermeras y la estructura de las unidades de un hospital en el noroeste de Paraná. Se utilizó, para la recolección de datos, un instrumento estructurado y, para el análisis, la estadística descriptiva. Los suministros y equipamientos, tales como lavabos y dispensadores para la práctica de la higiene de las manos era limitada. Hay deficiencias en la infraestructura para la práctica de la higiene de las manos que pueden

Demanda de mano de obra y rentabilidad de bancos forrajeros en Esparza, Costa Rica Labor demand and profitability of fodder banks in Esparza, Costa Rica

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Luz Yaneth Sánchez Sarmiento

2010-07-01

Full Text Available En Esparza (Costa Rica se evaluó la viabilidad de invertir en bancos forrajeros (BF como alternativa de suplementación para vacas en sistema doble propósito durante la época seca (125 días. Se usaron como indicadores de rentabilidad el Valor Presente Neto (VPN y la Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR. Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad para el incremento del precio de la leche, los concentrados, la gallinaza y la mano de obra. Los modelos se elaboraron comparando los BF de plantas leñosas perennes de corte y acarreo de Cratylia argentea + caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum (BFC y de ramoneo Leucaena leucocephala (BFL vs. suplementos comerciales tipos concentrado y gallinaza. En los BFC se requirieron 71.1 jornales/año y el análisis financiero indicó que son rentables al compararlos con la gallinaza (VPN = US$362.2, TIR = 17% y concentrados (VPN = US$1953.9; TIR=39%. En BFL se requirieron 13 jornales/año y fueron igualmente rentables en comparación con gallinaza (VPN = US$1594.7; TIR = 21% y con concentrados (VPN = US$3619.6; TIR=35%. Los modelos fueron sensibles a la producción y cambios de precios en la leche, gallinaza, concentrados y el valor del jornal. Los BF son una buena alternativa para la suplementación de ganado en la época seca y una importante fuente de empleo en la región; sin embargo, los altos costos de la mano de obra contratada pueden limitar la adopción.We made a financial analysis in order to assess the feasibility to invest in Fodder Banks as an alternative for supplementing animals in dual purpose systems during the dry season (125 days. Models were constructed to compare cutting and carrying of perennial woody fodder banks (Veranera Cratylia argentea + sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum and browsing fodder banks of Leucaena leucocephala with two supplements: concentrates and chicken manure. The indicators used for the financial evaluation of the systems were Net Present Value (NPV and Internal Return Rate

Las manos derechas del Estado y el capital guerrero: una etnografía de los aparatos represivos frente al fenómeno de las bandas juveniles en la España contemporánea

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Luca Queirolo Palmas

2014-03-01

Full Text Available En España el asunto de las bandas es un objeto-problema que desde 2003 instituye y anticipa la producción de un discurso público sobre la juventud de origen migrante;  un hecho social y una narrativa mediática que permiten fijar el carácter “peligroso” de nuevos sujetos circulantes en el espacio urbano y vincularlos con una etnicidad supuestamente definitoria (las bandas latinas. A partir de 2004, la mano derecha del Estado se dedica a vigilar, castigar, corregir estas categorías de jóvenes. El artículo pretende explorar la relación entre la producción de las bandas como objeto y problema social y el uso de un capital guerrero por parte de las instituciones penales-policiales en el tentativo de hacer desaparecer  estas formas de agrupaciones callejeras. La base empírica del texto se sustenta en una larga experiencia de trabajo etnográfico realizado entre las bandas policiales y las bandas callejeras en Madrid y Barcelona.

El tratamiento jurídico de las migraciones internacionales a través de las regulaciones globalistas de gestión de mano de obra (The Legal Treatment of International Migrations Through Globalized Labour Management Regulation

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Iker Barbero González

2011-05-01

Full Text Available This article deals with the emerging global tendency to regulate international migrations, not by regarding a universal humanitarian and labour Law, but according to neoliberal normative production standards: flexibility, informality, governance… Supranational institutions such as the WTO, the IOM or the EU are establishing normative agreements (GATS, the NAFTA, the EEC… that regulate migrations as labour and in profit of the global markets. The new contractual models become fragmented titles that recognize rights as immigrant workers and not as a persons or human beings, placing in a legal limbo those who migrate outside the established mechanisms and that not meet the qualification requirements of the global workforce. This text is addressed to the analysis of the categorization of migrants as disposable labour in the global management of the flows.Este texto está dedicado al análisis de la categorización del migrante como mera “mano de obra” en la gestión global de los flujos. Existe una tendencia global a regular las migraciones, no desde un Derecho formal universal, sino desde lo que podría ser denominado en sentido amplio “Soft Law”. Así, las distintas normas que, a nivel mundial, se encargan de ordenar las migraciones son creadas de acuerdo a los criterios de producción jurídica característicos de la etapa contemporánea de globalización neoliberal: flexibilidad, informalidad, descentralización, gobernanza, etc. Instituciones supranacionales como la OIM, la OMC o la Unión Europea (con la intervención de los Estados nación o sin ella establecen estándares normativos (el AGCS o GATS, el TLCNA, la Blue Card, etc, mediante los cuales se regulan los flujos de migrantes atendiendo a las necesidades del mercado mundial. Los nuevos modelos contractuales se convierten en títulos fragmentados reconocedores de derechos en tanto que trabajador inmigrante y no como persona o ser humano, situando de esta manera, en un penoso

Tecnología empresarial y redes

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Sally Burch

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Si bien la informática tuvo sus orígenes en el ámbito militar, es en los negocios que ha desplegado su mayor desarrollo. En el mundo empresarial la influencia del "networking" ha trastornado los viejos esquemas de funcionamiento. Las necesidades de flujo informativo, combinado con una mano de obra más calificada y con mayores expectativas personales, hace que los antiguos esquemas burocráticos y centralistas no rendían los resultados esperados.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de la falange distal bífida por traumatismo de mano en la infancia Tratamento cirurgico de falange distal bifida pós traumatismo de mão na infância Surgical treatment of distal bifid phalanx post of hand trauma in childhood

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F. Passos da Rocha

2011-03-01

Full Text Available La extremidad distal de los dedos es la parte de la mano que más frecuentemente se lesiona. Las principales complicaciones que pueden derivar de ese tipo de lesiones traumáticas incluyen: infecciones, retracciones de la piel, deformidades óseas y amputaciones. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el tratamiento quirúrgico seguido en un pacientes de 16 años que sufrió traumatismo sobre la falange distal del segundo dedo de la mano derecha a los 2 años de edad, a consecuencia del cual se produjo deformidad ósea y falange bífida asociada a retracción de la piel en el punto de la lesión.A extremidade distal dos dedos é a parte da mão mais freqüentemente lesionada. As principais complicações que podem ocorrer como conseqüências dessas lesões traumáticas incluem: as infecções, as retrações da pele, as deformidades ósseas e as amputações. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o tratamento cirúrgico de um paciente de 16 anos que sofreu um trauma na falange distal do segundo dedo da mão direita aos dois anos de idade, resultando em deformidade óssea e falange distal bífida associada a retração de pele no local onde ocorreu a lesão.The distal extremity of the fingers of the hand is the most frequently injured. The main complications that can occur as a result of these traumatic injuries include: infections, retraction of the skin, bone deformities and amputations. This article aims to report the surgical treatment of a 16 years old patient who suffered a trauma in the distal phalanx of the second finger of right hand when he was 2 years old, resulting in bone deformity and distal phalanx bifid associated with retraction of the skin at the site where the injury occurred.

Estudio comparativo del tiro: balonkorf con dos manos; baloncesto con una mano

OpenAIRE

García Pérez, Leontino

1982-01-01

Hace cuatro años, por motivos profesionales, llegué a Estepona, villa malagueña de la Costa del Sol; (lugar donde resido). En dicha zona conocí un deporte nuevo para mí, un deporte nuevo pero que tenía características parecidas a deportes conocidos y con el gran atractivo de ser un deporte mixto, y por esta causa lo podían jugar todos los alumnos de una clase, grupos de amigos, familiares, etc. La práctica del Balonkorf en la Costa del Sol y especialmente en los municipios de Estepona, F...

Revisão sistemática sobre antissepsia cirúrgica das mãos com preparação alcoólica em comparação aos produtos tradicionais Revisión sistemática sobre antisepsia quirúrgica de manos con preparación alcohólica comparada a productos tradicionales A systematic review of surgical hand antisepsis utilizing an alcohol preparation compared to traditional products

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Karen de Jesus Gonçalves

2012-12-01

Full Text Available A antissepsia cirúrgica das mãos visa à prevenção de infecções do sítio cirúrgico, importante causa de morbimortalidade pós-operatória e aumento dos custos hospitalares. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a eficácia de preparações alcoólicas com os produtos tradicionais na antissepsia cirúrgica das mãos por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Foram considerados estudos primários ou secundários, tendo como desfecho a contagem microbiana das mãos ou taxas de infecções do sítio cirúrgico. A busca foi realizada no Portal BVS, PubMed, Ask e MEDLINE. Foram selecionados 25 estudos (2 revisões sistemáticas, 19 experimentais e 4 de coorte. As preparações alcoólicas tiveram uma redução microbiana igual e/ou maior aos produtos tradicionais em 17 estudos e inferior em 4; as taxas de infecções do sítio cirúrgico foram similares. Portanto, existem evidências científicas que suportam a segurança das preparações alcoólicas para antissepsia cirúrgica das mãos.La antisepsia quirúrgica de manos apunta a prevenir infecciones en el sitio quirúrgico, causa importante de morbi-mortalidad postoperatoria y aumento de costos hospitalarios. El estudio objetivó comparar la eficacia de preparaciones alcohólicas con los productos tradicionales de la antisepsia quirúrgica de manos, mediante revisión sistemática de la literatura. Fueron considerados estudios primarios o secundarios, teniendo como objetivo el recuento microbiano en manos o tasas de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico. La búsqueda fue realizada en las bases BVS, PubMed, Ask y MEDLINE. Fueron seleccionados 25 estudios (2 revisiones sistemáticas, 19 experimentales y 4 de cohorte. Las preparaciones alcohólicas consiguieron una reducción microbiana igual y/o mayor que los productos tradicionales en 17 estudios, e inferior en 4; las tasas de infección del sitio quirúrgico fueron equivalentes. Por lo tanto, existen evidencias científicas que dan

From dismantling to current scenario in Galician mano commun mountains

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Francisco García Quiroga

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Common mountains are, like seeds, folklore or free software, good examples of commons. They all count on a community to autonomously manage a good in a collaborative manner by establishing rules to guarantee its sustainability. Common mountains in Galicia represent a property modality and goods management breaking the classic dichotomy of pubic against private, by introducing a collective property alternative. The specificity of these mountains is determined by the fact that the holders of the property right are the regular inhabitants of the land; besides, it is important to stress how these communities have been able to create the rules to guarantee the sustainability of this good. Despite the inherent importance of this modality of commons, a process of dismantling has taken place for a long time with the goal of privatizing these goals. This process was reflected in the shortening of the area of these 18.000 mountains from between 1.8 and 2 millions of hectares in Galicia to the current 640.000 hectares. With the analysis of the commons we can understand how communities can assume co responsibility in the sustainability of goods and how this modality is perfectly viable. The study of these goods brings us closer to the idea of new models in social relations and mutual support networks are possible.

Ciudades hechas a mano

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Andreatta, Verena

2014-01-01

Favelas, tugurios, pueblos jóvenes, villas miseria, villas de emergencia, barriadas de ranchitos... son los nombres que reciben los asentamientos marginales en Brasil, Perú, Argentina, Colombia y Venezuela; diversos apelativos y la misma imagen tópica de la pobreza y de la construcción informal de los barrios populares en América Latina. Se trata de un fenómeno que surgió unánimemente en el paisaje urbano de este continente hace casi un siglo, y que tiene su expresión análoga en todas las gra...

Titanium pigment in tissues of drug addicts: report of 5 necropsied cases Pigmento de titânio em tecidos de toxicômanos: relatos de cinco casos necropsiados

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Marcus Aurelho de Lima

2004-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this report is to describe the anatomic-pathologic findings from necropsies of 5 drug addicts with titanium pigment in several organs after chronic intravenous injection of crushed propoxyphene hydrochloride tablets. Samples from liver, spleen, lungs, lymph nodes, and bone marrow were obtained, and after being grossly studied, they were submitted to evaluation using common light and polarized microscopy. In all 5 cases, a pigment with characteristics of titanium dioxide was found within tissue samples of the organs studied. Our findings suggest that research concerning titanium pigment within body tissues should be enhanced, considering the potential contribution of this morphologic data to forensic pathology.O objetivo deste relato é descrever os achados anatomopatológicos de cinco casos de toxicômanos com pigmento de titânio em vários órgãos, após injeção de comprimidos esmagados de cloridrato de propoxifeno. Foram obtidos fragmentos do fígado, baço, pulmões, linfonodos e medula óssea e, após a avaliação macroscópica, amostras foram submetidas à microscopia de luz comum e de luz polarizada. Em todos os cinco casos, foi encontrado um pigmento com características de dióxido de titânio nas amostras dos órgãos estudados. Nossos achados sugerem que a pesquisa sobre pigmento de titânio em tecidos corporais deva ser complementada, considerando-se a contribuição de dados morfológicos em Patologia Forense.

Memorias del proyecto cultural Agua: un patrimonio que circula de mano en mano

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Sandra Concha Roldan

2013-09-01

Full Text Available El interés de Banco de la República en trabajar un proyecto cultural sobre el agua tiene varios orígenes. Las inundaciones del 2010 le recordaron a Colombia que pase lo que pase, el agua vuelve a su cauce y recuerda su camino. Esos cauces se organizan en cuencas hidrográficas que conectan y estructuran la vida de quienescomparten el territorio. Las cuencas unen y afectan sin atender a las fronteras políticas y por ello la sostenibilidad del agua es una responsabilidad compartida, su mal uso nos afecta a todos y su futuro es una responsabilidad prioritaria del presente.

Qualidade da higienização das mãos de profissionais atuantes em unidades básicas de saúde Calidad de la higienización de las manos de profesionales actuantes en unidades básicas de salud Quality of hand sanitation of active professionals in basic health units

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Lindsay Locks

2011-09-01

Full Text Available O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade de higienização das mãos de profissionais. A pesquisa foi conduzida em todas as Unidades Básicas de Saúde de dez municípios da Região Sul de Santa Catarina em 2008. Foi Estudo epidemiológico transversal, desenvolvido com a observação de 369 profissionais da saúde. Realizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado para verificar associação de variáveis sócio-demográficas e formação com o desempenho dos profissionais. Durante os procedimentos cirúrgicos apenas 30,7% dos profissionais realizaram a higienização correta das mãos. Enquanto nos procedimentos clínicos o percentual foi 31,7%. Constatou-se que, durante as cirurgias, os profissionais de nível superior realizaram melhor a higienização das mãos do que os de nível médio (pObjeto del estudio es determinar el estándar de la higienización de las manos de profesionales activos en Unidades Básicas de salud en diez municipios de la Región Sur de Santa Catarina, Brasil, en 2008. Trata de una investigación epidemiológica transversal, desarrollado con la observación de 369 profesionales de la salud. Fueron realizados testes de asociación (Qui-cuadrado control asociación de variables sócio-demograficas y formación, nivel de significación 5%. Durante procedimientos quirúrgicos apenas 30,7% de los profesionales realizan la higienización correcta de las manos. Mientras en los procedimientos clínicos el porcentaje fue 31,7%. Con teste de asociación constato que el nivel de formación se inió a el desempeño de los profesionales que realizaron los procedimientos quirúrgicos, en cuanto los profesionales de edad superior 35 años presentan mejor desempeño en los procedimientos clínicos. Concluyó que menos de un tercio de los profesionales observo estaba realizando correctamente la higienización de las manos.The study aims to evalue the quality of hand hygiene of professionals who worked in Basic Healthcare Units in ten cities in

Bacteria on the hands of school-age children at a Pediatric Hospitalization Unit Bacterias presentes en las manos de los niños en edad escolar en la Unidad de Internación Pediátrica Bactérias presentes nas mãos dos meninos em idade escolar na unidade de internação pediátrica

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Marcela Cristina Candido De Almeida

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Objective. To estimate the prevalence of bacteria isolated in samples from the hands of school-age children at a hospitalization unit. Methodology. In 2009, strains were cultured from the hands of 90 school-age children at the pediatric hospitalization unit of Hospital Estadual Bauru (São Paulo, Brazil. After culture of the samples, the isolated bacteria were identified. Results. In 98% of the samples taken from the children, bacteria were isolated. Coagulase-negative Staphilococcus was isolated in 64% of the samples, followed by Staphilococcus aureus (5% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1%. Conclusion. In most of the samples from the children's hands, bacteria were isolated. Therefore, educative actions about hygiene habits in- and outside the hospital environment should be reinforced, aimed at children and their companions.Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de bacterias aisladas en las manos de los niños en edad escolar en una unidad de internación. Metodología. En 2009 se hicieron cultivos de las manos de 90 niños en edad escolar de la unidad de internación pediátrica del Hospital Estadual Bauru (São Paulo, Brasil. Se hizo cultivo de las muestras y posteriormente se realizó identificación de las bacterias aisladas. Resultados. En el 98% de las muestras tomadas a los niños se hicieron aislamientos de bacterias. Stafilococcus coagulasa negativa se aisló en el 64% de las muestras; Staphilococcus aureus, en un 5%, y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, en un 1%. Conclusión. En la mayor parte de las muestras de las manos de los niños internados se aislaron bacterias, por lo que se deben reforzar las acciones educativas a los niños y a sus acompañantes en relación con los hábitos de higiene en el ambiente hospitalario y fuera de él.Estimar a prevalência de bactérias isoladas em mostras das mãos dos meninos em idade escolar numa unidade de internação. Metodologia. Em 2009 se fizeram cultivos das mãos de 90 meninos em idade escolar da unidade de

La ocupación de la Araucanía y la pérdida de la platería en manos mapuches. Finales del siglo XIX y primeras décadas del XX

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Flores Chávez, Jaime

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The expansion of the Chilean state towards the Araucanía region from the mid-nineteenth century had a major impact on the mapuche economy. The cattle bonanza of the pre-occupation period gave way to the economic malaise which characterized the post-occupation phase. Centring on the activity of silversmithing as a means of reflecting on these two periods, our study seeks to analyze the context and mechanisms which brought about the loss of silversmithing from mapuche hands in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Sources used include notary documents, military reports, census information, newspapers, commercial guides and travel journals.La expansión del Estado chileno hacia la Araucanía, a partir de mediados del siglo XIX, generó un fuerte impacto sobre la economía mapuche. La bonanza ganadera del periodo preocupacional dio paso a una situación de postración económica que caracterizará la etapa post-ocupacional. Centrado en la platería como expresión reveladora de estos dos momentos, nuestro trabajo busca analizar el contexto y mecanismos que posibilitaron la pérdida de la platería en manos mapuches a fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Para ello utilizaremos documentos notariales, informes militares, censos, periódicos, guías comerciales y diarios de viajes, entre otros.

¿Qué hay detrds de la muerte de mujeres a manos de sus parejas masculinas? Hacia un análisis del concepto «violencia de género»

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JOSÉ ANTONIO GUERRA VERDEJA

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo pone de manifiesto la necesidad de una adecuada conceptualización de la «violencia de género» con el fin de analizar qué se encuentra detrás de las muertes de mujeres a manos de sus parejas masculinas y que, con frecuencia, aparecen en los medios de comunicación. A pesar de hallarnos en la sociedad de la información, que implica un mayor desarrollo del ser humano, la inercia del patriarcado supone una fuerte resistencia al mismo. La visibilidad de la violencia contra las mujeres es un ejemplo de ello, pero a su vez refleja tan sólo una cara concreta del poliedro que es la «violencia de género», y cuyo contenido es preciso desentrañar. Contra discursos esencialistas nos hemos situado dentro del paradigma construccionista, planteando una crítica a la equívoca equiparación que se hace entre violencia de género y violencia contra las mujeres. Para ello se han redefinido las categorías estructurales de «hombre» y «mujer» para sacar a la luz el constructo sexo/género, y se ha presentado el género como relación social de dominación analizándolo con independencia del sexo para romper así con uno de los más profundos mecanismos de resistencia del patriarcado, como es la dualidad «dos sexos/dos géneros».

Calcinosis en Esclerosis Sistémica

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Tamara Caínzos Romero

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Paciente de 85 años diagnosticada de esclerosis sistémica con esclerodermia limitada de años de evolución con ANA positivos a título de 1:5120 patrón anticentrómero, antiScl-70 y anti-Jo negativos. Sus principales manifestaciones clínicas son: Raynaud grave y úlceras digitales a tratamiento con nifedipino y bosentán, hipertensión pulmonar leve, esclerodactilia y calcificación extensa de tejidos blandos en ambas manos, 4º dedo de mano derecha y 4º-5º dedos de mano izquierda, con deformidades en flexión bilaterales, que pueden observarse en estudios de radiografía simple de ambas manos. La calcinosis resulta del depósito de cristales de hidroxiapatita de calcio fundamentalmente. Aunque los resultados son, en general malos, se han utilizado diltiazem, colchicina y los AINES en los casos que se produce una reacción inflamatoria similar a la pseudogota, en los casos más graves es necesario recurrir a la cirugía.

HIGIENIZAÇÃO DAS MÃOS E A SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE: PERSPECTIVA DE DOCENTES E UNIVERSITÁRIOS

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Aline Santa Cruz Belela-Anacleto

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Investigación cuantitativa y exploratoria, que objetivó identificar las perspectivas de profesores y estudiantes sobre higiene de manos e infecciones relacionadas con el cuidado de salud en su cotidiano de práctica. Respondieron el instrumento estructurado con siete declaraciones relacionadas con el tema, 109 universitarios y 53 profesores de una universidad pública en São Paulo, Brasil. Fue observada discordancia significante entre los grupos en relación con la afirmativa de que los sitios de enseñanza práctica tienen materiales que favorezcan la higiene de manos (p =0,02 y una concordancia significativa (p <0,01 con relación a la indisponibilidad del alcohol en gel para la higiene de manos. Las actividades prácticas desarrolladas por los profesores y universitarios ocurren en lugares donde no hay infraestructura adecuada para las prácticas recomendadas de higiene de manos, contribuyendo para la ocurrencia de fallas en el proceso de cuidado y comprometiendo la seguridad del paciente.

Network chemistry, network toxicology, network informatics, and network behavioristics: A scientific outline

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WenJun Zhang

2016-01-01

In present study, I proposed some new sciences: network chemistry, network toxicology, network informatics, and network behavioristics. The aims, scope and scientific foundation of these sciences are outlined.

Hand hygiene: the impact of incentive strategies on adherence among healthcare workers from a newborn intensive care unit Higienización de las manos: el impacto de estrategias que incentiven la adhesión entre los profesionales de la salud de una unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal Higienização das mãos: o impacto de estratégias de incentivo à adesão entre profissionais de saúde de uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

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Zilah Cândida Pereira das Neves

2006-08-01

Full Text Available We carried out a before-after non-controlled intervention study to assess the impact of different handwashing strategies in health care workers at a neonatal ICU in Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil. All ethical aspects were considered. Data was collected by using a check list in order to register hand hygiene opportunities during six months. Three strategies were elaborated together with the hospital team. We observed 1358 handwashing opportunities. Incentive strategies caused a small impact on the increase of adherence to hand hygiene during and after the implementation period. However, we noticed that this increase mainly occurred after the procedures were realized. On the whole, adherence levels were similar before (62.2% and after (61.6% the procedures. The study showed that health care workers were more worried about individual risks.Con objeto de evaluar el impacto del uso de diferentes estrategias que incentiven la higienización de las manos entre profesionales de la salud en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales en Goiânia - Goiás, Brasil, efectuamos un estudio de intervención no controlada, denominada antes-después. Observados los aspectos éticos, los datos fueron recolectados utilizándose un check list para registrar las oportunidades de higienización de las manos, por seis meses. Utilizamos tres estrategias de incentivo construidas con la participación de los grupos de la institución. Fueron observadas 1358 oportunidades de higienización de las manos. Las estrategias de incentivo consiguieron un pequeño impacto en el aumento de la adhesión de la higienización de las manos en los periodos durante y después de su implementación. Este aumento ocurrió principalmente después de la realización de los procedimientos. En la adhesión total, los porcentajes fueron semejantes antes (62,2% y después (61,6% de la ejecución de procedimientos. El estudio señala una mayor preocupación de los profesionales con el propio riesgo

Percolation of interdependent network of networks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Havlin, Shlomo; Stanley, H. Eugene; Bashan, Amir; Gao, Jianxi; Kenett, Dror Y.

2015-01-01

Complex networks appear in almost every aspect of science and technology. Previous work in network theory has focused primarily on analyzing single networks that do not interact with other networks, despite the fact that many real-world networks interact with and depend on each other. Very recently an analytical framework for studying the percolation properties of interacting networks has been introduced. Here we review the analytical framework and the results for percolation laws for a Network Of Networks (NONs) formed by n interdependent random networks. The percolation properties of a network of networks differ greatly from those of single isolated networks. In particular, because the constituent networks of a NON are connected by node dependencies, a NON is subject to cascading failure. When there is strong interdependent coupling between networks, the percolation transition is discontinuous (first-order) phase transition, unlike the well-known continuous second-order transition in single isolated networks. Moreover, although networks with broader degree distributions, e.g., scale-free networks, are more robust when analyzed as single networks, they become more vulnerable in a NON. We also review the effect of space embedding on network vulnerability. It is shown that for spatially embedded networks any finite fraction of dependency nodes will lead to abrupt transition

[Social networks in drinking behaviors among Japanese: support network, drinking network, and intervening network].

Science.gov (United States)

Yoshihara, Chika; Shimizu, Shinji

2005-10-01

The national representative sample was analyzed to examine the relationship between respondents' drinking practice and the social network which was constructed of three different types of network: support network, drinking network, and intervening network. Non-parametric statistical analysis was conducted with chi square method and ANOVA analysis, due to the risk of small samples in some basic tabulation cells. The main results are as follows: (1) In the support network of workplace associates, moderate drinkers enjoyed much more sociable support care than both nondrinkers and hard drinkers, which might suggest a similar effect as the French paradox. Meanwhile in the familial and kinship network, the more intervening care support was provided, the harder respondents' drinking practice. (2) The drinking network among Japanese people for both sexes is likely to be convergent upon certain types of network categories and not decentralized in various categories. This might reflect of the drinking culture of Japan, which permits people to drink everyday as a practice, especially male drinkers. Subsequently, solitary drinking is not optional for female drinkers. (3) Intervening network analysis showed that the harder the respondents' drinking practices, the more frequently their drinking behaviors were checked in almost all the categories of network. A rather complicated gender double-standard was found in the network of hard drinkers with their friends, particularly for female drinkers. Medical professionals played a similar intervening role for men as family and kinship networks but to a less degree than friends for females. The social network is considerably associated with respondents' drinking, providing both sociability for moderate drinkers and intervention for hard drinkers, depending on network categories. To minimize the risk of hard drinking and advance self-healthy drinking there should be more research development on drinking practice and the social network.

DALLA MANO AL VIDEO. ESPERIENZE E OSSERVAZIONI DI COSTRUZIONE DEL PENSIERO ASTRATTO, ANALITICO E COMPUTAZIONALE NELLA FORMAZIONE LINGUISTICA DELLA SCUOLA PRIMARIA

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Michele Ricci

2018-03-01

Full Text Available In questo articolo viene illustrata la ricerca effettuata nell’arco di un anno scolastico in due scuole primarie del Comune di  Milano (l’Istituto Maria Consolatrice e l’Istituto Regina Mundi, dove sono stati sperimentati diversi metodi didattici con l’obiettivo di favorire la formazione delle competenze di analisi, astrazione e pensiero computazionale in contesti reali di programmazione del computer e robotica educativa. Le osservazioni mostrano come la centralità dell’uso evoluto della lingua sia il cardine nello sviluppo di competenze di tipo “pensiero computazionale”. In particolare l’elemento chiave che emerge nella ricerca è rappresentato  dall’osservazione della forte correlazione tra lo sviluppo delle capacità motorie fini della mano, lo sviluppo delle competenze linguistiche evolute e le competenze di pensiero complesso quali la capacità di astrazione nella descrizione di modelli reali e immaginari. La capacità di astrazione costituisce infatti la base della capacità di risoluzione di problemi e soprattutto della capacità di generare idee originali e creative, obiettivo di apprendimento primario della sperimentazione e del relativo processo di analisi di cui è stata oggetto. A seguire vengono quindi illustrati gli strumenti metodologici utilizzati, la loro modalità di valutazione; si preciserà quindi come l’uso della lingua contribuisca a potenziare e a sostenere il raggiungimento degli obbiettivi di apprendimento.   From the hand to video. Experiences and the construction of abstract, analytical and computational thought in primary school language education  This article presents research carried out in two primary schools in the city of Milan (Istituto Maria Consolatrice and Istituto Regina Mundi, where different teaching methods were implemented with the aim of encouraging the development of analytical, abstract and computational thinking skills in computer programming and educational robotics

Verortung des Dichtens in Der Erzählung Meine Sprache und ich von Ilse Aichinger. Kūrybos raiškos vieta Ilzės Aichinger apsakyme Mano kalba ir Aš

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Inga Bartkuvienė

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Straipsnyje analizuojamas kūrybos lokalizacijos klausimas objektu pasirinkus Ilzės Aichinger apsa­kymą Mano kalba ir aš. Susitelkta ties kalbos raiš­kos ženklais autoreferentiniame Aichinger rašyme. Siekis – atskleisti, kaip tekste išsidėsto, kaip veikia ir kokias reikšmes įgauna kalba, rašantysis, rašymas, raštas. Teorines prieigas teikia Martino Heideggerio kalbos filosofija bei Jacques Derrida „gramatologija“.Straipsnio dalyje „Riba kaip kalbos sritis“ apta­riamos kalbos sklaidos kūryboje bei kūrybos kalboje aktualizacijos. Kalba Aichinger tekste steigiasi opo­zicinių savybių sava / svetima sandūroje. Analizė pa­rodo, jog šią opoziciją eliminuoja besiplečiantis kity­bės atverčių laukas. Personifikuotos kalbos „sienos kirtimas“, „apsistojimas prie jūros“ erdviškai žymi ribinę situaciją, kuri yra kalbos būties sąlyga.Dalyje „Kūryba rašte“ gvildenami veikiančių figūrų implikuojami balso ir rašto santykiai: balsas yra kalbančiojo subjekto savybė, antropomorfinį pa­vidalą apsakyme įgijusi kalba prabilti atsisako. Jos būties būdas yra spektriškas, daugialypis, raštiškas. „Sustingęs rašale“ rašantysis praranda subjektyvybę ir išlieka tik kaip signatūros statusas, o „sustingusi rašale kalba“ grąžinama į rašto „būties namus“.

Adesão da equipe de enfermagem à higienização das mãos: fatores motivacionais

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Annecy Tojeiro Giordani

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Estudio descriptivo, cuyos objetivos fueron verificar factores motivacionales a la adhesión a la higiene de las manos por equipo de enfermería en hospital público de Londrina, PR, Brasil, en 2012, y proponer estrategias para su mejoría. Participaron 135 profesionales de enfermería, que fornecieron informaciones sobre identificación profesional, educación permanente y realización de la higiene de las manos. La motivación para adhesión a la higiene de las manos estuvo vinculada a la satisfacción en la vida personal, 45 (33,3%; y en el trabajo, 58 (42,9%; y autonomía en la realización de la atención de enfermería, 76 (56,3%. Los factores motivacionales que fueron: desarrollo/crecimiento profesional, interés por el trabajo, flexibilidad para priorizar las acciones de cuidado, autonomía y participación en las decisiones. Estos deben ser considerados en el planeamiento de la educación permanente para mejoría de la adhesión a la higiene de las manos, así como la calidad de la asistencia prestada.

Vulnerability of network of networks

Science.gov (United States)

Havlin, S.; Kenett, D. Y.; Bashan, A.; Gao, J.; Stanley, H. E.

2014-10-01

Our dependence on networks - be they infrastructure, economic, social or others - leaves us prone to crises caused by the vulnerabilities of these networks. There is a great need to develop new methods to protect infrastructure networks and prevent cascade of failures (especially in cases of coupled networks). Terrorist attacks on transportation networks have traumatized modern societies. With a single blast, it has become possible to paralyze airline traffic, electric power supply, ground transportation or Internet communication. How, and at which cost can one restructure the network such that it will become more robust against malicious attacks? The gradual increase in attacks on the networks society depends on - Internet, mobile phone, transportation, air travel, banking, etc. - emphasize the need to develop new strategies to protect and defend these crucial networks of communication and infrastructure networks. One example is the threat of liquid explosives a few years ago, which completely shut down air travel for days, and has created extreme changes in regulations. Such threats and dangers warrant the need for new tools and strategies to defend critical infrastructure. In this paper we review recent advances in the theoretical understanding of the vulnerabilities of interdependent networks with and without spatial embedding, attack strategies and their affect on such networks of networks as well as recently developed strategies to optimize and repair failures caused by such attacks.

