Sewage biogas conversion into electricity; Conversao do biogas de tratamento de esgoto em eletricidade

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coelho, Suani Teixeira; Velazquez, Silvia Maria Stortini Gonzalez; Martins, Osvaldo Stella; Abreu, Fernando Castro de [Universidade de Sao Paulo (CENBIO/IEE/USP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Eletrotecnica e Energia. Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa], e-mails: suani@iee.usp.br, sgvelaz@iee.usp.br, omartins@iee.usp.br, fcabreu@iee.usp.br

2006-07-01

This article intend to present some considerations directed to electricity generation with small systems (micro turbine and conventional engines ), using biogas generated by sewage treatment process in SABESP (Basic Sanitation Company of Sao Paulo State), located at Barueri, Brazil. This project, pioneer in Latin America, is being accomplished together with BUN - Biomass Users Network of Brazil (proponent), in association with CENBIO - Biomass Reference National Center (executer), with patronage of FINEP / CT-ENERG (financial backer), by means of Convention no: 23.01.0653.00, regarding to ENERG BIOG Project - 'Installation and Tests of an Electric Energy Generation Demonstration Unit from Biogas Sewage Treatment'. The study is being done at Barueri Sewage Treatment Plant. This plant operate with anaerobic digestion process, which has as mainly products biogas (composed mainly by methane) and sludge. Part of the methane produced at the anaerobic process is burnt in a boiler being used to increase digesters temperature. The rest of the methane is burnt in flare to reduce the impacts caused by gases emissions. This article presents some technical, financial and environmental project results, related to the exploitation of sewer biogas for power generation, as well as bigger details about generation systems (biogas micro turbine), used in the facility. (author)

Legal issues relating to the feed-in of biogas under the Gas Network Access Ordinance; Rechtsfragen der Biogaseinspeisung nach der GasNZV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stappert, Holger; Johannsen, Sven Leif Erik [Luther Rechtsanwaltsgesellschaft mbH, Duesseldorf (Germany)

2012-07-01

In the authors' view, the legislature has set itself ambitious goals in regulating the feed-in of biogas into the natural gas grid. Aside from the economic considerations that are leading investors to prefer other investment opportunities there are also a number of unresolved technical issues relating to the feed-in of biogas. Furthermore, network operators find themselves confronted with considerable legal uncertainty as they process grid connection applications, i.e. in the time interval from application submission until contract conclusion. In spite of being allowed only 3 months for processing connection applications, grid operators are required to bind themselves to a high degree in approving an application. This is a particular cause of difficulty given the as yet unresolved technical problems and is accordingly subject to controversy. In those difficult cases where it not possible to guarantee year-round feed-in of biogas into the grid because of unavailability of deodorant plants that would be needed for the ability to backfeed biogas into upstream grids, resolution would often nevertheless be possible if it was clearly indicated that use of a ''bypass solution'' as a means of ensuring overall cost-effectiveness would be accepted as a capacity-enhancing measure for purposes of cost allocation. This would provide grid operators a way of reliably circumventing the technical difficulties associated with deodorisation, enabling them to connect biogas production plants to the grid without having to deal with these technical issues which still await their final resolution. Under the law currently in force there is no legal impediment, subject to the specifics of the individual case, to accepting a bypass solution as a capacity enhancing measure. It would help grid operators in obtaining legal certainty, and ultimately promote investment in biogas projects, if the legislature were to clarify these issues in the Gas Network Access Ordinance.

Performance optimization of the Växtkraft biogas production plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thorin, Eva; Lindmark, Johan; Nordlander, Eva; Odlare, Monica; Dahlquist, Erik; Kastensson, Jan; Leksell, Niklas; Pettersson, Carl-Magnus

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Pre-treatment of ley crop can increase the biogas plant performance. ► Membrane filtration can increase the capacity of the biogas plant. ► Mechanical pre-treatment of the ley crop shows the highest energy efficiency. ► Using a distributor to spread the residues as fertilizer show promising results. -- Abstract: All over the world there is a strong interest and also potential for biogas production from organic residues as well as from different crops. However, to be commercially competitive with other types of fuels, efficiency improvements of the biogas production process are needed. In this paper, results of improvements studies done on a full scale co-digestion plant are presented. In the plant organic wastes from households and restaurants are mixed and digested with crops from pasture land. The areas for improvement of the plant addressed in this paper are treatment of the feed material to enhance the digestion rate, limitation of the ballast of organics in the water stream recirculated in the process, and use of the biogas plant residues at farms. Results from previous studies on pre-treatment and membrane filtration of recirculated process water are combined for an estimation of the total improvement potential. Further, the possibility of using neural networks to predict biogas production using historical data from the full-scale biogas plant was investigated. Results from an investigation using the process residues as fertilizer are also presented. The results indicate a potential to increase the biogas yield from the process with up to over 30% with pre-treatment of the feed and including membrane filtration in the process. Neural networks have the potential to be used for prediction of biogas production. Further, it is shown that the residues from biogas production can be used as fertilizers but that the emission of N 2 O from the fertilized soil is dependent on the soil type and spreading technology.

Holdninger til Immigration

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Malchow-Møller, Nikolaj; Roland Munch, Jakob; Schroll, Sanne

2006-01-01

Denne artikel belyser holdninger til immigration blandt borgere i Danmark og de øvrige EU-15 lande - herunder holdningerne til immigration, der følger af den seneste EU-udvidelse. Det analyseres, hvilke faktorer der ligger til frund for disse holdninger, samt i hvilken udstrækning danskere afviger...... fra EU-gennemsnittet. Den typiske dansker er lidt mere skeptisk overfor immigration end andre europæere. Danskerne afskiller sig desuden ved, at forholdsvis få forbinder øget immigration med negative konsekvenser for arbejdsmarkedet, men forholdsvis mange forbinder det med højere omkostninger...... for velfærdsstaten. Når der tages hensyn til opfattelserne af de økonomiske konsekvenser af immigration, kommer Danmark til at fremstå som et væsentligt mere immigrationsskeptisk land, end hvad der kommer til udtryk i de ukorrigerede holdninger....

Holdninger til immigration

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Malchow-Møller, Nikolaj; Munch, Jakob Roland; Schroll, Sanne

Denne artikel belyser holdninger til immigration blandt borgere i Danmark og de øvrige EU-15 lande - herunder holdningerne til immigration, der følger af den seneste EU-udvidelse. Det analyseres, hvilke faktorer der ligger til frund for disse holdninger, samt i hvilken udstrækning danskere afviger...... fra EU-gennemsnittet. Den typiske dansker er lidt mere skeptisk overfor immigration end andre europæere. Danskerne afskiller sig desuden ved, at forholdsvis få forbinder øget immigration med negative konsekvenser for arbejdsmarkedet, men forholdsvis mange forbinder det med højere omkostninger...... for velfærdsstaten. Når der tages hensyn til opfattelserne af de økonomiske konsekvenser af immigration, kommer Danmark til at fremstå som et væsentligt mere immigrationsskeptisk land, end hvad der kommer til udtryk i de ukorrigerede holdninger...

The conversion of renewable biogas source into energy; A conversao da fonte renovavel biogas em energia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coelho, Suani Teixeira; Velazquez, Silvia Maria Stortini Gonzalez; Martins, Osvaldo Stella; Abreu, Fernando Castro de [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Eletrotecnica e Energia]|[Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (CENBIO), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mails: suani@iee.usp.br; sgvelaz@iee.sup.br; omartins@iee.usp.br; fcabreu@iee.usp.br

2006-07-01

This article intend to present some considerations directed to electricity generation with small systems (micro turbine and conventional engines ), using biogas generated by sewage treatment process in SABESP (Basic Sanitation Company of Sao Paulo State), located at Barueri, Brazil. This project, pioneer in Latin America, is being accomplished together with BUN - Biomass Users Network of Brazil (proponent), in association with CENBIO - Biomass Reference National Center (executer), with patronage of FINEP / CT-ENERG (financial backer), by means of Convention No: 23.01.0653.00, regarding to ENERG-BIOG Project - Installation and Tests of an Electric Energy Generation Demonstration Unit from Biogas Sewage Treatment. The study is being done at Barueri Sewage Treatment Plant.This plant operate with anaerobic digestion process, which has as mainly products biogas (composed mainly by methane) and sludge. Part of the methane produced at the anaerobic process is burnt in a boiler being used to increase digesters temperature. The rest of the methane is burnt in flare to reduce the impacts caused by gases emissions. This article presents some technical, financial and environmental project results, related to the exploitation of sewer biogas for power generation, as well as bigger details about generation systems (biogas micro turbine), used in the facility. (author)

Underdog or bulldog: introducing biogas technologies in Estonia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roose, Antti; Reinsoo, Kadri [University of Tartu, Department of Geography, Tartu (Estonia); Oja, Ahto [Monus Minek Ltd, Aeaesmaee (Estonia); Varzinskas, Visvaldas [Kaunas University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Kaunas (Lithuania)

2012-12-15

The production and use of biogas, along with corresponding sector-specific activities and technologies, is a relatively new subject in Estonia. This paper gives an instructive overview of main barriers behind the development incentives, policy support and technological innovation in terms of emerging market for biogas. The article examines the complexity of market-related, political, technological and social obstacles for introduction biogas technologies. There is a major gap between resource potential, technological capacity and practice in Estonia. About 2 % of the theoretical potential of biogas is being used, totalling around 11 million Nm{sup 3}, based primarily on landfill biogas. First, political setting for biogas innovation is still vague, however, consolidated and enhanced since 2010 to compete with other renewables and mainstream energy technologies. The article underlines the statement that the reason why Estonian biogas production has not followed the path of growth and technology transfer is the low renewable electricity feed-in tariff. However, there are many other legal and engineering factors that have held back biogas applications and sector development in general. Stakeholders have established the Estonian Biogas Association, increasing sector's visibility, targeted lobby to support policy-making, technological and social innovation and professional networking. Though getting the biogas sector to succeed demands a comprehensive approach and involvement of more actors in demand side including local leaders and consumers, both enthusiasm and scepticism should be informed by a sound understanding of framework conditions and complexities for path-breaking transformations in energy systems. To promote biogas production, profitable and technologically feasible showcases should demonstrate benefits and issues to the target group and stakeholders. Instead agricultural and CHP development mode, the priority of using biogas in Estonia could be seen as

Analysis of biogas transformation in experimental biogas plant

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eva Jelínková

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The topic of this paper is the analysis of anaerobic fermentation in an experimental biogas plant. Technological processes and operation parameters were monitored; these processes and parameters include, for example, the optimal structure of the input material and the consideration of the prolonging of the duration of the fermentation process. The goal of prolonging the fermentation process is to obtain higher biogas (and methane production and to decrease the fermentation residue effluvial emissions. Emphasis is also laid on the mutual co-fermentation of substrates with regard to further use of the results in solving technological problems in other biogas plants. This technological process was first monitored in 2009; that is, before the planned intensification and modernization of the experimental biogas plant. Thus, the evaluation of the process could become part of the planned intensification and modernization of the chosen biogas plant (extended by the addition of the second stage of methanogenesis. The results obtained from the experimental biogas plant, which is one of the pioneering biogas plants in the Czech Republic, may serve, to other biogas operators, as a base for the preparation of suitable input, and for improving the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation within their biogas plants. The goal of the improvement of the fermentation process is to fulfill the ecological aspects; that is, to cut down CO2 emissions and to reduce the negative impact of the fermentation process on the environment (reduction of effluvium and noise originating in biogas plants.

Biogas barometer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2014-01-01

The energy recovery of biogas has kept on increasing in the European Union in 2013: +10.2%. Almost 13.4 million tep (tonnes of oil equivalent) of biogas primary energy was produced but the growth of the biogas sector is decreasing (it was 16.9% between 2011 and 2012). The growth for the coming years is expected to fall further because of political decisions in some countries to limit the use of land for farming purposes and to manage the biogas sector more efficiently. Germany ranks first for the production of biogas primary energy with 6717 ktep followed by United Kingdom with 1824 ktep. 2 tables give the production of electricity and heat from biogas in the E.U. member states in 2012 and 2013. The total production of electricity and heat from biogas in the E.U. in 2013 reached 53327 GWh and 432 ktep respectively. A list reviews the most significant companies working in Europe in the sector of methanation, 10 companies are listed among which 2 are Italian: AB Energy (Gruppo AB), BTS Italia and 8 are German: MT Energie, Envitec Biogas AG, Biogas Weser-Ems, Planet Biogastechnik, Schmack Biogas GmbH, Weltec Biopower GmbH, UTS Biogastechnik (Anaergia Group), Bioconstruct and BTS Italia. (A.C.)

På tur til engen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Achton, Ophelia

Bogen giver en generel vejledning til undervisningen, og en specifik vejledning til hver side i elevbogen. Her er blandt andet baggrundsviden til læreren, forslag til supplerende aktiviteter, samt 12 kopiark. Bagerst findes et 24 siders leksikon, som kan klippes ud, foldes i A5 og medbringes i en...... engen....

Biogas utilization: Experimental investigation on biogas flameless combustion in lab-scale furnace

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hosseini, Seyed Ehsan; Wahid, Mazlan Abdul

2013-01-01

Highlights: • High costs of biogas purification and low calorific value of biogas are the main obstacles of biogas utilization. • The energy of biogas can be extracted by flameless combustion without any modification in burner or combustion system. • The efficiency of biogas flameless combustion and conventional combustion were 53% and 32% respectively. • The temperature inside the biogas flameless chamber is uniform. • In biogas flameless combustion, NO x and CO 2 formation decrease drastically in comparison with traditional combustion. - Abstract: Biogas generated in the anaerobic digestion of biomass and organic wastes by micro-organisms can be applied for heating, transportation and power generation as a renewable energy source. However, low calorific value (LCV) of biogas is one the most important bottlenecks of biogas conversion into electrical or thermal energy. Indeed, the presence of corrosive gases such as H 2 S and water vapor in biogas components makes some dilemmas in biogas purification and utilization. In order to obtain the efficient biogas utilization method, different biogas resources, physical and chemical properties of biogas and biogas combustion characteristics should be considered. In this paper biogas was utilized in lab-scale flameless combustion furnace and the performance of flameless combustion chamber fueled by biogas has been presented. Results demonstrated that flameless combustion is one of the best feasible strategies for biogas utilization. Uniformity of temperature in the flameless furnace increases the durability of refractory and related equipment. Simplicity of the flameless burner, pollutant formation reduction and fuel consumption decreases are the main causes of biogas flameless combustion supremacy

Forundersøgelser til etablering af biogasanlæg i Bio-Energipark Tønder

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm-Nielsen, Jens Bo

. De sigter mod at belyse og afklare væsentlige forhold om biogasproduktionsanlægget vedrørende: (1) leverancegrundlag for husdyrgødning, biomasse m.v., (2) anlæggets opbygning og funktion, (3) afsætning af biogas og forarbejdet gødning/biomasse, (4) økonomiske forhold og organisatorisk ramme, (5...... informationssystem har skabt overblik over beliggenhed og størrelse af de potentielle leverandører af gylle til et kommende anlæg, og en række væsentlige forhold omkring transportafstand og alternative placeringsmuligheder er blevet belyst. Gennem interviews og dialog med områdets landmænd er det klarlagt...

Biogas in the agriculture. State of the art. Proceedings; Biogas in der Landwirtschaft. Stand und Perspektiven. Tagungsband

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2009-07-01

fermentation of renewable raw materials effect organic soil carbon? (Peter Dominik et al.); (20) Efficiency of composting of residues of fermentation (Helmut Doehler et al.); (21) Feeding biogas in the natural gas grid: actual market developments in the area of gas processing and line feeding (Wolfgang Urban); (22) Practical experiences in the substitution of natural gas by bio methane in Germany (Michael Beil); (23) Biogas plants - the technical view of the network access (Uwe Klaus, Andreas Schrader); (24) Optimized cultivation of energy plants for biogas plants (Christoph Strauss); (25) Deintegration procedure - Expenditure and utility for the generation of biogas (Bjoern Schwarz et al.); (26) Biogas substrate - Which exotics have the potential for the future? (Armin Vetter); (27) The step of hydrolyse in the fermentation of renewable raw materials - Does it enhance the efficiency? (Hans Oechsner et al.); (28) Quality silage for the production of biogas (Christiane Herrmann et al.); (29) Possibilities of the optimization of mixtures of raw materials (Thomas Amon); (30) Ignition jet cogeneration plant - State of the art and perspectives using the effective post power generation of waste gas (Wolfram Dreier, Kai Liesendahl); (31) Gas-fuelled spark ignition engine - state of the art and perspectives (Thomas Elsenbruch); (32) Power generation from biogas in a fuel cell (Peter Landgraf); (33) Micro gas turbine - state of the art (Tobias Panne, Axel Widenhorn); (34) Possibilities of the reduction of the energy demand of biogas plants (Andreas Lehner, Matthias Effenberger); (35) EEG conform utilization of waste heat of agricultural biogas plants (Wolfgang Schulz). Beside these lectures twenty six poster contributions were exhibited.

På tur til engen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Achton, Ophelia

På tur til er en indskolingsserie til natur/teknik-undervisningen med tilhørende vejledning. Seriens titler dækker tilsammen de væsentligste trinmål i Fælles Mål 2009 til 2. klasse. På tur til Engen behandler både ferskvands- og saltvandsengens specielle kårfaktorer og fortæller kort om de...... vigtigste planter og dyr, som findes i engen....

The biogas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rigaud, Ch.; Laffargue, C.; Zebboud, I.

2007-01-01

Mixed of methane and carbon dioxide the biogas can be produced by many sources for the heat or the electricity production and the fuel production. This document aims to better understand the biogas, its characteristics, its valorization, the plants concerned, the installations and the regulation. It provides also an example of a biogas power plant and the biogas use in the farms. (A.L.B.)

Estimation of biogas and methane yields in an UASB treating potato starch processing wastewater with backpropagation artificial neural network.

Science.gov (United States)

Antwi, Philip; Li, Jianzheng; Boadi, Portia Opoku; Meng, Jia; Shi, En; Deng, Kaiwen; Bondinuba, Francis Kwesi

2017-03-01

Three-layered feedforward backpropagation (BP) artificial neural networks (ANN) and multiple nonlinear regression (MnLR) models were developed to estimate biogas and methane yield in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating potato starch processing wastewater (PSPW). Anaerobic process parameters were optimized to identify their importance on methanation. pH, total chemical oxygen demand, ammonium, alkalinity, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, volatile fatty acids and hydraulic retention time selected based on principal component analysis were used as input variables, whiles biogas and methane yield were employed as target variables. Quasi-Newton method and conjugate gradient backpropagation algorithms were best among eleven training algorithms. Coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of the BP-ANN reached 98.72% and 97.93% whiles MnLR model attained 93.9% and 91.08% for biogas and methane yield, respectively. Compared with the MnLR model, BP-ANN model demonstrated significant performance, suggesting possible control of the anaerobic digestion process with the BP-ANN model. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Udvikling af materialer til affaldsforbrænding – Nye materialer til overlagssvejsning

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tiedje, Niels Skat

Denne del af projektet havde til formål at udvikle en metode til hurtig benchmarking af nye legeringer til overlagssvejsning og at anvende metoden i kombination med termodynamisk modellering af mikrostrukturer i svejste Ni–baserede legeringer. På baggrund af disse analyser skulle der udvikles nye...

Musik til hjernen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ridder, Hanne Mette Ochsner

2002-01-01

Når evnen til at følge en samtale, til at forklare sig med ord og til at udføre almindelige praktiske ting i hverdagen gradvist forsvinder i en fremskridende demenssygdom, så kan der være behov for helt andre måder at være sammen på. Andre ting at foretage sig. Og her er det oplagt at bruge musik...

Special file: biogas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Signoret, Stephane; Mary, Olivier; Zebboudj, Idir; Mounissamy, Alice; Sandrin-Deforge, Armelle; Petitot, Pauline; De Santis, Audrey

2015-01-01

With some graphs indicating the number and types of existing and projected biogas production units, a first article outlines that the development rate is presently too low to be able to reach objectives defined for 2020. A second article comments the results of a benchmark study performed by the ADEME on the biogas sector status in European countries (a map indicates the levels of production and electricity purchase tariffs, the evolution of development conditions, and the types of financial support). In an interview, a GrDF manager in charge of strategy discusses the GrDF strategy on biomethane, the future management of gas networks, the operation of existing biomethane injection sites, future projects, the management of consumption variations, and the issue of biomethane injection tariff. An article then presents an experiment made by farmers in western France who gathered about a methanization site with a unit of injection of biomethane into the natural gas network. The assessment of another experiment (a Methanea methanization unit operated by two farmers in the Ain district) is then presented. The next article gives an overview of the various possibilities proposed by the legal framework for the contract between input providers and the methanization unit operator. Different assessment tools are then presented: Flash BMP (a fast and affordable method of measurement of the biochemical methane potential or BMP to perform feasibility studies), and a software for the precise assessment of the profitability of a methanization unit. In an interview, a member of Weltec Biopower proposes a brief overview of services and products proposed by this company which installs biogas and bio-methanization every where in the world. A last article addresses the recent evolutions and progress of certification of French digestates

biogas

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2015-01-01

Functions for working with biogas data. Both low- and high-level functions are included for carrying out common tasks for analysis of biogas and related data. Molar mass and calculated oxygen demand (COD') can be determined from a chemical formula. Measured gas volume can be corrected for water...... vapor and to (possibly user-defined) standard temperature and pressure. Gas composition, cumulative production, or other variables can be interpolated to a specified time. Cumulative biogas and methane production (and rates) can be calculated using volumetric, manometric, or gravimetric methods for any...... be summarized in several different ways (e.g., omitting normalization) using the same function. Lastly, biogas and methane production can be predicted from substrate composition and additional, optional data....

Basic data biogas Germany. Solid fuels, biofuels, biogas; Basisdaten Bioenergie Deutschland. Festbrennstoffe, Biokraftstoffe, Biogas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2011-09-15

The brochure ''Basic data biogas Germany'' gives statistical information about (a) renewable energies: primary energy consumption, power generation, energy supply, avoidance of greenhouse gases; (b) Solid fuels: energetic utilization, wood pellets, energy consumption, comparison to heating oil; (c) Biofuels: consumption, bioethanol, biodiesel, vegetable oils; (d) Biogas: biogas power plants, energy content, production, legal aspects.

Basic data biogas Germany. Solid fuels, biofuels, biogas; Basisdaten Bioenergie Deutschland. Festbrennstoffe - Biokraftstoffe - Biogas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2012-08-15

The brochure ''Basic data biogas Germany'' gives statistical information about (a) renewable energies: primary energy consumption, power generation, energy supply, avoidance of greenhouse gases; (b) Solid fuels: energetic utilization, wood pellets, energy consumption, comparison to heating oil; (c) Biofuels: consumption, bioethanol, biodiesel, vegetable oils; (d) Biogas: biogas power plants, energy content, production, legal aspects.

Biogas: the support arrangement is extended to hybrid valorization installations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2013-01-01

This document presents and contains three decrees which authorize the hybrid valorization of biogas, i.e. by production of electricity and of bio-methane which is injected in natural gas networks, in order to support the development of methanization. Prospect development, tariff and contract duration are briefly discussed. The decrees address the contracting conditions between bio-methane producers and natural gas providers, purchase conditions for the electricity produced by biogas installations, purchase conditions of bio-methane injected in natural gas networks. The document also contains the discussion the Commission of energy regulation about the first decree

Demonstration of Software Application Biogas Optimizer at the Haendeloe Biogas Site

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cook, Kristofer (Bioprocess Control Sweden AB, Lund (SE))

2008-04-15

There is a growing interest in the utilisation of process optimisation technologies within the biogas industry. This trend is being driven by new and growing market opportunities as well as an interest to improve the overall profitability of commercial biogas processes. Biogas Optimizer, developed by Bioprocess Control Sweden AB based in Lund, Sweden, represents one such process optimisation technology, utilising a supervisory and control approach to improve both biogas production efficiency and process stability. A demonstration project was conducted over a nine month period during 2007 at the Haendeloe biogas plant in Norrkoeping, Sweden, owned and operated by Svensk Biogas AB, to provide an indication of the potential of Biogas Optimizer to improve the competitiveness of biogas producers. The demonstration project attempted to satisfy 3 goals, namely; 1) to obtain baseline production information regarding the average Organic Loading Rate (OLR) and average Biogas Production Rate (BPR), 2) to demonstrate that the technology behind Biogas Optimizer works under full-scale production conditions, and 3) to verify that significant/notable production efficiency improvements can be achieved utilising Biogas Optimizer when compared to baseline production information, and that biogas production can be optimised for maximising the utilisation of reactor capacity while still leaving a comfortable safety margin so as to avoid reactor overloading. The collection of baseline production information during three months resulted in an average OLR of 4.0 Kg VS/m3/day and average BPR of 2.6 Nm3/m3/day being selected as baseline data from which to compare the performance of Biogas Optimizer. The full-scale demonstration of Biogas Optimizer was conducted over a 40 day period. During these 40 days, OLR recommendations from Biogas Optimizer, and the resulting manual adjustment of the OLR by the plant operator, resulted in an increase in the average OLR from 4.0 to 4.7 Kg/m3/day and

Biogas : fuel source for a renewable future

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buijk, J. [GE Energy, Toronto, ON (Canada)

2006-07-01

The current status of Ge Energy's Jenbacher gas engines was presented in terms of its product line, electrical output, thermal output and exhaust gases. The unique feature of the engine is that it can operate on natural gas, biogas, landfill or other gaseous fuels. The most important applications for this high efficiency gas engine include on-site power generation, cogeneration, tri-generation, and carbon dioxide fertilization in greenhouses. A map illustrating Canada wide sales and service networks was presented along with a review of opportunities to use biogas for electric power generation. Biogas can be generated from organic matter such as municipal organic waste, manure, yard waste, wood waste, expired food, slaughterhouse waste and energy crops. A graph depicting biogas yields of different feedstocks was presented. It was noted that biogas conversion through anaerobic digestion generates more energy from organic matter than any other technology, while recycling the nutrients. A schematic of a typical biomass anaerobic digestion process was illustrated. In 2005, Germany was among the leaders in biogas production, with 775 biogas utilization plants in operation, producing 550 MW of power. This presentation listed other leaders and highlighted some project examples of biomass conversion plants in Austria, Germany, and Alberta. The opportunities for Ontario were emphasized. Ontario has 5.6 million hectares of agricultural land. Based on the German example, the integrated use for production of food, feed and energy crops could generate 3,700 cubic metres of methane per hectare per year, enough for nearly 9,000 MW of electrical capacity. Biogas power plants with gas storage can operate as peaking plants. It was noted that energy plans should be value driven rather than cost driven, with the objective of reducing overall energy consumption, improving energy efficiency and initiating replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energy sources such as wind, water

Economic sustainability of biogas production from animal manure : a regional circular economy model

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Yazan, Devrim Murat; Cafagna, Davide; Fraccascia, Luca; Mes, Martijn; Pontrandolfo, Pierpaolo; Zijm, Henk

2018-01-01

Purpose: This paper aims to understand the implementation of a circular economic business where animal manure is used to produce biogas and alternative fertilizer in a regional network of manure suppliers and biogas producers and to reveal the impacts of five variables (manure quantity,

Biogas utilization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moser, M.A. [Resource Conservation Management, Inc., Berkeley, CA (United States)

1996-01-01

Options for successfully using biogas depend on project scale. Almost all biogas from anaerobic digesters must first go through a gas handling system that pressurizes, meters, and filters the biogas. Additional treatment, including hydrogen sulfide-mercaptan scrubbing, gas drying, and carbon dioxide removal may be necessary for specialized uses, but these are complex and expensive processes. Thus, they can be justified only for large-scale projects that require high-quality biogas. Small-scale projects (less than 65 cfm) generally use biogas (as produced) as a boiler fuel or for fueling internal combustion engine-generators to produce electricity. If engines or boilers are selected properly, there should be no need to remove hydrogen sulfide. Small-scale combustion turbines, steam turbines, and fuel cells are not used because of their technical complexity and high capital cost. Biogas cleanup to pipeline or transportation fuel specifications is very costly, and energy economics preclude this level of treatment.

CO{sub 2} separation from biogas with ceramic membranes; CO{sub 2}-Abtrennung aus Biogas mit keramischen Membranen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fassauer, Burkhardt; Richter, Hannes; Schwarz, Bjoern; Reger-Wagner, Norman; Kaemnitz, Susanne [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Keramische Technologien und Systeme IKTS, Dresden (Germany); Lubenau, Udo; Mothes, Raimund [DBI Gas- und Umwelttechnik GmbH, Leipzig (Germany)

2015-07-01

Biogas contains after the production of up to 55% CO{sub 2}. In order to use biogas as a fuel or to feed it into the natural gas network, it must be purified before. Adsorption and scrubbing processes are primarily used technically. Membrane processes offer the advantage of continuous operation and a simple modular and flexible system design, which imply relatively low investment costs and low energy needs. Moreover, membrane systems can be started up and shut down quickly without any problems. Ceramic membranes are characterised by high stability (thermal, chemical, mechanical) and very high flows in comparison to polymeric membranes. [German] Biogas enthaelt nach der Erzeugung bis zu 55 % CO{sub 2}. Um Biogas als Kraftstoff zu nutzen oder in das Erdgasnetz einspeisen zu koennen, muss es zuvor gereinigt werden. Technisch genutzt werden vor allem Adsorptions- und Waschverfahren. Membranverfahren bieten den Vorteil eines kontinuierlichen Betriebes sowie einer einfachen, modularen und flexiblen Anlagenkonzeption, die vergleichsweise niedrige Investitionskosten und einen geringen Energiebedarf bedeuten. Darueber hinaus koennen Membrananlagen schnell an- und abgefahren werden und voellig ohne Probleme abgeschaltet werden. Keramische Membranen zeichnen sich gegenueber Polymermembranen durch hohe Stabilitaet (thermisch, chemisch, mechanisch) und sehr hohe Fluesse aus.

Profile and Perceptions of Biogas as Automobile Fuel : A Study of Svensk Biogas

OpenAIRE

Larsson, Anneli

2008-01-01

From an environmental- and health perspective, biogas and other biomass-based fuels have several advantages; nevertheless the majority of motorists fill their cars with petroleum-based fuels. This thesis is designed to explore the profile of biogas in relation to its perceptions. It is a study concerning the communication between the biogas producing company Svensk Biogas and their biogas users and non biogas users. To obtain a thorough understanding of the profile and perceptions of biogas a...

Energy Production from Biogas: Competitiveness and Support Instruments in Latvia

Science.gov (United States)

Klāvs, G.; Kundziņa, A.; Kudrenickis, I.

2016-10-01

Use of renewable energy sources (RES) might be one of the key factors for the triple win-win: improving energy supply security, promoting local economic development, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The authors ex-post evaluate the impact of two main support instruments applied in 2010-2014 - the investment support (IS) and the feed-in tariff (FIT) - on the economic viability of small scale (up to 2MWel) biogas unit. The results indicate that the electricity production cost in biogas utility roughly corresponds to the historical FIT regarding electricity production using RES. However, if in addition to the FIT the IS is provided, the analysis shows that the practice of combining both the above-mentioned instruments is not optimal because too high total support (overcompensation) is provided for a biogas utility developer. In a long-term perspective, the latter gives wrong signals for investments in new technologies and also creates unequal competition in the RES electricity market. To provide optimal biogas utilisation, it is necessary to consider several options. Both on-site production of electricity and upgrading to biomethane for use in a low pressure gas distribution network are simulated by the cost estimation model. The authors' estimates show that upgrading for use in a gas distribution network should be particularly considered taking into account the already existing infrastructure and technologies. This option requires lower support compared to support for electricity production in small-scale biogas utilities.

Energy Production from Biogas: Competitiveness and Support Instruments in Latvia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Klāvs G.

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Use of renewable energy sources (RES might be one of the key factors for the triple win-win: improving energy supply security, promoting local economic development, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The authors ex-post evaluate the impact of two main support instruments applied in 2010-2014 – the investment support (IS and the feed-in tariff (FIT – on the economic viability of small scale (up to 2MWel biogas unit. The results indicate that the electricity production cost in biogas utility roughly corresponds to the historical FIT regarding electricity production using RES. However, if in addition to the FIT the IS is provided, the analysis shows that the practice of combining both the above-mentioned instruments is not optimal because too high total support (overcompensation is provided for a biogas utility developer. In a long-term perspective, the latter gives wrong signals for investments in new technologies and also creates unequal competition in the RES electricity market. To provide optimal biogas utilisation, it is necessary to consider several options. Both on-site production of electricity and upgrading to biomethane for use in a low pressure gas distribution network are simulated by the cost estimation model. The authors’ estimates show that upgrading for use in a gas distribution network should be particularly considered taking into account the already existing infrastructure and technologies. This option requires lower support compared to support for electricity production in small-scale biogas utilities.

EU Agro Biogas Project

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Amon, T.; Mayr, H.; Eder, M.; Hobbs, P.; Rao Ravella, S.; Roth, U.; Niebaum, A.; Doehler, H.; Weiland, P.; Abdoun, E.; Moser, A.; Lyson, M.; Heiermann, M.; Plöchl, M.; Budde, J.; Schattauer, A.; Suarez, T.; Möller, H.; Ward, A.; Hillen, F.; Sulima, P.; Oniszk-Polplawska, A.; Krampe, P.; Pastorek, Z.; Kara, J.; Mazancova, J.; Dooren, van H.J.C.; Wim, C.; Gioelli, F.; Balsari, P.

2009-01-01

EU-AGRO-BIOGAS is a European Biogas initiative to improve the yield of agricultural biogas plants in Europe, to optimise biogas technology and processes and to improve the efficiency in all parts of the production chain from feedstock to biogas utilisation. Leading European research institutions and

EU Agro Biogas Project

OpenAIRE

Amon, T.; Mayr, H.; Eder, M.; Hobbs, P.; Rao Ravella, S.; Roth, U.; Niebaum, A.; Doehler, H.; Weiland, P.; Abdoun, E.; Moser, A.; Lyson, M.; Heiermann, M.; Plöchl, M.; Budde, J.

2009-01-01

EU-AGRO-BIOGAS is a European Biogas initiative to improve the yield of agricultural biogas plants in Europe, to optimise biogas technology and processes and to improve the efficiency in all parts of the production chain from feedstock to biogas utilisation. Leading European research institutions and universities are cooperating with key industry partners in order to work towards sustainable biogas production in Europe. Fourteen partners from eight European countries are involved in the EU-AGR...

Fra Plan til Undervisning

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ingerslev, Gitte Holten; Svejgaard, Karin; Madsen, Anne-Grethe

Fra plan til undervisningspraksis ? en evaluering af fagligt samspil Resumé: Fra plan til undervisning er en rapport fra et evalueringsprojekt finansieret af undervisningsministeriets midler til udviklingsarbejde og forsøg på de gymnasiale uddannelser. Projektet er gennemført af et konsortium...... fremstilles i rapporten Fra plan til Undervisning som tre cases. Casene indeholder en del fællestræk, da skolernes arbejde med fagligt samspil udspringer af en række fælles erfaringer og træk ved undervisningskulturen på htx. Det gælder først og fremmest det forhold, at fagligt samspil knyttes sammen med de...

The future of biogas in Europe 1997

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Holm-Nielsen, J B [ed.

1997-08-01

The European Waste to Energy network is part of the ALTENER Programme 1997. The prime objectives of the network are the development and dissemination of strategies for promotion, implementation and commercial exploration of opportunities in energy from waste and biomass resources. During 1997 special attention is paid to energy conversion from municipal solid waste, biogas production from animal manure and organic waste, and wood residuals for energy production. (au)

Biogas from manure and waste residues; Biogas ur goedsel, avfall och restprodukter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2012-09-15

The consumption of fossil fuels must be reduced if we are to meet environmental and climate related goals and reduce the greenhouse effect. In contrast to fossil fuels, biogas is renewable and carbon dioxide neutral. Biogas is also the cleanest fuel on the market and has the potential to replace much of the fossil fuel used in Sweden. The residue produced after anaerobic digestion is a valuable fertilizer and soil conditioner. Organic wastes are recycled through the biogas process to become a resource. This creates a sustainable recycling of nutrients and energy between urban and rural areas, and between consumption and production. This handbook is intended as a source of information on biogas, targeting politicians and decision- and policy makers in local authorities, farmers and farmers' organisations, and indeed anyone with an interest in biogas in Sweden and abroad. The handbook starts with an introduction of biogas in Sweden today. In part two general information is given about biogas technologies, a description of the biogas process, from the use of substrates to the final distribution of biogas and organic residues, followed by short information about economic support and incentives. In the last part twelve Swedish biogas plants are described, which have been particularly successful, and which can therefore serve as models for the future. The plants are grouped into four different categories: codigestion plants, farm-based biogas plants, sewage treatment plants and industrial plants. Each case study is described as of March 2012. Production figures are given for 2011, unless otherwise stated.

Religion til Hverdag

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Dorthe Refslund

2006-01-01

Live rollespil er ikke religion men rollespillet bruges ofte hvor man ellers ville bruge religionens univers fx til mytologisering og ritualisering Udgivelsesdato: september......Live rollespil er ikke religion men rollespillet bruges ofte hvor man ellers ville bruge religionens univers fx til mytologisering og ritualisering Udgivelsesdato: september...

Basic Data on Biogas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2012-07-01

Renewable gases such as biogas and biomethane are considered as key energy carrier when the society is replacing fossil fuels with renewable alternatives. In Sweden, almost 80 % of the fossil fuels are used in the transport sector. Therefore, the focus in Sweden has been to use the produced biogas in this sector as vehicle gas. Basic Data on Biogas contains an overview of production, utilisation, climate effects etc. of biogas from a Swedish perspective. The purpose is to give an easy overview of the current situation in Sweden for politicians, decision makers and interested public. 1.4 TWh of biogas is produced annually in Sweden at approximately 230 facilities. The 135 wastewater treatment plants that produce biogas contribute with around half of the production. In order to reduce the sludge volume, biogas has been produced at wastewater treatment plants for decades. New biogas plants are mainly co-digestion plants and farm plants. The land filling of organic waste has been banned since 2005, thus the biogas produced in landfills is decreasing.

Biogas engine performance estimation using ANN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yusuf Kurtgoz

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Artificial neural network (ANN method was used to estimate the thermal efficiency (TE, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC and volumetric efficiency (VE values of a biogas engine with spark ignition at different methane (CH4 ratios and engine load values. For this purpose, the biogas used in the biogas engine was produced by the anaerobic fermentation method from bovine manure and different CH4 contents (51%, 57%, 87% were obtained by purification of CO2 and H2S. The data used in the ANN models were obtained experimentally from a 4-stroke four-cylinder, spark ignition engine, at constant speed for different load and CH4 ratios. Using some of the obtained experimental data, ANN models were developed, and the rest was used to test the developed models. In the ANN models, the CH4 ratio of the fuel, engine load, inlet air temperature (Tin, air fuel ratio and the maximum cylinder pressure are chosen as the input parameters. TE, BSFC and VE are used as the output parameters. Root mean square error (RMSE, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE and correlation coefficient (R performance indicators are used to compare measured and predicted values. It has been shown that ANN models give good results in spark ignition biogas engines with high correlation and low error rates for TE, BSFC and VE values.

Inflammable gax mixtures in biogas facilities; Entzuendbare Gasgemische in Biogasanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schroeder, Volkmar; Pahl, Robert [Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin (Germany). Fachbereich 2.1 ' Gase, Gasanlagen'

2013-09-15

The number of the biogas facilities in Germany has strongly increased with the extension of regenerative energy. In the facilities by decomposition of organic matter inflammable biogas is obtained, which strongly fluctuates in its composition. The main components of biogas are methane and carbon dioxide, but also depending on the process-level water vapor, nitrogen,oxygen, and impurities, which may partly be toxic. In addition it is begun to work up biogas in larger facilities in order to feed it directly in the natural-gas network. In the development are currently also coupled biogas and electrolysis facilities. By means of the electrolysis of water also surpluses of electrical energy from wind and solar facilities can be processed to hydrogen (power-to-gas technology). In order to make reliable data for the explosion protection in the handling with the gas mixtures present in the facilities available, the BAM has in the last years measured explosion ranges of mixtures of methane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, air, and oxygen in accordance with the standard EN 1839 and made available as key data. By means of these data the explosion ability of the gas mixtures in biogas facilities can be reliably estimated. On this base corresponding explosion-protection actions can be taken.

Energiforbrug til ventilation på operationsstuer

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Lin; Rosenbeck, Katrine; Toftum, Jørn

2016-01-01

Der stilles høje krav til indeklimaet på operationsstuer, både i forhold til hygiejne og termiske forhold. Dette stiller samtidig krav til de tekniske installationer og kan medføre et højt energiforbrug til drift af operationsstuerne. En af de mest energiforbrugende installationer er ventilatione...

Future European biogas

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Meyer, A. K.P.; Ehimen, E. A.; Holm-Nielsen, J. B.

2018-01-01

Biogas is expected to play an important role in reaching the future energy policy targets of the European Union (EU). The sustainability of biogas substrates has however been recently critically discussed due to the increasing shares of agricultural land used for energy crop production.The aim...... of this study was to project and map the biomass and biogas energy potential from a selection of potentially sustainable agricultural residues, which have been documented to improve in biogas yields when co-digested in biogas production, for the EU28 in year 2030. The investigated types of residual biomasses...... were animal manure, straw by-products from cereal production, and excess grass from rotational and permanent grasslands and meadows. The biogas energy potential from the investigated biomass was projected to range from 1.2·103 to 2.3·103 PJ y-1 in year 2030 in the EU28, depending on the biomass...

CO2 separation from biogas with ceramic membranes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fassauer, Burkhardt; Richter, Hannes; Schwarz, Bjoern; Reger-Wagner, Norman; Kaemnitz, Susanne; Lubenau, Udo; Mothes, Raimund

2015-01-01

Biogas contains after the production of up to 55% CO 2 . In order to use biogas as a fuel or to feed it into the natural gas network, it must be purified before. Adsorption and scrubbing processes are primarily used technically. Membrane processes offer the advantage of continuous operation and a simple modular and flexible system design, which imply relatively low investment costs and low energy needs. Moreover, membrane systems can be started up and shut down quickly without any problems. Ceramic membranes are characterised by high stability (thermal, chemical, mechanical) and very high flows in comparison to polymeric membranes. [de

Use of biogas generated from swine manure as preliminary agent in the feasibility construction of natural gas networks; Utilizacao do biogas gerado a partir de dejetos suinos como agente preliminar na viabilizacao da construcao de redes de gas natural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Machado, Antonio Rogerio; Ferraz, Andre; Rocha, Ivan; Azevedo, Jorge; Oshiro, Hugo K.; Konishi, Ricardo; Piazza, Walter; Lehmkuhl, Willian [Companhia de Gas de Santa Catarina (SCGAS), Florianopolis, SC (Brazil)

2011-12-21

Santa Catarina state has over 800 km of natural gas distributed along the coast line, however, has an area of 95.700 km{sup 2}. Due to mountainous relief, constructing pipeline that will supply natural gas to remote areas will prove difficult. Supplying gas to remote areas through biogas from pig manure is a feasible alternative to building a gas pipeline to these regions. Using data from the IBGE and by aid of computer programs it was found that Santa Catarina has a potential to generate biogas from 900.000 m{sup 3}/day which are located predominantly in the western region of state. Thus, through the provision of biogas in this region a market that uses natural gas as an energy source can stimulate. As result the pay-back time and the feasibility risk of a network gas project can be reduced. It was found that only in the west there is an energy potential to be shifted to natural gas equivalent of 389.583 m{sup 3}/day and as expected output is estimated to reach 16.728 m{sup 3}/day. This helps anticipate the building of a natural gas network that links the coast with outskirts of the state, while the environmental impact of swine as methane emissions and waste are reduced. (author)

Utilization of biogas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walsh, J L; Ross, C C; Smith, M S; Harper, S R [Georgia Tech Research Corp., Atlanta, GA (USA)

1989-01-01

A comprehensive study of the systems and equipment required to convert biogas into useful thermal and/or electrical energy was conducted, and the results published in the Handbook on Biogas Utilization (Walsh et al., Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 1988). The physical, chemical and combustion characteristics of biogas, and the impact of these characteristics on both new and modified combustion equipment, were considered. The study also included consideration of auxiliary equipment for biogas collection, clean-up, compression and storage. (author).

Introduktion til klassisk sociologi

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dupont, Søren

Papiret introducerer til en række klassiske sociologer: Comte, Spencer, Weber, Durkheim og Habermas......Papiret introducerer til en række klassiske sociologer: Comte, Spencer, Weber, Durkheim og Habermas...

Appraisal of biogas potential of biogas from animal dung in saeedabad, pakistan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shah, A.A.; Sahito, A.R.

2017-01-01

Pakistan is facing energy scarcity. The biogas is one of the renewable substitutes. It does not only overcome the energy scarcity but also harness the energy from animal dung which causes the CO/sub 2/ emissions. The present study was done on the appraisal of potential of biogas from the dung of animals (Buffaloes, Cows, Goats and Sheep) within the villages surrounded by Taluka Saeedabad. The purpose of the study was the energy potential of the biogas and the selection of the most suitable design and size of the biogas plant for the villagers. The present study also includes the domestic biogas plant economics. As per the estimation, total quantity of animal dung generated was about 129 tons/day, which can produce 3859 m/sup 3/ of biogas per day. On the contrary, for cooking villagers require only 2748 m3 of biogas per day. Moreover, the surplus biogas of 1111 m/sup 3/ per day can be used to produce electricity of 6666 kWh per day, which can fulfill the demand of about half of the population of villages under study. People are using firewood, cotton stalks, kerosene oil and LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) for cooking. Converting animal dung into the biogas not only reduces the consumption of the traditional fuels used (Firewood, Cotton Stalks, Kerosene Oil and LPG), but also prevents about 900 thousand tons of CO/sub 2/ emissions into the environment. Additionally, a fixed dome biogas plant of 8-10 m/sup 3/ size was recommended for each of the houses under study. (author)

Appraisal of Biogas Potential of Biogas from Animal Dung in Saeedabad, Pakistan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

AMJAD ALISHAH

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Pakistan is facing energy scarcity. The biogas is one of the renewable substitutes. It does not only overcome the energy scarcity but also harness the energy from animal dung which causes the CO2 emissions. The present study was done on the appraisal of potential of biogas from the dung of animals (Buffaloes, Cows, Goats and Sheep within the villages surrounded by Taluka Saeedabad. The purpose of the study was the energy potential of the biogas and the selection of the most suitable design and size of the biogas plant for the villagers. The present study also includes the domestic biogas plant economics. As per the estimation, total quantity of animal dung generated was about 129 tons/day, which can produce 3859 m3 of biogas per day. On the contrary, for cooking villagers require only 2748 m3 of biogas per day. Moreover, the surplus biogas of 1111 m3 per day can be used to produce electricity of 6666 kWh per day, which can fulfill the demand of about half of the population of villages under study. People are using firewood, cotton stalks, kerosene oil and LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas for cooking. Converting animal dung into the biogas not only reduces the consumption of the traditional fuels used (Firewood, Cotton Stalks, Kerosene Oil and LPG, but also prevents about 900 thousand tons of CO2 emissions into the environment. Additionally, a fixed dome biogas plant of 8-10 m3 size was recommended for each of the houses under study.

