Analyses of a novel SCN5A mutation (C1850S): conduction vs. repolarization disorder hypotheses in the Brugada syndrome

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Petitprez, Séverine; Jespersen, Thomas; Pruvot, Etienne

2008-01-01

S SCN5A mutation. METHODS AND RESULTS: SCN5A was screened for mutations in a male patient with type-1 BrS pattern ECG. Wild-type (WT) and mutant Na(v)1.5 channels were expressed in HEK293 cells. Sodium currents (I(Na)) were analysed using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique at 37 degrees C......AIMS: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is characterized by arrhythmias leading to sudden cardiac death. BrS is caused, in part, by mutations in the SCN5A gene, which encodes the sodium channel alpha-subunit Na(v)1.5. Here, we aimed to characterize the biophysical properties and consequences of a novel Br....... The electrophysiological effects of the mutation were simulated using the Luo-Rudy model, into which the transient outward current (I(to)) was incorporated. A new mutation (C1850S) was identified in the Na(v)1.5 C-terminal domain. In HEK293 cells, mutant I(Na) density was decreased by 62% at -20 mV. Inactivation of mutant...

Alcalde, Ángel, Los excombatientes franquistas (1936-1965. La cultura de guerra del fascismo español y la Delegación Nacional de Excombatientes (1936-1965. Zaragoza, Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 2014, 411 pp.

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Miguel Ángel del Arco Blanco

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Alcalde, Ángel, Los excombatientes franquistas (1936-1965. La cultura de guerra del fascismo español y la Delegación Nacional de Excombatientes (1936-1965. Zaragoza, Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 2014, 411 pp.

Evolución escolar en Cantabria (1750-1850. // Evolution in Catabria School (1750-1850.

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Clotilde Gutiérrez Gutiérrez

2012-11-01

Full Text Available (ES La evolución que se experimenta en los distintos aspectos relacionados con la enseñanza primaria en Cantabria a lo largo de un siglo (1750-1850 es importante. En el siglo XVIII tiene lugar una serie de cambios en lo que se refiere al pensamiento educativo y a la importancia que, desde los poderes públicos, se da a la educación. Se inicia con los Ilustrados y el apoyo de los primeros Borbones en el poder, a los que siguen las reformas liberales del siglo XIX. En Cantabria, esa evolución tiene una progresión ascendente, y va por delante de otras regiones españolas, tanto en la creación de escuelas como en la formación de los maestros y asistencia de niños y niñas a la escuela. //(EN The evolution of the various aspects of primary education in Cantabria for over a century (1750- 1850 is important. In the eighteenth century, they develop some changes in terms of educational thought and the importance that public authorities give to education. It begins with the Enlightenment and the support of the first Bourbons in power, and this is followed by the liberal reforms of the nineteenth century. In Cantabria, this evolution has an upward progression, and is ahead of other Spanish regions, both in the establishment of schools and teacher training as in assistance of children at school.

Shouting in a Desert: Dutch missionary encounters with Javanese Islam, 1850-1910 : Dutch missionary encounters with Javanese Islam, 1850-1910

NARCIS (Netherlands)

M.J. Kruithof (Maryse)

2014-01-01

markdownabstract__Abstract__ ‘‘Shouting in a desert’ Dutch missionary encounters with Javanese Islam’ concentrates on the shifts and developments in the Dutch mission discourse within the period from 1850 to 1910. It explores the Dutch missionary encounter with local communities and is conducted

«Workers, do not vote!». CNT and Spanish Popular Front in the 1936 general elections | «Obreros, no votéis». La CNT y el Frente Popular en las elecciones de 1936

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Roberto Villa García

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This article aims to explain the position of CNT and FAI in the general elections of 1936. It analyzes how propagandists of both organizations understood the instructions, approved in their plenary meetings, during the election campaign. A comparison with anarcho-syndical propaganda of November 1933, as well as an analysis of the different points of view that CNT and the leftist coalition called Popular Front had about amnesty and fascist danger, challenge the idea that they shared similar interests in 1936 and that laxity in the anarchist position against politics and elections took place therein. | Este artículo pretende aclarar la postura de la CNT y la FAI ante las elecciones generales de 1936. Se analiza cómo tradujeron los propagandistas de ambas organizaciones las ponencias electorales aprobadas en sus Plenos durante la campaña electoral. La comparación con la propaganda anarcosindicalista de noviembre de 1933 y el análisis de las concepciones dispares que la CNT y las izquierdas coaligadas en el Frente Popular mantenían sobre la amnistía y el peligro fascista, cuestionan que en 1936 se produjera una convergencia de intereses entre ambas y, por tanto, un relajamiento en las posiciones apolíticas y antielectorales de aquélla.

21 CFR 872.1850 - Lead-lined position indicator.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES DENTAL DEVICES Diagnostic Devices § 872.1850 Lead-lined position indicator. (a... dental x-ray tube and intended to aid in positioning the tube, to prevent the misfocusing of the x-rays by absorbing divergent radiation, and to prevent leakage of radiation. (b) Classification. Class I...

Jung's evolving views of Nazi Germany: from 1936 to the end of World War II.

Science.gov (United States)

Schoenl, William

2014-04-01

This article first shows Jung's evolving views of Nazi Germany from 1936 to the beginning of World War II. In a lecture at the Tavistock Clinic, London, in October 1936, he made his strongest and most negative statements to that date about Nazi Germany. While in Berlin in September 1937 for lectures to the Jung Gesellschaft, his observations of Hitler at a military parade led him to conclude that should the catastrophe of war come it would be far more and bloodier than he had previously supposed. After the Sudetenland Crisis in Fall 1938, Jung in interviews made stronger comments on Hitler and Nazi Germany. The article shows how strongly anti-Nazi Jung's views were in relation to events during World War II such as Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland, the fall of France, the bombings of Britain, the U.S. entry into the War, and Allied troops advancing into Germany. Schoenl and Peck, 'An Answer to the Question: Was Jung, for a Time, a "Nazi Sympathizer" or Not?' (2012) demonstrated how his views of Nazi Germany changed from 1933 to March 1936. The present article shows how his views evolved from 1936 to the War's end in 1945. © 2014, The Society of Analytical Psychology.

Extirpations of grizzly bears in the contiguous United States of America, 1850-2000

Science.gov (United States)

Mattson, David J.; Merrill, Troy

2002-01-01

We investigated factors associated with the distribution of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in 1850 and their extirpation during 1850–1920 and 1920–1970 in the contiguous United States. We used autologistic regression to describe relations between grizzly bear range in 1850, 1920, and 1970 and potential explanatory factors specified for a comprehensive grid of cells, each 900 km2 in size. We also related persistence, 1920–1970, to range size and shape. Grizzly bear range in 1850 was positively related to occurrence in mountainous ecoregions and the ranges of oaks (Quercus spp.), piñon pines (Pinus edulis and P. monophylla), whitebark pine (P. albicaulis), and bison (Bos bison) and negatively related to occurrence in prairie and hot desert ecoregions. Relations with salmon (Oncorynchus spp.) range and human factors were complex. Persistence of grizzly bear range, 1850–1970, was positively related to occurrence in the Rocky Mountains, whitebark pine range, and local size of grizzly bear range at the beginning of each period, and negatively related to number of humans and the ranges of bison, salmon, and piñon pines. We speculate that foods affected persistence primarily by influencing the frequency of contact between humans and bears. With respect to current conservation, grizzly bears survived from 1920 to 1970 most often where ranges at the beginning of this period were either larger than 20,000 km2 or larger than 7,000 km2 but with a ratio of perimeter to area of grizzly bear range would be as extensive as it is now. Although grizzly bear range in the Yellowstone region is currently the most robust of any to potential future increases in human lethality, bears in this region are threatened by the loss of whitebark pine.

Atmospheric deposits in France from 1850 until 1990

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ulrich, E.; Williot, B.; Landmann, G.

1993-01-01

This report deals with a bibliographic review of deposition and precipitation quality measurements in France between 1850 and 1990, in forests and in rural, industrialized and urban areas. The data are discussed and presented as precisely as possible. Critical views on the reliability of sampling methods and analysis procedures are also included. (TEC). 33 figs., 23 tabs

Patrones de asentamiento poblacional en Piura (1532-1850

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1996-01-01

Full Text Available MODÈLES D'ETABLISSEMENTS HUMAINS À PIURA (1532-1850. Cet article étudie la forme et l'évolution des modèles de peuplement dans l'extrême nord du Pérou. Ce processus débute en 1532 et perdure jusqu'au milieu du 19° siècle. Ces modèles relèvent d'un double mouvement : regroupement et dispersion. El presente artículo, trata de la formación y evolución de los patrones de asentamiento en el extremo norte del Perú proceso que se enmarca a partir de 1532 hasta la primera mitad de la centuria decimonona. Estos sistemas poblacionales se visualizan bajo la formas de Nucleación y Dispersión. SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN PIURA (1532-1850. This article deals with the formation and evolution of the settlement patterns in the northern extreme of Peru, from the XV to the XIX century. These populational systems are considered within the framework of Nucleation and Dispersion. The chronology and typology of the residential cores that make up these patterns are analyzed in the same manner.

The glucagon-like peptide-1 metabolite GLP-1-(9-36) amide reduces postprandial glycemia independently of gastric emptying and insulin secretion in humans

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Meier, Juris J; Gethmann, Arnica; Nauck, Michael A

2006-01-01

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) lowers glycemia by modulating gastric emptying and endocrine pancreatic secretion. Rapidly after its secretion, GLP-1-(7-36) amide is degraded to the metabolite GLP-1-(9-36) amide. The effects of GLP-1-(9-36) amide in humans are less well characterized. Fourteen...... healthy volunteers were studied with intravenous infusion of GLP-1-(7-36) amide, GLP-1-(9-36) amide, or placebo over 390 min. After 30 min, a solid test meal was served, and gastric emptying was assessed. Blood was drawn for GLP-1 (total and intact), glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon measurements....... Administration of GLP-1-(7-36) amide and GLP-1-(9-36) amide significantly raised total GLP-1 plasma levels. Plasma concentrations of intact GLP-1 increased to 21 +/- 5 pmol/l during the infusion of GLP-1-(7-36) amide but remained unchanged during GLP-1-(9-36) amide infusion [5 +/- 3 pmol/l; P

Het mijnwezen in Nederlands-Oost-Indië 1850-1950

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ruiter, P.A.C. de

2016-01-01

The Mining Department (Het Mijnwezen) in the Netherlands-East-Indies was set up in 1850. Its task was to assist the operations in the Tin Mines in Bangka and to find other mineable deposits of useful minerals. The primary purpose was to earn quickly lots of money for the Netherlands, which were very

The Context of the Crystallization of the Bucharest School of Sociology in 1936

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ZOLTÁN ROSTÁS

2016-11-01

Full Text Available In this article the author examines Dimitrie Gusti’s actions and publications from 1936, which was the top year for the group conducted by the professor. After a short introduction synthetizing the courses of action developed in the preceding years, the author describes the process through which seminaries, debates, fieldwork endeavours came together gradually and formed the Bucharest School of Sociology. This group, also known as the Monographic School or Gusti School bared all the characteristics of a modern scientific school. In this context the analysis focuses on the establishment, also in 1936, of the Village Museum in Bucharest, as a composing part of the School. The article also makes a short synthesis of the furter evolution of the School

Den 11. olympiade - Berlin 1936. De danske avisers syn på sport og politik i 1930erne

OpenAIRE

Jensen, Rasmus Camillo

2016-01-01

This masters-thesis will examine how the six big Danish newspapers Arbejderbladet, Berlingske Tidende, Fyns Tidende, Jyllands-Posten, Politiken and Social-Demokraten wrote about the 1936 Olympics. The 1936 Olympics was held in Berlin, Germany, in a time where the Nazis, with Adolf Hitler as its leader, had the power. The purpose of this masters-thesis is to examine whether the six chosen newspapers referred to Nazis legislation in their coverage of the Olympics, because this legislation had i...

Velbloud uchem jehly 1926 a 1936 (filmové adaptace divadelní hry Františka Langera)

OpenAIRE

Čížkovská, Jana

2011-01-01

This Bachelor thesis focuses on two film adaptations of the play Camel through the eye of a needle by František Langer in Czech cinematography until 1936. These namely are the silent version directed by Karel Lamač, produced in 1926, and the sound version directed by Hugo Haas and Otakar Vávra in 1936. The first part of this work generally describes the original theatre play, its history, structure and developement of the main text. It shows, how successful this play was on Czech, European an...

EL PROYECTO DE LA OLIMPIADA POPULAR DE BARCELONA (1936, ENTRE COMUNISMO INTERNACIONAL Y REPUBLICANISMO REGIONAL

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André Gounot

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Los archivos del KOMINTERN en el Centro Ruso de Conservación y Estudio de los Documentos sobre la Historia Contemporánea (CRCRHC de Moscú, recientemente abiertos para el estudio científico, nos ofrecen fuentes documentales fundamentales para entender el desarrollo de la Internacional Deportiva Roja (IDR como una de las organizaciones auxiliares del citado KOMINTERN. Las referidas fuentes documentales han aportado nuevas informaciones y datos sobre la creación en España en 1931, con el establecimiento de la 2ª República, de la Federación Cultural y Deportiva Obrera (FCDO, organización que en 1934 se adhiere a la Internacional Deportiva Roja (IDR, siendo el embrión del nacimiento del Comité Catalán pro Deporte Popular que presentaría el proyecto de la Olimpiada Popular de Barcelona de 1936 como alternativa a la Olimpiada de Berlín de 1936 de Hitler. Por otra parte la Internacional Deportiva Roja (IDR creó a finales de 1935 el Comité Internacional para la defensa de la Idea Olímpica, cuyo objetivo era coordinar los movimientos de oposición a los Juegos de Berlín. También la propia Federación Cultural y Deportiva Obrera (FDCO fundó en 1936 el Comité Español de Defensa del Espíritu Olímpico con este mismo fin. La Olimpiada Popular de Barcelona de 1936 permitió entre otras cosas expresar la nueva alianza entre Comunismo y Olimpismo, construida con discursos contradictorios apoyándose en el universalismo, la paz y la igualdad de razas.

Global sulfur emissions from 1850 to 2000.

Science.gov (United States)

Stern, David I

2005-01-01

The ASL database provides continuous time-series of sulfur emissions for most countries in the World from 1850 to 1990, but academic and official estimates for the 1990s either do not cover all years or countries. This paper develops continuous time series of sulfur emissions by country for the period 1850-2000 with a particular focus on developments in the 1990s. Global estimates for 1996-2000 are the first that are based on actual observed data. Raw estimates are obtained in two ways. For countries and years with existing published data I compile and integrate that data. Previously published data covers the majority of emissions and almost all countries have published emissions for at least 1995. For the remaining countries and for missing years for countries with some published data, I interpolate or extrapolate estimates using either an econometric emissions frontier model, an environmental Kuznets curve model, or a simple extrapolation, depending on the availability of data. Finally, I discuss the main movements in global and regional emissions in the 1990s and earlier decades and compare the results to other studies. Global emissions peaked in 1989 and declined rapidly thereafter. The locus of emissions shifted towards East and South Asia, but even this region peaked in 1996. My estimates for the 1990s show a much more rapid decline than other global studies, reflecting the view that technological progress in reducing sulfur based pollution has been rapid and is beginning to diffuse worldwide.

Carbon Flux to the Atmosphere from Land-Use Changes: 1850 to 1990

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Houghton, R.A.

2001-02-22

The database documented in this numeric data package, a revision to a database originally published by the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) in 1995, consists of annual estimates, from 1850 through 1990, of the net flux of carbon between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere resulting from deliberate changes in land cover and land use, especially forest clearing for agriculture and the harvest of wood for wood products or energy. The data are provided on a year-by-year basis for nine regions (North America, South and Central America, Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, Tropical Africa, the Former Soviet Union, China, South and Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Developed Region) and the globe. Some data begin earlier than 1850 (e.g., for six regions, areas of different ecosystems are provided for the year 1700) or extend beyond 1990 (e.g., fuelwood harvest in South and Southeast Asia, by forest type, is provided through 1995). The global net flux during the period 1850 to 1990 was 124 Pg of carbon (1 petagram = 10{sup 15} grams). During this period, the greatest regional flux was from South and Southeast Asia (39 Pg of carbon), while the smallest regional flux was from North Africa and the Middle East (3 Pg of carbon). For the year 1990, the global total net flux was estimated to be 2.1 Pg of carbon.

49 CFR 1242.28 - Roadway machines, small tools and supplies, and snow removal (accounts XX-19-36 to XX-19-38...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... snow removal (accounts XX-19-36 to XX-19-38, inclusive). 1242.28 Section 1242.28 Transportation Other... tools and supplies, and snow removal (accounts XX-19-36 to XX-19-38, inclusive). Separate common expenses according to distribution of common expenses listed in § 1242.10, Administration—Track (account XX...

Igrzyska olimpijskie w Berlinie w roku 1936 w oczach przebywających w Niemczech Amerykanów

OpenAIRE

Sołuba, Paulina

2014-01-01

On 13th May 1931 the Weimar Republic was appointed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to host the Olympic Games 1936. Adolf Hitler, who was elected Chancellor of Germany January 30, 1933 finally responded positively to the idea of the Olympics. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of Berlin in Semitic environments appeared, especially in the U.S., the idea of a boycott of the Olympics in 1936 or move the event to another state. Do not, however, decided to take this step. The Olympic Game...

Higiene mental y peligrosidad social en España (1920-1936

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Campos Marín, Ricardo

1997-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work is to demostrate that the social danger represented by the mentally ill and need to defend society originated the mental hygiene movement in Spain from 1920 to 1936. It stresses that, in spite of attempts of psychiatrists to redefine madness from a medical perspective, there were great theoretical and practical difficulties to characterize madness scientifically; doctors had to resort to social and administrative conceptions such as social dangerousness to define mental illnesses and the medical treatment administered to the patient.

El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar que la peligrosidad social del enfermo mental y la defensa social fundamentaron el movimiento de higiene mental español entre 1920 y 1936. En este sentido, analizo cómo a pesar de los intentos de remedicalizar la locura, los psiquiatras tuvieron grandes dificultades teóricas y prácticas para definirla científicamente, teniendo que recurrir a conceptos sociales y administrativos como la peligrosidad social para definir la enfermedad mental y el tratamiento que debía seguir el enfermo.

Antiescravismo e epidemia: "O tráfico dos negros considerado como a causa da febre amarela", de Mathieu François Maxime Audouard, e o Rio de Janeiro em 1850 Antislavery and epidemic Mathieu François Maxime Audouard's "O tráfico dos negros considerado como a causa da febre amarela" and the city of Rio de Janeiro in 1850

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Kaori Kodama

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O artigo "O tráfico dos negros considerado como a causa da febre amarela", de Mathieu François Maxime Audouard (1776-1856, foi publicado em 1850 no jornal O Philantropo, periódico de propaganda contra o tráfico que circulou no Rio de Janeiro entre 1849 e 1852, e contava com diversos médicos entre seus membros. O texto, traduzido do original do médico francês e publicado no contexto da epidemia de febre amarela na cidade, oferece elementos para refletir sobre a atuação dos médicos brasileiros na questão da escravidão, no momento em que era promulgada a cessação do tráfico no país.The article "O tráfico de negros considerado como a causa da febre amarela" [The Negro slave trade considered as the cause of yellow fever] , by French physician Mathieu François Maxime Audouard (1776-1856, was published in 1850 in the newspaper O Philantropo, an organ of anti-slave trade propaganda that circulated in Rio de Janeiro from 1849 to 1852, with a number of physicians as members. Translated from the original and published during the yellow fever epidemic that hit Rio de Janeiro, the text affords an opportunity to reflect on the positions about slavery that were held by Brazilian physicians at the time the law against the slave trade was promulgated in Brazil.

Technological Innovation in Dutch Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farming, 1850-2000

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bieleman, J.

2005-01-01

This article attempts to present the broad outlines of technological change in Dutch cattle breeding and dairy farming over the last 150 years. After 1850, Dutch dairy farmers and cattle breeders profited from the rapidly increasing opportunities offered by expanding foreign markets. Herd book

Politics, Education and Pedagogy: Ruptures, Continuities and Discontinuities (Spain 1936-1939)

Science.gov (United States)

Viñao, Antonio

2015-01-01

Until around 10 years ago, the conventional wisdom in educational historiography held that the start of the Civil War (1936-1939), marking as it did the placing of education at the service of the war effort, involved a rupture, in both the Republican government and the "rebel" or Franco camp, with the preceding years as to the…

National prestige and economic interest : Dutch diplomacy toward Japan 1850-1863

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kogure, Minori

2008-01-01

This thesis discusses Dutch diplomacy with respect to Japan in the period 1850-1863, predominantly on the basis of Dutch primary sources that were not widely known or not published until present. The political and economical importance of the Netherlands East Indies made Asian Affairs always

Nematodos del orden Rhabditida de Andalucía Oriental. El género Eucephalobus Steiner, 1936

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Peña-Santiago, Reyes

2002-06-01

Full Text Available Abundant material belonging to the genus Eucephalobus Steiner, 1936, collected in soils mainly from natural areas of Andalucía Oriental (SE Iberian Peninsula, yielded four species that are studied in this paper: E. hooperi Marinari-Palmisano, 1967, E. mucronatus (Kozlowska et Roguska-Wasilewska, 1963 Andrássy, 1967, E. oxyuroides (De Man, 1876 Steiner, 1936 y E. striatus (Bastian, 1865 Thorne, 1937. All the species are described in detail, and both illustrations, including SEM photographs, and tables for their measurements are also provided. A brief discussion on these and other Iberian species of the genus is made, and a key to species identification is given. E. hooperi is recorded for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula.En este trabajo se estudian cuatro especies pertenecientes al género Eucephalobus Steiner, 1936 que han sido recolectadas en numerosas localidades de Andalucía Oriental, principalmente en suelos de áreas naturales. Dichas especies son: E. hooperi Marinari-Palmisano, 1967, E. mucronatus (Kozlowska et Roguska-Wasilewska, 1963 Andrássy, 1967, E. oxyuroides (De Man, 1876 Steiner, 1936 y E. striatus (Bastian, 1865 Thorne, 1937. De todas las especies se presenta una detallada descripción, la cual se acompaña de tablas con datos morfométricos, y de ilustraciones que incluyen fotografías obtenidas con el microscopio electrónico de barrido. Por último, se realiza una discusión sobre las especies ibéricas del género y se elabora una clave para su identificación. E. hooperi es una nueva cita para la fauna ibérica.

GLP-1-(9-36) amide reduces blood glucose in anesthetized pigs by a mechanism that does not involve insulin secretion

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Deacon, Carolyn F; Plamboeck, Astrid; Møller, Søren

2002-01-01

impossible to assess its true efficacy in vivo. In chloralose-anesthetized pigs given valine-pyrrolidide (to block endogenous DPP IV activity), the independent effects of GLP-1-(7-36) amide on glucose and insulin responses to intravenous glucose were assessed, and the metabolite generated by DPP IV, GLP-1......-(9-36) amide, was investigated for any ability to influence these responses. GLP-1-(7-36) amide enhanced insulin secretion (P amide was without effect, either alone or when coinfused with GLP-1-(7-36) amide. In contrast, GLP-1-(9-36) amide did affect glucose responses (P...... amide (73 +/- 19 mmol x l(-1) x min; P amide (62 +/- 13 mmol x l(-1) x min; P amide + GLP-1-(9-36) amide (50 +/-13 mmol x l(-1) x min; P

Life and work of Dr. Johannes Govertus de Man (1850-1930)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Karssen, G.

2006-01-01

This book describes the life and work of Dr. Johannes Govertus de Man (1850-1930), a remarkable Dutch invertebrate zoologist. J.G. de Man worked on the systematics of both the Crustacea, in particular on Decapoda (i.e. crabs, crayfish, lobsters and shrimps), and the microscopically Nematoda or

Antes do mito: Soldados-cidadãos da Guarda Nacional do Rio Grande do Sul (1850-1873

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Miqueias H. Mugge

Full Text Available Resumo O artigo investiga a composição das fileiras de soldados e oficiais da Guarda Nacional na província do Rio Grande do Sul, durante os anos de centralização política da administração da milícia (1850-1873. Dessa forma, busca solapar a imagem já clássica do sul do Brasil, onde, supostamente, os homens em armas seriam sobretudo peões sob as ordens de estancieiros, facilmente mobilizáveis para as lides guerreiras - configuração, aliás, que pretensamente seria a marca indelével da estrutura social da região. A partir das listas de qualificação da Guarda Nacional, o trabalho revela uma fotografia muito mais complexa da sociedade brasileira na parte meridional do país, dando especial enfoque aos homens livres, libertos e pobres que faziam parte da milícia. Sendo a Guarda a espinha dorsal do híbrido sistema militar do Império, conclui-se que foi através dessas redes e cadeias de interdependência que os assuntos de guerra eram gerenciados ali, conformando a própria natureza do Estado Imperial.

A military officer in Rif: Jesús Jiménez Ortoneda (1911-1936

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José Luis Villanova

2009-08-01

Full Text Available This paper uses original and for the most part unpublished documentation in order to examine the career of Jesús Jiménez Ortoneda, a highly successful career officer who served in the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco between 1907 and 1936. He occupied important positions in the political administration of the Protectorate (as director of the political section of Melilla’s Oficina Central de Intervenciones and a senior official in the Department of Indigenous Affairs; he was fluent in Arab and Tamazight, and gained a sound knowledge of the geography of the Rif mountains. His military career, in which he achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel, was characterized by his strictly professional attitude. He was one of the few career officers in Africa who were faithful to Spain’s republican government and who did not participate in the military uprising of 1936. This discussion of his career brings into question some well-established ideas concerning Spanish colonial policy in Morocco.

"He sees the development of children's concepts upon a background of sociology": Jean Piaget's honorary degree at Harvard University in 1936.

Science.gov (United States)

Hsueh, Yeh

2004-02-01

In the recent memory, Jean Piaget has been known as a cognitive developmental psychologist. But in 1936 when Harvard gave him his first honorary degree, he was recognized mainly as a sociologist. Why did Harvard honor him in 1936? Who knew his work well enough to nominate him? This article will address these questions by exploring archival documents from different sources. Evidence draws our attention to a broad social and intellectual endeavor in philanthropy, other social sciences, and especially industrial research that brought Piaget across the water. This article also attempts to interpret the circumstances of the nomination process inside and outside of Harvard University by using a theory of institutional design. It suggests that embodied in Harvard's honor of Piaget in 1936 was an idealistic act in social designing for a future society.

Ideology and technology : Reactions to modern technology in the Netherlands 1850-1920

NARCIS (Netherlands)

D. van Lente (Dick)

1992-01-01

textabstractThe article discusses the debate among the main ideological groups in the Netherlands about the social impact of modern technology during the first phase of industrialization, 1850-1920. It provides an explanation of the convergence of opinion towards approval of modern technology after

Cuidado formal e informal en Cataluña: Un análisis de la percepción de las mujeres mayores en relación a sus derechos y obligaciones en materia de cuidados y atención Cuidado formal e informal na Catalunha: Uma análise da percepção das mulheres idosas em relação aos direitos e obrigações nos cuidados familiares e atenção à terceira idade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sílvia Bofill

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada en Cataluña sobre el cuidado y el sistema de protección social a la dependencia en relación a la gente mayor. En particular versa sobre las expectativas que tienen las personas mayores - mujeres sobre todo - respecto a su propio cuidado, y en qué medida se observan cambios respecto a las generaciones anteriores. Contrariamente a lo que podría esperarse, un número significativo de mujeres dirigen sus demandas de atención, no tanto a la familia, cuanto a las instancias públicas. Así, encontramos un debilitamiento de la demanda en términos de responsabilidades familiares y un aumento de la demanda de servicios de atención domiciliaria, es decir, un aumento de las demandas en términos de derechos de ciudadanía.Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma investigação levada a cabo na Catalunha sobre os cuidados e o sistema de protecção social à dependência em relação aos idosos. Aborda, em particular, as expectativas das pessoas idosas - essencialmente, as mulheres - acerca da assistência que lhes é fornecida, e a medida em que estas observam mudanças relativamente às gerações anteriores. Contrariamente ao que se poderia esperar, um número significativo de mulheres dirige as suas exigências de atenção não tanto às suas famílias, mas sim às instâncias públicas. Deste modo, encontramos uma diminuição da procura em termos de responsabilidades familiares e um aumento da procura de serviços de atenção domiciliária, ou seja, um aumento de exigências em termos de direitos de cidadania.

Viabilidade da utilização de descartes de produção de uvas sem sementes para elaboração de passas

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Nelson Pires Feldberg

2008-09-01

Full Text Available A região do Vale do São Francisco destaca-se na produção de uvas de mesa, com incrementos cada vez maiores na produção de cultivares sem sementes. A fim de evitar perdas e aumentar a renda do produtor, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de tecnologias para o aproveitamento do excedente da produção de forma economicamente viável. Considerando-se a dependência do Brasil ao mercado externo em uva-passa, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade da elaboração de passas a partir das cultivares sem sementes Sultanina, Catalunha, Superior Seedless e Crimson Seedless produzidas no norte de Minas Gerais. As passas foram analisadas quanto ao teor de umidade, sólidos solúveis totais (SST, acidez total titulável (ATT, pH, açúcares redutores e diâmetros longitudinal e transversal, e os resultados, comparados com o produto chileno adquirido no comércio local. As passas das cultivares produzidas nesta região apresentaram maior tamanho e composição semelhante ao produto importado. As passas de 'Crimson Seedless' apresentaram teor significativamente maior de umidade após 20h de secagem, enquanto Catalunha e Sultanina se destacaram quanto aos teores de SST, ATT e açúcares redutores. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a produção de passas é viável tecnicamente, porém trabalhos complementares são necessários para avaliar a viabilidade econômica deste processo.

Memoria 'da longa noite de pedra': la represión franquista en Ourense (1936-1939

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Julio Prada Rodríguez

2008-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se estudia el proceso de gestación de la sublevación militar de julio de 1936 en la provincia de Ourense y la represión que le sigue. Se destaca, en primer lugar, la temprana implicación de los elementos civiles y militares en el intento de golpe de febrero de 1936, demostrando así la falsedad de las tesis que ven en aquélla una respuesta a la violencia política de la etapa de la etapa del Frente Popular. Seguidamente se analizan la toma del poder y las particularidades de las dos grandes modalidades represivas en la provincia: la represión para legal y la institucionalizada. La identidad de actores, víctimas y objetivos permite concluir la existencia de un único proceso represivo dirigido a garantizar la imposición de un nuevo orden político y social mediante la eliminación física de todo aquel que representase un peligro para su consolidación. Represión, franquismo, sublevación militar, Ourense._________________________ABSTRACT:This article deals with the gestation process of July 1936 military uprising in the Ourense and the repression which comes after it. First, it emphasizes the early implication of the civilian and military elements in the coup d''état attempt of February 1936, demonstrating the falseness of theories which interpret this implication as an answer to the political violence of the period of Frente Popular. Next, the particularities of two great repressive modalities in the province are analyzed: the so called para-legal and the institutional repression. The identification of actors, victims and aims allows the author to deduce the existence of a unique repressive process designed to guarantee the imposition of a new political and social system through the physical elimination of anybody which endangers his consolidation.

13 CFR 120.1850 - Will the Collateral be held by SBA?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... Loan Program) § 120.1850 Will the Collateral be held by SBA? Yes, SBA or its expressly authorized agent... all Collateral for SISMBD Loans in a custodial account. Certificates held as Collateral must be in... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Will the Collateral be held by SBA...

Rhode Island hurricanes and tropical storms: A fifty-six year summary 1936-1991. Technical memo

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vallee, D.R.

1993-03-01

The paper was compiled to provide a general overview of all tropical cyclone activity near Rhode Island since 1936. The year of 1936 is arbitrary, chosen mainly to include a 'not so well known' system prior to the well documented Great New England Hurricane of 1938. Thirty-one such storms have affected the state in the past 56 years, either making landfall along the coast of southern New England, or passing close enough over the offshore waters to spread tropical storm or hurricane force conditions into the area. The intensities of these systems have ranged from weak, disorganized tropical storms to full fledged major hurricanes. The one feature common to almost all of the storms was a rapid acceleration toward Rhode Island, which greatly reduced the time to prepare and evacuate

The Purge of National Teaching in Morella (1936-1945 | La depuración del magisterio nacional en Morella (1936-1945

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Marta García Monfort

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The outbreak of the Civil War, apart from spreading havoc and blood all through Spain, caused some kind of deeply rooted social breakdown generating an endless thirst for revenge. While the military structures were deploying their strategy on the battlefield, the apparatus of power of both sides was establishing mechanisms of coercion and control mainly aimed at the submission of controlled territory. In this context, the purge of National Teachers favoured an ideological selection based on terror with preventive and punitive purposes. After the military conflict, under Francoist authorities the purge continued systematically, and with a repressive orientation, until the fifties. This analysis seeks to describe the idiosyncrasies of the purging processes developed in Republican Morella (1936-1938 and further in Franco’s regime (1939-1945. | El estallido de la Guerra Civil, además de sembrar de dolor y sangre la geografía española, provocará una ruptura social de hondo raigambre que generará en la sociedad una interminable sed de venganza. Al mismo tiempo que las estructuras militares desplegaban su estrategia en el campo de batalla, los aparatos de poder de los dos bandos establecieron unos mecanismos de coacción y control encaminados en primera instancia a la sumisión del territorio dominado. En este contexto, la depuración del Magisterio Nacional propiciará una selección ideológica con unos fines preventivos y punitivos. Finalizada la contienda bélica, la purga continuará sistematizada y con un carácter represivo de la mano de las autoridades franquistas hasta la década de los cincuenta aproximadamente. Este análisis trata de describir la idiosincrasia de los procesos depuradores desarrollados en la Morella republicana (1936-1938 y, posteriormente, en la franquista (1939-1945.

Berlin 1936: The Creation of the “Myth” Jesse Owens

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Leite Werlayne Stuart Soares

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Throughout the twentieth century, the sport has gained much importance in society and sparked interest from various sectors, including the political. Adolf Hitler used the XI 1936 Summer Olympic Games to show the world the strength of Nazi Germany and its rebirth after the defeat in World War I and the impositions of the Versailles Treaty. However, many of the facts historically reported on the 1936 Olympics are contested. The most famous and mythical case of these Olympic Games, and one of the most famous in the history of sport, relates to events that occurred between the American athlete Jesse Owens and the Nazi Führer. The aim of this work is to try to show, as faithfully as possible, as some important facts occurred during this event (the contest between Owens and Long in the long jump; if Hitler snubbed Owens; etc. that helped create the “myth” around Owens; and to present reports of the global media coverage, analyzing the perpetuation of these mythical reports in current media. As methodology was conducted an ample bibliographical research: reports taken from newspapers of the time and current, books, scientific papers, master's thesis, documentaries, etc. Without claiming to prove a single fact, it is intended to provide insight to the reader to draw their own conclusions.

James V. Allaby (1936-2009)

CERN Multimedia

2009-01-01

Jim Allaby standing in front of the target calorimeter of the CHARM neutrino experiment (WA18) .It was with shock and sorrow that we heard Jim Allaby passed away on 7 April. Jim was born in Preston, England, in October 1936. After obtaining a first degree in physics at King’s College, London, he moved to Liverpool to study for his PhD at the university’s synchrocyclotron. This was his first proton-proton scattering experiment, and was also the start of a lifelong friendship with Bert Diddens, who was there as a CERN fellow. In the early 1960s Jim moved to SLAC where he worked with Dave Ritson on electron inelastic scatterings. Ritson greatly appreciated Jim’s calm and systematic approach to any kind of problem he was confronted with. Thus it was natural for Jim to visit SLAC later and for Ritson to join the DELPHI Collaboration in the 1990s. Jim came to CERN in the summer of 1965. He joined the CERN group of Giuseppe Coc...

James V. Allaby (1936-2009)

CERN Multimedia

2009-01-01

It was with shock and sorrow that we heard Jim Allaby passed away on 7 April. Jim was born in Preston, England, in October 1936. After obtaining a first degree in physics at King’s College, London, he moved to Liverpool to study for his PhD at the university’s synchrocyclotron. This was his first proton-proton scattering experiment, and was also the start of a lifelong friendship with Bert Diddens, who was there as a CERN fellow. In the early 1960s Jim moved to SLAC where he worked with Dave Ritson on electron inelastic scatterings. Ritson greatly appreciated Jim’s calm and systematic approach to any kind of problem he was confronted with. Thus it was natural for Jim to visit SLAC later and for Ritson to join the DELPHI Collaboration in the 1990s. Jim came to CERN in the summer of 1965. He joined the CERN group of Giuseppe Cocconi, Bert Diddens and Alan Wetherell, who were preparing proton-proton scattering experiments, in a s...

Industrialisation in India, 1850-1947: Three Variations in the Emergence of Indigenous Industrialists.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

G. Oonk (Gijsbert)

2004-01-01

textabstractIn this paper I describe three patterns in the emergence of Indian Entrepeneurs Indian large scale industries, 1850-1930. While doing this I focus on three variables: (1) the colonial attitude towards indigenous business, especially the transformation towards large scale

The beginnings of the reception of Ludwik Fleck’s ideas in Polish (1936-1989

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Paweł Jarnicki

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The article discusses the beginnings of the reception of Ludwik Fleck’s theory of thought styles and thought collectives in Polish, from his first polemics with Izydora Dąmbska in 1936 to the first edition of the Polish translation of Entstehung und Entwicklung

Pennsylvania Public Libraries and the Great Flood of 1936: Dark Clouds and Silver Linings

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Bernadette A. Lear

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The Great Flood of 1936 damaged thousands of buildings, ruined millions of dollars’ worth of infrastructure and personal property, and left thousands of citizens homeless in Pennsylvania. Among affected institutions were 14 public libraries that lost books and records and/or sustained structural damage during the flood. This article recounts the experiences of the four libraries with the largest claims: the Cambria Library (Johnstown, the Annie Halenbake Ross Library (Lock Haven, Milton Public Library, and the James V. Brown Library (Williamsport. Lessons learned, unexpected opportunities to reshape collections and services, and advancement of professional knowledge about conservation of water-soaked materials are discussed. In addition, the article provides details about the Pennsylvania Library Association’s successful pursuit of state rehabilitation funds for affected libraries. Although the Great Flood of 1936 was an experience that no one would wish to repeat, it represents some silver linings in terms of public library history.

Business Groups Exist in Developed Markets Also: Britain Since 1850

OpenAIRE

Jones, Geoffrey G.

2016-01-01

Diversified business groups are well-known phenomenon in emerging markets, both today and historically. This is often explained by the prevalence of institutional voids or the nature of government-business relations. It is typically assumed that such groups were much less common in developed economies, and largely disappeared during the twentieth century. This working paper contests this assumption with evidence from Britain between 1850 and the present day. During the nineteenth century merc...

26 CFR 3.0 - Statutory provisions; section 607, Merchant Marine Act, 1936, as amended.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... Marine Act, 1936, as amended. 3.0 Section 3.0 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION FUND § 3.0 Statutory provisions... by reason of paragraph (1)(B). (3) For purposes of paragraph (1), the term “agreement vessel...

John Stuart Mill, Harriet Taylor, and Women's Rights in America, 1850-1873.

Science.gov (United States)

Pugh, Evelyn L.

1978-01-01

Examines John Stuart Mill's writings on women with respect to their reception in and their application to the American scene from 1850 to the 1870s. Concludes that the implications were accepted by a significant portion of American society in the 1970s, a full century after Mill's publication. Journal availability: see SO 507 179. (Author/DB)

40 CFR 86.1850-01 - Denial, suspension or revocation of certificate of conformity.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Denial, suspension or revocation of... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND...-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks, and Complete Otto-Cycle Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.1850-01 Denial...

La batalla eclesial por Madrid (1923-1936. Los conflictos entre Eijo Garay y Federico Tedeschini

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Rodríguez Lago, José Ramón

2012-07-01

Full Text Available The relationships between the leaders of the Catholic hierarchy are determined by their own theological cosmovisions and their different pastoral strategies, but also by the ambitions of power and the expectations of promotion in the “cursus honorum”. The conflicts that took place from 1923 to 1936 between the apostolic nuncio in Spain, Federico Tedeschini, and the bishop of Madrid, Leopoldo Eijo Garay, are an excellent example of these intricate relationships.Las relaciones entre los dirigentes de la jerarquía católica se ven condicionadas por sus propias cosmovisiones teológicas y sus diferentes estrategias pastorales, pero también por las ambiciones de poder y las expectativas de promoción en el “cursus honorum”. Los conflictos suscitados de 1922 a 1936 entre el Nuncio Pontificio en España, Federico Tedeschini, y el Obispo de Madrid, Leopoldo Eijo Garay, son una excelente prueba de ello.

Biblioteca escolar das escolas reunidas Sant’anna do Paranahyba/MT (1936-1945: contribuições para o estudo de sua história.

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Rosimar Pires Alves

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Neste texto apresentam-se os resultados de pesquisa de mestrado vinculada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS, Unidade Universitária de Paranaíba, sobre o tema história das bibliotecas escolares na escola primária urbana em Paranaíba/MT. A pesquisa é oriunda dos resultados do projeto “Memória da Escola Primária em Paranaíba/MS (1946-1971”, desenvolvido no âmbito do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em História e Historiografia da Educação Brasileira (GEPHEB. No projeto verificou-se em alguns documentos escolares localizados, reunidos e selecionados sobre as Escolas Reunidas Sant‟Anna do Paranahyba – um dos primeiros núcleos de escolarização do município de Paranaíba –, a fundação e a organização de uma biblioteca escolar a partir do ano de 1936, o que levou à constituição do objeto de estudo. Com isso traçou-se como objetivo contribuir para a produção de uma história das bibliotecas escolares em Mato Grosso do Sul e no Brasil, a partir da história da primeira biblioteca escolar organizada nas Escolas Reunidas Sant‟Anna do Paranahyba, mediante localização, reunião, seleção, organização e análise de fontes documentais sobre a implantação, o acervo, as especificidades e os sujeitos envolvidos. O recorte temporal abrange o período de 1936 – início das atividades da biblioteca escolar – até 1945, quando as Escolas Reunidas Sant‟Anna do Paranahyba foram transformadas no Grupo Escolar José Garcia Leal. A pesquisa fundamentou-se na abordagem histórica, no campo da educação, na vertente da Nova História que apresenta um leque de possibilidades no que se refere à pesquisa histórica em educação, constituindo um campo produtivo de estudos. Assim, a pesquisa realizada permitiu compreender que a Biblioteca Escolar das Escolas Reunidas Sant‟Anna do Paranahyba não se mostrou aquém do movimento em prol da leitura e das bibliotecas

Reconstruction of an Input-Output Table for Germany in 1936 : Conceptual and Empirical-Statistical Problems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fremdling, Rainer; Staeglin, Reiner

2012-01-01

The objective of this contribution is to present the final results of a long-term research project which aimed at constructing an input-output table for Germany in 1936. Our research can be seen as follow-up of the activities of the German Imperial Statistical Office (Statistisches Reichsamt) which

Meritocracia e os usos da repetência na escola primária pública francesa de 1850 ao início do século 20 - Meritocracy and the uses of school failure in french public elementary school from 1850 to the early twentieth century

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Jérôme Krop, France

2015-05-01

Full Text Available O estudo dos usos da repetência no ensino primário francês no século 19 revela até que ponto esta era utilizada para facilitar a aprendizagem dos melhores alunos. Permitindo distinguir a elite escolar destinada ao êxito nos exames que certificavam os estudos primários, a seleção em cada etapa do percurso leva a relegar as crianças com dificuldades às series iniciais, onde é maior o número de alunos inscritos, junto aos jovens ingressantes. Esta situação não ocorre sem efeitos sobre as desigualdades educacionais, mesmo se estas são atenuadas pelo esforço de modernização empreendido pelos republicanos a partir dos anos 1880. Persistem, contudo, sob diferentes formas na história do sistema escolar francês.Palavras-chave: repetência escolar, França, desigualdade.MERITOCRACY AND THE USES OF SCHOOL FAILURE IN FRENCH PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL FROM 1850 TO THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURYAbstractThe study of the uses of the school failure in French primary education in the nineteenth century reveals the extent to which this was used to facilitate the learning of the best students. It differentiates school elite destined for success in exams certifying that the primary studies, the selection at each stage of the journey leads to relegate children with difficulties to the initial series, where a greater number of students enrolled among the youth entrants. This situation is not without effects on educational inequalities, even if they are attenuated by the modernization efforts undertaken by Republicans from the 1880s. It remains, however, in different forms in the history of the French school system.Key-words: school failure,France, inequality.MERITOCRACIA Y LA UTILIZACIÓN DE LA REPETICIÓN EN LA ESCUELA PRIMARIA PÚBLICA FRANCESA DE 1850 A COMIENZOS DEL SIGLO 20ResumenEl estudio de los usos de la repetición en la escuela primaria francesa en el siglo 19 muestra el grado en que ésta es utilizada para facilitar el aprendizaje de los

Da figuração à fulguração do detalhe: apropriações da imagem na crítica de gonzaga-duque a modesto brocos y gomez (1852-1936

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Heloisa Selma Fernandes Capel

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The present article discusses the importance of detail in the figuration of the Spaniard painter rooted in nineteenth-century Brazil, Modesto Brocos y Gomes (1852-1936. Inspired by the discussions of the art historian Georges Didi- Huberman and based on the critical reception of the painting Engenho de Mandioca (1982, considers opening images as a possibility of understanding European thoughts about Brazilian Afro-American population in the transition to the Republic.

[Ulrike Plath. Esten und Deutsche in den baltischen Provinzen Russlands. Fremdheitskonstruktionen, Lebenswelten, Kolonialphantasien 1750-1850] / Lea Leppik

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Leppik, Lea, 1962-

2014-01-01

Arvustus: Plath, Ulrike. Esten und Deutsche in den baltischen Provinzen Russlands. Fremdheitskonstruktionen, Lebenswelten, Kolonialphantasien 1750-1850 (Veröffentlichungen des Nordost-Institut, 11). Harrasowitz. Wiesbaden 2011.

La reforma constitucional de 1936,el Estado y las políticas sociales en Colombia

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Sandra Botero

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo aborda el proceso de construcción de las políticas sociales en el marcode la reforma constitucional de 1936 en Colombia. Se busca reconstruir el proceso sociopolítico mediante el cual múltiples y diversos actores participan en la construcció

On Attitudes toward Education: The Attitude toward Guiding Learning and the Attitude toward Learning [1936

Science.gov (United States)

Makiguchi, Tsunesaburo

2015-01-01

This "From the Archives" article was originally published in Japanese in v6 n3 Mar 1936 of the Japanese-language journal "Shinkyo" (New Teachings), a periodical publication of the Soka Kyoiku Gakkai, the Society for Value-Creating Education, established by Tsunesaburo Makiguchi in 1930. This installment of "On Attitudes…

Legislation and foreign trade in Republican Spain, 1936-1938 | Legislación y comercio exterior en la España republicana, 1936-1938

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Miguel Santacreu Soler

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The maritime district of Alicante stood at a distance from the battle fronts during the Spanish Civil War in 1936, and its seaports carried on with their commercial activity regulated by the central Republican government from the beginning of the conflict until its end. In fact, the war ended at Alicante’s seaport on 1 April 1939. This circumstance makes Alicante’s Customs an exceptional place to observe and verify the internal consequences of the foreign trade policy carried out by the central Republican government during the Civil War. In this article, by means of the historical documents from Alicante’s Customs, we analyse the Republican foreign trade legislation and its impact on exporters and importers during the war years. | El distrito marítimo de Alicante se mantuvo alejado de los frentes de batalla durante toda la Guerra Civil española de 1936 y sus puertos marítimos tuvieron una actividad mercante continuada, que estuvo regulada por el sistema administrativo del gobierno central de la República desde los inicios del conflicto hasta el final. De hecho, la guerra terminó en el puerto de Alicante el 1 de abril de 1939. Esta circunstancia convierte a la Aduana de Alicante en un espacio privilegiado para observar y verificar las consecuencias internas de la política comercial exterior del gobierno central republicano durante la guerra. En este artículo, se hace un análisis legislativo de la política comercial exterior republicana de guerra y de su repercusión sobre los exportadores e importadores a través de la documentación histórica de la Aduana Principal de Alicante.

The cardioprotective and inotropic components of the postconditioning effects of GLP-1 and GLP-1(9-36)a in an isolated rat heart

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ossum, Alvilde; van Deurs, Ulla; Engstrøm, Thomas

2009-01-01

GLP-1 and its metabolite GLP-1(9-36)a have been shown to exert cardiotropic effects, and were demonstrated to be cardioprotective agents in isolated, postischemic rat or mouse hearts. An agent's total effect on myocardial performance in a postconditioning paradigm is a sum of its myocyte-preservi......GLP-1 and its metabolite GLP-1(9-36)a have been shown to exert cardiotropic effects, and were demonstrated to be cardioprotective agents in isolated, postischemic rat or mouse hearts. An agent's total effect on myocardial performance in a postconditioning paradigm is a sum of its myocyte...... protocol, as exemplified by use of GLP-1 and GLP-1(9-36)a following a global ischemia in isolated rat hearts. Peptides were administered during the first 15min of 120min reperfusion. GLP-1 0.3nM reduced infarct size from 23.2+/-2.4% to 14.1+/-2.3% of area-at-risk (n=15, P=0.0223), an effect abolished......, rather than any true inotropic effect. In contrast, GLP-1(9-36)a did not reduce infarct size significantly, but acted as a strong negative inotrope in postischemic hearts, causing a contractility deficit (LVDP 58.8%, P=0.0004; RPP 58.2%, P=0.0007; dP/dt(max)=58.2%, P=0.0012), quantifiable by an analysis...

Bons modos à mesa: a inserção da elite aracatiense no processo civilizador capitalista através dos objetos de mesa e cozinha (1850 - 1890 = Table manners: the integration of the elite aracatiense on capitalist civilizing process through objects of table and kitchen (1850 - 1890

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bezerra, Ana Paula Gomes

2014-01-01

Full Text Available O estudo em tela analisa a inserção das elites aracatienses no chamado processo civilizador capitalista a partir da cultura material, representada nos conjuntos de chá e aparelhos de jantar de origem europeia e consumidos pelas referidas classes entre os anos de 1850 a 1890, na cidade de Aracati, situada no litorallestecearense. Consideramos que a cultura material constitui uma significativa fonte de estudo para entendermos como se deu a inserção do referido grupo no processo civilizador capitalista. O conceito de tradução é o primeiro a orientar nosso estudo. Este significa as leituras, ou releituras feitas sobre ideias, técnicas, e a produção material. O segundo conceito é o de processo civilizador capitalista significando as experiências civilizadoras e capitalistas forjadas, ao mesmo tempo e de forma complementar, pela mundialização do capitalismo. As fontes utilizadas nesta pesquisa foram: peças da coleção, termo de propriedade e catálogos do Museu Jaguaribano, na cidade de Aracati. A metodologia utilizada foi o diálogo entre as fontes buscando entender tal processo e a influência deste nos hábitos e costumes locais

Sir Charles Alfred Ballance (1856-1936) and the introduction of facial nerve crossover anastomosis in 1895

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Van de Graaf, Robert C.; Ijpma, Frank F. A.; Nicolai, Jean-Philippe A.

Sir Charles Ballance (1856-1936) was the first surgeon in history to perform a facial nerve crossover anastomosis in 1895. Although, recently, several papers on the history of facial nerve surgery have been published, little is known about this historically important operation, the theoretical

Religious conversion and the problem of commitment in Livland province, 1850s-1860s / Daniel C. Ryan

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ryan, Daniel C. 1972-

2007-01-01

Vene õigeusust taganemisest Liivimaal 1850.-1860. aastail. Preestrite raportid kõrgemalseisvatele organitele kujundasid võimude teadmised õigeusu kiriku positsioonist ja Balti provintside talurahva olukorrast vahetult enne venestusperioodi algust

7 CFR 52.1850 - Sizes of raisins with seeds-except layer or cluster.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Sizes of raisins with seeds-except layer or cluster... Raisins 1 Type III-Raisins with Seeds § 52.1850 Sizes of raisins with seeds—except layer or cluster. The sizes of Raisins with Seeds—except for Layer or Cluster Raisins with Seeds, are not incorporated in the...

Section 27 of the Insolvency Act 24 of 1936 as a violation of the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper examines section 27 of the Insolvency Act 24 of 1936 within the context of the right to equality in section 9 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution). Section 27 of the Insolvency Act protects benefits arising from an antenuptial contract and given by a man to his wife or to a child ...

Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide Emissions, 1850-2005: National and Regional Data Set by Source Category, Version 2.86

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide Emissions, 1850-2005: National and Regional Data Set by Source Category, Version 2.86 provides annual estimates of anthropogenic...

Anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions: 1850–2005

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. J. Smith

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Sulfur aerosols impact human health, ecosystems, agriculture, and global and regional climate. A new annual estimate of anthropogenic global and regional sulfur dioxide emissions has been constructed spanning the period 1850–2005 using a bottom-up mass balance method, calibrated to country-level inventory data. Global emissions peaked in the early 1970s and decreased until 2000, with an increase in recent years due to increased emissions in China, international shipping, and developing countries in general. An uncertainty analysis was conducted including both random and systemic uncertainties. The overall global uncertainty in sulfur dioxide emissions is relatively small, but regional uncertainties ranged up to 30%. The largest contributors to uncertainty at present are emissions from China and international shipping. Emissions were distributed on a 0.5° grid by sector for use in coordinated climate model experiments.

Krankzinnigenzorg in België (1850-1900: Collocatie en Dwang

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Goedele Hermans

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Mental health care in Belgium (1850–1900: compulsory admission and coercionAfter the declaration of the Lunacy law of June 18th, 1850, the Belgian government became increasingly involved in the organization of psychiatric care. Doctors were given a huge responsibility by making compulsory admission a medical procedure. The position of the so-called aliéné was ultimately the result of negotiations between the madman himself, his family, doctors and the government. To understand how coercion was inscribed in a reformatory movement that claimed a more humane and scientific approach to insanity I researched the various influences that were at play. Sources from the établissement des aliénés de Frères Alexiens de Louvain were used to study the position of the aliéné in the second half of the nineteenth century. The compulsory admission forms and the data on the use of coercive tactics shed light on the hopeful reformation and its decline caused by low cure rates and a growing overpopulation of asylums. The relation between the government and the alienists was characterized by a complex balance between freedom and control. Families and doctors also had a relationship that was complicated because of mutual distrust. The position of the aliéné grows more complicated when we look at these influences. Most of the time, the mental patient was doomed to undergo the decisions made for him by his family, his doctor or the government. However, as specialized treatment, scientific study and government policy grew, the mental patient also became someone who would no longer be ignored.