Networks of networks – An introduction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kenett, Dror Y.; Perc, Matjaž; Boccaletti, Stefano

2015-01-01

Graphical abstract: Interdependent network reciprocity. Only those blue cooperative domains that are initially present on both networks survive. Abstract: This is an introduction to the special issue titled “Networks of networks” that is in the making at Chaos, Solitons & Fractals. Recent research and reviews attest to the fact that networks of networks are the next frontier in network science [1–7]. Not only are interactions limited and thus inadequately described by well-mixed models, it is also a fact that the networks that should be an integral part of such models are often interconnected, thus making the processes that are unfolding on them interdependent. From the World economy and transportation systems to social media, it is clear that processes taking place in one network might significantly affect what is happening in many other networks. Within an interdependent system, each type of interaction has a certain relevance and meaning, so that treating all the links identically inevitably leads to information loss. Networks of networks, interdependent networks, or multilayer networks are therefore a much better and realistic description of such systems, and this Special Issue is devoted to their structure, dynamics and evolution, as well as to the study of emergent properties in multi-layered systems in general. Topics of interest include but are not limited to the spread of epidemics and information, percolation, diffusion, synchronization, collective behavior, and evolutionary games on networks of networks. Interdisciplinary work on all aspects of networks of networks, regardless of background and motivation, is very welcome.

Network Coded Software Defined Networking

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Krigslund, Jeppe; Hansen, Jonas; Roetter, Daniel Enrique Lucani

2015-01-01

Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Coding (NC) are two key concepts in networking that have garnered a large attention in recent years. On the one hand, SDN's potential to virtualize services in the Internet allows a large flexibility not only for routing data, but also to manage....... This paper advocates for the use of SDN to bring about future Internet and 5G network services by incorporating network coding (NC) functionalities. The inherent flexibility of both SDN and NC provides a fertile ground to envision more efficient, robust, and secure networking designs, that may also...

Modeling the citation network by network cosmology.

Science.gov (United States)

Xie, Zheng; Ouyang, Zhenzheng; Zhang, Pengyuan; Yi, Dongyun; Kong, Dexing

2015-01-01

Citation between papers can be treated as a causal relationship. In addition, some citation networks have a number of similarities to the causal networks in network cosmology, e.g., the similar in-and out-degree distributions. Hence, it is possible to model the citation network using network cosmology. The casual network models built on homogenous spacetimes have some restrictions when describing some phenomena in citation networks, e.g., the hot papers receive more citations than other simultaneously published papers. We propose an inhomogenous causal network model to model the citation network, the connection mechanism of which well expresses some features of citation. The node growth trend and degree distributions of the generated networks also fit those of some citation networks well.

Network Coded Software Defined Networking

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Jonas; Roetter, Daniel Enrique Lucani; Krigslund, Jeppe

2015-01-01

Software defined networking has garnered large attention due to its potential to virtualize services in the Internet, introducing flexibility in the buffering, scheduling, processing, and routing of data in network routers. SDN breaks the deadlock that has kept Internet network protocols stagnant...... for decades, while applications and physical links have evolved. This article advocates for the use of SDN to bring about 5G network services by incorporating network coding (NC) functionalities. The latter constitutes a major leap forward compared to the state-of-the- art store and forward Internet paradigm...

Green mobile networks a networking perspective

CERN Document Server

Ansari, Nirwan

2016-01-01

Combines the hot topics of energy efficiency and next generation mobile networking, examining techniques and solutions. Green communications is a very hot topic. Ever increasing mobile network bandwidth rates significantly impacts on operating costs due to aggregate network energy consumption. As such, design on 4G networks and beyond has increasingly started to focus on 'energy efficiency' or so-called 'green' networks. Many techniques and solutions have been proposed to enhance the energy efficiency of mobile networks, yet no book has provided an in-depth analysis of the energy consumption issues in mobile networks nor offers detailed theories, tools and solutions for solving the energy efficiency problems.

Topology of the European Network of Earth Observation Networks and the need for an European Network of Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Masó, Joan; Serral, Ivette; McCallum, Ian; Blonda, Palma; Plag, Hans-Peter

2016-04-01

ConnectinGEO (Coordinating an Observation Network of Networks EnCompassing saTellite and IN-situ to fill the Gaps in European Observations" is an H2020 Coordination and Support Action with the primary goal of linking existing Earth Observation networks with science and technology (S&T) communities, the industry sector, the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), and Copernicus. The project will end in February 2017. ConnectinGEO will initiate a European Network of Earth Observation Networks (ENEON) that will encompass space-based, airborne and in-situ observations networks. ENEON will be composed of project partners representing thematic observation networks along with the GEOSS Science and Technology Stakeholder Network, GEO Communities of Practices, Copernicus services, Sentinel missions and in-situ support data representatives, representatives of the European space-based, airborne and in-situ observations networks. This communication presents the complex panorama of Earth Observations Networks in Europe. The list of networks is classified by discipline, variables, geospatial scope, etc. We also capture the membership and relations with other networks and umbrella organizations like GEO. The result is a complex interrelation between networks that can not be clearly expressed in a flat list. Technically the networks can be represented as nodes with relations between them as lines connecting the nodes in a graph. We have chosen RDF as a language and an AllegroGraph 3.3 triple store that is visualized in several ways using for example Gruff 5.7. Our final aim is to identify gaps in the EO Networks and justify the need for a more structured coordination between them.

Cloud networking understanding cloud-based data center networks

CERN Document Server

Lee, Gary

2014-01-01

Cloud Networking: Understanding Cloud-Based Data Center Networks explains the evolution of established networking technologies into distributed, cloud-based networks. Starting with an overview of cloud technologies, the book explains how cloud data center networks leverage distributed systems for network virtualization, storage networking, and software-defined networking. The author offers insider perspective to key components that make a cloud network possible such as switch fabric technology and data center networking standards. The final chapters look ahead to developments in architectures

Deterministic bound for avionics switched networks according to networking features using network calculus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Feng HE

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The state of the art avionics system adopts switched networks for airborne communications. A major concern in the design of the networks is the end-to-end guarantee ability. Analytic methods have been developed to compute the worst-case delays according to the detailed configurations of flows and networks within avionics context, such as network calculus and trajectory approach. It still lacks a relevant method to make a rapid performance estimation according to some typically switched networking features, such as networking scale, bandwidth utilization and average flow rate. The goal of this paper is to establish a deterministic upper bound analysis method by using these networking features instead of the complete network configurations. Two deterministic upper bounds are proposed from network calculus perspective: one is for a basic estimation, and another just shows the benefits from grouping strategy. Besides, a mathematic expression for grouping ability is established based on the concept of network connecting degree, which illustrates the possibly minimal grouping benefit. For a fully connected network with 4 switches and 12 end systems, the grouping ability coming from grouping strategy is 15–20%, which just coincides with the statistical data (18–22% from the actual grouping advantage. Compared with the complete network calculus analysis method for individual flows, the effectiveness of the two deterministic upper bounds is no less than 38% even with remarkably varied packet lengths. Finally, the paper illustrates the design process for an industrial Avionics Full DupleX switched Ethernet (AFDX networking case according to the two deterministic upper bounds and shows that a better control for network connecting, when designing a switched network, can improve the worst-case delays dramatically. Keywords: Deterministic bound, Grouping ability, Network calculus, Networking features, Switched networks

Cascading Failures and Recovery in Networks of Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Havlin, Shlomo

Network science have been focused on the properties of a single isolated network that does not interact or depends on other networks. In reality, many real-networks, such as power grids, transportation and communication infrastructures interact and depend on other networks. I will present a framework for studying the vulnerability and the recovery of networks of interdependent networks. In interdependent networks, when nodes in one network fail, they cause dependent nodes in other networks to also fail. This is also the case when some nodes like certain locations play a role in two networks -multiplex. This may happen recursively and can lead to a cascade of failures and to a sudden fragmentation of the system. I will present analytical solutions for the critical threshold and the giant component of a network of n interdependent networks. I will show, that the general theory has many novel features that are not present in the classical network theory. When recovery of components is possible global spontaneous recovery of the networks and hysteresis phenomena occur and the theory suggests an optimal repairing strategy of system of systems. I will also show that interdependent networks embedded in space are significantly more vulnerable compared to non embedded networks. In particular, small localized attacks may lead to cascading failures and catastrophic consequences.Thus, analyzing data of real network of networks is highly required to understand the system vulnerability. DTRA, ONR, Israel Science Foundation.

Data center networks and network architecture

Science.gov (United States)

Esaki, Hiroshi

2014-02-01

This paper discusses and proposes the architectural framework, which is for data center networks. The data center networks require new technical challenges, and it would be good opportunity to change the functions, which are not need in current and future networks. Based on the observation and consideration on data center networks, this paper proposes; (i) Broadcast-free layer 2 network (i.e., emulation of broadcast at the end-node), (ii) Full-mesh point-to-point pipes, and (iii) IRIDES (Invitation Routing aDvertisement for path Engineering System).

Los últimos días del gobierno español en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adelaida Sourdis Nájera

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Con la derrota de los españoles en Boyacá, el 7 de agosto de 1819, cayó Santafé la capital del virreinato de Nueva Granada en manos de los patriotas colombianos, pero no así el Estado español. El virrey Sámano y la Real Audiencia huyeron a refugiarse en Cartagena de Indias en donde continuaron gobernando. El conflicto entre Sámano, partidario del absolutismo monárquico, y Gabriel de Torres, gobernador de Cartagena, de ideas liberales,pronto se manifestó. Al negarse el virrey a jurar la Constitución de Cádiz restablecida en España en 1820, el gobernador, con fundamento en dicha carta, lo depuso y asumió el poder político y militar. Sámano se embarcó hacia Cuba y Torres quedó como único y legítimo Jefe del Estado español en lo que quedaba de la Nueva Granada. Defendió valientemente esta postrera posesión de la monarquía hasta que, asediado por el ejércitocolombiano comandado por Mariano Montilla y la armada por José Padilla, no tuvo másremedio que rendirse y entregar la Plaza Fuerte a los colombianos el 10 de octubre de 1821. Se embarcó con sus tropas hacia Cuba para nunca más volver.

Vulnerability and controllability of networks of networks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Xueming; Peng, Hao; Gao, Jianxi

2015-01-01

Network science is a highly interdisciplinary field ranging from natural science to engineering technology and it has been applied to model complex systems and used to explain their behaviors. Most previous studies have been focus on isolated networks, but many real-world networks do in fact interact with and depend on other networks via dependency connectivities, forming “networks of networks” (NON). The interdependence between networks has been found to largely increase the vulnerability of interacting systems, when a node in one network fails, it usually causes dependent nodes in other networks to fail, which, in turn, may cause further damage on the first network and result in a cascade of failures with sometimes catastrophic consequences, e.g., electrical blackouts caused by the interdependence of power grids and communication networks. The vulnerability of a NON can be analyzed by percolation theory that can be used to predict the critical threshold where a NON collapses. We review here the analytic framework for analyzing the vulnerability of NON, which yields novel percolation laws for n-interdependent networks and also shows that percolation theory of a single network studied extensively in physics and mathematics in the last 50 years is a specific limited case of the more general case of n interacting networks. Understanding the mechanism behind the cascading failure in NON enables us finding methods to decrease the vulnerability of the natural systems and design of more robust infrastructure systems. By examining the vulnerability of NON under targeted attack and studying the real interdependent systems, we find two methods to decrease the systems vulnerability: (1) protect the high-degree nodes, and (2) increase the degree correlation between networks. Furthermore, the ultimate proof of our understanding of natural and technological systems is reflected in our ability to control them. We also review the recent studies and challenges on the

Network coding at different layers in wireless networks

CERN Document Server

2016-01-01

This book focuses on how to apply network coding at different layers in wireless networks – including MAC, routing, and TCP – with special focus on cognitive radio networks. It discusses how to select parameters in network coding (e.g., coding field, number of packets involved, and redundant information ration) in order to be suitable for the varying wireless environments. The book explores how to deploy network coding in MAC to improve network performance and examines joint network coding with opportunistic routing to improve the successful rate of routing. In regards to TCP and network coding, the text considers transport layer protocol working with network coding to overcome the transmission error rate, particularly with how to use the ACK feedback of TCP to enhance the efficiency of network coding. The book pertains to researchers and postgraduate students, especially whose interests are in opportunistic routing and TCP in cognitive radio networks.

Overlay networks toward information networking

CERN Document Server

Tarkoma, Sasu

2010-01-01

With their ability to solve problems in massive information distribution and processing, while keeping scaling costs low, overlay systems represent a rapidly growing area of R&D with important implications for the evolution of Internet architecture. Inspired by the author's articles on content based routing, Overlay Networks: Toward Information Networking provides a complete introduction to overlay networks. Examining what they are and what kind of structures they require, the text covers the key structures, protocols, and algorithms used in overlay networks. It reviews the current state of th

Exploring network operations for data and information networks

Science.gov (United States)

Yao, Bing; Su, Jing; Ma, Fei; Wang, Xiaomin; Zhao, Xiyang; Yao, Ming

2017-01-01

Barabási and Albert, in 1999, formulated scale-free models based on some real networks: World-Wide Web, Internet, metabolic and protein networks, language or sexual networks. Scale-free networks not only appear around us, but also have high qualities in the world. As known, high quality information networks can transfer feasibly and efficiently data, clearly, their topological structures are very important for data safety. We build up network operations for constructing large scale of dynamic networks from smaller scale of network models having good property and high quality. We focus on the simplest operators to formulate complex operations, and are interesting on the closeness of operations to desired network properties.

Terapias complementarias e integrativas como intervención enfermera en los diferentes estadios del proceso reproductivo femenino

OpenAIRE

Fernández, Ana Belén

2018-01-01

Las mujeres siempre han cuidado de la salud de sus hijos y familiares con los elementos que la naturaleza les ha ofrecido: las plantas (fitoterapia, aromaterapia), el sol (helioterapia), el agua (hidroterapia), y hasta con sus propias manos como único recurso, y hasta con sus propias manos.La enfermería ha aprovechado las terapias naturales como instrumentos complementarios de los cuidados enfermeros.La clasificación que utiliza el Colegio Oficial de Enfermeras y Enfermeros de Barcelona de di...

INCIDENCIA DE UN PRESUPUESTO EN SEGURIDAD Y SALUD OCUPACIONAL EN LOS COSTOS Y GASTOS

OpenAIRE

Flores Pariona, Cecilia Flores Pariona Mirtha

2017-01-01

Este artículo aborda aquellos desembolsos en seguridad y salud ocupacional que deben ser considerados como una inversión frente a todos aquellos costos y gastos que puedan desencadenarse, producto de un accidente o enfermedad ocupacional. Un accidente deviene en costos de la mano de obra directa del accidentado, del compañero que emplea su tiempo para auxiliarlo, el personal de reemplazo, el costo de la mano de obra indirecta del supervisor y gastos como las indemnizaciones al accidentado, ga...

Gradient networks on uncorrelated random scale-free networks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pan Guijun; Yan Xiaoqing; Huang Zhongbing; Ma Weichuan

2011-01-01

Uncorrelated random scale-free (URSF) networks are useful null models for checking the effects of scale-free topology on network-based dynamical processes. Here, we present a comparative study of the jamming level of gradient networks based on URSF networks and Erdos-Renyi (ER) random networks. We find that the URSF networks are less congested than ER random networks for the average degree (k)>k c (k c ∼ 2 denotes a critical connectivity). In addition, by investigating the topological properties of the two kinds of gradient networks, we discuss the relations between the topological structure and the transport efficiency of the gradient networks. These findings show that the uncorrelated scale-free structure might allow more efficient transport than the random structure.

Reconfigurable network systems and software-defined networking

OpenAIRE

Zilberman, N.; Watts, P. M.; Rotsos, C.; Moore, A. W.

2015-01-01

Modern high-speed networks have evolved from relatively static networks to highly adaptive networks facilitating dynamic reconfiguration. This evolution has influenced all levels of network design and management, introducing increased programmability and configuration flexibility. This influence has extended from the lowest level of physical hardware interfaces to the highest level of network management by software. A key representative of this evolution is the emergence of software-defined n...

Improving network management with Software Defined Networking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dzhunev, Pavel

2013-01-01

Software-defined networking (SDN) is developed as an alternative to closed networks in centers for data processing by providing a means to separate the control layer data layer switches, and routers. SDN introduces new possibilities for network management and configuration methods. In this article, we identify problems with the current state-of-the-art network configuration and management mechanisms and introduce mechanisms to improve various aspects of network management

Network Restoration for Next-Generation Communication and Computing Networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

B. S. Awoyemi

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Network failures are undesirable but inevitable occurrences for most modern communication and computing networks. A good network design must be robust enough to handle sudden failures, maintain traffic flow, and restore failed parts of the network within a permissible time frame, at the lowest cost achievable and with as little extra complexity in the network as possible. Emerging next-generation (xG communication and computing networks such as fifth-generation networks, software-defined networks, and internet-of-things networks have promises of fast speeds, impressive data rates, and remarkable reliability. To achieve these promises, these complex and dynamic xG networks must be built with low failure possibilities, high network restoration capacity, and quick failure recovery capabilities. Hence, improved network restoration models have to be developed and incorporated in their design. In this paper, a comprehensive study on network restoration mechanisms that are being developed for addressing network failures in current and emerging xG networks is carried out. Open-ended problems are identified, while invaluable ideas for better adaptation of network restoration to evolving xG communication and computing paradigms are discussed.

Modelo de aprendizaje para la selección de un proyecto diseño-construcción (llave en mano en el sector público A learning model for design-build project selection in the public sector

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alfonso Bastias

2010-04-01

Full Text Available El método primario de ejecución de proyectos en el sector público en los Estados Unidos (U.S., tradicionalmente ha sido la ejecución diseño-licitación-construcción. El sector público históricamente ha separado los contratos de diseño y construcción. En la década de los 90, el sector público norteamericano comenzó a experimentar con la ejecución de proyectos diseño-construcción (llave en mano, que combina el diseño y la construcción en un solo contrato. En 1997 se estableció un sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones, con el fin de entregar un modelo se selección formal para la ejecución de proyectos en el sector público. El modelo apoya a los propietarios del sector público a determinar cuáles son los proyectos adecuados para la ejecución diseño-construcción (llave en mano. Este modelo inicial por naturaleza era estático y estaba basado en un análisis de regresión de 104 proyectos. El análisis produjo un modelo predictivo con cinco criterios de rendimiento: satisfacción general, carga administrativa, cumplimiento de expectativas, variación del programa, y variación del presupuesto. Desde 1997, el número de proyectos diseño-construcción ha aumentado dramáticamente y los métodos diseño-construcción del sector público han evolucionado. El modelo original puede ser mejorado con nuevos datos y una estructura que se traduce en un modelo adaptativo, mientras la industria continúa evolucionando. Este documento presenta una aplicación formal y el uso de capacidades para complementar el modelo estático original. Este modelo se ajusta a parámetros y funciones a través del empleo de inteligencia artificial, como principal motor de conocimiento. Este enfoque puede ser adaptado a muchas aplicaciones de apoyo a la toma de decisiones en la industria del diseño y construcción.The primary method of public sector project delivery in the United States (U.S. has traditionally been design-bid-build delivery. The

Learning Networks, Networked Learning

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sloep, Peter; Berlanga, Adriana

2010-01-01

Sloep, P. B., & Berlanga, A. J. (2011). Learning Networks, Networked Learning [Redes de Aprendizaje, Aprendizaje en Red]. Comunicar, XIX(37), 55-63. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C37-2011-02-05

Network cosmology.

Science.gov (United States)

Krioukov, Dmitri; Kitsak, Maksim; Sinkovits, Robert S; Rideout, David; Meyer, David; Boguñá, Marián

2012-01-01

Prediction and control of the dynamics of complex networks is a central problem in network science. Structural and dynamical similarities of different real networks suggest that some universal laws might accurately describe the dynamics of these networks, albeit the nature and common origin of such laws remain elusive. Here we show that the causal network representing the large-scale structure of spacetime in our accelerating universe is a power-law graph with strong clustering, similar to many complex networks such as the Internet, social, or biological networks. We prove that this structural similarity is a consequence of the asymptotic equivalence between the large-scale growth dynamics of complex networks and causal networks. This equivalence suggests that unexpectedly similar laws govern the dynamics of complex networks and spacetime in the universe, with implications to network science and cosmology.

Network marketing on a small-world network

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Beom Jun; Jun, Tackseung; Kim, Jeong-Yoo; Choi, M. Y.

2006-02-01

We investigate a dynamic model of network marketing in a small-world network structure artificially constructed similarly to the Watts-Strogatz network model. Different from the traditional marketing, consumers can also play the role of the manufacturer's selling agents in network marketing, which is stimulated by the referral fee the manufacturer offers. As the wiring probability α is increased from zero to unity, the network changes from the one-dimensional regular directed network to the star network where all but one player are connected to one consumer. The price p of the product and the referral fee r are used as free parameters to maximize the profit of the manufacturer. It is observed that at α=0 the maximized profit is constant independent of the network size N while at α≠0, it increases linearly with N. This is in parallel to the small-world transition. It is also revealed that while the optimal value of p stays at an almost constant level in a broad range of α, that of r is sensitive to a change in the network structure. The consumer surplus is also studied and discussed.

Weighted Scale-Free Network Properties of Ecological Network

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Jae Woo; Maeng, Seong Eun

2013-01-01

We investigate the scale-free network properties of the bipartite ecological network, in particular, the plant-pollinator network. In plant-pollinator network, the pollinators visit the plant to get the nectars. In contrast to the other complex network, the plant-pollinator network has not only the trophic relationships among the interacting partners but also the complexities of the coevolutionary effects. The interactions between the plant and pollinators are beneficial relations. The plant-pollinator network is a bipartite and weighted network. The networks have two types of the nodes: plant and pollinator. We consider the visiting frequency of a pollinator to a plant as the weighting value of the link. We defined the strength of a node as the sum of the weighting value of the links. We reported the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the degree and the strength of the plant-pollinator network. The CDF of the plants followed stretched exponential functions for both degree and strength, but the CDF of the pollinators showed the power law for both degree and strength. The average strength of the links showed the nonlinear dependence on the degree of the networks.

Onicomicosis: epidemiología, agentes causales y evaluación de los métodos diagnósticos de laboratorio Onychomycoses: epidemiology, causative agents and assessment of diagnostic laboratory methods

OpenAIRE

Javier R Nazar; Paula E Gerosa; Osvaldo A Díaz

2012-01-01

Desde marzo de 2007 hasta marzo de 2011 se estudiaron prospectivamente 414 pacientes con onicodistrofias en un laboratorio privado de Esquel. La prevalencia de onicomicosis de pie fue del 78 %; la de mano, del 58 %. Los principales agentes etiológicos fueron Trichophyton rubrum, Candida spp. y Trichophyton mentagrophytes. El desarrollo de dermatofitos prevaleció en las onicopatías de pie y el de Candida spp. en las de uñas de mano (ambos, p < 0,05). En las onicomicosis candidiásicas predomina...

Empresas privatizadas, instituciones y consecuencias laborales en paises emergentes

OpenAIRE

Alberto Chong; Gianmarco León

2007-01-01

Este artículo utiliza un marco de datos de empresas de alrededor del mundo para comparar los indicadores de empleo de empresas privatizadas, privadas y publicas. Este estudio se concentra particularmente en salarios, beneficios, composición de la mano de obra, educación, entrenamiento, sindicalismo, y la calidad de la gerencia. Aunque la productividad de la mano de obra incrementó después de la privatización, el índice de trabajadores permanentes en comparación a trabajadores temporales tambi...

A Network Traffic Control Enhancement Approach over Bluetooth Networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Son, L.T.; Schiøler, Henrik; Madsen, Ole Brun

2003-01-01

This paper analyzes network traffic control issues in Bluetooth data networks as convex optimization problem. We formulate the problem of maximizing of total network flows and minimizing the costs of flows. An adaptive distributed network traffic control scheme is proposed as an approximated solu...... as capacity limitations and flow requirements in the network. Simulation shows that the performance of Bluetooth networks could be improved by applying the adaptive distributed network traffic control scheme...... solution of the stated optimization problem that satisfies quality of service requirements and topologically induced constraints in Bluetooth networks, such as link capacity and node resource limitations. The proposed scheme is decentralized and complies with frequent changes of topology as well......This paper analyzes network traffic control issues in Bluetooth data networks as convex optimization problem. We formulate the problem of maximizing of total network flows and minimizing the costs of flows. An adaptive distributed network traffic control scheme is proposed as an approximated...

Network structure exploration in networks with node attributes

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Yi; Wang, Xiaolong; Bu, Junzhao; Tang, Buzhou; Xiang, Xin

2016-05-01

Complex networks provide a powerful way to represent complex systems and have been widely studied during the past several years. One of the most important tasks of network analysis is to detect structures (also called structural regularities) embedded in networks by determining group number and group partition. Most of network structure exploration models only consider network links. However, in real world networks, nodes may have attributes that are useful for network structure exploration. In this paper, we propose a novel Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) model to explore structural regularities in networks with node attributes, called Bayesian nonparametric attribute (BNPA) model. This model does not only take full advantage of both links between nodes and node attributes for group partition via shared hidden variables, but also determine group number automatically via the Bayesian nonparametric theory. Experiments conducted on a number of real and synthetic networks show that our BNPA model is able to automatically explore structural regularities in networks with node attributes and is competitive with other state-of-the-art models.

Undermining and Strengthening Social Networks through Network Modification

Science.gov (United States)

Mellon, Jonathan; Yoder, Jordan; Evans, Daniel

2016-10-01

Social networks have well documented effects at the individual and aggregate level. Consequently it is often useful to understand how an attempt to influence a network will change its structure and consequently achieve other goals. We develop a framework for network modification that allows for arbitrary objective functions, types of modification (e.g. edge weight addition, edge weight removal, node removal, and covariate value change), and recovery mechanisms (i.e. how a network responds to interventions). The framework outlined in this paper helps both to situate the existing work on network interventions but also opens up many new possibilities for intervening in networks. In particular use two case studies to highlight the potential impact of empirically calibrating the objective function and network recovery mechanisms as well as showing how interventions beyond node removal can be optimised. First, we simulate an optimal removal of nodes from the Noordin terrorist network in order to reduce the expected number of attacks (based on empirically predicting the terrorist collaboration network from multiple types of network ties). Second, we simulate optimally strengthening ties within entrepreneurial ecosystems in six developing countries. In both cases we estimate ERGM models to simulate how a network will endogenously evolve after intervention.

Declarative Networking

CERN Document Server

Loo, Boon Thau

2012-01-01

Declarative Networking is a programming methodology that enables developers to concisely specify network protocols and services, which are directly compiled to a dataflow framework that executes the specifications. Declarative networking proposes the use of a declarative query language for specifying and implementing network protocols, and employs a dataflow framework at runtime for communication and maintenance of network state. The primary goal of declarative networking is to greatly simplify the process of specifying, implementing, deploying and evolving a network design. In addition, decla

Recent advances on failure and recovery in networks of networks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shekhtman, Louis M.; Danziger, Michael M.; Havlin, Shlomo

2016-01-01

Until recently, network science has focused on the properties of single isolated networks that do not interact or depend on other networks. However it has now been recognized that many real-networks, such as power grids, transportation systems, and communication infrastructures interact and depend on other networks. Here, we will present a review of the framework developed in recent years for studying the vulnerability and recovery of networks composed of interdependent networks. In interdependent networks, when nodes in one network fail, they cause dependent nodes in other networks to also fail. This is also the case when some nodes, like for example certain people, play a role in two networks, i.e. in a multiplex. Dependency relations may act recursively and can lead to cascades of failures concluding in sudden fragmentation of the system. We review the analytical solutions for the critical threshold and the giant component of a network of n interdependent networks. The general theory and behavior of interdependent networks has many novel features that are not present in classical network theory. Interdependent networks embedded in space are significantly more vulnerable compared to non-embedded networks. In particular, small localized attacks may lead to cascading failures and catastrophic consequences. Finally, when recovery of components is possible, global spontaneous recovery of the networks and hysteresis phenomena occur. The theory developed for this process points to an optimal repairing strategy for a network of networks. Understanding realistic effects present in networks of networks is required in order to move towards determining system vulnerability.

vhv supply networks, problems of network structure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raimbault, J

1966-04-01

The present and future power requirements of the Paris area and the structure of the existing networks are discussed. The various limitations that will have to be allowed for to lay down the structure of a regional transmission network leading in the power of the large national transmission network to within the Paris built up area are described. The theoretical solution that has been adopted, and the features of its final achievement, which is planned for about the year 2000, and the intermediate stages are given. The problem of the structure of the National Power Transmission network which is to supply the regional network was studied. To solve this problem, a 730 kV voltage network will have to be introduced.

Network configuration of global R&D networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Zaza Nadja Lee; Srai, Jagjit Singh

2011-01-01

, network configuration of global R&D has tended to focus on strategic elements with limited attention given operational effectiveness, or to interfaces with downstream manufacturing operations. Within OM literature, the drivers of configuration of global networks within, engineering, production, supply...... to R&D networks emerged, e.g. product features were more prominent in R&D networks. Furthermore, the study has shown extensive interaction with other operations, including many downstream manufacturing operations. By extending the OM configuration concepts to the configuration of R&D networks......Companies are increasingly globalising their R&D activities, both within the firms and with external partners, with consequent implications for their interaction with manufacturing operations. Previous research in R&D networks has focused on coordination, governance and support elements. However...

Innovation in Multiple Networks and Networks of Networks: The Case of the Fruit Sector in Emilia‐Romagna

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Davide Viaggi

2013-02-01

Full Text Available In the paper we examine the issue of food systems in which farms participate in multiple networks that, for their part, tend also to be members of networks of networks. The issue is addressed through a descriptive analysis of the fruit sector in Emilia‐Romagna (Italy. The farms in the area tend to join a different network for each product/product type. Innovation networks are embedded in commercialization or input provider networks, but separate (parallel networks also exist, particularly for basic research activities. Networks of networks are largely a product of the cooperative system. The paper concludes by emphasising the need for further research in multiple networking strategies and the connection betweencommercialisation networks and innovation.

Applying Physical-Layer Network Coding in Wireless Networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liew SoungChang

2010-01-01

Full Text Available A main distinguishing feature of a wireless network compared with a wired network is its broadcast nature, in which the signal transmitted by a node may reach several other nodes, and a node may receive signals from several other nodes, simultaneously. Rather than a blessing, this feature is treated more as an interference-inducing nuisance in most wireless networks today (e.g., IEEE 802.11. This paper shows that the concept of network coding can be applied at the physical layer to turn the broadcast property into a capacity-boosting advantage in wireless ad hoc networks. Specifically, we propose a physical-layer network coding (PNC scheme to coordinate transmissions among nodes. In contrast to "straightforward" network coding which performs coding arithmetic on digital bit streams after they have been received, PNC makes use of the additive nature of simultaneously arriving electromagnetic (EM waves for equivalent coding operation. And in doing so, PNC can potentially achieve 100% and 50% throughput increases compared with traditional transmission and straightforward network coding, respectively, in 1D regular linear networks with multiple random flows. The throughput improvements are even larger in 2D regular networks: 200% and 100%, respectively.

Network cohesion

OpenAIRE

Cavalcanti, Tiago Vanderlei; Giannitsarou, Chrysi; Johnson, CR

2017-01-01

We define a measure of network cohesion and show how it arises naturally in a broad class of dynamic models of endogenous perpetual growth with network externalities. Via a standard growth model, we show why network cohesion is crucial for conditional convergence and explain that as cohesion increases, convergence is faster. We prove properties of network cohesion and define a network aggregator that preserves network cohesion.

Spatial networks

Science.gov (United States)

Barthélemy, Marc

2011-02-01

Complex systems are very often organized under the form of networks where nodes and edges are embedded in space. Transportation and mobility networks, Internet, mobile phone networks, power grids, social and contact networks, and neural networks, are all examples where space is relevant and where topology alone does not contain all the information. Characterizing and understanding the structure and the evolution of spatial networks is thus crucial for many different fields, ranging from urbanism to epidemiology. An important consequence of space on networks is that there is a cost associated with the length of edges which in turn has dramatic effects on the topological structure of these networks. We will thoroughly explain the current state of our understanding of how the spatial constraints affect the structure and properties of these networks. We will review the most recent empirical observations and the most important models of spatial networks. We will also discuss various processes which take place on these spatial networks, such as phase transitions, random walks, synchronization, navigation, resilience, and disease spread.

Network Ambivalence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrick Jagoda

2015-08-01

Full Text Available The language of networks now describes everything from the Internet to the economy to terrorist organizations. In distinction to a common view of networks as a universal, originary, or necessary form that promises to explain everything from neural structures to online traffic, this essay emphasizes the contingency of the network imaginary. Network form, in its role as our current cultural dominant, makes scarcely imaginable the possibility of an alternative or an outside uninflected by networks. If so many things and relationships are figured as networks, however, then what is not a network? If a network points towards particular logics and qualities of relation in our historical present, what others might we envision in the future? In  many ways, these questions are unanswerable from within the contemporary moment. Instead of seeking an avant-garde approach (to move beyond networks or opting out of networks (in some cases, to recover elements of pre-networked existence, this essay proposes a third orientation: one of ambivalence that operates as a mode of extreme presence. I propose the concept of "network aesthetics," which can be tracked across artistic media and cultural forms, as a model, style, and pedagogy for approaching interconnection in the twenty-first century. The following essay is excerpted from Network Ambivalence (Forthcoming from University of Chicago Press. 

Inferring general relations between network characteristics from specific network ensembles.

