Thermoelectric properties of doped BaHfO_3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dixit, Chandra Kr.; Bhamu, K. C.; Sharma, Ramesh

2016-01-01

We have studied the structural stability, electronic structure, optical properties and thermoelectric properties of doped BaHfO_3 by full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The electronic structure of BaHfO_3 doped with Sr shows enhances the indirect band gaps of 3.53 eV, 3.58 eV. The charge density plots show strong ionic bonding in Ba-Hf, and ionic and covalent bonding between Hf and O. Calculations of the optical spectra, viz., the dielectric function, refractive index and extinction coefficient are performed for the energy range are calculated and analyzed. Thermoelectric properties of semi conducting are also reported first time. The doped BaHfO_3 is approximately wide band gap semiconductor with the large p-type Seebeck coefficient. The power factor of BaHfO_3 is increased with Sr doping, decreases because of low electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity.

Scintillation and radiation damage of doped BaF2 crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gong Zufang; Xu Zizong; Chang Jin

1992-01-01

The emission spectra and the radiation damage of BaF 2 crystals doped Ce and Dy have been studied. The results indicate that the doped BaF 2 crystals have the intrinsic spectra of impurity besides the intrinsic spectra of BaF 2 crystals. The crystals colored and the transmissions decrease with the concentration of impurity in BaF 2 crystals after radiation by γ-ray of 60 Co. The doped Ce BaF 2 irradiated by ultraviolet has faster recover of transmissions but for doped Dy the effect is not obvious. The radiation resistance is not good as pure BaF 2 crystals

Mechanical niobium doping in barium titanate electroceramics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Velasco-Davalos, I.A., E-mail: ivan.velascodavalos@gmail.com [Departmento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Zacatenco, 07338 México D.F. (Mexico); INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes J3X 1S2 (Canada); Ruediger, A. [INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes J3X 1S2 (Canada); Cruz-Rivera, J.J. [Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas, 78210 S.L.P. (Mexico); Gomez-Yanez, C. [Departmento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Zacatenco, 07338 México D.F. (Mexico)

2013-12-25

Highlights: •We demonstrate a new doping procedure by Mechanical Alloying (MA). •For small dopant concentrations, charge compensation of Nb is primarily attributed to free electrons. •At higher Nb concentrations cation vacancies prevail as compensation mechanism. -- Abstract: Niobium is a well-established donor dopant for semi-conducting BaTiO{sub 3} ceramics. The conventional procedure to dissolve Nb into BaTiO{sub 3} relies on thermal activation at high temperatures (up to 1500 °C) and even then, large dwell times are necessary due to the small diffusion coefficients of Nb{sup 5+}. In this work, we demonstrate a new doping procedure by Mechanical Alloying (MA), which has already proven its potential for the fabrication of conductive electroceramics. In a planetary mill, powders of BaTiO{sub 3} and Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} were mixed for up to 540 min. The BaTiO{sub 3} unit cell volume increases with increasing Nb concentration. The electrical properties of conventional and mechanical alloyed samples as a function of Nb concentration are similar, however the mechanically alloyed samples shows a large conductivity that we attribute to a better homogeneity in the structure of MA-processed samples. For small dopant concentrations, charge compensation of the pentavalent Nb is primarily attributed to free electrons. At higher Nb concentrations cation vacancies prevail as compensation mechanism.

Synthesis and Dielectric Properties of Ba3NaBiNb10O30 Ceramics

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2003-01-01

A new niobate Ba3NaBiNb10O30 was synthesized by the solid state reaction.The reaction mixture was characterized by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA),X-ray diffraction and dielectric constant measurements.The results show that Ba3NaBiNb10O30 has an orthorhombic tungsten bronze structure with space group Cmm2 and the unit cell parameters are a=1.7660(1) nm,a=1.7626(1) nm,c=0.78621(6) nm,Z=4.Ba3NaBiNb10O30 undergoes two phase transitions at 200℃ and 400℃,respectively.

Ba-DOPED ZnO MATERIALS: A DFT SIMULATION TO INVESTIGATE THE DOPING EFFECT ON FERROELECTRICITY

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Luis H. da S. Lacerda

2016-04-01

Full Text Available ZnO is a semiconductor material largely employed in the development of several electronic and optical devices due to its unique electronic, optical, piezo-, ferroelectric and structural properties. This study evaluates the properties of Ba-doped wurtzite-ZnO using quantum mechanical simulations based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT allied to hybrid functional B3LYP. The Ba-doping caused increase in lattice parameters and slight distortions at the unit cell angle in a wurtzite structure. In addition, the doping process presented decrease in the band-gap (Eg at low percentages suggesting band-gap engineering. For low doping amounts, the wavelength characteristic was observed in the visible range; whereas, for middle and high doping amounts, the wavelength belongs to the Ultraviolet range. The Ba atoms also influence the ferroelectric property, which is improved linearly with the doping amount, except for doping at 100% or wurtzite-BaO. The ferroelectric results indicate the ZnO:Ba is an strong option to replace perovskite materials in ferroelectric and flash-type memory devices.

Structural and vibrational investigations of Nb-doped TiO2 thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uyanga, E.; Gibaud, A.; Daniel, P.; Sangaa, D.; Sevjidsuren, G.; Altantsog, P.; Beuvier, T.; Lee, Chih Hao; Balagurov, A.M.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • We studied the evolutions of structure for TiO 2 thin film as changes with Nb doping and temperatures. • Up to 800 °C, the grain size of Nb 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 2 is smaller than for pure TiO 2 because doped Nb hinders the growth of the TiO 2 grains. • There was no formation of the rutile phase at high temperature. • Nb doped TiO 2 films have high electron densities at 400–700 °C. • Nb dope extends the absorbance spectra of TiO 2 which leads to the band gap reduce. - Abstract: Acid-catalyzed sol–gel and spin-coating methods were used to prepare Nb-doped TiO 2 thin film. In this work, we studied the effect of niobium doping on the structure, surface, and absorption properties of TiO 2 by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray reflectometry (XRR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy at various annealing temperatures. EDX spectra show that the Nb:Ti atomic ratios of the niobium-doped titania films are in good agreement with the nominal values (5 and 10%). XPS results suggest that charge compensation is achieved by the formation of Ti vacancies. Specific niobium phases are not observed, thus confirming that niobium is well incorporated into the titania crystal lattice. Thin films are amorphous at room temperature and the formation of anatase phase appeared at an annealing temperature close to 400 °C. The rutile phase was not observed even at 900 °C (XRD and Raman spectroscopy). Grain sizes and electron densities increased when the temperature was raised. Nb-doped films have higher electron densities and lower grain sizes due to niobium doping. Grain size inhibition can be explained by lattice stress induced by the incorporation of larger Nb 5+ ions into the lattice. The band gap energy of indirect transition of the TiO 2 thin films was calculated to be about 3.03 eV. After niobium doping, it decreased to 2.40 eV

Thermoelectric properties of doped BaHfO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dixit, Chandra Kr., E-mail: ckparadise@gmail.com, E-mail: sharmarameshfgiet@gmail.com [Dept. of Physics, Dr. Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University, Lucknow-229001, U.P India (India); Bhamu, K. C. [Department of Physics, Goa University, Goa-403 206 (India); Sharma, Ramesh, E-mail: ckparadise@gmail.com, E-mail: sharmarameshfgiet@gmail.com [Dept. of Physics, Feroze Gandhi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Raebareli-229001, U.P India (India)

2016-05-06

We have studied the structural stability, electronic structure, optical properties and thermoelectric properties of doped BaHfO{sub 3} by full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The electronic structure of BaHfO{sub 3} doped with Sr shows enhances the indirect band gaps of 3.53 eV, 3.58 eV. The charge density plots show strong ionic bonding in Ba-Hf, and ionic and covalent bonding between Hf and O. Calculations of the optical spectra, viz., the dielectric function, refractive index and extinction coefficient are performed for the energy range are calculated and analyzed. Thermoelectric properties of semi conducting are also reported first time. The doped BaHfO{sub 3} is approximately wide band gap semiconductor with the large p-type Seebeck coefficient. The power factor of BaHfO{sub 3} is increased with Sr doping, decreases because of low electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity.

Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Homologues in the Series nBa(Nb,Zr)O 3+3 mNbO with n=2, 3, 4, 5 and m=1

Science.gov (United States)

Nilsson, G.; Svensson, G.

2001-01-01

Single crystals of four homologues in the series nBa(Nb,Zr)O3+3mNbO, with n:m=2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1, were found in the reduced Ba-Nb-Zr-O system. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were collected for all the crystals. For all homologues the space group was found to be P4/mmm. The structures can be described as intergrowths of Ba(Nb,Zr)O3 perovskite and NbO slabs. The refined cell parameters and compositions of the 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 homologues are a=4.1768(5) Å and c=12.269(2) Å for Ba2Nb4.5(1)Zr0.5(1)O9, a=4.1769(5) Å and c=16.493(3) Å for Ba3+δNb4.8(2)-δ Zr1.2(2)O12-δ (δ=0.098(4)), and a=4.1747(6) Å and c= 20.619(4) Å for Ba4+δNb5.1(4)-δZr1.9(4)O15-δ (δ=0.270(9)). The refined cell parameters of the 5:1 homologue are a=4.1727(3) Å and c=24.804(3) Å. Zr replaces Nb only in the NbO6 octahedra found in the perovskite slabs.

Compounds of the type Ba/sub 3/Bsup(II)M/sub 2/sup(V)O/sub 9/ with Bsup(II) = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Msup(V) = Nb, Ta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemmler-Sack, S; Thumm, I; Herrmann, M [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie 2

1981-08-01

The hexagonal perovskites Ba/sub 3/Bsup(II)M/sub 2/sup(V)O/sub 9/ (Msup(V) = Nb, Ta) crystallize with Bsup(II) = Mg, Ca in a 3 L structure (sequence (c)/sub 3/) and Bsup(II) = Sr in the hexagonal BaTiO/sub 3/ type (6 L; sequence (hcc)/sub 2/) with an 1:2 order for the B and M ions. Intensity calculations for Ba/sub 3/SrNb/sub 2/O/sub 9/ and Ba/sub 3/SrTa/sub 2/O/sub 9/ gave in the space group P6/sub 3//mmc a refined, intensity related R' value of 8.4% (Nb) and 9.0% (Ta) respectively. For Bsup(II) = Ba the perovskite Ba/sub 3/BaTa/sub 2/O/sub 9/ has an orthorhombic distorted 6 L structure and forms with Ba/sub 3/SrTa/sub 2/O/sub 9/ a continuous series of mixed crystals (Ba/sub 3/Srsub(1-x)Basub(x)Ta/sub 2/O/sub 9/). In the system Ba/sub 3/Srsub(1-x)Basub(x)Nb/sub 2/O/sub 9/ the range of existence of the hexagonal BaTiO/sub 3/ type is confined to the Sr richer end. The pure Ba compound posesses a proper structure type (5 L: Ba/sub 5/BaNb/sub 3/vacantOsub(13.5)vacantsub(1.5)).

Effect of cerium addition on the microstructure, electrical and relaxor behavior of Sr{sub 0.5}Ba{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 6} ceramics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Velayutham, T.S., E-mail: t_selvi@um.edu.my; Salim, N.I.F.; Gan, W.C.; Abd Majid, W.H.

2016-05-05

Sr{sub 0.5}Ba{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 6} (SBN50) ceramic doped with different concentrations of Cerium (Ce) according to the stoichiometry formulation of Sr{sub 0.5-3y/2}Ba{sub 0.5}Ce{sub y}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 6} (Ce-SBN) with y = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 was prepared using the conventional solid state reaction method. The morphology, structure, and electrical properties of the samples were studied using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ferroelectric and dielectric spectroscopy, respectively. The FESEM images reveal a strong influence of cerium on the SBN microstructure. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that all compositions of SBN ceramic exhibit tetragonal tungsten bronze structure. As the dopant concentration, y increased, both unit cell volume and axial ratio c/a decreased gradually. In addition, dopant incorporation lowers the phase transition temperature, T{sub m}. As a result, all practical parameters are sufficiently increased, i.e. the dielectric constant and remnant polarization. SBN50 doped with a 3% Ce sample is most attractive for practical applications due to its high remnant polarization, P{sub r} = 58.6 μC/cm{sup 2} and dielectric constant, ε’ ≈ 8000 (10 kHz) at room temperature, respectively. - Highlights: • Sr{sub 0.5-3y/2}Ba{sub 0.5}Ce{sub y}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 6} synthesized using solid-state reaction method. • Cerium dopant improved the overall properties of SBN. • Dopant incorporation lowers the phase transition temperature, T{sub m}. • 3% Ce dopant exhibits best functional properties among the rest of the composition. • The P{sub r} of 3%Ce-doped SBN is 58.6 μC/cm{sup 2} and ε’ ≈ 8000 (10 kHz) at room temperature.

Phase equilibria and crystal chemistry in the ternary system BaO-TiO 2-Nb 2O 5. II. New barium polytitanates with <5 mole% Nb 2O 5

Science.gov (United States)

Roth, R. S.; Ettlinger, L. D.; Parker, H. S.

1987-06-01

Four new compounds were found in the BaO-TiO 2-Nb 2O 5 system, each containing orth ≈ 9.9A˚, b mon ≈ a orth ≈ 17A˚). Ba 14Ti 40Nb 2O 99 is a 20-layer orthorhombic phase, Cmc*, withc ≈ 46.86A˚. Ba 10Ti 28Nb 2O 72 is a 7-layer monoclinic phase, C2m, c ≈ 16.72A˚, β ≈ 101.2°. Ba 18Ti 54Nb 2O 132 is a 13-layer monoclinic phase, C2m, c ≈ 30.65A˚, β ≈ 96°. The compositions were derived by analogy to the layers in Ba 4Ti 13 O 30 and Ba 6Ti 17O 40 and are consistent with limited phase equilibria data.

Rapid Synthesis and Formation Mechanism of Core-Shell-Structured La-Doped SrTiO3 with a Nb-Doped Shell

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nam-Hee Park

2015-07-01

Full Text Available To provide a convenient and practical synthesis process for metal ion doping on the surface of nanoparticles in an assembled nanostructure, core-shell-structured La-doped SrTiO3 nanocubes with a Nb-doped surface layer were synthesized via a rapid synthesis combining a rapid sol-precipitation and hydrothermal process. The La-doped SrTiO3 nanocubes were formed at room temperature by a rapid dissolution of NaOH pellets during the rapid sol-precipitation process, and the Nb-doped surface (shell along with Nb-rich edges formed on the core nanocubes via the hydrothermal process. The formation mechanism of the core-shell-structured nanocubes and their shape evolution as a function of the Nb doping level were investigated. The synthesized core-shell-structured nanocubes could be arranged face-to-face on a SiO2/Si substrate by a slow evaporation process, and this nanostructured 10 μm thick thin film showed a smooth surface.

Impact of Nb vacancies and p-type doping of the NbCoSn-NbCoSb half-Heusler thermoelectrics.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferluccio, Daniella A; Smith, Ronald I; Buckman, Jim; Bos, Jan-Willem G

2018-02-07

The half-Heuslers NbCoSn and NbCoSb have promising thermoelectric properties. Here, an investigation of the NbCo 1+y Sn 1-z Sb z (y = 0, 0.05; 0 ≤ z ≤ 1) solid-solution is presented. In addition, the p-type doping of NbCoSn using Ti and Zr substitution is investigated. Rietveld analysis reveals the gradual creation of Nb vacancies to compensate for the n-type doping caused by the substitution of Sb in NbCoSn. This leads to a similar valence electron count (∼18.25) for the NbCo 1+y Sn 1-z Sb z samples (z > 0). Mass fluctuation disorder due to the Nb vacancies strongly decreases the lattice thermal conductivity from 10 W m -1 K -1 (z = 0) to 4.5 W m -1 K -1 (z = 0.5, 1). This is accompanied by a transition to degenerate semiconducting behaviour leading to large power factors, S 2 /ρ = 2.5-3 mW m -1 K -2 and figures of merit, ZT = 0.25-0.33 at 773 K. Ti and Zr can be used to achieve positive Seebeck values, e.g. S = +150 μV K -1 for 20% Zr at 773 K. However, the electrical resistivity, ρ 323K = 27-35 mΩ cm, remains too large for these materials to be considered useful p-type materials.

Interfacial Nb-substitution induced anomalous enhancement of polarization and conductivity in BaTiO3 ferroelectric tunnel junctions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H. F. Li

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Using density functional theory (DFT method combined with non-equilibrium Green’s function approach, we systematically investigated the structural, ferroelectric and electronic transport properties of Pt/BaTiO3/Pt ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJ with the interface atomic layers doped by charge neutral NbTi substitution. It is found that interfacial NbTi substitution will produce several anomalous effects such as the vanishing of ferroelectric critical thickness and the decrease of junction resistance against tunneling current. Consequently, the thickness of the ferroelectric thin film (FTF in the FTJ can be reduced, and both the electroresistance effect and sensitivity to external bias of the FTJ are enhanced. Our calculations indicate that the enhancements of conductivity and ferroelectric distortion can coexist in FTJs, which should be important for applications of functional electronic devices based on FTJs.

Substitution of Nb doping on the structural, microstructural and electrical properties in PZT films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haccart, T.; Remiens, D.; Cattan, E.

2003-01-01

Undoped and niobium (Nb) doped Pb 1-y (Zr 0.54 Ti 0.46 ) 1-y Nb y O 3 have been deposited by sputtering on Pt metallized silicon substrates. The niobium concentration, y, was varied from 1 to 7 at.% by 1 at.%. The Zr/Ti ratio was fixed to 54/46 corresponding to the Morphotropic Phase Boundary. Structural, microstructural, and electrical properties were evaluated depending on Nb content. The films (doped and undoped) present a (1 1 1)-preferred orientation. The Nb doping induces an increase of the grain size and as it was observed in bulk materials the dielectric constant (ε r ) and the piezoelectric coefficients (e 31 and d 33 ) reach their maximum for low Nb concentration (2 at.%). The remnant and the maximum polarizations increase as the coercive field decreased slightly with the Nb concentration. The internal electric field increases with Nb content; as a result, the 'self-polarization' of the films (polarization measured without poling treatment) is enhanced with niobium substitution. In term of fatigue behavior, it was found that switching endurance characteristics are maximum for low Nb doping level

Substitution of Nb doping on the structural, microstructural and electrical properties in PZT films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haccart, T.; Remiens, D.; Cattan, E

2003-01-15

Undoped and niobium (Nb) doped Pb{sub 1-y}(Zr{sub 0.54}Ti{sub 0.46}){sub 1-y}Nb{sub y}O{sub 3} have been deposited by sputtering on Pt metallized silicon substrates. The niobium concentration, y, was varied from 1 to 7 at.% by 1 at.%. The Zr/Ti ratio was fixed to 54/46 corresponding to the Morphotropic Phase Boundary. Structural, microstructural, and electrical properties were evaluated depending on Nb content. The films (doped and undoped) present a (1 1 1)-preferred orientation. The Nb doping induces an increase of the grain size and as it was observed in bulk materials the dielectric constant ({epsilon}{sub r}) and the piezoelectric coefficients (e{sub 31} and d{sub 33}) reach their maximum for low Nb concentration (2 at.%). The remnant and the maximum polarizations increase as the coercive field decreased slightly with the Nb concentration. The internal electric field increases with Nb content; as a result, the 'self-polarization' of the films (polarization measured without poling treatment) is enhanced with niobium substitution. In term of fatigue behavior, it was found that switching endurance characteristics are maximum for low Nb doping level.

Cr3+ and Nb5+ co-doped Ti2Nb10O29 materials for high-performance lithium-ion storage

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Chao; Yu, Shu; Ma, Yu; Lin, Chunfu; Xu, Zhihao; Zhao, Hua; Wu, Shunqing; Zheng, Peng; Zhu, Zi-Zhong; Li, Jianbao; Wang, Ning

2017-08-01

Ti2Nb10O29 is an advanced anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its large specific capacity and high safety. However, its poor electronic/ionic conductivity significantly limits its rate capability. To tackle this issue, a Cr3+-Nb5+ co-doping is employed, and a series of CrxTi2-2xNb10+xO29 compounds are prepared. The co-doping does not change the Wadsley-Roth shear structure but increases the unit-cell volume and decreases the particle size. Due to the increased unit-cell volumes, the co-doped samples show increased Li+-ion diffusion coefficients. Experimental data and first-principle calculations reveal significantly increased electronic conductivities arising from the formation of impurity bands after the co-doping. The improvements of the electronic/ionic conductivities and the smaller particle sizes in the co-doped samples significantly contribute to improving their electrochemical properties. During the first cycle at 0.1 C, the optimized Cr0.6Ti0.8Nb10.6O29 sample delivers a large reversible capacity of 322 mAh g-1 with a large first-cycle Coulombic efficiency of 94.7%. At 10 C, it retains a large capacity of 206 mAh g-1, while that of Ti2Nb10O29 is only 80 mAh g-1. Furthermore, Cr0.6Ti0.8Nb10.6O29 shows high cyclic stability as demonstrated in over 500 cycles at 10 C with tiny capacity loss of only 0.01% per cycle.

Electromagnetic and optical characteristics of Nb5+-doped double-crossover and salmon DNA thin films

Science.gov (United States)

Babu Mitta, Sekhar; Reddy Dugasani, Sreekantha; Jung, Soon-Gil; Vellampatti, Srivithya; Park, Tuson; Park, Sung Ha

2017-10-01

We report the fabrication and physical characteristics of niobium ion (Nb5+)-doped double-crossover DNA (DX-DNA) and salmon DNA (SDNA) thin films. Different concentrations of Nb5+ ([Nb5+]) are coordinated into the DNA molecules, and the thin films are fabricated via substrate-assisted growth (DX-DNA) and drop-casting (SDNA) on oxygen plasma treated substrates. We conducted atomic force microscopy to estimate the optimum concentration of Nb5+ ([Nb5+]O = 0.08 mM) in Nb5+-doped DX-DNA thin films, up to which the DX-DNA lattices maintain their structures without deformation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed to probe the chemical nature of the intercalated Nb5+ in the SDNA thin films. The change in peak intensities and the shift in binding energy were witnessed in XPS spectra to explicate the binding and charge transfer mechanisms between Nb5+ and SDNA molecules. UV-visible, Raman, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were measured to determine the optical properties and thus investigate the binding modes, Nb5+ coordination sites in Nb5+-doped SDNA thin films, and energy transfer mechanisms, respectively. As [Nb5+] increases, the absorbance peak intensities monotonically increase until ˜[Nb5+]O and then decrease. However, from the Raman measurements, the peak intensities gradually decrease with an increase in [Nb5+] to reveal the binding mechanism and binding sites of metal ions in the SDNA molecules. From the PL, we observe the emission intensities to reduce them at up to ˜[Nb5+]O and then increase after that, expecting the energy transfer between the Nb5+ and SDNA molecules. The current-voltage measurement shows a significant increase in the current observed as [Nb5+] increases in the SDNA thin films when compared to that of pristine SDNA thin films. Finally, we investigate the temperature dependent magnetization in which the Nb5+-doped SDNA thin films reveal weak ferromagnetism due to the existence of tiny magnetic dipoles in the Nb5+-doped SDNA

Nanostructured rare earth doped Nb2O5: Structural, optical properties and their correlation with photonic applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pereira, Rafael Ramiro; Aquino, Felipe Thomaz; Ferrier, Alban; Goldner, Philippe; Gonçalves, Rogéria R.

2016-01-01

In the present work, we report on a systematic study on structural and spectroscopic properties Eu 3+ and Er 3+ -doped Nb 2 O 5 prepared by sol–gel method. The Eu 3+ ions were used as structural probe to determine the symmetry sites occupied by lanthanide ions. The Eu 3+ -doped Nb 2 O 5 nanocrystalline powders were annealed at different temperatures to verify how the different Nb 2 O 5 crystalline phases affect the structure and the luminescence properties. Er 3+ -doped Nb 2 O 5 was prepared showing an intense NIR luminescence, and, visible luminescence on the green and red, deriving from upconversion process. The synthetized materials can find widespread applicability in photonics as red luminophor for white LED (with tricolor), optical amplifiers and upconverter materials. - Highlights: • Vis and NIR emission from nanostructured lanthanide doped Nb 2 O 5 . • Eu 3+ -doped Nb 2 O 5 as Red luminophor. • Multicolor tunability of intense upconversion emission from lanthanide doped Nb 2 O 5 . • Potential application as biological markers. • Broad band NIR emission.

Improved multiferroic properties in (1−x)BiFeO{sub 3}–xBaTi{sub 0.95}(Yb{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}){sub 0.05}O{sub 3} system (0≤x≤0.3)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amouri, A., E-mail: amouri.amira00@gmail.com [Laboratoire des Matériaux Ferroélectriques (LMF), LR-Physique-Mathématiques et Applications, Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax(FSS), Route de Soukra km3,5 B.P.1171, 3000 Sfax (Tunisia); Le laboratoire des Colloïdes, Verre, et Nanomatériaux, UMRCNRS 5587,Unité mixte de recherche 5587-CNRS-UM2-Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier (France); Abdelmoula, N.; Khemakhem, H. [Laboratoire des Matériaux Ferroélectriques (LMF), LR-Physique-Mathématiques et Applications, Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax(FSS), Route de Soukra km3,5 B.P.1171, 3000 Sfax (Tunisia)

2016-11-01

Polycrystalline samples of (1−x)BiFeO{sub 3}–xBaTi{sub 0.95}(Yb{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}){sub 0.05}O{sub 3} (x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method. The phase purity and composition were cheeked using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The grain size and morphology of the ceramics were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction showed that these compounds crystallized, at room temperature, in the Rhomboedral R3c for x=0 and in tetragonal P4mm for compositions 0.1≤x≤0.3 distorted perovskite structures. The BaTi{sub 0.95}(Yb{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}){sub 0.05}O{sub 3} substitution led to an improvement of magnetic and ferroelectric properties at room temperature. The highest magnetization was reported for composition x=0.2 which was due to the enhancement of canting angles and the suppression of cycloid spin structure, as confirmed by {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and the presence of Fe{sup 2+}, as detected by XPS. The electric polarization increased significantly for doped samples, which proves the enhancement of the ferroelectric behavior and resistivity of our ceramics. Large electric field induced strains were observed for 0.7BiFeO{sub 3}-0.3BaTi{sub 0.95}(Yb{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}){sub 0.05}O{sub 3}, as an evidence of piezoelectric behavior. These results show that BaTi{sub 0.95}(Yb{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}){sub 0.05}O{sub 3} doped BiFeO{sub 3} is a promising multiferroic material. - Highlights: • (1−x)BiFeO{sub 3}–xBa[Ti{sub 0.95}(Yb{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}){sub 0.05}]O{sub 3} is a new multiferroic system. • Doped BiFeO{sub 3} ceramics crystallize in tetragonal distorted perovskite. • Magnetic properties at room temperature were improved.

Effect of Nb-doped TiO{sub 2} on nanocomposited aligned ZnO nanorod/TiO{sub 2}:Nb for dye-sensitized solar cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saurdi, I., E-mail: saurdy788@gmail.com; Ishak, A. [NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM),40450 Shah Alam, Selangor (Malaysia); UiTM Sarawak Kampus Kota Samarahan Jalan Meranek, Sarawak (Malaysia); Shafura, A. K.; Azhar, N. E. A.; Mamat, M. H. [NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM),40450 Shah Alam, Selangor (Malaysia); Malek, M. F.; Rusop, M. [NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM),40450 Shah Alam, Selangor (Malaysia); NANO-SciTech Centre (NST), (Centre for Nano-Science and Nano-Technology), Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA - UiTM, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor (Malaysia); Alrokayan, A. H. Salman; Khan, Haseeb A. [Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Bldg. 5, King Saud University (KSU) P.O: 2455 Riyadh 1145 (Saudi Arabia)

2016-07-06

The Nb-doped TiO{sub 2} films were deposited on glass substrate at different Nb concentrations of 0 at.%, 1 at.%, 3 at.%, 5 at.% and 7 at.%, respectively and their electrical and structural properties were investigated. Subsequently, the Nb-doped TiO{sub 2} films were deposited on top of aligned ZnO Nanorod on ITO glass substrates using spin coating technique. The nanocomposited aligned ZnO nanorod/Nb-doped TiO{sub 2} (TiO{sub 2}:Nb) were coated with different Nb concentrations of 0 at.%, 1 at.%, 3 at.%, 5 at.% and 7 at.%, respectively. The Dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated from the nanocomposited aligned ZnO nanorod/TiO{sub 2}:Nb photoanodes and their effects on the performance of the DSSCs were investigated. From the solar simulator measurement of DSSC the solar energy conversion efficiency (η) of 5.376% under AM 1.5 was obtained for the ZnO nanorod/TiO{sub 2}:Nb-5at.%.

Carrier compensation mechanism in heavily Nb-doped anatase Ti{sub 1-x}Nb{sub x}O{sub 2+{delta}} epitaxial thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nogawa, H; Chikamatsu, A; Hirose, Y; Hasegawa, T [Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); Nakao, S [Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology (KAST), Kawasaki 213-0012 (Japan); Kumigashira, H; Oshima, M, E-mail: chikamatsu@chem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp [Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan)

2011-09-14

We investigated the electronic structures of anatase Ti{sub 1-x}Nb{sub x}O{sub 2+{delta}} (TNO) thin films as a function of Nb concentration x using photoemission spectroscopy (PES) measurements to elucidate the origin of the abrupt decrease in carrier activation in heavily Nb-doped regime. The existing intensity ratio of Nb{sup 5+} evaluated from Nb 3d core-level PES spectra maintained a constant value of {approx}0.8 at x = 0.06-0.3, implying that electron carriers generated by Nb doping are compensated by p-type defects. Ti 2p-3d and O1s-2p resonant PES measurements of x = 0.06-0.3 films revealed that the in-gap states positioned {approx}1 eV below the Fermi level (E{sub F}) have a mixed character of Ti 3d and O 2p orbitals, whereas the states at E{sub F} mainly have a Ti 3d nature. We proposed a carrier compensation mechanism that interstitial oxygen atoms strongly combined with surrounding Nb atoms kill conduction electrons in heavily Nb-doped anatase TiO{sub 2}.

Decrease in electrical contact resistance of Sb-doped n+-BaSi2 layers and spectral response of an Sb-doped n+-BaSi2/undoped BaSi2 structure for solar cells

Science.gov (United States)

Kodama, Komomo; Takabe, Ryota; Yachi, Suguru; Toko, Kaoru; Suemasu, Takashi

2018-03-01

We investigated how the electron concentration n in a 300-nm-thick Sb-doped n+-BaSi2 layer grown by molecular beam epitaxy affected the contact resistance R C to surface electrodes (Al, indium-tin-oxide). As the n of n-BaSi2 increased, R C decreased and reached a minimum of 0.019 Ω cm2 at n = 2.4 × 1018 cm-3 for the Al electrodes. This value was more than 1 order of magnitude smaller than that obtained for Al/B-doped p-BaSi2. We believe that this significant decrease in R C came from Sb segregation. Furthermore, the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) spectrum was evaluated for an Sb-doped n+-BaSi2 (20 nm)/undoped BaSi2 (500 nm)/n+-Si(111) structure. Its IQE reached as high as ˜50% over a wide wavelength range under a small bias voltage of 0.1 V applied between the top and bottom electrodes.

Substitution behavior of x(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-(1 - x)BaTiO3 ceramics for multilayer ceramic capacitors by a near edge x-ray absorption fine structure analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Ha, Jooyeon; Ryu, Jiseung; Lee, Heesoo

2014-06-01

The doping effect of (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 (NKN) as alternatives for rare-earth elements on the electrical properties of BaTiO3 has been investigated, in terms of their substitution behavior. The dielectric constant of a specimen with x = 0.05 was about 79% higher than that of pure BaTiO3, and the temperature coefficient of capacitance was satisfied by the X7R specification. The specimen with x = 0.05 showed the lowest tetragonality among the four compositions and had a fine grain size of x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, the practical substitution behavior was defined by the change in Ti 3d orbital states. The energy separation of the Ti 3d orbitals was more apparent with the specimen of x = 0.05, which is related to the donor level from the donor substitution of Nb5+ ion for Ti-sites. Therefore, the simultaneous substitution of Na+/K+ and Nb5+ ions into BaTiO3 can improve dielectric properties, based on the charge-transfer process.

Study and characterization of the BBT (BaBi4Ti4O15) ceramic added with 1 wt. % Nb2O5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva, P.M.O.; Sales, A.J.M.; Freitas, D.B.; Oliveira, R.G.M.; Sombra, A.S.B.; Sales, J.C.

2012-01-01

This study aims to synthesize and characterize the ceramic BBT (BaBi 4 TI 4 O 15 ) doped with 1% by mass of the densification Nb2O5 to improve the products. The phase of the BBT has been found by solid state reaction. The mixed oxides starting processed by high-energy milling in planetary mill reactor polymer and spheres of zirconia and calcined at 850°C/3h. Later, 'bulks' prepared with the calcined powder were sintered at 950°C/3h. The calcined powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction data and refined by the beta 3.2 DBWSTools program using the Rietveld method. The grain morphology and distribution of pores on the surface of the 'bulks' were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The result confirmed the refined to obtain the single phase with tetragonal structure BaBi 4 TI 4 O 15 density of 5.088 g/cm3 calculated in the unit cell. SEM analysis by SEM showed improved densification of the doped. (author)

SmBa2NbO6 Nanopowders, an Effective Percolation Network Medium for YBCO Superconductors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Vidya

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The percolation behavior of superconductor-insulator composite, YBa2Cu3O7–δ, and nano SmBa2NbO2 synthesized by modified combustion technique was studied. Particle size of nano SmBa2NBO6 was determined using transmission electron microscopy. The chemical nonreactivity of nano SmBa2NbO6 with YBCO is evident from the X-Ray diffraction study which makes it a suitable nanoceramic substrate material for high temperature superconducting films. A systematic increase in the sintered density, approaching the optimum value of the insulating nanophase is clearly observed, as the vol.% of YBCO in the composite decreases. SEM micrograph showed uniform distribution of nanopowder among the large clusters of YBCO. The obtained percolation threshold is ~26 vol% of YBCO in the composite. All the composites below the threshold value showed TC(0~92 K even though the room resistivity increases with increase in vol.% of nano SmBa2NbO6. The values of critical exponents obtained matches well with the theoretically expected ones for an ideal superconductor-insulator system.

Substitution behavior of x(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-(1 − x)BaTiO3 ceramics for multilayer ceramic capacitors by a near edge x-ray absorption fine structure analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ha, Jooyeon; Ryu, Jiseung; Lee, Heesoo

2014-01-01

The doping effect of (Na 0.5 K 0.5 )NbO 3 (NKN) as alternatives for rare-earth elements on the electrical properties of BaTiO 3 has been investigated, in terms of their substitution behavior. The dielectric constant of a specimen with x = 0.05 was about 79% higher than that of pure BaTiO 3 , and the temperature coefficient of capacitance was satisfied by the X7R specification. The specimen with x = 0.05 showed the lowest tetragonality among the four compositions and had a fine grain size of 5+ ion for Ti-sites. Therefore, the simultaneous substitution of Na + /K + and Nb 5+ ions into BaTiO 3 can improve dielectric properties, based on the charge-transfer process.

Spectroscopic investigations of nanostructured LiNbO3 doped with Eu3+

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hreniak, D.; Speghini, A.; Bettinelli, M.; Strek, W.

2006-01-01

Structural and optical properties of the sol-gel derived nanocrystalline lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) powders doped with Eu 3+ ions have been studied. In particular, the influence of the sizes of nanoparticles controlled by temperature on the structural and luminescence properties has been investigated. Emission bands corresponding to 5 D emission became more resolved with increasing nanocrystal size and changed to a typical Eu 3+ :LiNbO 3 single crystal spectrum for nanocrystals having an average size of more than 40 nm. Nonlinear optical properties of nanostructured LiNbO 3 have been confirmed by simple observation of second harmonic generation effect (SHG). The possibility of using nanostructured LiNbO 3 doped with rare-earth ions as self-doubling elements in integrated optoelectronic devices has been discussed

Observation of superconductivity in BaNb2S5

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, M. G.; Neumeier, J. J.

2018-06-01

Bulk superconductivity is reported in BaNb2S5 at the transition temperature Tc = 0.85(1) K. The electrical resistivity ρ versus T is metallic with ρ(2 K) = 42.4 μΩ cm. The magnetic susceptibility is paramagnetic, with temperature-independent contributions due to diamagnetism, Pauli paramagnetism, and Van Vleck paramagnetism; a Curie-Weiss contribution appears to be impurity related. Hall effect measurements show that the majority charge carriers are electrons with charge-carrier concentration n(3 K) = 2.40(2) × 1021 cm-3. Specific heat measurements reveal an electronic specific heat coefficient γ = 11.2(1) mJ/mol K2, a Debye temperature ΘD = 126.4(8) K, and an energy gap associated with the superconducting state of Eg = 0.184(4) meV. Measurements of ρ(T) in magnetic field provide the upper critical magnetic field of about 3055(74) Oe as T → 0 K, which was used to estimate the coherence length ξ = 6.21(15) nm. The results allow classification of BaNb2S5 as a Type II, BCS superconductor in the dirty limit.

Electrochemical characterization and redox behavior of Nb-doped SrTiO3

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Blennow Tullmar, Peter; Kammer Hansen, Kent; Wallenberg, L. Reine

2009-01-01

Sr-vacancy compensated Nb-doped SrTiO3 with the nominal composition Sr0.94Ti0.9Nb0.1O3 has been evaluated as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode material in terms of redox stability and electrochemical properties. Sr0.94Ti0.9Nb0.1O3 has been synthesized with a recently developed modified glycine......-nitrate process. The phase purity and redox behavior have been analyzed with XRD and TGA. The electrochemical properties of Sr0.94Ti0.9Nb0.1O3 and a composite electrode of Sr0.94Ti0.9Nb0.1O3/YSZ have been investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on cone shaped electrodes and on electrodes...... in a symmetrical cell configuration. The experiments indicated that the Nb-doped SrTiO3 electrodes were redox stable and showed a potential ability to be used as a part of a SOFC anode. The electrochemical activity appeared to be governed by the concentration of defect species (especially Ti3+ and V-0...

Donor-acceptor-pair emission characterization in N-B doped fluorescent SiC

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ou, Yiyu; Jokubavicius, Valdas; Kamiyama, Satoshi

2011-01-01

In the present work, we investigated donor-acceptor-pair emission in N-B doped fluorescent 6H-SiC, by means of photoluminescence, Raman spectroscopy, and angle-resolved photoluminescence. The photoluminescence results were interpreted by using a band diagram with Fermi-Dirac statistics. It is shown...... intensity in a large emission angle range was achieved from angle-resolved photoluminescence. The results indicate N-B doped fluorescent SiC as a good wavelength converter in white LEDs applications....

Steps in growth of Nb-doped layered titanates with very high surface area suitable for water purification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Milanović, Marija; Nikolić, Ljubica M.; Stijepović, Ivan; Kontos, Athanassios G.; Giannakopoulos, Konstantinos P.

2014-01-01

Nb-doped layered titanates, as highly efficient adsorbents, have been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction for variable duration and at 150 °C in a highly alkaline solution with NbCl 5 as the Nb source. The results have shown the formation of nanosheets already after 1 h of hydrothermal processing, but morphology and phase composition change as the reaction proceeds. The prepared layered titanates have been structurally investigated via scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, as well as Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. The steps of layered titanate growth have been followed and an intermediate layered anatase phase is identified. Thus optimized growth of mesoporous titanate materials with 10% Nb atomic content present very high specific surface area of 345.3 m 2  g −1 , and perform as very efficient adsorbents for wastewater treatment applications. - Highlights: • Nb-doped layered titanates have been prepared by a hydrothermal procedure. • Introduction of Nb to precursor lowers the rate of layered titanate formation. • Steps in growth of Nb-doped layered titanates are considered. • Nb-doped layered titanates show high/fast MB adsorption from concentrated solution

Piezoelectric properties and temperature stability of Mn-doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-PbZrO3-PbTiO3 textured ceramics

OpenAIRE

Yan, Yongke; Cho, Kyung-Hoon; Priya, Shashank

2012-01-01

In this letter, we report the electromechanical properties of textured 0.4Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3) O-3-0.25PbZrO(3)-0.35PbTiO(3) (PMN-PZT) composition which has relatively high rhombohedral to tetragonal (R-T) transition temperature (TR-T of 160 degrees C) and Curie temperature (T-C of 234 degrees C) and explore the effect of Mn-doping on this composition. It was found that MnO2-doped textured PMN-PZT ceramics with 5 vol.% BaTiO3 template (T-5BT) exhibited inferior temperature stability. The coupling f...

Novel tri-modal defect structure in Nb-doped MOCVD Y Ba2Cu3O7: a paradigm for pinning landscape control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aytug, Tolga; Zuev, Yuri; Specht, Eliot D; Parans Paranthaman, M; Maroni, Victor A; Miller, Dean J; Chen, Zhijun; Jeremy Kropf, A; Zaluzec, Nestor J

2012-01-01

Immobilization of vortices, or flux pinning, is both an enduring scientific issue and one of the most important problems in optimizing high temperature superconductors (HTSs) for commercial use. Here, we demonstrate a practical approach to the creation of a multi-modal flux pinning landscape in Y Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 (YBCO) films employing an industrially scalable metal–organic chemical vapor deposition technique. Through controlled additions of Nb, we have achieved a novel distribution of crystallographic defects that immobilize (pin) vortices in the YBCO matrix. That is, with only the addition of a single dopant element, a tri-modal, non-superconducting defect structure is induced that threads through the YBCO matrix laterally (parallel to the ab planes of YBCO), vertically (parallel to the YBCO c-axis), and isotropically in the form of random spherical defects. For optimally doped samples, the influence of these multi-modal nanocrystalline defect structures on the flux pinning properties manifests itself as a significant improvement in the critical current density (J c ) for all magnetic field orientations. The results demonstrate the possibility of achieving an ideal flux pinning landscape (from an orientation and strength viewpoint), which permits the design of HTS wires with fully-tunable properties by processes suitable for large-scale manufacturing. (paper)

Raman and NMR study in MgO-doped LiNbO3 crystal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu, L.J.; Chang, Y.H.; Chang, C.S.; Yang, S.J.; Hu, M.L.; Tse, W.S.

1991-01-01

This paper reports on the MgO-doped LiNbO 3 crystal grown and studied by NMR and Raman techniques. The solubility of MgO in the LiNbO 3 crystal is as much as 30 mole %. It is shown in NMR spectra that the number of Nb 5+ cations at A-site (Li-site) decrease as Mg concentration increased when the Mg content is lower than 5 mole %. The vibration of (NbO 6 ) octahedron and translations involving Li + and Mg 2+ cations motion can be identified by replacing Nb 5+ and Li + cations with Ta 5+ and Mg 2+ cations through Raman spectra. The 115 cm -1 and 151 cm -1 peaks are due to the translational modes of Mg 2+ and Li + cations. The doping mechanisms of MgO are proposed

Ba3NbAs3O: synthesis, crystal structure, Raman spectroscopy and bonding analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Monconduit, L.; Tillard, M.; Favier, F.; Belin, C.

1999-01-01

The crystal structure of Ba 3 NbAs 3 O has been solved by crystal X-ray analysis (CAD-4 automatic diffractometer, Mo Kα radiation). The compound crystallizes in space group Pnma, a=6.724(2), b=11.100(2), c=13.462(3) A, V=1004.7(4) A 3 , Z=4. The structure has been refined to R1=0.0343 for 964 independent reflections, it can be described as packing of nearly tetrahedral NbAs 3 O 6- anions, their coordination by Ba 2+ cations forming interconnected trigonal prisms. The chemical bonding has been analyzed by MO calculations and Raman spectroscopy. (orig.)

Structural and electronic properties of Mg and Mg-Nb co-doped TiO2 (101) anatase surface

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sasani, Alireza; Baktash, Ardeshir; Mirabbaszadeh, Kavoos; Khoshnevisan, Bahram

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Formation energy of Mg and Mg-Nb co-doped TiO_2 anatase surface (101) is studied. • Effect of Mg defect to the TiO_2 anatase (101) surface and bond length distribution of the surface is studied and it is shown that Mg defects tend to stay far from each other. • Effect of Mg and Nb to the bond length distribution of the surface studied and it is shown that these defects tend to stay close to each other. • Effects of Mg and Mg-Nb defects on DSSCs using TiO_2 anatase hosting these defects are studied. - Abstract: In this paper, by using density functional theory, Mg and Nb-Mg co-doping of TiO_2 anatase (101) surfaces are studied. By studying the formation energy of the defects and the bond length distribution of the surface, it is shown that Mg defects tend to stay as far as possible to induce least possible lattice distortion while Nb and Mg defects stay close to each other to cause less stress to the surface. By investigating band structure of the surface and changes stemmed from the defects, potential effects of Mg and Mg-Nb co-doping of TiO_2 surface on dye-sensitized solar cells are investigated. In this study, it is shown that the Nb-Mg co-doping could increase J_S_C of the surface while slightly decreasing V_O_C compared to Mg doped surface, which might result in an increase in efficiency of the DSSCs compared to Nb or Mg doped surfaces.

Nanostructured rare earth doped Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}: Structural, optical properties and their correlation with photonic applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pereira, Rafael Ramiro; Aquino, Felipe Thomaz [Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-901 (Brazil); Ferrier, Alban [PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris (France); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris (France); Goldner, Philippe [PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris (France); Gonçalves, Rogéria R., E-mail: rrgoncalves@ffclrp.usp.br [Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-901 (Brazil)

2016-02-15

In the present work, we report on a systematic study on structural and spectroscopic properties Eu{sup 3+} and Er{sup 3+}-doped Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} prepared by sol–gel method. The Eu{sup 3+} ions were used as structural probe to determine the symmetry sites occupied by lanthanide ions. The Eu{sup 3+}-doped Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} nanocrystalline powders were annealed at different temperatures to verify how the different Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} crystalline phases affect the structure and the luminescence properties. Er{sup 3+}-doped Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} was prepared showing an intense NIR luminescence, and, visible luminescence on the green and red, deriving from upconversion process. The synthetized materials can find widespread applicability in photonics as red luminophor for white LED (with tricolor), optical amplifiers and upconverter materials. - Highlights: • Vis and NIR emission from nanostructured lanthanide doped Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}. • Eu{sup 3+}-doped Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} as Red luminophor. • Multicolor tunability of intense upconversion emission from lanthanide doped Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}. • Potential application as biological markers. • Broad band NIR emission.

Ajuste teórico de las curvas PTCR de BaTiO3 dopado con niobio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Castro, M. S.

2002-02-01

Full Text Available In this work, a theoretical fitting to the experimental PTCR effect in slightly Nb-doped BaTiO3 from the Heywang-Jonker model is simulated. Besides, a qualitative approach was used to evaluate the GBBL characteristics of strongly Nb - doped BaTiO3. In both cases, a link between the electrical properties and the defect profile developed in these based - BaTiO3 ceramics was established. From the results, good agreement between experimental and calculated results was obtained for the PTCR ceramics. Asmall increment in Nb2O5 concentration leads to an increasing in the concentration of occupied acceptor states, the energy of the surface state and also the barrier height. In these cases, microstructural observations shown an important grain growth with average grain size between 10 and 100μm. EPR results clearly indicate low concentration of cationic vacancies for these materials. This phenomenon is associated to a charge-compensation mechanism in slightly-doped BaTiO3, that result in a semiconducting behaviour. On the other hand, the electrical behaviour of strongly–doped BaTiO3 moves away from the PTCR effect, and the material becomes insulating with noticeable GBBL characteristics. In this case, microstructural observations along defect structure analysis encourage the hypothesis in which barium vacancies act as acceptor at grain boundaries and play and important role in restricting grain growth of Nb2O5-BaTiO3 ceramics.En este trabajo se determinó la influencia de la concentración de Nb2O5 sobre el comportamiento PTCR de cerámicos basados en BaTiO3. Por otra parte, se estudió el impacto de una gran concentración del dopante sobre el comportamiento GBBL del BaTiO3. En ambos casos, se estableció una relación entre las propiedades eléctricas observadas y la estructura de defectos iónicos desarrollada. La aplicación del modelo de Heywang-Jonker permite el ajuste teórico de las curvas de resistividad – temperatura de los cerámicos PTCR

Study and characterization of the BBT (BaBi{sub 4}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 15}) ceramic added with 1 wt. % Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}; Estudo e caracterizacao da ceramica BBT (BaBi{sub 4}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 15}) dopada com 1% de Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, P.M.O.; Sales, A.J.M.; Freitas, D.B.; Oliveira, R.G.M.; Sombra, A.S.B., E-mail: paulo2003@gmail.com [Universidade Federal do Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE (Brazil); Sales, J.C. [Universidade Estadual Vale do Acarau (UVA), Fortaleza, CE (Brazil)

2012-07-01

This study aims to synthesize and characterize the ceramic BBT (BaBi{sub 4}TI{sub 4}O{sub 15}) doped with 1% by mass of the densification Nb2O5 to improve the products. The phase of the BBT has been found by solid state reaction. The mixed oxides starting processed by high-energy milling in planetary mill reactor polymer and spheres of zirconia and calcined at 850°C/3h. Later, 'bulks' prepared with the calcined powder were sintered at 950°C/3h. The calcined powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction data and refined by the beta 3.2 DBWSTools program using the Rietveld method. The grain morphology and distribution of pores on the surface of the 'bulks' were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The result confirmed the refined to obtain the single phase with tetragonal structure BaBi{sub 4}TI{sub 4}O{sub 15} density of 5.088 g/cm3 calculated in the unit cell. SEM analysis by SEM showed improved densification of the doped. (author)

Fabrication and characterization of perovskite-type solar cells with Nb-doped TiO{sub 2} layers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saito, Jo; Oku, Takeo, E-mail: oku@mat.usp.ac.jp; Suzuki, Atsushi; Akiyama, Tsuyoshi [The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533 (Japan)

2016-02-01

Organic-inorganic hybrid heterojunction solar cells containing perovskite CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} using Nb-doped TiO{sub 2} as an electron-transporting layer were fabricated and characterized. Nb-doped TiO{sub 2} layer showed an improvement of the short-circuit current density and power conversion efficiency using Ti{sub 0.95}Nb{sub 0.05}O{sub 2}.

Structural and electronic properties of Mg and Mg-Nb co-doped TiO2 (101) anatase surface

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sasani, Alireza [Department of Science, Karaj Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Alborz, P.O. Box 31485-313 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Baktash, Ardeshir [Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Mirabbaszadeh, Kavoos, E-mail: mirabbas@aut.ac.ir [Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, P. O. Box 15875-4413 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Khoshnevisan, Bahram [Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167 (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2016-10-30

Highlights: • Formation energy of Mg and Mg-Nb co-doped TiO{sub 2} anatase surface (101) is studied. • Effect of Mg defect to the TiO{sub 2} anatase (101) surface and bond length distribution of the surface is studied and it is shown that Mg defects tend to stay far from each other. • Effect of Mg and Nb to the bond length distribution of the surface studied and it is shown that these defects tend to stay close to each other. • Effects of Mg and Mg-Nb defects on DSSCs using TiO{sub 2} anatase hosting these defects are studied. - Abstract: In this paper, by using density functional theory, Mg and Nb-Mg co-doping of TiO{sub 2} anatase (101) surfaces are studied. By studying the formation energy of the defects and the bond length distribution of the surface, it is shown that Mg defects tend to stay as far as possible to induce least possible lattice distortion while Nb and Mg defects stay close to each other to cause less stress to the surface. By investigating band structure of the surface and changes stemmed from the defects, potential effects of Mg and Mg-Nb co-doping of TiO{sub 2} surface on dye-sensitized solar cells are investigated. In this study, it is shown that the Nb-Mg co-doping could increase J{sub SC} of the surface while slightly decreasing V{sub OC} compared to Mg doped surface, which might result in an increase in efficiency of the DSSCs compared to Nb or Mg doped surfaces.

Compositional Design of Dielectric, Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of (K, Na)NbO₃ and (Ba, Na)(Ti, Nb)O₃ Based Ceramics Prepared by Different Sintering Routes.

Science.gov (United States)

Eiras, José A; Gerbasi, Rosimeire B Z; Rosso, Jaciele M; Silva, Daniel M; Cótica, Luiz F; Santos, Ivair A; Souza, Camila A; Lente, Manuel H

2016-03-08

Lead free piezoelectric materials are being intensively investigated in order to substitute lead based ones, commonly used in many different applications. Among the most promising lead-free materials are those with modified NaNbO₃, such as (K, Na)NbO₃ (KNN) and (Ba, Na)(Ti, Nb)O₃ (BTNN) families. From a ceramic processing point of view, high density single phase KNN and BTNN ceramics are very difficult to sinter due to the volatility of the alkaline elements, the narrow sintering temperature range and the anomalous grain growth. In this work, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and high-energy ball milling (HEBM), following heat treatments (calcining and sintering), in oxidative (O₂) atmosphere have been used to prepare single phase highly densified KNN ("pure" and Cu 2+ or Li 1+ doped), with theoretical densities ρ th > 97% and BTNN ceramics (ρ th - 90%), respectively. Using BTTN ceramics with a P 4 mm perovskite-like structure, we showed that by increasing the NaNbO₃ content, the ferroelectric properties change from having a relaxor effect to an almost "normal" ferroelectric character, while the tetragonality and grain size increase and the shear piezoelectric coefficients ( k 15 , g 15 and d 15 ) improve. For KNN ceramics, the results reveal that the values for remanent polarization as well as for most of the coercive field are quite similar among all compositions. These facts evidenced that Cu 2+ may be incorporated into the A and/or B sites of the perovskite structure, having both hardening and softening effects.

Effect of lithium doping in BaTiO3 ceramics for vibration sensor application

Science.gov (United States)

Praveen, E.; Murugan, S.; Jayakumar, K.

2018-04-01

Phase pure undoped and Lithium doped BaTiO3 particles have been synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction method. Substitution of Lithium at the Ba2+ site in BaTiO3 lattice has been investigated. The structural, vibrational, electrical and mechanical characterization have been carried out. The poled samples were used as a sensing element for the detection of mechanical oscillations and the presence of 80 Hz pulse in the output spectrum manifest the response of the sensor element to the applied mechanical stress. In comparison with pure BaTiO3 the sensitivity of Li doped BaTiO3 is 14 times greater than the pure BaTiO3. This confirms that Li doped BaTiO3 could be an efficient candidate for the functionalization of vibration sensors in space application.

Thermoelectric properties of Cu/Ag doped type-III Ba24Ge100 clathrates

Science.gov (United States)

Fu, Jiefei; Su, Xianli; Yan, Yonggao; Liu, Wei; Zhang, Zhengkai; She, Xiaoyu; Uher, Ctirad; Tang, Xinfeng

2017-09-01

Type-III Ba24Ge100 clathrates possess low thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity at room temperature and, as such, have a great potential as thermoelectric materials for power generation. However, the Seebeck coefficient is very low due to the intrinsically high carrier concentration. In this paper, a series of Ba24CuxGe100-x and Ba24AgyGe100-y specimens were prepared by vacuum melting combined with the subsequent spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. Doping Cu or Ag on the Ge site not only suppresses the concentration of electrons but it also decreases the thermal conductivity. In addition, the carrier mobility and the Seebeck coefficient increase due to the decrease in the carrier concentration. Thus, the power factor is greatly improved, leading to an improvement in the dimensionless figure of merit ZT. Cu-doped Ba24Cu6Ge94 reaches the maximum ZT value of about 0.17 at 873 K, while Ag-doped Ba24Ag6Ge94 attains the dimensionless figure of merit ZT of 0.31 at 873 K, more than 2 times higher value compared to un-doped Ba24Ge100.

Enhanced carrier density in Nb-doped SrTiO3 thermoelectrics

KAUST Repository

Ozdogan, K.

2012-03-08

We study epitaxial SrTiO3 interfaced with Nb-doped SrTi1-x Nb x O3 (x = 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, and 0.5) by full-potential density functional theory. From the electronic band structures obtained by our ab-initio calculations we determine the dependence of the induced metallicity on the Nb concentration. We obtain a monotonous increase of the carrier density with the Nb concentration. The results are confirmed by experiments for SrTi0.88Nb0.12O3 and SrTi0.8Nb0.2O3, demonstrating the predictive power and limitations of our theoretical approach. We also show that the Seebeck coefficient decreases monotonously with increasing temperature.

Enhanced carrier density in Nb-doped SrTiO3 thermoelectrics

KAUST Repository

Ozdogan, K.; Upadhyay Kahaly, M.; Sarath Kumar, S. R.; Alshareef, Husam N.; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo

2012-01-01

We study epitaxial SrTiO3 interfaced with Nb-doped SrTi1-x Nb x O3 (x = 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, and 0.5) by full-potential density functional theory. From the electronic band structures obtained by our ab-initio calculations we determine the dependence of the induced metallicity on the Nb concentration. We obtain a monotonous increase of the carrier density with the Nb concentration. The results are confirmed by experiments for SrTi0.88Nb0.12O3 and SrTi0.8Nb0.2O3, demonstrating the predictive power and limitations of our theoretical approach. We also show that the Seebeck coefficient decreases monotonously with increasing temperature.

Effects of compositions and Nb-doping on microstructure and piezoelectric properties of PMS-PZ-PT system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jiwen, Long; Haiyan, Chen; Zhongyan, Meng

2003-05-25

Sr-substituted (2 mol%) xPMS-(1-x)(PZ-PT) compositions were investigated systematically as a function of PMS concentrations as well as Niobium (Nb) contents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that phases shift from tetragonal phase to rhombohedral phase with the increase of PMS concentrations and with the increase of Nb-doping contents in PMS2. The compositions with x=0.05 (PMS2) was found to have superior piezoelectric properties. The properties of the PMS2 compositions were optimized by the Nb-doping contents of 0.1 mol% (d{sub 33}=450 pC N{sup -1}, K{sub p}=0.65, Q{sub m}=1210). The compositions of PMS2 and 0.1 mol% Nb-doped compositions of PMS2 are practically suitable for ultrasonic motor (USM) applications.