El Instituto de Secundaria Enseñanza de Cáceres. El edificio y sus mejoras (1900-1936. The Secondary School of Cáceres. The building and improvements (1990-1936.

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Cristina Redondo Castro

2016-06-01

Full Text Available (ES Los centros escolares forman parte del patrimonio histórico-educativo, además de constituir un testimonio muy importante de la historia de la educación y de la historia social y cultural. Los primeros institutos, reconocidos como Institutos Históricos, son testigos privilegiados. En el caso de Cáceres, el legado más importante es el edificio que albergó al Instituto de Segunda Enseñan-za. En este trabajo se enumeran y documentan las mejoras que en él se llevaron a cabo tanto para adaptarse a los nuevos planes de estudios y corrientes pedagógicas, como para la conservación del edificio, en las fechas comprendidas entre 1900 y 1936. (EN Schools are part of the historical and educational heritage, besides being a very important testi-mony of the history of education and of the social and cultural history. The first secondary schools, recognized as historical ones, are privileged witnesses. In the case of Cáceres, the most important legacy is the building that housed the Secondary School. This article lists and gives evidences of the improvements that were carried out both to adapt to new curricula and pedagog-ical trends and to the maintenance of the building between 1900 and 1936.

Ice volume changes (1936–1990–2007 and ground-penetrating radar studies of Ariebreen, Hornsund, Spitsbergen

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Javier Lapazaran

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Ariebreen is a small (0.37 km2-valley glacier located in southern Spitsbergen. Our ground-penetrating radar surveys of the glacier show that it is less than 30 m thick on average, with a maximum thickness of 82 m, and it appears to be entirely cold. By analysing digital terrain models of the ice surface from different dates, we determine the area and volume changes during two periods, 1936–1990 and 1990–2007. The total ice volume of the glacier has decreased by 73% during the entire period 1936–2007, which is equivalent to a mean mass balance rate of −0.61±0.17 m y−1 w.eq. The glacier thinning rate has increased markedly between the first and second periods, from −0.50±0.22 to −0.95±0.17 m y−1 w.eq.

La guerra civil española en las revistas literarias y culturales belgas y holandesas (1936-1939)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Adriaensen, B.Y.A.; Rymenants, K.; Vandenbosch, D.; Van Nuijs, L.

2010-01-01

Aan de hand van een analyse van de voornaamste culturele tijdschriften uit de jaren 1936-1939, wordt in dit artikel de impact van de Spaanse burgeroorlog op de Belgische (Franstalige en Nederlandstalige) en de Nederlandse literaire wereld onderzocht. In het eerste deel bestuderen Dagmar Vandebosch

Historical cropland expansion and abandonment in the continental U.S. during 1850 to 2016

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Z.; Lu, C.

2017-12-01

Land use and land cover changes (LCLUC) are among the most important driving forces that alter terrestrial ecosystem functions and their feedbacks to climate system, but reliable spatially explicit dataset over century long period is still lacking for fine-scale earth system modeling. In this study, by harmonizing multiple sources of inventory data and high-resolution satellite images, we reconstructed cropland density maps to depict the annual percentage and distribution pattern of cultivated land (excluding summer idle/fallow, cropland pasture) in the conterminous U.S. during 1850 to 2016. We further examined the cropland expansion and abandonment in the U.S. using the newly-developed LCLUC data. In total, national cropland expansion is 104 million hectares (Mha) from 1850 to 2016 and peaked at about 127 Mha in 1920. Forests and shrublands were the dominant land cover types that croplands were converted from during 1850-1880, which may be primarily attributed to agriculture development in Northeast region. Croplands began to expand into grasslands since 1870 and the encroached area dramatically increased, mainly due to cultivation development in the Great Plain and Midwestern area. In comparison, the abandoned cropland in the U.S. is 65 Mha (34% of the maximum crop density) during the study period. We found cropland abandonment mostly occurred in the Central and Southeast U.S., while cropland expansion centered in the Midwestern states, the Central California, and the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. National cultivated lands have shifted from the Eastern to Midwestern U.S., which contributed to the increasingly important role of Midwest in the rise of food and biofuel productions, enhanced GHGs emission, and intensive nitrogen loads into the Gulf of Mexico. Our study provides a reliable database of historical cropland distribution, which is essential for modeling assessments of LCLUC impacts, crop production estimation, and social-economic analysis.

Arbejderen mellem praksis og ideologisering 1850-2000

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Niels Jul

2013-01-01

amongst workers on the workshop floor at Denmark’s largest enterprise in the period from 1850 to 2000, the author emphasises how complex and diverse the everyday working life of industrialism actually was – and hence, also the relations between workers as well as employers and society as a whole......-being of the labour population was understood as a precondition for societal cohesion. In theoretical terms, the author draws upon the structural state-form and life-mode analysis, where the idea of a ‘wage-earner’ life-mode is understood in its reciprocal relationship to the capitalist mode of production and, hence...... regarded a self-conscious labour class as a means to balance capitalism’s negative aspects, if not simply to overcome them. Based upon this background, the author argues that the common worker has hitherto not been satisfactorily understood as a subject of cultural history. Using detailed investigations...

Changes in the Asian monsoon climate during 1700-1850 induced by preindustrial cultivation.

Science.gov (United States)

Takata, Kumiko; Saito, Kazuyuki; Yasunari, Tetsuzo

2009-06-16

Preindustrial changes in the Asian summer monsoon climate from the 1700s to the 1850s were estimated with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) using historical global land cover/use change data reconstructed for the last 300 years. Extended cultivation resulted in a decrease in monsoon rainfall over the Indian subcontinent and southeastern China and an associated weakening of the Asian summer monsoon circulation. The precipitation decrease in India was marked and was consistent with the observational changes derived from examining the Himalayan ice cores for the concurrent period. Between the 1700s and the 1850s, the anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gases and aerosols were still minor; also, no long-term trends in natural climate variations, such as those caused by the ocean, solar activity, or volcanoes, were reported. Thus, we propose that the land cover/use change was the major source of disturbances to the climate during that period. This report will set forward quantitative examination of the actual impacts of land cover/use changes on Asian monsoons, relative to the impact of greenhouse gases and aerosols, viewed in the context of global warming on the interannual, decadal, and centennial time scales.

Olympics in Berlin in 1936 thougth the eyes of czech and german newspapers

OpenAIRE

Nevšímalová, Aneta

2013-01-01

The bachelor thesis aims to introduce the reader to the difference between Czech and German journalism and the manner of informing about sport events during the eleventh Olympic Games in Berlin in 1936. These Olympic Games were the first games in their modern history used for the purposes of propaganda. The thesis compares three significant Czech periodicals (Lidové noviny, České slovo and Venkov), with the German ones - Fehrbelliner Zeitung, Schwedter Tageblatt, Prager Tagblatt, and Deutsch-...

La construction progressive de l'avantage compétitif financier suisse (1914-1936)

OpenAIRE

Alain Laurent; Guillaume Vallet

2014-01-01

This article aims at explaining how Switzerland succeeded in building a major competitive advantage in the financial sector. From a historical perspective, we show that the period 1914-1936 was decisive in Swiss monetary history, Switzerland moving from a status of minor international financial centre to a major place, with the development of very powerful actors like banks. Hence we highlight that if the banking and financial industry played an important role in this process, such a competit...

Tracing the History of Technical Communication from 1850-2000: Plus a Series of Survey Studies.

Science.gov (United States)

McDowell, Earl E.

This research focuses on the history of technical communication since 1850, with a specific focus on the technological changes that occurred between 1900 and 1950. This paper also discusses the development of professional technical communication organizations and the development of technical communication programs at the bachelor, masters, and…

The Medical Prenuptial Certificate in Antioquia (Colombia, 1933-1936

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Natalia María Gutiérrez Urquijo

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Through the requirement of a medical certificate between 1933 and 1936, health authorities in the Colombian Antioquia department sought to regulate the physical and moral conditions of men and women who wanted to marry. The aim of this bureaucratic procedure was to prevent the birth of individuals who may become a burden to the State, and to promote the health and general welfare. Based on reports from physician and municipal health inspectors of the time, this article discusses the way in which this measure was unveiled to the population. It also highlights some of the challenges to enforce it due the disinterest of the Catholic Church, the low presence of physician in areas away from the municipalities, and the lack of infrastructure to carry out the required tests.

Polymorphism 1936A > G in the AKAP10 gene (encoding A-kinase-anchoring protein 10) is associated with higher cholesterol cord blood concentration in Polish full-term newsborns.

Science.gov (United States)

Łoniewska, Beata; Kaczmarczyk, Mariusz; Clark, Jeremy Simon; Kordek, Agnieszka; Ciechanowicz, Andrzej

2013-03-01

A-Kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) coordinate the specificity of protein kinase A signaling by localizing the kinase to subcellular sites. The 1936G (V646) AKAP10 allele has been associated with adults with low cholinergic/vagus nerve sensitivity and with newborns with increased blood pressure. Decreased activity of the parasympathetic system is associated with risk of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to answer the question of whether 1936A > G AKAP10 polymorphism is associated with metabolic changes in full-term newborns that are predictive factors for the metabolic phenotype in adulthood. The study included 114 consecutive healthy Polish newborns born after the end of the 37 th week of gestation to healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies. At birth, cord blood of neonates was obtained for isolation of genomic DNA and cholesterol as well as triglyceride concentration. The cholesterol level in homozygotes GG was significantly higher than that in 1936A variant carriers (AG + AA, recessive mode of inheritance). Our results demonstrate a possible association between the 1936G AKAP10 variant and the total cholesterol level in the cord blood of the Polish newborn population.

Walter bustamante tejada, los invisibles en antioquia, 1886-1936: una arqueología de los discursos sobre la homosexualidad.

OpenAIRE

Bedoya Molina, Juan Pablo

2011-01-01

Los invisibles en Antioquia, 1886-1936: Una arqueología de los discursos sobre la homosexualidad del historiador Walter Alonso Bustamante Tejada, se presenta como un texto pionero para el estudio de la historia de la homosexualidad en Antioquia.

The Law of Diminishing Elasticity of Demand in Harrod’s Trade Cycle (1936)

OpenAIRE

Michaël Assous; Olivier Bruno; Muriel Dal-Pont Legrand

2015-01-01

In The Trade Cycle, Roy Harrod [1936a] propounded the Law of Diminishing Elasticity of Demand. The present paper tries to clarify the precise role Harrod assigned to this law in order to understand his trade cycle theory. We discuss the micro and macro foundations of the Law of Diminishing Elasticity of Demand and how, according to Harrod, it explains one of the main mechanisms that stabilize the economy during the trade cycle. In addition, we show how the Law of Diminishing Elasticity of Dem...

Políticas anticlericales y sistemas de representación en el Frente Popular, 1936. El caso de la comarca andaluza de Antequera

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Miguel Ángel Melero Vargas

2015-03-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo aborda uno de los aspectos más interesantes y tratados, aun-que nunca para el caso de Antequera, a la hora del estudio de uno de los aspectos más señeros desarrollados en la II República, así como fundamentalmente, y recrudecido, a partir de la victoria del Frente Popular en febrero de 1936, como sobre todo, y con una impregnación de violencia inusitada, tras el estallido de la sublevación militar de julio de 1936. Fundamental-mente la sustitución de la enseñanza religiosa, pero también otros aspectos como la secularización y uso social de los edificios de la Iglesia, serán líneas sobre las que discurra este trabajo.      Palabras clave: Anticlericalismo, Antequera, Frente Popular, enseñanza religiosa, religiosidad.  ___________________ Abstract: The present article approaches one of the most interesting and treated aspects, though never for the case of Antequera, at the moment of the study of one of the most solitary aspects developed in the Second Republic, as well as fundamentally, and worsened, from the victory of the "Frente Popular” in February, 1936, since especially, and with an impregnation of unusual violence, after the snap of the military revolt of July, 1936. Fundamentally the substitution of the religious education, but also other aspects like the secularization and social use of the buildings of the Church, will be lines on which it thinks up this work.      Keywords: Anticlericalism, Antequera, “Frente Popular”, religious education, religiousness. 

The statistical mind in modern society. The Netherlands 1850-1940. Volume II: statistics and scientific work

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Stamhuis, I.H.; Klep, P.M.M.; Maarseveen, J.G.S.J. van

2008-01-01

In the period 1850-1940 statistics developed as a new combination of theory and practice. A wide range of phenomena were looked at in a novel way and this statistical mindset had a pervasive influence in contemporary society. This development of statistics is closely interlinked with the process of

Colonial Agro-Industrialism : Science, Industry and the State in the Dutch Golden Alkaloid Age, 1850-1950

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Roersch van der Hoogte, A.

2015-01-01

This thesis is about what I call the Dutch Golden Alkaloid Age between roughly the 1850s and 1950s. I follow the historical trajectory of the production and distribution of the anti-febrifuge cinchona bark tree (Cinchona officinalis Lin.) and its most powerful and therapeutically applied alkaloid in

Exiliados judíos del Tercer Reich en el cine español: 1933-1936 / Jews in Exile from the 3rd Reich in the Spanish Cinema: 1933-1936

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Fernando González García

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Este artículo pretende dar cuenta por extenso de la participación de judíos exiliados del Tercer Reich en el cine español entre 1933 y 1936, años en los que florece la industria cinematográfica española tras la crisis del sonoro. Se analizan aquí las estrategias de las empresas que estos exiliados forman o gestionan, y el papel de los técnicos y artistas en el conjunto de la cinematografía española, ofreciendo un listado pormenorizado de nombres y actividades, y su destino tras el inicio de la Guerra Civil en España.Palabras clave: capitales, empresarios, gestores, técnicos, artistas, productoras, películas, Tercer Reich, cine español, años treinta.AbstractThe aim of this paper is to fully inform the participation in the Spanish cinema between 1933and 1936 of Jews in exile from the Third Reich. It is in these years that the Spanish film industry flourishes after the ‘Sound Crisis’. Not only the strategies of the production companies that these exiled Jews created or managed will be analysed, but also the role of technicians and artists that participated in every aspect of the Spanish cinematography. Additionally, a detailed list of names and activities will be provided, with indication of their destiny after the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.Keywords: capital, businessmen, managers, technicians, artists, production companies, movies, Third Reich, Spanish cinema, Thirties.

Political Discourses, Territorial Configuration and Taxation : : Conflicts in Antioquia and Cauca, Colombia (1850-1899)

OpenAIRE

Kerguelén Méndez, Ricardo José

2014-01-01

This dissertation analyzes Colombia's conflictive nineteenth-century state-building process, focusing in the subnational territories of Antioquia and Cauca. It studies the interconnected processes of territorial reconfiguration and decentralization (and recentralization) of state-authority from 1850 to 1899. Throughout these decades, the conflictive relations between the central government and the political elites in the nine subnational territories, and among them, set the stage for uncompro...

El movimiento libertario español en vísperas de la sublevación fascio-militar de julio de 1936

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Graham Kelsey

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo dibuja la presencia del anarcosindicalismo, de la CNT, durante la Segunda República hasta los momentos previos del golpe de estado del verano de 1936. Se estudia la peculiaridad española, en el contexto europeo, de la existencia de un movimiento de masas articulado en un sindicato que hundía sus raíces directamente de los movimientos obreros del siglo XIX; las corrientes que lo conformaban, con sus deferentes proyectos finalistas, y su trayectoria desde su creación. Es especial el trabajo se detiene en la primavera de 1936. Cuando el anarcosindicalismo se había rehecho y, junto a la UGT, sus millones de afiliados parecían representar un muro infranqueable para cualquier intentona fascista.  Se estudian las cuestiones puntuales presentes: la cuestión de la Alianza revolucionaria, las transformaciones en las posiciones de importantes militantes, la reunificación de las escisiones de los años precedentes y el propio proyecto sindicalista. Finalmente, se analizan las transformaciones que el desarrollo del conflicto originó en el seno de la CNT y los problemas con los que tuvo que enfrentarse y resolver. Palabras clave: CNT, UGT, Guerra Civil, anarcosindicalismo__________________________ABSTRACT:This work draws the presence of anarcho-syndicalism, of CNT, during the II Republic until the coup d´état of the summer of 1936. It studies the Spanish peculiarity, in the European context, about the presence of a mass movement engaged in a labor union who arrives from the worker´s movement of the XIX siècle. Specially, the work is concentrated in the spring of 1936, when the anarchosyndicalism and other labor union like the UGT  represented, with their millions of members, an stop for the fascism movement. The job too studies other questions like the revolutionary alliance, the syndicalism project and the evolution of their principles. Finally, it analyzes the changes in the CNT engaged to the internal conflicts.Keywords: CNT

Direct effects of exendin-(9,39) and GLP-1-(9,36)amide on insulin action, β-cell function, and glucose metabolism in nondiabetic subjects.

Science.gov (United States)

Sathananthan, Matheni; Farrugia, Luca P; Miles, John M; Piccinini, Francesca; Dalla Man, Chiara; Zinsmeister, Alan R; Cobelli, Claudio; Rizza, Robert A; Vella, Adrian

2013-08-01

Exendin-(9,39) is a competitive antagonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) at its receptor. However, it is unclear if it has direct and unique effects of its own. We tested the hypothesis that exendin-(9,39) and GLP-1-(9,36)amide have direct effects on hormone secretion and β-cell function as well as glucose metabolism in healthy subjects. Glucose containing [3-(3)H]glucose was infused to mimic the systemic appearance of glucose after a meal. Saline, GLP-1-(9,36)amide, or exendin-(9,39) at 30 pmol/kg/min (Ex 30) or 300 pmol/kg/min (Ex 300) were infused in random order on separate days. Integrated glucose concentrations were slightly but significantly increased by exendin-(9,39) (365 ± 43 vs. 383 ± 35 vs. 492 ± 49 vs. 337 ± 50 mmol per 6 h, saline, Ex 30, Ex 300, and GLP-1-[9,36]amide, respectively; P = 0.05). Insulin secretion did not differ among groups. However, insulin action was lowered by exendin-(9,39) (25 ± 4 vs. 20 ± 4 vs. 18 ± 3 vs. 21 ± 4 10(-4) dL/kg[min per μU/mL]; P = 0.02), resulting in a lower disposition index (DI) during exendin-(9,39) infusion (1,118 ± 118 vs. 816 ± 83 vs. 725 ± 127 vs. 955 ± 166 10(-14) dL/kg/min(2) per pmol/L; P = 0.003). Endogenous glucose production and glucose disappearance did not differ significantly among groups. We conclude that exendin-(9,39), but not GLP-1-(9,36)amide, decreases insulin action and DI in healthy humans.

Protective effects of GLP-1 analogues exendin-4 and GLP-1(9-36) amide against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat heart

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sonne, David P; Engstrøm, Thomas; Treiman, Marek

2007-01-01

to exert cardiovascular effects in a number of experimental models. Here we tested exendin-4 (Exe-4), a peptide agonist at GLP-1 receptors, and GLP-1(9-36) amide, the primary endogenous metabolite of GLP-1 (both in the concentration range 0.03-3.0 nM), for their protective effects against ischemia......-reperfusion injury (IRI) in an isolated rat heart preparation. When administered, the agents were only present for the first 15 min of a 120 min reperfusion period (postconditioning protocol). Exe-4, but not GLP-1(9-36) amide, showed a strong infarct-limiting action (from 33.2% +/-2.7% to 14.5% +/-2.......2% of the ischemic area, pamide were able to augment left ventricular performance (left ventricular developed pressure and rate-pressure product) during...

The Greatest Metaphor Ever Mixed: Gold in the British Bible, 1750-1850.

Science.gov (United States)

Alborn, Timothy

2017-01-01

Given the frequency of negative references to gold in British allusions to filthy lucre, it emerges as an historical puzzle that Britons resorted to biblical metaphors of gold so often in describing heaven and their aspiration to be purified in God's crucible. This article provides evidence for the prominence of these two metaphors in British religious and secular discourse between 1750 and 1850, and argues that Britons tried to resolve the resulting tensions by celebrating their uniquely abstract valuation of gold, in contrast to less "civilized" connotations of gold in Catholic and non-Christian cultures.

Self-Help v State Intervention: The 1850 Public Libraries Act as a Reflection of Mid-Victorian Doctrine.

Science.gov (United States)

Charing, Sarah

1995-01-01

Discusses the passage in the United Kingdom of the Public Libraries Act of 1850 and its reflections of social and political attitudes prevalent at the time, particularly laissez-faire and utilitarianism. Individualism, national education, and middle class concern for the poor are discussed. (60 references) (LRW)

Efeitos do consumo de amendoim com diferentes teores de ácido graxo oléico na permeabilidade intestinal e endotoxemia em homens com excesso de peso

OpenAIRE

Moreira, Ana Paula Boroni

2013-01-01

O consumo de amendoim tem sido relacionado a inúmeros benefícios à saúde. A frequência de consumo de amendoim tem se associado inversamente ao índice de massa corporal (IMC) e risco de obesidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do consumo de uma dieta hipocalórica contendo ou não amendoim na permeabilidade intestinal e na concentração de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) plasmático. Homens com excesso de peso (IMC entre 26-35 kg/m2) e idade entre 18-50 anos foram aleatoriamente alocados...

The historical development of modern virus research in Germany, especially in the Kaiser-Wilhelm-/Max-Planck-Society, 1936--1954.

Science.gov (United States)

Butenandt, A

1977-01-01

This is lecture on the historical development of modern virus research in Germany to introduce a symposium dedicated to Prof. Werner Schäfer, Tübingen, on the occasion of his 65th birthday. The author was set the task of relating from his memories the beginning of modern virus research in Germany. This research has, since 1936, essentially taken place in the Kaiser-Wilhelm/Max-Planck-Society and in 1954 led to the founding of the Max-Planck-Institute for Virus Research in Tübingen, an institute which to the present day owes its scientific reputation in considerable part to the activity of Werner Schäfer. Since the author personally experienced and participated in the Institute's development from 1936-1954, his remarks are predominantly influenced by personal recollections, which have been sharpended by a renewed study of old records in the 'Library and Archive of the History of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft', Berlin-Dahlem.

Russian geomagnetic recordings in 1850–1862 compared to modern observations

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Viljanen Ari

2014-01-01

Full Text Available We analyse geomagnetic recordings at four subauroral and midlatitude Russian observatories in 1850–1862. The data consist of spot readings made once in hour of the north and east components of the magnetic field. We use the hourly change of the horizontal field vector as the measure of activity. We compare these values to data from modern observatories at corresponding magnetic latitudes (Nurmijärvi, Finland, magnetic latitude ~57 N; Tartu, Estonia, ~54.5 N; Dourbes, Belgium, ~46 N by reducing their data to the 1-h format. The largest variations at the Russian observatories occurred during the Carrington storm in September 1859 and they reached about 1000 nT/h, which was the instrumental off-scale limit. When the time stamp for the spot readings happens to be optimal, the top variation in the Nurmijärvi data is about 3700 nT/h (July 1982, and at Tartu the maximum is about 1600 nT/h (November 2004. At a midlatitude site Nertchinsk in Russia (magnetic latitude ~45 N, the variation during the Carrington storm was at the off-scale limit, and exceeded the value observed at Dourbes during the Halloween storm in October 2003. At Nertchinsk, the Carrington event was at least four times larger than any other storm in 1850–1862. Despite the limitations of the old recordings and in using only hourly spot readings, the Carrington storm was definitely a very large event at midlatitudes. At higher latitudes, it remains somewhat unclear whether it exceeds the largest modern storms, especially the one in July 1982.

Plantar, pastorar e fiar na Vila Formosa de Alfenas, MG: décadas de 1850-1890

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Marcos Lobato Martins

2013-06-01

Full Text Available A região do Sul de Minas, hoje conhecida como a principal área cafeeira do país, era, no decurso do século XIX, zona destacada de agricultura de abastecimento. A criação de gado e a produção de mantimentos eram as principais atividades econômicas regionais. A cafeicultura, introduzida em meados do século XIX, promoveu gradual modificação do cenário regional. Porém, esta transição para a agricultura de exportação, que ocorreu na virada para o século XX, ainda é pouco conhecida, especialmente no que se refere às alterações nos sistemas agrários e na composição das fortunas dos proprietários. A análise desse processo no antigo município de Alfenas é o objetivo deste artigo. As fontes utilizadas são inventários e documentos cartorários.

Hope for healing: the mobilization of interest in three types of religious healing in the Netherlands since 1850

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vellenga, S.J.

2008-01-01

The author examines the development of the popularity of religious healing in the Netherlands since 1850 and the factors that contribute to its continuation. He focuses upon three traditions: devotional healing in Roman Catholicism, charismatic healing in Pentecostalism and paranormal healing in

La Organización Internacional del Trabajo y el problema social indígena: La encuesta en Perú de 1936.

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Juan Carlos Yáñez Andrade

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Este artículo aborda la encuesta realizada en Perú en 1936 por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo con el fin de conocer el problema social indígena. A partir de las resoluciones de la Conferencia Interamericana del Trabajo de 1936 y el informe elaborado por Moisés Poblete Troncoso se muestra la importancia que tienen los nuevos problemas sociales en las instancias de cooperación técnica del periodo. La encuesta de Moisés Poblete no solo ayudará a conocer mejor la realidad indígena peruana, sino que también servirá de insumo para las acciones futuras de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo en la materia, proceso que finalizará, en una primera etapa, con la convención 107 de 1952.

Free Women's Contributions to Working-Class Women's Sexual Education during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and Beyond

Science.gov (United States)

Giner, Elisenda; Ruiz, Laura; Serrano, Mª Ángeles; Valls, Rosa

2016-01-01

Background/Context: Women's sexuality, and the ways they experience it, has been a major topic in feminist theories and movements throughout history. For the more than 20,000 working-class women who participated in the Free Women movement in Spain (the libertarian women's movement, which started in 1936), women's sexuality was also a key topic in…

Precios y crisis en una economía rioplatense. Santa Fe (1790-1850

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Carina Frid

2017-05-01

Full Text Available This study examines price evolution in Santa Fe district (Rio de la Plata since the late years of colonial domination (when Santa Fe’s prices converged with regional prices to mid-nineteenth century. Monastic sources provided information of prices of commodities (cattle, hides, wheat as well as prices of consumption goods (sugar, tobacco, yerba mate, wine, aguardiente, salt, grease, tallow, canvas. Long-term prices and price indexes offer new evidence both of inflationary cycles as well as economic breakdown from 1815 to 1850.

Was it Uruguay or coffee? The causes of the beef jerky industry’s decline in southern Brazil (1850 – 1889

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Thales Augusto Zamberlan Pereira

2016-08-01

Full Text Available O que causou o declínio da produção de charque no Brasil? Sendo o principal alimento dos escravos, o charque era a indústria mais importante do sul do Brasil. No entanto, em 1850, produtores estavam preocupados porque não conseguiam competir com a indústria uruguaia. Interpretações tradicionais atribuem o declínio a diferenças em produtividade entre os mercados de trabalho; pois enquanto o Brasil utilizava trabalho escravo, o Uruguai havia abolido a escravidão em 1842. Pesquisas recentes também levantam a possibilidade de uma “doença holandesa” no Brasil, decorrente do forte crescimento nas exportações de café. Ambas hipóteses são testadas e argumenta-se que o declínio da produção brasileira foi associado a mudanças estruturais na demanda por carne de baixa qualidade. Políticas de proteção comercial criaram desincentivos para os produtores brasileiros aumentarem a produtividade e diversificar a indústria de carne.

Nematodes parásitos de Chaunus granulosus major (Müller & Hellmich, 1936 (Anura: Bufonidae en Corrientes, Argentina

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González, Cynthia Elizabeth

2006-08-01

Full Text Available En nuestro país, estudios previos referidos a la nematofauna de Chaunus granulosus major (Müller y Hellmich, 1936 han sido realizados en la provincia de Corrientes por Mordeglia y Digiani (1998 quienes han reportado la especie Cosmocerca parva Travassos, 1925. Con el presente estudio se incorporan tres nuevos registros de nematodes a la fauna parasitaria de Ch. g. major de la Argentina.

The meaning of fear. Emotional standards for children in the Netherlands, 1850-1950 : Was there a western transformation?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bakker, Nelleke

2000-01-01

This essay considers the changes in standards for children's fear and for ways of handling it in Dutch parental guidance literature between 1850 and 1950. Steams and Haggerty's hypothesis about a Western transformation of fear from an avoidable and relatively unimportant emotion to fear as a normal

Unacceptable but Indispensable: Opium Law and Regulations in Guangdong, 1912–1936

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Xavier Paulès

2013-06-01

Full Text Available During most of the period from 1912 to 1936, Guangdong Province was independent from the central government. The local authorities there were facing a dilemma regarding opium, as others were elsewhere in China. On the one hand, opium was considered the symbol of China’s weakness, and its suppression was a top priority; on the other hand, opium taxes represented an indispensable source of fiscal income. Some Guangdong power holders were truly committed to a suppression agenda, especially from 1913 to 1924. During this period, with the exception of a brief interlude from 1915 to 1916, opium laws were prohibition laws. Even if these laws were not always enforced with full vigor, the drug remained illegal in Guangdong. After 1924, opium was legalized, and the authorities openly ruled an opium monopoly. They came out with increasingly comprehensive regulations, which proved successful in increasing opium revenues. Yet, as this article makes clear, there was nothing like direct government control: traditional tax-farming arrangements with local opium merchants (though under stricter supervision remained the backbone of the monopoly. The article also pays attention to the influence of the Six-Year Plan (1935–1940 launched by the Nanking government. As a credible set of suppression laws, it appealed to the Guangdong progressive elites who were hostile to opium. They urged the local autocrat Chen Jitang to take similar action. Chen made attempts to launch his own plans for suppressing opium, but they were unconvincing and nothing concrete came out of them. This article suggests that, in order to obtain a better understanding of how easily Chen Jitang was driven out of power in the summer of 1936, it is necessary to take into account the significant contribution of the Six-Year Plan in undermining his legitimacy.

Orde Wingate and the British Internal Security Strategy during the Arab Rebellion in Palestine, 1936-1939

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-08

biographies to the military historian and practitioner are the ones by Trevor Royle and Christopher Sykes because of the depth and breadth of their research...Administrative Districts were defined as Northern, Southern and Jerusalem Districts for which each was assigned a District Commissioner. The District...Documents and Portraits From the Records of the Arab Gangs in the Arab Revolt, 1936-1939 ( Jerusalem ; Magnes Press, 1981). A translated copy can be found at

Los niños de la guerra. La vida en la zona republicana (1936-1939 Les enfants de la guerre. La vie dans la zone républicaine (1936-1939

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Karine Lapeyre

2010-07-01

Full Text Available 18 de julio de 1936. Unos militares españoles se sublevaron contra el régimen republicano. Durante tres años dos Españas se enfrentaron en una guerra ideológica en la cual nadie pudo permanecer neutral, ni siquiera los niños. En la zona en manos del gobierno sufrieron los bombardeos y las privaciones de la guerra pero también los aportes de la revolución. Objeto de la protección de las autoridades fueron también utilizados como medio de propaganda. A partir del estudio de la vida cotidiana en...

Empowerment and Education. A historical study into the determinants of global educational participation of women, ca. 1850-2010

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Vleuten, L. van der

2016-01-01

The research ‘Empowerment and Education’ focuses on global inequalities in the progress of education in relation to empowerment of women in the period 1850 to 2010. My thesis starts with a number of broader reasons for differences in education (including school attendance laws, child labor laws and

High-pulse energy supercontinuum laser for high-resolution spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging of lipids in the 1650-1850 nm region.

Science.gov (United States)

Dasa, Manoj Kumar; Markos, Christos; Maria, Michael; Petersen, Christian R; Moselund, Peter M; Bang, Ole

2018-04-01

We propose a cost-effective high-pulse energy supercontinuum (SC) source based on a telecom range diode laser-based amplifier and a few meters of standard single-mode optical fiber, with a pulse energy density as high as ~25 nJ/nm in the 1650-1850 nm regime (factor >3 times higher than any SC source ever used in this wavelength range). We demonstrate how such an SC source combined with a tunable filter allows high-resolution spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging and the spectroscopy of lipids in the first overtone transition band of C-H bonds (1650-1850 nm). We show the successful discrimination of two different lipids (cholesterol and lipid in adipose tissue) and the photoacoustic cross-sectional scan of lipid-rich adipose tissue at three different locations. The proposed high-pulse energy SC laser paves a new direction towards compact, broadband and cost-effective source for spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging.

Its surreal: zinc-oxide degradation and misperceptions in Salvador Dalí’s Couple with Clouds in their Heads, 1936

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Keune, K.; Boevé-Jones, G.; Burnstock, A.; de Keijzer, M.; Krueger, J.; Learner, T.; de Tagle, A.; Heydenreich, G.

2014-01-01

The painting Couple with Clouds in their Heads by Salvador Dalí (1936) from the Museum Boijmans van Beuningen in Rotterdam was seriously disfigured by ring formations on the edges of the painting and a matt, white-looking semi-transparent material on the surface. Paint samples, taken from affected

development and creation of a professional discipline under special consideration of the Summer Olympics in 1936 in Berlin

OpenAIRE

Ristau, Jörn-Arne

2013-01-01

The present paper shows in three chapters the creation of the sport and the development of the sports medicine in Germany of the years from 1933 to 1945, lights up their value and meaning under the influence of the national-socialist dictatorship. To indicate the relation of medicine and sport in that period, the Summer Olympics of 1936 in Berlin are especially considered .

46 CFR 32.50-1 - Cargo pumps for tank vessels constructed on or after November 10, 1936-TB/ALL.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cargo pumps for tank vessels constructed on or after... TANK VESSELS SPECIAL EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY, AND HULL REQUIREMENTS Pumps, Piping, and Hose for Cargo Handling § 32.50-1 Cargo pumps for tank vessels constructed on or after November 10, 1936—TB/ALL. On all...

Water: hygienistic discourse and town council practice (Mallorca, 1855-1936

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Joana Maria Pujadas-Mora

2014-04-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is to analyze the relationship between the hygienistic discourse on water cycle and the sanitary interventions carried out by the town councils of Mallorca from 1855 to 1936. The purpose of the discourse was to make the population and the municipal authorities aware of the importance of improving the water supply. The used sources have been municipal minutes, press and scientific articles from that period. Our main conclusion is the lack of timing between the hygienistic proposals and the undertaken interventions. Nevertheless these late interventions were useful to improve the quantity and the quality of the water that the citizens were supplied. The water interventions were attempted at the same time than other sanitary actions, such as isolation measures (quarantines or town walls demolition, reforms done by the municipal or provincial authorities having a scientific consensus too.

POLÍTICA, ANTIFASCISMO Y MOVIMIENTO OBRERO. TUCUMÁN 1935 -1936

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María Ullivarri

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo principal del artículo es explicar un proceso de movilización política y de lucha antifascista en la cual los sindicatos de la provincia de Tucumán ocuparon un rol nodal. En ese sentido, las consecuencias de esa disputa que se batió en el espacio público, dieron a la dirigencia sindical tucumana una visibilidad y un protagonismo que no habían conseguido hasta entonces y le permitió reforzar los vínculos y las solidaridades con otros sectores sociales. Para ello tomaremos como núcleo del análisis los problemas desencadenados en un brevísimo período a partir del cual los enfrentamientos públicos–tanto discursivos como físicos– entre fascismo y antifascismo adquirieron una virulencia significativa en la provincia: los años de 1935 y 1936.

THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF A GLOBAL MERCHANT -BANKER IN CHILE: HUTH & CO. OF LONDON, 1820S-1850S

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MANUEL LLORCA-JAÑA

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This article deals with Huth & Co.'s activities in Chile during the 1820s-1850s. Huth was the only London merchant-banker that decided to go global before 1850, and also the only one to open a branch in Chile. The analysis of how his branches operated should take this into account, yet Huth's activities in Chile have only previously been examined using a bilateral approach to examine the economic relations between Chile and Britain. This situation was mainly due to the fact that the richest collection of primary material on Huth & Co. (the Huth papers at University College London had been ignored by scholars working on Anglo-Chilean economic relations during the first half of the nineteenth-century. The main focus of this paper is on the information that we were made unaware of due to this restricted investigative approach. Among them are the connections established between Huth's branches in Chile and the USA, Asia, continental Europe and the rest of Latin America; and the important trade in Spanish quicksilver.El presente artículo trata sobre las actividades económicas en Chile de Huth & Co. durante el período 1820-1850. Huth & Co. fue el único mercader banquero de Londres que decidió tener una empresa global antes de 1850 y el único también en abrir una oficina en Chile. Por lo tanto, las actividades de la sucursal en Chile deben ser analizadas considerando estos dos importantes hechos. Sin embargo, antes de este estudio, las actividades de Huth en el país fueron examinadas usando un enfoque estrictamente bilateral de las relaciones entre Chile y Gran Bretaña. Esta visión restrictiva se debió en gran parte al desconocimiento de los historiadores interesados en las relaciones anglo-chilenas de una importante fuente de información: los archivos de Huth disponibles en el University College London. Debido a este desconocimiento, la historiografía no ha dado cuenta de importantes hechos tratado en este artículo. Por ejemplo, de las

Odontopus brevirostris (Hustache, 1936 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae associated with new host plants belonging to Annona (Annonaceae

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Germano H. Rosado-Neto

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Odontopus brevirostris (Hustache, 1936 feeding on Annona squamosa L., A. cherimola Mill., A. glabra L., and A. muricata L. was observed. The last three host plants are recorded for the first time. The endophitic oviposition occurs in the veins of the ventral surface of the young leaves. The larvae, leaf miners, eat the parenchyma and the adults make small holes in the leaves. The pupation occurs in spherical cocoons protected by a sort of nest (pupation chamber between the two epidermal layers.

O ensino secundário militar na contramão das tendências do Império -Secondary military education in the 19th century a gainst the general trend

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Claudia Alves

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Resumo O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a trajetória de construção dos estudos preparatórios à Escola Militar, entre as décadas de 1850 e 1870, quando os esforços de preparação e qualificação de quadros, no âmbito do exército brasileiro, sã potencializados pelas exigências da profissionalização própria dos exércitos do século XIX. O reforço à formação de nível superior, consubstanciado na Lei de 1850, que regulamentava a ascensão na carreira, vinculando-a aos cursos da Escola, reflete-se na organização de estudos preparatórios que, no espaço de duas décadas, tendem a transformar-se num curso seriado de três anos. Esse movimento,quando confrontado com os dados existentes para o ensino secundário do Império, encontra-se na contramão da tendência geral, que aponta para a fragmentação e pulverização desse nível de estudos. Palavras-chave: ensino secundário; escola militar; século XIX.   SECONDARY MILITARY EDUCATION IN THE 19TH CENTURY AGAINST THE GENERAL TREND Abstract This article aims at presenting the steps involved in building preparatory studies for the Military School, between the decades of 1850 and 1870, when the efforts of staff preparation and qualification, within the Brazilian army, were enhanced by the demands of professional armies, in the nineteenth century. The strengthening of higher education, embodied in the Act of 1850, regulating the criteria for advancing in the military career, linking it to the School courses, reflects on the organization of preparatory studies that tend to become a three-year course, within the next two decades. This movement, when confronted with existing secondary education data on the Brazilian imperial period, goes against the general trend, pointing at the fragmentation and pulverization of such level of studies. Keywords: secondary school; military school; nineteenth century.   LA ENSEÑANZA SECUNDARIA MILITAR EN LACONTRAMANO DE LAS TENDENCIAS

On Kincaidiana Altman, 1936 and Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae, with the descriptions of three new species

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Steven V. Fend

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Two formerly monotypic lumbriculid genera, Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 and Kincaidiana Altman, 1936, are reviewed using morphological and molecular data, following the discovery of new northwestern, Nearctic species. Several populations of Kincaidiana hexatheca Altman, 1936 were examined, and both morphology and DNA data suggest a single, variable species in Pacific drainages extending from northern California through Washington, USA. Specimens of Kincaidiana from the Smith River drainage with a single, median atrium and differing genetically from K. hexatheca are assigned to K. smithi sp. nov. The chaetal morphology of North American Guestphalinus populations is variable, and two basic morphotypes are assigned to G. elephantinus sp. nov. and G. exilis sp. nov. This decision is supported by molecular data. The tree topology, based on the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI, and the nuclear 28S rRNA gene sequences, confirmed the close phylogenetic relationships among the Nearctic Guestphalinus, Kincaidiana and Uktena Fend, Rodriguez & Lenat, 2015. Probable synapomorphies associating these genera include a filiform, ringed proboscis, a forward shift of reproductive organs relative to the usual position in the family, and spermathecae in the atrial segment.

La corrupción en los empresarios de Santa Marta: 1800-1850

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Jorge Enrique Elias Caro

2013-11-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se pretende mostrar cómo fue la relación de los empresarios de Santa Marta hechos de corrupción y manejo de la justicia y la cosa pública en la primera mitad del siglo XIX, caracterizando quiénes fueron los empresarios con estos actos ilícitos, la forma  desarrollaban las actividades fraudulentas y qué casos fueron los que presentaron. Denotando  qué incidencia pudo tener esta coyuntura con el desarrollo social y económico de la Provincia  Santa Marta para el periodo  entre 1800 y 1850.

Fragua Social. Prensa, cultura y movilización en la CNT valenciana (1936-1939)

OpenAIRE

Alcolea Escribano, Josefa

2015-01-01

Este estudio aborda la historia del diario valenciano Fragua Social, órgano de expresión del Comité Regional de Levante y del Comité Nacional de la CNT durante la guerra civil española de 1936 a 1939. Pretende completar y renovar los conocimientos sobre la CNT valenciana desde un enfoque cultural, y determinar su relación con la organización nacional y con las otras fuerzas sindicales y políticas durante los tres años que duró la guerra. Analiza el contenido formal del diario, la evolución de...

The Gestation of Modern Gastronomy in Spain (1900-1936

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Ainhoa Aguirregoitia-Martínez

2017-11-01

Full Text Available This article discusses the gastronomic activity that took place in Spain between 1900 and 1936. It does so assuming that the modernisation process of Spain’s gastronomy transpired during these years, which is the same period recognised for when modernity emerged in other areas. This approach has been possible due to the discovery and analysis of unpublished testimonies of that time, mainly obtained from the general illustrated and specialised trade press as well as treatises written by cooks and writers of the period and the contemporary literature on the subject. These findings support the existence of factors such as the desire to have a national culinary identity, the creation of the first training centres, the emergence of professional associations and the abundant production of cookery books, treatises and culinary magazines. All these elements enable us to outline and contemplate the formation of the modern structure of gastronomic activity, but above all, they enrich part of its history and highlight the advisability of conducting research in a field that is so important for Spain; namely gastronomy.

Industria y ciudad. Crecimiento urbano de Barrancabermeja, 1926 - 1936

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Javier Eduardo Serrano Besil

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo estudia el proceso de crecimiento urbano de Barrancabermeja, Santander (Colombia entre 1926 y 1936 tras la llegada de la empresa petrolera norteamericana, Tropical Oil Company. Por tanto, el análisis está enmarcado en la relación industrialización/urbanización. Se plantea que, en este caso, la industria suscita el crecimiento del municipio. En función de la comprensión del proceso analizamos, en un primer momento, los cambios demográficos e inmobiliarios; posteriormente, se busca comprender la relación existente entre “La Troco” y la administración local para establecer la influencia de uno y otro agente en el proceso. Por último, se estudia el mercado inmobiliario municipal a través de las operaciones de compra y venta inmuebles dando especial énfasis a dos barrios en proceso de urbanización en los que la especulación en el valor de la tierra fue un factor fundamental y característico.

Teorias de Negócios Internacionais e a Entrada de Multinacionais no Brasil de 1850 a 2007IB Theory and the entry of MNs in Brazil from 1850 to 2007Teorías de los Negocios Internacionales y la entrada de multinacionales en Brasil desde 1850 hasta 2007

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AVRICHIR, Ilan

2008-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMOEste artigo analisa a aplicabilidade das principais teorias de internacionalização de empresas multinacionais no Brasil, por meio de cinco fases da economia brasileira que vão de 1850 até a atualidade, buscando determinar o poder de explicação de cada teoria diante dos fluxos de investimento direto estrangeiro (IED no país. Conclui-se que existe uma relação de contingência entre as teorias e as fases da economia, e estabelece esta relação através de uma tabela; conclui ainda que a teoria com maior capacidade explicativa no período considerado é o paradigma eclético de Dunning, em particular devido à consideração da Localização. Proposições teóricas são erguidas e têm como corolários contribuições para a pesquisa futura.ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the applicability of the main enterprise internationalization theories to the entry of the multinational corporations into Brazil, throughout five phases of Brazilian economy, from 1850 to nowadays. It seeks to verify the explanation power of each theory over the FDI flows in Brazil. It concludes that there is a contingency relation between the theories and the phases of the economy, and it shows such relationship in a table. In addition, it concludes that the most powerful theory along the researched period was Dunning’s eclectic paradigm, mainly due to the Localization considerations. Theoretical propositions are put forward as a contribution to future research.RESUMENEste artículo analiza la aplicabilidad de las principales teorías de internacionalización de empresas multinacionales en Brasil, a través de cinco ciclos de la economía brasileña, desde 1850 hasta la actualidad y, busca determinar el poder de explicación de cada teoría ante los flujos de inversión directa extranjera (IED en el país. Se concluye que existe una relación de contingencia entre las teorías y los ciclos de la economía, y esta relación se establece mediante una tabla; se

El impacto de la violencia anticlerical en la primavera de 1936 y la respuesta de las autoridades

OpenAIRE

Álvarez Tardío, Manuel; Villa García, Roberto

2013-01-01

This paper examines the scope and characteristics of anticlerical violence between February and June 1936. Different primary sources have been used to reach an accurate and complete data as possible of such violence. First, we analyze the context in which this took place. Second, we present the data resulting from quantitative and qualitative research of anticlerical violence. And third, we discuss about the response to this phenomenon of various authorities. The article provides evidence tha...

Biologists Bridging Science and the Conservation Movement : The Rise of Nature Conservation and Nature Management in the Netherlands, 1850-1950

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van der Windt, Henny J.

This paper investigates the importance and various roles of amateur naturalists and biologists in the conservation movement between 1850 and 1950, in particular in the Netherlands. It is concluded that biological sciences were important resources for Dutch nature conservation, although the extent of

The statistical mind in modern society. The Netherlands 1850-1940. Volume I: official Statistics, social progress and modern enterprise

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Maarseveen, J.G.S.J. van; Klep, P.M.M.; Stamhuis, I.H.

2008-01-01

In the period 1850-1940 statistics developed as a new combination of theory and practice. A wide range of phenomena were looked at in a novel way and this statistical mindset had a pervasive influence in contemporary society. This development of statistics is closely interlinked with the process of

Merger and Acquisition Activity as Driver of Spatial Clustering : The Spatial Evolution of the Dutch Banking Industry, 1850-1993

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boschma, Ron; Hartog, Matté

2014-01-01

This article investigates the extent to which merger and acquisition (M&A) activity contributed to the spatial clustering of the Dutch banking industry in Amsterdam. This analysis is based on a unique database of all banks in the Netherlands that existed in the period 1850-1993. We found that

La sublevación de julio de 1936: proceso militar al general Romerales

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Joaquín Gil Honduvilla

2008-12-01

Full Text Available En zona sublevada, desde finales de julio de 1936, la Justicia Militar se hizo extensiva a todo su territorio tras la aprobación por la Junta de Defensa en Burgos del Bando que declaraba el Estado de Guerra. Esa preeminencia de la justicia castrense sobre la civil, originó el protagonismo de los consejos de guerra, que también se utilizaron para juzgar a aquellos mandos del ejército que no secundaron la insurrección. Es el caso que se analiza en el presente artículo, referido al general Manuel Romerales Quintero, General Jefe de la Circunscripción Oriental en el Norte de África (Melilla. Con ese fin se estudian las normas procesales y penales utilizadas por los sublevados para formalizar este juicio, gracias a los fondos documentales del Tribunal Militar Territorial Segundo, con sede en Sevilla. Guerra civil, justicia militar, consejos de guerra.________________ABSTRACT:In zone incited to rebellion, from end of 1936 July, the Military justice became extensive to all its territory after the approval by then Meeting of Defense in Towns of the Side that declared the State military. That preeminence of military justice on the civilian, originated the protagonism of the advice military, who also were used to judge those controls of the army which they did not secundaron the insurrection. It is the case that the present analyzes in article, referred general Manuel Romerales Quintero, General Jefe of the Eastern Circumscription in North Africa (Melilla. With that aim the procedural and penal norms study used by the insurrectionists to formalize this judgment, thanks to the documentary bottoms of the Military Court Territorial Second, with seat in Seville.

46 CFR 32.50-25 - Cargo pumps and piping on tank vessels constructed prior to November 10, 1936-TB/ALL.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cargo pumps and piping on tank vessels constructed prior... SECURITY TANK VESSELS SPECIAL EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY, AND HULL REQUIREMENTS Pumps, Piping, and Hose for Cargo Handling § 32.50-25 Cargo pumps and piping on tank vessels constructed prior to November 10, 1936—TB/ALL...

A high dynamic range programmable CMOS front-end filter with a tuning range from 1850 to 2400 MHz

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Kåre Tais; Lee, Thomas H.; Bruun, Erik

2005-01-01

This paper presents a highly programmable front-end filter and amplifier intended to replace SAW filters and low noise amplifiers (LNA) in multi-mode direct conversion radio receivers. The filter has a 42 MHz bandwidth, is tunable from 1850 to 2400 MHz, achieves a 5.8 dB NF, -25 dBm in-band 1-d...

Chemical, physical, and temperature data from bottle casts in the North Atlantic Ocean from 30 October 1936 to 17 May 1938 (NODC Accession 0000328)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Chemical, physical, and temperature data were collected from the ATLANTIS 1931-9/63 from October 30, 1936 to May 17, 1938. These data were collected using bottle...

Poetics of Disintegration in Laure’s “Poems before the summer of 1936”

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Barbara Ann Brown

2011-01-01

Full Text Available This article examines issues of grammatical gender and symbol in the poetry of Colette Laure Lucienne Peignot. I have focused on the poetics of disintegration in the section entitled "Poems before the summer of 1936," in which we encounter a number of poems written in free verse that reflect different aspects of Laure's notion of the poetic sacred. The poetic sacred, for Laure, relates to the moment when the eternal part of a human being becomes actualized via the engagement of fulfilling a goal while simultaneously being aware of the "weight of death." For Laure, if a person cannot or can no longer experience this emotion, then the person's life is deprived of meaning, deprived of the sacred. Many of the poems in "Poems before the summer of 1936" recount journeys that the speaker, or statement subject "I," embarks upon. Great attention is paid to the grammatical gender of the statement subjects in these poems, although, at times, grammatical gender can be difficult to determine. Sometimes grammatical gender can be discerned in the past tense forms of verbs in the French language, and other times it can be determined by Laure's use of masculine or feminine rhymes in her work. But often, Laure conceals the gender of her statement subjects, choosing instead to focus on represent a rejection of traditional gender roles in her poetry. Ultimately, this article seeks to posit Laure among France's best known writers and thinkers in the early part of the twentieth century, to help close the huge gap in the canon left by the absence of women writers and thinkers between the years 1880-1930.

Veterinary education in South Africa : the classes of 1936 & 1937 : historical communication

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R. D. Bigalke

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Concise descriptions are given of the varied life histories of the students of the classes of 1936 and 1937. Consisting of 14 students, the class of 1936 was the largest of the pre-war classes of the Onderstepoort Faculty. Three of the 6 students in the 1937 class were actually repeating their final year, therefore the total number described below is 17 rather than 20. The detailed analysis of their careers reveals the presence of a remarkable degree of variation. Although all except Brookes, who apparently went directly into the newly established practice of Jack Boswell, initially joined the local government service, most of them became specialists in their disciplines. Four soon established very successful private practices. Five of the 6 who spent their entire careers in the South African Veterinary (Field Services, finally occupied very senior positions in that division. One of them (Kluge made a major contribution to the control of tsetse flies in this country and another (Belonje became a specialist in equine infertility. Four of the graduates opted for a research career, 3 of them also teaching at the Faculty. Of all of these, only De Boom (Anatomy & Embryology, who was a consummate teacher, took on a fulltime position as Professor and Head of the Department when the Faculty became independent from the Onderstepoort Research Institute in 1973. De Lange (Surgery & Gynaecology, however, relinquished his professorship to become a deputy director of the Institute. Sutton became a household name to the many students who passed through his hands in Animal Management. Haig (Virology became one of the most famous of the many researchers produced by Onderstepoort. Van der Walt showed much promise as a researcher but died at the age of only 45. Two more died before they were 35 years old. Two had sons who also became veterinarians while one's grandson followed in his grandfather's and father's footsteps.

The origins of the Olympic Village: Los Angeles 1932 and Berlin 1936.

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Massimo Bortolotti

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Regarding the transformations produced by the housing projects for the Olympic Games, the construction and following reuse of the Olympic Villages is an interesting studying matter. During the hundred-year-old history of the modern Olympics the realization of the Olympic Village, which finds reference in the de Coubertin’s writings, and the town planning transformations, to this correlated, have revealed in different ways. The essay mainly concerns the origins of the Olympic Village and the first settlements which characterized the Games in the thirties: Los Angeles 1932 and Berlin 1936. In these two cities, even though with different motivations, politico-economical stimulus and different images, the prototypes of the modern Olympic sport facilities, which find in the village an in the stadium the symbol of the event, were born.