Science.gov (United States)

Cardanobile, Stefano; Pernice, Volker; Deger, Moritz; Rotter, Stefan

2012-01-01

Different network models have been suggested for the topology underlying complex interactions in natural systems. These models are aimed at replicating specific statistical features encountered in real-world networks. However, it is rarely considered to which degree the results obtained for one particular network class can be extrapolated to real-world networks. We address this issue by comparing different classical and more recently developed network models with respect to their ability to generate networks with large structural variability. In particular, we consider the statistical constraints which the respective construction scheme imposes on the generated networks. After having identified the most variable networks, we address the issue of which constraints are common to all network classes and are thus suitable candidates for being generic statistical laws of complex networks. In fact, we find that generic, not model-related dependencies between different network characteristics do exist. This makes it possible to infer global features from local ones using regression models trained on networks with high generalization power. Our results confirm and extend previous findings regarding the synchronization properties of neural networks. Our method seems especially relevant for large networks, which are difficult to map completely, like the neural networks in the brain. The structure of such large networks cannot be fully sampled with the present technology. Our approach provides a method to estimate global properties of under-sampled networks in good approximation. Finally, we demonstrate on three different data sets (C. elegans neuronal network, R. prowazekii metabolic network, and a network of synonyms extracted from Roget's Thesaurus) that real-world networks have statistical relations compatible with those obtained using regression models.

Autobiografía de Juan Miguel Acevedo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Miguel Acevedo

1969-06-01

Full Text Available Cuatro años ha que había empezado a escribir esta obra, cuando llegó a mis manos la filosófica carta que en junio de 72 dirige el sabio y erudito doctor Ricardo de la Parra al señor José Caicedo Rojas. La lectura de esta carta hizo caer la puma de mis manos y destruyó mis borrados. Me encontraba con un hombre sumamente estudioso, que se me había adelantado en sus dudas y en sus estudios sobre religión.

Control y reconocimiento táctil aplicado en tareas de manipulación de objetos deformables

OpenAIRE

Delgado Rodríguez, Ángel

2017-01-01

En esta Tesis se presenta una arquitectura innovadora para el control de tareas de manipulación de objetos deformables, usando sistemas robóticos compuestos por brazos articulados y manos humanoides. Esta arquitectura se basa principalmente en información sensorial obtenida desde sensores táctiles con los que se ha equipado a las manos robóticas. El principal objetivo del desarrollo de las técnicas que se describirán en esta memoria es obtener un sistema fiable, aplicable, y adaptable. Para q...

Generación o destrucción de valor: El caso de la deuda

OpenAIRE

WONG BOREN, ADRIÁN; VILLALPANDO CADENA, PAULA; BLANCO JIMÉNEZ, MÓNICA

2007-01-01

El estudio de la estructura de capital procura explicar la mezcla de las fuentes del financiamiento en las cuales la deuda es de suma importancia. Se ha dicho que el lado derecho del balance crea más abundancia que el lado de la mano izquierda; después de todo, el lado de la mano izquierda es representado solamente por la promesa de papel de entregar recursos económicos en el futuro. No hay teoría universal de la opción de la deuda-equidad. Absolutamente el contrari...

Impacto de la inmigración haitiana sobre el mercado laboral y las finanzas públicas de la República Dominicana

OpenAIRE

Aristy-Escuder, Jaime

2010-01-01

La pobreza del pueblo haitiano influye de forma determinante sobre los flujos migratorios hacia la República Dominicana. Este artículo se propone estimar el impacto de la inmigración haitiana sobre el mercado laboral dominicano, así como sobre sus finanzas públicas. Luego de un exhaustivo análisis teórico y aplicado, el artículo concluye que la mano de obra haitiana es complementaria al capital y a la mano de obra calificada de la República Dominicana. En cambio, es sustituta d...

Diseño de sistema de tallaje de guantes de protección basado en la antropometría de la población colombiana

OpenAIRE

Rincón Becerra, Ovidio

2014-01-01

La eficiencia del trabajo manual al emplear guantes como elemento de protección personal, está fuertemente relacionada con su correspondencia hacia la antropometría de la mano, lo que es determinado por el número de tallas y los intervalos entre ellas. El objetivo de esta investigación es desarrollar un sistema de tallaje de guantes de protección en cuero (carnaza), basado en datos antropométricos colombianos, para mejorar las condiciones de ajuste a la mano y de esta forma, el ...

Maximum entropy networks are more controllable than preferential attachment networks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hou, Lvlin; Small, Michael; Lao, Songyang

2014-01-01

A maximum entropy (ME) method to generate typical scale-free networks has been recently introduced. We investigate the controllability of ME networks and Barabási–Albert preferential attachment networks. Our experimental results show that ME networks are significantly more easily controlled than BA networks of the same size and the same degree distribution. Moreover, the control profiles are used to provide insight into control properties of both classes of network. We identify and classify the driver nodes and analyze the connectivity of their neighbors. We find that driver nodes in ME networks have fewer mutual neighbors and that their neighbors have lower average degree. We conclude that the properties of the neighbors of driver node sensitively affect the network controllability. Hence, subtle and important structural differences exist between BA networks and typical scale-free networks of the same degree distribution. - Highlights: • The controllability of maximum entropy (ME) and Barabási–Albert (BA) networks is investigated. • ME networks are significantly more easily controlled than BA networks of the same degree distribution. • The properties of the neighbors of driver node sensitively affect the network controllability. • Subtle and important structural differences exist between BA networks and typical scale-free networks

Network Learning and Innovation in SME Formal Networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jivka Deiters

2013-02-01

Full Text Available The driver for this paper is the need to better understand the potential for learning and innovation that networks canprovide especially for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs which comprise by far the majority of enterprises in the food sector. With the challenges the food sector is facing in the near future, learning and innovation or more focused, as it is being discussed in the paper, ‘learning for innovation’ are not just opportunities but pre‐conditions for the sustainability of the sector. Network initiatives that could provide appropriate support involve social interaction and knowledge exchange, learning, competence development, and coordination (organization and management of implementation. The analysis identifies case studies in any of these orientations which serve different stages of the innovation process: invention and implementation. The variety of network case studies cover networks linked to a focus group for training, research, orconsulting, networks dealing with focused market oriented product or process development, promotional networks, and networks for open exchange and social networking.

Interconnected networks

CERN Document Server

2016-01-01

This volume provides an introduction to and overview of the emerging field of interconnected networks which include multi layer or multiplex networks, as well as networks of networks. Such networks present structural and dynamical features quite different from those observed in isolated networks. The presence of links between different networks or layers of a network typically alters the way such interconnected networks behave – understanding the role of interconnecting links is therefore a crucial step towards a more accurate description of real-world systems. While examples of such dissimilar properties are becoming more abundant – for example regarding diffusion, robustness and competition – the root of such differences remains to be elucidated. Each chapter in this topical collection is self-contained and can be read on its own, thus making it also suitable as reference for experienced researchers wishing to focus on a particular topic.

Do Policy Networks lead to Network Governing?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Damgaard, Bodil

This paper challenges the notion that creation of local policy networks necessarily leads to network governing. Through actor-centred case studies in the area of municipally implemented employment policy in Denmark it was found that the local governing mode is determined mainly by the municipality......’s approach to local co-governing as well as by the capacity and interest of key private actors. It is argued that national legislation requesting the creation of local policy networks was not enough to assure network governing and the case studies show that local policy networks may subsist also under...... hierarchical governing modes. Reasons why hierarchical governing modes prevail over network governing in some settings are identified pointing to both actor borne and structural factors. Output indicators of the four cases do not show that a particular governing mode is more efficient in its employment policy...

Application of Butterfly Clos-Network in Network-on-Chip

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hui Liu

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This paper studied the topology of NoC (Network-on-Chip. By combining the characteristics of the Clos network and butterfly network, a new topology named BFC (Butterfly Clos-network network was proposed. This topology integrates several modules, which belongs to the same layer but different dimensions, into a new module. In the BFC network, a bidirectional link is used to complete information exchange, instead of information exchange between different layers in the original network. During the routing period, other nondestination nodes can be used as middle stages to transfer data packets to complete the routing mission. Therefore, this topology has the characteristic of multistage. Simulation analyses show that BFC inherits the rich path diversity of Clos network, and it has a better performance than butterfly network in throughput and delay in a quite congested traffic pattern.

Biological Networks Entropies: Examples in Neural Memory Networks, Genetic Regulation Networks and Social Epidemic Networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jacques Demongeot

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Networks used in biological applications at different scales (molecule, cell and population are of different types: neuronal, genetic, and social, but they share the same dynamical concepts, in their continuous differential versions (e.g., non-linear Wilson-Cowan system as well as in their discrete Boolean versions (e.g., non-linear Hopfield system; in both cases, the notion of interaction graph G(J associated to its Jacobian matrix J, and also the concepts of frustrated nodes, positive or negative circuits of G(J, kinetic energy, entropy, attractors, structural stability, etc., are relevant and useful for studying the dynamics and the robustness of these systems. We will give some general results available for both continuous and discrete biological networks, and then study some specific applications of three new notions of entropy: (i attractor entropy, (ii isochronal entropy and (iii entropy centrality; in three domains: a neural network involved in the memory evocation, a genetic network responsible of the iron control and a social network accounting for the obesity spread in high school environment.

Temporal networks

CERN Document Server

Saramäki, Jari

2013-01-01

The concept of temporal networks is an extension of complex networks as a modeling framework to include information on when interactions between nodes happen. Many studies of the last decade examine how the static network structure affect dynamic systems on the network. In this traditional approach  the temporal aspects are pre-encoded in the dynamic system model. Temporal-network methods, on the other hand, lift the temporal information from the level of system dynamics to the mathematical representation of the contact network itself. This framework becomes particularly useful for cases where there is a lot of structure and heterogeneity both in the timings of interaction events and the network topology. The advantage compared to common static network approaches is the ability to design more accurate models in order to explain and predict large-scale dynamic phenomena (such as, e.g., epidemic outbreaks and other spreading phenomena). On the other hand, temporal network methods are mathematically and concept...

Mitigating Inter-Network Interference in LoRa Networks

OpenAIRE

Voigt, Thiemo; Bor, Martin; Roedig, Utz; Alonso, Juan

2017-01-01

Long Range (LoRa) is a popular technology used to construct Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) networks. Given the popularity of LoRa it is likely that multiple independent LoRa networks are deployed in close proximity. In this situation, neighbouring networks interfere and methods have to be found to combat this interference. In this paper we investigate the use of directional antennae and the use of multiple base stations as methods of dealing with inter-network interference. Directional a...

Maximal network reliability for a stochastic power transmission network

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin, Yi-Kuei; Yeh, Cheng-Ta

2011-01-01

Many studies regarded a power transmission network as a binary-state network and constructed it with several arcs and vertices to evaluate network reliability. In practice, the power transmission network should be stochastic because each arc (transmission line) combined with several physical lines is multistate. Network reliability is the probability that the network can transmit d units of electric power from a power plant (source) to a high voltage substation at a specific area (sink). This study focuses on searching for the optimal transmission line assignment to the power transmission network such that network reliability is maximized. A genetic algorithm based method integrating the minimal paths and the Recursive Sum of Disjoint Products is developed to solve this assignment problem. A real power transmission network is adopted to demonstrate the computational efficiency of the proposed method while comparing with the random solution generation approach.

Network workshop

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bruun, Jesper; Evans, Robert Harry

2014-01-01

This paper describes the background for, realisation of and author reflections on a network workshop held at ESERA2013. As a new research area in science education, networks offer a unique opportunity to visualise and find patterns and relationships in complicated social or academic network data....... These include student relations and interactions and epistemic and linguistic networks of words, concepts and actions. Network methodology has already found use in science education research. However, while networks hold the potential for new insights, they have not yet found wide use in the science education...... research community. With this workshop, participants were offered a way into network science based on authentic educational research data. The workshop was constructed as an inquiry lesson with emphasis on user autonomy. Learning activities had participants choose to work with one of two cases of networks...

On the Design of Energy Efficient Optical Networks with Software Defined Networking Control Across Core and Access Networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wang, Jiayuan; Yan, Ying; Dittmann, Lars

2013-01-01

This paper presents a Software Defined Networking (SDN) control plane based on an overlay GMPLS control model. The SDN control platform manages optical core networks (WDM/DWDM networks) and the associated access networks (GPON networks), which makes it possible to gather global information...... and enable wider areas' energy efficiency networking. The energy related information of the networks and the types of the traffic flows are collected and utilized for the end-to-end QoS provision. Dynamic network simulation results show that by applying different routing algorithms according to the type...... of traffic in the core networks, the energy efficiency of the network is improved without compromising the quality of service....

Exploring biological network structure with clustered random networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bansal Shweta

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Complex biological systems are often modeled as networks of interacting units. Networks of biochemical interactions among proteins, epidemiological contacts among hosts, and trophic interactions in ecosystems, to name a few, have provided useful insights into the dynamical processes that shape and traverse these systems. The degrees of nodes (numbers of interactions and the extent of clustering (the tendency for a set of three nodes to be interconnected are two of many well-studied network properties that can fundamentally shape a system. Disentangling the interdependent effects of the various network properties, however, can be difficult. Simple network models can help us quantify the structure of empirical networked systems and understand the impact of various topological properties on dynamics. Results Here we develop and implement a new Markov chain simulation algorithm to generate simple, connected random graphs that have a specified degree sequence and level of clustering, but are random in all other respects. The implementation of the algorithm (ClustRNet: Clustered Random Networks provides the generation of random graphs optimized according to a local or global, and relative or absolute measure of clustering. We compare our algorithm to other similar methods and show that ours more successfully produces desired network characteristics. Finding appropriate null models is crucial in bioinformatics research, and is often difficult, particularly for biological networks. As we demonstrate, the networks generated by ClustRNet can serve as random controls when investigating the impacts of complex network features beyond the byproduct of degree and clustering in empirical networks. Conclusion ClustRNet generates ensembles of graphs of specified edge structure and clustering. These graphs allow for systematic study of the impacts of connectivity and redundancies on network function and dynamics. This process is a key step in

Modelling dendritic ecological networks in space: anintegrated network perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Peterson, Erin E.; Ver Hoef, Jay M.; Isaak, Dan J.; Falke, Jeffrey A.; Fortin, Marie-Josée; Jordon, Chris E.; McNyset, Kristina; Monestiez, Pascal; Ruesch, Aaron S.; Sengupta, Aritra; Som, Nicholas; Steel, E. Ashley; Theobald, David M.; Torgersen, Christian E.; Wenger, Seth J.

2013-01-01

Dendritic ecological networks (DENs) are a unique form of ecological networks that exhibit a dendritic network topology (e.g. stream and cave networks or plant architecture). DENs have a dual spatial representation; as points within the network and as points in geographical space. Consequently, some analytical methods used to quantify relationships in other types of ecological networks, or in 2-D space, may be inadequate for studying the influence of structure and connectivity on ecological processes within DENs. We propose a conceptual taxonomy of network analysis methods that account for DEN characteristics to varying degrees and provide a synthesis of the different approaches within

Energy-aware virtual network embedding in flexi-grid networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Rongping; Luo, Shan; Wang, Haoran; Wang, Sheng

2017-11-27

Network virtualization technology has been proposed to allow multiple heterogeneous virtual networks (VNs) to coexist on a shared substrate network, which increases the utilization of the substrate network. Efficiently mapping VNs on the substrate network is a major challenge on account of the VN embedding (VNE) problem. Meanwhile, energy efficiency has been widely considered in the network design in terms of operation expenses and the ecological awareness. In this paper, we aim to solve the energy-aware VNE problem in flexi-grid optical networks. We provide an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation to minimize the electricity cost of each arriving VN request. We also propose a polynomial-time heuristic algorithm where virtual links are embedded sequentially to keep a reasonable acceptance ratio and maintain a low electricity cost. Numerical results show that the heuristic algorithm performs closely to the ILP for a small size network, and we also demonstrate its applicability to larger networks.

Resilient Disaster Network Based on Software Defined Cognitive Wireless Network Technology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Goshi Sato

2015-01-01

Full Text Available In order to temporally recover the information network infrastructure in disaster areas from the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, various wireless network technologies such as satellite IP network, 3G, and Wi-Fi were effectively used. However, since those wireless networks are individually introduced and installed but not totally integrated, some of networks were congested due to the sudden network traffic generation and unbalanced traffic distribution, and eventually the total network could not effectively function. In this paper, we propose a disaster resilient network which integrates various wireless networks into a cognitive wireless network that users can use as an access network to the Internet at the serious disaster occurrence. We designed and developed the disaster resilient network based on software defined network (SDN technology to automatically select the best network link and route among the possible access networks to the Internet by periodically monitoring their network states and evaluate those using extended AHP method. In order to verify the usefulness of our proposed system, a prototype system is constructed and its performance is evaluated.

Deploying temporary networks for upscaling of sparse network stations

Science.gov (United States)

Coopersmith, Evan J.; Cosh, Michael H.; Bell, Jesse E.; Kelly, Victoria; Hall, Mark; Palecki, Michael A.; Temimi, Marouane

2016-10-01

Soil observations networks at the national scale play an integral role in hydrologic modeling, drought assessment, agricultural decision support, and our ability to understand climate change. Understanding soil moisture variability is necessary to apply these measurements to model calibration, business and consumer applications, or even human health issues. The installation of soil moisture sensors as sparse, national networks is necessitated by limited financial resources. However, this results in the incomplete sampling of the local heterogeneity of soil type, vegetation cover, topography, and the fine spatial distribution of precipitation events. To this end, temporary networks can be installed in the areas surrounding a permanent installation within a sparse network. The temporary networks deployed in this study provide a more representative average at the 3 km and 9 km scales, localized about the permanent gauge. The value of such temporary networks is demonstrated at test sites in Millbrook, New York and Crossville, Tennessee. The capacity of a single U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) sensor set to approximate the average of a temporary network at the 3 km and 9 km scales using a simple linear scaling function is tested. The capacity of a temporary network to provide reliable estimates with diminishing numbers of sensors, the temporal stability of those networks, and ultimately, the relationship of the variability of those networks to soil moisture conditions at the permanent sensor are investigated. In this manner, this work demonstrates the single-season installation of a temporary network as a mechanism to characterize the soil moisture variability at a permanent gauge within a sparse network.

NETWORK, HOW? Perceptions of business people on networking practices

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Saskia De Klerk

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to contribute to literature on networking from a South African perspective. Literature on networking is mainly concentrated on the European and American contexts with homogeneous groups and traditional divisions. The business landscape of South Africa thus requires more investigation. Problem investigated: Literature regarding networking in an South African context with its dynamic business environment is limited. This article addresses the concerns of how South African business owners and managers perceive networking in their businesses and specifically focus on the South African perspective. Therefore, the focus is on the perceptions of business owners and managers on current networking practices in South Africa. Methodology: A qualitative research design to uncover the rich underlying feelings of business owners and managers was used. The qualitative enquiry consisted of five focus group discussions (n=41 participants among prominent business owners and managers in the Gauteng Province, South Africa. The Gauteng Province was selected since it is the economic and innovation hub of South Africa. Findings and implications: The main findings showed the following main themes of networking that emerged from the data, and included (1 networking as a skill versus a natural ability; (2 the motivation behind networking; (3 the loci of networking; (4 the type of relationships that determine the character of the network; and (5 the relationship characteristics of successful networking. The main contribution of this is that there seems to be different networking situations and applications for different circumstances. According to the participants, it seems that networking in the South African landscape appears to be either relationship or business based. Originality and value of the research: The value of these findings lies in the fact that they contribute to networking literature from a South African perspective

Localizing and placement of network node functions in a network

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Strijkers, R.J.; Meulenhoff, P.J.

2014-01-01

The invention enables placement and use of a network node function in a second network node instead of using the network node function in a first network node. The network node function is e.g. a server function or a router function. The second network node is typically located in or close to the

Creative Network Communities in the Translocal Space of Digital Networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rasa Smite

2013-01-01

Full Text Available What should sociological research be in the age of Web 2.0? Considering that the task of “network sociology” is not only empirical research but also the interpretation of tendencies of the network culture, this research explores the rise of network communities within Eastern and Western Europe in the early Internet era. I coined the term creative networks to distinguish these early creative and social activities from today’s popular social networking. Thus I aimed to interpret the meaning of social action; the motivation of creative community actors, their main fields of activities and social organization forms; and the potential that these early developments contain for the future sustainability of networks. Data comprise interviews with networking experts and founders and members of various networks. Investigating respondents’ motivations for creating online networks and communities, and interpreting those terms, allows for comparing the creative networks of the 1990s with today’s social networks and for drawing conclusions.

Comparison analysis on vulnerability of metro networks based on complex network

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jianhua; Wang, Shuliang; Wang, Xiaoyuan

2018-04-01

This paper analyzes the networked characteristics of three metro networks, and two malicious attacks are employed to investigate the vulnerability of metro networks based on connectivity vulnerability and functionality vulnerability. Meanwhile, the networked characteristics and vulnerability of three metro networks are compared with each other. The results show that Shanghai metro network has the largest transport capacity, Beijing metro network has the best local connectivity and Guangzhou metro network has the best global connectivity, moreover Beijing metro network has the best homogeneous degree distribution. Furthermore, we find that metro networks are very vulnerable subjected to malicious attacks, and Guangzhou metro network has the best topological structure and reliability among three metro networks. The results indicate that the proposed methodology is feasible and effective to investigate the vulnerability and to explore better topological structure of metro networks.

Hierarchical Network Design

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thomadsen, Tommy

2005-01-01

Communication networks are immensely important today, since both companies and individuals use numerous services that rely on them. This thesis considers the design of hierarchical (communication) networks. Hierarchical networks consist of layers of networks and are well-suited for coping...... with changing and increasing demands. Two-layer networks consist of one backbone network, which interconnects cluster networks. The clusters consist of nodes and links, which connect the nodes. One node in each cluster is a hub node, and the backbone interconnects the hub nodes of each cluster and thus...... the clusters. The design of hierarchical networks involves clustering of nodes, hub selection, and network design, i.e. selection of links and routing of ows. Hierarchical networks have been in use for decades, but integrated design of these networks has only been considered for very special types of networks...

Network architecture in a converged optical + IP network

Science.gov (United States)

Wakim, Walid; Zottmann, Harald

2012-01-01

As demands on Provider Networks continue to grow at exponential rates, providers are forced to evaluate how to continue to grow the network while increasing service velocity, enhancing resiliency while decreasing the total cost of ownership (TCO). The bandwidth growth that networks are experiencing is in the form packet based multimedia services such as video, video conferencing, gaming, etc... mixed with Over the Top (OTT) content providers such as Netflix, and the customer's expectations that best effort is not enough you end up with a situation that forces the provider to analyze how to gain more out of the network with less cost. In this paper we will discuss changes in the network that are driving us to a tighter integration between packet and optical layers and how to improve on today's multi - layer inefficiencies to drive down network TCO and provide for a fully integrated and dynamic network that will decrease time to revenue.

Telecommunication networks

CERN Document Server

Iannone, Eugenio

2011-01-01

Many argue that telecommunications network infrastructure is the most impressive and important technology ever developed. Analyzing the telecom market's constantly evolving trends, research directions, infrastructure, and vital needs, Telecommunication Networks responds with revolutionized engineering strategies to optimize network construction. Omnipresent in society, telecom networks integrate a wide range of technologies. These include quantum field theory for the study of optical amplifiers, software architectures for network control, abstract algebra required to design error correction co

Temporal networks

Science.gov (United States)

Holme, Petter; Saramäki, Jari

2012-10-01

A great variety of systems in nature, society and technology-from the web of sexual contacts to the Internet, from the nervous system to power grids-can be modeled as graphs of vertices coupled by edges. The network structure, describing how the graph is wired, helps us understand, predict and optimize the behavior of dynamical systems. In many cases, however, the edges are not continuously active. As an example, in networks of communication via e-mail, text messages, or phone calls, edges represent sequences of instantaneous or practically instantaneous contacts. In some cases, edges are active for non-negligible periods of time: e.g., the proximity patterns of inpatients at hospitals can be represented by a graph where an edge between two individuals is on throughout the time they are at the same ward. Like network topology, the temporal structure of edge activations can affect dynamics of systems interacting through the network, from disease contagion on the network of patients to information diffusion over an e-mail network. In this review, we present the emergent field of temporal networks, and discuss methods for analyzing topological and temporal structure and models for elucidating their relation to the behavior of dynamical systems. In the light of traditional network theory, one can see this framework as moving the information of when things happen from the dynamical system on the network, to the network itself. Since fundamental properties, such as the transitivity of edges, do not necessarily hold in temporal networks, many of these methods need to be quite different from those for static networks. The study of temporal networks is very interdisciplinary in nature. Reflecting this, even the object of study has many names-temporal graphs, evolving graphs, time-varying graphs, time-aggregated graphs, time-stamped graphs, dynamic networks, dynamic graphs, dynamical graphs, and so on. This review covers different fields where temporal graphs are considered

Linear network theory

CERN Document Server

Sander, K F

1964-01-01

Linear Network Theory covers the significant algebraic aspect of network theory, with minimal reference to practical circuits. The book begins the presentation of network analysis with the exposition of networks containing resistances only, and follows it up with a discussion of networks involving inductance and capacity by way of the differential equations. Classification and description of certain networks, equivalent networks, filter circuits, and network functions are also covered. Electrical engineers, technicians, electronics engineers, electricians, and students learning the intricacies

From network structure to network reorganization: implications for adult neurogenesis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schneider-Mizell, Casey M; Zochowski, Michal R; Sander, Leonard M; Parent, Jack M; Ben-Jacob, Eshel

2010-01-01

Networks can be dynamical systems that undergo functional and structural reorganization. One example of such a process is adult hippocampal neurogenesis, in which new cells are continuously born and incorporate into the existing network of the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus. Many of these introduced cells mature and become indistinguishable from established neurons, joining the existing network. Activity in the network environment is known to promote birth, survival and incorporation of new cells. However, after epileptogenic injury, changes to the connectivity structure around the neurogenic niche are known to correlate with aberrant neurogenesis. The possible role of network-level changes in the development of epilepsy is not well understood. In this paper, we use a computational model to investigate how the structural and functional outcomes of network reorganization, driven by addition of new cells during neurogenesis, depend on the original network structure. We find that there is a stable network topology that allows the network to incorporate new neurons in a manner that enhances activity of the persistently active region, but maintains global network properties. In networks having other connectivity structures, new cells can greatly alter the distribution of firing activity and destroy the initial activity patterns. We thus find that new cells are able to provide focused enhancement of network only for small-world networks with sufficient inhibition. Network-level deviations from this topology, such as those caused by epileptogenic injury, can set the network down a path that develops toward pathological dynamics and aberrant structural integration of new cells

Correlated network of networks enhances robustness against catastrophic failures.

Science.gov (United States)

Min, Byungjoon; Zheng, Muhua

2018-01-01

Networks in nature rarely function in isolation but instead interact with one another with a form of a network of networks (NoN). A network of networks with interdependency between distinct networks contains instability of abrupt collapse related to the global rule of activation. As a remedy of the collapse instability, here we investigate a model of correlated NoN. We find that the collapse instability can be removed when hubs provide the majority of interconnections and interconnections are convergent between hubs. Thus, our study identifies a stable structure of correlated NoN against catastrophic failures. Our result further suggests a plausible way to enhance network robustness by manipulating connection patterns, along with other methods such as controlling the state of node based on a local rule.

How to construct the statistic network? An association network of herbaceous

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

WenJun Zhang

2012-06-01

Full Text Available In present study I defined a new type of network, the statistic network. The statistic network is a weighted and non-deterministic network. In the statistic network, a connection value, i.e., connection weight, represents connection strength and connection likelihood between two nodes and its absolute value falls in the interval (0,1]. The connection value is expressed as a statistical measure such as correlation coefficient, association coefficient, or Jaccard coefficient, etc. In addition, all connections of the statistic network can be statistically tested for their validity. A connection is true if the connection value is statistically significant. If all connection values of a node are not statistically significant, it is an isolated node. An isolated node has not any connection to other nodes in the statistic network. Positive and negative connection values denote distinct connectiontypes (positive or negative association or interaction. In the statistic network, two nodes with the greater connection value will show more similar trend in the change of their states. At any time we can obtain a sample network of the statistic network. A sample network is a non-weighted and deterministic network. Thestatistic network, in particular the plant association network that constructed from field sampling, is mostly an information network. Most of the interspecific relationships in plant community are competition and cooperation. Therefore in comparison to animal networks, the methodology of statistic network is moresuitable to construct plant association networks. Some conclusions were drawn from this study: (1 in the plant association network, most connections are weak and positive interactions. The association network constructed from Spearman rank correlation has most connections and isolated taxa are fewer. From net linear correlation,linear correlation, to Spearman rank correlation, the practical number of connections and connectance in the

The Network Completion Problem: Inferring Missing Nodes and Edges in Networks

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, M; Leskovec, J

2011-11-14

Network structures, such as social networks, web graphs and networks from systems biology, play important roles in many areas of science and our everyday lives. In order to study the networks one needs to first collect reliable large scale network data. While the social and information networks have become ubiquitous, the challenge of collecting complete network data still persists. Many times the collected network data is incomplete with nodes and edges missing. Commonly, only a part of the network can be observed and we would like to infer the unobserved part of the network. We address this issue by studying the Network Completion Problem: Given a network with missing nodes and edges, can we complete the missing part? We cast the problem in the Expectation Maximization (EM) framework where we use the observed part of the network to fit a model of network structure, and then we estimate the missing part of the network using the model, re-estimate the parameters and so on. We combine the EM with the Kronecker graphs model and design a scalable Metropolized Gibbs sampling approach that allows for the estimation of the model parameters as well as the inference about missing nodes and edges of the network. Experiments on synthetic and several real-world networks show that our approach can effectively recover the network even when about half of the nodes in the network are missing. Our algorithm outperforms not only classical link-prediction approaches but also the state of the art Stochastic block modeling approach. Furthermore, our algorithm easily scales to networks with tens of thousands of nodes.

Network maintenance

CERN Multimedia

GS Department

2009-01-01

A site-wide network maintenance operation has been scheduled for Saturday 28 February. Most of the network devices of the general purpose network will be upgraded to a newer software version, in order to improve our network monitoring capabilities. This will result in a series of short (2-5 minutes) random interruptions everywhere on the CERN sites throughout the day. This upgrade will not affect the Computer Centre itself, Building 613, the Technical Network and the LHC experiments, dedicated networks at the pits. For further details of this intervention, please contact Netops by phone 74927 or e-mail mailto:Netops@cern.ch. IT/CS Group

Network maintenance

CERN Multimedia

IT Department

2009-01-01

A site wide network maintenance has been scheduled for Saturday 28 February. Most of the network devices of the General Purpose network will be upgraded to a newer software version, in order to improve our network monitoring capabilities. This will result in a series of short (2-5 minutes) random interruptions everywhere on the CERN sites along this day. This upgrade will not affect: the Computer centre itself, building 613, the Technical Network and the LHC experiments dedicated networks at the pits. Should you need more details on this intervention, please contact Netops by phone 74927 or email mailto:Netops@cern.ch. IT/CS Group

Network reconfiguration and neuronal plasticity in rhythm-generating networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Koch, Henner; Garcia, Alfredo J; Ramirez, Jan-Marino

2011-12-01

Neuronal networks are highly plastic and reconfigure in a state-dependent manner. The plasticity at the network level emerges through multiple intrinsic and synaptic membrane properties that imbue neurons and their interactions with numerous nonlinear properties. These properties are continuously regulated by neuromodulators and homeostatic mechanisms that are critical to maintain not only network stability and also adapt networks in a short- and long-term manner to changes in behavioral, developmental, metabolic, and environmental conditions. This review provides concrete examples from neuronal networks in invertebrates and vertebrates, and illustrates that the concepts and rules that govern neuronal networks and behaviors are universal.

Psychology and social networks: a dynamic network theory perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Westaby, James D; Pfaff, Danielle L; Redding, Nicholas

2014-04-01

Research on social networks has grown exponentially in recent years. However, despite its relevance, the field of psychology has been relatively slow to explain the underlying goal pursuit and resistance processes influencing social networks in the first place. In this vein, this article aims to demonstrate how a dynamic network theory perspective explains the way in which social networks influence these processes and related outcomes, such as goal achievement, performance, learning, and emotional contagion at the interpersonal level of analysis. The theory integrates goal pursuit, motivation, and conflict conceptualizations from psychology with social network concepts from sociology and organizational science to provide a taxonomy of social network role behaviors, such as goal striving, system supporting, goal preventing, system negating, and observing. This theoretical perspective provides psychologists with new tools to map social networks (e.g., dynamic network charts), which can help inform the development of change interventions. Implications for social, industrial-organizational, and counseling psychology as well as conflict resolution are discussed, and new opportunities for research are highlighted, such as those related to dynamic network intelligence (also known as cognitive accuracy), levels of analysis, methodological/ethical issues, and the need to theoretically broaden the study of social networking and social media behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).

Statistical network analysis for analyzing policy networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Robins, Garry; Lewis, Jenny; Wang, Peng

2012-01-01

and policy network methodology is the development of statistical modeling approaches that can accommodate such dependent data. In this article, we review three network statistical methods commonly used in the current literature: quadratic assignment procedures, exponential random graph models (ERGMs......To analyze social network data using standard statistical approaches is to risk incorrect inference. The dependencies among observations implied in a network conceptualization undermine standard assumptions of the usual general linear models. One of the most quickly expanding areas of social......), and stochastic actor-oriented models. We focus most attention on ERGMs by providing an illustrative example of a model for a strategic information network within a local government. We draw inferences about the structural role played by individuals recognized as key innovators and conclude that such an approach...