Photoluminescent properties of Pr3+ doped YTiAO6 (A= Nb&Ta) euxenite compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Venugopal, Meenu; Kumar, H. Padma

2018-04-01

Pr3+ doped YTiAO6 (A = Nb and Ta) compounds were prepared by conventional solid state ceramic route. X - ray diffraction studies of the samples confirmed the euxenite orthorhombic phase formation. Effect of Pr3+ doping on the optical and luminescence properties of YTiAO6 (A = Nb and Ta) were studied. The strong absorption in the UV region are due to the absorption by the host YTiAO6 (A = Nb and Ta) and all other peaks can be attributed to that of Pr3+. Host emission peaks are observed around 485 nm and 460 nm in all samples. The red emission observed at 614 nm in the doped samples corresponds to the 1D2 to 3H4 transition of Pr3+ ion. CIE colour coordinates and chromaticity values were also discussed.

An investigation of the Nb doping effect on structural, morphological, electrical and optical properties of spray deposited F doped SnO2 films

Science.gov (United States)

Turgut, G.; Keskenler, E. F.; Aydın, S.; Yılmaz, M.; Doǧan, S.; Düzgün, B.

2013-03-01

F and Nb + F co-doped SnO2 thin films were deposited on glass substrates by the spray pyrolysis method. The microstructural, morphological, electrical and optical properties of the 10 wt% F doped SnO2 (FTO) thin films were investigated specifically for niobium (Nb) doping in the range of 0-4 at.% with 1 at.% steps. As shown by the x-ray diffraction patterns, the films exhibited a tetragonal cassiterite structure with (200) preferential orientation. It was observed that grain sizes of the films for (200) and (301) peaks depended on the Nb doping concentration and varied in the range of 25.11-32.19 and 100.6-183.7 nm, respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs showed that the FTO films were made of small pyramidal grains, while doubly doped films were made of small pyramidal grains and big polyhedron grains. From electrical studies, although 1 at.% Nb doped FTO films have the lowest sheet resistance and resistivity values, the highest figure-of-merit and optical band gap values obtained for FTO films were 16.2 × 10-2 Ω-1 and 4.21 eV, respectively. Also, infrared reflectivity values of the films were in the range of 97.39-98.98%. These results strongly suggest that these films are an attractive candidate for various optoelectronic applications and for photothermal conversion of solar energy.

Vertically aligned nitrogen doped (Sn,Nb)O_2 nanotubes – Robust photoanodes for hydrogen generation by photoelectrochemical water splitting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Patel, Prasad Prakash; Hanumantha, Prashanth Jampani; Velikokhatnyi, Oleg I.; Datta, Moni Kanchan; Gattu, Bharat; Poston, James A.; Manivannan, Ayyakkannu; Kumta, Prashant N.

2016-01-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Nb and N co-doping provides excellent optoelectronic properties for SnO_2 NTs. • The optoelectronic properties of doped SnO_2 are studied by first principles study. • (Sn_0_._9_5Nb_0_._0_5)O_2:N-600 NTs exhibits superior ABPE (4.1%) to date. • Excellent photoelectrochemical stability of (Sn_0_._9_5Nb_0_._0_5)O_2:N-600 NTs. - Abstract: Hydrogen generation from photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is on the forefront of clean energy generation landscape. The efficiency of PEC system is dependent on the engineering of semiconductors with tailored narrow band gap coupled with superior photoelectrochemical activity and desired stability vital for the commercialization of PEC water splitting cells. We report herein the study of vertically aligned Nb and N doped SnO_2 nanotubes (NTs), i.e., (Sn_0_._9_5Nb_0_._0_5)O_2:N NTs for PEC water splitting. (Sn_0_._9_5Nb_0_._0_5)O_2 NTs was selected for co-doping with nitrogen by systematic analysis of applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of various Nb doped SnO_2 (x = 0–0.1) compositions. Consequently, excellent photoelectrochemical stability and the highest efficiency of 4.1% is obtained for (Sn_0_._9_5Nb_0_._0_5)O_2:N-600 NTs never observed for other known TiO_2, ZnO, and Fe_2O_3 systems to date. Additionally, theoretical first principles study provides understanding of Nb and N co-doping on the electronic structure and band gap of SnO_2 semiconductor, further corroborating results of the experimental study.

(Nd0⋅065Ti0⋅87Nb0⋅065)O3 ceramic

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Unknown

Polycrystalline ceramic samples of sodium bismuth titanate with simultaneous doping at A and B sites have been studied for the influence of ... of Nd and Nb at B site in BaTiO3 (BaNdxTi1–2xNbxO3). (Mahboob et al 2005a). Dielectric ..... hence the conduction arises due to short range translation hopping via large polarons.

Effects of Nb doping level on the electronic transport, photoelectric effect and magnetoresistance across La0.5Ca0.5MnO3/Nb:SrTiO3 junctions

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, J. F.; Jiang, Y. C.; Chen, M. G.; Gao, J.

2013-12-01

Heterojunctions composed of La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 and Nb doped SrTiO3 were fabricated, and the effects of the Nb doping level on their electronic transport, photoelectric effect, and magnetoresistance were investigated. A lower doping concentration of Nb led to better rectifying properties and higher open circuit voltages. The I-V curves for La0.5Ca0.5MnO3/0.7 wt. % Nb-SrTiO3 showed a negligible response to magnetic fields for all temperatures, whereas La0.5Ca0.5MnO3/0.05 wt. % Nb-SrTiO3 exhibited distinct magnetoresistance, which depended on both the bias voltage and temperature. These results are discussed with the assistance of conventional semiconductor theories.

Understanding cation ordering and oxygen vacancy site preference in Ba3CaNb2O9 from first-principles

Science.gov (United States)

Ding, Hepeng; Virkar, Anil; Liu, Feng

2014-03-01

We investigate the physical mechanism underlying the formation of the B-site cation ordering and the oxygen vacancy site selection in Ba3CaNb2O9 using density functional theory calculations. We found that either cation site exchange or oxygen vacancy formation induces negligible lattice strain. This implies that the ionic radius plays an insignificant role in governing these two processes. Furthermore, the electrostatic interactions are found dominant in the ordering of mixed valence species on one or more sites, the ionic bond strength is identified as the dominant force in governing both the 1:2 B-site cation ordering along the direction and the oxygen vacancy site preference in Ba3CaNb2O9. Specifically, the cation ordering can be rationalized by the increased mixing bonding energy of the Ca-O-Nb bonds over the Ca-O-Ca and Nb-O-Nb bonds, i.e., 1/2(Ca-O-Ca + Nb-O-Nb) Grant Number DE-SC0001061 as a flow through from the University of South Carolina.

Compositional Design of Dielectric, Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of (K, NaNbO3 and (Ba, Na(Ti, NbO3 Based Ceramics Prepared by Different Sintering Routes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José A. Eiras

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Lead free piezoelectric materials are being intensively investigated in order to substitute lead based ones, commonly used in many different applications. Among the most promising lead-free materials are those with modified NaNbO3, such as (K, NaNbO3 (KNN and (Ba, Na(Ti, NbO3 (BTNN families. From a ceramic processing point of view, high density single phase KNN and BTNN ceramics are very difficult to sinter due to the volatility of the alkaline elements, the narrow sintering temperature range and the anomalous grain growth. In this work, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS and high-energy ball milling (HEBM, following heat treatments (calcining and sintering, in oxidative (O2 atmosphere have been used to prepare single phase highly densified KNN (“pure” and Cu2+ or Li1+ doped, with theoretical densities ρth > 97% and BTNN ceramics (ρth - 90%, respectively. Using BTTN ceramics with a P4mm perovskite-like structure, we showed that by increasing the NaNbO3 content, the ferroelectric properties change from having a relaxor effect to an almost “normal” ferroelectric character, while the tetragonality and grain size increase and the shear piezoelectric coefficients (k15, g15 and d15 improve. For KNN ceramics, the results reveal that the values for remanent polarization as well as for most of the coercive field are quite similar among all compositions. These facts evidenced that Cu2+ may be incorporated into the A and/or B sites of the perovskite structure, having both hardening and softening effects.

Compositional Design of Dielectric, Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of (K, Na)NbO3 and (Ba, Na)(Ti, Nb)O3 Based Ceramics Prepared by Different Sintering Routes

Science.gov (United States)

Eiras, José A.; Gerbasi, Rosimeire B. Z.; Rosso, Jaciele M.; Silva, Daniel M.; Cótica, Luiz F.; Santos, Ivair A.; Souza, Camila A.; Lente, Manuel H.

2016-01-01

Lead free piezoelectric materials are being intensively investigated in order to substitute lead based ones, commonly used in many different applications. Among the most promising lead-free materials are those with modified NaNbO3, such as (K, Na)NbO3 (KNN) and (Ba, Na)(Ti, Nb)O3 (BTNN) families. From a ceramic processing point of view, high density single phase KNN and BTNN ceramics are very difficult to sinter due to the volatility of the alkaline elements, the narrow sintering temperature range and the anomalous grain growth. In this work, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and high-energy ball milling (HEBM), following heat treatments (calcining and sintering), in oxidative (O2) atmosphere have been used to prepare single phase highly densified KNN (“pure” and Cu2+ or Li1+ doped), with theoretical densities ρth > 97% and BTNN ceramics (ρth ~ 90%), respectively. Using BTTN ceramics with a P4mm perovskite-like structure, we showed that by increasing the NaNbO3 content, the ferroelectric properties change from having a relaxor effect to an almost “normal” ferroelectric character, while the tetragonality and grain size increase and the shear piezoelectric coefficients (k15, g15 and d15) improve. For KNN ceramics, the results reveal that the values for remanent polarization as well as for most of the coercive field are quite similar among all compositions. These facts evidenced that Cu2+ may be incorporated into the A and/or B sites of the perovskite structure, having both hardening and softening effects. PMID:28773304

Improvement of the performance of microwave X band absorbers based on pure and doped Ba-hexaferrite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seyyed Afghahi, Seyyed Salman [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Imam Hossein University, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Jafarian, Mojtaba, E-mail: m.jafarian@srbiau.ac.ir [Young Researchers and Elite Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Salehi, Mohsen [Young Researchers and Elite Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Atassi, Yomen [Department of Applied Physics, Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology, Damascus (Syrian Arab Republic)

2017-01-01

Optimum Fe/Ba mole ratio is determined in doped Ba-hexaferrite prepared via mechanical activation. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and vector network analyzer are used to analyze phases, structures, electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties. The mole ratio of Fe/Ba=10 is detected to be optimum for doping and synthesizing the Ba-hexaferrite. In order to achieve high absorption in X band the ions of Zr{sup 4+}–Sn{sup 4+}–Ti{sup 4+}–M{sup 2+} (M=Mg{sup 2+}, Zn{sup 2+}, Cu{sup 2+}, Co{sup 2+}) are used as dopants. The results indicate the formation of single phase Ba-hexaferrite in either pure or doped compounds without any non-magnetic intermediate phases and with spherical and hexagonal morphologies respectively for the pure and doped ferrite. It is found out that BaCo{sub 2}Zr(SnTi){sub 0.5}Fe{sub 8}O{sub 19} compound has the maximum saturation magnetization (49.80 emu/g). Also the composite of BaCo{sub 2}Zr(SnTi){sub 0.5}Fe{sub 8}O{sub 19} 50 wt% in epoxy resin exhibits a minimum reflection loss of −29 dB at 12.2 GHz with 2.6 GHz bandwidth. - Highlights: • Optimum Fe/Ba mole ratio is determined in doped Ba-hexaferrite. • Formation of a single phase M-hexaferrite, pure or doped when Fe/Ba=10. • Preparation of microwave absorber of BaCo{sub 2}Zr(SnTi){sub 0.5}Fe{sub 8}O{sub 19}/epoxy resin, 50 wt%. • The absorber exhibits a minimum RL of −29 dB at 12.2 GHz with 2.6 GHz bandwidth.

Nb-doped TiO2 thin films as photocatalytic materials

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Administrator

that hydrophilicity is ruled by a different mechanism than photocatalysis. Keywords. Nb-doped ... studied for a large area of applications: solar cells,1–3 hydrogen ... our previous work.12,13 Results show that all the films are amorphous and ...

Enhanced photorefractive properties in Hf, Ce and Cu co-doped LiNbO{sub 3} crystals for holographic application

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Tao, E-mail: tzhang_hit02@yahoo.com [Key Laboratory of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China); College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China); Postdoctoral Research Station of Mechanical Engineering, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China); Wang, Xin; Geng, Tao; Tong, Chengguo [Key Laboratory of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China); College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China); Kang, Chong [Key Laboratory of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China); College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China); Postdoctoral Research Station of Mechanical Engineering, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China)

2015-04-25

Graphical abstract: Correlation spots of 200 holograms in a Hf, Ce and Cu co-doped LiNbO{sub 3}. - Highlights: • Several doped LiNbO{sub 3} crystals with various level of Hf doping were grown by Cz method. • IR peak shift is attributed to the complex defect change at different level of Hf. • Enhanced photorefractive properties have been got with higher Hf-doping level. • Reduced defect and increased photoconductivity are responsible for optical properties. • 200 holograms’ experiment is realized in a coherent volume 0.073 cm{sup 3}. - Abstract: Hf, Ce and Cu co-doped LiNbO{sub 3} crystals with various level of Hf doping were grown in air by a conventional Cz method. The infrared spectra were measured to discuss the defect structures and the mechanism of the absorption peak shift in these crystals. The light-induced scattering of the crystals was evaluated by the transmitted light method. The influence of the Hf-doping level on the photorefractive properties of Hf, Ce and Cu co-doped LiNbO{sub 3} crystals was studied via two-beam coupling. It is found that proper doping Hf is an efficient method to enhance the comprehensive photorefractive properties of the LiNbO{sub 3}. Using one of these crystals as medium, 200 holograms storage and correlation experiments based on angle fractal multiplexing have been realized in a coherent volume 0.073 cm{sup 3}. Moreover the diffraction efficiency is uniform and the storage density has reached 2.2 Gb/cm{sup 3}.

Mesostructured niobium-doped titanium oxide-carbon (Nb-TiO2-C) composite as an anode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Hwang, Keebum; Sohn, Hiesang; Yoon, Songhun

2018-02-01

Mesostructured niobium (Nb)-doped TiO2-carbon (Nb-TiO2-C) composites are synthesized by a hydrothermal process for application as anode materials in Li-ion batteries. The composites have a hierarchical porous structure with the Nb-TiO2 nanoparticles homogenously distributed throughout the porous carbon matrix. The Nb content is controlled (0-10 wt%) to investigate its effect on the physico-chemical properties and electrochemical performance of the composite. While the crystalline/surface structure varied with the addition of Nb (d-spacing of TiO2: 0.34-0.36 nm), the morphology of the composite remained unaffected. The electrochemical performance (cycle stability and rate capability) of the Nb-TiO2-C composite anode with 1 wt% Nb doping improved significantly. First, a full cut-off potential (0-2.5 V vs. Li/Li+) of Nb-doped composite anode (1 wt%) provides a higher energy utilization than that of the un-doped TiO2-C anode. Second, Nb-TiO2-C composite anode (1 wt%) exhibits an excellent long-term cycle stability (100% capacity retention, 297 mAh/g at 0.5 C after 100 cycles and 221 mAh/g at 2 C after 500 cycles) and improved rate-capability (192 mAh/g at 5 C), respectively (1 C: 150 mA/g). The superior electrochemical performance of Nb-TiO2-C (1 wt%) could be attributed to the synergistic effect of improved electronic conductivity induced by optimal Nb doping (1 wt%) and lithium-ion penetration (high diffusion kinetics) through unique pore structures.

Positron annihilation lifetime study of positive temperature coefficient BaTiO3 samples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ling Chen; Mingkang Teng; Guanghou Wang; Xiaoyun Li; Tianchang Lu

1989-01-01

In order to investigate the doped vacancies in BaTiO 3 samples as well as their influence on the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy was applied. Two groups of BaTiO 3 samples with BaO excess were prepared by doping different concentrations of La 2 O 3 and Nb 2 O 5 , respectively in the range from 0.1 to 3 at%. A third group of samples of two Sb-doped PTC BaTiO 3 semiconductors with excess BaO or TiO 2 were studied by the aid of positron technique before and after being reduced. It is shown that the positron lifetime parameters are sensitive to changes in the vacancy concentration in BaTiO 3 ceramics near the 0.1 mol% region. But they are almost unchanged during reduction processing; the resistivity of samples changed by one to two orders of magnitude through the reduction. It can be concluded that the PTC effect is due to oxygen on the grain boundary rather than vacancies, and that the Heywang-Jonker model is more reasonable

Crystal structure and optical property of complex perovskite oxynitrides ALi0.2Nb0.8O2.8N0.2, ANa0.2Nb0.8O2.8N0.2, and AMg0.2Nb0.8O2.6N0.4 (A = Sr, Ba)

Science.gov (United States)

Moon, Keon Ho; Avdeev, Maxim; Kim, Young-Il

2017-10-01

Oxynitride type complex perovskites AM0.2Nb0.8O3-xNx (A = Sr, Ba; M = Li, Na, Mg) were newly synthesized by the solid state diffusion of Li+, Na+, or Mg2+ into the layered oxide, A5Nb4O15, with concurrent O/N substitution. Neutron and synchrotron X-ray Rietveld refinement showed that SrLi0.2Nb0.8O2.8N0.2, SrNa0.2Nb0.8O2.8N0.2, and SrMg0.2Nb0.8O2.6N0.4 had body-centered tetragonal symmetry (I4/mcm), while those with A = Ba had simple cubic symmetry (Pm 3 ̅ m). In the tetragonal Sr-compounds, the nitrogen atoms were localized on the c-axial 4a site. However, the octahedral cations, M/Nb (M = Li, Na, Mg) were distributed randomly in all six compounds. The lattice volume of AM0.2Nb0.8O3-xNx was dependent on various factors including the type of A and the electronegativity of M. Compared to the simple perovskites, ANbO2N (A = Sr, Ba), AM0.2Nb0.8O3-xNx had wider band gaps (1.76-2.15 eV for A = Sr and 1.65-2.10 eV for A = Ba), but significantly lower sub-gap absorption.

Enhanced reducibility and electronic conductivity of Nb or W doped Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 - δ

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chatzichristodoulou, Christodoulos; Ricote, Sandrine; Foghmoes, Søren Preben Vagn

2015-01-01

The transport and thermomechanical properties of acceptor (Gd) and donor (Nb or W) co-doped ceria were investigated. The solubility limit of Nb in Ce0.9Gd0.1O2 - δ (CGO10) exceeds 4 at.%, whereas that of W is approximately 2 at.%. Both the thermal and stoichiometric expansion coefficients...... are decreased relative to that of CGO10. Charge compensation of the donor dopants takes place primarily by annihilation of oxide ion vacancies, and a sharp decrease in ionic mobility is observed upon Nb or W doping of CGO10. On the other hand, the n-type electronic conductivity, associated with the reduction...... of Ce4+, increases upon doping with Nb or W, due to enhanced reducibility of cerium. This is beneficial for applications where electronic conductivity is also required, like oxygen permeation membranes. Modeling shows that 4 at.% Nb or W doped CGO10 will deliver higher oxygen fluxes than CGO10, due...

Fabrication and electrical investigations of Pb-doped BaTiO_3 ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sareecha, N.; Shah, W.A.; Maqsood, A.; Anis-ur-Rehman, M.; Latif Mirza, M.

2017-01-01

Electrical properties of Pb doped BaTiO_3; PBT are investigated in the wide range of temperatures (40–700 °C) at 1 kHz frequency. PBT ceramics were fabricated through solid state sintering method. Pre fired BaTiO_3 prepared with Ba/Ti molar ratio of 0.98 was doped with PbCO_3 (<1 mole %). XRD patterns indicated perovskite phase with tetragonal structures (P4mm). Morphological studies (SEM) revealed grain development with increasing lead contents. With lead doping and its variation, Curie temperature (T_C) was shifted from 120 to 200 °C with broad dielectric constant peaks and dielectric anomalies with relaxor behavior were observed. Resistivity decreased with increasing temperature, all specimens showed semiconductor behavior with negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (NTCR) characteristics. Mobility of electrons increased with thermal activation due to hopping of charge carriers from one site to another. Ohmic conductivities and associated activation energies were evaluated by impedance spectroscopy. Conductivity followed the Arrhenius law with E_a = 1.187–1.169 eV which can be attributed to the ionic conduction owning to doubly ionized oxygen vacancies. Well-defined hysteresis P-E loops measured at room temperature depicted ferroelectric properties of the materials. - Graphical abstract: Temperature dependence of dielectric constant (Ɛ′) and resistivity (ρ) for pure and Pb-doped BaTiO_3 ceramics at 1 k Hz frequency. - Highlights: • Pb-doped BaTiO_3ceramics were fabricated through solid state sintering. • Electrical properties were studied at the temperatures 40–700 °C at 1 kHz. • Specimens showed negative temperature coefficient of resistivity characteristics. • Conductivity followed the Arrhenius law with E_a = 1.187–1.169 eV. • Ionic conduction was supposed to be responsible for conduction process.

Nb-doped rutile TiO₂: a potential anode material for Na-ion battery.

Science.gov (United States)

Usui, Hiroyuki; Yoshioka, Sho; Wasada, Kuniaki; Shimizu, Masahiro; Sakaguchi, Hiroki

2015-04-01

The electrochemical properties of the rutile-type TiO2 and Nb-doped TiO2 were investigated for the first time as Na-ion battery anodes. Ti(1-x)Nb(x)O2 thick-film electrodes without a binder and a conductive additive were prepared using a sol-gel method followed by a gas-deposition method. The TiO2 electrode showed reversible reactions of Na insertion/extraction accompanied by expansion/contraction of the TiO2 lattice. Among the Ti(1-x)Nb(x)O2 electrodes with x = 0-0.18, the Ti(0.94)Nb(0.06)O2 electrode exhibited the best cycling performance, with a reversible capacity of 160 mA h g(-1) at the 50th cycle. As the Li-ion battery anode, this electrode also attained an excellent rate capability, with a capacity of 120 mA h g(-1) even at the high current density of 16.75 A g(-1) (50C). The improvements in the performances are attributed to a 3 orders of magnitude higher electronic conductivity of Ti(0.94)Nb(0.06)O2 compared to that of TiO2. This offers the possibility of Nb-doped rutile TiO2 as a Na-ion battery anode as well as a Li-ion battery anode.

Device characteristics of organic light-emitting diodes based on electronic structure of the Ba-doped Alq3 layer.

Science.gov (United States)

Lim, Jong Tae; Kim, Kyung Nam; Yeom, Geun Young

2009-12-01

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a Ba-doped tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (Alq3) layer were fabricated to reduce the barrier height for electron injection and to improve the electron conductivity. In the OLED consisting of glass/ITO/4,4',4"-tris[2-naphthylphenyl-1-phenylamino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA, 30 nm)/4,4'-bis[N-(1-napthyl)-N-phenyl-amino]-biphenyl (NPB, 18 nm)/Alq3 (42 nm)/Ba-doped Alq3 (20 nm, x%: x = 0, 10, 25, and 50)/Al (100 nm), the device with the Alq3 layer doped with 10% Ba showed the highest light out-coupling characteristic. However, as the Ba dopant concentration was increased from 25% to 50%, this device characteristic was largely reduced. The characteristics of these devices were interpreted on the basis of the chemical reaction between Ba and Alq3 and the electron injection property by analyzing the electronic structure of the Ba-doped Alq3 layer. At a low Ba doping of 10%, mainly the Alq3 radical anion species was formed. In addition, the barrier height for electron injection in this layer was decreased to 0.6 eV, when compared to the pristine Alq3 layer. At a high Ba doping of 50%, the Alq3 molecules were severely decomposed. When the Ba dopant concentration was changed, the light-emitting characteristics of the devices were well coincided with the formation mechanism of Alq3 radical anion and Alq3 decomposition species.

Up-conversion emission of Er{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+}co-doped BaBi{sub 2}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 9} (BBN) phosphors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Façanha, M.X., E-mail: marcello.facanha@uece.br [Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará (Brazil); Faculdade de Educação de Crateús (FAEC), Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará (Brazil); Laboratório de Telecomunicações e Ciências e Engenharia de Materiais (LOCEM), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará (Brazil); Nascimento, J.P.C. do [Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará (Brazil); Laboratório de Telecomunicações e Ciências e Engenharia de Materiais (LOCEM), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará (Brazil); Silva, M.A.S., E-mail: marceloassilva@yahoo.com.br [Laboratório de Telecomunicações e Ciências e Engenharia de Materiais (LOCEM), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará (Brazil); and others

2017-03-15

On this paper, polycrystalline samples of the tetragonal systems BaBi{sub 2}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 9} (BBN) and BBN co-doped with Er{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+} (BBN: 0.04Er{sup 3+}yYb{sup 3+}, where y=0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 mol%) were synthesized by the solid state method. The crystalline structure and photoluminescent properties of the ceramic phosphors were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectroscopy and spectral analysis of up-conversion (UC) emission. The results reveal that all compositions crystallize in the I4/mmm space group at room temperature, and show UC green emissions (centered at 525 nm and 550 nm) and red (around 660 nm) coming from ({sup 2}H{sub 11/2}, {sup 4}S{sub 3/2}→{sup 4}I{sub 15/2}) and ({sup 4}F{sub 9/2}→{sup 4}I{sub 15/2}) transitions, respectively, under excitation at 980 nm. Increasing variations of the Yb{sup 3+} sensitizer concentration in the host BBN, lead to a significant intensity increase in both UC emissions due to the efficiency of the energy-transfer process. The BBN: 0.04 mol%Er{sup 3+}0.08 mol%Yb{sup 3+} composition showed the higher intensity bands, thus establishing the BBN as an alternative host material for luminescent centers.

Impedance spectroscopy of Li2CO3 doped (Ba,Sr)TiO3 ceramic

Science.gov (United States)

Ham, Yong-Su; Koh, Jung-Hyuk

2013-02-01

(BaxSr1-x)TiO3-based ceramic has been considered as one of the most important electronic materials widely employed in microwave passive device applications. Many researches have been performed to lower the high sintering temperature, by adding various dopants such as B2O3, La2O3, etc. In our previous study, by adding Li2CO3 to (Ba0.5,Sr0.5)TiO3 ceramics, the sintering temperature of Li2CO3 doped (Ba0.5,Sr0.5)TiO3 ceramics decreased from 1350 to 900 °C. This study observed the crystalline structure and electrical properties of Li2CO3 doped (Ba0.5,Sr0.5)TiO3 ceramics. In scanning the crystalline structure of Li2CO3 doped (Ba0.5,Sr0.5)TiO3 ceramics, no pyro phase was observed by X-ray diffraction analysis. To investigate the electrical properties of Li2CO3 doped (Ba0.5,Sr0.5)TiO3 ceramics, real and imaginary parts of the impedances were analyzed. Complex impedance data were measured from 100 Hz to 1 MHz at various temperature ranges.

Effects of B site doping on electronic structures of InNbO4 based on hybrid density functional calculations

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, M. F.; Zhou, C. P.; Li, Q. Q.; Zhang, C. L.; Shi, H. F.

2018-01-01

In order to improve the photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation, we adopted first principle calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) to calculate the electronic structures of B site transition metal element doped InNbO4. The results indicated that the complete hybridization of Nb 4d states and some Ti 3d states contributed to the new conduction band of Ti doped InNbO4, barely changing the position of band edge. For Cr doping, some localized Cr 3d states were introduced into the band gap. Nonetheless, the potential of localized levels was too positive to cause visible-light reaction. When it came to Cu doping, the band gap was almost same with that of InNbO4 as well as some localized Cu 3d states appeared above the top of VB. The introduction of localized energy levels benefited electrons to migrate from valence band (VB) to conduction band (CB) by absorbing lower energy photons, realizing visible-light response.

Hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. 20. Ba/sub 6/Nb/sub 4/ZrvacantO/sub 18/ - a new stacking polytype with a rhombohedral 18 L structure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schittenhelm, H J; Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie 2

1980-06-01

The white Ba/sub 6/Nb/sub 4/ZrvacantO/sub 18/ crystallizes in a rhombohedral 18 L structure (a = 5.82/sub 1/ A; c = 42.6/sub 3/ A; space group R3m) with three formula units for the trigonal setting (rhosub(exp) = 6.0/sub 5/ g/cm/sup 3/; rhosub(calc) = 6.27/sub 1/ g/cm/sup 3/). The corresponding Tisup(IV) and Hfsup(IV) compounds, Ba/sub 6/Nb/sub 4/TivacantO/sub 18/ and Ba/sub 6/Nb/sub 4/HfvacantO/sub 18/, are isotypic.

Microstructural and dielectrical characterization of Ho doped BaTiO3 ceramics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marjanović Miloš

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The Ho doped BaTiO3 ceramics, with different Ho2O3 content, ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 wt % Ho, were investigated regarding their microstructural and dielectric characteristics. Doped BaTiO3 were prepared using conventional solid state reaction and sintered at 1380°C for four hours. SEM analysis of Ho/BaTiO3 doped ceramics showed that the low doped samples exhibit mainly fairly uniform and homogeneous microstructure with the grain size ranged from 20-40 μm. In the samples with the higher dopant concentration the abnormal grain growth is inhibited and the grain size ranged between 2-10 μm. Measurements of dielectric properties were carried out as a function of temperature up to 180 °C at different frequencies. The samples doped with 0.01wt % of Ho, exhibit the high value of dielectric permittivity (εr = 2160 at room temperature. A nearly flat permittivity-response was obtained in specimens with higher additive content. Using a Curie-Weiss law and modified Curie-Weiss law the Curie constant (C, Curie temperature (Tc and a critical exponent of nonlinearity (g were calculated. The Curie temperature of doped samples were ranged from 128 to 130°C. The Curie constant for all series of samples decrease with increase of dopant concentration and the lowest values were observed on samples doped with 0.01 wt % of holmium. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. OI 172057: Directed synthesis, structure and properties of multifunctional materials i br. TR 32026

Properties of Nb-doped ZnO transparent conductive thin films ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Administrator

by rf magnetron sputtering using a high quality ceramic target ... Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic ... films are highly textured along the c axis and perpendicular to the surface of the substrate. ... ZnO films; Nb-doped; magnetron sputtering; optical and electrical properties. 1.

Oxidation-resistant Ge-doped silicide coating on Cr-Cr2Nb alloys by pack cementation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

He Yirong

1997-01-01

The halide-activated pack cementation process was modified to produce a Ge-doped silicide diffusion coating on Cr-Cr 2 Nb alloys in a single processing step. The morphology and composition of the coating depended both on the pack composition and processing schedule and also on the composition and microstructure of the substrate. Higher Ge content in the pack suppressed the formation of CrSi 2 and reduced the growth kinetics of the coating. Ge was not homogeneously distributed in the coatings. Under cyclic and isothermal oxidation conditions, the Ge-doped silicide coating protected the Cr-Nb alloys from significant oxidation and from pesting by the formation of a Ge-doped silica film. (orig.)

Colossal Dielectric Behavior of Ga+Nb Co-Doped Rutile TiO2.

Science.gov (United States)

Dong, Wen; Hu, Wanbiao; Berlie, Adam; Lau, Kenny; Chen, Hua; Withers, Ray L; Liu, Yun

2015-11-18

Stimulated by the excellent colossal permittivity (CP) behavior achieved in In+Nb co-doped rutile TiO2, in this work we investigate the CP behavior of Ga and Nb co-doped rutile TiO2, i.e., (Ga(0.5)Nb(0.5))(x)Ti(1-x)O2, where Ga(3+) is from the same group as In(3+) but with a much smaller ionic radius. Colossal permittivity of up to 10(4)-10(5) with an acceptably low dielectric loss (tan δ = 0.05-0.1) over broad frequency/temperature ranges is obtained at x = 0.5% after systematic synthesis optimizations. Systematic structural, defect, and dielectric characterizations suggest that multiple polarization mechanisms exist in this system: defect dipoles at low temperature (∼10-40 K), polaronlike electron hopping/transport at higher temperatures, and a surface barrier layer capacitor effect. Together these mechanisms contribute to the overall dielectric properties, especially apparent observed CP. We believe that this work provides comprehensive guidance for the design of new CP materials.

Ferroelectric and optical properties of `Ba-doped' new double perovskites

Science.gov (United States)

Parida, B. N.; Panda, Niranjan; Padhee, R.; Parida, R. K.

2018-06-01

Solid solution of Pb1.5Ba0.5BiNbO6 ceramic is explored here to obtain its ferroelectric and optical properties. The polycrystalline sample was prepared by a standard solid state reaction route. Room temperature XRD and FTIR spectra of the compound exhibit an appreciable change in its crystal structure of Pb2BiNbO6 on addition of 'Ba' in A site. The surface morphology of the gold-plated sintered pellet sample recorded by SEM exhibits a uniform distribution of small grains with well-defined grain boundaries. Detailed studies on the nature of polarization and variation of dielectric constant, tangent loss with temperature as well as frequency indicate the existence of Ferro-electricity in the sample. Using UV-Vis spectroscopy, the optical band gap of the studied sample has been estimated as 2.1 eV, which is useful for photo catalytic devices. Photoluminescence analysis of the powder sample shows a strong red photoluminescence with blue excitation, which is basically useful for LED.

Photoluminescence and thermoluminescence properties of Eu2+ doped and Eu2+ ,Dy3+ co-doped Ba2 MgSi2 O7 phosphors.

Science.gov (United States)

Sao, Sanjay Kumar; Brahme, Nameeta; Bisen, D P; Tiwari, Geetanjali

2016-11-01

In this work, we report the preparation, characterization, comparison and luminescence mechanisms of Eu 2 + -doped and Eu 2 + ,Dy 3 + -co-doped Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 (BMSO) phosphors. Prepared phosphors were synthesized via a high temperature solid-state reaction method. All prepared phosphors appeared white. The phase structure, particle size, and elemental analysis were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The luminescence properties of the phosphors were investigated by thermoluminescence (TL) and photoluminescence (PL). The PL excitation and emission spectra of Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Eu 2 + showed the peak to be around 381 nm and 490 nm respectively. The PL excitation spectrum of Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Eu 2 + Dy 3 + showed the peak to be around 341 nm and 388 nm, and the emission spectrum had a broad band around 488 nm. These emissions originated from the 4f 6 5d 1 to 4f 7 transition of Eu 2 + . TL analysis revealed that the maximum TL intensity was found at 5 mol% of Eu 2 + doping in Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 phosphors after 15 min of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. TL intensity was increased when Dy 3 + ions were co-doped in Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Eu 2 + and maximum TL intensity was observed for 2 mol% of Dy 3 + . TL emission spectra of Ba 1.95 MgSi 2 O 7 :0.05Eu 2 + and Ba 1.93 MgSi 2 O 7 :0.05Eu 2 + ,0.02Dy 3 + phosphors were found at 500 nm. TL intensity increased with UV exposure time up to 15 min, then decreased for the higher UV radiation dose for both Eu doping and Eu,Dy co-doping. The trap depths were calculated to be 0.54 eV for Ba 1.95 MgSi 2 O 7 :0.05Eu 2 + and 0.54 eV and 0.75 eV for Ba 1.93 MgSi 2 O 7 :0.05Eu 2 + ,0.02Dy 3 + phosphors. It was observed that co-doping with small amounts of Dy 3 + enhanced the thermoluminescence properties of Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 phosphor. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [Correction added on 5 April 2016, after first online publication: The

Nb-doped TiO2 cathode catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction of polymer electrolyte fuel cells

KAUST Repository

Arashi, Takuya

2014-09-01

Nb-doped TiO2 particles were studied as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under acidic conditions. The Nb-doped TiN nanoparticles were first synthesized by meso-porous C3N4 and then fully oxidized to Nb-doped TiO2 by immersing in 0.1 M H 2SO4 at 353 K for 24 h. Although the ORR activity of the as-obtained sample was low, a H2 treatment at relatively high temperature (1173 K) dramatically improved the ORR performance. An onset potential as high as 0.82 VRHE was measured. No degradation of the catalysts was observed during the oxidation-reduction cycles under the ORR condition for over 127 h. H2 treatment at temperatures above 1173 K caused the formation of a Ti4O7 phase, resulting in a decrease in ORR current. Elemental analysis indicated that the Nb-doped TiO 2 contained 25 wt% residual carbon. Calcination in air at 673 or 973 K eliminated the residual carbon in the catalyst, which was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in ORR activity. This post-calcination process may reduce the conductivity of the sample by filling the oxygen vacancies, and the carbon residue in the particle aggregates may enhance the electrocatalytic activity for ORR. The feasibility of using conductive oxide materials as electrocatalysts is discussed. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Nb-doped TiO2 cathode catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction of polymer electrolyte fuel cells

KAUST Repository

Arashi, Takuya; Seo, Jeongsuk; Takanabe, Kazuhiro; Kubota, Jun; Domen, Kazunari

2014-01-01

Nb-doped TiO2 particles were studied as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under acidic conditions. The Nb-doped TiN nanoparticles were first synthesized by meso-porous C3N4 and then fully oxidized to Nb-doped TiO2 by immersing in 0.1 M H 2SO4 at 353 K for 24 h. Although the ORR activity of the as-obtained sample was low, a H2 treatment at relatively high temperature (1173 K) dramatically improved the ORR performance. An onset potential as high as 0.82 VRHE was measured. No degradation of the catalysts was observed during the oxidation-reduction cycles under the ORR condition for over 127 h. H2 treatment at temperatures above 1173 K caused the formation of a Ti4O7 phase, resulting in a decrease in ORR current. Elemental analysis indicated that the Nb-doped TiO 2 contained 25 wt% residual carbon. Calcination in air at 673 or 973 K eliminated the residual carbon in the catalyst, which was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in ORR activity. This post-calcination process may reduce the conductivity of the sample by filling the oxygen vacancies, and the carbon residue in the particle aggregates may enhance the electrocatalytic activity for ORR. The feasibility of using conductive oxide materials as electrocatalysts is discussed. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Fabrication and electrical investigations of Pb-doped BaTiO{sub 3} ceramics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sareecha, N., E-mail: nsareecha@hotmail.com [Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Pakistan); Shah, W.A. [Glass and Ceramics Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road, Lahore 54600 (Pakistan); Maqsood, A. [Nano Scale Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Air University, PAF Complex E-9, Islamabad (Pakistan); Anis-ur-Rehman, M. [Applied Thermal Physics Laboratory, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Park Road, Islamabad 44000 (Pakistan); Latif Mirza, M. [Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Pakistan)

2017-06-01

Electrical properties of Pb doped BaTiO{sub 3}; PBT are investigated in the wide range of temperatures (40–700 °C) at 1 kHz frequency. PBT ceramics were fabricated through solid state sintering method. Pre fired BaTiO{sub 3} prepared with Ba/Ti molar ratio of 0.98 was doped with PbCO{sub 3} (<1 mole %). XRD patterns indicated perovskite phase with tetragonal structures (P4mm). Morphological studies (SEM) revealed grain development with increasing lead contents. With lead doping and its variation, Curie temperature (T{sub C}) was shifted from 120 to 200 °C with broad dielectric constant peaks and dielectric anomalies with relaxor behavior were observed. Resistivity decreased with increasing temperature, all specimens showed semiconductor behavior with negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (NTCR) characteristics. Mobility of electrons increased with thermal activation due to hopping of charge carriers from one site to another. Ohmic conductivities and associated activation energies were evaluated by impedance spectroscopy. Conductivity followed the Arrhenius law with E{sub a} = 1.187–1.169 eV which can be attributed to the ionic conduction owning to doubly ionized oxygen vacancies. Well-defined hysteresis P-E loops measured at room temperature depicted ferroelectric properties of the materials. - Graphical abstract: Temperature dependence of dielectric constant (Ɛ′) and resistivity (ρ) for pure and Pb-doped BaTiO{sub 3} ceramics at 1 k Hz frequency. - Highlights: • Pb-doped BaTiO{sub 3}ceramics were fabricated through solid state sintering. • Electrical properties were studied at the temperatures 40–700 °C at 1 kHz. • Specimens showed negative temperature coefficient of resistivity characteristics. • Conductivity followed the Arrhenius law with E{sub a} = 1.187–1.169 eV. • Ionic conduction was supposed to be responsible for conduction process.

Effects of Ba doping on physical properties of La-Ca-Mn-O thin films

CERN Document Server

Hong, N H; Sakai, J; Iwasaki, H

2003-01-01

Transport and magnetic properties of La-Ba-Ca-Mn-O thin films fabricated by the pulsed laser deposition technique had been investigated systematically to see the effects of substitution of the small atom Ca by Ba which is much bigger. The induced insulator-to-metal (IM) transition was obtained not only in compositions near 0.5 and 0.18 which are boundaries between metallic and insulating phases but also in the heavily doped region. In the region of x > 0.5, the Ba doping causes an anomalous response of the system to the magnetic field and a positive magnetoresistance was observed. Besides, our results concerning the vicinity of 0.5 imply the existence of phase separation. As for x < 0.5, the doping enhances remarkably the paramagnetism-ferromagnetism transition and the IM transition temperatures.

Growth and physical properties of highly oriented La-doped (K,Na)NbO3 ferroelectric thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vendrell, X.; Raymond, O.; Ochoa, D.A.; García, J.E.; Mestres, L.

2015-01-01

Lead-free (K,Na)NbO 3 (KNN) and La doped (K,Na)NbO 3 (KNN-La) thin films are grown on SrTiO 3 substrates using the chemical solution deposition method. The effect of adding different amounts of Na and K excess (0–20 mol%) is investigated. The results confirm the necessity of adding 20 mol% excess amounts of Na and K precursor solutions in order to avoid the formation of the secondary phase, K 4 Nb 6 O 17 , as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, when adding a 20 mol% of alkaline metal excess, the thin films are highly textured with out-of-plane preferential orientation in the [100] direction of the [100] orientation of the substrate. Doping with lanthanum results in a decrease of the leakage current density at low electric field, and an increase in the dielectric permittivity across the whole temperature range (80–380 K). Although the (100)-oriented KNN and KNN-La films exhibited rounded hysteresis loops, at low temperatures the films show the typical ferroelectric hysteresis loops. - Highlights: • (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 and [(K 0.5 Na 0.5 ) 0.985 La 0.005 ]NbO 3 thin films have been prepared. • The obtained thin films show an excellent (100) preferred orientation. • Doping with lanthanum results in a decrease of the leakage current density. • The dielectric properties are enhanced when doping with lanthanum

Bottom-up synthesis of up-converting submicron-sized Er3+-doped LiNbO3 particles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jardiel, T.; Caballero, A.C.; Marín-Dobrincic, M.; Cantelar, E.; Cussó, F.

2012-01-01

A new and simple wet chemical synthesis method is proposed to prepare submicron-sized Erbium-doped LiNbO 3 powders. The synthesis procedure comprises the co-precipitation of lithium and erbium ions from common precursors and their subsequent reaction with niobium ethoxide. A systematic characterization by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES), Atomic Absorption (AAS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), as well as by the examination of the luminescence properties, evidence that with this method a congruent Er 3+ -doped LiNbO 3 single phase material can be obtained without using complex and time-consuming processing steps. The synthesized powders exhibit efficient IR to VIS up-conversion emissions under 974 nm pumping. -- Highlights: ► A novel chemical route to the preparation of LiNbO 3 powders has been developed. ► This process avoids complex and time-consuming processing steps. ► A congruent Er 3+ -doped LiNbO 3 single phase material can be obtained by this way. ► The luminescence properties are the expected for this composition.

Thickness and Nb-doping effects on ferro- and piezoelectric properties of highly a-axis-oriented Nb-doped Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3 films

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Zhi-Xiang; Ruangchalermwong, C.; Li, Jing-Feng

2008-09-01

Tetragonal Nb-doped Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3 (PNZT) films with a lead oxide seeding layer were deposited on the Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates by sol-gel processing. The as-grown PNZT films with thicknesses ranging from about 0.08 to 0.78 μm show highly a-axis preferential orientation, and their ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties improved with increasing film thickness. Due to the combined effects of Nb doping and a-axis texturing as well as reduced substrate constraint, a high d33 constant up to 196 pm/V was obtained for PNZT film at 0.78 μm in addition to a large remnant polarization of 69 μC/cm2. This well a-axis-oriented PNZT films on platinized Si with a high piezoresponse are suitable for the fabrication of microelectromechanical devices.

The investigation of the effect of niobium artificial doping with titanium on Nb3Sn superconductors properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nikulin, A.; Shikov, A.; Beliakov, N.; Semin, M.

1997-01-01

The effect on titanium doping of Nb filaments, and thus on the properties of bronze processed multifilamentary Nb 3 Sn wires and wires with internal tin sources with copper volume fraction up to 65 %, has been analysed. Either titanium rods or rods of the Nb-50Ti alloy, inserted in the axial area of each filament, were used as a source of titanium. The influence of doping on the quantity, composition, structure and superconducting properties of intermetallic compound Nb 3 Sn after heat treatments at 570-750 degrees C with duration up to 350 h was investigated by means of electrical measurements, optical metallography and methods of microanalysis and X-ray analysis. It was shown that the non-copper critical current density of the doped wires attained 600 and 270 A/mm 2 in 12.5 and 16 T respectively for bronze processed wires and 800 and 300 A/mm 2 for wires with internal tin source. Upper critical field calculated in accordance with Kramer's extrapolation was equal to 29-32 T

Tunable dielectric properties of Barium Magnesium Niobate (BMN) doped Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) thin films by magnetron sputtering

Science.gov (United States)

Alema, Fikadu; Reinholz, Aaron; Pokhodnya, Konstantin

2013-03-01

We report on the tunable dielectric properties of Mg and Nb co-doped Ba0.45Sr0.55TiO3 (BST) thin film prepared by the magnetron sputtering using BST target (pure and doped with BaMg0.33Nb0.67O3 (BMN)) on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Al2O3 4'' wafers at 700 °C under oxygen atmosphere. The electrical measurements are conducted on 2432 metal-ferroelectric-metal capacitors using Pt as the top and bottom electrode. The crystalline structure, microstructure, and surface morphology of the films are analyzed and correlated to the films dielectric properties. The BMN doped and undoped BST films have shown tunabilities of 48% and 52%; and leakage current densities of 2.2x10-6 A/cm2 and 3.7x10-5 A/cm2, respectively at 0.5 MV/cm bias field. The results indicate that the BMN doped film exhibits a lower leakage current with no significant decrease in tunability. Due to similar electronegativity and ionic radii, it was suggested that both Mg2+ (accepter-type) and Nb5+ (donor-type) dopants substitutTi4+ ion in BST. The improvement in the film dielectric losses and leakage current with insignificant loss of tunability is attributed to the adversary effects of Mg2+ and Nb5+ in BST.

Effects of Ca-dopant on the pyroelectric, piezoelectric and dielectric properties of (Sr 0.6Ba 0.4) 4Na 2Nb 10O 30 ceramics

KAUST Repository

Yao, Yingbang

2012-12-01

Calcium-doped sodium strontium barium niobate (SBNN, (Sr 0.6Ba 0.4) 4-xCa xNa 2Nb 10O 30, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) ceramics were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method. SBNN showed \\'filled\\' tetragonal tungsten-bronze structure with fully occupied A-sites. The tetragonal structure, as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, was not affected by the Ca-dopant. Effects of Ca-doping concentration on the phase transitions as well as ferroelectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of the SBNN ceramics were investigated. From the dielectric studies, two anomalies were observed, namely, a sharp normal ferroelectric transition at 260 °C and a broad maximum at round -110 °C. The later was affected by the Ca-doping concentration and its origin was discussed. At x = 0.3, the sample exhibited the highest pyroelectric coefficient of 168 μC/m 2 K and the largest piezoelectric coefficient (d 33) of 63 pC/N at room temperature. On the basis of our results, the pyroelectric properties of the SBNN were improved by Ca-doping. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of Ca-dopant on the pyroelectric, piezoelectric and dielectric properties of (Sr 0.6Ba 0.4) 4Na 2Nb 10O 30 ceramics

KAUST Repository

Yao, Yingbang; Mak, C. L.

2012-01-01

Calcium-doped sodium strontium barium niobate (SBNN, (Sr 0.6Ba 0.4) 4-xCa xNa 2Nb 10O 30, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) ceramics were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method. SBNN showed 'filled' tetragonal tungsten-bronze structure with fully occupied A-sites. The tetragonal structure, as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, was not affected by the Ca-dopant. Effects of Ca-doping concentration on the phase transitions as well as ferroelectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of the SBNN ceramics were investigated. From the dielectric studies, two anomalies were observed, namely, a sharp normal ferroelectric transition at 260 °C and a broad maximum at round -110 °C. The later was affected by the Ca-doping concentration and its origin was discussed. At x = 0.3, the sample exhibited the highest pyroelectric coefficient of 168 μC/m 2 K and the largest piezoelectric coefficient (d 33) of 63 pC/N at room temperature. On the basis of our results, the pyroelectric properties of the SBNN were improved by Ca-doping. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Rotational Symmetry Breaking in a Trigonal Superconductor Nb-doped Bi_{2}Se_{3}

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomoya Asaba

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The search for unconventional superconductivity has been focused on materials with strong spin-orbit coupling and unique crystal lattices. Doped bismuth selenide (Bi_{2}Se_{3} is a strong candidate, given the topological insulator nature of the parent compound and its triangular lattice. The coupling between the physical properties in the superconducting state and its underlying crystal symmetry is a crucial test for unconventional superconductivity. In this paper, we report direct evidence that the superconducting magnetic response couples strongly to the underlying trigonal crystal symmetry in the recently discovered superconductor with trigonal crystal structure, niobium (Nb-doped Bi_{2}Se_{3}. As a result, the in-plane magnetic torque signal vanishes every 60°. More importantly, the superconducting hysteresis loop amplitude is enhanced along one preferred direction, spontaneously breaking the rotational symmetry. This observation indicates the presence of nematic order in the superconducting ground state of Nb-doped Bi_{2}Se_{3}.

Effects of iron content on the structural evolution, electrical properties and thermochemical stability of BaCo{sub 0.9-x}Fe{sub x}Nb{sub 0.1}O{sub 3-{delta}} ceramic membrane

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Ji; Li, Yuan; Xu, Nansheng [Department of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China); Zhao, Hailei; Li, Fushen [Department of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China); Beijing Key Lab. of New Energy Material and Technology, Beijing 100083 (China); Ding, Weizhong; Lu, Xionggang [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072 (China)

2010-01-15

Cubic perovskite oxygen permeation materials BaCo{sub 0.9-x}Fe{sub x}Nb{sub 0.1}O{sub 3-{delta}} (BCFN, x = 0.1-0.7) are prepared by the conventional solid state reaction process. The crystal structure development, structural stability, electrical conductivity and oxygen permeation flux are investigated. The introduction of iron makes the formation of cubic perovskite structure for BCFN materials much easier. BCFN exhibits a p-type semiconductor and obeys the thermally activated small polarons hopping mechanism. The electrical conductivity of BCFN increases with increasing temperature and decreases with the Fe-doping concentration. The incorporation of Fe decreases slightly the oxygen permeability of BCFN membranes, but enhances significantly the structure stability of the oxygen permeation membrane in reducing atmosphere. A high oxygen permeation flux of 1.7 ml cm{sup -2} min{sup -1} at 900 C through 1 mm densified membrane under air/helium condition is obtained for the composition of BaCo{sub 0.6}Fe{sub 0.3}Nb{sub 0.1}O{sub 3-{delta}}. (author)

Nanocomposite dielectrics in PbO-BaO-Na2O-Nb2O5-SiO2 system with high breakdown strength for high voltage capacitor applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Qingmeng; Luo, Jun; Tang, Qun; Han, Dongfang; Zhou, Yi; Du, Jun

2012-11-01

Nanocomposite dielectrics in 6PbO-4BaO-20Na2O-40Nb2O5-30SiO2 system were prepared via melt-quenching followed by controlled crystallization. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that Pb2Nb2O7, Ba,NaNb5O15, NaNbO3 and PbNb2O6 phases are formed from the as-quenched glass annealed in temperature range from 700 degrees C to 850 degrees C. Ba2NaNb5O15, Pb2Nb2O7 crystallizes at 700 degrees C and then Pb2Nb2O7 disappears at 850 degrees C, while PbNb2O6 and NaNbO3 are formed at 850 degrees C. Microstructural observation shows that the crystallized particles are nanometer-sized and randomly distributed with glass matrix being often found at grain boundaries. The dielectric constant of the nanocomposites formed at different crystallization temperatures shows good frequency and electric field stability. The breakdown strength is slightly decreased when the glass-ceramics thickness is varied from 1 mm to 4 mm. The corresponding energy density could reach 2.96 J/cm3 with a breakdown strength of 58 kV/mm for thickness of 1 mm.

Neutron and X-ray study of stoichiometric and doped LiNbO3:Zn0.08

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sulyanov, S.; Maximov, B.; Volk, T.; Boysen, H.; Schneider, J.; Rubinina, N.; Hansen, Th.

2002-01-01

LiNbO 3 (LN) crystals possess useful optical properties, which are strongly dependent on both the crystal stoichiometry and the content of dopants such as Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , In 3+ , and Sc 3+ . Such elements drastically reduce photorefraction at a sufficiently high threshold concentration, which for Zn is in the range of 7-8 at. % and was supposed to be connected with the change of dopant-atom localisation in the lattice. We report the results of a single-crystal neutron study of stoichiometric, congruent, and doped (with 8.2 at. % Zn) LiNbO 3 at T=78 K and 298 K and also a multi-pattern powder neutron and X-ray Rietveld refinement of the doped material. Zn ions occupy both Li and Nb sites and there is no residual Nb on Li sites. LN single crystals are very perfect, and extinction problems are discussed. (orig.)

Nb and Ta layer doping effects on the interfacial energetics and electronic properties of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure: first-principles analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Nazir, Safdar; Behtash, Maziar; Cheng, Jianli; Luo, Jian; Yang, Kesong

2016-01-28

The two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed at the n-type (LaO)(+1)/(TiO2)(0) interface in the polar/nonpolar LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) heterostructure (HS) has emerged as a prominent research area because of its great potential for nanoelectronic applications. Due to its practical implementation in devices, desired physical properties such as high charge carrier density and mobility are vital. In this respect, 4d and 5d transition metal doping near the interfacial region is expected to tailor electronic properties of the LAO/STO HS system effectively. Herein, we studied Nb and Ta-doping effects on the energetics, electronic structure, interfacial charge carrier density, magnetic moment, and the charge confinements of the 2DEG at the n-type (LaO)(+1)/(TiO2)(0) interface of LAO/STO HS using first-principles density functional theory calculations. We found that the substitutional doping of Nb(Ta) at Ti [Nb(Ta)@Ti] and Al [Nb(Ta)@Al] sites is energetically more favorable than that at La [Nb(Ta)@La] and Sr [Nb(Ta)@Sr] sites, and under appropriate thermodynamic conditions, the changes in the interfacial energy of HS systems upon Nb(Ta)@Ti and Nb(Ta)@Al doping are negative, implying that the formation of these structures is energetically favored. Our calculations also showed that Nb(Ta)@Ti and Nb(Ta)@Al doping significantly improve the interfacial charge carrier density with respect to that of the undoped system, which is because the Nb(Ta) dopant introduces excess free electrons into the system, and these free electrons reside mainly on the Nb(Ta) ions and interfacial Ti ions. Hence, along with the Ti 3d orbitals, the Nb 4d and Ta 5d orbitals also contribute to the interfacial metallic states; accordingly, the magnetic moments on the interfacial Ti ions increase significantly. As expected, the Nb@Al and Ta@Al doped LAO/STO HS systems show higher interfacial charge carrier density than the undoped and other doped systems. In contrast, Nb@Ti and Ta@Ti doped systems may

Correlation of infrared spectra and phase transitions in annealed proton-exchanged MgO doped LiNbO3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun, Jian; Xu, Chang-qing

2015-01-01

Infrared spectra of OH − groups in annealed proton-exchanged (APE) 5 mol. % MgO-doped LiNbO 3 (MgO:LiNbO 3 ) crystals were studied using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique. Samples were prepared by benzoic acid proton-exchange followed with thermal annealing in oxygen. Evolutions of absorption peaks in APE MgO:LiNbO 3 crystals were recorded and analyzed. Comparing with none-doped APE LiNbO 3 crystals, a different phase transition behavior was found during thermal annealing. A periodically poled MgO:LiNbO 3 slab waveguide was prepared using identical procedures, and the second harmonic generation (SHG) signals were measured. Comparing the obtained SHG results with the infrared spectra, relationships between the phase transitions and the recovery of second-order nonlinear coefficients during thermal annealing were investigated. Finally, a method for optimizing the performance of MgO:LiNbO 3 waveguides was proposed

Defect and electrical transport properties of Nb-doped SrTiO₃

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Blennow Tullmar, Peter; Hagen, Anke; Kammer Hansen, Kent

2008-01-01

analyzed with SEM, XRD, TGA, and XANES. The electrical conductivity of Nb-doped strontium titanate (Sr0.94Ti0.9Nb0.1O3 - sintered in 9% H-2/N-2 at 1400 degrees C for 12 h) decreased with increasing temperature and showed a phonon scattering conduction mechanism with (sigma>120 S/cm at 1000 degrees C (in 9...

Improvement of the phase diagram for the pseudobinary PbNb2O6-BaNb2O6 system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Venet, M.; Zabotto, F. L.; Eiras, J. A.; Garcia, D.

2009-01-01

Characteristics of phase transitions of lead barium niobate compositions around the morphotropic phase boundary were investigated. Using structural characterizations, it was found that the morphotropic phase boundary extends toward a wide composition range, in which both tetragonal (4mm) and orthorhombic (m2m) tungsten bronze phases coexist. In addition, on heating, two phase transitions were observed for all the studied compositions. First, the fraction with m2m symmetry phase transforms into the 4mm symmetry one and, second, the 4mm symmetry phase, which represents the whole material, transforms into the paraelectric phase (4/mmm symmetry). The phase transition temperatures were determined from dielectric characterizations. These results helped to improve the phase diagram of the pseudobinary PbNb 2 O 6 -BaNb 2 O 6 system around the morphotropic phase boundary region.