Valorization of MSWI bottom ash for biogas desulfurization: Influence of biogas water content.

Science.gov (United States)

Fontseré Obis, Marta; Germain, Patrick; Troesch, Olivier; Spillemaecker, Michel; Benbelkacem, Hassen

2017-02-01

In this study an alternative valorization of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Bottom Ash (BA) for H 2 S elimination from landfill biogas was evaluated. Emphasis was given to the influence of water content in biogas on H 2 S removal efficiency by BA. A small-scale pilot was developed and implemented in a landfill site located in France. A new biogas analyzer was used and allowed real-time continuous measurement of CH 4 , CO 2 , O 2 , H 2 S and H 2 O in raw and treated biogas. The H 2 S removal efficiency of bottom ash was evaluated for different inlet biogas humidities: from 4 to 24g water /m 3 . The biogas water content was found to greatly affect bottom ash efficiency regarding H 2 S removal. With humid inlet biogas the H 2 S removal was almost 3 times higher than with a dry inlet biogas. Best removal capacity obtained was 56gH 2 S/kgdryBA. A humid inlet biogas allows to conserve the bottom ash moisture content for a maximum H 2 S retention. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Electricity from biogas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Augenstein, D.; Benemann, J.; Hughes, E.

1994-01-01

Biogas is a medium-Btu methane and carbon dioxide mix produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter. Its sources include landfills, waste water sludges, and animal wastes. It can fuel energy applications, of which electricity generation is a frequently-preferred option. The greatest current U.S. biogas recovery and energy use is at landfills, where biogas at about 80 landfill sites fuels a total of approximately 300 MWe. Wastewater treatment plants and confined animal waste management systems support additional electric power production. Generation of electricity from biogas can present difficulties due to the generally small scale of the generating facility, variable energy content of the gas, fluctuating availability, contaminant problems, and often-demanding control needs. However, such difficulties are being successfully addressed and economics for electricity generation are often favorable as biogas can be essentially open-quotes freeclose quotes fuel. Biogas recovery and use has the additional advantage of mitigating a potent greenhouse gas. Biogas from U.S. landfills alone could fuel about 1% of U.S. electrical generation while giving climate change benefit equivalent to reducing CO 2 emissions in the electricity sector by more than 10%. Growth in landfill gas use will be facilitated by recent regulations, advances in equipment, and improved management techniques such as open-quotes controlled landfillingclose quotes. The potential for biogas recovery and electricity production from sewage sludges, animal wastes and other organic resources such as agricultural residues is uncertain but probably exceeds the estimate for landfills

Valorization of biogas into liquid hydrocarbons in plasma-catalyst reactor

Science.gov (United States)

Nikravech, Mehrdad; Rahmani, Abdelkader; Labidi, Sana; Saintini, Noiric

2016-09-01

Biogas represents an important source of renewable energy issued from biological degradation of biomass. It is planned to produce in Europe the amount of biogas equivalent to 6400 kWh electricity and 4500 kteo (kilo tons equivalent oil) in 2020. Currently the biogas is used in cogeneration engines to produce heat and electricity directly in farms or it is injected in gas networks after purification and odorisation. The aim of this work is to propose a third option that consists of valorization of biogas by transformation into liquid hydrocarbons like acetone, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid etc. These chemicals, among the most important feed materials for chemical industries, retain CO2 molecules participating to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and have high storage energy capacity. We developed a low temperature atmospheric plasma-catalyst reactor (surface dielectric barrier discharge) to transform biogas into chemicals. The conversion rates of CH4 and CO2 are respectively about 50% and 30% depending on operational conditions. The energetic cost is 25 eV/molecule. The yields of liquid hydrocarbon reaches currently 10% wt. More the 11 liquid chemicals are observed in the liquid fraction. Acknowledgements are due to SPC Programme Energie de demain.

Fra mentee til mentor

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2015-01-01

Interview med mentee og mentor ved Birger Søndergård, videodokumenteret ved Jan Apollo - til undervisningsbrug.......Interview med mentee og mentor ved Birger Søndergård, videodokumenteret ved Jan Apollo - til undervisningsbrug....

Studenterproduceret video til eksamen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Kristian Nøhr; Hansen, Kenneth

2016-01-01

Formålet med denne artikel er at vise, hvordan læringsdesign og stilladsering kan anvendes til at skabe en ramme for studenterproduceret video til eksamen på videregående uddannelser. Artiklen tager udgangspunkt i en problemstilling, hvor uddannelsesinstitutionerne skal håndtere og koordinere...... medieproduktioner. Med afsæt i Lanarca Declarationens perspektiver på læringsdesign og hovedsageligt Jerome Bruners principper for stilladsering, sammensættes en model for understøttelse af videoproduktion af studerende på videregående uddannelser. Ved at anvende denne model for undervisningssessioner og forløb får...... de fagfaglige og mediefaglige undervisere et redskab til at fokusere og koordinere indsatsen frem mod målet med, at de studerende producerer og anvender video til eksamen....

Velkommen til Merkolland

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Just, Sine Nørholm

2012-01-01

Francois Hollandes første officielle handling som Frankrigs præsident var at tage på besøg hos den tyske kansler Angela Merkel. Dermed signalerede Hollande klart, at selvom han i den franske valgkamp slog til lyd for en genforhandling af EU’s finanspagt, så ved han godt, at vejen til EU...

Biogas. Present situation and future potential; Biogas. Nulaege och framtida potential

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nordberg, Ulf [Swedish Inst. of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Uppsala (Sweden)

2006-12-15

The report contains a general overview of present technology concerning production of biogas through anaerobic breakdown of easily recycled organic material as well as implementation areas for biogas. The work has been done in three parts: description of present situation, technical limitations and development efforts, synthesis. In Sweden there are more than 220 biogas plants for handling crops, sludge and organic residue material. Production of biogas occurs primarily at sewage treatment plants and landfills. Total capacity in 2004 was approx. 300,000 m{sup 3} anaerobic chamber volume, of which approx. 73% was utilised. Planned increase in capacity was approx. 125,000 m{sup 3} or approx. 42%.The substrate brought to the plants was comprised of approx. 45% manure, 30% offal, 10% biowaste from households and 15% other substrates. Calculations based on the energy content of input substrate indicate that approx. 10% of the gas was from manure, 65% from offal, 25% from household waste and 5% from other substrates. In 2005 a total of 1,5 TWh of biogas was produced in Sweden. Biogas is used primarily for heating purposes followed by use as vehicle fuel and in electricity production. More than 55 GWh is torched away. Sewage treatment plants are not included. Interest in using biogas as fuel has increased. The theoretical biogas potential in Sweden has been calculated to be 14-17 TWh per year, of which approx. 80% is found in agriculturally related biomass. Approximately 3 TWh originates from various types of household and industrial waste. Generally it can be said that there is a large potential for improvement and increased efficiency within the whole chain of substrate collection, preparatory treatment of substrates, operational control of biogas plants, upgrade/treatment and use of gas as well as spreading and use of biofertilizer. The greatest increase in substrate will come from the amount of crops from the agricultural sector. The contacts between farmers and plant

Proceedings of the 1. annual Canadian farm and food biogas conference and exhibition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2009-01-01

This conference provided a forum for researchers, farmers, and electric utility operators to discuss issues related to the growth of Canada's biogas industry. Many farmers are now exploring methods of producing biogas from agricultural wastes using anaerobic digestion technologies. However, regulatory problems continue to stall the growth of the fledgling biogas industry. In addition, many biogas plants face challenges related to ensuring reliable grid connections. European and American perspectives on biogas development were presented at the conference along with issues related to provincial and federal regulations and policies. Technologies and strategies for connecting biogas systems with other power systems were presented. The conference was divided into 11 sessions and 2 plenary sessions: (1) B1 grid connection solutions; (2) B2D energy crops and other plant-based co-substrates; (3) B2E Ontario biogas today; (4) B3D mixed materials; (5) B3E siting, odour and safety; (6) B4D economics and policy issues; (7) B4E genset performance and efficiency panel; (8) B5D case studies of food or farm biogas systems; (9) B5E case studies of farm-based systems; (10) B6D biogas next steps; and (11) B6E biogas in an urban setting. The conference featured 42 presentations, of which 5 have been catalogued separately for inclusion in this database. A set of 12 poster presentations were also presented, as well as several networking forums. tabs., figs

Livline til virkeligheden

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sanne Storm

2003-03-01

Full Text Available Denne artikel er en oversættelse af mit foredrag på verdenskongressen i musikterapi i Oxford 2002. Den er baseret på mit speciale »Livline til virkeligheden - første skridt i enpsykoterapeutisk behandling« (Storm 2002. Artiklen tager udgangspunkt i en case med en alvorligt psykisk syg kvinde, der er indlagt for første gang på psykiatrisk sygehus til Obs. pro forskizofreni, og som i indlæggelsesperioden desuden har udviklet et stort ordmobiliseringsbesvær. Den musikterapeutiske behandling beskrives. Gennem analyser af tre udvalgte musikeksemplerdokumenteres den terapeutiske udvikling i musikterapi fra et ubevidst og præ-verbalt stadie til et bevidst og verbalt stadie, - en såkaldt psykisk re-organisering. Første og tredie musikeksempelanalyseres udfra morfologiske principper, og her inddrages dele af Daniel Sterns udviklingsteori som teoretisk platform til forståelse af patientens psykologiske problemstilling. Andet musikeksempelanalyseres med fokus på patientens stemme og på nodetransskriptionen af sangen, sådan som sangen synges. Til analyse af stemmen anvender jeg et stemmeassessmentskema jeg selv har udviklet og senere videreudviklet i samarbejde med Stephan Skov (Storm & Skov 2000. I en efterbehandling af tredie analyse, der omfatter en analyse af en klinisk improvisation, udledes en ny hypotese om, hvordan den kliniske improvisation gennemgår forskellige faser frem mod en re-organisering, og hvilken rolle og funktion musikken og musikterapeuten har.

Evaluation of energy efficiency of various biogas production and utilization pathways

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Poeschl, Martina; Ward, Shane; Owende, Philip

2010-01-01

The energy efficiency of different biogas systems, including single and co-digestion of multiple feedstock, different biogas utilization pathways, and waste-stream management strategies was evaluated. The input data were derived from assessment of existing biogas systems, present knowledge on anaerobic digestion process management and technologies for biogas system operating conditions in Germany. The energy balance was evaluated as Primary Energy Input to Output (PEIO) ratio, to assess the process energy efficiency, hence, the potential sustainability. Results indicate that the PEIO correspond to 10.5-64.0% and 34.1-55.0% for single feedstock digestion and feedstock co-digestion, respectively. Energy balance was assessed to be negative for feedstock transportation distances in excess of 22 km and 425 km for cattle manure and for Municipal Solid Waste, respectively, which defines the operational limits for respective feedstock transportation. Energy input was highly influenced by the characteristics of feedstock used. For example, agricultural waste, in most part, did not require pre-treatment. Energy crop feedstock required the respect cultivation energy inputs, and processing of industrial waste streams included energy-demanding pre-treatment processes to meet stipulated hygiene standards. Energy balance depended on biogas yield, the utilization efficiency, and energy value of intended fossil fuel substitution. For example, obtained results suggests that, whereas the upgrading of biogas to biomethane for injection into natural gas network potentially increased the primary energy input for biogas utilization by up to 100%; the energy efficiency of the biogas system improved by up to 65% when natural gas was substituted instead of electricity. It was also found that, system energy efficiency could be further enhanced by 5.1-6.1% through recovery of residual biogas from enclosed digestate storage units. Overall, this study provides bases for more detailed assessment

Udkast til manus – FOREBYGGELSE AF RYNKER

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bertram, Hanne Christine S.

2018-01-01

Redegørelse og input til artikel/udsendelse om rynker til en specifik youtube kanal, der hedder 'Skønhedslaboratoriet'.......Redegørelse og input til artikel/udsendelse om rynker til en specifik youtube kanal, der hedder 'Skønhedslaboratoriet'....

The biogas sector. Looking for renewal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Signoret, Stephane; Petitot, Pauline; Kim, Caroline; Marie, Olivier; Sredojevic, Alexandre

2016-01-01

As the political will to develop biogas production in France is confirmed by the ambitious objectives defined in the French Investment Multi-year Programming, a set of articles on the biogas sector proposes an overview of what is going on in this sector. After some brief presentations of recent installations of biogas purification and of methanation, a first article outlines the problems and uncertainties raised by the new support system in terms of delays and visibility. A second article presents a methanation unit shared by pork breeders in Brittany to process and valorise effluents which cannot be scattered in fields any longer. The third article comments the bio-methane sector which is now living, and for the couple of years to come, its industrialisation phase, each project having its peculiarities, with emerging business models. The next article presents Methavos I, a methanation unit which injects its bio-methane into the gas network on both sides of the frontier between France and Germany. The sixth article presents the activities of Arkolia Energies which is developing a breakthrough technology with a continuous and thick methanation with optimal energy efficiency within a reduced volume. The seventh article comments the challenges, issues and solutions for longer lasting lubricants used in biogas generation engines. The last article addresses the issue of insurance for methanation installations which, like any other installation, are facing some exploitation risks and hazards

Quantification of the potential for biogas and biogas manure from the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In this paper, the overall potential of biogas and biogas manure from the selected fruit wastes in the city of Addis Ababa was estimated (quantified). The prediction is based on the characterization and biogas yield results in a related study, using structured questionnaire and checklists during field survey. This study has ...

Biogas movements in sanitary landdfills; Movimiento de biogas en rellenos sanitarios

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vidales A, Humberto

1988-12-31

This paper shows a model to study the physical and kinetic equations that determine the movement and diffusion of the biogas in sanitary landfills. This model for biogas flow was made in function of pressure, temperature, waste porosity and permeability, due to a diffusion coefficient of biogas determination 6 refs., 4 figs.

Biogas handbook (pilot edition)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mazumdar, A [comp.

1982-01-01

The theory of biogas production; factors affecting digester design; details of several biogas plants of India and China including their construction, operation, and maintenance; designs of biogas utilization devices; and the use of digested sludge as fertilizer or animal feed are discussed. Included is a section listing the causes and known solutions of technical problems associated with the construction and operation of biogas plants and appliances. (CK)

Farm Biogas Handbook; Gaardsbiogashandbok

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Christensson, Kjell; Bjoernsson, Lovisa; Dahlgren, Stefan; Eriksson, Peter; Lantz, Mikael; Lindstroem, Johanna; Mickelaaker, Maria

2009-04-15

A very large share of the total raw material potential for biogas production will be found within the agriculture. The raw material potential of manure in Sweden amounts to 4 - 6 TWh. Within the agriculture there is moreover a big potential in the form of residues from plant cultivation and non-food crops (approximately 7 TWh) that can to be used for biogas production. The potential for biogas production from only residues and manure is around 8-10 TWh. An increased biogas production within the agriculture would give significant environmental effects. Among other things manure, that today is leaking methane gas to the atmosphere, can be fermented, and trough this process the methane losses will be reduced. When the produced biogas replaces fossil fuel, an overall environmental effect will be reached, that is highly significant. This manual deals with biogas plants for agriculture and such plants that do not have extensive transports of different raw materials, as manure, wastes etc. One of the starting points for this manual's set-up is a course plan that Biogas Syd made for the courses they give to farmers, advisors and others. The manual illustrates important aspects in planning and construction of biogas plants, from raw material and technology to dimensioning of plant, use of biogas and planning of local gas grids. We also think it is important to illustrate the legislation that encompasses construction work and operation of a biogas plant. Investment costs are also illustrated, but the book does not give any extensive economic calculations, since we believe that such calculations need their own manual in the form of calculation examples, based on various conditions. The final section is called 'Biogas on farm - from idea to reality' where the entire process from analysis and pre-planning to monitoring and control of plant during operation is briefly described

Kinas nye mand vil korruptionen til livs

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Høyrup Christensen, Nis

2013-01-01

Kampen mod korruption er det første konkrete programpunkt, som Kinas nye mand i spidsen, Xi Jinping, har meldt ud. Dermed sender han et klart signal til de 80 millioner medlemmer i partiet og til den kæmpe administration, han er øverste chef for: Der skal handling til.......Kampen mod korruption er det første konkrete programpunkt, som Kinas nye mand i spidsen, Xi Jinping, har meldt ud. Dermed sender han et klart signal til de 80 millioner medlemmer i partiet og til den kæmpe administration, han er øverste chef for: Der skal handling til....

Towards the drivers of value creation in the biogas industry : enablers and inhibiters in the Netherlands

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van der Burg, Robbert-Jan H.; D'Souza, Austin; Huitema, George. B.; Wortmann, J.C.

2014-01-01

The Dutch biogas industry is developing slowly and in many instances still unviable. Insights in the drivers of value creation may help to create viable biogas business networks. This research explores these related drivers and accordingly, proposes a new and comprehensive definition of a driver of

THE ECONOMICS OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kh. S. Karimov

2013-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT: In this paper life-cycle cost analysis of three biogas digesters is presented. Results show that the cost of biogas depends on the construction of digesters, sizes of methane tank and possibility of heating of the slurry. Biogas and natural gas costs calaculated are observed and found to be comparable. It is recommended that the biogas digesters can be constructed and installed, in principle, for every family and there is no need to built long gas pipe lines. ABSTRAK: Kertaskerja ini membentangkan analisis kos kitar hayat tiga pencerna biogas. Keputusan menunjukkan kos biogas bergantung kepada pembinaan pencerna, saiz tangki metana dan kemungkinan pemanasan buburan. Pengiraan kos biogas dan gas asli diambil kira dan ianya didapati setanding. Adalah disarankan pencerna biogas boleh dibina dan dipasang secara teorinya, bagi setiap keluarga tanpa memerlukan pembinaan paip gas yang panjang.

18{sup th} bioenergy symposium. Solid fuels, biofuels, biogas; 18. Symposium Bioenergie. Festbrennstoffe, Biokraftstoffe, Biogas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2009-07-01

) Applied concepts of processing fermentation residues: Evaluation, comparison as well as material flows and nutrient flows (R. Kirchmayr); (20) Climate protection and lifestyle (P. Weish); (21) Exploration of new fuels for small power ranges by means of vortex firing (E. Hamatschek); (22) The biomass gasification project BLAUER TURM H2Herten (E. Greiler); (23) Success factors for bio energy plants with a local district heating network using evaluated biomass heating plants as an example (C. Leuchtweis); (24) Climate protection program Eco Plus: Reduction of CO{sub 2} emissions - Generation of yields (S. Sanders); (25) Significance of bio energy for an ecologic model district (T. Jenssen); (26) State of the art and perspectives of flexi-fuel vehicles (U. Kramer); (27) Biofuels - Challenges for the engines from tomorrow (B. Gehringer); (28) In-situ variable ethanol-diesel blends for the improvement of the emissions at serial diesel motors (W. Kangler); (29) Aftertreatment of exhaust gases by means of rapeseed fuels in diesel engines (V. Wichmann); (30) Towards the industrial production (O. Schulze); (31) State of the art of the realization of the bioliq procedure (E. Dinjus); (32) Biogas distribution systems as an economic alternative to the utilization of biogas (W. Urban); (33) Feed-in of biogas into the natural gas distribution system: Newest developments of the market in the area of biogas conditioning in Germany and Europe (S. Rostek); (34) Repowering of biogas plants - From sub-standard to the engine for progress (M. Paproth); (35) Biogas production in Switzerland: State of the art, organisation of the branche and economic efficiency (A. Maerki); (36) Ecobalance biogas - Success factors for the sustainable utilization of the biogas technology by means of selected biogas plants as an example (J. Pucker); (37) What role does the bio energy play in the sustainable energy supply? Bio energy in the context to climatic change, energy systems and utilization of land - Results

Biogas infrastructures from farm to regional scale, prospects of biogas transport grids

NARCIS (Netherlands)

prof. dr. Wim van Gemert; A.A. Broekhuis; Drs. E.J. Hengeveld; Ir. J. Bekkering

2016-01-01

The volume of biogas produced in agricultural areas is expected to increase in coming years. An increasing number of local and regional initiatives show a growing interest in decentralized energy production, wherein biogas can play a role. Biogas transport from production sites to user, i.e. a

Effect of Water Volume and Biogas Volumetric Flowrate in Biogas Purification Through Water Scrubbing Method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hendry Sakke Tira

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Energy supply is a crucial issue in the world in the last few years. The increase in energy demand caused by population growth and resource depletion of world oil reserves provides determination to produce and to use renewable energies. One of the them is biogas. However, until now the use of biogas has not yet been maximized because of its poor purity. According to the above problem, the research has been carried out using the method of water absorption. Under this method it is expected that the rural community is able to apply it. Therefore, their economy and productivity can be increased. This study includes variations of absorbing water volume (V and input biogas volume flow rate (Q. Raw biogas which is flowed into the absorbent will be analyzed according to the determined absorbing water volume and input biogas volume rate. Improvement on biogas composition through the biogas purification method was obtained. The level of CO2 and H2S was reduced significantly specifically in the early minutes of purification process. On the other hand, the level of CH4 was increased improving the quality of raw biogas. However, by the time of biogas purification the composition of purified biogas was nearly similar to the raw biogas. The main reason for this result was an increasing in pH of absorbent. It was shown that higher water volume and slower biogas volume rate obtained better results in reducing the CO2 and H2S and increasing CH4 compared to those of lower water volume and higher biogas volume rate respectively. The purification method has a good promising in improving the quality of raw biogas and has advantages as it is cheap and easy to be operated.

Effect of Water Volume and Biogas Volumetric Flowrate in Biogas Purification Through Water Scrubbing Method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hendry Sakke Tira

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Energy supply is a crucial issue in the world in the last few years. The increase in energy demand caused by population growth and resource depletion of world oil reserves provides determination to produce and to use renewable energies. One of the them is biogas. However, until now the use of biogas has not yet been maximized because of its poor purity. According to the above problem, the research has been carried out using the method of water absorption. Under this method it is expected that the rural community is able to apply it. Therefore, their economy and productivity can be increased. This study includes variations of absorbing water volume (V and input biogas volume flow rate (Q. Raw biogas which is flowed into the absorbent will be analyzed according to the determined absorbing water volume and input biogas volume rate. Improvement on biogas composition through the biogas purification method was obtained. The level of CO2 and H2S was reduced significantly specifically in the early minutes of purification process. On the other hand, the level of CH4 was increased improving the quality of raw biogas. However, by the time of biogas purification the composition of purified biogas was nearly similar to the raw biogas. The main reason for this result was an increasing in pH of absorbent. It was shown that higher water volume and slower biogas volume rate obtained better results in reducing the CO2 and H2S and increasing CH4 compared to those of lower water volume and higher biogas volume rate respectively. The purification method has a good promising in improving the quality of raw biogas and has advantages as it is cheap and easy to be operated.

Biogas infrastructures from farm to regional scale, prospects of biogas transport grids

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hengeveld, E. J.; Bekkering, J.; van Gemert, W. J. T.; Broekhuis, A. A.

The volume of biogas produced in agricultural areas is expected to increase in coming years. An increasing number of local and regional initiatives show a growing interest in decentralized energy production, wherein biogas can play a role. Biogas transport from production sites to user, i.e. a CHP,

Biogas infrastructures from farm to regional scale, prospects of biogas transport grids

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hengeveld, Evert Jan; Bekkering, Jan; van Gemert, Wim; Broekhuis, A.A.

2016-01-01

The volume of biogas produced in agricultural areas is expected to increase in coming years. An increasing number of local and regional initiatives show a growing interest in decentralized energy production, wherein biogas can play a role. Biogas transport from production sites to user, i.e. a CHP,

Fra stat til amt

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjerrum, Merete

2008-01-01

Kapitlet beskriver grundlaget for den måde hvorpå dansk hospitalspsykiatri er organiseret i dag. Folketinget vedtog i 1975 at decentralisere det administrative ansvar for statshospitalerne. Decentraliseringen var en markant ændring i forhold til tidligere. Bidraget forklarer årsager til, at amtsk...

An integrated prediction and optimization model of biogas production system at a wastewater treatment facility.

Science.gov (United States)

Akbaş, Halil; Bilgen, Bilge; Turhan, Aykut Melih

2015-11-01

This study proposes an integrated prediction and optimization model by using multi-layer perceptron neural network and particle swarm optimization techniques. Three different objective functions are formulated. The first one is the maximization of methane percentage with single output. The second one is the maximization of biogas production with single output. The last one is the maximization of biogas quality and biogas production with two outputs. Methane percentage, carbon dioxide percentage, and other contents' percentage are used as the biogas quality criteria. Based on the formulated models and data from a wastewater treatment facility, optimal values of input variables and their corresponding maximum output values are found out for each model. It is expected that the application of the integrated prediction and optimization models increases the biogas production and biogas quality, and contributes to the quantity of electricity production at the wastewater treatment facility. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sociale indsatser til mennesker med ADHD

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bengtsson, Steen; Alim, Winnie; Holmskov, Henriette

Igennem de seneste år har flere og flere fået stillet diagnosen ADHD, som er en adfærdsmæssig forstyrrelse. Mennesker med ADHD har meget forskelligt støttebehov, og rapportens formål er at skabe overblik over de eksisterende sociale indsatser og tilbud til børn, unge og voksne med ADHD. Langt de...... ansvar for sociale end for terapeutiske tilbud i forhold til gruppen med ADHD. Mange voksne med ADHD beskriver, at det kræver mange ressourcer at få den fornødne støtte fra kommunen, mens forældre til børn med ADHD oplever det som nemmere at få adgang til de rette støttetilbud. Men begge grupper møder...... mange udfordringer som fx manglende koordinering og hyppige sagsbehandlerskift. Rapporten er udarbejdet i tilknytning til Servicestyrelsens projekt ’Ny og forstærket indsats til børn, unge og voksne med ADHD’ og er finansieret af Socialministeriet....

Fra Industrial Organization (IO) til Porters strategiske brancheperspektiv:En undervisningsnote til undervisning i strategi

OpenAIRE

Thrane, Claus

2007-01-01

Dette notat giver en kortfattet introduktion til det grundlæggende teoretiske fundament for Porters brancheperspektiv. Heri indgår: 1) et kort afsnit om strategifeltets historiske baggrund, 2) en kort beskrivelse af det såkaldte SCP-paradigme inden for IO med særligt fokus på årene op til 1980, 3) en beskrivelse af hvorledes Porter overførte SCP-paradigmet til strategifeltet, samt 4) en meget kort beskrivelse af de to centrale dele i Porter 1980.

Establishment of a biogas grid and interaction between a biogas grid and a natural gas grid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kvist, T.

2011-01-15

The project has aimed to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of a large biogas net in Ringkoebing Skjern municipality in Denmark, which wants to become self-sufficient in renewable energy by 2020. It is estimated that the biogas potential in the municipality is about. 60 mill. m3 methane gas a year. Half of the methane will be generated by digesting 80 % of the area's slurry, while the other half will be produced from energy crops. It will require an area equivalent to 5 % of the municipality's farmland. The idea is to establish decentralized 60-80 and 1-3 large centralized biogas plants, and that the produced biogas is distributed to natural gas-fired decentralized power plants. Based on this framework, a number of issues for the establishment of a biogas net have been investigated. These are: - the relation between biogas production and demand; - biogas compared to the overall energy system, - purification and measurement of biogas; - conversion of natural gas-fired power plants to biogas; - the value of biogas for cogeneration plants; - design of a biogas distribution net; - ownership and accountability; - potential business models. (LN)

Small-scale upgrading and refinement of biogas; Smaaskalig uppgradering och foeraedling av biogas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blom, Helena; Mccann, Michael; Westman, Johan (Poeyry SwedPower AB, Stockholm (Sweden))

2012-02-15

Small-scale upgrading and refinement of biogas is a report which aims to compile the state of knowledge in small-scale biogas upgrading. The project have been a collaboration with Agrovaest and Energy Farm and was funded by the Foundation for Agricultural Research, Western Goetaland and the Agriculture Department. The technology available for small scale upgrade has been examined from the technical and economic standpoint. An economic comparison has been made and the production of upgraded biogas has been estimated for different raw gas flows. The work also contains information related to biogas production, upgrading and a comparison of liquid biogas, DME and Ecopar-diesel

2nd generation biogas. BioSNG

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zwart, R.W.R.

2008-11-01

The substitution of natural gas by a renewable equivalent is an interesting option to reduce the use of fossil fuels and the accompanying greenhouse gas emissions, as well as from the point of view of security of supply. The renewable alternative for natural gas is green natural gas, i.e. gaseous energy carriers produced from biomass comprising both biogas and Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG). Via this route can be benefited from all the advantages of natural gas, like the existing dense infrastructure, trade and supply network, and natural gas applications. In this presentation attention is paid to the differences between first generation biogas and second generation bioSNG; the market for bioSNG: grid injection vs. transportation fuel; latest update on the lab- and pilot-scale bioSNG development at ECN; and an overview is given of ongoing bioSNG activities worldwide

Biogas from algae, seaweed and seagrass?; Biogas aus Algen, Tang und Seegras?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schneider, Holger [Fachhochschule Flensburg (Germany)

2011-07-01

Algae, seaweed and sea grass are discussed again and again as alternative sources for raw materials for agricultural biogas plants. The author of the contribution under consideration reports on the identification and optimization of the biogas potential of microalgae, macroalgae and flotsam (mixture of seaweed, seaweed, and so on). Algae, seaweed and sea grass can be fermented into biogas by means of an anaerobic process. The specific yield of biogas is small. The processing of these substrates requires a technical adjustment of the biogas plants. Thus, the effective use of these substrates will continue to fall. The achievable benefit highly depends on the location of the facilities and on the available substrates with the corresponding specific gas yields. The economic efficiency of these substrates in agricultural systems must be examined in each case.

Arbejdspapir til Thesis-seminar

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Damkjaer, Maja Sonne

2014-01-01

Arbejdspapir til Thesis-seminar afholdt ved Forskningsseminar i Forskningsprogrammet: Medier, Kommunikation og Samfund, Institut for Æstetik og Kommunikation, Aarhus Universitet. Afhandlingens teoretiske afsnit.......Arbejdspapir til Thesis-seminar afholdt ved Forskningsseminar i Forskningsprogrammet: Medier, Kommunikation og Samfund, Institut for Æstetik og Kommunikation, Aarhus Universitet. Afhandlingens teoretiske afsnit....

Solen takker nej til atomkraft

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Juhl Jakobsen, Lara

2014-01-01

Logo. Atomkraft? Nej tak. 1975 Design: Anne Lund for Organisationen til Oplysning om Atomkraft (OOA)......Logo. Atomkraft? Nej tak. 1975 Design: Anne Lund for Organisationen til Oplysning om Atomkraft (OOA)...

Ecological and economic evaluation of biogas from intercrops

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Niemetz, Nora; Kettl, Karl-Heinz [Graz Univ. of Technology (Austria). Inst. for Process and Particle Engineering

2012-12-01

Biogas made from main crops (e.g., corn) is commonly used for producing electricity and heat. Nevertheless, the production of energy from monocultures is highly unsustainable and not truly renewable. Since neither monocultures nor food competition are desirable, intercrops can be used to increase the yield per hectare instead of leaving agricultural fields unplanted for soil regeneration. The extra biomass can be used for biogas production. In a case study, the economic as well as the ecological feasibility of biogas production using intercrops, cattle manure, grass and corn silage as feedstocks for fermenters was analyzed. The set-up for the case study included different feedstock combinations as well as spatial distributions of substrate supply and heat demand for modeling and optimization. Using the process network synthesis, an optimum structure was generated representing the most economical technology constellation which included transport of substrates, heat and biogas (when applicable). The ecological evaluation was carried out by using the sustainable process index method. The application of both methodologies to different scenarios allowed a constellation to be found which is economically feasible while entailing low ecological pressure. It is demonstrated that the production of intercrops for producing biogas has so far not been regarded as a viable option by the farmers due to a variety of barriers. Sensitization is needed to emphasize that planting intercrops holds many advantages like positive effects on soil regeneration and raised nitrogen fixation, as well as increased biomass output per hectare and, last but not least, it allows the production of energy without conflicts between food and energy production. (orig.)

Experiences with biogas in Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bundgaard, Sirid Sif; Kofoed-Wiuff, Anders

This report is primarily based on the work of the Danish biogas task force, which was established as a result of the Energy Agreement of 22 March 2012. The purpose of the task force is to examine and support concrete biogas projects in order to facilitate the projected biogas development up to 2020....... The focus of the task force was on the practical integration of the new biogas production in energy system, including the utilization of gas, the necessary infrastructure and contractual relationships. The aim was to ensure effective and appropriate integration of biogas in the Danish energy supply, which...... was consistent with the policy objectives, both in regards to current challenges for specific biogas plants and the role of biogas flexible renewable energy form on longer term. The task force's final report was published in 2014....

Introduktion til IBSE-didaktikken

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sillasen, Martin Krabbe

2012-01-01

Teoretisk introduktion til IBSE-didaktikken med udgangspunkt i Fibonoacci-projektet s teorigrundlag formuleret af Wynne Harlen. Se mere på http://www.fibonacci-project.eu/......Teoretisk introduktion til IBSE-didaktikken med udgangspunkt i Fibonoacci-projektet s teorigrundlag formuleret af Wynne Harlen. Se mere på http://www.fibonacci-project.eu/...

Biogas: A renewable energy source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imiere, E.E.; Ojih, V.B.; Esiekpe, L.E.; Okafor, M.C.; Attoh, V. A.

2011-01-01

Biogas refers to a gas produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be used as a fuel in any country for any heating purpose such as cooking. By means of digesters, the energy in the gas can be converted to electricity and heat. Biogas like natural gas can also be used to power motor vehicle. Biogas is a renewable fuel which qualifies it for a renewable energy subsidy. It is non-toxic, environment-friendly and serve as a means of combating global warming. Biogas is presently being used in U.S.A, U.K, China, Sweden, Brazil, and India amongst others for domestic purposes, transportation and power generation. In this regard, this paper discusses biogas production. It also presents a model design of domestic biogas plant suitable for Nigerian households. The paper recommends that Nigerian Government should intensify efforts in educating the masses on this novel technology for a sustainable global development. A biogas plant designed for Nigerian household discussed in this paper is also recommended.

Biogas in agriculture. Status and prospects. Proceedings; Biogas in der Landwirtschaft. Stand und Perspektiven. Tagungsband

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2011-07-01

Within the congress of the Agency for Renewable Resources (Guelzow, Federal Republic of Germany) and the Association for Technology and Structures in Agriculture (Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany) at 20th-21st September, 2011 in Goettingen (Federal Republic of Germany) the following lectures and posters were presented: (1) Perspectives of using biogas as a part of the German power supply (Stefan Rauh); (2) Development of biogas in Europe (Marc Fleureck); (3) Biology of methanogenic archaea and its significance for the microbial process control in biogas plants (Helmut Koenig); (4) Efficiency and behaviour of enzymes in the biogas process (Monika Heiermann); (5) Trace elements in NaWaRo biogas plants for balancing substrate limited deficiency symptoms and stabilizing the fermentation process (Hans Oechsner); (6) EEG - Actual developments for biogas (Ulrich Keymer); (7) Utilization of thermal energy from cogeneration in the practice - Experiences from the view of an environmental expert (Michael Hub); (8) Innovations in the legal aspects of the production and utilization of biogas (Hartwig von Bredow); (9) Damages and deficiencies at biogas plants (Waldemar Gruber); (10) Learning from accidents, damages and their causes as well as their correctives in the operation of biogas plants - Reports from the practice (Wolfgang Horst Stachowitz); (11) Causes and avoidance of container damages by means of biocorrosion (Jan Kuever); (12) Anaerobic degradation of cellulosic substrates - Bionic implementation of the forestomach sysem of a ruminant (Dirk Weichgrebe); (13) Fermentation of renewable raw materials in the up flow procedure (Jan Mumme); (14) Two-phase pressure fermentation for feeding into natural gas grids (Andreas Lemmer); (15) Requirements and potential of sugar beets for fermentation (Christa Hoffmann); (16) Innovation in the area of power beets (Andreas von Felde); (17) Optimization of manuring with fermentation residues in order to reduce the nitrogen

Progress in biogas. Biogas production from agricultural biomass and organic residues. Pt. 1 and 2. Proceedings (oral presentations and poster presentations); Fortschritt beim Biogas. Biogas aus landwirtschaftlicher Biomasse and organischen Reststoffen. T. 1 und 2. Tagungsband. Vortraege and Poster

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-07-01

Within the International Conference ''Progress in Biogas - Biogas production from agricultural biomass and organic residues'' at the University Hohenheim (Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany) from 18th to 21st September, 2007, the following lectures were held: (1) Global relevance and potential of bioenergy for regional development; (2) Biogas electricity for France feed-in tariff and some other things to know before entering French market; (3) Policy drivers and future prospects for on-farm anaerobic digestion in Northern Ireland; (4) Biogas in Belgium, a swot analysis; (5) Status and prospects of biogas energy use in Ukraine; (6) Recent developments in Chinese agricultural biogas production; (7) Opportunities for agricultural based biogas systems in the province of Ontario, Canada; (8) Pre-treatment and digestion of separated collected household waste in Sweden; (9) To the problem of monitoring measures and prophylaxis measures with the utilization of organic residual substances in biological gas facilities from hygienic view; (10) Fermenting residues from biological gas facilities - nutrients and pollutants, possibilities of application in the agriculture; (11) Treatment and utilization of fermentation residues; (12) Potential of residual gas of NaWaRo feeded biogas plants in Baden-Wuerttemberg; (13) Operating analytics of biogas plants to improve efficiency and to ensure process stability; (14) The potential of biogas and electric power production from subproducts in the sugar and alcohol industries by the application of anaerobic digestion; (15) Co-digestion plant in dairy cattle farm in Emilia Romagna region (Italy); (16) Facing operational problems in a biodigeser in Yuvientsa - Amazonian Region of Ecuador; (17) Biogas plant instead of milk cow - payment and occupation with the use of grassilage; (18) Biogas in ecologic agriculture - experiences from 3 years of fermentation of grass-clover ley; (19) Combined solar-biogas basis for the

Progress in biogas. Biogas production from agricultural biomass and organic residues. Pt. 1 and 2. Proceedings (oral presentations and poster presentations); Fortschritt beim Biogas. Biogas aus landwirtschaftlicher Biomasse and organischen Reststoffen. T. 1 und 2. Tagungsband. Vortraege and Poster

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-07-01

Within the International Conference ''Progress in Biogas - Biogas production from agricultural biomass and organic residues'' at the University Hohenheim (Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany) from 18th to 21st September, 2007, the following lectures were held: (1) Global relevance and potential of bioenergy for regional development; (2) Biogas electricity for France feed-in tariff and some other things to know before entering French market; (3) Policy drivers and future prospects for on-farm anaerobic digestion in Northern Ireland; (4) Biogas in Belgium, a swot analysis; (5) Status and prospects of biogas energy use in Ukraine; (6) Recent developments in Chinese agricultural biogas production; (7) Opportunities for agricultural based biogas systems in the province of Ontario, Canada; (8) Pre-treatment and digestion of separated collected household waste in Sweden; (9) To the problem of monitoring measures and prophylaxis measures with the utilization of organic residual substances in biological gas facilities from hygienic view; (10) Fermenting residues from biological gas facilities - nutrients and pollutants, possibilities of application in the agriculture; (11) Treatment and utilization of fermentation residues; (12) Potential of residual gas of NaWaRo feeded biogas plants in Baden-Wuerttemberg; (13) Operating analytics of biogas plants to improve efficiency and to ensure process stability; (14) The potential of biogas and electric power production from subproducts in the sugar and alcohol industries by the application of anaerobic digestion; (15) Co-digestion plant in dairy cattle farm in Emilia Romagna region (Italy); (16) Facing operational problems in a biodigeser in Yuvientsa - Amazonian Region of Ecuador; (17) Biogas plant instead of milk cow - payment and occupation with the use of grassilage; (18) Biogas in ecologic agriculture - experiences from 3 years of fermentation of grass-clover ley; (19) Combined solar-biogas basis for the population social

Fra onlinefællesskaber til onlinenetværk: Facebook som augmentering af den sociale virkelighed [From online communities to online networks: Facebook as an augmentation of social reality] Fra onlinefællesskaber til onlinenetværk: Facebook som augmentering af den sociale virkelighed

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jakob Linaa Jensen

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Denne artikel diskuterer Facebook-fænomenet som et symptom på, at sociale anvendelser af nettet bevæger sig fællesskabsorienterede til netværksorienterede. Hvor man i nettets tidlige år ofte brugte nettet til at møde nye mennesker med samme interesser eller holdninger som én selv, er det i dag mere udbredt at skabe og vedligeholde forbindelser med ens eksisterende sociale netværk. Det vises også i artiklen, hvordan Facebooks succes blandt andet kan tilskrives, at det for brugerne opfylder fem funktioner, som man tidligere skulle benytte sig af en række forskellige tjenester for at varetage: selvfremstilling, venskab, objektdeling, publicering og det, jeg vil kalde ”sjette sans”. Herigennem bidrager Facebook til at forstærke eksisterende sociale relationer, det jeg kalder en augmentering af den sociale virkelighed.This article discusses the Facebook phenomenon, using it as an example of how the most dominant social use of the Internet today is network-based rather than community-based. In the early years of the Internet, online communities were popular fora for meeting new people with related interests or opinions. Today, the dominant social use is to create and maintain relationships with your existing social network. It is also demonstrated that the success of Facebook, is dependent, among other factors, upon the fulfilment of five social functions for the users: self-presentation, friendship, object sharing, publication, and having a “sixth sense”. Thus, Facebook contributes to an enhancement of existing social relationships offline, what I call an augmentation of social reality.

Residual biogas yield of digestate from agricultural biogas plants; Restgaspotenzial in Gaerresten aus landwirtschaftlichen Biogasanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lehner, Andreas; Effenberger, Mathias; Kissel, Rainer; Gronauer, Andreas [Bayerische Landesanstalt fuer Landwirtschaft, Freising (Germany). Arbeitsgruppe Biogastechnologie und Reststoffmanagement

2009-07-01

To evaluate the residual biogas yield during storage, biogas tests at a temperature of 22 C were performed with samples of liquid digested residue from 15 agricultural biogas plants (BGP). Values of residual biogas yield between 0.3 and 1.3 % with respect to the biogas yield from the raw input materials were measured. For the two one-stage BGP, the value was about 1.2 %. For the two-stage plants, a residual biogas yield (RBY) of 0.9 % was determined as opposed to 0.4 % for the three-stage plants. With a single exception, the RBY was clearly below 1.0 % if the overall hydraulic retention time in the BGP was equal to or larger than 100 days. For the majority of samples, the residual biogas yield showed a positive correlation with the level of volatile fatty acids in the digestate. Since the real conditions in storage tanks cannot be simulated with a simple batch-test, the results are not representative for the actual biogas production and potential methane emissions from the digestate during open storage. (orig.)

Link til hjemmesider

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bervild, Charlotte

2015-01-01

Link til læringsobjekter/undervisningsportalhttp://videoportal.ucc.dk/channel/10492641/charlotte-bervilds-undervisninghttp://videoportal.ucc.dk/video/8248508/3d-printer-v-lektor-charlotte-bervildFotoblog:http://charlottebervild.blogspot.dk/2008/10/fotocollager-af-charlotte-bervild.html......Link til læringsobjekter/undervisningsportalhttp://videoportal.ucc.dk/channel/10492641/charlotte-bervilds-undervisninghttp://videoportal.ucc.dk/video/8248508/3d-printer-v-lektor-charlotte-bervildFotoblog:http://charlottebervild.blogspot.dk/2008/10/fotocollager-af-charlotte-bervild.html...

Biogas 2007. Energy source of the future; Biogas 2007. Energietraeger der Zukunft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-07-01

Within this VDI meeting, held between 14th and 15th June, 2007, in Berlin (Federal Republic of Germany), the following lectures were held: (a) Perspectives of the use of biogas in the background of the instruments according to the launch of renewable energies (B. Dreher); (b) Biogas in the energy mix and as export product - demand of action in EEG (C. da Costa Gomez); (c) Cultivation of regenerative raw materials for production of fermentation gas (A. Vetter); (d) Consequences of the cultivation of power plants on nature and landscape (W. Peters); (e) Agrarian residual substances and wastes of biofuel production as fermentation substrates (G. Langhans); (f) Biological waste management - comparison between composting and fermentation (Ch. Dornack, A. Schnapke); (g) Treatment and utilization of residues of fermentation (H. Doehler); (h) State of the art of the production and utilization of biogas using the NawaRo plant (P. Weiland, Ch. Rieger, J. Schroeder, R. Kissel, H. Bachmaier, V. Plogsties, J. Vogtherr); (i) Dry fermentation for continuous biogas processes - progress report (R. Schneider); (j) Status Quo and potential of development of mechanical-biological waste treatment under special consideration of fermentation and energetic utilization (K. Fricke, H. Santen, T. Bahr, A. Huettner); (k) Optimization of the plant operation by means of process monitoring and process modelling (M. Mueller, F. Scholwin, B. Fritsche); (l) Power supply and heat supply of the bio energy village Juehnde (E. Fangmeier); (m) Processing of regenerating raw materials for the optimization of the biogas yield: Which effects can be reached in the biogas process by means of pre-treatment of biomass such as corn and triticale? (B. Schumacher, H. Oechsner, Th. Senn, Th. Jungbluth); (n) Biogas production by means of dry fermentation: State of the art (A. Schattauer, P. Weiland); (o) Biogas as a fuel: AGROPTI - gas in Sweden (T. Ahrens, P. Weiland); (p) Bio energy as a system service

Replacing Natural Gas by Biogas — Determining the Bacterial Contamination of Biogas by PCR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jiřina Čermáková

2012-01-01

Full Text Available A promising way of using biogas is to upgrade it to natural gas, which is referred to as Substitute Natural Gas (SNG or biomethane. Biomethane, or biogas, is produced by biological processes of harnessing the ability of microorganisms to degrade organic material to methane. Some of the microorganisms are aerosolized from the digester into the biogas; afterwards a bio-film is formed that attaches to the surfaces of the distribution pipes, and can find it was to the place where the end use of biogas takes place. This paper deals with the detection of microbial species in biogas, their influenceon corrosion and the potential risk that diseases can be spread via biogas using molecular techniques. Using molecular methods, we found that raw biogas contains about 8 million microorganisms per m3, which is most likely the result of microbial transmission from the anaerobic digestion process. Some bacterial species may contribute to the corrosion of pipelines and equipment; others are opportunistic pathogens that can cause toxic reactions. However, most bacterial species, more than 40 % in biogas, are still unknown, as is their influence on the digestion process and on human health. Further studies are needed to better understand the behavior of microorganisms in anaerobic digestion and to preventmicrobial-influenced corrosion and microbial dissemination.