Modeling the historical water cycle of the Copenhagen Area 1850-2003

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jeppesen, Jan; Christensen, Steen; Ladekarl, Ulla Lyngs

2011-01-01

The paper describes a set of modelling utilities (a root-zone model, a grid-distribution tool, and a modified Modflow-2000 model) that can be used to simulate the water cycle of a city in terms of root-zone water balance, water supply, wastewater, storm runoff, groundwater flow, streamflow......-wise calibration strategy, using different parts of the data in the various steps, to calibrate hydrogeological parameters, storm runoff parameters, and parameters governing the interactions between groundwater and leaky pipe systems, respectively. Simulations indicate that present rates of groundwater leakage...... into streams, lakes, and wetlands constitute 60% of pre-urbanization levels due to massive groundwater extraction. However, the current problems of groundwater shortages and streamflow depletion would have been far worse, if precipitation had not increased by 20% since 1850. Model simulations indicate...

Aspectos epidemiológicos dateníase-cisticercose na área endêmica de Lagamar, MG

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Mario León Silva-Vergara

1995-12-01

Full Text Available Um inquérito epidemiológico sobre teníase-cisticercose foi realizado em Lagamar- MG em 1992. Cadastradas 1109 casas com 3344 habitantes. O inquérito abrangeu 875 (86% famílias e foi respondido por um informante que, em 80% dos casos, foi o pai. Na cidade havia 100 chiqueiros em 100 (11,4% casas que albergavam 406 suínos, em condições extremamente precárias. Em 300 (34,2% casas havia o antecedente de teníase em algum membro da família. O antecedente de convulsão foi relatado por 125 (14,2% famílias. O início das convulsões na idade adulta foi caracterizado em 39 (3 7,8% famílias e o antecedente de doenças mentais foi relatado em 53 (6% casas. Os exames parasitológicos de fezes mostraram ovos de Taenia spp em 24 (1,3% das 1850 amostras examinadas.

Mainstreaming the Avant-Garde: Modernism in Life Magazine (New York, 1883–1936

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Céline Mansanti

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This paper explores the relationship between literary modernism and mainstream culture within a little-studied American magazine, Life (New York, 1884-1936. It does so by looking at three ways in which Life presented modernism to its readers: by quoting modernist writing, and, above all, by satirizing modernist art, and by offering didactic explanations of modernist art and literature. By reconsidering some of the long-established divisions between high and low culture, and between ‘little’ and ‘bigger’ magazines, this paper contributes to a better understanding of what modernism was and meant. It also suggests that the double agenda observed in Life – both satirical and didactic – might be a way of defining middlebrow magazines.

O MODELO POLÍTICO ADMINISTRATIVO DO ESTADO NOVO PORTUGUÊS: CORPORATIVISMO E REPRESENTAÇÃO POLÍTICA DAS AUTARQUIAS (1936-1959 = THE POLITICAL-ADMINISTRATIVE MODEL OF THE PORTUGUESE NEW STATE: CORPORATISM AND POLITICAL REPRESENTATION OF MUNICIPALITIES...

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António Rafael Amaro

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A historiografia portuguesa não tem dado o devido destaque ao papel desempenhado pela reforma político-administrativa, efetuada por Salazar, em 1936, ao subvalorizar o papel que esta teve na consolidação política do Estado Novo Corporativo. O modelo político-administrativo do Estado Novo rompe, de acordo com a Constituição de 1933 e o Código Administrativo de 1936, com a tradição liberal e demoliberal de eleição e de representação política dos órgãos autárquicos, substituindo-a pelo sufrágio orgânico e corporativo. Entender, portanto, o modo como Salazar integrou no Estado corporativo as autarquias locais não pode deixar de ser também uma forma de ir ao encontro de uma parte importante da explicação da própria natureza do Estado Novo e mesmo dos seus mecanismos de governação e de legitimação política.El objetivo del presente texto es examinar el registro de ideas y de prácticas orgánicas acerca de la representación política de los intereses ordenados en proyectos constitucionales y programas políticos presentados durante la Primera República Portuguesa. Las principales zonas ideológicas sometidas a un análisis fueron el republicanismo, el monarquismo y el catolicismo, donde se ha expresado culturas políticas liberales y antiliberales. Esa recepción es parte de la historia de las principales tradiciones organicistas portuguesas que han contribuido a construcción del modelo representativo consultivo presente en la Cámara Corporativa del Estado Novo Portugués, donde habrá representantes de las autarcías locales y de los intereses ordenados.The Portuguese historiography has not given enough prominence to the role played by the political and administrative reform carried out by Salazar in 1936, .minimizing the role it had in the political consolidation of the New Corporate State. The political-administrative model of the New State according to the Constitution of 1933 and the

Foxing the Child: The Cultural Transmission of Pedagogical Norms and Values in Dutch Rewritings of Literary Classics for Children 1850-1950

Science.gov (United States)

Parlevliet, Sanne

2012-01-01

This article examines the reciprocity between children's literature and educational ideals in Dutch rewritings of international literary classics published for children between 1850 and 1950. It analyses the assumed pedagogical power of rewritings of international literary classics for children from the perspective of three theoretical concepts:…

El cólera morbus en cinco municipios del Estado de México, en 1850

OpenAIRE

María del Pilar Iracheta; Hilda Lagunas

1998-01-01

El artículo pretende hacer un análisis sobre los efectos del cólera morbus en cinco municipios del Estado de México (Toluca, Temoaya, Calimaya, Otzolotepec y Capulhuac) durante los meses de junio y julio de 1850, aunque la enfermedad se manifestó hasta noviembre de ese año. Asimismo, se trata de señalar algunos elementos que permitieron la propagación del cólera. También se trata de medir los efectos de la enfermedad en los municipios referidos, tomando como base...

The Chromatic Code changes in the Abc front pages 1936-1939

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Dr. Pedro Pérez Cuadrado

2008-01-01

Full Text Available In 1936 Abc was a daily newspaper that edited in an outstanding way and in full colour its Sundays editions. The paper worked with two different printing systems: typography and rotogravure; and it was the leading technical paper in Spain. This research proposes, firstly, to show how the newspaper became high quality, and apart from this, establishes the process for printing in colour (three inks and four inks in a regular form and for the first time in Spanish printing media.In the same way, this research wants to focus on the meanings that colour offers in a printing media in the mid thirties (we have to be conscious of the fact that it took sixty more years to make common colour printing came back to Spanish press, and how the Civil War changed the process in a radical way: firstly, to modify the languages of colour towards a military point of view and, secondly, to make it disappear for obvious reasons.

Moral education in extracurricular work of general schools of Ukrainian provinces in 1850–1860 years

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Biletska Svitlana Anatoliivna

2015-01-01

The article raised the actual problem of organization of moral education of pupils in extracurricular work of general schools (historical aspect).It is stated that the purpose of moral education of pupils of general schools in extracurricular work of 1850–1860 years was to create a holistic, perfect humanistic person. Ways of realization of the global purpose are revealed through the prism of inheritance of such known educators as K. Ushinsky, P. Kapterev, I. Kyreyevsky, L. Modzalevsky. In th...

Preengorde intensivo de almeja japonesa Ruditapes philippinarum (Adamsampersand Reeve, 1850) en sustrato, en la zona intermareal

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Royo, A.; Ruiz-Azcona, P.; Navajas, R.

2005-01-01

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of high density for Manila clams at the first ongrowing stage under netting in ground plots, in order to establish an economical improvement for clam farming. The intensive clam cultivation was maintained to the competence size at high density (6 000 indiv/m²), when the effects of density on mortality and growth begin. A total of 97 000 units of Manila clams Ruditapes philippinarum (Adamsampersand Reeve, 1850), prefattened in a raft with air-l...

A Comparative History of Gender and Factory Labour in Ottoman Bursa and Colonial Bombay, c.1850-1910

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Yildiz, Hatice

2017-01-01

This thesis explores the gendered dynamics of industrialisation in the late Ottoman Empire and British India. It examines the ways in which gendered notions of skill, waged work, domesticity and technology shaped employment patterns, labour processes and politics in silk factories in Bursa and cotton mills in Bombay between 1850 and 1910. The project undermines the notion that women's labour was incidental to the development of large-scale factory enterprise in Ottoman and Indian lands. I arg...

Ecologia da polinização de Ipomoea asarifolia (Ders. Roem. & Schult. (Convolvulaceae na região semi-árida de Pernambuco Pollination ecology of Ipomoea asarifolia (Ders. Roem. & Schult. (Convolvulaceae in the semi-arid area of Pernambuco

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Lúcia Helena Piedade Kiill

2003-09-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no período de março/1995 a julho/1997, com o objetivo de estudar aspectos da fenologia, polinização e reprodução de Ipomoea asarifolia, na Fazenda Catalunha, Santa Maria da Boa Vista, PE. I. asarifolia é uma liana perene, com hábito exclusivamente rasteiro e floração registrada no período de março a outubro, caracterizada como do tipo cornucópia. As flores estão reunidas em cimeiras, são infundibuliformes, de cor rosa com as mesopétalas magenta, que funcionam como guias de néctar. A antese é diurna (5:30 e 6:00h e a duração das flores é de aproximadamente seis horas. A quantidade de néctar secretada por flor é inferior a 1µl. Abelhas Megachilidae e Apidae foram os principais visitantes desta Convolvulaceae. Liturge huberi Ducke foi considerada polinizador efetivo e Acamptopoeum prinii Holm. e Diadasina riparia Ducke polinizadores ocasionais. Quanto ao sistema de reprodução, I. asarifolia é autoincompatível, produzindo frutos e sementes viáveis somente após polinização cruzada. Os testes de crescimento de tubo polínico mostraram que, após 10 horas, há tubos polínicos na micrópila de óvulos autopolinizados e daqueles submetidos à polinização cruzada, sugerindo que se trata de um sistema de incompatibilidade tardia. Os testes de germinação mostraram que somente as sementes obtidas em condições naturais (93,3% e nos experimentos de polinização cruzada (100% foram viáveis, reforçando os dados obtidos no sistema de reprodução.The present work was carried out during March/1995 to July/1997, to study aspects of the phenology, pollination and reproduction of Ipomoea asarifolia growing at Fazenda Catalunha, Santa Maria da Boa Vista, PE. I. asarifolia is a perennial creeping liana with floration registered in the period of March to October, characterized as a cornucopian pattern of flowering. The flowers are gathered in cymes, with a pink funnel-like corolla with

Immigration, Galician and Santiago de Cuba: a Vision from the Notarial Protocols (1850-1898

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Mónica García-Salgado

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The present research intends to approach the topic of the Galician presence in the jurisdiction of Santiago de Cuba, declared as such from the year 1847. It includes a balance on the factors of attraction and repulsion that facilitate the Galician immigrant's establishment in Cuba and Santiago de Cuba in the period 1850-1898, as well as characteristic some of their main ones. The study has been carried out starting from the information that offers the Notarial Protocols among those that Manuel Caminero´s Clerkships, Heraclio García, José Knot, the Real one Public of Government and of Guerra, and those of Caney and Copper.

El cólera morbus en cinco municipios del Estado de México, en 1850

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María del Pilar Iracheta

1998-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo pretende hacer un análisis sobre los efectos del cólera morbus en cinco municipios del Estado de México (Toluca, Temoaya, Calimaya, Otzolotepec y Capulhuac durante los meses de junio y julio de 1850, aunque la enfermedad se manifestó hasta noviembre de ese año. Asimismo, se trata de señalar algunos elementos que permitieron la propagación del cólera. También se trata de medir los efectos de la enfermedad en los municipios referidos, tomando como base los factores como la edad y el sexo.

El cólera morbus en cinco municipios del Estado de México, en 1850

OpenAIRE

María del Pilar Iracheta

1998-01-01

El artículo pretende hacer un análisis sobre los efectos del cólera morbus en cinco municipios del Estado de México (Toluca, Temoaya, Calimaya, Otzolotepec y Capulhuac) durante los meses de junio y julio de 1850, aunque la enfermedad se manifestó hasta noviembre de ese año. Asimismo, se trata de señalar algunos elementos que permitieron la propagación del cólera. También se trata de medir los efectos de la enfermedad en los municipios referidos, tomando como base los factores como la edad y e...

Plays and Censorship in Medellin between 1850 and 1950

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Nancy Yohana Correa Serna

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The article analyzes the repertoire of the national and foreign troupes of opera, zarzuela and theatre, that visited Medellín city (Colombia between 1850 and 1950. The repertoires were composed mostly by plays of foreigners writers, usually Spanish authors, and in some occasions plays by national playwriters. The local government formed a censor boards since 1909 to maintain a control on the content of represented plays, this censor was kept during the whole studied period. They were in charge of vetoing those theatre plays considered immoral or that attempted against the religious precepts of Medellin dwellers, who also, from their place as spectators approved or disapproved the staging through public demonstrations in the function, or by supporting or absence at the season programed by the troupes. The review of the press, of the main cultic magazines of the studied time, of some funds of the Historical Archives of Medellin and of the represented plays, allowed to reflect on the appropriation and circulation of the social representations stating, which only reproduced the practices and accepted experiences by the intellectuals and political elites of the city.

Jimma Town: Foundation and Early Growth from ca. 1830 to 1936

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Seifu Yonas

2017-12-01

Full Text Available This study deals with the early history of Jimma town and its growth from its foundation until 1936. It explores social, economic and administrative themes, but also attempts to show the interrelationship between these themes. The town of Jimma evolved during this period from being the home-town of a relatively homogenous society and culture into a place of residence for a diverse and increasingly cosmopolitan population. Economically, the story of Jimma during this period is one of both continuity and change. It is a story of continuity because Jimma, which had been a center of trade from the very beginning, continued to be so during this period. There was significant change, however, because unlike the previous decades in which Jimma had served as a point of exchange or transit for elite goods that mostly originated from beyond the borders of the Oromo Kingdom (such as slaves, ivory and musk, during this period the town developed into the chief center for the collection, organization and export of a cash crop that was grown locally (coffee.

Sociologin i Grekland : från 1907 fram till Metaxas-diktaturen (1936–1940) och andra världskriget

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Coniavitis, Thomas

2012-01-01

Sociology in Greece from 1907 to the Metaxas dictatorship (1936–40) and the Second World War This paper focuses on pre-conditions for sociology to develop and the subject matters of emerging sociology in Greece. Pre-conditions were at hand but without continuity, and the opportunity for sociology to develop was lost. Sociology is said to have started in 1907 with the book The Social Question by Georgos Skliros. He presented sociology and Marxism as identical and deals with Greek society and ...

When the enemy is the state: common lands management in northwest Spain (1850–1936

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José A Serrano Alvarez

2014-03-01

Full Text Available In the 19th century, the Spanish government, led by a liberal political project, put up for sale the common properties of villages, and deprived local village authorities of their capacities, powers and laws to manage common woodlands, which were passed to the Forestry Service. This paper, based on Ostrom’s hypothesis that state intervention can have negative consequences for the conservation of common resources, is a case study of what happened in the province of León. It is shown that, although the conservation of common resources was endangered because those who were more directly concerned with protecting them were deprived of the means to do so, peasant communities staunchly defended the commons by maintaining traditional practices and uses in their commons.

Crisis, Xenophobia and Repatriation. The Spanish Immigrants in the City of Mexico, 1910-1936

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Alicia GIL LÁZARO

2011-05-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the influence of economic crisis in migrant groups. It starts with a reflection about the current situation, putting forward a comparative view with a study case in the past, that is, the circumstances around the Spanish immigrants in Mexico City at the time of Mexican Revolution until the crisis of the Great Depression (1910-1936. Three aspects are explored: first of all, the close relationship between the spreading of the economic crisis and the increase of restrains in migratory public policies in host countries. Secondly, the concomitant growth of xenophobic attitudes in native populations and, finally, the return to the homeland as one of the essential strategies developed by immigrants to confront the crisis drawing upon the social and associative networks of migration movements.

Red-and-Black Streets. Anarcho-Syndicalism, Rituals of Mobilization and Symbols in Public Spaces (1931-1936 | La calle rojinegra. Anarcosindicalismo, rituales de movilización y símbolos en el espacio público (1931-1936

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Javier Navarro Navarro

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This article focuses on the analysis of the typology, characteristics and evolution of some of the rituals of mobilization and symbols that Spanish anarchist and anarchosyndicalist organisations displayed in public spaces during the years of the Second Republic, before the July 1936 military uprising: strikes, revolutionary insurrections, rallies, demonstrations, tours, partisans’ funerals, etc. The aim of all these actions was clear: both internal cohesion and identity reaffirmation, and external projection of the movement. With these collective action strategies, anarcho-syndicalists tried to be present in public spaces, to make the movement strength visible and to reinforce their demands and aspirations. This visibility was enhanced by displaying its own symbols: hymns, songs, flags, etc. | Este artículo se centra en el análisis de la tipología, características y evolución de algunos de los diversos rituales de movilización y símbolos desplegados en el espacio público por las distintas organizaciones y núcleos de militantes de signo confederal y anarquista en España durante los años de la Segunda República, antes del estallido de la sublevación militar de julio de 1936. Entre ellos: huelgas, insurrecciones revolucionarias, mítines, manifestaciones, excursiones, entierros de militantes, etc. El propósito de estas acciones era claro: tanto la cohesión y reafirmación identitaria internas, como la proyección externa del movimiento. Con estas estrategias de acción colectiva, que suponían una “salida” al espacio público, se trataba de hacer visible allí la fuerza del movimiento y reafirmar la presencia física de este, sus reivindicaciones y aspiraciones. Esta visibilidad se reforzaba mediante el despliegue de los símbolos propios: himnos, canciones, banderas, etc.

Cloud amount/frequency, NITRATE and other data from KOMET, UNKNOWN PLATFORMS and other platforms in the NE Atlantic from 1936-06-30 to 1976-01-27 (NODC Accession 9000162)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Data collected by German Vessels between 1936 and 1974 was received from the German Data Center (DOD). The data include temperature and salinity data collected by...

Miguel Hernández y la poesía de Lope (1935-1936

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Francisco Javier Díez de Revenga

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La publicación de los sonetos incluidos en El rayo que no cesa puso de relieve que Miguel Hernández aprendió a construirlos en los clásicos de nuestro Siglo de Oro y, entre ellos, quizá más aún que en ningún otro, en Lope de Vega, al que por aquellos años seguía igualmente de forma muy fiel en sus dramas Los hijos de la piedra y El labrador de más aire. En El rayo que no cesa logró, sin embargo, una cierta independencia y originalidad al conseguir revitalizar un esquema clásico y al obtener de él resultados óptimos en todos y cada uno de los poemas que componen su libro publicado en 1936, tras las conmemoraciones del centenario de Lope en 1935.

Patterns and associates of cognitive function, psychosocial wellbeing and health in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

Science.gov (United States)

2014-01-01

Background Cognitive function, psychosocial wellbeing and health are important domains of function. Consistencies and inconsistencies in patterns of wellbeing across these domains may be informative about wellbeing in old age and the ways it is manifested amongst individuals. In this study we investigated whether there were groups of individuals with different profiles of scores across these domains. We also aimed to identify characteristics of any evident groups by comparing them on variables that were not used in identifying the groups. Methods The sample was the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936, which included 1091 participants born in 1936. They are a community-dwelling, narrow-age-range sample of 70-year-olds. Most had taken part in the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 at an average age of 11, making available a measure of childhood intelligence. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to explore possible profiles using 9 variables indicating cognitive functioning, psychosocial wellbeing and health status. Demographic, personality, and lifestyle variables – none of which were used in the LCA – were used to characterize the resulting profile groups. Results We accepted a 3-group solution, which we labeled High Wellbeing (65.3%), Low Cognition (20.3%), and Low Bio-Psychosocial (14.5%). Notably, the High Wellbeing group had significantly higher childhood IQ, lower Neuroticism scores, and a lower percentage of current smokers than the other 2 groups. Conclusion The majority of individuals were functioning generally well; however, there was evidence of the presence of groups with different profiles, which may be explained in part in terms of cognitive ability differences. Results suggested that higher life-long intelligence, personality traits associated with less mental distress, and basic health practices such as avoiding smoking are important associates of wellbeing in old age. PMID:24754844

Discursos em oposição: Imagens e representações do imigrante no Brasil (1850-1945

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Lená Medeiros de Menezes

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The article analyzes the discourse on immigration in Brazil between 1850 and 1945, reflecting on practices and representations. On the one hand the analysis prioritizes the defense of immigration as the country's way to get rid of their slave past, going on the path of progress; secondly, it is highlighted the accusation that immigration was responsible for the expansion of disorder, crime and anarchism. By analyzing the speech placed in dispute, the paper discusses the representations of good and bad immigrant, weaving reflections on policies adopted in the Empire and the Republic.

Parenthood, child-rearing and fertility in England, 1850-1914.

Science.gov (United States)

Pooley, Siân

2013-03-01

Fertility declines across Europe and the Anglo-world have been explained as the result of reversals of intergenerational flows of wealth. According to this theory, the child was transformed from an economically-useful household asset to an emotionally-valued parental burden. This article is based on a comparative study of changing understandings of parenthood in three provincial English localities between 1850 and 1914. It works from the premise that in order to make sense of reproductive behaviour, it is essential to examine the meanings that men and women attached to childlessness, child-rearing and parenthood. It is argued that there was not a universal shift that made children into burdens. New understandings of the duties of parenthood did develop, but these were founded on class-, gender- and place-specific interpretations. These encouraged a minority of fathers and mothers to believe that together they had the capacity to improve the lives of their sons and daughters in pioneering ways. Given that husbands and wives had distinct motives for avoiding rearing many children and that the discussion of reproduction was shrouded in silence, the dissemination and use of new ideals of family was crucial in enabling birth control to be thought about respectably within marriage.

Medio ambiente urbano: Una mirada desde la historia de las ideas científicas y las profesiones de la ciudad. Buenos Aires 1850-1915. / The urban environment: A view from the history of scientific ideas and professions of the city. Buenos Aires 1850-1915.

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Paiva, Verónica

2000-03-01

Full Text Available Desde la década de 1960 en adelante, el medio ambiente se ha convertido en un tema prioritario en el nivel mundial. En lo que a estudios históricos se refiere la mayor parte de las investigaciones sobre historia ambiental han sido producidas desde la perspectiva ecológica, es decir de una mirada que toma conceptos actuales del debate ambiental (relación sociedad-naturaleza, entropía, etc investigando en qué medida las sociedades históricas han sido más o menos cuidadosas del ambiente. En este artículo mi interés es abordar la temática del medio urbano porteño entre 1850 y 1915 desde otra perspectiva que considero que puede enriquecer el cuerpo actual de conocimientos sobre historia ambiental, profundizando especialmente sobre las concepciones científicas que por aquel entonces, guiaron la práctica profesional en materia de medio urbano./This article will approach the issue of urban Buenos Aires between 1850 and 1915 from a perspective that can enrich the existing body of knowledge on environmental history, especially deepening scientific conceptions that guided the practice in the field of urban environment.

For the little workers of the New World: ILO and child labor in the Americas (1936-1939

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José Pacheco dos Santos Júnior

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Created in 1919, the International Labour Organization took on a bold task: to standardize the world of work and to consolidate the ideal of social justice as a way of consolidate world peace. Choosing this agency as an object of study, the article aims to analyze the formulation and purposes that defined the resolutions on the work of children and young people, discussed and approved in the first two American Labour Conferences, held in Chile (1936 and in Cuba (1939. Under comparative analysis, the reflection concludes that the resolutions coming from such forums were not only to regulate but also to conform ideal models of childhood and youth.

The integration of Darwinism and evolutionary morphology: Alexej Nikolajevich Sewertzoff (1866-1936) and the developmental basis of evolutionary change.

Science.gov (United States)

Levit, George S; Hossfeld, Uwe; Olsson, Lennart

2004-07-15

The growth of evolutionary morphology in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was inspired by the work of Carl Gegenbaur (1826-1903) and his protégé and friend Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919). However, neither of them succeeded in creating and applying a strictly Darwinian (selectionist) methodology. This task was left to the next generation of evolutionary morphologists. In this paper we present a relatively unknown researcher, Alexej Nikolajevich Sewertzoff (1866-1936) who made important contributions towards a synthesis of Darwinism and evolutionary morphology. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Michael Boyden, Hans Krabbendam and Liselotte Vandenbussche, eds. Tales of Transit: Narrative Migrant Spaces in Atlantic Perspective, 1850-1950.

OpenAIRE

Patrona, Theodora D.

2014-01-01

Tales of Transit gathers some of the papers presented at the homonymous international conference which took place at the Felix Archive in Antwerp in June 2010. The contributors of the volume meticulously examine the great transatlantic migration movements within the broad time frame of a century (1850-1950), focusing on the pivotal, as well as underrated role, of transit places. The interdisciplinary character of the volume provides readers with the opportunity to consider a, by-now, thorough...

Salazar y Franco en el panorama internacional: estrategia diplomática y propaganda (1936-1945

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Alberto Pena Rodríguez

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo es una aproximación al estudio de la proyección propagandística y la estrategia diplomática internacionaldesarrollada por la dictadura portuguesa y el Movimiento Nacional franquista para defender, promocionar y consolidar ambos regímenes autoritarios en la Península Ibérica durante el periodo 1936-1945. El principal argumento de la investigación sostiene que el papel jugado por Salazar y sus servicios diplomáticos fue muy relevante en la victoria del general Franco en la Guerra Civil española. La prensa y ladiplomacia portuguesa prestaron una cobertura propagandística extraordinaria al franquismo. Sin embargo, el estallido de la Segunda Guerra mundial obligó a Franco y Salazar a firmar el Pacto de Amistad y No Agresión en 1939 y a crear posteriormente el Bloque Ibérico para garantizar su neutralidad y supervivencia.This research is an approach to study the propagandistic projection and the international diplomatic strategy conducted by the Portuguese dictatorship and the Franco National Movement to defend, to promote and to consolidate both authoritarian regimes in the Iberia Peninsula during the 1936-1945 period. The main argument of this work holds that the role played by Salazar and his diplomatic services was very relevant for the Franco’s victory inthe Spanish Civil War. The press and the Portuguese diplomacy lent a extraordinary aid to the Franco regime However, the outbreak of the Second World War II forced to Franco and Salazar to sign the Pact of Friendship and Non Aggresion in 1939 and to create later the Iberian Block to ensure their neutrality and survival.

Modeled climate-induced glacier change in Glacier National Park, 1850-2100

Science.gov (United States)

Hall, M.H.P.; Fagre, D.B.

2003-01-01

The glaciers in the Blackfoot-Jackson Glacier Basin of Glacier National Park, Montana, decreased in area from 21.6 square kilometers (km2) in 1850 to 7.4 km2 in 1979. Over this same period global temperatures increased by 0.45??C (?? 0. 15??C). We analyzed the climatic causes and ecological consequences of glacier retreat by creating spatially explicit models of the creation and ablation of glaciers and of the response of vegetation to climate change. We determined the melt rate and spatial distribution of glaciers under two possible future climate scenarios, one based on carbon dioxide-induced global warming and the other on a linear temperature extrapolation. Under the former scenario, all glaciers in the basin will disappear by the year 2030, despite predicted increases in precipitation; under the latter, melting is slower. Using a second model, we analyzed vegetation responses to variations in soil moisture and increasing temperature in a complex alpine landscape and predicted where plant communities are likely to be located as conditions change.

Loopbaan en levensloop van onderwijzers en onderwijzeressen : sociale mobiliteit, huwelijk, inkomen, benoemingen en ontslag in het openbaar lager onderwijs in Groningen, ca. 1850-1920

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bijl, Greetje

2014-01-01

Career and Lives of teachers. Social mobility, marriage, income, the appointments and discharge in public school in Groningen, ca. 1850 – 1920 Central in this research are the careers and lives of men and women teachers in the province of Groningen. The main question is how the Education Laws of

1850: un ensayo de historia conceptual

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Eugenia Roldán Vera

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo es un análisis del concepto de pueblo en México entre 1750 y 1850, un período marcado por la “doble revolución” de la irrupción de la modernidad y la independencia política. Tras revisar la multiplicidad de significados que este concepto tenía en el siglo XVIII, el artículo se centra en el análisis de cómo estos significados se transformaron en las siguientes décadas, qué nuevos significados surgieron y cómo éstos fueron interactuando con los procesos políticos y sociales del período. Se estudia la transformación de esos significados a través de los usos del concepto de pueblo por distintos actores sociales y se identifican momentos específicos de ruptura semántica – la crisis de la monarquía española, la independencia, la invasión norteamericana– que llevaron a períodos de cambio significativo en esos usos. Se muestra cómo los significados modernos de pueblo –la asociación de individuos iguales ante la ley y el depositario de la soberanía de la nación– coexistieron durante todo el período con significados anteriores del mismo concepto –“el pueblo” como la capa inferior de la sociedad, o “los pueblos” como los detentadores de una noción plural y pactista de la soberanía–. La autora sostiene que esta coexistencia a menudo desembocó en una (inconsciente o deliberada mezcla o sustitución de unos significados por otros, lo cual se articuló estructuralmente en los procesos sociales y políticos a través de los cuales México se conformó como nación moderna.

Galeguismo, agro e agrarismo na Galicia da II República

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Cabo Villaverde, Miguel

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The Partido Galeguista (PG was created in December 1931 as the expression of Galician nationalism during the Second Republic (1931-1936. Prior to that, the Galician nationalists had been very influential in the cultural sphere but rather powerless from a political point of view. The PG regarded agriculture and peasantry as a priority, not only because of their objective importance in the Galician economy and society in the 1930s but also because they were seen as the bulwarks of the national identity. In fact, the characteristics, needs and paths of development of the Galician agrarian sector were usually defined as opposed to those of the rest of Spain. It is then understable that the PG tried to win the agrarian unions over, and that it is arguable that it had plenty of common features with the so-called Agrarian Parties in other European regions.

O Partido Galeguista (PG foi creado en decembro de 1931 como expresión do nacionalismo galego durante a Segunda República (1931-1936. Con anterioridade, os nacionalistas galegos foron moi influíntes no eido cultural pero maiormente inoperantes dende o punto de vista político. O PG consideraba a agricultura e o campesiñado como unha prioridade, non só pola súa importancia obxectiva na economía e sociedade galegas dos anos trinta senón tamén porque eran vistos como os baluartes da identidade nacional. De feito, as características, necesidades e vías de desenvolvemento do sector agrario galego eran normalmente definidas en oposición ás do resto de España. É daquela comprensible que o PG tentase gañarse ás sociedades agrarias, e mesmo se pode afirmar que tiña moitos puntos en común cos chamados Partidos Agrarios doutras rexións europeas.

LAS FINANZAS PÚBLICAS DE LA CONFEDERACIÓN GRANADINA Y LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DE COLOMBIA 1850-1886

OpenAIRE

Kalmanovitz, Salomón; López R., Edwin

2010-01-01

En este ensayo se analizan los ingresos fiscales del gobierno central y de los Estados federales entre 1850 y 1882 para determinar si la descentralización política y de rentas y la ejecución del gasto favorecieron y mejoraron la sostenibilidad de las finanzas colombianas del período en cuestión. Se contrasta la estructura federalista con la organización centralista y se intenta evaluar cuál fue más favorable para la consecución de equilibrios macroeconómicos en los ámbitos central y descentra...

Redescription of Prosthenhystera obesa (Diesing, 1850 (Callodistomidae, Digenea with New Host Records and Data on Morphological Variability

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Anna Kohn

1997-03-01

Full Text Available Prosthenhystera obesa (Diesing,1850 Travassos, 1922 from the gall bladder of Astyanax bimaculatus, Caranx gibbosus, Galeocharax humeralis, Leporinus copelandii, Pimelodus fur, Pseudopimelodus roosevelti, Salminus brevidens, Salminus maxillosus and from the new hosts, Cynopotamus amazonum and Triurobrycon lundii is redescribed, demonstrating a large morphological variation, mainly in body and testes size and shape. New hosts harbouring immature specimens of P. obesa are presented: Brycon sp., Leporellus vittatus, Pachyurus squamipinnis, Pimelodus clarias, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and Salminus hilarii. Scanning electron microscopy micrographies, original figures and measurements of adult and immature specimens from different Brazilian hosts and localities are presented

A comparison of 1850 (50 mCi) and 3700 MBq (100 mCi) 131-iodine administered doses for recombinant thyrotropin-stimulated postoperative thyroid remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Pilli, Tania; Brianzoni, Ernesto; Capoccetti, Francesca; Castagna, Maria Grazia; Fattori, Sara; Poggiu, Angela; Rossi, Gloria; Ferretti, Francesca; Guarino, Elisa; Burroni, Luca; Vattimo, Angelo; Cipri, Claudia; Pacini, Furio

2007-09-01

Recently, a multicenter study in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients showed that 3700 MBq 131-iodine ((131)I) after recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) had a successful thyroid ablation rate similar to that obtained after thyroid hormone withdrawal. We investigated whether 1850 MBq (131)I had a similar successful rate to 3700 MBq in patients prepared with rhTSH. A total of 72 patients with DTC were randomly assigned to receive 1850 (group A, n = 36) or 3700 MBq (group B, n = 36) (131)I after rhTSH. One injection of 0.9 mg rhTSH was administered for 2 consecutive days; (131)I therapy was delivered 24 h after the last injection, followed by a posttherapy whole-body scan. Successful ablation was assessed 6-8 months later. Successful ablation (no visible uptake in the diagnostic whole-body scan after rhTSH stimulation) was achieved in 88.9% of group A and B patients. Basal and rhTSH-stimulated serum thyroglobulin was undetectable (<1 ng/ml) in 78.9% of group A and 66.6% of group B patients (P = 0.46). Similar rates of ablation were obtained in both groups also in patients with node metastases. Therapeutic (131)I activities of 1850 MBq are equally effective as 3700 MBq for thyroid ablation in DTC patients prepared with rhTSH, even in the presence of node metastases.

'Racial differences have to be considered': Lauretta Bender, Bellevue Hospital, and the African American psyche, 1936-52.

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Doyle, Dennis

2010-06-01

This paper examines one US psychiatrist's engagement between 1936 and 1952 with a racialist strain of evolutionary thought. When Lauretta Bender began working with Bellevue Hospital's disproportionately black population, the psychiatric literature still circulated the crude evolutionary proposition that blacks remained stuck at a more primitive stage of development. In the 1930s, drawing insights from holistic, mechanistic and environmentalist thinking on the relationship between mind and body, Bender developed her own more circumspect racialist position. Although she largely abandoned her underdetermined version of racialism in the 1940s for an approach that left out race as an active factor of analysis, this paper contends that she probably never wrote off black primitivity as a theoretical possibility.

A estabilização do arranjo corporativo e as eleições municipais de 1936 em Belo Horizonte

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Carla Maria Junho Anastasia

2013-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo apresenta a estabilização do arranjo corporativo, ameaçado pela eficácia política imprevista adquirida pelo movimento sindical mineiro após a edição do decreto 19770, de março de 1931. Com o mesmo argumento de combater o comunismo, o Ministério do Trabalho interveio diretamente nos sindicatos, nomeando juntas governativas, e as forças políticas locais, em especial o Partido Progressista, buscaram arregimentar a massa trabalhadora nas eleições municipais de 1936 em Belo Horizonte.

Ang Paghiraya sa Nasyon: Ang mga Pagdiriwang ng Anibersaryo ng Komonwelt ng Pilipinas (1936-1941

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Michael Charleston B. Chua

2007-12-01

Full Text Available The paper will revisit the forms and themes of commemoration of the anniversary of the Philippine Commonwealth every November 15 from 1936 to 1941. Similar to the present-day State of the Nation Address, the celebrations reflected the mood and sentiments of the government and served as the articulation of how the ruling elite democracy imagined the nation that would be established under the guidance of the United States of America. (1 The plans for national defense, (2 the loyalty of America, (3 the achievements of the Commonwealth government, (4 optimism for the future, (5 Pres. Manuel Quezon, the Great Leader, and (6 the excellence and capabilities of the Filipino, became the common themes of the celebrations reinforced yearly to rally the citizens to imagine the nation with the government in a ritualistic gathering.

Platyhelminthes, Trematoda, Digenea Carus, 1863: Distribution extension in Argentina and new Anura and Ophidia hosts

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Lunaschi, L. I.

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to increase the knowledge on the diversity of digenean parasites in ophidians andanurans from northeastern Argentina. Specimens of the snakes Eunectes notaeus, Hydrodynastes gigas, Micrurus corallinus,Philodryas sp. and Sibynomorphus sp., and the anurans Rhinella schneideri, Phyllomedusa azurea and Leptodactylus latranswere examined. Twelve digenean species were identified: Catadiscus corderoi Mañé-Garzón, 1958, Catadiscus dolichocotyle(Cohn, 1903, Catadiscus uruguayensis Freitas & Lent, 1939, Choledocystus elegans (Travassos, 1926, Gorgoderina parvicavaTravassos, 1922, Haplometroides buccicola Odhner, 1911, Heterodiplostomum lanceolatum Dubois, 1936, Infidum similisTravassos, 1916, Mesocoelium monas (Rudolphi, 1819, Plagiorchis luehei (Travassos, 1927, Telorchis clava (Diesing, 1850and Travtrema stenocotyle (Cohn, 1902. New host species and/or new locality records from Argentina are presented.

Assessing historical global sulfur emission patterns for the period 1850--1990

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lefohn, A.S. [A.S.L. and Associates, Helena, MT (United States); Husar, J.D.; Husar, R.B. [Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States). Center for Air Pollution Impact and Trend Analysis; Brimblecombe, P. [Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich (United Kingdom)

1996-07-19

Anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions from energy-producing and metal production activities have become an important factor in better understanding the relationship between humans and the environment. Concerns about (1) acid rain effects on the environment and (2) anthropogenic aerosols affecting possible global change have prompted interest in the transformation and fate of sulfur in the environment. One step in assessing the importance of sulfur emissions is the development of a reliable regional emission inventory of sulfur as a function of time. The objective of this research effort was to create a homogeneous database for historical sulfur emission estimates for the world. The time from 1850--1990 was selected to include the period of industrialization form the time the main production of fuels and minerals began until the most recent year for which complete production data exist. This research effort attempts to correct some of the deficiencies associated with previous global sulfur emission estimates by (1) identifying those production activities that resulted in sulfur emissions by country and (2) calculating historical emission trends by country across years. An important component of this study was the comparison of the sulfur emission results with those of previous studies.

Las finanzas públicas de la Confederación Granadina y los Estados Unidos de Colombia 1850-1886

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Salomón Kalmanovitz

2010-12-01

Full Text Available En este ensayo se analizan los ingresos fiscales del gobierno central y de los Estados federales entre 1850 y 1882 para determinar si la descentralización política y de rentas y la ejecución del gasto favorecieron y mejoraron la sostenibilidad de las finanzas colombianas del período en cuestión. Se contrasta la estructura federalista con la organización centralista y se intenta evaluar cuál fue más favorable para la consecución de equilibrios macroeconómicos en los ámbitos central y descentralizado.

Las finanzas públicas de la Confederación Granadina y los Estados Unidos de Colombia 1850-1886

OpenAIRE

Kalmanovitz, Salomón; Lopez, Edwin

2010-01-01

En este ensayo se analizan los ingresos fiscales del gobierno central y de los Estados federales entre 1850 y 1882 para determinar si la descentralización política y de rentas y la ejecución del gasto favorecieron y mejoraron la sostenibilidad de las finanzas colombianas del período en cuestión. Se contrasta la estructura federalista con la organización centralista y se intenta evaluar cuál fue más favorable para la consecución de equilibrios macroeconómicos en los ámbitos central y descentra...

El teatro de la España contemporánea (1868-1936

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Rocío Arana

2015-12-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-9288.2015v11n2p111 Los años que van de 1868 a 1936 suponen no solo grandes cambios en la historia contemporánea de España, sino también un momento de gran renovación en su escena teatral. En este artículo nos proponemos dar un panorama global sobre un periodo teatral poco conocido y que supone el puente desde unas propuestas anteriores - neoclásicas, románticas y más tradicionales - hasta una dramaturgia más renovadora y que explica, en buena parte, la consecución a lo largo del siglo XX de una manera diferente de entender y hacer teatro en España. Se presenta un estudio más detallado de la dramaturgia de tres autores que caracterizan muy bien sendas perspectivas teatrales en la España de ese momento: José Echegaray, Benito Pérez Galdós y Joaquín Dicenta. Y, por último, se demuestra la importancia de poder digitalizar las piezas teatrales de esta época para su conocimiento y estudio.

"Intelligence and Civilisation": A Ludwig Mond Lecture Delivered at the University of Manchester on 23rd October 1936 by Godfrey H. Thomson. A Reprinting with Background and Commentary

Science.gov (United States)

Deary, Ian J.; Lawn, Martin; Brett, Caroline E.; Bartholomew, David J.

2009-01-01

Here we reprint, and provide background and a commentary on, a recently-rediscovered lecture by Godfrey H. Thomson entitled, "Intelligence and civilisation." It was delivered at the University of Manchester, UK, on 23rd October, 1936, printed in 1937 in the short-lived "Journal of the University of Manchester" and as a pamphlet…

Muziek en natievorming in België: het muziekleven te Brussel 1830-1850

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K. Buyens

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Koen Buyens, Music and nation building in BelgiumThe article examines the Brussels music scene (1830-1850 in relation to the efforts made at the time with regard to nation building after the Belgian Revolution of 1830. The first part focuses on François-Joseph Fétis, who was appointed director of the Brussels conservatorium in 1832. In this capacity, Fétis intended to model both the Brussels music scene and the national music scene according to his own clear-cut ideas. In the second part it is argued that musical life in Brussels was suffused with a military spirit. The music of military bands was probably the core element of the urban soundscape. The third part concentrates on the obstacles that hampered the country’s musical development. The crushing preponderance of Paris reduced the Belgian capital to a place of servile imitation. From 1840 onwards this provoked heated reactions among the early advocates of the Flemish case, who soon fell under the spell of German music.

RESEÑA de : Larrinaga, Carlos: Diputaciones provinciales e infraestructuras en el País Vasco durante el primer tercio del siglo XX (1900–1936. Bilbao: Universidad del País Vasco, 2013.

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Rafael Barquín Gil

2014-05-01

Full Text Available RESEÑA de : Larrinaga, Carlos: Diputaciones provinciales e infraestructuras en el País Vasco durante el primer tercio del siglo XX (1900–1936. Bilbao: Universidad del País Vasco, 2013.

Systematic notes on Asian birds. 10. The “Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées” of Temminck & Laugier (1820-1839): the little known impression of 1850

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sayako, N.; Dickinson, E.C.

2001-01-01

A copy of the reported 1850 impression of the “Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées” that has recently come to light suggests that bound copies would be virtually indistinguishable from the first edition (1820-1839) despite the different publisher. In spite of clear statements by the publisher, we

An early (1850) 'handwritten' shell exchange catalogue of the Leiden Museum, with notes on the collectors Rethaan Macaré and Tischbein

OpenAIRE

Bruggen, van, A.C.

2013-01-01

A ‘handwritten’ (lithographed) shell exchange catalogue of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden (The Netherlands), dated 1850 and containing 864 nominal taxa (861 molluscs and 3 brachiopods), is discussed in the context of the history of the museum. This catalogue must have been distributed in a limited edition to shell collectors interested in the exchange of specimens. Among the exchange partners of the museum were the well-known 19th century Dutch collector Lady (later Dowager) F...

Prague’s Sewerage System in the 1930’ and the General Sewerage Project (1933–1936

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K. Drnek

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Prague’s sewerage system was built at the end of the era of the monarchy in the united town that Prague was transformed into. The system was soon overloaded, and was not able to remove all the sewage produced by the citizens.To deal with this hygienic threat, the city council and the management of the wastewater services undertook several actions to build a new system or improve the existing system. The most ambitious and extensive measure was the general project carried out between 1933 and 1936.The project was invented to resolve the problem once and for all by introducing new ideas and cut out the problem of placing a new sewage plant instead of the old one. For the present-day observer it also offers a range of spectacular and interesting ideas on urban wastewater treatment.

Teatro, literatura dramática, educación popular y construcción nacional. Galicia , 1882- 1936

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Manuel F. VIEITES

2010-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: Entre 1882 y 1936 tiene lugar en Galicia un proceso de definición identitaria y de construcción nacional promovido por un movimiento cultural, el movimiento galleguista, que, a partir de 1918, comienza su transformación en un movimiento político del que nace, en 1931, el Partido Galleguista. Con el estreno del espectáculo A fonte do xuramento comienza todo un proyecto de promoción de la creación dramática y de la realización teatral, ámbitos artísticos que se configuran como instrumentos privilegiados en los procesos de educación popular a través de los que se transmiten representaciones de la identidad, se formula una idea de la nación, se reescribe la historia conformando mitos y héroes y se presentan los conflictos sociales, económicos o políticos que afectaban a aquellos sectores sociales que el movimiento galleguista consideraba depositarios de las esencias nacionales: labradores y marineros. ABSTRACT: Between 1882 and 1936 a process of identity definition and nationbuilding took place in Galicia. It was promoted by a cultural movement, the Galician Movement, which, from 1918 onwards, began its transformation into a political movement and was the cornerstone of the Galician Party, created in 1931. The premiere of the play A fonte do xuramento was the starting point of an ambitious project of drama and theatre promotion, two artistic areas that became privileged tools in the processes of community education and conscientization. They were intended to show identity representations, to draw up the idea of the nation, to rewrite the history of the nation, with its miths and heroes, and to enact the most important social, economical and political conflicts affecting the two social groups that were considered the real repositories of the national essences: farmworkers and fishermen.

High-pulse energy supercontinuum laser for high-resolution spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging of lipids in the 1650-1850 nm region

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dasa, Manoj Kumar; Markos, Christos; Maria, Michael

2018-01-01

We propose a cost-effective high-pulse energy supercontinuum (SC) source based on a telecom range diode laser-based amplifier and a few meters of standard single-mode optical fiber, with a pulse energy density as high as ∼25 nJ/nm in the 1650-1850 nm regime (factor >3 times higher than any SC...... discrimination of two different lipids (cholesterol and lipid in adipose tissue) and the photoacoustic cross-sectional scan of lipid-rich adipose tissue at three different locations. The proposed high-pulse energy SC laser paves a new direction towards compact, broadband and cost-effective source...

Intercambios comerciales en la Confederación Granadina según la Comisión Corográfica, 1850-1856

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Vallecilla Gordillo, Jaime; Botero, María Mercedes

2010-01-01

El objeto de este artículo es efectuar una evaluación inicial del comercio interregional en Colombia, justo cuando se inició el desarrollo exportador a mediados del siglo XIX. Para ello, se ha utilizado como fuente documental, la información económica tal y como la registró la Comisión Corográfica dirigida por el geógrafo militar Agustín Codazzi, entre enero de 1850 y febrero de 1859. Los registros de población y de ganado que se encuentran en dicha obra, así como los intercambios de producto...

Los SIG como instrumento para el análisis de las migraciones: el ejemplo del éxodo catalán de 1936

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Cécile Burel

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Born in 1962 with the Canadian Geographical Information System (CGIS, the GIS knew a spectacular development and broaden its applications, touching various disciplines that made its potential come out. Nonetheless, many functions have not been exploited yet. And it is precisely in domains other than the most usual, such as the quantitative geography, that we can appreciate the value of this tool, as this historical research El éxodo catalán de 1936 a través de los Pirineos. De la derrota a la victoria demonstrates.

From popular tribunals to purgative committees: violence and repression in Guipúzcoa during the Civil War and the early years of the Franco regime (1936-1945 | De los tribunales populares a las comisiones depuradoras: violencia y represión en Guipúzcoa durante la Guerra Civil y el primer franquismo (1936-1945

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Pedro Barruso Barés

2005-12-01

Full Text Available The wave of repression suffered by the population of Guipúzcoa between 1936 and 1945 broke the peaceful coexistence in a region which had been noted for its political moderation during the Second Republic. Accordingly, this article seeks to examine the different types of violence perpetrated in the region, and to highlight the most salient features of each of these, including their geographical and social impact and quantitative significance. Likewise, in the light of new sources, little known occurrences such as the repression of the clergy and the purging of Secondary Education are revealed. | El proceso represivo experimentado por la sociedad guipuzcoana entre 1936 y 1945 supuso una ruptura de la convivencia en un espacio que se había caracterizado por su moderación política a lo largo de la II República. Por este motivo, en el texto, se trata de analizar los distintos tipos de violencia que se produjeron en el territorio tratando de poner de manifiesto las características de cada uno de ellos, su incidencia geográfica y social sin perder de vista el aspecto cuantitativo. Del mismo modo se ponen de manifiesto, a la luz de nuevas fuentes, procesos poco conocidos como el de la represión del clero guipuzcoano o la depuración de la Enseñanza Secundaria entre otros.

A vida por um trabalho: população estrangeira e ilegal na Espanha

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Márcia Siqueira de Carvalho

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Os dados do recenseamento revelaram um perfil da população estrangeira na Espanha, confirmaram algumas impressões e desfizeram outras. Eles refletem também a desigualdade na distribuição dos aumentos demográficos no território daquele país, com o destaque para a costa mediterrânea, a região da Catalunha (Nordeste do país e na cidade de Madri e arredores, enquanto houve perda populacional no interior e na região norte. O peso da população estrangeira na população total da Espanha cresceu de 7,0% em 2004 para 8,5% em 2005. Apesar da dificuldade na análise dos dados populacionais em relação aos estrangeiros legalizados e os ilegais, essa tendência não será revertida tão cedo. Setores da economia espanhola dependem da imigração, legal ou não. A Caixa Catalunya, entidade financeira desta comunidade autônoma, estimou que 50% do crescimento da PIB catalão nos últimos anos deve-se ao fenômeno da imigração.Les données du recensement ont révélé un profil de la population étrangère en Espagne, ont confirmé quelques impressions et en ont défait autres. Ils reflètent aussi l'inégalité dans la distribution des augmentations démographiques dans le territoire de ce pays, avec la prééminence de la côte méditerranéenne, de la Catalogne (Nord-est du pays et de la ville de Madrid et de sa banlieue, alors que l'intérieur et la région nord ont vu leur population décliner. Le poids de la population étrangère dans la population totale de l'Espagne a grandi de 7,0% dans 2004 à 8,5% en 2005. Malgré la difficulté de l'analyse des données démographiques concernant les étrangers légalisés et les illégaux, cette tendance ne se retournera pas de sitôt. Des secteurs de l'économie espagnole dépendent de l'immigration, légale ou non. La Caixa Catalunya, organisme financier de cette communauté indépendante, a estimé que 50% de la croissance du PIB catalan dans les dernières années est due au phénomène de l

Evolution of Advertising Communication in the Pre-war: Analysis of Federico Ribas’ Advertising Portfolio for Gal Fragrance House (1916-1936

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Eva Quintas-Froufe

2012-10-01

Full Text Available This article contains a study of 1,436 pieces of printed advertising which were illustrated by Federico Ribas Montenegro for the Gal Fragrance House between 1916 and 1936.Through the use of a double-level analysis –technical and figurative– some interesting findings concerning the narrative and iconography of the catalogued ads were obtained. By studying the discourse of the advertisements for a company who changed the history of advertising in Spain, one can see evidence of sociocultural changes as well as how advertising evolved from being an artisanal craft into a more technical and systematic industry as a result of the application of scientific principles.

The Slavery in Circassia and the United States (1850–1860-ies years: General and Special

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Mikhal Smigel

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The article provides a comparative analysis of slavery in Circassia and in the territory of the slave South in the United States in 1850–1860-ies years in the context of the fight against the slave trade and slavery in the world. The article discusses the Russian-American general trends for the prohibition of slavery and the slave trade. Among the materials are Russian and foreign archival sources, documents of personal origin (memoirs, diaries of travelers as well as scientific research. The methodological basis of historical-comparative study are the principles of objectivity and historicism, suggesting an unbiased approach to the analysis of the studied problems, a critical attitude to the sources, making judgments as a result of the analysis of a set of facts, and displays the slave of phenomena in the development and the context of the historical situation. In conclusion, the authors note that slavery and the slave position in the United States and the Circassia had their differences in 1850–1860-ies. Such differences included the inability of the transition to the United States from the status of a slave in the state of the dependent peasant, which was the norm in Circassia. In the United States the slaves were brought from outside, while in Circassia the slavery occurred in the region, mainly by trapping. At the root of discrimination in the United States was the racial principle, in Circassia this is based on the religious principle. The position of slaves had their similarities. A slave was powerless property of his master, there were certain unwritten rules governing the relationship, slave owners were reluctant to bring slaves to the extreme and etc. The important similarity between the US and Circassia was the presence of their territories with a strong slave system, where slaves constituted more than 30 % of the population. In the US, it was the territory of the slave-holding South, and in Circassia – the slaveholding Ubykhia.

La escolarización en la campaña bonaerense: un campo de disputas en la conformación del poder social (1850-1875

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Lucía Lionetti

2011-09-01

Full Text Available

Resumo

Neste artigo, abordam-se alguns aspectos da escolarização no cenário rural de Buenos Aires, entre as décadas de 1850 e 1870. Nesse contexto, cabia à educação a erradicação da barbárie, mediante o imperativo civilizador do mundo urbano. A escola tornou-se um campo de disputas entre vizinhos e autoridades estatais, ao mesmo tempo em que negociaram dando forma à outra configuração de poder social na província de Buenos Aires.

Palavras-chave: campanha bonaerense, escolas, disputas, vizinhos, autoridades.

Abstract

This article studies schooling in Buenos Aires‟ countryside between the 1850s and the 1870s designed as an education that was eradicating the barbarism by means of the imperative civilizer of the urban world. In this context, the school became a field of disputes between the neighbors and the state authorities challenged each other while at the same time they negotiated, thus generating a new structure of social power in the province.

Keywords: countryside, school, civilization, neighbors, authorities.

Resumen

En este artículo se estudia la escolarización en la campaña bonaerense entre los años cincuenta y setenta ideada como una educación que erradicara la barbarie mediante el imperativo civilizador del mundo urbano. En este contexto, la escuela devino en un campo de disputas entre vecinos y autoridades estatales que libraron enfrentamientos al tiempo que negociaron dando forma a un nuevo entramado de poder social en la provincia.

Palabras-clave: campaña bonaerense, escuelas, civilización, disputas, vecinos, autoridades.

Resumé

Dans cet article on étudie la scolarisation en campagne de Buenos Aires entre les années cinquante et soixante-dix imaginée comme une éducation qui éradiquait la barbarie au moyen de l'impératif civilisateur du monde urbain. Dans ce

[Rome: capital of an empire under the banner of political biology (1936-1942)].