Tailoring the surface chemical bond states of the NbN films by doping Ag: Achieving hard hydrophobic surface

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ren, Ping; Zhang, Kan; Du, Suxuan [Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, and Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, MOE, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 (China); Meng, Qingnan [College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026 (China); He, Xin [Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, and Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, MOE, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 (China); Wang, Shuo [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Wen, Mao, E-mail: wenmao225@jlu.edu.cn [Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, and Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, MOE, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 (China); Zheng, Weitao, E-mail: WTZheng@jlu.edu.cn [Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, and Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, MOE, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 (China)

2017-06-15

Highlights: • Intrinsically hydrophilic NbN films can transfer to hydrophobic Nb-Ag-N films by doping Ag atoms into NbN sublattice. • Solute Ag can promote that the hydrophobic Ag{sub 2}O groups formed on the Nb-Ag-N film surface through self-oxidation. • The present work may provide a straightforward approach for the production of robust hydrophobic ceramic surfaces. - Abstract: Robust hydrophobic surfaces based on ceramics capable of withstanding harsh conditions such as abrasion, erosion and high temperature, are required in a broad range of applications. The metal cations with coordinative saturation or low electronegativity are commonly chosen to achieve the intrinsically hydrophobic ceramic by reducing Lewis acidity, and thus the ceramic systems are limited. In this work, we present a different picture that robust hydrophobic surface with high hardness (≥20 GPa) can be fabricated through doping Ag atoms into intrinsically hydrophilic ceramic film NbN by reactive co-sputtering. The transition of wettability from hydrophilic to hydrophobic of Nb-Ag-N films induced by Ag doping results from the appearance of Ag{sub 2}O groups on the films surfaces through self-oxidation, because Ag cations (Ag{sup +}) in Ag{sub 2}O are the filled-shell (4d{sup 10}5S{sup 0}) electronic structure with coordinative saturation that have no tendency to interact with water. The results show that surface Ag{sub 2}O benefited for hydrophobicity comes from the solute Ag atoms rather than precipitate metal Ag, in which the more Ag atoms incorporated into Nb-sublattice are able to further improve the hydrophobicity, whereas the precipitation of Ag nanoclusters would worsen it. The present work opens a window for fabricating robust hydrophobic surface through tailoring surface chemical bond states by doping Ag into transition metal nitrides.

Performance-Microstructure Relations in Ni/CGO Infiltrated Nb-doped SrTiO3 SOFC Anodes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ramos, Tania; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Reddy Sudireddy, Bhaskar

2012-01-01

Nb-doped SrTiO3 solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes, infiltrated with CGO/Ni, were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and high resolution microscopy techniques, upon varying production and testing parameters. The electrochemical analysis involved a combination of distrib......Nb-doped SrTiO3 solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes, infiltrated with CGO/Ni, were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and high resolution microscopy techniques, upon varying production and testing parameters. The electrochemical analysis involved a combination...... of distribution of relaxation times (DRT) and complex non-linear least squares (CNLS) fitting routine. These electrodes were studied as singlephase or as composites with 8YSZ. Sr0.94Ti0.9Nb0.1O3-δ/ 10 vol.% 8YSZ composite infiltrated electrodes were the best overall performers, with enhanced performance stability...

B-site cation order/disorder and their valence states in Ba3MnNb2O9 perovskite oxide

Science.gov (United States)

Xin, Yan; Huang, Qing; Shafieizadeh, Zahra; Zhou, Haidong

2018-06-01

Polycrystalline samples Ba3MnNb2O9 synthesized by solid state reaction and single crystal samples grown by optical floating zone have been characterized using scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Three types of B-site Mn and Nb ordering phase are observed: fully ordered 1Mn:2Nb; fully disordered; nano-sized 1Mn:1Nb ordered. No electronic structure change for crystals with different ordering/disordering. The Mn valence is determined to be 2+, and Nb valence is 5+. Oxygen 2p orbitals hybridize with Mn 3d and Nb 4d orbitals. Factors that affect the electron energy loss near edge structures of transition metal white-lines in electron energy loss spectroscopy are explicitly illustrated and discussed.

Photoluminescence of rare-earth ion (Eu3+, Tm3+, and Er3+)-doped and co-doped ZnNb2O6 for solar cells

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Sen-Pei; Qian, Yan-Nan; Wang, Biao

2015-08-01

Visible converted emissions produced at an excitation of 286 nm in ZnNb2O6 ceramics doped with rare-earth ions (RE = Eu3+, Tm3+, Er3+ or a combination of these ions) were investigated with the aim of increasing the photovoltaic efficiency of solar cells. The structure of RE:ZnNb2O6 ceramics was confirmed by x-ray diffraction patterns. The undoped ZnNb2O6 could emit a blue emission under 286-nm excitation, which is attributed to the self-trapped excitons’ recombination of the efficient luminescence centers of edge-shared NbO6 groups. Upon 286-nm excitation, Eu:ZnNb2O6, Tm:ZnNb2O6, and Er:ZnNb2O6 ceramics showed blue, green, and red emissions, which correspond to the transitions of 5D0 → 7FJ (J = 1-4) (Eu3+), 1G4 → 3H6 (Tm3+), and 2H11/2/4S3/2 → 4I15/2 (Er3+), respectively. The calculated CIE chromaticity coordinates of Eu:ZnNb2O6, Tm:ZnNb2O6, and Er:ZnNb2O6 are (0.50, 0.31), (0.14, 0.19), and (0.29, 0.56), respectively. RE ion-co-doped ZnNb2O6 showed a combination of characteristic emissions. The chromaticity coordinates of Eu/Tm:ZnNb2O6, Eu/Er:ZnNb2O6, and Tm/Er:ZnNb2O6 were calculated to be (0.29, 0.24), (0.45, 0.37), and (0.17, 0.25). Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10572155 and 10732100) and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. 20130171130003).

Anomalous enhancement of the thermoelectric figure of merit by V co-doping of Nb-SrTiO3

KAUST Repository

Ozdogan, K.

2012-05-10

The effect of V co-doping of Nb-SrTiO3 is studied by full-potential density functional theory. We obtain a stronger increase of the carrier density for V than for Nbdopants. While in Nb-SrTiO3 a high carrier density counteracts a high thermoelectric figure of merit, the trend is inverted by V co-doping. The mechanism leading to this behavior is explained in terms of a local spin-polarization introduced by the V ions. Our results indicate that magnetic co-doping can be a prominent tool for improving the thermoelectric figure of merit.

Anomalous enhancement of the thermoelectric figure of merit by V co-doping of Nb-SrTiO3

KAUST Repository

Ozdogan, K.; Alshareef, Husam N.; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo; Upadhyay Kahaly, M.

2012-01-01

The effect of V co-doping of Nb-SrTiO3 is studied by full-potential density functional theory. We obtain a stronger increase of the carrier density for V than for Nbdopants. While in Nb-SrTiO3 a high carrier density counteracts a high thermoelectric figure of merit, the trend is inverted by V co-doping. The mechanism leading to this behavior is explained in terms of a local spin-polarization introduced by the V ions. Our results indicate that magnetic co-doping can be a prominent tool for improving the thermoelectric figure of merit.

Anomalous magneto-elastic and charge doping effects in thallium-doped BaFe2As2

Science.gov (United States)

Sefat, Athena S.; Li, Li; Cao, Huibo B.; McGuire, Michael A.; Sales, Brian; Custelcean, Radu; Parker, David S.

2016-01-01

Within the BaFe2As2 crystal lattice, we partially substitute thallium for barium and report the effects of interlayer coupling in Ba1-xTlxFe2As2 crystals. We demonstrate the unusual effects of magneto-elastic coupling and charge doping in this iron-arsenide material, whereby Néel temperature rises with small x, and then falls with additional x. Specifically, we find that Néel and structural transitions in BaFe2As2 (TN = Ts = 133 K) increase for x = 0.05 (TN = 138 K, Ts = 140 K) from magnetization, heat capacity, resistivity, and neutron diffraction measurements. Evidence from single crystal X-ray diffraction and first principles calculations attributes the stronger magnetism in x = 0.05 to magneto-elastic coupling related to the shorter intraplanar Fe-Fe bond distance. With further thallium substitution, the transition temperatures decrease for x = 0.09 (TN = Ts = 131 K), and this is due to charge doping. We illustrate that small changes related to 3d transition-metal state can have profound effects on magnetism. PMID:26867821

Surface energy effects on the stability of anatase and rutile nanocrystals: A predictive diagram for Nb_2O_5-doped-TiO_2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva, Andre Luiz da; Hotza, Dachamir; Castro, Ricardo H.R.

2017-01-01

Highlights: • Anatase-rutile phase transition diagram was built for nano Nb_2O_5-doped-TiO_2. • Nb_2O_5-doping postpones the anatase-to-rutile transition. • The stability crossover for TiO_2 was 17.3 nm, for 2 mol% Nb_2O_5-doped-TiO_2 ∼30 nm. • The surface energy for Nb_2O_5-doped-TiO_2 decreases systematically with Nb concentration. - Abstract: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are widely used for photocatalysis, and the relative fraction of titanium dioxide polymorph, i.e. anatase, rutile, or brookite, significantly affects the final performance. Even though conventional phase diagrams indicate a higher stability for the rutile polymorph, it is well established that nanosizes benefit the anatase phase due to its smaller surface energy. However, doping elements are expected to change this behavior, once changes in both surface and bulk energies may occur. Nb_2O_5 is commonly added to TiO_2 to allow property control. However, the effect of niobium on the relative stability of anatase and rutile phases is not well understood from the thermodynamic point of view. The objective of this work was to build a new predictive nanoscale phase diagram for Nb_2O_5-doped TiO_2. Water adsorption microcalorimetry and high temperature oxide melt solution were used to obtain the surface and bulk enthalpies. The phase diagram obtained shows the stable titania polymorph as a function of the composition and size.

Doping dependence of magnetic and transport properties in single crystalline Co-doped BaFe2As2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakajima, Yasuyuki; Taen, Toshihiro; Tamegai, Tsuyoshi

2010-01-01

We report the doping dependence of transport and magnetic properties in Co-doped BaFe 2 As 2 . With increasing Co concentration x, structural and magnetic transitions are suppressed and superconductivity emerges in the range of 0.3 c at low temperatures and low fields obtained from bulk magnetization is reasonably large and the doping dependence shows a maximum at x∼0.07 similar to T c . The values of J c at low temperatures reach about 1x10 6 A/cm 2 around the optimally doped region, which is potentially attractive for technological applications.

Mechanism of luminescent emission in BaY2F8 scintillators doped with rare earths

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, Ana Carolina de Mello

2013-01-01

In this work samples of Barium Yttrium Fluoride (BaY 2 F 8 -BaYF) doped with different concentrations of Tb 3+ , Er 3+ , Tm 3+ e Nd 3+ ions were characterized, aiming their application in radiation detection devices using their scintillating properties. Two types of samples were produced, polycrystalline samples, obtained via solid state reaction and single crystals, obtained via the floating zone melting method. The radioluminescence measurements (RL) revealed that the samples doped with 2.0 or 3.0 % Tb showed RL intensity at 545 nm two times higher than samples of CsI:Tl, although the total scintillation yield was smaller when compared to this commercial scintillator. Thermoluminescence (TL) results showed that all doped samples exhibited the same peak at 123°C, which is characteristic of the matrix (BaY 2 F 2 ). Comparison of the areas under the TL and RL curves for Tb 3+ and Nd 3+ doped BaYF revealed that the trapping centers are competing with the scintillation of the samples. However, this was not true for the Er 3+ and Tm 3+ doped samples and it was found that the scintillation yield is independent of the trap concentration up to a certain concentration limit. From this point on, the scintillation yields started increasing as the trap concentration increased. The radiation damage defects in BaYF:Tb 3+ were studied via optical absorption (OA) and correlated with TL, showing that trapping centers are connected to the color centers. All samples exhibited different luminescence decay processes with time constants ranging from microseconds, for the fast processes, milliseconds, for the intermediate ones, and phosphorescent processes with decay time on the order of seconds. For the Nd 3+ doped samples, very fast decay process was also found with time constants of about 60ns and that is an indication that this material can be used in fast detection systems, although its scintillation efficiency was weak. The combined results obtained with these techniques together

Effects of ultrasonication and conventional mechanical homogenization processes on the structures and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 ceramics.

Science.gov (United States)

Akbas, Hatice Zehra; Aydin, Zeki; Yilmaz, Onur; Turgut, Selvin

2017-01-01

The effects of the homogenization process on the structures and dielectric properties of pure and Nb-doped BaTiO 3 ceramics have been investigated using an ultrasonic homogenization and conventional mechanical methods. The reagents were homogenized using an ultrasonic processor with high-intensity ultrasonic waves and using a compact mixer-shaker. The components and crystal types of the powders were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The complex permittivity (ε ' , ε″) and AC conductivity (σ') of the samples were analyzed in a wide frequency range of 20Hz to 2MHz at room temperature. The structures and dielectric properties of pure and Nb-doped BaTiO 3 ceramics strongly depend on the homogenization process in a solid-state reaction method. Using an ultrasonic processor with high-intensity ultrasonic waves based on acoustic cavitation phenomena can make a significant improvement in producing high-purity BaTiO 3 ceramics without carbonate impurities with a small dielectric loss. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of MnO{sub 2} doping on structure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of 0.825NaNbO{sub 3}-0.175Ba{sub 0.6}(Bi{sub 0.5}K{sub 0.5}){sub 0.4}TiO{sub 3} lead-free ceramics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fan, Ximing; Lin, Dunmin; Zheng, Qiaoji; Sun, Hailing; Wan, Yang; Wu, Xiaochun [College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Visual Computing and Virtual Reality Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066 (China); Wu, Lang [State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010 (China)

2012-12-15

Lead-free ceramics 0.825NaNbO{sub 3}-0.175Ba{sub 0.6}(Bi{sub 0.5}K{sub 0.5}){sub 0.4}TiO{sub 3} + xmol% MnO{sub 2} were prepared by an ordinary sintering technique and the effects of MnO{sub 2} doping on the structure, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics were studied. The ceramics with perovskite structure are transformed from tetragonal to pseudocubic phases by increasing the doping level of MnO{sub 2}. After the addition of MnO{sub 2}, the Curie temperature T{sub C} of the ceramics decreases and the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition at T{sub C} becomes more diffusive. Because of the donor and acceptor doping effects of Mn ions simultaneously, the piezoelectric constant d{sub 33}, electromechanical coupling coefficient k{sub p}, relative permittivity {epsilon}{sub r}, and mechanical quality factor Q{sub m} are enhanced considerably after the addition of 1 mol% MnO{sub 2}. The ceramic with 1 mol% MnO{sub 2} doping possesses the optimum piezoelectricity (d{sub 33} = 131 pC/N and k{sub p} = 21.8%) and relatively high Q{sub m} = 627. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Gamma Radiation Damage Evaluation Studies on Ferroelectric La and Nb doped PZT Related Ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cruz, Carlos M.; Pinnera, Ibrahin; Rodriguez, Arturo; Durruti, Ma. Dolores; Hernandez, Moises; Yannez-Limon, J. M.

2015-01-01

It is reported the research results of the gamma radiation damage evaluation on La (crystalline sites A) and / or Nb (crystalline sites B) doped ferroelectric PZT ceramics, which were irradiated with 60 Co gamma rays by applying two irradiation regimes: up to 125 lGy (irradiation steps of 25 kGy) and up to 700 kGy (irradiation steps of 100 kGy) exposition doses. The X Ray Diffraction pattern profiles of the irradiated sample were analyzed and the induced crystalline structure changes are reported and correlated with the observed irradiation induced changes on their ferroelectric properties on regard of the irradiation doses. Through the application of the MCCM atom displacements calculations algorithm and code, total dpa profiles were calculated for the studied samples, as well as, the dpa contributions of the different atomics species, where the atom displacements threshold energies were extrapolated from the values calculated by Molecular Dynamic methods for BaTiO 3 system. An evaluation of the reported dpa calculated values on regard of the observed crystal structure and radiation response of the ferroelectric properties is presented. (Author)

Universal doping evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy in single crystals of electron-doped Ba(Fe1‑x Rh x )2As2 from London penetration depth measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Hyunsoo; Tanatar, M. A.; Martin, C.; Blomberg, E. C.; Ni, Ni; Bud’ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; Prozorov, R.

2018-06-01

Doping evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy was studied in single crystals of 4d-electron doped Ba(Fe1‑x Rh x )2As2 using tunnel diode resonator measurements of the temperature variation of the London penetration depth . Single crystals with doping levels representative of an underdoped regime x  =  0.039 ( K), close to optimal doping x  =  0.057 ( K) and overdoped x  =  0.079 ( K) and x  =  0.131( K) were studied. Superconducting energy gap anisotropy was characterized by the exponent, n, by fitting the data to the power-law, . The exponent n varies non-monotonically with x, increasing to a maximum n  =  2.5 for x  =  0.079 and rapidly decreasing towards overdoped compositions to 1.6 for x  =  0.131. This behavior is qualitatively similar to the doping evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy in other iron pnictides, including hole-doped (Ba,K)Fe2As2 and 3d-electron-doped Ba(Fe,Co)2As2 superconductors, finding a full gap near optimal doping and strong anisotropy toward the ends of the superconducting dome in the T-x phase diagram. The normalized superfluid density in an optimally Rh-doped sample is almost identical to the temperature-dependence in the optimally doped Ba(Fe,Co)2As2 samples. Our study supports the universal superconducting gap variation with doping and pairing at least in iron based superconductors of the BaFe2As2 family.

DFT insights into the electronic and optical properties of fluorine-doped monoclinic niobium pentoxide (B-Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}:F)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

El-Shazly, Tamer S.; Rehim, Sayed S.A. [Ain-Shams University, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo (Egypt); Hassan, Walid M.I. [Cairo University, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Giza (Egypt); Allam, Nageh K. [American University in Cairo, Energy Materials Lab (EML), School of Sciences and Engineering, New Cairo (Egypt)

2016-09-15

We report on the effect of fluorine doping on the electronic structure and optical properties of monoclinic niobium pentoxide (B-Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}) as revealed by the first principles calculations. Density functional theory (DFT) along with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) at the revised Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBEsol) exchange-correlation functional was used in this study. The band calculations revealed that the studied materials are indirect bandgap semiconductors, with bandgap energies of 2.67 and 2.28 eV for the undoped and F-doped B-Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}, respectively. Upon doping B-Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}, the Fermi level shifts towards the conduction band, allowing optical absorption in the visible region with enhanced transmittance in the wavelength range 400-1000 nm. The calculated static refractive index of the undoped B-Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} is in good agreement with the reported experimental value, which is enhanced upon F-incorporation resulting in cladding properties for the F-doped B-Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}. Also, the effective mass of free charge carriers increased upon F-doping. The enhanced properties were attributed to the effect of the excessive valent electron of the incorporated F atom. (orig.)

Deposition barium titanate (BaTiO3) doped lanthanum with chemical solution deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iriani, Y.; Nurhadi, N.; Jamaludin, A.

2016-01-01

Deposition of Barium Titanate (BaTiO 3 ) thin films used Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) method and prepared with spin coater. BaTiO 3 is doped with lanthanum, 1%, 2%, and 3%. The thermal process use annealing temperature 900°C and holding time for 3 hours. The result of characterization with x-ray diffraction (XRD) equipment show that the addition of La 3+ doped on Barium Titanate caused the change of angle diffraction.The result of refine with GSAS software shows that lanthanum have been included in the structure of BaTiO 3 . Increasing mol dopant La 3+ cause lattice parameter and crystal volume become smaller. Characterization result using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipment show that grain size (grain size) become smaller with increasing mole dopant (x) La 3+ . The result of characterization using Sawyer Tower methods show that all the samples (Barium Titanante and Barium Titanate doped lanthanum) are ferroelectric material. Increasing of mole dopant La 3+ cause smaller coercive field and remanent polarization increases. (paper)

Microstructure evolution and electrical characterization of Lanthanum doped Barium Titanate (BaTiO_3) ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Billah, Masum; Ahmed, A.; Rahman, Md. Miftaur; Mahbub, Rubbayat; Gafur, M. A.; Bashar, M. Shahriar

2016-01-01

In the current work, we investigated the structural and dielectric properties of Lanthanum oxide (La_2O_3) doped Barium Titanate (BaTiO_3) ceramics and established a correlation between them. Solid state sintering method was used to dope BaTiO_3 with 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 mole% La_2O_3 under different sintering parameters. The raw materials used were La_2O_3 nano powder of ~80 nm grain size and 99.995% purity and BaTiO_3 nano powder of 100 nm grain size and 99.99% purity. Grain size distribution and morphology of fracture surface of sintered pellets were examined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction analysis was conducted to confirm the formation of desired crystal structure. The research result reveal that grain size and electrical properties of BaTiO_3 ceramic significantly enhanced for small amount of doping (up to 0.5 mole% La_2O_3) and then decreased with increasing doping concentration. Desired grain growth (0.80-1.3 µm) and high densification (<90% theoretical density) were found by proper combination of temperature, sintering parameters and doping concentration. We found the resultant stable value of dielectric constant was 10000-12000 at 100-300 Hz in the temperature range of 30°-50° C for 0.5 mole% La_2O_3 with corresponding shift of curie temperature around 30° C. So overall this research showed that proper La"3"+ concentration can control the grain size, increase density, lower curie temperature and hence significantly improve the electrical properties of BaTiO_3 ceramics.

Direct Observation of Surface Potential Distribution in Insulation Resistance Degraded Acceptor-Doped BaTiO3 Multilayered Ceramic Capacitors

Science.gov (United States)

Hong, Kootak; Lee, Tae Hyung; Suh, Jun Min; Park, Jae-Sung; Kwon, Hyung-Soon; Choi, Jaeho; Jang, Ho Won

2018-05-01

Insulation resistance (IR) degradation in BaTiO3 is a key issue for developing miniaturized multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) with high capacity. Despite rapid progress in BaTiO3-based MLCCs, the mechanism of IR degradation is still controversial. In this study, we demonstrate the Al doping effect on IR degradation behavior of BaTiO3 MLCCs by electrical measurements and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM). As the Al doping concentration in BaTiO3 increases, IR degradation of MLCCs seems to be suppressed from electrical characterization results. However, SKPM results reveal that the conductive regions near the cathode become lager with Al doping after IR degradation. The formation of conducting regions is attributed to the migration of oxygen vacancies, which is the origin of IR degradation in BaTiO3, in dielectric layers. These results imply that acceptor doping in BaTiO3 solely cannot suppress the IR degradation in MLCC even though less asymmetric IR characteristics and IR degradation in MLCCs with higher Al doping concentration are observed from electrical characterization. Our results strongly suggest that observing the surface potential distribution in IR degraded dielectric layers using SKPM is an effective method to unravel the mechanism of IR degradation in MLCCs.

Enhanced 77 K vortex-pinning in Y Ba2Cu3O7−x films with Ba2Y TaO6 and mixed Ba2Y TaO6 + Ba2Y NbO6 nano-columnar inclusions with irreversibility field to 11 T

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F. Rizzo

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Pulsed laser deposited thin Y Ba2Cu3O7−x (YBCO films with pinning additions of 5 at. % Ba2Y TaO6 (BYTO were compared to films with 2.5 at. % Ba2Y TaO6 + 2.5 at. % Ba2Y NbO6 (BYNTO additions. Excellent magnetic flux-pinning at 77 K was obtained with remarkably high irreversibility fields greater than 10 T (YBCO-BYTO and 11 T (YBCO-BYNTO, representing the highest ever achieved values in YBCO films.

Effect of Nb on barium titanate prepared from citrate solutions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stojanović Biljana D.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available The influence of the addition of dopants on the microstructure development and electrical properties of BaTiO3 doped with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mol% of Nb and 0.01 mol% of Mn based compounds was studied. Doped barium titanate was prepared using the polymeric precursor method from citrate solutions. The powders calcined at 700°C for 4 hours were analysed by infrared (IR spectroscopy to verify the presence of carbonates, and by X-ray diffraction (XRD for phase formation. The phase composition, microstructure and dielectric properties show a strong dependence on the amount of added niobium.

Structural phase transitions of BaNbxTi1-xO3(0.0≤x≤0.5) thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo Haizhong; Liu Lifeng; Ding Shuo; Lu Huibin; Zhou Yueliang; Cheng Bolin; Chen Zhenghao

2004-01-01

The phase transition behavior of BaNb x Ti 1-x O 3 (BNTO) (0.0≤x≤0.50) thin films grown on MgO substrates by laser molecular beam epitaxy was systematically investigated by using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The asymmetric rocking XRD scan measurements show that with an increase of Nb-doped content, the lattice parameters c and a increase while c/a ratio decreases, indicating a decrease of tetragonality of the BNTO films. The intensity of Raman signal decreases and the width of the bands broaden with increase of Nb-doped content. The results of XRD and Raman spectra indicate that at room temperature BNTO thin films with Nb≤10 at. % have tetragonal structure, however, for Nb≥20 at. %, BNTO thin films exhibit typical disordering cubic structure

Major enhancement of the thermoelectric performance in Pr/Nb-doped SrTiO3 under strain

KAUST Repository

Amin, B.

2013-07-16

The electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of strained (biaxially and uniaxially) Sr0.95Pr0.05TiO3 and SrTi0.95Nb0.05O3 are investigated in the temperature range from 300 K to 1200 K. Substitutions of Pr at the Sr site and Nb at the Ti site generate n-type doping and thus improve the thermoelectric performance as compared to pristine SrTiO3. Further enhancement is achieved by the application of strain, for example, of the Seebeck coefficient by 21% for Sr0.95Pr0.05TiO3 and 10% for SrTi0.95Nb0.05O3 at room temperature in the case of 5% biaxial strain. At 1200 K, we predict figures of merit of 0.58 and 0.55 for 2.5% biaxially strained Sr0.95Pr0.05TiO3 and SrTi0.95Nb0.05O3 , respectively, which are the highest values reported for rare earth doped SrTiO3.

High-temperature thermoelectric properties of La-doped BaSnO3 ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yasukawa, Masahiro; Kono, Toshio; Ueda, Kazushige; Yanagi, Hiroshi; Hosono, Hideo

2010-01-01

To elucidate the thermoelectric properties at high temperatures, perovskite-type La-doped BaSnO 3 ceramics were fabricated by a polymerized complex (PC) method and subsequent spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. Fine powders of Ba 1-x La x SnO 3 (x = 0.00-0.07) were prepared by the PC method using citrate complexes, and SPS treatment converted the powders into dense ceramics with relative densities of 93-97%. The La content dependence of the lattice parameter suggested that the solubility of La for Ba sites was approximately x = 0.03. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity σ and Seebeck coefficient S showed that each La-doped ceramic was an n-type degenerate semiconductor in the measured temperature range of 373-1073 K. The La content dependence of the S values indicated that the electron carrier concentration increased successively up to x = 0.03, which was the solubility limit of the La atoms. The thermoelectric power factors S 2 σ increased drastically with La doping, and reached a maximum for x = 0.01 with values of 0.8 x 10 -4 W m -1 K -2 at 373 K to 2.8 x 10 -4 W m -1 K -2 at 1073 K.

Theoretical studies of superconductivity in doped BaCoSO

Science.gov (United States)

Qin, Shengshan; Li, Yinxiang; Zhang, Qiang; Le, Congcong; Hu, Jiangping

2018-06-01

We investigate superconductivity that may exist in the doped BaCoSO, a multi-orbital Mott insulator with a strong antiferromagnetic ground state. The superconductivity is studied in both t-J type and Hubbard type multi-orbital models by mean field approach and random phase approximation (RPA) analysis. Even if there is no C 4 rotational symmetry, it is found that the system still carries a d-wave like pairing symmetry state with gapless nodes and sign changed superconducting order parameters on Fermi surfaces. The results are largely doping insensitive. In this superconducting state, the three {t_{{2_g}}} orbitals have very different superconducting form factors in momentum space. In particular, the intra-orbital pairing of the {d_{{x^2} - {y^2}}} orbital has an s-wave like pairing form factor. The two methods also predict very different pairing strength on different parts of Fermi surfaces. These results suggest that BaCoSO and related materials can be a new ground to test and establish fundamental principles for unconventional high temperature superconductivity.

PLD prepared bioactive BaTiO.sub.3./sub. films on TiNb implants

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jelínek, Miroslav; Vaněk, Přemysl; Tolde, Z.; Buixaderas, Elena; Kocourek, Tomáš; Studnička, Václav; Drahokoupil, Jan; Petzelt, Jan; Remsa, Jan; Tyunina, Marina

2017-01-01

Roč. 70, Jan (2017), s. 334-339 ISSN 0928-4931 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA15-05864S; GA ČR(CZ) GA15-01558S Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : BaTiO 3 * thin films * pld * implants * TiNb * ferroelectricity Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism OBOR OECD: Condensed matter physics (including formerly solid state physics, supercond.)

Nitrogen induced ferromagnetism in Cobalt doped BaTiO3

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Chandrima Mitra

2012-09-01

Full Text Available The electronic structure and magnetism of Cobalt doped BaTiO3 (BaTi1−xCoxO3 is investigated. Substitutional Nitrogen on an Oxygen site is found to play an important role in inducing net magnetic moments in the system. The presence of a Nitrogen atom as nearest neighbour to a Cobalt atom is crucial in producing spin splitting of both the Nitrogen and Cobalt states thereby introducing a net local magnetic moment. The introduction of Nitrogen is further found to enhance ferromagnetic interactions between Cobalt atoms.

Effect of iron doping on Y-Ba-Cu-O

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abd Halim Shaari; Mansor Hashim; Sidek Hj Abd Aziz; Laily Rafiah Abdullah

1991-01-01

Study on the effect of iron doping at different values of doping percentage (0.00< x<0.06) and hence the influence of magnetic iron on Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor has been carried out. The conventional technique of sintering is used in preparing the ceramic materials. The crystal structure and their lattice parameters are determined from X-ray diffraction measurements. Observation on the dependence of resistance on temperature is made between room temperature to the boiling point of liquid nitrogen, using four-probe techniques. Magnetisation properties namely the Meissner Effect is also observed by levitating a small piece of permanent magnet on the cooled sample. The X-ray diffraction data show that the phase transitions have been observed; from orthorhombic to tetragonal when the iron doping exceeded ∼0.02. Transition temperature, Tc decrease from ∼87.7K to ∼83K. Meissner Effect is observed for sample doped up to 2% only

Impedance and ac conductivity studies of Ba (Pr1/2Nb1/2) O3 ceramic

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Bulletin of Materials Science; Volume 36; Issue 4. Impedance and a.c. conductivity studies of ... Abstract. Impedance and electrical conduction studies of Ba(Pr1/2Nb1/2)O3 ceramic prepared through conventional ceramic fabrication technique are presented. The crystal symmetry, space group and unit cell ...

High dielectric constant observed in (1 − x)Ba(Zr0.07Ti0.93)O3–xBa(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 binary solid-solution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kruea-In, Chatchai; Eitssayeam, Sukum; Pengpat, Kamonpan; Rujijanagul, Gobwute

2012-01-01

Binary solid-solutions of the (1 − x)Ba(Zr 0.07 Ti 0.93 )O 3 –xBa(Fe 0.5 Nb 0.5 O 3 ) system, with 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.9,were fabricated via a solid-state processing technique. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all samples exhibited a single perovskite phase. The BaFe 0.5 Nb 0.5 O 3 also promoted densification and grain growth of the system. Dielectric measurements showed that all samples displayed a relaxor like behavior. The x = 0.1 sample presented a dielectric-frequency and temperature with low loss tangent ( 0.2 samples, the dielectric data showed a broad dielectric constant–temperature curve with a giant dielectric characteristic. In addition, a high dielectric constant > 50,000 (at 10 kHz and temperature > 150 °C) was observed for the x = 0.9 sample.

Hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. 13. Rhombohedral 12 L-stacking polytypes Ba/sub 4/M/sub 2/sup(V)WvacantO/sub 12/ with Msup(V) = Nb, Ta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.)

1979-10-01

The white quaternary oxides Ba/sub 4/Nb/sub 2/WvacantO/sub 12/ and Ba/sub 4/Ta/sub 2/WvacantO/sub 12/ belong to the group of hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. They crystallize in the rhombohedral 12 L-type: Sequence (3)(1) = (hhcc)/sub 3/; space group R/sup -/3m (Ba/sub 4/Nb/sub 2/WvacantO/sub 12/: a = 5.77/sub 6/ A; c = 28.0/sub 55/ A; Ba/sub 4/Ta/sub 2/WvacantO/sub 12/: a = 5.77/sub 3/ A; c = 28.0/sub 75/ A; Z = 3).

Dielectric properties of Li doped Li-Nb-O thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perentzis, G.; Horopanitis, E.E.; Papadimitriou, L. [Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Physics, 54124 Thessaloniki (Greece); Durman, V.; Saly, V.; Packa, J. [Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava (Slovakia)

2007-03-15

Lithium niobate LiNbO{sub 3} was prepared as a thin film layered structure deposited on stainless steel substrate using e-gun evaporation. The Li doping was provided for by the formation of Li-Nb-O/Li/LiNb-O sandwich structure and annealing at about 250 C. AC impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed on the samples at temperatures from the interval between 28 and 165 C and in a frequency range of 10{sup -3} to 10{sup 6} Hz. Using the values Z' and Z'' at different frequencies, the dielectric parameters - parts of the complex permittivity {epsilon}' and {epsilon}'' and loss tangent tan {delta} were calculated. The results prove validity of the proposed equivalent circuit containing parallel RC elements connected in series where the first RC element represents the bulk of material and the second RC element belongs to the double layer at the metal interface. (copyright 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Bond-versus-site doping models for off-chain-doped Haldane-gap system Y2BaNiO5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lou Jizhong; Qin Shaojin; Su Zhaobin; Yu Lu

1998-09-01

Using the density matrix renormalization-group technique, we calculate the impurity energy levels for two different effective models of off-chain doping for quasi-one-dimensional Heisenberg chain compound Y 2 BaNiO 5 : ferromagnetic bond doping and antiferromagnetic site spin-1/2 doping. Thresholds of the impurity strength for the appearance of localized states are found for both models. However, the ground-state and low-energy excitations for weak impurity strength are different for these two models and the difference can be detected by experiments. (author)

The effect of Nd and Mg doping on the micro-Raman spectra of LiNbO3 single-crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quispe-Siccha, R; Villagran-Muniz, M; MejIa-Uriarte, E V; Jaque, D; GarcIa Sole, J; Jaque, F; Sato-Berru, R Y; Camarillo, E; Hernandez A, J; Murrieta S, H

2009-01-01

The LiNbO 3 congruent crystals doped with small Nd concentrations, 1 (TO 1 ) and A 1 (TO 2 ) modes, the half-width composition and the area ratio of the A 1 (TO 4 ) and E(TO 8 ) bands, we reached several conclusions about the incorporation mechanism of the Nd and Mg ions into the LiNbO 3 lattice. Likewise the Raman shift and half-width of the E(TO 1 ) and E(TO 7 ) modes were investigated in the Z direction. Results indicate that Mg and Nd ions are located in the Li site for low doping concentrations and for larger concentrations there is a replacement in both Li and Nb ion sites.

Structural study of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 and La0.030Sr0.255Ba0.700Nb2O6 ceramic systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luna-Lopez, J.A.; Portelles, J.; Raymond, O.; Siqueiros, J.M.

2009-01-01

Sr 0.3 Ba 0.7 Nb 2 O 6 (SBN) and La 0.030 Sr 0.255 Ba 0.700 Nb 2 O 6 (LSBN) ceramic compounds have been prepared using the traditional ceramic method at two different calcination temperatures (900 and 1000 deg. C) and later sintered both at 1400 deg. C. A study of the effects of the calcination temperatures and La substitution on the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of SBN and LSBN is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. From Rietveld refinement processes, the XRD patterns were interpreted to evaluate such effects in the structural parameters and the site occupation factors of the heavy metals and oxygen atoms. The effect of the incorporation of La resulted in a 0.25% cell contraction and turned out to be higher than the 0.08% dilation effect produced by the increase of calcination temperature. The La ion with similar effective ionic radius and higher electronegativity is incorporated into the structure occupying the A 1 site just like the Sr ions in the SBN compound. Differences in the site occupation factors between the SBN and LSBN samples lead to substantial changes in the physical properties such as temperature of relative dielectric constant maximum, relative dielectric constant, and dielectric loss, correlated with the distortion and the relative orientation of the oxygen octahedra.

Spectral evolution of Eu{sup 3+} doped Y{sub 3}NbO{sub 7} niobate induced by temperature

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, K-Y.; Durand, A. [CNRS, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac (France); Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac (France); Heintz, J-M.; Veillere, A. [CNRS, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac (France); Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac (France); Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac (France); Jubera, V., E-mail: veronique.jubera@u-bordeaux.fr [CNRS, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac (France); Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac (France)

2016-03-15

A Eu{sup 3+} doped Y{sub 3}NbO{sub 7} niobate powder was synthetized using a polymerizable complex route. It gave rise to nanometric particles that crystallized in the fluorine structure, corresponding to the Y{sub 3}NbO{sub 7} phase. The thermal evolution of this powder was followed up to 1600 °C, using X-ray diffraction and optical characterizations. The fluorine structure was maintained in the whole temperature range. However, spectral evolution of the samples calcined above 900 °C showed a more complex situation. Emission spectra of powders heat treated at different temperatures showed an evolution of the emission lines that can be attributed first to a better crystallization of the niobate phase and second to its partial decomposition in favor of the formation of YNbO{sub 4} and Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Although the Y{sub 3}NbO{sub 7} phase appeared stable up to 1650 °C, from X-ray diffraction analysis, spectral analysis showed that the local environment of the doping element is modified from 1100 °C. - Graphical abstract: Spectral evolution of Eu{sup 3+} doped Y{sub 3}NbO{sub 7} niobate induced by temperature.

Bottom-up synthesis of up-converting submicron-sized Er{sup 3+}-doped LiNbO{sub 3} particles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jardiel, T., E-mail: jardiel@icv.csic.es [Departamento de Electroceramica, Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio-CSIC, Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Caballero, A.C. [Departamento de Electroceramica, Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio-CSIC, Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Marin-Dobrincic, M.; Cantelar, E.; Cusso, F. [Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, C-04, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Avda. Francisco Tomas y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid (Spain)

2012-08-15

A new and simple wet chemical synthesis method is proposed to prepare submicron-sized Erbium-doped LiNbO{sub 3} powders. The synthesis procedure comprises the co-precipitation of lithium and erbium ions from common precursors and their subsequent reaction with niobium ethoxide. A systematic characterization by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES), Atomic Absorption (AAS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), as well as by the examination of the luminescence properties, evidence that with this method a congruent Er{sup 3+}-doped LiNbO{sub 3} single phase material can be obtained without using complex and time-consuming processing steps. The synthesized powders exhibit efficient IR to VIS up-conversion emissions under 974 nm pumping. -- Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A novel chemical route to the preparation of LiNbO{sub 3} powders has been developed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This process avoids complex and time-consuming processing steps. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A congruent Er{sup 3+}-doped LiNbO{sub 3} single phase material can be obtained by this way. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The luminescence properties are the expected for this composition.

Hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. 25. Hexagonal 5 L stacking polytypes in the systems Ba/sub 5/BaWsub(3-x)sup(VI)Msub(x)sup(V)vacantOsub(15-x/2)vacantsub(x/2) with Msup(V) = Nb, Ta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie 2

1980-12-01

In the systems BaO-M/sub 2/sup(V)O/sub 5/-WO/sub 3/ (Msup(V) = Nb, Ta) a new phase Ba/sub 5/BaWsub(3-x)Msub(x)sup(V)vacantOsub(15-x/2)vacantsub(x/2) with hexagonal 5 L structure (sequence hhccc; space group P-3m1) could be prepared. The range of existence is restricted to Msup(V) containing compounds. With Msup(V) = Nb the lower phase boundary is x = 3. In the Ta system it is reached between x = 2 and 3; the pure Ta pervoskite (Ba:Ta:O = 6:3:13 1/2 = 4:2:9) represents the final member of the series Ba/sub 3/Srsub(1-y)Basub(y)Ta/sub 2/O/sub 9/ with y = 1.

Near-surface effects of transient oxidation and reduction on Nb-doped SrTiO3 epitaxial thin films

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, C. F.; Chen, Q. Y.; Wadekar, P. V.; Lozano, O.; Wong, M. S.; Hsieh, W. C.; Lin, W. Y.; Ko, H. H.; Lin, Q. J.; Huang, H. C.; Ho, N. J.; Tu, L. W.; Liao, H. H.; Chinta, P. V.; Chu, W. K.; Seo, H. W.

2014-03-01

We studied the effects of transient oxidation and reduction of Nb-doped epitaxial thin films through variations of PAr and PO2. The samples were prepared by co-sputtering of Nb and SrTiO3 on LaAlO3 substrates. The Nb-content were varied from 0-33.7%, as determined by PIXE. Contact resistance, sheet resistance, and optical properties are used to discriminate the effects.

Study of fluorine doped (Nb,Ir)O_2 solid solution electro-catalyst powders for proton exchange membrane based oxygen evolution reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kadakia, Karan Sandeep; Jampani, Prashanth H.; Velikokhatnyi, Oleg I.; Datta, Moni Kanchan; Patel, Prasad; Chung, Sung Jae; Park, Sung Kyoo; Poston, James A.; Manivannan, Ayyakkannu; Kumta, Prashant N.

2016-01-01

Graphical abstract: High surface area (∼300 m"2/g) nanostructured powders of nominal composition (Nb_1_−_xIr_x)O_2 and (Nb_1_−_xIr_x)O_2:10F have been synthesized and tested as oxygen evolution electro-catalysts for PEM based water electrolysis using a simple two-step chemical synthesis procedure. Superior electrochemical activity was demonstrated by fluorine doped compositions of (Nb_1_−_xIr_x)O_2 with an optimal composition (Nb_0_._7_5Ir_0_._2_5)O_2:10F (x = 0.25) demonstrating on-par performance with commercial hydrated IrO_2 and nanostructured in-house chemically synthesized IrO_2. Using first principles calculations, the electronic structure modification resulting in ∼75 at.% reduction (experimentally observed) in noble metal content without loss in catalytic performance and stability has been established. - Highlights: • (Nb_1_−_xIr_x)O_2:10F nanopowder electrocatalysts have been wet chemically synthesized. • (Nb_0_._7_5Ir_0_._2_5)O_2:10F exhibits superior electrochemical activity than pure IrO_2. • Stability of the (Nb,Ir)O_2:10F nanomaterials is comparable to pure (Nb,Ir)O_2. • High surface area F doped (Nb,Ir)O_2 are promising OER anode electro-catalysts. - Abstract: High surface area (∼300 m"2/g) nanostructured powders of (Nb_1_−_xIr_x)O_2 and (Nb_1_−_xIr_x)O_2:10F (∼100 m"2/g) have been examined as promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electro-catalysts for proton exchange membrane (PEM) based water electrolysis. Nb_2O_5 and 10 wt.% F doped Nb_2O_5 powders were prepared by a low temperature sol-gel process which were then converted to solid solution (Nb,Ir)O_2 and 10 wt.% F doped (Nb,Ir)O_2 [(NbIr)O_2:10F] electro-catalysts by soaking in IrCl_4 followed by heat treatment in air. Electro-catalyst powders of optimal composition (Nb_0_._7_5Ir_0_._2_5)O_2:10F with ∼75 at.% reduction in noble metal content exhibited comparable OER activity to commercial hydrated IrO_2 and nanostructured in-house chemically synthesized IrO_2

A Humidity Sensor Based on Nb-doped Nanoporous TiO2 Thin Film

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mansoor Anbia

2011-11-01

Full Text Available The humidity sensing properties of the sensor fabricated from Nb-doped nanoporous TiO2 by screen-printing on the alumina substrate with Ag-Pd interdigital electrodes have been investigated. The nanoporous thin film has been prepared by sol-gel technique. The product has been characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to analyze the structure and its morphology. It is found that the impedance of this sensor changes more than four orders of magnitude in the relative humidity (RH range of 11–95 % at 25 °C. The response and recovery time of the sensor are about 19 and 25 s, respectively, during the RH variation from 11 to 95 %. The sensor shows high humidity sensitivity, rapid response and recovery, prominent stability, good repeatability and narrow hysteresis loop. These results indicate that Nb-doped nanoporous TiO2 thin films have a great potential for humidity sensing applications in room temperature operations.

Microstructure evolution and electrical characterization of Lanthanum doped Barium Titanate (BaTiO{sub 3}) ceramics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Billah, Masum, E-mail: masum.buet09@gmail.com; Ahmed, A., E-mail: jhinukbuetmme@gmail.com; Rahman, Md. Miftaur, E-mail: miftaurrahman@mme.buet.ac.bd [Department of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000 (Bangladesh); Mahbub, Rubbayat, E-mail: rubayyatm@gce.buet.ac.bd [Department of Glass and Ceramic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000 (Bangladesh); Gafur, M. A., E-mail: d-r-magafur@bcsir.gov.bd [Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205 (Bangladesh); Bashar, M. Shahriar, E-mail: bashar@agni.com [Institute of Fuel Research & Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205 (Bangladesh)

2016-07-12

In the current work, we investigated the structural and dielectric properties of Lanthanum oxide (La{sub 2}O{sub 3}) doped Barium Titanate (BaTiO{sub 3}) ceramics and established a correlation between them. Solid state sintering method was used to dope BaTiO{sub 3} with 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 mole% La{sub 2}O{sub 3} under different sintering parameters. The raw materials used were La{sub 2}O{sub 3} nano powder of ~80 nm grain size and 99.995% purity and BaTiO{sub 3} nano powder of 100 nm grain size and 99.99% purity. Grain size distribution and morphology of fracture surface of sintered pellets were examined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction analysis was conducted to confirm the formation of desired crystal structure. The research result reveal that grain size and electrical properties of BaTiO{sub 3} ceramic significantly enhanced for small amount of doping (up to 0.5 mole% La{sub 2}O{sub 3}) and then decreased with increasing doping concentration. Desired grain growth (0.80-1.3 µm) and high densification (<90% theoretical density) were found by proper combination of temperature, sintering parameters and doping concentration. We found the resultant stable value of dielectric constant was 10000-12000 at 100-300 Hz in the temperature range of 30°-50° C for 0.5 mole% La{sub 2}O{sub 3} with corresponding shift of curie temperature around 30° C. So overall this research showed that proper La{sup 3+} concentration can control the grain size, increase density, lower curie temperature and hence significantly improve the electrical properties of BaTiO{sub 3} ceramics.

The creep of UO2 fuel doped with Nb2O5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sawbridge, P.T.; Reynolds, G.L.; Burton, B.

1981-01-01

The creep of UO 2 containing small additions of Nb 2 O 5 has been investigated in the stress range 0.5-90 MN/m 2 at temperatures between 1422 and 1573 K. The functional dependence of the creep rate of five dopant concentrations up to 0.8 mol% Nb 2 O 5 has been examined and it was established that in all the materials the secondary creep rate could be represented by the equation epsilonkT = Asigmasup(n) exp(-Q/RT), where epsilon is the steady state creep rate per hour, Q the activation energy and A and n are constants for each material. It was observed that Nb 2 O 5 additions can cause a dramatic increase in the steady state creep rate as long as the niobium ion is maintainde in the Nb 5+ valence state. Material containing 0.4 mol% Nb 2 O 5 creeps three orders of magnitude faster than the pure material. Analysis of the results in terms of grain size compensated viscosity suggest that, like pure UO 2 , the creep rate of Nb 2 O 5 doped fuel is diffusion-controlled and proportional to the reciprocal square of the grain size. A model is developed which suggests that the increase in creep rate results from suppression of the U 5+ ion concentration by the addition of Nb 5+ ions, which modifies the crystal defect structure and hence the uranium ion diffusion coefficient. (orig.)

Nanostructured TiO2 Doped with Nb as a Novel Support for PEMFC

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Edgar Valenzuela

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Nowadays, one of the major issues of the PEMFC concerns the durability. Historically, carbon has been used as a catalyst support in PEMFC; nevertheless, under the environmental conditions of the cell, the carbon is oxidized, leaving the catalyst unsupported. In order to increase the stability and durability of the catalyst in the PEMFC, a novel nanostructured metallic oxide support is proposed. In this work, TiO2 was doped with Nb to obtain a material that combines chemical stability, high surface area, and an adequate electronic conductivity in order to be a successful catalyst support candidate for long-term PEMFC applications. The TiO2-Nb nanostructured catalyst support was physically and electrochemically characterized. According to the results, the TiO2-Nb offers high surface area and good particle dispersion; also, the electrochemical activity and stability of the support were evaluated under high potential conditions, where the TiO2-Nb proved to be much more stable than carbon.

Solid electrolytes Sr(Ba)6Nb(Ta)2O11 with structural disordering of oxygen sublattice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nejman, A.Ya.; Podkorytov, A.L.; Yurkovskaya, N.Yu.; Zhukovskij, V.M.

1986-01-01

Electric conductivity at alternating and direct current and ratio of ionic component of conductivity in M 2 O-M 2 5 O 5 systems (M 2 -Sr, Ba; M 5 -Nb, Ta) are measured. High ionic conductivity of M 6 2 M 2 5 O 11 compounds is shown to be conducted by structural disordering of oxygen sublattice

Structural investigation and luminescence of nanocrystalline lanthanide doped NaNbO{sub 3} and Na{sub 0.5}K{sub 0.5}NbO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pin, Sonia [Paul Scherrer Institute, General Energy Research (ENE), Laboratory for Bioenergy and Catalysis, CH-5232 Villigen PSI (Switzerland); Piccinelli, Fabio [Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universita di Verona and INSTM, UdR Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona (Italy); Upendra Kumar, Kagola [Grupo de Fotonica e Fluidos Complexos, Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio-AL (Brazil); Enzo, Stefano [Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita di Sassari, 07100 Sassari (Italy); Ghigna, Paolo [Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita di Pavia, V.le Taramelli 16, I-27100 Pavia (Italy); Cannas, Carla; Musinu, Anna [Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, I-09042 Cagliari (Italy); Mariotto, Gino [Dipartimento di Informatica, Universita di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona (Italy); Bettinelli, Marco [Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universita di Verona and INSTM, UdR Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona (Italy); Speghini, Adolfo, E-mail: adolfo.speghini@univr.it [Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universita di Verona and INSTM, UdR Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona (Italy)

2012-12-15

Nd{sup 3+} and Eu{sup 3+} doped NaNbO{sub 3} and Na{sub 0.5}K{sub 0.5}NbO{sub 3} nanostructured multiferroics (nanoparticles or nanorods) were prepared by a sol-gel route. X-Ray powder diffraction results evidence that the sodium and mixed sodium-potassium niobates show orthorhombic (Pmc2{sub 1} space group), and monoclinic structure (Pm space group), respectively, confirmed by the Raman spectra. The local structure around the trivalent lanthanides was investigated with Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure spectroscopy at the Ln-K edge and luminescence spectroscopy. The Ln{sup 3+} ions enter the structure by substituting the alkali metals, with a 12-fold oxygen coordination, and inducing a large amount of static disorder. The visible emission bands of the Eu{sup 3+} ions indicate that multiple sites exist for the lanthanide ions, in agreement with the EXAFS results showing the largest amount of static disorder in these samples. A possible indication of clustering of oxygen vacancies around the Ln{sub Na} Double-Prime defect is obtained by VBS calculations. - Graphical Abstract: Ln{sup 3+} doped NaNbO{sub 3} and Na{sub 0.5}K{sub 0.5}NbO{sub 3} nanoparticles or nanorods can be prepared by a simple sol-gel procedure. The synergy of X-ray diffraction, EXAFS and luminescence spectroscopy gives important information on the Ln{sup 3+} local environment. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Nd{sup 3+} and Eu{sup 3+} doped NaNbO{sub 3} and Na{sub 0.5}K{sub 0.5}NbO{sub 3} nanoparticles or nanorods are prepared by sol-gel. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer EXAFS indicates that the Ln{sup 3+} ions substitutes the Na{sup +} and K{sup +} ions, inducing a large amount of static disorder. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The visible emission bands of the Eu{sup 3+} ions confirm that multiple sites exist for the lanthanide ions.

Synthesis and characterization of (Ba,Yb doped ceria nanopowders

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Branko Matović

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Nanometric size (Ba, Yb doped ceria powders with fluorite-type structure were obtained by applying selfpropagating room temperature methods. Tailored composition was: Ce0.95−xBa0.05YbxO2−δ with fixed amount of Ba − 0.05 and varying Yb content “x” from 0.05 to 0.2. Powder properties such as crystallite and particle size and lattice parameters have been studied. Röntgen diffraction analyses (XRD were used to characterize the samples at room temperature. Also, high temperature treatment (up to 1550°C was used to follow stability of solid solutions. The mean diameters of the nanocrystals are determined from the full width at half maxima (FWHM of the XRD peaks. It was found that average diameter of crystallites is less than 3 nm. WilliamsonHall plots were used to separate the effect of the size and strain in the nanocrystals.

Ba2+ Doped CH3NH3PbI3 to Tune the Energy State and Improve the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Hanbing; Shang, Ming-hui; Zheng, Xiaoying; Zeng, Zhaobing; Chen, Renjie; Zhang, Ying; Zhang, Jing; Zhu, Yuejin

2017-01-01

Highlights: •Ba doping enlarges the energy band gap of MAPb 1-x Ba x I 3 . •Voc and Jsc are enhanced in perovskite solar cells. •DFT calculation proves the experiment results. -- Abstract: Elements substitution and doping in perovskite CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 exhibit versatile tunability of energy band structure and opto-electric properties. Ba 2+ is chosen to substitute Pb 2+ for its similar valence state and ionic radius with Pb 2+ . Ba 2+ doping in perovskite (mol% <5) slightly enlarges the optic energy gap by conduction band minimum(CBM) upshifting to vacuum energy level, which is due to the smaller electronegativity of Ba than Pb. The enlarged band gap is also verified by density function theory calculations. In n-i-p structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs), because of the higher CBM of doped perovskite, the Fermi energy difference between n and p side is enlarged and the electron injection from the perovskite to TiO 2 is improved. Thus, both the photovoltage and photocurrent are improved by small amount Ba 2+ doping, resulting optimized 17.4% efficiency under AM1.5. This work reveals the relationship between the doping element property and the energy band structure of the perovskite, and highlights the doping method to improve the performance of PSCs.

Structural and electrical properties of Barium Titanate (BaTiO3 and Neodymium doped BaTiO3 (Ba0.995Nd0.005TiO3

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Tuan Sulong Tuan Amirah

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Barium titanate (BaTiO3 and Neodymium (Nd doped BaTiO3 with composition Ba0.995Nd0.005TiO3 were prepared using conventional solid state reaction method to study the dielectric properties of materials. Pure phase samples were found at final heating temperature of 1400°C for overnight. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the changes in the lattice parameter and unit cell volume of the pure perovskite tetragonal structure with space group (P4mm. Electrical analysis is carried out to investigate the dielectric properties, conductivity behaviour and dielectric loss of BaTiO3 and Ba0.995Nd0.005TiO3. Ba0.995Nd0.005TiO3 have a broaden dielectric peaks with high permittivity of 8000 and reasonably low loss tan δ which is about 0.004 (1 kHz.

STRUCTURAL AND DIELECTRIC STUDIES ON Sr0.5-3y/2LayBa0.5Nb2O6 CERAMIC SYSTEMS WITH VARIED SINTERING TIME AND La CONCENTRATION

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Zahariman S. R.

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 (SBN50 ceramic doped with different concentration of Lanthanum, La according to stoichiometric formulation of Sr0.5-3y/2LayBa0.5Nb2O6 (LSBN with y = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 prepared using traditional ceramic method at the calcination temperature of 1200°C and sintered at 1300°C at varied sintering time. The effects of the sintering time and La3+ substitution on the morphological, compositional, structural and electrical properties of the LSBN is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS, X-ray diffraction (XRD and dielectric analysis. The XRD spectra confirm the presence of TTB structure in the ceramics. The Curie temperature (Tc of the ceramic identified from the dielectric studies performed in the temperature range of 28°C to 300°C. The temperature dependent dielectric exhibits broad peaks indicating a diffuse phase transition and relaxor behavior of the ceramic. The measured density of the samples is proportional to the sintering time and inversely proportional to the amount of the La3+ substitution. The solubility limit of La3+ ions in the SBN solid solution is at y ~ 0.05. This observation is also supported by the dielectric results where the dielectric properties of the ceramic deteriorate for y > 0.05 La substitution.

Influence of La doping on structural and dielectric properties of SrBi2Nb2O9 ceramics

Science.gov (United States)

Verma, Maya; Sreenivas, K.; Gupta, Vinay

2009-01-01

Lanthanum doped SrBi2Nb2O9 ceramics with the chemical formula SrBi2-xLaxNb2O9 (SBLN) (x =0-0.5) have been prepared through conventional solid state route. X-ray diffraction reveals the shrinkage of unit cell of strontium bismuth niobate with incorporation of La3+ dopant, having no lone pair electrons. Shifting of Raman phonon modes indicates the reduced rattling space of NbO6 octahedra with increase in La doping concentration. Further, the softening of lowest frequency phonon mode with increasing x in SBLN shows the transition from ferroelectric to paraelectric at room temperature. The dielectric properties for all the compositions are studied as a function of temperature (25 to 500 °C) over the frequency range of 10 kHz-1 MHz. With increase in lanthanum doping concentration the phase transition becomes diffused and transition temperature gets shifted toward lower temperature. A phase transition from normal ferroelectric to paraelectric has been observed via relaxor-type ferroelectrics with increase in x. The frequency dependence of transition temperature was studied in terms of Vogel-Fulcher relation for SBLN (x =0.4).