Fra seminarium til skole

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Rene B

2014-01-01

towards experimental description”. Denne definition er formuleret af Ference Marton og understreger at fænomenografien er optaget af beskrivelser af menneskers oplevelser, hvad an-går udvalgte sociale fænomener og samtidig at udpege variationer inden for disse sociale fænomener. Fænomenografi fokuserer på...... for at udfolde deres intentioner om lærerarbejde”? Det andet forskningsspørgsmål adresserede adgangsproblematikker i forhold til forskning i skolen og lød: ”Hvordan kan man få adgang til og hvordan skal man forstå skolens hverdagspraksisser”? Gennem afhandlingen er begge spørgsmål blevet diskuteret både...... var både tale om den faktiske, fysiske adgang til en skole, når man dukker op på matriklen og går omkring og ser, hvad der sker. I afhandlingen vises at der det mest af tiden ikke sker noget – der er rig mulighed for at gå omkring, med mindre man italesætter sin intention med at være der. Til eksempel...

A regional biogas infrastructure, prospects for the biogas grid

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hengeveld, Evert Jan; van Gemert, Wim; Bekkering, Jan; Broekhuis, A.A.

2014-01-01

A model to describe biogas transport costs in a regional grid is presented. In the model biogas is collected to a central location by transport through dedicated pipelines. Costs have been calculated for two different lay-outs of the grid i.e. star and fishbone lay-out. The costs depend on the

Fra Jersore til Kina

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Littrup, Leif

2009-01-01

Kronik om Maren Kirstine Rasmussen (1893-1937), der var opvokset i Jersore og senere udvandret til USA. Fra 1923 til sin død var hun missionær i Sydkina, udsendt af Aggregation of God (Pinsebevægelsen). Om den Stambog og andet materiale, der er efterladt hos familien i Danmark. [I alt ca. 8...

Biogas barometer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

2004-01-01

Unlike the other renewable energy sectors, biogas production did not result from concerns over energy but rather from environmental preoccupations (elimination of pollution, treatment of waste, control of greenhouse gas emissions). Biogas produced in this manner constitutes a sizeable and renewable deposit, with European production (EU 15) in the region of 3219 ktoe in 2003. (author)

Aspects of biogas utilisation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luning, L.

1992-01-01

Utilisation of biogas has received considerable attention over the last decade, its full potential has not been reached however. The paper discusses various options for utilisation of biogas and the limitations that may occur as far as they are associated with the characteristics of biogas. As a result the prospects for the future are presented. (au)

Velkommen til produktionsuniversitetet

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rosenbaum, Philip

2015-01-01

Universitetet er blevet en fabrik, der spytter forskning og elever ud i et sort hul til ære for ranglister og dimittendstatistikker. Tilbage står forvirrede og stressede forskere og elever, der desperate halser efter misforstået effektivitetskrav.......Universitetet er blevet en fabrik, der spytter forskning og elever ud i et sort hul til ære for ranglister og dimittendstatistikker. Tilbage står forvirrede og stressede forskere og elever, der desperate halser efter misforstået effektivitetskrav....

Analysis of operational methane emissions from pressure relief valves from biogas storages of biogas plants.

Science.gov (United States)

Reinelt, Torsten; Liebetrau, Jan; Nelles, Michael

2016-10-01

The study presents the development of a method for the long term monitoring of methane emissions from pressure relief valves (PRV(1)) of biogas storages, which has been verified during test series at two PRVs of two agricultural biogas plants located in Germany. The determined methane emission factors are 0.12gCH4kWhel(-1) (0.06% CH4-loss, within 106days, 161 triggering events, winter season) from biogas plant A and 6.80/7.44gCH4kWhel(-1) (3.60/3.88% CH4-loss, within 66days, 452 triggering events, summer season) from biogas plant B. Besides the operational state of the biogas plant (e.g. malfunction of the combined heat and power unit), the mode of operation of the biogas flare, which can be manually or automatically operated as well as the atmospheric conditions (e.g. drop of the atmospheric pressure) can also affect the biogas emission from PRVs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Brændeovnes bidrag til luftforurening

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pedersen, Jens Christian

2010-01-01

Brændeovnenes bidrag til luftforurening er blevet kortlagt med en hidtil uset detaljeringsgrad. Det er forskere fra Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser (DMU) på Aarhus Universitet som står bag kortlægningen. En omfattende målekampagne i Slagslunde viser at brændeovnene bidrager væsentligt til partikelfor......Brændeovnenes bidrag til luftforurening er blevet kortlagt med en hidtil uset detaljeringsgrad. Det er forskere fra Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser (DMU) på Aarhus Universitet som står bag kortlægningen. En omfattende målekampagne i Slagslunde viser at brændeovnene bidrager væsentligt til...

CGM ApS Årsberetning til DANAK

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

De Chiffre, Leonardo

Denne årsberetning omfatter CGM ApS' akkrediterede virksomhed i kalenderåret 2003. Årsberetningen er udarbejdet til DANAK (Dansk Akkreditering, ErhvervsfremmeStyrelsen), som led i opfyldelsen af laboratoriets informationspligt i henhold til gældende regler.......Denne årsberetning omfatter CGM ApS' akkrediterede virksomhed i kalenderåret 2003. Årsberetningen er udarbejdet til DANAK (Dansk Akkreditering, ErhvervsfremmeStyrelsen), som led i opfyldelsen af laboratoriets informationspligt i henhold til gældende regler....

Comparative life cycle assessment of biogas plant configurations for a demand oriented biogas supply for flexible power generation.

Science.gov (United States)

Hahn, Henning; Hartmann, Kilian; Bühle, Lutz; Wachendorf, Michael

2015-03-01

The environmental performance of biogas plant configurations for a demand - oriented biogas supply for flexible power generation is comparatively assessed in this study. Those configurations indicate an increased energy demand to operate the operational enhancements compared to conventional biogas plants supplying biogas for baseload power generation. However, findings show that in contrast to an alternative supply of power generators with natural gas, biogas supplied on demand by adapted biogas plant configurations saves greenhouse gas emissions by 54-65 g CO(2-eq) MJ(-1) and primary energy by about 1.17 MJ MJ(-1). In this regard, configurations with flexible biogas production profit from reduced biogas storage requirements and achieve higher savings compared to configurations with continuous biogas production. Using thicker biogas storage sheeting material reduces the methane permeability of up to 6m(3) d(-1) which equals a reduction of 8% of the configuration's total methane emissions. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Software til nye solceller

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lassen, Lisbeth

2015-01-01

Solceller kan indtil videre kun udnytte en mindre del af solspekteret, så store dele af sollyset går altså tabt uden at kunne blive til energi. Hvis man derimod også kan udnytte det langbølgede lys til at lave energi, så vil man få nogle langt mere effektive solceller med et meget mindre energitab....

Kommentar til Medicinske Nyheder

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dalby, Rikke Beese

2013-01-01

Kommentar til Sullivan MD et al. Association of depression with accelerated cognitive decline among patients with type 2 diabetes in the ACCORD-MIND trial. JAMA Psych 2013;70:1041-7.......Kommentar til Sullivan MD et al. Association of depression with accelerated cognitive decline among patients with type 2 diabetes in the ACCORD-MIND trial. JAMA Psych 2013;70:1041-7....

Alternativer til bande-exit

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mørck, Line Lerche

2016-01-01

interesse-fællesskaber omkring bl.a. malerkunst, åndedrætsøvelser, meditation, yoga, boksning og oplæg om ændringer i eget liv. Med god støtte fra mentor-relationer (som bliver til venskaber), bliver de del af og er samtidig med til at skabe nye meningsfulde fællesskaber, hvor de sammen med andre...

Quantification of the potential for biogas and biogas manure from the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Thomas

2013-09-04

Sep 4, 2013 ... This wasted energy material is equivalent to 9000 L of diesel fuel that currently would cost 9389 ... Key words: Biogas potential, fruit waste, quantification, prediction, biogas manure. ... For example, consumption of fruits and.

Enhanced biogas recovery by applying post-digestion in large-scale centralized biogas plants

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Angelidaki, Irini; Hejnfelt, Anette; Ellegaard, L.

2006-01-01

industry to generate biogas, which is used for electricity and thermal energy. A total of 20 such plants are currently active in Denmark, most of which were included in the investigation. From the plants, samples were obtained from various steps of the process. Samples were analysed and the residual biogas......The main objective of this study was to investigate the degradation efficiency of centralized biogas plants and provide guidance for the design of more efficient digester and post-digestion systems. These centralized biogas plants in Denmark digest manure together with organic waste from the food...... potential determined by batch post-digestion at various temperature levels. Results were correlated with plant characteristics and production statistics in order to judge the efficiency of various digestion concepts. A simplified model based on a two-step biogas production process was developed...

Comparison and analysis of organic components of biogas slurry from eichhornia crassipes solms and corn straw biogas slurry

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Q.; Li, Y. B.; Liu, Z. H.; Min, J.; Cui, Y.; Gao, X. H.

2017-11-01

Biogas slurry is one of anaerobic fermentations, and biomass fermentation biogas slurries with different compositions are different. This paper mainly presents through the anaerobic fermentation of Eichhornia crassipes solms biogas slurry and biogas slurry of corn straw, the organic components of two kinds of biogas slurry after extraction were compared by TLC, HPLC and spectrophotometric determination of nucleic acid and protein of two kinds of biogas slurry organic components, and analyzes the result of comparison.

Small-scale household biogas digesters

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bruun, Sander; Jensen, Lars Stoumann; Khanh Vu, Van Thi

2014-01-01

There are a number of advantages to small-scale biogas production on farms, including savings on firewood or fossil fuels and reductions in odour and greenhouse gas emissions. For these reasons, governments and development aid agencies have supported the installation of biogas digesters. However......, biogas digesters are often poorly managed and there is a lack of proper distribution systems for biogas. This results in methane being released inadvertently through leaks in digesters and tubing, and intentionally when production exceeds demand. As methane has a global warming potential 25 times greater......% of the produced biogas is released, depending on the type of fuel that has been replaced. The limited information available as regards methane leaking from small-scale biogas digesters in developing countries indicates that emissions may be as high as 40%. With the best estimates of global numbers of small...

Fra læsning til literacy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Korsgaard, Klara Aalbæk

2012-01-01

Dette er en brugsbog for lærere i alle fag. Hensigten med bogen er at sætte fokus på det fælles sprog og den fælles tilgang til faglig læsning og skrivning på skolen og at give inspiration til, hvordan faglig læsning og skrivning kan være med til at styrke elevernes faglighed i de enkelte fag. Bo...

Biogas infrastructure from farm-scale to regional scale, line-pack storage in biogas grids

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hengeveld, Evert Jan

2016-01-01

Biogas infrastructure from farm-scale to regional scale, line-pack storage in biogas grids. The number of local and regional initiatives encouraging the production and use of regional produced energy grows. In these new developments biogas can play a role, as a producer of energy, but also in

Small Scale Regenerative Desulfurization of Biogas

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Linders, M.J.G.; Stille, L.C.; Miedema, M.C.; Groenestijn, J.W. van; Goetheer, E.L.V.

2016-01-01

The application of small scale biogas digesters to supply biogas to households in developing countries is well established. The biogas is used for different applications, amongst other cooking. Generally, no further treatment of the biogas is applied. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) is present in varying

Energy recovering and biogas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2005-11-01

In spite of the advantages of the methanation and the biogas valorization, the France is one of the european countries where these energy recovery techniques have less developed. Liquid industrial effluents, sewage sludges, waste waters, oils or vinification residues can be processed to produce biogas. In this innovative context biogas combustion installations will have to anticipate the regulations on CO 2 emissions. (A.L.B.)

Gas fuels for the transport sector; Denmark; Gas til transportsektoren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

2012-07-01

Recent analyses suggest that especially biogas, but also natural gas in macroeconomic terms will be attractive propellants, including for heavy transport. To implement a Danish expansion of gas infrastructure for transportation, the report recommends the following essential elements: 1) A Danish rollout should be closely linked to contracts with fleet owners with heavy vehicles / taxis / vans and the like, thus ensuring high utilization of filling stations; 2) About 10 larger, flexible CNG filling stations set up at major fleet owners is estimated as sufficient for an initial deployment phase, strategically distributed in and around Copenhagen, the major cities and along the main road network from Sweden to Germany; 3) A certain time-limited funding for the construction of infrastructure is likely to cause a rapid spread, if desired, and if other business conditions are in place; 4) There is a need for adjustment of tax terms - the rules for green taxes should be adjusted, and it should be considered to lower the taxes on CNG and biogas; 5) Natural gas mixed with biogas should be an integral element of a comprehensive strategy to ensure maximum CO{sub 2} displacement. (LN)

Progress in biogas II - Biogas production from agricultural biomass and organic residues. Pt. 1. Proceedings; Progress in Biogas II - Biogasproduktion aus landwirtschaftlicher Biomasse und organischen Reststoffen. T. 1. Tagungsband

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2011-08-12

Within the International Congress at the University of Hohenheim (Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany) from 29th March to 1st April, 2011, the following lectures were held: (1) Biogas in Europe (F. Scholwin); (2) Biogas development in China: International Cooperation to up-scale the technology (Z. Li); (3) The methane to markets initiative and opportunities for livestock manure digesters in the United states (C. Voell); (4) Biogas for sanitation in Africa - experiences from creating a sustainable market 2003 to 2010 (M. Lebofa); (5) Are biogas plants in Baden-Wuerttemberg efficient? (M. Stanull); (6) The Estonian theoretical and practical biogas production potential and economically feasible feed-in-tariff for renewable electricity for micro CHP using biogas (A. Oja); (7) Biomass potentials for biogas utilization and the effects on sustainability in Kalugo (P. Fiedler); (8) An Integrated Energy System applied to Milking Dairy Cows (I. Bywater); (9) WINUBIO-Alternative technology to improve Austria's biogas capacity (V. Steinmueller); (10) Interdisciplinary approaches to advances in sustainable biogas production in Europe (S. Kusch); (11) Problems encountered in disseminating biogas technology in Uganda (G. Mabudo); (12) reasons to the success to biogas program in Nepal (K. Dawadi); (13) Effects of increasing biomass production for energetic utilization on soil fertility in the German Federal State on Brandenburg (J. Zimmer); (14) Biogas plants as part of sustainable development within peasant family farms in Germany - Interim results of an empirical field study (A. Bischoff); (15) Life cycle assessment of heat and power generation in biogas fed combined heat and power plants under German conditions (J. Lansche); (16) Biogas from lignocellulosic biomass: interest of pretreatments (H. Carrere); (17) Effect of physical and thermal pre-treatments on biogas yield of some agricultural by-products (P. Balsari); (18) Extrusion pre-treatment of green waste for biogas

Progress in biogas II - Biogas production from agricultural biomass and organic residues. Pt. 1. Proceedings; Progress in Biogas II - Biogasproduktion aus landwirtschaftlicher Biomasse und organischen Reststoffen. T. 1. Tagungsband

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2011-08-12

Within the International Congress at the University of Hohenheim (Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany) from 29th March to 1st April, 2011, the following lectures were held: (1) Biogas in Europe (F. Scholwin); (2) Biogas development in China: International Cooperation to up-scale the technology (Z. Li); (3) The methane to markets initiative and opportunities for livestock manure digesters in the United states (C. Voell); (4) Biogas for sanitation in Africa - experiences from creating a sustainable market 2003 to 2010 (M. Lebofa); (5) Are biogas plants in Baden-Wuerttemberg efficient? (M. Stanull); (6) The Estonian theoretical and practical biogas production potential and economically feasible feed-in-tariff for renewable electricity for micro CHP using biogas (A. Oja); (7) Biomass potentials for biogas utilization and the effects on sustainability in Kalugo (P. Fiedler); (8) An Integrated Energy System applied to Milking Dairy Cows (I. Bywater); (9) WINUBIO-Alternative technology to improve Austria's biogas capacity (V. Steinmueller); (10) Interdisciplinary approaches to advances in sustainable biogas production in Europe (S. Kusch); (11) Problems encountered in disseminating biogas technology in Uganda (G. Mabudo); (12) reasons to the success to biogas program in Nepal (K. Dawadi); (13) Effects of increasing biomass production for energetic utilization on soil fertility in the German Federal State on Brandenburg (J. Zimmer); (14) Biogas plants as part of sustainable development within peasant family farms in Germany - Interim results of an empirical field study (A. Bischoff); (15) Life cycle assessment of heat and power generation in biogas fed combined heat and power plants under German conditions (J. Lansche); (16) Biogas from lignocellulosic biomass: interest of pretreatments (H. Carrere); (17) Effect of physical and thermal pre-treatments on biogas yield of some agricultural by-products (P. Balsari); (18) Extrusion pre-treatment of green waste for

Geodata til mere end kort

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kjems, Erik

2014-01-01

I takt med at megen af den information vi forsøger at fastholde med bl.a. geodata bliver tilgængelige som realtids information, må vores systemer og databeskrivelser nødvendigvis tilpasses disse nye udfordringer. Vores ønske om stadig flere informationer øger kravene til systemerne og organisatio...... organisationen omkring geodata. Når der er tale om "Big Data" og "Internet of Things" kan netop georeferencen spille en afgørende rolle, fordi den kan bidrage til at holde styr på datastrømmene. Er vores fælles nationale geodatagrundlag klar til denne rolle?...

At formidle musikterapi til lægmand

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hannibal, Niels Jørgensen

2015-01-01

Denne artikel omhandler at formidle musikterapi til lægmand. Det vil sige til personer, der ikke har specielle forudsætninger for, at forstå det som sker i musikterapi, og hvorfor musikterapi er egnet til psykiatriske problemstillinger og hvordan det virker. Artiklen giver fire eksempler på hvord...

Biogas Koczala. Biogas project in Koczala. Feasibility study. Technical report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2004-08-01

The present production of district heating in Koczala is based on coal. The district heating system is worn out technically and economically and according to the 2001 Energy Plan of Koczala the district heating plant shall be converted to a combination of a biogas fired CHP and a wood chip boiler. The overall objective of this project is to access the feasibility and viability construction an operation of a biogas plant owned by the co-operative agricultural company, Poldanor S.A. The feasibility study includes: 1) Availability of organic waste in the Koczala area, 2) Possibilities of using energy crops in the biogas plant, 3) Possibilities of receiving grants from the Polish National Fund for Environmental Protection, the new EU regional funds and through the joint implementation market (CO 2 quotas), 4) Alternative locations of the biogas plant and the CHP unit, 5) Alternative strategies for selling electricity and heat, 6) Organisational issues (ownership). This report concludes that implementing the biogas project is environmentally and financially feasible and viable. If organic waste and/or maize silage can be provided and gasified without problems, the plant can supply as well the Koczala farm as the fodder mill with steam and heat, and also supply Koczala district heating system with approx. 75% of yearly heat consumption. Furthermore, electricity is supplied to the fodder mill and the public grid. (BA)

Natural attenuation of biogas in landfill covers; Attenuazione naturale del flusso di biogas nella copertura superficiale delle discariche

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cossu, R.; Privato, A.; Raga, R. [Padova Univ., Padova (Italy). IMAGE, Dipartimento di Idraulica, Marittima, Ambiente e Geotecnica; Zane, M. [SPINOFF S.R.L., Padova (Italy)

2005-08-01

In the risk evaluation of uncontrolled biogas emissions from landfills, the process of natural attenuation in landfill covers assumes a very important role. The capacity of biogas oxidation in the cover soils seems to be the most important control to mitigate the biogas emission during the aftercare period when the biogas collection system might fail. In the present paper laboratory experiences on lab columns to study the biogas oxidation are discussed. [Italian] Nella valutazione del pericolo di emissioni incontrollate di biogas da una discarica, il processo dell'attenuazione naturale della copertura superficiale assume un ruolo molto importante. La capacita' di ossidazione del biogas nel terreno di copertura sembra rappresentare il controllo piu' importante nella mitigazione di fughe incontrollate di biogas, soprattutto nel lungo periodo quando la captazione del biogas perde efficienza. Nel presente lavoro si riportano alcune esperienze di laboratorio per valutare l'ossidazione di metano in diverse tipologie di copertura.

Investigation of factors influencing biogas production in a large-scale thermophilic municipal biogas plant

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weiss, Agnes; Jerome, Valerie; Freitag, Ruth [Bayreuth Univ. (Germany). Chair for Process Biotechnology; Burghardt, Diana; Likke, Likke; Peiffer, Stefan [Bayreuth Univ. (Germany). Dept. of Hydrology; Hofstetter, Eugen M. [RVT Process Equipment GmbH, Steinwiesen (Germany); Gabler, Ralf [BKW Biokraftwerke Fuerstenwalde GmbH, Fuerstenwalde (Germany)

2009-10-15

A continuously operated, thermophilic, municipal biogas plant was observed over 26 months (sampling twice per month) in regard to a number of physicochemical parameters and the biogas production. Biogas yields were put in correlation to parameters such as the volatile fatty acid concentration, the pH and the ammonium concentration. When the residing microbiota was classified via analysis of the 16S rRNA genes, most bacterial sequences matched with unidentified or uncultured bacteria from similar habitats. Of the archaeal sequences, 78.4% were identified as belonging to the genus Methanoculleus, which has not previously been reported for biogas plants, but is known to efficiently use H{sub 2} and CO{sub 2} produced by the degradation of fatty acids by syntrophic microorganisms. In order to further investigate the influence of varied amounts of ammonia (2-8 g/L) and volatile fatty acids on biogas production and composition (methane/CO{sub 2}), laboratory scale satellite experiments were performed in parallel to the technical plant. Finally, ammonia stripping of the process water of the technical plant was accomplished, a measure through which the ammonia entering the biogas reactor via the mash could be nearly halved, which increased the energy output of the biogas plant by almost 20%. (orig.)

Life cycle analysis of biogas from residues; Livscykelanalys av biogas fraan restprodukter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tufvesson, Linda; Lantz, Mikael [Dep. for Miljoe- och Energisystem, Lunds Tekniska Hoegskola, Lund (Sweden)

2012-06-15

The purpose of this study is to carry out life cycle assessments for different biogas systems where biogas is produced from different residues. The investigated residues are distiller's waste, rapeseed cake, whey permeate, concentrated whey permeate, fodder milk, fish residues, bakery residues and glycerol. The environmental impact categories included are climate change, eutrophication, acidification, photochemical ozone creation potential, particles and energy balance. The calculations include emissions from technical systems, especially the energy input in various operations and processes. A general conclusion is that all studied residues are very well suited for production of biogas if there is no demand for them as animal feed today. All biogas systems also reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases compared to petrol and diesel and meet the requirements presented in the EU renewable energy directive (RED). The results of the study also show that the investigated biogas systems are complex and many different parameters affect the result. These parameters are both integrated in the life cycle assessment method, but also in the inventory data used.

4 trin til succesfuld samskabelse

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hald Larsen, Stine

2014-01-01

Samskabelsesprojekter mellem offentlige, frivillige og private organisationer er en vigtig kilde til innovation. Som leder af samskabelse skal du tage initiativ til og facilitere forhandlingsprocesser, så alle parter får noget ud af samarbejdet. Læs her, hvordan du leder en forhandlingsproces i f...

Madaffald fra storkøkkener

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kromann, Lisbeth; Madsen, Anne Seth; Schmidt, Jannick

og forbehandle affaldet til bioforgasning. Biogas har nogle fordele Undersøgelsen viser, at biogas, forbrænding og kompostering alle er velegnede alternative metoder til at håndtere madaffald fra storkøkkener. Der er ikke umiddelbart problemer med teknik eller håndtering ved indsamling, forbehandling......Grise må ikke længere spise madaffald fra storkøkkener. Det er konsekvensen af en ny EU forordning. Derfor skal madaffaldet udnyttes på anden vis. Et projekt har miljøvurderet de tre alternativer: Biogas, forbrænding og kompostering. Det sidste er uomtvisteligt den dårligste løsning, når man ser på...... miljøeffekter, ressourceforbrug og affald. Biogas og forbrænding er de bedste løsninger. Overordnet er biogas en bedre løsning end forbrænding, fordi der bruges færre ressourcer og produceres mindre affald. Derimod afhænger udfaldet for miljøeffekternes vedkommende af, hvilket system man vælger til at indsamle...

Terpenes removal from biogas; Terpenenverwijdering uit biogas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schulze, P.; Holstein, J.; De Haan, HR.; Vlap, H. [DNV KEMA, Arnhem (Netherlands)

2013-06-15

Biogas may contain unwanted and harmful components, including aromatic hydrocarbons such as terpenes. These terpenes (organic oils) are mainly present in citrus peel and plant residues; that is why especially raw biogas from organic waste digestion plants contains high concentrations of terpenes. If terpenes end up in the gas grid (with the injected biomethane) there is a risk that plastics (PE pipes) lose their mechanical properties by absorbing liquids or extracting ethereal plasticizers. This can lead to embrittlement greatly lowering the reliability of the piping. In addition, soft components are als o affected (gaskets and rubber O-rings). Besides the impact on the integrity of the gas grid, terpenes also mask the odor of natural gas odorants such as THT. This impedes the detection of gas leaks which is a significant security risk. Furthermore, the presence of terpenes in biogas leads to fouling of equipment used for the drying of biomethane, as well as contamination of adsorption liquids and membranes used in the upgrading process. Currently, terpenes are removed by activated carbon filters. The tool life of such a filter can be relatively short if terpene concentrations are high in the biogas; this results in a significant increase of the operational costs, due to the replacement of the carbon. This study looked at alternative techniques for removing much of the terpenes from biogas in a simple, efficient and cheap way. In a workshop with stakeholders two techniques were chosen to be tested on laboratory scale in order to demonstrate the proof of principle. These techniques are photo-oxydation and a gas scrubbing. Of all investigated techniques for the removal of limonene the application of UV radiation seems to be the most promising option because of the simplicity of the process, the high efficiency (up to 94%), the comparable operational costs with activated carbon (6.7 to 9.5 euro/kg limonene removed, compared to 10 euro/kg limonene removed for activated

Brug af mindfulness til facilitering

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Adriansen, Hanne Kirstine; Krohn, Simon

2011-01-01

Gennem de senere år er mindfulness gået fra udelukkende at være en eksistentiel praksis til også at være en behandlingsform og senest til også at blive brugt som et praktisk redskab i erhvervslivet. Denne artikel viser, at mindfulness også kan anvendes i forbindelse med facilitering. Facilitering...... er et værktøj, som bruges i arbejdslivet fx til møder og konferencer, hvor en gruppe mennesker er samlet for at lære eller udrette noget sammen. Det nye ved at kombinere mindfulness med facilitering er, at fokus hermed ændres fra individet, som er centrum for den eksistentielle fordybelse eller det...... terapeutiske forløb, til gruppen, som er udgangspunktet i facilitering. Artiklen viser, hvordan mindfulness konkret kan bruges på gruppeniveau og diskuterer samtidig hvilke problemer, der kan være forbundet hermed. Baseret på vores egne erfaringer, diskuterer vi, hvordan mindfulness kan påvirke en gruppes...

Retsplejelovens regulering af politiets adgang til teledata

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lentz, Lene Wacher

2017-01-01

Politiet kan som led i en strafferetlig efterforskning få adgang til en række data om telekommunikation efter retsplejeloven, hvis regulering nu må revideres i lyset af ”Tele2-sagen”, hvor EU-domstolen fandt, at en generel logningspligt for teleudbyderne til at sikre teledata til brug for eventue...

Norsk inspiration til uddannelse og job

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Skovhus, Randi Boelskifte; Thomsen, Rie; Buhl, Rita

2017-01-01

Anmeldelse af bog om det norske fag Utdanningsvalg - inspiration til arbejde med uddannelse og job......Anmeldelse af bog om det norske fag Utdanningsvalg - inspiration til arbejde med uddannelse og job...

Biogas production and biogas as vehicle fuel - Swedish experiences

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lindberg, A E [VBB Viak AB, Stockholm (Sweden)

1997-08-01

In Sweden there are totally about 220 biogas plants in operation. The major part of these plants (134) are represented by sewage sludge treatment facilities at waste water treatment plants. At 60 sites the biogas is generated from landfills or cell digesters at landfills. In 1996, the amount produced had a total energy content of about 1,35 TWh (or 4 900 PJ). (EG)

Biogas - a new energy source saves fossil resources; Biogas - mit neuer Energie Ressourcen schonen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thoss, C. (comp.)

2001-07-01

The new German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) of 2000 made conditions for biogas more favourable - small wonder, as the German Biogas Association (Fachverband Biogas e.V.) co-operated with written expert opinions and many discussions with decision-makers. The subjects discussed at the 10th Biogas Conference reflect the current situation and will provide a basis for committee work in 2001. [German] Im Jahr 2000 haben sich die gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen fuer den Biogasbereich mit dem Inkrafttreten des erneuerbaren Energiegesetz (EEG) sehr positiv entwickelt. Der Fachverband Biogas e.V. hat mit schriftlichen Stellungnahmen und in vielen Gespraechen mit Entscheidungstraegern diese Bedingungen mitgestaltet. In Zukunft gibt es noch viele Aufgaben fuer eine effektive Interessenvertretung der Biogasbranche auf Laender- und Bundesebene. Die Themen, die auf der 10. Biogastagung diskutiert werden, spiegeln die Fragen wieder, die unter Experten derzeit intensiv diskutiert werden. Die Ergebnisse des Erfahrungsaustausches auf dieser Tagung werden die Grundlage fuer die Arbeit der Gremien im Fachverband Biogas im Jahr 2001 sein. Mit dem vorliegenden Tagungsband ist es gelungen, die Basis fuer die fachlichen Gespraeche waehrend und nach der Tagung schaffen. (orig.)

Hydrogen assisted biological biogas upgrading

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bassani, Ilaria

Wind and biomass are promoted worldwide as sustainable forms of energy. Anaerobic digestion of biomass produces biogas with ∼50−70% CH4 and 30−50% CO2. However, biogas with >90% CH4 content has higher heating value, can be injected into the natural gas grid or used as alternative to natural gas...... as vehicle fuel. Methods currently available for biogas upgrading mainly consists of physicochemical CO2 removal, requiring the use of chemical substances and energy input and, thus, increasing process costs. This PhD project proposes an alternative to existing biogas upgrading technologies, where H2......, produced by water electrolysis, using excess of electricity from wind mills, is coupled with the CO2 contained in the biogas to convert them to CH4. This process is defined as biological biogas upgrading and is carried out by hydrogenotrophic methanogenic archaea that couples CO2 with H2 to produce...

Conversion of the biogas from sewage to electric power; Conversao do biogas proveniente de esgoto em eletricidade

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coelho, Suani Teixeira; Velazquez, Silvia Maria Stortini Gonzalez; Martins, Osvaldo Stella; Abreu, Fernando Castro de [Universidade de Sao Paulo, , SP (Brazil). Inst. de Eletrotecnica e Energia. Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (CENBIO)]. E-mails: suani@iee.usp.br; sgvelaz@iee.usp.br; omartins@iee.usp.br; fcabreu@terra.com.br

2006-07-01

This article presents the ENERG-BIOG project, electric power generation by using 30 kW (ISO) microturbines with biogas generated in the process of sewage treatment of the Sewage Treatment Station (ETE) from SABESP (Basic Sanitation Company of the Sao Paulo State) in Barueri, BR. It is a pioneer project at Latin America, being jointly accomplished with Biomass Users Network of Brazil (proponent), and CENBIO - Biomass Reference National Center (executor), supported by the FINEP/CT-ENERG (financial support)

Biogas Opportunities Roadmap Progress Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

None, None

2015-12-01

In support of the Obama Administration's Climate Action Plan, the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Department of Agriculture jointly released the Biogas Opportunities Roadmap Progress Report, updating the federal government's progress to reduce methane emissions through biogas systems since the Biogas Opportunities Roadmap was completed by the three agencies in July 2014. The report highlights actions taken, outlines challenges and opportunities, and identifies next steps to the growth of a robust biogas industry.

Bidrag til automatisering af ortofotomosaikfremstilling

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vestergaard, Jacob Schack; Andersen, Simon G.; Nielsen, Allan Aasbjerg

Mosaikker af nabo-ortofotos, der udgør et vigtigt element i dagens automatiske kortfremstilling og -opdatering, laves i dag ved håndkraft. Her vil vi vise en vigtig byggeklods til automatisering af denne proces. Der findes metoder, der baserer sig på den såkaldte “bidirectional reflectance...... bestemt ortofoto typisk vil skulle kalibreres til flere nabo-ortofotos. Disse flere kalibreringer vil iblandt være i modstrid med hinanden. For eksempel kan en kalibrering til et ortofoto mod nord udsige, at pixels i ortofotoet skal have en højere værdi samtidigt med, at ortofotoet mod vest kræver en...

Afgivelse af formue til trusts

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Feldthusen, Rasmus Kristian

2009-01-01

Kravet om at en stifter skal have foretaget en "uigenkaldelig og effektiv udskillelse" for at dansk skatteret vil anerkende at der foreligger en trust vurderes. Kravet er senest lagt til grund i SKM 2009.249 SR. Forfatteren opfordrer til, at SKAT i stedet foretager en konkret vurdering af selve...

Biogas from farms will be tomorrow's fuel; 'Biogas vom Bauer wird zum Treibstoff von morgen'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bruecker, U [ITZ Innovations Transfer Zentralschweiz, Horw (Switzerland); Limacher, L; Krummenacher, S [Energie Treuhand ETL AG, Lucerne (Switzerland); Schmid, J [Schmid Management und Kommunikation AG, Chur (Switzerland)

2003-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy presents the results of a preliminary study on the technical, logistical and economic possibilities of agricultural biogas production for use as motor fuel. The study was made for a geographically limited region in the Swiss Canton of Lucerne. The reason for the choice of this area - which exhibits a high density of cattle and fowl - and its high potential for the production of biogas from animal excrements are discussed. The economic viability of three possible variants of biogas usage are discussed - its use as a fuel for electricity generation, the processing of the biogas and its injection into the natural gas mains and storage of the biogas in compressed-gas cylinders. Also, the relevance of biogas production in terms of environmental protection is emphasised - ammonia emissions from liquid manure poses a serious problem for the region. Further, political and market development aspects are discussed.

Metagenomic binning reveals the functional roles of core abundant microorganisms in twelve full-scale biogas plants

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Campanaro, Stefano; Treu, Laura; Kougias, Panagiotis

2018-01-01

and environmental factors on MAGs abundance and to investigate the methanogenic performance of the biogas plants. Prediction of the functional properties of MAGs was obtained analyzing their KEGG pathways and their carbohydrate active domains. Network analysis allowed investigation of species-species associations......The aim of this work was to elucidate the microbial ecology in twelve mesophilic and thermophilic full-scale biogas plants using a genome-centric metagenomic approach. In this study both biogas plants treating manure and those treating sludge from waste water treatment plants were considered...... and shed light on syntrophic interactions between members belonging to the anaerobic digestion dark matter (phylum Fermentibacteria). By stratifying and comparing different levels of information, it was predicted that some MAGs have a crucial role in the manure-supplemented thermophilic biogas plants...

Retten til Privatliv på nettet

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hasselbalch, Gry

2014-01-01

Retten til privatliv er gennem udviklingen af internettet forblevet den samme fundamentale rettighed. Men udviklingen fra én type samfund til en anden har fremtvunget en fortolkning af rettigheden i en online-kontekst....

Arbejdsmiljøseminarer som en metode til at skabe motivation, ansvar og ejerskab til sikkerhedsarbejdet

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pedersen, Louise

2011-01-01

arbejdsmiljøseminarer som en ny metode til på en meningsfuld måde systematisk at involvere mellemlederne og de ansatte i virksomhedernes sikkerhedsarbejde og dermed potentielt at fremme deres motivation, ansvar og ejerskab til dette. Arbejdsmiljøseminarer tager udgangspunkt i de ansattes faglige ekspertise og...

Fra problem til færdig opgave

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjerrum, Merete

Fra problem til færdig opgave er blevet til på baggrund af erfaringer fra undervisning og vejledning af studerendes forskellige sundhedsfaglige uddannelser. Den søger at besvare nogle af de mange spørgsmål, studerende har stillet i forbindelse med undervisning og vejledning. Bogen beskriver...... opgavestrukturen, som er den samme uanset, om det er en mindre eller en større opgave. Fra problem til færdig opgave henvender sig til studerende på de videregående sundhedsuddannelser, herunder de social- og sundhedsfaglige professionsbacheloruddannelser samt de første semestre af de social- og sundhedsfaglige...

Methodology for Analysing Energy Demand in Biogas Production Plants—A Comparative Study of Two Biogas Plants

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emma Lindkvist

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Biogas production through anaerobic digestion may play an important role in a circular economy because of the opportunity to produce a renewable fuel from organic waste. However, the production of biogas may require energy in the form of heat and electricity. Therefore, resource-effective biogas production must consider both biological and energy performance. For the individual biogas plant to improve its energy performance, a robust methodology to analyse and evaluate the energy demand on a detailed level is needed. Moreover, to compare the energy performance of different biogas plants, a methodology with a consistent terminology, system boundary and procedure is vital. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology for analysing the energy demand in biogas plants on a detailed level. In the methodology, the energy carriers are allocated to: (1 sub-processes (e.g., pretreatment, anaerobic digestion, gas cleaning, (2 unit processes (e.g., heating, mixing, pumping, lighting and (3 a combination of these. For a thorough energy analysis, a combination of allocations is recommended. The methodology was validated by applying it to two different biogas plants. The results show that the methodology is applicable to biogas plants with different configurations of their production system.

Norsk inspiration til Næstved

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bagger, Bettan

2007-01-01

Udveksling er ikke et ukendt fænomen i sygeplejerskeuddannelsen – der er en livlig trafik af studerende – ikke bare i norden, men uddannelsen sender studerende ud til flere mere eller mindre eksotiske steder i verden og modtager tilsvarende studerende fra samme. Dette er til stor glæde, gavn og u...

Biotechnological intensification of biogas production

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bagi, Z.; Acs, N.; Balint, B.; Horvath, L.; Dobo, K.; Perei, K.R.; Rakhely, G.; Kovacs, K.L. [Szeged Univ. (Hungary). Dept. of Biotechnology; Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged (Hungary). Inst. of Biophysics

2007-08-15

The importance of syntrophic relationships among microorganisms participating in biogas formation has been emphasized, and the regulatory role of in situ hydrogen production has been recognized. It was assumed that the availability of hydrogen may be a limiting factor for hydrogenotrophic methanogens. This hypothesis was tested under laboratory and field conditions by adding a mesophilic (Enterobacter cloacae) or thermophilic hydrogen-producing (Caldicellulosyruptor saccharolyticus) strain to natural biogas-producing consortia. The substrates were waste water sludge, dried plant biomass from Jerusalem artichoke, and pig manure. In all cases, a significant intensification of biogas production was observed. The composition of the generated biogas did not noticeably change. In addition to being a good hydrogen producer, C. saccharolyticus has cellulolytic activity; hence, it is particularly suitable when cellulose-containing biomass is fermented. The process was tested in a 5-m{sup 3} thermophilic biogas digester using pig manure slurry as a substrate. Biogas formation increased at least 160-170% upon addition of the hydrogen-producing bacteria as compared to the biogas production of the spontaneously formed microbial consortium. Using the hydrogenase-minus control strain provided evidence that the observed enhancement was due to interspecies hydrogen transfer. The on-going presence of C. saccharolyticus was demonstrated after several months of semicontinuous operation. (orig.)

Improvement of Biogas Production by Bioaugmentation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

K. L. Kovács

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Biogas production technologies commonly involve the use of natural anaerobic consortia of microbes. The objective of this study was to elucidate the importance of hydrogen in this complex microbial food chain. Novel laboratory biogas reactor prototypes were designed and constructed. The fates of pure hydrogen-producing cultures of Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus and Enterobacter cloacae were followed in time in thermophilic and mesophilic natural biogas-producing communities, respectively. Molecular biological techniques were applied to study the altered ecosystems. A systematic study in 5-litre CSTR digesters revealed that a key fermentation parameter in the maintenance of an altered population balance is the loading rate of total organic solids. Intensification of the biogas production was observed and the results corroborate that the enhanced biogas productivity is associated with the increased abundance of the hydrogen producers. Fermentation parameters did not indicate signs of failure in the biogas production process. Rational construction of more efficient and sustainable biogas-producing microbial consortia is proposed.

Improvement of Biogas Production by Bioaugmentation

Science.gov (United States)

Kovács, K. L.; Ács, N.; Kovács, E.; Wirth, R.; Rákhely, G.; Strang, Orsolya; Herbel, Zsófia; Bagi, Z.

2013-01-01

Biogas production technologies commonly involve the use of natural anaerobic consortia of microbes. The objective of this study was to elucidate the importance of hydrogen in this complex microbial food chain. Novel laboratory biogas reactor prototypes were designed and constructed. The fates of pure hydrogen-producing cultures of Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus and Enterobacter cloacae were followed in time in thermophilic and mesophilic natural biogas-producing communities, respectively. Molecular biological techniques were applied to study the altered ecosystems. A systematic study in 5-litre CSTR digesters revealed that a key fermentation parameter in the maintenance of an altered population balance is the loading rate of total organic solids. Intensification of the biogas production was observed and the results corroborate that the enhanced biogas productivity is associated with the increased abundance of the hydrogen producers. Fermentation parameters did not indicate signs of failure in the biogas production process. Rational construction of more efficient and sustainable biogas-producing microbial consortia is proposed. PMID:23484123

Biogas in China 1981 - a travel report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frostell, B; Norrman, J

1982-03-01

Biogas is formed by anaerobic fermentation of organic material. In China there are about seven million biogas units of family size distributed all over the country. Biogas is produced from manure,feces, domestic wastes and straw. The gas is used above all for cooking and lighting in the homes. Other advantages with biogas are that wood-firing has declined drastically, the forest is saved, the state of health in the villages has improved (the drinking water is boiled) and the out-put from the biogasplants is an excellent medium for plant nourishment and soil benefaction. The main reasons for the fast advancement of biogas technology in China compared with other countries are:- The benefits of the biogas technology have been viewed from a broad perspective. - Great resources have been allocated to the development of the biogas technology. - An effective organisation for dissemination of biogas technology has been formed. - Simple and inexpensive units have been developed. A conclusion from the visit is that Sweden has much to learn from the Chinese biogas programme. Not so much concerning technology development, but rather about the dissemination of the biogas technology.

Use of biogas in PEM fuel cells; Einsatz von Biogas in PEM-Brennstoffzellen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scholz, Volkhard; Schmersahl, Ralf; Ellner, Janine (comps.)

2009-06-15

This research project was dedicated to two problems: 1. What demands must biogas meet in order to conform to the specifications of PEM fuel cell systems and permit safe operation? 2. How must a fuel cell system be designed and operated in order to be well-adapted to the special features of biogas as opposed to natural gas? For this purpose biogas samples were taken from laboratory-scale and commercial plants and analysed by gas chromatography using various substrates and methods. By combining this with the use of a mass spectroscopy detector (GC-MS system) it was possible to perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis of sulphurious trace gases in the biogas which might cause damage to the fuel cell system. Investigations were performed on an experimental reformer using either modelled or native biogas of different compositions, the intent being to obtain information for the design of the individual process stages. The two operating parameters steam-methane ratio (or S/C ratio) and reforming temperature were varied to optimise parameter settings in terms of energy efficiency. By linking the reformer to a 500 W fuel cell it was possible confirm the suitability of the reformed biogas for use in fuel cells. [German] In diesm Forschungsvorhaben werden zwei Fragestellungen bearbeitet: 1. Welche Anforderungen ergeben sich an das Biogas, um den Spezifikationen von PEM-Brennstoffzellensystemen zu genuegen und eine sicheren Betrieb zu ermoeglichen? 2. Wie muss das Brennstoffzellensystem ausgelegt und gefuehrt werden, um den Besonderheiten von Biogas im Vergleich zu Erdgas Rechnung zu tragen? Dazu wurden Biogasproben aus Labor- und Praxisanlagen unter Beruecksichtigung unterschiedlicher Substrate und Verfahren gaschromatisch analysiert. Die Kopplung mit einem massenspektroskopischen Detektor (GC-MS System) ermoeglicht dabei die Qualifizierung und Quantifizierung der vorhandenen schwefelhaltigen Spurengase, die eine Schaedigung von Brennstoffzellenanlagen verursachen. Die

En dronning kom til byen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Storm, Rasmus K.

2009-01-01

Det er ganske rigtig et af dansk håndbolds mest dramatiske kapitler Dan Philipsen beskriver i sin bog om Anja Andersens eventyr i Slagelse: 'En dronning kom til byen'. Bogen er velskrevet, og er i sin form en velsignet god gang underholdning til natbordet. Problemet er bare, at man kan have svært...

Biogas composition and engine performance, including database and biogas property model

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bruijstens, A.J.; Beuman, W.P.H.; Molen, M. van der; Rijke, J. de; Cloudt, R.P.M.; Kadijk, G.; Camp, O.M.G.C. op den; Bleuanus, W.A.J.

2008-01-01

In order to enable this evaluation of the current biogas quality situation in the EU; results are presented in a biogas database. Furthermore the key gas parameter Sonic Bievo Index (influence on open loop A/F-ratio) is defined and other key gas parameters like the Methane Number (knock resistance)

En kommentar til Becks model

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Philipps, Morten; Andersen, Thomas Dyreborg

2014-01-01

Flipped classroom – en trend vi må forholde os til Online læringsressourcer har de sidste par år fået mange til at indse at teknologien har noget radikalt andet at byde på, og dette har skabt en populær didaktik kaldet flipped classroom som vi både ser vinde indpas i folkeskolen og på...... Professionshøjskolen Metropol hvor vi er ansat. Kommentaren her retter sig mod en tidligere bragt artikel i MONA, “Det virtuelle læringsrums topologi” af Claus Jessen. Vi argumenterer for at den didaktiske model flipped classrooms brug af video, frem for tavleundervisning, kan frigøre undervisningstid til at arbejde...