Animal transportation networks

Science.gov (United States)

Perna, Andrea; Latty, Tanya

2014-01-01

Many group-living animals construct transportation networks of trails, galleries and burrows by modifying the environment to facilitate faster, safer or more efficient movement. Animal transportation networks can have direct influences on the fitness of individuals, whereas the shape and structure of transportation networks can influence community dynamics by facilitating contacts between different individuals and species. In this review, we discuss three key areas in the study of animal transportation networks: the topological properties of networks, network morphogenesis and growth, and the behaviour of network users. We present a brief primer on elements of network theory, and then discuss the different ways in which animal groups deal with the fundamental trade-off between the competing network properties of travel efficiency, robustness and infrastructure cost. We consider how the behaviour of network users can impact network efficiency, and call for studies that integrate both network topology and user behaviour. We finish with a prospectus for future research. PMID:25165598

ENERGY AWARE NETWORK: BAYESIAN BELIEF NETWORKS BASED DECISION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santosh Kumar Chaudhari

2011-06-01

Full Text Available A Network Management System (NMS plays a very important role in managing an ever-evolving telecommunication network. Generally an NMS monitors & maintains the health of network elements. The growing size of the network warrants extra functionalities from the NMS. An NMS provides all kinds of information about networks which can be used for other purposes apart from monitoring & maintaining networks like improving QoS & saving energy in the network. In this paper, we add another dimension to NMS services, namely, making an NMS energy aware. We propose a Decision Management System (DMS framework which uses a machine learning technique called Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN, to make the NMS energy aware. The DMS is capable of analysing and making control decisions based on network traffic. We factor in the cost of rerouting and power saving per port. Simulations are performed on standard network topologies, namely, ARPANet and IndiaNet. It is found that ~2.5-6.5% power can be saved.

Analyzing Multimode Wireless Sensor Networks Using the Network Calculus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xi Jin

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The network calculus is a powerful tool to analyze the performance of wireless sensor networks. But the original network calculus can only model the single-mode wireless sensor network. In this paper, we combine the original network calculus with the multimode model to analyze the maximum delay bound of the flow of interest in the multimode wireless sensor network. There are two combined methods A-MM and N-MM. The method A-MM models the whole network as a multimode component, and the method N-MM models each node as a multimode component. We prove that the maximum delay bound computed by the method A-MM is tighter than or equal to that computed by the method N-MM. Experiments show that our proposed methods can significantly decrease the analytical delay bound comparing with the separate flow analysis method. For the large-scale wireless sensor network with 32 thousands of sensor nodes, our proposed methods can decrease about 70% of the analytical delay bound.

Local Social Networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sapuppo, Antonio; Sørensen, Lene Tolstrup

2011-01-01

Online social networks have become essential for many users in their daily communication. Through a combination of the online social networks with opportunistic networks, a new concept arises: Local Social Networks. The target of local social networks is to promote social networking benefits...... in physical environment in order to leverage personal affinities in the users' surroundings. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss the concept of local social networks as a new social communication system. Particularly, the preliminary architecture and the prototype of local social networks...

From Offline Social Networks to Online Social Networks: Changes in Entrepreneurship

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yang SONG

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The paper reviewed studies of entrepreneurship based on the emergency of online social networks. Similar to offline social networks, entrepreneurs’ online social networks have their own unique characteristics. We first reviewed the offline network based research on entrepreneurship. Then we reviewed the studies of entrepreneurship in the context of online social networks including those focusing on topics of network structures and network ties. We highlighted online network communities based on the data collected from LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter. Our research implies that both researcher and entrepreneurs are facing new opportunities due to the emergence of online social networks.

Investigation of the network delay on Profibus-DP based network

OpenAIRE

Yılmaz, C.; Gürdal, O.; Sayan, H.H.

2008-01-01

The mathematical model of the network-induced delay control systems (NDCS) is given. Also the role of the NDCS’s components such as controller, sensor and network environment on the network-induced delay are included in the mathematical model of the system. The network delay is investigated on Profibus-DP based network application and experimental results obtained are presented graphically. The experimental results obtained show that the network induced delay is randomly changed according to ...

Vulnerability of complex networks

Science.gov (United States)

Mishkovski, Igor; Biey, Mario; Kocarev, Ljupco

2011-01-01

We consider normalized average edge betweenness of a network as a metric of network vulnerability. We suggest that normalized average edge betweenness together with is relative difference when certain number of nodes and/or edges are removed from the network is a measure of network vulnerability, called vulnerability index. Vulnerability index is calculated for four synthetic networks: Erdős-Rényi (ER) random networks, Barabási-Albert (BA) model of scale-free networks, Watts-Strogatz (WS) model of small-world networks, and geometric random networks. Real-world networks for which vulnerability index is calculated include: two human brain networks, three urban networks, one collaboration network, and two power grid networks. We find that WS model of small-world networks and biological networks (human brain networks) are the most robust networks among all networks studied in the paper.

Friendly network robotics; Friendly network robotics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

This paper summarizes the research results on the friendly network robotics in fiscal 1996. This research assumes an android robot as an ultimate robot and the future robot system utilizing computer network technology. The robot aiming at human daily work activities in factories or under extreme environments is required to work under usual human work environments. The human robot with similar size, shape and functions to human being is desirable. Such robot having a head with two eyes, two ears and mouth can hold a conversation with human being, can walk with two legs by autonomous adaptive control, and has a behavior intelligence. Remote operation of such robot is also possible through high-speed computer network. As a key technology to use this robot under coexistence with human being, establishment of human coexistent robotics was studied. As network based robotics, use of robots connected with computer networks was also studied. In addition, the R-cube (R{sup 3}) plan (realtime remote control robot technology) was proposed. 82 refs., 86 figs., 12 tabs.

Networked Identities

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ryberg, Thomas; Larsen, Malene Charlotte

2008-01-01

of CoPs we shall argue that the metaphor or theory of networked learning is itself confronted with some central tensions and challenges that need to be addressed. We then explore these theoretical and analytic challenges to the network metaphor, through an analysis of a Danish social networking site. We......In this article we take up a critique of the concept of Communities of Practice (CoP) voiced by several authors, who suggest that networks may provide a better metaphor to understand social forms of organisation and learning. Through a discussion of the notion of networked learning and the critique...... argue that understanding meaning-making and ‘networked identities’ may be relevant analytic entry points in navigating the challenges....

Seguridad pública y neoconservadurismo en la Argentina neoliberal: La construcción social de la "inseguridad" durante los años noventa: "combate a la delincuencia", "tolerancia cero" y "mano dura"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Cerruti

2013-12-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se indaga el modo en que se construyó a la "inseguridad" en un problema público-político durante la segunda mitad de la década de los noventa como una modalidad de representación en términos delictivos y de gestión policíaca de la conflictividad y la inseguridad social. Se parte de la hipótesis de que dicha construcción formó parte de un proceso de transformación de la sociedad argentina asociado con la reforma neoliberal del Estado. Para demostrarlo, brevemente se sitúan, como antecedentes inmediatos al período de análisis, algunas de las principales consecuencias sociales de la reforma neoliberal iniciada durante la última dictadura cívico-militar (1976-1983 y se destaca al período hiperinflacionario (1989-1990 como el momento en el que emergen los discursos sobre la "inseguridad". Luego, se analiza en detalle el modo en que durante la década de los noventa la "inseguridad" se conformó como una de las principales preocupaciones de la opinión pública, uno de los temas decisivos en las disputas políticas y se introdujo como eje prioritario en la agenda de gobierno del presidente Carlos Menem a través de una campaña mediático-política de "combate a la delincuencia" ordenada en los términos de la "mano dura" y la "tolerancia cero". A través de dicha indagación, se argumenta que la "inseguridad" constituyó el vórtice de una matriz discursiva que legitimó un paradigma neoconservador de gestión de las consecuencias sociales de la reestructuración económica neoliberal y operó como un mecanismo reproductor de la exclusión social.

Location based Network Optimizations for Mobile Wireless Networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Jimmy Jessen

selection in Wi-Fi networks and predictive handover optimization in heterogeneous wireless networks. The investigations in this work have indicated that location based network optimizations are beneficial compared to typical link measurement based approaches. Especially the knowledge of geographical...

Network Performance Improvement under Epidemic Failures in Optical Transport Networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fagertun, Anna Manolova; Ruepp, Sarah Renée

2013-01-01

In this paper we investigate epidemic failure spreading in large- scale GMPLS-controlled transport networks. By evaluating the effect of the epidemic failure spreading on the network, we design several strategies for cost-effective network performance improvement via differentiated repair times....... First we identify the most vulnerable and the most strategic nodes in the network. Then, via extensive simulations we show that strategic placement of resources for improved failure recovery has better performance than randomly assigning lower repair times among the network nodes. Our OPNET simulation...... model can be used during the network planning process for facilitating cost- effective network survivability design....

CDC: Consejos de exfumadores: El Consejo de Jessica Sobre el Asma PSA (:30)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

La exposición al humo de segunda mano puede provocar un ataque de asma que puede ser mortal. Este anuncio de servicio público de 30 segundos de la campaña de los CDC “Consejos de exfumadores”, muestra a Jessica, la madre de un niño pequeño que tiene ataques de asma por la exposición al humo de segunda mano. Su consejo es que las personas no sientan pena de decirles a otras que no fumen cerca de sus hijos.

Ciénaga (Magdalena, una región administrativa o municipio de enclave

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Humberto Hernández

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El análisis sobre las regiones de enclave, el caso del municipio de Ciénaga, en el Magdalena, nos permitió concluir que su proceso de modernización estuvo determinado por la presencia de la empresa multinacional bananera United Fruit Company. La multinacional bananera fue la que introdujo en la región el trabajo asalariado moderno, dislocando las formas serviles y premodernas existentes. Al atraer la mano de obra servil regional, que utilizaban las haciendas ganaderas, y convertirla en mano de obra asalariada, fundamentó sus procesos socioeconómicos y político administrativo modernos.

Artropatía psoriásica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clara García Lahera

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Se presenta una paciente femenina, de procedencia urbana, con antecedentes patológicos personales de hipertensión arterial, que comenzó con lesiones a nivel de las uñas de las manos y los pies, luego tuvo afección articular de las rodillas, los hombros y las manos. Posteriormente aparecieron lesiones eritematoescamosas, correspondientes con una psoriasis. La aparición de la artropatía psoriásica antes que las lesiones de la piel es poco frecuente, constituyendo la motivación a la presentación del caso

La obsolescencia programada en el bien de consumo y la dinámica del mercado

OpenAIRE

Espeleta Rios, Ana Milena

2017-01-01

Las economías mundiales en proceso de recuperación, con grandes fábricas y una dotación mano de obra altamente productiva, demandaban del mercado un mayor nivel de consumo. Este entorno propició el cambio de foco económico hacia una sociedad de consumo. En este escenario se desarrolla la Obsolescencia Programada como una saludable insatisfacción en cuanto a hacer las cosas menos bien de lo que pueden hacerse con la intención de aumentar la rotación de los productos en mano de los consumidores...

Estructuras articulares, funcionales y anatómicas en la técnica de rotura de poder en el Taekwon-do

OpenAIRE

Bulens, Marlene

2013-01-01

El objetivo de la siguiente ponencia, es examinar aspectos anatómicos-funcionales y biomecánicos necesarios para lograr un correcto gesto técnico de la muñeca y de la mano, durante el desarrollo de la técnica de rotura de poder con golpe de puño en el Taekwon-do que conlleva a una excesiva fuerza de compresión articular que resiste la muñeca y la mano además del constante ajuste de la técnica para reestablecer la estabilidad. Hay tensiones musculares producidas por los músculos del antebra...

Network Traffic Prediction Based on Deep Belief Network and Spatiotemporal Compressive Sensing in Wireless Mesh Backbone Networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laisen Nie

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Wireless mesh network is prevalent for providing a decentralized access for users and other intelligent devices. Meanwhile, it can be employed as the infrastructure of the last few miles connectivity for various network applications, for example, Internet of Things (IoT and mobile networks. For a wireless mesh backbone network, it has obtained extensive attention because of its large capacity and low cost. Network traffic prediction is important for network planning and routing configurations that are implemented to improve the quality of service for users. This paper proposes a network traffic prediction method based on a deep learning architecture and the Spatiotemporal Compressive Sensing method. The proposed method first adopts discrete wavelet transform to extract the low-pass component of network traffic that describes the long-range dependence of itself. Then, a prediction model is built by learning a deep architecture based on the deep belief network from the extracted low-pass component. Otherwise, for the remaining high-pass component that expresses the gusty and irregular fluctuations of network traffic, the Spatiotemporal Compressive Sensing method is adopted to predict it. Based on the predictors of two components, we can obtain a predictor of network traffic. From the simulation, the proposed prediction method outperforms three existing methods.

Experimental performance evaluation of software defined networking (SDN) based data communication networks for large scale flexi-grid optical networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Yongli; He, Ruiying; Chen, Haoran; Zhang, Jie; Ji, Yuefeng; Zheng, Haomian; Lin, Yi; Wang, Xinbo

2014-04-21

Software defined networking (SDN) has become the focus in the current information and communication technology area because of its flexibility and programmability. It has been introduced into various network scenarios, such as datacenter networks, carrier networks, and wireless networks. Optical transport network is also regarded as an important application scenario for SDN, which is adopted as the enabling technology of data communication networks (DCN) instead of general multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS). However, the practical performance of SDN based DCN for large scale optical networks, which is very important for the technology selection in the future optical network deployment, has not been evaluated up to now. In this paper we have built a large scale flexi-grid optical network testbed with 1000 virtual optical transport nodes to evaluate the performance of SDN based DCN, including network scalability, DCN bandwidth limitation, and restoration time. A series of network performance parameters including blocking probability, bandwidth utilization, average lightpath provisioning time, and failure restoration time have been demonstrated under various network environments, such as with different traffic loads and different DCN bandwidths. The demonstration in this work can be taken as a proof for the future network deployment.

Networks around entrepreneurs

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bertelsen, Rasmus Gjedssø; Ashourizadeh, Shayegheh; Jensen, Kent Wickstrøm

2017-01-01

Purpose: Entrepreneurs are networking with others to get advice for their businesses. The networking differs between men and women; notably, men are more often networking in the public sphere and women are more often networking in the private sphere. The aim here is to account for how such gender......Purpose: Entrepreneurs are networking with others to get advice for their businesses. The networking differs between men and women; notably, men are more often networking in the public sphere and women are more often networking in the private sphere. The aim here is to account for how...... such gendering of entrepreneurs’ networks differ between societies and cultures. Research Design: Based on survey data from the Global Entrepreneurships Monitor, a sample of 16,365 entrepreneurs is used to compare the gendering of entrepreneurs’ networks in China, and five countries largely located around...... the Persian Gulf, namely Yemen, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and United Arab Emirates. Findings: Analyses show that female entrepreneurs tend to have slightly larger private sphere networks than male entrepreneurs. The differences between male and female entrepreneurs’ networking in the public sphere...

Networks: structure and action : steering in and steering by policy networks

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dassen, A.

2010-01-01

This thesis explores the opportunities to build a structural policy network model that is rooted in social network theories. By making a distinction between a process of steering in networks, and a process of steering by networks, it addresses the effects of network structures on network dynamics as

Modelling dendritic ecological networks in space: An integrated network perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Erin E. Peterson; Jay M. Ver Hoef; Dan J. Isaak; Jeffrey A. Falke; Marie-Josee Fortin; Chris E. Jordan; Kristina McNyset; Pascal Monestiez; Aaron S. Ruesch; Aritra Sengupta; Nicholas Som; E. Ashley Steel; David M. Theobald; Christian E. Torgersen; Seth J. Wenger

2013-01-01

Dendritic ecological networks (DENs) are a unique form of ecological networks that exhibit a dendritic network topology (e.g. stream and cave networks or plant architecture). DENs have a dual spatial representation; as points within the network and as points in geographical space. Consequently, some analytical methods used to quantify relationships in other types of...

Framework for network modularization and Bayesian network analysis to investigate the perturbed metabolic network

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kim Hyun

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Genome-scale metabolic network models have contributed to elucidating biological phenomena, and predicting gene targets to engineer for biotechnological applications. With their increasing importance, their precise network characterization has also been crucial for better understanding of the cellular physiology. Results We herein introduce a framework for network modularization and Bayesian network analysis (FMB to investigate organism’s metabolism under perturbation. FMB reveals direction of influences among metabolic modules, in which reactions with similar or positively correlated flux variation patterns are clustered, in response to specific perturbation using metabolic flux data. With metabolic flux data calculated by constraints-based flux analysis under both control and perturbation conditions, FMB, in essence, reveals the effects of specific perturbations on the biological system through network modularization and Bayesian network analysis at metabolic modular level. As a demonstration, this framework was applied to the genetically perturbed Escherichia coli metabolism, which is a lpdA gene knockout mutant, using its genome-scale metabolic network model. Conclusions After all, it provides alternative scenarios of metabolic flux distributions in response to the perturbation, which are complementary to the data obtained from conventionally available genome-wide high-throughput techniques or metabolic flux analysis.

Framework for network modularization and Bayesian network analysis to investigate the perturbed metabolic network.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Hyun Uk; Kim, Tae Yong; Lee, Sang Yup

2011-01-01

Genome-scale metabolic network models have contributed to elucidating biological phenomena, and predicting gene targets to engineer for biotechnological applications. With their increasing importance, their precise network characterization has also been crucial for better understanding of the cellular physiology. We herein introduce a framework for network modularization and Bayesian network analysis (FMB) to investigate organism's metabolism under perturbation. FMB reveals direction of influences among metabolic modules, in which reactions with similar or positively correlated flux variation patterns are clustered, in response to specific perturbation using metabolic flux data. With metabolic flux data calculated by constraints-based flux analysis under both control and perturbation conditions, FMB, in essence, reveals the effects of specific perturbations on the biological system through network modularization and Bayesian network analysis at metabolic modular level. As a demonstration, this framework was applied to the genetically perturbed Escherichia coli metabolism, which is a lpdA gene knockout mutant, using its genome-scale metabolic network model. After all, it provides alternative scenarios of metabolic flux distributions in response to the perturbation, which are complementary to the data obtained from conventionally available genome-wide high-throughput techniques or metabolic flux analysis.

Virtualized Network Function Orchestration System and Experimental Network Based QR Recognition for a 5G Mobile Access Network

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Misun Ahn

2017-12-01

Full Text Available This paper proposes a virtualized network function orchestration system based on Network Function Virtualization (NFV, one of the main technologies in 5G mobile networks. This system should provide connectivity between network devices and be able to create flexible network function and distribution. This system focuses more on access networks. By experimenting with various scenarios of user service established and activated in a network, we examine whether rapid adoption of new service is possible and whether network resources can be managed efficiently. The proposed method is based on Bluetooth transfer technology and mesh networking to provide automatic connections between network machines and on a Docker flat form, which is a container virtualization technology for setting and managing key functions. Additionally, the system includes a clustering and recovery measure regarding network function based on the Docker platform. We will briefly introduce the QR code perceived service as a user service to examine the proposal and based on this given service, we evaluate the function of the proposal and present analysis. Through the proposed approach, container relocation has been implemented according to a network device’s CPU usage and we confirm successful service through function evaluation on a real test bed. We estimate QR code recognition speed as the amount of network equipment is gradually increased, improving user service and confirm that the speed of recognition is increased as the assigned number of network devices is increased by the user service.

A Network of Networks Perspective on Global Trade.

Science.gov (United States)

Maluck, Julian; Donner, Reik V

2015-01-01

Mutually intertwined supply chains in contemporary economy result in a complex network of trade relationships with a highly non-trivial topology that varies with time. In order to understand the complex interrelationships among different countries and economic sectors, as well as their dynamics, a holistic view on the underlying structural properties of this network is necessary. This study employs multi-regional input-output data to decompose 186 national economies into 26 industry sectors and utilizes the approach of interdependent networks to analyze the substructure of the resulting international trade network for the years 1990-2011. The partition of the network into national economies is observed to be compatible with the notion of communities in the sense of complex network theory. By studying internal versus cross-subgraph contributions to established complex network metrics, new insights into the architecture of global trade are obtained, which allow to identify key elements of global economy. Specifically, financial services and business activities dominate domestic trade whereas electrical and machinery industries dominate foreign trade. In order to further specify each national sector's role individually, (cross-)clustering coefficients and cross-betweenness are obtained for different pairs of subgraphs. The corresponding analysis reveals that specific industrial sectors tend to favor distinct directionality patterns and that the cross-clustering coefficient for geographically close country pairs is remarkably high, indicating that spatial factors are still of paramount importance for the organization of trade patterns in modern economy. Regarding the evolution of the trade network's substructure, globalization is well-expressed by trends of several structural characteristics (e.g., link density and node strength) in the interacting network framework. Extreme events, such as the financial crisis 2008/2009, are manifested as anomalies superimposed to

COalitions in COOperation Networks (COCOON): Social Network Analysis and Game Theory to Enhance Cooperation Networks

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sie, Rory

2012-01-01

Sie, R. L. L. (2012). COalitions in COOperation Networks (COCOON): Social Network Analysis and Game Theory to Enhance Cooperation Networks (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). September, 28, 2012, Open Universiteit in the Netherlands (CELSTEC), Heerlen, The Netherlands.

Managing Network Partitions in Structured P2P Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Shafaat, Tallat M.; Ghodsi, Ali; Haridi, Seif

Structured overlay networks form a major class of peer-to-peer systems, which are touted for their abilities to scale, tolerate failures, and self-manage. Any long-lived Internet-scale distributed system is destined to face network partitions. Consequently, the problem of network partitions and mergers is highly related to fault-tolerance and self-management in large-scale systems. This makes it a crucial requirement for building any structured peer-to-peer systems to be resilient to network partitions. Although the problem of network partitions and mergers is highly related to fault-tolerance and self-management in large-scale systems, it has hardly been studied in the context of structured peer-to-peer systems. Structured overlays have mainly been studied under churn (frequent joins/failures), which as a side effect solves the problem of network partitions, as it is similar to massive node failures. Yet, the crucial aspect of network mergers has been ignored. In fact, it has been claimed that ring-based structured overlay networks, which constitute the majority of the structured overlays, are intrinsically ill-suited for merging rings. In this chapter, we motivate the problem of network partitions and mergers in structured overlays. We discuss how a structured overlay can automatically detect a network partition and merger. We present an algorithm for merging multiple similar ring-based overlays when the underlying network merges. We examine the solution in dynamic conditions, showing how our solution is resilient to churn during the merger, something widely believed to be difficult or impossible. We evaluate the algorithm for various scenarios and show that even when falsely detecting a merger, the algorithm quickly terminates and does not clutter the network with many messages. The algorithm is flexible as the tradeoff between message complexity and time complexity can be adjusted by a parameter.

Enabling software defined networking experiments in networked critical infrastructures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Béla Genge

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Nowadays, the fact that Networked Critical Infrastructures (NCI, e.g., power plants, water plants, oil and gas distribution infrastructures, and electricity grids, are targeted by significant cyber threats is well known. Nevertheless, recent research has shown that specific characteristics of NCI can be exploited in the enabling of more efficient mitigation techniques, while novel techniques from the field of IP networks can bring significant advantages. In this paper we explore the interconnection of NCI communication infrastructures with Software Defined Networking (SDN-enabled network topologies. SDN provides the means to create virtual networking services and to implement global networking decisions. It relies on OpenFlow to enable communication with remote devices and has been recently categorized as the “Next Big Technology”, which will revolutionize the way decisions are implemented in switches and routers. Therefore, the paper documents the first steps towards enabling an SDN-NCI and presents the impact of a Denial of Service experiment over traffic resulting from an XBee sensor network which is routed across an emulated SDN network.

Spatiotemporal Recurrent Convolutional Networks for Traffic Prediction in Transportation Networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Haiyang Yu

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Predicting large-scale transportation network traffic has become an important and challenging topic in recent decades. Inspired by the domain knowledge of motion prediction, in which the future motion of an object can be predicted based on previous scenes, we propose a network grid representation method that can retain the fine-scale structure of a transportation network. Network-wide traffic speeds are converted into a series of static images and input into a novel deep architecture, namely, spatiotemporal recurrent convolutional networks (SRCNs, for traffic forecasting. The proposed SRCNs inherit the advantages of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs and long short-term memory (LSTM neural networks. The spatial dependencies of network-wide traffic can be captured by DCNNs, and the temporal dynamics can be learned by LSTMs. An experiment on a Beijing transportation network with 278 links demonstrates that SRCNs outperform other deep learning-based algorithms in both short-term and long-term traffic prediction.

Spatiotemporal Recurrent Convolutional Networks for Traffic Prediction in Transportation Networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Haiyang; Wu, Zhihai; Wang, Shuqin; Wang, Yunpeng; Ma, Xiaolei

2017-06-26

Predicting large-scale transportation network traffic has become an important and challenging topic in recent decades. Inspired by the domain knowledge of motion prediction, in which the future motion of an object can be predicted based on previous scenes, we propose a network grid representation method that can retain the fine-scale structure of a transportation network. Network-wide traffic speeds are converted into a series of static images and input into a novel deep architecture, namely, spatiotemporal recurrent convolutional networks (SRCNs), for traffic forecasting. The proposed SRCNs inherit the advantages of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks. The spatial dependencies of network-wide traffic can be captured by DCNNs, and the temporal dynamics can be learned by LSTMs. An experiment on a Beijing transportation network with 278 links demonstrates that SRCNs outperform other deep learning-based algorithms in both short-term and long-term traffic prediction.

Evaluation of Network Reliability for Computer Networks with Multiple Sources

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yi-Kuei Lin

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Evaluating the reliability of a network with multiple sources to multiple sinks is a critical issue from the perspective of quality management. Due to the unrealistic definition of paths of network models in previous literature, existing models are not appropriate for real-world computer networks such as the Taiwan Advanced Research and Education Network (TWAREN. This paper proposes a modified stochastic-flow network model to evaluate the network reliability of a practical computer network with multiple sources where data is transmitted through several light paths (LPs. Network reliability is defined as being the probability of delivering a specified amount of data from the sources to the sink. It is taken as a performance index to measure the service level of TWAREN. This paper studies the network reliability of the international portion of TWAREN from two sources (Taipei and Hsinchu to one sink (New York that goes through a submarine and land surface cable between Taiwan and the United States.

Network science

CERN Document Server

Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo

2016-01-01

Networks are everywhere, from the Internet, to social networks, and the genetic networks that determine our biological existence. Illustrated throughout in full colour, this pioneering textbook, spanning a wide range of topics from physics to computer science, engineering, economics and the social sciences, introduces network science to an interdisciplinary audience. From the origins of the six degrees of separation to explaining why networks are robust to random failures, the author explores how viruses like Ebola and H1N1 spread, and why it is that our friends have more friends than we do. Using numerous real-world examples, this innovatively designed text includes clear delineation between undergraduate and graduate level material. The mathematical formulas and derivations are included within Advanced Topics sections, enabling use at a range of levels. Extensive online resources, including films and software for network analysis, make this a multifaceted companion for anyone with an interest in network sci...

Accelerating networks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, David M D; Onnela, Jukka-Pekka; Johnson, Neil F

2007-01-01

Evolving out-of-equilibrium networks have been under intense scrutiny recently. In many real-world settings the number of links added per new node is not constant but depends on the time at which the node is introduced in the system. This simple idea gives rise to the concept of accelerating networks, for which we review an existing definition and-after finding it somewhat constrictive-offer a new definition. The new definition provided here views network acceleration as a time dependent property of a given system as opposed to being a property of the specific algorithm applied to grow the network. The definition also covers both unweighted and weighted networks. As time-stamped network data becomes increasingly available, the proposed measures may be easily applied to such empirical datasets. As a simple case study we apply the concepts to study the evolution of three different instances of Wikipedia, namely, those in English, German, and Japanese, and find that the networks undergo different acceleration regimes in their evolution

Network traffic anomaly prediction using Artificial Neural Network

Science.gov (United States)

Ciptaningtyas, Hening Titi; Fatichah, Chastine; Sabila, Altea

2017-03-01

As the excessive increase of internet usage, the malicious software (malware) has also increase significantly. Malware is software developed by hacker for illegal purpose(s), such as stealing data and identity, causing computer damage, or denying service to other user[1]. Malware which attack computer or server often triggers network traffic anomaly phenomena. Based on Sophos's report[2], Indonesia is the riskiest country of malware attack and it also has high network traffic anomaly. This research uses Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict network traffic anomaly based on malware attack in Indonesia which is recorded by Id-SIRTII/CC (Indonesia Security Incident Response Team on Internet Infrastructure/Coordination Center). The case study is the highest malware attack (SQL injection) which has happened in three consecutive years: 2012, 2013, and 2014[4]. The data series is preprocessed first, then the network traffic anomaly is predicted using Artificial Neural Network and using two weight update algorithms: Gradient Descent and Momentum. Error of prediction is calculated using Mean Squared Error (MSE) [7]. The experimental result shows that MSE for SQL Injection is 0.03856. So, this approach can be used to predict network traffic anomaly.

Phoebus: Network Middleware for Next-Generation Network Computing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martin Swany

2012-06-16

The Phoebus project investigated algorithms, protocols, and middleware infrastructure to improve end-to-end performance in high speed, dynamic networks. The Phoebus system essentially serves as an adaptation point for networks with disparate capabilities or provisioning. This adaptation can take a variety of forms including acting as a provisioning agent across multiple signaling domains, providing transport protocol adaptation points, and mapping between distributed resource reservation paradigms and the optical network control plane. We have successfully developed the system and demonstrated benefits. The Phoebus system was deployed in Internet2 and in ESnet, as well as in GEANT2, RNP in Brazil and over international links to Korea and Japan. Phoebus is a system that implements a new protocol and associated forwarding infrastructure for improving throughput in high-speed dynamic networks. It was developed to serve the needs of large DOE applications on high-performance networks. The idea underlying the Phoebus model is to embed Phoebus Gateways (PGs) in the network as on-ramps to dynamic circuit networks. The gateways act as protocol translators that allow legacy applications to use dedicated paths with high performance.

Identification of important nodes in directed biological networks: a network motif approach.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pei Wang

Full Text Available Identification of important nodes in complex networks has attracted an increasing attention over the last decade. Various measures have been proposed to characterize the importance of nodes in complex networks, such as the degree, betweenness and PageRank. Different measures consider different aspects of complex networks. Although there are numerous results reported on undirected complex networks, few results have been reported on directed biological networks. Based on network motifs and principal component analysis (PCA, this paper aims at introducing a new measure to characterize node importance in directed biological networks. Investigations on five real-world biological networks indicate that the proposed method can robustly identify actually important nodes in different networks, such as finding command interneurons, global regulators and non-hub but evolutionary conserved actually important nodes in biological networks. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC curves for the five networks indicate remarkable prediction accuracy of the proposed measure. The proposed index provides an alternative complex network metric. Potential implications of the related investigations include identifying network control and regulation targets, biological networks modeling and analysis, as well as networked medicine.

Functional Module Analysis for Gene Coexpression Networks with Network Integration.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Shuqin; Zhao, Hongyu; Ng, Michael K

2015-01-01

Network has been a general tool for studying the complex interactions between different genes, proteins, and other small molecules. Module as a fundamental property of many biological networks has been widely studied and many computational methods have been proposed to identify the modules in an individual network. However, in many cases, a single network is insufficient for module analysis due to the noise in the data or the tuning of parameters when building the biological network. The availability of a large amount of biological networks makes network integration study possible. By integrating such networks, more informative modules for some specific disease can be derived from the networks constructed from different tissues, and consistent factors for different diseases can be inferred. In this paper, we have developed an effective method for module identification from multiple networks under different conditions. The problem is formulated as an optimization model, which combines the module identification in each individual network and alignment of the modules from different networks together. An approximation algorithm based on eigenvector computation is proposed. Our method outperforms the existing methods, especially when the underlying modules in multiple networks are different in simulation studies. We also applied our method to two groups of gene coexpression networks for humans, which include one for three different cancers, and one for three tissues from the morbidly obese patients. We identified 13 modules with three complete subgraphs, and 11 modules with two complete subgraphs, respectively. The modules were validated through Gene Ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. We also showed that the main functions of most modules for the corresponding disease have been addressed by other researchers, which may provide the theoretical basis for further studying the modules experimentally.

Network Analysis Tools: from biological networks to clusters and pathways.

Science.gov (United States)

Brohée, Sylvain; Faust, Karoline; Lima-Mendez, Gipsi; Vanderstocken, Gilles; van Helden, Jacques

2008-01-01

Network Analysis Tools (NeAT) is a suite of computer tools that integrate various algorithms for the analysis of biological networks: comparison between graphs, between clusters, or between graphs and clusters; network randomization; analysis of degree distribution; network-based clustering and path finding. The tools are interconnected to enable a stepwise analysis of the network through a complete analytical workflow. In this protocol, we present a typical case of utilization, where the tasks above are combined to decipher a protein-protein interaction network retrieved from the STRING database. The results returned by NeAT are typically subnetworks, networks enriched with additional information (i.e., clusters or paths) or tables displaying statistics. Typical networks comprising several thousands of nodes and arcs can be analyzed within a few minutes. The complete protocol can be read and executed in approximately 1 h.

Energy-aware virtual network embedding in flexi-grid optical networks

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Rongping; Luo, Shan; Wang, Haoran; Wang, Sheng; Chen, Bin

2018-01-01

Virtual network embedding (VNE) problem is to map multiple heterogeneous virtual networks (VN) on a shared substrate network, which mitigate the ossification of the substrate network. Meanwhile, energy efficiency has been widely considered in the network design. In this paper, we aim to solve the energy-aware VNE problem in flexi-grid optical networks. We provide an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation to minimize the power increment of each arriving VN request. We also propose a polynomial-time heuristic algorithm where virtual links are embedded sequentially to keep a reasonable acceptance ratio and maintain a low energy consumption. Numerical results show the functionality of the heuristic algorithm in a 24-node network.