Influence of La doping on structural and dielectric properties of SrBi2Nb2O9 ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Verma, Maya; Sreenivas, K.; Gupta, Vinay

2009-01-01

Lanthanum doped SrBi 2 Nb 2 O 9 ceramics with the chemical formula SrBi 2-x La x Nb 2 O 9 (SBLN) (x=0-0.5) have been prepared through conventional solid state route. X-ray diffraction reveals the shrinkage of unit cell of strontium bismuth niobate with incorporation of La 3+ dopant, having no lone pair electrons. Shifting of Raman phonon modes indicates the reduced rattling space of NbO 6 octahedra with increase in La doping concentration. Further, the softening of lowest frequency phonon mode with increasing x in SBLN shows the transition from ferroelectric to paraelectric at room temperature. The dielectric properties for all the compositions are studied as a function of temperature (25 to 500 deg. C) over the frequency range of 10 kHz-1 MHz. With increase in lanthanum doping concentration the phase transition becomes diffused and transition temperature gets shifted toward lower temperature. A phase transition from normal ferroelectric to paraelectric has been observed via relaxor-type ferroelectrics with increase in x. The frequency dependence of transition temperature was studied in terms of Vogel-Fulcher relation for SBLN (x=0.4)

Spectral analysis of Pr{sup 3+} doped germanate glasses modified by BaO and BaF{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pisarska, Joanna, E-mail: joanna.pisarska@us.edu.pl [University of Silesia, Institute of Chemistry, Szkolna 9 Street, 40-007 Katowice (Poland); Pisarski, Wojciech A. [University of Silesia, Institute of Chemistry, Szkolna 9 Street, 40-007 Katowice (Poland); Dorosz, Dominik; Dorosz, Jan [Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wiejska 45D Street, 15-351 Bialystok (Poland)

2016-03-15

Luminescence properties of Pr{sup 3+} ions in germanate glasses modified by BaF{sub 2} were investigated. Several luminescence bands originating to transitions from the {sup 3}P{sub 0} state to the lower-lying states of Pr{sup 3+} were registered under 450 nm excitation. The spectral analysis suggests that the positions of luminescence bands and their relative intensities are changed significantly with BaF{sub 2} content. The relative integrated luminescence intensities of {sup 3}P{sub 0}→{sup 3}H{sub 4} transition (blue) to the {sup 3}P{sub 0}→{sup 3}F{sub 2} transition (red) of Pr{sup 3+} ions strongly depend on fluoride modifier BaF{sub 2} in glass composition. The luminescence bands of Pr{sup 3+} ions are shifted to shorter wavelengths with increasing BaF{sub 2} content. - Highlights: • Praseodymium doped lead-free germanate glasses modified by BaF{sub 2} were prepared. • Emission spectra correspond to transitions from {sup 3}P{sub 0} state to lower-lying states of Pr{sup 3+}. • The relative emission band intensities of Pr{sup 3+} depend strongly on BaF{sub 2} content. • Emission bands of Pr{sup 3+} are shifted to shorter wavelengths with increasing BaF{sub 2} content.

Hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. 4. Ba/sub 8/Re/sub 3/Msup(V)Wvacant/sub 3/O/sub 24/ with Msup(V) = Nb, Ta - perovskite stacking polytypes of 24 L type

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Chemie

1978-11-01

The yellow perovskite stacking polytypes Ba/sub 8/Re/sub 3/NbWvacant/sub 3/O/sub 24/ and Ba/sub 8/Re/sub 3/TaWvacant/sub 3/O/sub 24/ have a rhombohedral layer structure of 24 L type with 3 formula units in the trigonal setting (Ba/sub 8/Re/sub 3/NbWvacant/sub 3/O/sub 24/: a = 5,82 A; c = 55.6 A; Ba/sub 8/Re/sub 3/TaWvacant/sub 3/O/sub 24/; a = 5,81 A; c = 55.6 A).

A combined diffraction and dielectric properties investigation of Ba3MnNb2O9 complex perovskites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Yun; Withers, Ray L.; Whichello, A.P.; Noren, Lasse; Ting, Valeska; Brink, Frank; Fitz Gerald, John D.

2005-01-01

A combined synthesis, diffraction and dielectric properties investigation of the dependence (and effect) of Mn 2+ /Nb 5+ ordering in Ba 3 MnNb 2 O 9 (BMN) upon annealing atmosphere and processing conditions has been carried out. Annealing in different atmospheres was not found to significantly alter either nominal stoichiometry or structure type. The obtained structure type (disordered metrically cubic or ordered trigonal) as well as the measured electrical properties (in particular, the dielectric loss) were, however, found to be sensitive to the synthesis route. Samples obtained via solid-state reaction were found to be predominantly of 1:2 Mn 2+ /Nb 5+ ordered, P3-bar m1 trigonal structure type whereas samples obtained via an aqueous solution route were found to be of a Mn 2+ /Nb 5+ 'disordered', metrically cubic structure type. All solid-state synthesized samples showed reasonable dielectric properties. The microwave dielectric constant and dielectric quality factor, Q, at 8GHz of an as-synthesized BMN sample were 38 and 100, respectively. By contrast, the dielectric loss of the metrically cubic, Mn 2+ /Nb 5+ 'disordered' samples obtained via an aqueous solution synthesis process were significantly worse

Anomalous behavior of B1g mode in highly transparent anatase nano-crystalline Nb-doped Titanium Dioxide (NTO thin films

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Subodh K. Gautam

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The effect of Niobium doping and size of crystallites on highly transparent nano-crystalline Niobium doped Titanium Dioxide (NTO thin films with stable anatase phase are reported. The Nb doping concentration is varied within the solubility limit in TiO2 lattice. Films were annealed in controlled environment for improving the crystallinity and size of crystallites. Elemental and thickness analysis were carried out using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and cross sectional field emission scanning electron microscopy. Structural characteristics reveal a substitutional incorporation of Nb+5 in the TiO2 lattice which inhibits the anatase crystallites growth with increasing the doping percentage. The micro-Raman (MR spectra of films with small size crystallites shows stiffening of about 4 cm−1 for the Eg(1 mode and is ascribed to phonon confinement and non-stoichiometry. In contrast, B1g mode exhibits a large anomalous softening of 20 cm−1 with asymmetrical broadening; which was not reported for the case of pure TiO2 crystallites. This anomalous behaviour is explained by contraction of the apical Ti-O bonds at the surface upon substitutional Nb5+ doping induced reduction of Ti4+ ions also known as hetero-coordination effect. The proposed hypotheses is manifested through studying the electronic structure and phonon dynamics by performing the near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS and temperature dependent MR down to liquid nitrogen temperature on pure and 2.5 at.% doped NTO films, respectively.

Tunable luminescence properties and efficient energy transfer in Eu2+, Tb3+ co-doped NaBaPO4

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Qiuhong Zhang

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Eu2 + and Tb3+ singly doped and co-doped NaBaPO4 phosphors were synthesized by solid state reaction. The structure character, photoluminescence properties and the lifetime were investigated. The emission spectra of NaBaPO4:Eu2+, Tb3+, Na+ phosphor show both broad blue emission band and sharp green emission peaks. The energy transfer mechanism from Eu2+ to Tb3+ in NaBaPO4 host was discussed. The excitation spectra of NaBaPO4: Eu2+, Tb3+, Na+ phosphor show broad excitation band in the 250–400 nm range, which was in agreement with the near-ultraviolet (n-UV chip. The hue of the NaBaPO4: Eu2+, Tb3+, Na+ phosphors could be appropriately tuned by adjusting the contents of activators.

Thermoluminescence of rare earth doped BaSO/sub 4/ phosphors and its applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nagpal, J.S.; Varadharajan, G. (Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay (India). Div. of Radiological Protection)

1982-03-01

Thermoluminescence of synthetic BaSO/sub 4/ samples individually doped with Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy and Tm has been studied after ..gamma..- and microwave irradiations. BaSO/sub 4/:Eu has the highest response for ..gamma..-radiation while BaSO/sub 4/:Tb exhibits highest reduction in its ..gamma..-induced TL after exposure to microwave radiation (2425 +- 25 MHz). The reduction depends on the microwave radiant exposure and is independent of the irradiance level in the range 25-200 mW . cm/sup -2/ and hence can be useful for microwave dosimetry.

Thin film hybrid Josephson junctions with Co doped Ba-122

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmidt, Stefan; Doering, Sebastian; Schmidl, Frank; Tympel, Volker; Grosse, Veit; Seidel, Paul [Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena (Germany); Haindl, Silvia; Iida, Kazumasa; Kurth, Fritz; Holzapfel, Bernhard [IFW Dresden, Institut fuer Metallische Werkstoffe, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden (Germany); Moench, Ingolf [IFW Dresden, Institut fuer Integrative Nanowissenschaften, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden (Germany)

2011-07-01

Josephson junctions are a strong tool to investigate fundamental superconducting properties, such as gap behaviour, dependencies from external fields and the order parameter symmetry. Finding secure values enables the possibility of theoretical descriptions to understand the physical processes within the new iron-based superconductors. Based on Co-doped BaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} (Ba-122) layers produced via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on (La,Sr)(Al,Ta)O{sub 3} substrates, we manufactured superconductor-normal conductor-superconductor (S-N-S) junctions structures by using photolithography, ion beam etching as well as insulating SiO{sub 2} layers. We present working Ba-122/Au/PbIn thin film Josephson junctions with different contact areas and barrier thicknesses, their temperature dependence and response to microwave irradiation. The calculated I{sub c}R{sub N} product is in the range of a couple of microvolts.

Thermochemical properties of oxides in Y-Ba-Cu-O, Sr-Bi-O, Cu-Nb-O, Sr-Cu-O, Ca-Cu-O, Cu-O and Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moiseev, G.K.; Vatolin, N.A.; Il'inykh, N.I.

2000-01-01

Thermochemical properties (ΔH 0 298 , S 0 298 , H 0 298 -H 0 0 , C p (T), C p at T>T melt ) of complex oxides in Y-Ba-Cu-O, Sr-Bi-O, Cu-Nb-O, Sr-Cu-O, Ca-Cu-O, Cu-O and Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O systems obtained with application of calculation methods are presented. Nonexperimental methods of estimation, revision and correction of standard formation enthalpies of inorganic compounds are described [ru

Energy transfer from Pr3+ to Gd3+ ions in BaB8O13 phosphor for phototherapy lamps

Science.gov (United States)

Tamboli, Sumedha; Nair, Govind B.; Dhoble, S. J.; Burghate, D. K.

2018-04-01

A series of BaB8O13 phosphors doped with different concentrations of Gd3+ ions and co-doped with Pr3+ ions were synthesized by solid state synthesis method. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of the compound in a crystalline and homogeneous form. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was performed to study the surface morphology of the compound and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy measurements determined the nature of bonding between elements of the compounds. The photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectra of BaB8O13:Gd3+ phosphor showed excitation peaks at 246 nm, 252 nm and 274 nm. The prominent emission peak was observed at 313 nm which is in narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) range. Energy transfer was achieved by co-doping Pr3+ ions with Gd3+ ions. PL decay time was also measured for BaB8O13: Gd3+, Pr3+ phosphor. Emission at 313 nm can be used for the treatment of skin diseases.

Influence of rare-earth additives (La, Sm and Dy on the microstructure and dielectric properties of doped BaTiO3 ceramics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paunović Vesna

2010-01-01

Full Text Available A series of La/Mn, Sm/Mn and Dy/Mn codoped BaTiO3 samples were prepared by the conventional solid state procedure with dopant concentrations ranging from 0.1 up to 2.0 at%. The specimens were sintered at 1320°C and 1350°C in an air atmosphere for two hours. The low doped samples demonstrated a mainly uniform and homogeneous microstructure with average grain sizes ranging from 0.3 μm to 5.0 μm. The appearance of secondary abnormal grains in the fine grain matrix and core-shell structure were observed in highly doped La/BaTiO3 and Dy/BaTiO3 sintered at 1350°C. The low doped samples, sintered at 1350°C, display a high value of dielectric permittivity at room temperature, 6800 for Sm/BaTiO3, 5900 for Dy/BaTiO3 and 3100 for La/BaTiO3. A nearly flat permittivity-response was obtained in specimens with 2.0 at% additive content. Using a modified Curie-Weiss law the Curie-like constant C⁄ and a critical exponent γ were calculated. The obtained values of γ pointed out the diffuse phase transformation in heavily doped BaTiO3 samples.

Local geometric and electronic structures and origin of magnetism in Co-doped BaTiO3 multiferroics

Science.gov (United States)

Phan, The-Long; Thang, P. D.; Ho, T. A.; Manh, T. V.; Thanh, Tran Dang; Lam, V. D.; Dang, N. T.; Yu, S. C.

2015-05-01

We have prepared polycrystalline samples BaTi1-xCoxO3 (x = 0-0.1) by solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction and Raman-scattering studies reveal the phase separation in crystal structure as changing Co-doping content (x). The samples with x = 0-0.01 are single phase in a tetragonal structure. At higher doping contents (x > 0.01), there is the formation and development of a secondary hexagonal phase. Magnetization measurements at room temperature indicate a coexistence of paramagnetic and weak-ferromagnetic behaviors in BaTi1-xCoxO3 samples with x > 0, while pure BaTiO3 is diamagnetic. Both these properties increase with increasing x. Analyses of X-ray absorption spectra recorded from BaTi1-xCoxO3 for the Co and Ti K-edges indicate the presence of Co2+ and Co3+ ions. They locate in the Ti4+ site of the tetragonal and hexagonal BaTiO3 structures. Particularly, there is a shift of oxidation state from Co2+ to Co3+ when Co-doping content increases. We believe that the paramagnetic nature in BaTi1-xCoxO3 samples is due to isolated Co2+ and Co3+ centers. The addition of Co3+ ions enhances the paramagnetic behavior. Meanwhile, the origin of ferromagnetism is due to lattice defects, which is less influenced by the changes caused by the variation in concentration of Co2+ and Co3+ ions.

Study of fluorine doped (Nb,Ir)O{sub 2} solid solution electro-catalyst powders for proton exchange membrane based oxygen evolution reaction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kadakia, Karan Sandeep [Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (United States); Jampani, Prashanth H., E-mail: pjampani@pitt.edu [Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (United States); Velikokhatnyi, Oleg I.; Datta, Moni Kanchan [Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (United States); Center for Complex Engineered Multifunctional Materials, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (United States); Patel, Prasad [Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (United States); Chung, Sung Jae [Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (United States); Park, Sung Kyoo [Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (United States); Poston, James A.; Manivannan, Ayyakkannu [US Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, WV 26507 (United States); Kumta, Prashant N. [Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (United States); Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (United States); Center for Complex Engineered Multifunctional Materials, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (United States); Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (United States); Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15217 (United States)

2016-10-15

Graphical abstract: High surface area (∼300 m{sup 2}/g) nanostructured powders of nominal composition (Nb{sub 1−x}Ir{sub x})O{sub 2} and (Nb{sub 1−x}Ir{sub x})O{sub 2}:10F have been synthesized and tested as oxygen evolution electro-catalysts for PEM based water electrolysis using a simple two-step chemical synthesis procedure. Superior electrochemical activity was demonstrated by fluorine doped compositions of (Nb{sub 1−x}Ir{sub x})O{sub 2} with an optimal composition (Nb{sub 0.75}Ir{sub 0.25})O{sub 2}:10F (x = 0.25) demonstrating on-par performance with commercial hydrated IrO{sub 2} and nanostructured in-house chemically synthesized IrO{sub 2}. Using first principles calculations, the electronic structure modification resulting in ∼75 at.% reduction (experimentally observed) in noble metal content without loss in catalytic performance and stability has been established. - Highlights: • (Nb{sub 1−x}Ir{sub x})O{sub 2}:10F nanopowder electrocatalysts have been wet chemically synthesized. • (Nb{sub 0.75}Ir{sub 0.25})O{sub 2}:10F exhibits superior electrochemical activity than pure IrO{sub 2}. • Stability of the (Nb,Ir)O{sub 2}:10F nanomaterials is comparable to pure (Nb,Ir)O{sub 2}. • High surface area F doped (Nb,Ir)O{sub 2} are promising OER anode electro-catalysts. - Abstract: High surface area (∼300 m{sup 2}/g) nanostructured powders of (Nb{sub 1−x}Ir{sub x})O{sub 2} and (Nb{sub 1−x}Ir{sub x})O{sub 2}:10F (∼100 m{sup 2}/g) have been examined as promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electro-catalysts for proton exchange membrane (PEM) based water electrolysis. Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} and 10 wt.% F doped Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} powders were prepared by a low temperature sol-gel process which were then converted to solid solution (Nb,Ir)O{sub 2} and 10 wt.% F doped (Nb,Ir)O{sub 2} [(NbIr)O{sub 2}:10F] electro-catalysts by soaking in IrCl{sub 4} followed by heat treatment in air. Electro-catalyst powders of optimal composition (Nb{sub 0.75}Ir

Electron mass anisotropy of BaZrO3 doped YBCO thin films in pulsed magnetic fields up to 30 T

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Palonen, H; Huhtinen, H; Paturi, P; Shakhov, M A

2013-01-01

The high anisotropy of the critical current density in the high-temperature superconductor YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+x can be compensated by changing the pinning landscape, for example, through doping with BaZrO 3 . We measure the change due to BaZrO 3 doping in the effective electron mass anisotropy, γ, by resistive measurements of the upper critical field in pulsed high magnetic fields. It is found that the angular dependence of the upper critical field follows the Blatter scaling up to 30 T but the irreversibility field does not. We also report a significant reduction in the effective electron mass anisotropy from 6.0 to 3.4 by BaZrO 3 doping. (paper)

Characterization of oxygen vacancies and their migration in Ba-doped Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 ferroelectrics

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, M. F.; Wang, Y.; Wang, K. F.; Zhu, J. S.; Liu, J.-M.

2009-03-01

We investigate in detail the migration kinetics of oxygen vacancies (OVs) in Ba-doped Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) ferroelectrics by complex impedance spectroscopy. The temperature dependent dc-electrical conductivity σdc suggests that Ba doping into PZT can lower significantly the density of OVs, leading to the distinctly decreased σdc and slightly enhanced activation energy U for the migration of OVs, thus benefiting the polarization fatigue resistance. Furthermore, the polarization fluctuation induced by the relaxation of OVs is reduced by the Ba doping. The Cole-Cole fitting to the dielectric loss manifests strong correlation among OVs, and the migration of OVs appears to be a collective behavior.

Nb and Ta Co-Doped TiO2 Transparent Conductive Thin Films by Magnetron Sputtering: Fabrication, Structure, and Characteristics

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Yang; Peng, Qian; Qiao, Yadong; Yang, Guang

2018-06-01

Nb and Ta co-doped anatase titanium dioxide (NTTO) nanocrystalline thin films were deposited on quartz and Si (100) substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The influence of RF power on the growth, structure, morphology, and properties of the samples are discussed in detail. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the films are polycrystalline with anatase tetragonal structure, which is further confirmed by Raman spectroscopy analysis. Meanwhile, Raman spectroscopy results indicate that the peak width of E g(1) mode, which is directly correlated to the carrier density, changes obviously with RF power. It is found that the substitution of Nb5+ and Ta5+ at Ti site is significantly improved with the increase of RF power from 150 W to 210 W. For the sample deposited at 210 W, the optical transmittance is above 82% in the visible range and the electrical resistivity is as low as 1.3 × 10-3 Ω cm with carrier density of 1.1 × 1021 cm-3 and Hall mobility of 4.5 cm2 V-1 s-1. The optical and electrical properties of NTTO thin films can be compared to those of Nb or Ta doped anatase TiO2. However, co-doping with Nb and Ta gives a possible platform to complement the limitations of each individual dopant.

Influence of Impurities on the Luminescence of Er3+ Doped BaTiO3 Nanophosphors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. D. Webler

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The influence of the presence of barium carbonate (BaCO3 phase on the luminescence properties of barium titanate nanocrystals (BaTiO3 powders was investigated. Structural and optical characterizations of erbium (Er3+ doped BaTiO3 synthesized by the sol-emulsion-gel were performed. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction, we identified the presence of impurities related to BaCO3 and quantified its fraction. It was observed that the presence of BaCO3 phase, even at low levels, depletes significantly the infrared-to-visible upconverted luminescence efficiency of the produced nanopowders.

Comparison of the Thermal Degradation of Heavily Nb-Doped and Normal PZT Thin Films.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Jeong-Suong; Kang, YunSung; Kang, Inyoung; Lim, SeungMo; Shin, Seung-Joo; Lee, JungWon; Hur, Kang Heon

2017-03-01

The degradation of niobium-doped lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and two types of PZT thin films were investigated. Undoped PZT, two-step PZT, and heavily Nb-doped PZT (PNZT) around the morphotropic phase boundary were in situ deposited under optimum condition by RF-magnetron sputtering. All 2- [Formula: see text]-thick films had dense perovskite columnar grain structure and self-polarized (100) dominant orientation. PZT thin films were deposited on Pt/TiO x bottom electrode on Si wafer, and PNZT thin film was on Ir/TiW electrode with the help of orientation control. Sputtered PZT films formed on microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope and the degradation rates were compared at different temperatures. PNZT showed the best resistance to the thermal degradation, followed by two-step PZT. To clarify the effect of oxygen vacancies on the degradation of the film at high temperature, photoluminescence measurement was conducted, which confirmed that oxygen vacancy rate was the lowest in heavy PNZT. Nb-doping PZT thin films suppressed the oxygen deficit and made high imprint with self-polarization. This defect distribution and high internal field allowed PNZT thin film to make the piezoelectric sensors more stable and reliable at high temperature, such as reflow process of MEMS packaging.

Hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. 26. Ba/sub 12/Ba/sub 2//sub 2/3/M/sub 7//sup V//sub 1/3/vacant/sub 2/O/sub 33/vacant/sub 3/ (Msup(V) =Nb, Ta) - the first stacking polytypes of a rhombohedral 36 L-type

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie 2

1981-05-01

In the systems BaO-M/sub 2//sup V/O/sub 5/ (M/sup V/ = Nb, Ta) for a Ba:M/sup V/ ratio of 2:1 polymorphism is observed. Here the low temperature modifications are described. They crystallize in a rhombohedral 36 L structure with three formula units Ba/sub 12/Ba/sub 2//sub 2/3/M/sub 7//sup V//sub 1/3/vacant/sub 2/O/sub 33/vacant/sub 3/ for the trigonal setting (M/sup V/ = Nb: a = 5.92/sub 2/ A; c = 93./sub 25/ A; Ta: a = 5.92/sub 2/ A; c = 93.4 A).

Multifold polar states in Zn-doped Sr0.9Ba0.1TiO3 ceramics

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Yan-Yan; Guo, Yun-Jun; Wei, Tong; Liu, Jun-Ming

2015-12-01

We investigate the effect of Zn doping on the dielectricity and ferroelectricity of a series of polycrystalline Sr0.9-xZnxBa0.1TiO3 (0.0% ≤ x ≤ 5.0%) ceramics. It is surprisingly observed that the Zn doping will produce the multifold polar states, i.e., the Zn-doped ceramic will convert a reduced polar state into an enhanced polar state, and eventually into a stabilized polar state with increasing the doping level x. It is revealed that in the background of quantum fluctuations, the competition between the Zn-doping-induced lattice contraction and the Ba-doping-induced lattice expansion is responsible for both the reduced polar state and the enhanced polar state coming into being. Also, the addition of the antiferrodistortive effect, which is the antipolar interaction originating from the opposite tilted-TiO6 octahedra rotation, represents the core physics behind the stabilized polar state. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11304158, 51431006, 51102277, and 11104118), the Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China (Grant No. NY213020), and the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province, China.

Effect of MnO doping on the structure, microstructure and electrical properties of the (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O3 lead-free piezoceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rubio-Marcos, F.; Marchet, P.; Vendrell, X.; Romero, J.J.; Remondiere, F.; Mestres, L.; Fernandez, J.F.

2011-01-01

Highlights: · MnO doping effects on structure and properties of (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O 3 piezoceramics. · The structure changes towards an orthorhombic symmetry for higher MnO concentrations. · High doping levels induce a tetragonal tungsten-bronze secondary phase. · Mn 2+ doping modifies the phase transition temperature and the piezoelectric properties. · Manganese doping increases the mechanical quality factor Q m . - Abstract: Mn 2+ -doped (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O 3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have been prepared by a conventional sintering technique. The effects of Mn 2+ doping on the phase structure, microstructure and ferro-piezoelectric properties of the ceramics have been evaluated. MnO doping modifies the (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O 3 structure, giving rise to the appearance of a TTB-like secondary phase and to changes on the orthorhombic to tetragonal phase transition temperature. The modification of this temperature induces a reduction of the piezoelectric constants, which is accompanied by an increase on the mechanical quality factor. Mn 2+ ions incorporate into the perovskite structure in different off ways depending on their concentration.

Electric-field gradients at the $^{111}In$ and $^{111m}Cd$ sites in undoped and Mg-doped $LiNbO_{3}$

CERN Document Server

Hauer, B; Marques, J G; Barradas, N P; Correia, J G; Agulló-López, F; Diéguez, E

1995-01-01

The quadrupole interaction of 111Cd in undoped (congruent) and Mg-doped LiNbO3 single crystals has been studied using the perturbed angular correlation technique after implantation of 111In and 111mCd. A stepwise-annealing procedure shows the lattice to be fully reconstructed at 773 K. Our results show that both In and Cd are in the Li position. Mg doping at 6 mol % does not have any effect on the lattice location of these impurities in LiNbO3.

Efficiency of Nb-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Application

Science.gov (United States)

Anuntahirunrat, Jirapat; Sung, Youl-Moon; Pooyodying, Pattarapon

2017-09-01

The technological of Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) had been improved for several years. Due to its simplicity and low cost materials with belonging to the part of thin films solar cells. DSSCs have numerous advantages and benefits among the other types of solar cells. Many of the DSSC devices had use organic chemical that produce by specific method to use as thin film electrodes. The organic chemical that widely use to establish thin film electrodes are Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and many other chemical substances. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles had been used in DSSCs applications as thin film electrodes. Nanoparticles are a part of nanomaterials that are defined as a single particles 1-100 nm in diameter. From a few year ZnO widely used in DSSC applications because of its optical, electrical and many others properties. In particular, the unique properties and utility of ZnO structure. However the efficiency of ZnO nanoparticles based solar cells can be improved by doped various foreign impurity to change the structures and properties. Niobium (Nb) had been use as a dopant of metal oxide thin films. Using specification method to doped the ZnO nanoparticles thin film can improved the efficiencies of DSSCs. The efficiencies of Nb-doped ZnO can be compared by doping 0 at wt% to 5 at wt% in ZnO nanoparticles thin films that prepared by the spin coating method. The thin film electrodes doped with 3 at wt% represent a maximum efficiencies with the lowest resistivity of 8.95×10-4 Ω·cm.

Far-infrared spectroscopy in ordered and disordered BaMg1/3Nb2/3O3 microwave ceramics

Science.gov (United States)

Dias, Anderson; Moreira, Roberto Luiz

2003-09-01

Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics with suitable microwave dielectric properties for application in wireless communications and information access technologies were studied by far-infrared spectroscopy. Samples with different B-site ordering degrees, obtained by hydrothermal synthesis followed by sintering at various temperatures, were employed in this investigation. The sixteen infrared modes predicted by factor-group analysis were observed and adjusted according to a four-parameter semiquantum model. The dispersion parameters were determined in order to calculate the real part of the dielectric permittivity and the quality factors associated with the dielectric losses in the microwave region. The materials exhibited increasing ɛ0 and Q values up to 1100 °C, increasing more substantially when the temperature attained 1300 °C. The B-site ordering played an important role on this behavior along with the microstructural evolution above 1100 °C (grain growth), which also increased the phonon lifetime and contributed to the Q improvement. Kramers-Kronig analyses were carried out in all experimental data and the contributions of the main optical polar modes to the dielectric and microwave properties were carefully analyzed in order to identify and attribute the Ba-BO3 external mode, the inner modes related to the O-Mg-O and O-Nb-O bending vibrations, and the stretching modes of each MgO6 and NbO6 octahedron.

Structural, electric and dielectric properties of Eu-doped SrBi2Nb2O9 ceramics obtained by co-precipitation route

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohamed Afqir

2018-03-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a study of the structure and dielectric properties of Eu-doped SrBi2Nb2O9 ceramics prepared by co-precipitation route and sintered at 850 °C. The materials were examined using XRD and FTIR methods. XRD data indicated the formation of well crystallized structure of the pure and doped SrBi2Nb2O9, without the presence of undesirable phases. FTIR spectra do not bring a significant shift in the band positions. Moreover, the AC conductivity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the ceramics were determined through the frequency range [50 kHz–1 MHz]. In particular, the dielectric constant (ε′ and dielectric losses (tan δ of the SrBi2Nb2O9 and SrBi1.6Eu0.4Nb2O9 ceramics were measured as a function of temperature at various frequencies.

Enhanced photovoltaic performance of a quantum dot-sensitized solar cell using a Nb-doped TiO2 electrode

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiang, Lei; You, Ting; Deng, Wei-Qiao

2013-01-01

In this work Nb-doped anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals are used as the photoanode of quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. A solar cell with CdS/CdSe quantum dots co-sensitized 2.5 mol% Nb-doped anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals can achieve a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 3.3%, which is almost twice as high as the 1.7% obtained by a cell based on undoped TiO 2 nanocrystals. The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency can reach as high as 91%, which is a record for all quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. Detailed analysis shows that such an enhancement is due to improved lifetime and diffusion length of electrons in the solar cell. (paper)

Enhanced photovoltaic performance of a quantum dot-sensitized solar cell using a Nb-doped TiO2 electrode.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Lei; You, Ting; Deng, Wei-Qiao

2013-10-18

In this work Nb-doped anatase TiO2 nanocrystals are used as the photoanode of quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. A solar cell with CdS/CdSe quantum dots co-sensitized 2.5 mol% Nb-doped anatase TiO2 nanocrystals can achieve a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 3.3%, which is almost twice as high as the 1.7% obtained by a cell based on undoped TiO2 nanocrystals. The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency can reach as high as 91%, which is a record for all quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. Detailed analysis shows that such an enhancement is due to improved lifetime and diffusion length of electrons in the solar cell.

Rietveld refinement and dielectric relaxation of a new rare earth based double perovskite oxide: BaPrCoNbO{sub 6}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bharti, Chandrahas, E-mail: bharti.chandrahas@gmail.com [Sensor and Actuator Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 (India); Das, Mrinmoy K.; Sen, A. [Sensor and Actuator Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 (India); Chanda, Sadhan; Sinha, T.P. [Department of Physics, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700009 (India)

2014-02-15

A new rare earth based double perovskite oxide barium praseodymium cobalt niobate, BaPrCoNbO{sub 6} (BPCN) is synthesized by solid-state reaction technique. Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data shows that the compound crystallizes in a perovskite like tetragonal structure which belongs to the I4/mmm space group with lattice parameters a=b=5.6828(9) Å, c=8.063(2) Å. Structural analysis reveals 1:1 ordered arrangement for the Co{sup 2+} and Nb{sup 5+} cations over the six-coordinate B-sites of BPCN. The superlattice line (1 0 1) at 2θ=19.10° arising from the alternate ordering of Co{sup 2+} and Nb{sup 5+} sites is observed in the XRD pattern which confirms the presence of cation ordering in BPCN. Fourier transform infrared spectrum shows two phonon modes of the sample due to the antisymmetric NbO{sub 6} stretching vibration. The relaxation dynamics of the conductive process in BPCN is investigated in the temperature range 303 to 503 K and in the frequency range 100 Hz to 1 MHz using impedance spectroscopy. The relaxation mechanism of the sample in the framework of electric modulus formalism is modeled by Davidson–Cole model (DCM). The values of α (distribution of relaxation time) for the DCM varies from 0.1 to 0.3 which suggests the asymmetric distribution of relaxation time for BPCN. The activation energy of the sample, calculated from both conductivity and modulus spectra, are found to be almost the same ∼0.4 eV, which indicates that the conduction mechanism for BPCN is polaron hopping. The scaling behaviour of the imaginary part of electric modulus suggests that the relaxation follows the same mechanism at various temperatures. - Graphical abstract: Rietveld refinement plot for BPCN. Inset shows the schematic presentation of the BPCN tetragonal unit cell. The Co{sup 2+} atoms are located at the centers of the CoO{sub 6} (blue) octahedra. The Nb{sup 5+} atoms are located at the centers of the NbO{sub 6} (green) octahedra. Display Omitted

Effects of Sb-doping on the formation of (K, Na)(Nb, Sb)O3 solid solution under hydrothermal conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Su Likui; Zhu Kongjun; Bai Lin; Qiu Jinhao; Ji Hongli

2010-01-01

(K, Na)(Nb, Sb)O 3 (KNNS) lead-free peizoceramic powders were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal treatment at 240 o C for 8 h using the KOH, NaOH, Nb 2 O 5 and Sb 2 O 3 as raw materials. Effects of Sb-doping on the crystal structure and morphology of the as-prepared powders were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra (Raman), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The Sb element was successfully doped into the alkaline niobate perovskite structure to form crystalline (K 0.7 Na 0.3 )(Nb 0.95 Sb 0.05 )O 3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramic powder, which has a hexagonal morphology due to the aggregation growth of small grains. Phase and morphology evolutions with the reaction time were also studied, and a possible formation mechanism was proposed.

Structural and pinning properties of Y2Ba4CuMOy (M = Nb,Zr)/YBa2Cu3O7-δ quasi-multilayers fabricated by off-axis pulsed laser deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reich, E; Thersleff, T; Huehne, R; Iida, K; Schultz, L; Holzapfel, B

2009-01-01

Power applications based on YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ coated conductors demand an enhancement of the critical current density J c in magnetic fields to be achieved using artificial pinning centres. A well-known approach to studying pinning by second phase nanoparticles is based on quasi-multilayer deposition of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (Y123) and a dopant material. In this study we use the Y 2 Ba 4 CuMO y (M = Nb, Zr; M2411) phase as a dopant material, which proved to be very successful in increasing J c for bulk samples. Although stability of the M2411 phase in bulk Y123 has been reported, experimental evidence of its stability in thin films is still lacking. We found that during the quasi-multilayer deposition, yttrium doped Ba(M 1-x Y x )O 3 forms instead of the M2411 secondary phase, and this causes an increase of J c at high magnetic fields as well as an increase in the irreversibility field below 80 K as compared against pure Y123 thin films.

NO and NO{sub 2} adsorption on subsurface doped MgO (100) and BaO (100) surfaces. A density functional study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Añez, Rafael, E-mail: ranez@ivic.gob.ve [Laboratorio de Química Física y Catálisis Computacional, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 21827, Caracas (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of); Sierraalta, Aníbal [Laboratorio de Química Física y Catálisis Computacional, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 21827, Caracas (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of); Soto, Lenin J. Díaz [Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Física, 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CT Bloco A sala 412, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21949-900 (Brazil)

2017-05-15

Highlights: • Subsurface doped BaO(100) and MgO(100) surfaces. • NO and NO{sub 2} adsorption on doped BaO(100) and MgO(100) surfaces. • Surface distortion produced by the doped improves the interaction with the surface. • NO and NO{sub 2} adsorption energies displayed good correlation with the transferred charge. - Abstract: A periodic DFT approach was used to study the energetic, electronic and structural changes produced by the V, Fe and Ni sub layer doped of the MgO (100) and BaO (100) surfaces and the effect of these changes over the adsorption of NO and NO{sub 2}. Results indicate that the higher capacity of donating charge of the transition metal atoms improves the ability of the surfaces to transfer charge to the molecules. The charge transferred goes to NO and NO{sub 2} antibonding orbitals which makes them more reactive hence the interaction becomes stronger. A good lineal correlation between the charge transferred and the calculated adsorption energy was found, that is, as the charge transferred increases the adsorption energy increases. The interaction between the NO or NO{sub 2} molecule on doped surfaces not only depends of the charge transferred, surface structural changes produced by the doping with transition metal atoms increase the adsorption energy specially on the BaO (100) surface where the surface structural changes were more noticeable. Calculated stretching frequency of a NO in a η{sup 1} –N configuration indicates that this is the most stable specie found for the adsorption of NO on terraces of the MgO (100) surface around 77 K and that the sub layer Ni doped BaO (100) surface could be a promising material for the decomposition of NO{sub 2}.

Tuning electronic structure and optical properties of SrTiO{sub 3} by site-specific doping by Nb with N/B from hybrid functional calculations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Yanyu; Zhou, Wei; Wu, Ping, E-mail: pingwu@tju.edu.cn

2017-07-01

In this study, the extensive density functional theory calculations are performed to modify the electronic structure of perovskite SrTiO{sub 3} by doping with Nb and N/B. The unoccupied states induced by the Nb monodoping at the Sr or Ti site, which were passivated in the codoped systems (the substitution of Nb at Ti site with the replacement of N at O site: Nb@Ti/N@O and the substitution of Nb at Sr site with the replacement of B at O site: Nb@Sr/B@O). The charge-compensated donor-acceptor pair codoping creates the new occupied states within the band gap, which yields the absorption edge extend to visible light. And the calculated defect formation energy implies that the codoped systems are energetically favorable under the O-rich condition. Moreover, the band-edge alignment confirmed that the Nb@Ti/N@O system is desirable for the spontaneous water splitting under visible light and the Nb@Sr/B@O system can split water into hydrogen in presence of sacrificial agent. - Highlights: • A systematical study has been employed on SrTiO{sub 3} with the donor-acceptor codoping. • The donor-acceptor pair codoping yields the absorption edge extend to visible light. • The formation energy implies that the codoped systems are favorable under the O-rich condition. • The Nb@Ti/N@O system is desirable for the spontaneous water splitting under visible light. • The Nb@Sr/B@O system can split water into hydrogen in presence of sacrificial agent.

Investigation into self-pumped and mutually pumped phase conjugation with beams entering the negative c face of doped (K0.5Na0.5)0.2(Sr0.75 Ba0.25)0.9Nb2O6 crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, J.; Liu, H.; Jia, W.

1997-01-01

We investigated some novel geometries of self-pumped phase conjugation (SPPC) and mutually pumped phase conjugation (MPPC), relying on total internal reflection both from the a face and from corners, with beams entering the negative c face of doped (K 0.5 Na 0.5 ) 0.2 (Sr 0.75 Ba 0.25 ) 0.9 Nb 2 O 6 crystals. The different situations for internal light paths and their direct transformation at the same incident wavelength were observed. Similarities and differences between SPPC and MPPC are discussed. The dynamic features of SPPC and MPPC in different situations were also observed. Three or more four-wave-mixing interaction regions were clearly observed inside the phase conjugators. The multistep interaction and its influence on the response rate and conjugation fidelity are analyzed. The large size of the samples seems necessary to ensure an optical path that is long enough for multistep bifurcation. The stability of the light channels is discussed based on the fanning effect. copyright 1997 Optical Society of America

H+ irradiation effect in Co-doped BaFe2As2 single crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakajima, Y.; Tsuchiya, Y.; Taen, T.; Tamegai, T.; Kitamura, H.; Murakami, T.

2011-01-01

The effect of H + irradiation on the suppression of Tc in Co-doped BaFe 2 As 2 . H + irradiation introduces nonmagnetic scattering centers. Critical Scattering rate is much higher than that expected in s±-pairing scenario. We report the suppression of the critical temperature T c in single crystalline Ba(Fe 1-x Co x ) 2 As 2 at under-, optimal-, and over-doping levels by 3 MeV proton irradiation. T c decreases and residual resistivity increases monotonically with increasing the dose. The low-temperature resistivity does not show the upturn in contrast with the α-particle irradiated NdFeAs(O,F), which suggests that proton irradiation introduces nonmagnetic scattering centers. Critical scattering rates for all samples obtained by three different ways are much higher than that expected in s±-pairing scenario based on inter-band scattering due to antiferro-magnetic spin fluctuations.

Hole-doping effects on the magnetic properties of the La4Ba2Cu2O10 ferromagnet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mizuno, F.; Masuda, H.; Hirabayashi, I.; Tanaka, S.; Mochiku, T.; Asano, H.; Izumi, F.

1992-01-01

Hole-doping effects by Ba substitution for La in La 4-x Ba 2+x Cu 2 O 10 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) have been studied to explore the possibilities of its metal-insulator transition and superconductivity. We have not detected any symptoms for metal-insulator transition, but found certain evidence for the hole-doping effect. We observed the dilution effect of Cu 2+ spin by non-magnetic Cu 3+ on the ferromagnetic transition temperature and the reduction of effective magnetic moment. (orig.)

Epitaxial growth of Er, Ti doped LiNbO3 films prepared by sol-gel method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takahashi, Makoto; Yoshiga, Tsuyoshi; Kajitani, Naofumi; Takeda, Yuki; Sato, Shoji; Wakita, Koichi; Ohnishi, Naoyuki; Hotta, Kazutoshi; Kurachi, Masato

2006-01-01

Erbium (Er 3+ ) doped lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) thick films were deposited on z-cut congruent LiNbO 3 (LN) substrate by the sol-gel method from the 0.20 mol/dm 3 precursor solution containing various Er 3+ concentration and 0.10 mol/dm 3 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and their crystal characteristics were evaluated. The Er 3+ concentration in the LN film was controlled by the Er 3+ concentration in the starting solution. The orientation relationships between Er doped LN films and substrates were determined by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, and (006) oriented Er doped LN epitaxial layers with parallel epitaxial relationships could be grown on the z-cut LN wafer. Moreover, it was made clear from the electron beam diffraction measurements that the film came to be polycrystalline, when the Er concentration was over 3 mol%. The refractive index of Er-doped LN films decreased with increasing Er concentration. 1.5 mol% Ti: 1.0 mol% Er LN films, which acted as a waveguide, were prepared by our so-gel method. It showed the 1530 nm emission by 980 nm excitation, which was considered to be due to the Er 3+ corresponding to the 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 15/2 transition. (author)

Estudio del perfil de defectos y de las propiedades eléctricas de BaTiO3 dopado con Nb y La

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Castro, M. S.

2002-02-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work is to study the impact of two different and typical donor –dopants; Nb2O5 and La2O3, on the electrical properties of BaTiO3. Besides, the influence of Nb5+ and La3+ on the charge compensation mechanism was evaluated. On this way, it was determined that, the defect structure is not only affected by the dopant ion but also by its concentration. Amount of dopant also affects the electrical properties of BaTiO3 ceramics. In fact, for low Nb2O5 or La2O3 concentration, electronic compensation prevails, leading to a low – resistive material with an important PTCR effect. By EPR an increases in the oxygen vacancies with a low lanthanum addition was determined. This phenomenon could be associated to the lanthanum acceptor behavior. On the other hand, high dopant concentration leads to a high – resistive material showing GBBL characteristics. In this case, a high content of double – ionized barium vacancies able to trap electrons, and a thin glassy – phase film covering the BaTiO3 grains lead to a high – resistive material. This phenomenon encourages the hypothesis in which barium vacancies act as acceptor centers at the grain boundaries in BaTiO3 ceramics.En este trabajo, se estudia el impacto de la adición de Nb2O5 o La2O3 sobre las propiedades eléctricas de cerámicos basados en BaTiO3. Asimismo, se estudia la influencia de estos dos típicos dopantes en los mecanismos de compensación de cargas. En este sentido, se ha determinado que la estructura de defectos en el BaTiO3 no sólo se encuentra afectada por el tipo de dopante sino tambien por su concentración. En efecto, para bajas concentraciones de Nb2O5 o La2O3, predomina un mecanismo de compensación de cargas por generación de electrones. Sin embargo, los resultados de EPR muestran que la adición de una pequeña cantidad de La2O3 produce un notable incremento en la concentración de vacantes de oxígeno respecto del BaTiO3 sin dopar. Este fenómeno podr

Synthesis of Nb-doped SrTiO₃ by a modified glycine-nitrate process

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Blennow Tullmar, Peter; Kammer Hansen, Kent; Wallenberg, L.R.

2007-01-01

The objective of the present investigation was to develop a technique to synthesize submicronic particles of Nb-doped strontium titanate with a homogeneous composition. This was achieved by a modified glycine-nitrate process, using Ti-lactate, Nb-oxalate, and Sr(NO3)(2) as starting materials....... A combination of both citric acid and glycine was needed in order to integrate the useful features of both complexation and combustion natures of citric acid and glycine, respectively. The amount of citric acid, glycine, and nitrates in the starting solution, as well as the source for extra nitrates...

The effect of Mg doping on the Raman spectra of LiNbO3 crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lengyel, K.; Kovacs, L.; Peter, A.; Polgar, K.; Corradi, G.; Bourson, P.

2007-01-01

LiNbO 3 :Mg crystals doped with 0-8 mol% Mg with stoichiometric, intermediate and congruent compositions were systematically investigated by Raman spectroscopy in backscattering y(zx)y and y(zz)y geometries. The halfwidths of E(TO 3 ) - E(TO 9 ) and A 1 (TO 1 ) - A 1 (TO 4 ) bands, which have a significant composition dependence for undoped LiNbO 3 crystals, show only weak Mg-concentration dependence below the photorefractive threshold. This is a consequence of the counteracting effect of the decreasing amount of Nb ions at Li-ion sites (Nb Li ) and increasing amount of Mg ions at Li-ion sites (Mg Li ). The halfwidths of these bands, however, increase linearly with growing Mg content for samples above the threshold, irrespective of the Li/Nb ratio. The same effect was observed in the Mg dependence of the position and halfwidth of the two-phonon band at about 689 - 705 cm -1 . The change in the Mg concentration dependence of these parameters at a given Li/Nb ratio determines the same threshold value as that concluded from IR and UV spectroscopic measurements. (copyright 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Effect of MnO doping on the structure, microstructure and electrical properties of the (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O{sub 3} lead-free piezoceramics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rubio-Marcos, F., E-mail: fernando.rubio-marcos@unilim.fr [Laboratoire de Science des Procedes Ceramiques et de Traitements de Surface, UMR 6638 CNRS, Universite de Limoges, Centre Europeen de la Ceramique, 12, rue Atlantis, 87068 Limoges Cedex (France); Marchet, P. [Laboratoire de Science des Procedes Ceramiques et de Traitements de Surface, UMR 6638 CNRS, Universite de Limoges, Centre Europeen de la Ceramique, 12, rue Atlantis, 87068 Limoges Cedex (France); Vendrell, X. [Grup de Quimica de l' Estat Solid, Departament de Quimica Inorganica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona (Spain); Romero, J.J. [Electroceramic Department, Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio, CSIC, Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Remondiere, F. [Laboratoire de Science des Procedes Ceramiques et de Traitements de Surface, UMR 6638 CNRS, Universite de Limoges, Centre Europeen de la Ceramique, 12, rue Atlantis, 87068 Limoges Cedex (France); Mestres, L. [Grup de Quimica de l' Estat Solid, Departament de Quimica Inorganica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona (Spain); Fernandez, J.F. [Electroceramic Department, Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio, CSIC, Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid (Spain)

2011-09-01

Highlights: {center_dot} MnO doping effects on structure and properties of (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O{sub 3} piezoceramics. {center_dot} The structure changes towards an orthorhombic symmetry for higher MnO concentrations. {center_dot} High doping levels induce a tetragonal tungsten-bronze secondary phase. {center_dot} Mn{sup 2+} doping modifies the phase transition temperature and the piezoelectric properties. {center_dot} Manganese doping increases the mechanical quality factor Q{sub m}. - Abstract: Mn{sup 2+}-doped (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O{sub 3} lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have been prepared by a conventional sintering technique. The effects of Mn{sup 2+} doping on the phase structure, microstructure and ferro-piezoelectric properties of the ceramics have been evaluated. MnO doping modifies the (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O{sub 3} structure, giving rise to the appearance of a TTB-like secondary phase and to changes on the orthorhombic to tetragonal phase transition temperature. The modification of this temperature induces a reduction of the piezoelectric constants, which is accompanied by an increase on the mechanical quality factor. Mn{sup 2+} ions incorporate into the perovskite structure in different off ways depending on their concentration.

High dielectric constant observed in (1 − x)Ba(Zr{sub 0.07}Ti{sub 0.93})O{sub 3}–xBa(Fe{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5})O{sub 3} binary solid-solution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kruea-In, Chatchai [Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand); Eitssayeam, Sukum; Pengpat, Kamonpan [Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand); Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand); Rujijanagul, Gobwute, E-mail: rujijanagul@yahoo.com [Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand); Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand)

2012-10-15

Binary solid-solutions of the (1 − x)Ba(Zr{sub 0.07}Ti{sub 0.93})O{sub 3}–xBa(Fe{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}O{sub 3}) system, with 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.9,were fabricated via a solid-state processing technique. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all samples exhibited a single perovskite phase. The BaFe{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} also promoted densification and grain growth of the system. Dielectric measurements showed that all samples displayed a relaxor like behavior. The x = 0.1 sample presented a dielectric-frequency and temperature with low loss tangent (<0.07 at 10 kHz). For x > 0.2 samples, the dielectric data showed a broad dielectric constant–temperature curve with a giant dielectric characteristic. In addition, a high dielectric constant > 50,000 (at 10 kHz and temperature > 150 °C) was observed for the x = 0.9 sample.

Andreev Reflection Spectroscopy of Nb-doped Bi2Se3 Topological Insulator

Science.gov (United States)

Kurter, C.; Finck, A. D. K.; Qiu, Y.; Huemiller, E.; Weis, A.; Atkinson, J.; Medvedeva, J.; Hor, Y. S.; van Harlingen, D. J.

2015-03-01

Doped topological insulators are speculated to realize p-wave superconductivity with unusual low energy quasiparticles, such as surface Andreev bound states. We present point contact spectroscopy of thin exfoliated flakes of Nb-doped Bi2Se3 where superconductivity persists up to ~ 1 K, compared to 3.2 K in bulk crystals. The critical magnetic field is strongly anisotropic, consistent with quasi-2D behavior. Andreev reflection measurements of devices with low resistance contacts result in prominent BTK-like behavior with an enhanced conductance plateau at low bias. For high resistance contacts, we observe a split zero bias conductance anomaly and additional features at the superconducting gap. Our results suggest that this material is a promising platform for studying topological superconductivity. We acknowledge support from Microsoft Project Q.

The effect of the ferroelectric domain walls in the scanning near field optical microscopy response of periodically poled Ba2NaNb5O15 and LiNbO3 crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han, T P J; Jaque, F; Lamela, J; Jaque, D; Lifante, G; Cusso, F; Kamiskii, A A

2009-01-01

A study of Ba 2 NaNb 5 O 15 and LiNbO 3 crystals with periodic ferroelectric domain structures using the scanning near field optical microscopy technique is reported. Optical contrast is observed in the regions of ferroelectric domain boundaries and it is analysed using beam propagation method modelling. This reveals that the optical contrast, a consequence of changes in the refractive index, is not due to variation of the waveguide-coupling efficiency, and supports the hypothesis that it is associated with the domain array, which is related to the size of the domain. (fast track communication)

Effect of annealing on the superconducting and normal state properties of the doped multifilamentary Cu-Nb composite wires prepared by in situ technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dubey, S.S.; Dheer, P.N.

1999-01-01

The effect of annealing on the superconducting and normal state properties of the Ga-, In-, Ti- and Zr-doped (1 wt%) Cu-Nb composite wires prepared by in situ technique have been investigated in this paper. The wires annealed at 700 C for 10 h and then quenched at room temperature, show a decrease in the superconducting transition temperature, T c , and increase in the transition width, ΔT. Doping of the Cu-Nb wires causes an increase in the normal state resistivity and hence the upper critical field, H C2 . This results in a significant increase of J c . Annealing of these doped samples decreases H C2 and J c . In the case of In- and Ga-doped samples J c shows a marginal improvement at lower field but decreases at higher field. Zr and Ti doping appears to be beneficial for the improved J c in these in situ materials. (orig.)

Thermal, defects, mechanical and spectral properties of Nd-doped GdNbO{sub 4} laser crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ding, Shoujun [Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei, Anhui Province (China); University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei (China); Zhang, Qingli; Luo, Jianqiao; Liu, Wenpeng; Wang, Xiaofei; Sun, Guihua; Li, Xiuli; Sun, Dunlu [Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei, Anhui Province (China)

2017-05-15

A Nd-doped GdNbO{sub 4} crystal was grown successfully by Czochralski method. Its monoclinic structure was determined by X-ray diffraction; the unit-cell parameters are a = 5.38 Aa, b = 11.09 Aa, c = 5.11 Aa, and β = 94.56 . The morphological defects of Nd:GdNbO{sub 4} crystal were investigated using the chemical etching with the phosphoric acid etchant. For a new crystal, the physical properties are of great importance. The hardness and density of Nd:GdNbO{sub 4} were investigated first. Thermal properties of Nd:GdNbO{sub 4}, including thermal expansion coefficient and specific heat, were measured along a-, b-, and c-crystalline axes. Thermal properties indicate that the Nd:GdNbO{sub 4} pumped along c-axis can reduce the thermal lensing effect effectively. The specific heat is 0.53 J g{sup -1} K{sup -1} at 300 K, indicating a relatively high damage threshold of Nd:GdNbO{sub 4}. The transmission and emission spectrum of Nd:GdNbO{sub 4} were measured, and the absorption peaks were assigned. The strongest emission peak of Nd:GdNbO{sub 4} is located at 1065.3 nm in the spectral range of 850-1420 nm excited by 808 nm laser. The refractive index of Nd:GdNbO{sub 4} was calculated with the transmission spectrum and fitted with Sellmeier equation. All these obtained results is of great significance for the further research of Nd:GdNbO{sub 4}. (orig.)

Deposition of boron doped DLC films on TiNb and characterization of their mechanical properties and blood compatibility.

Science.gov (United States)

Liza, Shahira; Hieda, Junko; Akasaka, Hiroki; Ohtake, Naoto; Tsutsumi, Yusuke; Nagai, Akiko; Hanawa, Takao

2017-01-01

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) material is used in blood contacting devices as the surface coating material because of the antithrombogenicity behavior which helps to inhibit platelet adhesion and activation. In this study, DLC films were doped with boron during pulsed plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to improve the blood compatibility. The ratio of boron to carbon (B/C) was varied from 0 to 0.4 in the film by adjusting the flow rate of trimethylboron and acetylene. Tribological tests indicated that boron doping with a low B/C ratio of 0.03 is beneficial for reducing friction (μ = 0.1), lowering hardness and slightly increasing wear rate compared to undoped DLC films. The B/C ratio in the film of 0.03 and 0.4 exhibited highly hydrophilic surface owing to their high wettability and high surface energy. An in vitro platelet adhesion experiment was conducted to compare the blood compatibility of TiNb substrates before and after coating with undoped and boron doped DLC. Films with highly hydrophilic surface enhanced the blood compatibility of TiNb, and the best results were obtained for DLC with the B/C ratio of 0.03. Boron doped DLC films are promising surface coatings for blood contacting devices.

Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of rare earth Yb-doped Ba8−xYbxSi30Ga16 clathrates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Lihua; Li, Feng; Wei, Yuping; Chen, Ning; Bi, Shanli; Qiu, Hongmei; Cao, Guohui; Li, Yang

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Samples with the chemical formula Ba8− x Yb x Si 30 Ga 16 (x = 0, 0.5, 0.7, 1 and 1.5) were prepared. • Some Yb atoms enter the clathrate lattice to replace Ba, while other Yb atoms are oxidized as Yb 2 O 3 . • The thermal conductivity decreases with Yb-doping. • Thermoelectric figure of merit ZT significantly increased. -- Abstract: The potential thermoelectric and magnetic application of clathrate materials with rare-earth doping is the focus of much of the recent research activity in the synthetic material physics and chemistry. A series of clathrate samples with the chemical formula Ba 8−x Yb x Si 30 Ga 16 (x = 0, 0.5, 0.7, 1 and 1.5) were prepared by combining arc melting, ball milling and spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques. X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed the dominant phase to be the type-I clathrate. Whereas, X-ray structural refinement and EDS analysis indicated that some Yb atoms enter the clathrate lattice to replace Ba at 2a sites, while other Yb atoms are oxidized as Yb 2 O 3 precipitated around grain boundaries. The solid solubility of Yb into clathrate lattice yielded x ∼ 0.3. Comparative analysis between Yb-doped and Yb-free clathrates showed that the thermal conductivity decreases with Yb-doping. Consequently, thermoelectric figure of merit ZT significantly increased

Magnetic and dielectric properties of alkaline earth Ca2+ and Ba2+ ions co-doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, C.; Liu, C.Z.; Wang, C.M.; Zhang, W.G.; Jiang, J.S.

2012-01-01

Ca 2+ and Ba 2+ ions co-doped BiFeO 3 nanoparticles, Bi 0.8 Ca 0.2−x Ba x FeO 3 (x=0–0.20), were prepared by a sol–gel method. The phase structure, grain size, dielectric and magnetic properties of the prepared samples were investigated. The results showed that the lattice structure of the nanoparticles transformed from rhombohedral (x=0) to orthorhombic (x=0.07–0.19) and then to tetragonal (x=0.20) with x increased. The dielectric properties of the nanoparticles were affected by the properties of the substitutional ions as well as the crystalline structure of the samples. The magnetic properties of the nanoparticles were greatly improved and the T N of the nanoparticles was obviously increased. All the Ca 2+ and Ba 2+ ions co-doped BiFeO 3 nanoparticles presented the high ratio of M r /M from 0.527 to 0.571 and large coercivity from 4.335 to 5.163 KOe. - Highlights: ► Ca 2+ and Ba 2+ ions co-doped BiFeO 3 nanoparticles were prepared using a sol–gel method. ► The magnetic properties of the nanoparticles are greatly improved. ► The Neel temperature (T N ) of the nanoparticles is greatly increased. ► Doped ions and crystal structure affect the dielectric properties of the nanoparticles.

Electric controlling of surface metal-insulator transition in the doped BaTiO3 film

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wei Xun

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Based on first-principles calculations, the BaTiO3(BTO film with local La-doping is studied. For a selected concentration and position of doping, the surface metal-insulator transition occurs under the applied electric field, and the domain appears near the surface for both bipolar states. Furthermore, for the insulated surface state, i.e., the downward polarization state in the doped film, the gradient bandgap structure is achieved, which favors the absorption of solar energy. Our investigation can provide an alternative avenue in modification of surface property and surface screening effect in polar materials.

Reverse micellar synthesis, structural characterization and dielectric properties of Sr-doped BaZrO_3 nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahmad, Tokeer; Ubaidullah, Mohd; Shahazad, Mohd; Kumar, Dinesh; Al-Hartomy, Omar A.