Biogas in Alsace: potential, economic study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maurer, Michel

2004-01-01

The purpose of this work is to determine the potential of biogas production in Alsace. Every fields that could provide organic matter for anaerobic fermentation are first identified, and the energy corresponding to the theoretical production of biogas is then quantified. By knowing these rates, the effective development of biogas production is then discussed and oriented to the agricultural field. The technical and economical aspects of the production of biogas in a farm are then described. The biogas issue, approached thanks to some visits of existing sites and the creation of a simulation software, leads to a specific analysis among the whole Alsatian estates. The study presents finally the real opportunities of development for two pilot projects in Alsace, knowing the specific context for farm biogas production in France. (author) [fr

Fra bog til film

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schepelern, Peter

2010-01-01

Efter en historisk oversigt over samspillet mellem film og litteratur i dansk film, opstilles en råkke begreber, som filmatiseringer kan analyseres ud fra. Der ses pa det litteråre vårks status — evt. som klassiker eller bestseller. Der ses pa de centrale filmatiseringsproblemer, forhold som pråger...... adaptionsprocessen fra bog til film. De kan opdeles dels i forhold, der udspringer af filmsprogets specifikke sys- tem, dels forhold, der udspringer af filmens status som massemedium. Den färste kategori er pråget af, at filmsproget generelt fremstiller handling snarere end refleksion, noget konkret snarere end...... noget abstrakt, en scene snarere end et resume og det ydre snarere det indre. Den anden kategori kan forklare filmens tilbäjelighed til åndring af forlågget, til forkortelse, forenkling og modernisering. Eksemplerne er en råkke centrale danske film/romaner...

Biogas as a renewable energy fuel – A review of biogas upgrading, utilisation and storage

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ullah Khan, Imran; Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Mohd; Hashim, Haslenda; Matsuura, Takeshi; Ismail, A.F.; Rezaei-DashtArzhandi, M.; Wan Azelee, I.

2017-01-01

Highlights: • It is attempted to provide critical considerations on various biogas upgrading techniques. • Membrane is an environmentally and economically sound technique for purification. • Purified biogas in compressed form is a substitute of compressed natural gas for vehicles. • Charged mass and compressor input work are the most important factors for storage. - Abstract: Biogas upgrading is a widely studied and discussed topic and its utilisation as a natural gas substitute has gained a significant attention in recent years. The production of biomethane provides a versatile application in both heat and power generation and as a vehicular fuel. This paper systematically reviews the state of the art of biogas upgrading technologies with upgrading efficiency, methane (CH 4 ) loss, environmental effect, development and commercialisation, and challenges in terms of energy consumption and economic assessment. The market situation for biogas upgrading has changed rapidly in recent years, making the membrane separation gets significant market share with traditional biogas upgrading technologies. In addition, the potential utilisation of biogas, efficient conversion into bio-compressed natural gas (bio-CNG), and storage systems are investigated in depth. Two storing systems for bio-CNG at filling stations, namely buffer and cascade storage systems are used. The best storage system should be selected on the basis of the advantages of both systems. Also, the fuel economy and mass emissions for bio-CNG and CNG filled vehicles are studied. There is the same fuel economy and less carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission for bio-CNG. Based on the results of comparisons between the technical features of upgrading technologies, various specific requirements for biogas utilisation and the relevant investment, and operating and maintenance costs, future recommendations are made for biogas upgrading.

International scientific conference biogas science 2009. Vol. 2. Lectures; Internationale Wissenschaftstagung Biogas Science 2009. Bd. 2. Vortraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2009-12-15

Within the international conference of the Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (Munich, Federal Republic of Germany) at 2nd to 4th December, 2009, in Erding (Federal Republic of Germany), the following lectures were held: (1) Design and application of a functional oligonucleotide microarray for the identification of cellulose genes and their expression in (different) biogas Fermenters (M. Engel et al.); (2) Evaluation of the potential of hygienisation of the biogas process with regard to phytogenic damage exciter (R. Friedrich et al.); (3) Prevalence and role of hydrolytic bacteria in mesophilic and thermophilic biogas reactors (V.V. Zverlov et al.); (4) System analysis of biogas plants by means of microbiologic and molecular biologic methods: Comparison of hyperthermophilic (60 C) and thermophilic (55 C) (P. Scherer et al.); (5) Methanogenic archaea in agricultural biogas plants (E. Nettmann et al.); (6) Population dynamics of methanogens during acidification of biogas Fermenters fed with maize silage - a causal analysis (M. Lebuhn et al.); (7) Advanced interpretation of anaerobic batch tests - Conclusions for the practical operation (S. Meier et al.); (8) Development of a NIRS calibration for the determination of the biogas yield of maize (B. Darnhofer et al.); (9) Hydrogen and methane: Enhanced methane as well as hydrogen production and increased process stability by Sensorik control (N. Weran); (10) Stable carbon isotopes: A new laser method for the process analysis and identification of microbiologic reactions in the biogas process (S. Laukenmann et al.); (11) Biogas from grass silage - measurements and modelling (K. Koch et al.); (12) Mathematical modelling of the mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobe fermentation of maize silage (M. Luebken et al.); (13) The basket of benefit methodology as a tool for the comparison of electricity, heat, and fuel production from energy crops, exemplified by different utilization pathways for biogas (M. Bystricky et

Sustainable protein from biogas. The perspective of susteine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oosterhuis, N.; Hooijer, H.

2007-12-01

Production of single-cell protein (Susteine) on the basis of biogas (methane) from manure digestion might be an interesting option to reduce the amounts of manure from cattle, pigs and poultry and also might be an option for a sustainable production of high-value protein. An earlier made investigation leaded to the conclusion that many questions had to be answered to make a better picture of this opportunity for the Dutch agricultural society. In this study we investigated the feasibility of such a process and product. It is concluded that the product will be accepted in the market as long as the HACCP-requirements which are applicable in the feed production are fulfilled. The product as such, assuming that the quality is comparable to the product as was produced by Norferm, could get an attractive position especially in the application for piglets. A quantity of 10.000 t/y could easily be sold in this market segment. Of course the product first has to be registered, which needs additional studies. Technically we foresee no major hurdles in the production of Susteine on basis of methane from biogas. The biogas has to be purified to such a quality that SCP-production is feasible, however, technologies are available. It needs a further investigation to establish the quality requirements for such a process. The scale of operation of the biogas installation creates a financial-economic problem. In order to produce 10.000 t protein / year, a quantity of 30-35 million m 3 of biogas is needed, for which 2 million ton of manure has to be digested. In case a centralized production of gas and protein is foreseen, the number of transport movements will be unacceptable. Besides the quantity of manure to be transported also approximately the same amount of digested material has to be transported. A unique opportunity in The Netherlands is the presence of a pipe network for natural gas. Such a network could serve as a transport system of locally produced, purified, biogas and a

Natural attenuation of biogas in landfill covers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cossu, R.; Privato, A.; Raga, R.

2005-01-01

In the risk evaluation of uncontrolled biogas emissions from landfills, the process of natural attenuation in landfill covers assumes a very important role. The capacity of biogas oxidation in the cover soils seems to be the most important control to mitigate the biogas emission during the aftercare period when the biogas collection system might fail. In the present paper laboratory experiences on lab columns to study the biogas oxidation are discussed [it

Harvesting biogas from wastewater sludge and food waste

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chua, K H; Cheah, W L; Leong, Y P; Tan, C F

2013-01-01

Wastewater sludge and food waste are good source of biogas. Anaerobic treatment of slude and food waste able to produce biogas which is a potential renewable energy source. This study looks into the potential biogas generation and the effects of temperature on biogas generation. A lab scale reactor was used to simulate the biogas generation. The results show that wastewater sludge able to produced upto 44.82 ml biogas/kg of sludge. When mixed with food waste at a ratio of 30:70 (food waste), the biogas generated were 219.07 ml/kg of waste. Anaerobic of food waste alone produced biogas amount to 59.75 ml/kg of food waste. Anaerobic treatment also reduces the volume of waste. The effect of temperature shows that higher temperature produces more biogas than lower temperature.

En kvantitativ metode til analyse af radio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christine Lejre

2014-06-01

Full Text Available I den danske såvel som den internationale radiolitteratur er bud på metoder til analyse af radiomediet sparsomme. Det skyldes formentlig, at radiomediet er svært at analysere, fordi det er et medie, der ikke er visualiseret i form af billeder eller understøttet af printet tekst. Denne artikel har til formål at beskrive en ny kvantitativ metode til analyse af radio, der tager særligt hensyn til radiomediets modalitet – lyd struktureret som et lineært forløb i tid. Metoden understøtter dermed både radiomediet som et medie i tid og som et blindt medie. Metoden er udviklet i forbindelse med en komparativ analyse af kulturprogrammer på P1 og Radio24syv lavet for Danmarks Radio. Artiklen peger på, at metoden er velegnet til analyse af ikke kun radio, men også andre medieplatforme samt forskellige journalistiske stofområder.

Potential for energy production and use from biogas in Brazil; Potencial de aproveitamento energetico do biogas no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zanette, Andre Luiz

2009-12-15

Biogas, produced from anaerobic digestion of organic matter in domestic, industrial and rural wastewaters and residuals, represent an alternative and renewable source of energy, with growing use worldwide. In Brazil, high population and its spatial concentration and expressive agricultural and agricultural-industrial production indicate a substantial potential of biogas production. The results presented in this work show a potential of biogas production of almost 2 billion cubic feet a day of CH{sub 4}. Viability of biogas production and use depends substantially on project scale. Generally, biogas projects are viable from landfills and domestic wastewater treatment for populations higher than 50,000 inhabitants and swine and dairy farms with at least 5,000 and 1,000 animals, respectively. Biogas is also competitive when compared to fossil fuels used in industry and transport. Despite incentive mechanisms for biogas production and use, like Clean Development Mechanism and renewable and alternative sources of energy incentives in Brazil, several regulatory, institutional, economical and technological barriers difficult the effective employment of biogas in Brazil. Thus, this work indicates the need of better coordination among different governmental levels, private sector and research and development institutions and effective policy formulation to promote a better employment of biogas in Brazil. (author)

A Review of Biogas Applications across Continents

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lybæk, Rikke; kofi Ackom, Emmanuel; Cudjoe Bensah, Edem

This paper analyses the biogas development within Ghana, Thailand and Denmark to shed light on the different development patterns and future trends that is seen within the biogas sector. Literature review in the form of journal articles and reports is assessed, interviews with agricultural...... and biogas experts - as well as policy makers within the field of renewable energy - is being conducted. The biogas technology was analysed according to ‘historical development’, ‘feedstock utilization’ and ‘future development’. As far as the future prospects for the biogas technology the paper concludes...... are required to move forward. Thailand and Denmark has set up support programs and emphasized on using industrial organic feedstock for biogas production, and Denmark has formulated political targets for utilizing organic household waste as biogas feedstock. For all three countries apply, despite...

Bedre veje til en ungdomsuddannelse

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Slotved, Mette; Hjermov, Pernille; Jensen, Vibeke Myrup

Formålet med delopgave 2 er at identificere praksisser, der er virkningsfulde i forhold til at få unge videre i ungdomsuddannelse eller beskæftigelse. Undersøgelsen retter således fokus på god praksis i forhold til målgruppen af unge mellem 16 og 25 år, som af faglige, personlige eller sociale år...

GAS TURBINE ENGINES CONSUMING BIOGAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Е. Ясиніцький

2011-04-01

Full Text Available A problem of implementation of biofuel for power plants of big capacity was considered in thisarticle. Up to date in the world practice a wide implementation of biogas plants of low and medialcapacity are integrated. It is explained by the big amount of enterprises in which relatively smallvolumes of organic sediment excrete in the process of its activity. An emphasis of article is on thatenterprises, which have big volumes of sediments for utilizing of which module system of medialcapacity biogas plants are non-effective. The possibility of using biogas and biomethane as a fuelfor gas turbine engine is described. The basic problems of this technology and ways of its solutionsare indicated. Approximate profitability of biogas due to example of compressor station locatednearby poultry factory was determined also. Such factors as process characteristics of engine withcapacity of 5 MW, approximate commercial price for natural gas and equipment costs due toofficial sources of “Zorg Ukraine” company was taken into consideration. The necessity forproviding researches on influence of biogas on the process characteristics of gas turbine engine andits reliability, constructing modern domestic purification system for biogas was shown.

Biogas Upgrading and Waste-to-Energy | Bioenergy | NREL

Science.gov (United States)

Biogas Upgrading and Waste-to-Energy Biogas Upgrading and Waste-to-Energy NREL's waste-to-energy research and development required for upgrading biogas to fuels and high-value co-products. Featured (2014) Biogas Potential in the United States, NREL Fact Sheet (2013) View all NREL biogas upgrading and

Biogas in Burkina Faso. Influential factors of biogas projects in rural areas of Burkina Faso

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aschaber, Andreas

2010-07-01

Full text: Burkina Faso is among the poorest countries in the world. The energy situation in Burkina Faso is among the most critical issues which need to be addressed in the country. The electrical power grid is insufficient and only available in urban centers. Consequently wood and charcoal is used in order to meet the basic needs for heating, cooking, and lightning by the majority of the population. The resulting overuse of natural energy resources in Burkina Faso has been causing massive deforestation and desertification on the one hand and on the other hand scarcity in fuel wood availability. According to a recent feasibility study of the GTZ, biogas is thought to be one of the most sustainable solutions for developing energy self sufficiency in rural areas of Burkina Faso. Biogas is not a new concept in Burkina Faso, as the first biogas plants were already installed in the 70's. Recently a national biogas program and the activity of various NGOs lead to a rejuvenation of attempts to establish biogas in Burkina Faso. Although biogas has a long history in Burkina Faso, no significant breakthrough of this technology has happened so far. None of the biogas plants built during the last 40 years have been operational for a long time. This contribution presents a study aimed to analyze the partial success and failures of the attempts to install biogas plants so far. The study was conducted in May 2009 as part of a project for a model application of the technology in the frame of University cooperation between Austria (University of Innsbruck) and Burkina Faso (Universite Polytechnique du Bobo Dioulasso). During the field study four sites of existing biogas plants were visited, five interviews with experts conducted and two focus groups with potential users in a rural setting were conducted. The systemic approach, including technical as well as socioeconomic aspects, yielded a wealth of factors which can potentially influence the success of biogas projects in

SOFC Operation with Real Biogas

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hagen, Anke; Winiwarter, Anna; Langnickel, Hendrik

2017-01-01

Biogas is a valuable energy source and will be available in future in systems relying on renewables. It is an attractive fuel for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), which are able to utilize the carbon contained in the biogas and which produce electricity with high efficiency. In the current paper......, state‐of‐the‐art SOFCs were studied regarding performance and durability in relation to biogas as fuel and considering important contaminants, specifically sulfur. First, the catalytic behavior in relevant synthetic biogas mixtures was studied and the potential of dry reforming was demonstrated....... Successful long term operation of an SOFC under both, conditions of steam and dry reforming, i.e., addition of steam or CO2 to avoid carbon formation was shown. For the steam reforming case a remarkable period of 3,500 h, hereof 3,000 h in the presence of H2S was achieved. Finally, a real biogas from...

The potential of biogas energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Acaroglu, M.; Hepbasli, A.; Kocar, G.

2005-01-01

Biogas technology has been known about for a long time, but in recent years the interest in it has significantly increased, especially due to the higher costs and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels as well as their environmental considerations. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the potential of biogas energy in the 15 European Union (EU) countries and in Turkey, which is seeking admission to the EU and is trying to meet EU environmental standards. Biogas energy potential of the 15 EU countries is estimated to be about 800 PJ. Besides this, Turkey's annual animal waste potential is obtained to be about 11.81 million tons with a biogas energy equivalent of 53.6 PJ. It is expected that this study will be helpful in developing highly applicable and productive planning for energy policies towards the optimum utilization of biogas energy. (author)

Biogas infrastructure from farm-scale to regional level, prospects of biogas grids

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hengeveld, Evert Jan

2015-01-01

The amount of biogas produced in agricultural areas is expected to increase. The increasing number of local and regional initiatives show the growing interest in decentralized energy production. In these new developments biogas can play a role, as a producer of energy, but also in balancing the

Fri til at vælge friheden fra?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Thomas Ryan

2010-01-01

Artiklen undersøger frihed som begreb, værdi og valg i relation til selvledelse. Fokus på de mulige negative konsekvenser af at opfatte friheden som et gode, alle gerne vil have mere af. Handlingsanvisende i forhold til at afklare medarbejderes ønskede frihedsgrader i relation til selvledelse....

CONVERSION OF ORGANIC MANURE INTO BIOGAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dario Brdarić

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Production of biogas with anaerobic degradation from organic waste is one of the pledge alternative energetic solutions, especially from organic manure made from animal farming and other residuals of agricultural production. According to 2005 livestock manufacture data daily quantity of animal excrements in Croatia, based on LSU number, is 784 015.26 m3. The aim of this paper is to determine the possibility of production of biogas from the most common types of domestic animals in Croatia. Anaerobic fermentation period of 40 days in mesophilic conditions produced from 1 kg of beef, 31 litres of biogas slurry and from pig slurry 14.83 litres of biogas. From our study it follows that the Republic of Croatia (based on the number of UG could produce 426,995,250.00 Nm3 biogas annually. Exploitation of biogas can decrease import of the referred energents, especially electric energy.

Planning for Biogas Plant in Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Landt, Cristina C.; Gaarsmand, Regin; Palsberg, Aske

2016-01-01

This article is about establishing biogas in Denmark in the region of Zealand, the challenges that are related to this establishment and how to overcome this challenges. The article highlights three reasons for these challenges: 1) Regulation, 2) The municipal planning and 3) Involved various...... stakeholders. It investigates how these challenges affected the process and were overcome in the establishment of Solrod Biogas. In terms of ownership and biomass input, this biogas plant is unique compared to other Danish biogas plants. The biogas plant is based on organic by-products from local industries...... and seaweed. The plant solves an essential environmental issue for the municipality and citizens who were affected by the smell of rotten seaweed washed up in Koge Bay. The seaweed is used as input; this solves several problems at the same time. The method used to establish Solrod Biogas was an integrated...

Numerical investigation of biogas flameless combustion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hosseini, Seyed Ehsan; Bagheri, Ghobad; Wahid, Mazlan Abdul

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Fuel consumption decreases from 3.24 g/s in biogas conventional combustion to 1.07 g/s in flameless mode. • The differences between reactants and products temperature intensifies irreversibility in traditional combustion. • The temperature inside the chamber is uniform in biogas flameless mode and exergy loss decreases in this technique. • Low O 2 concentration in the flameless mode confirms a complete and quick combustion process in flameless regime. - Abstract: The purpose of this investigation is to analyze combustion characteristics of biogas flameless mode based on clean technology development strategies. A three dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamic (CFD) study has been performed to illustrate various priorities of biogas flameless combustion compared to the conventional mode. The effects of preheated temperature and wall temperature, reaction zone and pollutant formation are observed and the impacts of combustion and turbulence models on numerical results are discussed. Although preheated conventional combustion could be effective in terms of fuel consumption reduction, NO x formation increases. It has been found that biogas is not eligible to be applied in furnace heat up due to its low calorific value (LCV) and it is necessary to utilize a high calorific value fuel to preheat the furnace. The required enthalpy for biogas auto-ignition temperature is supplied by enthalpy of preheated oxidizer. In biogas flameless combustion, the mean temperature of the furnace is lower than traditional combustion throughout the chamber. Compared to the biogas flameless combustion with uniform temperature, very high and fluctuated temperatures are recorded in conventional combustion. Since high entropy generation intensifies irreversibility, exergy loss is higher in biogas conventional combustion compared to the biogas flameless regime. Entropy generation minimization in flameless mode is attributed to the uniform temperature inside the chamber

Use of sewage treatment biogas for electric generation using an 30 kW (ISO); Uso do biogas de tratamento de esgoto, para geracao de energia eletrica, utilizando-se de uma microturbina de 30 kW (ISO)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coelho, Suani T.; Velazquez, Silvia M.S.G.; Martins, Osvaldo S.; Costa, David F. [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (CENBIO), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Bacic, Antonio C.K. [Companhia de Saneamento Basico do Estado de Sao Paulo (SABESP), SP (Brazil)

2004-07-01

This paper intends to present some considerations directed to electricity generation with 30 kW (ISO) micro turbines, using biogas generated by sewage treatment process in SABESP (Basic Sanitation Company of Sao Paulo State), located at Barueri, Brazil. This project, pioneer in Latin America, is being accomplished together with BUN - Biomass Users Network of Brazil (proponent), in association with CENBIO - The Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass (executer), with patronage of FINEP / CT-ENERG (financial backer), by means of ACCORD No: 23.01.0653.00, regarding to ENERG-BIOG Project - 'Installation and Tests of an Electric Energy Generation Demonstration Unit from Biogas Sewage Treatment'. Thus, the contribution of this paper will be in the presentation of the project results, related with the exploitation of sewer biogas for power generation, as well as bigger details about purification, compression and electricity generation systems (biogas micro turbine) used in the installation. (author)

Højtuddannedes formidling nøgle til succes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Petersen, Lene Ekholm

2013-01-01

Højtuddannedes evne til at formidle og omsætte svært tilgængeligt fagligt stof til noget, der kan anvendes i dagligdagen, har stor betydning for virksomhedernes succes, viser en ph.d.-afhandling af Lene Ekholm på geografi på RUC.......Højtuddannedes evne til at formidle og omsætte svært tilgængeligt fagligt stof til noget, der kan anvendes i dagligdagen, har stor betydning for virksomhedernes succes, viser en ph.d.-afhandling af Lene Ekholm på geografi på RUC....

Tid til eftertanke i Danske Bank

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Iversen, Martin

2013-01-01

Det er tankevækkende, at Danske Bank aldrig har taget initiativ til en åben, viden- skabelig analyse af bankens historie.......Det er tankevækkende, at Danske Bank aldrig har taget initiativ til en åben, viden- skabelig analyse af bankens historie....

Biogas supply to the natural gas supply grid. Study; Einspeisung von Biogas in das Erdgasnetz. Studie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klinski, S. [DBI Gas- und Umwelttechnik GmbH, Leipzig (Germany)

2006-07-01

Biogas supply to the public gas grid is a new option discussed in the most recent publication of Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe (FNR) e.V. The biogas is purified, upgraded to natural gas quality and fed into an existing gas grid. Once there, it can be transported across long distances and also used for electric power generation at the consumer side. The study investigates inhowfar and in what instances this method is feasible and promising. It discusses the technical background and the regional potential of biogas. Seven model biogas systems are presented as examples. (orig.)

Biogas slurry pricing method based on nutrient content

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Chang-ai; Guo, Honghai; Yang, Zhengtao; Xin, Shurong

2017-11-01

In order to promote biogas-slurry commercialization, A method was put forward to valuate biogas slurry based on its nutrient contents. Firstly, element contents of biogas slurry was measured; Secondly, each element was valuated based on its market price, and then traffic cost, using cost and market effect were taken into account, the pricing method of biogas slurry were obtained lastly. This method could be useful in practical production. Taking cattle manure raw meterial biogas slurry and con stalk raw material biogas slurry for example, their price were 38.50 yuan RMB per ton and 28.80 yuan RMB per ton. This paper will be useful for recognizing the value of biogas projects, ensuring biogas project running, and instructing the cyclic utilization of biomass resources in China.

Influence of biogas flow rate on biomass composition during the optimization of biogas upgrading in microalgal-bacterial processes.

Science.gov (United States)

Serejo, Mayara L; Posadas, Esther; Boncz, Marc A; Blanco, Saúl; García-Encina, Pedro; Muñoz, Raúl

2015-03-03

The influence of biogas flow rate (0, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 m(3) m(-2) h(-1)) on the elemental and macromolecular composition of the algal-bacterial biomass produced from biogas upgrading in a 180 L photobioreactor interconnected to a 2.5 L external bubbled absorption column was investigated using diluted anaerobically digested vinasse as cultivation medium. The influence of the external liquid recirculation/biogas ratio (0.5 biogas, was also evaluated. A L/G ratio of 10 was considered optimum to support CO2 and H2S removals of 80% and 100%, respectively, at all biogas flow rates tested. Biomass productivity increased at increasing biogas flow rate, with a maximum of 12 ± 1 g m(-2) d(-1) at 1.2 m(3) m(-2) h(-1), while the C, N, and P biomass content remained constant at 49 ± 2%, 9 ± 0%, and 1 ± 0%, respectively, over the 175 days of experimentation. The high carbohydrate contents (60-76%), inversely correlated to biogas flow rates, would allow the production of ≈100 L of ethanol per 1000 m(3) of biogas upgraded under a biorefinery process approach.

Biogas Filter Based on Local Natural Zeolite Materials

OpenAIRE

Krido Wahono, Satriyo; Anggo Rizal, Wahyu

2014-01-01

UPT BPPTK LIPI has created a biogas filter tool to improve the purity of methane in the biogas. The device shaped cylindrical tube containing absorbent materials which based on local natural zeolite of Indonesia. The absorbent has been activated and modified with other materials. This absorbtion material has multi-adsorption capacity for almost impurities gas of biogas. The biogas  filter increase methane content of biogas for 5-20%. The biogas filter improve the biogas’s performance such as ...

Design of laboratory cyclone separator for biogas purification

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marián Fodora

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This article deals with calculation of a cyclone separator for biogas purification using physical and chemical methods. There is presented a methodology for determination of operating dimensions of the cyclone separator and description of principal features of the cyclone separator model. Calculations have been performed for the diameter of the cylindrical part of cyclone separator 175 mm and for the biogas volume flow rate 6.9∙10−5 m3∙s−1. The calculations can be used in practice for the design of cyclone separator depending on the flow rate of biogas, size of the biogas plants respectively. The developed cyclone separator has been used for the cleaning of biogas in operating conditions at the biogas plant in Kolinany (Slovakia. The presented method of biogas purification has been used for the removing of hydrogen sulphide, particulate matter and carbon dioxide from the raw biogas at the biogas plant. Removal of these undesirable impurities from the biogas is an important step in the production of a fully valued fuel, biomethane.

Methanogenesis in Thermophilic Biogas Reactors

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ahring, Birgitte Kiær

1995-01-01

Methanogenesis in thermophilic biogas reactors fed with different wastes is examined. The specific methanogenic activity with acetate or hydrogen as substrate reflected the organic loading of the specific reactor examined. Increasing the loading of thermophilic reactors stabilized the process as ....... Experiments using biogas reactors fed with cow manure showed that the same biogas yield found at 550 C could be obtained at 610 C after a long adaptation period. However, propionate degradation was inhibited by increasing the temperature.......Methanogenesis in thermophilic biogas reactors fed with different wastes is examined. The specific methanogenic activity with acetate or hydrogen as substrate reflected the organic loading of the specific reactor examined. Increasing the loading of thermophilic reactors stabilized the process...... as indicated by a lower concentration of volatile fatty acids in the effluent from the reactors. The specific methanogenic activity in a thermophilic pilot-plant biogas reactor fed with a mixture of cow and pig manure reflected the stability of the reactor. The numbers of methanogens counted by the most...

En introduktion til ikke-finansielle regnskaber

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Liempd, Dennis van

dobbelt. For det første giver det en kort historisk rids over udviklingen af ikke-finansielle regnskaber fra sidst i 1960-erne til nu. Papiret tager udgangspunkt i principal-agent problemet fra de traditionelle, finansielle regnskaber og skitserer derefter kort overgangen fra det industrielle samfund til...

Unit installation and testing of demonstration of electric power generation using biogas from sewage treatment; Instalacao e testes de uma unidade de demonstracao de geracao de energia eletrica a partir de biogas de tratamento de esgoto

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coelho, Suani Teixeira; Gonzalez Velazquez, Silvia Maria Stortini; Martins, Osvaldo Stella; Costa, David Freire da; Basaglia, Fernando [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (CENBIO), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)], e-mail: suani@iee.usp.br, e-mail: sgvelaz@iee.usp.br, e-mail: omartins@iee.usp.br, e-mail: davidcosta@iee.usp.br, e-mail: basaglia@iee.usp.br; Bacic, Antonio Carlos K. [Companhia de Saneamento Basico do Estado de Sao Paulo (SABESP), SP (Brazil)], e-mail: acbacic@sabesp.com.br

2004-07-01

This article intend to discuss the electricity generation with 30 kW (ISO) micro turbines, using biogas generated by sewage treatment process at SABESP (Basic Sanitation Company of Sao Paulo State), located at Barueri, Brazil. This project, pioneer in Latin America, is being accomplished together with BUN - Biomass Users Network of Brazil (proponent), by CENBIO - Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass (executer), with patronage of FINEP / CT-ENERG (financial backer), by means of COVENAT No: 23.01.0653.00, regarding to ENERG-BIOG Project - 'Installation and Tests of an Electric Energy Generation Demonstration Unit from Biogas Sewage Treatment'. This plant operates with anaerobic digestion process, which has as mainly products biogas (composed mainly by methane) and sludge. Currently, part of the methane produced is burnt in a boiler used to increase digesters efficiency process. The rest of the methane is burnt in flare to reduce the impacts caused by gases emissions. An alternative to flare it is the biogas conversion into electricity through engines and micro turbines. Thus, this article presents the project results, related with the exploitation of sewer biogas for power generation, as well as bigger details about purification, compression and electricity generation systems (biogas micro turbine), used in the facility. (author)

PROSES BRAZING Cu-Ag BERBAHAN BAKAR BIOGAS TERMURNIKAN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali Kusrijadi

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Pemanfaatan biogas sebagai salah satu alternatif bahan bakar  pada proses brazing merupakan langkah diversifikasi biogas, yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan tingkat efisiensi dan keramahan teknologi. Permasalahan yang bersifat teknis dan menjadi kendala dalam pemanfaatan biogas ini adalah rendahnya konsentrasi CH4 dikarenakan adanya pengotor utama berupa air, karbondioksida dan asam disulfida. Penelitian dilakukan melalui dua tahap yaitu  tahap  pressureized storage process meliputi pemisahan komponen pengotor yang terdapat dalam biogas melalui teknik absorbsi sehingga dihasilkan biogas yang berkualitas gas alam terbarukan dan proses injeksi ke dalam suatu tangki penyimpanan, dan tahap selanjutnya adalah menggunakan biogas tersebut pada proses brazing logam Cu (tembaga dengan bahan tambah Ag (silver. Analisis hasil brazing dilakukan melalui analisis struktur mikro (metalografi untuk melihat kualitas tampak dari hasil brazing, serta analisis kekerasan mikro dan analisis parameter fisik standar terhadap hasil proses brazing. Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan perangkat alat pemurnian biogas yang dapat memurnikan biogas menjadi metana mendekati 100% dan sistem pengemasan (storage system  biogas bertekanan hingga 2 bar. Dari hasil analisis struktur mikro dan uji kekerasan mikro diketahui bahwa hasil proses brazing dengan biogas menghasilkan kualitas yang sama dengan hasil proses brazing dengan gas acetylene sehingga disimpulkan bahwa biogas dapat menjadi bahan bakar alternatif untuk proses brazing, khususnya untuk logam Cu dengan bahan tambah Ag.  Kata kunci : Biogas, Pressureized Storage, Brazing

Combustion of Biogas Released from Palm Oil Mill Effluent and the Effects of Hydrogen Enrichment on the Characteristics of the Biogas Flame

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Seyed Ehsan Hosseini

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Biogas released from palm oil mill effluent (POME could be a source of air pollution, which has illustrated negative effects on the global warming. To protect the environment from toxic emissions and use the energy of POME biogas, POME is conducted to the closed digestion systems and released biogas is captured. Since POME biogas upgrading is a complicated process, it is not economical and thus new combustion techniques should be examined. In this paper, POME biogas (40% CO2 and 60% CH4 has been utilized as a fuel in a lab-scale furnace. A computational approach by standard k-ε combustion and turbulence model is applied. Hydrogen is added to the biogas components and the impacts of hydrogen enrichment on the temperature distribution, flame stability, and pollutant formation are studied. The results confirm that adding hydrogen to the POME biogas content could improve low calorific value (LCV of biogas and increases the stability of the POME biogas flame. Indeed, the biogas flame length rises and distribution of the temperature within the chamber is uniform when hydrogen is added to the POME biogas composition. Compared to the pure biogas combustion, thermal NOx formation increases in hydrogen-enriched POME biogas combustion due to the enhancement of the furnace temperature.

Plot til lyst

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sandvik, Kjetil

Den velfungerende krimi faciliterer denne dobbelte plotlæsning ved at muliggøre en særlig form for legende og udforskende interaktion mellem læser og plot: Ved at lægge spor ud og holde tolkningsmuligheder og løsningsmuligheder åbne får vi mulighed for at påtage os og udføre opklaringsarbejdet side......, der inviterer os med ind i selve handlingens rum og forløb og giver os forskellige handlingsmuligheder i forhold til disse. I bogen omtales denne særlige form for plot for forlystelsesplot med henvisning til forlystelsesparken og den særlige form for interaktiv fortælleform, som vi finder der: en...

Vejledninger til Onlineeksamen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Heilesen, Simon

2014-01-01

Sådan bruger du onlineeksamen, Sådan bruger du Onlineeksamen som censor, Sådan læser du eksamensopgaver på iPad, Sådan læser du eksamensopgaver på en Android-tablet, Mini-manual til onlineeksamen, Sådan udskriver du opgaver på en Windows-pc, Sådan udskriver du opgaver på en Apple-pc......Sådan bruger du onlineeksamen, Sådan bruger du Onlineeksamen som censor, Sådan læser du eksamensopgaver på iPad, Sådan læser du eksamensopgaver på en Android-tablet, Mini-manual til onlineeksamen, Sådan udskriver du opgaver på en Windows-pc, Sådan udskriver du opgaver på en Apple-pc...

Vi kan 'nudge' os til en sundere hverdag

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Pelle Guldborg

2013-01-01

Viden er ikke altid tilstrækkelig til at ændre vores adfærd. Det er det voksende problem med livsstilssygdomme et bevis på. Heldigvis har adfærdsforskere fundet en billig lødsning som ved hjælp af psykologiske mekanismer får os til at handle til gavn for vores helbred....

Analysemodel til segmentering af digitale virksomheder

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Kim Normann; Damsgaard, Jan

virksomheders digitalisering. Til brug i det videre analysearbejde, gennemgår nærværende rapport de syv arketyper ud fra business canvas modellen og funktionsanalysemodellen. I rapporten er indeholdt en række danske og internationale eksempler for, at illustrere arketyperne og til eventuelt efterfølgende...

Feasibility of biogas utilization in fuel cells; Viabilidade do uso de biogas em celulas a combustivel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sprenger, Humberto Elias [Programa de Pos-graduacao em Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia (PRODETEC/LACTEC/IEP), Cutitiba, PR (Brazil); Cantao, Mauricio Pereira [Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento (LACTEC), Curitiba, PR (Brazil)], E-mail: mauricio.cantao@utp.br

2010-10-15

Waste water treatment stations using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) produce biogas, composed of carbon dioxide diluted methane plus minority compounds. This kind of reactor is worthwhile but demands methane burning in order to reduce atmospheric pollution and damage to ozone layer. Meanwhile, biogas can be used for energy generation due to its heating value. In this paper a technical and economic feasibility study about the use of biogas as a hydrogen source for fuel cells feeding is presented. Two methods for assessment of biogas production in UASB reactor were compared for ETE Atuba Sul case. (author)

Biogas: fuel of the future

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Da Silva, E J

1980-01-01

As the energy crisis worsens, bioconversion of organic residue has become increasingly attractive in recent years. There are thousands of biogas plants in developing countries (not including China) and more programs are being launched. Because biogas is conveniently renewable, the author argues that it has a vital role to play, especially as a future source of energy for both developed and developing countries. The operation of a typical biogas plant is described.

Laser Protection TIL

Data.gov (United States)

Federal Laboratory Consortium — The Laser Protection TIL conducts research and analysis of laser protection materials along with integration schemes. The lab's objectives are to limit energy coming...

Isposer kan blive til terrorbomber

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Svanborg, Niels; Berg, Rolf W.

2007-01-01

kasse køleposer, der også indeholder det farlige stof. B.T. har fået lektor i Kemi Rolf W. Berg ved DTU til at analysere indholdet af en kølepose købt på nettet, og han er ikke i tvivl om indholdet. - Den indeholder ammoniumnitrat. Det er ikke helt rent, men det minder om den gødning, man kan bruge til...

Biogas upgrading to biomethane. Proceedings; Biogasaufbereitung zu Biomethan. Tagungsband

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2008-12-05

Within the 6th Hanauer Dialogue 'Biogas upgrading to biomethane' at 21st February, 2008, the following lectures were held: (a) Processing of biogas - an introduction (Michael Beil); (b) The climate protecting targets of the Federal Republic of Germany: Which role will play the upgrading of biogas, and which legal boundary conditions are created by the Federal Government? (Uwe Holzhammer); (c) Future strategy: CH{sub 4} grids (Juergen Schmid); (d) Biogas upgrading and biomethane utilization in Sweden (Anneli Petersson); (e) Biogas upgrading and utilization of bio methane in Switzerland (Arthur Wellinger); (f) Biogas upgrading by means of pressure swing adsorption (Alfons Schulte-Schulze Berndt); (g) Biogas upgrading by means of pressurized water washing (Ulf Richter); (h) Biogas upgrading for feeding in public grids. The case of biogas plant Bruck a.d. Leitha (Michael Harasek); (i) Biogas upgrading by means of chemical absorption according to the LP Cooab process (Jerome van Beek); (j) Practical experiences in unpressurized amine washing MT bio methane (Karsten Wuensche); (k) Biogas upgrading by means of organic physical washing with HAASE biogas amplifiers (Roland Kahn); (l) Upgrading using cryogenic technology; the GPP registered -system (Jeroen de Pater); (m) Micro Gas Distribution Systems: Alternatives to biogas upgrading and grid injection (Michael Beil, Bernd Krautkremer); (n) Feeding of exchange gas. The case of project Straelen and Kerpen (Frank Schaefer); (o) Feeding of biogas from the view of grid operators (Norbert Nordmeyer); BIOGASMAX: Biogas as Vehicle Fuel - Market Expansion to 2020 Air Quality (Michael Beil, Uwe Hoffstede); (p) Study: Feeding of biogas into the natural gas distribution system (Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe).

Fra aktivering til beskæftigelse

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pico Geerdsen, Peter; Pico Geerdsen, Lars

Med arbejdsmarkedsreformen i 1994 har aktivering fået en fremtrædende rolle i dagpengesystemet. Den rolle er blevet forstærket i de efterfølgende reformer. I 1994 kunne man være ledig og modtage dagpenge i op til fire år uden at deltage i aktivering. Den periode er nu sat ned til ét år. Denne...... rapport ser på, hvad der karakteriserer dagpengemodtagere i aktivering og på overgangen fra aktivering til beskæftigelse. Rapporten fokuserer blandt andet på de aktiveredes lønniveau og valg af branche efter endt aktivering. Rapporten, som er finansieret af Beskæftigelsesministeriet og Socialministeriet...

Activity Based Costings anvendelse til beslutningstagen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Steen; Melander, Preben; Jakobsen, Morten

2007-01-01

Activity-Based Costing (ABC) er stadig ét af mest omtalte "moderne" økonomistyringsværktøjer såvel blandt private virksomheder af undersøgelsen, som i offentlige organisationer. En ny state-of-the-art undersøgelse af 90 mellemstore og større danske fremstillingsvirksomheder blev gennemført i 2003...... relation til de fremtidige muligheder, herunder en cost/benefit betragtning ved implementering af ABC. Vi har tilføjet en del kvalitative kommentarer, som respondenterne har tilføjet. Disse er vigtige i forhold til en forståelse for, hvorfor eller hvorfor ikke ABC anvendes. Til sidst perspektiveres også...

Nitrogen availability of biogas residues

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

El-Sayed Fouda, Sara

2011-09-07

The objectives of this study were to characterize biogas residues either unseparated or separated into a liquid and a solid phase from the fermentation of different substrates with respect to their N and C content. In addition, short and long term effects of the application of these biogas residues on the N availability and N utilization by ryegrass was investigated. It is concluded that unseparated or liquid separated biogas residues provide N at least corresponding to their ammonium content and that after the first fertilizer application the C{sub org}:N{sub org} ratio of the biogas residues was a crucial factor for the N availability. After long term application, the organic N accumulated in the soil leads to an increased release of N.

Når kvinder kommer til orde

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Galal, Ehab

2007-01-01

Arabisk religiøst tv har lanceret en lang række programmer henvendt til kvinder, der handler om alt fra samfundsproblematikker, religiøs fortolkning til livsstilsspørgsmål. Programmerne giver ikke kun nye bud på muslimske kvindeidentiteter, men bryder med tabuiserede temaer som fx vold mod kvinde...

Sicilian potential biogas production

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Comparetti

2013-09-01

Full Text Available This study is aimed at predicting the Sicilian potential biogas production, using the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW, animal manure and food industry by-products, in a region where only one biogas plant using MSW and one co-digestion plant are nowadays available. The statistical data about OFMSW, the number of animals bred in medium and large farms and the amounts of by-products of food processing industries were evaluated, in order to compute the Sicilian potential biogas and energy production. The OFMSW produced in Sicily, that is 0.8 million tons ca. per year (37% of MSW, could be used in a bio-reactor, together with other raw materials, for Anaerobic Digestion (AD process, producing biogas and “digestate”. Moreover, 3.03 million tons ca. of manure, collected in medium and large animal husbandry farms (where cows, pigs and poultry are bred, and 350 thousand tons ca. of by-products, collected in food processing industries (pomace from olive oil mills and grape marc from wineries, might be used for AD process. The Sicilian potential biogas production from the AD of the above raw materials is 170.2 millions of m3, that is equal to 1023.4 GWh of energy per year, of which 484 GWh from animal manure, 303 GWh from OFMSW and 236.4 GWh from food industry by-products. The highest biogas production is in the province of Palermo (35.6 millions of m3, Ragusa (30.8 millions of m3 and Catania (22.8 millions of m3, having a potential energy production of 213.8, 185 and 137 GWh, respectively.

Introduktion til Modul 12 på Ergoterapeutuddannelsen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2013-01-01

Fungerer som de studerendes forberedelse til introduktionen, samt til at arbejde interaktivt. De studerende arbejder interaktivt i de 3 lektioner som undervisningen forløber over, mhp. at inddrage de studerende i viden om modulets indhold....

Biogas Filter Based on Local Natural Zeolite Materials

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Satriyo Krido Wahono

2014-02-01

Full Text Available UPT BPPTK LIPI has created a biogas filter tool to improve the purity of methane in the biogas. The device shaped cylindrical tube containing absorbent materials which based on local natural zeolite of Indonesia. The absorbent has been activated and modified with other materials. This absorbtion material has multi-adsorption capacity for almost impurities gas of biogas. The biogas  filter increase methane content of biogas for 5-20%. The biogas filter improve the biogas’s performance such as increasing methane contents, increasing heating value, reduction of odors, reduction of corrosion potential, increasing the efficiency and stability of the generator.

The commercialization of biogas production

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Christensen, J.

1992-01-01

Currently there are ten large collective biogas plants and ten smaller farm plants operating in Denmark. During the last five years, biogas technology has undergone extensive technological development. The developmental process is supported by a public R and D programme and a follow-up programme for full-scale demonstration plants. Most plants still need considerable income increases before a final conclusion can be reached as to whether it is possible to achieve a profit from a corporate economic viewpoint. All plants have received investment grants. Gas production is in most cases reliable, especially due to the admixture of easily convertible organic waste as a supplement to the slurry supplies. Profitable collective biogas plants are within reach, even without investment grants. The total intake of biomass must be supplemented by 10 to 25 per cent easily convertible organic waste so that the minimum gas production reaches 30 to 35 m 3 per m 3 of biomass. Plants based solely on animal manure are not profitable. Energy from the biogas has to be sold at prices corresponding to consumer prices, which include Danish energy taxes. Collective biogas plants in Denmark appear to be approaching a commercial breakthrough. The concept of a collective biogas plant has been developed to address the energy-related, environmentally-related and agricultural problems. (AB)

Manure management practices on biogas and non-biogas pig farms in developing countries - using livestock farms in Vietnam as an example

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cu, T. T. T.; Cuong, P. H.; Hang, L. T.

2012-01-01

This survey was carried out to study animal manure management on livestock farms with biogas technology (biogas farms) and without (non-biogas farms) in the areas surrounding the Vietnamese cities Hanoi and Hue. The objective of the study was to assess the contribution of biogas production...... to a better environment as well as to recognize the problems with livestock manure management on small-scale farms. On all the farms included in the study more than one manure management technology was used, i.e. composting, separation of manure, biogas production and discharge of liquid manure to recipients...... such as public sewers or ponds. On biogas farms, most of the manure collected was used for bio-digestion. The farmers used the fermented manure (digestate) as a source of nutrients for crops, but on more than 50% of the interviewed biogas farms digestate was discharged to the environment. On non-biogas farms...

Nightingale til de nattergale

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Höy, Louise Udengaard; Holm, Anna; Dreyer, Pia

2015-01-01

Florence Nightingale er god at have med i nattevagt på intensiv afdeling. Hendes betragtninger om søvn er anvendelige den dag i dag, når man skal pleje svært syge patienter, som ikke længere er sederede, men kun modtager opioider til tubeaccept......Florence Nightingale er god at have med i nattevagt på intensiv afdeling. Hendes betragtninger om søvn er anvendelige den dag i dag, når man skal pleje svært syge patienter, som ikke længere er sederede, men kun modtager opioider til tubeaccept...

Justin Bieber - en toneangivende formidler til tweens

OpenAIRE

Lundeby, Maria Celine Kolberg

2014-01-01

Ønsket mitt med oppgaven har vært å skape en bevissthet om at populærkulturen er en formidler av noe, og at dette noe bærer i seg potensialet til å ha direkte betydning for vanlige menneskers liv. Gjennom dette utblikket har målet vært å synliggjøre noen eksempler på hvordan det som formidles kan bli gode innfallsvinkler til samtaler om og forkynnelse av kristen tro til tweens. Selv om denne oppgaven har tatt utgangspunkt i et veldig konkret eksempel, Justin Bieber, er de grunnleg...

Svømmehaller og krav til energieffektivitet

OpenAIRE

Øen, Martin Nerhus

2010-01-01

Svømmehaller er en spesiell bygningstype, som med høy innendørs temperatur og luftfuktighet, skiller seg fra andre bygninger som boliger og kontorbygg. Den høye innetemperaturen, forbruket av varmtvann, og fordampning fra svømmebassenget fører til et stort energiforbruk. Svømmehaller er ikke gitt egne krav i Teknisk forskrift til plan- og bygningsloven (TEK), til tross for at energiforbruket kan være tre ganger høyere enn kravene gitt for idrettshaller. Målet med denne rapporten er å finne fo...