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Vallejo, Gustavo

2012-01-01

This paper analyzes the symbolic conformation of Rome and Romanism as important factors in the affirmation of the power of fascism, especially after the proclamation of the Empire in 1936. Within this framework, it explores the role of science in legitimizing the direct correlation of this symbolic universe with a praxis that exalted racial superiority inherited from Ancient Rome. It investigates the links between the eugenic discourse and the exercise of power behind the "biology policy", including fascist organicism and racism. In fact, Rome was the essence of an empire that was reborn after fifteen centuries and, between its historical legacy and the new scenarios created by fascism for disciplining the population, Romanism had to condense all of the merits of the race, encouraging military conquests and promoting responsibility for maintaining racial purity and avoiding "unwanted miscegenation" with conquered peoples. The idea of Romanism also encouraged a continuation of the persecution of Jews started in Germany. Hence, science ratified a widespread idea of the Romanization as a crusade to impose a force, exaggerated on racial grounds, which integrated confidence in environmental factors with a crude biological determinism.

La formación inicial del profesorado en el Instituto-Escuela : 1918-1936

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Elías Ramírez Aisa

1994-01-01

Full Text Available La preparación científica y pedagógica previa al ejercicio regular de la función docente ha sido tema de preocupación desde que el estado burgués comenzase a ordenar el sistema educativo; y como sigue aún requiriendo análisis y reflexión, hemos querido sacar a la luz una experiencia de formación profesional desarrollada en España entre 1918 y 1936 con el fin de servir de confrontación con los métodos actuales empleados en la formación científica y didáctica. La cuestión es conocer cómo se organizó en el Instituto-Escuela la formación de quienes aspiraban a engrosar las cátedras de los Institutos y Escuelas Normales, así como ver si esta experiencia tuvo continuidad a través del aparato legislativo elaborado por la Segunda República. Naturalmente, estas cuestiones han sido tratadas en linea con el contexto histórico que vivió el Instituto-Escuela.

Católicos, devociones y sociedad durante la Dictadura de Primo de Rivera y la Segunda República. La Obra del Amor Misericordioso en España (1922-1936). [Reseña

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Illanes, J.L. (José Luis)

2009-01-01

Reseña de KM. REQUENA, Católicos, devociones y sociedad durante la Dictadura de Primo de Rivera y la Segunda República. La Obra del Amor Misericordioso en España (1922-1936), Biblioteca Nueva Madrid 2008, 359 pp., ISBN 978-84-9742-877-4.

New Insights into the Formation of the Blue Main Sequence in NGC 1850

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Yang, Yujiao; Li, Chengyuan; Deng, Licai; de Grijs, Richard; Milone, Antonino P.

2018-06-01

Recent discoveries of bimodal main sequences (MSs) associated with young clusters (with ages ≲1 Gyr) in the Magellanic Clouds have drawn a lot of attention. One of the prevailing formation scenarios attributes these split MSs to a bimodal distribution in stellar rotation rates, with most stars belonging to a rapidly rotating population. In this scenario, only a small fraction of stars populating a secondary blue sequence are slowly or non-rotating stars. Here, we focus on the blue MS in the young cluster NGC 1850. We compare the cumulative number fraction of the observed blue-MS stars to that of the high-mass-ratio binary systems at different radii. The cumulative distributions of both populations exhibit a clear anti-correlation, characterized by a highly significant Pearson coefficient of ‑0.97. Our observations are consistent with the possibility that blue-MS stars are low-mass-ratio binaries, and therefore their dynamical disruption is still ongoing. High-mass-ratio binaries, on the other hand, are more centrally concentrated.

Anthropogenic changes in the surface all-sky UV-B radiation through 1850-2005 simulated by an Earth system model

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Watanabe, S.; Takemura, T.; Sudo, K.; Yokohata, T.; Kawase, H.

2012-06-01

The historical anthropogenic change in the surface all-sky UV-B (solar ultraviolet: 280-315 nm) radiation through 1850-2005 is evaluated using an Earth system model. Responses of UV-B dose to anthropogenic changes in ozone and aerosols are separately evaluated using a series of historical simulations including/excluding these changes. Increases in these air pollutants cause reductions in UV-B transmittance, which occur gradually/rapidly before/after 1950 in and downwind of industrial and deforestation regions. Furthermore, changes in ozone transport in the lower stratosphere, which is induced by increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, increase ozone concentration in the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. These transient changes work to decrease the amount of UV-B reaching the Earth's surface, counteracting the well-known effect increasing UV-B due to stratospheric ozone depletion, which developed rapidly after ca. 1980. As a consequence, the surface UV-B radiation change between 1850 and 2000 is negative in the tropics and NH extratropics and positive in the SH extratropics. Comparing the contributions of ozone and aerosol changes to the UV-B change, the transient change in ozone absorption of UV-B mainly determines the total change in the surface UV-B radiation at most locations. On the other hand, the aerosol direct and indirect effects on UV-B play an equally important role to that of ozone in the NH mid-latitudes and tropics. A typical example is East Asia (25° N-60° N and 120° E-150° E), where the effect of aerosols (ca. 70%) dominates the total UV-B change.

Changing environments or shifting paradigms? Strategic decision making toward water protection in Helsinki, 1850-2000.

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Laakkonen, Simo; Laurila, Sari

2007-04-01

The study examines the history of strategic decision-making concerning water protection in Helsinki, 1850-2000. We identified five major strategic decisions that occurred during the study period. The results indicate that strategic decision-making evolves in long-term policy cycles that last on average 20-30 years. New policy cycles are caused by paradigm shifts. Paradigms are shared and predominant ways of understanding reality that help when groups must act to solve common and complex environmental problems. However the internal structure and external dynamics of paradigms are contradictory. Although paradigms serve initially as means to redefine problems and find creative solutions, as time goes by each paradigm seems to become also a barrier that restricts the introduction of new ways of thinking and acting. The power of paradigms lies in the fact that they can be defined as scientific but also social, political, or cultural agreements depending on the context.

La mosquée et le cimetière. Espaces du sacré et pouvoir symbolique à Constantine en 1936

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McDougall, James

2013-01-01

Cet essai propose une lecture de la signification d’un moment et d’un espace, vers la fin des années trente à Constantine. Deux épisodes d’affrontement entre acteurs de la société constantinoise autour du rassemblement de la communauté lors d’événements religieux (le retour des pèlerins, fêté à la Grande mosquée en avril 1936, et la zarda dite ‘de Sidi Aty’, célébrée en octobre dans le cimetière de la ville), rendent visible un ensemble d’enjeux et de conflits au sein de la société citadine à...

A new species of Leporinus Agassiz, 1829 from the upper Rio Paraná basin (Characiformes, Anostomidae with redescription of L. elongatus Valenciennes, 1850 and L. obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1837

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Heraldo A. Britski

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Leporinus obtusidens Valenciennes, 1837 and L. elongatus Valenciennes, 1850 are redescribed based on the type specimens, including those of their junior synonyms, and recently collected specimens. Leporinus obtusidens is considered to be widespread, occuring in the river drainages of La Plata, São Francisco, and Parnaíba. Leporinus aguapeiensis Campos, 1945, described from the upper Rio Paraná, and L. silvestrii Boulenger, 1902, described from the Rio Paraguay, are considered junior synonyms of L. obtusidens. Leporinus elongatus is endemic to the Rio Jequitinhonha and Rio Pardo, two eastern Brazilian river basins, and the locality cited for the lectotype, Rio São Fransico, likely to be erroneous. Leporinus crassilabris Borodin, 1929, and L. crassilabris breviceps Borodin, 1929, both described from the Rio Jequitinhonha, are considered junior synynoms of L. elongatus. A new species of Leporinus, endemic to the upper Rio Paraná, very similar and sometimes mistaken with L. obtusidens, is formally described. In addition, comments on Leporinus pachyurus Valenciennes, 1850 and on L. bimaculatus Castelnau, 1855 are provided, and a lectotype for L. bimaculatus is selected.

Two new species of Brueelia Kéler, 1936 (Ischnocera, Philopteridae parasitic on Neotropical trogons (Aves, Trogoniformes

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Michel Valim

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Two new species of Brueelia are described and illustrated. These new species and their type hosts are: Brueelia sueta ex Pharomachrus pavoninus (Spix, 1824, the Pavonine Quetzal and Brueelia cicchinoi ex Trogon viridis Linnaeus, the White-tailed Trogon. Both new species differ from the only Brueelia described on Trogon mexicanus by many morphological features, including those present in the male genitalia and female vulvar margin. Partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI gene for these two new species differ from one another by 13.6% uncorrected p-distance. Whereas B. cicchinoi is only 0.3% divergent from previously published COI sequences identified as Brueelia sp. from the Mexican T. melanocephalus Gould, 1936 and T. massena Gould, 1938. We also found B. cicchinoi on T. melanurus, T. collaris and Pharomachrus pavoninus. Thus B. cicchinoi is found on multiple trogoniform hosts across an extremely large geographic distribution and has one of the largest number of host associations among Brueelia species.

Two new species of Brueelia Kéler, 1936 (Ischnocera, Philopteridae) parasitic on Neotropical trogons (Aves, Trogoniformes).

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Valim, Michel P; Weckstein, Jason D

2011-01-01

Two new species of Brueelia are described and illustrated. These new species and their type hosts are: Brueelia sueta ex Pharomachrus pavoninus (Spix, 1824), the Pavonine Quetzal and Brueelia cicchinoi ex Trogon viridis Linnaeus, the White-tailed Trogon. Both new species differ from the only Brueelia described on Trogon mexicanus by many morphological features, including those present in the male genitalia and female vulvar margin. Partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene for these two new species differ from one another by 13.6% uncorrected p-distance. Whereas Brueelia cicchinoi is only 0.3% divergent from previously published COI sequences identified as Brueelia sp. from the Mexican Trogon melanocephalus Gould, 1936 and Trogon massena Gould, 1938. We also found Brueelia cicchinoi on Trogon melanurus, Trogon collaris and Pharomachrus pavoninus. Thus Brueelia cicchinoi is found on multiple trogoniform hosts across an extremely large geographic distribution and has one of the largest number of host associations among Brueelia species.

Tradition et modernité: un demi-siècle de sociabilité à Piura (1850-1900

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1994-01-01

Full Text Available L’auteur aborde ici un thème encore peu étudié par les historiens latino-américanistes : la sociabilité urbaine au XIXe siècle. Il dresse un panorama général de la vie collective - et plus particulièrement de la vie associative - à Piura entre 1850 et 1900, en se basant sur une série quasi continue de périodiques publiés localement à cette même époque, qui permettent de définir les principaux domaines d’activités publiques ainsi que les préoccupations majeures des citoyens de la ville (pratiques spirituelles entraide et bienfaisance lieux de réunion et de divertissement civisme et patriotisme vie politique. L’analyse de ces sources montre que si certaines formes de sociabilité trouvent leur origine dans la période coloniale et illustrent une relative continuité dans la tradition, d’autres correspondent à une capitale régionale en pleine mutation. En effet, à partir du milieu du XIXe siècle Piura reçoit de plus en plus de modèles extérieurs et s’adapte pour maintenir un certain équilibre entre les aspirations - parfois contradictoires - de ses habitants et la nécessité de répondre aux changements sociaux, culturels et économiques auxquels la collectivité est confrontée. Cette dernière n’est bien sûr pas constituée d’un bloc uniforme, et si presque tous les groupes sociaux paraissent représentés à travers ces associations et lieux de sociabilité, les différentes réponses apportées à une même préoccupation (l’entraide et la bienfaisance, par exemple peuvent varier considérablement selon le groupe considéré. En outre cette étude met en lumière les connexions et les interactions constatées entre des manifestations de sociabilité correspondant pourtant à des activités théoriquement distinctes. De même, elle souligne le rôle de cohésion sociale joué par certaines de ces manifestations (fête nationale cérémonies patriotiques meetings politiques célébrations religieuses

Sound insulation performance in Danish multi-storey housing 1850-2009 and upgrade possibilities to meet current regulations

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rasmussen, Birgit; Hoffmeyer, Dan

2013-01-01

to improve sound insulation in multi-storey housing. The paper quantifies dwellings built in different periods of 1850-2009 and summarizes key characteristics of building types and constructions as well as related sound insulation performance, some being far from fulfilling the limits in the latest Danish...... regulations. Sound insulation data from selected building types are presented, and improvement potential and feasibility based on benefits and drawbacks of different solutions are discussed. To include practical experience in development of solutions, several housing associations have been contacted, but even...... when carrying out major refurbishment work, focus is on energy issues, building maintenance and visual qualities, and sound insulation improvement almost never considered. Thus, it is clearly a challenge to change the mind-set of involved parties to apply a more holistic approach and include sound...

EL INDIGENISMO CARDENISTA Y LA RENOVACIÓN DE LA CLASE POLÍTICA CHIAPANECA (1936-1940

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Ma. Dolores París Pombo

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza las dos caras del indigenismo en Los Altos de Chiapas durante el gobierno de Efraín Gutiérrez (1936-1940 en el estado: por un lado, el indigenismo del gobierno federal, a través del Departamento de Asuntos Indígenas (DAI; por el otro, el del gobierno estatal, mediante el Departamento de Acción Social, Cultura y Protección Indígena (DASCPI. Mientras que el primero buscó la incursión de la acción política posrevolucionaria en regiones que seguían controladas por grupos locales de poder poco afines al presidente Lázaro Cárdenas, el segundo emprendió la transformación de las estructuras locales de poder para abrir las puertas a un sector mestizo e indígena originario de la región, que había sido hasta entonces marginado de los cargos públicos. Durante estos años, ese sector pasaría a renovar la clase política chiapaneca.  

Base de datos compraventas de cafetales y haciendas de café realizadas en el Valle Central de Costa Rica (1834-1850.

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Iván Molina Jiménez

2011-08-01

Full Text Available propiedades cafetaleras, realizadas en el Valle Central de Costa Rica entre 1834 y 1850, quefueron localizadas en los Protocolos Coloniales. La información está agrupada en dosarchivos: en el primero, “Cafetales”, constan todas las transacciones de terrenos sembradosparcial o totalmente de café, y que carecían de construcciones (excepto alguna galera orancho; en el segundo, “Haciendas”, figuran las de aquellas fincas que, además del cultivo delllamado grano de oro, incluían edificaciones como patios para procesarlo en seco, casas,beneficios y otras por el estilo.

The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936: a study to examine influences on cognitive ageing from age 11 to age 70 and beyond

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Whalley Lawrence J

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Cognitive ageing is a major burden for society and a major influence in lowering people's independence and quality of life. It is the most feared aspect of ageing. There are large individual differences in age-related cognitive changes. Seeking the determinants of cognitive ageing is a research priority. A limitation of many studies is the lack of a sufficiently long period between cognitive assessments to examine determinants. Here, the aim is to examine influences on cognitive ageing between childhood and old age. Methods/Design The study is designed as a follow-up cohort study. The participants comprise surviving members of the Scottish Mental Survey of 1947 (SMS1947; N = 70,805 who reside in the Edinburgh area (Lothian of Scotland. The SMS1947 applied a valid test of general intelligence to all children born in 1936 and attending Scottish schools in June 1947. A total of 1091 participants make up the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. They undertook: a medical interview and examination; physical fitness testing; extensive cognitive testing (reasoning, memory, speed of information processing, and executive function; personality, quality of life and other psycho-social questionnaires; and a food frequency questionnaire. They have taken the same mental ability test (the Moray House Test No. 12 at age 11 and age 70. They provided blood samples for DNA extraction and testing and other biomarker analyses. Here we describe the background and aims of the study, the recruitment procedures and details of numbers tested, and the details of all examinations. Discussion The principal strength of this cohort is the rarely captured phenotype of lifetime cognitive change. There is additional rich information to examine the determinants of individual differences in this lifetime cognitive change. This protocol report is important in alerting other researchers to the data available in the cohort.

Zur Geschichte der juristischen Methodenlehre zwischen 1850 und 1933

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Jan Schröder

2008-01-01

Full Text Available The legal methodology in Germany between 1850 and 1933 has not yet been satisfactorily presented. The author holds that the contemporary concept of law is the key to understanding this matter. In the second half of the 19th century the perception of law as a product of the legislator’s or the legal community’s will establishes itself against the historical school’s theory of persuasion. New concepts of statutes and customary law accord with this concept of law. Statutes are now seen as the expression of the will of the state. Neither the sense of justice nor the legal conviction are, as in the historical school, decisive for customary law, but intention and practice, with a subsequent sense of justice. Finally, judge-made law becomes a source of law, because, on the basis of the voluntaristic concept of law, older subsidiary sources such as natural law and academical law are no longer acknowledged. In this context judge-made law represents only the individual decision, but not a common judicial practice. Three types of voluntarism can be distinguished: a sociological, which attributes the law creating will to its social preconditions (Jhering, Heck, Ehrlich et al., an idealistic, which sees it as an attempt to create fair, »right« law (Stammler, Radbruch et al., and a »normative« type, which restricts itself to the wording of a law and rejects sociological and philosophical explanations (Kelsen. The effects of these differences can be seen, for example, in the theory of interpretation. The so called »subjective« interpretation theory is rooted in the sociological, whereas the »objective« is rooted in the idealistic type of voluntarism.

Hydrometeorological extremes at the Veselí nad Moravou estate (Czech Republic) in the period 1794-1850 derived from documentary evidence of the economic character

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Chromá, Kateřina

2010-05-01

Hydrometeorological extremes influenced always human activities (agriculture, forestry, water management) and caused losses of human lives and great material damage. Systematic meteorological and hydrological observations in the Czech Lands (recent Czech Republic) started generally in the latter half of the 19th century. In order to create long-term series of hydrometeorological extremes, it is necessary to search for other sources of information for their study before 1850. Such direct and indirect information about hydrometeorological extremes is included in documentary evidence (e.g. chronicles, memoirs, diaries, early visual weather observations, newspapers, economic sources etc.). Documentary evidence of economic character belongs to the most important sources, especially documents related to taxation records. Damage to agricultural crops on the fields or damage to hay on meadows due to the hydrological and meteorological phenomena has been a good reason for the abatement of tax duty. Based on the official correspondence of the estate of Veselí nad Moravou (southern Moravia), archival information about taxation from the Moravian Land Archives in Brno was excerpted. Based on it, 46 hydrometeorological extremes which occurred between the years 1794 and 1850 were selected and further analysed. Because of fields and meadows of the above estate were located along the Morava River, reports of damage due to floods were the most frequent, followed by damage due to torrential rains and hailstorms.

Rotylenchus Filipjev, 1936: Nematodo Fitoparásito Poco Común en Antioquia (Colombia y Apuntes sobre su Modo de Vida

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Voley Charles

1997-12-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo, se registra la presencia del nematodo fitoparásito Rotylenchus robustus (de Man, 1876 Filipjev, 1936 en suelos sembrados con clavel (Dianthus caryophillus y pompón (Dendranthema grandifolia en el departamento de Antioquia, Colombia, Algunas de sus principales características morfológicas son: L= 1.3 mm, Est= 42, a=29, b=7,4 y V= 57% en las hembras; y L= 1,2 mm, Est=41, a=29, b=6,1 y espículas de 39 de largo en los muchos. De otro lado, se discutieron algunos de sus aspectos bioecológicos y de paratisismo. Este registro es el primero para esta región y tal vez para el país.

Climate variability in Andalusia (southern Spain during the period 1701–1850 based on documentary sources: evaluation and comparison with climate model simulations

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J. P. Montávez Gómez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available In this work, a reconstruction of climatic conditions in Andalusia (southern Iberian Peninsula during the period 1701–1850, as well as an evaluation of its associated uncertainties, is presented. This period is interesting because it is characterized by a minimum in solar irradiance (Dalton Minimum, around 1800, as well as intense volcanic activity (for instance, the eruption of Tambora in 1815, at a time when any increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations was of minor importance. The reconstruction is based on the analysis of a wide variety of documentary data. The reconstruction methodology is based on counting the number of extreme events in the past, and inferring mean value and standard deviation using the assumption of normal distribution for the seasonal means of climate variables. This reconstruction methodology is tested within the pseudoreality of a high-resolution paleoclimate simulation performed with the regional climate model MM5 coupled to the global model ECHO-G. The results show that the reconstructions are influenced by the reference period chosen and the threshold values used to define extreme values. This creates uncertainties which are assessed within the context of climate simulation. An ensemble of reconstructions was obtained using two different reference periods (1885–1915 and 1960–1990 and two pairs of percentiles as threshold values (10–90 and 25–75. The results correspond to winter temperature, and winter, spring and autumn rainfall, and they are compared with simulations of the climate model for the considered period. The mean value of winter temperature for the period 1781–1850 was 10.6 ± 0.1 °C (11.0 °C for the reference period 1960–1990. The mean value of winter rainfall for the period 1701–1850 was 267 ± 18 mm (224 mm for 1960–1990. The mean values of spring and autumn rainfall were 164 ± 11 and 194 ± 16 mm (129 and 162 mm for 1960–1990, respectively. Comparison of the distribution

Ilustración arqueológica en los Andes (1850-1890

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Joanne Pillsbury

Full Text Available Resumen En términos generales, es posible trazar en las publicaciones europeas sobre los Andes una trayectoria histórica en el curso de cuatro siglos, desde un sistema de representación que está íntimamente atado – y afiliado – a la palabra escrita, a uno donde las imágenes se convierten en la razón de ser de la publicación. Esta trayectoria refleja el campo de la arqueología en sí mismo, desde sus orígenes en una tradición de anticuarios dominada por las preocupaciones filológicas durante los siglos XVI y XVII, al siglo XIX, donde las evidencias fotográficas ganan fuerza frente a las escritas. Este documento se centra en el pico de esta trayectoria: los atlas arqueológicos creados entre 1850 y 1890, en particular el trabajo de Wilhelm Reiss y Alphons Stübel y su publicación en tres volúmenes titulada “The necropolis of Ancon in Peru” (“La necrópolis de Ancón en el Perú”. El presente estudio analiza el papel de la ilustración arqueológica en la iluminación, la difusión y comprensión de un pasado pre-inca durante el siglo XIX, y en última instancia, cómo las imágenes dan forma a la construcción del conocimiento.

Late-life deficits in cognitive, physical and emotional functions, childhood intelligence and occupational profile: a life-course examination of the Aberdeen 1936 Birth Cohort (ABC1936).

Science.gov (United States)

Chapko, Dorota; Staff, Roger T; McNeil, Christopher J; Whalley, Lawrence J; Black, Corri; Murray, Alison D

2016-07-01

the 'triad of impairment' phenomenon describes the co-occurrence of age-related cognitive, emotional and physical functioning deficits. We investigated how occupational profile and childhood intelligence contribute to the triad of impairment in late life. we analysed data of a subsample of the Aberdeen Birth Cohort of 1936 (n = 346). Data were collected on participants' childhood intelligence, late-life cognitive ability, physical functioning, depressive symptoms and main lifetime occupation. We summarised the various occupational and impairment measures into two latent variables, 'occupational profile' and the 'triad of impairment'. We used a series of data reduction approaches and structural equation models (SEMs) of increasing complexity to test both the validity of the models and to understand causal relationships between the life-course risks for the triad of impairment. occupational profile had a significant effect on the triad of impairment independent of childhood intelligence. Childhood intelligence was the predominant influence on the triad of impairment and exerted its effect directly and indirectly via its influence on occupation. The direct effect of childhood intelligence exceeded the independent influence of the occupational profile on impairment by a factor of 1.7-1.8 and was greater by a factor of ∼4 from the indirect pathway (via occupation). childhood intelligence was the predominant influence on the triad of impairment in late life, independently of the occupational profile. Efforts to reduce impairment in older adults should be informed by a life-course approach with special attention to the early-life environment. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Vers un Nouveau Continent: A divulgação da bibliografia corbusiana na América do Sul, 1929-1965

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Mg. Arq. Piero Carapiá Lima Baptista

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Diversas investigações buscaram avaliar os impactos de Le Corbusier no meio profssional sul–americano. Muitas dessas centraram–se nas influencias de suas viagens a América do Sul (1929, 1936, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1951 e 1962; na divulgação do ideário corbusiano por arquitetos latino–americanos que realizaram estágios profssionais com Le Corbusier e; nos projetos propostos pelo Mestre para o continente. Outro caminho, pouco explorado, objeto deste artigo, será: por um lado, a análise dos artigos publicados nas revistas especializadas sul–americanas pelo próprio Le Corbusier ou por profssionais locais e; por outro lado, analisando a lógica das publicações dos livros de Le Corbusier (em espanhol e português, na qual profssionais vinculados a ele tiveram papel decisivo. No primeiro caso identifcamos: a relação entre a publicação de artigos e o interesse dos profssionais sul– americanos em temas específcos; a preocupação por adotar e adaptar as ideias corbusianas a cada realidade; a atitude crítica por parte dos profssionais sul–americanos; o interesse por manter–se «atualizados» sobre a obra do Mestre e; o intenso contato entre os diretores das diversas revistas. No segundo caso é possível entender o contexto e a importância da tradução dos livros de Le Corbusier, influenciando na escolha dos livros traduzidos e publicados.

De tierras de resguardo, solicitudes y querellas: participación política de indígenas caucanos en la construcción estatal (1850-1885)

OpenAIRE

Fernanda Muñoz

2015-01-01

Appeals to justice constituted one of the venues through which the indigenous people of the Cauca territory made themselves heard between 1850 and 1885 in the context of the Confederación Granadina and the United States of Colombia. By means of written legal memorials and representations, this population addressed government authorities either to request plots of land individually or to collectively defend their resguardo lands and communal property. The article maintains that said manifestat...

Female sexuality and historical time: a comparison of sexual biographies of German women born between 1895 and 1936.

Science.gov (United States)

von Sydow, K

1996-10-01

Ninety-one German women ages 50 to 91 years (birth cohorts: 1895 to 1936) were interviewed in-depth about their sexual development through the life span. This article presents the results on the historical change in female sexuality during childhood, puberty, and young marriage. The sample was divided into four subgroups, according to the year of birth, which were compared to each other. In contrast to the older groups, a higher percentage of women in the younger cohorts had experience in childhood sexual play, masturbation, "real" and faked orgasm, with historical time only having a slight influence on marital sexuality and fertility experiences. Data indicate that subjects born later were not only more experienced sexually but changed intraindividually more often in sexual matters, whereas the older women mostly "conserved" the sexual morals and habits learned in youth. Subjective sexual experience of the interviewees is illustrated by quotations.

Criminologia e Prisão: caminhos e desafios da pesquisa empírica no campo prisional

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Ana Gabriela Mendes Braga

2014-01-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo é um dos frutos da pesquisa de doutoramento “Reintegração social: discursos e práticas na prisão ‒ um estudo comparado”, na qual foram analisados alguns projetos desenvolvidos por entidades da sociedade civil em estabelecimentos prisionais de São Paulo e da Catalunha (Espanha. Para tanto, utilizou-se metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa, com o emprego de três métodos: entrevistas semidirigidas com os envolvidos direta e indiretamente com os projetos (voluntários, presos, diretores de entidades, funcionários da prisão; pesquisa documental (projetos, memoriais, manuais; e, relatos etnográficos produzidos a partir da observação in loco do trabalho desenvolvido pelas entidades selecionadas nos estabelecimentos prisionais. Neste paper, ganha destaque a questão do método em criminologia e as reflexões acerca da pesquisa empírica na prisão. Em uma pesquisa situada em um espaço tão hermético como a prisão, explicitar os caminhos de inserção do campo é um exercício que desvela os mecanismos de poder em funcionamento, e acaba por levar o pesquisador de volta ao objeto da própria tese. Afinal, muitos dos empecilhos e barreiras criadas para a entrada do pesquisador na prisão são os mesmos com que se deparam as entidades e pessoas da sociedade civil. Esse artigo é uma reflexão acerca dos caminhos e dos desafios vivenciados por aqueles que adentram o espaço prisional enfrentando o isolamento impostos por seus muros.

El impacto de la violencia anticlerical en la primavera de 1936 y la respuesta de las autoridades

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Álvarez Tardío, Manuel

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This paper examines the scope and characteristics of anticlerical violence between February and June 1936. Different primary sources have been used to reach an accurate and complete data as possible of such violence. First, we analyze the context in which this took place. Second, we present the data resulting from quantitative and qualitative research of anticlerical violence. And third, we discuss about the response to this phenomenon of various authorities. The article provides evidence that the anticlerical violence data that have been handled so far were fragmentary and did not provide the magnitude and general character which reached in the months immediately preceding the Civil War. It also shows that the government’s reaction was ambivalent. That attitude did not correspond with the promises the government made to the Nuncio in order to safeguard the legality. In many cases anti-clerical violence was the result of police passivity and it had the complicity of local authorities or groups related to the coalition that supported the government in the Congress.Este artículo analiza el alcance y las características de la violencia anticlerical en los meses de febrero a junio de 1936. Se han rastreado diferentes fuentes primarias para realizar una estadística lo más precisa y completa posible de esa violencia. Primero, se analiza el contexto en el que ésta tuvo lugar. Segundo, se presentan los datos resultantes de la investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa de la violencia anticlerical. Y tercero, se plantea cuál fue la respuesta de las diversas autoridades ante ese fenómeno. El artículo prueba que los datos sobre violencia anticlerical que se han manejado hasta ahora eran fragmentarios y no contemplaban la magnitud ni el carácter general que llegó a alcanzar en los meses inmediatamente anteriores a la Guerra Civil. Además, demuestra que la reacción del gobierno fue, como poco, ambivalente, no correspondiéndose con las promesas

The dielectric properties of human pineal gland tissue and RF absorption due to wireless communication devices in the frequency range 400-1850 MHz

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schmid, Gernot; Ueberbacher, Richard; Samaras, Theodoros; Tschabitscher, Manfred; Mazal, Peter R

2007-01-01

In order to enable a detailed analysis of radio frequency (RF) absorption in the human pineal gland, the dielectric properties of a sample of 20 freshly removed pineal glands were measured less than 20 h after death. Furthermore, a corresponding high resolution numerical model of the brain region surrounding the pineal gland was developed, based on a real human tissue sample. After inserting this model into a commercially available numerical head model, FDTD-based computations for exposure scenarios with generic models of handheld devices operated close to the head in the frequency range 400-1850 MHz were carried out. For typical output power values of real handheld mobile communication devices, the obtained results showed only very small amounts of absorbed RF power in the pineal gland when compared to SAR limits according to international safety standards. The highest absorption was found for the 400 MHz irradiation. In this case the RF power absorbed inside the pineal gland (organ mass 96 mg) was as low as 11 μW, when considering a device of 500 mW output power operated close to the ear. For typical mobile phone frequencies (900 MHz and 1850 MHz) and output power values (250 mW and 125 mW) the corresponding values of absorbed RF power in the pineal gland were found to be lower by a factor of 4.2 and 36, respectively. These results indicate that temperature-related biologically relevant effects on the pineal gland induced by the RF emissions of typical handheld mobile communication devices are unlikely

Tendencias de mortalidad relacionadas con causas alimentarias-nutricionales (1936-1998) y evolución del indicador antropométrico talla/edad (1988-1998) en Venezuela

OpenAIRE

Araujo Yaselli, Marian Margarita

2015-01-01

El trabajo que se presenta constituye una tesis doctoral desarrollada dentro de la línea de investigación sobre transición epidemiológica nutricional, enfocado hacia el análisis de tendencias de mortalidad relacionadas con factores alimentarios y nutricionales para el período 1936-1998 (Reconstructing long-term series) y el análisis de tendencias del indicador antropométrico Talla/Edad de niños de 7-14 años para el período 1988-1998, dentro del contexto de la institucionalización de la nutric...

Werner Kienzle (1936 – 2016)

CERN Multimedia

2016-01-01

Werner was born in Wiernsheim, a small town in Baden-Württemberg close to Stuttgart. His childhood was profoundly marked by the war and the death of his father on the German eastern front.   Despite life after the war being difficult for his family, he was very successful in his academic studies and earned a fellowship at the University of Göttingen, where he did his PhD in solid-state physics. Werner joined CERN in 1964 as a post-doc fellow and he remained at the Organization for his entire career in experimental particle physics. Concerned and eager for peace in the tense context of the cold war, he was deeply involved in collaboration with Russian colleagues and participated in experiments in Serpukhov from 1968 to 1972. Back at CERN, his work concentrated on the search for experimental evidence of the presence of quarks in hadrons. He was among the main initiators of the NA3 experiment at the SPS that measured the structure functions of the pions: the results indicated a cro...

Política y Administración Provincial. La Diputación de Sevilla durante la Dictadura de Primo de Rivera y la II República (1923-1936).

OpenAIRE

Ponce Alberca, Julio

2016-01-01

Desde la perspectiva de fines del siglo XX, los regímenes políticos de la España de los años veinte y treinta aparecen como una secuencia de ensayos en respuesta a la profunda crisis sufrida por el sistema de la Restauración (1876-1923). Bajo ese enfoque, la Segunda República (1931-1936) se nos muestra inscrita en el esfuerzo por encontrar una nueva alternativa tras el fracaso de la Dictadura primorriverista (1923-1930) y las dictablandas del genera...

The Civil War in Spain, 1936-1939 and the Image of Enemy in the British Fascist Press

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Vera V. Malay

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the analysis of publications of British Fascists newspapers 'Action' and 'The Blackshirt' during the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939. The main directions of image of enemy formation are studied on the example of these papers. Forms of presentation and ways of international problems interpreting by far-right publications are studied. The fascist newspaper Action, The Fascist Week and The Blackshirt spoke from the position of nationalism, Imperial identity, anti-liberalism, anti-Soviet and anti-Semitism. The concept of "communism" in the pages of the fascist press has accumulated the most precisely the image of enemy. Articles and notes shaped confusion between "Soviet", "red" and "Communist". The USSR seemed to be "the warmonger" and the "architect of the Civil war in Spain". The destructive role of Soviet Russia in the conflict was proved in the British fascist press. Soviet Union was accused of seeking to plunge Spain and Europe into anarchy. In British fascist publications trend towards stereotyping and myth-making were noticeable, they were opposed to "Western" civilization (as individualistic and "Eastern", "Communist" (oppressive, traditionalist.

Hacia una biblioteca electrónica textual del teatro en español de 1868-1936 (BETTE

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José Calvo Tello

2015-12-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-9288.2015v11n2p171 En este artículo se presenta el proyecto BETTE que consiste en la creación de una biblioteca electrónica textual del teatro en español de 1868-1936. Este proyecto lo lleva a cabo el grupo GHEDI (Grupo de Humanidades y edición digital de la Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR. El texto presenta un breve panorama de los cambios introducidos por el impacto de lo digital en el ámbito de la edición textual y  ofrece un estado de la cuestión de los proyectos que actualmente desarrollan las bibliotecas electrónicas que utilizan XML-TEI para codificar textos electrónicos. Asimismo, en él se presta atención  a los llamados lenguajes de marcado y se presentan algunas características de TEI (Text Encoding Initiative. Finalmente, se describen las particularidades de nuestro proyecto, objetivos y primeros avances.

Risicoanalyse voor buisleidingen met brandbare vloeistoffen

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Vliet AAC; Laheij GMH; Wolting AG; CEV

2006-01-01

De minimale veiligheidsafstanden tussen buisleidingen met brandbare vloeistoffen en bebouwingen kunnen gelijk blijven of iets verkleind worden. Dit is de conclusie na een herberekening van de afstanden uit een circulaire uit 1991. In Nederland ligt zo'n 1850 kilometer aan ondergrondse buisleiding

La demanda de textiles de las familias castellanas a finales del antiguo régimen, 1750-1850: ¿aumento del consumo sin industrialización?

OpenAIRE

Ramos Palencia, Fernando

2003-01-01

Editada en la Fundación SEPI En este artículo se estudia la demanda de textiles por parte de las familias castellanas de la provincia de Palencia entre 1750 y 1850. A partir de un análisis sistemático de inventarios post mortem, se constata un aumento en el consumo de bienes textiles que afectó a todas las capas sociales ubicadas tanto en entornos urbanos como rurales. No obstante, existían una serie de límites al desarrollo de la demanda y del consumo: pervivencia de crisis...

ADRB2, brain white matter integrity and cognitive ageing in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.

Science.gov (United States)

Lyall, Donald M; Lopez, Lorna M; Bastin, Mark E; Maniega, Susana Muñoz; Penke, Lars; Valdés Hernández, Maria del C; Royle, Natalie A; Starr, John M; Porteous, David J; Wardlaw, Joanna M; Deary, Ian J

2013-01-01

The non-synonymous mutations arg16gly (rs1042713) and gln27glu (rs1042714) in the adrenergic β-2 receptor gene (ADRB2) have been associated with cognitive function and brain white matter integrity. The current study aimed to replicate these findings and expand them to a broader range of cognitive and brain phenotypes. The sample used is a community-dwelling group of older people, the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. They had been assessed cognitively at age 11 years, and undertook further cognitive assessments and brain diffusion MRI tractography in older age. The sample size range for cognitive function variables was N = 686-765, and for neuroimaging variables was N = 488-587. Previously-reported findings with these genetic variants did not replicate in this cohort. Novel, nominally significant associations were observed; notably, the integrity of the left arcuate fasciculus mediated the association between rs1042714 and the Digit Symbol Coding test of information processing speed. No significant associations of cognitive and brain phenotypes with ADRB2 variants survived correction for false discovery rate. Previous findings may therefore have been subject to type 1 error. Further study into links between ADRB2, cognitive function and brain white matter integrity is required.

Child mental hygiene and psychoanalysis at the clinic of conduct, Santiago de Chile, 1936-1938

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Silvana Vetö

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Taking stance in a situated perspective, this article looks into one of the first Chilean state initiatives aimed at the study and care of child psyche. This institution that has not yet been explored by specialized literature: the Clinic of Conduct, founded in the city of Santiago in 1936 as part of the Special School of Development, which was created in the context of a the Educational Reform of 1928. The Clinic of Conduct launched a state managed mental hygiene programme that included psychoanalysis as its main reference at a time when psychoanalysis was not yet a regular reference in the local medical world. We are thus interested in analysing context in which this initiatives were created and the ways in which mental hygiene and psychoanalysis were appropriated and used in an institution in which the principal interest was not the defence or legitimation of a singular theory, but the approach to specific social problems such as child delinquency and education. Some characteristics of the history of psy knowledges in Chile emerge from this study, showing how they unfold on the scenario of social problems and how they relate to other disciplines and practices such as criminology and pedagogy.

Parametri za procena na kvalitetot na polietilenska i na polipropilenska ambalaza i na gumeni zatvoraci nameneti za farmacevtski preparati

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Liljana Ugrinova

2002-03-01

Full Text Available Napraven e pregled na parametrite za procena na kvalitetot na polietilenska i na polipropilenska ambalaza i na gumeni zatvoraci nameneti za farmacevtski preparati. Za procena na kvalitetot na ispituvaniot materijal bea izvrseni fizicki, hemiski i bioloski ispituvanja spored postapkite dadeni vo Ph. Eur., DIN i spored DIN ISO standardite. Baranjata za kvalitet na ovoj vid ambalaza propisani spored Ph. Eur., DIN i DIN ISO standardite se razlikuvaat vo odnos na predvidenite parametri za fizicki, za hemiski i za bioloski ispituvanja. Isto taka, propisani se i razlicni granici na dozvoleno otstapuvanje na oddelni parametri.

Chinese translation of English textbooks on internal medicine from the 1850s to the 1940s.

Science.gov (United States)

Hong, Chuang-Ye; Wang, Fu-Mei

2014-06-01

During the 100 years from 1850 to 1949, six English textbooks on internal medicine were translated into Chinese and published. Publication of these books was a response to the increased demand for Chinese textbooks after the opening of several Western-style hospitals and medical schools in China where the instruction was in Chinese. Throughout this period, textbooks translated from English were regarded as symbols of mainstream and authority within medical communities in China. There was a shift of translators from British and American medical missionaries to Chinese medical elites. Publishers also changed from missionary hospitals or missionary organizations to the Chinese Medical Association, which was led by ethnic Chinese. After the 1950s, translation activity continued in Taiwan, but it was halted in China until after the Cultural Revolution. This paper provides bibliographic information about these books. The transition of medical authority in China during this 100-year period is also reviewed through the successive publication of translated textbooks on internal medicine. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

The Vietnamese Scholarship at the Turn of the Millennium: A Study of the Pioneering Works of Gustave Emile Dumoutier (1850–1904

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Phong Nguyen

2018-05-01

Full Text Available As East-West contacts led to tumultuous times, the old culture tended to fade out as a new one arose. This changed not only the social system but also the way of thinking of many in the affected countries, particularly scholars. While traditional culture is proudly honored in Asian societies, the resulting changes and adaptations from Western contact often led to humiliation, dishonor, conflicts, and social disturbances. Taking Vietnam as the example, this essay examines the works of one of the earliest French scholars and colonial administrators, Gustave Dumoutier (1850–1904, to understand how the colonial educational system affected artistic and academic disciplines and changed the intellectual order in the country forever.

De tierras de resguardo, solicitudes y querellas: participación política de indígenas caucanos en la construcción estatal (1850-1885)

OpenAIRE

Muñoz, Fernanda

2015-01-01

Apelar a la justicia constituyó una de las vías a través de las cuales los indígenas del territorio caucano, entre 1850 y 1885 -en el contexto de la Confederación Granadina y los Estados Unidos de Colombia-, se hicieron escuchar. Por medio de memoriales y representaciones, esta población se dirigió a las instancias gubernativas para solicitar fracciones de terreno a título individual o defender sus tierras de resguardo y bienes comunales. Aquí se sostiene que dichas manifestaciones constituye...

Delegaciones y oficinas de prensa españolas en el extranjero durante el primer franquismo: el caso francés (1936-1942

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Antonio César MORENO CANTANO

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Francia fue uno de los enclaves más importantes de la propaganda franquista en Europa durante los años de la Guerra Civil española y la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En el presente artículo analizaremos las características generales que presentaron las Delegaciones y Oficinas de Prensa y Propaganda españolas en el extranjero durante 1936-1945. Posteriormente, dirigiremos nuestra atención a Francia, analizando el importante papel que desarrollaron en ese país los carlistas, falangistas y catalanistas franquistas de Cambó. Estudiaremos, en definitiva, las iniciativas que se acometieron desde Francia en beneficio de la España franquista y las adversidades que en el logro de tal objetivo tuvieron que superar, tanto externas como internas. hðF

76 FR 31310 - Notice of Submission for OMB Review

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-31

... practices and student outcomes to inform future rigorous evaluation of strategies to improve language and... collection of information, including the validity of the methodology and assumptions used; (3) Enhance the... Childhood Language Development (ECLD) OMB Control Number: 1850-0871 Agency Form Number(s): N/A Frequency of...

Načrtovan porod na domu

OpenAIRE

Todorović, Tamara; Takač, Iztok

2017-01-01

Izhodišča: Porod na domu je sicer star toliko kot človeštvo, pa vendar v veliki večini srednje in visoko razvitih držav prevladuje mnenje, da so zaradi nepredvidljivosti zapletov porodnišnice najbolj varno okolje za rojevanje. Kljub temu obstaja peščica držav, v katerih je porod na domu integriran v sistem zdravstvenega varstva (npr. Nizozemska, Velika Britanija, Kanada). Pri porodih na domu ločimo nenačrtovane in načrtovane porode na domu, slednje pa lahko nadalje razdelimo še na porode s sp...

Cuba: el Diario de La Marina, los «misioneros de Mussolini» y la intelectualidad cubana proitaliana durante el segundo conflicto ítalo-abisinio (1935-1936

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Alberto Consuegra Sanfiel

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The Second Italo-Abyssinian conflict (1935-1936 triggered a strong social polarization worldwide. Inside and outside Africa, Abyssinia (now Ethiopia found many expressions of support in defense of its freedom and displays of respect as a member state of the League of Nations since 1923, while in many places voices in favor of fascism supported armed aggression. This article is an outline of the main criteria used by a small group of Havanan Cuban intellectuals committed to the pro-fascist Italian emigration as it turned out to be the closest example –although not the most representative one– of the support Mussolini had in some American nations.

Agricultura e mercado de trabalho: trabalhadores brasileiros livres nas fazendas de café e na construção de ferrovias em São Paulo, 1850-1890

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Maria Lúcia Lamounier

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo examina o emprego de trabalhadores brasileiros livres em diversas atividades nas fazendas de café e na construção de ferrovias em São Paulo na segunda metade do século XIX. A historiografia sobre o tema ressalta, em geral, a ausência/marginalidade dos trabalhadores nacionais na economia agroexportadora, seja assumindo a exclusão dos trabalhadores brasileiros considerados "vadios" e "indolentes" pela sociedade contemporânea, seja privilegiando os aspectos culturais desse grupo de população que resistia em se submeter aos novos moldes de dominação e padrões de eficiência e disciplina impostos neste momento de transição para o trabalho livre. Destacando o engajamento dos trabalhadores brasileiros nas mais diversas tarefas dos dois setores e a peculiaridade do emprego nessa economia rural baseada no trabalho escravo, o texto argumenta que, na verdade, era justamente a incapacidade da agricultura de gerar emprego durante todo o ano que produzia um padrão de instabilidade e mobilidade geográfica no mercado de trabalho rural, irregularidade/instabilidade que muitos identificavam como ociosidade e justificavam o recurso a legislações repressivas.This article examines the engagement of Brazilian workers in several tasks in railway building and coffee plantations in São Paulo during the second half of the nineteenth century. In general, most of historiography argues that nacionais lived a marginal existence, either due to the prejudice of contemporary Brazilian society against free poor people, invariably presented as "indolent", "vagrant" and "lazy"; or to the free people´s resistance to the shift from cultural practices based on traditional values, to a more disciplined, methodical labour life. In contrast to these views, first, this article stresses the presence of Brazilian workers in the activities of both railway building and coffee plantations. Second, the article maintains that, in fact, it was the failure of

Observed and simulated precipitation responses in wet and dry regions 1850–2100

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Chunlei; Allan, Richard P

2013-01-01

Global warming is expected to enhance fluxes of fresh water between the surface and atmosphere, causing wet regions to become wetter and dry regions drier, with serious implications for water resource management. Defining the wet and dry regions as the upper 30% and lower 70% of the precipitation totals across the tropics (30° S–30° N) each month we combine observations and climate model simulations to understand changes in the wet and dry regions over the period 1850–2100. Observed decreases in precipitation over dry tropical land (1950–2010) are also simulated by coupled atmosphere–ocean climate models (−0.3%/decade) with trends projected to continue into the 21st century. Discrepancies between observations and simulations over wet land regions since 1950 exist, relating to decadal fluctuations in El Niño southern oscillation, the timing of which is not represented by the coupled simulations. When atmosphere-only simulations are instead driven by observed sea surface temperature they are able to adequately represent this variability over land. Global distributions of precipitation trends are dominated by spatial changes in atmospheric circulation. However, the tendency for already wet regions to become wetter (precipitation increases with warming by 3% K −1 over wet tropical oceans) and the driest regions drier (precipitation decreases of −2% K −1 over dry tropical land regions) emerges over the 21st century in response to the substantial surface warming. (letter)

Lekens alternativa geografi. Om Zacharias Topelius bidrag i Eos på 1850-talet

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Widhe, Olle

2014-12-01

Full Text Available In the history of Nordic children’s literature the Swedish speaking Finnish author Zacharias Topelius (1818–1898 is not only recognized for developing a new form of realism but also for his fictional rascal, Walter. His eight stories about the mischievous Walter, “Walters Äfwentyr” (1855–1856, originally published in the Finnish magazine Eos, is thus considered to be the first children’s stories in Swedish that articulate the child as an unruly but good-hearted character. This essay, however, shows that the development of Topelian realism, and the emergence of the rascal and villain in the Nordic literature for children during the 1850s, is closely connected to the depiction of children’s play. In many of the stories published in Eos Topelius returns to the portrayal of young boys playing soldiers. In this way he positions the spirited fantasy of children in opposition to the adult world of order and seriousness. This alternative geography of play creates a space for the child’s perspective, and does it in a mode that resembles the realism of the forerunner Olof Fryxell (1806–1900. Topelius’ representation of play nevertheless seems to stand in opposition to the adult world in a more explicit way. It conveys the imaginings of unruly and playful boyhood masculinity as a means to achieve the seriousness of the adult middle-class male.

Historical nitrogen fertilizer use in agricultural ecosystems of the contiguous United States during 1850-2015: application rate, timing, and fertilizer types

Science.gov (United States)

Cao, Peiyu; Lu, Chaoqun; Yu, Zhen

2018-06-01

A tremendous amount of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) fertilizer has been applied to agricultural lands to promote crop production in the US since the 1850s. However, inappropriate N management practices have caused numerous ecological and environmental problems which are difficult to quantify due to the paucity of spatially explicit time-series fertilizer use maps. Understanding and assessing N fertilizer management history could provide important implications for enhancing N use efficiency and reducing N loss. In this study, we therefore developed long-term gridded maps to depict crop-specific N fertilizer use rates, application timing, and the fractions of ammonium N (NH4+-N) and nitrate N (NO3--N) used across the contiguous US at a resolution of 5 km × 5 km during the period from 1850 to 2015. We found that N use rates in the US increased from 0.22 g N m-2 yr-1 in 1940 to 9.04 g N m-2 yr-1 in 2015. Geospatial analysis revealed that hotspots for N fertilizer use have shifted from the southeastern and eastern US to the Midwest, the Great Plains, and the Northwest over the past century. Specifically, corn in the Corn Belt region received the most intensive N input in spring, followed by the application of a large amount of N in fall, implying a high N loss risk in this region. Moreover, spatial-temporal fraction of NH4+-N and NO3--N varied largely among regions. Generally, farmers have increasingly favored ammonia N fertilizers over nitrate N fertilizers since the 1940s. The N fertilizer use data developed in this study could serve as an essential input for modeling communities to fully assess N addition impacts, and improve N management to alleviate environmental problems. Datasets used in this study are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.883585" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.883585.

Sports and the visual structure of El Debate (1910-1936. The switch to the horizontal layout

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Laura González-Díez, Ph.D.

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Since the late 19th century some new topics were integrated in the general information Spanish newspapers stimulated by the new ways of doing journalism that were offered by the new information technologies applied to the production of newspapers. One of the topics that was most welcome by the general public and caused new presentation layouts in newspapers was sport. And one of the first general information newspapers that dedicated not only great space but also typographical and formal attention to sport was El Debate (Madrid, 1910-1936. A structural and instrumental analysis of each piece of sport news published during the 26 years of history of the newspaper has shown that El Debate grouped the pieces of sport news in the same page and in 1922 began publishing a full page of sport information in a weekly basis. Moreover, already since 1919, El Debate started using two-column wide headlines instead of just one-column wide headlines. Thus, the sport pages of El Debate pioneered the gradual abandon of the vertical layout in order to break the column alleys with headlines and pictures, which became a constant feature from the 1920s until the end of the newspaper.

Lenguaje e identidad colectiva en Buñuel. Propaganda en el filme «España 1936» Language and Collective Identity in Buñuel. Propaganda in the Film «España 1936»

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Francisco Javier Ruiz del Olmo

2010-10-01

Full Text Available En la memoria colectiva de los europeos, la Guerra Civil española ocupa un lugar destacado. El lenguaje cinematográfico y la representación fílmica de esa contienda forman un ámbito relevante en el que estudiar algunos rasgos de la matriz cultural europea. El presente trabajo selecciona parte de la producción fílmica de propaganda del gobierno republicano, en concreto los filmes de montaje supervisados por Luis Buñuel. Al inicio de la contienda el cineasta aragonés vuelve a París siguiendo las indicaciones del Ministerio español de Asuntos Exteriores para colaborar, en la embajada española en la capital francesa, en diversas labores de contraespionaje y propaganda. Entre ellas y principalmente, Buñuel se ocupa de reunir, organizar y montar diverso material fílmico prorrepublicano. A diferencia de otras producciones proyectadas en España, los filmes parisinos de propaganda republicana se caracterizaron, en términos generales, por estar dirigidas a públicos de distintos países europeos con el objetivo de romper la doctrina de no intervención en el conflicto y se inscriben dentro de las teorías y concepción de Buñuel sobre el documentalismo filmado, donde primaba lo reflexivo y los recursos psicológicos que motivaran a la acción o a la toma de conciencia individual. El presente texto se ocupa, en ese contexto, de la descripción y el análisis del lenguaje y las prácticas fílmicas en esos años. De todas ellas, el filme «España, 1936» (1937, es a la vez un ejemplo emblemático y singular.The Spanish Civil War occupies an important place in the European collective memory. The film language and depiction of that conflict provide an important platform from which to study certain features of the European cultural matrix. This paper examines propaganda films produced by the Republican government, especially those films produced under the supervision of Luis Buñuel, the Spanish surrealist filmmaker. At the start of the war

La observación en la palabra. La función de los experimentos imaginarios en el desarrollo de la física cuántica. 1927-1936

OpenAIRE

Ruiz Sosa, Eduardo Martín

2012-01-01

La presente investigación aborda la función de los experimentos imaginarios en la física cuántica entre los años de 1927 y 1936. Dos han sido los objetivos principales: (1) la realización de una detallada historiografía crítica de todos los experimentos imaginarios que pertenecen al periodo en cuestión y (2) la implicación directa de los experimentos imaginarios en la formulación del concepto de entrelazamiento (entanglement), acuñado en 1935 por el físico austriaco Erwin Schrödinger. Mediant...

Las bibliotecas populares en la correspondencia de Juan Vicéns a Lulu Jourdain y Hernando Viñes (1933-1936

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Ramón Salaberría

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Análisis de la correspondencia del bibliotecario Juan Vicéns (1895-1959 a sus amigos Lulu Jourdain y Hernando Viñes. Las 55 cartas analizadas fueron escritas entre abril de 1933 y septiembre de 1936. En ese tiempo republicano, Juan Vicéns ejerce como inspector de las Bibliotecas Públicas Municipales y de las de Misiones Pedagógicas, oposita al Cuerpo Facultativo de Archiveros, Bibliotecarios y Arqueólogos, toma parte en el II Congreso Internacional de Bibliotecas y Bibliografía, presenta su tesis doctoral y organiza las bibliotecas de Cultura Popular. Bibliotecario y comunista, se interesa por las nuevas bibliotecas populares soviéticas (y estadounidenses, inglesas y danesas, por la aplicación del sistema de clasificación decimal en Rusia y por las bibliotecas proletarias abiertas por los sindicatos y organizaciones juveniles en España

Glaciers in South Tyrol 1850 - 2006: application of Airborne Laser Scanner data, orthophotos and historical maps for the acquisition of recent and the reconstruction of past glacier extents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knoll, C. C.