Technical Network

CERN Multimedia

2007-01-01

In order to optimise the management of the Technical Network (TN), to facilitate understanding of the purpose of devices connected to the TN and to improve security incident handling, the Technical Network Administrators and the CNIC WG have asked IT/CS to verify the "description" and "tag" fields of devices connected to the TN. Therefore, persons responsible for systems connected to the TN will receive e-mails from IT/CS asking them to add the corresponding information in the network database at "network-cern-ch". Thank you very much for your cooperation. The Technical Network Administrators & the CNIC WG

An examination of a reciprocal relationship between network governance and network structure

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bergenholtz, Carsten; Goduscheit, René Chester

The present article examines the network structure and governance of inter-organisational innovation networks. Network governance refers to the issue of how to manage and coordinate the relational activities and processes in the network while research on network structure deals with the overall...... structural relations between the actors in the network. These streams of research do contain references to each other but mostly rely on a static conception of the relationship between network structure and the applied network governance. The paper is based on a primarily qualitative case study of a loosely...... coupled Danish inter-organisational innovation network. The proposition is that a reciprocal relation between network governance and network structure can be identified....

Statistical Network Analysis for Functional MRI: Mean Networks and Group Comparisons.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cedric E Ginestet

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Comparing networks in neuroscience is hard, because the topological properties of a given network are necessarily dependent on the number of edges of that network. This problem arises in the analysis of both weighted and unweighted networks. The term density is often used in this context, in order to refer to the mean edge weight of a weighted network, or to the number of edges in an unweighted one. Comparing families of networks is therefore statistically difficult because differences in topology are necessarily associated with differences in density. In this review paper, we consider this problem from two different perspectives, which include (i the construction of summary networks, such as how to compute and visualize the mean network from a sample of network-valued data points; and (ii how to test for topological differences, when two families of networks also exhibit significant differences in density. In the first instance, we show that the issue of summarizing a family of networks can be conducted by either adopting a mass-univariate approach, which produces a statistical parametric network (SPN, or by directly computing the mean network, provided that a metric has been specified on the space of all networks with a given number of nodes. In the second part of this review, we then highlight the inherent problems associated with the comparison of topological functions of families of networks that differ in density. In particular, we show that a wide range of topological summaries, such as global efficiency and network modularity are highly sensitive to differences in density. Moreover, these problems are not restricted to unweighted metrics, as we demonstrate that the same issues remain present when considering the weighted versions of these metrics. We conclude by encouraging caution, when reporting such statistical comparisons, and by emphasizing the importance of constructing summary networks.

Network rewiring dynamics with convergence towards a star network.

Science.gov (United States)

Whigham, P A; Dick, G; Parry, M

2016-10-01

Network rewiring as a method for producing a range of structures was first introduced in 1998 by Watts & Strogatz ( Nature 393 , 440-442. (doi:10.1038/30918)). This approach allowed a transition from regular through small-world to a random network. The subsequent interest in scale-free networks motivated a number of methods for developing rewiring approaches that converged to scale-free networks. This paper presents a rewiring algorithm (RtoS) for undirected, non-degenerate, fixed size networks that transitions from regular, through small-world and scale-free to star-like networks. Applications of the approach to models for the spread of infectious disease and fixation time for a simple genetics model are used to demonstrate the efficacy and application of the approach.

In-Network Adaptation of Video Streams Using Network Processors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohammad Shorfuzzaman

2009-01-01

problem can be addressed, near the network edge, by applying dynamic, in-network adaptation (e.g., transcoding of video streams to meet available connection bandwidth, machine characteristics, and client preferences. In this paper, we extrapolate from earlier work of Shorfuzzaman et al. 2006 in which we implemented and assessed an MPEG-1 transcoding system on the Intel IXP1200 network processor to consider the feasibility of in-network transcoding for other video formats and network processor architectures. The use of “on-the-fly” video adaptation near the edge of the network offers the promise of simpler support for a wide range of end devices with different display, and so forth, characteristics that can be used in different types of environments.

Analysis of Semantic Networks using Complex Networks Concepts

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ortiz-Arroyo, Daniel

2013-01-01

In this paper we perform a preliminary analysis of semantic networks to determine the most important terms that could be used to optimize a summarization task. In our experiments, we measure how the properties of a semantic network change, when the terms in the network are removed. Our preliminar...

Network survivability performance

Science.gov (United States)

1993-11-01

This technical report has been developed to address the survivability of telecommunications networks including services. It responds to the need for a common understanding of, and assessment techniques for network survivability, availability, integrity, and reliability. It provides a basis for designing and operating telecommunications networks to user expectations for network survivability and a foundation for continuing industry activities in the subject area. This report focuses on the survivability of both public and private networks and covers a wide range of users. Two frameworks are established for quantifying and categorizing service outages, and for classifying network survivability techniques and measures. The performance of the network survivability techniques is considered; however, recommended objectives are not established for network survivability performance.

Networks and network analysis for defence and security

CERN Document Server

Masys, Anthony J

2014-01-01

Networks and Network Analysis for Defence and Security discusses relevant theoretical frameworks and applications of network analysis in support of the defence and security domains. This book details real world applications of network analysis to support defence and security. Shocks to regional, national and global systems stemming from natural hazards, acts of armed violence, terrorism and serious and organized crime have significant defence and security implications. Today, nations face an uncertain and complex security landscape in which threats impact/target the physical, social, economic

Network analysis literacy a practical approach to the analysis of networks

CERN Document Server

Zweig, Katharina A

2014-01-01

Network Analysis Literacy focuses on design principles for network analytics projects. The text enables readers to: pose a defined network analytic question; build a network to answer the question; choose or design the right network analytic methods for a particular purpose, and more.

Network-Embedded Management and Applications Understanding Programmable Networking Infrastructure

CERN Document Server

Wolter, Ralf

2013-01-01

Despite the explosion of networking services and applications in the past decades, the basic technological underpinnings of the Internet have remained largely unchanged. At its heart are special-purpose appliances that connect us to the digital world, commonly known as switches and routers. Now, however, the traditional framework is being increasingly challenged by new methods that are jostling for a position in the next-generation Internet. The concept of a network that is becoming more programmable is one of the aspects that are taking center stage. This opens new possibilities to embed software applications inside the network itself and to manage networks and communications services with unprecedented ease and efficiency. In this edited volume, distinguished experts take the reader on a tour of different facets of programmable network infrastructure and application exploit it. Presenting the state of the art in network embedded management and applications and programmable network infrastructure, the book c...

Virtualized cognitive network architecture for 5G cellular networks

KAUST Repository

Elsawy, Hesham

2015-07-17

Cellular networks have preserved an application agnostic and base station (BS) centric architecture1 for decades. Network functionalities (e.g. user association) are decided and performed regardless of the underlying application (e.g. automation, tactile Internet, online gaming, multimedia). Such an ossified architecture imposes several hurdles against achieving the ambitious metrics of next generation cellular systems. This article first highlights the features and drawbacks of such architectural ossification. Then the article proposes a virtualized and cognitive network architecture, wherein network functionalities are implemented via software instances in the cloud, and the underlying architecture can adapt to the application of interest as well as to changes in channels and traffic conditions. The adaptation is done in terms of the network topology by manipulating connectivities and steering traffic via different paths, so as to attain the applications\\' requirements and network design objectives. The article presents cognitive strategies to implement some of the classical network functionalities, along with their related implementation challenges. The article further presents a case study illustrating the performance improvement of the proposed architecture as compared to conventional cellular networks, both in terms of outage probability and handover rate.

The entire network topology display system of terminal communication access network

OpenAIRE

An Yi

2016-01-01

Now order terminal communication access network is network technology in Shanxi Province is diversiform, device type complex, lack of unified technical standard, the terminal communication access network management system of construction constitutes a great obstacle. Need to build a “unified communication interface and communication standard, unified communications network management” of the terminal communication access network cut in the integrated network management system, for the termina...

Network function virtualization concepts and applicability in 5G networks

CERN Document Server

Zhang, Ying

2018-01-01

A horizontal view of newly emerged technologies in the field of network function virtualization (NFV), introducing the open source implementation efforts that bring NFV from design to reality This book explores the newly emerged technique of network function virtualization (NFV) through use cases, architecture, and challenges, as well as standardization and open source implementations. It is the first systematic source of information about cloud technologies' usage in the cellular network, covering the interplay of different technologies, the discussion of different design choices, and its impact on our future cellular network. Network Function Virtualization: Concepts and Applicability in 5G Networks reviews new technologies that enable NFV, such as Software Defined Networks (SDN), network virtualization, and cloud computing. It also provides an in-depth investigation of the most advanced open source initiatives in this area, including OPNFV, Openstack, and Opendaylight. Finally, this book goes beyond li...

A Squeezed Artificial Neural Network for the Symbolic Network Reliability Functions of Binary-State Networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Yeh, Wei-Chang

Network reliability is an important index to the provision of useful information for decision support in the modern world. There is always a need to calculate symbolic network reliability functions (SNRFs) due to dynamic and rapid changes in network parameters. In this brief, the proposed squeezed artificial neural network (SqANN) approach uses the Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the corresponding reliability of a given designed matrix from the Box-Behnken design, and then the Taguchi method is implemented to find the appropriate number of neurons and activation functions of the hidden layer and the output layer in ANN to evaluate SNRFs. According to the experimental results of the benchmark networks, the comparison appears to support the superiority of the proposed SqANN method over the traditional ANN-based approach with at least 16.6% improvement in the median absolute deviation in the cost of extra 2 s on average for all experiments.Network reliability is an important index to the provision of useful information for decision support in the modern world. There is always a need to calculate symbolic network reliability functions (SNRFs) due to dynamic and rapid changes in network parameters. In this brief, the proposed squeezed artificial neural network (SqANN) approach uses the Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the corresponding reliability of a given designed matrix from the Box-Behnken design, and then the Taguchi method is implemented to find the appropriate number of neurons and activation functions of the hidden layer and the output layer in ANN to evaluate SNRFs. According to the experimental results of the benchmark networks, the comparison appears to support the superiority of the proposed SqANN method over the traditional ANN-based approach with at least 16.6% improvement in the median absolute deviation in the cost of extra 2 s on average for all experiments.

Low Computational Complexity Network Coding For Mobile Networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Heide, Janus

2012-01-01

Network Coding (NC) is a technique that can provide benefits in many types of networks, some examples from wireless networks are: In relay networks, either the physical or the data link layer, to reduce the number of transmissions. In reliable multicast, to reduce the amount of signaling and enable......-flow coding technique. One of the key challenges of this technique is its inherent computational complexity which can lead to high computational load and energy consumption in particular on the mobile platforms that are the target platform in this work. To increase the coding throughput several...

Computer network time synchronization the network time protocol

CERN Document Server

Mills, David L

2006-01-01

What started with the sundial has, thus far, been refined to a level of precision based on atomic resonance: Time. Our obsession with time is evident in this continued scaling down to nanosecond resolution and beyond. But this obsession is not without warrant. Precision and time synchronization are critical in many applications, such as air traffic control and stock trading, and pose complex and important challenges in modern information networks.Penned by David L. Mills, the original developer of the Network Time Protocol (NTP), Computer Network Time Synchronization: The Network Time Protocol

Resilience of networks formed of interdependent modular networks

Science.gov (United States)

Shekhtman, Louis M.; Shai, Saray; Havlin, Shlomo

2015-12-01

Many infrastructure networks have a modular structure and are also interdependent with other infrastructures. While significant research has explored the resilience of interdependent networks, there has been no analysis of the effects of modularity. Here we develop a theoretical framework for attacks on interdependent modular networks and support our results through simulations. We focus, for simplicity, on the case where each network has the same number of communities and the dependency links are restricted to be between pairs of communities of different networks. This is particularly realistic for modeling infrastructure across cities. Each city has its own infrastructures and different infrastructures are dependent only within the city. However, each infrastructure is connected within and between cities. For example, a power grid will connect many cities as will a communication network, yet a power station and communication tower that are interdependent will likely be in the same city. It has previously been shown that single networks are very susceptible to the failure of the interconnected nodes (between communities) (Shai et al 2014 arXiv:1404.4748) and that attacks on these nodes are even more crippling than attacks based on betweenness (da Cunha et al 2015 arXiv:1502.00353). In our example of cities these nodes have long range links which are more likely to fail. For both treelike and looplike interdependent modular networks we find distinct regimes depending on the number of modules, m. (i) In the case where there are fewer modules with strong intraconnections, the system first separates into modules in an abrupt first-order transition and then each module undergoes a second percolation transition. (ii) When there are more modules with many interconnections between them, the system undergoes a single transition. Overall, we find that modular structure can significantly influence the type of transitions observed in interdependent networks and should be

A Network of Networks Perspective on Global Trade

Science.gov (United States)

Maluck, Julian; Donner, Reik V.

2015-01-01

Mutually intertwined supply chains in contemporary economy result in a complex network of trade relationships with a highly non-trivial topology that varies with time. In order to understand the complex interrelationships among different countries and economic sectors, as well as their dynamics, a holistic view on the underlying structural properties of this network is necessary. This study employs multi-regional input-output data to decompose 186 national economies into 26 industry sectors and utilizes the approach of interdependent networks to analyze the substructure of the resulting international trade network for the years 1990–2011. The partition of the network into national economies is observed to be compatible with the notion of communities in the sense of complex network theory. By studying internal versus cross-subgraph contributions to established complex network metrics, new insights into the architecture of global trade are obtained, which allow to identify key elements of global economy. Specifically, financial services and business activities dominate domestic trade whereas electrical and machinery industries dominate foreign trade. In order to further specify each national sector’s role individually, (cross-)clustering coefficients and cross-betweenness are obtained for different pairs of subgraphs. The corresponding analysis reveals that specific industrial sectors tend to favor distinct directionality patterns and that the cross-clustering coefficient for geographically close country pairs is remarkably high, indicating that spatial factors are still of paramount importance for the organization of trade patterns in modern economy. Regarding the evolution of the trade network’s substructure, globalization is well-expressed by trends of several structural characteristics (e.g., link density and node strength) in the interacting network framework. Extreme events, such as the financial crisis 2008/2009, are manifested as anomalies superimposed

Dominating biological networks.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tijana Milenković

Full Text Available Proteins are essential macromolecules of life that carry out most cellular processes. Since proteins aggregate to perform function, and since protein-protein interaction (PPI networks model these aggregations, one would expect to uncover new biology from PPI network topology. Hence, using PPI networks to predict protein function and role of protein pathways in disease has received attention. A debate remains open about whether network properties of "biologically central (BC" genes (i.e., their protein products, such as those involved in aging, cancer, infectious diseases, or signaling and drug-targeted pathways, exhibit some topological centrality compared to the rest of the proteins in the human PPI network.To help resolve this debate, we design new network-based approaches and apply them to get new insight into biological function and disease. We hypothesize that BC genes have a topologically central (TC role in the human PPI network. We propose two different concepts of topological centrality. We design a new centrality measure to capture complex wirings of proteins in the network that identifies as TC those proteins that reside in dense extended network neighborhoods. Also, we use the notion of domination and find dominating sets (DSs in the PPI network, i.e., sets of proteins such that every protein is either in the DS or is a neighbor of the DS. Clearly, a DS has a TC role, as it enables efficient communication between different network parts. We find statistically significant enrichment in BC genes of TC nodes and outperform the existing methods indicating that genes involved in key biological processes occupy topologically complex and dense regions of the network and correspond to its "spine" that connects all other network parts and can thus pass cellular signals efficiently throughout the network. To our knowledge, this is the first study that explores domination in the context of PPI networks.

SCM: A method to improve network service layout efficiency with network evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Qi; Zhang, Chuanhao

2017-01-01

Network services are an important component of the Internet, which are used to expand network functions for third-party developers. Network function virtualization (NFV) can improve the speed and flexibility of network service deployment. However, with the evolution of the network, network service layout may become inefficient. Regarding this problem, this paper proposes a service chain migration (SCM) method with the framework of “software defined network + network function virtualization” (SDN+NFV), which migrates service chains to adapt to network evolution and improves the efficiency of the network service layout. SCM is modeled as an integer linear programming problem and resolved via particle swarm optimization. An SCM prototype system is designed based on an SDN controller. Experiments demonstrate that SCM could reduce the network traffic cost and energy consumption efficiently. PMID:29267299

SCM: A method to improve network service layout efficiency with network evolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Qi; Zhang, Chuanhao; Zhao, Zheng

2017-01-01

Network services are an important component of the Internet, which are used to expand network functions for third-party developers. Network function virtualization (NFV) can improve the speed and flexibility of network service deployment. However, with the evolution of the network, network service layout may become inefficient. Regarding this problem, this paper proposes a service chain migration (SCM) method with the framework of "software defined network + network function virtualization" (SDN+NFV), which migrates service chains to adapt to network evolution and improves the efficiency of the network service layout. SCM is modeled as an integer linear programming problem and resolved via particle swarm optimization. An SCM prototype system is designed based on an SDN controller. Experiments demonstrate that SCM could reduce the network traffic cost and energy consumption efficiently.

Allocating resources between network nodes for providing a network node function

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Strijkers, R.J.; Meulenhoff, P.J.

2014-01-01

The invention provides a method wherein a first network node advertises available resources that a second network node may use to offload network node functions transparently to the first network node. Examples of the first network node are a client device (e.g. PC, notebook, tablet, smart phone), a

Multilayer Brain Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Vaiana, Michael; Muldoon, Sarah Feldt

2018-01-01

The field of neuroscience is facing an unprecedented expanse in the volume and diversity of available data. Traditionally, network models have provided key insights into the structure and function of the brain. With the advent of big data in neuroscience, both more sophisticated models capable of characterizing the increasing complexity of the data and novel methods of quantitative analysis are needed. Recently, multilayer networks, a mathematical extension of traditional networks, have gained increasing popularity in neuroscience due to their ability to capture the full information of multi-model, multi-scale, spatiotemporal data sets. Here, we review multilayer networks and their applications in neuroscience, showing how incorporating the multilayer framework into network neuroscience analysis has uncovered previously hidden features of brain networks. We specifically highlight the use of multilayer networks to model disease, structure-function relationships, network evolution, and link multi-scale data. Finally, we close with a discussion of promising new directions of multilayer network neuroscience research and propose a modified definition of multilayer networks designed to unite and clarify the use of the multilayer formalism in describing real-world systems.

Collaborative Multi-Layer Network Coding in Hybrid Cellular Cognitive Radio Networks

KAUST Repository

Moubayed, Abdallah J.

2015-05-01

In this paper, as an extension to [1], we propose a prioritized multi-layer network coding scheme for collaborative packet recovery in hybrid (interweave and underlay) cellular cognitive radio networks. This scheme allows the uncoordinated collaboration between the collocated primary and cognitive radio base-stations in order to minimize their own as well as each other\\'s packet recovery overheads, thus by improving their throughput. The proposed scheme ensures that each network\\'s performance is not degraded by its help to the other network. Moreover, it guarantees that the primary network\\'s interference threshold is not violated in the same and adjacent cells. Yet, the scheme allows the reduction of the recovery overhead in the collocated primary and cognitive radio networks. The reduction in the cognitive radio network is further amplified due to the perfect detection of spectrum holes which allows the cognitive radio base station to transmit at higher power without fear of violating the interference threshold of the primary network. For the secondary network, simulation results show reductions of 20% and 34% in the packet recovery overhead, compared to the non-collaborative scheme, for low and high probabilities of primary packet arrivals, respectively. For the primary network, this reduction was found to be 12%. © 2015 IEEE.

Optical network control plane for multi-domain networking

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Manolova, Anna Vasileva

This thesis focuses on multi-domain routing for traffice engineering and survivability support in optical transport networks under the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) control framework. First, different extensions to the Border Gateway Protocol for multi-domain Traffic...... process are not enough for efficient TE in mesh multi-domain networks. Enhancing the protocol with multi-path dissemination capability, combined with the employment of an end-to-end TE metric proves to be a highly efficient solution. Simulation results show good performance characteristics of the proposed...... is not as essential for improved network performance as the length of the provided paths. Second, the issue of multi-domain survivability support is analyzed. An AS-disjoint paths is beneficial not only for resilience support, but also for facilitating adequate network reactions to changes in the network, which...

Resilience of networks to environmental stress: From regular to random networks

Science.gov (United States)

Eom, Young-Ho

2018-04-01

Despite the huge interest in network resilience to stress, most of the studies have concentrated on internal stress damaging network structure (e.g., node removals). Here we study how networks respond to environmental stress deteriorating their external conditions. We show that, when regular networks gradually disintegrate as environmental stress increases, disordered networks can suddenly collapse at critical stress with hysteresis and vulnerability to perturbations. We demonstrate that this difference results from a trade-off between node resilience and network resilience to environmental stress. The nodes in the disordered networks can suppress their collapses due to the small-world topology of the networks but eventually collapse all together in return. Our findings indicate that some real networks can be highly resilient against environmental stress to a threshold yet extremely vulnerable to the stress above the threshold because of their small-world topology.

Introductory note on Emergent Unconscious Knowledge Networks (Asygnodic Networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Henry Bakis

2016-05-01

Full Text Available This note introduces the following paper on the concept of Emergent Unconscious Knowledge Networks (Asygnodic Networks created by E. Roche and M. Blaine. The concept of asyngnosis explains a large number of diverse phenomena involving organizations, groups and decision making. It will present the genesis and definition of Asygnodic Networks and will focus on how they raise challenges to traditional theories of decision making and emerging social networks.

Maximization Network Throughput Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm and Network Coding for Optical Multicast Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Wei, Chengying; Xiong, Cuilian; Liu, Huanlin

2017-12-01

Maximal multicast stream algorithm based on network coding (NC) can improve the network's throughput for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks, which however is far less than the network's maximal throughput in terms of theory. And the existing multicast stream algorithms do not give the information distribution pattern and routing in the meantime. In the paper, an improved genetic algorithm is brought forward to maximize the optical multicast throughput by NC and to determine the multicast stream distribution by hybrid chromosomes construction for multicast with single source and multiple destinations. The proposed hybrid chromosomes are constructed by the binary chromosomes and integer chromosomes, while the binary chromosomes represent optical multicast routing and the integer chromosomes indicate the multicast stream distribution. A fitness function is designed to guarantee that each destination can receive the maximum number of decoding multicast streams. The simulation results showed that the proposed method is far superior over the typical maximal multicast stream algorithms based on NC in terms of network throughput in WDM networks.

The network researchers' network

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Henneberg, Stephan C.; Jiang, Zhizhong; Naudé, Peter

2009-01-01

The Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) Group is a network of academic researchers working in the area of business-to-business marketing. The group meets every year to discuss and exchange ideas, with a conference having been held every year since 1984 (there was no meeting in 1987). In thi......The Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) Group is a network of academic researchers working in the area of business-to-business marketing. The group meets every year to discuss and exchange ideas, with a conference having been held every year since 1984 (there was no meeting in 1987......). In this paper, based upon the papers presented at the 22 conferences held to date, we undertake a Social Network Analysis in order to examine the degree of co-publishing that has taken place between this group of researchers. We identify the different components in this database, and examine the large main...

Managerial Challenges Within Networks - Emphasizing the Paradox of Network Participation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jakobsen, Morten

2003-01-01

Flexibility and access to numerous resources are essential benefits associated with network participation. An important aspect of managing the network participation of a company is to maintain a dynamic portfolio of partners, and thereby keep up the strategic opportunities for development. However......, maintaining the dynamics within a network seems to be a complex challenge. There is a risk that the network ends up in The Paradox of Network Participation. The desired renewal and flexibility are not utilised because the involved parties preserve the existing networks structure consisting of the same...... and thereby sort out the paradox of network participation. Trust and information are mechanisms employed to absorb uncertainty. The relationship between trust and the requirement for information depends on the maturity of the relationship. When trust becomes too important as uncertainty absorption mechanism...

Managerial challenges within networks: emphasizing the paradox of network participation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jakobsen, Morten

Flexibility and access to numerous resources are essential benefits associated with network participation. An important aspect of managing the network participation of a company is to maintain a dynamic portfolio of partners, and thereby keep up the strategic opportunities for development. However......, maintaining the dynamics within a network seems to be a complex challenge. There is a risk that the network ends up in The Paradox of Network Participation. The desired renewal and flexibility are not utilised because the involved parties preserve the existing networks structure consisting of the same...... and thereby sort out the paradox of network participation. Trust and information are mechanisms employed to absorb uncertainty. The relationship between trust and the requirement for information depends on the maturity of the relationship. When trust becomes too important as uncertainty absorption mechanism...

Energy Efficient Network Protocols for Wireless and Mobile Networks

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Sivalingam, Krishna

2001-01-01

... (also called power aware) network protocols for wireless and mobile networks. Battery power limitations are a very serious concern, and it is essential to study energy efficient protocol design at different layers of the network protocol stack...

Temporal network epidemiology

CERN Document Server

Holme, Petter

2017-01-01

This book covers recent developments in epidemic process models and related data on temporally varying networks. It is widely recognized that contact networks are indispensable for describing, understanding, and intervening to stop the spread of infectious diseases in human and animal populations; “network epidemiology” is an umbrella term to describe this research field. More recently, contact networks have been recognized as being highly dynamic. This observation, also supported by an increasing amount of new data, has led to research on temporal networks, a rapidly growing area. Changes in network structure are often informed by epidemic (or other) dynamics, in which case they are referred to as adaptive networks. This volume gathers contributions by prominent authors working in temporal and adaptive network epidemiology, a field essential to understanding infectious diseases in real society.

Collaborative multi-layer network coding for cellular cognitive radio networks

KAUST Repository

Sorour, Sameh

2013-06-01

In this paper, we propose a prioritized multi-layer network coding scheme for collaborative packet recovery in underlay cellular cognitive radio networks. This scheme allows the collocated primary and cognitive radio base-stations to collaborate with each other, in order to minimize their own and each other\\'s packet recovery overheads, and thus improve their throughput, without any coordination between them. This non-coordinated collaboration is done using a novel multi-layer instantly decodable network coding scheme, which guarantees that each network\\'s help to the other network does not result in any degradation in its own performance. It also does not cause any violation to the primary networks interference thresholds in the same and adjacent cells. Yet, our proposed scheme both guarantees the reduction of the recovery overhead in collocated primary and cognitive radio networks, and allows early recovery of their packets compared to non-collaborative schemes. Simulation results show that a recovery overhead reduction of 15% and 40% can be achieved by our proposed scheme in the primary and cognitive radio networks, respectively, compared to the corresponding non-collaborative scheme. © 2013 IEEE.

Network Simulation

CERN Document Server

Fujimoto, Richard

2006-01-01

"Network Simulation" presents a detailed introduction to the design, implementation, and use of network simulation tools. Discussion topics include the requirements and issues faced for simulator design and use in wired networks, wireless networks, distributed simulation environments, and fluid model abstractions. Several existing simulations are given as examples, with details regarding design decisions and why those decisions were made. Issues regarding performance and scalability are discussed in detail, describing how one can utilize distributed simulation methods to increase the

Morphological neural networks

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ritter, G.X.; Sussner, P. [Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)

1996-12-31

The theory of artificial neural networks has been successfully applied to a wide variety of pattern recognition problems. In this theory, the first step in computing the next state of a neuron or in performing the next layer neural network computation involves the linear operation of multiplying neural values by their synaptic strengths and adding the results. Thresholding usually follows the linear operation in order to provide for nonlinearity of the network. In this paper we introduce a novel class of neural networks, called morphological neural networks, in which the operations of multiplication and addition are replaced by addition and maximum (or minimum), respectively. By taking the maximum (or minimum) of sums instead of the sum of products, morphological network computation is nonlinear before thresholding. As a consequence, the properties of morphological neural networks are drastically different than those of traditional neural network models. In this paper we consider some of these differences and provide some particular examples of morphological neural network.

Directed network modules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Palla, Gergely; Farkas, Illes J; Pollner, Peter; Derenyi, Imre; Vicsek, Tamas

2007-01-01

A search technique locating network modules, i.e. internally densely connected groups of nodes in directed networks is introduced by extending the clique percolation method originally proposed for undirected networks. After giving a suitable definition for directed modules we investigate their percolation transition in the Erdos-Renyi graph both analytically and numerically. We also analyse four real-world directed networks, including Google's own web-pages, an email network, a word association graph and the transcriptional regulatory network of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The obtained directed modules are validated by additional information available for the nodes. We find that directed modules of real-world graphs inherently overlap and the investigated networks can be classified into two major groups in terms of the overlaps between the modules. Accordingly, in the word-association network and Google's web-pages, overlaps are likely to contain in-hubs, whereas the modules in the email and transcriptional regulatory network tend to overlap via out-hubs

Network connectivity value.

Science.gov (United States)

Dragicevic, Arnaud; Boulanger, Vincent; Bruciamacchie, Max; Chauchard, Sandrine; Dupouey, Jean-Luc; Stenger, Anne

2017-04-21

In order to unveil the value of network connectivity, we formalize the construction of ecological networks in forest environments as an optimal control dynamic graph-theoretic problem. The network is based on a set of bioreserves and patches linked by ecological corridors. The node dynamics, built upon the consensus protocol, form a time evolutive Mahalanobis distance weighted by the opportunity costs of timber production. We consider a case of complete graph, where the ecological network is fully connected, and a case of incomplete graph, where the ecological network is partially connected. The results show that the network equilibrium depends on the size of the reception zone, while the network connectivity depends on the environmental compatibility between the ecological areas. Through shadow prices, we find that securing connectivity in partially connected networks is more expensive than in fully connected networks, but should be undertaken when the opportunity costs are significant. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tunable Sparse Network Coding for Multicast Networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Feizi, Soheil; Roetter, Daniel Enrique Lucani; Sørensen, Chres Wiant

2014-01-01

This paper shows the potential and key enabling mechanisms for tunable sparse network coding, a scheme in which the density of network coded packets varies during a transmission session. At the beginning of a transmission session, sparsely coded packets are transmitted, which benefits decoding...... complexity. At the end of a transmission, when receivers have accumulated degrees of freedom, coding density is increased. We propose a family of tunable sparse network codes (TSNCs) for multicast erasure networks with a controllable trade-off between completion time performance to decoding complexity...... a mechanism to perform efficient Gaussian elimination over sparse matrices going beyond belief propagation but maintaining low decoding complexity. Supporting simulation results are provided showing the trade-off between decoding complexity and completion time....

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SYSTEM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE Vs DIGITAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

OpenAIRE

Seema; Mukesh Arya

2011-01-01

The efficient managing system of sources is mandatory for the successful running of any network. Here this paper describes the most popular network architectures one of developed by IBM, System Network Architecture (SNA) and other is Digital Network Architecture (DNA). As we know that the network standards and protocols are needed for the network developers as well as users. Some standards are The IEEE 802.3 standards (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 1980) (LAN), IBM Sta...

A research on the application of software defined networking in satellite network architecture

Science.gov (United States)

Song, Huan; Chen, Jinqiang; Cao, Suzhi; Cui, Dandan; Li, Tong; Su, Yuxing

2017-10-01

Software defined network is a new type of network architecture, which decouples control plane and data plane of traditional network, has the feature of flexible configurations and is a direction of the next generation terrestrial Internet development. Satellite network is an important part of the space-ground integrated information network, while the traditional satellite network has the disadvantages of difficult network topology maintenance and slow configuration. The application of SDN technology in satellite network can solve these problems that traditional satellite network faces. At present, the research on the application of SDN technology in satellite network is still in the stage of preliminary study. In this paper, we start with introducing the SDN technology and satellite network architecture. Then we mainly introduce software defined satellite network architecture, as well as the comparison of different software defined satellite network architecture and satellite network virtualization. Finally, the present research status and development trend of SDN technology in satellite network are analyzed.

Opportunistic Beacon Networks: Information Dissemination via Wireless Network Identifiers

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Türkes, Okan; Scholten, Johan; Havinga, Paul J.M.

2016-01-01

This paper presents OBN, a universal opportunistic ad hoc networking model particularly intended for smart mobile devices. It enables fast and lightweight data dissemination in wireless community networks through the utilization of universally-available wireless network identifiers. As a ubiquitous

CUFID-query: accurate network querying through random walk based network flow estimation.

Science.gov (United States)

Jeong, Hyundoo; Qian, Xiaoning; Yoon, Byung-Jun

2017-12-28

Functional modules in biological networks consist of numerous biomolecules and their complicated interactions. Recent studies have shown that biomolecules in a functional module tend to have similar interaction patterns and that such modules are often conserved across biological networks of different species. As a result, such conserved functional modules can be identified through comparative analysis of biological networks. In this work, we propose a novel network querying algorithm based on the CUFID (Comparative network analysis Using the steady-state network Flow to IDentify orthologous proteins) framework combined with an efficient seed-and-extension approach. The proposed algorithm, CUFID-query, can accurately detect conserved functional modules as small subnetworks in the target network that are expected to perform similar functions to the given query functional module. The CUFID framework was recently developed for probabilistic pairwise global comparison of biological networks, and it has been applied to pairwise global network alignment, where the framework was shown to yield accurate network alignment results. In the proposed CUFID-query algorithm, we adopt the CUFID framework and extend it for local network alignment, specifically to solve network querying problems. First, in the seed selection phase, the proposed method utilizes the CUFID framework to compare the query and the target networks and to predict the probabilistic node-to-node correspondence between the networks. Next, the algorithm selects and greedily extends the seed in the target network by iteratively adding nodes that have frequent interactions with other nodes in the seed network, in a way that the conductance of the extended network is maximally reduced. Finally, CUFID-query removes irrelevant nodes from the querying results based on the personalized PageRank vector for the induced network that includes the fully extended network and its neighboring nodes. Through extensive

A random network based, node attraction facilitated network evolution method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

WenJun Zhang

2016-03-01

Full Text Available In present study, I present a method of network evolution that based on random network, and facilitated by node attraction. In this method, I assume that the initial network is a random network, or a given initial network. When a node is ready to connect, it tends to link to the node already owning the most connections, which coincides with the general rule (Barabasi and Albert, 1999 of node connecting. In addition, a node may randomly disconnect a connection i.e., the addition of connections in the network is accompanied by the pruning of some connections. The dynamics of network evolution is determined of the attraction factor Lamda of nodes, the probability of node connection, the probability of node disconnection, and the expected initial connectance. The attraction factor of nodes, the probability of node connection, and the probability of node disconnection are time and node varying. Various dynamics can be achieved by adjusting these parameters. Effects of simplified parameters on network evolution are analyzed. The changes of attraction factor Lamda can reflect various effects of the node degree on connection mechanism. Even the changes of Lamda only will generate various networks from the random to the complex. Therefore, the present algorithm can be treated as a general model for network evolution. Modeling results show that to generate a power-law type of network, the likelihood of a node attracting connections is dependent upon the power function of the node's degree with a higher-order power. Matlab codes for simplified version of the method are provided.