2017-01-01

Sr-doped BaZrO_3 nanoparticles with strontium content varying from 5 to 20 mol % were successfully synthesized by reverse micellar method at 900 °C for the first time. Systematic studies have been carried out to establish the structural and electrical properties of the as prepared nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, BET surface area and dielectric measurements. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of monophasic and highly crystalline nanoparticles which could be indexed in cubic BaZrO_3 with contraction of lattice on strontium substitution. A monotonic shift of diffraction pattern towards higher angel confirms the formation of solid solutions of Ba_1_−_xSr_xZrO_3 (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) which was corroborating well with lattice parameter studies. Transmission electron microscopic studies showed the formation of cubic, spherical and hexagonal nanoparticles with an average grain size of 40–65 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic studies confirmed the presence of dopant (Sr"2"+) in the BaZrO_3 matrix and estimated chemical species corroborate well with the loaded composition. Specific surface area of the solid solution comes out to be in the range of 104–244 m"2 g"-"1. Smallest particle of size 40 nm shows highest surface area 244 m"2 g"-"1 for 20 mol% Sr-doped BaZrO_3. Dielectric and impedance studies were also carried out as a function of frequency and temperature to explore the electrical properties of Sr-doped BaZrO_3. The dielectric constant of Ba_1_−_xSr_xZrO_3 (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) was found to be in the range of 13–25 for x = 0.05 to x = 0.20 with nearly similar dielectric loss of the order of 0.02. The conductance increases linearly with increase in frequency at room temperature, however the impedance has an inverse effect. - Highlights: • Monophasic nanocrystalline Ba_1_−_xSr_xZrO_3 at low dopant concentration using reverse micelles for the first

Electrical and magnetic properties of 0-3 Ba(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3/PVDF composites

Science.gov (United States)

Ranjan, Hars; Mahto, Uttam K.; Chandra, K. P.; Kulkarni, A. R.; Prasad, A.; Prasad, K.

Lead-free Ba(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3/PVDF 0-3 composites were fabricated using melt-mixing technique. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dielectric, impedance, ac conductivity, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and vibrating sample magnetometer studies were undertaken to characterize the samples. Average crystallite size of the Ba(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 powder, estimated using Williamson-Hall approach, was found to be ˜42nm. The filler particles of ˜0.5-1μm were found to disperse in the polymer matrix of all the composites. Filler concentration-dependent values of real and imaginary parts of complex permittivity showed increasing trend and were seen to follow Bruggeman and Furukawa equations. The data for ac conductivity exhibited negative temperature coefficient of resistance character of the test materials and were found to obey Jonscher’s power law. The correlated barrier hopping model was found to explain satisfactorily the mechanism of charge transport occurring in the system. MFM confirmed the presence of magnetic phases in the composites. Typical magnetization versus applied field curves indicated the possibility of magnetoelectric coupling in the system. Hence, the present composites have shown themselves as potential multi-functional candidate materials for use in high density data storage applications.

Structural evolution and electrical properties of BaTiO{sub 3} doped with Gd{sup 3+}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hernandez Lara, Juan Pablo; Perez Labra, Miguel; Barrientos Hernandez, Francisco Raul, E-mail: miguelabra@hotmail.com [Autonomous University of Hidalgo (Mexico); Romero Serrano, Jose Antonio; Hernandez Ramirez, Aurelio [Metallurgy and Materials Department, ESIQIE-IPN, UPALM, Zacatenco (Mexico); Avila Davila, Erika Osiris [Mechanical Engineering Department, Technological Institute of Pachuca, Hidalgo (Mexico); Thangarasu, Pandiyan [Facultad de Quimica, UNAM, Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2017-03-15

BaTiO{sub 3} doped with Gd{sup 3+} (Ba{sub 1-x}Gd{sub x}Ti{sub 1-x/4}O{sub 3}) was synthesized using the solid-state reaction method with x = 0.001, 0.003, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, and 0.35 Gd{sup 3+} (wt. %). The powders were decarbonated at 900 °C and sintered at 1400 °C for 8 hours. The tetragonality of the synthesized Gd{sup 3+}-doped BaTiO{sub 3} particles was analyzed. XRD patterns and Raman spectra revealed that the crystal phase of the obtained particles was predominately tetragonal BaTiO{sub 3}; the intensity of the Raman bands at 205 cm{sup -1}, 265 cm{sup -1}, and 304 cm{sup -1} decreased when Gd'3{sup +} was increased. A secondary phase (Gd{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7}) was found when the Gd{sup 3+} content was higher than 0.15 wt. %. The capacitance of the sintering pellets was measured at 1 kHz; these values were used to calculate the relative permittivity, the maximum permittivity values were recorded for the samples with x = 0.001, 0.005, and 0.1. (author)

Optical temperature sensing by upconversion luminescence of Er doped Bi5TiNbWO15ferroelectric materials

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hua Zou

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The Er3+ doped Bi5TiNbWO15 ceramics have been synthesized using conventional solid-state reaction techniques. The crystal structure, ferroelectric properties, UC emission properties and especially the temperature sensing behaviors were systematically studied. With increasing Er3+ content, the investigation of XRD pattern, the ferroelectric loop and the UC emission indicated that the Er3+ ions dopants preferentially substituted the A sites of Bi3TiNbO9 and then Bi2WO6. Based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR technique, the observed results implied the ceramics were promising candidates for temperature sensors in the temperature range of 175 K −550 K. More importantly, this study provided a contrast of temperature sensitivity between emission from the same part (Bi3TiNbO9 in bismuth layered-structure and emission from the different part (Bi3TiNbO9 and Bi2WO6 in bismuth layered-structure for the first time.

Valence determination as a function of doping in $PrBa_{2} Cu_{3} O_{7}$

CERN Document Server

Staub, U; Wasserman, S R; Conner, A G O; Kramer, M J; Patterson, B D; Shi, M; Knapp, M P

2000-01-01

We present results of X-ray absorption near edge spectra (XANES), neutron powder diffraction, and resonant X-ray diffraction on samples of PrBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7- delta / and Pr/sub 1-x/Ca/sub x/Ba /sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/. The data are obtained as a function of the doping levels of oxygen and Ca. There are significant changes in the Pr L/sub 3/ XANES spectra with changes in oxygen or Ca concentrations, indicating that the Pr electronic properties are affected by doping. The resonant X-ray scattering experiments show that the changes observed occur on Pr ions incorporated in the PrBa /sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7- delta / structure, and are not the result of changes to a Pr-containing impurity phase. A quantitative model, based on literature precedent, is used to extract Pr valences from the data, although the XANES cannot distinguish between models involving charge transfer and those involving hybridization. The results are compared with data obtained from Pb/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Pr/sub 1-x/Ca/sub x/Cu/sub 3/O/sub ...

Characterization and Luminescence Properties of Color-Tunable Dy3+-Doped BaY2ZnO5 Nanophosphors

Science.gov (United States)

Sonika; Khatkar, S. P.; Khatkar, Avni; Kumar, Rajesh; Taxak, V. B.

2015-01-01

Dy3+-doped BaY2ZnO5 nanophosphors were successfully synthesized by use of a solution combustion process. The effects of sintering temperature and dysprosium concentration on the structural and luminescence characteristics of the phosphors were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of pure orthorhombic BaY2ZnO5 with the space group Pbnm at 1100°C. Morphological investigation revealed spherical nanoparticles with smooth surfaces. The luminescence features of the nanophosphor were studied by use of photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and photoluminescence emission (PL), with luminescence decay curves and color ( x, y) coordinates. On excitation at 355 nm, BaY2ZnO5 nanophosphor doped with trivalent dysprosium ion emits white light as a mixture of blue (4F9/2 → 6H15/2) and yellow (4F9/2 → 6H13/2) emission. Concentration quenching is explained on the basis of cross-relaxation between intermediate Dy3+ states. Thus, BaY2ZnO5:Dy3+ nanophosphor may be suitable for producing efficient white light for ultraviolet-light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs), fluorescent lamps, and a variety of optical display panels.

Textured and tungsten-bronze-niobate-doped (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta)O3 piezoceramic materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Soller, Thomas; Bathelt, Robert; Benkert, Katrin; Bodinger, Hermann; Schuh, Carsten; Schlenkrich, Falko

2010-01-01

In this study, the effects of an alkaline-earth niobate doping in tungsten-bronze (TB) stoichiometry on the piezoelectric properties and the phase transition temperatures of lead-free (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta)O 3 ceramics were investigated. In particular, the TB compounds barium niobate (BN), barium sodium niobate (BNN) and strontium calcium sodium niobate (SCNN) were investigated. The TB-modified ceramics show promising piezoelectric properties with large-signal piezo coefficients, d 33 * lose to 400 pm/V, planar coupling coefficients, k p , up to 0.45 and Curie temperatures of approximately 310 .deg. C. In addition, the effect of texturing on the undoped (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta)O 3 base composition via templated grain growth (TGG) with microcrystalline NaNbO 3 templates was examined. Lotgering factors up to 81% and strain enhancements by a factor 1.5 with large-signal values of d 33 * up to 550 pm/V could be achieved in the textured samples.

Optical and structural characterization of the pure and doped BaY2F8 with rare earths for application in radiation detectors and scintillators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mello, Ana Carolina Santana de

2008-01-01

In this work Barium Yttrium Fluoride (BaY 2 F 8 -BaYF) doped with different concentrations of ions Tb 3+ , Er 3+ , Tm 3+ e Nd 3+ were characterized, aiming the application in radiation detection devices that use the scintillating properties. Two types of samples were produced in the CLA-IPEN-SP, polycrystalline samples, obtained via solid state reaction of BaF 2 and YF 3 under HF atmosphere, and single crystals, obtained via the zone melting method also in a HF atmosphere. The samples were characterized using the following experimental techniques: X-ray powder diffraction, Radioluminescence (RL), Optical Absorption and Dispersive X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (DXAS). The X-ray diffraction pattern showed the presence of the phase BaY 2 F 8 and a small amount of the phase Ba 4 Y 3 F 17 in the polycrystalline pure and Tb 3+ doped samples. The other samples showed only the desired BaY 2 F 8 phase. The radioluminescence measurements of the doped BaYF, when irradiated with X-rays, showed emission peaks in energies that are characteristics of the 4f-4f transitions of rare earths. The RL of the samples with 2 mol por cent and 3 mold of Tb 3+ showed quite intense peaks with a maximum emission peak at 545 nm. The Tm 3+ doped BYF showed that the scintillation efficiency is not directly proportional to the doping level, and the highest RL emission were obtained for the polycrystalline samples doped with 1 mol por cent, showing a maximum peak intensity at 456 nm (the blue region of the visible spectrum). All samples showed a phosphorescent decay time of the order of seconds. Single crystals of BaYF doped with 2 mol por cent of Er 3+ , in addition to one of the highest phosphorescence time, presents a quite strong Rl in the green region of the spectra. The radiation damage was evaluated by the optical absorption techniques and the results showed that the formation of the absorption bands can be connected to colors centers generated by radiation in the matrix. Measurements of

Electronic Structure of the Double Perovskite Ba2Er(Nb,Sb)O6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rebaza, A V Gil; Toro, C E Deluque; Téllez, D A Landínez; Roa-Rojas, J

2014-01-01

In this work, we present a detailed study of the structural and the electronic structure of the double perovskite Ba 2 Er(Nb,Sb)O 6 . All calculations were performed with the Full-Potential Linear Augmented Plane Wave method (FP-LAPW) based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT). From the minimization of energy as a function of volume using the Murnaghan's state equation has been obtained the equilibrium lattice parameter and the bulk modulus of these compounds. The study of the electronic structure was based in the analysis of the electronic density of states (DOS), and the density of charge, showing that these compounds have a total magnetic moment of 3.0 μ B per formula unit due to Er atoms

Phase transitions and electrical characterizations of (K 0.5Na 0.5) 2x(Sr 0.6Ba 0.4) 5-xNb 10O 30 (KNSBN) ceramics with 'unfilled' and 'filled' tetragonal tungsten-bronze (TTB) crystal structure

KAUST Repository

Yao, Yingbang

2012-12-01

Alkali-doped strontium barium niobate (K 0.5Na 0.5) 2x(Sr 0.6Ba 0.4) 5-xNb 10O 30 (KNSBN) ceramics has been prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method. The alkali-dopant concentration x has been varied from 0.24 to 1.15 so that the crystal structure was transformed from \\'unfilled\\' to \\'filled\\' tetragonal tungsten-bronze (TTB) structure. Apart from the change in the structural properties, the effects of the alkali-dopants on the phase transition as well as ferroelectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties have also been investigated. Phase transitions have been studied in the temperature range of -200°C to 350°C. The origins of these phase transitions are discussed. The addition of the alkali-dopants enhances the ferroelectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of the KNSBN ceramics. Alkali-doping also favors abnormal grain growth and thus results in a porous microstructure, which might contribute to the enhancement of the pyroelectric performance. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Phase transitions and electrical characterizations of (K 0.5Na 0.5) 2x(Sr 0.6Ba 0.4) 5-xNb 10O 30 (KNSBN) ceramics with 'unfilled' and 'filled' tetragonal tungsten-bronze (TTB) crystal structure

KAUST Repository

Yao, Yingbang; Mak, C. L.; Ploss, Bernd

2012-01-01

Alkali-doped strontium barium niobate (K 0.5Na 0.5) 2x(Sr 0.6Ba 0.4) 5-xNb 10O 30 (KNSBN) ceramics has been prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method. The alkali-dopant concentration x has been varied from 0.24 to 1.15 so that the crystal structure was transformed from 'unfilled' to 'filled' tetragonal tungsten-bronze (TTB) structure. Apart from the change in the structural properties, the effects of the alkali-dopants on the phase transition as well as ferroelectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties have also been investigated. Phase transitions have been studied in the temperature range of -200°C to 350°C. The origins of these phase transitions are discussed. The addition of the alkali-dopants enhances the ferroelectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of the KNSBN ceramics. Alkali-doping also favors abnormal grain growth and thus results in a porous microstructure, which might contribute to the enhancement of the pyroelectric performance. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

On the photo-luminescence properties of sol–gel derived undoped and Dy3+ ion doped nanocrystalline Scheelite type AMoO4 (A = Ca, Sr and Ba)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jena, Paramananda; Gupta, Santosh K.; Natarajan, V.; Padmaraj, O.; Satyanarayana, N.; Venkateswarlu, M.

2015-01-01

Nanocrystalline Scheelite type Dy doped AMoO 4 [where A = Ba, Sr and Ca] samples were prepared by acrylamide assisted sol–gel process and characterized by XRD, FT-Raman, FTIR, SEM and photoluminescence (PL). PL of undoped sample shows blue/green emission in CaMoO 4 and SrMoO 4 but multicolour visible emission leading to near white light in BaMoO 4 nanoparticles; the origin of which is explained. It was observed that on doping 0.5 mol% of Dy 3+ in molybdate samples complete energy transfer takes place in case of SrMoO 4 and BaMoO 4 , but host contributed substantially in Dy doped BaMoO 4 sample, resulting in biexponential decay. It was also observed that symmetry around Dy 3+ decreases as the size of alkaline earth ion increases. Due to combined blue, yellow and red colour emission in dysprosium doped sample; all samples showed near white light emission under UV and near UV excitation

Sintering and Electrical Characterization of La and Nb Co‐doped SrTiO3 Electrode Materials for Solid Oxide Cell Applications

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sudireddy, Bhaskar Reddy; Agersted, Karsten

2014-01-01

Single‐phase lanthanum and niobium co‐doped strontium titanate (Sr1–3x/2LaxTi0.9Nb0.1O3; x = 0–0.02) ceramics were prepared. Dilatometry in reducing atmosphere showed an increase in the sintering rate and sintered density with an increase in La amount. Microscopy of fractured surfaces of sintered...... samples showed that the average grain size increased drastically in reducing conditions with increasing La content (and associated A‐site vacancies). By incorporating 2 mol.% La, the electronic conductivity significantly improved from 80 to 135 S cm−1 at 1,000 °C, and even larger improvements were...... observed at lower temperatures. These observations demonstrate the flexibility in tailoring the microstructure and electronic transport properties by doping small amounts of La into the Nb‐doped SrTiO3 and show that Sr1–3x/2LaxTi0.9Nb0.1O3 is a potential electrode material for solid oxide cells....

Structural and dielectric studies of Ce doped BaSnO3 perovskite nanostructures

Science.gov (United States)

Angel, S. Lilly; Deepa, K.; Rajamanickam, N.; Jayakumar, K.; Ramachandran, K.

2018-04-01

Undoped and Cerium (Ce) doped BaSnO3(BSO) nanostructures were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The cubic structure and perovskite phase were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallite size of BSO is 41nm and when Ce ion concentration is increased, the crystallite sizesdecreased. The nanocube, nanocuboids and nanorods are observed from SEM analysis. The purity of the undoped and doped samples are confirmed by EDS spectrum. For larger defects, wide band gap was obtained from UV-Vis and PL spectrum. The dielectric constants are increased at low frequencies when Ce impurities are introduced in the BSO matrix at Sn site.

Adsorption-controlled growth of La-doped BaSnO3 by molecular-beam epitaxy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hanjong Paik

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Epitaxial La-doped BaSnO3 films were grown in an adsorption-controlled regime by molecular-beam epitaxy, where the excess volatile SnOx desorbs from the film surface. A film grown on a (001 DyScO3 substrate exhibited a mobility of 183 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature and 400 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 10 K despite the high concentration (1.2 × 1011 cm−2 of threading dislocations present. In comparison to other reports, we observe a much lower concentration of (BaO2 Ruddlesden-Popper crystallographic shear faults. This suggests that in addition to threading dislocations, other defects—possibly (BaO2 crystallographic shear defects or point defects—significantly reduce the electron mobility.

Computational Study of Nb-Doped-SnO₂/Pt Interfaces: Dopant Segregation, Electronic Transport, and Catalytic Properties

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fu, Qiang; Halck, Niels Bendtsen; Hansen, Heine Anton

2017-01-01

functional theory and non equilibrium Green's function study, we investigate the Nb segregation at Pt/NTO interfaces under operational electrochemical conditions, and reveal the resulting effects on the electronic transport, as well as the catalytic properties. We find that the Nb dopants tend to aggregate......Carbon black, a state-of-the-art cathode material for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), suffers from severe corrosion in practical applications. Niobium-doped tin dioxide (NTO) is a promising alternative to support the Pt catalysts at the cathodes. Here, through a combined density....... The electronic conductivities of the Pt/NTO systems are not particularly sensitive to the distance of the Nb dopants relative to the interface, but depend explicitly on the Nb concentration and configuration. Through a dopant induced ligand effect, the NTO substrates can improve the catalytic activity of the Pt...

Fabrication and studies of microstructure and mechanical properties of Ba2MgNbO5,5 ceramics for application in the petroleum industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliveira, J.C. da S.; Ferreira, R.A.S.; Yadava, Y.P.

2011-01-01

The present work aims at the elaboration of a ceramic complex perovskite ceramic components for temperature sensors for oil wells, as well as the study of microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of ceramics Ba 2 MgNbO 5,5 . The manufacture of pottery Ba 2 MgNbO 5,5 was performed using a thermo-mechanical and solid-state sintering. The pellets of compressed green were calcined for 24 hours at a temperature of 1200°C and then crushed with the help of a set pistil / agate mortar. The resulting powder was compacted and new pellets were sintered at a temperature of 1250°C. Basic studies of stability of ceramics sintered in the environment of crude oil, from onshore wells and the sea, the state of Sergipe in northeastern Brazil. The test results showed that the ceramic is inert to crude oil and can be used to produce ceramic components for the oil industry. (author)

Synthesis strategies for improving the performance of doped-BaZrO 3 materials in solid oxide fuel cell applications

KAUST Repository

Bi, Lei

2013-08-07

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer an efficient energy conversion technology for alleviating current energy problems. High temperature proton-conducting (HTPC) oxides are promising electrolytes for this technology, since their activation energy is lower than that of conventional oxygen-ion conductors, enabling the operating temperature reduction at 600 °C. Among HTPC oxides, doped BaZrO3 materials possess high chemical stability, needed for practical applications. Though, poor sinterability and the resulting large volume of highly resistive grain boundaries hindered their deployment for many years. Nonetheless, the recently demonstrated high proton conductivity of the bulk revived the attention on doped BaZrO3, stimulating research on solving the sintering issues. The proper selection of dopants and sintering aids was demonstrated to be successful for improving the BaZrO3 electrolyte sinterability. We here briefly review the synthesis strategies proposed for preparing BaZrO3-based nanostructured powders for electrolyte and electrodes, with the aim to improve the SOFC performance. © Materials Research Society 2013.

Piezoelectric properties and temperature stability of Mn-doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-PbZrO3-PbTiO3 textured ceramics

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Yongke; Cho, Kyung-Hoon; Priya, Shashank

2012-03-01

In this letter, we report the electromechanical properties of textured 0.4Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.25PbZrO3-0.35PbTiO3 (PMN-PZT) composition which has relatively high rhombohedral to tetragonal (R-T) transition temperature (TR-T of 160 °C) and Curie temperature (TC of 234 °C) and explore the effect of Mn-doping on this composition. It was found that MnO2-doped textured PMN-PZT ceramics with 5 vol. % BaTiO3 template (T-5BT) exhibited inferior temperature stability. The coupling factor (k31) of T-5BT ceramic started to degrade from 75 °C while the random counterpart showed a very stable tendency up to 180 °C. This degradation was associated with the "interface region" formed in the vicinity of BT template. MnO2 doped PMN-PZT ceramics textured with 3 vol. % BT and subsequently poled at 140 °C (T-3BT140) exhibited very stable and high k31 (>0.53) in a wide temperature range from room temperature to 130 °C through reduction in the interface region volume. Further, the T-3BT140 ceramic exhibited excellent hard and soft combinatory piezoelectric properties of d33 = 720 pC/N, k31 = 0.53, Qm = 403, tan δ = 0.3% which are very promising for high power and magnetoelectric applications.

Thickness-dependent photovoltaic effects in miscut Nb-doped SrTiO3 single crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yue Zengji; Zhao Kun; Zhao Songqing; Lu Zhiqing; Li Xiaoming; Ni Hao; Wang Aijun

2010-01-01

The photovoltaic effects of Nb-doped SrTiO 3 single crystals with different thicknesses were investigated under the illumination of ultraviolet pulsed lasers. The peak photovoltage increased and then decreased quickly with the decrease in crystal thickness, and a maximum photovoltage occurred for the 180 μm-thick crystal. The photovoltaic response time decreased monotonically with decreasing crystal thickness. The present results suggested the promising potential of reducing crystal thickness in high sensitivity detectors with fast response.

High power Nb-doped LiFePO4 Li-ion battery cathodes; pilot-scale synthesis and electrochemical properties

Science.gov (United States)

Johnson, Ian D.; Blagovidova, Ekaterina; Dingwall, Paul A.; Brett, Dan J. L.; Shearing, Paul R.; Darr, Jawwad A.

2016-09-01

High power, phase-pure Nb-doped LiFePO4 (LFP) nanoparticles are synthesised using a pilot-scale continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis process (production rate of 6 kg per day) in the range 0.01-2.00 at% Nb with respect to total transition metal content. EDS analysis suggests that Nb is homogeneously distributed throughout the structure. The addition of fructose as a reagent in the hydrothermal flow process, followed by a post synthesis heat-treatment, affords a continuous graphitic carbon coating on the particle surfaces. Electrochemical testing reveals that cycling performance improves with increasing dopant concentration, up to a maximum of 1.0 at% Nb, for which point a specific capacity of 110 mAh g-1 is obtained at 10 C (6 min for the charge or discharge). This is an excellent result for a high power cathode LFP based material, particularly when considering the synthesis was performed on a large pilot-scale apparatus.

Conduction band edge effective mass of La-doped BaSnO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

James Allen, S., E-mail: allen@itst.ucsb.edu; Law, Ka-Ming [Physics Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5100 (United States); Raghavan, Santosh; Schumann, Timo; Stemmer, Susanne [Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050 (United States)

2016-06-20

BaSnO{sub 3} has attracted attention as a promising material for applications requiring wide band gap, high electron mobility semiconductors, and moreover possesses the same perovskite crystal structure as many functional oxides. A key parameter for these applications and for the interpretation of its properties is the conduction band effective mass. We measure the plasma frequency of La-doped BaSnO{sub 3} thin films by glancing incidence, parallel-polarized resonant reflectivity. Using the known optical dielectric constant and measured electron density, the resonant frequency determines the band edge electron mass to be 0.19 ± 0.01. The results allow for testing band structure calculations and transport models.

Efficient conversion from UV light to near-IR emission in Yb{sup 3+}-doped triple-layered perovskite CaLaNb{sub 3}O{sub 10}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lu, Yuting; Li, Yuze; Qin, Lin; Huang, Yanlin [College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 (China); Qin, Chuanxiang, E-mail: qinchuanxiang@suda.edu.cn [College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 (China); Tsuboi, Taiju [Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio-Electronics & Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816 (China); Huang, Wei, E-mail: wei-huang@njtech.edu.cn [Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio-Electronics & Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816 (China)

2015-04-15

Graphical abstract: CaRNb{sub 3}O{sub 10} is a self-activated oxide due to charge transfer transition in octahedral NbO{sub 6} groups. CaLaNb{sub 3}O{sub 10}:Yb{sup 3+} presents intense IR emission due to the cooperative energy transfer from host (NbO{sub 6}) to Yb{sup 3+} is responsible. It could be expected to be potentially applicable for enhancing photovoltaic conversion efficiency of Si-based solar cells. - Abstract: Yb{sup 3+}-doped triple-layered perovskite CaLaNb{sub 3}O{sub 10} micro-particles were synthesized via the solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure and morphology of the polycrystalline samples were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements, respectively. The reflectance spectra, photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra, the decay curves, and the absolute quantum efficiency (QE) of the near-infrared (NIR) emission (910–1100 nm) were measured. Under excitation of UV light, Yb{sup 3+}-doped perovskite shows an intense NIR emission attributed to the {sup 2}F{sub 5/2} → {sup 2}F{sub 7/2} transitions of Yb{sup 3+} ions, which could match maximum spectral response of a Si-based solar cell. This is beneficial for its possible application in an enhancement of the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of solar energy utilization. The efficient energy transfer in Yb{sup 3+}-doped CaLaNb{sub 3}O{sub 10} from NbO{sub 6} groups into Yb{sup 3+} ions was confirmed by the spectra and fluorescent decay measurements. Cooperative energy transfer (CET) was supposed to be the NIR emission mechanism.

Internal friction and Young's modulus measurements in Zr-2.5Nb alloy doped with hydrogen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ritchie, I.G.; Pan, Z.-L.

1992-01-01

The presence of hydrides is an important factor in assessing the potential for delayed hydride cracking in Zr-2.5Nb alloys, and consequently, the terminal solid solubility (TSS) of hydrogen in the material is an important parameter. In pure zirconium doped with hydrogen, the TSS is marked by a dissolution peak of internal friction on heating and a truncated precipitation peak associated with hydride nucleation on cooling. These phenomena occur only at low frequencies and are accompanied in torsion pendulum studies by autotwisting of the sample (or zero-point drift) that stops abruptly at the TSS. Neither the dissolution/precipitation peaks nor the autotwisting phenomena are observed in Zr-2.5Nb. However, the TSS is also marked by an abrupt change in the slope of Young's modulus as a function of temperature. This phenomenon is observed regardless of the frequency (in the range 1 Hz to 120 kHz) and in both pure zirconium and Zr-2.5Nb alloys. The reasons for the absence of the dissolution/precipitation peak in Zr-2.5Nb alloys are discussed and the use of Young's modulus changes to investigate the TSS of hydrogen and the hysteresis between heat-up and cool-down TSS curves is demonstrated. (author)

Effect of Nb doping on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of RF magnetron sputtered In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanostructured films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reshmi Krishnan, R.; Chalana, S.R.; Suresh, S.; Sudheer, S.K.; Mahadevan Pillai, V.P. [Department of Optoelectronics, University of Kerala (India); Sudarsanakumar, C. [School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala (India); Santhosh Kumar, M.C. [Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Lab, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli (India)

2017-01-15

Undoped and niobium (Nb) doped indium oxide (In{sub 2}O{sub 3}) thin films are prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The effect of Nb on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of In{sub 2}O{sub 3}films are analyzed using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, photoluminescence spectroscopy and Hall effect measurements. XRD analysis reveals that the as-deposited undoped and Nb doped films are polycrystalline in nature with cubic bixbyite structure. Raman analysis supports the presence of cubic bixbyite structure of In{sub 2}O{sub 3}in the films. XPS analysis shows a decrease of oxygen deficiency due to Nb and the existence of Nb as Nb{sup 4+} in the In{sub 2}O{sub 3}lattice. The band gap energy of the films increases with increase in Nb concentration. PL spectra reveal intense UV and visible emissions in all the films. Optical constants of the films are determined using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The thickness of films estimated using FESEM and ellipsometry are in good agreement. The carrier concentration, mobility and nature of carriers are measured using Hall measurement technique in Van der Pauw configuration at room temperature. (copyright 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Combined ion beam and hyperfine interaction studies of LiNbO3 single crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marques, J.G.; Kling, A.; Soares, J.C.; Rebouta, L.

1999-01-01

A review of recent studies of LiNbO 3 crystals doped with Hf and Mg,Hf combining high precision RBS/channelling, PIXE/channelling and hyperfine interaction techniques is presented. The lattice location of Hf was found to depend strongly on the dopant concentration, crystal stoichiometry and Mg co-doping level. At low concentrations Hf occupies Li sites in congruent crystals, while it occupies both Li and Nb sites for higher doping levels or in near-stoichiometric crystals. Co-doping with Mg also forces a split location of Hf in Li and Nb sites and when the MgO amount exceeds 4.5 mol% Hf occupies only Nb sites. Neutron irradiation of these crystals displaces Hf from its initial lattice site and leads to a strong decrease of the Nb site fraction. The results are discussed in the framework of the Li and Nb vacancy models currently proposed in the literature for the defect structure of LiNbO 3 . (author)

Dielectric properties of Ga2O3-doped barium iron niobate ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sanjoom, Kachaporn; Pengpat, Kamonpan; Eitssayeam, Sukum; Tunkasiri, Tawee; Rujijanagul, Gobwute

2014-01-01

Ga-doped BaFe 0.5 Nb 0.5 O 3 (Ba(Fe 1-x Ga x ) 0.5 Nb 0.5 O 3 ) ceramics were fabricated and their properties were investigated. All ceramics showed perovskite structure with cubic symmetry and the solubility of Ga in BFN ceramics had a limit at x = 0.2. Examination of the dielectric spectra indicated that all ceramic samples presented high dielectric constants that were frequency dependent. The x = 0.2 ceramic showed a very high dielectric constant (ε r > 240 000 at 1 kHz) while the x = 0.4 sample exhibited high thermal stability of dielectric constant with low loss tangent from room temperature (RT) to 100 C with ε r > 28 000 (at 1 kHz) when compared to other samples. By using a complex impedance analysis technique, bulk grain, grain boundary, and electrode response were found to affect the dielectric behavior that could be related to the Maxwell-Wagner polarization mechanism. (copyright 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Review on dielectric properties of rare earth doped barium titanate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ismail, Fatin Adila; Osman, Rozana Aina Maulat; Idris, Mohd Sobri

2016-01-01

Rare earth doped Barium Titanate (BaTiO_3) were studied due to high permittivity, excellent electrical properties and have wide usage in various applications. This paper reviewed on the electrical properties of RE doped BaTiO_3 (RE: Lanthanum (La), Erbium (Er), Samarium (Sm), Neodymium (Nd), Cerium (Ce)), processing method, phase transition occurred and solid solution range for complete study. Most of the RE doped BaTiO_3 downshifted the Curie temperature (T_C). Transition temperature also known as Curie temperature, T_C where the ceramics had a transition from ferroelectric to a paraelectric phase. In this review, the dielectric constant of La-doped BaTiO_3, Er-doped BaTiO_3, Sm-doped BaTiO_3, Nd-doped BaTiO_3 and Ce-doped BaTiO_3 had been proved to increase and the transition temperature or also known as T_C also lowered down to room temperature as for all the RE doped BaTiO_3 except for Er-doped BaTiO_3.

Improved current transport properties of post annealed Y1Ba2Cu3O7-x thin films using Ag doping

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Clausen, Thomas; Skov, Johannes; Jacobsen, Claus Schelde

1996-01-01

The influence of Ag doping on the transport properties of Y1Ba2Cu3O7–x thin films prepared by Y, BaF2, and Cu co-evaporation and optimized ex situ post annealing has been investigated. Both undoped and Ag doped films have values of Tc above 90 K, but Jc (77 K) is highly dependent on the nominal...... thickness (tnom) of the as-deposited film. For undoped films with tnom>106 A/cm2) decreases monotonically with increasing film thickness. Above 300 nm Jc (77 K) decreases rapidly to values below 5×105 A/cm2. Ag doped films with tnom>=200 nm have higher Jc (77 K) values than those of undoped films. Ag doped...... films have a maximum in Jc (77 K) around 250 nm. As for the undoped films, there is a large decrease in Jc (77 K) for Ag doped films with tnom>=300 nm. It was found that the higher values of Jc (77 K) for the Ag doped films were due to a better epitaxial growth of the YBCO compound. The low values of Jc...

Electron transport investigation of layered MoO3 oxides doped with different concentrations of Nb2O5 oxide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Khawaja, S.; Kasem, M.

2008-07-01

The dc and ac electric conductivity has been studied for numerous samples of molybdenum oxide MoO 3 doped with niobium oxide Nb 2 O 5 elaborated via the solid state reactions. By means of the electric resistivity and dielectricity curves obtained as a function of temperature, and according to the dopant concentration, the behaviour of these compounds has been allocated. Most of the investigated samples, which are insulating at room temperature, have been witnessed to exhibit simultaneously two different electric comportments; metallic and semiconducting within the range of low and high temperatures respectively, designated by a critical temperature related to the nature of the material. Both of these behaviours are attributed electronically to ionic conduction mechanism, occurring in the solid material formed upon doping with Nb 2 O 5 , which is utterly diffused into the layered structure of MoO 3 particularly for x≥40% concentrations and accompanied by relaxation in the dielectric function between 5 Hz and 13 M Hz.(Authors)

Structural stability and oxygen permeability of BaCo{sub 1−x}Nb{sub x}O{sub 3−δ} ceramic membranes for air separation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wu, Chengzhang, E-mail: wucz@shu.edu.cn [Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Metallurgy and Materials Processing, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072 (China); Gai, Yongqian; Zhou, Jianfang; Tang, Xia; Zhang, Yunwen; Ding, Weizhong [Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Metallurgy and Materials Processing, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072 (China); Sun, Chenghua [School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 (Australia)

2015-07-25

Highlights: • BCNx membranes with high oxygen permeation flux were prepared. • Oxygen permeability of BCNx membranes is stable at 900 °C. • Phase transition is governed by oxygen partial pressure and temperature. • Degradation mechanism of BCNx membrane is suggested. - Abstract: BaCo{sub 1−x}Nb{sub x}O{sub 3−δ} (BCNx, x = 0.1–0.2) membranes were synthesized through conventional solid-phase reactions. The introduction of niobium facilitates the formation of the cubic perovskite structure and decreases oxygen nonstoichiometry. BCNx membranes possess higher oxygen permeation flux compared with BaCo{sub 0.7}Fe{sub 0.2}Nb{sub 0.1}O{sub 3−δ} membrane at the same condition. A stable permeation flux as high as 2.61 ml cm{sup −2} min{sup −1} is obtained through BaCo{sub 0.9}Nb{sub 0.1}O{sub 3−δ} membrane at 900 °C under the Air/He gradient. Long-time permeation study shows that the oxygen fluxes of BCNx membranes are stable at 900 °C but degrade slowly with time at 850 °C. XRD and TG–DSC results indicate that the degradation behavior occured at 850 °C is due to the phase transition from the cubic perovskite to monoclinic or orthorhombic structure, which is governed by the oxygen partial pressure and temperature. The oxidation of cobalt ion is considered to be the nature for the phase transition, which makes the tolerance factor increasing and results in structural destabilization.

Reverse micellar synthesis, structural characterization and dielectric properties of Sr-doped BaZrO{sub 3} nanoparticles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ahmad, Tokeer, E-mail: tahmad3@jmi.ac.in [Nanochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 (India); Ubaidullah, Mohd [Nanochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 (India); Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan, 304022 (India); School of Science and Technology, Glocal University, Mirzapur, Saharanpur, 247121, Uttar Pradesh (India); Shahazad, Mohd [Nanochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 (India); Kumar, Dinesh [Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan, 304022 (India); Al-Hartomy, Omar A. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 (Saudi Arabia)

2017-01-01

Sr-doped BaZrO{sub 3} nanoparticles with strontium content varying from 5 to 20 mol % were successfully synthesized by reverse micellar method at 900 °C for the first time. Systematic studies have been carried out to establish the structural and electrical properties of the as prepared nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, BET surface area and dielectric measurements. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of monophasic and highly crystalline nanoparticles which could be indexed in cubic BaZrO{sub 3} with contraction of lattice on strontium substitution. A monotonic shift of diffraction pattern towards higher angel confirms the formation of solid solutions of Ba{sub 1−x}Sr{sub x}ZrO{sub 3} (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) which was corroborating well with lattice parameter studies. Transmission electron microscopic studies showed the formation of cubic, spherical and hexagonal nanoparticles with an average grain size of 40–65 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic studies confirmed the presence of dopant (Sr{sup 2+}) in the BaZrO{sub 3} matrix and estimated chemical species corroborate well with the loaded composition. Specific surface area of the solid solution comes out to be in the range of 104–244 m{sup 2} g{sup -1}. Smallest particle of size 40 nm shows highest surface area 244 m{sup 2} g{sup -1} for 20 mol% Sr-doped BaZrO{sub 3}. Dielectric and impedance studies were also carried out as a function of frequency and temperature to explore the electrical properties of Sr-doped BaZrO{sub 3}. The dielectric constant of Ba{sub 1−x}Sr{sub x}ZrO{sub 3} (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) was found to be in the range of 13–25 for x = 0.05 to x = 0.20 with nearly similar dielectric loss of the order of 0.02. The conductance increases linearly with increase in frequency at room temperature, however the impedance has an inverse effect. - Highlights: • Monophasic nanocrystalline Ba{sub 1�

Solid phase epitaxial growth of high mobility La:BaSnO_3 thin films co-doped with interstitial hydrogen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Niedermeier, Christian A.; Rhode, Sneha; Fearn, Sarah; Moram, Michelle A.; Ide, Keisuke; Hiramatsu, Hidenori; Hosono, Hideo; Kamiya, Toshio

2016-01-01

This work presents the solid phase epitaxial growth of high mobility La:BaSnO_3 thin films on SrTiO_3 single crystal substrates by crystallization through thermal annealing of nanocrystalline thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition at room temperature. The La:BaSnO_3 thin films show high epitaxial quality and Hall mobilities up to 26 ± 1 cm"2/Vs. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy is used to determine the La concentration profile in the La:BaSnO_3 thin films, and a 9%–16% La doping activation efficiency is obtained. An investigation of H doping to BaSnO_3 thin films is presented employing H plasma treatment at room temperature. Carrier concentrations in previously insulating BaSnO_3 thin films were increased to 3 × 10"1"9" cm"−"3 and in La:BaSnO_3 thin films from 6 × 10"1"9" cm"−"3 to 1.5 × 10"2"0" cm"−"3, supporting a theoretical prediction that interstitial H serves as an excellent n-type dopant. An analysis of the free electron absorption by infrared spectroscopy yields a small (H,La):BaSnO_3 electron effective mass of 0.27 ± 0.05 m_0 and an optical mobility of 26 ± 7 cm"2/Vs. As compared to La:BaSnO_3 single crystals, the smaller electron mobility in epitaxial thin films grown on SrTiO_3 substrates is ascribed to threading dislocations as observed in high resolution transmission electron micrographs.

EFFECTS OF NEODYMIUM DOPING ON DIELECTRIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF Ba(1-xNdxTi1.005O3 CERAMICS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhang W.

2013-06-01

Full Text Available This paper investigated the optical properties and dielectric properties of neodymium doped BaTiO3 ceramics prepared by Ba(1-xNdxTi1.005O3 powders synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The effects of Nd3+ ions content on the structure, dielectric properties and optical properties of the ceramics were studied. The structural analysis performed on the X-ray diffractometer shows that the phase compositions of all ceramics are tetragonal phase structure. The red shift of the absorption edge indicates the presence of defect energy levels which was proved by the UV-Vis-NIR diffuse reflection spectra. Dielectric property measurements show that Nd-doped BaTiO3 ceramics possess improved dielectric properties at low Nd3+ contents (x = 0.001 and 0.002, as demonstrated by decreased dependence to frequency for both the dielectric constant and dielectric loss.

Structures and electrical properties of Mn- and Co-doped lead-free ferroelectric K0.5Na0.5NbO3 films prepared by a chemical solution deposition method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Lingyan; Ren, Wei; Goh, Phoi Chin; Yao, Kui; Shi, Peng; Wu, Xiaoqing; Yao, Xi

2013-01-01

The un-doped, 2 mol% Mn- and 2 mol% Co-doped K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 (KNN) films were prepared by a chemical solution deposition method. The crystalline phase and surface morphologies of KNN films hardly changed after Mn- and Co-doping. X-ray photoelectron spectrocopy analysis indicates that the introduction of both Mn and Co promoted the formation of KNN perovskite structure, and the most Mn 2+ and Co 2+ ions were oxidized into high-valence ions during thermal process. As a result, the leakage current density of the KNN films was decreased and the electrical properties were enhanced after the doping. - Highlights: • The leakage current density of K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 (KNN) films decreased after doping • The introduction of dopant promoted the formation of KNN perovskite structure • A portion of introduced doping ions became high-valent after heat-treatment

Enhanced stability of Zr-doped Ba(CeTb)O(3-δ)-Ni cermet membrane for hydrogen separation.

Science.gov (United States)

Wei, Yanying; Xue, Jian; Fang, Wei; Chen, Yan; Wang, Haihui; Caro, Jürgen

2015-07-25

A mixed protonic and electronic conductor material BaCe(0.85)Tb(0.05)Zr(0.1)O(3-δ) (BCTZ) is prepared and a Ni-BCTZ cermet membrane is synthesized for hydrogen separation. Stable hydrogen permeation fluxes can be obtained for over 100 h through the Ni-BCTZ membrane in both dry and humid conditions, which exhibits an excellent stability compared with Ni-BaCe(0.95)Tb(0.05)O(3-δ) membrane due to the Zr doping.

Dielectric and magnetic properties of Ba-, La- and Pb-doped Bi0.8Gd0.1M0.1Fe0.9Ti0.1O3 perovskite ceramics

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Radheshyam Rai

2014-04-01

Full Text Available The multiferroic Bi0.8Gd0.1M0.1Fe0.9Ti0.1O3, (where M = Ba (DB, La (DL and Pb (DP has been synthesized by using solid-state reaction technique. Effects of Ba, La and Pb substitution on the structure, electrical and ferroelectric properties of Bi0.8Gd0.1M0.1Fe0.9Ti0.1O3 samples have been studied by performing X-ray diffraction, dielectric and magnetic measurements. The crystal structures of the ceramic samples have a tetragonal phase. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM measurement shows a significant change in the magnetic properties of Ba-doped Bi0.8Gd0.1M0.1Fe0.9Ti0.1O3 as compared to La- and Pb-doped ceramics. It is seen that coercive field (HC and remanent magnetization (MR increases with Ba-doped ceramics but decreases for La- and Pb-doped ceramics.

Electrical Properties of Ba3Ca1.18Nb1.82O9-  Proton-Conducting Electrolyte Prepared by a Combustion Method

KAUST Repository

Bi, Lei

2013-10-07

Ba3Ca1.18Nb1.82O9-δ (BCN18), regarded as a promising proton-conducting electrolyte material for solid oxide fuel cells, is usually synthesized by a solid-state reaction because of the limited choice of Nb precursors. This study presents a wet chemical route for preparing BCN18 powders that were then sintered into pellets. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies indicated that BCN18 pellets show proton conductivity, since their total conductivity in wet air was significantly larger than that in dry air. However, a detailed analysis showed that only the BCN18 bulk behaves as a proton conductor, while its grain boundary conductivity did not increase in wet air.

Tl, Bi, and Pb doping in Ba4BiPb2TlO12-δ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sutto, T.E.; Averill, B.A.

1992-01-01

To determine the effects of different 6s metal concentrations on the superconducting nature of Ba 4 BiPb 2 TlO 12-δ , materials produced via four doping schemes were examined: Ba 4 Bi(Pb, Tl) 3 O 12-δ , Ba 4 -(BiPb) 3 TlO 12-δ , Ba 4 (Bi,Tl) 2 Pb 2 O 12-δ , and Ba 4 Bi x Pb 4-2x Tl x O 12-δ . For the parent compound a value of δ = 0.91 was observed, indicating that approximately 1/4 oxygen atom was missing per cubic subsection of the unit cell. For all samples, the symmetry of the parent compound changed from orthorhombic to tetragonal as the system moved away from the ideal composition. This was usually accompanied by the loss of superconductivity, which exhibited a maximum T c of 10.5 K for the parent compound Ba 4 BiPb 2 TlO 12-δ . Also reported are high-temperature magnetic susceptibility results, which are used to determine the effect of metal substitution on the density of states at the Fermi level. For each set of variants on the parent composition, the onset of superconductivity was accompanied by a significant decrease in the size of the Pauli paramagnetic signal. 16 refs., 6 figs

Large recoverable electrostrain in Mn-doped (Ba,Sr) TiO3 ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, L.X.; Chen, W.; Ren, X.

2004-01-01

In this letter we demonstrate that with a different principle, BaTiO 3 ceramics, so far considered as inferior piezoelectrics compared with Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT), can show a large recoverable electrostrain. This principle utilizes a point-defect-mediated reversible domain switching mechanism, which can in theory generate 0.368% strain for BaTiO 3 ceramics at the best condition. Experimental results showed that, after aging at room temperature, 1.0 mol % Mn-doped (Ba 0.95 Sr 0.05 )TiO 3 ceramics generate a large recoverable nonlinear strain of about 0.12%-0.15% at a field of 3 kV/mm. This value exceeds that of conventional hard PZT piezoelectric ceramics. A microscopic model for the domain-related electrostrain effect in ceramics is proposed. It is also found that the large electrostrain effect is quite stable with respect to both changing frequency and fatigue cycles. Large electrostrain remains recoverable down to 0.05 Hz and after 10 000 cycles. These results demonstrate the potential of our approach in achieving large recoverable electrostrain in environmental-friendly (Pb-free) ceramics

Influence of Nb dopant on the structural and optical properties of nanocrystalline TiO{sub 2} thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaleji, Behzad Koozegar, E-mail: bkaleji@yahoo.com [Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box:14115-143, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Sarraf-Mamoory, Rasoul, E-mail: rsarrafm@modares.ac.ir [Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box:14115-143, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Fujishima, Akira [Photo-catalyst Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, KSP East 412, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012 (Japan)

2012-01-16

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We coated Nb-doped TiO{sub 2} films on glazed porcelain via sol-gel dip coating method. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We examined coatings by degradation of MB solution and optical light transmittance. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Coatings show enhanced photo-catalytic activity in 1 mol% Nb. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Nb doping inhibited the grain growth, and which are found to inhibit the anatase to rutile phase transformation. - Abstract: In this study, preparation of Nb-doped (0-20 mol% Nb) TiO{sub 2} dip-coated thin films on glazed porcelain substrates via sol-gel process has been investigated. The effects of Nb on the structural, optical, and photo-catalytic properties of applied thin films have been studied by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Surface topography and surface chemical state of thin films was examined by atomic force microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. XRD and Raman study showed that the Nb doping inhibited the grain growth. The photo-catalytic activity of the film was tested on degradation of methylene blue. Best photo-catalytic activity of Nb-doped TiO{sub 2} thin films were measured in the TiO{sub 2}-1 mol% Nb sample. The average optical transmittance of about 47% in the visible range and the band gap of films became wider with increasing Nb doping concentration. The Nb{sup 5+} dopant presented substitutional Ti{sup 4+} into TiO{sub 2} lattice.

XPS studies of nitrogen doping niobium used for accelerator applications

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Ziqin; Lu, Xiangyang; Tan, Weiwei; Zhao, Jifei; Yang, Deyu; Yang, Yujia; He, Yuan; Zhou, Kui

2018-05-01

Nitrogen doping study on niobium (Nb) samples used for the fabrication of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities was carried out. The samples' surface treatment was attempted to replicate that of the Nb SRF cavities, which includes heavy electropolishing (EP), nitrogen doping and the subsequent EP with different amounts of material removal. The surface chemical composition of Nb samples with different post treatments has been studied by XPS. The chemical composition of Nb, O, C and N was presented before and after Gas Cluster Ion Beam (GCIB) etching. No signals of poorly superconducting nitrides NbNx was found on the surface of any doped Nb sample with the 2/6 recipe before GCIB etching. However, in the depth range greater than 30 nm, the content of N element is below the XPS detection precision scope even for the Nb sample directly after nitrogen doping treatment with the 2/6 recipe.

Dielectric properties of Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3}-doped barium iron niobate ceramics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanjoom, Kachaporn [Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 (Thailand); Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, 328 Sri Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400 (Thailand); Pengpat, Kamonpan; Eitssayeam, Sukum; Tunkasiri, Tawee [Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 (Thailand); Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 (Thailand); Rujijanagul, Gobwute [Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 (Thailand); Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 (Thailand); Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, 328 Sri Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400 (Thailand)

2014-08-15

Ga-doped BaFe{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} (Ba(Fe{sub 1-x}Ga{sub x}){sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}O{sub 3}) ceramics were fabricated and their properties were investigated. All ceramics showed perovskite structure with cubic symmetry and the solubility of Ga in BFN ceramics had a limit at x = 0.2. Examination of the dielectric spectra indicated that all ceramic samples presented high dielectric constants that were frequency dependent. The x = 0.2 ceramic showed a very high dielectric constant (ε{sub r} > 240 000 at 1 kHz) while the x = 0.4 sample exhibited high thermal stability of dielectric constant with low loss tangent from room temperature (RT) to 100 C with ε{sub r} > 28 000 (at 1 kHz) when compared to other samples. By using a complex impedance analysis technique, bulk grain, grain boundary, and electrode response were found to affect the dielectric behavior that could be related to the Maxwell-Wagner polarization mechanism. (copyright 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Dielectric studies on cerium doped BaLa2Ti3O10

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Parshuram B. Abhange

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The BaLa2-xCexTi3O10 samples (with x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 were prepared by hydroxide co-precipitation method and finally sintered at 1150 °C. The structure of the prepared samples was characterized by XRD and SEM. The single phase material was confirmed only for the BaLa1.8Ce0.2Ti3O10 ceramics. However, at higher cerium concentration secondary phase was observed. The characteristic plate-like structure, having grains with submicrometer thickness and high aspect ratio, was clearly observed by SEM. The results of dielectric measurement suggest that the appropriate adjustment of doping (with x between 0.2 and 0.8 will give sufficient high dielectric constant at very low loss. The resistivity of samples decreases with increase in temperature indicating the normal semiconducting electrical behaviour.

Effect of Nb doping on sintering and dielectric properties of PZT ceramics

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Ali Mirzaei

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The extensive use of piezoelectric ceramics such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT in different applications became possible with the development of donor or acceptor dopants. Therefore, studies on the effect of dopants on the properties of PZT ceramics are highly demanded. In this study undoped and 2.4 mol% Nb-doped PZT (PZTN powders were successfully obtained by a solid-state reaction and calcination at 850 °C for 2 h. Crystallinity and phase formation of the prepared powders were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD. In order to study morphology of powders, scanning electron microscopy (SEM was performed. The crystalline PZT and Nb-doped PZT powders were pelleted into discs and sintered at 1100, 1150 and 1200 °C, with a heating rate of 10 °C/min, and holding time of 1–6 h to find the optimum combination of temperature and time to produce high density ceramics. Microstructural characterization was conducted on the fractured ceramic surfaces using SEM. Density measurements showed that maximal density of 95% of the theoretical density was achieved after sintering of PZT and PZTN ceramics at 1200 °C for 2 h and 4 h, respectively. However, the results of dielectric measurements showed that PZTN ceramics have higher relative permittivity (εr ∼17960 with lower Curie temperature (∼358 °C relative to PZT (εr = 16000 at ∼363 °C as a result of fine PZTN structure as well as presence of vacancies. In addition, dielectric loss (at 1 kHz of PZT and PZTN ceramics with 95% theoretical density was 0.0087 and 0.02, respectively. The higher dielectric loss in PZTN was due to easier domain wall motions in PZTN ceramics.

Sorption properties and reversibility of Ti(IV) and Nb(V)-fluoride doped-Ca(BH4)2-MgH2 system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonatto Minella, Christian; Garroni, Sebastiano; Pistidda, Claudio; Baró, Maria Dolors; Gutfleisch, Oliver; Klassen, Thomas; Dornheim, Martin

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Faster desorption reaction for doped materials vs. the pure composite system. • Kinetic improvement concerning re-hydrogenation reaction showed by the addition of NbF 5 . • Full characterization of the de-hydrogenation reaction pathway by means of both SR-PXD and 11 B{ 1 H} MAS-NMR. • Study of the evolution of the chemical state of the additives upon both milling and sorption reactions. - Abstract: In the last decade, alkaline and alkaline earth metal tetrahydroborates have been the focuses of the research due to their high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen densities. Among them, Ca(BH 4 ) 2 and the Ca(BH 4 ) 2 + MgH 2 reactive hydride composites (RHC), were calculated to have the ideal thermodynamic properties which fall within the optimal range for mobile applications. In this study, the addition of NbF 5 or TiF 4 to the Ca(BH 4 ) 2 + MgH 2 reactive hydride composite system was attempted aiming to obtain a full reversible system with the simultaneous suppression of CaB 12 H 12 . Structural characterization of the specimens was performed by means of in-situ Synchrotron Radiation Powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD) and 11 B{ 1 H} Solid State Magic Angle Spinning-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS-NMR). The evolution of the chemical state of the Nb- and Ti-based additives was monitored by X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES). The addition of NbF 5 or TiF 4 to the Ca(BH 4 ) 2 + MgH 2 system have not suppressed completely the formation of CaB 12 H 12 and only a slight improvement concerning the reversible reaction was displayed just in the case of Nb-doped composite material

Half-metallic ferromagnetism in Fe, Co and Ni doped BaS: First principles calculations

Science.gov (United States)

Maurya, Savita; Sharma, Ramesh; Bhamu, K. C.

2018-04-01

The first principle investigation of structural, electronic, magnetic and optical properties of Ba1-xTMxS (x = 0.25) have been done using FPLAW method within the density functional theory (DFT) using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for exchange correlation potential using two different functionals which are the PBE-sol and the modified Becke and Johnson local (spin) density approximation (mBJLDA). It was found that mBJLDA functional offer better account for the electronic structure of the Fe, Co and Ni-doped BaS. It was also observed that Fe/Co/Ni d, S p and Ba d states play a major role in determining the electronic properties of this alloy system. Investigation results shows that Ba0.75(Fe/Co/Ni)0.25S is ferromagnetic with magnetic moment of 3.72 µB, 2.73908 µB and 1.74324 µB at Fe, Co and Ni sites respectively. Complex dielectric constant ɛ(ω) and normal incidence reflectivity R(ω) are also been investigate for broad range of photon energies. These results are compared with the some reported existing experimental values.

Unusually high critical current of P-doped BaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} single crystalline thin film

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kurth, Fritz; Engelmann, Jan; Schultz, Ludwig [IMW, IFW Dresden, Dresden (Germany); TU Dresden, Dresden (Germany); Tarantini, Chiara; Jaroszynski, Jan [ASC, NHMFL, Florida (United States); Grinenko, Vadim; Reich, Elke; Huehne, Ruben [IMW, IFW Dresden, Dresden (Germany); Haenisch, Jens [IMW, IFW Dresden, Dresden (Germany); ITEP, KIT, Karlsruhe (Germany); Mori, Yasohiro; Sakagami, Akihiro; Kawaguchi, Takahiko; Ikuta, Hiroshi [Department of Crystalline Materials Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya (Japan); Holzapfel, Bernhard [ITEP, KIT, Karlsruhe (Germany); Iida, Kazumasa [IMW, IFW Dresden, Dresden (Germany); Department of Crystalline Materials Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya (Japan)

2015-07-01

Microstructurally clean, isovalently P-doped BaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} single crystalline thin films have been prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. These films show a superconducting transition temperature (T{sub c}) of over 30 K and high transport self-field critical current densities (J{sub c}) of over 6 MA/cm{sup 2} at 4.2 K, which are among the highest for Fe based superconductors. In-field J{sub c} exceeds 0.1 MA/cm{sup 2} at μ{sub 0}H = 35 T for H parallel ab and μ{sub 0}H = 18 T for H parallel c, respectively, in spite of moderate upper critical fields compared to other FeSCs with similar T{sub c}. This unusually high J{sub c} makes P-doped Ba-122 very favorable for high-field magnet applications.

Effect of Nb doping on electrochemical properties of LiNi{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}O{sub 2} at high cutoff voltage for lithium-ion battery

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wu, Jiefan [School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130 (China); Liu, Hongguang, E-mail: hongguangliu_01@163.com [School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130 (China); CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research & Design Institute, Tianjin 300131 (China); Ye, Xuehai; Xia, Jiping; Lu, Yang; Lin, Chaowang; Yu, Xiaowei [CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research & Design Institute, Tianjin 300131 (China)

2015-09-25

Highlights: • Nb substituted LiNi{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3−x}Nb{sub x}O{sub 2} (x = 0–0.03) was prepared by sol–gel method. • 2% Nb-substituted sample showed better cycle performance at high cutoff voltage. • Ex situ analysis was used to show the structure changes of Nb-doped samples. - Abstract: Nb doped cathode materials with the formula LiNi{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3−x}Nb{sub x}O{sub 2} (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) have been prepared successfully by sol–gel method. The effect of Nb substitution on the crystal structure and electrochemical properties of LiNi{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}O{sub 2} were studied systematically by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and various electrochemical measurements. The results showed Nb substitution played an important role in the good cycling performance of LiNi{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}O{sub 2}. Charge/discharge tests revealed that LiNi{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3–0.02}Nb{sub 0.02}O{sub 2} showed a capacity retention of 94.1% at 1 C after 50 cycles in a high cutoff voltage range (3.0–4.6 V), while discharge capacity of LiNi{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}O{sub 2} remains only 89.4% of that at 1 C. Ex-situ XRD analysis and EIS analysis indicated that the improved electrochemical properties of Nb-doped sample result from the more stable structure and lower resistance during the electrochemical cycling.