2009-01-01

In the densely populated high mountain areas of the Alps, glaciers are an important part of the cultural and natural landscape. During the warm summer months they are among the most important freshwater resources for economy sectors such as agriculture or industry, an important component for the tourism industry and of great significance for the production of energy from hydropower. However, they also constitute a potential cause of natural hazards. Due to their direct linkage to temperature and precipitation, glaciers are characterized as one of the best natural climate indicators. For that reason, mountain glaciers have become a key symbol for the ongoing discussion about climate, climate changes and the resulting consequences because their reactions can easily be observed and visualized. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the regional South Tyrolean glacier development through a reconstruction and analysis of the glacier changes that have occurred since the climax of the Little Ice Age at around 1850. Glacier inventories, fieldwork and GIS-assisted reconstructions of historical and calculation of recent glacier topographies are used to depict, analyze and visualize the changes of the South Tyrolean glaciers between the maximum extent of approximately 1850 and the inventories of 1997 and 2006. In a comparison of recent, highly accurate glacier topographies mapped with ALS-methods (Airborne Laser Scanner) with a reconstruction of the Little Ice Age maximum South Tyrolean glaciers were detected to have lost 183.2 km 2 or 66% of their glacier cover in approximately the last 150 years. This comparison also showed a loss in glacier volume of 9 km 3 between 1850 and 2006, which corresponds to a mean ice thickness change of -49 m. These drastic losses in the glacier covered area and volume, which are mainly visible on the glacier tongues of large valley glaciers like Langtauferer- and Suldenferner, clearly show

Trends in income and price elasticities of transport demand (1850–2010)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fouquet, Roger

2012-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to estimate trends in income and price elasticities and to offer insights for the future growth in transport use, with particular emphasis on the impact of energy and technological transitions. The results indicate that income and price elasticities of passenger transport demand in the United Kingdom were very large (3.1 and −1.5, respectively) in the mid-nineteenth century, and declined since then. In 2010, long run income and price elasticity of aggregate land transport demand were estimated to be 0.8 and −0.6. These trends suggest that future elasticities related to transport demand in developed economies may decline very gradually and, in developing economies, where elasticities are often larger, they will probably decline more rapidly as the economies develop. Because of the declining trends in elasticities, future energy and technological transitions are not likely to generate the growth rates in energy consumption that occurred following transitions in the nineteenth century. Nevertheless, energy and technological transitions, such as the car and the airplane, appear to have delayed and probably will delay declining trends in income and price elasticity of aggregate transport demand. - Highlights: ► Estimates trends in income and price elasticities of aggregate UK land transport demand (1850–2010). ► Income and price elasticities were very large in late 1800s and declined since then. ► In 2010, they were estimated to be 0.8 and −0.6. ► Future elasticities are likely to decline gradually in developed economies and faster in developing economies. ► Energy transitions may delay the decline in elasticities.

Laços de sociabilidade, filantropia e o Hospital do Câncer do Rio de Janeiro (1922-1936) Ties of sociability, philanthropy, and the Cancer Hospital in Rio de Janeiro (1922-1936)

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Gisele Sanglard

2010-01-01

Este artigo tem por objetivo estudar a construção do Hospital do Câncer na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a partir de uma análise das ações e dos grupos sociais envolvidos com a filantropia na cidade, durante a Primeira República. Para tal, apresenta-se um estudo prosopográfico inicial dessa elite, apontando para sua configuração na criação da instituição. Um segundo recorte refere-se às ações filantrópicas de Guilherme Guinle nesse período.The article explores construction of the Cancer Hospital ...

Les interdits hors la loi : la répression institutionnelle et médicale de la sexualité (1850-1930 Interdictions outside the Law: Institutional and Medical Repression of Sexuality (1850-1930

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Patrick Pognant

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Hors la sexualité à but procréatif, tout comportement sexuel a été considéré par les médecins comme pathologie et par les moralistes comme des crimes contre la morale. Bien que la masturbation et l’homosexualité ne fussent pas considérés comme un délit et un crime par le Code pénal français, elles furent cependant envisagées comme des interdits moraux et, notamment entre 1850 et 1930, elles furent réprimées par tous les acteurs de la société (clercs, liqueurs, religieux, policiers, juges, enseignants, parents… et par le corps médical (au premier rang desquels les psychiatres. Ce phénomène répressif a touché tous les pays occidentaux, y compris les Etats-Unis, à des degrés divers (le Code pénal allemand, par exemple, était beaucoup plus répressif que le Code pénal français sur ce sujet.De nombreux psychiatres se sont mués en auxiliaires de justice en favorisant la comparution d’homosexuels et de masturbateurs devant les tribunaux. La psychiatrie occidentale de cette époque se caractérise sur le plan de la sexualité comme une psychiatrie de l’erreur qui va muer en une psychiatrie de l’horreur en mettant au point un arsenal monstrueux à la fois technologique (corsets, camisoles et cages de contention… et thérapeutique (infibulation, cautérisation, circoncision à vif, castration…. Nos sociétés contemporaines portent encore les stigmates de cette période noire durant laquelle médecine et justice ont agi de concert pour médicaliser et punir les comportements sexuels s’écartant de la norme.Apart from sexuality with a procreative aim, sexual behaviour as such was considered, by physicians, as pathological and, by the moralists, as crimes against morality. Although masturbation and homosexuality were not regarded as a criminal offence or even as a crime by the French criminal code, however they were considered as the object of a moral interdiction and, particularly between 1850 and 1930

Historical Agricultural Nitrogen Fertilizer Management in the Contiguous United States during 1850-2015.

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Lu, C.; Cao, P.; Yu, Z.

2017-12-01

The United States has a century-long history of managing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) fertilizer to booster the crop production. Accurate characterization of N fertilizer use history could provide essential implications for N use efficiency (NUE) enhancement and N loss reduction. However, a spatially explicit time-series data remains lacking to describe how N fertilizer use varied among crop types, regions, and time periods. In this study, we therefore developed long-term gridded N management maps depicting N fertilizer application rate, timing, and ratio of fertilizer forms in nine major crops (i.e. corn, soybean, winter wheat, spring wheat, cotton, sorghum, rice, barley, and durum wheat) in the contiguous U.S. at a resolution of 1 km × 1 km during 1850-2015. We found that N application rates of the U.S. increased by approximately 34 times since 1940. Nonetheless, spatial analysis revealed that N-use hotspots have shifted from the West and Southeast to the Midwest and the Great Plains since 1900. Specifically, corn of the Corn Belt region received the most intensive N input in spring, followed by large N application amount in fall, implying a high N loss risk in this region. Moreover, spatiotemporal patterns of NH4+/NO3- ratio varied largely among regions. Generally, farmers have increasingly favored NH4+-form fertilizers over NO3- fertilizers since the 1940s. The N fertilizer use data developed in this study could serve as an essential input for modeling communities to fully assess the N addition impacts, and improve N management to alleviate environmental problems.

Caffeine consumption and cognitive function at age 70: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study.

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Corley, Janie; Jia, Xueli; Kyle, Janet A M; Gow, Alan J; Brett, Caroline E; Starr, John M; McNeill, Geraldine; Deary, Ian J

2010-02-01

To investigate the association between caffeine consumption and cognitive outcomes in later life. Participants were 923 healthy adults from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 Study, on whom there were intelligence quotient (IQ) data from age 11 years. Cognitive function at age 70 years was assessed, using tests measuring general cognitive ability, speed of information processing, and memory. Current caffeine consumption (using multiple measures of tea, coffee, and total dietary caffeine) was obtained by self-report questionnaire, and demographic and health information was collected in a standardized interview. In age- and sex-adjusted models, there were significant positive associations between total caffeine intake and general cognitive ability and memory. After adjustment for age 11 IQ and social class, both individually and together, most of these associations became nonsignificant. A robust positive association, however, was found between drinking ground coffee (e.g., filter and espresso) and performance on the National Adult Reading Test (NART, p = .007), and the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR, p = .02). No gender effects were observed, contrary to previous studies. Generally, higher cognitive scores were associated with coffee consumption, and lower cognitive scores with tea consumption, but these effects were not significant in the fully adjusted model. The present study is rare in having childhood IQ in a large sample of older people. The results suggest that the significant caffeine intake-cognitive ability associations are bidirectional-because childhood IQ and estimated prior IQ are associated with the type of caffeine intake in old age-and partly confounded by social class.

La distribución del tiempo y del trabajo en la enseñanza primaria en España (1900-1936

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Antonio VIÑAO FRAGO

2013-11-01

Full Text Available El objeto de este artículo es estudiar la distribución diaria y semanal del tiempo escolar en el grado primario de la escuela en la España de 1900 a 1936. El análisis se desarrolla desde tres puntos de partida: las propuestas teóricas de distribución y usos del tiempo, la normativa vigente, y la realidad de las prácticas escolares. Este estudio demuestra, no sólo los contrastes y las influencias recíprocas entre estos tres referentes, sino también las diferencias entre las escuelas rurales y las urbanas, las escuelas unitarias y las graduadas, y entre el tiempo escolar no flexible y uniforme y los tiempos de la vida familiar y el trabajo. Con ello se justifica la discordancia que existe entre ellos dando lugar a la asistencia irregular o al absentismo de los niños en la escuela.

İstanbul Piyasasında Halkın Temel Tüketim Maddelerinden Ette Fiyat İstikrarı Sorunu (1850-1918 The Problem of Price Stability in one of the Basic Consumer Goods: Meat in Istanbul Markets (1850-1918

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Muharrem ÖZTEL

2013-07-01

Full Text Available One of the most important consumer goods that people living inIstanbul need was no doubt meat. Supply of sufficient quantity of meatfor the markets and having people with purchasing power of thisfoodstuff was an indispensible factor of the Ottoman provisioning policy.Based on this purpose, meat prices traditionally came to be determinedwithin the narh system. However, when the policy of imposing narh onmeat prices were left in the second half of the 19th century due to thefact that it narrowed the supply to the markets and caused an increasein prices, the prices turned out to be determined in parallel with thefree market circumstances as well as supply and demand accross theperiod 1850-1918. However “ensuring the stability of the price” in themeat market was a problem for the period we study as it was for theprevious periods. Although the Ottoman government displayedsensitivity for the issue, ensuring the stability of price in the meatmarket was really hard as much as crucial. In our survey period, therewere some complicated reasons to ensure the stability of the cost inmeat market, which could be specified as temporary and structural.Among the most significant problems were the seasonal husks due tothe animal diseases, ovine and cattle taxes, exportation, the cost oftransportation, herdsmen’s profiteering and the army suppliers’ badconducts. These factors covering the subject of the study caused adecrease in demand for meat in İstanbul and disrupted the stability ofprice. İstanbul halkının ihtiyaç duyduğu temel tüketim maddeleri içerisinde en önemlilerinden biri olan etin (ağnam eti piyasada bol ve halkın satın alma gücüne uygun seviyelerde olması İdare’nin takip ettiği iaşe politikasının gereğiydi. Bu amaçla 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısına kadar et fiyatları geleneksel bir şekilde narh ile tespit edilmiştir. Ancak narhın piyasada arzı daralttığı ve fiyatları yükselttiği gerekçesiyle kald

Public memory and national recreation. Politics of memory and cultural practices in republican Barcelona (1931-1936

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Fernando Sánchez-Costa

2015-04-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is to analyse speeches and commemorative practices in Barcelona during the Second Republic (1931-1936. For this purpose, it uses a wide range of contemporary newspaper and administrative sources as well as national and international bibliography. The author understands that the «public memory» forms part of the «public sphere» in the Habermassian sense, that is to say of the area in which the community discovers and defines itself. With this aim in mind, the author dissects commemorative narratives and praxis so as to identify the ideologically implicit concepts that underlie or are made explicit within them. The concept of «public memory» is defined as a category of sociohistorical analysis. The text analyses the dominant speeches of memory and their links with the prevailing liberal-working class nationalism. It studies the coincidences and differences between these verbal and visual accounts and renaixentista Catalan historiography. At the same time, it is argued that the fundamental tenets of the Catalan historical mind-set, as well as the wish to «redeem the past», enable us to interpret the political behaviour of leaders in this period. The article also makes reference to the importance of citizen-led initiatives for the symbolic configuration of the new tapestry of urban memory.

Capital cafeeiro paulista : apropriação de terras devolutas e relações de trabalho nas fazendas de café do Oeste Paulista (1850-1930)

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Gustavo Machado Cavarzan

2010-01-01

Resumo:O objetivo do presente trabalho é fornecer uma contribuição à análise do desenvolvimento histórico do capitalismo no Brasil. Para tanto, busca-se analisar as condições de formação do mercado de terras e do mercado de trabalho em torno do complexo cafeeiro de São Paulo entre 1850 e 1930. Em um primeiro momento é realizada uma revisão das condições que levaram a economia cafeeira paulista a alcançar o papel de principal centro dinâmico do Brasil no decorrer do século XIX. Destaca-se tamb...

"Un nuevo puerto para Buenos Aires". La boca del río Salado como alternativa a los bloqueos portuarios en el Río de la Plata (1830-1850

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Antonio Galarza

2014-05-01

Full Text Available This article presents an analysis of the commerce that took place at the mouth of the Salado River, which was born from the war with the Brazilian Empire (1825-1828 in an alternate port to the one in the provincial capital of Buenos Aires. By delving into sources that have not been explored much by investigations on this subject, we study the various economic activities that took place in this new port—transportation, freight, import, and export— between 1830 and late 1850. Simultaneously, we examine the problems that the need for control over these activities generated for the authorities.

Reseñas

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HC Reseñas

2010-02-01

Full Text Available VÁZQUEZ DE PRADA, Valentín; OLÁBARRI, Ignacio y CASPISTEGUI, Francisco Javier (eds.. V Conversaciones Internacionales de Historia: Para comprender el cambio social. Enfoques teóricos y perspectivas historiográficas. Pamplona, Eunsa, 1997. OLÂBAKRI, Ignacio y CASPISTEGUI, Francisco Javier (dirs. La "nueva" historia cultural: la influencia delpostestructuralismo y el auge de la interdisciplinariedad. Madrid, Ed. Complutense, 1996. W.AA. L'histoire sociale en débat. Paris, Université Paris X-Nanterre, 1995. MARTIN, Jean-Clément. Révolution et Contre-révolution en France, 1789-1989. Les rouages de l'Histoire. Rennes, Presses Universitaires, 1996. PETIT, Jacques-Guy y MAREC, Yannick (Eds.· Le social dans la ville en France et en Europe. Paris, L'Atelier, 1996. LUEBBERT, Gregory M. Liberalismo, fascismo o socialdemocracia: Clases sociales y orígenes políticos de los regímenes de la Europa de entreguerras. Zaragoza, Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, 1997. CUENCA TORIBIO, José Manuel. La Francia actual: Política y políticos. Córdoba, Universidad, 1996. GUEREÑA, Jean-Louis y VIÑAO FRAGO, Antonio. Estadística escolar, proceso de escolarización y sistema educativo nacional en España (1750-1850. Barcelona, EUB, 1996. BORRAS LLOP, José María (dir.· Historia de la infancia en la España contemporánea. 1834-1936. Madrid, Ministerio de Trabajo-Fundación Germán Sánchez Ruipérez, 1996. FOX, Inman. La invención de España. Nacionalismo liberal e identidad nacional. Madrid, Ediciones Cátedra, 1997. MARTÍN, Luis P. La masonería en Castilla y León en el siglo XIX. Salamanca, Diputación Provincial, 1996. DE LA GRANJA, José Luis. El nacionalismo vasco: un siglo de historia. Madrid, Ed. Tecnos, 1995. MAGNIEN, Brigitte (Ed.. Hacia una literatura del pueblo: del folletín a la novela (El ejemplo de Timoteo Orbe. Barcelona, Anthropos, 1995. MARTÍNEZ MARTÍN, María Ascensión. Gipuzkoa en la vanguardia del reformismo social

Mortality among residents of Uravan, Colorado who lived near a uranium mill, 1936-84

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boice, John D Jr.; Cohen, Sarah S; Mumma, Michael T; Chadda, Bandana; Blot, William J

2007-01-01

A cohort mortality study was conducted of all adult residents who ever lived in Uravan, Colorado, a company town built around a uranium mill. Vital status was determined through 2004 and standardised mortality analyses conducted for 1905 men and women alive after 1978 who lived for at least 6 months between 1936 and 1984 in Uravan. Overall, mortality from all causes (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 0.90) and all cancers (SMR 1.00) was less than or as expected based on US mortality rates. Among the 459 residents who had worked in underground uranium mines, a significant increase in lung cancer was found (SMR 2.00; 95% CI 1.39-2.78). No significant elevation in lung cancer was seen among the 767 female residents of Uravan or the 622 uranium mill workers. No cause of death of a priori interest was significantly increased in any group, i.e. cancers of the kidney, liver, breast, lymphoma or leukaemia or non-malignant respiratory disease, renal disease or liver disease. This community cohort study revealed a significant excess of lung cancer among males who had been employed as underground miners. We attribute this excess to the historically high levels of radon in uranium mines of the Colorado Plateau, coupled with the heavy use of tobacco products. There was no evidence that environmental radiation exposures above natural background associated with the uranium mill operations increased the risk of cancer. Although the population studied was relatively small, the follow-up was long, extending up to 65 years after first residence in Uravan, and nearly half of the study subjects had died

El trabajo femenino: entre la domesticidad y la emancipación. Discursos en pugna en la prensa escrita local (Córdoba 1919-1936

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Melina Andrea Deangeli

2016-03-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo realiza un abordaje de las representaciones construidas en torno al trabajo femenino en Córdoba durante los años comprendidos entre 1919-1936. Mediante un análisis de fuentes periodísticas, sostenemos que el discurso dominante en la materia cristalizó los postulados de la ideología de la domesticidad que enfatizaba el lugar de la mujer en tanto madre y esposa, a la vez que asignaba como campo de acción exclusivo de las mujeres el ámbito de la esfera privada. Sin embargo es posible rastrear en las fuentes voces disidentes que, tensionando aquellas representaciones, concebían el trabajo femenino como una herramienta de emancipación y lo inscribían en un proceso más amplio en la construcción de ciudadanía de las mujeres.

Na+-stimulated ATPase of alkaliphilic halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica translocates Na+ into proteoliposomes via Na+ uniport mechanism

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Soontharapirakkul Kanteera

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background When cells are exposed to high salinity conditions, they develop a mechanism to extrude excess Na+ from cells to maintain the cytoplasmic Na+ concentration. Until now, the ATPase involved in Na+ transport in cyanobacteria has not been characterized. Here, the characterization of ATPase and its role in Na+ transport of alkaliphilic halotolerant Aphanothece halophytica were investigated to understand the survival mechanism of A. halophytica under high salinity conditions. Results The purified enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of Na+ but not K+, Li+ and Ca2+. The apparent Km values for Na+ and ATP were 2.0 and 1.2 mM, respectively. The enzyme is likely the F1F0-ATPase based on the usual subunit pattern and the protection against N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide inhibition of ATPase activity by Na+ in a pH-dependent manner. Proteoliposomes reconstituted with the purified enzyme could take up Na+ upon the addition of ATP. The apparent Km values for this uptake were 3.3 and 0.5 mM for Na+ and ATP, respectively. The mechanism of Na+ transport mediated by Na+-stimulated ATPase in A. halophytica was revealed. Using acridine orange as a probe, alkalization of the lumen of proteoliposomes reconstituted with Na+-stimulated ATPase was observed upon the addition of ATP with Na+ but not with K+, Li+ and Ca2+. The Na+- and ATP-dependent alkalization of the proteoliposome lumen was stimulated by carbonyl cyanide m - chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP but was inhibited by a permeant anion nitrate. The proteoliposomes showed both ATPase activity and ATP-dependent Na+ uptake activity. The uptake of Na+ was enhanced by CCCP and nitrate. On the other hand, both CCCP and nitrate were shown to dissipate the preformed electric potential generated by Na+-stimulated ATPase of the proteoliposomes. Conclusion The data demonstrate that Na+-stimulated ATPase from A. halophytica, a likely member of F-type ATPase, functions as an electrogenic Na

癒しと救いとしての詩作 －ウィリアム・ワーズワス(1770-1850)の心の深淵－

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山内, 久明

2008-01-01

The present article aims to discuss aspects of William Wordsworth's (1770-1850) poetry. It is written as an extension of the article on the English poet William Cowper (1731-1800) that the author contributed to the first issue of the Bulletin, where an attempt was made to investigate the ways in which his act of writing poetry bears on the chronic melancholy that he suffered from. Unlike Cowper, Wordsworth was not a case of melancholia but underwent a crisis or a spell of despondency after ha...

Polarization dependence of Na* + Na* associative ionization revisited

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meijer, H.A.J.; Meulen, H.P. v.d.; Morgenstern, R.; Hertel, I.V.; Meyer, E.; Witte, R.

1986-01-01

The dependence of the associative ionization process Na 3 2P3/2 + Na 3 2P3/2 → Na2+ + e- on the polarization of the laser light used for Na excitation was independently investigated in Utrecht and Berlin. The purpose of this paper is to clarify discrepancies between two other earlier experimental

Violencia en el Madrid de la Guerra Civil: los "paseos" (Julio a Diciembre 1936

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Javier CERVERA GIL

2010-02-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: Dentro de la enorme violencia presente en la Guerra Civil Española, el inicio de la misma en Madrid se caracterizó por la proliferación de episodios de violencia política, porque esas eran las razones que se argüían, e inorgánica, porque no se conectaba con proyecto revolucionario alguno. En este artículo se analiza una represión incontrolada que tenía como organismos claves las checas, de donde partían las policías de partido que efectuaban detenciones arbitrarias, y como episodios característicos los paseos: ejecuciones sin formación de causa y de forma clandestina. En las checas actuaban sujetos indeseables que generaron un clima de terror e inseguridad en Madrid en los enemigos de la República y en los sospechosos de pocas simpatías hacia el Frente Popular. Este clima de exceso y violencia fue objeto de preocupación de las autoridades republicanas en Madrid, siendo Santiago Carrillo, Consejero de Orden Público de la Junta de Defensa de Madrid, quien consiguió poner coto a los injustificables paseos. En la última parte del artículo se analiza este fenómeno de los paseos. Su ejecución fue sobre todo obra de anarquistas y, en mucha menor medida, de comunistas. Los hechos se iniciaban con la detención al anochecer y, la mayoría de las veces, terminaban con la ejecución de la víctima en la madrugada, casi en ocho de cada diez casos. Sus víctimas fueron sobre todo religiosos, seguidos de empleados y militares. El momento de mayor proliferación fue en los meses de agosto y septiembre de 1936, observándose un drástico descenso a partir de noviembre hasta su casi total desaparición a inicios de 1937, como un síntoma más del proceso de reconstrucción del Estado republicano. Palabras clave: Guerra Civil Española, Violencia política, Represión, Comunismo, Anarquismo. ABSTRACT: Within the framework of the enormous amount of violence that took place at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, Madrid's violence

Aspectos epidemiológicos dateníase-cisticercose na área endêmica de Lagamar, MG

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Mario León Silva-Vergara

1995-12-01

Full Text Available Um inquérito epidemiológico sobre teníase-cisticercose foi realizado em Lagamar- MG em 1992. Cadastradas 1109 casas com 3344 habitantes. O inquérito abrangeu 875 (86% famílias e foi respondido por um informante que, em 80% dos casos, foi o pai. Na cidade havia 100 chiqueiros em 100 (11,4% casas que albergavam 406 suínos, em condições extremamente precárias. Em 300 (34,2% casas havia o antecedente de teníase em algum membro da família. O antecedente de convulsão foi relatado por 125 (14,2% famílias. O início das convulsões na idade adulta foi caracterizado em 39 (3 7,8% famílias e o antecedente de doenças mentais foi relatado em 53 (6% casas. Os exames parasitológicos de fezes mostraram ovos de Taenia spp em 24 (1,3% das 1850 amostras examinadas.An epidemiological inquiry of human- cysticercosis due to Taenia solium was carried out in Lagamar, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in 1992. A survey of 1109 houses with 3344. inhabitants was made. The inquiry included 875 (86% families and the questionaire was answered by an informer, who was the father in 80% of the cases. One hmidred pigsties, sheltering 406 swines in extremely precarious conditions, were found in 100 (11.4% houses. A history on taeniasis in some member of the family was verified in 300 (34.2% houses. A histoiy of seizures was referred to by 125 (14.2% of families. The outset of convulsion in adult age was characterized in 39 (37.8% families. A history of mental disorder was reported in 53 (6.0% of houses. Stool examinations were positive for Taenia spp in 24 (1.3% of samples examined.

Laços de sociabilidade, filantropia e o Hospital do Câncer do Rio de Janeiro (1922-1936 Ties of sociability, philanthropy, and the Cancer Hospital in Rio de Janeiro (1922-1936

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Gisele Sanglard

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo estudar a construção do Hospital do Câncer na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a partir de uma análise das ações e dos grupos sociais envolvidos com a filantropia na cidade, durante a Primeira República. Para tal, apresenta-se um estudo prosopográfico inicial dessa elite, apontando para sua configuração na criação da instituição. Um segundo recorte refere-se às ações filantrópicas de Guilherme Guinle nesse período.The article explores construction of the Cancer Hospital in Rio de Janeiro from the perspective of an analysis of the city's social groups and their activities involving philanthropy under the First Republic. It offers a preliminary prosopographical study of this elite and examines how it helped to shape creation of the medical facility. The article also addresses Guilherme Guinle's philanthropic initiatives during the period.

Pseudo-ternary phase diagram in the Na2O-Na2O2-NaOH system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saito, Jun-ichi; Tendo, Masayuki; Aoto, Kazumi

1997-10-01

Generally, the phase diagrams are always used to understand the present state of compounds at certain temperature. In order to understand the corrosion behavior of structural material for FBR by main sodium compounds (Na 2 O, Na 2 O 2 and NaOH), it is very important to comprehend the phase diagrams of their compounds. However, only Na 2 O-NaOH pseudo-binary phase diagram had been investigated previously in this system. There is no study of other pseudo-binary or ternary phase diagrams in the Na 2 O-Na 2 O 2 -NaOH system. In this study, in order to clarify the present states of their compounds at certain temperatures, the pseudo-binary and ternary phase diagrams in the Na 2 O-Na 2 O 2 -NaOH system were prepared. A series of thermal analyses with binary and ternary component system has been carried out using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The liquidus temperature and ternary eutectic temperatures were confirmed by these measurements. The beneficial indications for constructing phase diagrams were obtained from these experiments. On the basis of these results, the interaction parameters between compounds which were utilized for the Thermo-Calc calculation were optimized. Thermo-Calc is one of thermodynamic calculation software. Consequently the accurate pseudo-binary and ternary phase diagrams were indicated using the optimized parameters. (author)

Further karyosystematic studies of the Boreonectesgriseostriatus (De Geer) group of sibling species (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)-characterisation of B.emmerichi (Falkenström, 1936) and additional European data.

Science.gov (United States)

Angus, Robert B; Angus, Elizabeth M; Jia, Fenglong; Chen, Zhen-Ning; Zhang, Ying

2015-01-01

A lectotype is designated for the Tibetan species Deronectesemmerichi Falkenström, 1936 (Currently Boreonectesemmerichi (Falkenström)), and its habitus, as well as the median lobe and parameres of its aedeagus, are figured along with additional comparative material. Material of Boreonectesemmerichi from Sikkim (BMNH) represents the first record of a Boreonectes Angus, 2010 species from India. The karyotype of Boreonectesemmerichi is described as having 26 pairs of autosomes plus sex chromosomes which are X0 (♂), XX (♀). The karyotype is most like that of Boreonectesmacedonicus (Géuorguiev, 1959), but with slight differences. Additional chromosomal information is given for Boreonectesgriseostriatusgriseostriatus (De Geer, 1774) in the French Alps, Boreonectesgriseostriatusstrandi (Brinck, 1943) on the Kola Peninsula, Boreonectesmultilineatus (Falkenström, 1922) in the Pyrenees and Boreonectesibericus (Dutton & Angus, 2007) in the Spanish Picos de Europa.

New Raman-peak at 1850 cm(-1) observed in multiwalled carbon nanotubes produced by hydrogen arc discharge.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, B; Kadowaki, Y; Inoue, S; Ohkohchi, M; Zhao, X; Ando, Y

2010-06-01

The new peak (near 1850 cm(-1)) assigned to carbon linear chain included in the centre of very thin innermost multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) has been verified by Raman spectroscopy. These MWNTs were produced by dc arc discharge of pure graphite rods in pure hydrogen gas and existed in the cathode deposit. In this paper, we clarified that the new Raman-peaks could also be observed in the cathode deposit including MWNTs produced by hydrogen dc arc discharge using graphite electrode with added Y or La. By changing the quantity of addition (Y or La), dc arc current and pressure of ambient hydrogen gas, the optimum condition to get maximum intensity of the new Raman-peaks was obtained. For the case of 1 wt% La, dc 50 A, H2 pressure of 50 Torr was found to be optimum, and the intensity of new Raman-peak was even higher than the G-band peak. For the case of 1 wt% Y, dc 50 A, H2 pressure of 50 Torr was optimum, but the intensity of new Raman-peak was weaker than the G-band peak. Transmission electron microscopy observation revealed that the crystallinity of MWNTs produced with pure graphite rod was better than those produced with added Y or La.

Simas, cavernas y pozos para ocultar cadáveres en la Guerra Civil española (1936-1939. Aportaciones desde la Antropología Forense

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ETXEBERRIA, F., SERRULLA, F., HERRASTI, L.

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Son miles las víctimas de la Guerra Civil (1936-1939 que permanecen enterradas en fosas comunes repartidas por todo el territorio. Pero además de las fosas en zonas marginales o en cementerios, se emplearon también pozos artificiales y simas naturales para hacer desaparecer las evidencias de los crímenes cometidos. Este recurso ha sido utilizado a lo largo de toda la historia en situaciones de conflicto y explica algunos hallazgos que se han realizado: la ocultación de los cuerpos en espacios aparentemente imposibles para su localización y rescate posterior. Sin embargo, el avance en las técnicas arqueológicas implicadas en el ámbito de las Ciencias Forenses han posibilitado la adecuada recuperación de estos restos y su posterior análisis.

Extracellular Na+ levels regulate formation and activity of the NaX/alpha1-Na+/K+-ATPase complex in neuronal cells.

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Emmanuelle eBerret

2014-12-01

Full Text Available MnPO neurons play a critical role in hydromineral homeostasis regulation by acting as sensors of extracellular sodium concentration ([Na+]out. The mechanism underlying Na+-sensing involves Na+-flow through the NaX channel, directly regulated by the Na+/K+-ATPase α1-isoform which controls Na+-influx by modulating channel permeability. Together, these two partners form a complex involved in the regulation of intracellular sodium ([Na+]in. Here we aim to determine whether environmental changes in Na+ could actively modulate the NaX/Na+/K+-ATPase complex activity.We investigated the complex activity using patch-clamp recordings from rat MnPO neurons and Neuro2a cells. When the rats were fed with a high-salt-diet, or the [Na+] in the culture medium was increased, the activity of the complex was up-regulated. In contrast, drop in environmental [Na+] decreased the activity of the complex. Interestingly under hypernatremic condition, the colocalization rate and protein level of both partners were up-regulated. Under hyponatremic condition, only NaX protein expression was increased and the level of NaX/Na+/K+-ATPase remained unaltered. This unbalance between NaX and Na+/K+-ATPase pump proportion would induce a bigger portion of Na+/K+-ATPase-control-free NaX channel. Thus we suggest that hypernatremic environment increases NaX/Na+/K+-ATPase α1-isoform activity by increasing the number of both partners and their colocalization rate, whereas hyponatremic environment down-regulates complex activity via a decrease in the relative number of NaX channels controlled by the pump.

A Study of the Distribution of Sodium Cations in the Zeolites NaX, NaY and ZnNaY Using Carbon Monoxide Adsorption and 23Na NMR Techniques

Science.gov (United States)

Seidel, A.; Boddenberg, B.

1995-03-01

The zeolites NaX, NaY, Zn(55)NaY, and Zn(74)NaY were investigated by means of carbon monoxide adsorption and with static and magic angle spinning (MAS) 23Na NMR spectroscopy. The Na+ distribution between the sodalite (ß)- and supercages of the fully hydrated zeolites NaX and NaY were found to agree with XRD results. In the hydrated zinc-exchanged zeolites the Na+ ions almost exclusively populate the ß-cages. The adsorption isotherms of CO in the dehydrated zeolites were analyzed quantitatively to yield the concentrations of Na+ residing in the supercages. The measured static and MAS 23Na NMR spectra were analyzed by comparing their widths and shapes with simulated central transition patterns and yield, inter alia, the concentrations of Na+ associated with the spectrum components. Arguments are put forward that 23Na NMR of dehydrated zeolites is well suited to distinguish Na+ cations in highly symmetric environments and mobile Na+ species from others located on general positions, but further resolution is hardly feasible.

HCO3(-)-coupled Na+ influx is a major determinant of Na+ turnover and Na+/K+ pump activity in rat hepatocytes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fitz, J.G.; Lidofsky, S.D.; Weisiger, R.A.; Xie, M.H.; Cochran, M.; Grotmol, T.; Scharschmidt, B.F.

1991-01-01

Recent studies in hepatocytes indicate that Na(+)-coupled HCO3- transport contributes importantly to regulation of intracellular pH and membrane HCO3- transport. However, the direction of net coupled Na+ and HCO3- movement and the effect of HCO3- on Na+ turnover and Na+/K+ pump activity are not known. In these studies, the effect of HCO3- on Na+ influx and turnover were measured in primary rat hepatocyte cultures with 22Na+, and [Na+]i was measured in single hepatocytes using the Na(+)-sensitive fluorochrome SBFI. Na+/K+ pump activity was measured in intact perfused rat liver and hepatocyte monolayers as Na(+)-dependent or ouabain-suppressible 86Rb uptake, and was measured in single hepatocytes as the effect of transient pump inhibition by removal of extracellular K+ on membrane potential difference (PD) and [Na+]i. In hepatocyte monolayers, HCO3- increased 22Na+ entry and turnover rates by 50-65%, without measurably altering 22Na+ pool size or cell volume, and HCO3- also increased Na+/K+ pump activity by 70%. In single cells, exposure to HCO3- produced an abrupt and sustained rise in [Na+]i from approximately 8 to 12 mM. Na+/K+ pump activity assessed in single cells by PD excursions during transient K+ removal increased congruent to 2.5-fold in the presence of HCO3-, and the rise in [Na+]i produced by inhibition of the Na+/K+ pump was similarly increased congruent to 2.5-fold in the presence of HCO3-. In intact perfused rat liver, HCO3- increased both Na+/K+ pump activity and O2 consumption. These findings indicate that, in hepatocytes, net coupled Na+ and HCO3- movement is inward and represents a major determinant of Na+ influx and Na+/K+ pump activity. About half of hepatic Na+/K+ pump activity appears dedicated to recycling Na+ entering in conjunction with HCO3- to maintain [Na+]i within the physiologic range

Aquifer test results, 200-UP-1 operable unit IRM plume: Wells 299-W19-39 and 299-W19-36

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Swanson, L.C.

1996-03-01

An aquifer test was conducted at 200-UP-1 extraction well 299-W19-39 from September 6 to 8, 1995. The testing process consisted of pumping groundwater from the extraction well, using the surface treatment system to purify the water, and reinjecting the water through well 299-W19-36. Multiple observation wells were used to measure the response of the aquifer during the pumping and recovery phases of the test. Tables 1 and 2 list each well monitored and give well location and configuration information. Pretest monitoring initiated on August 31, 1995 was used to establish water-level trends and barometric pressure responses in the extraction, injection, and observation wells. Water-level monitoring continued for about 2 weeks after pumping ceased. The objectives of the aquifer test were to determine large-scale aquifer properties to confirm hydraulic conductivity input values used in previous numerical modeling work, to evaluate the long-term performance of the extraction and monitoring wells, and to estimate the radial extent of the drawdown cone (i.e., the expected capture area and depth). All of the test objectives were met. A discussion of the test results follows

Repensando o conceito de diglossia à luz de Michel de Certeau

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Miguel Afonso Linhares

2016-03-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho consiste em uma reflexão sobre o conceito de diglossia, uma palavra cuja especialização semântica nos estudos linguísticos se deu através de Jean Psichari em 1885. Não obstante, veio ganhar precisão teórica apenas em 1959, por Charles Ferguson. A partir da publicação do seu artigo, o conceito teve um sucesso imediato na Sociolinguística. Este artigo segue a esteira dessas discussões, com o objetivo de repensar o sujeito falante da “variedade baixa” ou “língua dominada”. Para tanto, valemo-nos da reflexão de Michel de Certeau (1994 sobre o cotidiano, especialmente das categorias de estratégia e de tática. Na primeira seção do artigo, traçamos um percurso pela história do termo diglossia, desde os seus significados nos primeiros testemunhos até a sua consolidação como conceito científico através de Ferguson (1959 e Fishman (1967. A seguinte é um encaminhamento à reflexão: expomos uma leitura crítica dos artigos mencionados e algumas críticas por parte de outros sociolinguistas. A terceira é o lugar de dar algumas informações sobre o caso de diglossia que serve de fundamento e ilustração à reflexão: a diglossia espanhol-catalão na Catalunha. Enfim, na quarta o leitor alcança a reflexão almejada: o sujeito falante da “variedade baixa” ou “língua dominada” não é um mero paciente em uma relação alto-baixo ou dominante-dominado, mas também um agente no campo hegemônico, que usa de táticas para contra-arrestar a dominação.

Relaciones entre las actividades de investigación científica, desarrollo tecnológico y producción material desde 1850 hasta la actualidad: Implicaciones para el desarrollo humano

OpenAIRE

Valdés Castro, Rolando; Tricio Gómez, Verónica; Rodríguez Cano, Luis R.

2015-01-01

A través del estudio de publicaciones científicas y patentes son detectadas algunas tendencias estadísticas de la evolución de las actividades de investigación y de desarrollo tecnológico, desde 1850 hasta la actualidad. Esas tendencias son interpretadas sobre la base del análisis de las relaciones entre investigación científica, tecnología y producción material en diferentes fases de la historia. Se introduce el concepto de revolución tecnológica del consumo social. Se enuncia la hipótesis d...

Inmigración europea y modelos familiares: la legitimidad de los nacimientos y la sexualidad fuera del matrimonio en la población francesa de Tandil (Buenos Aires, 1850-1914

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Otero, Hernán

2007-01-01

Full Text Available This article, based on a family reconstitution of French people in Tandil between 1850 and 1914,shows the advantages and disadvantages of this method and the sources; illegitimacy and its associated factors (parents’ age, endo and exogamy, rural/urban differentiation, etc.. and the incidence of pre-marital children and conceptions. The indicators obtained were analyzed and compared with other Argentinean and French socio-demographic contexts. In the conclusion I propose that illegitimacy among the French population in Tandil is a consequence of a different family conformation pattern from that of the native population.

[Dissemination of medical information in Europe, the USA and Japan, 1850-1870: focusing on information concerning the hypodermic injection method].

Science.gov (United States)

Tsukisawa, Miyoko

2011-12-01

Modern medicine was introduced in Japan in the second half of the nineteenth century. In order to investigate this historical process, this paper focuses on the dissemination of information of a new medical technology developed in the mid-nineteenth century; it does so by making comparisons of the access to medical information between Europe, the USA and Japan. The hypodermic injection method was introduced in the clinical field in Europe and the USA as a newly developed therapeutic method during the 1850s and 1870s. This study analyzed information on the medical assessments of this method by clinicians of these periods. The crucial factor in accumulating this information was to develop a worldwide inter-medical communication circle with the aid of the medical journals. Information on the hypodermic injection method was introduced in Japan almost simultaneously with its introduction in Europe and the USA. However, because of the geographical distance and the language barrier, Japanese clinicians lacked access to this worldwide communication circle, and they accepted this new method without adequate medical technology assessments.

The effect of Na vapor on the Na content of chondrules

Science.gov (United States)

Lewis, R. Dean; Lofgren, Gary E.; Franzen, Hugo F.; Windom, Kenneth E.

1993-01-01

Chondrules contain higher concentrations of volatiles (Na) than expected for melt droplets in the solar nebula. Recent studies have proposed that chondrules may have formed under non-canonical nebular conditions such as in particle/gas-rich clumps. Such chondrule formation areas may have contained significant Na vapor. To test the hypothesis of whether a Na-rich vapor would minimize Na volatilization reaction rates in a chondrule analog and maintain the Na value of the melt, experiments were designed where a Na-rich vapor could be maintained around the sample. A starting material with a melting point lower that typical chondrules was required to keep the logistics of working with Na volatilization from NaCl within the realm of feasibility. The Knippa basalt, a MgO-rich alkali olivine basalt with a melting temperature of 1325 +/- 5 C and a Na2O content of 3.05 wt%, was used as the chondrule analog. Experiments were conducted in a 1 atm, gas-mixing furnace with the fO2 controlled by a CO/CO2 gas mixture and fixed at the I-W buffer curve. To determine the extent of Na loss from the sample, initial experiments were conducted at high temperatures (1300 C - 1350 C) for duration of up to 72 h without a Na-rich vapor present. Almost all (up to 98%) Na was volatilized in runs of 72 h. Subsequent trials were conducted at 1330 C for 16 h in the presence of a Na-rich vapor, supplied by a NaCl-filled crucible placed in the bottom of the furnace. Succeeding Knudsen cell weight-loss mass-spectrometry analysis of NaCl determined the P(sub Na) for these experimental conditions to be in the 10(exp -6) atm range. This value is considered high for nebula conditions but is still plausible for non-canonical environments. In these trials the Na2O content of the glass was maintained or in some cases increased; Na2O values ranged from 2.62% wt to 4.37% wt. The Na content of chondrules may be controlled by the Na vapor pressure in the chondrule formation region. Most heating events capable

Nacemento e desenvolvemento dun servicio público esencial: o abastecemento de auga na cidade de A Coruña, 1903-1936

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Martínez López, Alberte

2003-12-01

Full Text Available The founding and development of Coruña's waterworks followed a pattern to that which took place in other Spanish cities. The project phase lasted a long time and was very problematic. The financial and managerial incapacity of the local authorities to set the utility in motion provoked the intervention of local banking capital. During the first ten years of the utilities existence a «basic» service was established, and with the help of the City Council consumption habits were modified. The Company's network expanded greatly during the twenties and early thirties, and the Great Depression was to have little effect.

[gl] A creación e desenvolvemento do abastecemento de auga na cidade de A Coruña amosa unhas características bastante similares ó acontecido noutras cidades españolas. A fase de efectiva posta en marcha dende que se efectúa a concesión resulta dilatada e problemática. Terá que ser o capital bancario local o que lie dea un pulo definitivo ó proceso, ante a incapacidade fínanceira e xestora municipal. Logo dunha década de conformación do servicio básico e de exitosas presións para modificar os hábitos tradicionais de consumo (con apoio do concello, a empresa coñece unha forte expansión durante os anos vinte e principio dos trinta, sen que a depresión daqueles anos semelle terlle afectado significativamente.

Na/K pump inactivation, subsarcolemmal Na measurements, and cytoplasmic ion turnover kinetics contradict restricted Na spaces in murine cardiac myocytes.

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Lu, Fang-Min; Hilgemann, Donald W

2017-07-03

Decades ago, it was proposed that Na transport in cardiac myocytes is modulated by large changes in cytoplasmic Na concentration within restricted subsarcolemmal spaces. Here, we probe this hypothesis for Na/K pumps by generating constitutive transsarcolemmal Na flux with the Na channel opener veratridine in whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Using 25 mM Na in the patch pipette, pump currents decay strongly during continuous activation by extracellular K (τ, ∼2 s). In contradiction to depletion hypotheses, the decay becomes stronger when pump currents are decreased by hyperpolarization. Na channel currents are nearly unchanged by pump activity in these conditions, and conversely, continuous Na currents up to 0.5 nA in magnitude have negligible effects on pump currents. These outcomes are even more pronounced using 50 mM Li as a cytoplasmic Na congener. Thus, the Na/K pump current decay reflects mostly an inactivation mechanism that immobilizes Na/K pump charge movements, not cytoplasmic Na depletion. When channel currents are increased beyond 1 nA, models with unrestricted subsarcolemmal diffusion accurately predict current decay (τ ∼15 s) and reversal potential shifts observed for Na, Li, and K currents through Na channels opened by veratridine, as well as for Na, K, Cs, Li, and Cl currents recorded in nystatin-permeabilized myocytes. Ion concentrations in the pipette tip (i.e., access conductance) track without appreciable delay the current changes caused by sarcolemmal ion flux. Importantly, cytoplasmic mixing volumes, calculated from current decay kinetics, increase and decrease as expected with osmolarity changes (τ >30 s). Na/K pump current run-down over 20 min reflects a failure of pumps to recover from inactivation. Simulations reveal that pump inactivation coupled with Na-activated recovery enhances the rapidity and effectivity of Na homeostasis in cardiac myocytes. In conclusion, an autoregulatory mechanism enhances cardiac Na/K pump activity when

Interoceanic occurrence of species of Aristocleidus Mueller, 1936 (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) parasitizing the gills of gerreid fishes in the Neotropics.

Science.gov (United States)

Mendoza Franco, Edgar F; Violante-González, Juan; Roche, Dominique G

2009-09-01

During investigations of fish parasites in the Neotropics (including the state of Veracruz and the Yucatán Peninsula in the Gulf of Mexico, the Chautengo Lagoon on the Pacific coast of the state of Guerrero in Mexico, and Lake Gatun in the Panama Canal), three monogenoidean (Dactylogyridae) species were found parasitizing the gills of gerreids (Gerreidae): Aristocleidus hastatus Mueller, 1936, was recovered from Eugerres plumieri (Cuvier) and Diapterus auratus Ranzani in Veracruz, from D. auratus and Diapterus rhombeus (Cuvier) in Yucatán, from Eugerres brasilianus (Cuvier) in Panama (all new hosts and geographical records), and from D. peruvianus (Cuvier) and Gerres cinereus (Walbaum) in Guerrero; Aristocleidus lamothei Kritsky and Mendoza-Franco, 2008, was recovered from E. plumieri in Veracruz and from D. rhombeus in Yucatan (new hosts and geographical records), and Aristocleidus sp. was recovered from G. cinereus in Guerrero. Results from this study suggest that species of Aristocleidus exhibit wide host specificity within gerreid fishes and that geminate species within this parasite genus may have originated with the formation of the Isthmus of Panama (3.1 to 3.5 ma). Evidence is also presented suggesting the potential role of the Panama Canal as a passageway allowing the interoceanic dispersal of Aristocleidus species across the isthmus.

Reconstruction of eroded and deposited sediment volumes in the floodplains of the embanked River Waal, the Netherlands, for the period 1650 - 1850 AD

Science.gov (United States)

Hobo, Noortje; Makaske, Bart; Middelkoop, Hans

2010-05-01

The embanked floodplains of the River Waal developed as a result of stepwise downstream migration of meander bends between confining dykes. Accretion in the upstream limb of the outer bend - enhanced by groynes and trees - and erosion in the downstream limb have resulted in a series of successively developed sand bars, separated by secondary channels. On top of the sand bars and the secondary channel fills, fine-grained overbank sediments were deposited. Downstream migration ceased around 1850 AD, when the river bed was fixed by large-scale construction of groynes, and only overbank deposition continued. Eroded and deposited sediment volumes associated with downstream migration are affected by human activities. Goal of the present research is to estimate a sediment budget for a 12-km-long section along the River Waal, by quantifying the amount of erosion and deposition. We estimated these volumes for time slices of 50 years, between 1650 and 1850 AD, in order to be able to assess the variable impact of human interference during this period. To estimate erosion, we created geomorphological maps for all time slices, based on maps dating from the 17th century to present. In these maps, distinction is made between sand bars, residual channels, and older deposits (all sediments deposited before 1650 AD). Comparison between all maps allowed us to calculate the eroded area per time slice. Eroded volumes were hence estimated by multiplying the eroded area by the average river depth at that period, which is assumed to be the erosion depth. For estimation of deposition we used lithological cross-sections. These cross-sections are positioned such that every sand bar and every residual channel is represented in at least one cross-section. In every cross-section isochrones were drawn, based on OSL datings, chronologic interpretation of heavy metal profiles, and the historical maps. These isochrones are used to calculate the thickness of the sand bars, the residual channel fills

Luís de Camões - O Lírico

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Sigismundo Spina

1953-03-01

Full Text Available CIDADE (Hernani. - Luís de Camões - O Lírico . Livraria Bertrand, Lisboa, 1952. 354 pp. (Primeiro Parágrafo do Artigo Os estudos da obra lírica de Camões levados a efeito pela erudição de Hernani Cidade datam de quase 20 anos, quando em 1936, na "Revista da Faculdade de Lisboa", escreveu "LUIS DE CAMÕES" - o Lírico.

Na+/Ca2+ exchange and Na+/K+-ATPase in the heart

Science.gov (United States)

Shattock, Michael J; Ottolia, Michela; Bers, Donald M; Blaustein, Mordecai P; Boguslavskyi, Andrii; Bossuyt, Julie; Bridge, John H B; Chen-Izu, Ye; Clancy, Colleen E; Edwards, Andrew; Goldhaber, Joshua; Kaplan, Jack; Lingrel, Jerry B; Pavlovic, Davor; Philipson, Kenneth; Sipido, Karin R; Xie, Zi-Jian

2015-01-01

This paper is the third in a series of reviews published in this issue resulting from the University of California Davis Cardiovascular Symposium 2014: Systems approach to understanding cardiac excitation–contraction coupling and arrhythmias: Na+ channel and Na+ transport. The goal of the symposium was to bring together experts in the field to discuss points of consensus and controversy on the topic of sodium in the heart. The present review focuses on cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCX) and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA). While the relevance of Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiac function has been extensively investigated, the role of Na+ regulation in shaping heart function is often overlooked. Small changes in the cytoplasmic Na+ content have multiple effects on the heart by influencing intracellular Ca2+ and pH levels thereby modulating heart contractility. Therefore it is essential for heart cells to maintain Na+ homeostasis. Among the proteins that accomplish this task are the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and the Na+/K+ pump (NKA). By transporting three Na+ ions into the cytoplasm in exchange for one Ca2+ moved out, NCX is one of the main Na+ influx mechanisms in cardiomyocytes. Acting in the opposite direction, NKA moves Na+ ions from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space against their gradient by utilizing the energy released from ATP hydrolysis. A fine balance between these two processes controls the net amount of intracellular Na+ and aberrations in either of these two systems can have a large impact on cardiac contractility. Due to the relevant role of these two proteins in Na+ homeostasis, the emphasis of this review is on recent developments regarding the cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) and Na+/K+ pump and the controversies that still persist in the field. PMID:25772291

Entre el castigo y la redención. Las mujeres encarceladas en las Islas Baleares (1936-1943

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David GINARD I FÉRON

2012-02-01

Full Text Available El siguiente artículo analiza las características específicas y condiciones de vida de la prisión de mujeres de Mallorca en el contexto de la represión franquista contra las partidarias y simpatizantes de la República entre 1936 y 1943. En la primera parte del texto se aborda el período de la Guerra Civil, en el que, ante la insólita avalancha de detenciones de mujeres practicadas por los alzados, por primera vez en la historia de las Baleares fue preciso improvisar un centro de reclusión femenino. A continuación, se estudian los cambios operados en 1940 a raíz de la reconversión del modesto penal palmesano en una de las prisiones centrales de mujeres de España. En el tercer apartado, se trata de la singular presencia en esta cárcel de la congregación de Hermanas de la Caridad y su incidencia en la vida cotidiana. Seguidamente, se explican los mecanismos y estrategias de resistencia practicadas por las penadas para mejorar sus condiciones de vida, protegerse frente a las medidas disciplinarias adoptadas por las autoridades penitenciarias y difundir su ideario político. Finalmente, se alude brevemente a las causas y consecuencias de la clausura del centro penitenciario mallorquín y al proceso de recuperación de la memoria de las antiguas encarceladas desarrollado en la última década.

REDESCRIPTION OF SCIADOCEPHALUS MEGALODISCUS DIESING, 1850, ONE THE EARLIEST DIVERGING NEOTROPICAL FISH TAPEWORMS (CESTODA: PROTEOCEPHALIDAE).

Science.gov (United States)

Scholz, Tomáš; de Chambrier, Alain

2018-06-04

The tapeworm Sciadocephalus megalodiscus Diesing, 1850 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) is redescribed based on newly collected specimens parasitizing tucunare peacock bass, Cichla monoculus Agassiz, 1831 (Perciformes: Cichlidae), in the Peruvian Amazon. Even though this cestode was redescribed 2 decades ago by Rego et al. (1999), that redescription did not report some of the unique features of this species. The most unusual characteristics of the species are: (i) peculiar formation of the uterus, with fast formation of numerous, tightly packed diverticula protruding ventrally and dorsally, with simultaneous disintegration of the ovary and vitelline follicles in the first pregravid proglottids; (ii) inverted umbrella-shaped scolex with a well-developed apical sucker; (iii) a large-sized, follicular (grape cluster-like) ovary, which occupies most of the central (median) third of proglottids, with the ovarian isthmus situated almost equatorially; (iv) regular alternation of genital pores; (v) a well-developed internal seminal vesicle; and (vi) a small-sized strobila (shorter than 6 mm) consisting of few proglottids (15-20). Preliminary molecular data reveal S. megalodiscus to be most closely related to Cichlidocestus gillesi, the type species of the recently erected Cichlidocestus de Chambrier, Pinacho-Pinacho, Hernández-Orts and Scholz, 2017. Species of both genera parasitize Neotropical cichlids and are unique among all proteocephalids in the shape and position of the ovary. They also share other morphological characteristics unusual among other proteocephalids and thus these two genera can be considered good candidates to be placed in a new, higher-level taxon such as separate subfamily or even family when a new, more natural classification of the Proteocephalidae is proposed.