Aprendizaje de actividades motoras en procesos prensiles con el uso de una prótesis mecatrónica controlada por señales mioeléctricas en personas amputadas entre codo y muñeca

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John Jairo Páez Rodríguez

2011-09-01

Full Text Available El proyecto de investigación en el campo de las ayudas aumentativas para discapacitados, tiene como objetivo principal desarrollar una prótesis del sistema biomecánico mano-muñeca para investigar la influencia que tiene en el desarrollo de ciertas habilidades y configuraciones cerebrales durante el proceso de aprendizaje; dado que la mano: permite crear un sistema de autorrepresentación, es un punto de convergencia en el sistema de retroalimentación visual, táctil y propioceptiva (percepción de la propia posición, materializa las intenciones del pensamiento, al tener conexión con el sistema ventral tiene acceso a las áreas lingü.sticas de los lóbulos temporales donde  se desarrollan los procesos semánticos (debido a la relación de manipulación -identificación- transformación de objetos, ofrece al cerebro nuevos modos de aproximarse a viejas tareas y posibilidad de emprender otras nuevas y, porque el cerebro a través de la mano modela su proceso, formación del mundo y su espacio extrapersonal.

intensivo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ángela María Salazar-Maya

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: comprender cómo el equipo de salud valora, jerarquiza y prioriza la higiene de las manos en la unidad de cuidado intensivo de un hospital universitario. Materiales y métodos: metodología cualitativa con enfoque etnográfico. Los datos se construyeron por medio de la observación participante y entrevistas a médicos, enfermeras y auxiliares de enfermería participantes en el estudio, en la unidad de cuidado intensivo de un hospital universitario. Resultados: la higiene de las manos es una práctica contextualizada a condiciones tales como el paciente, el procedimiento y el mundo material, y lleva a los participantes a valorarla, ponderarla y priorizarla. Al profesional de enfermería se le ha delegado la tarea de supervisar el cumplimiento de dicha práctica, lo que le genera conflictos con los otros estamentos. Conclusiones: la higiene de las manos es considerada una práctica episódica, temporal, contextualizada, con restricciones e imperativa. Los participantes la ponderan y jerarquizan según el tipo de paciente, el tipo de procedimiento y el espacio físico donde se encuentre.

Network security

CERN Document Server

Perez, André

2014-01-01

This book introduces the security mechanisms deployed in Ethernet, Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Internet Protocol (IP) and MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) networks. These mechanisms are grouped throughout the book according to the following four functions: data protection, access control, network isolation, and data monitoring. Data protection is supplied by data confidentiality and integrity control services. Access control is provided by a third-party authentication service. Network isolation is supplied by the Virtual Private Network (VPN) service. Data monitoring consists of applying

Heterogeneous network architectures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Henrik Lehrmann

2006-01-01

is flexibility. This thesis investigates such heterogeneous network architectures and how to make them flexible. A survey of algorithms for network design is presented, and it is described how using heuristics can increase the speed. A hierarchical, MPLS based network architecture is described......Future networks will be heterogeneous! Due to the sheer size of networks (e.g., the Internet) upgrades cannot be instantaneous and thus heterogeneity appears. This means that instead of trying to find the olution, networks hould be designed as being heterogeneous. One of the key equirements here...... and it is discussed that it is advantageous to heterogeneous networks and illustrated by a number of examples. Modeling and simulation is a well-known way of doing performance evaluation. An approach to event-driven simulation of communication networks is presented and mixed complexity modeling, which can simplify...

Network Traffic Features for Anomaly Detection in Specific Industrial Control System Network

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Matti Mantere

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The deterministic and restricted nature of industrial control system networks sets them apart from more open networks, such as local area networks in office environments. This improves the usability of network security, monitoring approaches that would be less feasible in more open environments. One of such approaches is machine learning based anomaly detection. Without proper customization for the special requirements of the industrial control system network environment, many existing anomaly or misuse detection systems will perform sub-optimally. A machine learning based approach could reduce the amount of manual customization required for different industrial control system networks. In this paper we analyze a possible set of features to be used in a machine learning based anomaly detection system in the real world industrial control system network environment under investigation. The network under investigation is represented by architectural drawing and results derived from network trace analysis. The network trace is captured from a live running industrial process control network and includes both control data and the data flowing between the control network and the office network. We limit the investigation to the IP traffic in the traces.

Allocating resources between network nodes for providing a network node function

OpenAIRE

Strijkers, R.J.; Meulenhoff, P.J.

2014-01-01

The invention provides a method wherein a first network node advertises available resources that a second network node may use to offload network node functions transparently to the first network node. Examples of the first network node are a client device (e.g. PC, notebook, tablet, smart phone), a server (e.g. application server, a proxy server, cloud location, router). Examples of the second network node are an application server, a cloud location or a router. The available resources may b...

Tinnitus: Network pathophysiology-network pharmacology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Belen eElgoyhen

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Tinnitus, the phantom perception of sound, is a prevalent disorder. One in 10 adults has clinically significant subjective tinnitus, and for 1 in 100, tinnitus severely affects their quality of life. Despite the significant unmet clinical need for a safe and effective drug targeting tinnitus relief, there is currently not a single FDA-approved drug on the market. The search for drugs that target tinnitus is hampered by the lack of a deep knowledge of the underlying neural substrates of this pathology. Recent studies are increasingly demonstrating that, as described for other central nervous system disorders, tinnitus is a pathology of brain networks. The application of graph theoretical analysis to brain networks has recently provided new information concerning their topology, their robustness and their vulnerability to attacks. Moreover, the philosophy behind drug design and pharmacotherapy in central nervous system pathologies is changing from that of magic bullets that target individual chemoreceptors or disease-causing genes into that of magic shotguns, promiscuous or dirty drugs that target disease-causing networks, also known as network pharmacology. In the present work we provide some insight into how this knowledge could be applied to tinnitus pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy.

Tinnitus: network pathophysiology-network pharmacology.

Science.gov (United States)

Elgoyhen, Ana B; Langguth, Berthold; Vanneste, Sven; De Ridder, Dirk

2012-01-01

Tinnitus, the phantom perception of sound, is a prevalent disorder. One in 10 adults has clinically significant subjective tinnitus, and for one in 100, tinnitus severely affects their quality of life. Despite the significant unmet clinical need for a safe and effective drug targeting tinnitus relief, there is currently not a single Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug on the market. The search for drugs that target tinnitus is hampered by the lack of a deep knowledge of the underlying neural substrates of this pathology. Recent studies are increasingly demonstrating that, as described for other central nervous system (CNS) disorders, tinnitus is a pathology of brain networks. The application of graph theoretical analysis to brain networks has recently provided new information concerning their topology, their robustness and their vulnerability to attacks. Moreover, the philosophy behind drug design and pharmacotherapy in CNS pathologies is changing from that of "magic bullets" that target individual chemoreceptors or "disease-causing genes" into that of "magic shotguns," "promiscuous" or "dirty drugs" that target "disease-causing networks," also known as network pharmacology. In the present work we provide some insight into how this knowledge could be applied to tinnitus pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy.

Cisco networking essentials

CERN Document Server

McMillan, Troy

2015-01-01

Start a career in networking Cisco Networking Essentials, 2nd Edition provides the latest for those beginning a career in networking. This book provides the fundamentals of networking and leads you through the concepts, processes, and skills you need to master fundamental networking concepts. Thinking of taking the CCENT Cisco Certified Entry Networking Technician ICND1 Exam 100-101? This book has you covered! With coverage of important topics and objectives, each chapter outlines main points and provides clear, engaging discussion that will give you a sound understanding of core topics and c

Adverse Outcome Pathway Networks II: Network Analytics.

Science.gov (United States)

Villeneuve, Daniel L; Angrish, Michelle M; Fortin, Marie C; Katsiadaki, Ioanna; Leonard, Marc; Margiotta-Casaluci, Luigi; Munn, Sharon; O'Brien, Jason M; Pollesch, Nathan L; Smith, L Cody; Zhang, Xiaowei; Knapen, Dries

2018-02-28

Toxicological responses to stressors are more complex than the simple one biological perturbation to one adverse outcome model portrayed by individual adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). Consequently, the AOP framework was designed to facilitate de facto development of AOP networks that can aid understanding and prediction of pleiotropic and interactive effects more common to environmentally realistic, complex exposure scenarios. The present paper introduces nascent concepts related to the qualitative analysis of AOP networks. First, graph theory-based approaches for identifying important topological features are illustrated using two example AOP networks derived from existing AOP descriptions. Second, considerations for identifying the most significant path(s) through an AOP network from either a biological or risk assessment perspective are described. Finally, approaches for identifying interactions among AOPs that may result in additive, synergistic, or antagonistic responses, or previously undefined emergent patterns of response, are introduced. Along with a companion article (Knapen et al. part I), these concepts set the stage for development of tools and case studies that will facilitate more rigorous analysis of AOP networks, and the utility of AOP network-based predictions, for use in research and regulatory decision-making. Collectively, this work addresses one of the major themes identified through a SETAC Horizon Scanning effort focused on advancing the AOP framework. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Finding quasi-optimal network topologies for information transmission in active networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Baptista, Murilo S; de Carvalho, Josué X; Hussein, Mahir S

2008-01-01

This work clarifies the relation between network circuit (topology) and behaviour (information transmission and synchronization) in active networks, e.g. neural networks. As an application, we show how one can find network topologies that are able to transmit a large amount of information, possess a large number of communication channels, and are robust under large variations of the network coupling configuration. This theoretical approach is general and does not depend on the particular dynamic of the elements forming the network, since the network topology can be determined by finding a Laplacian matrix (the matrix that describes the connections and the coupling strengths among the elements) whose eigenvalues satisfy some special conditions. To illustrate our ideas and theoretical approaches, we use neural networks of electrically connected chaotic Hindmarsh-Rose neurons.

Finding quasi-optimal network topologies for information transmission in active networks.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Murilo S Baptista

Full Text Available This work clarifies the relation between network circuit (topology and behaviour (information transmission and synchronization in active networks, e.g. neural networks. As an application, we show how one can find network topologies that are able to transmit a large amount of information, possess a large number of communication channels, and are robust under large variations of the network coupling configuration. This theoretical approach is general and does not depend on the particular dynamic of the elements forming the network, since the network topology can be determined by finding a Laplacian matrix (the matrix that describes the connections and the coupling strengths among the elements whose eigenvalues satisfy some special conditions. To illustrate our ideas and theoretical approaches, we use neural networks of electrically connected chaotic Hindmarsh-Rose neurons.

Research on Evolutionary Mechanism of Agile Supply Chain Network via Complex Network Theory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nai-Ru Xu

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The paper establishes the evolutionary mechanism model of agile supply chain network by means of complex network theory which can be used to describe the growth process of the agile supply chain network and analyze the complexity of the agile supply chain network. After introducing the process and the suitability of taking complex network theory into supply chain network research, the paper applies complex network theory into the agile supply chain network research, analyzes the complexity of agile supply chain network, presents the evolutionary mechanism of agile supply chain network based on complex network theory, and uses Matlab to simulate degree distribution, average path length, clustering coefficient, and node betweenness. Simulation results show that the evolution result displays the scale-free property. It lays the foundations of further research on agile supply chain network based on complex network theory.

Seeded Bayesian Networks: Constructing genetic networks from microarray data

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Quackenbush John

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background DNA microarrays and other genomics-inspired technologies provide large datasets that often include hidden patterns of correlation between genes reflecting the complex processes that underlie cellular metabolism and physiology. The challenge in analyzing large-scale expression data has been to extract biologically meaningful inferences regarding these processes – often represented as networks – in an environment where the datasets are often imperfect and biological noise can obscure the actual signal. Although many techniques have been developed in an attempt to address these issues, to date their ability to extract meaningful and predictive network relationships has been limited. Here we describe a method that draws on prior information about gene-gene interactions to infer biologically relevant pathways from microarray data. Our approach consists of using preliminary networks derived from the literature and/or protein-protein interaction data as seeds for a Bayesian network analysis of microarray results. Results Through a bootstrap analysis of gene expression data derived from a number of leukemia studies, we demonstrate that seeded Bayesian Networks have the ability to identify high-confidence gene-gene interactions which can then be validated by comparison to other sources of pathway data. Conclusion The use of network seeds greatly improves the ability of Bayesian Network analysis to learn gene interaction networks from gene expression data. We demonstrate that the use of seeds derived from the biomedical literature or high-throughput protein-protein interaction data, or the combination, provides improvement over a standard Bayesian Network analysis, allowing networks involving dynamic processes to be deduced from the static snapshots of biological systems that represent the most common source of microarray data. Software implementing these methods has been included in the widely used TM4 microarray analysis package.

El mundo está en tus manos

OpenAIRE

Cabrales Arzola, Fernanda; González Gamez, María F

2017-01-01

Esta inforgrafía va dirigida a niños especialmente de la edad de 8 a 12 años, con el objetivo de formar una cultura de cuidado al medio ambiente y al mismo tiempo sembrar un interés en temas afines a energía sustentable.

Esta en Tus Manos (In Your Hands)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2007-11-01

This podcast offers music with a Latino beat to promote healthy lifestyle messages. (Este podcast muestra música con ritmos latinos para promover mensajes sobre estilos de vida saludable.).  Created: 11/1/2007 by National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP), a joint program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health.   Date Released: 12/3/2007.

Nitrogen induced modifications of MANOS memory properties

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nikolaou, N., E-mail: n.nikolaou@inn.demokritos.gr [Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 153 10 Athens (Greece); Department of Physics, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras (Greece); Ioannou-Sougleridis, V.; Dimitrakis, P.; Normand, P. [Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 153 10 Athens (Greece); Skarlatos, D. [Department of Physics, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras (Greece); Giannakopoulos, K. [Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 153 10 Athens (Greece); Ladas, S. [Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras (Greece); Pecassou, B.; BenAssayag, G. [CEMES-CNRS, Toulouse (France); Kukli, K. [Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki (Finland); Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, EE-50411 Tartu (Estonia); Niinistö, J.; Ritala, M.; Leskelä, M. [Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki (Finland)

2015-12-15

In this work we examine the structural and electrical properties including the memory performance of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}/SiO{sub 2} dielectric stacks implanted with low-energy nitrogen ions and subsequently thermal annealed at 850 or 1050 °C for 15 min. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the concentration and the chemical state of the nitrogen atoms within the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} layer depends on the post-implantation annealing (PIA) temperature. Memory testing, performed on platinum gate capacitors, shows that charge retention of the programmed states is significantly improved for the high-temperature PIA samples as compared to the non-implanted samples. While such an improvement is not detected for the low-temperature PIA samples, the latter exhibit enhanced hole charging and thus, increased erase efficiency. Overall, our results suggest that the transport properties which control the erase and the retention characteristics of the blocking Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} layer can be tailored by nitrogen implantation and the PIA conditions and can be used for memory performance optimization.

Hierarchical thinking in network biology: the unbiased modularization of biochemical networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Papin, Jason A; Reed, Jennifer L; Palsson, Bernhard O

2004-12-01

As reconstructed biochemical reaction networks continue to grow in size and scope, there is a growing need to describe the functional modules within them. Such modules facilitate the study of biological processes by deconstructing complex biological networks into conceptually simple entities. The definition of network modules is often based on intuitive reasoning. As an alternative, methods are being developed for defining biochemical network modules in an unbiased fashion. These unbiased network modules are mathematically derived from the structure of the whole network under consideration.

Introduction to computer networking

CERN Document Server

Robertazzi, Thomas G

2017-01-01

This book gives a broad look at both fundamental networking technology and new areas that support it and use it. It is a concise introduction to the most prominent, recent technological topics in computer networking. Topics include network technology such as wired and wireless networks, enabling technologies such as data centers, software defined networking, cloud and grid computing and applications such as networks on chips, space networking and network security. The accessible writing style and non-mathematical treatment makes this a useful book for the student, network and communications engineer, computer scientist and IT professional. • Features a concise, accessible treatment of computer networking, focusing on new technological topics; • Provides non-mathematical introduction to networks in their most common forms today;< • Includes new developments in switching, optical networks, WiFi, Bluetooth, LTE, 5G, and quantum cryptography.

Understanding resilience in industrial symbiosis networks: insights from network analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Chopra, Shauhrat S; Khanna, Vikas

2014-08-01

Industrial symbiotic networks are based on the principles of ecological systems where waste equals food, to develop synergistic networks. For example, industrial symbiosis (IS) at Kalundborg, Denmark, creates an exchange network of waste, water, and energy among companies based on contractual dependency. Since most of the industrial symbiotic networks are based on ad-hoc opportunities rather than strategic planning, gaining insight into disruptive scenarios is pivotal for understanding the balance of resilience and sustainability and developing heuristics for designing resilient IS networks. The present work focuses on understanding resilience as an emergent property of an IS network via a network-based approach with application to the Kalundborg Industrial Symbiosis (KIS). Results from network metrics and simulated disruptive scenarios reveal Asnaes power plant as the most critical node in the system. We also observe a decrease in the vulnerability of nodes and reduction in single points of failure in the system, suggesting an increase in the overall resilience of the KIS system from 1960 to 2010. Based on our findings, we recommend design strategies, such as increasing diversity, redundancy, and multi-functionality to ensure flexibility and plasticity, to develop resilient and sustainable industrial symbiotic networks. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Network Experiences Lead to the Adaption of a Firm’s Network Competence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bianka Kühne

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Networks become increasingly important as external sources of innovation for firms. Through networks firms get incontact with different actors with whom they can exchange information and collaborate. A firm’s ability to be asuccessful network actor depends on its network competence. This term can be defined as having the necessaryknowledge, skills and qualifications for networking as well as using them effectively. In this paper we investigate thelink between a firm’s network competence and the benefits resulting from it in a two‐way direction. First, thenetwork competence of the firm facilitates the adoption of information from other network actors which may leadto innovation success. Second the perceived network benefits shall in their turn influence the network competenceof the firm. Consequently, firms will adapt their network strategy corresponding their experiences. The objective ofthis paper is to investigate the dynamics of networking and its influence on the firm’s network competence. For thisexploratory research 3 Belgian networks are examined. In‐depth interviews are used in combination with semistructuredinterview guides to conduct the research. Our results indicate that some firms perceive benefits fromtheir network efforts, for others it is more a burden. Furthermore, in some of our cases we found that positiveexperiences with clear benefits motivate the firm to enhance its network competence. This is illustrated by the factthat collaborations are more frequently initiated, trust is more easily build, firms are more open to communicateinformation and the confidentiality threshold is overcome.

Network cohesion

OpenAIRE

Cavalcanti, Tiago V. V.; Giannitsarou, Chryssi; Johnson, Charles R.

2016-01-01

This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00199-016-0992-1 We define a measure of network cohesion and show how it arises naturally in a broad class of dynamic models of endogenous perpetual growth with network externalities. Via a standard growth model, we show why network cohesion is crucial for conditional convergence and explain that as cohesion increases, convergence is faster. We prove properties of network cohesion and d...

Ecological network analysis for a virtual water network.

Science.gov (United States)

Fang, Delin; Chen, Bin

2015-06-02

The notions of virtual water flows provide important indicators to manifest the water consumption and allocation between different sectors via product transactions. However, the configuration of virtual water network (VWN) still needs further investigation to identify the water interdependency among different sectors as well as the network efficiency and stability in a socio-economic system. Ecological network analysis is chosen as a useful tool to examine the structure and function of VWN and the interactions among its sectors. A balance analysis of efficiency and redundancy is also conducted to describe the robustness (RVWN) of VWN. Then, network control analysis and network utility analysis are performed to investigate the dominant sectors and pathways for virtual water circulation and the mutual relationships between pairwise sectors. A case study of the Heihe River Basin in China shows that the balance between efficiency and redundancy is situated on the left side of the robustness curve with less efficiency and higher redundancy. The forestation, herding and fishing sectors and industrial sectors are found to be the main controllers. The network tends to be more mutualistic and synergic, though some competitive relationships that weaken the virtual water circulation still exist.

Network motif frequency vectors reveal evolving metabolic network organisation.

Science.gov (United States)

Pearcy, Nicole; Crofts, Jonathan J; Chuzhanova, Nadia

2015-01-01

At the systems level many organisms of interest may be described by their patterns of interaction, and as such, are perhaps best characterised via network or graph models. Metabolic networks, in particular, are fundamental to the proper functioning of many important biological processes, and thus, have been widely studied over the past decade or so. Such investigations have revealed a number of shared topological features, such as a short characteristic path-length, large clustering coefficient and hierarchical modular structure. However, the extent to which evolutionary and functional properties of metabolism manifest via this underlying network architecture remains unclear. In this paper, we employ a novel graph embedding technique, based upon low-order network motifs, to compare metabolic network structure for 383 bacterial species categorised according to a number of biological features. In particular, we introduce a new global significance score which enables us to quantify important evolutionary relationships that exist between organisms and their physical environments. Using this new approach, we demonstrate a number of significant correlations between environmental factors, such as growth conditions and habitat variability, and network motif structure, providing evidence that organism adaptability leads to increased complexities in the resultant metabolic networks.

Logistical networking: a global storage network

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beck, Micah; Moore, Terry

2005-01-01

The absence of an adequate distributed storage infrastructure for data buffering has become a significant impediment to the flow of work in the wide area, data intensive collaborations that are increasingly characteristic of leading edge research in several fields. One solution to this problem, pioneered under DOE's SciDAC program, is Logistical Networking, which provides a framework for a globally scalable, maximally interoperable storage network based on the Internet Backplane Protocol (IBP). This paper provides a brief overview of the Logistical Networking (LN) architecture, the middleware developed to exploit its value, and a few of the applications that some of research communities have made of it

Evaluating the Limits of Network Topology Inference Via Virtualized Network Emulation

Science.gov (United States)

2015-06-01

virtualized environment. First, we automatically build topological ground truth according to various network generation models and create emulated Cisco ...to various network generation models and create emulated Cisco router networks by leveraging and modifying existing emulation software. We then au... markets , to verifying compliance with policy, as in recent “network neutrality” rules established in the United States. The Internet is a network of

Modelling computer networks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Max, G

2011-01-01

Traffic models in computer networks can be described as a complicated system. These systems show non-linear features and to simulate behaviours of these systems are also difficult. Before implementing network equipments users wants to know capability of their computer network. They do not want the servers to be overloaded during temporary traffic peaks when more requests arrive than the server is designed for. As a starting point for our study a non-linear system model of network traffic is established to exam behaviour of the network planned. The paper presents setting up a non-linear simulation model that helps us to observe dataflow problems of the networks. This simple model captures the relationship between the competing traffic and the input and output dataflow. In this paper, we also focus on measuring the bottleneck of the network, which was defined as the difference between the link capacity and the competing traffic volume on the link that limits end-to-end throughput. We validate the model using measurements on a working network. The results show that the initial model estimates well main behaviours and critical parameters of the network. Based on this study, we propose to develop a new algorithm, which experimentally determines and predict the available parameters of the network modelled.

Optical Access Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Jun; Ansari, Nirwan

2005-06-01

Call for Papers: Optical Access Networks With the wide deployment of fiber-optic technology over the past two decades, we have witnessed a tremendous growth of bandwidth capacity in the backbone networks of today's telecommunications infrastructure. However, access networks, which cover the "last-mile" areas and serve numerous residential and small business users, have not been scaled up commensurately. The local subscriber lines for telephone and cable television are still using twisted pairs and coaxial cables. Most residential connections to the Internet are still through dial-up modems operating at a low speed on twisted pairs. As the demand for access bandwidth increases with emerging high-bandwidth applications, such as distance learning, high-definition television (HDTV), and video on demand (VoD), the last-mile access networks have become a bandwidth bottleneck in today's telecommunications infrastructure. To ease this bottleneck, it is imperative to provide sufficient bandwidth capacity in the access networks to open the bottleneck and thus present more opportunities for the provisioning of multiservices. Optical access solutions promise huge bandwidth to service providers and low-cost high-bandwidth services to end users and are therefore widely considered the technology of choice for next-generation access networks. To realize the vision of optical access networks, however, many key issues still need to be addressed, such as network architectures, signaling protocols, and implementation standards. The major challenges lie in the fact that an optical solution must be not only robust, scalable, and flexible, but also implemented at a low cost comparable to that of existing access solutions in order to increase the economic viability of many potential high-bandwidth applications. In recent years, optical access networks have been receiving tremendous attention from both academia and industry. A large number of research activities have been carried out or

Security-Enhanced Autonomous Network Management for Space Networking, Phase II

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — NASA's Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) program is integrating its three current agency networks: Space Network (SN), Deep Space Network (DSN), and Near...

WDM Core Networks : regenerator placement and green networking

OpenAIRE

Youssef , Mayssa

2011-01-01

As Operators strive today to optimize their networks, considerations of cost, availability, eco-sustainability, and quality of service are beginning to converge. Solutions that reduce capital and operational expenditures not only save money, but also tend to reduce the environmental impact. In "opaque" networks, optical signals undergo expensive electrical regeneration systematically at each node. In "transparent" networks, signal quality deteriorates due to the accumulation of physical impai...

Technical Network

CERN Multimedia

2007-01-01

In order to optimize the management of the Technical Network (TN), to ease the understanding and purpose of devices connected to the TN, and to improve security incident handling, the Technical Network Administrators and the CNIC WG have asked IT/CS to verify the "description" and "tag" fields of devices connected to the TN. Therefore, persons responsible for systems connected to the TN will receive email notifications from IT/CS asking them to add the corresponding information in the network database. Thank you very much for your cooperation. The Technical Network Administrators & the CNIC WG

Enhancing Sensor Network Data Quality via Collaborated Circuit and Network Operations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucas Vespa

2013-04-01

Full Text Available In many applications, the quality of data gathered by sensor networks is directly related to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR of the sensor data being transmitted in the networks. Different from the SNR that is often used in measuring the quality of communication links, the SNR used in this work measures how accurately the data in the network packets represent the physical parameters being sensed. Hence, the signal here refers to the physical parameters that are being monitored by sensor networks; the noise is due to environmental interference and circuit noises at sensor nodes, and packet loss during network transmission. While issues affecting SNR at sensor nodes have been intensively investigated, the impact of network packet loss on data SNR has not attracted significant attention in sensor network design. This paper investigates the impact of packet loss on sensor network data SNR and shows that data SNR is dramatically affected by network packet loss. A data quality metric, based on data SNR, is developed and a cross-layer adaptive scheme is presented to minimize data quality degradation in congested sensor networks. The proposed scheme consists of adaptive downsampling and bit truncation at sensor nodes and intelligent traffic management techniques at the network level. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed techniques.

Class network routing

Science.gov (United States)

Bhanot, Gyan [Princeton, NJ; Blumrich, Matthias A [Ridgefield, CT; Chen, Dong [Croton On Hudson, NY; Coteus, Paul W [Yorktown Heights, NY; Gara, Alan G [Mount Kisco, NY; Giampapa, Mark E [Irvington, NY; Heidelberger, Philip [Cortlandt Manor, NY; Steinmacher-Burow, Burkhard D [Mount Kisco, NY; Takken, Todd E [Mount Kisco, NY; Vranas, Pavlos M [Bedford Hills, NY

2009-09-08

Class network routing is implemented in a network such as a computer network comprising a plurality of parallel compute processors at nodes thereof. Class network routing allows a compute processor to broadcast a message to a range (one or more) of other compute processors in the computer network, such as processors in a column or a row. Normally this type of operation requires a separate message to be sent to each processor. With class network routing pursuant to the invention, a single message is sufficient, which generally reduces the total number of messages in the network as well as the latency to do a broadcast. Class network routing is also applied to dense matrix inversion algorithms on distributed memory parallel supercomputers with hardware class function (multicast) capability. This is achieved by exploiting the fact that the communication patterns of dense matrix inversion can be served by hardware class functions, which results in faster execution times.

Properties of healthcare teaming networks as a function of network construction algorithms.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martin S Zand

Full Text Available Network models of healthcare systems can be used to examine how providers collaborate, communicate, refer patients to each other, and to map how patients traverse the network of providers. Most healthcare service network models have been constructed from patient claims data, using billing claims to link a patient with a specific provider in time. The data sets can be quite large (106-108 individual claims per year, making standard methods for network construction computationally challenging and thus requiring the use of alternate construction algorithms. While these alternate methods have seen increasing use in generating healthcare networks, there is little to no literature comparing the differences in the structural properties of the generated networks, which as we demonstrate, can be dramatically different. To address this issue, we compared the properties of healthcare networks constructed using different algorithms from 2013 Medicare Part B outpatient claims data. Three different algorithms were compared: binning, sliding frame, and trace-route. Unipartite networks linking either providers or healthcare organizations by shared patients were built using each method. We find that each algorithm produced networks with substantially different topological properties, as reflected by numbers of edges, network density, assortativity, clustering coefficients and other structural measures. Provider networks adhered to a power law, while organization networks were best fit by a power law with exponential cutoff. Censoring networks to exclude edges with less than 11 shared patients, a common de-identification practice for healthcare network data, markedly reduced edge numbers and network density, and greatly altered measures of vertex prominence such as the betweenness centrality. Data analysis identified patterns in the distance patients travel between network providers, and a striking set of teaming relationships between providers in the Northeast

An examination of a reciprocal relationship between network governance and network structure

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bergenholtz, Carsten; Goduscheit, René Chester

2011-01-01

In the present article, we examine the network structure and governance of inter-organisational innovation networks over time. Network governance refers to the issue of how to manage and coordinate the relational activities and processes in the network while research on network structure deals...

Correlations in star networks: from Bell inequalities to network inequalities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tavakoli, Armin; Renou, Marc Olivier; Gisin, Nicolas; Brunner, Nicolas

2017-01-01

The problem of characterizing classical and quantum correlations in networks is considered. Contrary to the usual Bell scenario, where distant observers share a physical system emitted by one common source, a network features several independent sources, each distributing a physical system to a subset of observers. In the quantum setting, the observers can perform joint measurements on initially independent systems, which may lead to strong correlations across the whole network. In this work, we introduce a technique to systematically map a Bell inequality to a family of Bell-type inequalities bounding classical correlations on networks in a star-configuration. Also, we show that whenever a given Bell inequality can be violated by some entangled state ρ , then all the corresponding network inequalities can be violated by considering many copies of ρ distributed in the star network. The relevance of these ideas is illustrated by applying our method to a specific multi-setting Bell inequality. We derive the corresponding network inequalities, and study their quantum violations. (paper)

Robust Learning of High-dimensional Biological Networks with Bayesian Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Nägele, Andreas; Dejori, Mathäus; Stetter, Martin

Structure learning of Bayesian networks applied to gene expression data has become a potentially useful method to estimate interactions between genes. However, the NP-hardness of Bayesian network structure learning renders the reconstruction of the full genetic network with thousands of genes unfeasible. Consequently, the maximal network size is usually restricted dramatically to a small set of genes (corresponding with variables in the Bayesian network). Although this feature reduction step makes structure learning computationally tractable, on the downside, the learned structure might be adversely affected due to the introduction of missing genes. Additionally, gene expression data are usually very sparse with respect to the number of samples, i.e., the number of genes is much greater than the number of different observations. Given these problems, learning robust network features from microarray data is a challenging task. This chapter presents several approaches tackling the robustness issue in order to obtain a more reliable estimation of learned network features.

Structural Behavioral Study on the General Aviation Network Based on Complex Network

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Liang; Lu, Na

2017-12-01

The general aviation system is an open and dissipative system with complex structures and behavioral features. This paper has established the system model and network model for general aviation. We have analyzed integral attributes and individual attributes by applying the complex network theory and concluded that the general aviation network has influential enterprise factors and node relations. We have checked whether the network has small world effect, scale-free property and network centrality property which a complex network should have by applying degree distribution of functions and proved that the general aviation network system is a complex network. Therefore, we propose to achieve the evolution process of the general aviation industrial chain to collaborative innovation cluster of advanced-form industries by strengthening network multiplication effect, stimulating innovation performance and spanning the structural hole path.

Shared protection based virtual network mapping in space division multiplexing optical networks

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Huibin; Wang, Wei; Zhao, Yongli; Zhang, Jie

2018-05-01

Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) has been introduced to improve the capacity of optical networks. In SDM optical networks, there are multiple cores/modes in each fiber link, and spectrum resources are multiplexed in both frequency and core/modes dimensions. Enabled by network virtualization technology, one SDM optical network substrate can be shared by several virtual networks operators. Similar with point-to-point connection services, virtual networks (VN) also need certain survivability to guard against network failures. Based on customers' heterogeneous requirements on the survivability of their virtual networks, this paper studies the shared protection based VN mapping problem and proposes a Minimum Free Frequency Slots (MFFS) mapping algorithm to improve spectrum efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can optimize SDM optical networks significantly in terms of blocking probability and spectrum utilization.