Metagenomic analysis and functional characterization of the biogas microbiome using high throughput shotgun sequencing and a novel binning strategy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Campanaro, Stefano; Treu, Laura; Kougias, Panagiotis

2016-01-01

Biogas production is an economically attractive technology that has gained momentum worldwide over the past years. Biogas is produced by a biologically mediated process, widely known as "anaerobic digestion." This process is performed by a specialized and complex microbial community, in which...... performed using >400 proteins revealed that the biogas community is a trove of new species. A new approach based on functional properties as per network representation was developed to assign roles to the microbial species. The organization of the anaerobic digestion microbiome is resembled by a funnel...... on the phylogenetic and functional characterization of the microbial community populating biogas reactors. By applying for the first time high-throughput sequencing and a novel binning strategy, the identified genes were anchored to single genomes providing a clear understanding of their metabolic pathways...

Fra web 2.0 til læringsspil 2.0

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Duus Henriksen, Thomas

2010-01-01

Artiklen sætter fokus på, hvordan man kan omsætte web 2.0-teknologien til læringsspil for derigennem at skabe en brugerbaseret, deltagerdreven tilgang til at arbejde med læringsspil. Artiklen beretter om, hvordan organisationsudviklingsspillet 6Styles omsættes, først til en skoleudviklingssammenh......Artiklen sætter fokus på, hvordan man kan omsætte web 2.0-teknologien til læringsspil for derigennem at skabe en brugerbaseret, deltagerdreven tilgang til at arbejde med læringsspil. Artiklen beretter om, hvordan organisationsudviklingsspillet 6Styles omsættes, først til en...... skoleudviklingssammenhæng og dernæst til et såkaldt 2.0-læringsspil, hvor deltagerne skaber læringsspillets indhold, mens de spiller spillet. Erfaringer fra brug af læringsspillet peger på, at 1) 2.0 læringsspil tager markant mere tid at anvende, 2) deltagerne udvikler en produktiv forståelse for den underliggende teori...

CO2 balance in production of energy based on biogas

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Per Sieverts; Holm-Nielsen, J.B.

1997-01-01

Biogas is an essential biomass source for achieving a reduction of CO2 emission by 50% in year 2030 in Denmark. The physical potential for biogas production in Denmark is more than 10 times the present biogas production in Denmark. In Denmark the largest part of the biogas production is produced...... of increased transportation distances at large biogas plants on the total CO2 balance of the biogas plant. The advantage of constructing large biogas plants is the cost-effective possibility of using industrial organic waste to increase biogas production. In some cases co-fermentation increases biogas...... production up 100%. The present study evaluate optimal transportation strategies for biogas plants taking CO2 balances into account....

Så lyt dog til kritikken af Sundhedsplatformen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bansler, Jørgen P.; Søgaard, Jes

2017-01-01

Det er på tide, at Region Hovedstaden tager klinikernes bekymringer og kritik af Sundhedsplatformen alvorligt. Tiden er ikke inde til 'gevinstrealisering', men til at løse de alvorlige problemer, man kæmper med ude på hospitalerne...

The perspectives of the French market of biogas. Conditions for market takeoff are finally met

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2012-05-01

This article presents the content of a market study which aimed at analysing the business model of biogas projects (investment costs, electric power production costs, expected profitability, etc.), at assessing the opportunities created by the new legal framework (re-assessment of electricity purchase tariffs, authorization of biogas injection into the natural gas network, legal status of installations), at comparing the dynamics of the different production processes (agriculture, industry, household wastes, etc.) and future sources of growth, and at assessing the ambitions of the different actors and at analysing their strategies

Holdninger til dansk med accent

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kirilova, Marta; Ritzau, Ursula

2006-01-01

Link til fuld tekst (pdf): http://www.uddannelsesforbundet.dk/Om%20forbundet/Sektioner/Sektionen%20for%20laerere%20i%20dansk%20som%20andet%20sprog/FOKUS/~/media/Files/Organisationen/FOKUS/Fokus%20arkiv/fokus37.ashx......Link til fuld tekst (pdf): http://www.uddannelsesforbundet.dk/Om%20forbundet/Sektioner/Sektionen%20for%20laerere%20i%20dansk%20som%20andet%20sprog/FOKUS/~/media/Files/Organisationen/FOKUS/Fokus%20arkiv/fokus37.ashx...

Trend chart: biogas. Forth quarter 2016

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cavaud, Denis

2017-02-01

This publication presents the biogas industry situation of continental France and overseas territories during the forth quarter 2016: total connected load of biogas power plants, new connected facilities, regional distribution of facilities, evolution of quarterly production, distribution of facilities versus power and type, evolution forecasts of biogas power generation, detailed regional results, biomethane injection in natural gas distribution systems, methodology used

Trend chart: biogas. Second quarter 2016

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cavaud, Denis

2016-08-01

This publication presents the biogas industry situation of continental France and overseas territories during the Second quarter 2016: total connected load of biogas power plants, new connected facilities, regional distribution of facilities, evolution of quarterly production, distribution of facilities versus power and type, evolution forecasts of biogas power generation, detailed regional results, biomethane injection in natural gas distribution systems, methodology used

Trend chart: biogas. Third quarter 2016

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cavaud, Denis

2016-11-01

This publication presents the biogas industry situation of continental France and overseas territories during the third quarter 2016: total connected load of biogas power plants, new connected facilities, regional distribution of facilities, evolution of quarterly production, distribution of facilities versus power and type, evolution forecasts of biogas power generation, detailed regional results, biomethane injection in natural gas distribution systems, methodology used

Trend chart: biogas. First quarter 2016

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cavaud, Denis

2016-05-01

This publication presents the biogas industry situation of continental France and overseas territories during the first quarter 2016: total connected load of biogas power plants, new connected facilities, regional distribution of facilities, evolution of quarterly production, distribution of facilities versus power and type, evolution forecasts of biogas power generation, detailed regional results, biomethane injection in natural gas distribution systems, methodology used

Biogas and Hydrogen Systems Market Assessment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Milbrandt, Anelia [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Bush, Brian [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Melaina, Marc [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

2016-03-31

This analysis provides an overview of the market for biogas-derived hydrogen and its use in transportation applications. It examines the current hydrogen production technologies from biogas, capacity and production, infrastructure, potential and demand, as well as key market areas. It also estimates the production cost of hydrogen from biogas and provides supply curves at a national level and at point source.

Kätilön ammatillinen osaaminen naistentautien hoitotyössä : kysely valmistuville kätilöopiskelijoille : taustatietojen yhteys ammatilliseen osaamiseen

OpenAIRE

Jerrman, Anne; Kokkonen, Saija

2008-01-01

Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli kartoittaa eri taustamuuttujien yhteyttä kätilöopiskelijoiden ammatilliseen osaamiseen. Opinnäytetyö on osa Näyttöön perustuva kätilötyö -hanketta. Hanke toteutetaan yhteistyössä HUS Naistensairaalan kanssa, ja sen tavoitteena on tuottaa näyttöön perustuvaa tietoa toiminnan kehittämiseksi. Tämä työ on jatkoa opinnäytetyölle Kätilön ammatillinen osaaminen naistentautien hoitotyössä - kysely valmistuville kätilöopiskelijoille. Opinnäytetyön aineisto kerä...

Life cycle assessment of coupling household biogas production to agricultural industry: A case study of biogas-linked persimmon cultivation and processing system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Bin; Chen, Shaoqing

2013-01-01

Biogas plant construction has been boosted in rural China not only due to the immediate merit from biogas production but also the succeeding benefit from by-product utilization in agro-industry, both of which are significant strategies to address energy shortage and global warming issues. However, little work has been done to evaluate the coupling of biogas projects to traditional agrosystems from a life-cycle perspective, which is most important in process and system optimization in different senses. By taking persimmon cultivation and processing with supports from a household biogas plant as a case study, this study conducts a life cycle assessment of coupling biogas production to agro-industry in terms of energy, environmental and economic performance. The results suggest that each production stage following the biogas/digestate utilization chain (biogas operation-persimmon cultivation-product processing) is beneficial across all three aspects. However, a tradeoff only exists in utilizing digestate as top-dressing and employing biogas utilization as engine fuel, while biogas application in fresh-keeping and digestate reuse as base fertilizer fails to increase either energy production or greenhouse gas mitigation. The coupled system can be hopefully optimized through increasing fermentation efficiency and joint operation of biogas digesters. -- Highlights: •Biogas/digestate utilization is overall beneficial in all production stages. •Each bioresource application may not be profitable in all respects. •Tradeoffs in using biogas and digestate vary among different utilization ways. •Multi-user operation and fermentation efficiency elevation optimize system

PENGETAHUAN ISTRI DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PENGGUNAAN BIOGAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Istiqlaliyah Muflikhati

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Wife’s Knowledge and Its Influence toward Decision Making of Biogas Using Abstract Biogas is an alternative energy that gives economic and health advantages. However, the study of the knowledge and using of biogas are still limited. This study aimed to analyze the wife's knowledge about biogas and its influence toward decision making of using biogas in the family in the village of Haurngombong, Sumedang Regency, West Java. Families that involved in this study were 60 families that consist of biogas users’ families and biogas nonusers’ families. Data were collected through structured interviews with using questionnaire. Data analysis used the Independent Samples T Test and logistic regression tests. The results showed that the level of knowledge of wife from families who using biogas was higher than nonusers’ families. Knowledge of the wifes and family size had positive effect toward the decision making of biogas using.

Energy utilization from landfill biogas; Aproveitamento energetico do biogas de aterros sanitarios

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Candiani, Giovano [Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, SP (Brazil). Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Energia; Hoffmann, Gustavo; Silva, Elissandro Rocha da; Moreira, Joao M.L.; Tomioka, Jorge

2008-07-01

Landfills for solid waste disposal are used in Brazil and in most of countries in the world. The organic part of the solid wastes produces gas out of the decomposition of its organic content. This gas, named biogas and mostly made of carbon dioxide and methane, may be collected and used as an energy source due the methane presence. In this work we analyze the possible energy utilization of landfill biogas in Brazil in which the organic content of the solid waste is about 60%. The use of biogas as energy source can reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and improve the sanitation conditions of landfills. Moreover, it allows financial gains through selling of energy and carbon credits. In order to make possible the biogas utilization it is necessary to recognize the differences among the many landfills which exist in the country. There are the large and small landfills. The large ones usually have good instrumentation and gas exhaustion systems while the small ones have passive exhaustion systems and very few field instrumentation. The small landfills need to improve their instrumentation system and to incorporate exhaustion systems. (author)

Research progress of siloxane removal from biogas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gao Ruiling

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Siloxanes in biogas are detrimental to engine, turbine, fuel cell, etc., thus it is necessary to remove siloxanes from biogas before biogas high-value utilization. At present, there are few domestic researches and related reports in view of siloxanes removal from biogas. This paper introduces the property of siloxanes as well as sampling and analysis method, and then presents the research progress of siloxanes removal from biogas. Three commercial technologies overseas are adsorption, absorption and cryogenic condensation. Among them, adsorption on activated carbon is the most widely used method. Other technologies, such as biological removal, catalytic processes, membranes, source controlling, etc. are under exploration and development. At last, this paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of siloxanes removal technologies as well as the applicability and analyzes the future research trend and emphasis. This paper could provide a reference in the field of biogas high-value utilization.

The progress and prospects of rural biogas production in China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Ling; Zhao, Lixin; Ren, Changshan; Wang, Fei

2012-01-01

Biogas production is an important aspect of China's energy strategy. After decades’ application and research, China biogas has achieved considerable accomplishments. This study presents the progress and prospect of biogas technologies and industry in China. Two biogas patterns exist in China, that is, household-scaled digester for scattered farmers and biogas plant for centralized biogas production. Household-scaled digester which is simple and practical has been widely used and fully developed. Biogas plants have being sprung up with different materials, process and biogas utilization technologies. By the end of 2010, 38.51 million household-scaled digesters, and 27,436 large- and medium-scaled biogas plants for agricultural wastes were built. The calculation result of biogas potential from agricultural wastes shows that those used raw materials account for only 1.90% of the total availability. Chinese government promulgated several laws and policies, and gave financial supports to promote the development of biogas. However, some problems such as inferior equipment technology, imperfect policy incentive hamper its wide application and promotion. With the rapid development of economy and the improvement of rural living condition, China biogas industry is expected to advance toward orientation of scalization, industrialization and commercialization. - Highlights: ► Developing progress of biogas production in China is evaluated comprehensively. ► Status of biogas industrialization is estimated. ► New problems which occurred during rural biogas construction were analyzed. ► Biogas production potentials from agricultural wastes in China were calculated. ► Prospect of China rural biogas is expected.

Guideline for financing agricultural biogas projects - Training material for biogas investors: D.3.7, WP 3

OpenAIRE

Hahn, H.

2011-01-01

There are many good reasons to implement a biogas plant ranging from environmental protection and waste reduction to renewable energy production. It can also include financial and non-financial incentives. Nevertheless, investors of biogas projects should be well informed about different legal requirements and financing possibilities. The guideline will help to analyse a potential biogas investment by describing its most important steps. The guideline starts with the project idea and a first ...

Private sundhedsforsikringer og holdninger til det universelle skattefinansierede sundhedssystem

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dejgaard, Thomas Engel; Pedersen, Jesper Møller

Vi kender historien: Antallet af borgere med en privat sundhedsforsikring er eksploderet siden 2002. Over 1.000.000 danskere har nu et regulært alternativ til behandling i det offentlige. Men er der tegn på, at borgerne også vælger den offentlige sundhedssektor fra? Vi tager temperaturen på...... borgernes holdninger til det danske sundhedssystem, der er blevet forandret væsentligt det sidste årti. Vi ønsker at undersøge, om de nye private forsikringsordninger har udkrystalliseret sig i forandringer i borgernes holdninger. For en lang række danskerne har nu et reelt alternativ til behandling i det...... offentlige. Vi bruger ISSP 2006 Role of Government (indsamlet 2008) til at undersøge forsikrede og ikke-forsikrede borgeres holdninger til sundhedssystemet....

Fra kolonistyre til afhængighed

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holten, Birgitte

En oversigt over Latinamerikas historie fra europæernes ankomst til idag. Udviklingen anskueliggøres ud fra temaer, som var eller er centrale set fra de Latinamerikanske landes side......En oversigt over Latinamerikas historie fra europæernes ankomst til idag. Udviklingen anskueliggøres ud fra temaer, som var eller er centrale set fra de Latinamerikanske landes side...

Kom nyliberalismen til Danmark i 1982?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ydesen, Christian; Høberg, Per

2009-01-01

Med afsæt i statsminister Anders Fogh Rasmussens nytårstaler fra 2004 og 2007, hvor der tales om en konsekvent økonomisk linje fra 1982 og frem til i dag, rejser dette bidrag en diskussion af, hvorvidt og på hvilke præmisser startskuddet til det nuværende nyliberale regime i Danmark lød med lance...

Monitoring of biogas test plants

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm-Nielsen, Jens Bo; Esbensen, Kim H.

2011-01-01

realistic bioreactor scales, it is necessary to obtain a fairly constant level of volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, which furthers a stable biogas production. Uncontrolled VFA contents have a significant negative impact on biogas production; VFA concentrations should not exceed 5–6000 mg/L lest......Most studies reported in the literature have investigated near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) in laboratory-scale or minor pilot biogas plants only; practically no other studies have examined the potential for meso-scale/full-scale on-line process monitoring. The focus of this study is on a meso......-scale biogas test plant implementation of process analytical technologies (PAT) to develop multivariate calibration/prediction models for anaerobic digestion (AD) processes. A 150 L bioreactor was fitted with a recurrent loop at which NIR spectroscopy and attendant reference sampling were carried out. In all...

Biomass and biogas : potentials, efficiencies and flexibility

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hofstede, Gert; Wouterse, Brian; Faber, Folkert; Nap, Jan Peter

2012-01-01

In the field of ‘renewable energy resources’ formation of biogas Biomass and biogas: potentials, efficiencies and flexibility is an important option. Biogas can be produced from biomass in a multistep process called anaerobic digestion (AD) and is usually performed in large digesters. Anaerobic

Electricity generation of 100 kva using biogas from swine and poultry slaughterhouse in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Melegari de Souza; Samuel Nelson; Lenz, Anderson Miguel; Werncke, Iván; Antonelli, Jhonatas

2015-01-01

In Brazil, there is a wide availability of animal residues, since the growing of animals to slaughterhouse, which have been used in some, places the production of biogas and biofertilizers. Biogas is used for generating electricity for self-consumption and the surplus is inserted in the network of the local utility. The aim of the present work was to assess energetic efficiency and emissions of two engine-generator sets of 100 KVA running on biogas, produced from residues of a poultry slaughterhouse and swine fatten in. Load variation in the generators set was assessed in the SMCP system of protection and synchronism, by Woodword. The results showed an increase in the emission of nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide and exhaust gas temperature. The increase in the load of the generator led to a reduction in specific consumption and efficiency raise, with levels ranging from 6.12% with load of 10 kW to 20.91% with 70 kW. The average specific consumption was 0.76 m3.kWh-1 in the swine fattening biogas unit and 0.80 m3.kWh-1 in the slaughterhouse biogas unit with load of 70 kW. These results are important to the farmers and owners of slaughterhouse plan the electrical production itself from bio waste that are disposal in high quantities. (full text)

Biogas Production from Chicken Manure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kenan Dalkılıç

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Traditionally, animal manures are burned for heating in Turkey. It is also used as soil conditioner which has adverse environmental effects. Although, the use of renewable energy sources in Turkey is very limited, the application studies on biogas production from animal manure are increasing. 25-30% of total animal manures produced in Turkey are composed of chicken manure. The works on biogas production from chicken manure are very limited in Turkey. In this paper, biogas production studies from chicken manure in Turkey and in the World are reviewed.

Biogas upgrading and utilization: Current status and perspectives

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Angelidaki, Irini; Treu, Laura; Tsapekos, Panagiotis

2018-01-01

Biogas production is an established sustainable process for simultaneous generation of renewable energy and treatment of organic wastes. The increasing interest of utilizing biogas as substitute to natural gas or its exploitation as transport fuel opened new avenues in the development of biogas...... upgrading techniques. The present work is a critical review that summarizes state-of-the-art technologies for biogas upgrading and enhancement with particular attention to the emerging biological methanation processes. The review includes comprehensive description of the main principles of various biogas...

Collective biogas plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1992-01-01

Papers contributed to the European seminar on collective biogas plants held at Herning, Denmark on October 22-23 under the auspices of the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Energy (DG XVII) are presented. Within the framework of the THERMIE programme, a network of OPETs (Organizations for the Promotion of Energy Technologies) was set up in order to disseminate information on new energy technologies throughout the European communities. The potential for further implementation of centralized capacity for the conversion of animal manures and other organic wastes to bio-fuels, not only in central and eastern Europe but also in the developing countries, is discussed in addition to the relevant technologies. Actual biomass conversion plants are described and details are given on operational experience and plant management. Agricultural, economic and policy aspects are also dealt with. (AB)

Biogas technology in Pakistan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahmed, M.

1997-02-01

Although biomethanation is a mature technology its implementation is paradoxically only partly a success in Pakistan. Biogas plants on family farms can be economical but seldom are so in Pakistan. Either the investment cost has been high or satisfactory performance of the process could not be maintained or in some case for a short period of time only. It is, however, concluded that biogas plants, if correctly operated and maintained, may prove to be appropriate to the technical abilities and economic capacity of Pakistani farmers. It can get a change to be disseminated in rural areas. Biogas technology is appropriate to the ecological and economic demands of the future. With the potential from existing cattle population only, 3 to 4 million family size biogas plants may be installed in Pakistan which can substitute of considerable part of rural fuel wood demand for their daily household energy requirements. A large amount of dung is burnt every year by households which if put in the biogas plant, may provide a considerable amount of energy along with organic fertilizer could be saved from being burned at the same time. On the basis of available data from the livestock excluding agriculture residue (50% collectivity-1991), in terms of fuel substitution, this would be equivalent to 1200 million litres of kerosene at worth economic value of 9021 million rupees saving in the form of gas and 821 million rupees as additional fertilizer value annually. (LN)

Sustainable protein from biogas. The perspective of susteine; Duurzaam eiwit uit biogas. Verkenning van het perspectief van susteine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oosterhuis, N. [Easthouse Business Solutions, Rolde (Netherlands); Hooijer, H. [We-Do Interim Management and Consultancy, Culemborg (Netherlands)

2007-12-15

Production of single-cell protein (Susteine) on the basis of biogas (methane) from manure digestion might be an interesting option to reduce the amounts of manure from cattle, pigs and poultry and also might be an option for a sustainable production of high-value protein. An earlier made investigation leaded to the conclusion that many questions had to be answered to make a better picture of this opportunity for the Dutch agricultural society. In this study we investigated the feasibility of such a process and product. It is concluded that the product will be accepted in the market as long as the HACCP-requirements which are applicable in the feed production are fulfilled. The product as such, assuming that the quality is comparable to the product as was produced by Norferm, could get an attractive position especially in the application for piglets. A quantity of 10.000 t/y could easily be sold in this market segment. Of course the product first has to be registered, which needs additional studies. Technically we foresee no major hurdles in the production of Susteine on basis of methane from biogas. The biogas has to be purified to such a quality that SCP-production is feasible, however, technologies are available. It needs a further investigation to establish the quality requirements for such a process. The scale of operation of the biogas installation creates a financial-economic problem. In order to produce 10.000 t protein / year, a quantity of 30-35 million m{sup 3} of biogas is needed, for which 2 million ton of manure has to be digested. In case a centralized production of gas and protein is foreseen, the number of transport movements will be unacceptable. Besides the quantity of manure to be transported also approximately the same amount of digested material has to be transported. A unique opportunity in The Netherlands is the presence of a pipe network for natural gas. Such a network could serve as a transport system of locally produced, purified, biogas

Indsats for forældre til børn med ADHD

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Neubert, Katja

2012-01-01

Et nyt review, udarbejdet af forskergruppen omkring Morris Zwi, undersøger om interventionsprogrammer til forældre til børn med ADHD er effektive, når det gælder reducering af børnenes ADHD-relaterede adfærd og associerede problemer som eksempelvis indlæringsproblemer. Reviewet peger på, at en...... indsats til forældre til børn med ADHD kan have en gavnlig effekt på børnenes adfærd. Interventionen kan også være med til at sænke stressniveauet hos forældre til disse børn, og forbedre forældrenes selvtillid....

Biogas from farms will be tomorrow's fuel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bruecker, U.; Limacher, L.; Krummenacher, S.; Schmid, J.

2003-01-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy presents the results of a preliminary study on the technical, logistical and economic possibilities of agricultural biogas production for use as motor fuel. The study was made for a geographically limited region in the Swiss Canton of Lucerne. The reason for the choice of this area - which exhibits a high density of cattle and fowl - and its high potential for the production of biogas from animal excrements are discussed. The economic viability of three possible variants of biogas usage are discussed - its use as a fuel for electricity generation, the processing of the biogas and its injection into the natural gas mains and storage of the biogas in compressed-gas cylinders. Also, the relevance of biogas production in terms of environmental protection is emphasised - ammonia emissions from liquid manure poses a serious problem for the region. Further, political and market development aspects are discussed

Ungdomsuddannelsernes og enhedsskolens bidrag til social u/lighed

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jørgensen, Christian Helms

2018-01-01

Indførelsen af enhedsskolen har stået centralt i de nordiske velfærdsstaters indsats for at reducere den sociale ulighed i uddannelsessystemet og i samfundet. I perioden frem til 1990erne indførte de nordiske lande en udelt grundskole, hvor alle elever skal undervises sammen (Wiborg,2009). Men li...... dilemma mellem lighed i toppen af uddannelsessystemet (’lige adgang til videregående uddannelser’) og lighed i bunden af uddannelsessystemet (’uddannelse til alle’)....

Biogas feed analysis

OpenAIRE

Song, Yuan

2008-01-01

Biogas production is regarded as the best energy recovery process from wet organic solid wastes (WOSW). Feed composition, storage conditions and time will influence the compositions of feed to biogas processes. In this study, apple juice from Meierienes Juice factory was used as the model substrates to mimic the liquid phase that can be extracted from fruit or juice industry WOSW. A series of batch experiments were carried out with different initial feed concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, 10 %) of a...

Janata biogas plant

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bahadur, S; Singh, K K

1980-03-01

The Janata biogas plant is based on the use of local materials and locally available skills only. It is a proven technology at low cost and easy maintenance which should facilitate its extension at a much faster pace especially among the low income groups. This technology is important at this time because of the current crisis in the availability of firewood and mineral fuels. This handbook explains in non-technical language the basic features, design, and construction of this biogas plant. (DC)

Biogas infrastructure from farm-scale to regional scale, line-pack storage in biogas grids

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Evert Jan Hengeveld

2016-01-01

The number of local and regional initiatives encouraging the production and use of regional produced energy grows. In these new developments biogas can play a role, as a producer of energy, but also in balancing the electricity grid. Collection of biogas from several digesters to a hub supports the

Biogas plant control system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balasevicius, L.; Dervinis, G.; Macerauskas, V.

2002-01-01

This paper presents intelligent control system for the pig farm biogas production process. The system uses a fuzzy logic models based on knowledge of experts and operators. Four fuzzy models are introduced. The adequacy of fuzzy models is verified using real data and MATLAB simulation. Proposed expert system is implemented into traditional SCADA system for biogas process prediction and failure analyzing. (authors)

The health aspects of biogas as an energy source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Srinivasan, H.R.

1982-01-01

Data on the positive health impacts of biogas as fuel for rural household cooking have been collected from three villages near Bombay, one of which used traditional firewood as cooking fuel, one used biogas plants, and the third used biogas plants connected to latrines. The study illustrates the advantages of the use of biogas compared to wood, dung-cakes and crop residues. The biogas plants in the villages selected for study have been in operation for three or four years. Short-time studies show positive advantages of the use of biogas as fuel. (author)

Process control in biogas plants

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm-Nielsen, Jens Bo; Oleskowicz-Popiel, Piotr

2013-01-01

Efficient monitoring and control of anaerobic digestion (AD) processes are necessary in order to enhance biogas plant performance. The aim of monitoring and controlling the biological processes is to stabilise and optimise the production of biogas. The principles of process analytical technology...

Rousseau som modsvar til forceret talentudvikling

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm, Claus; Nielsen, Jens Christian

2015-01-01

pædagogisk syn på børn og unges udvikling. Men dette syn er nu under pres. Det kommer for eksempel til udtryk, når en international idrætsaktør som FC Barcelona vil oprette elitært orienterede fodboldakademier for børn ned til 6-årsalderen i Danmark. Men inspireret af filosoffen Jean-Jacques Rousseau og...

Introduktion til Spillefilm og Historie

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2016-01-01

Valg af materiale/medie/form: Formidling til elever i forbindelse med MOOC Valg af arbejdsform: Talking head-video Begrundelse for valg af materiale/medie/form/arbejdsform: Skabe nærvær, præsentation af en af underviserne i MOOC'et......Valg af materiale/medie/form: Formidling til elever i forbindelse med MOOC Valg af arbejdsform: Talking head-video Begrundelse for valg af materiale/medie/form/arbejdsform: Skabe nærvær, præsentation af en af underviserne i MOOC'et...

Modellering af elforbrug til netanalyse

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Østergaard, Jacob

I denne rapport undersøges mulighederne for at etablere en model for elforbruget, der kan anvendes ved analyser af det østdanske transmissionsnet. Rapporten henvender sig til ingeniører og beslutningstagere, der ønsker viden om betydningen af en nøjagtig elforbrugsmodel og om mulighederne for i p...... simuleringsresultater med mindre usikkerhed, og der opnås en integration mellem eksisterende systemer, idet data fra en række systemer bl.a. Panda, elforbrugsprognoser, elforbrugspaneler og stationsprognoser kan udnyttes til etableringen af en model....

BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM CATCH CROPS

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Molinuevo-Salces, Beatriz; Larsen, Søren U.; Ahring, Birgitte Kiær

2014-01-01

-substrate in manure-based biogas plants and the profit obtained from the sale of biogas barely compensates for the harvest costs. A new agricultural strategy to harvest catch crops together with the residual straw of the main crop was investigated to increase the biomass and thereby the methane yield per hectare......Catch crop cultivation combined with its use for biogas production would increase renewable energy production in the form of methane, without interfering with the production of food and fodder crops. The low biomass yield of catch crops is the main limiting factor for using these crops as co...... biomass. Leaving the straw on the field until harvest of the catch crop in the autumn could benefit biogas production due to the organic matter degradation of the straw taking place on the field during the autumn months. This new agricultural strategy may be a good alternative to achieve economically...

Promotion of biogas plant application in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan

2012-06-11

The study focuses on waste management in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam (MD) through the application of biogas plants to livestock and agricultural waste treatment. As the biggest ''rice bowl'' in the country, the MD produces more than 50% of the national aquaagricultural production, in which livestock sector contributes more than 20% of agricultural growth. The increasing livestock sector, however, has been attributed to the environmental problems, particularly in relation to the free discharge of waste/wastewater into the water open sources in the region. Such the environmental problems have become more serious in the rural areas of the MD where the water from the canal network is used as the main water supply sources to the 60% of local communities. Biogas technology was introduced as an environmentally-friendly treatment for animal and human wastes in the MD in the 1980s. Nonetheless, the number of biogas plants already constructed is considerably limited in comparison to the actual demand on livestock waste treatment in the region. The study, therefore, aims at seeking for possible solutions to promote the widespread application of biogas plants in the MD in order to help improve the sanitary condition of the local communities. In this study, a survey of 110 farmers was conducted in the three provinces of the MD. The farmers included biogas user households, non-biogas user households, and biogas masons. The interviews with the three groups of farmers provided profound and comprehensive information on the actual application and demand of biogas plants in the MD. Accordingly, a large number of the local people have acknowledged the great benefits of biogas application. However, the interviews revealed that there are some impediments to the development of biogas plants in the region such as high investment cost, shortage of input to biogas plants, and limited possibilities of application of by-products from biogas plants. In an attempt to search

Electricity Cogenerator from Hydrogen and Biogas

Science.gov (United States)

Pinate, W.; Chinnasa, P.; Dangphonthong, D.

2017-09-01

This research studied about electricity cogenerator from Hydrogen and Biogas and the factors that cause that effecting Hydrogen from Aluminium which was a cylindrical feature. By using a catalyst was NaOH and CaO, it was reacted in distilled water with percentage of Aluminium: the catalyst (NaOH and CaO) and brought to mix with Biogas afterwards, that have been led to electricity from generator 1 kilowatt. The research outcomes were concentration of solutions that caused amount and percent of maximum Hydrogen was to at 10 % wt and 64.73 % which rate of flowing of constant gas 0.56 litter/minute as temperature 97 degree Celsius. After that led Hydrogen was mixed by Biogas next, conducted to electricity from generator and levelled the voltage of generator at 220 Volt. There after the measure of electricity current and found electricity charge would be constant at 3.1 Ampere. And rate of Biogas flowing and Hydrogen, the result was the generator used Biogas rate of flowing was highest 9 litter/minute and the lowest 7.5 litter/minute, which had rate of flowing around 8.2 litter/minute. Total Biogas was used around 493.2 litter or about 0.493 m3 and Hydrogen had rate of flowing was highest 2.5 litter/minute.

Til forsvar for kristendommen - tidlige kristne apologeter

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Til forsvar for kristendommen - tidlige kristne apologeter undersøger de tidlige kristne forsvarsskrifter fra 2. århundrede og begyndelsen af 3. århundrede i deres samtidige kontekst. Bogens bidrag er inddelt i fire. I del I introduceres læseren til begreberne apologi og apologetik i antikken og...

Mere kapital til systemisk vigtige finansielle institutioner

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grosen, Anders

2011-01-01

. Basel-komiteen har endnu ikke udformet konkrete krav til systemisk vigtige finansielle institutioner, men rammerne for de samlede regulative Basel III-kapitalkrav er i dag så langt fremme, at de schweiziske myndigheders forslag til kapitalkrav for systemiske institutioner i det følgende sammenlignes med...... Basel III....

Regnskabsbrugernes adgang til finansiel information via Internettet

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm, Claus

1999-01-01

Artiklen beskriver de børsnoterede selskabers eksisterende rapporteringspraksis via Internettet. Over halvdelen af selskaberne har et website med adgang til finansielle informationer og måned for måned kommer flere til. Selv om årsregnskabets form og indhold er under revision, tyder intet på...

Evaluation of biogas of waste from poultry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lobo Paes, Juliana; Ferreira Matos, Camila; Souza Pereira, Diego José de; Bruggianesi, Giancarlo; Silva Misquita, Ícaro da

2015-01-01

Most of the farms, the waste of agricultural production do not receive adequate treatment for the stabilization of organic matter and reduce its pollution potential. The anaerobic digestion is an alternative for the treatment of waste, as well as allowing the reduction of pollution potential and the health risks of waste to a minimum, promotes the generation of biogas used as a heat source for various uses on the farm. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the biogas production efficiency from the chicken waste. For the supply of biodigesters, adopted the total solids content of 8% and discontinuous supply system. The biogas potential was determined on the basis of their daily production and explosive rate. It was observed that the biogas production started 24 hours after the start of supplying the digesters. The maximum biogas production was approximately 0.87 L after the ninth and the 54th day starting the digestion process. The average daily production of biogas generated from bird manure was 0.022 L, while the cumulative 0.91 L after 72 days of digestion. The explosive rate of biogas generated by poultry origin residues peaked at 51% after 32 days of the start of the digestion process. In this analysis, we found the presence of methane in the biogas produced in all substrates tested after 24 h of digestion, because it’s burning in the presence of an ignition source (Fire). (full text)

International scientific conference biogas science 2009. Vol. 1. Lectures; Internationale Wissenschaftstagung Biogas Science 2009. Bd. 1. Vortraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2009-12-15

Within the international conference of the Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (Munich, Federal Republic of Germany) at 2nd to 4th December, 2009, in Erding (Federal Republic of Germany), the following lectures were held: (1) Significance of the sector biogas within the scope of renewable energies (P. Schuesseler); (2) Anaerobic digestion, a superior renewable energy degradation method (G. Lettinga); (3) Trends of the biogas technology - Challenges for the practice (J. Pellmeyer); (4) Extensification of cultivation procedures for the production of biogas substrates (K. Deiglmayer et al.); (5) Approaches for the optimization of crop rotations for biogas plants at Bavarian conditions of cultivation (E. Sticksel et al.); (6) Development and comparison of site specific production systems for energy crops (Ch. Strauss et al.); (7) Which type of maize is useful for the production of biogas? (B. Eder et al.); (8) Fermentation of interim fruits, food stocks and residues of harvest: Review on the possibilities of power generation and avoidance of direct and indirect emissions of climatic gases (W. Stinner et al.); (9) Optimization of anaerobic fermentation by means of mineral additives (H. Heuwinkel et al.); (10) The accuracy of the measurement of gas yields of substrates using the batch method (H. Heuwinkel et al.); (11) Combined mechanical-enzymatic pre-treatment of an improved digestion of substrates during the fermentation of renewable raw materials (D. Schiedr et al.); (12) Anaerobic semi-continuous co-digestion of dairy cattle manure and agricultural residues: Effect of operational parameters (E. Alkaya et al.); (13) Do hydrolytic enzymes enhance methane formation of agricultural feedstock? (T. Suarez Quinones et al.); (14) DAUMEN-Energy ''Design fo Separation and Augmented Methanisation of Fibres Substrates - Contribution to sustainable biogas production'' (P. Stopp et al.); (15) Continuous two-phase solid-state anaerobic digestion

Fra Industrial Organization (IO) til Porters strategiske brancheperspektiv

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thrane, Claus

2007-01-01

Dette notat giver en kortfattet introduktion til det grundlæggende teoretiske fundament for Porters brancheperspektiv. Heri indgår: 1) et kort afsnit om strategifeltets historiske baggrund, 2) en kort beskrivelse af det såkaldte SCP-paradigme inden for IO med særligt fokus på årene op til 1980, 3......) en beskrivelse af hvorledes Porter overførte SCP-paradigmet til strategifeltet, samt 4) en meget kort beskrivelse af de to centrale dele i Porter 1980....

A review of the biogas industry in China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiang Xinyuan; Sommer, Sven G.; Christensen, Knud V.

2011-01-01

This article presents an overview of the development and future perspectives of the Chinese biogas industry. The development of the industry has the potential to improve the rural environment and produce significant amounts of sustainable energy for China. Barriers to the development are the relatively weak environmental policies, imperfect financial policies and lack of long-term follow-up services. The rapid economic development of China has also seen a development in the scales of biogas plants constructed. Although the technology has been improved, this review has identified problems in the construction and operation of Chinese biogas plants, particularly in the efficiency of household systems. All levels of China's government acknowledge this and recent biogas projects have more focus on quality and less on the quantity. The intention is to gradually introduce stricter environmental policies, to provide better service systems, improve the financial policies that support the construction and follow-up service of biogas projects, promote the use of standardized engineering equipment and materials and standards for plant construction and production. This will promote the development of biogas projects at various scales further, and reduce the dependency on fossil fuels and emissions of greenhouse gases. - Highlights: → The biogas industry in China has great developing potential and necessity. → Barriers to the development of biogas industry in China were included in the article. → All scales of Biogas plants in China have developed rapidly in recent years. → Measures to promote the development of biogas projects further in China were proposed.

Distributed power generation using biogas fuelled microturbines

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pointon, K.; Langan, M.

2002-07-01

This research sought to analyse the market for small scale biogas fuelled distributed power generation, to demonstrate the concept of a biogas fuelled microturbine using the Capstone microturbine in conjunction with an anaerobic digester, and undertake a technico-economic evaluation of the biogas fuelled microturbine concept. Details are given of the experimental trials using continuous and batch digesters, and feedstocks ranging from cow and pig slurries to vegetable wastes and municipal solid waste. The yields of methane are discussed along with the successful operation of the microturbine with biogas fuels, and anaerobic digestion projects.

Distributed power generation using biogas fuelled microturbines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pointon, K.; Langan, M.

2002-01-01

This research sought to analyse the market for small scale biogas fuelled distributed power generation, to demonstrate the concept of a biogas fuelled microturbine using the Capstone microturbine in conjunction with an anaerobic digester, and undertake a technico-economic evaluation of the biogas fuelled microturbine concept. Details are given of the experimental trials using continuous and batch digesters, and feedstocks ranging from cow and pig slurries to vegetable wastes and municipal solid waste. The yields of methane are discussed along with the successful operation of the microturbine with biogas fuels, and anaerobic digestion projects

Biogas i økologisk jordbrug

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Østergård, Hanne

2011-01-01

Klumme: Hvilke faktorer har størst betydning for udbredelse af biogas-teknologien? Offentlige tilskud er svaret fra en rundspørge.......Klumme: Hvilke faktorer har størst betydning for udbredelse af biogas-teknologien? Offentlige tilskud er svaret fra en rundspørge....

Guide biogas. From production to utilization. 5. compl. rev. ed.; Leitfaden Biogas. Von der Gewinnung zur Nutzung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2010-07-01

The book under consideration is a guide for biogas and consists of the following contributions: (a) Targets of the guide (M. Kaltschmitt); (b) Fundamentals of anaerobic fermentation (J. Friehe); (c) Systems engineering for supplying biogas (J. Postel); (d) Description of selected substrates (J. Friehe); (e) Operation of biogas plants (J. Liebetrau); (f) Gas processing and possibilities of utilization (M. Wetthaeuser); (g) Legal and administrative framework conditions (H. von Bredow); (g) Economy (S. Hartmann); (h) Company organisation (G. Reinhold); (i) Quality and utilization of fermentation residues (H. Doehler); (j) Implementation of a project (E. Fischer); (k) Position and significance of biogas as a renewable energy resource in Germany (M. Kaltschmitt); (l) Project examples (J. Friehe).

Energy systems analysis of biogas systems; Energianalys av biogassystem

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Berglund, Maria; Boerjesson, Paal

2003-05-01

The aim of this study was to calculate the net energy output and energy efficiency, from a life-cycle perspective and for Swedish conditions, in anaerobic digestion of various raw materials. Our calculations are based on literature reviews concerning the total primary energy input required for the production of biogas (i.e. direct and indirect energy inputs, e.g. when producing and distributing diesel fuels, electricity, fertilisers) as well as the biogas yield from various raw materials. Our analyses include handling and transportation of raw materials, operation of the biogas plants, and transportation and spreading of digested residues, as well as the biogas yield from manure, ley crops, tops and leaves of sugar beets, straw, municipal organic waste, slaughter waste, and grease separator sludge. All calculations concern individual raw materials. The net energy input required to run a biogas system (i.e. centralised biogas plant) typically corresponds to approximately 20-40% of the energy content in the produced biogas. Theoretically, the raw materials could be transported for some 200 km (manure) up to 700 km (slaughter waste) before the net energy output becomes negative. The variations in energy efficiency between studied biogas systems depend mainly on the type of raw material studied and the calculation methods used. Raw materials with high water content and low biogas yield (e.g. manure) require rather large energy inputs compared to the amount of biogas produced. Energy demanding handling of the raw materials, such as ley crops, could correspond to as much as approximately 40% of the net energy input. Varying energy efficiency in different parts of the biogas system, but most of all, changes in the biogas yield, could considerably affect the total net energy output. In general, operation of the biogas plant is the most energy demanding process in the biogas systems, corresponding to some 40-80% of the net energy input in the biogas systems. This implies

System to the quantification of biogas; Sistema para quantificacao de biogas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caetano, L. [UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia; Goldonio, J.S. [UNESP, Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas

1987-12-31

The search of an adequate methodology to determination of the volumetric ratios of biogas production is necessary, in consequence of the diversification of the equipments is discussed. The objective of this work is to purpose a system to determine the quantity of biogas produced at low quantity. Nine laboratory biodigesters were constructed with 10 liters of capacity operated in batch system. They are feed with 7 liters of waste cattle and water mixture, PH 6,2 and 8% of total solids and 37 deg C as average temperature. The biogas produced were stored in plastic gasometer until prefixed pressure and launching in air through a valve operated by an electronic circuit, coming back the pressure to the initial value and registering the pulse in a counter.The number of pulses in a determinate period give an idea of the Biodigester gas production and guarantee the success of measure system 18 refs, 10 figs., 3 tabs.

Biogas Digester with Simple Solar Heater

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kh S Karimov

2012-10-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT: In this research work, the design, fabrication and investigation of a biogas digester with simple solar heater are presented. For the solar heater, a built-in reverse absorber type heater was used. The maximum temperature (50°C inside the methane tank was taken as a main parameter for the design of the digester. Then, the energy balance equation for the case of a static mass of fluid being heated was used to model the process. The parameters of thermal insulation of the methane tank were also included in the calculations. The biogas digester consisted of a methane tank with built-in solar reverse absorber heater to harness the radiant solar energy for heating the slurry comprising of different organic wastes (dung, sewage, food wastes etc.. The methane tank was initially filled to 70% of its volume with organic wastes from the GIK institute’s sewage. The remaining volume was filled with sewage and cow dung from other sources. During a three month period (October-December, 2009 and another two month period (February-March, 2010, the digester was investigated. The effects of solar radiation on the absorber, the slurry’s temperature, and the ambient temperature were all measured during these investigations. It was found that using sewage only and sewage with cow dung in the slurry resulted in retention times of four and two weeks, respectively. The corresponding biogas produced was 0.4 m3 and 8.0 m3, respectively. Finally, this paper also elaborates on the upgradation of biogas through the removal of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and water vapour, and also the process of conversion of biogas energy into electric powerABSTRAK: Kajian ini membentangkan rekabentuk, fabrikasi dan penyelidikan tentang pencerna biogas dengan pemanas solar ringkas. Sebagai pemanas solar, ia dilengkapkan dengan penyerap pemanas beralik. Suhu maksimum(50oC di dalam tangki metana telah diambil sebagai parameter utama rekabentuk pencerna. Dengan menggunakan

Performance Analysis of a MCFC/MGT Hybrid Power System Bi-Fueled by City Gas and Biogas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hongyu Huang

2015-06-01

Full Text Available This study evaluates the performance of a molten carbonate fuel cell and micro gas turbine (MCFC/MGT hybrid power system bi-fueled by city gas and biogas. The performance of the MCFC/MGT hybrid power system and MFCF/MGT hybrid power system response have been investigated experimentally and numerically. Results show that the MCFC, steam reformer, and catalytic combustor models are in agreement with the experimental results of the system fueled by city gas only and the system bi-fueled by city gas and biogas. The MFCF/MGT hybrid power system can have manifest operation with the addition of biogas at a flow rate of up to 150.0 Nm3·h−1, which is about 50% of the overall input heat value. In addition, the MCFC and MGT outputs decrease with the increase in the flow rate of added biogas, with an overall power generation efficiency ranging from 39.0% to 42.0%. Furthermore, the MCFC/MGT hybrid power system can be operated stably both at low amplitude with slow current change and large amplitude with rapid power conditions. Finally, the MCFC/MGT hybrid system bi-fueled by city gas and biogas may be applicable to the energy supply of the micro–grid network.

Inspiration til fremtidens naturfaglige uddannelser

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Denne antologi udgør bind 2 af rapporten fra arbejdsgruppen for Fremtidens Naturfaglige Uddannelser. Antologien indeholder ti artikler og præsenterer vigtige elementer af det analysegrundlag som ligger bag arbejdsgruppens oplæg til strategi. Det enkelte essay i antologien behandler centrale...... problemstillinger inden for et eller flere naturfag eller en uddannelse/et uddannelsesniveau. Rapportens 1. bind - den selvstændige publikation Fremtidens naturfaglige uddannelser. Naturfag for alle - vision og oplæg til strategi indeholder arbejdsgruppens anbefalinger og bud på strategi for udvikling af...

Motivation til studiegennemførsel

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Paaske Nielsen, Liselotte; Stelter, Reinhard

2015-01-01

Hvordan kan coaching anvendes som motivation, udvikling af studiekompetence, selvværd, selvtillid, sammenhold, studiemiljø og studieglæde, så den studerendes mulighed for fastholdelse og gennemførsel af uddannelsen optimeres og den studerende mestrer study-life balance. Gennemførsel af studiet på...... – eller den forekommer, når studievejlederen har indkaldt til samtale ved manglende studieaktivitet eller en ikke bestået prøve. Gruppevejledninger forekommer ved studieudviklende samtaler til fremme af motivation, studiekompetence og studiemiljø samt ved valgprocesser i studiet. Gruppevejledninger...