Nota sobre la evolución de la prensa provincial española a mediados del siglo XIX (1850-1860

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Antonio ROJAS FRIEND

2010-02-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: En este artículo se realiza una aproximación cuantitativa a la evolución de los periódicos de provincias entre los años 1850 y 1860, tomando como fuente las informaciones sobre el gasto de correo para el franqueo de periódicos e impresos que publica la "Gaceta de Madrid". A partir de la constatación del peso abrumador de la prensa madrileña en el mercado periodístico nacional y del incremento de la distribución postal de periódicos en este período, las fuentes manejadas permiten avanzar algunas conclusiones provisionales: una relativa pérdida de posiciones en el mercado nacional; su fuerte componente oficialista; una clara tendencia hacia la descentralización; su estructura minifundista, de la que sólo escapa la prensa barcelonesa, sensible como la de Madrid a las leyes del mercado; la abrumadora hegemonía del poder político sobre el económico —y por tanto, de Madrid sobre la periferia— como elemento determinante del desarrollo de la prensa. Finalmente, se establecen algunos cálculos sobre las tiradas totales y por publicación de la prensa en España en este período. Palabras Clave: España Isabelina, Prensa Provincial, Correo, Empresas Periodísticas. ABSTRACT: In this article a quantitative approach is made to the evolution of provincial newspapers between the years 1850 and 1860, taking as a source infor- mation on the postal costs of newspapers and printed matter published by the "Gaceta de Madrid". Based on confirmation of the overwhelming importance of the Madrid press in the national newspaper market and the increase in the postal distribution of newspapers during this period, the sources handled allow some provisional conclusions to be advanced with relation to the provincial press: a relative loss of positions in the national market, its strong officialist component; a clear tendency towards descentralization; its "minifundista" structure, of which only the Barcelona press is free, as, like Madrid, it

Industrial pollution of the Moselle River: the birth, development and management of an environmental problem, 1850-2000; La pollution industrielle de la Moselle francais: naissance, developpement et gestion d'un probleme environnemental, 1850-2000

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garcier, J.R

2005-12-15

In the 1850's, the water quality of surface waters in the Moselle river drainage basin began to suffer from the development of heavy industrial activities (coal and iron ore mining, steel and soda making). Industrial development also fuelled a demographic impetus that proved detrimental to the quality of surface waters. This study uses archival sources to analyse the ineffectiveness of the policies that were launched to regulate pollution. In a region traumatized by the Prussian annexation of a quarter of its surface (1870), industrial production enjoyed a symbolic protection that allowed water pollution to go unabated. The fuzzy status of pollution in law contributed to the immunity of industrialists. From the 1950's on, fear that the region might experience severe water shortages due to the growth of water consumption by industries and cities alike enabled more stringent policies to be devised. They still had to take into account the interests of the heavy industry and their effectiveness is questionable. Hydrological planning was based upon a functionalist vision of water resources that did not take environmental issues into account. The situation changed in the 1970's and 1980's, when European integration and the Sandoz catastrophe in the Rhine (November 1986) tipped the scale in favour of more vigorous environmental policies. This study develops the concepts of a 'regional system' and of the 'mode of construction' of an environmental problem. These prove to be valuable theoretical elements to ground environmental geography studies. (author)

Altered Na+ transport after an intracellular alpha-subunit deletion reveals strict external sequential release of Na+ from the Na/K pump.

Science.gov (United States)

Yaragatupalli, Siddhartha; Olivera, J Fernando; Gatto, Craig; Artigas, Pablo

2009-09-08

The Na/K pump actively exports 3 Na(+) in exchange for 2 K(+) across the plasmalemma of animal cells. As in other P-type ATPases, pump function is more effective when the relative affinity for transported ions is altered as the ion binding sites alternate between opposite sides of the membrane. Deletion of the five C-terminal residues from the alpha-subunit diminishes internal Na(+) (Na(i)(+)) affinity approximately 25-fold [Morth et al. (2007) Nature 450:1043-1049]. Because external Na(+) (Na(o)(+)) binding is voltage-dependent, we studied the reactions involving this process by using two-electrode and inside-out patch voltage clamp in normal and truncated (DeltaKESYY) Xenopus-alpha1 pumps expressed in oocytes. We observed that DeltaKESYY (i) decreased both Na(o)(+) and Na(i)(+) apparent affinities in the absence of K(o)(+), and (ii) did not affect apparent Na(o)(+) affinity at high K(o)(+). These results support a model of strict sequential external release of Na(+) ions, where the Na(+)-exclusive site releases Na(+) before the sites shared with K(+) and the DeltaKESYY deletion only reduces Na(o)(+) affinity at the shared sites. Moreover, at nonsaturating K(o)(+), DeltaKESYY induced an inward flow of Na(+) through Na/K pumps at negative potentials. Guanidinium(+) can also permeate truncated pumps, whereas N-methyl-D-glucamine cannot. Because guanidinium(o)(+) can also traverse normal Na/K pumps in the absence of both Na(o)(+) and K(o)(+) and can also inhibit Na/K pump currents in a Na(+)-like voltage-dependent manner, we conclude that the normal pathway transited by the first externally released Na(+) is large enough to accommodate guanidinium(+).

Ecos recientes de un debate inconcluso acerca de la Revolución Agrícola en Inglaterra y de la transformación de su economía agraria entre 1500 y 1850

OpenAIRE

Carzolio, María Inés

2006-01-01

El debate acerca de la existencia, cronología y factores de una "revolución agrícola" que precede y se relaciona con la "revolución industrial" tiene larga data. Los temas sustantivos de este debate conservan una importancia central para comprender el desarrollo tanto de la agricultura como de la economía inglesas en los siglos que median de 1500 a 1850. A lo largo del mismo se han configurado una versión tradicional y otra revisionista. Resulta posible a esta altura, realizar una confrontaci...

Active transport of Na+ by reconstituted Na,K-ATPase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boldyrev, A.A.; Svinukhova, I.A.

1987-01-01

The ability of ATP, CTP, ITP, GTP, and UTP to support ouabain-sensitive accumulation of Na + by proteoliposomes with a reconstituted Na/K-pump was investigated. At a low [Na + ]/[K + ] ratio in the medium (20 mM/50 mM), a correlation is observed between the proton-accepting capacity of the nucleotide and its effectiveness as a substrate of active transport. To test the hypothesis of the importance of the presence of a negative charge in the 1-position of the purine (3-pyrimidine) base of the nucleotide for mutual transitions between the Na- and K-conformations of Na,K-ATPase they used two analogs of ATP: N 1 -hydroxy-ATP, possessing proton acceptor capacity, and N 1 -methoxy-ATP, in the molecule of which the negative charge is quenched by a methyl group. The first substrate supports active accumulation of Na + in proteoliposomes at the same rate as ATP, whereas the second substrate is relatively ineffective

Investigation on U - O - Na, Pu - O - Na and U,Pu - O - Na phase diagrams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pillon, S.

1989-03-01

The thermochemical interaction between the nuclear fuel (uranium and plutonium mixed oxides) and the sodium has been investigated and particularly the three phase diagrams: U - O - Na; Pu - O - Na; U,Pu - O - Na. High temperature neutron diffraction, microcalorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction were used for the characterization of the compounds synthetized. This study allowed to complete the knowledge about each of these diagrams and to measure some physical and thermal properties on the compounds. The limits on the modelization of the fuel-sodium interaction are discussed from the results of the UO 2 - Na reaction [fr

Measurement of exchangeable sodium: 22Na or 24Na

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, T.; Edmonds, C.J.

1987-01-01

A case is made for the use of 22 Na in low activities in preference to 24 Na for routine diagnostic estimation of exchangeable sodium, and is based chiefly on considerations of availability, cost and radiation dosimetry. A method in which only 37 kBq (1 μCi) 22 Na is administered orally is shown to be sufficiently accurate and to possess distinct advantages in terms of cost and convenience with a committed radiation dose no greater than that for a measurement using 24 Na. (author)

Lecture de Sébastien Farré, La Suisse et l’Espagne de Franco. De la guerre civile à la mort du dictateur (1936-1975

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rose Duroux

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se estudian las relaciones entre las autoridades suizas y el gobierno del general Franco en sus diferentes aspectos (económico, social, cultural, político. Abarca del 18 de julio de 1936, inicio de la guerra civil, al 27 de noviembre de 1975, día de la entronización del rey Juan Carlos. Las relaciones económicas entre los dos países ocupan un lugar importante lo cual era primordial al tratarse de un país como Suiza cuyo protagonismo está determinado por la potencia económica y financiera de sus empresas en la economía mundial. Conociendo además la dimensión ideológica de la guerra civil y la evolución del debate público en la sociedad suiza con respecto al régimen franquista, importaba aprehender la representación del otro: cómo es percibido el español/el suizo respectivamente en ambos países; cuál es la evolución de la opinión con respecto al general Franco. Se aborda la cuestión del exilio a raíz de la guerra civil así como la emigración que se inicia a principios de los 60.This book presents the relations betwen the Swiss authorities and the government of general Franco in their different aspects (economic, social, cultural, political. The study covers from July 18th, 1936, beginning of the civil war, to November 27 th, 1975, day of the enthronement of king Juan Carlos. An important place is reserved for economic relations between both countries, which was obvious for a country such as Switzerland whose international role is notably determined by the economic and financial potency of its firms in worldwide economy. Knowing the ideological dimension of the civil war as well as the existence of a public debate in the Swiss society about the Spanish regime, it was essential to grasp the representation of the Other: how the Spanish and the Swiss are perceived respectively; what is the Swiss position but also the evolution of public opinion regarding general Franco. The question of exile during the civil war and world

Suppression of Na interstitials in Na-F codoped ZnO

Science.gov (United States)

Huo, Wenxing; Mei, Zengxia; Tang, Aihua; Liang, Huili; Du, Xiaolong

2018-04-01

Controlling the formation of interstitial Na (Nai) self-compensating defects has been a long-term physics problem for effective Na doping in ZnO. Herein, we present an experimental approach to the suppression of Nai defects in ZnO via Na and F codoping under an oxygen-rich condition during the molecular beam epitaxy growth process. It is found that the incorporation of such large numbers of Na and F dopants (˜1020 cm-3) does not cause an obvious influence on the lattice parameters. Hall-effect measurements demonstrate that F doping efficiently raises the Fermi level (EF) of ZnO films, which is expected to make the formation energy of Nai and NaZn increase and decrease, respectively. Most of the Na atoms occupy the substitutional Zn sites, and the formation of Nai is suppressed consequently. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements reveal that F and Na atoms are tightly bonded together due to their strong Coulomb interaction. The enhanced deep level emission (DLE) in ZnO:Na-F is ascribed to the considerable amount of isolated Zn vacancy (VZn) defects induced by the elevated EF and the formation of neutral (" separators="| FO + - Na Zn - ) 0 complexes. On the other hand, formation of (" separators="| FO + - VZn 2 - ) - complexes in ZnO:F exhausts most of the isolated Zn vacancies, leading to the disappearance of the DLE band.

OGLAŠEVANJE NA DRUŽBENIH OMREŽJIH NA PRIMERU FACEBOOKA

OpenAIRE

Novak, Martina

2012-01-01

V diplomskem delu obravnavamo družbene medije kot novo priložnost za promocijo in oglaševanje podjetij. Spoznali smo družbena omrežja na splošno in nekaj teh, ki jih uporabljamo tudi v Sloveniji na kratko predstavili. Podrobneje smo se osredotočili na družbeno omrežje Facebook, predvsem na samo spletno stran, njen izgled in storitve, ki jih ponuja uporabnikom. V nalogi je podrobneje opisan Facebook kot orodje za uporabo oglaševanja. Spoznali smo brezplačne in plačljive načine promocije in ogl...

Na+,K+-ATPase Na+ affinity in rat skeletal muscle fiber types

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kristensen, Michael; Juel, Carsten

2010-01-01

Previous studies in expression systems have found different ion activation of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase isozymes, which suggest that different muscles have different ion affinities. The rate of ATP hydrolysis was used to quantify Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity, and the Na(+) affinity of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase...

Crystal structure of Na+, K(+)-ATPase in the Na(+)-bound state.

Science.gov (United States)

Nyblom, Maria; Poulsen, Hanne; Gourdon, Pontus; Reinhard, Linda; Andersson, Magnus; Lindahl, Erik; Fedosova, Natalya; Nissen, Poul

2013-10-04

The Na(+), K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) maintains the electrochemical gradients of Na(+) and K(+) across the plasma membrane--a prerequisite for electrical excitability and secondary transport. Hitherto, structural information has been limited to K(+)-bound or ouabain-blocked forms. We present the crystal structure of a Na(+)-bound Na(+), K(+)-ATPase as determined at 4.3 Å resolution. Compared with the K(+)-bound form, large conformational changes are observed in the α subunit whereas the β and γ subunit structures are maintained. The locations of the three Na(+) sites are indicated with the unique site III at the recently suggested IIIb, as further supported by electrophysiological studies on leak currents. Extracellular release of the third Na(+) from IIIb through IIIa, followed by exchange of Na(+) for K(+) at sites I and II, is suggested.

Almeida Júnior: o sol no meio do caminho

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Naves

2005-11-01

Full Text Available Com foco na tela "Caipira picando fumo", este artigo analisa a obra do pintor Almeida Júnior (1850-1899. O autor discute o tratamento concedido pelo artista ao meio social, à natureza, aos tipos humanos, às peculiaridades regionais. Adiante, problematiza a idéia de nacionalidade em sua obra, marcada por instabilidades de forma que dialogam com a tradição crítica do determinismo naturalista.Focusing the painting "Caipira picando fumo", this article analyses the work of the Brazilian painter Almeida Júnior (1850-1899. The author discusses the way the artist used to depict the social environment, nature, human types and regional particularities. Further on, he puts into question the idea of nationality in Junior's work, which is best understood if seen against the framework of theories such as the naturalist determinism.

Green space and cognitive ageing: A retrospective life course analysis in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.

Science.gov (United States)

Cherrie, Mark P C; Shortt, Niamh K; Mitchell, Richard J; Taylor, Adele M; Redmond, Paul; Thompson, Catharine Ward; Starr, John M; Deary, Ian J; Pearce, Jamie R

2018-01-01

International evidence suggests that green space has beneficial effects on general and mental health but little is known about how lifetime exposure to green space influences cognitive ageing. Employing a novel longitudinal life course approach, we examined the association between lifetime availability of public parks and cognitive ageing. Lifetime residential information was gathered from the participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 using a "life-grid" questionnaire at age 78 years. Parks information from 1949, 1969 and 2009 was used to determine a percentage of parks within a 1500 m buffer zone surrounding residence for childhood, adulthood, and later adulthood periods. Linear regressions were undertaken to test for association with age-standardised, residualised change in cognitive function (Moray House Test score) from age 11 to 70 years, and from age 70 to 76 (n = 281). The most appropriate model was selected using the results of a partial F-test, and then stratified by demographic, genetic and socioeconomic factors. The local provision of park space in childhood and adulthood were both important in explaining the change in cognitive function in later life. The association between childhood and adulthood park availability and change in the Moray House Test Score from age 70 to 76 was strongest for women, those without an APOE e4 allele (a genetic risk factor), and those in the lowest socioeconomic groups. Greater neighbourhood provision of public parks from childhood through to adulthood may help to slow down the rate of cognitive decline in later life, recognising that such environmental associations are always sensitive to individual characteristics. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Entre efectos colaterales y constreñimientos de orden doméstico e internacional : el papel de la política exterior estadounidense en el régimen de los Somoza en Nicaragua (1936 – 1979)

OpenAIRE

Duarte Leal, Diego Fernando

2017-01-01

Esta monografía busca explicar la construcción de la política exterior estadounidense hacia Nicaragua y su incidencia en el régimen de los Somoza (1936 – 1979). Se explicará la construcción de la política exterior estadounidense a partir de la teoría de Fareed Zakaria, en la que se analizarán los factores domésticos y sistémicos que incidieron en ese proceso. Posteriormente, siguiendo los postulados de Giulio Gallarotti, se identificará la incidencia de la política exterior estadounidense en ...

[Neurological changes related to malnutrition during the spanish civil war (1936-1939)].

Science.gov (United States)

Culebras, Jesús M

2014-04-01

In this lecture, given at the International Conferences on Neuroscience, in Quito, May 31st-June 1st of 2013, the topic of famine situations during the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939, was approached. Madrid, the capital of Spain, was under food, water and milk rationing during that period. This situation led to conditions that showed the relationships between the nervous system and nutrition. The Madrilenian population was submitted to a real experiment of hyponutrition, similar to the one that may be reproduced at the laboratory. At the end of the war, the National Direction on Health and the Institute of Medical Investigations, with the collaboration of the Rockefeller Foundation, carried out a series of clinical and food consumption surveys among the Madrilenian population. There were three medical situations that were of particular relevance during the Civil War and after it: the pellagra epidemics, the onset of lathyrism, and the socalled Vallecas syndrome. The occurrence of pellagra cases was paramount because it allowed reconsidering all the unspecific symptoms observed from an already known vitamin deficiency. Pellagra became the most prevalent deficitrelated disease, and most clearly related to nutrition. Lathyrism is a chronic intoxication produced by the accumulation of neurotoxins. It is due to common intake of chickling peas (Lathyrus sativus). Chickling peas are toxic only if they represent more than 30% of the daily calories consumed for a prolonged period greater than two to three months. Lathyrism would reoccur in the Spanish population after the war, in 1941 and 1942, the so called "famine years", when due to the scarcity of foods chickling pea flour was again consumed in high amounts. Deficiency-related neuropathies observed in Madrid during the Civil War led to new and original clinical descriptions. In children from schools of the Vallecas neighborhood, a deficiency syndrome, likely related to vitamin B complex deficiency, was described, which

Meltability in system of K2TaF7-NaF-NaCl-KCl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kartsev, V.E.; Kovalev, F.V.; Korshunov, B.G.

1975-01-01

Thermographic and visual-polythermal techniques were used to study the meltability in K 2 TaF 7 -NaF-NaCl-KCl system. The tetrahedron-forming sections NaF-NaCl-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl and NaF-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl-2K 2 TaF 7 xNaCl divide the concentration tetrahedron into three particular tetrahedra: NaF-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl-2K 2 TaF 7 xNaCl-K 2 TaF 7 , NaF-NaCl-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl-2K 2 TaF 7 xaCl, and NaF-NaCl-KCl-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl. Non-variant equilibrium points in all of the particular four-component systems have been determined

Acercamiento a los debates jesuitas en la villa de Santiago de Cali. Un estudio de prensa, 1849-1850

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolina Abadia Quintero

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar la opinión y controversia creada por la llegada de la Compañía de Jesús a Santiago de Cali, expresa en artículos pu-blicados en los diarios El Sentimiento Democrático y El Ariete. El texto explica cómo la presencia religiosa de los jesuitas sirvió para avivar el conflicto entre los partidos liberal y conservador en 1849 y 1850. La autora contextualiza el problema a partir de las distintas tendencias políticas y el papel de la Orden, que se manifiestan durante el gobierno liberal de José Hilario López. En particular el temor de los sectores liberales respecto de la incidencia de la Compañía en la política, la educación neogranadina y la sociedad en general. Asimismo, el papel y la posición de los conservadores en defensa de los religiosos y respecto de las reformas liberales de la época. Finalmente, se expone cuál fue el papel de los padres de familia respecto de la presencia de los jesuitas y su reclamo en torno a la dirección del Colegio de Santa Librada en Santiago de Calí y la reacción de algunas sociedades democráticas y sectores liberales en la localidad.

Industrial pollution of the Moselle River: the birth, development and management of an environmental problem, 1850-2000

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garcier, J.R.

2005-12-01

In the 1850's, the water quality of surface waters in the Moselle river drainage basin began to suffer from the development of heavy industrial activities (coal and iron ore mining, steel and soda making). Industrial development also fuelled a demographic impetus that proved detrimental to the quality of surface waters. This study uses archival sources to analyse the ineffectiveness of the policies that were launched to regulate pollution. In a region traumatized by the Prussian annexation of a quarter of its surface (1870), industrial production enjoyed a symbolic protection that allowed water pollution to go unabated. The fuzzy status of pollution in law contributed to the immunity of industrialists. From the 1950's on, fear that the region might experience severe water shortages due to the growth of water consumption by industries and cities alike enabled more stringent policies to be devised. They still had to take into account the interests of the heavy industry and their effectiveness is questionable. Hydrological planning was based upon a functionalist vision of water resources that did not take environmental issues into account. The situation changed in the 1970's and 1980's, when European integration and the Sandoz catastrophe in the Rhine (November 1986) tipped the scale in favour of more vigorous environmental policies. This study develops the concepts of a 'regional system' and of the 'mode of construction' of an environmental problem. These prove to be valuable theoretical elements to ground environmental geography studies. (author)

Active transport of Na/sup +/ by reconstituted Na,K-ATPase

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boldyrev, A.A.; Svinukhova, I.A.

1987-02-20

The ability of ATP, CTP, ITP, GTP, and UTP to support ouabain-sensitive accumulation of Na/sup +/ by proteoliposomes with a reconstituted Na/K-pump was investigated. At a low (Na/sup +/)/(K/sup +/) ratio in the medium (20 mM/50 mM), a correlation is observed between the proton-accepting capacity of the nucleotide and its effectiveness as a substrate of active transport. To test the hypothesis of the importance of the presence of a negative charge in the 1-position of the purine (3-pyrimidine) base of the nucleotide for mutual transitions between the Na- and K-conformations of Na,K-ATPase they used two analogs of ATP: N/sub 1/-hydroxy-ATP, possessing proton acceptor capacity, and N/sub 1/-methoxy-ATP, in the molecule of which the negative charge is quenched by a methyl group. The first substrate supports active accumulation of Na/sup +/ in proteoliposomes at the same rate as ATP, whereas the second substrate is relatively ineffective.

Relationship between intracellular Na+ concentration and reduced Na+ affinity in Na+,K+-ATPase mutants causing neurological disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Toustrup-Jensen, Mads Schak; Einholm, Anja P.; Schack, Vivien

The neurological disorders familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2), alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), and rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (RDP) are caused by mutations of Na+,K+-ATPase α2 and α3 isoforms, expressed in glial and neuronal cells, respectively. Although these disorders......, addressing the question to what extent they cause a change of the intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations ([Na+]i and [K+]i) in COS cells. C-terminal extension mutants generally showed dramatically reduced Na+ affinity without disturbance of K+ binding, as did other RDP mutants. No phosphorylation from ATP...

MOŽNOSTI VSTOPA NA TUJE TRGE NA PRIMERU PODJETJA AWOODTURE

OpenAIRE

Orličnik, Urša

2014-01-01

Danes pojavljanje podjetja samo na domačem trgu ni več dovolj. Spremembe okolja, naraščanje konkurence ter hiter tehnološki napredek, silijo podjetja k nenehnemu prilagajanju in iskanju novih priložnosti tako na domačem kot tudi na tujem trgu. Internacionalizacija podjetja tako postaja vedno bolj pomemembna za preživetje podjetja. Internacionalizacija se v najširšem smislu nanaša na vse oblike mednarodnega ekonomskega sodelovanja. Je dinamičen proces, kateremu nujno sledi sprememba stanja...

Further karyosystematic studies of the Boreonectes griseostriatus (De Geer group of sibling species (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae–characterisation of B. emmerichi (Falkenström, 1936 and additional European data

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Robert B. Angus

2015-03-01

Full Text Available A lectotype is designated for the Tibetan species Deronectes emmerichi Falkenström, 1936 (Currently Boreonectes emmerichi (Falkenström, and its habitus, as well as the median lobe and parameres of its aedeagus, are figured along with additional comparative material. Material of B. emmerichi from Sikkim (BMNH represents the first record of a Boreonectes Angus, 2010 species from India. The karyotype of B. emmerichi is described as having 26 pairs of autosomes plus sex chromosomes which are X0 (♂, XX (♀. The karyotype is most like that of B. macedonicus (Géuorguiev, 1959, but with slight differences. Additional chromosomal information is given for B. griseostriatus griseostriatus (De Geer, 1774 in the French Alps, B. g. strandi (Brinck, 1943 on the Kola Peninsula, B. multilineatus (Falkenström, 1922 in the Pyrenees and B. ibericus (Dutton & Angus, 2007 in the Spanish Picos de Europa.

Pecado, deshonor y crimen. El abuso sexual a las niñas: estupro, incesto y violación en Costa Rica (1800-1850, 1900-1950

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Eugenia Rodríguez Sáenz

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Al contrario de lo que algunos investigadores sociales aún mantienen, el abuso sexual no es un fenómeno reciente sino un hecho con profundas raíces históricas (Jackson 2000: 2-3; Gordon 1988: 171. En este sentido, los principales objetivos de este artículo son: 1 analizar las principales tendencias sobre el estupro, el incesto y la violación a las niñas en Costa Rica comparando los períodos de 1800-1850 y 1900-1950; 2 dilucidar qué papel jugaron el Estado, las autoridades y la sociedad en la regulación y sanción respecto del abuso sexual; y 3 explicar cómo se transformaron histórica, legal y socio-culturalmente las percepciones hacia el abuso sexual y las nociones de estupro y violación.

Administración del agua y los recursos de la nación: la Junta Federal de Mejoras Materiales, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 1931-1936

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María del Carmen Zetina Rodríguez

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The government constituted the Federal Board of Material Improvements in order to manage and control the economic resources and the construction of public works at México’s borders and ports. The general purpose of this research was to analyze how this agency was established and operated in Ciudad Juarez, in the context of the centralization/federalization of the country’s water resources, from 1931 to 1936, and, to this end, the historical archives were reviewed. One of the study’s limitations was the lack of background information about the management of the water resources in this town. Its contribution broadens the scarce existing knowledge about the boards’ functioning at the borders. Among the findings made, it can be mentioned that in the municipality of Juarez the loss of autonomy concerning water management was accompanied by a material and economic dispossession, in which several government institutions and agencies participated.

Na/K pump inactivation, subsarcolemmal Na measurements, and cytoplasmic ion turnover kinetics contradict restricted Na spaces in murine cardiac myocytes

OpenAIRE

Lu, Fang-Min; Hilgemann, Donald W.

2017-01-01

The Na/K pump exports cytoplasmic Na ions while importing K ions, and its activity is thought to be affected by restricted intracellular Na diffusion in cardiac myocytes. Lu and Hilgemann find instead that the pump can enter an inactivated state and that inactivation can be relieved by cytoplasmic Na.

História, arte e política: o muralismo do boliviano Miguel Alandia Pantoja History, art and politics: the muralism of the Bolivian Miguel Alandia Pantoja

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Everaldo de Oliveira Andrade

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo pretende avaliar em que medida arte e política se expressaram na criação e na ação do artista e militante político boliviano Miguel Alandia Pantoja, ativo participante de momentos centrais da História do seu país como a guerra do Chaco, a revolução de 1952 e a Comuna de La Paz de 1971. As influências do indigenismo andino e do muralismo mexicano parecem ter-se cruzado com as opções políticas de Alandia e com seu engajamento na proposta dos artistas ligados ao Manifesto por Uma Arte Revolucionária e Independente lançado por André Breton, Diego Rivera e Leon Trotski em 1936, permitindo o surgimento de uma obra original, polêmica e marcante para a História latino-americana.This article intends to evaluate how art and politics are expressed both in the creation and in the action of the Bolivian militant politician Miguel Alandia Pantoja, who was an active participant in decisive moments of his country's history, as the Chaco War, the 1952 Revolution and the Commune of La Paz in 1971. The Andean indigenismo and the Mexican muralist influences seemed to have crossed with Alandia political options and with his enrollment at the proposal made by artists related to the Manifesto for a Revolutionary and Independent Art launched by Andre Breton, Diego Rivera and Leon Trotski in 1936, allowing the uprising of an original and controversial artistic creation for Latin American history.

Orígenes, desarrollo y consolidación de la industria farmacéutica española (ca. 1850-1936

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Rodríguez Nozal, Raúl

2000-06-01

Full Text Available

The historiographical trends in the economic and industrial history comes considering, for some years, the paper carried out by the denominated sectors non leaders in the industrial development of our country. In this framework, and keeping in mind the determining factors of this industry: sanitariums, scientific-technicians and sociological-professionals, we have tried to profile the guide lines for those the Spanish pharmaceutical industrialization has lapsed, from its origins, by the middle of last century, until the beginning of the spanish civil war.

An objective daily Weather Type classification for Iberia since 1850; patterns, trends, variability and impact in precipitation

Science.gov (United States)

Ramos, A. M.; Trigo, R. M.; Lorenzo, M. N.; Vaquero, J. M.; Gallego, M. C.; Valente, M. A.; Gimeno, L.

2009-04-01

In recent years a large number of automated classifications of atmospheric circulation patterns have been published covering the entire European continent or specific sub-regions (Huth et al., 2008). This generalized use of objective classifications results from their relatively straightforward computation but crucially from their capacity to provide simple description of typical synoptic conditions as well as their climatic and environmental impact. For this purpose, the vast majority of authors has employed the Reanalyses datasets, namely from either NCEP/NCAR or ECMWF projects. However, both these widely used datasets suffer from important caveats, namely their restricted temporal coverage, that is limited to the last six decades (NCEP/NCAR since 1948 and ECMWF since 1958). This limitation has been partially mitigated by the recent availability of continuous daily mean sea level pressure obtained within the European project EMULATE, that extended the historic records over the extra-tropical Atlantic and Europe (70°-25° N by 70° W-50° E), for the period 1850 to the present (Ansell, T. J. et al. 2006). Here we have used the extended EMULATE dataset to construct an automated version of the Lamb Weather type (WTs) classification scheme (Jones et al 1993) adapted for the center of the Iberian Peninsula. We have identified 10 basic WTs (Cyclonic, Anticyclonic and 8 directional types) following a similar methodology to that previously adopted by Trigo and DaCamara, 2000 (for Portugal) and Lorenzo et al. 2008 (for Galicia, northwestern Iberia). We have evaluated trends of monthly/seasonal frequency of each WT for the entire period and several shorter periods. Finally, we use the long-term precipitation time series from Lisbon (recently digitized) and Cadiz (southern Spain) to evaluate, the impact of each WT on the precipitation regime. It is shown that the Anticyclonic (A) type, although being the most frequent class in winter, gives a rather small contribution to

Vpliv toplotnih mostov na porabo energije za ogrevanje na primeru osnovne šole

OpenAIRE

Megušar, Primož

2015-01-01

Na primeru Osnovne šole Dobrova sem preveril, kakšen vpliv imajo dejanski toplotni mostovi na porabo energije za ogrevanje. Iz načrtov stavbe sem evidentiral vse toplotne mostove, kateri vplivajo na porabo energije. Tem toplotnim mostovom sem nato v standardu SIST EN ISO 14683 poiskal ustrezne približke. Nato sem s programom TOST izvedel tri simulacije. V prvem primeru toplotnih mostov nisem upošteval. V drugem primeru sem toplotne mostove upošteval na poenostavljen način, v zadnjem primeru p...

Na and K dependence of the Na/K pump in cystic fibrosis fibroblasts.

OpenAIRE

Reznik, V M; Schneider, J A; Mendoza, S A

1981-01-01

The Na and K dependence of the Na/K pump was measured in skin fibroblasts from patients with cystic fibrosis and age/sex-matched controls. Under basal conditions, there was no difference between control and cystic fibrosis cells in protein per cell, intracellular Na and K content, or Na/K pump activity (measured as ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake). There was no difference in the Na dependence of the Na/K pump between cystic fibrosis cells and control cells. In cells from patients with cystic fi...

The pentasulfates A{sub 2}[S{sub 5}O{sub 16}] (A = Li, Na, Cs, Ag). Rare species by reactions in SO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schindler, Lisa Verena; Struckmann, Mona; Becker, Anna; Wickleder, Mathias S. [Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University of Giessen (Germany)

2017-02-03

The reaction of various sulfate salts A{sub 2}SO{sub 4} (A = Li, Na, Ag, Cs) with neat SO{sub 3} led to the respective pentasulfates A{sub 2}[S{sub 5}O{sub 16}] {Li_2[S_5O_1_6]: monoclinic, C2/c, Z = 4, a = 1850.71(7) pm, b = 665.45(2) pm, c = 992.80(4) pm, β = 106.764(2) , V = 1170.72(7) x 10"6 pm"3; Na_2[S_5O_1_6]: orthorhombic, Pbcn, Z = 4, a = 880.17(3) pm, b = 1039.88(4) pm, c = 1348.58(5) pm, V = 1234.32(8) x 10"6 pm"3; Ag_2[S_5O_1_6]: orthorhombic, Pbcn, Z = 4, a = 884.34(4) pm, b = 1043.19(5) pm, c = 1381.83(7) pm, V = 1274.8(1) x 10"6 pm"3; Cs_2[S_5O_1_6]: monoclinic, P2_1, Z = 4, a = 892.96(3) pm, b = 859.72(3) pm, c = 978.30(4) pm, β = 101.443(2) , V = 736.11(5) x 10"6 pm"3}. All four compounds are colorless and extremely moisture-sensitive substances. They all contain the pentasulfate anion [S{sub 5}O{sub 16}]{sup 2-} that has, until now, only been reported once. This comparative study of polysulfate salts with the same polysulfate anion, but varying countercations, is a crucial step in comprehending this very basic and, nevertheless, poorly investigated class of materials. Raman spectroscopy and powder diffraction complete the structural investigations. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

O pensamento conservador ibero-americano na era das independências (1808-1850 Conservative ibero-american thought in the age of independences (1808-1850

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Christian Edward Cyril Lynch

2008-01-01

Full Text Available A intenção do artigo é fornecer um panorama ideológico da América Ibérica da época das independências, especialmente no que diz respeito às ideologias de direita. Busca-se, assim, definir o que seja conservadorismo, distinguindo-o do puro reacionarismo para, em seguida, comparar a orientação de José Bonifácio e de Marquês de Caravelas, no Brasil, com aquela desenvolvida por Bolívar, tendo em vista os dilemas do conservadorismo ibero-americano. A comparação esclarece as diferentes trajetórias da antiga América portuguesa e da antiga América hispânica, no decorrer do século XIX.This article intends to study the right-wing ideologies of Latin America during the first half of the nineteenth century. At first, it tries to define what conservatism is and to point out its differences from the rhetoric of reaction; later, the thought of José Bonifacio and the Marquis of Caravelas is compared to that of Simon Bolivar, underlying the dilemmas of Latin American conservatism. The comparison enlightens the different ways followed by the ancient Portuguese and Hispanic America after political independence.

Vliv mikroflóry na senzorické vlastnosti vína

OpenAIRE

Petrášová, Ludmila

2014-01-01

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá vlivem mikroflóry na senzorické vlastnosti vína. Teoretická část informuje o botanickém popisu hroznů vína Veltlínské zelené, dále o jeho složení, o technologii zpracování bílého vína a o vlivu kvasinek na aromatický profil vína. V další části popisuje metodu stanovení aromaticky aktivních látek pomocí plynové chromatografie v kombinaci s mikroextrakcí tuhou fází (SPME-GC). Cílem experimentální části bylo proměřit vzorky 4 různých moštů odrůdy Veltlínské zelené...

Alzheimer's disease susceptibility genes APOE and TOMM40, and hippocampal volumes in the Lothian birth cohort 1936.

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Donald M Lyall

Full Text Available The APOE ε and TOMM40 rs10524523 ('523' variable length poly-T repeat gene loci have been significantly and independently associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD related phenotypes such as age of clinical onset. Hippocampal atrophy has been significantly associated with memory impairment, a characteristic of AD. The current study aimed to test for independent effects of APOE ε and TOMM40 '523' genotypes on hippocampal volumes as assessed by brain structural MRI in a relatively large sample of community-dwelling older adults. As part of a longitudinal study of cognitive ageing, participants in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 underwent genotyping for APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 status and TOMM40 '523' poly-T repeat length, and detailed structural brain MRI at a mean age of 72.7 years (standard deviation = 0.7, N range = 624 to 636. No significant effects of APOE ε or TOMM40 523 genotype were found on hippocampal volumes when analysed raw, or when adjusted for either intracranial or total brain tissue volumes. In summary, in a large community-dwelling sample of older adults, we found no effects of APOE ε or TOMM40 523 genotypes on hippocampal volumes. This is discrepant with some previous reports of significant association between APOE and left/right hippocampal volumes, and instead echoes other reports that found no association. Previous significant findings may partly reflect type 1 error. Future studies should carefully consider: 1 their specific techniques in adjusting for brain size; 2 assessing more detailed sub-divisions of the hippocampal formation; and 3 testing whether significant APOE-hippocampal associations are independent of generalised brain atrophy.

Ancient hunters and their modern representatives: William Sollas's (1849-1936) Anthropology from disappointed bridge to trunkless tree and the instrumentalisation of racial conflict.

Science.gov (United States)

Sommer, Marianne

2005-01-01

During the first decades of the 20th century, many anthropologists who had previously adhered to a linear view of human evolution, from an ape via Pithecanthropus erectus (today Homo erectus) and Neanderthal to modern humans, began to change their outlook. A shift towards a branching model of human evolution began to take hold. Among the scientific factors motivating this trend was the insight that mammalian evolution in general was best represented by a branching tree, rather than by a straight line, and that several new fossil hominids were discovered that differed significantly in their morphology but seemed to date from about the same period. The ideological and practical implications of imperialism and WWI have also been identified as formative of the new evolutionary scenarios in which racial conflict played a crucial role. The paper will illustrate this general shift in anthropological theory for one particular scientist, William Sollas (1849-1936). Sollas achieved a synthesis of human morphological and cultural evolution in what I will refer to as an imperialist model. In this theoretical framework, migration, conflict, and replacement became the main mechanisms for progress spurred by 'nature's tyrant,' natural selection.

Moneda y banca en una economía aurífera. La Región de Antioquia (Colombia, 1850-1890

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María Mercedes Botero Restrepo

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Desde mediados del siglo XIX Antioquia experimentó un auge de la minería que la posicionó como principal exportadora de oro al mercado externo. El desarrollo de la producción aurífera generó una mayor demanda, razón por lo cual los grandes comerciantes aumentaron la importación de mercancías extranjeras así como productos de otras partes del país. El avance de los intercambios mercantiles estuvo acompañado de un incremento en la circulación monetaria. Con el apoyo de fuentes primarias, en este trabajo pretendo explorar la forma como operó y se adecuó el sistema monetario en esta economía exportadora de oro.In the 1850s, Antioquia started showing significant commercial development resulting mostly from gold-mining expansion. New mining sites generated new markets and trade networks that joined small localities with cities and foreign markets. Based on the archives of commercial houses of the time, this essay contributes to studies of 19th century monetary issues, describing different forms of money placed into circulation that facilitated the exchange of goods and services in this mining economy.

Further karyosystematic studies of the Boreonectes griseostriatus (De Geer) group of sibling species (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)–characterisation of B. emmerichi (Falkenström, 1936) and additional European data

Science.gov (United States)

Angus, Robert B.; Angus, Elizabeth M.; Jia, Fenglong; Chen, Zhen-ning; Zhang, Ying

2015-01-01

Abstract A lectotype is designated for the Tibetan species Deronectes emmerichi Falkenström, 1936 (Currently Boreonectes emmerichi (Falkenström)), and its habitus, as well as the median lobe and parameres of its aedeagus, are figured along with additional comparative material. Material of Boreonectes emmerichi from Sikkim (BMNH) represents the first record of a Boreonectes Angus, 2010 species from India. The karyotype of Boreonectes emmerichi is described as having 26 pairs of autosomes plus sex chromosomes which are X0 (♂), XX (♀). The karyotype is most like that of Boreonectes macedonicus (Géuorguiev, 1959), but with slight differences. Additional chromosomal information is given for Boreonectes griseostriatus griseostriatus (De Geer, 1774) in the French Alps, Boreonectes griseostriatus strandi (Brinck, 1943) on the Kola Peninsula, Boreonectes multilineatus (Falkenström, 1922) in the Pyrenees and Boreonectes ibericus (Dutton & Angus, 2007) in the Spanish Picos de Europa. PMID:25893080

Laços de sociabilidade, filantropia e o Hospital do Câncer do Rio de Janeiro (1922-1936)

OpenAIRE

Sanglard, Gisele

2010-01-01

Este artigo tem por objetivo estudar a construção do Hospital do Câncer na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a partir de uma análise das ações e dos grupos sociais envolvidos com a filantropia na cidade, durante a Primeira República. Para tal, apresenta-se um estudo prosopográfico inicial dessa elite, apontando para sua configuração na criação da instituição. Um segundo recorte refere-se às ações filantrópicas de Guilherme Guinle nesse período. The article explores construction of the Cancer Hospi...

Exhumación, identificación y causa de muerte en 1936 de los restos humanos recuperados en la sima El Raso de Urbasa (Navarra

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Herrasti, L., Ríos, L., Pérez de la Iglesia, L., Baeta, M., Nuñez, C., Martínez de Pancorbo, M., CAstaños, P., Castaños, J., Etxeberria, F.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se presentan, en este caso, los resultados de la investigación llevada a cabo en una sima de Urbasa (Navarra, a la que fueron arrojados los cadáveres de diez personas asesinadas en 1936, con el propósito de ocultar el crimen, durante la Guerra Civil española. Se trata de población civil, que fue asesinada con carácter extrajudicial. Como aspecto tafonómico a destacar, los restos humanos presentan marcas de carroñeo provocado por perros que cayeron o fueron echados a la sima en la misma época. A partir del análisis histórico, arqueológico, antropológico y genético, se establece la identidad y la causa de muerte de estas víctimas como parte de las investigaciones desarrolladas en materia de Memoria Histórica. Las evidencias de carácter forense confirman los hechos conocidos históricamente con carácter objetivo, como evidencia del crimen cometido contra víctimas de población civil.

Study of the Na-C-O and Na-H-O ternary systems in the sodium rich corner

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maupre, J.-P.

1978-02-01

The purpose of this study is to provide a contribution to the understanding of the sodium - carbon - oxygen and sodium - hydrogen - oxygen ternary systems in the sodium rich corner. In order to do this the Na-NaH-Na 2 O-NaOH phase diagram was completed and the Na-Na 2 O-Na 2 CO 3 -C phase diagram was outlined. This work is made up of two parts. The first is devoted to a critical literature survey essential to establish correct phase diagrams. The second is an experimental study followed by a discussion collating our finding to the literary data. The basic experimental technique used is differential thermal analysis (DTA) but it has been completed by quenching, X-ray and chemical analysis methods. The proposed phase diagrams imply that Na-NaH-Na 2 O-NaOH and Na-Na 2 O-Na 2 CO 3 -C systems are reciprocal ternary systems. Temperatures of stable pairs reversal are respectively 410 and 690 0 C. The stable pairs are Na-NaOH and Na-Na 2 CO 3 at elevated temperature, Na 2 O-NaH and Na 2 O-C at low temperature [fr

Response of saliva Na/K ratio to changing Na supply of lactating cows under tropical conditions.

Science.gov (United States)

Thiangtum, Wandee; Schonewille, J Thomas; Verstegen, Martin Wa; Arsawakulsudhi, Supot; Rukkwamsuk, Theera; Hendriks, Wouter H

2017-06-01

Factorial determination of the sodium (Na) requirement of heat-stressed lactating cows is hindered by accurate estimates of the Na losses through sweat. Direct studies, therefore, may be needed requiring information on the time course of healthy animals to become Na depleted and the subsequent rate of repletion. The rate of Na depletion and subsequent rate of Na repletion with two levels of dietary Na to lactating dairy cows housed under tropical conditions were investigated using the salivary Na/K. The 12 lactating cows (salivary Na/K ratio 14.6) rapidly developed clinical signs of Na deficiency, including pica, polyuria and polydipsia, reduced body weight and reduced milk yield when fed a low-Na ration (0.33 g kg -1 dry matter (DM)) for 3 weeks. Deficiency symptoms were associated with a rapid decrease in salivary Na/K ratio to cows with NaCl to a ration concentration of 1.1 or 1.6 g Na kg -1 DM for 5 weeks did not restore salivary Na/K ratio to values of >6. A daily Na intake of heat-stressed lactating cows to a ration intake of 1.6 g Na kg -1 DM was insufficient to restore Na deficiency. One week was sufficient to deplete heat-stressed lactating cows of Na, allowing for rapid dose-response studies utilizing the salivary Na/K ratio as a parameter for Na status of cows under tropical conditions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Glutathionylation-Dependence of Na+-K+-Pump Currents Can Mimic Reduced Subsarcolemmal Na+ Diffusion

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia, Alvaro; Liu, Chia-Chi; Cornelius, Flemming; Clarke, Ronald J.; Rasmussen, Helge H.

2016-01-01

The existence of a subsarcolemmal space with restricted diffusion for Na+ in cardiac myocytes has been inferred from a transient peak electrogenic Na+-K+ pump current beyond steady state on reexposure of myocytes to K+ after a period of exposure to K+-free extracellular solution. The transient peak current is attributed to enhanced electrogenic pumping of Na+ that accumulated in the diffusion-restricted space during pump inhibition in K+-free extracellular solution. However, there are no known physical barriers that account for such restricted Na+ diffusion, and we examined if changes of activity of the Na+-K+ pump itself cause the transient peak current. Reexposure to K+ reproduced a transient current beyond steady state in voltage-clamped ventricular myocytes as reported by others. Persistence of it when the Na+ concentration in patch pipette solutions perfusing the intracellular compartment was high and elimination of it with K+-free pipette solution could not be reconciled with restricted subsarcolemmal Na+ diffusion. The pattern of the transient current early after pump activation was dependent on transmembrane Na+- and K+ concentration gradients suggesting the currents were related to the conformational poise imposed on the pump. We examined if the currents might be accounted for by changes in glutathionylation of the β1 Na+-K+ pump subunit, a reversible oxidative modification that inhibits the pump. Susceptibility of the β1 subunit to glutathionylation depends on the conformational poise of the Na+-K+ pump, and glutathionylation with the pump stabilized in conformations equivalent to those expected to be imposed on voltage-clamped myocytes supported this hypothesis. So did elimination of the transient K+-induced peak Na+-K+ pump current when we included glutaredoxin 1 in patch pipette solutions to reverse glutathionylation. We conclude that transient K+-induced peak Na+-K+ pump current reflects the effect of conformation-dependent β1 pump subunit

Glutathionylation-Dependence of Na(+)-K(+)-Pump Currents Can Mimic Reduced Subsarcolemmal Na(+) Diffusion.

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia, Alvaro; Liu, Chia-Chi; Cornelius, Flemming; Clarke, Ronald J; Rasmussen, Helge H

2016-03-08

The existence of a subsarcolemmal space with restricted diffusion for Na(+) in cardiac myocytes has been inferred from a transient peak electrogenic Na(+)-K(+) pump current beyond steady state on reexposure of myocytes to K(+) after a period of exposure to K(+)-free extracellular solution. The transient peak current is attributed to enhanced electrogenic pumping of Na(+) that accumulated in the diffusion-restricted space during pump inhibition in K(+)-free extracellular solution. However, there are no known physical barriers that account for such restricted Na(+) diffusion, and we examined if changes of activity of the Na(+)-K(+) pump itself cause the transient peak current. Reexposure to K(+) reproduced a transient current beyond steady state in voltage-clamped ventricular myocytes as reported by others. Persistence of it when the Na(+) concentration in patch pipette solutions perfusing the intracellular compartment was high and elimination of it with K(+)-free pipette solution could not be reconciled with restricted subsarcolemmal Na(+) diffusion. The pattern of the transient current early after pump activation was dependent on transmembrane Na(+)- and K(+) concentration gradients suggesting the currents were related to the conformational poise imposed on the pump. We examined if the currents might be accounted for by changes in glutathionylation of the β1 Na(+)-K(+) pump subunit, a reversible oxidative modification that inhibits the pump. Susceptibility of the β1 subunit to glutathionylation depends on the conformational poise of the Na(+)-K(+) pump, and glutathionylation with the pump stabilized in conformations equivalent to those expected to be imposed on voltage-clamped myocytes supported this hypothesis. So did elimination of the transient K(+)-induced peak Na(+)-K(+) pump current when we included glutaredoxin 1 in patch pipette solutions to reverse glutathionylation. We conclude that transient K(+)-induced peak Na(+)-K(+) pump current reflects the effect

O estilo em Alfred Döblin

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Elcio Loureiro Cornelsen

2010-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar alguns aspectos teóricos postulados pelo escritor alemão Alfred Döblin em seus ensaios ao desenvolver sua própria concepção da obra épica na "era da técnica" à luz de questões estilísticas, propondo conceitos como "estilo cinematográfico", "despersonalização", "fantasia factual" e "fantasia cinética". Para uma delimitação conceitual em relação à noção de "estilo", serão tomadas por base as considerações de Antoine Compagnon, postuladas na obra O demônio da teoria (1999, bem como as reflexões de Walter Benjamin, presentes na resenha "A crise do romance" (1930 e no ensaio "O narrador" (1936.

Crystal structure of a Na+-bound Na+,K+-ATPase preceding the E1P state.

Science.gov (United States)

Kanai, Ryuta; Ogawa, Haruo; Vilsen, Bente; Cornelius, Flemming; Toyoshima, Chikashi

2013-10-10

Na(+),K(+)-ATPase pumps three Na(+) ions out of cells in exchange for two K(+) taken up from the extracellular medium per ATP molecule hydrolysed, thereby establishing Na(+) and K(+) gradients across the membrane in all animal cells. These ion gradients are used in many fundamental processes, notably excitation of nerve cells. Here we describe 2.8 Å-resolution crystal structures of this ATPase from pig kidney with bound Na(+), ADP and aluminium fluoride, a stable phosphate analogue, with and without oligomycin that promotes Na(+) occlusion. These crystal structures represent a transition state preceding the phosphorylated intermediate (E1P) in which three Na(+) ions are occluded. Details of the Na(+)-binding sites show how this ATPase functions as a Na(+)-specific pump, rejecting K(+) and Ca(2+), even though its affinity for Na(+) is low (millimolar dissociation constant). A mechanism for sequential, cooperative Na(+) binding can now be formulated in atomic detail.

Na+-H+ exchange and Na+-dependent transport systems in streptozotocin diabetic rat kidneys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El-Seifi, S.; Freiberg, J.M.; Kinsella, F.J.; Cheng, L.; Sacktor, B.

1987-01-01

The streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat was used to test the hypothesis that Na + -H + exchange activity in the proximal tubule luminal membrane would be increased in association with renal hypertrophy, altered glomerular hemodynamics, enhanced filtered load and tubular reabsorption of 22 Na + , and stimulated 22 Na= pump activity in the basolateral membrane, previously reported characteristics of this experimental animal model. Amiloride-sensitive H + gradient-dependent Na + uptake and Na + gradient-dependent H + flux were increased in brush-border membrane vesicles from the streptozotocin-treated animals. Na + gradient-dependent uptakes of phosphate, D-glucose, L-proline, and myoinositol were decreased in the drug-induced diabetic animals. These membrane transport alterations were not found when the streptozotocin-diabetic animals were treated with insulin

The two C-terminal tyrosines stabilize occluded Na/K pump conformations containing Na or K ions.

Science.gov (United States)

Vedovato, Natascia; Gadsby, David C

2010-07-01

Interactions of the three transported Na ions with the Na/K pump remain incompletely understood. Na/K pump crystal structures show that the extended C terminus of the Na,K-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) alpha subunit directly contacts transmembrane helices. Deletion of the last five residues (KETYY in almost all Na/K pumps) markedly lowered the apparent affinity for Na activation of pump phosphorylation from ATP, a reflection of cytoplasmic Na affinity for forming the occluded E1P(Na3) conformation. ATPase assays further suggested that C-terminal truncations also interfere with low affinity Na interactions, which are attributable to extracellular effects. Because extracellular Na ions traverse part of the membrane's electric field to reach their binding sites in the Na/K pump, their movements generate currents that can be monitored with high resolution. We report here electrical measurements to examine how Na/K pump interactions with extracellular Na ions are influenced by C-terminal truncations. We deleted the last two (YY) or five (KESYY) residues in Xenopus laevis alpha1 Na/K pumps made ouabain resistant by either of two kinds of point mutations and measured their currents as 10-mM ouabain-sensitive currents in Xenopus oocytes after silencing endogenous Xenopus Na/K pumps with 1 microM ouabain. We found the low affinity inhibitory influence of extracellular Na on outward Na/K pump current at negative voltages to be impaired in all of the C-terminally truncated pumps. Correspondingly, voltage jump-induced transient charge movements that reflect pump interactions with extracellular Na ions were strongly shifted to more negative potentials; this signals a several-fold reduction of the apparent affinity for extracellular Na in the truncated pumps. Parallel lowering of Na affinity on both sides of the membrane argues that the C-terminal contacts provide important stabilization of the occluded E1P(Na3) conformation, regardless of the route of Na ion entry into the

Represión política, justicia y reparación, la memoria histórica en perspectiva histórica (1936-2008, ouvrage collectif coordonné par Margalida Capellá et David Ginard

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antoine Fraile

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Represión política, justicia y reparación, la memoria histórica en perspectiva histórica (1936-2008 est un ouvrage collectif coordonné par Margálida Capellá, spécialiste de Droit Public International à l’Université des Baléares et David Ginard, professeur d’Histoire Contemporaine à l’Université d’Alicante. Le titre de l’ouvrage correspond au libellé d’un séminaire qui s’est déroulé à l’Université des Baléares en février 2006 et reprend les six leçons qui y ont été dispensées. L’ouvrage a été...

Anion-coupled Na efflux mediated by the human red blood cell Na/K pump

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dissing, S.; Hoffman, J.F.