Fulcrum Network Codes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2015-01-01

Fulcrum network codes, which are a network coding framework, achieve three objectives: (i) to reduce the overhead per coded packet to almost 1 bit per source packet; (ii) to operate the network using only low field size operations at intermediate nodes, dramatically reducing complexity...... in the network; and (iii) to deliver an end-to-end performance that is close to that of a high field size network coding system for high-end receivers while simultaneously catering to low-end ones that can only decode in a lower field size. Sources may encode using a high field size expansion to increase...... the number of dimensions seen by the network using a linear mapping. Receivers can tradeoff computational effort with network delay, decoding in the high field size, the low field size, or a combination thereof....

Network Affordances

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Samson, Audrey; Soon, Winnie

2015-01-01

This paper examines the notion of network affordance within the context of network art. Building on Gibson's theory (Gibson, 1979) we understand affordance as the perceived and actual parameters of a thing. We expand on Gaver's affordance of predictability (Gaver, 1996) to include ecological...... and computational parameters of unpredictability. We illustrate the notion of unpredictability by considering four specific works that were included in a network art exhibiton, SPEED SHOW [2.0] Hong Kong. The paper discusses how the artworks are contingent upon the parameteric relations (Parisi, 2013......), of the network. We introduce network affordance as a dynamic framework that could articulate the experienced tension arising from the (visible) symbolic representation of computational processes and its hidden occurrences. We base our proposal on the experience of both organising the SPEED SHOW and participating...

A Quantum Cryptography Communication Network Based on Software Defined Network

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhang Hongliang

2018-01-01

Full Text Available With the development of the Internet, information security has attracted great attention in today’s society, and quantum cryptography communication network based on quantum key distribution (QKD is a very important part of this field, since the quantum key distribution combined with one-time-pad encryption scheme can guarantee the unconditional security of the information. The secret key generated by quantum key distribution protocols is a very valuable resource, so making full use of key resources is particularly important. Software definition network (SDN is a new type of network architecture, and it separates the control plane and the data plane of network devices through OpenFlow technology, thus it realizes the flexible control of the network resources. In this paper, a quantum cryptography communication network model based on SDN is proposed to realize the flexible control of quantum key resources in the whole cryptography communication network. Moreover, we propose a routing algorithm which takes into account both the hops and the end-to-end availible keys, so that the secret key generated by QKD can be used effectively. We also simulate this quantum cryptography communication network, and the result shows that based on SDN and the proposed routing algorithm the performance of this network is improved since the effective use of the quantum key resources.

Analyzing the factors affecting network lifetime cluster-based wireless sensor network

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Malik, A.S.; Qureshi, A.

2010-01-01

Cluster-based wireless sensor networks enable the efficient utilization of the limited energy resources of the deployed sensor nodes and hence prolong the node as well as network lifetime. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (Leach) is one of the most promising clustering protocol proposed for wireless sensor networks. This paper provides the energy utilization and lifetime analysis for cluster-based wireless sensor networks based upon LEACH protocol. Simulation results identify some important factors that induce unbalanced energy utilization between the sensor nodes and hence affect the network lifetime in these types of networks. These results highlight the need for a standardized, adaptive and distributed clustering technique that can increase the network lifetime by further balancing the energy utilization among sensor nodes. (author)

A Network Primer: Full-Fledged Educational Networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Lehrer, Ariella

1988-01-01

Discusses some of the factors included in choosing appropriate computer networks for the classroom. Describes such networks as those produced by Apple Computer, Corvus Systems, Velan, Berkeley Softworks, Tandy, LAN-TECH, Unisys, and International Business Machines (IBM). (TW)

Network on Target: Remotely Configured Adaptive Tactical Networks

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Bordetsky, Alex; Bourakov, Eugene

2006-01-01

The emerging tactical networks represent complex network-centric systems, in which multiple sensors, unmanned vehicles, and geographically distributed units of highly mobile decision makers, transfer...

Network planning study of the metro-optical-network-oriented 3G application

Science.gov (United States)

Gong, Qian; Xu, Rong; Lin, Jin Tong

2005-02-01

To compare with the 2G mobile communication, 3G technologies can supply the perfect service scope and performance. 3G is the trend of the mobile communication. So now to build the transmission network, it is needed to consider how the transmission network to support the 3G applications. For the 3G network architecture, it include the 2 part: Utran access network and core network. So the metro optical network should consider how to build the network to adapt the 3G applications. Include the metro core and access layer. In the metro core, we should consider the network should evolved towards the Mesh architecture with ASON function to realize the fast protection and restoration, quick end-to-end service provision, and high capacity cross-connect matrix etc. In the access layer, the network should have the ability to access the 3G services such as ATM interface with IMA function. In addition, the traffic grooming should be provided to improve the bandwidth utility. In this paper, first we present the MCC network situation, the network planning model will be introduced. Then we present the topology architecture, node capacity and traffic forecast. At last, based on our analysis, we will give a total solution to MCC to build their metro optical network toward to the mesh network with the consideration of 3G services.

Optical network democratization.

Science.gov (United States)

Nejabati, Reza; Peng, Shuping; Simeonidou, Dimitra

2016-03-06

The current Internet infrastructure is not able to support independent evolution and innovation at physical and network layer functionalities, protocols and services, while at same time supporting the increasing bandwidth demands of evolving and heterogeneous applications. This paper addresses this problem by proposing a completely democratized optical network infrastructure. It introduces the novel concepts of the optical white box and bare metal optical switch as key technology enablers for democratizing optical networks. These are programmable optical switches whose hardware is loosely connected internally and is completely separated from their control software. To alleviate their complexity, a multi-dimensional abstraction mechanism using software-defined network technology is proposed. It creates a universal model of the proposed switches without exposing their technological details. It also enables a conventional network programmer to develop network applications for control of the optical network without specific technical knowledge of the physical layer. Furthermore, a novel optical network virtualization mechanism is proposed, enabling the composition and operation of multiple coexisting and application-specific virtual optical networks sharing the same physical infrastructure. Finally, the optical white box and the abstraction mechanism are experimentally evaluated, while the virtualization mechanism is evaluated with simulation. © 2016 The Author(s).

Community Detection for Multiplex Social Networks Based on Relational Bayesian Networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jiang, Jiuchuan; Jaeger, Manfred

2014-01-01

Many techniques have been proposed for community detection in social networks. Most of these techniques are only designed for networks defined by a single relation. However, many real networks are multiplex networks that contain multiple types of relations and different attributes on the nodes...

Networks of networks the last frontier of complexity

CERN Document Server

Scala, Antonio

2014-01-01

The present work is meant as a reference to provide an organic and comprehensive view of the most relevant results in the exciting new field of Networks of Networks (NetoNets). Seminal papers have recently been published posing the basis to study what happens when different networks interact, thus providing evidence for the emergence of new, unexpected behaviors and vulnerabilities. From those seminal works, the awareness on the importance understanding Networks of Networks (NetoNets) has spread to the entire community of Complexity Science. The reader will benefit from the experience of some of the most well-recognized leaders in this field. The contents have been aggregated under four headings; General Theory, Phenomenology, Applications and Risk Assessment. The reader will be impressed by the different applications of the general paradigm that span from physiology, to financial risk, to transports. We are currently making the first steps to reduce the distance between the language and the way of thinking o...

Complex Networks

CERN Document Server

Evsukoff, Alexandre; González, Marta

2013-01-01

In the last decade we have seen the emergence of a new inter-disciplinary field focusing on the understanding of networks which are dynamic, large, open, and have a structure sometimes called random-biased. The field of Complex Networks is helping us better understand many complex phenomena such as the spread of  deseases, protein interactions, social relationships, to name but a few. Studies in Complex Networks are gaining attention due to some major scientific breakthroughs proposed by network scientists helping us understand and model interactions contained in large datasets. In fact, if we could point to one event leading to the widespread use of complex network analysis is the availability of online databases. Theories of Random Graphs from Erdös and Rényi from the late 1950s led us to believe that most networks had random characteristics. The work on large online datasets told us otherwise. Starting with the work of Barabási and Albert as well as Watts and Strogatz in the late 1990s, we now know th...

Networking Ethics: A Survey of Bioethics Networks Across the U.S.

Science.gov (United States)

Fausett, Jennifer Kleiner; Gilmore-Szott, Eleanor; Hester, D Micah

2016-06-01

Ethics networks have emerged over the last few decades as a mechanism for individuals and institutions over various regions, cities and states to converge on healthcare-related ethical issues. However, little is known about the development and nature of such networks. In an effort to fill the gap in the knowledge about such networks, a survey was conducted that evaluated the organizational structure, missions and functions, as well as the outcomes/products of ethics networks across the country. Eighteen established bioethics networks were identified via consensus of three search processes and were approached for participation. The participants completed a survey developed for the purposes of this study and distributed via SurveyMonkey. Responses were obtained from 10 of the 18 identified and approached networks regarding topic areas of: Network Composition and Catchment Areas; Network Funding and Expenses; Personnel; Services; and Missions and Accomplishments. Bioethics networks are designed primarily to bring ethics education and support to professionals and hospitals. They do so over specifically defined areas-states, regions, or communities-and each is concerned about how to stay financially healthy. At the same time, the networks work off different organizational models, either as stand-alone organizations or as entities within existing organizational structures.

In-network adaptation of SHVC video in software-defined networks

Science.gov (United States)

Awobuluyi, Olatunde; Nightingale, James; Wang, Qi; Alcaraz Calero, Jose Maria; Grecos, Christos

2016-04-01

Software Defined Networks (SDN), when combined with Network Function Virtualization (NFV) represents a paradigm shift in how future networks will behave and be managed. SDN's are expected to provide the underpinning technologies for future innovations such as 5G mobile networks and the Internet of Everything. The SDN architecture offers features that facilitate an abstracted and centralized global network view in which packet forwarding or dropping decisions are based on application flows. Software Defined Networks facilitate a wide range of network management tasks, including the adaptation of real-time video streams as they traverse the network. SHVC, the scalable extension to the recent H.265 standard is a new video encoding standard that supports ultra-high definition video streams with spatial resolutions of up to 7680×4320 and frame rates of 60fps or more. The massive increase in bandwidth required to deliver these U-HD video streams dwarfs the bandwidth requirements of current high definition (HD) video. Such large bandwidth increases pose very significant challenges for network operators. In this paper we go substantially beyond the limited number of existing implementations and proposals for video streaming in SDN's all of which have primarily focused on traffic engineering solutions such as load balancing. By implementing and empirically evaluating an SDN enabled Media Adaptation Network Entity (MANE) we provide a valuable empirical insight into the benefits and limitations of SDN enabled video adaptation for real time video applications. The SDN-MANE is the video adaptation component of our Video Quality Assurance Manager (VQAM) SDN control plane application, which also includes an SDN monitoring component to acquire network metrics and a decision making engine using algorithms to determine the optimum adaptation strategy for any real time video application flow given the current network conditions. Our proposed VQAM application has been implemented and

ATM Tactical Network - a challenge for the military networks

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Waveren, C.J. van; Luiijf, H.A.M.; Burakowski, W.; Kopertowski, Z.

1997-01-01

The next generation of tactical networks will be based on the ATM technology. The POST-2000 tactical network is just in the designing phase. The objective of this paper is to point out the main problems which should be solved to adopt ATM technology into the tactical network environment. The

Spectral Analysis of Rich Network Topology in Social Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Leting

2013-01-01

Social networks have received much attention these days. Researchers have developed different methods to study the structure and characteristics of the network topology. Our focus is on spectral analysis of the adjacency matrix of the underlying network. Recent work showed good properties in the adjacency spectral space but there are few…

Promoting Social Network Awareness: A Social Network Monitoring System

Science.gov (United States)

Cadima, Rita; Ferreira, Carlos; Monguet, Josep; Ojeda, Jordi; Fernandez, Joaquin

2010-01-01

To increase communication and collaboration opportunities, members of a community must be aware of the social networks that exist within that community. This paper describes a social network monitoring system--the KIWI system--that enables users to register their interactions and visualize their social networks. The system was implemented in a…

Optimal Network-Topology Design

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Victor O. K.; Yuen, Joseph H.; Hou, Ting-Chao; Lam, Yuen Fung

1987-01-01

Candidate network designs tested for acceptability and cost. Optimal Network Topology Design computer program developed as part of study on topology design and analysis of performance of Space Station Information System (SSIS) network. Uses efficient algorithm to generate candidate network designs consisting of subsets of set of all network components, in increasing order of total costs and checks each design to see whether it forms acceptable network. Technique gives true cost-optimal network and particularly useful when network has many constraints and not too many components. Program written in PASCAL.

Integrating Networking into ATLAS

CERN Document Server

Mc Kee, Shawn Patrick; The ATLAS collaboration

2018-01-01

Networking is foundational to the ATLAS distributed infrastructure and there are many ongoing activities related to networking both within and outside of ATLAS. We will report on the progress in a number of areas exploring ATLAS's use of networking and our ability to monitor the network, analyze metrics from the network, and tune and optimize application and end-host parameters to make the most effective use of the network. Specific topics will include work on Open vSwitch for production systems, network analytics, FTS testing and tuning, and network problem alerting and alarming.

Autonomous vision networking: miniature wireless sensor networks with imaging technology

Science.gov (United States)

Messinger, Gioia; Goldberg, Giora

2006-09-01

The recent emergence of integrated PicoRadio technology, the rise of low power, low cost, System-On-Chip (SOC) CMOS imagers, coupled with the fast evolution of networking protocols and digital signal processing (DSP), created a unique opportunity to achieve the goal of deploying large-scale, low cost, intelligent, ultra-low power distributed wireless sensor networks for the visualization of the environment. Of all sensors, vision is the most desired, but its applications in distributed sensor networks have been elusive so far. Not any more. The practicality and viability of ultra-low power vision networking has been proven and its applications are countless, from security, and chemical analysis to industrial monitoring, asset tracking and visual recognition, vision networking represents a truly disruptive technology applicable to many industries. The presentation discusses some of the critical components and technologies necessary to make these networks and products affordable and ubiquitous - specifically PicoRadios, CMOS imagers, imaging DSP, networking and overall wireless sensor network (WSN) system concepts. The paradigm shift, from large, centralized and expensive sensor platforms, to small, low cost, distributed, sensor networks, is possible due to the emergence and convergence of a few innovative technologies. Avaak has developed a vision network that is aided by other sensors such as motion, acoustic and magnetic, and plans to deploy it for use in military and commercial applications. In comparison to other sensors, imagers produce large data files that require pre-processing and a certain level of compression before these are transmitted to a network server, in order to minimize the load on the network. Some of the most innovative chemical detectors currently in development are based on sensors that change color or pattern in the presence of the desired analytes. These changes are easily recorded and analyzed by a CMOS imager and an on-board DSP processor

Network Transformations in Economy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bolychev O.

2014-09-01

Full Text Available In the context of ever-increasing market competition, networked interactions play a special role in the economy. The network form of entrepreneurship is increasingly viewed as an effective organizational structure to create a market value embedded in innovative business solutions. The authors study the characteristics of a network as an economic category and emphasize certain similarities between Rus sian and international approaches to identifying interactions of economic systems based on the network principle. The paper focuses on the types of networks widely used in the economy. The authors analyze the transformation of business networks along two lines: from an intra- to an inter-firm network and from an inter-firm to an inter-organizational network. The possible forms of network formation are described depending on the strength of connections and the type of integration. The drivers and reasons behind process of transition from a hierarchical model of the organizational structure to a network type are identified. The authors analyze the advantages of creating inter-firm networks and discuss the features of inter-organizational networks as compares to inter-firm ones. The article summarizes the reasons for and advantages of participation in inter-rganizational networks and identifies the main barriers to the formation of inter-organizational network.

Reliable Communication in Wireless Meshed Networks using Network Coding

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pahlevani, Peyman; Paramanathan, Achuthan; Hundebøll, Martin

2012-01-01

The advantages of network coding have been extensively studied in the field of wireless networks. Integrating network coding with existing IEEE 802.11 MAC layer is a challenging problem. The IEEE 802.11 MAC does not provide any reliability mechanisms for overheard packets. This paper addresses...... this problem and suggests different mechanisms to support reliability as part of the MAC protocol. Analytical expressions to this problem are given to qualify the performance of the modified network coding. These expressions are confirmed by numerical result. While the suggested reliability mechanisms...

Group Centric Networking: Large Scale Over the Air Testing of Group Centric Networking

Science.gov (United States)

2016-11-01

Large Scale Over-the-Air Testing of Group Centric Networking Logan Mercer, Greg Kuperman, Andrew Hunter, Brian Proulx MIT Lincoln Laboratory...performance of Group Centric Networking (GCN), a networking protocol developed for robust and scalable communications in lossy networks where users are...devices, and the ad-hoc nature of the network . Group Centric Networking (GCN) is a proposed networking protocol that addresses challenges specific to

A Collaborative Learning Network Approach to Improvement: The CUSP Learning Network.

Science.gov (United States)

Weaver, Sallie J; Lofthus, Jennifer; Sawyer, Melinda; Greer, Lee; Opett, Kristin; Reynolds, Catherine; Wyskiel, Rhonda; Peditto, Stephanie; Pronovost, Peter J

2015-04-01

Collaborative improvement networks draw on the science of collaborative organizational learning and communities of practice to facilitate peer-to-peer learning, coaching, and local adaption. Although significant improvements in patient safety and quality have been achieved through collaborative methods, insight regarding how collaborative networks are used by members is needed. Improvement Strategy: The Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program (CUSP) Learning Network is a multi-institutional collaborative network that is designed to facilitate peer-to-peer learning and coaching specifically related to CUSP. Member organizations implement all or part of the CUSP methodology to improve organizational safety culture, patient safety, and care quality. Qualitative case studies developed by participating members examine the impact of network participation across three levels of analysis (unit, hospital, health system). In addition, results of a satisfaction survey designed to evaluate member experiences were collected to inform network development. Common themes across case studies suggest that members found value in collaborative learning and sharing strategies across organizational boundaries related to a specific improvement strategy. The CUSP Learning Network is an example of network-based collaborative learning in action. Although this learning network focuses on a particular improvement methodology-CUSP-there is clear potential for member-driven learning networks to grow around other methods or topic areas. Such collaborative learning networks may offer a way to develop an infrastructure for longer-term support of improvement efforts and to more quickly diffuse creative sustainment strategies.

Evolutionary features of academic articles co-keyword network and keywords co-occurrence network: Based on two-mode affiliation network

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Huajiao; An, Haizhong; Wang, Yue; Huang, Jiachen; Gao, Xiangyun

2016-05-01

Keeping abreast of trends in the articles and rapidly grasping a body of article's key points and relationship from a holistic perspective is a new challenge in both literature research and text mining. As the important component, keywords can present the core idea of the academic article. Usually, articles on a single theme or area could share one or some same keywords, and we can analyze topological features and evolution of the articles co-keyword networks and keywords co-occurrence networks to realize the in-depth analysis of the articles. This paper seeks to integrate statistics, text mining, complex networks and visualization to analyze all of the academic articles on one given theme, complex network(s). All 5944 ;complex networks; articles that were published between 1990 and 2013 and are available on the Web of Science are extracted. Based on the two-mode affiliation network theory, a new frontier of complex networks, we constructed two different networks, one taking the articles as nodes, the co-keyword relationships as edges and the quantity of co-keywords as the weight to construct articles co-keyword network, and another taking the articles' keywords as nodes, the co-occurrence relationships as edges and the quantity of simultaneous co-occurrences as the weight to construct keyword co-occurrence network. An integrated method for analyzing the topological features and evolution of the articles co-keyword network and keywords co-occurrence networks is proposed, and we also defined a new function to measure the innovation coefficient of the articles in annual level. This paper provides a useful tool and process for successfully achieving in-depth analysis and rapid understanding of the trends and relationships of articles in a holistic perspective.

Network topology analysis.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kalb, Jeffrey L.; Lee, David S.

2008-01-01

Emerging high-bandwidth, low-latency network technology has made network-based architectures both feasible and potentially desirable for use in satellite payload architectures. The selection of network topology is a critical component when developing these multi-node or multi-point architectures. This study examines network topologies and their effect on overall network performance. Numerous topologies were reviewed against a number of performance, reliability, and cost metrics. This document identifies a handful of good network topologies for satellite applications and the metrics used to justify them as such. Since often multiple topologies will meet the requirements of the satellite payload architecture under development, the choice of network topology is not easy, and in the end the choice of topology is influenced by both the design characteristics and requirements of the overall system and the experience of the developer.

Dissemination Patterns and Associated Network Effects of Sentiments in Social Networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hillmann, Robert; Trier, Matthias

2012-01-01

. The dissemination patterns analyzed in this study consist of network motifs based on triples of actors and the ties among them. These motifs are associated with common social network effects to derive meaningful insights about dissemination activities. The data basis includes several thousand social networks...... with textual messages classified according to embedded positive and negative sentiments. Based on this data, sub-networks are extracted and analyzed with a dynamic network motif analysis to determine dissemination patterns and associated network effects. Results indicate that the emergence of digital social...... networks exhibits a strong tendency towards reciprocity, followed by the dominance of hierarchy as an intermediate step leading to social clustering with hubs and transitivity effects for both positive and negative sentiments to the same extend. Sentiments embedded in exchanged textual messages do only...

Optical Access Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Jun; Ansari, Nirwan

2005-01-01

Call for Papers: Optical Access Networks Guest Editors Jun Zheng, University of Ottawa Nirwan Ansari, New Jersey Institute of Technology Submission Deadline: 1 June 2005 Background With the wide deployment of fiber-optic technology over the past two decades, we have witnessed a tremendous growth of bandwidth capacity in the backbone networks of today's telecommunications infrastructure. However, access networks, which cover the "last-mile" areas and serve numerous residential and small business users, have not been scaled up commensurately. The local subscriber lines for telephone and cable television are still using twisted pairs and coaxial cables. Most residential connections to the Internet are still through dial-up modems operating at a low speed on twisted pairs. As the demand for access bandwidth increases with emerging high-bandwidth applications, such as distance learning, high-definition television (HDTV), and video on demand (VoD), the last-mile access networks have become a bandwidth bottleneck in today's telecommunications infrastructure. To ease this bottleneck, it is imperative to provide sufficient bandwidth capacity in the access networks to open the bottleneck and thus present more opportunities for the provisioning of multiservices. Optical access solutions promise huge bandwidth to service providers and low-cost high-bandwidth services to end users and are therefore widely considered the technology of choice for next-generation access networks. To realize the vision of optical access networks, however, many key issues still need to be addressed, such as network architectures, signaling protocols, and implementation standards. The major challenges lie in the fact that an optical solution must be not only robust, scalable, and flexible, but also implemented at a low cost comparable to that of existing access solutions in order to increase the economic viability of many potential high-bandwidth applications. In recent years, optical access networks

Networks in ATLAS

Science.gov (United States)

McKee, Shawn; ATLAS Collaboration

2017-10-01

Networks have played a critical role in high-energy physics (HEP), enabling us to access and effectively utilize globally distributed resources to meet the needs of our physicists. Because of their importance in enabling our grid computing infrastructure many physicists have taken leading roles in research and education (R&E) networking, participating in, and even convening, network related meetings and research programs with the broader networking community worldwide. This has led to HEP benefiting from excellent global networking capabilities for little to no direct cost. However, as other science domains ramp-up their need for similar networking it becomes less clear that this situation will continue unchanged. What this means for ATLAS in particular needs to be understood. ATLAS has evolved its computing model since the LHC started based upon its experience with using globally distributed resources. The most significant theme of those changes has been increased reliance upon, and use of, its networks. We will report on a number of networking initiatives in ATLAS including participation in the global perfSONAR network monitoring and measuring efforts of WLCG and OSG, the collaboration with the LHCOPN/LHCONE effort, the integration of network awareness into PanDA, the use of the evolving ATLAS analytics framework to better understand our networks and the changes in our DDM system to allow remote access to data. We will also discuss new efforts underway that are exploring the inclusion and use of software defined networks (SDN) and how ATLAS might benefit from: • Orchestration and optimization of distributed data access and data movement. • Better control of workflows, end to end. • Enabling prioritization of time-critical vs normal tasks • Improvements in the efficiency of resource usage

Identity and Professional Networking.

Science.gov (United States)

Raj, Medha; Fast, Nathanael J; Fisher, Oliver

2017-06-01

Despite evidence that large professional networks afford a host of financial and professional benefits, people vary in how motivated they are to build such networks. To help explain this variance, the present article moves beyond a rational self-interest account to examine the possibility that identity shapes individuals' intentions to network. Study 1 established a positive association between viewing professional networking as identity-congruent and the tendency to prioritize strengthening and expanding one's professional network. Study 2 revealed that manipulating the salience of the self affects networking intentions, but only among those high in networking identity-congruence. Study 3 further established causality by experimentally manipulating identity-congruence to increase networking intentions. Study 4 examined whether identity or self-interest is a better predictor of networking intentions, providing support for the former. These findings indicate that identity influences the networks people develop. Implications for research on the self, identity-based motivation, and professional networking are discussed.

Northern emporia and maritime networks. Modelling past communication using archaeological network analysis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sindbæk, Søren Michael

2015-01-01

preserve patterns of thisinteraction. Formal network analysis and modelling holds the potential to identify anddemonstrate such patterns, where traditional methods often prove inadequate. Thearchaeological study of communication networks in the past, however, calls for radically different analytical...... this is not a problem of network analysis, but network synthesis: theclassic problem of cracking codes or reconstructing black-box circuits. It is proposedthat archaeological approaches to network synthesis must involve a contextualreading of network data: observations arising from individual contexts, morphologies...

Social networks in primates: smart and tolerant species have more efficient networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Pasquaretta, Cristian; Levé, Marine; Claidière, Nicolas; van de Waal, Erica; Whiten, Andrew; MacIntosh, Andrew J J; Pelé, Marie; Bergstrom, Mackenzie L; Borgeaud, Christèle; Brosnan, Sarah F; Crofoot, Margaret C; Fedigan, Linda M; Fichtel, Claudia; Hopper, Lydia M; Mareno, Mary Catherine; Petit, Odile; Schnoell, Anna Viktoria; di Sorrentino, Eugenia Polizzi; Thierry, Bernard; Tiddi, Barbara; Sueur, Cédric

2014-12-23

Network optimality has been described in genes, proteins and human communicative networks. In the latter, optimality leads to the efficient transmission of information with a minimum number of connections. Whilst studies show that differences in centrality exist in animal networks with central individuals having higher fitness, network efficiency has never been studied in animal groups. Here we studied 78 groups of primates (24 species). We found that group size and neocortex ratio were correlated with network efficiency. Centralisation (whether several individuals are central in the group) and modularity (how a group is clustered) had opposing effects on network efficiency, showing that tolerant species have more efficient networks. Such network properties affecting individual fitness could be shaped by natural selection. Our results are in accordance with the social brain and cultural intelligence hypotheses, which suggest that the importance of network efficiency and information flow through social learning relates to cognitive abilities.

Epidemic Network Failures in Optical Transport Networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ruepp, Sarah Renée; Katsikas, Dimitrios; Fagertun, Anna Manolova

2013-01-01

This paper presents a failure propagation model for transport networks which are affected by epidemic failures. The network is controlled using the GMPLS protocol suite. The Susceptible Infected Disabled (SID) epidemic model is investigated and new signaling functionality of GMPLS to support...

Network on Target: Remotely Configured Adaptive Tactical Networks

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Bordetsky, Alex; Bourakov, Eugene

2006-01-01

.... The node mobility as well as ad hoc network topology reconfiguration becomes a powerful control option, which network operators or intelligent management agents could apply to provide for self...

Analysis of Network Parameters Influencing Performance of Hybrid Multimedia Networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dominik Kovac

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Multimedia networks is an emerging subject that currently attracts the attention of research and industrial communities. This environment provides new entertainment services and business opportunities merged with all well-known network services like VoIP calls or file transfers. Such a heterogeneous system has to be able satisfy all network and end-user requirements which are increasing constantly. Therefore the simulation tools enabling deep analysis in order to find the key performance indicators and factors which influence the overall quality for specific network service the most are highly needed. This paper provides a study on the network parameters like communication technology, routing protocol, QoS mechanism, etc. and their effect on the performance of hybrid multimedia network. The analysis was performed in OPNET Modeler environment and the most interesting results are discussed at the end of this paper

Software defined wireless sensor networks application opportunities for efficient network management: a survey

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Modieginyane, KM

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are commonly used information technologies of modern networking and computing platforms. Today's network computing applications are faced with a high demand of powerful network functionalities. Functional network...

Stories in Networks and Networks in Stories: A Tri-Modal Model for Mixed-Methods Social Network Research on Teachers

Science.gov (United States)

Baker-Doyle, Kira J.

2015-01-01

Social network research on teachers and schools has risen exponentially in recent years as an innovative method to reveal the role of social networks in education. However, scholars are still exploring ways to incorporate traditional quantitative methods of Social Network Analysis (SNA) with qualitative approaches to social network research. This…

Developing cyber security architecture for military networks using cognitive networking

OpenAIRE

Kärkkäinen, Anssi

2015-01-01

In recent years, the importance of cyber security has increased. Cyber security has not become a critical issue only for governmental or business actors, but also for armed forces that nowadays rely on national or even global networks in their daily activities. The Network Centric Warfare (NCW) paradigm has increased the significance of networking during last decades as it enables information superiority in which military combat power increased by networking the battlefield actors from perspe...

Game theory in communication networks cooperative resolution of interactive networking scenarios

CERN Document Server

Antoniou, Josephina

2012-01-01

A mathematical tool for scientists and researchers who work with computer and communication networks, Game Theory in Communication Networks: Cooperative Resolution of Interactive Networking Scenarios addresses the question of how to promote cooperative behavior in interactive situations between heterogeneous entities in communication networking scenarios. It explores network design and management from a theoretical perspective, using game theory and graph theory to analyze strategic situations and demonstrate profitable behaviors of the cooperative entities. The book promotes the use of Game T

Advanced network programming principles and techniques : network application programming with Java

CERN Document Server

Ciubotaru, Bogdan

2013-01-01

Answering the need for an accessible overview of the field, this text/reference presents a manageable introduction to both the theoretical and practical aspects of computer networks and network programming. Clearly structured and easy to follow, the book describes cutting-edge developments in network architectures, communication protocols, and programming techniques and models, supported by code examples for hands-on practice with creating network-based applications. Features: presents detailed coverage of network architectures; gently introduces the reader to the basic ideas underpinning comp

An Inter-Networking Mechanism with Stepwise Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Masayuki Murata

2011-08-01

Full Text Available To realize the ambient information society, multiple wireless networks deployed in the region and devices carried by users are required to cooperate with each other. Since duty cycles and operational frequencies are different among networks, we need a mechanism to allow networks to efficiently exchange messages. For this purpose, we propose a novel inter-networking mechanism where two networks are synchronized with each other in a moderate manner, which we call stepwise synchronization. With our proposal, to bridge the gap between intrinsic operational frequencies, nodes near the border of networks adjust their operational frequencies in a stepwise fashion based on the pulse-coupled oscillator model as a fundamental theory of synchronization. Through simulation experiments, we show that the communication delay and the energy consumption of border nodes are reduced, which enables wireless sensor networks to communicate longer with each other.

The Analysis of SARDANA HPON Networks Using the HPON Network Configurator

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rastislav Roka

2013-01-01

Full Text Available NG-PON systems present optical access infrastructures to support various applications of the many service providers. In the near future, we can expect NG-PON technologies with different motivations for developing of HPON networks. The HPON is a hybrid passive optical network in a way that utilizes on a physical layer both TDM and WDM multiplexing principles together. The HPON network utilizes similar or soft revised topologies as TDM-PON architectures. In this second paper, requirements for the SARDANA HPON networks are introduced. A main part of the paper is dedicated to presentation of the HPON network configurator that allows configurating and analyzing the SARDANA HPON characteristics from a viewpoint of various specific network parameters. Finally, a short introduction to the comparison of the SARDANA and SUCCESS HPON networks based on simulation results is presented.

The Analysis of SUCCESS HPON Networks Using the HPON Network Configurator

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rastislav Roka

2013-01-01

Full Text Available NG-PON systems present optical access infrastructures to support various applications of the many service providers. In the near future, we can expect NG-PON technologies with different motivations for developing of HPON networks. The HPON is a hybrid passive optical network in a way that utilizes on a physical layer both TDM and WDM multiplexing principles together. The HPON network utilizes similar or soft revised topologies as TDM-PON architectures. In this first paper, design requirements for SUCCESS HPON networks are introduced. A main part of the paper is dedicated to presentation of the HPON network configurator that allows configurating and analyzing the SUCCESS HPON characteristics from a viewpoint of various specific network parameters. Finally, a short introduction to the comparison of the SUCCESS and SARDANA HPON networks based on simulation results is presented.

Neural Networks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, Patrick I.