Eu{sup 3+}/Tb{sup 3+} doped cubic BaGdF{sub 5} multifunctional nanophosphors: Multicolor tunable luminescence, energy transfer and magnetic properties

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Honglan; Liu, Guixia, E-mail: liuguixia22@163.com; Wang, Jinxian; Dong, Xiangting; Yu, Wensheng

2017-06-15

A series of BaGdF{sub 5}:Eu{sup 3+}/Tb{sup 3+} orange-green-yellow-white emitting nanophosphors (NPs) were successfully synthesized via hydrothermal method without assistance of any surfactant, catalyst, or template. The nanocrystals are in sphere-like morphology with an average size of approximately 46 nm. The quenching concentrations of Eu{sup 3+} and Tb{sup 3+} single doped BaGdF{sub 5} phosphors are 5.5% and 15%, respectively. The tunable color tone can be obtained in Eu{sup 3+} and Tb{sup 3+} co-doped BaGdF{sub 5} phosphors, the strong orange-white and green-yellow emissions can be seen in BaGdF{sub 5}:5.5%Eu{sup 3+}, y%Tb{sup 3+} and BaGdF{sub 5}:3.5%Tb{sup 3+}, x%Eu{sup 3+} phosphors, especially. More significantly, we realize the more standard white emission with a CIE chromaticity diagram point at (0.317, 0.321) and a lower correlated color temperature of 6979 K in the BaGdF{sub 5}: 5.5%Eu{sup 3+}, 4.5%Tb{sup 3+} sample. In addition, the energy transfer phenomenon from Tb{sup 3+} to Eu{sup 3+} ions is clearly observed in Tb{sup 3+}, Eu{sup 3+} co-doped BaGdF{sub 5} phosphors and the energy transfer efficiency can reach a maximum of 75%. Moreover, the as-prepared samples exhibit paramagnetic properties at room temperature. This type of multifunctional multicolor emitting nanophosphor has promising applications in the fields of full-color displays, biomedical science, MRI, and so on. - Graphical abstract: The cubic phase BaGdF{sub 5}:Eu{sup 3+}/Tb{sup 3+} sphere-like nanophosphors were prepared. Energy transfer mechanism, color-tunable emissions and magnetic properties of BaGdF{sub 5}:Eu{sup 3+}/Tb{sup 3+} have been studied, which could have promising applications in the fields of full-color displays, MRI and biomedical science, and so on.

X-ray diffraction, dielectric, and Raman spectroscopy studies of BaSrTiO{sub 3}-NaNbO{sub 3} ceramic

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abdessalem, L. Ben; Aydi, S.; Aydi, A.; Maalej, A.; Khemakhem, H. [Universite de Sfax, Laboratoire des Materiaux Multifonctionnels et Applications (LaMMA), Faculte des Sciences de Sfax (FSS), Sfax (Tunisia); Sassi, Z. [Laboratoire de Genie Electrique et Ferroelectricite (LGEF) de L' INSA de Lyon, Villeurbanne (France)

2017-05-15

Ba{sub 0.837}Sr{sub 0.093}Na{sub 0.07}Ti{sub 0.93}Nb{sub 0.07}O{sub 3} (BSNTN) ceramic was synthesized by the solid-state reaction at 1350 C for 3 h. The crystal structure, investigated by X-ray diffraction at room temperature, revealed a single-phase perovskite crystallizing with tetragonal P4mm group space. Dielectric properties were investigated as a function of applied frequency. The ferroelectric behavior has been confirmed by hysteresis investigation. The evolution of the Raman spectra was used to study the variations of the basic phase transition of BaTiO{sub 3}, at room temperature. It shows the introduction of a disorder in this composition, thus favoring a ferroelectric relaxor behavior. (orig.)

C-axial oriented (Bi1.5Zn0.5)(Zn0.5Nb1.5)O7 thin film grown on Nb doped SrTiO3 substrate by pulsed laser deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cao, L Z; Fu, W Y; Wang, S F; Wang, Q; Sun, Z H; Yang, H; Cheng, B L; Wang, H; Zhou, Y L

2007-01-01

A c-axial oriented (Bi 1.5 Zn 0.5 )(Zn 0.5 Nb 1.5 )O 7 thin film has been grown on a (0 0 1) Nb doped SrTiO 3 substrate by pulsed laser deposition. The permittivity, dielectric loss and tunability of the c-axial oriented film are 187, 0.002 and 6% (at 750 kV cm -1 biasing), respectively, indicating a figure of merit of 30. Moreover, an asymmetry behaviour is observed in the dc electric field dependence of permittivity, which could be attributed to the asymmetry of top and bottom electrodes

Permittivity and modulus spectroscopic study of BaFe0.5Nb0.5O3 ceramics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Subrat K. Kar

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5O3 (BFN powder was synthesized in single perovskite phase by conventional solid state reaction route and BFN ceramic was obtained by uniaxial pressing and sintering at 1350 °C. Complex immittance like: permittivity and modulus spectroscopic formalism were simultaneously used to explain dielectric behaviour of the ceramics. The activation energy calculated from dielectric relaxation below 100 °C was found to be ~0.19 eV. The activation energy obtained from modulus spectra above 100 °C was ~0.59 eV. The space charge polarization model was used to explain the origin of relaxation and “giant” permittivity of BFN ceramics near room temperature.

Enhancement of ferromagnetism in BaFeO{sub 3}-KTa{sub 0.47}Nb{sub 0.53}O{sub 3} multilayers compared to pseudo-cubic BaFeO{sub 3} thin film grown by pulsed laser deposition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cianfrone, Joe; Kim, Seonhoo; Kim, Kyeong-Won; Norton, David [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States); Ghosh, Siddhartha; Hebard, Arthur F. [Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)

2017-06-15

Oxide multilayer hetero-structure of BaFeO{sub 3}-KTa{sub 0.47}Nb{sub 0.53}O{sub 3} have been grown using the pulsed laser deposition and the ex situ annealed in a flowing oxygen atmosphere. The multilayer has been characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Magnetic properties have been studied via SQUID measurements. Magnetization in the multilayer structure shows significant improvement compared to previous measurements of bare BaFeO{sub 3}. Measuring magnetization as a function of temperature and fitting the resulting M-T curves to Bloch's 3/2 law, yields an estimated Curie temperature (T{sub C}) of around 425 K and a P factor of around 1.5, consistent with magnetization from a three dimensional crystal structure. In spite of using a room temperature ferroelectric KTa{sub 0.47}Nb{sub 0.53}O{sub 3} composition, no evidence of ferroelectricity was observed in multi-layer structure. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

High critical currents in heavily doped (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3Ox superconductor tapes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Selvamanickam, V; Gharahcheshmeh, MH; Xu, A; Galstyan, E; Delgado, L; Cantoni, C

2015-01-19

REBa2Cu3Ox ((REBCO), RE = rare earth) superconductor tapes with moderate levels of dopants have been optimized for high critical current density in low magnetic fields at 77 K, but they do not exhibit exemplary performance in conditions of interest for practical applications, i.e., temperatures less than 50K and fields of 2-30 T. Heavy doping of REBCO tapes has been avoided by researchers thus far due to deterioration in properties. Here, we report achievement of critical current densities (J(c)) above 20 MA/cm(2) at 30 K, 3 T in heavily doped (25 mol.% Zr-added) (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3Ox superconductor tapes, which is more than three times higher than the J(c) typically obtained in moderately doped tapes. Pinning force levels above 1000 GN/m(3) have also been attained at 20 K. A composition map of lift factor in J(c) (ratio of J(c) at 30 K, 3 T to the J(c) at 77 K, 0 T) has been developed which reveals the optimum film composition to obtain lift factors above six, which is thrice the typical value. A highly c-axis aligned BaZrO3 (BZO) nanocolumn defect density of nearly 7 x 10(11) cm(-2) as well as 2-3 nm sized particles rich in Cu and Zr have been found in the high J(c) films. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

Low sintering temperature and high piezoelectric properties of Li-doped (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O3 lead-free ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Xiaoming; Ruan, Xuezheng; Zhao, Kunyun; He, Xueqing; Zeng, Jiangtao; Li, Yongsheng; Zheng, Liaoying; Park, Chul Hong; Li, Guorong

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Li-doped Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 O 3 (BCZT) lead-free piezoceramics were prepared by the two-step synthesis and solid-state reaction method. • Their sintering temperature decreases from about 1540 °C down to about 1400 °C. • With the proper addition of Li, the densities and grain sizes of ceramics increase. • The ceramics not only have the characteristics of hard piezoceramics but also possesses the features of soft piezoceramics at low sintering temperature. - Abstract: Li-doped Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 O 3 (BCZT) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the two-step synthesis and the solid-state reaction method. The density and grain size of ceramics sufficiently increases by Li-doped sintering aid, and their sintering temperature decreases from about 1540 °C down to about 1400 °C. X-ray diffraction reveals that the phase structure of Li-doped BCTZ ceramics is changed with the sintering temperature, which is consistent with their phase transition observed by the temperature-dependent dielectric curves. The well-poled Li-doped BCZT ceramics show a high piezoelectric constant d 33 (512 pC/N) and a planar electromechanical coupling factor k p (0.49), which have the characteristics of soft Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) piezoceramic, on the other hand, the mechanical quality factor Q m is about 190, which possesses the features of hard PZT piezoceramics. The enhanced properties of the Li-doped BCZT are explained by the combination of Li-doped effect and sintering effect on the microstructure and the phase transition around room temperature

The effect of Nb doping on ferroelectric properties of PZT thin films prepared from polymeric precursors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Souza, E.C.F.; Simoes, A.Z.; Cilense, M.; Longo, E.; Varela, J.A.

2004-01-01

Pure and Nb doped PbZr 0.4 Ti 0.6 O 3 thin films was prepared by the polymeric precursor method and deposited by spin coating on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si (100) substrates and annealed at 700 deg. C. The films are oriented in (1 1 0) and (1 0 0) direction. The electric properties of PZT thin films show strong dependence of the crystallographic orientation. The P-E hysteresis loops for the thin film with composition PbZr 0.39 Ti 0.6 Nb 0.1 O 3 showed good saturation, with values for coercive field (E c ) equal to 60 KV cm -1 and for remanent polarization (P r ) equal to 20 μC cm -2 . The measured dielectric constant (ε) is 1084 for this film. These results show good potential for application in FERAM

Preparation and properties of visible light responsive Y3+ doped Bi5Nb3O15 photocatalysts for Ornidazole decomposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao, Jie; Yao, Binghua; He, Qiang; Zhang, Ting

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► A novel Y 3+ -Bi 5 Nb 3 O 15 material was prepared. ► Y 3+ -Bi 5 Nb 3 O 15 is firstly used for the photocatalytic degradation of Ornidazole. ► Possible pathway of Ornidazole degradation in aqueous solution is proposed. - Abstract: Nanoparticle of Bi 5 Nb 3 O 15 doped with Y 3+ was prepared for the first time by the sol–gel method combined with impregnation. The degradation of Ornidazole reacting with Y 3+ -Bi 5 Nb 3 O 15 was investigated to explore the feasibility of using Y 3+ -Bi 5 Nb 3 O 15 to treat antibiotics in wastewater. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the Y 3+ -Bi 5 Nb 3 O 15 exhibited single-crystalline orthorhombic structure with small particle size (20–100 nm); additionally, its UV–vis absorbance edges significantly shift to the visible-light region. The as-prepared nanoparticles exhibited a high photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of Ornidazole and several possible pathways of degradation of Ornidazole were proposed according to the results of ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Surface properties of Co-doped BaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} thin films deposited on MgO with Fe buffer layer and CaF{sub 2} substrates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sobota, R. [Department of Experimental Physics, FMPI, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava (Slovakia); Plecenik, T., E-mail: tomas.plecenik@fmph.uniba.sk [Department of Experimental Physics, FMPI, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava (Slovakia); Gregor, M.; Truchly, M.; Satrapinskyy, L.; Vidis, M.; Secianska, K. [Department of Experimental Physics, FMPI, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava (Slovakia); Kurth, F.; Holzapfel, B.; Iida, K. [Institute for Metallic Materials, IFW Dresden, PO Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden (Germany); Kus, P.; Plecenik, A. [Department of Experimental Physics, FMPI, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava (Slovakia)

2014-09-01

Highlights: • Surfaces of Co-doped Ba-122 films on various substrates were studied. • Substrate influences topography and surface conductivity distribution of the films. • Surface conductivity of Co-doped Ba-122 is highly inhomogeneous. • Point contact spectroscopy results can be affected by the surface differences. - Abstract: Surface properties of Co-doped BaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} (Ba-122) thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition on MgO with Fe buffer layer and CaF{sub 2} substrates were inspected by atomic force microscopy, scanning spreading resistance microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, auger electron spectroscopy/microscopy and point contact spectroscopy (PCS). Selected PCS spectra were fitted by extended 1D BTK model. The measurements were done on as-received as well as ion beam etched surfaces. Our results show that the substrate is considerably influencing the surface properties of the films, particularly the topography and surface conductivity distribution, what can affect results obtained by surface-sensitive techniques like PCS.

Investigation of the electrical and magnetic properties in the composite BaNb_xFe_2_-_xO_4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gontijo, Marcelo Robert Fonseca

2007-01-01

The ferrites material magnetic are classified as soft ferrite and hard ferrite in function of its coercive field. They possess a vast field of application in electronic devices had its magnetic property and electric resistivity. This present work reports the influence of the Nb"3 substitution on the structural parameter, magnetic and electrical properties of Ba ferrite. The ferrite system BaNb_xFe_2_-_xO_4, 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 and the variation of x is in steps of 0.02 until 0.10 from higher iron concentration and from steps of 0.2 until 1.0 to low iron concentration, were prepared using the conventional ceramic technique. The composite utilized was BaCO_3, Fe_2O_3 and Nb_2O_3 were weighed in stoichiometric proportion. The samples had been calcined in oxidant atmosphere in 400°C for 6h, 600°C for 24h and sintered at 1000°C for 48h, using an electrical furnace type Muffle. The structure properties are investigated using a X-ray diffraction (XRD) trough the monochromatic radiation CuK α in 35kV and 40mA, under the 2θ angle with variation of 10° until 70°. The magnetic properties of powders have been studied form the hysteresis loops using a vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) with the variation of measurements is 1x10"-"7emu until 1000emu. The important characteristics desired for a soft magnetic material are the induction saturation B_S or equivalent a magnetic saturation M_S, coercivity H_C, induction remained M_R all of which can be visualized in the M-H loop, and the magnetic susceptibility was calculated using the formula χ=dM/dH. . The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of different compositions has been investigated form temperature of 28°C, 50°C, 100°C, 150°C, 200°C and 250°C measurements using current versus voltage (IxV). When, more than one straight line in variation of log σ with 1000/T is obtained indication the different conduction mechanisms and the slope of theses lines given the activation energy. The present work

Optical properties of Mg2+, Yb3+, and Ho3+ tri-doped LiNbO3 crystals

Science.gov (United States)

Dai, Li; Liu, Chun-Rui; Tan, Chao; Yan, Zhe-Hua; Xu, Yu-Heng

2017-04-01

A series of LiNbO3 crystals tri-doped with Mg{}2+, Yb{}3+, and Ho{}3+ are grown by the conventional Czochraski technique. The concentrations of Mg{}2+, Yb{}3+, and Ho{}3+ ions in Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO3 crystals are measured by using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The x-ray diffraction is proposed to determine the lattice constant and analyze the internal structure of the crystal. The light-induced scattering of Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO3 crystal is quantitatively described via the threshold effect of incident exposure energy flux. The exposure energy ({E}{{r}}) is calculated to discuss the optical damage resistance ability. The exposure energy of Mg(7 mol):Yb:Ho:LiNbO3 crystal is 709.17 J/cm2, approximately 425 times higher than that of the Mg(1 mol):Yb:Ho:LiNbO3 crystal in magnitude. The blue, red, and very intense green bands of Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO3 crystal are observed under the 980-nm laser excitation to evaluate the up-conversion emission properties. The dependence of the emission intensity on pumping power indicates that the up-conversion emission is a two-photon process. The up-conversion emission mechanism is discussed in detail. This study indicates that Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO3 crystal can be applied to the fabrication of new multifunctional photoluminescence devices. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51301055), the Youth Science Fund of Heilongjiang Province, China (Grant No. QC2015061), the Special Funds of Harbin Innovation Talents in Science and Technology Research, China (Grant No. 2015RQQXJ045 ), and the Science Funds for the Young Innovative Talents of Harbin University of Science and Technology, China (Grant No. 201501).

Ce-doping effects on electronic structures of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin film

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, S Y; Cheng, B L; Wang, Can; Button, T W; Dai, S Y; Jin, K J; Lu, H B; Zhou, Y L; Chen, Z H; Yang, G Z

2006-01-01

In order to clarify the basic reason why Ce doping can dramatically decrease the leakage current in Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 (BST) as reported in our previous work (Wang et al 2005 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 38 2253), we have employed x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the optical transmittance technique to study the electronic structure of undoped and 1.0 at% Ce-doped BST (CeBST) films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. XPS results show that Ce doping has a strong influence on the valence band and core levels of BST films, and that the Fermi level is lowered by about 0.35 eV by Ce doping. Optical transmittance measurements demonstrate that the energy gap is expanded with Ce doping. These Ce-doping effects can induce an increase in the barrier height for the thermionic emission and eventually reduce leakage current in CeBST thin films

Structure, luminescence and thermal quenching properties of Eu doped Sr{sub 2−x}Ba{sub x}Si{sub 5}N{sub 8} red phosphors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Y.H.; Chen, L.; Zhou, X.F.; Liu, R.H., E-mail: griremlrh@126.com; Zhuang, W.D.

2017-02-15

Eu{sup 2+} doped Sr{sub 2-x}Ba{sub x}Si{sub 5}N{sub 8} phosphors were synthesized at 1610 ℃ for 4 h via the solid-state reaction method. The XRD results confirm that the complete solid solutions are formed. With the increase of x, the emission spectra show an obvious blue-shift from 610 nm to 585 nm under the excitation of 460 nm. The color tone can be tuned from yellow to red. The corresponding mechanism for the blue-shift of peak-wavelength is studied in detail. The results of decomposed Gaussian spectra and fluorescence lifetime show that the local coordination structure surrounding activator ions changes with increasing x value. It is found that the probability of Eu occupying Sr1 and Sr2 site is dependent on Ba/Sr ratio. The variation of thermal quenching properties and the corresponding mechanism is discussed in detail. The results indicate that Eu{sup 2+} doped Sr{sub 2-x}Ba{sub x}Si{sub 5}N{sub 8} is a promising orange red-emitting phosphor for near UV or blue light-pumped white light-emitting-diodes (wLEDs). - Graphical abstract: Eu{sup 2+} doped Sr{sub 2-x}Ba{sub x}Si{sub 5}N{sub 8} solid solutions were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The structure, luminescence and thermal quenching properties with varying Ba/Sr ratio were investigated in detail. - Highlights: • The stucture and luminescence properties of Eu doped Sr{sub 2-x}Ba{sub x}Si{sub 5}N{sub 8} phosphors were investigated. • The samples with the intermediate compositions(x=1.0,1.5) show better stability than the end members of both Sr{sub 2}Si{sub 5}N{sub 8}:Eu{sup 2+} and Ba{sub 2}Si{sub 5}N{sub 8}:Eu{sup 2+}. • The possible mechanism for the improvement of thermal quenching properties was proposed.

Crystal structure and X-ray photoemission spectroscopic study of A{sub 2}LaMO{sub 6} [A=Ba, Ca; M=Nb, Ta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dutta, Alo, E-mail: alo_dutta@yahoo.com [Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098 (India); Saha, Sujoy [Department of Physics, Bose Institute, 93/1 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009 (India); Kumari, Premlata [Department of Chemistry, Government P.G. College, Lansdowne, Pauri-Garhwal 246139 (India); Sinha, T.P. [Department of Physics, Bose Institute, 93/1 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009 (India); Shannigrahi, Santiranjan [Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602 (Singapore)

2015-09-15

The X-ray photoemission spectroscopic (XPS) study of the double perovskite oxides A{sub 2}LaMO{sub 6} [A=Ba, Ca; M=Nb, Ta] synthesized by the solid-state reaction technique has been carried out to investigate the nature of the chemical state of the constituent ions and the bonding between them. The Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction patterns suggests the monoclinic crystal structure of all the materials at room temperature. The negative and positive chemical shifts of the core level XPS spectrum of O-1s and Nb-3d{sub 3/2}/Ta-4f{sub 5/2} respectively suggest the covalent bonding between Nb/Ta cations and O ion. The change of the bonding strength between the anion and the cations from one material to another has been analyzed. The vibrational property of the materials is investigated using the room temperature Raman spectra. A large covalency of Ta-based compound than Nb compound is confirmed from the relative shifting of the Raman modes of the materials. - Graphical abstract: Crystal structure of two perovskite oxides CLN and CLT is investigated. XPS study confirms the two different co-ordination environments of Ca and covalent bonding between B-site cations and O-ion. - Highlights: • Ordered perovskite structure obtained by Rietveld refinement of XRD patterns. • Study of nature of chemical bonding by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. • Opposite chemical shift of d-states of Nb/Ta with respect to O. • Covalent bonding between d-states of Nb/Ta and O. • Relative Raman shifts of CLN and CLT substantiate the more covalent character of Ta than Nb.

Synthesis strategies for improving the performance of doped-BaZrO 3 materials in solid oxide fuel cell applications

KAUST Repository

Bi, Lei; Traversa, Enrico

2013-01-01

is lower than that of conventional oxygen-ion conductors, enabling the operating temperature reduction at 600 °C. Among HTPC oxides, doped BaZrO3 materials possess high chemical stability, needed for practical applications. Though, poor sinterability

Y-doped BaZrO3 as a chemically stable electrolyte for proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs)

KAUST Repository

Bi, Lei

2015-01-01

A proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cell using an Y-doped BaZrO3 electrolyte film, which has been demonstrated to be chemically stable, was successfully fabricated for the first time and showed a promising electrolysis performance.

Effects of La{sub 2}O{sub 3}-doping and sintering temperature on the dielectric properties of BaSrTiO{sub 3} ceramics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhao, Hong Wei; Chang, Chun Rui [College of Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei Province (China); Li, Yuan Liang [Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei Province (China); Yan, Chun Liang [Analysis and Testing Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei Province (China)

2016-03-15

Using BaCO{sub 3}, SrCO{sub 3} and TiO{sub 2}, et al as crude materials, La{sub 2}O{sub 3} as dopant, Ba{sub 0.8}Sr{sub 0.2}TiO{sub 3} (BST) Ceramics of perovskite structure were prepared by solid state reaction method. We investigated the effects of La{sub 2}O{sub 3} -doping and sintering temperature on the dielectric properties of BaSrTiO{sub 3} ceramics. The experiment results show that: The amount of La{sub 2}O{sub 3} can increase the dielectric constant of the sample, with the doping amount increasing, the dielectric constant increases. The sintering temperature has also significant impact on the dielectric properties. The dielectric constant of the sample reaches its highest point at 1280 °C. (author)

Effect of Nb on plasticity and oxidation behavior of TiA1Nb intermetallic compound by density functional theory

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

LI Yan-feng; XU Hui; SONG Zhao-quan; MA Song-shan

2010-01-01

Based on the pseudo potential plane-wave method of density functional theory(DFT),Ti1-xNbxA1(x=0,0.062 5,0.083 3,0.125,0.250)crystals' geometry structure,elastic constants,electronic structure and Mulliken populations were calculated,and the effects of doping on the geometric structure,electronic structure and bond strength were systematically analyzed.The results show that the influence of Nb on the geometric structure is little in terms of the plasticity,and with the increase of Nb content,the covalent bond strength remarkably reduces,and Ti-A1,Nb-M(M=Ti,A1)and other hybrid bonds enhance; meanwhile,the peak district increases and the pseudo-energy gap first decreases and then increases,the overall band structure narrows,the covalent bond and direction of bonds reduce.The population analysis also shows that the results are consistent with the electronic structure analysis.The density of states of TiAlNb shows that Nb doping can enhance the activity of Al and benefit the form of Al2O3 film.All the calculations reveal that the room temperature plasticity and the antioxidation properties of the compounds can be improved with the Nb content of 8.33%-12.5%(mole fraction).

Influence of Zr and Ce doping on electromagnetic properties of (Gd,Y)-Ba-Cu-O superconducting tapes fabricated by metal organic chemical vapor deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Selvamanickam, V.; Chen, Y.; Xie, J.; Zhang, Y.; Guevara, A.; Kesgin, I.; Majkic, G.; Martchevsky, M.

2009-01-01

(Gd,Y)Ba 2 Cu 3 O x tapes have been fabricated by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) with Zr-doping levels of 0-15 mol.% and Ce doping levels of 0-10 mol.% in 0.4 μm thick films. The critical current density (J c ) of Zr-doped samples at 77 K, 1 T applied in the orientation of H -parallel c is found to increase with Zr content and shows a maximum at 7.5% Zr doping. The 7.5% Zr-doped sample exhibits a critical current density (J c ) of 0.95 MA/cm 2 at H -parallel c which is more than 70% higher than the J c of the undoped sample. The peak in J c at H -parallel c is 83% of that at H -parallel a-b in the 7.5% Zr-doped sample which is more than twice as that in the undoped sample. Superconducting transition temperature (T c ) values as high as about 89 K have been achieved in samples even with 15% Zr and 10% Ce. Ce-doped samples with and without Ba compensation are found to exhibit substantially different J c values as well as angular dependence characteristics.

Influence of Zr and Ce doping on electromagnetic properties of (Gd,Y)-Ba-Cu-O superconducting tapes fabricated by metal organic chemical vapor deposition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Selvamanickam, V., E-mail: selva@uh.ed [Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, TX 77204-4006 (United States); Chen, Y.; Xie, J. [SuperPower Inc., 450 Duane Ave., Schenectady, NY 12304 (United States); Zhang, Y.; Guevara, A.; Kesgin, I.; Majkic, G. [Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, TX 77204-4006 (United States); Martchevsky, M. [SuperPower Inc., 450 Duane Ave., Schenectady, NY 12304 (United States)

2009-12-01

(Gd,Y)Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} tapes have been fabricated by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) with Zr-doping levels of 0-15 mol.% and Ce doping levels of 0-10 mol.% in 0.4 mum thick films. The critical current density (J{sub c}) of Zr-doped samples at 77 K, 1 T applied in the orientation of H -parallel c is found to increase with Zr content and shows a maximum at 7.5% Zr doping. The 7.5% Zr-doped sample exhibits a critical current density (J{sub c}) of 0.95 MA/cm{sup 2} at H -parallel c which is more than 70% higher than the J{sub c} of the undoped sample. The peak in J{sub c} at H -parallel c is 83% of that at H -parallel a-b in the 7.5% Zr-doped sample which is more than twice as that in the undoped sample. Superconducting transition temperature (T{sub c}) values as high as about 89 K have been achieved in samples even with 15% Zr and 10% Ce. Ce-doped samples with and without Ba compensation are found to exhibit substantially different J{sub c} values as well as angular dependence characteristics.

Luminescence investigations of rare earth doped lead-free borate glasses modified by MO (M = Ca, Sr, Ba)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Janek, Joanna, E-mail: janek.joanna@gmail.com; Sołtys, Marta; Żur, Lidia; Pietrasik, Ewa; Pisarska, Joanna; Pisarski, Wojciech A.

2016-09-01

Series of lead-free borate glasses with different oxide modifiers and lanthanide ions were prepared. The effect of oxide modifiers MO (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) on spectroscopic properties of trivalent Ln{sup 3+} (Ln = Eu, Er, Pr) were systematically investigated. Especially, the luminescence spectra of Ln{sup 3+}-doped lead-free borate glasses are presented and discussed in relation to the impact of selective components (CaO, SrO and BaO). Several spectroscopic parameters, such as the fluorescence intensity ratio R/O (Eu{sup 3+}) and measured luminescence lifetimes for the {sup 5}D{sub 0} (Eu{sup 3+}), {sup 4}I{sub 13/2} (Er{sup 3+}) and {sup 1}D{sub 2} (Pr{sup 3+}) excited states of lanthanide ions were analyzed in details. The research proved that spectroscopic properties of trivalent Ln{sup 3+} depend significantly on kind of presence oxide modifiers MO (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) in glass host matrices. - Highlights: • Luminescence of Ln{sup 3+}-doped borate glasses was presented and discussed. • Effect of glass modifiers on spectroscopic properties of rare earths was studied. • Measured luminescence lifetimes of Ln{sup 3+} (Ln = Eu, Er, Pr) were analyzed. • Luminescence intensity ratios R/O (Eu{sup 3+}) were determined.

High critical currents in heavily doped (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3Ox superconductor tapes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Selvamanickam, V.; Gharahcheshmeh, M. Heydari; Xu, A.; Galstyan, E.; Delgado, L.; Cantoni, C.

2015-01-01

REBa 2 Cu 3 O x ((REBCO), RE = rare earth) superconductor tapes with moderate levels of dopants have been optimized for high critical current density in low magnetic fields at 77 K, but they do not exhibit exemplary performance in conditions of interest for practical applications, i.e., temperatures less than 50 K and fields of 2–30 T. Heavy doping of REBCO tapes has been avoided by researchers thus far due to deterioration in properties. Here, we report achievement of critical current densities (J c ) above 20 MA/cm 2 at 30 K, 3 T in heavily doped (25 mol. % Zr-added) (Gd,Y)Ba 2 Cu 3 O x superconductor tapes, which is more than three times higher than the J c typically obtained in moderately doped tapes. Pinning force levels above 1000 GN/m 3 have also been attained at 20 K. A composition map of lift factor in J c (ratio of J c at 30 K, 3 T to the J c at 77 K, 0 T) has been developed which reveals the optimum film composition to obtain lift factors above six, which is thrice the typical value. A highly c-axis aligned BaZrO 3 (BZO) nanocolumn defect density of nearly 7 × 10 11  cm −2 as well as 2–3 nm sized particles rich in Cu and Zr have been found in the high J c films

Effects of calcium doping on the superconducting properties of top-seeded melt growth processed Y1.5Ba2-xCaxCu3Oy superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, S.D.; Kim, H.J.; Park, B.J.; Han, Y.H.; Jun, B.-H.; Lee, J.S.; Kim, C.-J.

2011-01-01

We study effects of calcium doping in melt processed Y123 superconductors. We examine a superconducting transition temperature and current density. A transition temperature and current density decreases by calcium doping. Calcium doping leads to coarseing of Y211 particles. Y211 refining effect by CeO 2 is disappreared by calcium doping. The effect of calcium doping on the superconducting properties of top seeded melt growth (TSMG) processed Y 1.5 Ba 2-x Ca x Cu 3 O y superconductors was studied in terms of calcium content (X ca ). YBa 2-x Ca x Cu 3 O 7-δ (X ca = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.1, 0.3) powders were synthesized by the powder calcination method. YBa 2-x Ca x Cu 3 O 7-δ powders were mixed with 0.25 mole Y 2 O 3 powder and 1 wt.% CeO 2 as Y 2 BaCuO 5 (Y211) refiner, and finally made into Y 1 . 5 Ba 2-x Ca x Cu 3 O y (Y1.5) + 1 wt.% CeO 2 composition. The single Y123 growth on the top surface was observed up to X ca = 0.1, while the multiple Y123 growth was observed at X ca ≥ 0.1. The superconducting transition temperature (T c ) and critical current density (J c ) of TSMG processed Y1.5 samples were inversely proportional to X ca . The Y211 size increased with increasing X ca due to the enhancement of Y211 coarsening by calcium doping. No Y211 refining effect by CeO 2 was observed in the calcium doped samples. The T c and J c decrease by calcium doping are likely to be due to the calcium incorporation with the Y123 lattice and formation of coarse Y211 particles.

Luminescent properties of Eu2+-doped BaGdF5 glass ceramics a potential blue phosphor for ultra-violet light-emitting diode

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Weihuan; Zhang, Yuepin; Ouyang, Shaoye; Zhang, Zhixiong; Wang, Qian; Xia, Haiping

2015-01-01

Eu 2+ doped transparent oxyfluoride glass ceramics containing BaGdF 5 nanocrystals were successfully fabricated by melt-quenching technique under a reductive atmosphere. The structure of the glass and glass ceramics were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The luminescent properties were investigated by transmission, excitation, and emission spectra. The decay time of the Gd 3+ ions at 312 nm excited with 275 nm were also investigated. The results of XRD and TEM indicated the existence of BaGdF5 nanocrystals in the transparent glass ceramics. The excitation spectra of Eu 2+ doped glass ceramics showed an excellent overlap with the main emission region of an ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED). Compared with the as-made glass, the emission of glass ceramics is much stronger by a factor of increasing energy transfer efficiency from Gd 3+ to Eu 2+ ions, the energy transfer efficiency from Gd 3+ to Eu 2+ ions was discussed. In addition, the chromaticity coordinates of glass and glass ceramics specimens were also discussed, which indicated that the Eu 2+ doped BaGdF 5 glass ceramics may be used as a potential blue-emitting phosphor for UV-LED

Size dependent magnetic and electrical properties of Ba-doped nanocrystalline BiFeO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hasan, Mehedi, E-mail: mhrizvi@gce.buet.ac.bd; Hakim, M. A.; Zubair, M. A.; Hussain, A.; Islam, Md. Fakhrul [Department of Glass and Ceramic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000 (Bangladesh); Basith, M. A., E-mail: mabasith@phy.buet.ac.bd [Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000 (Bangladesh); Hossain, Md. Sarowar [S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, West Bengal 700098 (India); Ahmmad, Bashir [Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510 (Japan)

2016-03-15

Improvement in magnetic and electrical properties of multiferroic BiFeO{sub 3} in conjunction with their dependence on particle size is crucial due to its potential applications in multifunctional miniaturized devices. In this investigation, we report a study on particle size dependent structural, magnetic and electrical properties of sol-gel derived Bi{sub 0.9}Ba{sub 0.1}FeO{sub 3} nanoparticles of different sizes ranging from ∼ 12 to 49 nm. The substitution of Bi by Ba significantly suppresses oxygen vacancies, reduces leakage current density and Fe{sup 2+} state. An improvement in both magnetic and electrical properties is observed for 10 % Ba-doped BiFeO{sub 3} nanoparticles compared to its undoped counterpart. The saturation magnetization of Bi{sub 0.9}Ba{sub 0.1}FeO{sub 3} nanoparticles increase with reducing particle size in contrast with a decreasing trend of ferroelectric polarization. Moreover, a first order metamagnetic transition is noticed for ∼ 49 nm Bi{sub 0.9}Ba{sub 0.1}FeO{sub 3} nanoparticles which disappeared with decreasing particle size. The observed strong size dependent multiferroic properties are attributed to the complex interaction between vacancy induced crystallographic defects, multiple valence states of Fe, uncompensated surface spins, crystallographic distortion and suppression of spiral spin cycloid of BiFeO{sub 3}.

Intensive up-conversion photoluminescence of Er3+-doped Bi7Ti4NbO21 ferroelectric ceramics and its temperature sensing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hua Zou

2014-10-01

Full Text Available The intensive up-conversion (UC photoluminescence and temperature sensing behavior of Er3+-doped Bi7Ti4NbO21(BTN ferroelectric ceramics prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction technique have been investigated. The X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope analyses demonstrated that the Er3+-doped BTN ceramics are single phase and uniform flake-like structure. With the Er3+ ions doping, the intensive UC emission was observed without obviously changing the properties of ferroelectric. The optimal emission intensity was obtained when Er doping level was 15 mol.%. The temperature sensing behavior was studied by fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR technique of two green UC emission bands, and the experimental data fitted very well with the function of temperature in a range of 133–573 K. It suggested that the Er3+-doped BTN ferroelectric ceramics are very good candidates for applications such as optical thermometry, electro-optical devices and bio-imaging ceramics.

Effect of Ca-Doping on the Structure and Morphology of Polycrystalline La0.7(Ba1-xCax)0.3MnO3 (x = 0; 0.03; and 0.05)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Winarsih, S; Kurniawan, B; Manaf, A; Saptari, S A; Nanto, D

2016-01-01

In this paper, we report structure and morphology of polycrystalline La 0.7 (Ba 1-x Ca x ) 0.3 MnO 3 (x = 0; 0.03; 0.05). Basically, these materials are perovskite manganites type with the general structure AMnO 3 (A= trivalent rare earth with divalent ion-doped) which have been extensively studied due to their interesting physical properties. It was known that the electron transport in this material influenced by ion doped at A site. Doping with different divalent ions should cause the lattice distortion. Hence, double exchange interaction is enhanced. In this study, we prepared our sample through the sol-gel method. It is show that the method has resulted in powder materials with ultra-fine particle size. The effect of Ca +2 and Ba +2 doping on the structure did not make any phase changing, but the lattice parameter of La 0.7 (Ba 1-x Ca x ) 0.3 MnO 3 decreased below × = 0.03. Microstructure observed by scanning electron microscope to the sintered samples indicated that the microstructure is homogeneous with fine size of equiaxed grain morphology. Microanalysis by EDS confirmed there is no significant different between designated composition and measured one. It is concluded that effect of Ca+ 2 and Ba+ 2 doped in LaMnO 3 has resulted in microstructural and lattice parameter changes. The doped materials are remaining single phase. (paper)

Synthesis and characterization of Ag-doped TiO2 nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Ulfah, Ika Maria; Bachtiar, Boy M.; Murnandityas, Arnita Rut; Slamet

2018-05-01

The present paper is focused on comparative behavior of nanotubes growth on Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy using electrochemical anodization method. These alloys were anodized in electrolytes solution containing glycerol, water and 0.5wt.% of NH4F. Silver-doped TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized using photo-assisted deposition (PAD) at various Ag loading concentration in 0.05 M, 0.10 M, and 0.15 M. The phase composition and morphological characteristics were investigated by XRD and FESEM/EDX, respectively. The surface wettability was measured by contact angle meter. The results showed that TiO2 nanotubes can be grown on these surface alloys. XRD profiles revealed crystal formation of anatase, rutile and Ag on these surface alloys. According to FESEM images, the average nanotube diameter of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy are 134 nm and 120 nm, respectively. EDX-Mapping analysis showed that Ag desposited over surface of TiO2 nanotubes. The surface wettability indicated hydrophilicity properties on Ti-4Al-4V alloy and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy surface. This study may contribute to the development of silver-doped TiO2 nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V alloy and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy can be considered in various photocatalytic applications such as biomedical devicesdue to photocatalytic mechanism and antibacterial ability.

1887 nm lasing in Tm3+-doped TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3 glass microstructured fibers

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Shunbin; Yao, Chuanfei; Jia, Zhixu; Qin, Guanshi; Qin, Weiping

2017-04-01

In this paper, we demonstrate ∼2 μm lasing in Tm3+-doped fluorotellurite microstructured fibers. The Tm3+-doped fibers are based on TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3 glasses and fabricated by using a rod-in-tube method. Under the pump of a 1570 nm Er3+-doped fiber laser, lasing at 1887 nm is obtained in a ∼42.5 cm long Tm3+-doped fiber with a threshold pump power of 94 mW. As the pump power increases to 780 mW, the obtained maximum unsaturated power reaches up to ∼408 mW with a slop efficiency of ∼58.1%. This result indicates that the Tm3+-doped fluorotellurite fibers are promising gain media for ∼2 μm fiber lasers.

Photoluminescence in Sm3+ doped Ba2P2O7 phosphor prepared by solution combustion method

Science.gov (United States)

Ghawade, Sonal P.; Deshmukh, Kavita A.; Dhoble, S. J.; Deshmukh, Abhay D.

2018-05-01

In this paper, Sm3+ doped Ba2P2O7 phosphors were synthesized via a Solution combustion method. The crystal structure of the phosphor was characterized by XRD. Orange-red emission was observed from these phosphors under near-ultraviolet (UV) excitation at 404 nm. The luminescence properties of the obtained phosphors were characterized by different techniques. The Ba2P2O7:Sm3+ phosphor can be efficiently excited by near-UV and blue light, and their emission spectrum consists of three emission peaks, at 564, 602, and 646 nm, respectively. Based on the results, the as prepared Ba2P2O7:Sm3+ phosphors are promising orange-red-emitting phosphors exhibit great potential may be applicable as a spectral convertor in c-Si solar cell to enhance the efficiency of solar cell in future.

Structural and photoluminescence investigations of Sm{sup 3+} doped BaY{sub 2}ZnO{sub 5} nanophosphors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chahar, Sangeeta; Taxak, V.B.; Dalal, Mandeep; Singh, Sonika; Khatkar, S.P., E-mail: s_khatkar@rediffmail.com

2016-05-15

Highlights: • BaY{sub 2(1−x)}Sm{sub 2x}ZnO{sub 5} nanophosphors have been synthesized via solution combustion. • The nanophosphors have been characterized by XRD, TEM and PL spectroscopy. • The crystal structure reveals influence of doping on lattice parameters. • This nanophosphor executes orange–red emission under near UV excitation. - Abstract: BaY{sub 2}ZnO{sub 5}:Sm{sup 3+} nanophosphor was successfully synthesized using solution combustion process. XRD and photoluminescence (PL) techniques were used to analyze the structural and photoluminescence properties. Morphological study of the thermally stable powder was carried out using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Rietveld refinement technique has been used to analyze the samples qualitatively as well as quantitatively. X-Ray diffraction analysis confirms that the highly crystalline single phased Sm{sup 3+} doped BaY{sub 2}ZnO{sub 5} nanophosphor crystallizes in orthorhombic lattice with Pbnm space group. The average particle size lies in the range 80–90 nm with spherical morphology. The photoluminescence excitation at 411 nm yields an intense orange–red emission centered at 610 nm due to {sup 4}G{sub 5/2}–{sup 6}H{sub 7/2} transition. The concentration dependent luminescent behavior of BaY{sub 2(1−x)}Sm{sub 2x}ZnO{sub 5} nanophosphor shows that the optimum concentration for best luminescence is 3 mol%. These results indicate that these nanophosphors find potential applications in the field of phosphor-converted white LED systems.

Tailoring the piezoelectric and relaxor properties of (Bi1/2 Na1/2) TiO3- BaTiO3 via zirconium doping

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Glaum, Julia; Simons, Hugh; Acosta, Matias

2013-01-01

This article details the influence of zirconium doping on the piezoelectric properties and relaxor characteristics of 94(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-6Ba(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (BNT-6BZT) bulk ceramics. Neutron diffraction measurements of BNT-6BZT doped with 0%-15% Zr revealed an electric-field-induced transition...

Enhancment of ferromagnetism in Ba and Er co-doped BiFeO{sub 3} nanoparticles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Naeimi, A.S., E-mail: naeimi.a.s@gmail.com [Department of Physics, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Dehghan, E.; Sanavi Khoshnoud, D. [Department of Physics, Semnan University, Semnan 35195-363 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Gholizadeh, A. [School of Physics, Damghan University (DU), Damghan (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2015-11-01

Bi{sub 1−y−x}Ba{sub y}Er{sub x}FeO{sub 3} [BB{sub y}E{sub x}FO, (0.13≤y≤0.17, 0≤x≤0.2)] nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a sol–gel method. The structural, microstructural and magnetic properties have been investigated, using X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and magnetometry measurements at room temperature. The refinement of X-ray diffraction pattern of BB{sub 0.15}E{sub 0}FO indicates a phase transition from rhombohedral (R3c) to tetragonal (P4mm) with increasing Ba content and a transition from the coexistence of rhombohedral–tetragonal phase to orthorhombic (Pbnm) in BB{sub 0.15}E{sub x}FO samples with increasing Er concentration. The Raman analysis confirms crystal phase transition in BB{sub 0.15}E{sub x}FO compounds. The FE-SEM and TEM analysis show that the average nanoparticle size is about 50–100 nm and it decreases with Er concentration. The remnant magnetisation of BB{sub 0.15}E{sub 0.1}FO sample (M{sub r}=0.98 emu/g) is approximately two times greater than compared to BB{sub 0.15}E{sub 0}FO (M{sub r}=0.51 emu/g) that may be attributed to the collapse of spin structure and modifying exchange interactions because of Er{sup +3} doping. This enhancement in magnetic properties at room temperature can play an important role for the practical applications. - Highlights: • Bi{sub 1−y−x}Ba{sub y}Er{sub x}FeO{sub 3} nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a sol–gel route. • X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements confirmed a phase transition from rhombohedral–orthorhombic. • Considerable enhancement in magnetisation of BiFeO{sub 3} is obtained with Ba and Er co-doping.

Lanthanide doped BaTiO{sub 3}−SrTiO{sub 3} solid-solution phosphors: Structure, optical spectroscopy and upconverted temperature sensing behavior

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Daqin, E-mail: dqchen@hdu.edu.cn; Xu, Wei; Zhou, Yang; Chen, Yan, E-mail: chenyan@hdu.edu.cn

2016-08-15

Lanthanide doped Ba{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}TiO{sub 3} (x = 0–1) solid-solution phosphors were successfully prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction. Using Eu{sup 3+} dopants as the structural probe, the variation of {sup 5}D{sub 0} → {sup 7}F{sub 2}/{sup 5}D{sub 0} → {sup 7}F{sub 1} emission intensity ratio with increase of Eu{sup 3+} content and the excitation-wavelength-dependent luminescence in the Ba{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}TiO{sub 3} sample were demonstrated to be originated from the different emission behaviors of Eu{sup 3+} in Ba{sup 2+}/Sr{sup 2+} site and Ti{sup 4+} site. Furthermore, upconversion luminescence for the Yb{sup 3+}/Er{sup 3+} co-doped Ba{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}TiO{sub 3} samples were investigated, and it was found that the emission intensity of Yb{sup 3+}/Er{sup 3+}: Ba{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}TiO{sub 3} phosphor was about 5 and 2 times as high as those of Yb{sup 3+}/Er{sup 3+}: BaTiO{sub 3} and Yb{sup 3+}/Er{sup 3+}: SrTiO{sub 3} ones. Using the investigated Yb{sup 3+}/Er{sup 3+}: Ba{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}TiO{sub 3} solid-solution as the optical thermometric medium, the temperature sensitivity was determined to be 0.76% K{sup −1} at the temperature of 610 K based on the temperature-dependent fluorescence intensity ratio of the thermally coupled {sup 2}H{sub 11/2} and {sup 4}S{sub 3/2} emitting-states of Er{sup 3+}. - Highlights: • Lanthanide doped Ba{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}TiO{sub 3} (x = 0–1) solid-solutions were fabricated. • Excitation-wavelength-dependent Eu{sup 3+} emissions were recorded. • Enhanced Er{sup 3+} luminescence was realized by partial substitution of Ba{sup 2+} by Sr{sup 2+}. • T-sensitive emissions of two Er{sup 3+} thermally coupled states were observed. • The upconversion phosphor exhibited a high sensitivity of 0.76% K{sup −1}.

Direct writing Eu3+-doped Ba2TiSi2O8 crystalline pattern by femtosecond laser irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu Bin; Dai Ye; Ma Hongliang; Zhang Songmin; Qiu Jianrong

2008-01-01

A femtosecond laser with 800 nm, 250 kHz and 150 fs has been used to irradiate Eu 3+ -doped BaO-TiO 2 -SiO 2 glasses. It is found from micro-Raman spectra and optical microscope that crystalline dots and lines are formed around the focal point of the femtosecond laser beam. Both blue emission at 400 nm due to the second harmonic generation and red emission due to the transitions of Eu 3+ are observed from the irradiation region with the precipitation of Ba 2 TiSi 2 O 8 crystal. The mechanism of the observed phenomenon is discussed

Low sintering temperature and high piezoelectric properties of Li-doped (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O{sub 3} lead-free ceramics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Xiaoming [Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039 (China); School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237 (China); Ruan, Xuezheng; Zhao, Kunyun [Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); He, Xueqing [School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004 (China); Zeng, Jiangtao, E-mail: zjt@mail.sic.ac.cn [Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Li, Yongsheng [School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237 (China); Zheng, Liaoying [Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Park, Chul Hong [Department of Physics Education, Pusan National University, Pusan 609735 (Korea, Republic of); Li, Guorong [Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China)

2015-05-25

Highlights: • Li-doped Ba{sub 0.85}Ca{sub 0.15}Ti{sub 0.9}Zr{sub 0.1}O{sub 3} (BCZT) lead-free piezoceramics were prepared by the two-step synthesis and solid-state reaction method. • Their sintering temperature decreases from about 1540 °C down to about 1400 °C. • With the proper addition of Li, the densities and grain sizes of ceramics increase. • The ceramics not only have the characteristics of hard piezoceramics but also possesses the features of soft piezoceramics at low sintering temperature. - Abstract: Li-doped Ba{sub 0.85}Ca{sub 0.15}Ti{sub 0.9}Zr{sub 0.1}O{sub 3} (BCZT) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the two-step synthesis and the solid-state reaction method. The density and grain size of ceramics sufficiently increases by Li-doped sintering aid, and their sintering temperature decreases from about 1540 °C down to about 1400 °C. X-ray diffraction reveals that the phase structure of Li-doped BCTZ ceramics is changed with the sintering temperature, which is consistent with their phase transition observed by the temperature-dependent dielectric curves. The well-poled Li-doped BCZT ceramics show a high piezoelectric constant d{sub 33} (512 pC/N) and a planar electromechanical coupling factor k{sub p} (0.49), which have the characteristics of soft Pb(Zr,Ti)O{sub 3} (PZT) piezoceramic, on the other hand, the mechanical quality factor Q{sub m} is about 190, which possesses the features of hard PZT piezoceramics. The enhanced properties of the Li-doped BCZT are explained by the combination of Li-doped effect and sintering effect on the microstructure and the phase transition around room temperature.

Strong composition dependence of resistive switching in Ba1-xSrxTiO3 thin films on semiconducting substrates and its thermodynamic analysis

OpenAIRE

Mohammad Moradi, Omid; Şen, Canhan; Sen, Canhan; Boni, A. G.; Pintilie, L.; Mısırlıoğlu, Burç; Misirlioglu, Burc

2018-01-01

In this work, we report on the variability of the Schottky effect in solution processed Ba1-xSrxTiO3 films (BST, x = 0, 0.5) grown on 0.5% Nb doped SrTiO3 substrates with top Pt electrodes (NSTO/BST/Pt). The films display leakage currents accompanied by varying degrees of hystereses in the current-voltage measurements. The magnitude of the leakage and hystereses depend on the Sr content. We focus on the current-voltage (I-V) behavior of our samples in the light of thermodynamic theory of ferr...

Sinterability and conductivity of barium doped aluminium lanthanum oxyapatite La{sub 9.5}Ba{sub 0.5}Si{sub 5.5}Al{sub 0.5}O{sub 26.5} electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cao Xiaoguo [Faculty of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong (China); Jiang Sanping, E-mail: s.jiang@curtin.edu.au [Fuels and Energy Technology Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102 (Australia)

2012-05-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ba doping enhances the sintering and densification properties of aluminium lanthanum apatite. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ba doping improves the oxide conductivity of aluminium lanthanum apatite. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The enhancement of Ba doping is mainly due to the significantly reduced grain boundary resistance of the aluminium lanthanum apatite. - Abstract: Apatite ceramics are interesting alternative solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) electrolytes because of their open structure for the transportation of oxide ions and their good chemical stability. This study reports the influence of barium doping on the microstructure, sinterability and oxide conductivity properties of the aluminium lanthanum oxyapatite La{sub 9.5}Ba{sub 0.5}Si{sub 5.5}Al{sub 0.5}O{sub 26.5}. SEM results show that lanthanum substitution with barium improves the sinterability of apatite ceramics. The barium doping also enhances the conductivity of the aluminium lanthanum silicates. The oxygen ion conductivity of La{sub 9.5}Ba{sub 0.5}Si{sub 5.5}Al{sub 0.5}O{sub 26.5} sintered at 1600 Degree-Sign C is 2.21 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -2} S cm{sup -1} at 800 Degree-Sign C, higher than 9.81 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -3} S cm{sup -1} of La{sub 10}Si{sub 5}AlO{sub 26.5} sample prepared under the same conditions. The results in the present study demonstrate that doping Ba on the La site for aluminium lanthanum oxyapatite reduces the sintering temperature and improves the ion conductivity. The enhancement of Ba dopant is mainly on the improvement of the densification and thus substantially reduced grain boundary resistance of aluminium lanthanum oxyapatite particularly at low temperatures.

Performance evaluation of Mn and Fe doped SrCo0.9Nb0.1O3-δ cathode for IT-SOFC application

Science.gov (United States)

Bele, Lokesh; Lenka, R. K.; Patro, P. K.; Muhmood, L.; Mahata, T.; Sinha, P. K.

2018-02-01

Cathode materials of Mn and Fe doped SrCo0.9Nb0.1O3-δ, are synthesized by solid state route for intermediate temperature fuel cell applications. Phase pure material is obtained after calcining the precursors at 1100 °C. Phase compatibility is observed between this novel cathode material with gadolinia doped ceria (GDC) electrolyte material as reflected in the diffraction pattern. The state of art YSZ electrolyte is not compatible with this cathode material. Average thermal expansion coefficient of the material varies between 17 to 22 X 10-6 K-1 on doping, from room temperature to 800 °C. Increase in thermal expansion coefficient is observed with Mn and Fe doping associated with the loss of oxygen from the crystal. The electrical conductivity of the cathode material decreases with Fe and Mn doping. Mn doped samples show lowest conductivity. From the symmetric cell measurement lower area specific resistance (0.16 Ω-cm2) is obtained for un-doped samples, at 850 °C. From the initial results it can be inferred that Mn/Fe doping improves neither the thermal expansion co-efficient nor the electrochemical activity.

Sorption properties and reversibility of Ti(IV) and Nb(V)-fluoride doped-Ca(BH{sub 4}){sub 2}-MgH{sub 2} system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonatto Minella, Christian, E-mail: christian.minella@kit.edu [Institute for Metallic Materials, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-01069 Dresden (Germany); Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden (Germany); Garroni, Sebastiano [Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Universitá di Sassari and INSTM, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari (Italy); Pistidda, Claudio [Institute of Materials Research, Materials Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Max Planck Str. 1, D-21502 Geesthacht (Germany); Baró, Maria Dolors [Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Spain); Gutfleisch, Oliver [Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Klassen, Thomas; Dornheim, Martin [Institute of Materials Research, Materials Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Max Planck Str. 1, D-21502 Geesthacht (Germany)

2015-02-15

Highlights: • Faster desorption reaction for doped materials vs. the pure composite system. • Kinetic improvement concerning re-hydrogenation reaction showed by the addition of NbF{sub 5}. • Full characterization of the de-hydrogenation reaction pathway by means of both SR-PXD and {sup 11}B{"1H} MAS-NMR. • Study of the evolution of the chemical state of the additives upon both milling and sorption reactions. - Abstract: In the last decade, alkaline and alkaline earth metal tetrahydroborates have been the focuses of the research due to their high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen densities. Among them, Ca(BH{sub 4}){sub 2} and the Ca(BH{sub 4}){sub 2} + MgH{sub 2} reactive hydride composites (RHC), were calculated to have the ideal thermodynamic properties which fall within the optimal range for mobile applications. In this study, the addition of NbF{sub 5} or TiF{sub 4} to the Ca(BH{sub 4}){sub 2} + MgH{sub 2} reactive hydride composite system was attempted aiming to obtain a full reversible system with the simultaneous suppression of CaB{sub 12}H{sub 12}. Structural characterization of the specimens was performed by means of in-situ Synchrotron Radiation Powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD) and {sup 11}B{"1H} Solid State Magic Angle Spinning-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS-NMR). The evolution of the chemical state of the Nb- and Ti-based additives was monitored by X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES). The addition of NbF{sub 5} or TiF{sub 4} to the Ca(BH{sub 4}){sub 2} + MgH{sub 2} system have not suppressed completely the formation of CaB{sub 12}H{sub 12} and only a slight improvement concerning the reversible reaction was displayed just in the case of Nb-doped composite material.

Doped titanium dioxide nanocrystalline powders with high photocatalytic activity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Castro, A.L.; Nunes, M.R.; Carvalho, M.D.; Ferreira, L.P.; Jumas, J.-C.; Costa, F.M.; Florencio, M.H.

2009-01-01

Doped titanium dioxide nanopowders (M:TiO 2 ; M=Fe, Co, Nb, Sb) with anatase structure were successfully synthesized through an hydrothermal route preceded by a precipitation doping step. Structural and morphological characterizations were performed by powder XRD and TEM. Thermodynamic stability studies allowed to conclude that the anatase structure is highly stable for all doped TiO 2 prepared compounds. The photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized nanopowders was tested and the results showed an appreciable enhancement in the photoactivity of the Sb:TiO 2 and Nb:TiO 2 , whereas no photocatalytic activity was detected for the Fe:TiO 2 and Co:TiO 2 nanopowders. These results were correlated to the doping ions oxidation states, determined by Moessbauer spectroscopy and magnetization data. - Graphical abstract: Doped titanium dioxide nanopowders (M:TiO 2 ; M=Fe, Co, Nb, Sb) with highly stable anatase structure were successfully synthesized through an hydrothermal route. The photocatalytic efficiencies of the synthesized nanopowders were tested and the results show an appreciable enhancement in the photoactivity of the Sb:TiO 2 and Nb:TiO 2 .

Isothermal transport properties and majority-type defects of BaCo(0.70)Fe(0.22)Nb(0.08)O(3-δ).