1990-01-01

The red cell Na/K pump is known to continue to extrude Na when both Na and K are removed from the external medium. Because this ouabain-sensitive flux occurs in the absence of an exchangeable cation, it is referred to as uncoupled Na efflux. This flux is also known to be inhibited by 5 mM Nao but to a lesser extent than that inhibitable by ouabain. Uncoupled Na efflux via the Na/K pump therefore can be divided into a Nao-sensitive and Nao-insensitive component. We used DIDS-treated, SO4-equilibrated human red blood cells suspended in HEPES-buffered (pHo 7.4) MgSO4 or (Tris)2SO4, in which we measured 22Na efflux, 35SO4 efflux, and changes in the membrane potential with the fluorescent dye, diS-C3 (5). A principal finding is that uncoupled Na efflux occurs electroneurally, in contrast to the pump's normal electrogenic operation when exchanging Nai for Ko. This electroneutral uncoupled efflux of Na was found to be balanced by an efflux of cellular anions. (We were unable to detect any ouabain-sensitive uptake of protons, measured in an unbuffered medium at pH 7.4 with a Radiometer pH-STAT.) The Nao-sensitive efflux of Nai was found to be 1.95 +/- 0.10 times the Nao-sensitive efflux of (SO4)i, indicating that the stoichiometry of this cotransport is two Na+ per SO4=, accounting for 60-80% of the electroneutral Na efflux. The remainder portion, that is, the ouabain-sensitive Nao-insensitive component, has been identified as PO4-coupled Na transport and is the subject of a separate paper. That uncoupled Na efflux occurs as a cotransport with anions is supported by the result, obtained with resealed ghosts, that when internal and external SO4 was substituted by the impermeant anion, tartrate i,o, the efflux of Na was inhibited 60-80%. This inhibition could be relieved by the inclusion, before DIDS treatment, of 5 mM Cli,o

Na5NbO5 and Na5TaO5 phases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Darriet, J.; Maazaz, A.; Bouloux, J.C.; Delmas, C.

1982-01-01

New ternary oxides of formulas Na 5 NbO 5 and Na 5 TaO 5 have been prepared. They crystallize in the monoclinic system (space group C2/c). The crystal structure of Na 5 NbO 5 has been determined. It derives from a NaCl-type structure by ordering of the cations and of the oxygen vacancies in the anionic sublattice, the corresponding formula being Nasub(5/6)Nbsub(1/6)Osub(5/6)vacant sub(1/6). Sodium and niobium have a distorted square-pyramidal surrounding. (author)

Pensionikindlustuse areng Eestis : [bakalaureusetöö] / Anneli Saavan ; Õigusinstituut ; juhendaja: Eve Liblik

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saavan, Anneli

2000-01-01

Pensioni mõiste, pensionikorraldus aastatel 1918-1936, 1936. a. pensioniseadus, Kaitseliidu pensioniseadus, 1936. a. kaitseväelaste pensioniseadus, personaalpensionid, 1956. a. riiklike pensionide seadus, pensionid 80-90-tel, pensionireform

Synthesis of Na-A and/or Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites from carbonized rice husk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Katsuki, Hiroaki; Komarneni, Sridhar

2009-01-01

Na-A and/or Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites were prepared under hydrothermal conditions by NaOH dissolution of silica first from carbonized rice husk followed by addition of NaAlO 2 and in situ crystallization of zeolites i.e., using a two-step process. When a one-step process was used, both Na-A and Na-X zeolites crystallized on the surface of carbon. Na-A or Na-X zeolite crystals were prepared on the porous carbonized rice husk at 90 deg. C for 2-6 h by changing the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 , H 2 O/Na 2 O and Na 2 O/SiO 2 molar ratios of precursors in the two-step process. The surface area and NH 4 + -cation exchange capacity (CEC) of Na-A zeolite/porous carbon were found to be 171 m 2 /g and 506 meq/100 g, respectively, while those of Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites were 676 m 2 /g and 317 meq/100 g, respectively. Na-A and Na-X zeolites are well-known microporous and hydrophilic materials while carbonized rice husk was found to be mesoporous (pores of ∼3.9 nm) and hydrophobic. These hybrid microporous-mesoporous and hydrophilic-hydrophobic composites are expected to be useful for decontamination of metal cations as well as organic contaminants simultaneously. - Graphical Abstract: Novel Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composite.

Equilibrium chemical transformations in NaPO3 + NaCl melts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovarskaya, E.N.; Rodionov, Yu.I.

1988-01-01

Because of the problems of the burial of solidified radioactive wastes into different geological rock formations, in particular into massives of rock-salt, the state of molten polyphosphate-chloride mixtures (taking into account the chemical character of the interaction of their components) for a prolonged period of time. The equilibrium products of the reaction in the NaPO 3 -NaCl system were studied in melts in air in the composition range of 30-70 mole % NaCl. It was shown that with increase in the NaCl content in the mixtures, the polyphosphate gradually depolymerizes to sodium tri-, di-, and monophosphates, and the composition of the equilibrium melts is dependent only on the ratio between the components in the initial molten mixtures. The time until the equilibrium is attained is shorter, the higher is the experimental temperature

Long-Range Effects of Na(+) Binding in Na,K-ATPase Reported by ATP.

Science.gov (United States)

Middleton, David A; Fedosova, Natalya U; Esmann, Mikael

2015-12-01

This paper addresses the question of long-range interactions between the intramembranous cation binding sites and the cytoplasmic nucleotide binding site of the ubiquitous ion-transporting Na,K-ATPase using (13)C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. High-affinity ATP binding is induced by the presence of Na(+) as well as of Na-like substances such as Tris(+), and these ions are equally efficient promoters of nucleotide binding. CP-MAS analysis of bound ATP with Na,K-ATPase purified from pig kidney membranes reveals subtle differences in the nucleotide interactions within the nucleotide site depending on whether Na(+) or Tris(+) is used to induce binding. Differences in chemical shifts for ATP atoms C1' and C5' observed in the presence of Na(+) or Tris(+) suggest alterations in the residues surrounding the bound nucleotide, hydrogen bonding, and/or conformation of the ribose ring. This is taken as evidence of a long-distance communication between the Na(+)-filled ion sites in the membrane interior and the nucleotide binding site in the cytoplasmic domain and reflects the first conformational change ultimately leading to phosphorylation of the enzyme. Stopped-flow fluorescence measurements with the nucleotide analogue eosin show that the dissociation rate constant for eosin is larger in Tris(+) than in Na(+), giving kinetic evidence of the difference in structural effects of Na(+) and Tris(+). According to the recent crystal structure of the E1·AlF4(-)·ADP·3Na(+) form, the coupling between the ion binding sites and the nucleotide side is mediated by, among others, the M5 helix.

Interaction between Na+/K+-pump and Na+/Ca2+-exchanger modulates intercellular communication.

Science.gov (United States)

Matchkov, Vladimir V; Gustafsson, Helena; Rahman, Awahan; Briggs Boedtkjer, Donna M; Gorintin, Sarah; Hansen, Anne Kirstine; Bouzinova, Elena V; Praetorius, Helle A; Aalkjaer, Christian; Nilsson, Holger

2007-04-13

Ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the Na(+)/K(+)-pump, has previously been shown to interfere with intercellular communication. Here we test the hypothesis that the communication between vascular smooth muscle cells is regulated through an interaction between the Na(+)/K(+)-pump and the Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger leading to an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in discrete areas near the plasma membrane. [Ca(2+)](i) in smooth muscle cells was imaged in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cell pairs (A7r5) and in rat mesenteric small artery segments simultaneously with force. In A7r5 coupling between cells was estimated by measuring membrane capacitance. Smooth muscle cells were uncoupled when the Na(+)/K(+)-pump was inhibited either by a low concentration of ouabain, which also caused a localized increase of [Ca(2+)](i) near the membrane, or by ATP depletion. Reduction of Na(+)/K(+)-pump activity by removal of extracellular potassium ([K(+)](o)) also uncoupled cells, but only after inhibition of K(ATP) channels. Inhibition of the Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchange activity by SEA0400 or by a reduction of the equilibrium potential (making it more negative) also uncoupled the cells. Depletion of intracellular Na(+) and clamping of [Ca(2+)](i) at low concentrations prevented the uncoupling. The experiments suggest that the Na(+)/K(+)-pump may affect gap junction conductivity via localized changes in [Ca(2+)](i) through modulation of Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger activity.

The male-female health-survival paradox and sex differences in cohort life expectancy in Utah, Denmark, and Sweden 1850-1910.

Science.gov (United States)

Lindahl-Jacobsen, Rune; Hanson, Heidi A; Oksuzyan, Anna; Mineau, Geraldine P; Christensen, Kaare; Smith, Ken R

2013-04-01

In Utah, the prevalence of unhealthy male risk behaviors are lower than in most other male populations, whereas women experience higher mortality risk because of higher fertility rates. Therefore, we hypothesize that the Utah sex differential in mortality would be small and less than in Sweden and Denmark. Life tables from Utah, Denmark, and Sweden were used to calculate cohort life expectancies for men and women born in 1850-1910. The sex difference in cohort life expectancy was similar or larger in Utah when compared with Denmark and Sweden. The change over time in the sex differences in cohort life expectancy was approximately 2 years smaller for active Mormons in Utah than for other groups suggesting lifestyle as an important component for the overall change seen in cohort life expectancy. Sex differences in cohort life expectancy at the age of 50 years were similar for individuals actively affiliated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and for Denmark and Sweden. The hypothesis that a smaller sex difference in cohort life expectancies in Utah would be detected in relation to Denmark and Sweden was not supported. In Utah, the male-female differences in life expectancy remain substantial pointing toward biological mechanisms or other unmeasured risk factors. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Intracellular Na(+) and metabolic modulation of Na/K pump and excitability in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yi-Chi; Yang, Jyh-Jeen; Huang, Rong-Chi

2012-10-01

Na/K pump activity and metabolic rate are both higher during the day in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that houses the circadian clock. Here we investigated the role of intracellular Na(+) and energy metabolism in regulating Na/K pump activity and neuronal excitability. Removal of extracellular K(+) to block the Na/K pump excited SCN neurons to fire at higher rates and return to normal K(+) to reactivate the pump produced rebound hyperpolarization to inhibit firing. In the presence of tetrodotoxin to block the action potentials, both zero K(+)-induced depolarization and rebound hyperpolarization were blocked by the cardiac glycoside strophanthidin. Ratiometric Na(+) imaging with a Na(+)-sensitive fluorescent dye indicated saturating accumulation of intracellular Na(+) in response to pump blockade with zero K(+). The Na(+) ionophore monensin also induced Na(+) loading and hyperpolarized the membrane potential, with the hyperpolarizing effect of monensin abolished in zero Na(+) or by pump blockade. Conversely, Na(+) depletion with Na(+)-free pipette solution depolarized membrane potential but retained residual Na/K pump activity. Cyanide inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation blocked the Na/K pump to depolarize resting potential and increase spontaneous firing in most cells, and to raise intracellular Na(+) levels in all cells. Nonetheless, the Na/K pump was incompletely blocked by cyanide but completely blocked by iodoacetate to inhibit glycolysis, indicating the involvement of both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in fueling the Na/K pump. Together, the results indicate the importance of intracellular Na(+) and energy metabolism in regulating Na/K pump activity as well as neuronal excitability in the SCN neurons.

Synthesis of zeolites Na-A and Na-X from tablet compressed and calcinated coal fly ash

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Tao; Gao, Wenyan; Liu, Xin; Zhang, Yifu; Meng, Changgong

2017-10-01

Zeolites Na-A and Na-X are important synthetic zeolites widely used for separation and adsorption in industry. It is of great significance to develop energy-efficient routines that can synthesize zeolites Na-A and Na-X from low-cost raw materials. Coal fly ash (CFA) is the major residue from the combustion of coal and biomass containing more than 85% SiO2 and Al2O3, which can readily replace the conventionally used sodium silicate and aluminate for zeolite synthesis. We used Na2CO3 to replace the expensive NaOH used for the calcination of CFA and showed that tablet compression can enhance the contact with Na2CO3 for the activation of CFA through calcination for the synthesis of zeolites Na-A and Na-X under mild conditions. We optimized the control variables for zeolite synthesis and showed that phase-pure zeolite Na-A can be synthesized with CFA at reactant molar ratio, hydrothermal reaction temperature and reaction time of 1.3Na2O: 0.6Al2O3: 1SiO2: 38H2O at 80°C for 6 h, respectively, while phase-pure zeolite Na-X can be synthesized at 2.2Na2O: 0.2Al2O3: 1SiO2: 88H2O at 100°C for 8 h, respectively. The composition, morphology, specific surface area, vibration spectrum and thermogravimetry of synthesized Na-A and Na-X were further characterized.

The CERES / NA45 experiment

CERN Multimedia

Laurent Guiraud

2000-01-01

Ceres is one of the second generation heavy ion experiments at CERN's SPS. It is dedicated to the study of electron-positron pairs in relativistic nuclear collisions. NA45 is one of the seven experiments (NA44, NA45, NA49, NA50, NA52, WA97/NA57 and WA98) involved in CERN's Heavy Ion programme which provided evidence for the existence of a new state of matter, the quark-gluon plasma. In this state, quarks, instead of being bound up into more complex particles such as protons and neutrons, are liberated and roam freely. Theory predicts that this state must have existed at about 10 microseconds after the Big Bang, before the formation of matter as we know it today.

The rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism mutation D923N of the Na+, K+-ATPase alpha3 isoform disrupts Na+ interaction at the third Na+ site.

Science.gov (United States)

Einholm, Anja Pernille; Toustrup-Jensen, Mads S; Holm, Rikke; Andersen, Jens Peter; Vilsen, Bente

2010-08-20

Rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (RDP), a rare neurological disorder, is caused by mutation of the neuron-specific alpha3-isoform of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase. Here, we present the functional consequences of RDP mutation D923N. Relative to the wild type, the mutant exhibits a remarkable approximately 200-fold reduction of Na(+) affinity for activation of phosphorylation from ATP, reflecting a defective interaction of the E(1) form with intracellular Na(+). This is the largest effect on Na(+) affinity reported so far for any Na(+), K(+)-ATPase mutant. D923N also affects the interaction with extracellular Na(+) normally driving the E(1)P to E(2)P conformational transition backward. However, no impairment of K(+) binding was observed for D923N, leading to the conclusion that Asp(923) is specifically associated with the third Na(+) site that is selective toward Na(+). The crystal structure of the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase in E(2) form shows that Asp(923) is located in the cytoplasmic half of transmembrane helix M8 inside a putative transport channel, which is lined by residues from the transmembrane helices M5, M7, M8, and M10 and capped by the C terminus, recently found involved in recognition of the third Na(+) ion. Structural modeling of the E(1) form of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase based on the Ca(2+)-ATPase crystal structure is consistent with the hypothesis that Asp(923) contributes to a site binding the third Na(+) ion. These results in conjunction with our previous findings with other RDP mutants suggest that a selective defect in the handling of Na(+) may be a general feature of the RDP disorder.

Recikliranje plastenk na kreativen način

OpenAIRE

Pavlin, Suzana

2017-01-01

Plastenke, poleg ostalih plastičnih izdelkov, v zadnjih letih predstavljajo pravo katastrofo za okolje. Domnevamo, da se le redko kdo vpraša, kaj se zgodi z njo po tem, ko je iz nje zaužil še zadnjo kapljico vode. Plastenka je lahko kot večina ostalih komunalnih odpadkov ponovno uporabljena, reciklirana, sežgana ali odložena na deponijo. V primeru nespoštovanja Zakona o varstvu okolja pa pristane v naravi, pogosto v morju, kjer prav počasi razpada in negativno vpliva na celoten ekosistem. V d...

Plant Defensins NaD1 and NaD2 Induce Different Stress Response Pathways in Fungi

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Peter M. Dracatos

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Nicotiana alata defensins 1 and 2 (NaD1 and NaD2 are plant defensins from the ornamental tobacco that have antifungal activity against a variety of fungal pathogens. Some plant defensins interact with fungal cell wall O-glycosylated proteins. Therefore, we investigated if this was the case for NaD1 and NaD2, by assessing the sensitivity of the three Aspergillus nidulans (An O-mannosyltransferase (pmt knockout (KO mutants (An∆pmtA, An∆pmtB, and An∆pmtC. An∆pmtA was resistant to both defensins, while An∆pmtC was resistant to NaD2 only, suggesting NaD1 and NaD2 are unlikely to have a general interaction with O-linked side chains. Further evidence of this difference in the antifungal mechanism was provided by the dissimilarity of the NaD1 and NaD2 sensitivities of the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol signalling knockout mutants from the cell wall integrity (CWI and high osmolarity glycerol (HOG mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK pathways. HOG pathway mutants were sensitive to both NaD1 and NaD2, while CWI pathway mutants only displayed sensitivity to NaD2.

Analiza przebiegu choroby oraz zmian w obrazie rezonansu magnetycznego mózgu i rdzenia szyjnego u chorych na stwardnienie rozsiane leczonych interferonem beta, octanem glatirameru

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sławomir Wawrzyniak

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Stwardnienie rozsiane (łac. sclerosis multiplex, SM to przewlekła choroba ośrodkowego układu nerwowego, stanowi też główną przyczyną niepełnosprawności (nieurazowej w populacji młodych dorosłych. Lekami, które zgodnie z wynikami badań klinicznych mają wpływ na przebieg choroby, są: interferony beta (IFN-β-1a i IFN-β-1b oraz octan glatirameru (GA. Celem pracy była analiza przebiegu choroby oraz zmian w obrazie rezonansu magnetycznego (RM mózgu i rdzenia szyjnego u chorych z postacią rzutowo-remisyjną stwardnienia rozsianego (RRSM u chorych w przebiegu 2-letniej terapii lekami immunomodulującymi (DMD: IFN-β-1b (250 µg, IFN-β-1a (44 µg, IFN-β-1a (30 µg oraz GA (20 mg. Badanie trwało 24 miesiące. Materiał kliniczny stanowiło 118 chorych z RRSM. Grupa chorych, u których włączono leczenie, to: 20 osób leczonych IFN-β-1a (30 µg, 40 – IFN-β-1b (250 µg, 33 – IFN-β-1a (44 µg i 25 – GA (20 mg. W badanej grupie przeważały kobiety – 66,1%. Średni wiek chorych wynosił 29,0±8,6 (18-50 roku; wartość EDSS w chwili rozpoczęcia leczenia – 2,3±0,9 pkt; roczny wskaźnik rzutów (ARR – 0,82. W badaniu stwierdzono podobny wpływ poszczególnych leków na oceniane parametry. Po dwóch latach leczenia wartość EDSS wyniosła 2,6±1,3 pkt (wzrost o 0,3 pkt. Zaobserwowano zmniejszenie rocznego wskaźnika rzutów (ARR do 0,55 (redukcja o 32,9%. Stwierdzono wyraźną różnicę progresji choroby w ocenie RM – po pierwszym roku progresję stwierdzono u 87,0% chorych, po drugim roku leczenia – u 42,9%. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wskazują, że badane leki działają podobnie na postęp choroby, leczenie DMD wpływa stabilizująco na narastanie niesprawności tylko u części chorych, korzystny wpływ leczenia immunomodulującego obserwowano szczególnie w drugim roku leczenia, a obecność nowych rzutów choroby w trakcie kuracji jest najważniejszym klinicznym wykładnikiem braku odpowiedzi na

Glutamate Water Gates in the Ion Binding Pocket of Na(+) Bound Na(+), K(+)-ATPase

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Han, Minwoo; Kopec, Wojciech; Solov'yov, Ilia A

2017-01-01

III is always protonated. Glutamic acid residues in the three binding sites act as water gates, and their deprotonation triggers water entry to the binding sites. From DFT calculations of Na(+) binding energies, we conclude that three protons in the binding site are needed to effectively bind Na......The dynamically changing protonation states of the six acidic amino acid residues in the ion binding pocket of the Na(+), K(+) -ATPase (NKA) during the ion transport cycle are proposed to drive ion binding, release and possibly determine Na(+) or K(+) selectivity. We use molecular dynamics (MD......(+) from water and four are needed to release them in the next step. Protonation of Asp926 in site III will induce Na(+) release, and Glu327, Glu954 and Glu779 are all likely to be protonated in the Na(+) bound occluded conformation. Our data provides key insights into the role of protons in the Na...

NA62 and NA48/2 results on search for Heavy Neutral Leptons

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Lamanna Gianluca

2018-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper we present new results on upper limits for the search of Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNL with data collected by NA48/2 (2003-2004, NA62-RK (2007 and NA62 (2015 CERN experiments. The data collected with different trigger configuration allow to search for both long and short living heavy neutrinos in the mass range below the kaon mass. In addition the status of the search for K+ → π+vv with the NA62 detector will be briefly presented.

Représentations de l'Europe et discours national dans les récit de voyages colombiens (1850-1900

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1995-01-01

Full Text Available L’existence, à partir du milieu du XIXe siècle, d’un flux croissant de voyageurs Colombiens en Europe donne naissance à un genre jusque-là inconnu dans la littérature nationale : le récit de voyage, qui démontrera une certaine vigueur tout au long de la seconde moitié du siècle. Le fait que dans la plupart des cas, les récits de voyages soient écrits par des hommes publics, politiciens ou ecclésiastiques, contribue à leur donner une valeur programmatique. En décrivant l’Europe qu’ils parcourent, les voyageurs Colombiens lui attribuent une valeur exemplaire, et dessinent, selon leur tendance politique deux représentations conflictuelles : l’Europe libérale et l’Europe conservatrice, qui font écho aux luttes qui opposent, en Colombie, libéraux et conservateurs. L’apparition, dans les années 1880, d’un courant de critique du voyage révèle à son tour un conflit de légitimité politique qui fait une large part à l’utilisation des concepts de nationalisme et d’”extranjerismo”. REPRESENTACIONES DE EUROPA Y DISCURSO NACIONAL EN LOS RELATOS DE VIAJES COLOMBIANOS (1850-1900. La existencia, a partir de mediados del Siglo XIX, de un flujo creciente de viajeros colombianos en Europa engendra un género antes inexistente en la literatura nacional: el relato de viaje, que demostrará su vigor a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo. El hecho de que, en la mayoría de los casos, los autores de los relatos son hombres públicos, políticos o eclesiásticos, contribuye a dar a esos textos un valor programático. Así, al describir la Europa que recorren, los viajeros colombianos tienden a otorgarle un valor ejemplar y dibujan, en función de su opción política, dos representaciones conflictivas: la Europa liberal y la Europa conservadora, que reflejan las luchas que oponen, en Colombia, a liberales y conservadores. La aparición, en los años 1880, de una corriente de crítica del viaje revela a su vez un conflicto de

Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae).

Science.gov (United States)

Bertani, Rogério

2012-01-01

Three aviculariine genera endemic to Brazil are revised. Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850 is resurrected, including five species; Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 includes two species; and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901, six species. Nine species are newly described: Typhochlaena ammasp. n., Typhochlaena costaesp. n., Typhochlaena curumimsp. n., Typhochlaena paschoalisp. n., Pachistopelma bromelicolasp. n., Iridopelma katiaesp. n., Iridopelma marcoisp. n., Iridopelma oliveiraisp. n. and Iridopelma vaninisp. n. Three new synonymies are established: Avicularia pulchra Mello-Leitão, 1933 and Avicularia recifiensis Struchen & Brändle, 1996 are junior synonyms of Pachistopelma rufonigrum Pocock, 1901 syn. n., and Avicularia palmicola Mello-Leitão, 1945 is a junior synonym of Iridopelma hirsutum Pocock, 1901 syn. n.Pachistopelma concolor Caporiacco, 1947 is transferred to Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871, making the new combination Tapinauchenius concolor (Caporiacco, 1947)comb. n. Lectotypes are newly designed for Pachistopelma rufonigrum Pocock, 1901 , Iridopelma hirsutum Pocock, 1901 and Pachistopelma concolor Caporiacco, 1947. Cladistic analyses using both equal and implied weights were carried out with a matrix comprising 62 characters and 38 terminal taxa. The chosen cladogram found with X-Pee-Wee and concavity 6 suggests they are monophyletic. All species are keyed and mapped and information on species habitat and area cladograms are presented. Discussion on biogeography and conservation is provided.

Transmural gradients in Na/K pump activity and [Na+]I in canine ventricle.

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, J; Wang, W; Cohen, I S; Mathias, R T

2005-09-01

There are well-documented differences in ion channel activity and action potential shape between epicardial (EPI), midmyocardial (MID), and endocardial (ENDO) ventricular myocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences exist in Na/K pump activity. The whole cell patch-clamp was used to measure Na/K pump current (I(P)) and inward background Na(+)-current (I(inb)) in cells isolated from canine left ventricle. All currents were normalized to membrane capacitance. I(P) was measured as the current blocked by a saturating concentration of dihydro-ouabain. [Na(+)](i) was measured using SBFI-AM. I(P)(ENDO) (0.34 +/- 0.04 pA/pF, n = 17) was smaller than I(P)(EPI) (0.68 +/- 0.09 pA/pF, n = 38); the ratio was 0.50 with I(P)(MID) being intermediate (0.53 +/- 0.13 pA/pF, n = 19). The dependence of I(P) on [Na(+)](i) or voltage was essentially identical in EPI and ENDO (half-maximal activation at 9-10 mM [Na(+)](i) or approximately -90 mV). Increasing [K(+)](o) from 5.4 to 15 mM caused both I(P)(ENDO) and I(P)(EPI) to increase, but the ratio remained approximately 0.5. I(inb) in EPI and ENDO were nearly identical ( approximately 0.6 pA/pF). Physiological [Na(+)](i) was lower in EPI (7 +/- 2 mM, n = 31) than ENDO (12 +/- 3 mM, n = 29), with MID being intermediate (9 +/- 3 mM, n = 22). When cells were paced at 2 Hz, [Na(+)](i) increased but the differences persisted (ENDO 14 +/- 3 mM, n = 10; EPI 9 +/- 2 mM, n = 10; and MID intermediate, 11 +/- 2 mM, n = 9). Based on these results, the larger I(P) in EPI appears to reflect a higher maximum turnover rate, which implies either a larger number of active pumps or a higher turnover rate per pump protein. The transmural gradient in [Na(+)](i) means physiological I(P) is approximately uniform across the ventricular wall, whereas transporters that utilize the transmembrane electrochemical gradient for Na(+), such as Na/Ca exchange, have a larger driving force in EPI than ENDO.

Reactions of metal oxides with molten NaPO3 + NaCl mixtures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovarskaya, E.N.; Mityakhina, V.S.; Rodionov, Yu.I.; Silin, M.Yu.

1988-01-01

We consider the dissolution mechanism for iron (III), europium(III), and tin(IV) oxides in molten NaPO 3 + NaCl that are responsible for the peak solubilities. We chose Fe 2 O 3 as the basic material since this occurs in large amounts around damaged metal structures in rock salt mines in a proposed zone for storing vitrified radioactive wastes. Solubility measurement and paper chromatography show that Fe 2 O 3 dissolves in molten NaPO 3 + NaCl in air by reaction with the solvent to give double iron and sodium diphosphates and monophosphates in accordance with the initial solution-in-the-melt composition, the degree of equilibration, and the temperature. The elevated solubilities for initial NaCl contents close to 30 mole % are due to sodium triphosphates and tricyclophosphates present in these melts. Moessbauer spectroscopy confirms that double iron, europium and tin diphosphates and monophosphates containing sodium occur in these chloride-polyphosphate melts

Na(+),K (+)-ATPase as a docking station: protein-protein complexes of the Na(+),K (+)-ATPase.

Science.gov (United States)

Reinhard, Linda; Tidow, Henning; Clausen, Michael J; Nissen, Poul

2013-01-01

The Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, or sodium pump, is well known for its role in ion transport across the plasma membrane of animal cells. It carries out the transport of Na(+) ions out of the cell and of K(+) ions into the cell and thus maintains electrolyte and fluid balance. In addition to the fundamental ion-pumping function of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, recent work has suggested additional roles for Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in signal transduction and biomembrane structure. Several signaling pathways have been found to involve Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, which serves as a docking station for a fast-growing number of protein interaction partners. In this review, we focus on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase as a signal transducer, but also briefly discuss other Na(+),K(+)-ATPase protein-protein interactions, providing a comprehensive overview of the diverse signaling functions ascribed to this well-known enzyme.

Characterization of Na+-linked and Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange systems in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cassel, D.; Scharf, O.; Rotman, M.; Cragoe, E.J. Jr.; Katz, M.

1988-01-01

The PS120 variant of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts which lacks Na + /H + exchange activity was used to investigate bicarbonate transport systems and their role in intracellular pH (pH/sub i/) regulation. When pH/sub i/ was decreased by acid load, bicarbonate caused pH/sub i/ increase and stimulated 36 Cl - efflux from the cells, both in a Na + -dependent manner. These results together with previous findings that bicarbonate stimulates 22 Na + uptake in PS120 cells demonstrate the presence of a Na + -linked Cl - /HCO 3 - exchange system. In cells with normal initial pH/sub i/, bicarbonate caused Na + -independent pH/sub i/ increase in Cl - -free solutions and stimulated Na + -independent 36 Cl - efflux, indicating that a Na + -independent Cl - /HCO 3 - exchanger is also present in the cell. Na + -linked and Na + -independent Cl - /HCO 3- exchange is apparently mediated by two distinct systems, since a [(tetrahydrofluorene-7-yl)oxy]acetic acid derivative selectively inhibits the Na + -independent exchanger. An additional distinctive features is a 10-fold lower affinity for chloride of the Na + -linked exchanger. The Na + -linked and Na + -independent Cl - /HCO 3 - exchange systems are likely to protect the cell from acid and alkaline load, respectively

Na/K Pump and Beyond: Na/K-ATPase as a Modulator of Apoptosis and Autophagy

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Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Lung cancer is a leading cause of global cancer deaths. Na/K-ATPase has been studied as a target for cancer treatment. Cardiotonic steroids (CS trigger intracellular signalling upon binding to Na/K-ATPase. Normal lung and tumour cells frequently express different pump isoforms. Thus, Na/K-ATPase is a powerful target for lung cancer treatment. Drugs targeting Na/K-ATPase may induce apoptosis and autophagy in transformed cells. We argue that Na/K-ATPase has a role as a potential target in chemotherapy in lung cancer treatment. We discuss the effects of Na/K-ATPase ligands and molecular pathways inducing deleterious effects on lung cancer cells, especially those leading to apoptosis and autophagy.

Na/K Pump and Beyond: Na/K-ATPase as a Modulator of Apoptosis and Autophagy.

Science.gov (United States)

Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, Cassiano; Ribeiro Silva, Adriana; Ignácio da Silva, Camila; Caire Castro-Faria-Neto, Hugo; Burth, Patrícia

2017-04-21

Lung cancer is a leading cause of global cancer deaths. Na/K-ATPase has been studied as a target for cancer treatment. Cardiotonic steroids (CS) trigger intracellular signalling upon binding to Na/K-ATPase. Normal lung and tumour cells frequently express different pump isoforms. Thus, Na/K-ATPase is a powerful target for lung cancer treatment. Drugs targeting Na/K-ATPase may induce apoptosis and autophagy in transformed cells. We argue that Na/K-ATPase has a role as a potential target in chemotherapy in lung cancer treatment. We discuss the effects of Na/K-ATPase ligands and molecular pathways inducing deleterious effects on lung cancer cells, especially those leading to apoptosis and autophagy.

Subnitride chemistry: A first-principles study of the NaBa3N, Na5Ba3N, and Na16Ba6N phases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliva, Josep M.

2005-01-01

An ab initio study on the electronic structure of the subnitrides NaBa 3 N, Na 5 Ba 3 N, and Na 16 Ba 6 N is performed for the first time. The NaBa 3 N and Na 5 Ba 3 N phases consist of infinite 1 ∞ [NBa 6/2 ] strands composed of face-sharing NBa 6 octahedra surrounded by a 'sea' of sodium atoms. The Na 16 Ba 6 N phase consist of discrete [NBa 6 ] octahedra arranged in a body-cubic fashion, surrounded by a 'sea' of sodium atoms. Our calculations suggest that the title subnitrides are metals. Analysis of the electronic structure shows partial interaction of N(2s) with Ba(5p) electrons in the lower energy region for NaBa 3 N and Na 5 Ba 3 N. However, no dispersion is observed for the N(2s) and Ba(5p) bands in the cubic phase Na 16 Ba 6 N. The metallic band below the Fermi level shows a strong mixing of N(2p), Ba(6s), Ba(5d), Ba(6p), Na(3s) and Na(3p) orbitals. The metallic character in these nitrides stems from delocalized electrons corresponding to hybridized 5d l 6s m 6p n barium orbitals which interact with hybridized 3s n 3p m sodium orbitals. Analysis of the electron density and electronic structure in these nitrides shows two different regions: a metallic matrix corresponding to the sodium atoms and the regions around them and heteropolar bonding between nitrogen and barium within the infinite 1 ∞ [NBa 6/2 ] strands of the NaBa 3 N and Na 5 Ba 3 N phases, and within the isolated [NBa 6 ] octahedra of the Na 16 Ba 6 N phase. The nitrogen atoms inside the strands and octahedra are negatively charged, the anionic character of nitrogens being larger in the isolated octahedra of the cubic phase Na 16 Ba 6 N, due to the lack of electron delocalization along one direction as opposed to the other phases. The sodium and barium atoms appear to be slightly negatively and positively charged, the latter to a larger extent. From the computed Ba-N overlap populations as well as the analysis of the contour maps of differences between total density and superposition of

WPŁYW WIEKU NA WYTRZYMAŁOŚĆ NA ŚCISKANIE BETONU MODYFIKOWANEGO DODATKIEM METAKAOLINITU

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Janusz KONKOL

Full Text Available W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wytrzymałości na ściskanie betonów modyfikowanych dodatkiem metakaolinitu po 2, 3, 7, 14, 28 i 56 dniach dojrzewania. Dodatek metakaolinitu użyto jako częściowy substytut cementu, dokonując wymiany 10% masy cementu na metakaolinit. Udział ten uznawany jest za optymalny z uwagi na inne niż wytrzymałość na ściskanie właściwości betonu, w tym trwałość betonu modyfikowanego metakaolinitem. Badania przeprowadzono także dla betonu tła, betonu bez dodatku metakaolinitu. Betony wykonano przy założeniu stałego stosunku woda/spoiwo, względnie woda/cement wynoszącego 0,45 oraz przy użyciu cementu portlandzkiego CEM I 32,5R, piasku kwarcowego frakcji do 2 mm oraz grysu bazaltowego frakcji do 16 mm. W celu uzyskania pożądanej konsystencji mieszanki betonowej zastosowano upłynniacz na bazie estrów polikarboksylowych. Uzyskane rezultaty badań potwierdziły wysoką aktywność pucolanową metakaolinitu już we wczesnym okresie dojrzewania betonu. W okresie między 3 a 7 dniem dojrzewania stwierdzono wolniejszy przyrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie w betonie niemodyfikowanym metakaolinitem, podczas gdy w betonie, w którym 10% masy cementu zastąpiono metakaolinitem uwidocznił się znaczący przyrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie. Po 2 dniach dojrzewania wytrzymałość na ściskanie betonu tła była nieznacznie wyższa od wytrzymałości na ściskanie betonu modyfikowanego. Korzystny wpływ dodatku metakaolinitu wynikający z jego wysokiej aktywności pucolanowej, jak również z uszczelniającego charakteru tego dodatku obserwowano jest zwłaszcza w okresie między 3 a 14 dniem dojrzewania. W tym okresie obserwowano znaczny przyrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie betonu modyfikowanego w porównaniu z wytrzymałością na ściskanie betonu tła. Po 7 i 14 dniach dojrzewania stwierdzono odpowiednio prawie 25% i 21% wzrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie na skutek użycia metakaolinitu.

The culture of pearl oysters, Pinctada fucata (Gould, 1850 in Phuket with temperature shock method and survival rates on various feeds

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Rativat, V.

2005-02-01

Full Text Available Marine pearl farming at Phuket Island has exploited natural pearl oysters. In order to obtain sufficient pearl oysters, Pinctada fucata (Gould, 1850, the oyster cultivation was carried out to determine appropriate kinds of food and types of spat collectors. The male and female oysters were stimulated to spawn with this temperature shock method (treated with 32ºC and then with 26ºC. The fertilized eggs developed into the stages of polar body, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, trochophore and then D-shape larvae. At the ageof 19-26 hrs. the larvae were fed with three kinds of food: Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans and the mixture of 1:1 I. galbana and C. calcitrans. Upon the first 30 days, shell lengths of the spats fed with I. Galbana, C. calcitrans and the mixture were 422.00±59.32, 221.33±12.46 and 347.33±67.98 μg, respectively. The 26-29th day spat stage settled to the collectors: saran net, plastic plates and wavy tile. Number of spats settling to saran net was the highest. But after being moved into the sea for 30 days, the survival rate was89.06% which was lower than for those settling to plastic plates (93.29% and wavy tile (93.99%.

Teratological studies of DTPA-CaNa3, DTPA-ZnNa3 and quinamic acid in mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luo Meichu; Ruan Tianming; Tong Shungao

1989-01-01

DTPA-CaNa 3 , DTPA-ZnNa 3 and quinamic acid are effective chelating agents for removing actinide elements from the body. In this experiment, different doses of DTPA-CaNa 3 , DTPA-ZnNa 3 and quinamic acid were given to mice on gestation days 6-10. Eight groups of mice received 0.8 and 2.0 mM/kg of DTPA-CaNa 3 , 3.8, 7.6, and 11.4 mM/kg of DTPA-ZnNa 3 and 0.42, 2.1, and 4.2 mM/kg of quinamic acid. Hypetonic saline and isotonic saline were given to two control groups. DTPA-CaNa 3 and quinamidic acid were found to be much more toxic to fetus of mice than DTPA-ZnNa 3 . When the doses of DTPA-CaMa 3 and quinamidic acid were 20 times higher than the human dose, the number of resorbed fetus was increased and the number and weight of live fetus were reduced. The result of injection with 7.6 mM/kg (200 times of human dose)DTPA-ZnNa 3 and that of injection with isotonic saline are the same. Therefore, we suggest that the DTPA-CaNa 3 and quinamidic acid should not be given to pregnant woman, if chelation therapy is needed, while the much safer DTPA-ZnNa 3 could be used

Skabelsen af den danske arbejder. Bånd og brudflader i arbejder- og virksom­heds­kulturer 1850-1920 - med Burmeister og Wain som hoved­eksem­pel

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Niels Jul

1998-01-01

Nielsen   The aim of this book is - historically and theoretically - to understand and explain coexistence of different forms of relations between employees and manage­ment on big enterprises and to consider these in the context of ties and differen­ces within the culture(s) of workers. The dissertation......­ting this in principle from an juridically based feudal paternalism from which it gets its rhetoric. Hence benefits to the workers, extending what is neces­sary in economical terms, are not generally known before 1870. Hereafter, then, there are no limitations in managers' claiming of social awareness extending widely...... (in England up till 1850) - refering to the situation where the only considerations from management are related to the internal func­tioning of the enterprise: this can result in (not considering personal characteristics of the paterna­list himself) harsh managent exploiting workers as much...

Na-ion dynamics in Quasi-1D compound NaV2O4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Månsson, M; Umegaki, I; Nozaki, H; Higuchi, Y; Sugiyama, J; Kawasaki, I; Watanabe, I; Sakurai, H

2014-01-01

We have used the pulsed muon source at ISIS to study high-temperature Na-ion dynamics in the quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) metallic antiferromagnet NaV 2 O 4 . By performing systematic zero-field and longitudinal-field measurements as a function of temperature we clearly distinguish that the hopping rate increases exponentially above T diff ≈ 250 K. The data is well fitted to an Arrhenius type equation typical for a diffusion process, showing that the Na-ions starts to be mobile above T diff . Such results make this compound very interesting for the tuning of Q1D magnetism using atomic-scale ion-texturing through the periodic potential from ordered Na-vacancies. Further, it also opens the door to possible use of NaV 2 O 4 and related compounds in energy related applications

O Passeio Público do Rio de Janeiro na Literatura, na Pintura e na Fotografia do Século XIX

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Solange de Aragão

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo geral e mais amplo chamar a atenção dos pesquisadores para a importância da literatura, da pintura e da fotografia como fontes documentais para a construção da História do Paisagismo no Brasil por meio de um estudo de caso muito particular: o Passeio Público do Rio de Janeiro no século XIX. São objetivos específicos apresentar e analisar o modo como esse espaço livre público aparece na literatura, na pintura e na fotografia desse período, considerando suas transformações paisagísticas.

Solubility of NaNd(CO3)2.6H2O(c) in concentrated Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rao, L.; Rai, D.; Felmy, A.R.; Fulton, R.W.; Novak, C.F.

1996-01-01

NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c) was identified to be the final equilibrium solid phase in suspensions containing concentrated sodium carbonate (0.1 to 2.0 M) and sodium bicarbonate (0.1 to 1.0 M), with either NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c) or Nd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 x xH 2 O(s) as initial solids. A thermodynamic model, based on Pitzer's specific into-interaction approach, was developed to interpret the solubility of NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c) as functions of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate concentrations. In this model, the solubility data of NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c) were explained by assuming the formation of NdCO 3 + , Nd(CO 3 ) 2 - and Nd(CO 3 ) 3 3- species and invoking the specific ion interactions between Na + and Nd(CO 3 ) 3 3- . Ion interaction parameters for Na + -Nd(CO 3 ) 3 3- were developed to fit the solubility data. Based on the model calculations, Nd(CO 3 ) 3 3- was the predominant aqueous neodymium species in 0.1 to 2 M sodium carbonate and 0.1 to 1 M sodium bicarbonate solutions. The logarithm of the NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O solubility product (NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c)=Na + +Nd 3+ +2 CO 3 2- +6 H 2 O) was calculated to be -21.39. This model also provided satisfactory interpretation of the solubility data of the analogous Am(III) system in less concentrated carbonate and bicarbonate solutions. (orig.)

Mechanism of μ-conotoxin PIIIA binding to the voltage-gated Na+ channel NaV1.4.

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Rong Chen

Full Text Available Several subtypes of voltage-gated Na+ (NaV channels are important targets for pain management. μ-Conotoxins isolated from venoms of cone snails are potent and specific blockers of different NaV channel isoforms. The inhibitory effect of μ-conotoxins on NaV channels has been examined extensively, but the mechanism of toxin specificity has not been understood in detail. Here the known structure of μ-conotoxin PIIIA and a model of the skeletal muscle channel NaV1.4 are used to elucidate elements that contribute to the structural basis of μ-conotoxin binding and specificity. The model of NaV1.4 is constructed based on the crystal structure of the bacterial NaV channel, NaVAb. Six different binding modes, in which the side chain of each of the basic residues carried by the toxin protrudes into the selectivity filter of NaV1.4, are examined in atomic detail using molecular dynamics simulations with explicit solvent. The dissociation constants (Kd computed for two selected binding modes in which Lys9 or Arg14 from the toxin protrudes into the filter of the channel are within 2 fold; both values in close proximity to those determined from dose response data for the block of NaV currents. To explore the mechanism of PIIIA specificity, a double mutant of NaV1.4 mimicking NaV channels resistant to μ-conotoxins and tetrodotoxin is constructed and the binding of PIIIA to this mutant channel examined. The double mutation causes the affinity of PIIIA to reduce by two orders of magnitude.

Muscle K+, Na+, and Cl- disturbances and Na+-K+ pump inactivation: implications for fatigue

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

McKenna, Michael J; Bangsbo, Jens; Renaud, Jean-Marc

2008-01-01

(+)-ATPase activity during exercise stabilizes Na(+) and K(+) concentration gradients and membrane excitability and thus protects against fatigue. However, during intense contraction some Na(+)-K(+) pumps are inactivated and together with further ionic disturbances, likely precipitate muscle fatigue.......Membrane excitability is a critical regulatory step in skeletal muscle contraction and is modulated by local ionic concentrations, conductances, ion transporter activities, temperature, and humoral factors. Intense fatiguing contractions induce cellular K(+) efflux and Na(+) and Cl(-) influx......, causing pronounced perturbations in extracellular (interstitial) and intracellular K(+) and Na(+) concentrations. Muscle interstitial K(+) concentration may increase 1- to 2-fold to 11-13 mM and intracellular K(+) concentration fall by 1.3- to 1.7-fold; interstitial Na(+) concentration may decline by 10 m...

Route, mechanism, and implications of proton import during Na+/K+ exchange by native Na+/K+-ATPase pumps

Science.gov (United States)

Vedovato, Natascia

2014-01-01

A single Na+/K+-ATPase pumps three Na+ outwards and two K+ inwards by alternately exposing ion-binding sites to opposite sides of the membrane in a conformational sequence coupled to pump autophosphorylation from ATP and auto-dephosphorylation. The larger flow of Na+ than K+ generates outward current across the cell membrane. Less well understood is the ability of Na+/K+ pumps to generate an inward current of protons. Originally noted in pumps deprived of external K+ and Na+ ions, as inward current at negative membrane potentials that becomes amplified when external pH is lowered, this proton current is generally viewed as an artifact of those unnatural conditions. We demonstrate here that this inward current also flows at physiological K+ and Na+ concentrations. We show that protons exploit ready reversibility of conformational changes associated with extracellular Na+ release from phosphorylated Na+/K+ pumps. Reversal of a subset of these transitions allows an extracellular proton to bind an acidic side chain and to be subsequently released to the cytoplasm. This back-step of phosphorylated Na+/K+ pumps that enables proton import is not required for completion of the 3 Na+/2 K+ transport cycle. However, the back-step occurs readily during Na+/K+ transport when external K+ ion binding and occlusion are delayed, and it occurs more frequently when lowered extracellular pH raises the probability of protonation of the externally accessible carboxylate side chain. The proton route passes through the Na+-selective binding site III and is distinct from the principal pathway traversed by the majority of transported Na+ and K+ ions that passes through binding site II. The inferred occurrence of Na+/K+ exchange and H+ import during the same conformational cycle of a single molecule identifies the Na+/K+ pump as a hybrid transporter. Whether Na+/K+ pump–mediated proton inflow may have any physiological or pathophysiological significance remains to be clarified. PMID

Route, mechanism, and implications of proton import during Na+/K+ exchange by native Na+/K+-ATPase pumps.

Science.gov (United States)

Vedovato, Natascia; Gadsby, David C

2014-04-01

A single Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase pumps three Na(+) outwards and two K(+) inwards by alternately exposing ion-binding sites to opposite sides of the membrane in a conformational sequence coupled to pump autophosphorylation from ATP and auto-dephosphorylation. The larger flow of Na(+) than K(+) generates outward current across the cell membrane. Less well understood is the ability of Na(+)/K(+) pumps to generate an inward current of protons. Originally noted in pumps deprived of external K(+) and Na(+) ions, as inward current at negative membrane potentials that becomes amplified when external pH is lowered, this proton current is generally viewed as an artifact of those unnatural conditions. We demonstrate here that this inward current also flows at physiological K(+) and Na(+) concentrations. We show that protons exploit ready reversibility of conformational changes associated with extracellular Na(+) release from phosphorylated Na(+)/K(+) pumps. Reversal of a subset of these transitions allows an extracellular proton to bind an acidic side chain and to be subsequently released to the cytoplasm. This back-step of phosphorylated Na(+)/K(+) pumps that enables proton import is not required for completion of the 3 Na(+)/2 K(+) transport cycle. However, the back-step occurs readily during Na(+)/K(+) transport when external K(+) ion binding and occlusion are delayed, and it occurs more frequently when lowered extracellular pH raises the probability of protonation of the externally accessible carboxylate side chain. The proton route passes through the Na(+)-selective binding site III and is distinct from the principal pathway traversed by the majority of transported Na(+) and K(+) ions that passes through binding site II. The inferred occurrence of Na(+)/K(+) exchange and H(+) import during the same conformational cycle of a single molecule identifies the Na(+)/K(+) pump as a hybrid transporter. Whether Na(+)/K(+) pump-mediated proton inflow may have any physiological or

Growth mechanism of NaClO 3 and NaBrO 3 crystals from aqueous ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

A study of growth rates of NaClO3 and NaBrO3 has been carried out using a small growth cell by in situ observation. Normal growth rates of {100} faces of NaClO3 and {111} faces of NaBrO3 along ⟨ 110 ⟩ direction are measured under relatively high supersaturation ranging from 3–8%. In the initial stages of growth, {100}, ...

Rescue of Na+ affinity in aspartate 928 mutants of Na+,K+-ATPase by secondary mutation of glutamate 314.

Science.gov (United States)

Holm, Rikke; Einholm, Anja P; Andersen, Jens P; Vilsen, Bente

2015-04-10

The Na(+),K(+)-ATPase binds Na(+) at three transport sites denoted I, II, and III, of which site III is Na(+)-specific and suggested to be the first occupied in the cooperative binding process activating phosphorylation from ATP. Here we demonstrate that the asparagine substitution of the aspartate associated with site III found in patients with rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism or alternating hemiplegia of childhood causes a dramatic reduction of Na(+) affinity in the α1-, α2-, and α3-isoforms of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, whereas other substitutions of this aspartate are much less disruptive. This is likely due to interference by the amide function of the asparagine side chain with Na(+)-coordinating residues in site III. Remarkably, the Na(+) affinity of site III aspartate to asparagine and alanine mutants is rescued by second-site mutation of a glutamate in the extracellular part of the fourth transmembrane helix, distant to site III. This gain-of-function mutation works without recovery of the lost cooperativity and selectivity of Na(+) binding and does not affect the E1-E2 conformational equilibrium or the maximum phosphorylation rate. Hence, the rescue of Na(+) affinity is likely intrinsic to the Na(+) binding pocket, and the underlying mechanism could be a tightening of Na(+) binding at Na(+) site II, possibly via movement of transmembrane helix four. The second-site mutation also improves Na(+),K(+) pump function in intact cells. Rescue of Na(+) affinity and Na(+) and K(+) transport by second-site mutation is unique in the history of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and points to new possibilities for treatment of neurological patients carrying Na(+),K(+)-ATPase mutations. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

The system NaVO3-Na2WO4-Na2W2O7

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kazanbekov, V.R.; Gasanaliev, A.M.; Kazanbekov, R.G.

1994-01-01

Phase diagrams of sodium metavanadate-sodium ditungstate, sodium metavanadate-sodium tungstate systems and surface of primary crystallization of sodium metavabadate-sodium tungstate-sodium ditungstate system were studied. The system sodium metavanadate-sodium ditungstate is eutectic one. Compound NaVO 3 x2Na 2 WO 4 is formed in solid state in sodium metavanadate-sodium tungstate system. Liquidus surface of sodium metavanadate-sodium tungstate-sodium ditungstate is presented by three crystallization fields of initial components. Composition and melting point of ternary eutectics are determined

La revolución de la palabra: del lenguaje radiofónico español al caso de Radio EAJ-47 Valladolid (1924-1936

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Matteo Tomasoni

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Este estudio está dedicado al análisis del fenómeno radiofónico, que entre finales del siglo XIX y las primeras décadas del siglo XX revolucionó por completo el mundo de los medios de comunicación. En España, al igual que en otros países, la radio supuso una nueva forma de transmisión oral de la información, siendo instrumento de vanguardia (así la definiría uno de sus principales incondicionales, Ramón Gómez de la Serna y a la vez impulsor hacia una nueva forma de entretenimiento de masas. No hay duda de que la radio ejerció además un papel relevante como aparato de contacto directo entre ciudadano y autoridad civil, empezando a desarrollar la función de “agente propagandístico” que durante la etapa republicana sirvió para propagar los más distintos pensamientos políticos. El caso de ‘radio Valladolid’ representa a la perfección semejante modelo de desarrollo: tanto su propuesta de entretenimiento como su afición por los debates políticos (a través de la colaboración con el periódico El Norte de Castilla fueron utilizados para alimentar los primeros focos de tensión. Posteriormente, tras el Alzamiento militar de 1936, la radio se convertiría definitivamente en uno de los principales agentes de difusión propagandística para la defensa del régimen franquista.Palabras Clave: Radio EAJ-47, comunicación, lenguaje radiofónico___________________________The word revolution: from the first radio language to the specific case of Radio EAJ-47 Valladolid.Abstract:This study is devoted to the analysis of radio phenomenon, which revolutionized the media world between the late XIX and early XX century. In Spain, as well as in other countries, radio represented a new way of transmission of oral information, becoming a cutting-edge tool (the way it was defined by one of its most staunch supporters, Ramón Gómez de la Serna and also a driving force behind a new way of mass entertainment. There is no doubt that radio

Summer sudden Na number density enhancements measured with the ALOMAR Weber Na Lidar

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D. Heinrich

2008-05-01

Full Text Available We present summer Na-densities and atmospheric temperatures measured 80 to 110 km above the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR. The Weber Na Lidar is part of ALOMAR, located at 69° N in Norway, 150 km north of the Arctic Circle. The sun does not set here during the summer months, and measurements require a narrowband Faraday Anomalous Dispersion Optical Filter (FADOF.

We discuss an observed sudden enhancement in the Na number density around 22:00 UT on 1 to 2 June 2006. We compare this observation with previous summer measurements and find a frequent appearance of Na number density enhancements near local midnight. We describe the time of appearance, the altitude distribution, the duration and the strength of these enhancements and compare them to winter observations. We investigate possible formation mechanisms and, as others before, we find a strong link between these Na number density enhancements and sporadic E layers.

Summer sudden Na number density enhancements measured with the ALOMAR Weber Na Lidar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. Heinrich

2008-05-01

Full Text Available We present summer Na-densities and atmospheric temperatures measured 80 to 110 km above the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR. The Weber Na Lidar is part of ALOMAR, located at 69° N in Norway, 150 km north of the Arctic Circle. The sun does not set here during the summer months, and measurements require a narrowband Faraday Anomalous Dispersion Optical Filter (FADOF. We discuss an observed sudden enhancement in the Na number density around 22:00 UT on 1 to 2 June 2006. We compare this observation with previous summer measurements and find a frequent appearance of Na number density enhancements near local midnight. We describe the time of appearance, the altitude distribution, the duration and the strength of these enhancements and compare them to winter observations. We investigate possible formation mechanisms and, as others before, we find a strong link between these Na number density enhancements and sporadic E layers.