2003-01-01

Physicists use large detectors to measure particles created in high-energy collisions at particle accelerators. These detectors typically produce signals indicating either where ionization occurs along the path of the particle, or where energy is deposited by the particle. The data produced by these signals is fed into pattern recognition programs to try to identify what particles were produced, and to measure the energy and direction of these particles. Ideally, there are many techniques used in this pattern recognition software. One technique, neural networks, is particularly suitable for identifying what type of particle caused by a set of energy deposits. Neural networks can derive meaning from complicated or imprecise data, extract patterns, and detect trends that are too complex to be noticed by either humans or other computer related processes. To assist in the advancement of this technology, Physicists use a tool kit to experiment with several neural network techniques. The goal of this research is interface a neural network tool kit into Java Analysis Studio (JAS3), an application that allows data to be analyzed from any experiment. As the final result, a physicist will have the ability to train, test, and implement a neural network with the desired output while using JAS3 to analyze the results or output. Before an implementation of a neural network can take place, a firm understanding of what a neural network is and how it works is beneficial. A neural network is an artificial representation of the human brain that tries to simulate the learning process [5]. It is also important to think of the word artificial in that definition as computer programs that use calculations during the learning process. In short, a neural network learns by representative examples. Perhaps the easiest way to describe the way neural networks learn is to explain how the human brain functions. The human brain contains billions of neural cells that are responsible for processing

Default network modulation and large-scale network interactivity in healthy young and old adults.

Science.gov (United States)

Spreng, R Nathan; Schacter, Daniel L

2012-11-01

We investigated age-related changes in default, attention, and control network activity and their interactions in young and old adults. Brain activity during autobiographical and visuospatial planning was assessed using multivariate analysis and with intrinsic connectivity networks as regions of interest. In both groups, autobiographical planning engaged the default network while visuospatial planning engaged the attention network, consistent with a competition between the domains of internalized and externalized cognition. The control network was engaged for both planning tasks. In young subjects, the control network coupled with the default network during autobiographical planning and with the attention network during visuospatial planning. In old subjects, default-to-control network coupling was observed during both planning tasks, and old adults failed to deactivate the default network during visuospatial planning. This failure is not indicative of default network dysfunction per se, evidenced by default network engagement during autobiographical planning. Rather, a failure to modulate the default network in old adults is indicative of a lower degree of flexible network interactivity and reduced dynamic range of network modulation to changing task demands.

Social networks in primates: smart and tolerant species have more efficient networks

Science.gov (United States)

Pasquaretta, Cristian; Levé, Marine; Claidière, Nicolas; van de Waal, Erica; Whiten, Andrew; MacIntosh, Andrew J. J.; Pelé, Marie; Bergstrom, Mackenzie L.; Borgeaud, Christèle; Brosnan, Sarah F.; Crofoot, Margaret C.; Fedigan, Linda M.; Fichtel, Claudia; Hopper, Lydia M.; Mareno, Mary Catherine; Petit, Odile; Schnoell, Anna Viktoria; di Sorrentino, Eugenia Polizzi; Thierry, Bernard; Tiddi, Barbara; Sueur, Cédric

2014-01-01

Network optimality has been described in genes, proteins and human communicative networks. In the latter, optimality leads to the efficient transmission of information with a minimum number of connections. Whilst studies show that differences in centrality exist in animal networks with central individuals having higher fitness, network efficiency has never been studied in animal groups. Here we studied 78 groups of primates (24 species). We found that group size and neocortex ratio were correlated with network efficiency. Centralisation (whether several individuals are central in the group) and modularity (how a group is clustered) had opposing effects on network efficiency, showing that tolerant species have more efficient networks. Such network properties affecting individual fitness could be shaped by natural selection. Our results are in accordance with the social brain and cultural intelligence hypotheses, which suggest that the importance of network efficiency and information flow through social learning relates to cognitive abilities. PMID:25534964

Cisco Networking Essentials

CERN Document Server

McMillan, Troy

2011-01-01

An engaging approach for anyone beginning a career in networking As the world leader of networking products and services, Cisco products are constantly growing in demand. Yet, few books are aimed at those who are beginning a career in IT--until now. Cisco Networking Essentials provides a solid foundation on the Cisco networking products and services with thorough coverage of fundamental networking concepts. Author Troy McMillan applies his years of classroom instruction to effectively present high-level topics in easy-to-understand terms for beginners. With this indispensable full-color resour

Computer-communication networks

CERN Document Server

Meditch, James S

1983-01-01

Computer- Communication Networks presents a collection of articles the focus of which is on the field of modeling, analysis, design, and performance optimization. It discusses the problem of modeling the performance of local area networks under file transfer. It addresses the design of multi-hop, mobile-user radio networks. Some of the topics covered in the book are the distributed packet switching queuing network design, some investigations on communication switching techniques in computer networks and the minimum hop flow assignment and routing subject to an average message delay constraint

Epidemics on interconnected networks

Science.gov (United States)

Dickison, Mark; Havlin, S.; Stanley, H. E.

2012-06-01

Populations are seldom completely isolated from their environment. Individuals in a particular geographic or social region may be considered a distinct network due to strong local ties but will also interact with individuals in other networks. We study the susceptible-infected-recovered process on interconnected network systems and find two distinct regimes. In strongly coupled network systems, epidemics occur simultaneously across the entire system at a critical infection strength βc, below which the disease does not spread. In contrast, in weakly coupled network systems, a mixed phase exists below βc of the coupled network system, where an epidemic occurs in one network but does not spread to the coupled network. We derive an expression for the network and disease parameters that allow this mixed phase and verify it numerically. Public health implications of communities comprising these two classes of network systems are also mentioned.

Network effects in railways

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Landex, Alex

2012-01-01

Railway operation is often affected by network effects as a change in one part of the network can influence other parts of the network. Network effects occur because the train runs may be quite long and since the railway system has a high degree of interdependencies as trains cannot cross....../overtake each other everywhere in the network. First this paper describes network effects in general (section 1). In section 2 the network effects for trains and how they can be measured by scheduled waiting time is described. When the trains are affected by network effects the passengers are also affected....... Therefore, sections 3 and 4 describe the network effects for passengers and how they can be measured using passenger delay models. Before the concluding remarks in section 6, section 5 discusses how the operation can be improved by examining network effects in the planning process. © 2012 WIT Press....

Networks in Cell Biology

Science.gov (United States)

Buchanan, Mark; Caldarelli, Guido; De Los Rios, Paolo; Rao, Francesco; Vendruscolo, Michele

2010-05-01

Introduction; 1. Network views of the cell Paolo De Los Rios and Michele Vendruscolo; 2. Transcriptional regulatory networks Sarath Chandra Janga and M. Madan Babu; 3. Transcription factors and gene regulatory networks Matteo Brilli, Elissa Calistri and Pietro Lió; 4. Experimental methods for protein interaction identification Peter Uetz, Björn Titz, Seesandra V. Rajagopala and Gerard Cagney; 5. Modeling protein interaction networks Francesco Rao; 6. Dynamics and evolution of metabolic networks Daniel Segré; 7. Hierarchical modularity in biological networks: the case of metabolic networks Erzsébet Ravasz Regan; 8. Signalling networks Gian Paolo Rossini; Appendix 1. Complex networks: from local to global properties D. Garlaschelli and G. Caldarelli; Appendix 2. Modelling the local structure of networks D. Garlaschelli and G. Caldarelli; Appendix 3. Higher-order topological properties S. Ahnert, T. Fink and G. Caldarelli; Appendix 4. Elementary mathematical concepts A. Gabrielli and G. Caldarelli; References.

An Optical Multicast Routing with Minimal Network Coding Operations in WDM Networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Huanlin Liu

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Network coding can improve the optical multicast routing performance in terms of network throughput, bandwidth utilization, and traffic load balance. But network coding needs high encoding operations costs in all-optical WDM networks due to shortage of optical RAM. In the paper, the network coding operation is defined to evaluate the number of network coding operation cost in the paper. An optical multicast routing algorithm based on minimal number of network coding operations is proposed to improve the multicast capacity. Two heuristic criteria are designed to establish the multicast routing with low network coding cost and high multicast capacity. One is to select one path from the former K shortest paths with the least probability of dropping the multicast maximal capacity. The other is to select the path with lowest potential coding operations with the highest link shared degree among the multiple wavelength disjoint paths cluster from source to each destination. Comparing with the other multicast routing based on network coding, simulation results show that the proposed multicast routing algorithm can effectively reduce the times of network coding operations, can improve the probability of reaching multicast maximal capacity, and can keep the less multicast routing link cost for optical WDM networks.

Network Bandwidth Utilization Forecast Model on High Bandwidth Network

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoo, Wucherl; Sim, Alex

2014-07-07

With the increasing number of geographically distributed scientific collaborations and the scale of the data size growth, it has become more challenging for users to achieve the best possible network performance on a shared network. We have developed a forecast model to predict expected bandwidth utilization for high-bandwidth wide area network. The forecast model can improve the efficiency of resource utilization and scheduling data movements on high-bandwidth network to accommodate ever increasing data volume for large-scale scientific data applications. Univariate model is developed with STL and ARIMA on SNMP path utilization data. Compared with traditional approach such as Box-Jenkins methodology, our forecast model reduces computation time by 83.2percent. It also shows resilience against abrupt network usage change. The accuracy of the forecast model is within the standard deviation of the monitored measurements.

Network bandwidth utilization forecast model on high bandwidth networks

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoo, Wuchert (William) [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Sim, Alex [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

2015-03-30

With the increasing number of geographically distributed scientific collaborations and the scale of the data size growth, it has become more challenging for users to achieve the best possible network performance on a shared network. We have developed a forecast model to predict expected bandwidth utilization for high-bandwidth wide area network. The forecast model can improve the efficiency of resource utilization and scheduling data movements on high-bandwidth network to accommodate ever increasing data volume for large-scale scientific data applications. Univariate model is developed with STL and ARIMA on SNMP path utilization data. Compared with traditional approach such as Box-Jenkins methodology, our forecast model reduces computation time by 83.2%. It also shows resilience against abrupt network usage change. The accuracy of the forecast model is within the standard deviation of the monitored measurements.

Software-Defined Networks as a Stage of the Network Technology Evolution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. A. Krasotin

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The authors of the article focus on the concept of a software defined network. In the beginning, the brief historical account is given concerning software defined networks as a scientific concept, its formation and technological and scientific meaning. The software defined network concept is treated in the article not as the final state-of-the-art in networking, but rather as a possible step and direction in the development of a networking paradigm. The article touches on pros and cons as well of the software defined networking and gives an account of possible stages of development of this technology in the context of other technologies, considering its hybrid with MPLS, as an example. OpenFlow protocol constitutes the main part of the article. The authors further discuss various kinds of existing libraries realizing programmable management routines for a software defined network using OpenFlow. All of these libraries provide API for building modular applications for software defined network management. Touching on practical side of implementation the results of comparative tests of throughput and latency, achieved with these libraries are shown.

Basics of Computer Networking

CERN Document Server

Robertazzi, Thomas

2012-01-01

Springer Brief Basics of Computer Networking provides a non-mathematical introduction to the world of networks. This book covers both technology for wired and wireless networks. Coverage includes transmission media, local area networks, wide area networks, and network security. Written in a very accessible style for the interested layman by the author of a widely used textbook with many years of experience explaining concepts to the beginner.

Thin Watts-Strogatz networks.

Science.gov (United States)

de Moura, Alessandro P S

2006-01-01

A modified version of the Watts-Strogatz (WS) network model is proposed, in which the number of shortcuts scales with the network size N as Nalpha, with alpha infinity, whereas in the original WS model, this ratio is constant. We call such networks "thin Watts-Strogatz networks." We show that even though the fraction of shortcuts becomes vanishingly small for large networks, they still cause a kind of small-world effect, in the sense that the length L of the network increases sublinearly with the size. We develop a mean-field theory for these networks, which predicts that the length scales as N1-alpha ln N for large N. We also study how a search using only local information works in thin WS networks. We find that the search performance is enhanced compared to the regular network, and we predict that the search time tau scales as N1-alpha/2. These theoretical results are tested using numerical simulations. We comment on the possible relevance of thin WS networks for the design of high-performance low-cost communication networks.

"Homeless Networks: Testing Peer and Homed Networks Against Location Choice"

OpenAIRE

Shinichiro Iwata; Koji Karato

2007-01-01

This paper examines the location choices of homeless people in Osaka City, and finds them concentrated because of homeless networks. The paper also shows that different types of homeless networks operate in two different homeless groups: (1) peer networks that provide a social tie inside homeless communities are observed in groups that had not had work experience in the day labor market; (2) homed networks that provide a social tie outside homeless communities affect location choice in the ex...

Networks in ATLAS

CERN Document Server

Mc Kee, Shawn Patrick; The ATLAS collaboration

2016-01-01

Networks have played a critical role in high-energy physics (HEP), enabling us to access and effectively utilize globally distributed resources to meet the needs of our physicists. Because of their importance in enabling our grid computing infrastructure many physicists have taken leading roles in research and education (R&E) networking, participating in, and even convening, network related meetings and research programs with the broader networking community worldwide. This has led to HEP benefiting from excellent global networking capabilities for little to no direct cost. However, as other science domains ramp-up their need for similar networking it becomes less clear that this situation will continue unchanged. What this means for ATLAS in particular needs to be understood. ATLAS has evolved its computing model since the LHC started based upon its experience with using globally distributed resources. The most significant theme of those changes has been increased reliance upon, and use of, its networks....

Networks in ATLAS

CERN Document Server

AUTHOR|(INSPIRE)INSPIRE-00260714; The ATLAS collaboration

2017-01-01

Networks have played a critical role in high-energy physics (HEP), enabling us to access and effectively utilize globally distributed resources to meet the needs of our physicists. Because of their importance in enabling our grid computing infrastructure many physicists have taken leading roles in research and education (R&E) networking, participating in, and even convening, network related meetings and research programs with the broader networking community worldwide. This has led to HEP benefiting from excellent global networking capabilities for little to no direct cost. However, as other science domains ramp-up their need for similar networking it becomes less clear that this situation will continue unchanged. What this means for ATLAS in particular needs to be understood. ATLAS has evolved its computing model since the LHC started based upon its experience with using globally distributed resources. The most significant theme of those changes has been increased reliance upon, and use of, its networks....

Mobility Models for Next Generation Wireless Networks Ad Hoc, Vehicular and Mesh Networks

CERN Document Server

Santi, Paolo

2012-01-01

Mobility Models for Next Generation Wireless Networks: Ad Hoc, Vehicular and Mesh Networks provides the reader with an overview of mobility modelling, encompassing both theoretical and practical aspects related to the challenging mobility modelling task. It also: Provides up-to-date coverage of mobility models for next generation wireless networksOffers an in-depth discussion of the most representative mobility models for major next generation wireless network application scenarios, including WLAN/mesh networks, vehicular networks, wireless sensor networks, and

Networking for big data

CERN Document Server

Yu, Shui; Misic, Jelena; Shen, Xuemin (Sherman)

2015-01-01

Networking for Big Data supplies an unprecedented look at cutting-edge research on the networking and communication aspects of Big Data. Starting with a comprehensive introduction to Big Data and its networking issues, it offers deep technical coverage of both theory and applications.The book is divided into four sections: introduction to Big Data, networking theory and design for Big Data, networking security for Big Data, and platforms and systems for Big Data applications. Focusing on key networking issues in Big Data, the book explains network design and implementation for Big Data. It exa

A link prediction method for heterogeneous networks based on BP neural network

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Ji-chao; Zhao, Dan-ling; Ge, Bing-Feng; Yang, Ke-Wei; Chen, Ying-Wu

2018-04-01

Most real-world systems, composed of different types of objects connected via many interconnections, can be abstracted as various complex heterogeneous networks. Link prediction for heterogeneous networks is of great significance for mining missing links and reconfiguring networks according to observed information, with considerable applications in, for example, friend and location recommendations and disease-gene candidate detection. In this paper, we put forward a novel integrated framework, called MPBP (Meta-Path feature-based BP neural network model), to predict multiple types of links for heterogeneous networks. More specifically, the concept of meta-path is introduced, followed by the extraction of meta-path features for heterogeneous networks. Next, based on the extracted meta-path features, a supervised link prediction model is built with a three-layer BP neural network. Then, the solution algorithm of the proposed link prediction model is put forward to obtain predicted results by iteratively training the network. Last, numerical experiments on the dataset of examples of a gene-disease network and a combat network are conducted to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed MPBP. It shows that the MPBP with very good performance is superior to the baseline methods.

Collaborative Multi-Layer Network Coding For Hybrid Cellular Cognitive Radio Networks

KAUST Repository

Moubayed, Abdallah J.

2014-05-01

In this thesis, as an extension to [1], we propose a prioritized multi-layer network coding scheme for collaborative packet recovery in hybrid (interweave and underlay) cellular cognitive radio networks. This scheme allows the uncoordinated collaboration between the collocated primary and cognitive radio base-stations in order to minimize their own as well as each other’s packet recovery overheads, thus by improving their throughput. The proposed scheme ensures that each network’s performance is not degraded by its help to the other network. Moreover, it guarantees that the primary network’s interference threshold is not violated in the same and adjacent cells. Yet, the scheme allows the reduction of the recovery overhead in the collocated primary and cognitive radio networks. The reduction in the cognitive radio network is further amplified due to the perfect detection of spectrum holes which allows the cognitive radio base station to transmit at higher power without fear of violating the interference threshold of the primary network. For the secondary network, simulation results show reductions of 20% and 34% in the packet recovery overhead, compared to the non-collaborative scheme, for low and high probabilities of primary packet arrivals, respectively. For the primary network, this reduction was found to be 12%. Furthermore, with the use of fractional cooperation, the average recovery overhead is further reduced by around 5% for the primary network and around 10% for the secondary network when a high fractional cooperation probability is used.

Organization of complex networks

Science.gov (United States)

Kitsak, Maksim

Many large complex systems can be successfully analyzed using the language of graphs and networks. Interactions between the objects in a network are treated as links connecting nodes. This approach to understanding the structure of networks is an important step toward understanding the way corresponding complex systems function. Using the tools of statistical physics, we analyze the structure of networks as they are found in complex systems such as the Internet, the World Wide Web, and numerous industrial and social networks. In the first chapter we apply the concept of self-similarity to the study of transport properties in complex networks. Self-similar or fractal networks, unlike non-fractal networks, exhibit similarity on a range of scales. We find that these fractal networks have transport properties that differ from those of non-fractal networks. In non-fractal networks, transport flows primarily through the hubs. In fractal networks, the self-similar structure requires any transport to also flow through nodes that have only a few connections. We also study, in models and in real networks, the crossover from fractal to non-fractal networks that occurs when a small number of random interactions are added by means of scaling techniques. In the second chapter we use k-core techniques to study dynamic processes in networks. The k-core of a network is the network's largest component that, within itself, exhibits all nodes with at least k connections. We use this k-core analysis to estimate the relative leadership positions of firms in the Life Science (LS) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sectors of industry. We study the differences in the k-core structure between the LS and the ICT sectors. We find that the lead segment (highest k-core) of the LS sector, unlike that of the ICT sector, is remarkably stable over time: once a particular firm enters the lead segment, it is likely to remain there for many years. In the third chapter we study how

Specifying Orchestrating Capability in Network Organization and Interfirm Innovation Networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hu, Yimei; Sørensen, Olav Jull

-tech industry. Besides interfirm networks, some organizational researchers are interested in the internal network organizational design. Prospector firms putting innovation on top of the agenda usually has a network organization which is more flexible. This paper analyzes how an SME from a traditional industry...

Network performance of a wireless sensor network for temperature monitoring in vineyards

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Liscano, Ramiro; Jacoub, John Khalil; Dersingh, Anand

2011-01-01

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are an emerging technology which can be used for outdoor environmental monitoring. This paper presents challenges that arose from the development and deployment of a WSN for environmental monitoring as well as network performance analysis of this network. Different...... components in our sensor network architecture are presented like the physical nodes, the sensor node code, and two messaging protocols; one for collecting sensor and network values and the other for sensor node commands. An information model for sensor nodes to support plug-and-play capabilities in sensor...... networks is also presented....

Influence of choice of null network on small-world parameters of structural correlation networks.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S M Hadi Hosseini

Full Text Available In recent years, coordinated variations in brain morphology (e.g., volume, thickness have been employed as a measure of structural association between brain regions to infer large-scale structural correlation networks. Recent evidence suggests that brain networks constructed in this manner are inherently more clustered than random networks of the same size and degree. Thus, null networks constructed by randomizing topology are not a good choice for benchmarking small-world parameters of these networks. In the present report, we investigated the influence of choice of null networks on small-world parameters of gray matter correlation networks in healthy individuals and survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Three types of null networks were studied: 1 networks constructed by topology randomization (TOP, 2 networks matched to the distributional properties of the observed covariance matrix (HQS, and 3 networks generated from correlation of randomized input data (COR. The results revealed that the choice of null network not only influences the estimated small-world parameters, it also influences the results of between-group differences in small-world parameters. In addition, at higher network densities, the choice of null network influences the direction of group differences in network measures. Our data suggest that the choice of null network is quite crucial for interpretation of group differences in small-world parameters of structural correlation networks. We argue that none of the available null models is perfect for estimation of small-world parameters for correlation networks and the relative strengths and weaknesses of the selected model should be carefully considered with respect to obtained network measures.

Influence of Choice of Null Network on Small-World Parameters of Structural Correlation Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Hosseini, S. M. Hadi; Kesler, Shelli R.

2013-01-01

In recent years, coordinated variations in brain morphology (e.g., volume, thickness) have been employed as a measure of structural association between brain regions to infer large-scale structural correlation networks. Recent evidence suggests that brain networks constructed in this manner are inherently more clustered than random networks of the same size and degree. Thus, null networks constructed by randomizing topology are not a good choice for benchmarking small-world parameters of these networks. In the present report, we investigated the influence of choice of null networks on small-world parameters of gray matter correlation networks in healthy individuals and survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Three types of null networks were studied: 1) networks constructed by topology randomization (TOP), 2) networks matched to the distributional properties of the observed covariance matrix (HQS), and 3) networks generated from correlation of randomized input data (COR). The results revealed that the choice of null network not only influences the estimated small-world parameters, it also influences the results of between-group differences in small-world parameters. In addition, at higher network densities, the choice of null network influences the direction of group differences in network measures. Our data suggest that the choice of null network is quite crucial for interpretation of group differences in small-world parameters of structural correlation networks. We argue that none of the available null models is perfect for estimation of small-world parameters for correlation networks and the relative strengths and weaknesses of the selected model should be carefully considered with respect to obtained network measures. PMID:23840672

A method for identifying hierarchical sub-networks / modules and weighting network links based on their similarity in sub-network / module affiliation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

WenJun Zhang

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Some networks, including biological networks, consist of hierarchical sub-networks / modules. Based on my previous study, in present study a method for both identifying hierarchical sub-networks / modules and weighting network links is proposed. It is based on the cluster analysis in which between-node similarity in sets of adjacency nodes is used. Two matrices, linkWeightMat and linkClusterIDs, are achieved by using the algorithm. Two links with both the same weight in linkWeightMat and the same cluster ID in linkClusterIDs belong to the same sub-network / module. Two links with the same weight in linkWeightMat but different cluster IDs in linkClusterIDs belong to two sub-networks / modules at the same hirarchical level. However, a link with an unique cluster ID in linkClusterIDs does not belong to any sub-networks / modules. A sub-network / module of the greater weight is the more connected sub-network / modules. Matlab codes of the algorithm are presented.

Distance metric learning for complex networks: Towards size-independent comparison of network structures

Science.gov (United States)

Aliakbary, Sadegh; Motallebi, Sadegh; Rashidian, Sina; Habibi, Jafar; Movaghar, Ali

2015-02-01

Real networks show nontrivial topological properties such as community structure and long-tail degree distribution. Moreover, many network analysis applications are based on topological comparison of complex networks. Classification and clustering of networks, model selection, and anomaly detection are just some applications of network comparison. In these applications, an effective similarity metric is needed which, given two complex networks of possibly different sizes, evaluates the amount of similarity between the structural features of the two networks. Traditional graph comparison approaches, such as isomorphism-based methods, are not only too time consuming but also inappropriate to compare networks with different sizes. In this paper, we propose an intelligent method based on the genetic algorithms for integrating, selecting, and weighting the network features in order to develop an effective similarity measure for complex networks. The proposed similarity metric outperforms state of the art methods with respect to different evaluation criteria.

Cluster-based single-sink wireless sensor networks and passive optical network converged network incorporating sideband modulation schemes

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Love; Sharma, Vishal; Singh, Amarpal

2018-02-01

Wireless sensor networks have tremendous applications, such as civil, military, and environmental monitoring. In most of the applications, sensor data are required to be propagated over the internet/core networks, which result in backhaul setback. Subsequently, there is a necessity to backhaul the sensed information of such networks together with prolonging of the transmission link. Passive optical network (PON) is next-generation access technology emerging as a potential candidate for convergence of the sensed data to the core system. Earlier, the work with single-optical line terminal-PON was demonstrated and investigated merely analytically. This work is an attempt to demonstrate a practical model of a bidirectional single-sink wireless sensor network-PON converged network in which the collected data from cluster heads are transmitted over PON networks. Further, modeled converged structure has been investigated under the influence of double, single, and tandem sideband modulation schemes incorporating a corresponding phase-delay to the sensor data entities that have been overlooked in the past. The outcome illustrates the successful fusion of the sensor data entities over PON with acceptable bit error rate and signal to noise ratio serving as a potential development in the sphere of such converged networks. It has also been revealed that the data entities treated with tandem side band modulation scheme help in improving the performance of the converged structure. Additionally, analysis for uplink transmission reported with queue theory in terms of time cycle, average time delay, data packet generation, and bandwidth utilization. An analytical analysis of proposed converged network shows that average time delay for data packet transmission is less as compared with time cycle delay.

Do-it-yourself networks: a novel method of generating weighted networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Shanafelt, D W; Salau, K R; Baggio, J A

2017-11-01

Network theory is finding applications in the life and social sciences for ecology, epidemiology, finance and social-ecological systems. While there are methods to generate specific types of networks, the broad literature is focused on generating unweighted networks. In this paper, we present a framework for generating weighted networks that satisfy user-defined criteria. Each criterion hierarchically defines a feature of the network and, in doing so, complements existing algorithms in the literature. We use a general example of ecological species dispersal to illustrate the method and provide open-source code for academic purposes.

Information theoretic description of networks

Science.gov (United States)

Wilhelm, Thomas; Hollunder, Jens

2007-11-01

We present a new information theoretic approach for network characterizations. It is developed to describe the general type of networks with n nodes and L directed and weighted links, i.e., it also works for the simpler undirected and unweighted networks. The new information theoretic measures for network characterizations are based on a transmitter-receiver analogy of effluxes and influxes. Based on these measures, we classify networks as either complex or non-complex and as either democracy or dictatorship networks. Directed networks, in particular, are furthermore classified as either information spreading and information collecting networks. The complexity classification is based on the information theoretic network complexity measure medium articulation (MA). It is proven that special networks with a medium number of links ( L∼n1.5) show the theoretical maximum complexity MA=(log n)2/2. A network is complex if its MA is larger than the average MA of appropriately randomized networks: MA>MAr. A network is of the democracy type if its redundancy Rdictatorship network. In democracy networks all nodes are, on average, of similar importance, whereas in dictatorship networks some nodes play distinguished roles in network functioning. In other words, democracy networks are characterized by cycling of information (or mass, or energy), while in dictatorship networks there is a straight through-flow from sources to sinks. The classification of directed networks into information spreading and information collecting networks is based on the conditional entropies of the considered networks ( H(A/B)=uncertainty of sender node if receiver node is known, H(B/A)=uncertainty of receiver node if sender node is known): if H(A/B)>H(B/A), it is an information collecting network, otherwise an information spreading network. Finally, different real networks (directed and undirected, weighted and unweighted) are classified according to our general scheme.

Better sales networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Ustüner, Tuba; Godes, David

2006-01-01

Anyone in sales will tell you that social networks are critical. The more contacts you have, the more leads you'll generate, and, ultimately, the more sales you'll make. But that's a vast oversimplification. Different configurations of networks produce different results, and the salesperson who develops a nuanced understanding of social networks will outshine competitors. The salesperson's job changes over the course of the selling process. Different abilities are required in each stage of the sale: identifying prospects, gaining buy-in from potential customers, creating solutions, and closing the deal. Success in the first stage, for instance, depends on the salesperson acquiring precise and timely information about opportunities from contacts in the marketplace. Closing the deal requires the salesperson to mobilize contacts from prior sales to act as references. Managers often view sales networks only in terms of direct contacts. But someone who knows lots of people doesn't necessarily have an effective network because networks often pay off most handsomely through indirect contacts. Moreover, the density of the connections in a network is important. Do a salesperson's contacts know all the same people, or are their associates widely dispersed? Sparse networks are better, for example, at generating unique information. Managers can use three levers--sales force structure, compensation, and skills development--to encourage salespeople to adopt a network-based view and make the best possible use of social webs. For example, the sales force can be restructured to decouple lead generation from other tasks because some people are very good at building diverse ties but not so good at maintaining other kinds of networks. Companies that take steps of this kind to help their sales teams build better networks will reap tremendous advantages.

Unraveling spurious properties of interaction networks with tailored random networks.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stephan Bialonski

Full Text Available We investigate interaction networks that we derive from multivariate time series with methods frequently employed in diverse scientific fields such as biology, quantitative finance, physics, earth and climate sciences, and the neurosciences. Mimicking experimental situations, we generate time series with finite length and varying frequency content but from independent stochastic processes. Using the correlation coefficient and the maximum cross-correlation, we estimate interdependencies between these time series. With clustering coefficient and average shortest path length, we observe unweighted interaction networks, derived via thresholding the values of interdependence, to possess non-trivial topologies as compared to Erdös-Rényi networks, which would indicate small-world characteristics. These topologies reflect the mostly unavoidable finiteness of the data, which limits the reliability of typically used estimators of signal interdependence. We propose random networks that are tailored to the way interaction networks are derived from empirical data. Through an exemplary investigation of multichannel electroencephalographic recordings of epileptic seizures--known for their complex spatial and temporal dynamics--we show that such random networks help to distinguish network properties of interdependence structures related to seizure dynamics from those spuriously induced by the applied methods of analysis.

Bayesian Network Webserver: a comprehensive tool for biological network modeling.

Science.gov (United States)

Ziebarth, Jesse D; Bhattacharya, Anindya; Cui, Yan

2013-11-01

The Bayesian Network Webserver (BNW) is a platform for comprehensive network modeling of systems genetics and other biological datasets. It allows users to quickly and seamlessly upload a dataset, learn the structure of the network model that best explains the data and use the model to understand relationships between network variables. Many datasets, including those used to create genetic network models, contain both discrete (e.g. genotype) and continuous (e.g. gene expression traits) variables, and BNW allows for modeling hybrid datasets. Users of BNW can incorporate prior knowledge during structure learning through an easy-to-use structural constraint interface. After structure learning, users are immediately presented with an interactive network model, which can be used to make testable hypotheses about network relationships. BNW, including a downloadable structure learning package, is available at http://compbio.uthsc.edu/BNW. (The BNW interface for adding structural constraints uses HTML5 features that are not supported by current version of Internet Explorer. We suggest using other browsers (e.g. Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox) when accessing BNW). ycui2@uthsc.edu. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Proliferation Networks and Financing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gruselle, Bruno

2007-01-01

The objective of this study is to propose practical solutions aimed at completing and strengthening the existing arrangement for the control of nuclear proliferation through a control of financial as well as material or immaterial flows. In a first part, the author proposes a systemic analysis of networks of suppliers and demanders. He notably evokes the Khan's network and the Iraqi acquisition network during the 1993-2001 period. He also proposes a modelling of proliferation networks (supplier networks and acquisition networks) and of their interactions. In a second part, the author examines possible means and policies aimed at neutralising proliferation networks: organisation, adaptation and improvement of intelligence tools in front of proliferation networks, and means, limitations and perspectives of network neutralisation. He also briefly addresses the possibility of military action to contain proliferation flows

The correlation of metrics in complex networks with applications in functional brain networks

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Li, C.; Wang, H.; De Haan, W.; Stam, C.J.; Van Mieghem, P.F.A.

2011-01-01

An increasing number of network metrics have been applied in network analysis. If metric relations were known better, we could more effectively characterize networks by a small set of metrics to discover the association between network properties/metrics and network functioning. In this paper, we

Real-time network traffic classification technique for wireless local area networks based on compressed sensing

Science.gov (United States)

Balouchestani, Mohammadreza

2017-05-01

Network traffic or data traffic in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is the amount of network packets moving across a wireless network from each wireless node to another wireless node, which provide the load of sampling in a wireless network. WLAN's Network traffic is the main component for network traffic measurement, network traffic control and simulation. Traffic classification technique is an essential tool for improving the Quality of Service (QoS) in different wireless networks in the complex applications such as local area networks, wireless local area networks, wireless personal area networks, wireless metropolitan area networks, and wide area networks. Network traffic classification is also an essential component in the products for QoS control in different wireless network systems and applications. Classifying network traffic in a WLAN allows to see what kinds of traffic we have in each part of the network, organize the various kinds of network traffic in each path into different classes in each path, and generate network traffic matrix in order to Identify and organize network traffic which is an important key for improving the QoS feature. To achieve effective network traffic classification, Real-time Network Traffic Classification (RNTC) algorithm for WLANs based on Compressed Sensing (CS) is presented in this paper. The fundamental goal of this algorithm is to solve difficult wireless network management problems. The proposed architecture allows reducing False Detection Rate (FDR) to 25% and Packet Delay (PD) to 15 %. The proposed architecture is also increased 10 % accuracy of wireless transmission, which provides a good background for establishing high quality wireless local area networks.

The Economics of Networking

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, Olav Jull

The literature on business networks is often oversocialized. The economic side of business is implicitly assumed. This paper analyses the economics of network behavior by loking at each of the key concepts in the Network Theory.......The literature on business networks is often oversocialized. The economic side of business is implicitly assumed. This paper analyses the economics of network behavior by loking at each of the key concepts in the Network Theory....

Software Defined Networking

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Caba, Cosmin Marius