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Taewon; Cho, Deok-Yong; Kwon, Hyung-Soon; Yoo, Han-Ill

2015-01-28

(Ba,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3-δ based mixed conducting oxides, e.g. (Ba0.5Sr0.5)(Co1-xFex)O3-δ and Ba(Co0.7Fe0.3-xNbx)O3-δ, are promising candidates for oxygen permeable membranes and SOFC cathodes due to their excellent ambipolar conductivities. Despite these excellent properties, however, their mass/charge transport properties have not been fully characterized and hence, their defect structure has not been clearly elucidated. Until now, the majority types of ionic and electronic defects have been regarded as oxygen vacancies and localized holes. Holes, whether localized or not, are acceptable as majority electronic carriers on the basis of the as-measured total conductivity, which is essentially electronic, and electronic thermopower. On the other hand, the proposal of oxygen vacancies as majority ionic carriers lacks solid evidence. In this work, we document all the isothermal transport properties of Ba(Co0.70Fe0.22Nb0.08)O3-δ in terms of a 2 × 2 Onsager transport coefficient matrix and its steady-state electronic thermopower against oxygen activity at elevated temperatures, and determine the valences of Co and Fe via soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. It turns out that the ionic and electronic defects in majority should be oxygen interstitials and at least two kinds of holes, one free and the other trapped. Furthermore, the lattice molecule should be Ba(Co0.7Fe0.3-xNbx)O2+δ, not Ba(Co0.7Fe0.3-xNbx)O3-δ, to be consistent with all the results observed.

Ca doping of TSMTG-YBa2Cu3O7-δ/Y2BaCuO5 composites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Delorme, F.; Harnois, C.; Monot-Laffez, I.; Marinel, S.

2002-01-01

Calcium doped YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ /Y 2 BaCuO 5 bulk samples have been synthesised by the top-seeding-melt-texture growth (TSMTG) process up to 1 wt.% of CaCO 3 . Calcium additions up to 0.25 wt.% of CaCO 3 do not change the decomposition temperature whereas additions of 1 wt.% of CaCO 3 lead to an increase of the decomposition temperature of about 10 deg. C. This difference is not important enough to change the thermal cycle used to process YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ undoped bulk samples. Microstructure studies show that no precursor or secondary phases containing calcium are present in the samples. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses have shown that Ca is present both in the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ matrix and the Y 2 BaCuO 5 particles. The position of the calcium atoms in the superconducting matrix is discussed. The calcium doped samples present slightly depressed critical temperatures but drastically depressed critical current densities

Hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. 16. Rhombohedral 12 L-stacking polytypes Ba/sub 3/Asup(III)M/sub 3/sup(V)vacantO/sub 12/ with Msup(V) = Nb, Ta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie 2

1980-02-01

The white quaternary oxides Ba/sub 3/LaM/sub 3/sup(V)vacantO/sub 12/ with Msup(V) = Nb, Ta belong to the group of hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. They crystallize in a rhombohedral 12 L-structure (sequence (hhcc)/sub 3/; space group R3m) with a = 5.75 A; c = 28.1 A (Msup(V) = Nb); a = 5.74 A; c = 28.2 A (Ta) and Z = 3. Signs for the formation of isotypic compounds with Asup(III) = Pr, Nd could be obtained as well.

First-principles calculation of the effects of Li-doping on the structure and piezoelectricity of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 lead-free ceramics.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, D; Wei, L L; Chao, X L; Yang, Z P; Zhou, X Y

2016-03-21

The crystal structures of the lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 and (K0.5Na0.5)0.94Li0.06NbO3 prepared by a solid-state method were investigated using first-principles calculations. The calculated values of piezoelectricity were in good agreement with the experimental data. We found that the primary contribution to piezoelectricity in this material comes from the hybridization of the O 2p and Nb 4d orbitals, which causes a change in the Nb-O bond length and the distortion of the Nb-O octahedral structure. Analysis of the band structure and the total density of states revealed that Li-doped (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 enhances hybridization of the O 2p and Nb 4d orbitals. This hybridization enhancement further reduces the Nb-O1 bond length and enhances the distortion of the Nb-O octahedron along the [001] direction, which may be the main reason for the improvement of the piezoelectric properties. In addition, the piezoelectric coefficients are calculated here, which show the same trend as the experimental results.

Thermoelectric transport properties of BaBiTe{sub 3}-based materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhou, Yiming; Zhao, Li-Dong, E-mail: zhaolidong@buaa.edu.cn

2017-05-15

BaBiTe{sub 3}, a material with low thermal conductivity, is an inferior thermoelectric material due to the poor electrical properties originated from its narrow band gap. We choose two types of dopants, K and La, trying to optimize its electrical transport properties. The minority carriers, which harm the Seebeck coefficient in this system, are suppressed by La doping. With the increase of both electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, the power factor of 3% La doped BaBiTe{sub 3} reaches 3.7 μW cm{sup −1} K{sup −2} which increased by 40% from undoped BaBiTe{sub 3}. Besides high power factor, the thermal conductivity is also reduced in it. Eventually, a high ZT value, 0.25 at 473 K, for n-type BaBiTe{sub 3} is achieved in 3% La doped BaBiTe{sub 3}. - Graphical abstract: BaBiTe{sub 3} possesses a low thermal conductivity. However, it is an inferior thermoelectric material due to the poor electrical properties originated from its narrow band gap. A high ZT value of 0.25 at 473 K for n-type BaBiTe{sub 3} can be achieved through optimizing electrical transport properties via La doping. - Highlights: • BaBiTe{sub 3} is an analogue of these promising thermoelectric materials: such as CsBi{sub 4}Te{sub 6} and K{sub 2}Bi{sub 8}Se{sub 13}, etc. • BaBiTe{sub 3} possesses a low thermal conductivity. • La is an effective dopant to enhance electrical transport properties. • A high ZT value of 0.25 at 473 K can be achieved in n-type La-doped BaBiTe{sub 3}.

Dielectric behavior of samarium-doped BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Yuanliang; Wang, Ranran; Ma, Xuegang; Li, Zhongqiu; Sang, Rongli; Qu, Yuanfang

2014-01-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • We investigate dielectric properties and phase transition of Sm 3+ -doped BaZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 ceramics. • The additive amount of Sm 2 O 3 can greatly affect the dielectric properties. • The materials undergo a diffuse type ferroelectric phase transition. • There is an alternation of substitution preference of Sm 3+ ion for the host cations in perovskite lattice. - Abstract: The dielectric properties and phase transition of Sm 3+ -doped BaZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 (BZT20) ceramics were investigated. Room temperature X-ray diffraction study suggested that the compositions had single-phase cubic symmetry. Microstructure studies showed that the grain size decreased and that the Sm 2 O 3 amount markedly affected the dielectric properties of BZT20. A dielectric constant of 5700 at 0.2 mol% Sm 2 O 3 and a dissipation factor of only 0.0011 at 2 mol% Sm 2 O 3 were observed, indicating that BZT20 had significant potential applications. Moreover, the dielectric constant, dissipation factor, phase-transition temperature, and maximum dielectric constant increased with increased Sm 2 O 3 amount at ≤0.2 mol% Sm 2 O 3 but decreased with increased Sm 2 O 3 amount at >0.2 mol% Sm 2 O 3

Dehydration of Glucose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Nb-doped Tungstite

KAUST Repository

Yue, Chaochao; Li, Guanna; Pidko, Evgeny A.; Wiesfeld, Jan J.; Rigutto, Marcello; Hensen, Emiel J. M.

2016-01-01

Dehydration of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) remains a significant problem in the context of the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. Hydrolysis of WCl6 and NbCl5 leads to precipitation of Nb-containing tungstite (WO3H2O) at low Nb

Tailoring order–disorder temperature and microwave dielectric properties of Ba[(Co0.6Zn0.41/3Nb2/3]O3 ceramics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tu Lai Sun

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The order–disorder temperature (To–d of Ba[(Co0.6Zn0.41/3Nb2/3]O3 ceramics was determined via X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis, respectively. To–d was determined to be between 1425 and 1450 °C by a quenching method. The endothermic peak in the DTA curve shows the order–disorder transition. B2O3 was applied to tune the densification temperature (Ts and tailor the microwave dielectric properties. The ordering degree and unloaded quality factor (Qf are improved when Ts is reduced to 1400 °C at B2O3 content of 0.25 mol%. Ts is further decreased and the ordering degree and Qf are decreased when B2O3 content is increased to 0.5 mol%. The dielectric constant (εr and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf decrease slightly with increasing B2O3 content. The optimum microwave dielectric properties (i.e., εr = 34.0, Qf = 50,400 GHz, τf = 5.5 × 10−6/°C are obtained for the Ba[(Co0.6Zn0.41/3Nb2/3]O3-0.25 mol% B2O3 ceramics sintered at a lower temperature.

Dehydration of Glucose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Nb-doped Tungstite

KAUST Repository

Yue, Chaochao

2016-08-05

Dehydration of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) remains a significant problem in the context of the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. Hydrolysis of WCl6 and NbCl5 leads to precipitation of Nb-containing tungstite (WO3H2O) at low Nb content and mixtures of tungstite and niobic acid at higher Nb content. Tungstite is a promising catalyst for the dehydration of glucose to HMF. Compared with Nb2O5, fewer by-products are formed because of the low BrOnsted acidity of the (mixed) oxides. In water, an optimum yield of HMF was obtained for Nb-W oxides with low Nb content owing to balanced Lewis and BrOnsted acidity. In THF/water, the strong Lewis acidity and weak BrOnsted acidity caused the reaction to proceed through isomerization to fructose and dehydration of fructose to a partially dehydrated intermediate, which was identified by LC-ESI-MS. The addition of HCl to the reaction mixture resulted in rapid dehydration of this intermediate to HMF. The HMF yield obtained in this way was approximately 56% for all tungstite catalysts. Density functional theory calculations show that the Lewis acid centers on the tungstite surface can isomerize glucose into fructose. Substitution of W by Nb lowers the overall activation barrier for glucose isomerization by stabilizing the deprotonated glucose adsorbate.

Growth temperature dependence of flux pinning properties in ErBa2Cu3Oy thin films with nano-rods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haruta, M.; Sueyoshi, T.; Fujiyoshi, T.; Mukaida, M.; Kai, H.; Matsumoto, K.; Mele, P.; Maeda, T.; Horii, S.

2011-01-01

Nano-rods were introduced into ErBa 2 Cu 3 O y thin films to improve J c . Pinning properties depended on the growth temperature of the films. Morphology of nano-rods was affected by the growth temperature. The growth temperature is important to achieve high in-field J c 's. Irreversibility lines and distributions of local critical current density (J cl ) based on the percolation transition model were affected by the growth temperature (T s ) in 3.5 wt.%-BaNb 2 O 6 -doped ErBa 2 Cu 3 O y thin films. The vortex-Bose-glass-like state appeared by the introduction of nano-rods, and this vortex state was affected by T s . The shape and width of the J cl distribution strongly depended on T s . These results are probably caused by variations of the density and the growth direction for nano-rods reflecting T s . The growth temperature is an important factor to achieve higher critical current properties under magnetic fields for coated conductors of rare-earth-based cuprates with nano-rods.

Correlation and comparison of Nb2 lymphoma cell bioassay with radioimmunoassay for human prolactin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Subramanian, M.G.; Spirtos, N.J.; Moghissi, K.S.; Magyar, D.M.; Hayes, M.F.; Gala, R.R.

1984-01-01

Serum samples from groups of men and women with normal and elevated prolactin (PRL) levels were assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and by Nb 2 lymphoma cell bioassay (BA) for the presence of PRL. Because the Nb 2 lymphoma cells respond to both PRL and growth hormone, BA for PRL activity was carried out before and after neutralization of growth hormone in the serum samples. There were excellent correlations between RIA and BA both in euprolactinemic and hyperprolactinemic subjects. On an absolute basis, RIA and BA values were similar in the euprolactinemic group (6.6 +/- 0.8 versus 6.2 +/- 1.0), whereas in the hyperprolactinemic group, RIA values were significantly higher than the BA results. The two assay systems also appeared to correlate better in women who were hyperprolactinemic, with obvious menstrual cycle disturbances, than in hyperprolactinemic women without menstrual cycle disturbances

Atomic Defects and Doping of Monolayer NbSe2.

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Lan; Komsa, Hannu-Pekka; Khestanova, Ekaterina; Kashtiban, Reza J; Peters, Jonathan J P; Lawlor, Sean; Sanchez, Ana M; Sloan, Jeremy; Gorbachev, Roman V; Grigorieva, Irina V; Krasheninnikov, Arkady V; Haigh, Sarah J

2017-03-28

We have investigated the structure of atomic defects within monolayer NbSe 2 encapsulated in graphene by combining atomic resolution transmission electron microscope imaging, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and strain mapping using geometric phase analysis. We demonstrate the presence of stable Nb and Se monovacancies in monolayer material and reveal that Se monovacancies are the most frequently observed defects, consistent with DFT calculations of their formation energy. We reveal that adventitious impurities of C, N, and O can substitute into the NbSe 2 lattice stabilizing Se divacancies. We further observe evidence of Pt substitution into both Se and Nb vacancy sites. This knowledge of the character and relative frequency of different atomic defects provides the potential to better understand and control the unusual electronic and magnetic properties of this exciting two-dimensional material.

Synthesis and characterization of BaAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+} co-doped with different rare earth ions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lephoto, M.A. [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Private bag X 13, Phuthaditjaba 9866, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300 (South Africa); Ntwaeaborwa, O.M., E-mail: ntwaeab@ufs.ac.za [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Private bag X 13, Phuthaditjaba 9866, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300 (South Africa); Pitale, Shreyas S.; Swart, H.C. [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Private bag X 13, Phuthaditjaba 9866, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300 (South Africa); Botha, J.R. [Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, ZA 6031 (South Africa); Mothudi, B.M. [Department of Physics, University of South Africa, P.O Box 392, Pretoria, ZA 6031 (South Africa)

2012-05-15

Combustion method was used in this study to prepare BaAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+} phosphors co-doped with different trivalent rare-earths (Re{sup 3+}=Dy{sup 3+}, Nd{sup 3+}, Gd{sup 3+}, Sm{sup 3+}, Ce{sup 3+}, Er{sup 3+}, Pr{sup 3+} and Tb{sup 3+}) ions at an initiating temperature of 600 Degree-Sign C. The phosphors were annealed at 1000 Degree-Sign C for 3 h. As confirmed from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, both as prepared and post annealed samples crystallized in the well known hexagonal structure of BaAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}. All samples exhibited bluish-green emission associated with the 4f{sup 6}5d{sup 1}{yields}4f{sup 7} transitions of Eu{sup 2+} at {approx}500 nm. Although the highest intensity was observed from Er{sup 3+} co-doping, the longest afterglow (due to trapping and detrapping of charge carriers) was observed from Nd{sup 3+} followed by Dy{sup 3+} co-doping. The traps responsible for the long afterglow were studied using thermoluminescence (TL) spectroscopy.

Structural, electrical and magnetic properties of Sb-doped Pr2/3Ba1/3MnO3 perovskite manganites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sen, Vikram; Panwar, Neeraj; Bhalla, G.L.; Agarwal, S.K.

2007-01-01

We report here the electrical, magnetic and micro-structural features of the Sb-doped (nominally at Mn-sites) Pr 2/3 Ba 1/3 MnO 3 perovskite manganites. Pristine material shows two insulator-metal (I-M) like transitions in the resistivity-temperature (ρ-T) behaviour. While the higher temperature transition (T P1 ) at ∼195 K is reminiscent of the usual metal-insulator transition, the lower temperature transition (T P2 ) at ∼160 K has been ascribed to the grain boundary (GB) effects arising out of the ionic size mismatch between the ions present at the rare-earth site (Pr and Ba). With Sb doping at the Mn-site, both the resistivity peaks are seen to shift to lower temperatures. Room temperature resistivity and the peak values are also successively increasing with Sb doping. Scanning electron micrographs of the samples indicate a gradual increase in their grain sizes with Sb which indicates a gradual decrease in the GB density. The higher temperature insulator-metal transition (T P1 ) shift is explained on the basis of a competition between double-exchange and super-exchange mechanisms. The observed overall resistivity increase and the shift in the resistivity hump (T P2 ) with Sb are found related to the gradually decreasing GB density and the ensuing lattice strain increase at the grain boundaries. The intrinsic MR gets suppressed and the extrinsic MR gets enhanced with Sb doping. The observed low temperature resistivity upturn related to the localization of carriers, is also seen to increase with Sb

Synthesis, structure, and electrical conductivity of A'[A(sub 2)B(sub 3)O(sub 10)] (A'=Rb, Cs A=Sr, Ba; B=Nb, Ta)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thangadurai, Venkataraman; Schmid-Beurmann, Peter; Weppner, Werner

2001-01-01

New members of Dion-Jacobson (D-J)-type layered perovskites of the general formula A'[A(sub 2)B(sub 3)O(sub 10)] (A'=Rb, Cs; A=Sr, Ba; B=Nb, Ta) were prepared by solid-state reactions between the metal oxides, nitrates, and carbonates under specific conditions. The crystal structures were determined using powder X-ray diffraction data in combination with Rietveld analysis. The c-axis lattice parameter increases as the size of the alkaline earth ion increases. Both Sr and Ba compounds crystallize in a tetragonal cell, while the corresponding Ca compounds crystallize in an orthorhombic cell. The electrical conductivity of the layered perovskites was determined using AC impedance analysis and DC methods. Among the compounds with the same alkali ion and different alkaline earth ions, the Ca compound exhibits a higher electrical conductivity than the corresponding Sr and Ba compounds. DC measurements reveal that the layered perovskites exhibit both ionic and electronic conduction

Critical current densities and flux creep rate in Co-doped BaFe2As2 with columnar defects introduced by heavy-Ion irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakajima, Y.; Tsuchiya, Y.; Taen, T.; Yagyuda, H.; Tamegai, T.; Okayasu, S.; Sasase, M.; Kitamura, H.; Murakami, T.

2010-01-01

We report the formation of columnar defects in Co-doped BaFe 2 As 2 single crystals with different heavy-ion irradiations. The formation of columnar defects by 200 MeV Au ion irradiation is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and their density is about 40% of the irradiation dose. Magneto-optical imaging and bulk magnetization measurements reveal that the critical current density J c is enhanced in the 200 MeV Au and 800 MeV Xe ion irradiated samples while J c is unchanged in the 200 MeV Ni ion irradiated sample. We also find that vortex creep rates are strongly suppressed by the columnar defects. We compare the effect of heavy-ion irradiation into Co-doped BaFe 2 As 2 and cuprate superconductors.

Synthesis and photoluminescence of Sm3+ doped alkali alkaline earth borate hosts NaBa4 (BO3)3 and LiSr4(BO3)3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chauhan, A.V.; Nagpure, P.A.; Omanwar, S.K.

2012-01-01

In this paper we report the photoluminescence of Sm 3+ doped alkali alkaline borate hosts NaBa 4 (BO 3 ) 3 and LiSr 4 (BO 3 ) 3 . For the synthesis of alkali alkaline borate hosts NaBa 4 (BO 3 ) 3 and LiSr 4 (BO 3 ) 3 doped with different concentrations of Sm 3+ ions, we used the novel combustion technique. The phase purity of the hosts was confirmed by the powder XRD technique. The photoluminescence of the phosphors were carried out within 300 to 700 nm wavelength range. The phosphor shows intense orange red (602 nm) emission for near UV excitation. The FTIR spectra of the phase pure hosts have also been reported. (author)

Nonlinear optical properties of TeO2-P2 O5- ZnO-LiNbO3 glass doped with Er3+ ions

Science.gov (United States)

Miedzinski, R.; Fuks-Janczarek, I.; El Sayed Said, Y.

2016-10-01

A series of lithium niobate LiNbO3 (LN) single crystals doped with Er3+ were grown under the same conditions by melt-quenching method. The distribution coefficients of rare-earth (RE) elements in the "crystal-melt" system of LN were determined at the beginning of the crystal growth. Their dependence on the dopant concentration in melt for 0.4 and 0.8 wt % was investigated. The procedure is applied to RE-doped lithium niobate (LiNbO3), a material of great interest for optoelectronic applications. We have obtained the real χR(3) and imaginary parts χI(3) of the third-order, nonlinear optical susceptibility to the nonlinear refractive index n2 and the nonlinear absorption coefficient β that are valid for absorbing systems. We show that nonlinear refractive or absorptive effects are the consequence of the interplay between the real and imaginary parts of the third-order susceptibilities of the materials. The method for measuring non-linear absorption coefficients and nonlinear refractive index based on well-known Z-scan is presented.

Enhancement in the high-T{sub c} phase of BSCCO superconductors by Nb addition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Soezeri, Hueseyin [TUBITAK-UME, National Metrology Institute, PO Box 54 TR-41470, Gebze Kocaeli (Turkey); Ghazanfari, Nader [Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, 06531 Ankara (Turkey); Oezkan, Huesnue [Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, 06531 Ankara (Turkey); Kilic, Ahmet [Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, 06531 Ankara (Turkey)

2007-06-15

Pure and Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} added Bi{sub 1.6}Pb{sub 0.4}Nb{sub x}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub {delta}} superconductors (x varies up to 0.30) were synthesized by the solid state reaction method. Structural and superconducting properties of the samples were investigated. The fraction of the high-T{sub c} phase (2223) increases with Nb addition up to x = 0.10, for which a nearly single 2223 phase was obtained. The critical temperature of the samples increases from 96 to 104 K with doping up to x = 0.20 and a further increase in Nb decreases the T{sub c} sharply. Similarly, there is a considerable enhancement in the critical current density (j{sub c}) of the samples in the same doping range. Both AC susceptibility and transport measurements showed that the optimum Nb concentration is x = 0.20. The out-of-phase component of the AC susceptibility measurements showed that inter-grain coupling was enhanced up to the same doping level. Nb additions above x = 0.30 decrease the fraction of the high-T{sub c} phase and degrade the superconducting properties. Present measurements indicate that x = 0.20 is the optimum Nb concentration in the BSCCO superconductor to enhance phase purity, inter-grain coupling and superconducting parameters (T{sub c} and j{sub c})

Optical and structural characterization of the pure and doped BaY{sub 2}F{sub 8} with rare earths for application in radiation detectors and scintillators; Caracterizacao optica e estrutural do BaY{sub 2}F{sub 8} puro e dopado com terras raras visando aplicacao em detectores de radiacao e cintiladores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mello, Ana Carolina Santana de

2008-07-01

In this work Barium Yttrium Fluoride (BaY{sub 2}F{sub 8} -BaYF) doped with different concentrations of ions Tb{sup 3+}, Er{sup 3+}, Tm{sup 3+} e Nd{sup 3+} were characterized, aiming the application in radiation detection devices that use the scintillating properties. Two types of samples were produced in the CLA-IPEN-SP, polycrystalline samples, obtained via solid state reaction of BaF{sub 2} and YF{sub 3} under HF atmosphere, and single crystals, obtained via the zone melting method also in a HF atmosphere. The samples were characterized using the following experimental techniques: X-ray powder diffraction, Radioluminescence (RL), Optical Absorption and Dispersive X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (DXAS). The X-ray diffraction pattern showed the presence of the phase BaY{sub 2}F{sub 8} and a small amount of the phase Ba{sub 4}Y{sub 3}F{sub 17} in the polycrystalline pure and Tb{sup 3+}doped samples. The other samples showed only the desired BaY{sub 2}F{sub 8} phase. The radioluminescence measurements of the doped BaYF, when irradiated with X-rays, showed emission peaks in energies that are characteristics of the 4f-4f transitions of rare earths. The RL of the samples with 2 mol por cent and 3 mold of Tb{sup 3+}showed quite intense peaks with a maximum emission peak at 545 nm. The Tm{sup 3+}doped BYF showed that the scintillation efficiency is not directly proportional to the doping level, and the highest RL emission were obtained for the polycrystalline samples doped with 1 mol por cent, showing a maximum peak intensity at 456 nm (the blue region of the visible spectrum). All samples showed a phosphorescent decay time of the order of seconds. Single crystals of BaYF doped with 2 mol por cent of Er{sup 3+}, in addition to one of the highest phosphorescence time, presents a quite strong Rl in the green region of the spectra. The radiation damage was evaluated by the optical absorption techniques and the results showed that the formation of the absorption bands can be

An electron diffraction and bond valence sum study of the space group symmetries and structures of the photocatalytic 1:1 ordered A2InNbO6 double perovskites (A=Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ting, V.; Liu, Y.; Withers, R.L.; Krausz, E.

2004-01-01

A careful investigation has been carried out into the space group symmetries, structures and crystal chemistries of the 1:1 B-site ordered double perovskites A 2 InNbO 6 (A=Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ ) using a combination of bond valence sum calculations, powder XRD and electron diffraction. A recent investigation of these compounds by Yin et al. reported a random distribution of In 3+ and Nb 5+ ions onto the perovskite B-site positions of these compounds and hence Pm3-barm (a=a p , subscript p for parent perovskite sub-structure) space group symmetry for the A=Ba and Sr compounds and Pnma (a=a p +b p , b=-a p +b p , c=2c p ) space group symmetry for the A=Ca compound. A careful electron diffraction study, however, shows that both the A=Ca and Sr compounds occur at room temperature in P12 1 /n1 (a=a p +b p , b=-a p +b p , c=2c p ) perovskite-related superstructure phases while the A=Ba compound occurs in the Fm3-barm, a=2a p , elpasolite structure type. Bond valence sum calculations are used to explain why this should be so as well as to provide a useful first-order approximation to the structures of each of the compounds

Crystal structure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of La-doped BaTiO3 semiconducting ceramics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Venkata Sreenivas Puli

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Polycrystalline La-doped BaTiO3 (Ba(1-xLax\tTiO3 [x=0,0.0005,0.001,0.003] ceramics (denoted as BTO,BLT1,BLT2,BLT3 were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, and Raman spectroscopy. XRD and Raman spectra revealed single-phase tetragonal perovskite crystalline structure. Well-saturated polarization–electric field (P–E hysteresis loops were observed with the measurement frequency of 50 Hz at room temperature and confirmed ferroelectric nature of these ceramics and a high recoverable electrical energy storage density of 0.350 J/cm3 with energy efficiency (n∼9%, which is useful in energy storage capacitor applications. Dielectric studies revealed anomalies around 415–420 K and near the Curie temperature. The latter is attributed to the ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition. Better dielectric performances were obtained for La-doped samples sintered at 1350°C for 4 h. Grain growth is inhibited with lanthanum (La incorporation into the BTO lattice. Room temperature semiconducting behavior with positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR behavior at TC is attributed to electron compensation mechanism.

Mechanism of a strong rise of Tc due to the calcium doping in Y1-xCaxBa2Cu2.8Zn0.2Oy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martynova, O.A.; Potapov, D.V.; Gasumyants, V.E.; Vladimirskaya, E.V.

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Calcium is observed to restore superconductivity in Y 1-x Ca x Ba 2 Cu 2.8 Zn 0.2 O y . → Parameters of the band spectrum and charge-carrier system are determined. → The calcium doping is shown to give a noticeable contribution to the DOS function. → The mechanism of calcium effect on T c in doped YBa 2 Cu 3 O y is discussed. - Abstract: The normal-state transport properties and the critical temperature, T c , for three series of Y 1-x Ca x Ba 2 Cu 2.8 Zn 0.2 O y (x = 0-0.2) samples with different oxygen content have been investigated and discussed in comparison with results for other calcium-doped YBa 2 Cu 3 O y . We have observed the calcium doping to restore the superconductivity in the YBa 2 Cu 3 O y system even in case of the preliminary T c suppression by the direct destruction of the CuO 2 planes due to a preliminary doping by zinc. The T c value rises strongly with increasing calcium content and this rise becomes faster for the oxygen-reduced series. Based on a narrow-band model, the parameters of the band spectrum structure and the charge-carrier system in the normal state were determined from the analysis of the thermopower temperature dependences in order to reveal the mechanism of the T c rise under the Ca influence. It is shown that the T c increase in Y 1-x Ca x Ba 2 Cu 2.8 Zn 0.2 O y is related to the direct Ca ions effect. The mechanism of the calcium influence on the T c value is discussed with respect to the Ca-induced conduction band modification. The calcium doping in Y 1-x Ca x Ba 2 Cu 2.8 Zn 0.2 O y is shown to give a noticeable contribution to the density-of-states function leading to a strong rise in its value at the Fermi level that results in a restoration of the superconducting properties.

Rare earth oxide doping in oxide cathodes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Engelsen, Daniel den; Gaertner, Georg

2006-01-01

The effect on life performance and poisoning with O 2 by doping oxide cathodes with rare earth oxides and pseudo rare earth oxides, notably yttria, is qualitatively explained in terms of electrolysis of BaO during emission of electrons. Doped cathodes show less electrolysis and consume therefore less Ba during life: consequently, doped cathodes have a better life performance. However, the lower Ba-production makes doped cathodes more sensitive to oxygen poisoning. The experimentally found relation between conductivity and yttria concentration was the motive to propose a new model for the crystal imperfections in BaO. In this new imperfection model most Y 3+ -ions will combine with barium vacancies, therefore, the increase of the conductivity is modest and also the effect on the position of the Fermi level is modest. By assuming a combination of bulk and surface conductivity, the agreement between experiment and theory can be improved further

Enhanced photovoltaic currents in strained Fe-doped LiNbO{sub 3} films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inoue, Ryotaro [Division of Physics, Institute of Liberal Education, School of Medicine, Nihon University, 31-10, Ooyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8601 (Japan); Takahashi, Shusuke; Kitanaka, Yuuki; Oguchi, Takeshi; Noguchi, Yuji; Miyayama, Masaru [Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654 (Japan)

2015-12-15

We investigate the impact of strain on photovoltaic current (J{sub z}) characteristics for iron-doped LiNbO{sub 3} (Fe-LN) under visible light illumination by thin-film experiments. The J{sub z} values are demonstrated to be dramatically enhanced for the film with a tensile strain along the P{sub s} direction, which is over 500 times as large as that of the bulk (strain-free) Fe-LN crystals. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the tensile strain increases an off-center displacement of Fe{sup 2+} that is opposite to the P{sub s} direction. Our experimental and DFT study demonstrates that the control of the lattice strain is effective in enhancing the photovoltaic effect in the Fe-LN system. (copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Room-temperature ferromagnetism in Co and Nb co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hachisu, M.; Mori, K.; Hyodo, K.; Morimoto, S.; Yamazaki, T.; Ichiyanagi, Y.

2015-01-01

Co- and Nb-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles encapsulated with amorphous SiO 2 were synthesized by our novel preparation method. An anatase TiO 2 single-phase structure was confirmed using X-ray diffraction. The particle size could be controlled to be about 5 nm. The composition of these nanoparticles was investigated by X-ray fluorescence analysis. X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra showed that the Ti 4+ and Co 2+ states were dominant in our prepared samples. A reduction in the coordination number was also confirmed. The dependence of the electrical conductivity on the frequency was measured by an LCR meter, and the carrier concentration was determined. The magnetization curves for the nanoparticles indicated ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. We concluded that the ferromagnetism originated in oxygen vacancies around the transition metal ions

Dielectric, piezoelectric properties of MnO2-doped (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–0.05LiNbO3 crystal grown by flux-Bridgman method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Ying; Xu, Guisheng; Liu, Jinfeng; Yang, Danfeng; Chen, Xiaxia

2014-01-01

Highlights: • KNN–0.05LN based single crystals were grown by flux-Bridgman method. • Dielectric, piezoelecrc and ferroelectric properties were studied. • The effect of MnO 2 doping on the crystals' properties. • Dielectric and other properties were improved due to MnO 2 doping. - Abstract: Lead-free potassium sodium niobate piezoelectric single crystals substituted with lithium and then doped with MnO 2 (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 –0.05LiNbO 3 –yMnO 2 (y = 0%, 1.0% and 1.5%) (abbreviated as KNN–0.05LN–yMnO 2 ) have been grown by flux-Bridgman method using KCl–K 2 CO 3 eutectic composition as the flux. Their actual composition as well as the dielectric and piezoelectric properties were studied. Their actual composition deviated from the ratio of the raw materials due to different segregation coefficients of K and Na. The orthorhombic–tetragonal (T o–t ) and tetragonal–cubic phase transition temperature (the Curie temperature T c ) of the single crystal appears at 186 °C and 441 °C, respectively, for KNN–0.05LN–1.0%MnO 2 , shift to higher temperatures compared with that of pure KNN–0.05LN crystals, according to the dielectric permittivity versus temperature loops. The KNN–0.05LN–1.0%MnO 2 (001) plate shows higher piezoelectric coefficient d 33 and dielectric permittivity ε r when compared with pure KNN–0.05LN crystal, being on the order of 226 pC/N and 799 (161 pC/N and 530 for KNN–0.05LN), respectively. These excellent properties show that MnO 2 dopant is effective in improving KNN–0.05LN based piezoelectric crystals

Electrical transport in low-lead (1-x)BaTiO3–xPbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 ceramics

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

J. SUCHANICZ; K. KONIECZNY; K. ŚWIERCZEK; M. LIPIŃSKI; M. KARPIERZ; D. SITKO; H. CZTERNASTEK; K. KLUCZEWSKA

2017-01-01

Low-lead (1-x)BaTiO3–xPbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 ceramics (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, and 0.15) were prepared by the conventional oxide mixed sintering process, and their optical band gap, Seebeck coefficient, ac ( σac ) and dc ( σdc ) conductivities as a function of temperature were investigated for the first time. It was found that all samples have p-type conductivity. The low-frequency (20 Hz–2 MHz) ac conductivity obeys a power law σac ~ ωs , which is characteristic for disordered materials. The frequency exponent s is a decreasing function of temperature and tends to zero at high temperature. σac is proportional to ω0.07 – ω0.31 in the low-frequency region and to ω0.51 – ω0.98 in the high-temperature region. The temperature dependence of the dc conductivity showed a change in slope around the temperature at which the phase transition appeared. Both ac and dc conductivities showed a thermally activated character and possessed linear parts with different activation energies and some irregular changes. It was found that the hopping charge carriers dominate at low temperature and small polarons and oxygen vacancies dominate at higher temperature. (1-x)BaTiO3–xPbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 ceramics are expected to be promising new candidate for low-lead electronic materials.

Niobium-doped strontium titanates as SOFC anodes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Blennow Tullmar, Peter; Kammer Hansen, Kent; Wallenberg, L. Reine

2008-01-01

been synthesized with a recently developed modified glycine-nitrate process. The synthesized powders have been calcined and sintered in air or in 9% H(2) / N(2) between 800 - 1400 degrees C. After calcination the samples were single phase Nb-doped strontium titanate with grain sizes of less than 100 nm...... in diameter on average. The phase purity, defect structure, and microstructure of the materials have been analyzed with SEM, XRD, and TGA. The electrical conductivity of the Nb-doped titanate decreased with increasing temperature and showed a phonon scattering conduction mechanism with sigma > 120 S...... ability of the Nb-doped titanates to be used as a part of a SOFC anode. However, the catalytic activity of the materials was not sufficient and it needs to be improved if titanate based materials are to be realized as constituents in SOFC anodes....

Comparative study of the singularity in the optical properties of congruent doped LiNbO3 crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jaque, F.; Han, T.P.J.; Lifante, G.

2003-01-01

A comparison of the optical properties such as optical absorption band edge, ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices, powder second harmonic generation and the non-linear coefficient, d 33 , of congruent LiNbO 3 crystals doped with di-, tri- and hexa-valent cations is reported. It has been found that the referred parameters show a clear concentration singularity depending on the valency of the cation. A charge compensation mechanism is proposed to explain the role of the cation. The experimental data of n o and n e are described by a generalised Sellmeier equation considering the different ions sites in the crystal

Comparison of the photoluminescence properties of Eu2+, Mn2+ co-doped M5(PO4)3Cl (M = Ca, Sr, Ba)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, Fengli; An, Wei; Wei, Heng-Wei; Chen, Guantong; Zhuang, Weidong; Jing, Xi-Ping

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Good size match between the doped and host cations narrows the emission band. • Low phonon energy of the hosts enhances the luminescence intensity. • “Inverse bottleneck effect” related to Eu/Mn lifetime mismatch causes quenching. • “Charge transfer process” in the Eu–Mn clusters causes quenching. -- Abstract: Eu 2+ and Mn 2+ singly doped or co-doped M 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl (M = Ca, Sr and Ba) phosphors were synthesized by conventional solid state reactions and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, PL decay curves, energy dispersive spectra (EDS) and Raman spectra. The results show that a better size match between the doped cation and the host cation allows a wider solid solution range (e.g. Ca 2+ /Mn 2+ ) and a narrower emission band (e.g. Sr 2+ /Eu 2+ and Ca 2+ /Mn 2+ ). A lower phonon energy of the host (e.g. the Sr phase) reduces the non-radiation probability and enhances the PL efficiency. The PL performance of the Ba phase is exceptional possibly because of the large size difference between the doped cations and the host cations. The transfer efficiency (η) and the emission quantum efficiency (Q) were analyzed. In the studied phosphors, superficially Eu 2+ efficiently transferred its absorbed energy to Mn 2+ but the Q of the Mn 2+ emission was not as high as expected. Two loss mechanisms are proposed: an “inverse bottleneck effect” and “charge transfer” between Eu 2+ and Mn 2+

Effect of thickness on optoelectrical properties of Nb-doped indium tin oxide thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Shi-na; Ma, Rui-xin; Ma, Chun-hong; Li, Dong-ran; Xiao, Yu-qin; He, Liang-wei; Zhu, Hong-min

2013-05-01

Niobium-doped indium tin oxide (ITO:Nb) thin films are prepared on glass substrates with various film thicknesses by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering from one piece of ceramic target material. The effects of thickness (60-360 nm) on the structural, electrical and optical properties of ITO: Nb films are investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, and electrical measurements. XRD patterns show the highly oriented (400) direction. The lowest resistivity of the films without any heat treatment is 3.1×10-4Ω·cm-1, and the resistivity decreases with the increase of substrate temperature. The highest Hall mobility and carrier concentration are 17.6 N·S and 1.36×1021 cm-3, respectively. Band gap energy of the films depends on substrate temperature, which varies from 3.48 eV to 3.62 eV.

Novel and facile synthesis of Ba-doped BiFeO{sub 3} nanoparticles and enhancement of their magnetic and photocatalytic activities for complete degradation of benzene in aqueous solution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Soltani, Tayyebeh; Lee, Byeong-Kyu, E-mail: bklee@ulsan.ac.kr

2016-10-05

Highlights: • An efficient novel visible light photocatalyst was synthesized. • Ba doped BFO showed enhanced surface area, oxygen vacancies, magnetic and photocatalytic activities. • Ba doped BFO can be an economic photocatalyst for benzene degradation. • Complete degradation and high mineralization of benzene were achieved with 60 min irradiation. - Abstract: In this work, Bi{sub 1-x} Ba{sub x} FeO{sub 3} (x = 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mol%) multiferroic materials as visible-light photocatalysts were successfully synthesized via a simple and rapid sol-gel method, at a low temperature and with rapid calcination. Ba loading brought about a distorted structure of BiFeO{sub 3} magnetic nanoparticles (BFO MNPs) consisting of small, randomly oriented and non-uniform grains, leading to increased surface area and improved magnetic and photocatalytic activities. Doping of Ba{sup 2+} into pure BFO (Bi{sub 1-x} Ba{sub x} FeO{sub 3}, x = 0.2 mol%) greatly increased magnetic saturation to 3.0 emu/g and significantly decreased the band-gap energy to 1.79 eV, as compared to 2.1 emu/g and 2.1 eV, respectively, for pure BFO. Bi{sub 1-x}Ba {sub x}FeO{sub 3} of x = 0.2 mol% exhibited the greatest photocatalytic degradation effect after 60 min of visible light irradiation, and reached 97% benzene removal efficiency, leading to production of a high concentration of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}), with 93% and 82% reductions in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC), respectively. The identified major intermediate products of photodegradation enabled prediction of the proposed benzene degradation pathway. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of benzene removal is due to both mechanisms, photocatalytic and photo-Fenton catalytic degradation.

Effect of the doping on the energy of direct and indirect optical gap of KSr2Nb5O15 nanopowders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lanfredi, S.; Silva, G.D.; Genova, D.H.M.; Bellucci, F.S.; Constantino, C.J.L.; Nobre, M.A.L.

2009-01-01

Lead-free ferroelectric oxides with tetragonal tungsten bronze TTB type structure have exhibited several applications in recent piezoelectric/dielectric technologies. In TTB niobates, the cationic specie and its distribution exhibit strong influence on the electrical and optical proprieties. Solid solution development from transition-metals cations doping occurs on the niobium site allowing an intrinsic-ferro electricity modulation. In this work, the effect of the concentration of nickel cations on the semiconductor properties of KSr 2 Nb 5 O 15 nanoparticles was investigated by invisible spectroscopy via gap energy determination. Single phase and nanocrystalline powders of KSr 2 NixNb 5 -xO 15 -σ with x = 0.75 and 1 was prepared by high energy ball milling. Powders were characterized by x-ray diffraction. Increase in temperature of calcination leads to decreasing of the gap energy. The influence of concentration of Ni 3+ in the semiconductor character of KSr 2 NixNb 5 -xO 15 -σ is discussed based on the thermal evolution of structural parameters. (author)

Fe-doping induced Griffiths-like phase in La0.7Ba0.3CoO3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wan-Guo, Huang; Xiang-Qun, Zhang; Guo-Ke, Li; Young, Sun; Qing-An, Li; Zhao-Hua, Cheng

2009-01-01

The effect of Fe-doping on the magnetic properties of the ABO 3 -type perovskite cobaltites La 0.7 Ba 0.3 Co 1–y Fe y O 3 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.80) is reported. With no apparent structural change in any doped sample, the Curie temperature (T C ) and the magnetization (M) are greatly suppressed for y ≤ 0.30 samples, while a distinct increase in T C for the y = 0.40 sample is observed. With the further increase of Fe concentration, T C increases monotonically. Griffiths-like phases in 0.40 ≤ y ≤ 0.60 samples are confirmed. The formation of the Griffiths-like phase is ascribed to B-site disordering induced isolation of ferromagnetic (FM) clusters above T C . (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

Electrical properties of Ba doped LSGM for electrolyte material of solid oxide fuel cells

Science.gov (United States)

Raghvendra, Singh, Prabhakar; Singh, Rajesh Kumar

2013-02-01

We report our investigations on Lanthanum Strontium Magnesium Gallate, LSGM, La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ doped with Barium at Strontium site having composition La0.8(Sr0.1Ba0.1)Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ (LSBGM). The pure cubic phase along with some additional phase was confirmed by XRD pattern. Electrical properties of the Composition LSBGM [La0.8(Sr0.1Ba0.1)Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ] prepared by solid state route, was studied employing impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range 573 K-993 K and frequency range 20 Hz-1MHz. The total ionic conductivity of the composition was found to be 0.072 S.cm-1 at 953 K and the activation energy from Arrhenius plot was found to be 1.16 eV in the measured temperature range. This confirms oxygen ion conductivity in the system. SEM micrograph shows the uniform densed particle morphology with gains of average size 200 nm.

Formation of Self-Assembled Ba₂YNbO₆ Nanocolumns and their Contribution to Flux-Pinning and J_c in Nb-doped YBa₂Cu₃O_7- Films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wee, Sung Hun [ORNL; Goyal, Amit [ORNL; Zuev, Yuri L [ORNL; Cantoni, Claudia [ORNL; Selvamanickam, V. [SuperPower Incorporated, Schenectady, New York; Specht, Eliot D [ORNL

2010-01-01

Ba{sub 2}RENbO{sub 6} (RE = rare earth elements including Y) compounds are considered new additives for superior flux-pinning in YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} (YBCO) films due to their excellent chemical inertness to and large lattice mismatches with YBCO. Simultaneous laser ablation of a YBCO target and a Nb metal foil attached to the surface of the target resulted in epitaxial growth of YBCO films having columnar defects comprised of self-aligned Ba{sub 2}YNbO{sub 6} (BYNO) nanorods parallel to the c-axis of the film. Compared to pure YBCO, YBCO+BYNO films exhibited no T{sub c} reduction as well as superior J{sub c} performance with higher self- and in-field J{sub c} by a factor of 1.5-7 and also exhibited a strong J{sub c} peak for H {parallel} c indicative of strong c-axis correlated flux-pinning.

Infrared emissions in MgSrAl10O17:Er3+ phosphor co-doped with Yb3+/Ba2+/Ca2+ obtained by solution combustion route

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singh, Vijay; Kumar Rai, Vineet; Venkatramu, V.; Chakradhar, R.P.S.; Hwan Kim, Sang

2013-01-01

An intense infrared emitting MgSrAl 10 O 17 :Er 3+ phosphor co-doped with Yb 3+ , Ba 2+ and Ca 2+ ions have been prepared by a solution combustion method. Phase purity of the derived compounds was confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique. The vibrational properties of MgSrAl 10 O 17 phosphor was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The broad and strong infrared emission of Er 3+ ions at around 1.53 μm was observed upon excitation at 980 nm. Effect of co-doping with the Yb 3+ , Ba 2+ and Ca 2+ ions on the infrared luminescence intensity of Er 3+ ions and the mechanism responsible for the variation in the infrared intensity have been discussed. The results indicate that these materials may be suitable for the optical telecommunication window and wavelength division multiplexing applications. - Highlights: ► The hexagonal phase of MgSrAl 10 O 17 could be obtained by the low temperature combustion method. ► The broad and strong infrared emission of Er 3+ ions at around 1.53 μm was observed. ► Effect of co-doping with the Yb 3+ , Ba 2+ and Ca 2+ ions on the infrared luminescence intensity of Er 3+ were reported.

X-ray photoemission studies of Zn doped Cu1-xTl xBa2Ca2Cu 3-yZn yO10-δ (y = 0, 2.65) superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khan, Nawazish A.; Mumtaz, M.; Ahadian, M.M.; Iraji-zad, Azam

2007-01-01

The X-ray photoemission (XPS) measurements of Cu 1-x Tl x Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3-y Zn y O 10-δ (y = 0, 2.65) superconductors have been performed and compared. These studies revealed that the charge state of thallium in the Cu 0.5 Tl 0.5 Ba 2 O 4-δ charge reservoir layer in Zn doped samples is Tl 1+ , while it is a mix of Tl 1+ and Tl 2+ in Zn free samples. The binding energy of Ba atoms in the Zn doped samples is shifted to higher energy, which when considered along with the presence of Tl 1+ suggested that it more efficiently directed the carriers to ZnO 2 and CuO 2 planes. The evidence of improved inter-plane coupling witnessed in X-ray diffraction is also confirmed by XPS measurements of Ca atoms in the Zn doped samples. The shift of the valance band spectrum in these Zn doped samples to higher energies suggested that the electrons at the top edge of the valance band were tied to a higher binding energy (relative to samples without Zn doping), which most likely resulted in a much lower energy state of the system in the superconducting state. The stronger superconducting state arising out of these effects is witnessed in the form of increased T c (R 0), J c and the extent of diamagnetism in the final compound

Hierarchical nitrogen doped bismuth niobate architectures: Controllable synthesis and excellent photocatalytic activity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hou, Jungang; Cao, Rui; Wang, Zheng; Jiao, Shuqiang; Zhu, Hongmin

2012-01-01

Graphical abstract: Efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts of peony-like nitrogen doped Bi 3 NbO 7 hierarchical architectures and silver-layered Bi 3 NbO 7−x Nx heterostructures were successfully synthesized in this discovery. Highlights: ► N-Bi 3 NbO 7 architectures were synthesized via two-step hydrothermal process. ► Electronic structure calculations indicated that N replaced O in samples. ► Growth mechanism is proposed for transformation of nanoparticles to microflowers. ► Excellent activities of N-Bi 3 NbO 7 architectures were obtained for degradation. ► Enhanced photocatalytic performance was observed for Ag/N-Bi 3 NbO 7 architectures. - Abstract: Nitrogen doped bismuth niobate (N-Bi 3 NbO 7 ) hierarchical architectures were synthesized via a facile two-step hydrothermal process. XRD patterns revealed that the defect fluorite-type crystal structure of Bi 3 NbO 7 remained intact upon nitrogen doping. Electron microscopy showed the N-Bi 3 NbO 7 architecture has a unique peony-like spherical superstructure composed of numerous nanosheets. UV–vis spectra indicated that nitrogen doping in the compound results in a red-shift of the absorption edge from 450 nm to 470 nm. XPS indicated that [Bi/Nb]-N bonds were formed by inducing nitrogen to replace a small amount of oxygen in Bi 3 NbO 7−x N x , which is explained by electronic structure calculations including energy band and density of states. Based on observations of architectures formation, a possible growth mechanism was proposed to explain the transformation of polyhedral-like nanoparticles to peony-like microflowers via an Ostwald riping mechanism followed by self-assembly. The N-Bi 3 NbO 7 architectures due to the large specific surface area and nitrogen doping exhibited higher photocatalytic activities in the decomposition of organic pollutant under visible-light irradiation than Bi 3 NbO 7 nanoparticles. Furthermore, an enhanced photocatalytic performance was also observed for Ag

Resistive switching phenomena of extended defects in Nb-doped SrTiO3 under influence of external gradients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodenbuecher, Christian

2014-01-01

Redox-based memristive materials have attracted much attention in the last decade owing to their ability to change the resistance upon application of an electric field making them promising candidates for future non-volatile memories. However, a fundamental understanding of the nature of the resistive switching effect, which is indispensable for designing future technological applications,is still lacking. As a prototype material of a memristive oxide, strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ) has been investigated intensively and it was revealed that the valence change of a Ti ''d'' electron plays an important role during resistive switching related to insulator-to-metal transition. Such a transition can be induced by electrical gradients, by chemical gradients, by a combination of these gradients or by donor doping. Hence, SrTiO 3 doped with the donor Nb should have metallic properties and is used commonly as a conducting substrate for the growth of functional oxide thin films. Nevertheless,the resistive switching effect has also be observed in Nb-doped SrTiO 3 . This paradoxical situation offers a unique opportunity to gain an insight into the processes during the insulator-to metal transition. In this thesis, a comprehensive study of the influence of external gradients on SrTiO 3 :Nb single crystals is presented. The focus is especially set on the investigation of the crystallographic structure, the chemical composition, the electronic structure, the lattice dynamics and the electronic transport phenomena using surface-sensitive methods on the macro- and nanoscale. On the as-received epi-polished single crystals, the evolution of a surface layer having a slight excess of strontium and - in contrast to the bulk of the material - semiconducting properties are observed. Hence, the key for understanding of the resistive switching effect is the knowledge of the nature of the surface layer. On the basis of systematic studies of the influence of external

Carrier dynamics of Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 as a function of doping

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muschler, Bernhard

2012-01-01

In this thesis a systematic light scattering study of the newly discovered iron-based superconductor Ba(Fe 1-x Co x ) 2 As 2 is presented. The main focus is placed on the study of electronic properties in a doping range x in which magnetism and superconductivity are in close proximity. The experiment affords a window into band and momentum-dependent electronic properties. The magnetic order is predominantly itinerant. The structure of the superconducting gap indicates that the coupling potential may result from magnetic fluctuations.

Mobility-electron density relation probed via controlled oxygen vacancy doping in epitaxial BaSnO3

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Koustav Ganguly

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The recently discovered high room temperature mobility in wide band gap semiconducting BaSnO3 is of exceptional interest for perovskite oxide heterostructures. Critical open issues with epitaxial films include determination of the optimal dopant and understanding the mobility-electron density (μ-n relation. These are addressed here through a transport study of BaSnO3(001 films with oxygen vacancy doping controlled via variable temperature vacuum annealing. Room temperature n can be tuned from 5 × 1019 cm−3 to as low as 2 × 1017 cm−3, which is shown to drive a weak- to strong-localization transition, a 104-fold increase in resistivity, and a factor of 28 change in μ. The data reveal μ ∝ n0.65 scaling over the entire n range probed, important information for understanding mobility-limiting scattering mechanisms.

A structural, magnetic, and Mössbauer study of the Dy{sub 2}Fe{sub 17−x}Nb{sub x} solid solutions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rai, B.K. [Department of Physics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 (United States); Syed Ali, K.S. [Department of Science, Estill High school, Estill, SC 29918 (United States); Mishra, S.R., E-mail: srmishra@memphis.edu [Department of Physics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 (United States); Khanra, S.; Ghosh, K. [Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Materials Science, The Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897 (United States)

2014-03-15

The single-phase intermetallic compounds of refractory metal Nb doped Dy{sub 2}Fe{sub 17−x}Nb{sub x} were prepared by arc melting. The substitution of Nb in the Dy{sub 2}Fe{sub 17} compound was found to have an important effect on their structure and magnetic properties. The Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction data shows that Dy{sub 2}Fe{sub 17−x}Nb{sub x} (x=0–1.5) solid solutions crystallize with the Th{sub 2}Ni{sub 17} structure. The lattice parameters obtained from Rietveld refinement show that the unit cell volume of Dy{sub 2}Fe{sub 17−x}Nb{sub x} increases linearly with increasing Nb concentration up to x=1. The solubility of Nb was found to be limited to x∼1. The substitutional Nb atoms occupied all four sites in the order 12j>12k>6g>4f of a Th{sub 2}Ni{sub 17} structure. The Curie temperature (T{sub c}) was found to be Nb content dependent. The T{sub c} first increased and then decreased with increasing Nb content x, attaining a maximum value of 460 K at around x=1, which is 78 K higher than that of Dy{sub 2}Fe{sub 17}. The saturation magnetization decreased linearly with increasing Nb content from 69 emu/g for x=0 to 38 emu/g for x=1.5. {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectra show the presence of DyFe{sub 3} and NbFe{sub 2} phases at a higher Nb content x≥1. The hyperfine field values of 4f site first increased up to x=1 and then decreased at higher Nb content. - Highlights: • Nb is used to suppress the free alpha iron in 2:17 intermediates. At higher concentration x>1, Nb forms paramagnetic phase with alpha iron, NbFe{sub 2}. • The low level of Nb doping (x<1) in Dy{sub 2}Fe{sub 17−x}Nb{sub x} brings in ∼21% increase in the Curie temperature. • In Al, Si or Ga doped 2:17 intermatallics, similar improvement is observed in T{sub c} at a much higher doping concentration at the cost of reduction in net magnetization. • The maximum Curie temperature, 460 K, is observed for x∼1 Nb doping.

Structural and magnetic properties of single-crystalline Co-doped barium titanate nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Hongxue; Cao Baobao; O'Connor, Charles J.

2010-01-01

Undoped and Co-doped BaTiO 3 nanoparticles were synthesized by a one-step sol-precipitation method. For all the samples, X-ray diffraction showed characteristic diffraction lines for BaTiO 3 without the indication of secondary phases. High-resolution transition electron microscopy images showed that BaTiO 3 nanoparticles exhibit the nature of single-crystal. Magnetometry revealed that all the Co-doped BaTiO 3 samples show paramagnetic behaviors and Co ions in BaTiO 3 are present as isolated paramagnetic centers. This is contrasted to several reported cases of ferromagnetism in Co-doped BaTiO 3 .

Manipulating the ferroelectric polarization state of BaTiO{sub 3} thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Datta, S.; Rioult, M.; Stanescu, D.; Magnan, H.; Barbier, A., E-mail: antoine.barbier@cea.fr

2016-05-31

Controlling the ferroelectric polarization at macroscopic or microscopic levels is crucial in the framework of the development of ferroelectric materials used in yet challenging photo-electrochemical (PEC) cells and spintronic applications. We report here on polarization methods allowing to electrically polarize prototypical samples of BaTiO{sub 3} (001) films. Epitaxial single crystalline layers were grown up to a thickness of 25 nm by atomic oxygen assisted molecular beam epitaxy on 1 at.% Nb doped SrTiO{sub 3} (001) single crystals. The samples were both microscopically and macroscopically polarized using Piezoresponse Force Microscopy and electrochemical poling in an electrolyte respectively. In addition we demonstrate the possibility to retrieve a quasi-native mixed ferroelectric polarization state after annealing. These polarization methods may be applied to many other ferroelectric thin films. - Highlights: • Ferroelectricity of BaTiO{sub 3} layers can be micro- and macroscopically controlled. • Microscopic ferroelectric domains are defined with piezoresponse force microscopy. • Poling in a LiClO{sub 4} electrolyte is a macroscopic poling method. • Air annealing above the Curie temperature “resets” the polarization state.

Efficient polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells with n-type doped titanium oxide as an electron transport layer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choi, Youna [Heeger Center for Advanced Material & Research Institute of Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Geunjin [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Heejoo, E-mail: heejook@gist.ac.kr [Heeger Center for Advanced Material & Research Institute of Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Sun Hee [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Kwanghee, E-mail: klee@gist.ac.kr [Heeger Center for Advanced Material & Research Institute of Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712 (Korea, Republic of); School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712 (Korea, Republic of)

2015-05-29

We have reported a highly n-type doped solution-processed titanium metal oxide (TiO{sub x}) for use as an efficient electron-transport layer (ETL) in polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. When the metal ions (Ti) in TiO{sub x} are partially substituted by niobium (Nb), the charge carrier density increased, by an order of magnitude, because of the large electronegativity of Nb compared to that of Ti. Therefore, the work function (WF) of Nb-doped metal oxide (Nb-TiO{sub x}) decreases from 4.75 eV (TiO{sub x}) to 4.66 eV (Nb-TiO{sub x}), leading to an enhancement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of BHJ solar cells with a Nb-TiO{sub x} ETL (from 7.99% to 8.40%). - Highlights: • Solution processable Nb-doped TiO{sub x} was developed by simple sol-gel synthesis. • Charge carrier density in TiO{sub x} is significantly increased by introducing Nb element. • The work function value of Nb-doped TiO{sub x} is reduced by introducing Nb element. • A charge recombination inside of PSC with Nb-TiO{sub x} was effectively suppressed.

Growth of doped and pure monocrystalline fibers and gradient crystals of REMO_4 compounds (RE = rare earths and M = Nb and Ta)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Octaviano, E.S.; Levada, C.L.; Missiato, O.; Semenzato, M.J.; Silva, R.A.; Andreeta, J.P.