Forvist til omsorg

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Niels Rosendal

2008-01-01

Anmeldelsen refererer til en netop udgivet bog af Grønbæk Jensen & Knigge og udbygger dennes problemstilling ved at tilføje en diskussion om forholdet mellem faglighed og nærhed/hjemstavn. Udgivelsesdato: December 2008...

A case study for biogas generation from covered anaerobic ponds treating abattoir wastewater: Investigation of pond performance and potential biogas production

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McCabe, Bernadette K.; Hamawand, Ihsan; Harris, Peter; Baillie, Craig; Yusaf, Talal

2014-01-01

Highlights: • We report on the performance of a novel covered anaerobic pond system. • Potential biogas production was estimated using BioWin modelling software. • Ponds maintained stable operation; however, accumulation of crust was an issue. • Modelling indicated that biogas yield can be influenced by decomposition efficiency. • Configuration and operation of ponds can also impact potential biogas production. - Abstract: Covered anaerobic ponds offer significant advantages to the red meat processing industry by capturing methane rich gas as a fuel source for bioenergy while reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). This paper presents the results of a novel-designed anaerobic pond system at an Australian abattoir in relation to pond performance and potential biogas production. Key findings in assessing the effectiveness of the system revealed that the covered ponds are capable of efficient wastewater decomposition and biogas production. The primary issue with the covered ponds at the abattoir was the build-up of fat/crust that prevented the accurate measurement of biogas and effective use of the cover. In the absence of field biogas data the novel application of the computer modelling software BioWin® was carried out to simulate chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates and subsequent biogas yield. The unique parameter used to fit field data was the fraction of the inlet COD due to a superficial crust which did not follow anaerobic digestion. Field data effluent COD removal rates were matched to simulated rates predicted by BioWin when measured influent COD was reduced to 30%. Biogas modelling results suggest significant variation in the economic benefit of biogas energy, with the quantity of biogas potentially varying tenfold (from 328 m 3 /d to 3284 m 3 /d) depending on site factors such as pond efficiency, pond configuration and operational practices

Biogas in Austria and Switzerland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Urbanek, A.

Several well-functioning biogas plants in Austria and in Switzerland are briefly described. The profitability of the combination of dairy farming and pig breeding is emphasized. The whey produced by the cheese-dairies is fed to the pigs and the pigs dung is fermented to biogas.

The Development of Biogas Technology in Denmark: Achievements & Obstacles

OpenAIRE

Sannaa, Mohamed Najib

2004-01-01

Denmark is one of the most advanced countries in biogas technology. This country added several improvements to the biogas process in order to increase the biogas yield and thereby improve the economical profitability. Consequently, this project studied the developments of biogas technology in Denmark. The study includes a historical progress of biogas plants since 1970s; the different problems interrupted the expansion of this technology and the actions taken to overcome these obstacles. This...

Mange veje til integration

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carøe Christiansen, Connie; Schmidt, Garbi

I rapporten samler Socialforskningsinstituttet op på forskningen fra de seneste år omkring etniske minoriteters levevilkår og integration og belyser emner som kulturel identitet, forbrug, den kommunale integrationsindsats, børn i pasning og skole, utilpasset ungdom, boligplacering, hjemløse m.......m. Rapporten peger bl.a. på, at det kan være dårlige sociale forhold snarere end den etniske oprindelse, der er årsag til manglende integration. Rapporten ser også på, hvordan de etniske minoritetsfamilier præges og ændres af livet hér, både som udtryk for tilpasning, men også til tider som udtryk for socialt...

Vejledning til Digital Eksamen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Heilesen, Simon

2016-01-01

Saadan faar censor adgang til DE, Saadan henter du opgaverne, Læs en opgave online , Læs en opgave på PC, Læs en opgave på Android, Læs en opgave på iPad, Læs opgave offline, Plagiat-kontrol af en opgave, Saadan giver du karakter, Kommentér en opgave, Upload store filer......Saadan faar censor adgang til DE, Saadan henter du opgaverne, Læs en opgave online , Læs en opgave på PC, Læs en opgave på Android, Læs en opgave på iPad, Læs opgave offline, Plagiat-kontrol af en opgave, Saadan giver du karakter, Kommentér en opgave, Upload store filer...

Optimized construction of biogas plants; Optimierte Bauweise fuer Biogasanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2012-09-19

Within the conference of the International Trade Fair for Biogas Plant Technology at 21st February, 2012 in Berlin, the following lectures were held: (1) Optimized dimensions of containers for small systems of liquid manure (Manfred Thalmann); (2) Microferm mini biogas plants (Bart Brouwer); (3) Fermentation of stackable biomass in rural biogas plant - The DeNaBa system (Christian Deterding); (4) The Sauter Biogas System for the fermentation of liquid manure, solid dung, and other residual materials (Stefan Sauter); (5) Bio-electricity: Controllable power generation by means of biogas plants (Matthias Sonnleitner); (6) Reduction of the effort and increase of the yield using UDR fixed bed technology (Alfred van den Berg); (7) Prestressed concrete container for biogas plants: Area of application - quality - options (Harald Feldmann); (8) Corrosion protection of agricultural and communal biogas plants (Michael Normann); (9) Fundamentals of efficient and effective flow generation in biogas plants (Kay Rotalski); (10) Rotary piston screw pistons and eccentric screw pumps (Thorsten Gilles).

Investigation of thermal integration between biogas production and upgrading

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Xiaojing; Yan, Jinying; Li, Hailong; Chekani, Shabnam; Liu, Loncheng

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Identify thermal characteristics of amine-based biogas upgrading for waste heat recovery. • Identify thermal characteristics of AD biogas production as sink for heat recovery. • Evaluation of thermal integration between biogas production and upgrading to improve overall energy efficiency. • Cost analysis applied for the economic feasibility of the thermal integration. • Using the principles of target design and system integration for connected thermal processes. - Abstract: Thermal integration of anaerobic digestion (AD) biogas production with amine-based chemical absorption biogas upgrading has been studied to improve the overall efficiency of the intergraded system. The thermal characteristics have been investigated for industrial AD raw biogas production and amine-based chemical absorption biogas upgrading. The investigation provides a basic understanding for the possibilities of energy saving through thermal integration. The thermal integration is carried out through well-defined cases based on the thermal characteristics of the biogas production and the biogas upgrading. The following factors are taken into account in the case study: thermal conditions of sub-systems, material and energy balances, cost issues and main benefits. The potential of heat recovery has been evaluated to utilise the waste heat from amine-based upgrading process for the use in the AD biogas production. The results show that the thermal integration has positive effects on improving the overall energy efficiency of the integrated biogas plant. Cost analysis shows that the thermal integration is economically feasible

En introduktion til CARM: The Conversation Analytic Role-Play Method

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lange, Simon Bierring

2014-01-01

Dette working paper er en introduktion til og kort diskussion af workshopmetoden Conversation Analytic Role-Play Method (CARM), som er en metode udviklet til at afholde workshops på baggrund af resultater fra interaktionsanalyser. Artiklen er den første introduktion til CARM-metoden på dansk, og...

Biogas in Botswana

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

MacGarry, B

1981-01-01

The experience gained in small-scale experiments with a 600-1 horizontal plug-flow digester, made from three 200-1 drums, was used to investigate the possibility of using biogas as a diesel-fuel substitute for powering pump engines at boreholes used for cattle in the arid areas of Botswana. A 10-m/sup 3/ Chinese-type digester was used in these tests. The terms of reference of the test and details of the operational plan are included. The use of biogas toilets as efficient low-cost sanitation devices are also being promoted.

10. Biogas conference Dresden. Anaerobic treatment of biological wastes. Proceedings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dornack, Christina; Liebetrau, Jan; Fassauer, Burkhardt; Nelles, Michael

2015-01-01

The biogas conference in Dresden will be held for the tenth time and is still the only conference in Germany, which focuses on the production of biogas solely from waste. This year, the implementation of paragraph 11 of the Recycling and Waste Management Act and the amendment of the Renewable Energies Act (EEG) in 2014, the chances of the waste management biogas technology will be spotlighted here. The efficiency and wise use of the end products of the biogas production - the biogas and fermentation residues are equally critical for the success of biogas technology as the emission reduction of biogas plants. In this context, the biogas technology will also be dependent in the future on legal requirements and funding instruments such as the EEG. For the technical implementation, the development of reliable system concepts with specific sinking biogas and electricity supply costs and with greater flexibility in terms of launching needs-based biogas and electricity production. The contributions in this paper discuss possible solutions and implementations from the perspective of politics, associations, research and practice. Innovative topics will be discussed, which will be decisive for the future of biogas production from organic wastes. [de

Microbiologic handbook for biogas plants; Mikrobiologisk handbok foer biogasanlaeggningar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jarvis, Aasa; Schnuerer, Anna

2009-05-15

There is today great interest in the biogas process. The reason for interest is that this process offers an opportunity to stabilize and reduce various types of organic waste, while also generating clean renewable energy in the form of biogas. Purified biogas is a good alternative to gasoline and diesel as motor fuel and can also be used for heating and electricity production. Behind efficient biogas production lies a complex microbiological process. For biogas to be formed many different species of microorganisms have to be active. A disturbance of this teamwork leads to a reduction in biogas production or in the worst case that the process stops. In order to operate a biogas process in an efficient manner, it is necessary to have knowledge of the underlying microbiology and how microorganisms function. Today Swedish biogas plants have personnel with great technical knowledge, while the biological knowledge often is more limited. It has been difficult to find appropriate Swedish language literature in the field. This handbook aims to increase the microbiological expertise of staff at the biogas plants and thus to facilitate the stable operation and optimization of gas production

Impact of government subsidies on household biogas use in rural China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun, Dingqiang; Bai, Junfei; Qiu, Huanguang; Cai, Yaqing

2014-01-01

In this paper, we evaluate empirically the impact of biogas subsidies on household biogas energy use in rural China. Special attention was given to the problem of sample selection bias in assessing the impact of subsidies on biogas energy use because biogas subsidies often change the propensity for installing biogas digesters. Using data from a large-scale household survey, the results indicate that biogas subsidies did promote the construction of biogas digesters. The results suggest that a 10 percentage point increase in subsidy-cost ratio would lead to a 3% increase in digester installations. We also found that biogas subsidies correlated negatively with average time of digester use. A 10 percentage point increase in the subsidy-cost ratio would result in a 4.3% reduction in the average working time of digesters. These results suggest that the net effect of the current subsidy policy on rural household biogas use was near-negligible. Indeed, a 10 percentage point increase in the subsidy-cost ratio resulted in a mere 1.15% increase in biogas use. These findings indicate that biogas subsidies have possibly not been targeted effectively at households that would actually prefer to use biogas energy. - Highlights: • We evaluate empirically the impact of biogas subsidies on household biogas energy use in rural China. • Results indicate that biogas subsidies did promote the construction of biogas digesters. • We also find that biogas subsidies were correlated negatively with average time of digester use. • The results suggest that the net effect of the current subsidy policy on rural household biogas use was near-negligible. • A 10 percentage point increase in the subsidy-cost ratio leads to merely 1.15% increases in biogas use

Promotion and marketing of the biogas way

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mistry, P.B.; Lindboe, H.H.

1992-01-01

The biological process of anaerobic digestion is used primarily as a tool for waste treatment. It also produces energy in the form of biogas - a feature by which it is often called the biogas technology. This paper outlines special features of this process, together with other advantages and disadvantages of applying the AD or the biogas technology, to satisfy ever increasing regulatory requirements and public concerns over pollution at both global and local levels. The paper then gives suggestions which could be implemented at the Commission, national and regional levels to propagate the implementation of the biogas technology. (au)

Peer til peer i arbejdet med udsatte mennesker

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ahlmark, Nanna; Norrhäll, Oskar; Jensen, Pernille Hartvig

Statens Institut for Folkesundhed, Syddansk Universitet har fået til opdrag at lave en formativ procesevaluering af Københavns Kommunes projekt Mænd i København. Projektet omhandler udvikling og implementering af en peer til peer indsats med henblik på at forbedre sundhed og trivsel blandt udsatte...... mænd i risiko for at udvikle type 2 diabetes. En del af evalueringsopdraget har været at tilvejebringe viden om relevant litteratur om peer-metoder. I denne forbindelse er dette notat udarbejdet til Københavns Kommunes Forebyggelsescenter Nørrebro af evaluerings-teamet, som består af forsker, Nanna...... Ahlmark, adjunkt ved Aalborg Universitet Camilla Dindler, praktikant og specialestuderende Oskar Norrhäll og specialestuderende Pernille Hartvig Jensen. Notatet er en sammenfatning af udvalgt forskningslitteratur og rapporter om peer til peer-relaterede projekter målrettet udsatte grupper i forbindelse...

Biogas production from water hyacinth (eichhornia crassipes)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Solly, R.K.; Goundar, D.; Singh, N.; Singh, M.K.

1981-01-01

The formation of biogas by anaerobic digestion of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has been investigated in simple laboratory digesters. Seed material was obtained from the rumen contents of a goat. Under conditions where the mass of seed material exceeded the water hyacinth feed, the maximum rate of biogas production was obtained within one to two days of each addition of feed material. The maximum amount of biogas produced, 0.33 m 3 kg -1 dry matter was obtained at 40 deg. C with a slight decrease in total production at 35 deg. C. The total biogas produced at 45 deg. C (0.12 m 3 kg -1 dry matter) was less than that at 30 deg. C (0.16 m 3 kg -1 ). Regular additions of small amounts of feed material produced a more uniform rate of biogas production (author)

Farm scale production of combined heat and power from biogas; Gaardsbaserad och gaardsnaera produktion av kraftvaerme fraan biogas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lantz, Mikael

2010-08-15

The Swedish agricultural sector accounts for a significant and unutilized part of the Swedish biogas potential. There is also considerable interest among Swedish farmers to increase the production and utilization of biogas. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prerequisites for the production of combined heat and power (CHP) from biogas based on manure in different scale and with different technologies. The purpose is also to present economic calculations and the conditions required to reach profitability. Based on current economic conditions and with the assumptions made in the assessment, it is difficult to achieve profitability with conventional production of biogas. Levels of investment and operating costs are greatly dependent of scale and a larger biogas plant is normally more profitable than a smaller. There are, however, only marginal differences between a large farm based biogas plant and a much larger plant treating manure from several farms. The reason is that the positive effects of scale regarding investments, comparing the two plants, are reduced by increased costs for transportation and sanitation. However, the sanitation unit adapted at the large plant enables the plant to receive different external substrates such as food industry waste etc. resulting in a much higher biogas production per amount of treated substrate. The following conclusions are drawn in this study: - to achieve profitability in the production of CHP from biogas based on manure it is required, in most cases, that some of the heat produced could be used externally and that the digestate is given an economic value; - there are clear positive effects of scale between the smaller and the larger farm based biogas plant. However, differences are marginal between a large farm based biogas plant and a larger plant treating manure from several farms; - thermophilic operation could improve the profitability if used to increase the amount of substrate treated and especially if it is

Biogas energy in India

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moulik, T K

1982-01-01

A socio-economic study of India's biogas energy program, a response to the oil crisis of the 1970's, reviews the impact of promoting large-scale community biogas plants as a way to reach the lowest income groups. A case study draws on the experiences of the community plant in Gujarat village, and explores the program's secondary benefits and impacts on life styles. 15 references, 5 figures, 37 tables. (DCK)

Feedback viser vejen til læring

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hyldahl, Kirsten Kofod

Feedback viser vejen til læring Dette vejledningshæfte hører tæt sammen med fire feedbackplakater (Dafolo 2014). Hæftet giver konkrete forslag til brugen af feedbackplakaterne i klasserummet og i teamsamarbejdet. Den giver en grundig indføring i John Hattie og Helen Timperleys feedbackmodel og de...... tre feedbackspørgsmål, som er rygraden i en god feedbackkultur. God feedback gives bedst på baggrund af gode læringsmål med klare succeskriterier. Derfor giver hæftet undervejs konkrete eksempler på, hvordan læringsmål og succeskriterier kan formuleres på flere niveauer. Her inddrages også forskellige...... • at styrke børnenes motivation for læring • at inddrage børnene og give dem medansvar i deres læreproces • at styrke tilliden til og respekten for folkeskolen gennem evidensbaseret undervisning. Feedback hjælper os til læring, og med feedbackplakaterne og dette vejledningshæfte er du og børnene godt på vej!...

The Improvement of Carburater Efficiency Using Biogas-based Venturi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lasmi Ni Ketut

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The elimination of the fossil fuel subsidy by the Indonesian government has caused an increase in fuel prices, and a solution to find a relatively cheap and environmentally friendly alternative energy is needed. Biogas is one of the sources of renewable energy that has a potential to be developed, especially in farming area where the abundant animal excrement is not yet optimally used and causes environmental problems. Addressing this issue, we have developed an innovation by making a biogas and air mixer instrument through venturi pipe, using the basic theory of fluid mechanism in order to increase the use of biogas as an electricity source. Usually, biogas-based electric generators use dual fuel system such as fossil fuel and biogas to perform combustion due to the low octane contained in the biogas. By replacing the readily available manufactured venturi with the modified venturi, optimal combustion can be reached with using only single fuel of biogas. The results of the experiments show that the biogas debit on carburetor increases from 13 to 439 watts consuming biogas fuel from 0.22 to 4.96 liter/minute, respectively. The amount of combusted biogas depends on the value of the load power. Within the scope of our results, the maximum voltage reached is about 211.13 – 211.76 volts which is feasible to use for 220 volts electrical appliances

Rapport fra projektet ”At skrive sig til læsning”

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Labuz, Nadia; Bundsgaard, Jeppe; Kjertmann, Kjeld

Projektet At skrive sig til læsning er et Videnkupon-projekt finansieret af Forsknings- og Innovationsstyrelsen og firmaet Jamus. Projektet havde til formål at bidrage til viden om og kvalificere udviklingen af en app til iPad, som har til formål at støtte børn i deres skrive- og læseudvikling....... Projektet bestod konkret i diskussioner og konsulentbistand under udviklingen af app'en, og i empiriske undersøgelser af den første brug af app'en i to herboende amerikanske børnefamilier. Projektet resulterede i positiv evaluering af app'en og den praksis, der kan udvikle sig omkring brugen af den, og det...... resulterede i en række konkrete forslag til videreudvikling, samt i 10 principper for god brug af app'en....

Danmark ligger til otte OL-medaljer

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Klaus; Storm, Rasmus K.

2012-01-01

Danmark står til at vinde otte medaljer uden dog at have oplagte guldkandidater i London, viser en analyse af medaljefordelingen ved det kommende OL. Her vil Kina sandsynligvis overhale USA som den mest vindende nation.......Danmark står til at vinde otte medaljer uden dog at have oplagte guldkandidater i London, viser en analyse af medaljefordelingen ved det kommende OL. Her vil Kina sandsynligvis overhale USA som den mest vindende nation....

Biogas plants in the Swiss agriculture

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wellinger, A

1985-01-01

Description of the systems of Swiss biogas plants, gas production rates and the use of the gas for heating the biogas digesters and apartments, for agriculture, cheese factories, and for the production of electricity.

Sustainable dairy manure-based biogas? : A perspective from the combined biogas and agricultural production system

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hoang, Dieu Linh; Davis, Christopher Bryan; Nonhebel, Sanderine

2017-01-01

Dairy manure-based biogas, an emerging source of renewable energy, is a result of a recycling process which often leads to the thought that manure production is the beginning of this biogas supply chain by energy producers. However, dairy manure is only a byproduct of an agricultural system whose

Production of liquid biogas at the biowaste treatment plant Amtzell; Gewinnung von fluessigem Biogas an der Bioabfallbehandlungsanlage Amtzell

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bojahr, Armin [Gesellschaft fuer Umwelttechnik Bojahr mbH und Co. KG, Berg (Germany)

2013-10-01

The fermentation plant in Amtzell will be extended to increase the throughput of bio waste. In this context an extension of the gas utilization plant is also required. The produced biogas will be partly transferred to the existing combined heat and power plant. The remaining part of biogas will be used in an proposed GPP-Plus {sup registered} --plant to produce liquid bio methane (LBG). In the LBG gaining process the raw biogas will have to be dried in several steps, de-sulphured, compressed and cooled. Following this process and due to different physical characteristics of the ingredients, the contaminants will be removed from the biogas and the main ingredients, carbon dioxide and methane, separated from each other. Carbon dioxide as well as the methane are then available in liquid form and can be put onto the market. This method of using biogas can utilize almost 100% of its energy potential. (orig.)

Karakterisering af Materialer fra atom til makro

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brøndsted, Povl; Somers, Marcel A.J.

2002-01-01

Denne årbog er udgivet i forbindelse med Dansk Metallurgisk Selskabs Vintermøde, der fandt sted på Hotel Koldingfjord, Kolding i dagene 2. til 4. januar 2002. Bogen indeholder de foredrag, der blev præsenteret på Vintermødet. Emnet for mødet var " Karakterisering af Materialer - fra atom til makro...

Biogas Production Using Anaerobic Biodigester from Cassava Starch Effluent

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Sunarso

2010-12-01

Full Text Available IKMs’ factory activity in Margoyoso produces liquid and solid wastes. The possible alternative was to use the liquid effluent as biogas raw material. This study focuses on the used of urea, ruminant, yeast, microalgae, the treatment of gelled and ungelled feed for biogas production, pH control during biogas production using buffer Na2CO3, and feeding management in the semi-continuous process of biogas production that perform at ambient temperature for 30 days. Ruminant bacteria, yeast, urea, and microalgae was added 10% (v/v, 0.08% (w/v, 0.04% (w/v, 50% (v/v of mixing solution volume, respectively. The pH of slurry was adjusted with range 6.8-7.2 and was measured daily and corrected when necessary with Na2CO3. The total biogas production was measured daily by the water displacement technique. Biogas production from the ungelling and gelling mixture of cassava starch effluent, yeast, ruminant bacteria, and urea were 726.43 ml/g total solid and 198 ml/g total solid. Biogas production from ungelling mixture without yeast was 58.6 ml/g total solid. Biogas production from ungelling mixture added by microalgae without yeast was 58.72 ml/g total solid and that with yeast was 189 ml/g total solid. Biogas production from ungelling mixture of cassava starch effluent, yeast, ruminant bacteria, and urea in semi-continuous process was 581.15 ml/g total solid. Adding of microalgae as nitrogen source did not give significant effect to biogas production. But adding of yeast as substrate activator was very helpful to accelerate biogas production. The biogas production increased after cassava starch effluent and yeast was added. Requirement of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3 to increase alkalinity or buffering capacity of fermenting solution depends on pH-value

Pemanfaatan Biogas Sebagai Bahan Bakar Generator Set Motor Bensin

OpenAIRE

Kusairi S., Ach; Yangsen, Kelvin

2015-01-01

Biogas is a compound formed from the decomposition of organic substances in anaerobic condition, the main constituent of biogas is methane and carbon dioxide, biogas can be used as fuel or otto cycle engine with diesel. In this study, the use of biogas from the landfill Cahaya Kencana then to gasoline motor generator sets using this type with a capacity 1kVA four steps that have been previously modified in order to be able to use biogas, but no purification process before being used as fuel. ...

Biogas and Methane Yield from Rye Grass

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomáš Vítěz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Biogas production in the Czech Republic has expanded substantially, including marginal regions for maize cultivation. Therefore, there are increasingly sought materials that could partially replace maize silage, as a basic feedstock, while secure both biogas production and its quality.Two samples of rye grass (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum silage with different solids content 21% and 15% were measured for biogas and methane yield. Rye grass silage with solid content of 15% reached an average specific biogas yield 0.431 m3·kg−1 of organic dry matter and an average specific methane yield 0.249 m3·kg−1 of organic dry matter. Rye grass silage with solid content 21% reached an average specific biogas yield 0.654 m3·kg−1 of organic dry matter and an average specific methane yield 0.399 m3·kg−1 of organic dry matter.

Promoting use of bio-gas in India

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saha, S.L.

1994-01-01

Biogas is a single energy source with multiple benefits. Biogas is an environment friendly cheap fuel for rural areas. Fuel-gas from organic materials like cattle dung, night-soil, poultry droppings, sludge, waste water etc., without destroying their manurial value, accrues many social benefits particularly for women and children. Biogas plant improve rural sanitation, life style of rural folks and reduce pressure on forests. Biogas slurry offers a cheap, entirely organic and indigenous alternative fertilizer. Rural electrification at a reasonable cost is possible by using the available crop residues and other biomass waste. This waste can yield wealth by using it to produce energy for the industry and for homes. (author)

Bliver big data til big business?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ritter, Thomas

2015-01-01

Danmark har en digital infrastruktur, en registreringskultur og it-kompetente medarbejdere og kunder, som muliggør en førerposition, men kun hvis virksomhederne gør sig klar til næste big data-bølge.......Danmark har en digital infrastruktur, en registreringskultur og it-kompetente medarbejdere og kunder, som muliggør en førerposition, men kun hvis virksomhederne gør sig klar til næste big data-bølge....

Biogas. Plants, raw materials, products. 7. rev. ed.; Biogas. Pflanzen, Rohstoffe, Produkte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2011-08-15

In order to save fossil fuels and to stopp the climate change, a gradual shift to renewable energies is necessary. The federal government has aimed to a modern, environmental friendly, sustainable and secure energy supply by means of the expansion of renewable energies. Bioenergy plays a central role in the future. Biogas for renewable energies will play a special role. Biogas can be used for simultaneous production of electricity and heat, as a fuel and as a substitute for natural gas.

Potensi Biogas dari Substrat Bio-Limbah Perhotelan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I Nyoman Suprapta Winaya

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi produksi biogas yang dihasilkan daripemanfaatan bio-limbah perhotelan seperti limbah dapur (kitchen dan limbah lumpur (sewagedengan penambahan inokolum kotoran hewan. Jumlah material kering (total solid, TS darilimbah hotel akan dikaji untuk diketahui pengaruhnya terhadap produksi biogas yang dihasilkan.Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimen dengan variasi TS sebesar 3, 4, 5 gram ke dalamsebuah biodigester skala laboratorium kapasitas 1000ml. Pengukuran kinerja dari biodigesterdiamati selama 40 hari dan dilakukan pengkondisian pH pada digester kontrol. Pengujiankandungan gas metana dilakukan secara langsung menggunakan metode absorpsi CO2 Brigongas tester. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan mengkondisikan pH pada rentang 6,8-7,5 merupakan kondisi ideal bagi bakteri metana sehingga mempengaruhi produksi biogas yangdihasilkan. Komposisi 5 gram TS sewage dengan pH dikondisikan menunjukkan volume spesifikbiogas paling tinggi. Sedangkan persentase gas metana yang dihasilkan tidak memiliki korelasilangsung terhadap komposisi material kering dan menunjukkan fenomena yang hampir seragamKata kunci : Limbah perhotelan, inokolum, biogas, total solid This study aims to determine biogas production using organic waste as raw material from hotelindustries such as kitchen waste and sewage sludge with the addition of inokolum. Total drymatter (total solid, TS of organic waste is studied to determine its effect on the biogas production.Experiments was conducted with a variation of TS of 3, 4, 5 grams into a biodigester laboratoryscale of 1000ml. Measurement of the performance of the biodigester was observed for 40 daysand the pH condition in the digester was controlled. Methane gas content was done directly usingBrigon CO2 gas tester. The results showed that the conditioned of pH 6.8 to 7.5 are found as theideal conditions for methane bacteria to produce of biogas. Composition of 5 grams TS sewagewith a

Production of biogas from plant materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zuer, J.

1980-12-01

Different crop residues from agriculture and horticulture were investigated for feasibility of producing biogas. The anaerobic fermentation has been performed in batch system fermentation reactors (5 liters) at mesophilic conditions (35 degrees C). Content of volatile solids (VS/TS) in raw materials varied from 78.5 percent in silage from top of sugar beet to 97.3 percent in straw of rye. The highest content of lignin was found in stalks of Jerusalem artichoke (49.6 percent), stalks of horse bean (47.6 percent) and the lowest in leaves of cauliflower (9.5 percent), top of sugar beet and leaves of cabbage (11 percent) in both. Ratio of carbon to nitrogen was the highest in the straw of rye (60) and the lowest in silage from top of sugar beet (11) and in leaves of cauliflower (11). Rate of biogas production during the first 13 days of fermentation was about 27 liters per kg TS per day, achieved from top of sugar beet. Typical mean rate of biogas production, about 9 liters per kg TS per day, was performed during the first 40 days of retention time from straw of wheat and stalks of rape. Top of sugar beet and manure slurry have had the shortest effective retention time ca 20 days. Maximum total yield of biogas (427.0 liters per kg TS) was achieved from top of sugar beet. From manure slurry 257.5 liters biogas per kg TS was obtained. Methane content in biogas produced during the final 7 days of retention time was the highest from silage from top of artichoke (72.8 percent), stalks of horse bean (71.6 percent) and straw of wheat (71.0 percent). The lowest percentage of methane (59.0 percent) was found in biogas from top of sugar beet.

Hjemkomst til Homer

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Skyum-Nielsen, Erik

2015-01-01

Erik Skyum-Nielsen beskriver i sin artikel hvordan tre moderne danske forfattere, Bjørnvig, Nordbrandt og Rifbjerg, har henvist til og genbrugt de homeriske digte eller motiver herfra i deres digtning. Med udgangspunkt i Gérard Genettes overbegreb transtekstualitet viser Skyum-Nielsen os først...

Elforbrug til IKT

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gram-Hanssen, Kirsten; Larsen, Troels Fjordbak; Christensen, Toke Haunstrup

I denne rapport opstilles to scenarier for elforbruget til informations- og kommunikationsteknologi (TV, DVD,  pillekonsoller, PC, printere, forskellige former for radioer samt alle former for telefoner mv.) i 2015 på baggrund af antagelser om, at såvel bestanden af apparater som brugen af...

Biogas: quo vadis?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perch-Nielsen, S.

2009-01-01

This article takes a look at the situation in Switzerland with respect to the use of biogas and the potential available for its increased use. The sharp increase of biogas production in Switzerland and its use for the production of heat, electrical power and methane for the gas mains is reviewed. The large potential for additional biomass is discussed. The political will to increase the use of renewable forms of energy in Switzerland, security of supply and regional added value are discussed. The article discusses the current situation as well as trends concerning substrates, systems and products

Monitoring and controlling the biogas process

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ahring, B K; Angelidaki, I [The Technical Univ. of Denmark, Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, Lyngby (Denmark)

1997-08-01

Many modern large-scale biogas plants have been constructed recently, increasing the demand for proper monitoring and control of these large reactor systems. For monitoring the biogas process, an easy to measure and reliable indicator is required, which reflects the metabolic state and the activity of the bacterial populations in the reactor. In this paper, we discuss existing indicators as well as indicators under development which can potentially be used to monitor the state of the biogas process in a reactor. Furthermore, data are presented from two large scale thermophilic biogas plants, subjected to temperature changes and where the concentration of volatile fatty acids was monitored. The results clearly demonstrated that significant changes in the concentration of the individual VFA occurred although the biogas production was not significantly changed. Especially the concentrations of butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate showed significant changes. Future improvements of process control could therefore be based on monitoring of the concentration of specific VFA`s together with information about the bacterial populations in the reactor. The last information could be supplied by the use of modern molecular techniques. (au) 51 refs.

A Technological Overview of Biogas Production from Biowaste

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Spyridon Achinas

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The current irrational use of fossil fuels and the impact of greenhouse gases on the environment are driving research into renewable energy production from organic resources and waste. The global energy demand is high, and most of this energy is produced from fossil resources. Recent studies report that anaerobic digestion (AD is an efficient alternative technology that combines biofuel production with sustainable waste management, and various technological trends exist in the biogas industry that enhance the production and quality of biogas. Further investments in AD are expected to meet with increasing success due to the low cost of available feedstocks and the wide range of uses for biogas (i.e., for heating, electricity, and fuel. Biogas production is growing in the European energy market and offers an economical alternative for bioenergy production. The objective of this work is to provide an overview of biogas production from lignocellulosic waste, thus providing information toward crucial issues in the biogas economy.

Sludge storage lagoon biogas recovery and use

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muller, D.; Norville, C. (Memphis and Shelby County Div. of Planning and Development, TN (United States))

1991-07-01

The City of Memphis has two wastewater treatment plants. The SWTP employs two large anaerobic digestion sludge lagoons as part of the overall sludge treatment system. Although these lagoons are effective in concentrating and digesting sludge, they can generate offensive odors. The SWTP uses aerobic digesters to partially stabilize the sludge and help reduce objectionable odors before it enters the lagoons. The anaerobic digestion of sludge in the lagoons results in the dispersion of a large quantity of biogas into the atmosphere. The City realized that if the lagoons could be covered, the odor problem could be resolved, and at the same, time, biogas could be recovered and utilized as a source of energy. In 1987, the City commissioned ADI International to conduct a feasibility study to evaluate alternative methods of covering the lagoons and recovering and utilizing the biogas. The study recommended that the project be developed in two phases: (1) recovery of the biogas and (2) utilization of the biogas. Phase 1 consists of covering the two lagoons with an insulated membrane to control odor and temperature and collect the biogas. Phase 1 was found to be economically feasible and offered a unique opportunity for the City to save substantial operating costs at the treatment facility. The Memphis biogas recovery project is the only application in the world where a membrane cover has been used on a municipal wastewater sludge lagoon. It is also the largest lagoon cover system in the world.

Feasibility study for retrofitting biogas cogeneration systems to district heating in South Korea.

Science.gov (United States)

Chung, Mo; Park, Hwa-Choon

2015-08-01

A feasibility study was performed to assess the technical and economic merits of retrofitting biogas-based cogeneration systems to district heating networks. Three district heating plants were selected as candidates for accommodating heat recovery from nearby waste treatment stations, where a massive amount of biogas can be produced on a regular basis. The scenario involves constructing cogeneration systems in each waste treatment station and producing electricity and heat. The amounts of biogas production for each station are estimated based on the monthly treatment capacities surveyed over the most recent years. Heat produced by the cogeneration system is first consumed on site by the waste treatment system to keep the operating temperature at a proper level. If surplus heat is available, it will be transported to the nearest district heating plant. The year-round operation of the cogeneration system was simulated to estimate the electricity and heat production. We considered cost associated with the installation of the cogeneration system and piping as initial investments. Profits from selling electricity and recovering heat are counted as income, while costs associated with buying biogas are expenses. Simple payback periods of 2-10 years were projected under the current economic conditions of South Korea. We found that most of the proposed scenarios can contribute to both energy savings and environmental protection. © The Author(s) 2015.

Biogas production from catch crops

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Molinuevo-Salces, Beatriz; Larsen, Søren U.; Ahring, Birgitte Kiær

2013-01-01

, being in the ranges of 1.4–3.0 t ha−1 and 0.3–1.7 t ha−1 for Holstebro and Aabenraa, respectively. Specific methane yields were in the range of 229–450 m3 t−1 of VS. Methane yields per hectare of up to 800 m3 ha−1 were obtained, making catch crops a promising source of feedstock for manure-based biogas......Manure-based biogas plants in Denmark are dependent on high yielding biomass feedstock in order to secure economically feasible operation. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of ten different catch crop species or mixtures as feedstock for biogas production in co...

Integrated rural industrialization through biogas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1992-01-01

Role of biogas in rural industrialization in India is explained. The Khadi and Village Industries Commission has installed over 2 lakhs (0.2 million) biogas plants during the last 30 years. A 15 cu.m. capacity plant costs Rs. 35,000/-. It produces 65 tons bio-manure worth Rs. 13,000/- in a year and fuel gas equivalent to 3,285 litres of kerosene worth Rs. 9855/-. It provides employment to 300 man days. In addition to serving as a source of energy and manure, it reduces deforestation, solves rural sanitation problem and maintain environmental equilibrium. Industrial activities suitable for rural areas and which can use biogas as a source of power are indicated. (M.G.B.)

Fra Windows til sanserum

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Christian Ulrik

2003-01-01

Via Heideggers artikel "Die Kunst und der Raum" diskuteres det digitale, teknologiske og videnskabelige rum i forhold til en mere kunstnerisk præsentation af rum i digitale medier - som fx computerspillet....

BIOGAS STATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vladimir Lapčik

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The article summarizes the authors’ experience with environmental impact assessment in branch of biogas plants. The introductory part of the paper describes legislative obligations of the Czech Republic concerning the fulfilment of the European Union’s limits as for utilization of renewable energy resources. The next parts of the paper deal with an impact analysis of biogas plants on the environment. The final part of the paper deals with experience with implementation of the environmental impact assessment process in the field of biogas plants in the Czech Republic.

Critical evaluation of substitution of natural gas by biogas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Behrendt, F.

2009-01-01

Biogas use in Germany's distribution grid is regulated by the federal integrated energy and climate program. The key measures that influence the biogas feed-in include core regulation; changes to the act grating feed-in preference for electricity generated from renewable energies; regulation for heat supply from renewable energies; and regulations regarding biofuels. A critical evaluation of substitution of natural gas by biogas was presented. Specific topics that were discussed included aims and measures; potential; usage pathways for biogas; efficiency criteria of usage pathways; and location analysis. The presentation also discussed the parameters of raw biogas and regular distribution grid; a process chain for biogas upgrading; and criteria for process evaluation. It was concluded that costs and environmental relevance of biogas-processing can be compared over the complete life cycle for various pathways and configurations. This represented an excellent and very flexible planning tool. Subsidies and related measures could be focussed on the most efficient pathways. tabs., figs.

Achieving Sustainability: Insights from Biogas Ecosystems in India

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gita Surie

2017-02-01

Full Text Available This paper focuses on how the use of renewable energy technologies such as biogas can help to achieve environmental and socio-economic sustainability. It combines research on sustainable consumption and production, natural and industrial ecosystems and renewable energy adoption to develop a framework for an industrial ecosystem for biogas for bottom-of-the-pyramid and rural populations. The framework suggests that three dimensions of industrial ecosystems and a meta-dimension can be embedded in the design of a new industrial ecosystem for biogas to facilitate environmental and socio-economic sustainability. Case studies of an organization engaged in using biogas to create a sustainable bioenergy ecosystem for rural populations and two organizations producing biogas in urban India provide support for the framework.

Biogas from poultry waste-production and energy potential.

Science.gov (United States)

Dornelas, Karoline Carvalho; Schneider, Roselene Maria; do Amaral, Adriana Garcia

2017-08-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on poultry litter with different levels of reutilisation for potential generation of biogas in experimental biodigesters. Chicken litter used was obtained from two small-scale poultry houses where 14 birds m -2 were housed for a period of 42 days per cycle. Litter from aviary 1 received no heat treatment while each batch of litter produced from aviary 2 underwent a fermentation process. For each batch taken, two biodigesters were set for each aviary, with hydraulic retention time of 35 days. The efficiency of the biodigestion process was evaluated by biogas production in relation to total solids (TS) added, as well as the potential for power generation. Quantified volumes ranged from 8.9 to 41.1 L of biogas for aviary 1, and 6.7 to 33.9 L of biogas for aviary 2, with the sixth bed reused from both aviaries registering the largest biogas potential. Average potential biogas in m 3  kg -1 of TS added were 0.022 to 0.034 for aviary 1 and 0.015 to 0.022 for aviary 2. Energy values ​​of biogas produced were calculated based on calorific value and ranged from 0.06 to 0.33 kWh for chicken litter without fermentation and from 0.05 to 0.27 kWh for chicken litter with fermentation. It was concluded that the re-use of poultry litter resulted in an increase in biogas production, and the use of fermentation in the microbiological treatment of poultry litter seems to have negatively influenced production of biogas.

ORGANIC WASTE USED IN AGRICULTURAL BIOGAS PLANTS

OpenAIRE

Joanna Kazimierowicz

2014-01-01

Treatment of organic waste is an ecological and economical problem. Searching method for disposal of these wastes, interest is methane fermentation. The use of this process in agricultural biogas plants allows disposal of hazardous waste, obtaining valuable fertilizer, while the production of ecologically clean fuel – biogas. The article presents the characteristics of organic waste from various industries, which make them suitable for use as substrates in agricultural biogas plants.

Biogas programme in India

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

De Castro, J.

1996-01-01

The National Project on Biogas Development (NPBD) of the Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources (MNES) was introduced in 1981-1982 to promote the use of biogas installations in households. Several systems have been introduced, all based on two basic designs: floating metal drum (Janata model) and fixed masonry dome (Deenbandhu model). An overview is given of the results, incentives of the Indian government and constraints so-far of the NPBD. 3 figs., 1 tab., 1 ills

Jyske banker til kaffe hos Lizette

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ørholst, Henrik

2018-01-01

En fusion mellem Sydbank, Jyske Bank og Spar Nord vil kunne skabe et stærkt alternativ til Danske Bank og Nordea, men det er næppe realistisk. Her kunne bankerne lære noget af LO og FTF.......En fusion mellem Sydbank, Jyske Bank og Spar Nord vil kunne skabe et stærkt alternativ til Danske Bank og Nordea, men det er næppe realistisk. Her kunne bankerne lære noget af LO og FTF....

Challenges in biogas production

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rennuit, Charlotte

2017-01-01

Anaerobic digestion (AnD) is a sustainable process combining waste treatment, nutrient recycling and energy production which can contribute to limit climate change and environmental problems. However, in order for this technique to be more widely used, production of biogas from available wastes...... from a mixture of pig manure and other waste materials by separating the solid fraction of digestate and recycling it back to the digester. It is shown that separation and recycling of the dry matter rich solid fraction could successfully increase biogas production and a preliminary economic evaluation...... showed a potential increase of 1.9 to 6.8€ per ton of biomass treated. In the second part of this study, a biological treatment to improve energy production from wastewater sludge was investigated. Wastewater sludge was subjected to thermophilic aerobic digestion (TAD) from 2h to 5d. Increase in biogas...

Sustainability effects of household-scale biogas in rural China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gosens, Jorrit; Lu, Yonglong; He, Guizhen; Bluemling, Bettina; Beckers, Theo A.M.

2013-01-01

Households in rural China rely heavily on low quality fuels which results in reduced quality of life and environmental degradation. This study assesses the comparative contribution of household scale biogas installations to the broad set of sustainability objectives in the Chinese biogas policy framework, which targets household budget, fuel collection workload, forest degradation, indoor air quality and health, renewable energy supply, and climate change. A household survey was used to determine how biogas affected consumption levels of crop residues, fuel wood, coal, LPG, and electricity. Biogas users were found to reduce consumption of biomass fuels but not coal. Although LPG is not a highly commonly used fuel in rural China, biogas users nearly cease to use it altogether. A big reduction in fuel wood consumption results in strongly reduced workload and forest degradation. Although household scale biogas has alleviated all sustainability issues targeted by Chinese policies, low quality fuel use remains abundant, even in households using biogas. Continued promotion of the construction of biogas installations is advisable, but additional policies are needed to ensure higher quality heating energy supply and cleaner uses of biomass fuels. - Highlights: ► Household biogas alleviated all sustainability issues targeted by policy. ► Biogas users consume less biomass fuels, much less LPG, but similar amounts of coal. ► Strongest sustainability effects are reduced workload and forest degradation. ► Household budget effects are slight as commercial cooking fuel use is limited. ► Low quality fuel use remains abundant and further policy efforts are needed

Economic viability of biogas technology in a Bangladesh village

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Biswas, W.K.; Lucas, N.J.D.

1997-01-01

We estimate energy consumption for domestic cooking and biogas energy resources for 21 clusters of households in a village. Data were analyzed on a cluster basis, with investments shared. Under the present conditions, biogas technology would not be economically viable. Economic analysis involving viability tools including additional benefits of biogas technology indicate that creating a market for local biogas would make such a project feasible. (Author)

Economic and ecological evaluation of biogas plant configurations for a demand oriented biogas supply for flexible power generation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hahn, Henning

2015-01-01

The transformation of the power supply towards renewable energy (RE) sources will depend on a large scale of fluctuating RE sources, primarily of wind energy and photovoltaics. However, the variable power generation of these renewable sources will lead to an increased need of flexible power producers in order to balance differences between energy generation and consumption. Among the different types of RE sources, biogas plants have the advantage that their input biomass and the produced biogas can be stored and electricity can consequently be generated on demand. Since electricity from biogas has not been used to balance fluctuations of intermittent RE in the past, new concepts are required. These concepts should be able to meet the requirements of highly renewable electricity systems and to supply biogas according to the varying demand for long-and short-term balance power generation. In this regard, this thesis focused on the identification of biogas plant concepts for flexible power generation, as well as on ranking them regarding their economic and life cycle performance.

Economic and ecological evaluation of biogas plant configurations for a demand oriented biogas supply for flexible power generation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hahn, Henning

2015-07-01

The transformation of the power supply towards renewable energy (RE) sources will depend on a large scale of fluctuating RE sources, primarily of wind energy and photovoltaics. However, the variable power generation of these renewable sources will lead to an increased need of flexible power producers in order to balance differences between energy generation and consumption. Among the different types of RE sources, biogas plants have the advantage that their input biomass and the produced biogas can be stored and electricity can consequently be generated on demand. Since electricity from biogas has not been used to balance fluctuations of intermittent RE in the past, new concepts are required. These concepts should be able to meet the requirements of highly renewable electricity systems and to supply biogas according to the varying demand for long-and short-term balance power generation. In this regard, this thesis focused on the identification of biogas plant concepts for flexible power generation, as well as on ranking them regarding their economic and life cycle performance.

Biogas recirculation for simultaneous calcium removal and biogas purification within an expanded granular sludge bed system treating leachate.

Science.gov (United States)

Luo, Jinghuan; Lu, Xueqin; Liu, Jianyong; Qian, Guangren; Lu, Yongsheng

2014-12-01

Biogas, generated from an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor treating municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate, was recirculated for calcium removal from the leachate via a carbonation process with simultaneous biogas purification. Batch trials were performed to optimize the solution pH and imported biogas (CO2) for CaCO3 precipitation. With applicable pH of 10-11 obtained, continuous trials achieved final calcium concentrations of 181-375 mg/L (removal efficiencies≈92.8-96.5%) in the leachate and methane contents of 87.1-91.4% (purification efficiencies≈65.4-82.2%) in the biogas. Calcium-balance study indicates that 23-986 mg Ca/d was released from the bio-system under the carbonized condition where CaCO3 precipitating was moved outside the bioreactor, whereas 7918-9517 mg Ca/d was trapped into the system for the controlled one. These findings demonstrate that carbonation removal of calcium by biogas recirculation could be a promising alternative to pretreat calcium-rich MSW leachate and synergistically to improve methane content. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Renewable Hydrogen Potential from Biogas in the United States

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saur, G.; Milbrandt, A.