2009-01-01

A desirable alternative for a faster development, characterization and application of material of technological interest has been the growth of single crystal fibers by LHPG - Laser Heated Pedestal Growth. In this work it was reported the growth of pure, doped and gradient single crystal fibers of the chemical formulation REMO_4 (M = Nb e Ta, e RE= Rare Earth), characterized through primary techniques such as X-Ray and optical spectroscopy. (author)

Synthesis, characterization and anti-bacterial activities of pure and Co-doped BaSO4 nanoparticles via chemical precipitation route.

Science.gov (United States)

Sivakumar, S; Soundhirarajan, P; Venkatesan, A; Khatiwada, Chandra Prasad

2015-02-25

In the present study, we reported that the synthesis and characterization of pure and diverse mole Co-doped BaSO4 nanoparticles have been synthesized by chemical precipitation technique. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) brought out the information about the synthesized products is orthorhombic structure and highly crystalline in nature. The average grain size of the samples was determined by using the Debye-Scherer's equation. The existence of functional groups and band area of the samples were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The direct and indirect band gap energy of pure and doped samples was carried out using UV-VIS-DRS. The surface micrograph, morphological distribution and elemental compositions of the synthesized products were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDS). Thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) techniques were analyzed thermal behaviour of pure and Co-doped samples. Finally, antibacterial activities found the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are more active in transporter, dehydrogenize and periplasmic enzymatic activities of pure and doped samples. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Coexistence of nonvolatility and volatility in Pt/Nb-doped SrTiO3/In memristive devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, M; Bao, D H; Li, S W

2013-01-01

Memristive devices are triggering innovations in the fields of nonvolatile memory, digital logic, analogue circuits, neuromorphic engineering, and so on. Creating new memristive devices with unique characteristics would be significant for these emergent applications. Here we report the coexistence of nonvolatility and volatility in Pt/Nb-doped SrTiO 3 (NSTO)/In memristive devices. The Pt/NSTO interface contributes a nonvolatile resistive switching behaviour, whereas the NSTO/In interface displays a volatile hysteresis loop. Combining the two interfaces in the Pt/NSTO/In devices leads to the unique coexistence of nonvolatility and volatility. The results imply more opportunities to invent new memristive devices by engineering both interfaces in metal/insulator/metal structures. (paper)

Synthesis and luminescence properties of BaTiO3:RE (RE = Gd , Dy ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

thermoluminescence (TL) properties of BaTiO3 samples doped with Gd3+, Dy3+, Tb3+ and Lu3+ were investigated. ... electron microscope using an accelerating voltage of 20 kV. .... doping of 1% mole Gd3+ ion into the BaTiO3 compound.

Fabrication and photovoltaic performance of niobium doped TiO{sub 2} hierarchical microspheres with exposed {001} facets and high specific surface area

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Yongqiang; Ran, Huili [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 (China); State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 (China); Fan, Jiajie, E-mail: fanjiajie@zzu.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 (China); State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 (China); Zhang, Xiaoli; Mao, Jing [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 (China); State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 (China); Shao, Guosheng [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 (China); State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 (China); Institute for Renewable Energy and Environmental Technologies, University of Bolton, Bolton BL3 5AB (United Kingdom)

2017-07-15

Highlights: • Nb-doped hierarchical TiO{sub 2} microsphere DSSCs show enhanced performance. • Nb{sup 5+} dopant replaces Ti{sup 4+} cation in TiO{sub 2} lattice. • Electrons transport was enhanced due to the down-shifted conduction band minimum. • Exposed (001) facets and high specific surface area allows high dye-loading. - Abstract: The niobium doped hierarchical anatase TiO{sub 2} microspheres, which are consist of a serried nano-thorns and plicate nano-ribbons with exposed {001} facets, were synthesized using hydrothermal method followed by heat treatment. The effects of niobium on the microstructures and photovoltaic performances of the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were studied. The results revealed that Nb{sup 5+} doping replaces Ti{sup 4+} cations in TiO{sub 2} lattice, and the bandgap of the films varies with increasing Nb doping concentration because of the downshift of the conduction band minimum (CBM). The niobium-doped TiO{sub 2} DSSCs with moderate loadings show enhanced performance comparing with their pure TiO{sub 2} counterparts. Optimally, the conversion efficiency of the Nb-3.5 (Nb 3.5 mol%) DSSC is 4.99%. This is higher than that (4.39%) of pure TiO{sub 2} cells by 13.7%. This is due to the fact that the Nb-doped solar cells have increased the number of the photo-induced electrons because of their exposed (001) facets and higher specific surface area; and enhanced electrons collection and transport because of the downshifted CBM of the Nb-doped TiO{sub 2}. However, heavy Nb doping results in the decrease of the performance of the niobium-doped cells due to the excessive defects within the Nb-TiO{sub 2} samples resulting in enhanced charge recombination at defects.

Ferroelectricity-induced resistive switching in Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/Nb-doped SrTiO3 epitaxial heterostructure

Science.gov (United States)

Md. Sadaf, Sharif; Mostafa Bourim, El; Liu, Xinjun; Hasan Choudhury, Sakeb; Kim, Dong-Wook; Hwang, Hyunsang

2012-03-01

We investigated the effect of a ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) thin film on the generation of resistive switching in a stacked Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (PCMO)/Nb-doped SrTiO3 (Nb:STO) heterostructure forming a p-n junction. To promote the ferroelectric effect, the thin PZT active layer was deposited on an epitaxially grown p-type PCMO film on a lattice-matched n-type Nb:STO single crystal. It was concluded that the observed resistive switching behavior in the all-perovskite Pt/PZT/PCMO/Nb:STO heterostructure was related to the modulation of PCMO/Nb:STO p-n junction's depletion width, which was caused either by the PZT ferroelectric polarization field effect, the electrochemical drift of oxygen ions under an electric field, or both simultaneously.

The effect of strontium and barium doping on perovskite-structured energy materials for photovoltaic applications

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Ming-Chung; Chen, Wei-Cheng; Chan, Shun-Hsiang; Su, Wei-Fang

2018-01-01

Perovskite solar cell is a novel photovoltaic technology with the superior progress in efficiency and the simple solution processes. Develop lead-free or lead-reduced perovskite materials is a significant concern for high-performance perovskite solar cell. Among the alkaline earth metals, the Sr2+ and Ba2+ are suitable for Pb2+ replacement in perovskite film due to fitting Goldschmidt's tolerance factor. In this study, we adopted Ba-doped and Sr-doped perovskite structured materials with different doping levels, including 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mol%, to prepare perovskite solar cells. Both Ba-doped and Sr-doped perovskite structured materials have a related tendency in absorption behavior and surface morphology. At 10.0 mol% doping level, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of Sr-doped perovskite solar cells is only ∼0.5%, but the PCE of Ba-doped perovskite solar cells can be achieved to ∼9.7%. Ba-doped perovskite solar cells showed the acceptable photovoltaic characteristics than Sr-doped perovskite solar cells. Ba dopant can partially replace the amount of lead in the perovskite solar cells, and it could be a potential candidate in the field of lead-free or lead-reduced perovskite energy materials.

Relieving geometrical frustration through doping in the Dy1−x Cax BaCo4O7 swedenborgites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nath Panja, Soumendra; Kumar, Jitender; Dengre, Shanu; Nair, Sunil

2016-01-01

The geometrically frustrated antiferromagnet DyBaCo 4 O 7 is investigated through a combination of x-ray diffraction, magnetization and dielectric measurements. Systematic doping in the series Dy 1−x Ca x BaCo 4 O 7 causes a lifting of the geometrical frustration resulting in a structural transition from a trigonal P31c to an orthorhombic Pbn2 1 symmetry at x   =  0.4. This structural transition can also be accessed as a function of temperature, and all our orthorhombic specimens exhibit this transition at elevated temperatures. The temperature at which this structural transition occurs is observed to scale linearly with the mean ionic radius of the R site ion. However, CaBaCo 4 O 7 which has an equal number of Co 2+  and Co 3+ ions clearly violates this quasilinear relationship, indicating that charge ordering could also play a critical role in stabilizing the orthorhombic distortion in this system. Using thermoremanent magnetization measurements to circumvent the problem of the large paramagnetic background arising from Dy 3+ ions, we chart out the phase diagram of the Dy 1−x Ca x BaCo 4 O 7 series. (paper)

Effect of CASP glass doping on sintering and dielectric properties of SBN ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Guohua; Qi Bing

2009-01-01

16CaO-29Al 2 O 3 -34SiO 2 -13PbO-4B 2 O 3 -2ZnO-2P 2 O 5 (CASP) glass doped-Sr 0.5 Ba 0.5 Nb 2 O 6 (SBN50) ceramics have been synthesized by solid-state ceramic route. The effects of CASP glass on the firing, microstructure and dielectric characterization of SBN50 ceramics are investigated. The densities of the ceramic samples firstly increase and then slightly decrease with increasing CASP glass content. The appropriate amount of doping glass is 2%. The SBN50 ceramics doped with CASP glass can be sintered at a relatively low temperature, 1200 deg. C. X-ray diffraction analysis shows the single phase (tetragonal tungsten bronze type structure) is preserved for all the samples. The diffuse character of the ceramic system increases and the dielectric constant at phase transition temperature (T c ) markedly decreases as CASP glass content increases. Interestingly, the CASP glass addition drastically alters the microstructure of the sintered ceramics. The isotropic grains in the pure SBN50 ceramics transform to rod like grains after the addition of CASP glass. The grain size of SBN phase is found to obviously increase with increase in CASP glass doping level

Site-selective doping and superconductivity in (La/sub 1-//sub y/Pr/sub y/)(Ba/sub 2-//sub x/La/sub x/)Cu3O/sub 7+//sub δ/

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mitzi, D.B.; Feffer, P.T.; Newsam, J.M.; Webb, D.J.; Klavins, P.; Jacobson, A.J.; Kapitulnik, A.

1988-01-01

Samples in the quaternary system (La/sub 1-//sub y/Pr/sub y/)(Ba/sub 2-//sub x/La/sub x/)Cu 3 O/sub 7+//sub δ/ have been prepared and characterized using x-ray and neutron diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and transport and magnetic measurements. Pr substitutes on the oxygen-depleted La layers for y>0.0, while La substitutes on the Ba sites for x>0.0. The effect of doping on each site is inferred to be primarily local, affecting immediately adjacent Cu-O layers. The similar suppression of superconductivity that accompanies doping on each of the two distinct sites apparently correlates with the degree of oxidation of the Cu-O sheets (and not the chains), indicating that the sheets support the high temperature superconductivity. Comparison of orthorhombic and tetragonal samples with similar Ba:La ratios (and y = 0) demonstrates that the orthorhombic phase yields the largest Meissner signals and highest transition temperatures in the La(Ba/sub 2-//sub x/La/sub x/)Cu 3 O/sub 7+//sub δ/ system

Atomic defects and doping of monolayer NbSe2

OpenAIRE

Nguyen, Lan; Komsa, Hannu-Pekka; Khestanova, Ekaterina; Kashtiban, Reza J; Peters, Jonathan J.P.; Lawlor, Sean; Sanchez, Ana M.; Sloan, Jeremy; Gorbachev, Roman; Grigorieva, Irina; Krasheninnikov, Arkady V.; Haigh, Sarah

2017-01-01

We have investigated the structure of atomic defects within monolayer NbSe2 encapsulated in graphene by combining atomic resolution transmission electron microscope imaging, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and strain mapping using geometric phase analysis. We demonstrate the presence of stable Nb and Se monovacancies in monolayer material and reveal that Se monovacancies are the most frequently observed defects, consistent with DFT calculations of their formation energy. We reve...

Low-temperature flux growth of sulfates, molybdates, and tungstates of Ca, Sr, and Ba and investigation of doping with Mn6+

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Romanyuk, Y.E.; Ehrentraut, D.; Pollnau, Markus; Garcia-Revilla, S.; Valiente, R.

The growth of undoped and $Mn^{6+}$-doped molybdates and tungstates of alkali-earth metals and BaSO4 has been investigated. Single crystals were grown by the flux method within the temperature range of 600–475 °C, using the ternary NaCl–KCl–CsCl solvent. Sizes of undoped crystals increase within the

Mermin-Wagner physics, (H ,T ) phase diagram, and candidate quantum spin-liquid phase in the spin-1/2 triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Ba8CoNb6O24

Science.gov (United States)

Cui, Y.; Dai, J.; Zhou, P.; Wang, P. S.; Li, T. R.; Song, W. H.; Wang, J. C.; Ma, L.; Zhang, Z.; Li, S. Y.; Luke, G. M.; Normand, B.; Xiang, T.; Yu, W.

2018-04-01

Ba8CoNb6O24 presents a system whose Co2 + ions have an effective spin 1/2 and construct a regular triangular-lattice antiferromagnet (TLAFM) with a very large interlayer spacing, ensuring purely two-dimensional character. We exploit this ideal realization to perform a detailed experimental analysis of the S =1 /2 TLAFM, which is one of the keystone models in frustrated quantum magnetism. We find strong low-energy spin fluctuations and no magnetic ordering, but a diverging correlation length down to 0.1 K, indicating a Mermin-Wagner trend toward zero-temperature order. Below 0.1 K, however, our low-field measurements show an unexpected magnetically disordered state, which is a candidate quantum spin liquid. We establish the (H ,T ) phase diagram, mapping in detail the quantum fluctuation corrections to the available theoretical analysis. These include a strong upshift in field of the maximum ordering temperature, qualitative changes to both low- and high-field phase boundaries, and an ordered regime apparently dominated by the collinear "up-up-down" state. Ba8CoNb6O24 , therefore, offers fresh input for the development of theoretical approaches to the field-induced quantum phase transitions of the S =1 /2 Heisenberg TLAFM.

Structural properties of lithium borate glasses doped with rare earth ions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thomazini D.

2001-01-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the study on lithium triborate glass (LBO in the system (1-x|3B2O3.Li2O| (xNb2O5 yPr3+ zYb3+ wNd3+ with 0 <= x <= 20 mol% (y, z and w in mol%. The samples were studied by Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption and differential thermal analysis. Pr3+-doped LBO and Pr3+/Yb3+-doped LBO samples show an increase of the glass transition and crystallization temperatures and a decrease of the fusion temperature associated with the increase of the praseodymium concentration in the LBO matrix. For the Nd3+-doped LBO and Pr3+/Yb3+-doped (LBO+Nb2O5 samples, a decrease of the glass transition temperature of the samples was observed. The increase of the rare earth doping leads to an increase of the difference between the glass transition and the crystallization temperatures. From infrared analysis it was possible to identify all the modes associated to the B-O structure. The NbO6 octahedra was also identified by IR spectroscopy for samples with x=5, 10, 15 and 20 mol% and y=0.05, z=1.1 mol%. Raman spectroscopy shows the presence of boroxol rings, tetrahedral and triangular coordination for boron. For samples containing niobium, the Raman spectra show the vibrational mode associated with the Nb-O bond in the niobium octahedra (NbO6.

Studies on phase evolution and electrical conductivity of barium doped gadolinium aluminate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sinha, Amit; Sharma, B.P.; Gopalan, P.

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Barium doped GdAlO 3 compositions were prepared from citrate gel derived powders. ► The solid solubility of barium in GdAlO 3 was less than 4 mol%. ► The un-dissolved barium precipitated in the form of BaAl 2 O 4 phase. ► The conductivity of Ba-doped GdAlO 3 increased with increasing amounts of Ba. ► In Gd 1−x Ba x AlO 3−δ system, specimen with x = 0.02 exhibited maximum conductivity. - Abstract: The phase evolution and electrical conductivity of barium doped GdAlO 3 samples have been investigated. The Ba- doped compositions of GdAlO 3 were prepared through citrate gel process. Analysis of the phases was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology of the calcined powders was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The electrical conductivity of Gd 1−x Ba x AlO 3−δ (x = 0–0.04) was measured using ac impedance spectroscopy as a function of temperature ranging from 300 to 1000 °C under air. The solid solubility of barium in GdAlO 3 was found to be less than 4 mol%. The undissolved barium precipitated in the form of BaAl 2 O 4 phase. The barium doped GdAlO 3 powders obtained after calcination at 1000 °C was found to be porous agglomerate composed of nanocrystalline grains. The total electrical conductivity of Ba-doped GdAlO 3 increased with increasing amounts of barium up to 2 mol% doping.

The microwave magnetic performance of Sm3+ doped BaCo2Fe16O27

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Lixi; Song Jie; Zhang Qitu; Huang Xiaogu; Xu Naicen

2009-01-01

W-type barium hexaferrites doped with Sm 3+ , Ba 1-x Sm x Co 2 Fe 16 O 27 (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction. The structure and electromagnetic properties of the calcined samples were studied using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and network analyzer (Agilent 8722ET). All the XRD patterns showed the single phase of the magnetoplumbite barium ferrite without other intermediate phase when x ≤ 0.15. The microwave electromagnetic properties of the samples have been studied at the frequency range from 2 GHz to 18 GHz. It was shown that ε' and ε'' increased slightly, and the maximum of ε'' shifted to low frequency position with Sm 3+ ions doping. The μ'' and μ' values were improved significantly when x = 0.15, and the peak value of μ'' was about 1.6 at 7 GHz and 1.75 at 18 GHz position, respectively, exhibiting excellent microwave magnetic performance. Furthermore, the reasons have also been discussed using electromagnetic theory. Ba 0.85 Sm 0.15 Co 2 Fe 16 O 27 powders (85% by weight) were mixed with epoxy resin to form compound coating materials with different thicknesses, the reflection loss values of which were also measured. It is shown that the reflection loss value increases with the increase of the coating thickness under our experimental range. The maximum of reflection loss reached about -23 dB and it was below -10 dB at the frequency range from 8 GHz to 18 GHz, when the thickness was 1.8 mm.

Electronic and magnetic properties of SnS2 monolayer doped with 4d transition metals

Science.gov (United States)

Xiao, Wen-Zhi; Xiao, Gang; Rong, Qing-Yan; Chen, Qiao; Wang, Ling-Ling

2017-09-01

We investigate the electronic structures and magnetic properties of SnS2 monolayers substitutionally doped with 4-d transition-metal through systematic first principles calculations. The doped complexes exhibit interesting electronic and magnetic behaviors, depending on the interplay between crystal field splitting, Hund's rule, and 4d levels. The system doped with Y is nonmagnetic metal. Both the Zr- and Pd-doped systems remain nonmagnetic semiconductors. Doping results in half-metallic states for Nb-, Ru-, Rh-, Ag, and Cd doped cases, and magnetic semiconductors for systems with Mo and Tc dopants. In particular, the Nb- and Mo-doped systems display long-ranged ferromagnetic ordering with Curie temperature above room temperature, which are primarily attributable to the double-exchange mechanism, and the p-d/p-p hybridizations, respectively. Moreover, The Mo-doped system has excellent energetic stability and flexible mechanical stability, and also possesses remarkable dynamic and thermal (500 K) stability. Our studies demonstrate that Nb- and Mo-doped SnS2 monolayers are promising candidates for preparing 2D diluted magnetic semiconductors, and hence will be a helpful clue for experimentalists.

Consequences of Ca multisite occupation for the conducting properties of BaTiO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zulueta, Y.A., E-mail: yohandysalexis.zuluetaleyva@student.kuleuven.be [Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Oriente, CP-90500 Santiago de Cuba (Cuba); Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Dawson, J.A. [Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ (United Kingdom); Leyet, Y. [Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Otávio, 6200 – Coroado I, 69077-000 Manaus (Brazil); Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Otávio, 6200 – Coroado I, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas (Brazil); Anglada-Rivera, J. [Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas, Av. 7de Setembro, 1975, 69020-120 Manaus (Brazil); Guerrero, F. [Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Otávio, 6200 – Coroado I, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas (Brazil); Silva, R.S. [Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE (Brazil); Nguyen, Minh Tho [Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium)

2016-11-15

In combination with the dielectric modulus formalism and theoretical calculations, a newly developed defect incorporation mode, which is a combination of the standard A- and B-site doping mechanisms, is used to explain the conducting properties in 5 mol% Ca-doped BaTiO{sub 3}. Simulation results for Ca solution energies in the BaTiO{sub 3} lattice show that the new oxygen vacancy inducing mixed mode exhibits low defect energies. A reduction in dc conductivity compared with undoped BaTiO{sub 3} is witnessed for the incorporation of Ca. The conducting properties of 5 mol% Ca-doped BaTiO{sub 3} are analyzed using molecular dynamics and impedance spectroscopy. The ionic conductivity activation energies for each incorporation mode are calculated and good agreement with experimental data for oxygen migration is observed. The likely existence of the proposed defect configuration is also analyzed on the basis of these methods. - Graphical abstract: Oxygen vacancy formation as a result of self-compensation in Ca-doped BaTiO{sub 3}.

Spectroscopic and optical properties of the VO2+ ion doped TeO2-TiO2-ZnO-Nb2O5 glass system

Science.gov (United States)

Swapna; Upender, G.; Sreenivasulu, V.; Prasad, M.

2016-04-01

Studies such as optical absorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were carried out on VO2+ ion doped TeO2-TiO2-ZnO-Nb2O5 glass system. Raman and FTIR spectra of the glasses revealed the presence of [TeO3], [TeO4] and [NbO6] structural units in the glass network. The Urbach energy (Δ E), cut-off wavelength (λ c ), optical band gap ( E opt ), optical basicity (Λ) and electron polarizability ( α) of the glasses were determined from optical absorption studies. The density ( ρ), molar volume ( V m ), oxygen molar volume ( V o ) and refractive index ( n) were also measured. Spin-Hamiltonian parameters were calculated from the EPR studies. When Nb2O5 was increased at the expense of ZnO, the density, optical band gap and Urbach energy of the glasses increased, and the electronic polarizability and optical basicity decreased. The EPR spectra clearly showed that vanadium was in the glass as VO2+ and occupied octahedral sites with tetrahedral compression. Spin-Hamiltonian parameters g‖ and g⊥ decreased as Nb2O5 content increased in the glass. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) also increased with increasing Nb2O5 content in the glass.

Fabrication and characterization of nanostructured Ba-doped BiFeO3 porous ceramics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mostafavi E.

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Nanostructured barium doped bismuth ferrite, Bi₀.₈Ba₀.₂FeO₃ porous ceramics with a relatively high magnetic coercivity was fabricated via sacrificial pore former method. X-ray diffraction results showed that 20 wt.% Ba doping induces a structural phase transition from rhombohedral to distorted pseudo-cubic structure in the final porous samples. Moreover, utilizing Bi₀.₈Ba₀.₂FeO₃ as the starting powder reduces the destructive interactions between the matrix phase and pore former, leading to an increase in stability of bismuth ferrite phase in the final porous ceramics. Urea-derived Bi₀.₈Ba₀.₂FeO₃ porous ceramic exhibits density of 4.74 g/cm³ and porosity of 45 % owing the uniform distribution of interconnected pores with a mean pore size of 7.5 μm. Well defined nanostructured cell walls with a mean grain size of 90 nm were observed in the above sample, which is in a good accordance with the grain size obtained from BET measurements. Saturation magnetization decreased from 2.31 in the Bi₀.₈Ba₀.₂FeO₃ compact sample to 1.85 A m²/kg in urea-derived Bi₀.₈Ba₀.₂FeO₃ porous sample; moreover, coercivity increased from 284 to 380 kA/m.

Depinning of the ferroelectric domain wall in congruent LiNbO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Donghwa, E-mail: donghwa96@jnu.ac.kr [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186 (Korea, Republic of); Gopalan, Venkatraman [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (United States); Phillpot, Simon R. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (United States)

2016-08-22

The high coercive field, E{sub c}, of congruent LiNbO{sub 3} can be reduced by doping with Mg or Zn atoms, or by increasing the temperature above a threshold value. The physical origin for this reduction is not currently understood. Here, density functional theory calculations illustrate the atomic origin of the change in the switching field of the congruent LiNbO{sub 3}. They show that the high E{sub c} in the congruent LiNbO{sub 3} is a result of niobium antisite atoms on the lithium sublattice, pinning the motion of the domain walls. Thus, the healing of antisites by diffusion can significantly reduce the coercive field. In addition, this work demonstrates that the migration of these niobium antisites can be enhanced by doping or by changing the temperature. Thus, the depinning process of the congruent LiNbO{sub 3} is understood by the migration of the niobium antisite defect across the domain wall.

Carrier doping into a superconducting BaPb0.7Bi0.3O3‑δ epitaxial film using an electric double-layer transistor structure

Science.gov (United States)

Komori, S.; Kakeya, I.

2018-06-01

Doping evolution of the unconventional superconducting properties in BaBiO3-based compounds has yet to be clarified in detail due to the significant change of the oxygen concentration accompanied by the chemical substitution. We suggest that the carrier concentration of an unconventional superconductor, BaPb0.7Bi0.3O3‑δ , is controllable without inducing chemical or structural changes using an electric double-layer transistor structure. The critical temperature is found to decrease systematically with increasing carrier concentration.

Effects of reductive annealing on insulating polycrystalline thin films of Nb-doped anatase TiO2: recovery of high conductivity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakao, Shoichiro; Hirose, Yasushi; Hasegawa, Tetsuya

2016-01-01

We studied the effects of reductive annealing on insulating polycrystalline thin films of anatase Nb-doped TiO 2 (TNO). The insulating TNO films were intentionally fabricated by annealing conductive TNO films in oxygen ambient at 400 °C. Reduced free carrier absorption in the insulating TNO films indicated carrier compensation due to excess oxygen. With H 2 -annealing, both carrier density and Hall mobility recovered to the level of conducting TNO, demonstrating that the excess oxygen can be efficiently removed by the annealing process without introducing additional scattering centers. (paper)

Effect of Nb2O5 doping on improving the thermo-mechanical stability of sealing interfaces for solid oxide fuel cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Qi; Du, Xinhang; Tan, Shengwei; Tang, Dian; Chen, Kongfa; Zhang, Teng

2017-07-13

Nb 2 O 5 is added to a borosilicate sealing system to improve the thermo-mechanical stability of the sealing interface between the glass and Fe-Cr metallic interconnect (Crofer 22APU) in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The thermo-mechanical stability of the glass/metal interface is evaluated experimentally as well as by using a finite element analysis (FEA) method. The sealing glass doped with 4 mol.% Nb 2 O 5 shows the best thermo-mechanical stability, and the sealing couple of Crofer 22APU/glass/GDC (Gd 0.2 Ce 0.8 O 1.9 ) remains intact after 50 thermal cycles. In addition, all sealing couples show good joining after being held at 750 °C for 1000 h. Moreover, the possible mechanism on the thermo-mechanical stability of sealing interface is investigated in terms of stress-based and energy-based perspectives.

Transparent Conducting Nb-Doped TiO2 Electrodes Activated by Laser Annealing for Inexpensive Flexible Organic Solar Cells

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Jung-Hsiang; Lin, Chia-Chi; Lin, Yi-Chang

2012-01-01

A KrF excimer laser (λ= 248 nm) has been adopted for annealing cost-effective Nb-doped TiO2 (NTO) films. Sputtered NTO layers were annealed on SiO2-coated flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates. This local laser annealing technique is very useful for the formation of anatase NTO electrodes used in flexible organic solar cells (OSCs). An amorphous NTO film with a high resistivity and a low transparency was transformed significantly into a conductive and transparent anatase NTO electrode by laser irradiation. The 210 nm anatase NTO film shows a sheet resistance of 50 Ω and an average optical transmittance of 83.5% in the wavelength range from 450 to 600 nm after annealing at 0.25 J/cm2. The activation of Nb dopants and the formation of the anatase phase contribute to the high conductivity of the laser-annealed NTO electrode. Nb activation causes an increase in the optical band gap due to the Burstein-Moss effect. The electrical properties are in agreement with the material characteristics determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The irradiation energy for the NTO electrode also affects the performance of the organic solar cell. The laser annealing technique provides good properties of the anatase NTO film used as a transparent electrode for flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) without damage to the PET substrate or layer delamination from the substrate.

The effects of PbZn1/3Nb2/3O3-doping on structural, thermal, optical, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of BaTiO3 ceramics

Science.gov (United States)

Suchanicz, J.; Świerczek, K.; Sitko, D.; Czaja, P.; Marchet, P.; Czternastek, H.; Majda, D.

2017-09-01

Low-lead (1-x)BT-xPZN (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.10, 0.125, and 0.15) ceramics were successfully synthesized by the spark-plasma-sintering method for the first time. Their phase transition behavior as well as structural, thermal, optical, and electrical properties was investigated. These materials exhibit the structure of perovskite-type solid solutions and undergo a sequence of phase transitions, typical of pure BaTiO3 (BT). The dielectric test results revealed that with the increase in the PbZn1/3Nb2/3O3 (PZN) content, the frequency dispersion of electric permittivity increases, whilst the dielectric/ferroelectric properties tend to deteriorate, which is characteristic of relaxor-type behavior. Therefore, it is reasonable to suppose that these ceramics progressively lack long-range ordering. These effects are due to the competition between lone-pair electrons' induced changes in the A-O band upon Pb2+ addition and ionic size differences. In general, the transition temperatures observed by dielectric analyses are in good agreement with those obtained from X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The BT-PZN system may help to understand why relaxor behavior appears in perovskite-based materials. It appears that these materials can become a good starting point for the development of new low-lead electronic ceramics.

Nb-TiO{sub 2}/polymer hybrid solar cells with photovoltaic response under inert atmosphere conditions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lira-Cantu, Monica; Khoda Siddiki, Mahbube; Munoz-Rojas, David; Amade, Roger [Centre d' Investigacio en Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (CIN2, CSIC), Laboratory of Nanostructured Materials for Photovoltaic Energy, Campus UAB, Barcelona (Spain); Gonzalez-Pech, Natalia I. [Centre d' Investigacio en Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (CIN2, CSIC), Laboratory of Nanostructured Materials for Photovoltaic Energy, Campus UAB, Barcelona (Spain); Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM), Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada, 64640 Monterrey, N.L. (Mexico)

2010-07-15

Hybrid Solar Cells (HSC) applying Nb-TiO{sub 2} in direct contact with a conducting organic polymer, MEH-PPV, show higher stability than the bare TiO{sub 2}-based HSC when analyzed under inert atmosphere conditions. IPCE analyses revealed that inert atmospheres affect directly the semiconductor oxide in the first stages of the analyses but photovoltaic performance stabilizes after several hours. A 20 wt% Nb-doped TiO{sub 2} presented the highest stability and photovoltaic properties. The behavior has been attributed to the solubility limit of Nb within the TiO{sub 2} beyond 20 wt% doping level where the co-existence of NbO{sub 2} is observed. The HSCs were analyzed under controlled N{sub 2} atmosphere and 1000 W/m{sup 2} (AM 1.5) irradiation. (author)

First-principles study of (Ba ,Ca ) TiO3 and Ba (Ti ,Zr ) O3 solid solutions

Science.gov (United States)

Amoroso, Danila; Cano, Andrés; Ghosez, Philippe

2018-05-01

(Ba ,Ca ) TiO3 and Ba (Ti ,Zr ) O3 solid solutions are the building blocks of lead-free piezoelectric materials that attract a renewed interest. We investigate the properties of these systems by means of first-principles calculations, with a focus on the lattice dynamics and the competition between different ferroelectric phases. We first analyze the four parent compounds in order to compare their properties and their different tendency towards ferroelectricity. The core of our study is systematic characterization of the binary systems (Ba ,Ca ) TiO3 and Ba (Ti ,Zr ) O3 within both the virtual crystal approximation and direct supercell calculations. In the case of Ca doping, we find a gradual transformation from B -site to A -site ferroelectricity due to steric effects that largely determines the behavior of the system. In the case of Zr doping, in contrast, the behavior is eventually dominated by cooperative Zr-Ti motions and the local electrostatics. In addition, our comparative study reveals that the specific microscopic physics of these solids sets severe limits to the applicability of the virtual crystal approximation for these systems.

Electrical properties of Sb and Cr-doped PbZrO3-PbTiO3-PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 ceramics

OpenAIRE

Whatmore, Roger W.; Molter, O.; Shaw, Christopher P.

2003-01-01

The pyroelectric, dielectric and DC resistive properties of Sb and Cr-doped ceramics with a base composition of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.025(Zr0.825Ti0.175)0.975O3 have been studied. Sb doping has been shown to produce a linear reduction in Curie temperature (TC=−22z+294 °C) with concentration (z) and to give an increase in pyroelectric coefficient from 250 to 310 μCm−2 K−1 for z increasing from 0 to 3 at.%. It also produces first a reduction and then an increase in both dielectric constant and loss, ...

Spectroscopic properties and energy transfer analysis of Tm3+-doped BaF2-Ga2O3-GeO2-La2O3 glass.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Shenglei; Yang, Zhongmin; Xu, Shanhui

2010-05-01

This paper reports on the spectroscopic properties and energy transfer analysis of Tm(3+)-doped BaF(2)-Ga(2)O(3)-GeO(2)-La(2)O(3) glasses with different Tm(2)O(3) doping concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 3.5, 4.0 wt%). Mid-IR fluorescence intensities in the range of 1,300 nm-2,200 nm have been measured when excited under an 808 nm LD for all the samples with the same pump power. Energy level structure and Judd-Ofelt parameters have been calculated based on the absorption spectra of Tm(3+), cross-relaxation rates and multi-phonon relaxation rates have been estimated with different Tm(2)O(3) doping concentrations. The maximum fluorescence intensity at around 1.8 mum has been obtained in Tm(2)O(3)-3 wt% sample and the maximum value of calculated stimulated emission cross-section of Tm(3+) in this sample is about 0.48 x 10(-20) cm(2) at 1,793 nm, and there is not any crystallization peak in the DSC curve of this sample, which indicate the potential utility of Tm(3+)-doped BaF(2)-Ga(2)O(3)-GeO(2)- La(2)O(3) glass for 2.0-microm optical fiber laser.

Photoionization behavior of Eu2+-doped BaMgSiO4 long-persisting phosphor upon UV irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Gong, Y.; Xu, X.; Zhang, F.

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Photoionization behavior of BaMgSiO 4 :Eu 2+ long persistent phosphor upon UV irradiation. → Green phosphorescence was obtained from BaMgSiO 4 :Eu 2+ . → The ionization of Eu 2+ to Eu 3+ was observed in BaMgSiO 4 :Eu 2+ . → The photogenerated Eu 3+ cannot change back to its divalent state at room temperature. → The phosphorescence is associated with the formation forming Eu 3+ -e - pairs. - Abstract: The fluorescence, phosphorescence and thermoluminescence properties of Eu-doped BaMgSiO 4 phosphors sintered in air and in a reducing atmosphere were investigated. Phosphorescence of phosphor sintered in a reducing atmosphere can last for 1.5 h at a recognizable intensity level, whereas phosphorescence of air-sintered phosphor can only persist for 6 min. In addition, a distinction between the shape of the fluorescence spectrum and its corresponding phosphorescence spectrum is observed in the former case. Ionization of Eu 2+ to Eu 3+ upon UV irradiation is observed in the phosphor prepared in a reducing atmosphere, but there is no indication that the photogenerated Eu 3+ cannot change back to its divalent state at room temperature after the excitation source is switched off. In addition, phosphor sintered in a reducing atmosphere shows photochromism upon UV irradiation. No such photoionization and photochromism behavior is observed for the air-sintered phosphor. A possible Eu 2+ photoionization mechanism is constructed on the basis of these experimental observations. The photoionization mechanism presented can also successfully explain the fluorescence and phosphorescence behavior of Eu in BaMgSiO 4 .

Preparation and dielectric properties of Dy, Er-doped BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hao Sue; Sun Liang; Huang Jinxiang

2008-01-01

Ba(Zr x Ti 1-x )O 3 nanopowders and ceramics with different Zr/Ti ratios of 1:9; 2:8; 2.5:7.5; 3.5:6.5 and 4:6 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.35, 0.4) have been prepared by sol-gel technology using inorganic zirconium as raw materials, and Zr/Ti ratio of 2:8 is determined as the best one according to the measurements of dielectric properties. So the modified Ba(Zr 0.2 ,Ti 0.8 )O 3 ceramics doped by Dy and Er (the additive content is 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.30% and 0.50% molar ratio, respectively) have been prepared, and the effects of rare earth on the microstructure and dielectric properties of Ba(Zr 0.2 ,Ti 0.8 )O 3 ceramics have been studied. The experimental results show that the effect of Er is better than that of Dy in improving the dielectric properties of BaZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 ceramics. When the content of Er is 0.15 mol%, the dielectric constant is the highest of 12767, while the dielectric loss is lowered to 0.011; the frequency stabilities and the temperature dependence are also better, which is suitable for application in condenser field

High critical currents in heavily doped (Gd,Y)Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} superconductor tapes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Selvamanickam, V., E-mail: selva@uh.edu; Gharahcheshmeh, M. Heydari; Xu, A.; Galstyan, E.; Delgado, L. [Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, Texas 77204-4006 (United States); Cantoni, C. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381 (United States)

2015-01-19

REBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} ((REBCO), RE = rare earth) superconductor tapes with moderate levels of dopants have been optimized for high critical current density in low magnetic fields at 77 K, but they do not exhibit exemplary performance in conditions of interest for practical applications, i.e., temperatures less than 50 K and fields of 2–30 T. Heavy doping of REBCO tapes has been avoided by researchers thus far due to deterioration in properties. Here, we report achievement of critical current densities (J{sub c}) above 20 MA/cm{sup 2} at 30 K, 3 T in heavily doped (25 mol. % Zr-added) (Gd,Y)Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} superconductor tapes, which is more than three times higher than the J{sub c} typically obtained in moderately doped tapes. Pinning force levels above 1000 GN/m{sup 3} have also been attained at 20 K. A composition map of lift factor in J{sub c} (ratio of J{sub c} at 30 K, 3 T to the J{sub c} at 77 K, 0 T) has been developed which reveals the optimum film composition to obtain lift factors above six, which is thrice the typical value. A highly c-axis aligned BaZrO{sub 3} (BZO) nanocolumn defect density of nearly 7 × 10{sup 11 }cm{sup −2} as well as 2–3 nm sized particles rich in Cu and Zr have been found in the high J{sub c} films.

Synthesis and luminescence properties of Ce{sup 3+} doped MWO{sub 4} (M=Ca, Sr and Ba) microcrystalline phosphors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dabre, K.V. [Department of Physics, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Koradi, Nagpur (India); Dhoble, S.J., E-mail: sjdhoble@rediffmail.com [Department of Physics, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033 (India); Lochab, Jyoti [Radiotherapy Department, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi (India)

2014-05-01

The Ce{sup 3+} doped and undoped samples of alkali earth metal tungstate MWO{sub 4} (M=Ca, Sr, and Ba) phosphors are synthesized by a co-precipitation method in controlled pH environment. The resulting phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL). XRD pattern and SEM micrographs reveal the formation of agglomerated microcrystalline phosphor. FTIR spectra show the strong absorption around 821 cm{sup −1} due to characteristic vibrations of (WO{sub 4}){sup 2−} complex. PL excitation spectra show broadband in the UV region having peak at 280 nm, and the emission spectrum shows broadband in the visible region with peak in the blue region. The PL emission intensity increases with Ce{sup 3+} concentration with the most effective concentration at 5 mol%. The complex TL glow curve of Ce{sup 3+} doped phosphors is deconvoluted by using a TLAnal computer program. The trap parameters obtained by TLAnal were compared with those calculated by Chen's method and a possible model for TL is discussed. - Highlights: • M{sub 1−x}WO{sub 4}:Ce{sub x} (M=Ca, Sr, and Ba) phosphors are synthesized by the co-precipitation method in controlled pH environment. • Phosphor exhibits broad emission band with maximum in the blue region. • Enhancement of PL emission intensity due to doping of Ce in a host lattice. • The complex TL glow curves were deconvoluted by TLAnal. • FTIR spectra show the main transmittance peaks related to v{sub 3} and v{sub 4} vibration modes of W–O bonds.

Lattice dynamics, phase transition, and tunable fundamental band gap of photovoltaic (K,Ba)(Ni,Nb)O3 -δ ceramics from spectral measurements and first-principles calculations

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Chuanqian; Wang, Fang; Sun, Yuyun; Jiang, Kai; Gong, Shijing; Hu, Zhigao; Zhou, Zhiyong; Dong, Xianlin; Chu, Junhao

2018-03-01

Ferroelectrics have long been recognized as one of the candidate class of materials for applications in photovoltaic devices. Recently, ferroelectric perovskite (K,Ba) (Ni,Nb) O3 -δ has been successfully synthesized and demonstrated to have a near-optimal band gap (1.39 eV), exhibiting good photovoltaic performance. However, the connection between the structural order-disorder transformation, electronic structure, bulk photovoltaic, and photocatalytic properties remains not well understood. Here, we investigate the phase transition evolutions of lead-free [KNbO3]1-x[BaNi1/2Nb1/2O3 -δ] x (KBNNO x , x =0 -0.5 ) ceramics via x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, and computational evidences. The lattice dynamics and the origin of the successive rhombohedral→orthorhombic→tetragonal→cubic phase transitions have been systemically explored based on temperature-dependent XRD peak positions and phonon modes under different geometries. Moreover, the differences in the phase transition temperature and interior structure between the solid solution x =0.2 and the end member x =0 highlight local and nonlocal characteristics, which are helpful for understanding the photovoltaic mechanisms. Additionally, the robust photocatalytic decoloration effect on methylene blue can further confirm the photon-generated carrier behavior in the partly structural disordered orthorhombic phase. This identification of structural phases, combined with the ability to perform photocatalytic decoloration, give some insights on promising oxide applications as semiconducting ferroelectric absorbers and carrier-separating layers in photocatalytic or photovoltaic devices.

Effect of Nb and F Co-doping on Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 Cathode Material for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lei Ming

2018-04-01

Full Text Available The Li1.2Mn0.54−xNbxCo0.13Ni0.13O2−6xF6x (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 is prepared by traditional solid-phase method, and the Nb and F ions are successfully doped into Mn and O sites of layered materials Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O2, respectively. The incorporating Nb ion in Mn site can effectively restrain the migration of transition metal ions during long-term cycling, and keep the stability of the crystal structure. The Li1.2Mn0.54−xNbxCo0.13Ni0.13O2−6xF6x shows suppressed voltage fade and higher capacity retention of 98.1% after 200 cycles at rate of 1 C. The replacement of O2− by the strongly electronegative F− is beneficial for suppressed the structure change of Li2MnO3 from the eliminating of oxygen in initial charge process. Therefore, the initial coulombic efficiency of doped Li1.2Mn0.54−xNbxCo0.13Ni0.13O2−6xF6x gets improved, which is higher than that of pure Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O2. In addition, the Nb and F co-doping can effectively enhance the transfer of lithium-ion and electrons, and thus improving rate performance.

Microwave characteristics of sol-gel based Ag-doped (Ba{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4})TiO{sub 3} thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Kyoung-Tae; Kim, Cheolbok [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 (United States); Senior, David E. [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 (United States); Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar Cartagena, 130011 Colombia (Colombia); Kim, Dongsu [Packaging Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Gyeonggi-do, 463-816 (Korea, Republic of); Yoon, Yong-Kyu, E-mail: ykyoon@ece.ufl.edu [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 (United States)

2014-08-28

Dielectric Ba{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}TiO{sub 3} (BST) thin films with a different concentration of Ag-dopant of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 5 mol % have been prepared using an alkoxide-based sol-gel method on a Pt(111)/TiO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2}/Si substrate and their surface morphology and crystallinity have been examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, respectively. An on-chip metal-insulator-metal capacitor has been fabricated with the prepared thin film ferroelectric sample. Concentric coplanar electrodes are used for high frequency electrical characterization with a vector network analyzer and a probe station. The SEM images show that increasing Ag doping concentration leads to a decrease in grain size. XRD reveals that the fabricated films show good BST crystallinity for all the concentration while a doping concentration of 5 mol % starts to show an Ag peak, implying a metallic phase. Improved microwave dielectric loss properties of the BST thin films are observed in a low Ag doping level. Especially, BST with an Ag doping concentration of 1 mol % shows the best properties with a dielectric constant of 269.3, a quality factor of 48.1, a tunability at the electric field of 100 kV/cm of 41.2 %, a leakage-current density of 1.045 × 10{sup −7}A/cm{sup 2} at an electric field of 100 kV/cm and a figure of merit (defined by tunability (%) divided by tan δ (%)) of 19.59 under a dc bias voltage of 10 V at 1 GHz. - Highlights: • High quality Ag-doped Ba{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}TiO{sub 3} (BST) thin films were derived by the sol-gel method. • Doped Ag replaced the A site ions in the ABO{sub 3} type structure. • Doped Ag helped lower leakage current by filling oxygen vacancies, which is a leakage path. • Microwave characteristics of low dielectric loss and good tunability were confirmed. • Great potential is envisioned for low loss tunable microwave applications.

The effect of secondary abnormal grain growth on the dielectric properties of La/Mn co-doped BaTiO3 ceramics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Živković Lj.M.

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La/Mn-codoped BaTiO3 systems, obtained by solid state reactions, were investigated regarding their microstructure characteristics and ferroelectric properties. Different concentrations of La2O3 were used for doping, ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 at% La, while a content of Mn was constant at 0.05 at%. For all samples sintered below the eutectic temperature (1332°C, a uniform microstructure was formed with average grain size from 1-3 μm. The appearance of secondary abnormal grains with (111 double twins grains with curved or faceted grain boundaries were observed in La/Mn BaTiO3 ceramics after sintering at temperatures above the eutectic temperature. All sintered samples exhibited a high electrical resistivity. Better dielectric performances were obtained for low doped samples (0.1 at% La sintered at 1350°C. For samples with La content above 1.0 at% a lower value in dielectric permittivity at higher sintering temperature is due to secondary abnormal grain growth, and to the presence of a non-ferroelectric phase rich in La. The Curie constant together with other dielectric parameters were also calculated.

Electrical conductivity and chemical stability of BaCe0· 8− xAxGd0 ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

... K. BaCe0.7In0.1Gd0.2O3− and BaCe0.7Zr0.1Gd0.2O3− ceramics exhibit an excellent chemical stability against boiling water. Indium is a suitable doping element to promote the sintering densification and to enhance both electrical conductivity and chemical stability of Gd-doped BaCeO3 at operating temperatures.

Effect of light rare earth doping in 123 high temperature supercoductors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Mirzadeh

2006-09-01

Full Text Available   We have studied the structural and electrical properties of Gd(Ba2-xLaxCu3O7+δ [Gd(BaLa123], Gd(Ba2-xNdxCu3O7+δ [Gd(BaNd123], and Nd(Ba2-xPrxCu3O7+δ [Nd(BaPr123] compounds with 0.0≤x≤0.8 prepared by the standard solid-state reaction. The XRD patterns show that all of the samples with x≤0.5 are isosructure 123 phase, but in Gd(BaNd123 and Nd(BaPr123 there are several impurity peaks in the XRD patterns for x≥0.6. We estimated the xcsolubility=1.1, 0.6 and 0.55 in Gd(BaLa123, Nd(BaPr123, and Gd(BaNd123, respectively. The resistivity increases with the increase of doping. The decrease of Tc with the increase of Pr doping is faster than Nd and La doping. The normal-state resistivity is fitted for two and three dimensional variable range hopping (2D&amp3D-VRH and Coulomb gap (CG regimes, separately. Our results indicate that the dominant mechanism for x≥xcSIT is 3D-VRH. The broadening of magnetoresistance have been investigated by TAFC and AH models. The pinning energy and Josephson coupling energy, decrease with the increase of applied magnetic field as U~H-β, these values also decrease with doping concentration Pr is more effective than Nd and La.

Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3 glasses for ∼1.2 μm laser applications

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Shunbin; Li, Chengzhi; Yao, Chuanfei; Jia, Shijie; Jia, Zhixu; Qin, Guanshi; Qin, Weiping

2017-02-01

Intense ∼1.2 μm fluorescence is observed in Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3 glasses under 915 nm laser diode excitation. The 1.2 μm emission can be ascribed to the transition 5I6→5I8 of Ho3+. With the introducing of BaF2, the content of OH in the glasses drops markedly, and the 1.2 μm emission intensity increases gradually as increasing the concentration percentage of BaF2. Furthermore, microstructured fibers based on the TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3 glasses are fabricated by using a rod-in-tube method, and a relative positive gain of ∼9.42 dB at 1175.3 nm is obtained in a 5 cm long fiber.

Evaluation of GdBaCo{sub 2}O{sub 5+{delta}} as cathode material for doped lanthanum gallate electrolyte IT-SOFCs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tarancon, A. [Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain); EME/XaRMAE/IN, Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona (Spain); Marrero-Lopez, D.; Ruiz-Morales, J.C.; Nunez, P. [Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain); Pena-Martinez, J.

2008-10-15

The layered perovskite GdBaCo{sub 2}O{sub 5+{delta}} (GBCO), recently proposed for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell applications, was investigated and compared with Ba{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Co{sub 0.8}Fe{sub 0.2}O{sub 3-{delta}} (BSCF) cathode material using La{sub 0.9}A{sub 0.1}Ga{sub 0.8}Mg{sub 0.2}O{sub 2.85} (A=Sr,Ba) as electrolytes. Area-specific resistance was measured by impendance spectroscopy in symmetrical cells. The cobaltites were prepared by a modified citrate sol-gel route and tested as cathode materials for doped lanthanum gallate-based cells using dry H{sub 2} as fuel and air as oxidant, rendering power density values of 180 and 240 mW cm {sup -2} at 1,073 K (1 mm thick pellets) for GBCO and BSCF fuel cells, respectively. (Abstract Copyright [2008], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Colloidal synthesis of BaF2 nanoparticles and their application as fillers in polymer nanocomposites

Science.gov (United States)

Sathyamurthy, Srivatsan; Tuncer, Enis; More, Karren L.; Gu, Baohua; Sauers, Isidor; Paranthaman, M. Parans

2012-03-01

Nanoparticles of pure and Eu-doped BaF2 have been prepared through sol-gel colloidal synthesis. In addition, BaF2-filled PMMA polymer nanocomposites were fabricated and dielectric properties were measured. The as-synthesized pure and Eu-doped BaF2 nanoparticles were analyzed by both X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and consisted of crystalline BaF2 particles with an average diameter of 13.6 nm with a standard deviation of about ±2.4 nm. The photoluminescence properties of the pure and Eu-doped (2%, 4% and 8%) nanoparticles showed characteristic emission of Eu3+ (5D0→7F J ( J=1-4) transitions). We also measured significantly enhanced dielectric breakdown strength of up to 30% for BaF2 nanocomposites over the unfilled PMMA polymer. This study thus offers some promise of sol-gel synthesis of nanocomposite dielectrics with great potential for use as electrical insulation materials in cryogenic high-voltage applications.

Colloidal synthesis of BaF2 nanoparticles and their application as fillers in polymer nanocomposites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sathyamurthy, Srivatsan [ORNL; Tuncer, Enis [ORNL; More, Karren Leslie [ORNL; Gu, Baohua [ORNL; Sauers, Isidor [ORNL; Paranthaman, Mariappan Parans [ORNL

2012-01-01

Nanoparticles of pure and Eu-doped BaF2 have been prepared through sol-gel colloidal synthesis. In addition, BaF2 filled PMMA polymer nanocomposites were fabricated and dielectric properties were measured. The as-synthesized pure and Eu-doped BaF2 nanoparticles were analyzed by both X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and consisted of crystalline BaF2 particles with an average diameter of 13.6 nm with a standard deviation of about 2.4 nm. The photoluminescence properties of the pure and Eu-doped (2%, 4% and 8%) nanoparticles showed characteristic emission of Eu3+ (5D0 7FJ (J=1-4) transitions). We also measured significantly enhanced dielectric breakdown strength of up to 30% for BaF2 nanocomposites over the unfilled PMMA polymer. This study thus offers some promise of sol-gel synthesis of nanocomposite dielectrics with great potential for use as electrical insulation materials in cryogenic high voltage applications.

Formation of qualified BaHfO3 doped Y0.5Gd0.5Ba2Cu3O7-δ film on CeO2 buffered IBAD-MgO tape by self-seeding pulsed laser deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Linfei; Wang, Wei; Yao, Yanjie; Wu, Xiang; Lu, Saidan; Li, Yijie

2018-05-01

Improvement in the in-filed transport properties of REBa2Cu3O7-δ (RE = rare earth elements, REBCO) coated conductor is needed to meet the performance requirements for various practical applications, which can be accomplished by introducing artificial pinning centers (APCs), such as second phase dopant. However, with increasing dopant level the critical current density Jc at 77 K in zero applied magnetic field decreases. In this paper, in order to improve Jc we propose a seed layer technique. 5 mol% BaHfO3 (BHO) doped Y0.5Gd0.5Ba2Cu3O7-δ (YGBCO) epilayer with an inserted seed layer was grown on CeO2 buffered ion beam assisted deposition MgO (IBAD-MgO) tape by pulsed laser deposition. The effect of the conditions employed to prepare the seed layer, including tape moving speed and chemical composition, on the quality of 5 mol% BHO doped YGBCO epilayer was systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. It was found that all the samples with seed layer have higher Jc (77 K, self-field) than the 5 mol% BHO doped YGBCO film without seed layer. The seed layer could inhibit deterioration of the Jc at 77 K and self-filed. Especially, the self-seed layer (5 mol% BHO doped YGBCO seed layer) was more effective in improving the crystal quality, surface morphology and superconducting performance. At 4.2 K, the 5 mol% BHO doped YGBCO film with 4 nm thick self-seed layer had a very high flux pinning force density Fp of 860 GN/m3 for B//c under a 9 T field, and more importantly, the peak of the Fp curve was not observed.

Structural and electrical properties of Nb doped TiO{sub 2} films prepared by the sol–gel layer-by-layer technique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duta, M., E-mail: mduta@icf.ro [Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Simeonov, S. [Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee, 1784 Sofia (Bulgaria); Teodorescu, V. [National Institute of Material Physics, 105 bis Atomistilor Street, 077125 Bucharest, Magurele (Romania); Predoana, L.; Preda, S.; Nicolescu, M.; Marin, A. [Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Spasov, D. [Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee, 1784 Sofia (Bulgaria); Gartner, M.; Zaharescu, M. [Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Szekeres, A. [Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee, 1784 Sofia (Bulgaria)

2016-02-15

Highlights: • TiO{sub 2}:Nb (1.2 at.%) multilayer films were deposited by sol–gel method on glass and Si. • 5 and 10 layers TiO{sub 2}:Nb films crystallize only in the anatase phase. • E{sub g} values are within 3.24–3.32 eV showing a decrease with increasing the layer number. • The specific resistivity, effective donor and sheet energy densities were obtained. • Nb donor compensation by acceptor levels in TiO{sub 2}:Nb film was suggested. - Abstract: Thin films of 5 and 10-layered sol–gel TiO{sub 2} were doped with 1.2 at.% Nb and their structural, optical and electrical properties were investigated. The films crystallized only in anatase phase, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction analyses. High resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed nanosized crystallites with amorphous boundaries. Current-voltage measurements on metal-TiO{sub 2}–Si structures showed the formation of n{sup +}–n heterojunction at the TiO{sub 2}–Si interface with a rectification ratio of 10{sup 4}. The effective donor density varies between 10{sup 16} and 10{sup 17} cm{sup −3}, depending on film thickness. The sheet energy densities under forward and reverse bias are in the order of 10{sup 12} and 10{sup 10} cm{sup −2} eV{sup −1}, respectively. These values and the high specific resistivity (10{sup 4} Ω cm) support the existence of compensating acceptor levels in these films. It was established that the conduction mechanism is based on space charge limited current via deep levels with different energy positions in the band gap.

Superconductivity and fluctuations in Ba_1_–_pK_pFe_2As_2 and Ba(Fe_1_–_nCo_n)_2As_2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Böhm, T.; Hosseinian Ahangharnejhad, R.; Technical University of Munich, Garching

2016-01-01

In this paper, we study the interplay of fluctuations and superconductivity in BaFe_2As_2 (Ba-122) compounds with Ba and Fe substituted by K (p doping) and Co (n doping), respectively. To this end, we measured electronic Raman spectra as a function of polarization and temperature. We observe gap excitations and fluctuations for all doping levels studied. The response from fluctuations is much stronger for Co substitution and, according to the selection rules and the temperature dependence, originates from the exchange of two critical spin fluctuations with characteristic wave vectors (±π,0) and (0,±π). At 22% K doping (p = 0.22), we find the same selection rules and spectral shape for the fluctuations but the intensity is smaller by a factor of 5. Since there exists no nematic region above the orthorhombic spin-density-wave (SDW) phase, the identification of the fluctuations via the temperature dependence is not possible. The gap excitations in the superconducting state indicate strongly anisotropic near-nodal gaps for Co substitution which make the observation of collective modes difficult. The variation with doping of the spectral weights of the A_1_g and B_1_g gap features does not support the influence of fluctuations on Cooper pairing. Thus, the observation of Bardasis–Schrieffer modes inside the nearly clean gaps on the K-doped side remains the only experimental evidence for the relevance of fluctuations for pairing.

Rietveld refinement, dielectric and magnetic properties of Nb modified Bi0.80Ba0.20FeO3 ceramic

Science.gov (United States)

Jangra, Sandhaya; Sanghi, Sujata; Agarwal, Ashish; Rangi, Manisha

2018-05-01

Bi0.80Ba0.20Fe0.95Nb0.05O3 ceramic has been prepared via conventional solid state reaction method. Structure analysis was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique at room temperature. XRD pattern confirmed the crystalline nature of prepared sample. Rietveld analysis used for further structural investigations and confirmed the existence of rhombohedral symmetry (R3c space group). The dielectric response shows dispersion at lower frequency range and becomes frequency independent at high frequency. The approximation of conduction mechanism is determined by the temperature dependent behavior of frequency exponent `s'. Fitting results suggests the applicability of small polaron conduction mechanism at lower temperatures and CBH model at higher temperature. Room temperature magnetic measurements give the evidence of significant enhancement in magnetic properties with remanent magnetization (Mr = 0.1218 emu/g) and coercive field (Hc = 3.5342 kOe).