2014-07-01

This analysis updates and expands upon previous biogas studies to include total potential and net availability of methane in raw biogas with respect to competing demands and includes a resource assessment of four sources of biogas: (1) wastewater treatment plants, including domestic and a new assessment of industrial sources; (2) landfills; (3) animal manure; and (4) a new assessment of industrial, institutional, and commercial sources. The results of the biogas resource assessment are used to estimate the potential production of renewable hydrogen from biogas as well as the fuel cell electric vehicles that the produced hydrogen might support.

Teknologisk roadmap viser vej til vækstteknologier

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ricard, Lykke Margot

2013-01-01

Hvilke teknologier er fremtidens vækstteknologier, som skal begunstiges med offentlige investeringer? Det har de nye EU-roadmap 2020-processer vist sig overlegne til at udpege – ikke mindst i forhold til den tidligere udskældte picking the winners-strategi. I roadmap-processerne kortlægges koordi...

En Praktisk Stokastisk Tilgang til Activity-Based Costing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Steen

2005-01-01

Økonomistyringslitteraturen forudsætter som udgangspunkt en deterministisk tilgang til alle inddata. Dette gælder også i relation til ABC. Imidlertid vides, at stort alle beslutninger indeholder en mængde usikre forhold. Men hvorfor inddrage usikkerhed i beslutninger, f.eks. ved at fitte en sands...

Environmental systems analysis of biogas systems; Miljoeanalys av biogassystem

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boerjesson, Paal; Berglund, Maria

2003-05-01

The purpose of this study is to analyse various biogas systems from an environmental point of view. The analyses are based on a systems analysis approach and an energy perspective. Biogas systems included are based on various combinations of substrates and final use of the biogas (heat, power and transportation fuel). The overall aims are to calculate fuel cycle emissions, quantify indirect environmental effects when various reference systems are replaced (e.g. current systems for waste treatment, agricultural production and energy generation), and to present data, calculations and results in a clear and transparent way, making the study useful for other environmental systems analyses. A general conclusion is that the environmental impact from biogas systems can vary significantly due to such factors as which substrate, energy service and reference system are chosen, and if indirect environmental effects and the need of systems enlargement are considered. The introduction of biogas systems normally leads to a reduced contribution of greenhouse gases, with some exceptions such as when biogas is used for heat and the alternative is combustion of the biomass. Biogas from manure seems to result in particularly large reductions due to indirect benefits in the form of reduced leakage of methane compared with conventional methods for handling and storing manure. A prerequisite is, however, that the losses of methane are small or that methane is combusted and thus converted into carbon dioxide. This study shows that the losses of methane can be up to 8-26%, due to what kind of biogas system is studied, before the contribution of greenhouse gases exceeds the contribution from reference systems based on fossil fuels. The contribution of emissions that leads to eutrophication and acidification is almost always reduced when biogas systems are introduced. The indirect environmental benefits could be significant for biogas based on sugar beet tops when leaving the beet tops at

Biogas generation apple pulp.

Science.gov (United States)

Llaneza Coalla, H; Blanco Fernández, J M; Morís Morán, M A; López Bobo, M R

2009-09-01

In view of the pressing problem that appears in our region (Asturias, north of Spain) with the residues from the cider production, it was decided to test this kind of material as a co-substrate joint with slaughterhouse waste in a laboratory unit. The anaerobic digestion of apple pulp was investigated for biogas production. This paper presents the results where apple pulp was co-digested with slaughterhouse waste (pig intestine and bovine stomach content) in a biogas laboratory unit (10 l CSTR reactor). The production of biogas has reached very satisfactory values during the whole test (0.8m(3)kg(-1)OTS), verifying that the process is kept in stable conditions of pH (near 8.0), and the volatile fatty acids was always underneath 3000 mg/l, when the pulp amount was lower than 100g in mesophilic conditions. The fat concentration into the digester remained always below the value that causes inhibition of the methanogenic bacteria, 500 mg/l. Finally, methane concentration (77-80%) and H(2)S concentration (400 ppm) in the biogas, they were similar to those obtained when the test was run out in the absence of apple pulp. The process efficiency with respect to COD removal was high, near 80% of the total COD. Finally, inhibitory effects of methanogenic bacteria were observed when pulp concentration was around 10% in the input material.

Innovative pretreatment strategies for biogas production.

Science.gov (United States)

Patinvoh, Regina J; Osadolor, Osagie A; Chandolias, Konstantinos; Sárvári Horváth, Ilona; Taherzadeh, Mohammad J

2017-01-01

Biogas or biomethane is traditionally produced via anaerobic digestion, or recently by thermochemical or a combination of thermochemical and biological processes via syngas (CO and H 2 ) fermentation. However, many of the feedstocks have recalcitrant structure and are difficult to digest (e.g., lignocelluloses or keratins), or they have toxic compounds (such as fruit flavors or high ammonia content), or not digestible at all (e.g., plastics). To overcome these challenges, innovative strategies for enhanced and economically favorable biogas production were proposed in this review. The strategies considered are commonly known physical pretreatment, rapid decompression, autohydrolysis, acid- or alkali pretreatments, solvents (e.g. for lignin or cellulose) pretreatments or leaching, supercritical, oxidative or biological pretreatments, as well as combined gasification and fermentation, integrated biogas production and pretreatment, innovative biogas digester design, co-digestion, and bio-augmentation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Optimization of biogas production from manure

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kaparaju, Prasad Laxmi-Narasimha; Boe, Kanokwan; Buendia, Inmaculada M.

-scale studies showed that serial digestion with 77/23% volume distribution produced 1.9-6.1% more biogas compared to that obtained during one-step CSTR operation. However, temperature was found to have a strong influence on the methane production and process performance of the second reactor of a serial CSTR......The main objective of the project was to improve biogas production from manures. This objective was addressed by investigating 1) the effect of different reactor configurations, 2) operational procedures, aiming to selectively retain/return degradable material in the reactor and 3) different...... process at 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 50/50 or 30/70% volume distribution could produce 11-17.8% more biogas compared to single CSTR process under similar operating conditions. The increased biogas production was mainly from the second reactor of the serial process, which accounted for 16-18% of the total...

ORGANIC WASTE USED IN AGRICULTURAL BIOGAS PLANTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joanna Kazimierowicz

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Treatment of organic waste is an ecological and economical problem. Searching method for disposal of these wastes, interest is methane fermentation. The use of this process in agricultural biogas plants allows disposal of hazardous waste, obtaining valuable fertilizer, while the production of ecologically clean fuel – biogas. The article presents the characteristics of organic waste from various industries, which make them suitable for use as substrates in agricultural biogas plants.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL BIOGAS SECTOR IN POLAND

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magdalena Zubrzycka

2017-03-01

Full Text Available This article presents the legal regulations relating to Renewable Energy Sources, including the biogas sector. It discusses biogas production technologies, the current state and perspectives of agricultural biogas production in Poland, the production capabilities of Polish biogas plants and factors contributing to the attractiveness of the biogas sector. The following economic and ecological aspects of biogas production were considered in the study: profitability and environmental impacts, including reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Despite numerous problems, the Renewable Energy Sources Act provides an opportunity for the growth and development of the biogas industry in Poland.

Perspectives on Spatial Decision Support Concerning Location of Biogas Production

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bojesen, Mikkel

in biogas production. This ambition requires that more than 20 new large scale centralised biogas plants are built. The location of these plants is associated with a number of externalities and uncertainties and the existing biogas sector struggles to establish itself as a viable energy producing sector....... Meanwhile planners and decision makers struggle to find sustainable locations that comprehensively balance the multiple concerns the location of biogas facilities includes. This PhD project examines how spatial decision support models can be used to ensure sustainable locations of future biogas plants......, understand the industrial economic aspects of such a role. Through the use of spatial multi-criteria evaluation models stakeholder preferences to decision criteria are included in a sustainable biogas facility location analysis. By the use of these models it is demonstrated how overall biogas production...

ESCO-samarbejde: en vej til energioptimering

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Jesper Ole; Nielsen, Susanne Balslev

2013-01-01

Som forvaltere af bygningsporteføljer er mange danske kommuner i gang med en strategi for energioptimering af eksisterende bygninger. Overvejelserne går på mål og visioner, in-house eller outsourcing af opgaverne, samt vurderinger af konkrete tiltag. En ny rapport opsamler de foreløbige erfaringe...... med brug af ESCO (Energy Service Companies) til energieffektivisering i kommunale bygninger. Målgruppen for rapporten er primært kommunerne, men også andre bygningsejere kan finde inspiration og vejledning til energioptimering i FM....

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from patients with glioma

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Liu, Zhenjiang; Meng, Qingda; Bartek, Jiri

2017-01-01

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may represent a viable source of T cells for the biological treatment of patients with gliomas. Glioma tissue was obtained from 16 patients, tumor cell lines were established, and TILs were expanded in 16/16 cases using a combination of IL-2/IL-15/IL-21...

Explosion characteristics of synthesised biogas at various temperatures.

Science.gov (United States)

Dupont, L; Accorsi, A

2006-08-25

Biogas is considered as a valuable source of renewable energy. Indeed, it can be turned into useful energy (heat, electricity, fuel) and can contribute to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Knowledge of its safety characteristics is a very important practical issue. Experimental investigation of synthesised biogas explosion characteristics was conducted in a 20-L sphere at various temperatures (30-70 degrees C) and at atmospheric pressure. The studied biogas was made of 50% methane (CH(4)) and 50% carbon dioxide (CO(2)). It was also saturated with humidity: this composition is frequently met in digesters during waste methanisation. There are two inert gases in biogas: water vapour and carbon dioxide. Its vapour water content rises along with temperature. The presence of these inert gases modifies considerably biogas characteristics compared to the ones of pure methane: explosion limits are lowered and beyond 70 degrees C, water vapour content is sufficient to inert the mixture. Furthermore, explosion violence (estimated with the maximum rate of pressure rise values, (dp/dt)(max)) is three times lower for biogas than for pure methane at ambient temperature.

Explosion characteristics of synthesised biogas at various temperatures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dupont, L. [Institut National de l' Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, Verneuil-en-Halatte (France)]. E-mail: laurent.dupont@ineris.fr; Accorsi, A. [Institut National de l' Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, Verneuil-en-Halatte (France)]. E-mail: antoinette.accorsi@ineris.fr

2006-08-25

Biogas is considered as a valuable source of renewable energy. Indeed, it can be turned into useful energy (heat, electricity, fuel) and can contribute to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Knowledge of its safety characteristics is a very important practical issue. Experimental investigation of synthesised biogas explosion characteristics was conducted in a 20-L sphere at various temperatures (30-70deg. C) and at atmospheric pressure. The studied biogas was made of 50% methane (CH{sub 4}) and 50% carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}). It was also saturated with humidity: this composition is frequently met in digesters during waste methanisation. There are two inert gases in biogas: water vapour and carbon dioxide. Its vapour water content rises along with temperature. The presence of these inert gases modifies considerably biogas characteristics compared to the ones of pure methane: explosion limits are lowered and beyond 70deg. C, water vapour content is sufficient to inert the mixture. Furthermore, explosion violence (estimated with the maximum rate of pressure rise values (dp/dt){sub max}) is three times lower for biogas than for pure methane at ambient temperature.

Explosion characteristics of synthesised biogas at various temperatures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dupont, L.; Accorsi, A.

2006-01-01

Biogas is considered as a valuable source of renewable energy. Indeed, it can be turned into useful energy (heat, electricity, fuel) and can contribute to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Knowledge of its safety characteristics is a very important practical issue. Experimental investigation of synthesised biogas explosion characteristics was conducted in a 20-L sphere at various temperatures (30-70deg. C) and at atmospheric pressure. The studied biogas was made of 50% methane (CH 4 ) and 50% carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). It was also saturated with humidity: this composition is frequently met in digesters during waste methanisation. There are two inert gases in biogas: water vapour and carbon dioxide. Its vapour water content rises along with temperature. The presence of these inert gases modifies considerably biogas characteristics compared to the ones of pure methane: explosion limits are lowered and beyond 70deg. C, water vapour content is sufficient to inert the mixture. Furthermore, explosion violence (estimated with the maximum rate of pressure rise values (dp/dt) max ) is three times lower for biogas than for pure methane at ambient temperature

Afsluttende kommentar til Jens Ravnkildes tre artikler om retskildebegrebet

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holtermann, Jakob v. H.; Olsen, Henrik Palmer

2014-01-01

I dette andet svar til Dr. Jur. Jens Ravnkildes fortsatte forsvar for sit tidligere fremsatte forslag til et retskildebegreb klargør og udbygger lektor Jakob v. H. Holtermann og professor Henrik Palmer Olsen deres kritik yderligere. I den forbindelse afviser de også Ravnkildes ganske sensationell...... påstand om, at Ross blot fem år før sin død i 1979 helt skulle have forladt sit livsværk og opgivet sin karakteristiske version af retsrealismen til fordel for traditionel kelseniansk retspositivisme...

Energy Efficiency of Biogas Produced from Different Biomass Sources

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Begum, Shahida; Nazri, A H

2013-01-01

Malaysia has different sources of biomass like palm oil waste, agricultural waste, cow dung, sewage waste and landfill sites, which can be used to produce biogas and as a source of energy. Depending on the type of biomass, the biogas produced can have different calorific value. At the same time the energy, being used to produce biogas is dependent on transportation distance, means of transportation, conversion techniques and for handling of raw materials and digested residues. An energy systems analysis approach based on literature is applied to calculate the energy efficiency of biogas produced from biomass. Basically, the methodology is comprised of collecting data, proposing locations and estimating the energy input needed to produce biogas and output obtained from the generated biogas. The study showed that palm oil and municipal solid waste is two potential sources of biomass. The energy efficiency of biogas produced from palm oil residues and municipal solid wastes is 1.70 and 3.33 respectively. Municipal solid wastes have the higher energy efficiency due to less transportation distance and electricity consumption. Despite the inherent uncertainties in the calculations, it can be concluded that the energy potential to use biomass for biogas production is a promising alternative.

ISABEL Triggering Sustainable Biogas Energy Communities through Social Innovation

Science.gov (United States)

Baumgarten, Wibke; Piedra Garcia, Diego

2017-04-01

The Horizon 2020 funding project ISABEL (Triggering Sustainable Biogas Energy Communities through Social Innovation) is all about promoting, supporting and developing community biogas in Europe. The project is set on providing all the framework conditions for biogas communities to shape, develop and thrive. It works on all angles to pave the way for the transition from traditional supply chains to community ownership and take full advantage of the ample societal benefits of regional community-driven biogas systems, fuelled and inspired by Social Innovation principles. The biogas communities emerge in three targeted ISABEL regions, Baden-Württemberg in Germany, Central and Eastern Macedonia and Thrace in Greece and Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and the Humber in UK. To realize this vision ISABEL is employing its "5E strategy" with the following objectives: Educate: Re-position biogas energy by re-branding it as a "public good". Engage: Enable the development of regional Biogas Communities. Empower: Utilize the created momentum through Social Innovation and Public Participation Evaluate: Assess the local interventions and drafting lessons and guidelines Expand: Maximise impact through transfer and replication

Cavitation for improved sludge conversion into biogas

Science.gov (United States)

Stoop, A. H.; Bakker, T. W.; Kramer, H. J. M.

2015-12-01

In several studies the beneficial influence of pre-treatment of waste activated sludge with cavitation on the biogas production was demonstrated. It is however, still not fully certain whether this effect should be mainly contributed to an increase in conversion rate of organics into biogas by anaerobic bacteria, and how much cavitation increases the total biogas yield. An increase in yield is only the case if cavitation can further disrupt otherwise inaccessible cell membrane structures and long chain organic molecules. In this study the influence of hydrodynamic cavitation on sludge that was already digested for 30 days was investigated. The total biogas yield could indeed be increased. The effect of the backpressure behind the venturi tube on the yield could not yet be established.

National scenario of biogas generation: an overview

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singh, Sudha; Katiyar, M.K.; Khan, M.A.; Singh, Amarik

1995-01-01

Many developing countries are encouraging the installation of biogas plant in rural sector and industrial sector to meet the demand of energy. India is one of the pioneer countries in the world who initiated adaptation of biogas technology in rural sector about 35 years ago. In India Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Energy and Planning Commission are promoting the research and popularization programme, related to biogas technology. 4 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs

Fugemateriale til belægningssten og fliser

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Kristian

2004-01-01

Der anlægges ca. 9 millioner kvadratmeter belægning i betonsten og fliser om året i Danmark. Fugearealet udgør gennemsnitlig 4 %, svarende til et areal på ca. 36 ha.......Der anlægges ca. 9 millioner kvadratmeter belægning i betonsten og fliser om året i Danmark. Fugearealet udgør gennemsnitlig 4 %, svarende til et areal på ca. 36 ha....

Betontanke til landbrug

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brøndum-Nielsen, T.

Publikationen fremlægger generelle beregningsmetoder for ringforspændte elementtanke. Desuden redegøres for årsager til skader på betontanke, især konstruktive forhold, både i forbindelse med projektering og udførelse. Meget af stoffet er derfor også relevant for udformning af slapt armerede beto...

Sygepleje til trakeostomerede patienter

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Dorthe Wiinholdt; Richard, René; Rydahl Hansen, Susan

2016-01-01

Der er ikke enighed om principperne bag plejen af trakeostomerede patienter, når de er i risiko for dysfagi og silent aspiration. Uenigheden har ført til udarbejdelse af en klinisk retningslinje med evidensbaserede anbefalinger....

Simultaneously upgrading biogas and purifying biogas slurry using cocultivation of Chlorella vulgaris and three different fungi under various mixed light wavelength and photoperiods.

Science.gov (United States)

Cao, Weixing; Wang, Xue; Sun, Shiqing; Hu, Changwei; Zhao, Yongjun

2017-10-01

In order to purify biogas slurry and biogas simultaneously, three different fungi, Pleurotus geesteranus (P. geesteranus), Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), and Pleurotus ostreatus (P. ostreatus) were pelletized with Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris). The results showed that the optimal light wavelength ratio for red:blue was 5:5 for these three different fungi-assisted C. vulgaris, resulting in higher specific growth rate as well as nutrient and CO 2 removal efficiency compared with other ratios. G. lucidum/C. vulgaris was screened as the best fungi-mialgae for biogas slurry purification and biogas upgrading with light/dark ratio of 14h:10h, which was also confirmed by the economic efficiency analysis of the energy consumptions. These results will provide a theoretical foundation for large-scale biogas slurry purifying and biogas upgrading using microalgae. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Biogas utilization as flammable for internal combustion engine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cardenas, H.

1995-01-01

In this work the energetic potential stored in form of generated biogas of organic industrial wastes treatment is analyzed. Biogas utilization as flammable at internal combustion engine coupled to electrical energy generating is studied in the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Bucaramanga city (Colombia). This Plant was designed for 160.000 habitants treatment capacity, 1300 m3/h wealth, 170 BDO/m3 residues concentration and 87% process efficiency. The plant generate 2.000 m3/d of biogas. In laboratory trials was worked with biogas originating from Treatment Plant, both without purifying and purified, and the obtained results were compared with both yields determined with 86-octanes gasoline and natural gas. The analysis of pollutant by-products generated in combustion process as leak gases, present corrosive compounds and not desirable. elements in biogas composition are included

Comparison of kinetic model for biogas production from corn cob

Science.gov (United States)

Shitophyta, L. M.; Maryudi

2018-04-01

Energy demand increases every day, while the energy source especially fossil energy depletes increasingly. One of the solutions to overcome the energy depletion is to provide renewable energies such as biogas. Biogas can be generated by corn cob and food waste. In this study, biogas production was carried out by solid-state anaerobic digestion. The steps of biogas production were the preparation of feedstock, the solid-state anaerobic digestion, and the measurement of biogas volume. This study was conducted on TS content of 20%, 22%, and 24%. The aim of this research was to compare kinetic models of biogas production from corn cob and food waste as a co-digestion using the linear, exponential equation, and first-kinetic models. The result showed that the exponential equation had a better correlation than the linear equation on the ascending graph of biogas production. On the contrary, the linear equation had a better correlation than the exponential equation on the descending graph of biogas production. The correlation values on the first-kinetic model had the smallest value compared to the linear and exponential models.

Studies in biogas technology. Part 4. A noval biogas plant incorporating a solar water-heater and solar still

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reddy, A K.N. [Indian Inst. of Science, Bangalore; Prasad, C R; Sathyanarayan, S R.C.; Rajabapaiah, P

1979-09-01

A reduction in the heat losses from the top of the gas holder of a biogas plant has been achieved by the simple device of a transparent cover. The heat losses thus prevented have been deployed to heat a water pond formed on the roof of the gas holder. This solar-heated water is mixed with the organic input for hot-charging of the biogas plant. To test whether the advantages indicated by a thermal analysis can be realized in practice, a biogas plant of the ASTRA design was modified to incorporate a roof-top water-heater. The operation of such a modified plant, even under worst case conditions, shows a significant improvement in the gas yield compared to the unmodified plant. Hence, the innovation reported here may lead to drastic reductions in the sizes and therefore costs of biogas plants. By making the transparent cover assume a tent-shape, the roof-top solar heater can serve the additional function of a solar still to yield distilled water. The biogas plant-cum-solar still described here is an example of a spatially integrated hybrid device which is extremely cost-effective.

Microaeration reduces hydrogen sulfide in biogas

Science.gov (United States)

Although there are a variety of biological and chemical treatments for removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from biogas, all require some level of chemical or water inputs and maintenance. In practice, managing biogas H2S remains a significant challenge for agricultural digesters where labor and opera...

Performance of a cycle Otto engine using biogas; Desempenho de um motor ciclo Otto utilizando biogas como combustivel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, Juliano de [Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR (Brazil). Centro de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologicas], e-mail: jsouza@unioeste.br; Souza, Samuel N. Melegari de, [Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR (Brazil); Machado, Paulo Romeu M [Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica

2004-07-01

The rising of the oil prices is increasing the search for alternative fuels. Brazil has a great availability of biogas from anaerobic digestion in the rural area, urban waste in the landfills and treatment of the municipal sewer. In this work were evaluated in dynamometer a cycle Otto engine using biogas, and were obtained the characteristics curves of torque and power. First was done the evidence test with gasoline, biogas and natural gas, using commercial systems for this fuels, using as comparison for other tests. After has been done tests for some combinations of ignition point, mixer of gas and compression tax. By the analysis of the results has been concluded that the better results for power and torque using biogas as fuel were with a tax compression of 12,5:1, gas mixer long and ignition point advanced in 45 deg. (author)

Domestic biogas development in developing countries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rakotojaona, Loic

2013-07-01

Communities that rely mostly on agriculture and livestock farming in developing countries can face strong pressure related to: - Energy access: for instance, in Africa, it is estimated that 68% of the population live without clean cooking facilities [1]. Energy access plays a key role in poverty alleviation. - Resources depletion: if a household uses firewood for cooking purposes, forests depletion in some areas makes firewood collection tougher. - Climate change mitigation: agriculture (i.e. the production of crop and livestock products) accounts for 13.5%2 of the global GHG emissions, and extensive systems are sometimes blamed for being less efficient than intensive ones when it comes to climate change mitigation (given that the later involve lower direct emissions per kg of product). In this context, access to clean and sustainable energy through domestic biogas production can help rural communities alleviate current pressures on the environment. In an urban context, domestic biogas in developing countries is also considered as a means for improving hygiene conditions (especially when it comes to public washrooms issues). This report only focuses on domestic biogas development within the frame of small scale agriculture and livestock production (i.e. in rural areas). The main objective of this document is to provide domestic biogas project developers with relevant information on the key issues to have in mind regarding national integration of such projects. This document gives a general presentation of domestic biogas and its main environmental, social and economic benefits. It also browses the main aspects one should have in mind (checklist) in order to assess local risks and opportunities for domestic biogas development

Biogas in Portugal: Status and public policies in a European context

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferreira, Miguel; Marques, Isabel Paula; Malico, Isabel

2012-01-01

The current status and legal framework of biogas production in Portugal are analyzed and compared to that of five other European countries, characterized by wide-ranging diversity of substrates and biogas applications. With this comparison, and with the calculation of the biogas energy potential in Portugal, the authors want to assess the significance of developing the Portuguese biogas sector. This study illustrates that the highest biogas feed-in tariffs are applied in the countries with a more developed sector. In Portugal, despite the fact that the organic effluents are a relevant energy source (873 Mm 3 biogas per year; 4889 GW h yr −1 ) and that new feed-in tariffs were established, biogas valorisation is still at an early stage. The importance of anaerobic digestion was only recognized in 2007 and the present installed power is about 10% of the potential electrical power (229 MW). Therefore, it is desirable to strengthen the national and regional biogas market. - Highlights: ► This work is a contribution to promote the development of national biogas sector. ► Current state of biogas production in EU is presented: five countries are considered. ► Portuguese legal framework on biogas is compared to other European countries. ► Organic effluents produced in Portugal are by themselves a relevant source of energy. ► The biogas sector in Portugal is still at an early stage of growth.

Inspirationsguide til god udeskolepraksis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ejbye-Ernst, Niels; Mygind, Lærke; Bentsen, Peter

2016-01-01

Inspirationsguide til udeskole ”Hvad er udeskole?”,”Hvorfor udeskole?” og ”Hvordan udeskole?”. Det er centrale spørgsmål denne guide belyser. Bl.a. igennem forskningsresultater, cases og refleksionsspørgsmål....

En gave til skolernes litteraturundervisning

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Peter Stein

2015-01-01

Mens Caspar Erics debutdigtsamling, " 7/ 11", fra sidste år var præget af en stil, hvor der i en hæsblæsende strøm blev refereret til Facebook, You-Tube, iPhone, mp3, Macbook, Twitter og Netflix, frem for at man fik noget at vide om, hvad der rørte sig i ... ......Mens Caspar Erics debutdigtsamling, " 7/ 11", fra sidste år var præget af en stil, hvor der i en hæsblæsende strøm blev refereret til Facebook, You-Tube, iPhone, mp3, Macbook, Twitter og Netflix, frem for at man fik noget at vide om, hvad der rørte sig i ... ...

Socio-economic evaluation of selected biogas technologies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moeller, F.; Martinsen, L.

2013-05-15

Financial and welfare economic analyses are conducted of 15 different biogas production scenarios that vary in terms of plant size and type of input. All considered scenarios lead to welfare economic losses. Overall welfare economic GHG reduction costs seem to increase with increasing crop/crop material share of input, and although the costs vary significantly across scenarios they are quite high for all scenarios. The financial analyses suggest that biogas production generally will be financially profitable for the agricultural sector and local CHP facilities but unprofitable for the biogas plants and the State. Seen from a policy perspective the results highlights the importance of designing regulatory instruments in a way that create incentives for private actors to engage in welfare economically desirable biogas production activities while discouraging the expansion of welfare economically undesirable activities. (Author)

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Landfills Convert Biogas Into Renewable

Science.gov (United States)

Natural Gas Landfills Convert Biogas Into Renewable Natural Gas to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Landfills Convert Biogas Into Renewable Natural Gas on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Landfills Convert Biogas Into Renewable Natural Gas on Twitter Bookmark

Farm scale biogas concepts in Europe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wellinger, A [Nova Energie, Ettenhausen (Switzerland)

1997-08-01

The near future of farm scale biogas production looks bright as long as the high electricity prices are maintained by political will and subsidies remain higher than approx. 20%. If in all the number of biogas plants is growing as it is in Germany (Within the last two years about 200 new plants have been built) then biogas will add its share to a nuclear power free electricity production, as does wind energy in Germany, Holland or Denmark. The standard for manure digesters is set. There is still some way to go for solid waste digesters. However, first inputs have been given. (EG) 10 refs.

Uddannelse til entreprenørskab i sociale uddannelser

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Willer, Jens; Løwenstein, Kim

koncept om ny uddannelse til SE. I en separat del i afhandlingen præsenterer et koncept om en uddannelse til SE. Uddannelsen skal fungerer gennem fortløbende eksplorativ netværksdannelse deltagere og uddannelsesinstitutioner imellem. Vi tænker SE både bredt og hybridt – både som socialøkonomiske...

Prospects for expanded utilization of biogas in Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Poeschl, Martina; Ward, Shane; Owende, Philip

2010-01-01

The prospects for expanded utilization of biogas systems in German was analysed, by identifying the operational and policy factors affecting the complete chain of processes from implementation process for biogas plants, through to biogas production and utilization. It was found that the Renewable Energies Act (EEG) and energy tax reliefs provide bases for the support of expanded utilization. Upgrading of biogas to natural gas quality for utilization in the transportation sector was arguably the most promising technology that could support rapid utilization expansion. Sustainable deployment of biogas systems in light of the unstable feedstock prices and availability, and the need for subsidy-free operation in the long term requires; enhancement of feedstock flexibility and quality characteristics to maximise gas yield, and optimisation of the anaerobic digestion process management. Assessment of energy balance and potential environmental impacts of the integrated process chain provides a holistic assessment of sustainability. The results also support the development and foster of policies and framework for development of biogas as environmentally friendly energy resource, among a mix of renewable energy sources, hence, compete favourably with fossil fuels to enhance the prospects for expanded utilization. (author)

The Usage of Biogas in Fuel Cell Systems; Utilizacion de Biogas en Pilas de Combustible

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perez Martinez, M; Cuesta Santianes, M J; Nunez Crespi, S; Cabrera Jimenez, J A

2008-08-06

The usage of biogas in fuel cell systems is nowadays considered as a promising alternative for energy production worldwide as it involves the use of a valuable residual biomass resource that could enable the obtention of combined heat, cold and power generation very efficiently, while additionally avoiding greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Both development lines (biogas and fuel cells) and their associated technologies are receiving a great support from the different states, pioneer countries being Japan and U.S.A. The objective of this study is to make a detail analysis of the state of the art of biogas-powered fuel cell systems worldwide. Most representative players in the field are identified through the search of the scientific publications, projects and patent documents in which they are involved. (Author) 18 refs.

Closing CO2 Loop in Biogas Production: Recycling Ammonia As Fertilizer.

Science.gov (United States)

He, Qingyao; Yu, Ge; Tu, Te; Yan, Shuiping; Zhang, Yanlin; Zhao, Shuaifei

2017-08-01

We propose and demonstrate a novel system for simultaneous ammonia recovery, carbon capture, biogas upgrading, and fertilizer production in biogas production. Biogas slurry pretreatment (adjusting the solution pH, turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand) plays an important role in the system as it significantly affects the performance of ammonia recovery. Vacuum membrane distillation is used to recover ammonia from biogas slurry at various conditions. The ammonia removal efficiency in vacuum membrane distillation is around 75% regardless of the ammonia concentration of the biogas slurry. The recovered ammonia is used for CO 2 absorption to realize simultaneous biogas upgrading and fertilizer generation. CO 2 absorption performance of the recovered ammonia (absorption capacity and rate) is compared with a conventional model absorbent. Theoretical results on biogas upgrading are also provided. After ammonia recovery, the treated biogas slurry has significantly reduced phytotoxicity, improving the applicability for agricultural irrigation. The novel concept demonstrated in this study shows great potential in closing the CO 2 loop in biogas production by recycling ammonia as an absorbent for CO 2 absorption associated with producing fertilizers.

The impact of CO2-costs on biogas usage

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Ida Græsted; Nielsen, Lise Skovsgaard

2017-01-01

The Danish government has set a target of being fossil fuel independent by 2050 implying that a high degree of inflexible renewable energy will be included in the energy system; biogas can add flexibility and potentially has a negative CO2-emission. In this paper, we investigate the socioeconomic...... system costs of reaching a Danish biogas target of 3.8 PJ in the energy system, and how CO2 costs affect the system costs and biogas usage. We perform our analysis using the energy systems model, Balmorel, and expand the model with a common target for raw biogas and upgraded biogas (biomethane). Raw...... biogas can be used directly in heat and power production, while biomethane has the same properties as natural gas. Balmorel is altered such that natural gas and biomethane can be used in the same technologies. Several CO2-cost estimates are investigated; hereunder a high estimate for the expected CO2...

Review of desulfurization process for biogas purification

Science.gov (United States)

Xiao, Cong; Ma, Yunqian; Ji, Dandan; Zang, Lihua

2017-12-01

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic and odorous compound present in biogas produced by the anaerobic digestion of biosolids and other organic materials. Elimination of H2S is necessary as it is extremely hazardous to human health, poisonous to process catalysts and corrosive to equipment. The desulfurization technology is an important part for efficient utilization of biogas. In this paper, the traditional wet and dry desulfurization technology for biogas was reviewed, and the new research progress of biological desulfurization technologies are also introduced.

Impact of Biogas Technology in the Development of Rural Population

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sakhawat Ali1

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Biogas technology is useful technology to produce a renewable, high-quality fuel i.e. biogas. In Rural areas people use biomass fuels (firewood and dried dung for meeting their energy utilization demands. This demand is fulfilled by deforestation and land degradation which results in different health and societal problems and also cause excessive emission of greenhouse gases. The rural population of developing countries is in dire need of biogas for cooking, lighting, heating and feedstock etc. The biogas production derives from various agricultural resources, such as manure and harvest remains enormously available. Biogas technology represents a sustainable way to produce energy for household, particularly in developing countries. It can be cost-effective and environment friendly technology for the people in rural areas. So, Biogas can be a best substitute of biomass fuels for use in rural areas. This review evaluates the use of biogas in developing rural areas and glances at problems and challenges as well as benefits and success factors.

Impact of Biogas Technology in the Development of Rural Population

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ali, S.; Nasreen, Z.; Usman, S.; Zahra, N.

2013-01-01

Biogas technology is useful technology to produce a renewable, high-quality fuel i.e. biogas. In Rural areas people use biomass fuels (firewood and dried dung) for meeting their energy utilization demands. This demand is fulfilled by deforestation and land degradation which results in different health and societal problems and also cause excessive emission of greenhouse gases. The rural population of developing countries is in dire need of biogas for cooking, lighting, heating and feedstock etc. The biogas production derives from various agricultural resources, such as manure and harvest remains enormously available. Biogas technology represents a sustainable way to produce energy for household, particularly in developing countries. It can be cost-effective and environment friendly technology for the people in rural areas. So, Biogas can be a best substitute of biomass fuels for use in rural areas. This review evaluates the use of biogas in developing rural areas and glances at problems and challenges as well as benefits and success factors. (author)

Evaluation and optimization of nutritional and environmental impact of biogas residues

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lichti, Fabian Heribert

2013-01-01

On the basis of the dynamic growth of biogas plants in Germany the fertilization with biogas residues has obtained an important role for recirculation of plant nutrients, particularly with regard to nitrogen. In this work the effect of N nutrition with biogas residues was assessed in a 3-year on-field trial conducted at four sites throughout Bavaria. The fertilizing effects were tested by varying rate and time of biogas residues application, using different application techniques and the addition of nitrification inhibitors on several crops. The biogas residues achieved mineral fertilizer equivalents of 30 - 45 %. Overall, the untreated biogas residues showed a slightly increased N efficiency compared to cattle manure, whereas particularly site-dependent differences resulted in large differences in N efficiency of biogas residues.

Integration of Cleaner Production and Waste Water Treatment on Tofu Small Industry for Biogas Production using AnSBR Reactor

Science.gov (United States)

Rahayu, Suparni Setyowati; Budiyono; Purwanto

2018-02-01

A research on developing a system that integrates clean production and waste water treatment for biogas production in tofu small industry has been conducted. In this research, tofu waste water was turned into biogas using an AnSBR reactor. Mud from the sewage system serves as the inoculums. This research involved: (1) workshop; (2) supervising; (3) technical meeting; (4) network meeting, and (5) technical application. Implementation of clean production integrated with waste water treatment reduced the amount of waste water to be treated in a treatment plant. This means less cost for construction and operation of waste water treatment plants, as inherent limitations associated with such plants like lack of fund, limited area, and technological issues are inevitable. Implementation of clean production prior to waste water treatment reduces pollution figures down to certain levels that limitations in waste water treatment plants can be covered. Results show that biogas in 16 days HRT in an AnSBR reactor contains CH4(78.26 %) and CO2 (20.16 %). Meanwhile, treatments using a conventional bio-digester result in biogas with 72.16 % CH4 and 18.12 % CO2. Hence, biogas efficiency for the AnSBR system is 2.14 times greater than that of a conventional bio-digester.

Biogas production from pineapple core - A preliminary study

Science.gov (United States)

Jehan, O. S.; Sanusi, S. N. A.; Sukor, M. Z.; Noraini, M.; Buddin, M. M. H. S.; Hamid, K. H. K.

2017-09-01

Anaerobic digestion of pineapple waste was investigated by using pineapple core as the sole substrate. Pineapple core was chosen due to its high total sugar content thus, indicating high amount of fermentable sugar. As digestion process requires the involvement of microorganisms, wastewater from the same industry was added in the current study at ratio of 1:1 by weight. Two different sources of wastewater (Point 1 and Point 2) were used in this study to distinguish the performance of microorganism consortia in both samples. The experiment was conducted by using a lab scale batch anaerobic digester made up from 5L container with separate gas collecting system. The biogas produced was collected by using water displacement method. The experiment was conducted for 30 days and the biogas produced was collected and its volume was recorded at 3 days interval. Based on the data available, wastewater from the first point recorded higher volume of biogas with the total accumulated biogas volume is 216.1 mL. Meanwhile, wastewater sample from Point 2 produced a total of 140.5 mL of biogas, by volume. The data shows that the origin and type of microorganism undeniably play significant role in biogas production. In fact, other factors; pH of wastewater and temperature were also known to affect biogas production. The anaerobic digestion is seen as the promising and sustainable alternatives to current disposal method.

Henvisning, assessment og egnethed til musikterapi i psykiatrisk regi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Niels Hannibal

2003-03-01

Full Text Available I denne artikel beskrives og uddybes emnerne henvisning, assessment og egnethed til musikterapi. Først redegøres for typiske henvisningsgrunde til musikterapi og for hvilken psykoterapeutiskbehandling musikterapien i psykiatrien tilbyder. Derefter gennemgås de egnethedskriterier der ligge til grund for assessmentproceduren i musikterapi regi. Derefter gennemgås assessmentforløbets konkrete opbygning hvor fokus er: musikken som konkret fænomen, somrelationelt felt og som symbolsk repræsentation. Der afsluttes med eksemplifi cering i gennem en case beskrivelse, hvor assessmentforløbet og den efterfølgende egnethedsvurdering gennemgås.

Asynchronous Distributed Control of Biogas Supply and Multienergy Demand

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Alkano, Desti; Scherpen, Jacquelien M.A.; Chorfi, Younes

2017-01-01

In this paper, we study the coordination between biogas producers who can use the biogas themselves, exchange biogas with their neighbors, or deliver it to the various energy grids, such as the low pressure gas grid or the power grid. These producers are called prosumers. In this setting, gas

Comparative evaluation of different types of biogas suitable for tropical country

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sahu, S.N.; Gbagbo, J.K.N.; Aneke, F.U.

1997-04-01

The biogas technology - anaerobic digestion - is described together with different types of biogas plants suitable for tropical countries. Cost-benefit analysis of establishing biogas plants, financial support options, and the benefits of using biogas as an energy source in rural areas are presented. (LN)

Developing a Family-Size Biogas-Fueled Electricity Generating System

OpenAIRE

Haryanto, Agus; Marotin, Fadli; Triyono, Sugeng; Hasanudin, Udin

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study is to develop a family-size biogas-fueled electricity generating system consisting of anaerobic digester, bio-filter scrubber, and power generating engine. Biogas was produced from a pilot scale wet anaerobic digester (5-m3 capacity). The biogas was filtered using bio-scrubber column filled with locally made compost to reduce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) content. Biogas composition was analysed using a gas chromatograph and its H2S level was measured using a H2S detector. ...

Influence of different practices on biogas sustainability

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boulamanti, Aikaterini K.; Donida Maglio, Sara; Giuntoli, Jacopo; Agostini, Alessandro

2013-01-01

Biogas production and use are generally regarded as a sustainable practice that can guarantee high greenhouse gas (GHG) savings. However, the actual carbon footprint of biogas is strongly influenced by several factors. The aim of this study is to analyse the environmental performance of different biogas to electricity scenarios. Two criticalities are identified as important: the choice of feedstock and the operational practice concerning the digestate. Maize, manure and co-digestion of them are the different feedstocks chosen. Maize has higher yields, but its cultivation has to be accounted for, which consists of 28–42% of the GHG emissions of the whole process of producing electricity. Manure is considered a residue and as a result benefits from no production stage, but also from avoided emissions from the normal agricultural practice of storing it in the farm and spreading it as fertiliser, but has lower methane yields. Co-digestion combines the benefits and disadvantages of the two different feedstocks. Digestate storage in open or closed tanks and further use as fertiliser is analysed. The environmental impact analysis shows that a substantial reduction of GHG emissions can be achieved with closed digestate storage. The GHG emissions savings vary from about 3% in the maize pathways with open storage up to 330% in the manure pathway with closed storage. The biogas pathways, though, have worse environmental performances in all other environmental impacts considered but ozone depletion potential when compared to the European electricity average mix. -- Highlights: ► Biogas sustainability depends on the feedstock and the digestate management. ► Closed storage is strongly recommended. ► Taking into consideration credits is recommended. ► The biogas pathways GHG emissions can be lower than the ones of the reference system. ► Biogas pathways have higher impact in eutrophication, ecotoxicity and PM potentials

Biogas production from Eichhornia crassipes aquatic plant; Producao de biogas a partir da planta aquatica Eichhornia crassipes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pereira, Roberto Guimaraes; Silva, Jose Goncalves da; Fernandes Filho, Jorge; Pereira, Maria Cristina Duarte Eiras [Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica. Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Mecanica]. E-mail: temrobe@vm.uff.br; Melo, Ricardo Bichara de [Light Servicos de Eletricidade S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)]. E-mail: rbmelo@light.com.br

2004-07-01

Virtually all plants and waste plants and animals may in some way be used as an energy source. The anaerobic digestion of these materials is an option, resulting in the biogas. Besides the gas obtained in the process, is produced, inside the biodigester, an excellent fertilizer. The aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes is found in large quantities in various water bodies, such as reservoirs, lakes and ponds, becoming mostly often a big problem and it is necessary its systematic removal of water. The bench biodigester used in the experiment of biodigestion of aquatic plants is composed of a reactor containing the biomass, where the biogas is produced, and a reservoir to monitor the production of biogas. The reactor is located within a receptacle containing water that can be heated by an electrical resistance, with the purpose of maintaining the temperature inside the reactor around 35 deg C. The results of analysis of gas of the reactor made in a gas chromatograph to CG MASTER of double ionization detector with a flame and thermal conductivity, show a percentage of 50% of methane in the biogas. The process of biodigestion of aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes shows potential to obtain biogas, with considerable levels of methane in order to make its exploitation. Also, were analyzed the biomass in the biodigester for determination of humid, total organic matter, mineral and organic carbon residue.

Er Web 2.0 klar til mainstream?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ivang, Reimer

2009-01-01

BLOG: Spørgsmålene der relateres til Web 2.0 er mange. Men en af de mest signifikante er om netop din virksomhed skal anvende Web 2.0 teknologier? Hvad kan I få ud af det?......BLOG: Spørgsmålene der relateres til Web 2.0 er mange. Men en af de mest signifikante er om netop din virksomhed skal anvende Web 2.0 teknologier? Hvad kan I få ud af det?...

Life cycle assessment of biogas from sewage treatment sludge; Livscykelanalys av biogas fraan avloppsreningsverksslam

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Palm, David; Ek, Mats (IVL Swedish Environmental Research Inst., Stockholm (Sweden))

2010-08-15

This report analyses the environmental impact from 1MJ of biogas (as vehicle fuel) produced by anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. Data are primarily taken from Kaeppala sewage treatment plant, but have been complemented with data from literature. As a base case, the biogas has only been given the environmental burden from upgrading and purification of raw gas. This is because the anaerobic digestion is an inherent part of the waste water treatment in Sweden, biogas being produced regardless of its chosen end utilization. Calculations have also been performed with system expansion where the anaerobic digestion, sludge treatment and replaced mineral fertilizer have been included in the analysis, as well as calculations based on economic and energy allocation. The results have been characterised in accordance to CML (2007) for the potential of global warming on a 100 year perspective, eutrophication, acidification, photochemical oxidation creation and particles. The study represents a Swedish state-of-the-art plant for biogas production but also includes a sensitivity analysis that cover a Swedish average plant and a worst case plant. The sensitivity analysis shows a major impact on the results from methane leakage during anaerobic digestion and upgrading. The electricity consumption and choice of Swedish average electricity versus Swedish marginal electricity is of less importance for the outcome of the study

Kan lignin omdannes til flydende brændstof?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Joachim Bachmann; Jensen, Anders; Felby, Claus

2015-01-01

Ved en solvolytisk omdannelse af plantematerialet lignin til et flydende brændstof behandles det ved høj temperatur og højt tryk i et passende opløsningsmiddel. En sådan proces kan gennemføres ikke-katalytisk og være med til at skabe flydende brændsler baseret på vedvarende energikilder. Her...

Branding til kritiske forbrugere

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hermansen, Judy; Østergaard, Per

2009-01-01

Mange forbrugere tager idag aktivt og bevidst stilling til alle dimensioner ved brandet. Denne forbrugertype har fået betegnelsen 'den refleksive forbruger' og er karakteriseret ved hele tiden at medreflektere alle aspekter af brandarkitekturen, når han eller hun køber og forbruger brands. Den...... refleksive forbruger er udtryk for en ny, kritisk forbrugerbevidsthed, som stiller skærpede krav til, hvordan brand management kan adressere forbrugerne - men som også giver nye spillerum for en kreativ udvikling af nye brandingstrategier. Den refleksive forbruger lever nemlig med et konstant, eksistentielt...... refleksive forbruger er tværtimod dybt afhængig af produkter, der kan "brande" ham som anderledes end alle mainstreamforbrugerne, der bare køber alt, hvad mainstreamvirksomhederne forsøger at prakke dem på. Den refleksive forbruger er med andre ord en Feinschmecker og i lighed med - eller måske rettere i...

 strong>Introduktion til Luhmanns organisationsteori i lyset af hans almene systemteoristrong>

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tække, Jesper

2007-01-01

information, der kan give teoriintern kompleksitet til at reducere kompleksiteten i den eksterne realitet. Luhmann har opbygget et system af iagttagelser der iagttager iagttagere, men som samtidig kan bruges til at iagttage sig selv som iagttager. Dette giver en frugtbar, empirifølsom og valid ramme til...

Fra talent til ekspert på fire semestre

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Stilling Olesen, Jesper

Jeg vil holde en tale som I nok vil have haft mere nytte af for fire semestre siden. Dengang var I talenter; nu er I allerede blevet eksperter i pædagogisk antropologi. I kan lytte til talen som en kærkommen lejlighed til at se tilbage på jeres tid på uddannelsen og reflektere over, om den vej, I...... valgte gennem studiet, var den bedste, eller om I kunne have gjort det endnu bedre. Jer, der er studerende, kan derimod lytte til talen som en mulighed for at overveje, om I forvalter jeres talent på den rette måde. I kan stadig nå at justere jeres strategi som studerende, så den kommer på omgangshøjde...

Utilization of waste as biogas substrateby dominan microbes identified

Science.gov (United States)

Nurlina, E.; Sambasri, S.; Hartati, E.; Safitri, R.; Hodijat, A.

2018-05-01

Indonesia as the tropics have a source of biomass feedstock which is very large, so the waste biomass can be used optimally as an energy source in the form of biogas. This study was conducted to obtain alternative energy from domestic waste materials, given the limited availability of petroleum and natural gas sourced from fossil fuels. This methodology is an experimental method, the process conditions at room temperature 25-27 °C, pH adjusted to the growth of microbes to produce biogas, retention time 20-60 days, the bioreactor is operated with a batch system, the volume of waste in the bioreactor is made permanent, so that the production of biogas in large scale will increase the pressure inside the bioreactor. Biogas is formed accommodated then distributed to the stove. Factors that determine the formation of biogas is a microbial species capable methanogens convert acetate into biogas. From the results of microbial identification of the isolates in the bioreactor, has identified three types of bacteria methanogens namely Methanospirillum hungatei, Methanobacterium polustre and Methanolacinapoynteri. The results of this study, domestic waste can be utilized as a substrate in biogas production, with the highest methane composition reaches 50.79%. This result is expected to increase public knowledge to utilize the waste into biogas as a renewable energy to sufficient the energy needs of household, so it does not depend on the energy derived from fossil fuels.

Performansi Purifikasi Biogas Dengan KOH Based Absorbent

OpenAIRE

Hermawan, Dadang; Hamidi, Nurkholis; Sasongko, Mega Nur

2016-01-01

The absorpstion of CO2 is aimed to increase the methane gas fraction in biogas. Enhancing methane fraction hopefully will increase the total energy of the biogas it self. The purification process of biogas minimizing another elements maintains combustion, especially minimizing H2O, CO2, and H2S. The purification using KOH as the absorbent to decrease the CO2. The result shown that the content of CO2 decreased into 27% from 35.5%, the average content of CH4 increased from 18% to 48.5%. Increas...

The perspectives of the French biogas market

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2012-05-01

After having outlined that France is the fourth European producer of biogas, that regulatory evolutions have been adopted in 2012 to support the market, and that operators are trying to take place on this market, this document proposes the table of content of a market study which addresses the following topics: definition, resources and valorisation modes, legal framework and support measures taken by public authorities, investments, costs and profitability of a biogas project, current status of production and valorisation of biogas in France and market perspectives, presentation of main actors and of their development strategies

A technical survey of power generation from biogas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1996-01-01

The objectives of this survey are: to review the use of biogas (ie landfill gas, sewage gas and farm gas) for power generation, mainly in the UK. To assess the performance of prime movers and the status and need for biogas pre-treatment. To review legislation with regard to emissions both in the UK and overseas. To provide a framework of good practice for choosing prime movers fuelled by biogas. (author)

Introduktion til programmering (P5/JS) version 1.0

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjerre, Anne

2015-01-01

Undervisningsmateriale til begynderprogrammering. Materialet er baseret på P5, som er et grafisk baseret Javascript-bibliotek. Applikationen skal åbnes i Firefox.......Undervisningsmateriale til begynderprogrammering. Materialet er baseret på P5, som er et grafisk baseret Javascript-bibliotek. Applikationen skal åbnes i Firefox....

Decentralized power generation from biogas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2008-01-01

Areva Bioenergies proposes ready-to-use biogas production and valorization units that use industrial effluents (liquid effluents, spent water, solid wastes). Biogas valorization is performed through cogeneration plants with an output power of 500 kW to 10 MW. This brochure presents Areva's global offer in methanation projects (support, engineering, optimization). Areva Bioenergies counts 20 dual-purpose power plants in operation or under construction in the world which represent an installed power of 220 MW

Study on biogas premixed charge diesel dual fuelled engine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duc, Phan Minh; Wattanavichien, Kanit

2007-01-01

This paper presents an experimental investigation of a small IDI biogas premixed charge diesel dual fuelled CI engine used in agricultural applications. Engine performance, diesel fuel substitution, energy consumption and long term use have been concerned. The attained results show that biogas-diesel dual fuelling of this engine revealed almost no deterioration in engine performance but lower energy conversion efficiency which was offset by the reduced fuel cost of biogas over diesel. The long term use of this engine with biogas-diesel dual fuelling is feasible with some considerations

Processing biogas to obtain motor fuel - Operational experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seifert, M.

2008-01-01

This article takes a look at how raw biogas can be processed in order to remove carbon dioxide and corrosive substances and thus bring it up to natural gas quality. The ecological advantages of using biogas as a fuel are discussed and the situation in Europe and Switzerland is examined. Also, feeding biogas into the normal natural gas mains is discussed and the technologies necessary for the cleaning and preparation of the biogas are described. These include absorption and adsorption processes as well as membrane systems that are used to remove excessive carbon dioxide. The costs involved are discussed on the basis of experience gained in Sweden and Switzerland. Finally, the environmental aspects of methane losses are discussed.

Fra Oklahoma! til Beauty and the Beast

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Steen Kaargaard

2010-01-01

Artiklens formål er at bidrage til en belysning af Original Broadway Cast-albummets historiske udvikling til og som distinkt fonografisk undergenre i den amerikanske produktion af musical-album. På baggrund af en kort introduktion til amerikansk musical-musik som fonografisk fænomen med definition...... konventionaliseringen af det kommercielle OBC-album behandles primært i en økonomisk, industrikulturel og teknologisk kontekstualisering....

Biogas generation from in-storage psychrophilic anaerobic digestion.

Science.gov (United States)

Giard, David; Choiniere, Denis; Cordeau, Sébastien; Barrington, Suzelle

2013-01-01

In-storage psychrophilic anaerobic digestion (ISPAD) is a technology allowing livestock producers to operate an anaerobic digester with minimum technological know-how and for the cost of a conventional storage cover. Nevertheless, the system is exposed to ambient temperatures and biogas production is expected to vary with climatic conditions. The objective of the project was therefore to measure ISPAD biogas production during the winter and fall seasons for a region east of Montreal, Canada. A calibrated biogas monitoring system was used to monitor biogas methane and carbon dioxide concentrations inside a two-year-old field installation with a 1000 m3 storage capacity. Despite a leaking pumping hatch, winter 2010 (January to March) methane concentrations varied directly with solar radiation and maximum exterior temperature, rather than with manure temperature at 2.4 and 1.2 m depths which remained relatively constant between 1 and 5 degrees C. During a six-month-period from November 2009 to April 2010, inclusively, the field ISPAD degraded 34% of the manure volatile solids corresponding to an average methane production of 40 m3/d. The ISPAD biogas production could be further increased by improving its air tightness and intrusion and by regularly pumping out the biogas.

Genvej til Viden

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2014-01-01

I UCC arbejder vi med at udvikle praksisnær viden til gavn for professionerne og deres uddannelser. Forskning i UCC tager afsæt i de udfordringer og velfærdsproblematikker, som lærere, pædagoger og sygeplejersker støder på i deres daglige praksis. Gennem dialog og tæt samarbejde med de profession...

Metoder til den børnefaglige undersøgelse

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, Kresta Munkholt

Denne afhandling omhandler rammerne for sagsbehandlingen i forhold til udsatte børn, unge og deres familier. Afhandlingen er centreret omkring, hvordan socialarbejderne oplever metoderne til den børnefaglige undersøgelse, og er udarbejdet i et komparativt perspektiv med fokus på følgende tre...

Towards novel biogas upgrading processes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Privalova, E.

2013-06-01

Biogas production has considerable development possibilities not only in Finland but all over the world since it it the easiest way of creating value out of various waste fractions and represents an alternative source of renewable energy. Development of efficient biogas upgrading technology has become an important issue since it improves the quality of biogas and for example facilitating its injection into the natural gas pipelines. Moreover, such upgrading contributes to resolving the issue of increasing CO{sub 2} emissions and addresses the increasing climate change concerns. Together with traditional CO{sub 2} capturing technologies a new class of recently emerged sorbents such as ionic liquids is claimed as promising media for gas separations. In this thesis, an extensive comparison of the performance of different solvents in terms of CO{sub 2} capture has been performed. The focus of the present study was on aqueous amine solutions and their mixtures, traditional ionic liquids, 'switchable' ionic liquids and poly(ionic liquid)s in order to reveal the best option for biogas upgrading. The CO{sub 2} capturing efficiency for the most promising solvents achieved values around 50-60 L CO{sub 2}/L absorbent. These values are superior to currently widely applied water wash biogas upgrading system. Regeneration of the solvent mixtures appeared to be challenging since the loss of initial efficiency upon CO{sub 2} release was in excess of 20-40 vol %, especially in the case of aqueous amine solutions. In contrast, some of the ionic liquids displayed reversible behavior. Thus, for selected 'switchable' ionic and poly(ionic liquid)s the CO{sub 2} absorption/regeneration cycles were performed 3-4 times without any notable efficiency decrease. The viscosity issue, typical for ionic liquids upon CO{sub 2} saturation, was addressed and the information obtained was evaluated and related to the ionic interactions. The occurrence of volatile organic compounds

Climate gas balances of biogas and their significance; Klimagasbilanzen von Biogas und ihre Aussagekraft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dressler, Daniela [HAWK Hildesheim Holzminden Goettingen, Goettingen (Germany). Fachgebiet Nachhaltige Energie- und Umwelttechnik NEUTec; Loewen, Achim; Nelles, Michael

2012-07-01

The greenhouse-gas balances of production and use of biogas strongly depend on specific parameters such as the input material, the system technology and/or the way the biogas is used. These parameters can vary from region to region and from plant to plant. Considering regional, local and plant-specific factors, in the district of Celle greenhouse-gas emissions are more than 3 times higher than in the district of Goettingen (0.2 resp. 0.06 kg CO{sub 2}-eqv./kWh{sub el}). Including further parameters such as indirect land use changes or an open storage of fermentation residues increases the differences of these specific results even more. Consequently a derivation of general values to calculate a climate protection potential for the production and use of biogas for all regions and/or countries is almost impossible. Climate protection potentials, created on the basis of general values, may therefore be considerably imprecise. (orig.)

Biogas cooperation for cogeneration plants; Biogaskooperation fuer Blockheizkraftwerke

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deeg, Thomas [Stadtwerke Schwaebisch Hall GmbH, Schwaebisch Hall (Germany)

2011-03-15

Since autumn 2010, via a 7 kilometre long biogas conduit an agricultural biogas plant supplies a cogeneration plant in the residential area Teurershof in Schwaebisch Hall. This enables a conversion of biogas with the highest possible efficiency in thermal energy and electricity. This is due to the attachment of the cogeneration plant in Teurershof to the district heating grid of the city Schwaebisch Hall so that the developing thermal energy completely can be used.

Methods and apparatus for hydrogen based biogas upgrading

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2013-01-01

The present invention relates to an anaerobic process for biogas upgrading and hydrogen utilization comprising the use of acidic waste as co-substrate.In this process,H2 and CO2 will be converted to CH4, which will result in lower CO2 content in the biogas. The invention relates to both in situ...... and ex situ methods of biogas upgrading. The invention further relates to a bioreactor comprising hollow fibre membranes....

Individual acceptance of the biogas innovation: A structural equation model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Emmann, Carsten H.; Arens, Ludwig; Theuvsen, Ludwig

2013-01-01

The rapid spread of biogas production in Germany has resulted in an increased public debate over this new business branch. Today the production of biogas is much more controversially debated than several years ago. At the same time it could be proven that even among farmers themselves the acceptance of biogas production in some regions is somewhat dampened due to accompanying “collateral damages”. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to identify relevant influencing factors that determine the acceptance of the innovation “biogas” among farmers by applying a causal analysis. Initial results among the five investigated determinants show that not only an individual attitude toward biogas but also the farmers' personal innovativeness strongly and significantly influences an individual's acceptance of the innovation “biogas”. -- Highlights: •Strong expansion of biogas production based on renewable resources in Germany since 2004. •Low acceptance of biogas production in some regions. •Identification of influencing factors that determine the individual acceptance of the biogas innovation among German farmers. •Compared to existing studies, personal innovativeness was taken into account in the causal model. •Results are important for the further expansion of biogas production in Germany as well as in other countries

Method for anaerobic fermentation and biogas production

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2013-01-01

The present invention relates to a method for biomass processing, anaerobic fermentation of the processed biomass, and the production biogas. In particular, the invention relates to a system and method for generating biogas from anaerobic fermentation of processed organic material that comprises...

Alternative policies to subsidize rural household biogas digesters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Changbo; Zhang, Yaoqi; Zhang, Lixiao; Pang, Mingyue

2016-01-01

Existing policies of household biogas projects focus mainly on supports on construction, but less consider management and maintenance, resulting in high scrap rate and waste of resources. Alternative policies must be explored to balance construction and operation. Taking the costs and benefits from a typical rural household biogas project, this paper assesses the economic performance at three different subsidy levels, i.e., no subsidy, existing standard and positive externality based standard. Furthermore three subsidy alternatives, one-time, annual and combined option are applied to the externality based standard. The results show that household biogas digesters have unsatisfactory economic performance without any subsidy and even in current subsidy policies. Environmental benefits of the digester were estimated as 2732 Chinese Yuan, significantly larger than existing subsidy standard. To keep continuous work during the 20-year lifespans of digesters, the income disparity of farmers among regions must be considered for policy application. With the increasing of labor costs, the ratio of initial subsidies must be reduced. These results provide policy implications to the future development of biogas projects in terms of both their construction and follow-up management, reuse of the abandoned digesters as well as the exploitation of other emerging renewable energy projects. - Highlights: •Cost-benefit analysis of biogas was conducted involving its positive externalities. •Current subsidy level and scheme discourages sustained biogas use. •Biogas subsidy level should be raised based on the value of positive externalities. •Regionalized subsidy system is needed to address the current inefficiency.

The Biogas from bio-energy electrical power plant of Nuevo Leon; Central electrica de biogas de bioenergia de Nuevo Leon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arvizu F, Jose L [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico); Saldana M, Jaime L [Sistemas de Energia Internacional S.A. de C.V. (Mexico)

2005-07-01

The biogas from bio-energy electrical power plant of Nuevo Leon represents, in all the national territory, the first experience on the advantage of biogas emitted by the sanitary landfills for the generation of electrical energy. Therefore, one of the specific objectives of this paper is the one of diffusion and reproduction of the same one in other cities of Mexico and Latin America. The project is framed within the world-wide policies on the control of emissions for the reduction of the greenhouse effect gases (GEG) and its impact in the global climatic change. The gas emitted by the trash sanitary landfills, commonly known as biogas, is a gas mixture derived from the decomposition of the organic matter of the municipal trash by microorganisms in anaerobic conditions. Biogas generated in the sanitary landfills has a methane content of 55% and a 35% of carbon dioxide. The balance 10% is made up of water steam, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen sulfur and other gases in minimum amounts. [Spanish] La Central Electrica de Biogas de Bioenergia de Nuevo Leon representa, en todo el territorio nacional, la primera experiencia sobre el aprovechamiento del biogas emitido por los rellenos sanitarios para la generacion de energia electrica. Por esta razon, uno de los objetivos especificos de este trabajo es la de difusion y reproduccion del mismo en otras ciudades de Mexico y Latinoamerica. El proyecto esta enmarcado dentro de las politicas mundiales sobre el control de emisiones para la reduccion de los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) y su impacto en el cambio climatico global. El gas emitido por la basura dispuesta en los rellenos sanitarios, comunmente conocido como biogas, es una mezcla de gases derivado de la descompensacion de la materia organica de la basura municipal por microorganismos en condiciones anaerobias. El biogas generado en los rellenos sanitarios tiene un contenido de metano del 55% y un 35% de bioxido de carbono. El 10% restante se compone de vapor

Biogas Upgrading Using SOEC with a Ni-ScYSZ Electrode

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ebbesen, Sune Dalgaard; Bøgild Hansen, John; Mogensen, Mogens Bjerg

2013-01-01

Biogas consists mainly of CH4, CO2 and small amounts of H2S. The value of biogas will increase significantly if it is upgraded to pipeline quality by converting CO2 and H2O in the biogas to CO and H2 using a Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) followed by methanation. The Ni-ScYSZ-cermet electrode...... is, however, active for steam reforming of CH4, but sulphur traces in the biogas reduce the steam reforming activity. It is proven that sulphur stops steam reforming activity whereas the electrochemistry is only affected to a limited degree, showing that up-grading of biogas using SOEC with Ni...

Modelization of Biogas production in Sanitary landfills; Modelizacion de la produccion de Biogas en vertederos controlados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodriguez-Iglesias, J.; Castrillon, L.; Maranon, E.; Sastre, H. [Universidad de Oviedo (Spain)

2000-07-01

Amongst all the different alternatives for the eliminator or treatment of MSW (Municipal Solid Waste), sanitary landfills is probably the one that is most widely employed to date, due to its economic advantages. With the coming into effect of the Spanish Containers and Packaging Law, alongside that of the Council Directive 1999/31/CE, concerning waste disposal, this situation will be substantially modified. At the same time, the application of said Directive will influence the amount of biogas generated in landfills. The present research work a study of the influence that the aforementioned Directive will have on the production of biogas in a sanitary landfill which currently disposes of around 400.000 Tm/year of MSW, 52% of which is easily biodegradable organic matter. The model proposed by Marticorena was applied and the kinetic parameters, MPO and d, were experimentally obtained by means of a pilot-plant study of MSW anaerobic degradation, the values employed being 173 Nm3 of biogas/Tm of the organic fraction of MSW for MPO, and 3 years for d. The results obtained in the model are compared with those obtained experimentally at the COGERSA landfill, Asturias, Spain. Twenty wells were chosen to analyse the production of biogas, giving an overall average yield of 70%. In 1999, around 4,100 m''3/h of biogas were extracted at the COGERSA landfill. Application of the model gave an estimation for 1999 of an average production of 5,369 m''3/h giving a maximum yield in the extraction of biogas of around 75%. The difference between the two average yields obtained may be due to the fact that the model only takes into account the easily biodegradable organic fraction, whilst in the landfill, given that more time has passed, other substances with a longer period of degradation, such as paper and cardboard, may also be degraded. (Author) 10 refs.

Labour 4.0: Kompetencer til fremtidens industri

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wæhrens, Brian Vejrum; Lassen, Astrid Heidemann; Nørgaard, Bente

2018-01-01

I Danmark fremhæves Region Nordjylland ofte som et område, der har et stort, men også et uudnyttet potentiale i forhold til mulighederne i det nye industriparadigme Industri 4.0. I regionen er der kompetencer og viden fra både den traditionelle fremstillingsindustri og fra IT-klyngen, der...... blomstrede omkring mobilindustrien i 1990´erne og siden har dannet grobund for mange nye virksomheder indenfor trådløs-/kommunikationsteknologi i mange andre industrier. Industri 4.0 bygger netop på at integrere digitalisering, automatisering og robotteknologi med traditionelle fremstillingsindustrier, og på...... den måde globalt skabe konkurrencedygtige og fleksible virksomheder, der i mange tilfælde med fordel igen vil kunne hjemtage produktionsopgaver fra lavtlønslande til Danmark og Nordjylland. Evnen til at omsætte Industri 4.0 potentialerne har på den måde vidtrækkende konsekvenser for Danmarks fremtid...

Hvorfor sætter folk ild til sig selv?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Harrebye, Silas

2011-01-01

Mellemøsten brød i brand efter en mand satte ild til sig selv. Et bevis på revolutioner skal selvantændes?......Mellemøsten brød i brand efter en mand satte ild til sig selv. Et bevis på revolutioner skal selvantændes?...

Evaluering af ordning med psykologbehandling af personer med let til moderat depression

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fjeldsted, Rita; Christensen, Kaj Sparle

Herværende rapport evaluerer den pr. 1.4.2008 indførte ordning med mulighed for henvisning til psykologbehandling med 60 % tilskud for patienter med let til moderat depression. Evalueringen har betjent sig af flere gensidigt supplerende metoder: spørgeskemaundersøgelser overfor patienter, psykolo......Herværende rapport evaluerer den pr. 1.4.2008 indførte ordning med mulighed for henvisning til psykologbehandling med 60 % tilskud for patienter med let til moderat depression. Evalueringen har betjent sig af flere gensidigt supplerende metoder: spørgeskemaundersøgelser overfor patienter...... tidligere evaluering af forsøgsordning af psykologbehandling af depression i perioden 2005-06. 18.419 personer i alderen 18-37 år blev henvist til psykolog i den undersøgte ordning i perioden 1.2.2009 – 31.1.2010, svarende til en henvisningshyppighed på 1,6 % af baggrundsbefolkningen i samme aldersgruppe....... Ordningen giver mulighed for én rehenvisning, og 9 % blev rehenvist i perioden. Spørgeskemaresultater viser, at kun 33 % af de henviste falder ind under henvisningskriteriet ” let til moderat depression” på tidspunktet for opstart af psykologbehandling, 39 % har ingen tegn på depression, og 28 % har svær...

Study of Biogas Production from Cassava Industrial Waste by Anaerobic Process

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Budiyono

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Biogas production processes from tapioca wastewater have several problems that cause the biogas production is not optimal, such as pH drop at beginning of the process because the rate of acid formation is too fast and the rate of starch wastewater degradation is too slow. Therefore, to obtain optimal biogas production it is required two-stage reactor. The purposes of this research were to (i study the influence of one stage fermentation and two stage fermentation on biogas production, (ii study the effect of buffer Na2CO3 on biogas production, and (iii study the effect of methanogenic bacteria concentration on biogas production from cassava starch effluent. The first method of our research was hydrolysis process by “Saccharomyces cereviceae” as substrate activator. The second is the arrangement of pH and the last is process of methane production. The results showed that the highest biogas production is achieved at concentration of methanogenic bacteria 20% (v/v that is equal to 2458 ml. At concentration of 8% (v/v and 15% (v/v, biogas production was 2105 ml and 2117 ml. The addition of Na2CO3 can extend to 16 days with accumulation of 372 ml. While without the addition of buffer, biogas production period was only 9 days with accumulation of 620 ml. In semi continuous process, the analysis carried out every 3 days. Highest biogas production achieved in the variable addition of yeast with the accumulation 9329 ml. Without yeast, accumulation of biogas was 6831 ml. Yeast is use as substrate activator so it can accelerate the hydrolysis process and increased biogas production. The addition of Na2CO3 is increase the alkalinity so the pH drop did not occur early in the process.

Biocapture of CO2 by Different Microalgal-Based Technologies for Biogas Upgrading and Simultaneous Biogas Slurry Purification under Various Light Intensities and Photoperiods

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pengfei Guo

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Co-cultivation of microalgae and microbes for pollutant removal from sewage is considered as an effective wastewater treatment method. The aim of this study is to screen the optimal photoperiod, light intensity and microalgae co-cultivation method for simultaneously removing nutrients in biogas slurry and capturing CO2 in biogas. The microalgae–fungi pellets are deemed to be a viable option because of their high specific growth rate and nutrient and CO2 removal efficiency under the photoperiod of 14 h light:10 h dark. The order of both the biogas slurry purification and biogas upgrading is ranked the same, that is Chlorella vulgaris–Ganoderma lucidum > Chlorella vulgaris–activated sludge > Chlorella vulgaris under different light intensities. For all cultivation methods, the moderate light intensity of 450 μmol m−2 s−1 is regarded as the best choice. This research revealed that the control of photoperiod and light intensity can promote the biological treatment process of biogas slurry purification and biogas upgrading using microalgal-based technology.

Biocapture of CO2 by Different Microalgal-Based Technologies for Biogas Upgrading and Simultaneous Biogas Slurry Purification under Various Light Intensities and Photoperiods

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Pengfei; Zhang, Yuejin; Zhao, Yongjun

2018-01-01

Co-cultivation of microalgae and microbes for pollutant removal from sewage is considered as an effective wastewater treatment method. The aim of this study is to screen the optimal photoperiod, light intensity and microalgae co-cultivation method for simultaneously removing nutrients in biogas slurry and capturing CO2 in biogas. The microalgae–fungi pellets are deemed to be a viable option because of their high specific growth rate and nutrient and CO2 removal efficiency under the photoperiod of 14 h light:10 h dark. The order of both the biogas slurry purification and biogas upgrading is ranked the same, that is Chlorella vulgaris–Ganoderma lucidum > Chlorella vulgaris–activated sludge > Chlorella vulgaris under different light intensities. For all cultivation methods, the moderate light intensity of 450 μmol m−2 s−1 is regarded as the best choice. This research revealed that the control of photoperiod and light intensity can promote the biological treatment process of biogas slurry purification and biogas upgrading using microalgal-based technology. PMID:29543784

Energetic utilization of biogas arising of sanitary landfills

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Calderon U, R.

1995-01-01

The biogas is the gaseous product that is obtained from the fermentation of biodegradable organic matter; this process is known as anaerobic digestion. In this exposition, the formation process of biogas is described in its three continuos phases: 1. Hydrolysis phase, 2. Phase of acid generation and the acetic acid generation and 3. Phase of methane generation. Also, the biogas composition (methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and traces) is present. Different types of anaerobic digestion as discontinuous digestion, continuo digestion, digestion with suspended biomass, digestion with adhered biomass, and digestion of two phases are shown. Finally, the process that occur in a landfill and its different phases of aerobic and anaerobic decomposition, are describe from its initial stage until the biogas generation

Performansi Purifikasi Biogas Dengan KOH Based Absorbent

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dadang Hermawan

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The absorpstion of CO2 is aimed to increase the methane gas fraction in biogas. Enhancing methane fraction hopefully will increase the total energy of the biogas it self. The purification process of biogas minimizing another elements maintains combustion, especially minimizing H2O, CO2, and H2S. The purification using KOH as the absorbent to decrease the CO2. The result shown that the content of CO2 decreased into 27% from 35.5%, the average content of CH4 increased from 18% to 48.5%. Increasing KOH composition decreases bubble generator diameter and mass flow.

Livestock-biogas-fruit systems in South China

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Rongjun [Institute of Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou (China)

1997-03-01

Fruit farming and animal husbandry have existed for a long time in Meixian, Guangdong, South China. However, Meixian suffers from shortages of rural energy and organic fertilizer and from environmental pollution. A new eco-agricultural system, the livestock-biogas-fruit system, has been designed successfully in this region by adding biogas production to fight these problems. A study which was conducted in seven households (family farms) in this region in 1994 showed that the three major components of this system functioned in harmony for the mutual benefit of these farmers and their environment. Pomelo (Citrus grandis) farming was the most profitable component of the system. Pomelo litterfall and pig dung were fed into the biogas digester underneath the pigsty. The digester supplied biogas as domestic fuel and sludge as fertilizer. Chickens were raised in the orchard where they fed on weeds and pests, and deposited excreta as fertilizer. Recycling of wastes improved soil texture, and thereby decreased input of chemical fertilizers. This system helped natural enemies function well in these case studies, and therefore decreased the application of pesticides. Serving as a key link between fruit farming and animal husbandry, biogas production alleviated the scarcity of rural energy in Meixian

Energy and Greenhouse gas balances of the utilisation of biogas for energy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Per Sieverts; Karlsson, Kenneth Bernard; Holm-Nielsen, Jens Bo

1998-01-01

of the implementation programmes has been on development of technologies for joint biogas plants, where more than one farm supplies the animal slurry. The joint biogas plants are dependent on industrial organic wastes to obtain high biogas yields for making the biogas plant economical. The industrial organic waste will......The utilisation of biogas for energy is an important part of the Danish energy plan for reducing Danish emissions of greenhouse gases. Implementation programmes for new biogas plants have been in operation since 1990, promoted by the Ministry of Environment and Energy. The focus......, however, be the scarce factor in a further development of the joint biogas plants in Denmark. The purpose of the present study is related to the discussion on the role of transportation in the biogas fuel chain. Transportation plays a central role in the assessment of environmental advantages of utilising...

Comparative review of foam formation in biogas plants and ruminant bloat

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moeller, Lucie; Goersch, Kati; Zehnsdorf, Andreas; Mueller, Roland Arno [UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig (Germany). Environmental and Biotechnology Centre; Neuhaus, Juergen [Leipzig Univ. (Germany). Inst. of Bacteriology and Mycology

2012-12-15

This review gives an overview of the current knowledge concerning the problem of foam formation in the process of anaerobic digestion in biogas plants that utilize renewable resources or biogenic waste material for biogas production. Process upsets in biogas production induced by foam formation can have a negative impact on the efficiency of biogas plants. The foam can block gas pipes and cause severe damage to the bioreactor equipment, ranging from a failure of the feeders to a damage of the roof of the biogas plant. The most common foam removal methods - stirring in the foam, adding anti-foaming agents, diminishing substrate feeding, and altering the biogas reactor management - are not always successful. However, the reasons for the excessive foam formation during the biogas production process have not yet been elucidated in detail. In contrast, foam building in the rumen of ruminants as a cause for bloat has been studied thoroughly. In general, the interaction between proteins, polysaccharides (mucilage), and small plant particles is assumed to be the crucial factor. As the fermentation process in the rumen has many similarities with the biogas production process, the current research results on bloat in ruminants are summarized and compared with the process of foaming in biogas plants. (orig.)

Økonomisk bistand fra selskab til ejere og ledelse

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Werlauff, Erik

2009-01-01

Dette bidrag til bogen gennemgår reglerne om "økonomisk bistand" fra et aktie- eller anpartsselskab til dets ejere, ledelse mv., dvs. reglerne om aktionærlån, koncernlån og selvfinansiering, således som disse er udformet efter selskabsreformen. Der erindres om tre vigtige egenskaber ved reformen:...

17. Annual meeting on biogas and bioenergy in agriculture. Lectures; 17. Jahrestagung Biogas und Bioenergie in der Landwirtschaft. Vortraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2008-07-01

Within the 17th annual meeting at 9th to 10th December, 2008, at the energy centre Wolpertshausen (Federal Republic of Germany), the following lectures were held: (1) Energy - But how? Biogas and bioenergy in the agriculture (Winfried Binder); (2) Models for ecologically useful concepts at agricultural biogas plants (Dr. Manfred Dederer); (3) Innovative and deserving promotion concepts of utilization of heat at fermentation plants in Baden-Wuerttemberg (Konrad Raab); (4) Utilization of heat and strengthening of the regional value-added chain from the view of a franconian plant operator (Christian Endress); (5) Perspectives of an energetic utilization of materials for landscape conservation (Christof Thoss); (6) Meadow grass steps on the accelerator (Peter Stiegler); (7) Biogas from grass: Experiences from northern Germany (Jens Geveke); (8) Experience report of an agricultural biogas plant - Fermentation of grass and effective utilization (Thomas Rott); (9) State of the art of the fermentation of bio waste in a batch process (Jakovos Theodoridis); (10) Integration of a continuous dry fermentation plant into an existing compost heap - an experience report (Michael Buchheit): (11) Coldness from heat: Providing coldness with ammonia / water refrigerating absorbers (Sebastian Zuerich); (12) Current state the Renewable Energy Resources Act 2009 (Otto K. Koerner); (13) The eco-auditor in the Renewable Energy Resources Act 2009 (Peter Vassen); (14) Greenhouse-gas emissions from biogas plants (Carsten Cuhls); (15) Management of crashes and crisis at biogas plants (Anton-Rupert Baumann); (16) SINNRGIE brilliantly simple (Sauter); (17) Fermentation of grass-clover ley in ecological agriculture (Hans Holland).

Forbedring af GIS data til trafikmodeller

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Stephen; Landex, Alex; Nielsen, Otto Anker

2005-01-01

indbyggere og arbejdspladser er meget inhomogen. Dette er især tilfældet for zonerne i Frederiksborg og Roskilde Amter. For at opnå mere detaljerede resultater er det nødvendigt at opdele disse zoner. I artiklen præsenteres forskellige GIS-baserede metoder, der er blevet benyttet til at forbedre og kombinere...... eksisterende GIS-baserede datakilder, så der er opnået en hidtil uset nøjagtighed i trafikmodellernes geografiske data. Herefter beskrives, hvordan der med udgangspunkt i disse forbedrede data er foretaget analyser af zonerne i modellen, og hvordan zoner som ikke lever op til den ønske detaljegrad, er splittet...

The Stability of Lubricant Oil Acidity of Biogas Fuelled Engine due to Biogas Desulfurization

Science.gov (United States)

Gde Tirta Nindhia, Tjokorda; Wayan Surata, I.; Wardana, Ari

2017-05-01

This research is established for the purpose of the understanding the stability of the acidity of lubricant oil in biogas fuelled engine due to the absence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). As was recognized that other than Methane (CH4), there are also other gas impurities in the biogas such as carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), moisture (H2O) and ammonia (NH3). Due to H2S contents in the biogas fuel, the engine was found failure. This is caused by corrosion in the combustion chamber due to increase of lubricant acidity. To overcome this problem in practical, the lubricant is increased the pH to basic level with the hope will be decrease to normal value after several time use. Other method is by installing pH measurement sensor in the engine lubricant so that when lubricant is known turn to be acid, then lubricant replacement should be done. In this research, the effect of biogas desulfurization down to zero level to the acidity of lubricant oil in the four stroke engine was carried out with the hope that neutral lubrication oil to be available during running the engine. The result indicates that by eliminating H2S due desulfurization process, effect on stability and neutrality of pH lubricant. By this method the engine safety can be obtained without often replacement the lubricant oil.

Modelagem Não-linear da Produção Acumulada de Biogás em Rede de Biodigestores Anaeróbios. = Non lineal model of the biogas accumulated production in anaerobe digester’s network.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guido Nunes Lopes

2007-12-01

Full Text Available A presente nota tem por objetivo descrever o modelo padrão não linear (determinístico Gompertz e exponencial de base γ da produção acumulada de biogás em rede de biodigestores anaeróbios. Modelam-se os efeitos da variação da quantidade de biomassa, água e inóculo na produção de biogás e da redução nos teores de sólidos totais e voláteis. E faz-se correção de volume de biogás para a CNTP (200C, 1atm. = The present technical notes aims to describe a nonlinear standard model (Gompertz deterministic and γ base exponential for accumulated production of biogas in a network of anaerobic digester’s. In this way, some variation effects were modelled for biomass, water and inoculate quantities, considering the biogas production as well as reduction of total solids and volatile contents. It also includes the correction of biogas volumes for normal temperature and pressure conditions (200C, 1 atm.

Assessment of energy performance in the life-cycle of biogas production

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berglund, Maria; Boerjesson, Pal

2006-01-01

Energy balances are analysed from a life-cycle perspective for biogas systems based on 8 different raw materials. The analysis is based on published data and relates to Swedish conditions. The results show that the energy input into biogas systems (i.e. large-scale biogas plants) overall corresponds to 20-40% (on average approximately 30%) of the energy content in the biogas produced. The net energy output turns negative when transport distances exceed approximately 200 km (manure), or up to 700 km (slaughterhouse waste). Large variations exist in energy efficiency among the biogas systems studied. These variations depend both on the properties of the raw materials studied and on the system design and allocation methods chosen. The net energy output from biogas systems based on raw materials that have high water content and low biogas yield (e.g. manure) is relatively low. When energy-demanding handling of the raw materials is required, the energy input increases significantly. For instance, in a ley crop-based biogas system, the ley cropping alone corresponds to approximately 40% of the energy input. Overall, operation of the biogas plant is the most energy-demanding process, corresponding to 40-80% of the energy input into the systems. Thus, the results are substantially affected by the assumptions made about the allocation of a plant's entire energy demand among raw materials, e.g. regarding biogas yield or need of additional water for dilution

Moder Natur inspirerer til ny vindmøllevinge

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sønderberg Petersen, L.

2007-01-01

Synet af en rovfugl, der står bomstille i luften, mens vingerne løbende justeres en smule i forhold til vinden for at holde fuglen på samme sted i luften, er et syn de fleste har beundret. Også vindenergi forskerne på Risø DTU. De er gået i gang med atoverføre princippet til vindmøllevinger og gø...

Cavitation for improved sludge conversion into biogas

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Stoop, A.H.; Bakker, T.W.; Kramer, H.J.M.

2015-01-01

In several studies the beneficial influence of pre-treatment of waste activated sludge with cavitation on the biogas production was demonstrated. It is however, still not fully certain whether this effect should be mainly contributed to an increase in conversion rate of organics into biogas by

A Study Of Biogas Production From Rice Straw In An Underground Digester

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akpabio, O; Sambo, A.S; Fai, F

2002-01-01

The rising cost of petroleum products, the growing world population with diminishing resources and increasing wastes has brought about the need for sourcing alternative resources in order to bring about sustainable development. In this regard. this research was conceived to innovate design and construction of a biogas digester and to study the production of biogas from rice straw. An underground biogas digester was designed. Constructed and tested. The test digestion produced biogas yield of 0.020 M/KXg from green cow dung. In the study of biogas production from rice straw, four bench digesters of one d m3 (I litre) each were used. The bench digester produced biogas yields of 0.0149 m3/kg of rice straw, 0.0389 m3/kg of a mixture of rice straw and cow dung and 0.0792 m3/kg of cow dung. Scaled up digestion of rice straw in the underground digester gave biogas yield of 7.37 x 104 m3/kg. The biogas produced from rice straw was found to contain 38.52% of carbon dioxide and no hydrogen sulphide. It was concluded that the biogas generation from rice straw was encouraging, but scale up yields was low. The limiting factors on biogas production from rice straw with the effect of digester design or biogas production are presented and discussed

State Equation Determination of Cow Dung Biogas

Science.gov (United States)

Marzuki, A.; Wicaksono, L. B.

2017-08-01

A state function is a thermodynamic function which relates various macroscopically measurable properties of a system (state variable) describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions. A good understanding of a biogas state function plays a very important role in an effort to maximize biogas processes and to help predicting combation performance. This paper presents a step by step process of an experimental study aimed at determining the equation of state of cow dung biogas. The equation was derived from the data obtained from the experimental results of compressibility (κ) and expansivity (β) following the general form of gas state equation dV = βdT + κdP. In this equation, dV is gas volume variation, dT is temperature variation, and dP is pressure variation. From these results, we formulated a unique state equation from which the biogas critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure were then determined (Tc = 266.7 K, Pc = 5096647.5 Pa).

Storage of catch crops to produce biogas

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Molinuevo-Salces, Beatriz; Ahring, Birgitte Kiær; Uellendahl, Hinrich

2014-01-01

. On the contrary, the poor quality of IR silage, due to its high TS content, made it inappropriate as feedstock for biogas production. A TS content of 25-35% is preferable, to obtain a proper fermentation avoid leachate run-off and growth of Clostridium sp. or mold formation. Avoiding soil particles in the bales......Catch crop biomass is a promising co-substrate for manure-based biogas plants in Denmark since the cultivation of catch crops is mandatory to retain nutrients in the soil, contributing to protect the aquatic environment. In general, the growth period for catch crops is from harvest of the previous...... crop in July-August to the end of the growing season and harvest in late October. Hence, for use of the biomass in biogas production there is a need for storage of the biomass. Storage as silage would guarantee the availability of the feedstock for biogas production during the whole year. A proper...

Upgrading biogas by a low-temperature CO2 removal techni

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ahmed M.I. Yousef

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Biogas, a renewable energy source, is primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide and other gaseous species. Biogas upgrading for removing CO2 from raw biogas is a necessary step before the biogas to be used as vehicle fuel or injected into the natural gas grid. Therefore, the present work aimed to propose a low-temperature CO2 removal process as an alternative to the conventional biogas upgrading technologies (water scrubbing, chemical and physical scrubbing, membranes and Pressure swing adsorption. A typical model biogas mixture of 60 mol.% CH4 and 40 mol.% CO2 is considered. The present process showed that a product purity of 94.5 mol.% CH4 is obtained from compressed biogas by combining distillation, flash separation, auxiliary refrigeration and internal heat recovery with a potential specific energy consumption of 0.26 kW h/Nm3 raw biogas. The process has been simulated in Aspen HYSYS with avoiding the occurrence of CO2 freeze-out. The process delivers the captured CO2 in liquid form with a purity of 99.7 mol.% as a by-product for transport at 110 bar. It is concluded that the proposed upgrading process can serve as a new environmentally friendly approach to CO2 removal with an interesting energy-efficient alternative to the conventional upgrading techniques.

Power contracting between two different partners. Biogas combined heat and power plants; Energie-Contracting zweier unterschiedlicher Partner. Biogas-Blockheizkraftwerk

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lennartz, Marc Wilhelm

2013-06-15

An agricultural consortium in the Eifel (Federal Republic of Germany) has adopted a comprehensive supply of a 7,000 m{sup 2} comprising hotel complex with combined heat and power. The old oil-fired central heating plant has been replaced by a biogas-powered combined heat and power plant (CHP). The hotel was directly connected to the CHP plant by means of a new, approximately 300 m long local heating network including buffer storage. Overall, the hotel operator saves approximately 300,000 L of heating oil annually. The energy demand of the hotel operator will be covered by more than 90 % by means of CHP plants. Thus 20 % of the heating costs is saved.

High-temperature pretreatment of biogas substrate by using district heating to increase the biogas production; Hoegtemperaturfoerbehandling av biogassubstrat med fjaerrvaerme foer oekad biogasproduktion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Del Pilar Castillo, Maria; Ascue, Johnny [JTI, Uppsala (Sweden); Olsson, Marcus; Henriksson, Gunilla; Nordman, Roger [SP, Boraas (Sweden)

2011-12-15

In this study, we have shown that pre-heating sludge from a waste water treatment plant can give a higher biogas production rate. However, pretreatment showed no effect on substrate from a biogas plant at the conditions tested in this study. The study has also shown that there is potential of using district heating in the biogas industry for thermal pretreatment of sludge.

Rancang Bangun Konverter Biogas Untuk Motor Bensin Silinder Tunggal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Desrial

2014-02-01

Full Text Available The need for energy continues to increase along with the increase of population in Indonesia . This is in contrast with the fact that the main oil energy source is reducing day by. To overcome this problem renewable energy sources such as biogas becomes very important. Methane content in the biogas ranged between 60-65 % , where the value is large enough to be used as an energy source replacement of gasoline. The purpose of this study is to design a converter that is capable to perform biogas and air mixing for optimum use of biogas in gasoline engine. The main parts of biogas converter are the venturi, choke valves , throttle valves, as well as the coupler to the engine. Testing was done by applying converter on a gasoline engine with biogas fuel. Engine performance was tested using a dynamometer and the results are compared with the performance of the motor using gasoline fuel . Test results show that the optimal power is achieved at 0979 kW at 3146 rpm and a torque of 4.3 Nm, while the motor power with gasoline kW and a torque of 1.86 Nm at 6:21.

Mobilapplikationers potentiale til understøttelse af specialeprocessen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicholai Friis Pedersen

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Med afsæt i en case om udviklingen af en mobilapplikation til at understøtte specialestuderendes proces argumenterer artiklens forfattere for, at der eksisterer et stort og uudnyttet potentiale i forhold til at udvikle læringsunderstøttende apps til smartphones, ikke mindst når det gælder læreprocesser, der foregår uden for skemalagte undervisningsforløb på universitetsuddannelserne, såsom specialeforløbet. En gennemgang af den pædagogiske litteratur om specialeprocessen skaber grundlag for at vie begreberne personalisering og motivation særlig opmærksomhed i forhold til specialeapp-casen. Central to this article is the case of developing a mobile application to support the process of writing a Master’s thesis. The authors argue for the existence of a large and unexploited potential in respect to developing academic learning apps for smartphones, especially apps supporting learning processes that do not take place within scheduled university courses, such as the process of writing the Master’s thesis. A review of the pedagogical literature on this process serves as the basis for bestowing special attention to the concepts of customization and motivation in the case of the Master’s thesis app.

Economics of biogas digesters in Bangladesh

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bala, B.K.; Hossain, M.M.

1992-01-01

We present the economics of biogas digesters in Bangladesh in terms of fuel wood and fertilizer values. The incremental net present benefit was computed from the digester cost, kinetics of biogas production and nutrient contents in the treated slurry. The model was analysed to test the sensitivity to changes in retention time, annual operation period, subsidy, price of fuel wood, construction cost, interest, and inflation rate. (Author)

White Earth Biomass/Biogas Feasibility Study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Triplett, Michael

2015-03-12

The White Earth Nation examined the feasibility of cost savings and fossil energy reduction through the installation of biogas/biomass boiler at the tribal casino. The study rejected biogas options due to availability and site constraints, but found a favorable environment for technical and financial feasibility of installing a 5 MMBtu hot water boiler system to offset 60-70 percent of current fuel oil and propane usage.

Increase of Bio-Gas Power Potential

OpenAIRE

V. A. Sednin; О. F. Kraetskaya; I. N. Prokoрenia

2012-01-01

The paper presents a review of industrial technologies for obtaining gas-synthesis which is applicable for bio-gas enrichment process. Comparative characteristics are given in the paper. The paper thoroughly considers a technology of dry methane conversion as the most expedient variant recommended for the application in this case. The bio-gas enrichment carried out during its production expands possibilities and efficiency of its application.

Introduktion til programmering (P5/JS) light version 1.0

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjerre, Anne

2015-01-01

Undervisningsmateriale til begynderprogrammering. Materialet er baseret på P5, som er et grafisk baseret Javascript-bibliotek. Applikationen er en "light"-udgave af Introduktion til programmering (P5/JS) version 1.0. Afsnittet om transformationer er udeladt, og resten af applikationen modificeret...

Microbial electrochemical separation of CO2 for biogas upgrading

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kokkoli, Argyro; Zhang, Yifeng; Angelidaki, Irini

2018-01-01

was obtained at 1.2 V, inlet biogas rate of 0.088 mL/h/mL reactor and NaCl concentration of 100 mM at a 5-day operation. Meanwhile, the organic matter of the domestic wastewater in the anode was almost completely removed at the end. The study demonstrated a new sustainable way to simultaneously upgrade biogas......Biogas upgrading to natural gas quality has been under focus the recent years for increasing the utilization potential of biogas. Conventional methods for CO2 removal are expensive and have environmental challenges, such as increased emissions of methane in the atmosphere with serious greenhouse...... impact. In this study, an innovative microbial electrochemical separation cell (MESC) was developed to in-situ separate and regenerate CO2 via alkali and acid regeneration. The MESC was tested under different applied voltages, inlet biogas rates and electrolyte concentrations. Pure biomethane...