El periodismo médico en la periferia española durante el primer tercio del siglo XX: Aproximación a la biografía y obra de José Sánchez Pozuelos (Murcia, c. 1885 - 1936

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López González, José

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The biographical career of the physician José Sánchez Pozuelos and his contribution to the medical journalism in the first third of the twentieth century have been studied. In Murcia, as in the rest of Spain, this was a period of cultural and scientific excellence manifested, among other things, by the publication of many medical journals with the aim of disseminating the most relevant scientific production, the national as well as the foreign one. In this context, doctor José Sánchez Pozuelos who was belonging to the bourgeoisie that held the political local power and was also identified with conservative and religious ideologies as well as concerned with overcoming the backwardness of his homeland, founded and directed Murcia Médica (1915-1918 and Estudios Médicos (1920, 1924-1934. Both journals became the disseminating tool for the activity of the Murcia´s Royal Academy of Medicine, but also for other Spanish professionals and for the most relevant papers from various national and international publications; Estudios Médicos also came to be the Spanish medical journal with the largest circulation. The atmosphere of social unrest that preceded the military uprising of 1936 and the war that followed it truncated the development of these publications and the careers of the professionals that promoted them.Se estudia la trayectoria biográfica y la contribución de José Sánchez Pozuelos (Murcia, c. 1885-1936 al periodismo médico español del primer tercio del siglo XX, una época que en Murcia, como en el resto de España, fue un período de resurgir cultural y científico manifestado, entre otras cosas, por la edición de numerosas revistas médicas que pretendieron difundir entre los profesionales la producción científica más relevante, nacional y extranjera. En ese marco el médico José Sánchez Pozuelos, perteneciente a la burguesía murciana que detentaba el poder político local, e identificado con ideologías de car

A modo de presentación. El programa CEIMES: un trabajo colectivo sobre las dinámicas y las prácticas educativas en los Institutos de Enseñanza Secundaria del Madrid liberal (1845-1936

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

López-Ocón, Leoncio

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The Development of Instructional Methods in Historic High Schools of Madrid is the result of the cooperative work of the members of the I+D activities program; Science and Education in the Historic High Schools of Madrid as Learned Through its Cultural Heritage from 1845 to 1936, financed by the Autonomous Region of Madrid. The main aim of this work is the study of the dynamics and educational practices in outstanding places of production and transmission of scientific and humanistic knowledge over a long period of time. The ten papers address the three most important aspects of those dynamics and educational practices: the regulatory context, based on legislation; the empirical context, based on teaching experiences; and the discursive context, expressed in school textbooks is also discussed.

Se presenta el volumen La enseñanza secundaria en construcción a través de los institutos históricos madrileños como uno de los resultados del trabajo cooperativo desarrollado desde enero de 2008 por los integrantes del programa de actividades de I+D Ciencia y educación en los institutos históricos madrileños a través de su patrimonio cultural: 1845-1936, financiado por la Comunidad de Madrid, que tiene como objetivo principal el estudio de las dinámicas y prácticas educativas de unos singulares lugares de producción y transmisión de conocimientos científicos y humanísticos, en un arco temporal de larga duración. Y se explica de qué manera la decena de contribuciones del monográfico abordan las tres principales dimensiones de esas dinámicas y prácticas educativas: la normativa, fundada en la legislación, la empírica, basada en las experiencias de los docentes, y la discursiva, expresada en los manuales escolares.

Muziki wa Hip Hop na Haki Za Kijamii: Dhima, Changamoto na ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ni dhahiri kuwa haki za kijamii zinaweza kuwasilishwa kwa jamii pana kupitia sanaa ya hip hop. Makala haya basi, yanabainisha dhima na mchango wa muziki wa hip hop katika masuala ya haki za kijamii, yanafafanua changamoto za muziki huu katika kuwasilisha haki za kijamii na kutoa mapendekezo kwa makundi ...

Sequential growth of sandwiched NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell–shell nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Peng, Huang-Yong; Ding, Bin-Bin; Ma, Yin-Chu [Department of Medical Materials and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China); Sun, Shi-Qi [State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046 (China); Tao, Wei [Department of Medical Materials and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China); Guo, Yan-Chuan [Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Guo, Hui-Chen, E-mail: ghch-2004@hotmail.com [State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046 (China); Yang, Xian-Zhu, E-mail: yangxz@hftu.edu.cn [Department of Medical Materials and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China); Qian, Hai-Sheng, E-mail: shqian@hfut.edu.cn [Department of Medical Materials and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China)

2015-12-01

Graphical abstract: The monodisperse elliptical NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell–shell nanoparticles have been synthesized successfully by a facile sequential growth process, which can be used as transducer for photodynamic therapy of cancer cells. - Highlights: • The NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb nanoparticles have been fabricated successfully. • The as-prepared nanoparticles show strong fluorescence excited at 980 or 808 nm. • The nanoparticles were transferred into the aqueous phase via a facile process. • Photosensitizers were loaded into the composites for photodynamic therapy. - Abstract: Upconversion (UC) nanostructures have attracted much interest for their extensive biological applications. In this work, we describe a sequential synthetic route to prepare sandwiched NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell upconversion nanoparticles. The as-prepared products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM 2100F), respectively. The as-prepared core–shell nanoparticles of NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb are composed of elliptical nanoparticles with a length of 80 nm and width of 42 nm, which show efficient upconversion fluorescence excited at 808 nm indicating the formation of core–shell–shell sandwiched nanostructures. In addition, the as-prepared sandwiched NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell upconversion nanoparticles also show strong upconversion fluorescence excited at 980 nm. Amphiphilic mPEG{sub 2k}-b-PEBEP{sub 6K} copolymers (denoted as PPE) were chosen to transfer these hydrophobic UCNPs into the aqueous phase for biological application. In vitro photodynamic therapy of cancer cells show that the viability of cells incubated with the nanoparticles loaded with MC 540 was significantly lower as compared to the nanoparticles without photosensitizers exposed to NIR laser.

Intracellular Na+ regulation of Na+ pump sites in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Allen, J.C.; Navran, S.S.; Seidel, C.L.; Dennison, D.K.; Amann, J.M.; Jemelka, S.K.

1989-01-01

Enzymatically dispersed cells from canine saphenous vein and femoral artery were grown in fetal calf serum and studied at day 0 (freshly dispersed) through confluence in primary culture. Intracellular Na levels (Nai), but not intracellular K (Ki), were increased after 24 h in culture and then decreased to a steady state by 4 days. Na+ pump site number [( 3 H] ouabain binding) increased through day 3 and remained elevated. Nai was still elevated at 2 days when the Na+ pump site number began to increase. Total pump turnover (maximum ouabain-inhibited 86 Rb uptake) reflected the increase in Na+ pump site number. These key events precede the observed increases in both protein production and cellular proliferation. If the same cells are maintained in defined medium, without fetal calf serum, Nai, Ki, and the number of [ 3 H]ouabain binding sites do not change with time. These data are consistent with the suggestion that the initial mitogenic response of vascular smooth muscle cells to fetal calf serum involves an increased Na+ influx, and a Nai accumulation, caused by low Na+ pump density. The synthesis of new pump sites effects a decrease in the accumulated Nai, which may be related to cell proliferation

On the Stability of NaO2 in Na-O2 Batteries.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Chenjuan; Carboni, Marco; Brant, William R; Pan, Ruijun; Hedman, Jonas; Zhu, Jiefang; Gustafsson, Torbjörn; Younesi, Reza

2018-04-25

Na-O 2 batteries are regarded as promising candidates for energy storage. They have higher energy efficiency, rate capability, and chemical reversibility than Li-O 2 batteries; in addition, sodium is cheaper and more abundant compared to lithium. However, inconsistent observations and instability of discharge products have inhibited the understanding of the working mechanism of this technology. In this work, we have investigated a number of factors that influence the stability of the discharge products. By means of in operando powder X-ray diffraction study, the influence of oxygen, sodium anode, salt, solvent, and carbon cathode were investigated. The Na metal anode and an ether-based solvent are the main factors that lead to the instability and decomposition of NaO 2 in the cell environment. This fundamental insight brings new information on the working mechanism of Na-O 2 batteries.

NaK handling and removal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Desreumaux, J.; Rodriguez, G.; Guigon, A.; Verdelli, J.; Thomine, G.

1997-01-01

Sodium-potassium alloy is used in specific application in French Fast Breeder Reactors as: cold traps, NaK bubbler for argon purification, valves and also in experimental irradiation devices. lt has been preferred to sodium because it is liquid from + 7 deg. C for the most common peritectic alloy. After its use, NaK is considered as a hazardous waste (nuclear or not) due to its high reactivity with air and water. The most important risk remains in handling NaK systems which have not been operated for some time. The NaK will be covered with a crust of the superoxide K02 which is a strong oxidising agent. Thermodynamically, K02 will react with most organic material or metallic dust or swarfs and can also react with additional NaK to give sufficient heat to boil part of the NaK, resulting in a sudden increase in pressure and small explosions. We describe the formation given to experimenters in our Sodium School and the CEA's experience in treating specific devices for transportation, decanting of tanks, tank opening and NaK removal. (author)

Angiotensin II-induced hypertension increases plasma membrane Na pump activity by enhancing Na entry in rat thick ascending limbs.

Science.gov (United States)

Gonzalez-Vicente, Agustin; Garvin, Jeffrey L

2013-11-01

Thick ascending limbs (TAL) reabsorb 30% of the filtered NaCl load. Na enters the cells via apical Na-K-2Cl cotransporters and Na/H exchangers and exits via basolateral Na pumps. Chronic angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion increases net TAL Na transport and Na apical entry; however, little is known about its effects on the basolateral Na pump. We hypothesized that in rat TALs Na pump activity is enhanced by ANG II-infusion, a model of ANG II-induced hypertension. Rats were infused with 200 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1) ANG II or vehicle for 7 days, and TAL suspensions were obtained. We studied plasma membrane Na pump activity by measuring changes in 1) intracellular Na (Nai) induced by ouabain; and 2) ouabain-sensitive oxygen consumption (QO2). We found that the ouabain-sensitive rise in Nai in TALs from ANG II-infused rats was 12.8 ± 0.4 arbitrary fluorescent units (AFU)·mg(-1)·min(-1) compared with only 9.9 ± 1.1 AFU·mg(-1)·min(-1) in controls (P Na pump expression, the number of Na pumps in the plasma membrane, or the affinity for Na. When furosemide (1.1 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) was coinfused with ANG II, no increase in plasma membrane Na pump activity was observed. We concluded that in ANG II-induced hypertension Na pump activity is increased in the plasma membrane of TALs and that this increase is caused by the chronically enhanced Na entry occurring in this model.

The entity-to-algorithm allocation problem: Extending the analysis

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Grobler, J

2014-12-01

Full Text Available . HYPOTHESES ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE MULTI-METHOD ALGORITHMS. HMHH EIHH EEA-SLPS HMHH NA 4− 19− 5 11− 8− 9 EIHH 5− 19− 4 NA 6− 16− 6 EEA-SLPS 9− 8− 11 6− 16− 6 NA Multi-EA 3− 4− 21 3− 1− 24 2− 3− 23 Multi-EA TOTAL HMHH 21− 4− 3 36− 3− 17 EIHH 24− 1− 3 35− 36... ANALYSIS OF THE VARIOUS ALGORITHMS VERSUS THEIR CONSTITUENT ALGORITHMS. Algorithm HMHH EIHH EEA-SLPS Multi-EA CMAES 0-3-25 4-2-22 4-2-22 2-2-24 SaNSDE 17-2-9 16-8-4 12-12-4 5-0-23 GA 22-3-3 23-2-3 23-4-1 4-5-19 GCPSO 20-1-7 20-3-5 19-3-6 8-3-17 TOTAL 55...

Silicene for Na-ion battery applications

KAUST Repository

Zhu, Jiajie

2016-08-19

Na-ion batteries are promising candidates to replace Li-ion batteries in large scale applications because of the advantages in natural abundance and cost of Na. Silicene has potential as the anode in Li-ion batteries but so far has not received attention with respect to Na-ion batteries. In this context, freestanding silicene, a graphene-silicene-graphene heterostructure, and a graphene-silicene superlattice are investigated for possible application in Na-ion batteries, using first-principles calculations. The calculated Na capacities of 954mAh/g for freestanding silicene and 730mAh/g for the graphenesilicene superlattice (10% biaxial tensile strain) are highly competitive and potentials of >0.3 V against the Na/Na potential exceed the corresponding value of graphite. In addition, the diffusion barriers are predicted to be <0.3 eV.

Hydrolysis of Rice Straw Pretreated by Na2SO3 Over Fe-resin/NaCl

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YANG Hui

2017-05-01

Full Text Available To increase the conversion of rice straw(RS and the yield of products, we employed three methods, which were ultrasonic wave, steam explosion and Na2SO3 pretreatment to pretreat RS(the treated RS noted as CS-RS, ZQ-RS and Na2SO3-RS, respectively and found that Na2SO3 treatment was the best pretreatment method based on XRD, SEM, elemental analysis and content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The conversion of Na2SO3-RS and the yield of total reducing sugar(TRS and levulinic acid(LA were 97.3%, 29.6% and 13.5%, respectively by 10% Fe-resin in 3.3% NaCl solution under 200 ℃.

Dijk- en oeverval aan den cal. Willem Annapolder (Gem. Kapelle)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Verhagen, H.J.

1936-01-01

Foto's van de aanleg van de dijk- en oeverval aan den cal. Willem Annapolder (Gem. Kapelle) 3. Linkerhelft dijkval Willem Annapolder. 30 Dec. 1936 4. Rechtehelft dijkval Willem Annapolder. 30 Dec. 1936 5. Overzicht dijkval Willem Annaolder. 30 Dec. 1936 6. Kleikisting binnendijks aangebacht. 14/15

El legado de los inmigrantes árabes y judíos al desarrollo económico de la Costa Caribe colombiana y a la conformación de su empresariado entre 1850-2000

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Katya Inéso Igirio Gamero

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Árabes y judíos jugaron un papel significativo en el desarrollo económico del Caribe colombiano entre los años 1850 y 2000. Para comprender su influencia, se hace necesario conocer sus orígenes, las condiciones que generaron las migraciones de sus pueblos y los principales obstáculos que encontraron al llegar. También quiénes fueron los pioneros, cómo fue su ascenso social y establecer cuáles son sus principales aportes al desarrollo empresarial, político y sociocultural de la región.Este estudio de corte histórico-regional, dejó entrever su espíritu empresarial centrado en las “cadenas de ayuda”, amplio conocimiento del mercado internacional e incomparable habilidad para comerciar que atraía capitales de ultramar, cuya tradición de comerciantes, contribuyó al proceso de industrialización que experimentó el Caribe Colombiano en el siglo XX; árabes y judíos incursionaron en una variedad de actividades económicas en las poblaciones donde se asentaron: ventas al por mayor y al detal, actividades industriales, frigoríficos, ganadería, cinematografía, periodismo, cultura y política, que además explica la urgencia que manifestó esta comunidad de adquirir status, conexiones políticas, capacidad para relacionarse con otros actores sociales, internos y externos y promover un ambiente favorable a las iniciativas empresariales capaces de influir en las decisiones de política a nivel regional y nacional.Palabras Clave: Cadenas de ayuda; espíritu empresarial; migraciones; iniciativa; créditos personales; cultura.The legacy did arab and jewish immigrants leave to the colombian caribbean coast economic development and the formation of its entrepreneurship between 1850 and 2000AbstractArab and Jewish people played an important role in the economic development of the Colombian Caribbean Coast between 1850 and 2000. To understand their influence, it is necessary to know their origin, the conditions that generated the migration

Na+/H+ and Na+/NH4+ exchange activities of zebrafish NHE3b expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Science.gov (United States)

Ito, Yusuke; Kato, Akira; Hirata, Taku; Hirose, Shigehisa

2014-01-01

Zebrafish Na+/H+ exchanger 3b (zNHE3b) is highly expressed in the apical membrane of ionocytes where Na+ is absorbed from ion-poor fresh water against a concentration gradient. Much in vivo data indicated that zNHE3b is involved in Na+ absorption but not leakage. However, zNHE3b-mediated Na+ absorption has not been thermodynamically explained, and zNHE3b activity has not been measured. To address this issue, we overexpressed zNHE3b in Xenopus oocytes and characterized its activity by electrophysiology. Exposure of zNHE3b oocytes to Na+-free media resulted in significant decrease in intracellular pH (pHi) and intracellular Na+ activity (aNai). aNai increased significantly when the cytoplasm was acidified by media containing CO2-HCO3− or butyrate. Activity of zNHE3b was inhibited by amiloride or 5-ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA). Although the activity was accompanied by a large hyperpolarization of ∼50 mV, voltage-clamp experiments showed that Na+/H+ exchange activity of zNHE3b is electroneutral. Exposure of zNHE3b oocytes to medium containing NH3/NH4+ resulted in significant decreases in pHi and aNai and significant increase in intracellular NH4+ activity, indicating that zNHE3b mediates the Na+/NH4+ exchange. In low-Na+ (0.5 mM) media, zNHE3b oocytes maintained aNai of 1.3 mM, and Na+-influx was observed when pHi was decreased by media containing CO2-HCO3− or butyrate. These results provide thermodynamic evidence that zNHE3b mediates Na+ absorption from ion-poor fresh water by its Na+/H+ and Na+/NH4+ exchange activities. PMID:24401990

The relation between aging, aortic NaF avidity and coronary artery NaF avidity: A NaF PET CT study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Blomberg, Björn; Thomassen, Anders; Hildebrandt, Malene

2013-01-01

volunteers without traditional cardiovascular risk factors were prospectively assessed by Sodium 18-Fluoride (Na-18F) PET CT imaging. Global aortic uptake of Na-18F was determined by calculating the average aortic blood pool subtracted maximum standardized uptake value (cSUV) [maximum SUVaorta - mean...

La pertinencia de una historia de la construcción emocional del cuerpo femenino en México entre 1850-1910. Abordaje desde el construccionismo social

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oliva López Sánchez

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Las emociones han sido concebidas como una característica fisiológica del cuerpo de las mujeres. Dicha asociación se ha convertido en un rasgo de feminidad. En los siglos XIX y a principios del XX, la naturalización de esa dimensión configuró una cultura afectiva femenina, que ha contribuido a la organización social de lasrelaciones de género. En este texto se presentan algunasreflexiones y avances de la investigación sobre la construcción emocional del cuerpo femenino en México (1850-19101, en la cualse analizan lasrepresentaciones médicas del cuerpo y las emocionesfemeninas en ese periodo. Se recurre a un marco interdisciplinario para mostrar que las emociones constituyen un elemento analítico fundamental en la interpretación de la cultura, en general, y en la construcción de género, en particular. La intención es deconstruir el mito de la naturalización de las emociones como parte de la feminidad que se suma al imaginario social de lo femenino.

[Stays in Paris of professors and students from the Faculty of Pharmacy of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), 1900-1936].

Science.gov (United States)

Beatriz Arias, Brasa; Landín Pérez, Mariana

2011-10-01

In the early twentieth century, if there were an European Capital of biomedical research, it was definitely Paris. It was in this city where microbiology was born in the 19th century due to the crucial influence of Louis Pasteur. In 1888 he founded the Pasteur Institute in Paris where the rabies vaccine, that Pasteur himself had discovered in 1885, was administrated. This institution was also a place to continue his research on infectious diseases and to disseminate its findings. It is a private non-profit state-approved foundation that has attracted along the years many scientists from France and abroad who have been traditionally called "pasteuriens". So it was a world reference centre which has produced important scientific discoveries at a rapid pace and where resources both material and human, were abundant. The Pasteur institute therefore became one of the favourite research facilities of teachers and students from Spanish universities during the first third of the twentieth century, thanks to new regulations that encouraged training abroad. Scholarship policy promoted by the Spanish Government by an organization called Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas (Council for Higher Studies and Scientific Research from, 1907 to 1936) formed scientists abroad. The Faculty of Pharmacy of Santiago de Compostela sent some of its members to the French capital between 1905 and 1933. We found that the vast majority chose the Pasteur Institute to conduct the studies of biological chemistry and drug synthesis, but always dependent of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Paris. Our study focuses on teachers and students who went to Paris, the dates, the course of their scientific stay and how these studies influenced their later work, once they returned to the Faculty of Pharmacy of Santiago de Compostela.

[Jan Fryderyk Wolfgang's autobiography (1850) in the light of hand-written and printed sources].

Science.gov (United States)

Kuźnicka, B

2001-01-01

The archival collection of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences in Vilnius (Wilno) contains many manuscripts relating to the scientific work of Jan Fryderyk Wolfgang (1776-1859), professor of pharmacy and pharmacology of the Wilno University in the years 1807-1831, the founder and main figure in the Wilno pharmacognostic school, a botanist with substantial achievements in wide-ranging research on the flora of the Wilno region, as well as a historian of pharmacy. The most interesting of the manuscripts include Wolfgang's Autobiografia [Autobiography], written in 1850, and a list of his publications covering a total of 57 items (including some that have hitherto remained unknown), a work entitled Historya Farmakologii i Farmacyi [History of pharmacology and pharmacy], and a particularly valuable manuscript (666 + 12 sheets) entitled Farmakologiia [Pharmacology]. Worth mentioning are also two catalogues of books from Wolfgang's library: one compiled by Wolfgang himself (37 sheets) and the other by Adam Ferdynand Adamowicz. The content of the autobiography manuscript is contained on five sheets. The author of the present article analyzes the document, comparing the information contained in it with the biographies of J. F. Wolfgang that hhave been published so far (these being primarily the biography by Dominik Cezary ChodYko, published in 1863, and that by Witold W3odzimierz G3owacki of 1960). The text of the autobiography is quoted in full, together with numerous comments. The analysis of the manuscript as well as the biographical data contained in the above-mentioned biographies indicate that Wolfgang had great achievements as a scientist (in both research and organizational work), as a champion of public causes and as an educator of a generation of botanists-pharmacognostics. It also transpires from the autobiography, as well as from the research by historians, that he was a very good and trustful person, who readily granted access to his research to his collaborators

Rescue of Na+ and H+ binding in Na+,K+-ATPase M8 aspartate mutants by secondary mutation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm, Rikke; Einholm, Anja P.; Andersen, Jens Peter

A mutation replacing the aspartate in transmembrane segment M8 in the a3-isoform of Na,K-ATPase with asparagine has been found in patients with rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism or alternating hemiplegia of childhood. This aspartate may be a critical Na+ coordinating residue, but the crystal......-isoforms of Na,K-ATPase, and much smaller effects were seen for other mutations to the M8 aspartate, which were less disruptive of Na+ binding than mutations to other residues related to Na+ site III. The D928 (rat a1 numbering) mutations strongly diminished the cooperativity of Na+ binding. Moreover the p......H optimum of Na,K-ATPase activity was left-shifted, again with D928N being most disruptive. The reduced affinity for activating Na+ and for inhibitory protons, caused by D928N and D928A mutations, could be rescued by introduction of an additional mutation of a glutamate located far away from D928....

Salinity tolerance in barley (hordeum vulgare l.): effects of varying NaCl, K/sup +/ Na/sup +/ and NaHCO/sub 3/ levels on cultivars differing in tolerance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mahmood, K.

2011-01-01

Although barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is regarded as salt tolerant among crop plants, its growth and plant development is severely affected by ionic and osmotic stresses in salt-affected soils. To elucidate the tolerance mechanism, growth and ion uptake of three barley cultivars, differing in salt tolerance, were examined under different levels of NaCl, K/sup +/ Na/sup +/ and NaHCO/sub 3/ in the root medium. The cultivars differed greatly in their responses to varying root medium conditions. Plant growth was more adversely affected by NaHCO/sub 3/ than NaCl. In general, biomass yields were comparable under control and 100 mM NaCl. However, growth of all three cultivars was significantly inhibited by NaHCO/sub 3/ even at low concentration (10 mM). Improved K/sup +/ supply in saline medium increased K/sup +/ uptake and growth of less tolerant cultivars. K/sup +/ uptake was more adversely affected by NaHCO/sub 3/ than NaCl salinity. Selective K/sup +/ uptake and lower Cl/sup -/ in shoots seemed to be associated with the growth responses. K application would help better growth of these cultivars on K-deficient saline-sodic soils and under irrigation with poor quality water having high Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and/or Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR). (author)

Eficiência da inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense associado com enraizador no crescimento e na produção de alface

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Antonio Anicete de Lima

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense (AzBr com e sem enraizador, no crescimento, produção de biomassa e resistência a pragas da alface, cultivar Lucy Brown. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em recipientes plásticos com capacidade de 8,0 L no espaçamento 40 x 20 cm. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (2x3+1, sendo o primeiro fator Azospirillum com e sem enraizador de crescimento e o segundo doses de nitrogênio em cobertura, 0%, 50% e 100% da recomendação de adubação e uma testemunha com adubação convencional, com quatro repetições. Em doses médias de 50% de N em cobertura, tanto o AzBr, quanto a associação AzBr mais enraizador, apresentaram um incremento significativo na massa fresca da parte aérea e de raízes de 19,36% e 23,66%, respectivamente, em relação a dose máxima de N e a testemunha. A massa seca da parte aérea não diferiu significativamente nos diferentes tratamentos, embora tenha mostrado um pequeno aumento com as doses crescente de N. A massa seca de raízes diminuiu 29,24% no tratamento com 100% de N, quando comparado ao tratamento sem cobertura nitrogenada mais AzBr. O estande final de plantas foi significativamente maior no tratamento no qual N não foi aplicado em cobertura, destacando-se a inoculação com AzBr, média de 96,98% de plantas estabelecidas, contra 51,56% na testemunha convencional, observando-se que até a dose média de N, houve uma maior tolerância das plantas aos sintomas de minas foliares e as viroses do Grupo Tospovirus.Azospirillum brasilense inoculation efficiency associated with rooting growth and production of lettuceAbstract: In the survey evaluated the effect of Azospirillum brasilense (AzBr inoculated with and without rooting, on growth, biomass production and lettuce pest resistance, cultivar Lucy Brown. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in plastic bags with 8.0 L capacity in

Glutathionylation-Dependence of Na+-K+-Pump Currents Can Mimic Reduced Subsarcolemmal Na+ Diffusion

OpenAIRE

Garcia, Alvaro; Liu, Chia-Chi; Cornelius, Flemming; Clarke, Ronald?J.; Rasmussen, Helge?H.

2016-01-01

The existence of a subsarcolemmal space with restricted diffusion for Na+ in cardiac myocytes has been inferred from a transient peak electrogenic Na+-K+ pump current beyond steady state on reexposure of myocytes to K+ after a period of exposure to K+-free extracellular solution. The transient peak current is attributed to enhanced electrogenic pumping of Na+ that accumulated in the diffusion-restricted space during pump inhibition in K+-free extracellular solution. However, there are no know...

Myocardial Na,K-ATPase: Clinical aspects

OpenAIRE

Kjeldsen, Keld

2003-01-01

The specific binding of digitalis glycosides to Na,K-ATPase is used as a tool for Na,K-ATPase quantification with high accuracy and precision. In myocardial biopsies from patients with heart failure, total Na,K-ATPase concentration is decreased by around 40%; a correlation exists between a decrease in heart function and a decrease in Na,K-ATPase concentration. During digitalization, around 30% of remaining pumps are occupied by digoxin. Myocardial Na,K-ATPase is also influenced by other drugs...

Down-Regulation of the Na+-Coupled Phosphate Transporter NaPi-IIa by AMP-Activated Protein Kinase

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Miribane Dërmaku-Sopjani

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Background/Aims: The Na+-coupled phosphate transporter NaPi-IIa is the main carrier accomplishing renal tubular phosphate reabsorption. It is driven by the electrochemical Na+ gradient across the apical cell membrane, which is maintained by Na+ extrusion across the basolateral cell membrane through the Na+/K+ ATPase. The operation of NaPi-IIa thus requires energy in order to avoid cellular Na+ accumulation and K+ loss with eventual decrease of cell membrane potential, Cl- entry and cell swelling. Upon energy depletion, early inhibition of Na+-coupled transport processes may delay cell swelling and thus foster cell survival. Energy depletion is sensed by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, a serine/threonine kinase stimulating several cellular mechanisms increasing energy production and limiting energy utilization. The present study explored whether AMPK influences the activity of NAPi-IIa. Methods: cRNA encoding NAPi-IIa was injected into Xenopus oocytes with or without additional expression of wild-type AMPK (AMPKα1-HA+AMPKβ1-Flag+AMPKγ1-HA, of inactive AMPKαK45R (AMPKα1K45R+AMPKβ1-Flag+AMPKγ1-HA or of constitutively active AMPKγR70Q (AMPKα1-HA+AMPKβ1-Flag+AMPKγ1R70Q. NaPi-IIa activity was estimated from phosphate-induced current in dual electrode voltage clamp experiments. Results: In NaPi-IIa-expressing, but not in water-injected Xenopus oocytes, the addition of phosphate (1 mM to the extracellular bath solution generated a current (Ip, which was significantly decreased by coexpression of wild-type AMPK and of AMPKγR70Q but not of AMPKαK45R. The phosphate-induced current in NaPi-IIa- and AMPK-expressing Xenopus ooocytes was significantly increased by AMPK inhibitor Compound C (20 µM. Kinetic analysis revealed that AMPK significantly decreased the maximal transport rate. Conclusion: The AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK is a powerful regulator of NaPi-IIa and thus of renal tubular phosphate transport.

«Recetario de cocina mexicana»: edición semidiplomática y modernizada de un manuscrito inédito del siglo XIX

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Susana Echeverría Echeverría

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Neste trabalho apresentam-se amostras de edição semidiplomática e modernizada do texto manuscrito inédito intitulado Recetario de cocina mexicana (Mss/23133/15, ca. 1850, que se guarda na Biblioteca Nacional de España, em Madri. Para terminar, acrescenta-se um comentário linguístico sobre alguns aspectos destacáveis do recetuário. Palavras-chave: Crítica textual; edição; manuscrito; cozinha mexicana; século XIX.  Resumen: En este trabajo se presentan muestras de edición semidiplomática y modernizada del texto manuscrito inédito titulado Recetario de cocina mexicana (Mss/23133/15, ca. 1850, que se guarda en la Biblioteca Nacional de España, en Madrid. Para terminar, se incluye un comentario lingüístico sobre algunos aspectos destacables del recetario. Palabras-clave: Crítica textual; edición; manuscrito; cocina mexicana; siglo XIX.  Keywords: Textual criticism; edition; manuscript; Mexican cuisine; XIXth century.

Thermodynamic study of NaFe complex oxides. High temperature properties of Na sub 5 FeO sub 4 and Na sub 3 FeO sub 3

CERN Document Server

Furukawa, T

2002-01-01

In order to contribute the investigation into corrosion mechanism of the structural materials by leakage sodium, thermodynamic study of Na-Fe complex oxides formed by the reactions was carried out. Na sub 5 FeO sub 4 and Na sub 3 FeO sub 3 were used as the sample. Its high temperature properties (i.e. melting, solidification and transformation) were observed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, DSC. Moreover, the original test named 'melting point confirmation test' was performed for the observation of traces of melting and solidification after the tests. Following contents have been obtained by this study. (1) Na sub 5 FeO sub 4 was stably as the solid without phase transformation and melting until 800degC. However, the compound was showing a tendency to change into Na sub 4 FeO sub 3 with temperature increasing under the low oxygen potential. (2) The stability of Na sub 3 FeO sub 3 is the same as that of Na sub 5 FeO sub 4 until 700degC. Over the temperature, the compound was changed differential compound ...

Metallic Na formation in NaCl crystals with irradiation of electron or vacuum ultraviolet photon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Owaki, Shigehiro [Osaka Prefecture Univ., Sakai, Osaka (Japan). Coll. of Integrated Arts and Sciences; Koyama, Shigeko; Takahashi, Masao; Kamada, Masao; Suzuki, Ryouichi

1997-03-01

Metallic Na was formed in NaCl single crystals with irradiation of a variety of radiation sources and analyzed the physical states with several methods. In the case of irradiation of 21 MeV electron pulses to the crystal blocks, the optical absorption and lifetime measurement of positron annihilation indicated appearance of Na clusters inside. Radiation effects of electron beam of 30 keV to the crystals in vacuum showed the appearance of not only metallic Na but atomic one during irradiation with Auger electron spectroscopy. Intense photon fluxes in vacuum ultraviolet region of synchrotron radiation were used as another source and an analyzing method of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed the metallic Na layered so thick that bulk plasmon can exist. (author)

Brotação e fertilidade de gemas em uvas sem sementes no Vale do São Francisco

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Leão Patrícia Coelho de Souza

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a porcentagem de brotação e índice de fertilidade de gemas de cinco variedades de uvas sem sementes em cinco diferentes datas de poda, realizou-se um experimento no Campo Experimental de Bebedouro, da Embrapa Semi-Árido, em Petrolina-PE. O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas subdivididas, constituídas por cinco variedades de uvas sem sementes como tratamentos principais e cinco diferentes épocas de poda como tratamentos secundários, utilizando-se dez repetições constituídas por uma planta. As variedades utilizadas foram Perlette, Thompson Seedless, Marroo Seedless, Catalunha e Superior Seedless, e as épocas de poda foram: 18 e 19/12/2000; 18 a 21/06/2001; 23 a 29/10/2001; 29/01 a 05/02/2002 e 08 a 12/04/2002. As variáveis estudadas foram a porcentagem de brotação e o índice de fertilidade real das gemas determinado pela razão número de cachos por número de gemas. A fertilidade real de gemas foi analisada entre a 1ª e 10ª gema da vara. Os maiores valores médios para brotação e fertilidade foram observados nas variedades Marroo Seedless e Perlette, sendo que as podas realizadas nos meses de junho de 2001 e abril de 2002 favoreceram o aumento da brotação e da fertilidade das gemas na maioria das variedades.

Macrodactylini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae: primary types of type species and taxonomic changes to the generic classification

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Juares Fuhrmann

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Type series for 35 type species of Macrodactylini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae are studied and taxonomic changes are proposed. The following 35 lectotypes are designated: Agaocnemis pruina Moser, 1918; Amphicrania ursina Burmeister, 1855; Anomalochilus singularis Blanchard, 1850; Anomalonyx uruguayensis Moser, 1921; Aulanota sulcipennis Moser, 1924; Barybas nanus Blanchard, 1850; Barybas volvulus Burmeister, 1855; Calodactylus tibialis Blanchard, 1850; Ceraspis pruinosa LePeletier de Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1828; Ceratolontha venezuelae Arrow, 1948; Chariodactylus chacoensis Moser, 1919; Clavipalpus dejeani Laporte, 1832; Corminus canescens Burmeister, 1855; Ctenotis obesa Burmeister, 1855; Ctilocephala pellucens Burmeister, 1855; Demodema fallax Blanchard, 1850; Euryaspis gaudichaudii Blanchard, 1851; Faula cornuta Blanchard, 1850; Gama grandicornis Blanchard, 1850; Gastrohoplus mirabilis Moser, 1921; Mallotarsus spadiceus Blanchard, 1850; Manodactylus gaujoni Moser, 1919; Manopus biguttatus Conte de Castelnau, 1840; Melolontha rufipennis Fabricius, 1801; Oedichira pachydactyla Burmeister, 1855; Pachycerus castaneipennis Guérin-Méneville, 1831; Pachylotoma viridis Blanchard, 1850; Pectinosoma elongata Arrow, 1913; Philochlaenia virescens Blanchard, 1842; Plectris tomentosa LePeletier de Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1828; Pseudohercitis viridiaenea Moser, 1921; Rhinaspoides aeneofusca Moser, 1919; Schizochelus flavescens Blanchard, 1850; Serica marmorea Guérin-Méneville, 1831; and Ulomenes hypocrita Blanchard, 1850. The following six genera are revalidated: Byrasba Harold, 1869 (formerly a synonym of Rhinaspis Perty, 1833; Euryaspis Blanchard, 1851 (formerly a synonym of Plectris LePeletier de Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1828; Junkia Dalla Torre, 1913 (formerly a synonym of Plectris; Faula Blanchard, 1850 (formerly a synonym of Ceraspis LePeletier de Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1828; Paulosawaya

Scintillation efficiency measurement of Na recoils in NaI(Tl) below the DAMA/LIBRA energy threshold

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xu, Jingke; Shields, Emily; Calaprice, Frank; Westerdale, Shawn; Froborg, Francis; Suerfu, Burkhant; Alexander, Thomas; Aprahamian, Ani; Back, Henning O.; Casarella, Clark; Fang, Xiao; Gupta, Yogesh K.; Ianni, Aldo; Lamere, Edward; Lippincott, W. Hugh; Liu, Qian; Lyons, Stephanie; Siegl, Kevin; Smith, Mallory; Tan, Wanpeng; Kolk, Bryant Vande

2015-07-01

The dark matter interpretation of the DAMA modulation signal depends on the NaI(Tl) scintillation efficiency of nuclear recoils. Previous measurements for Na recoils have large discrepancies, especially in the DAMA/LIBRA modulation energy region. We report a quenching effect measurement of Na recoils in NaI(Tl) from 3 to 52 keVnr, covering the whole DAMA/LIBRA energy region for dark matter-Na scattering interpretations. By using a low-energy, pulsed neutron beam, a double time-of-flight technique, and pulse-shape discrimination methods, we obtained the most accurate measurement of this kind for NaI(Tl) to date. The results differ significantly from the DAMA reported values at low energies but fall between the other previous measurements. We present the implications of the new quenching results for the dark matter interpretation of the DAMA modulation signal.

Synthesis of Ag or Pt Nanoparticles by Hydrolysis of Either Ag2Na or PtNa

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Huabin Wang

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Ag and Pt nanoparticles have successfully been synthesized by hydrolysis of either Ag2Na or PtNa at room temperature. The oxidation of sodium in the Pt-Na pellets was much faster than that in the Ag-Na pellets since Pt is a catalyst for H2O formation reaction from hydrogen and oxygen at room temperature. The hydrolysis byproduct, NaOH, has a high solubility and easily is removed. This method offers a simple method of preparing transition metal nanoparticles. The Ag and Pt nanoparticles prepared by this method were crystalline in nature, and spherical in shape with a mean size of around 10 nm.

Dynamic polarizabilities and Van der Waals coefficients for alkali atoms Li, Na and alkali dimer molecules Li2, Na2 and NaLi

Science.gov (United States)

Mérawa, M.; Dargelos, A.

1998-07-01

The present paper gives an account of investigations of the polarizability of the alkali atoms Li, Na, diatomics homonuclear and heteronuclear Li2, Na2 and NaLi at SCF (Self Consistent Field) level of approximation and at correlated level, using a time Time-Dependent Gauge Invariant method (TDGI). Our static polarizability values agree with the best experimental and theoretical determinations. The Van der Waals C6 coefficients for the atom-atom, atom-dimer and dimer-dimer interactions have been evaluated. Les polarisabilités des atomes alcalins Li, Na, et des molécules diatomiques homonucléaires et hétéronucléaire Li2, Na2 et NaLi, ont été calculées au niveau SCF (Self Consistent Field) et au niveau corrélé à partir d'une méthode invariante de jauge dépendante du temps(TDGI). Nos valeurs des polarisabilités statiques sont en accord avec les meilleurs déterminations expérimentales et théoriques. Les coefficients C6 de Van de Waals pour les interactions atome-atome, atome-dimère et dimère-dimère ont également été évalués.

Role of upper-most crustal composition in the evolution of the Precambrian ocean-atmosphere system

Science.gov (United States)

Large, R. R.; Mukherjee, I.; Zhukova, I.; Corkrey, R.; Stepanov, A.; Danyushevsky, L. V.

2018-04-01

features of the Boring Billion (1800-800 Ma). Firstly, because mafic-ultramafic rocks contain significantly higher levels of the bio-essential nutrient elements (e.g. Fe, P, Ni, Cr, Co, Cu, Se, Mn, Zn) compared with felsic rocks, the flux of macro- and micro-nutrients to the ocean would have decreased significantly post 1850 Ma. This would have contributed to a drop in productivity and a drop in atmosphere O2 as suggested by the marine pyrite proxy. In addition, a change from mafic to felsic dominant composition of the UMCC post 1850 Ma, would have led to a decrease in the erosive flux of Ca and Mg to the ocean, affecting the oceanic carbonate equilibrium and likely contributing to a rise in atmosphere CO2. On this basis, we speculate that the commencement of the middle Proterozoic, commonly known as the Boring Billion period from 1800 to 800 Ma, marks the start of an extended time in Earth's evolution when the UMCC became dominated by felsic rocks, particularly K-U-Th-anorogenic granites. This led to a period of anomalously low concentrations of bio-essential trace elements, but elevated REE, U, Th, Pb, Tl, Rb/Al and K/Na in the oceans.

Structure-function relationships of Na+, K+, ATP, or Mg2+ binding and energy transduction in Na,K-ATPase

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jorgensen, Peter L.; Pedersen, Per Amstrup

2000-01-01

Na,K-ATPase; Mutagenesis; Na+ binding; K+ binding; Tl+ binding; Mg2+ binding; ATP binding; Cation binding site; Energy transduction......Na,K-ATPase; Mutagenesis; Na+ binding; K+ binding; Tl+ binding; Mg2+ binding; ATP binding; Cation binding site; Energy transduction...

[The Swedish ambulance services 1935-1936 of Gunnar Agge].

Science.gov (United States)

Gustavsson, Pär; Nilsson, Peter M

2006-01-01

their dangerous journey towards the front, in the erratic hands of the weather-gods and the harsh environment. Roads, in a European sense, almost never existed and when the rain turned them into fields of mud, in which the cars constantly got stuck, the prospect of the ambulance did not seem good. For the minor group, for which Dr Agge was the assigned leader, it took more then two months to reach the eastern parts of Ethiopia. The other larger group reached its destination Mälka Dida on december 19th. It didn't take long before the Italian airforce started to show an alarming interest for their camp. On December 30th, despite the fact that the field-hospital was marked with the flag of the Red Cross according to the Geneva Convention, Italian pilots dropped more then one hundred bombs over the area and totally destroyed the field-hospital and more or less all medical equipment. This day remains as maybe the darkest in the history of the International Red Cross. The Swedish medical orderly Gunnar Lundström later past away due to the injuries he suffered. Doctor Hylander was also seriously wounded but fortunately he could fully recover. The remaing crew of the ambulance was forced to retreat and after spending some time in the capital Addis Abeba they joined the smaller group. In the beginning of May 1936 it was time for the ambulance to try to make its way home. The crew was running out of medical equipment and it seemed just like a matter of time before the Italian pilots would detect them. After a hazardous journey through a nation in complete anarchy after the collapse of the Ethiopian military they could finally put themselves in security in British Kenya. This paper concludes that the ambulance indeed made a great humanitarian effort, by making its way through the harsh environment, establishing it close to the front line and treating thousands of patients, including both civilians and soldiers. This was an extraordinary performance that brought some balance to

At NA2

CERN Multimedia

1977-01-01

One of the NA2 calorimeter sections is moved in. The NA2 calorimeter was divided in two halves, to the left and the right of the beam, each half consisting of sheets of passive high Z material interleaved with blades of plastic scintillators. The photo shows on the right, the upstream 'electron' module with eleven lead plates for a total radiation length of 20.

(1905-1936

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Miquela Forteza Oliver

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En este texto se pretende indagar en la manera en que la Catedral de Mallorca se fue adaptando a la nueva situación provocada por la aparición del turismo de masas, basándose en el proceso de documentación y análisis de su recepción a través de las guías turísticas, las fotografías y la creación y el desarrollo del Museo Capitular. Hasta la interrupción turística provocada por la Guerra Civil podemos distinguir dos etapas: la primera, iniciada a finales de 1905, esta protagonizada por la fundación del museo; mientras que, la segunda, que tuvo lugar en los anos treinta, es una etapa de consolidación y desarrollo, una etapa de autentica propaganda turística, en la que se editaran, en varios idiomas, la primeras guías turísticas y se renovara el espacio expositivo.

Comparison of Spheroidal Carbonaceous Particle Data with Modelled Atmospheric Black Carbon Concentration and Deposition and Air Mass Sources in Northern Europe, 1850–2010

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Meri Ruppel

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCP are a well-defined fraction of black carbon (BC, produced only by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as coal and oil. Their past concentrations have been studied using environmental archives, but, additionally, historical trends of BC concentration and deposition can be estimated by modelling. These models are based on BC emission inventories, but actual measurements of BC concentration and deposition play an essential role in their evaluation and validation. We use the chemistry transport model OsloCTM2 to model historical time series of BC concentration and deposition from energy and industrial sources and compare these to sedimentary measurements of SCPs obtained from lake sediments in Northern Europe from 1850 to 2010. To determine the origin of SCPs we generated back trajectories of air masses to the study sites. Generally, trends of SCP deposition and modelled results agree reasonably well, showing rapidly increasing values from 1950, to a peak in 1980, and a decrease towards the present. Empirical SCP data show differences in deposition magnitude between the sites that are not captured by the model but which may be explained by different air mass transport patterns. The results highlight the need for numerous observational records to reliably validate model results.

Na+-K+ pump in chronic renal failure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deepak, K.; Kahn, T.

1987-01-01

This review summarizes the evidence for the defect in Na + -K + pump in chronic renal failure, considers the role of various factors in causing this defect, and discusses the clinical implications thereof. Intracellular Na is elevated in erythrocytes, leukocytes, and muscle cells from some patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Recent evidence suggest that this elevation of cell Na may be, in large part, a consequence of decreased number of Na + -K + pump units per cell. Maintenance dialysis over a period of weeks ameliorates the defect in intracellular Na + , and this improvement is contemporaneous with an increase in the number of Na + -K + pump sites per cell. In erythrocytes with normal cell Na + , acute hemodialysis increases the rate of 22 Na + and 42 K + transport. Many factors such as the presence of retained toxic metabolite or circulating inhibitor in the uremic plasma, or biochemical changes produced by acute hemodialysis, may explain this finding. In cells with high cell Na + , the pump-mediated 42 K + transport is normalized at the expense of a raised cell Na + . The decreased muscle membrane potential in uremic subjects has been attributed to a decreased activity of Na + -K + pump. The authors discuss the role of hormonal abnormalities and circulating inhibitors, which may cause an acute inhibition of the pump and of other factors such as K + depletion, which may cause more chronic alterations. The implications of alteration of Na + and K + pump transport and raised cell Na + on other non-pump-mediated transport pathways are discussed. Raised cell Na + may be a marker for the adequacy of maintenance dialysis in patients with end-stage renal failure

Pozitivni in negativni vplivi risank na otroke

OpenAIRE

Povše, Nika

2017-01-01

V tej diplomski nalogi smo raziskovali pozitivne in negativne vplive risank na otroke. Začeli smo z zgodovino televizije, tako svetovno zgodovino kot zgodovino televizije na Slovenskem. Na isti način smo pregledali tudi zgodovino risank. Raziskovali smo otrokov razvoj, predvsem tiste vidike, ki so izpostavljeni vplivom risank, kot so morala, jezik, domišljija in učenje. Sledilo je raziskovanje negativnih in pozitivnih vplivov, ki jih imajo risanke na otroke, kar je tudi naš glavni problem te ...

Vpliv konfucija na sodobno izobraževanje na Kitajskem

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Katja Skitek

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Izobraževanje na Kitajskem je bilo vedno trdno povezano s Konfucijem in konfucianizmom, kar pa ni čudno, saj je bil Konfucij prvi, ki je poudarjal moč z nanja in izobraževanja. LR Kitajska je v zadnjih petdesetih letih počasi in postopoma začela uveljavljati določene spremembe v vzgojno-izobraževalni sistem. Kakšne so te spremembe in koliko nanje še vedno vpliva konfucianizem, bo osrednja tema pričujočega članka. Konfucianizem danes na Kitajskem ni preveč popularen, izobraženci pa so se razporedili v dve skupini: eni trdijo, da je njegov vpliv še vedno velik, drugi pa zatrjujejo, da nima več nobenega vpliva na sodobno življenje. Katera stran ima prav? Konfucij je v prvi vrsti poudarjal pomembnost moralnih vrednot vsakega človeka in prav moralne vrednote, za katere se je zavzemal, so še danes trdno zasidrane v kitajski kulturi. Ali je torej sploh mogoče popolnoma izriniti Konfucija iz sodobnega izobraževanja?

Low-spin states of 23Na

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bakkum, E.L.

1987-01-01

A study of 23 Na via the 22 Ne(p,γ) 23 Na and 23 Na(γ,γ) 23 Na reactions is presented. Only a limited number of resonances has been studied, selected on the basis of strong excitation of the lowest levels of which the spin was unknown. As a result the spins are now known of all levels of 23 Na with excitation energies up to 7 MeV, except for a few high-spin states which are too weakly excited in the decay of the known 22 Ne(p,γ) resonances. The mean lifetimes of the 23 Na levels at 4.43 and 7.89 MeV were found to be 350±70 and 220±17 attoseconds (1 attosecond = 10 -18 seconds) respectively. 97 refs.; 22 figs.; 12 tabs

Response of saliva Na/K ratio to changing Na supply of lactating cows under tropical conditions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Thiangtum, Wandee; Schonewille, J Thomas; Verstegen, Martin Wa; Arsawakulsudhi, Supot; Rukkwamsuk, Theera; Hendriks, Wouter H

BACKGROUND: Factorial determination of the sodium (Na) requirement of heat-stressed lactating cows is hindered by accurate estimates of the Na losses through sweat. Direct studies, therefore, may be needed requiring information on the time course of healthy animals to become Na depleted and the

Response of saliva Na/K ratio to changing Na supply of lactating cows under tropical conditions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Thiangtum, Wandee; Schonewille, Thomas J.; Verstegen, Martin W.A.; Arsawakulsudhi, Supot; Rukkwamsuk, Theera; Hendriks, Wouter H.

2017-01-01

BACKGROUND: Factorial determination of the sodium (Na) requirement of heat-stressed lactating cows is hindered by accurate estimates of the Na losses through sweat. Direct studies, therefore, may be needed requiring information on the time course of healthy animals to become Na depleted and the

Clues to NaCN formation

Science.gov (United States)

Quintana-Lacaci, G.; Cernicharo, J.; Velilla Prieto, L.; Agúndez, M.; Castro-Carrizo, A.; Fonfría, J. P.; Massalkhi, S.; Pardo, J. R.

2017-11-01

Context. ALMA is providing us essential information on where certain molecules form. Observing where these molecules emission arises from, the physical conditions of the gas, and how this relates with the presence of other species allows us to understand the formation of many species, and to significantly improve our knowledge of the chemistry that occurs in the space. Aims: We studied the molecular distribution of NaCN around IRC +10216, a molecule detected previously, but whose origin is not clear. High angular resolution maps allow us to model the abundance distribution of this molecule and check suggested formation paths. Methods: We modeled the emission of NaCN assuming local thermal equilibrium (LTE) conditions. These profiles were fitted to azimuthal averaged intensity profiles to obtain an abundance distribution of NaCN. Results: We found that the presence of NaCN seems compatible with the presence of CN, probably as a result of the photodissociation of HCN, in the inner layers of the ejecta of IRC +10216. However, similar as for CH3CN, current photochemical models fail to reproduce this CN reservoir. We also found that the abundance peak of NaCN appears at a radius of 3 × 1015 cm, approximately where the abundance of NaCl, suggested to be the parent species, starts to decay. However, the abundance ratio shows that the NaCl abundance is lower than that obtained for NaCN. We expect that the LTE assumption might result in NaCN abundances higher than the real ones. Updated photochemical models, collisional rates, and reaction rates are essential to determine the possible paths of the NaCN formation. Based on observations carried out with ALMA and the IRAM 30 m Telescope. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France

The effect of Na+ and K+ on the thermal denaturation of Na+ and + K+-dependent ATPase.

Science.gov (United States)

Fischer, T H

1983-01-01

To increase our understanding of the physical nature of the Na+ and K+ forms of the Na+ + K+-dependent ATPase, thermal-denaturation studies were conducted in different types of ionic media. Thermal-denaturation measurements were performed by measuring the regeneration of ATPase activity after slow pulse exposure to elevated temperatures. Two types of experiments were performed. First, the dependence of the thermal-denaturation rate on Na+ and K+ concentrations was examined. It was found that both cations stabilized the pump protein. Also, K+ was a more effective stabilizer of the native state than was Na+. Secondly, a set of thermodynamic parameters was obtained by measuring the temperature-dependence of the thermal-denaturation rate under three ionic conditions: 60 mM-K+, 150 mM-Na+ and no Na+ or K+. It was found that ion-mediated stabilization of the pump protein was accompanied by substantial increases in activation enthalpy and entropy, the net effect being a less-pronounced increase in activation free energy. PMID:6309139

Financiranje projekata na pomorskom dobru

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zoran Tasić

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Koncesije otvaraju vrlo osjetljiva politička, ekonomska i pravna pitanja u mnogim državama svijeta. Samo definiranje pojma koncesije često je komplicirana i ne sasvim jasna zadaća. OECD je prihvatila definiciju koncesije kao: ’’davanje prava privatnom trgovačkom društvu da može gospodarski upravljati određenom infrastrukturnim uslugama i za to zarađivati naknadu. Koncesionar dobija u posjed određene objekte (ali vlasništvo na tim objektima ostaje u rukama države te ih koristi u svrhu obavljanja određene djelatnosti ili usluge sukladno odredbama ugovora’’. Hrvatsko pravo definira koncesije načelno kao pravo stečeno temeljem ugovora o koncesiji, a sukladno uvjetima sadržanim u odluci o davanju koncesije (koju je donijelo odgovarajuće upravno tijelo, a u odnosu na pomorsko dobro, specifično, kao pravo državne vlasti da može dio pomorskog dobra, koje je inače dobro izvan pravnog prometa (res extra commercium, isključiti iz opće uporabe bilo dijelom ili u cijelosti, i dati ga fizičkoj ili pravnoj osobi na gospodarsko korištenje sukladno određenim prostornim planovima. Građevine i drugi objekti izgrađeni na pomorskom dobru čine njegov sastavni dio. Zakonom je jasno određeno da nikakva stvarna prava nisu dopuštena na pomorskom dobru, uključivo i na objektima izgrađenima na njemu. Projekti na pomorskom dobru često uključuju velike infrastrukturne projekte, razvoje luka i marina, koji iziskuju značajna financijska sredstva. Banke koje financiraju takve projekte zahtijevaju organiziran i transparentan zakonski okvir koncesija, slobodu ugovaranja, pravnu zaštitu svih strana uključenih u projekt (uključivo i mogućnost međunarodne arbitraže. (...

Controlled phase stability of highly Na-active triclinic structure in nanoscale high-voltage Na2-2xCo1+xP2O7 cathode for Na-ion batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Song, Hee Jo; Kim, Jae-Chan; Dar, Mushtaq Ahmad; Kim, Dong-Wan

2018-02-01

With the increasing demand for high energy density in energy-storage systems, a high-voltage cathode is essential in rechargeable Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. The operating voltage of a triclinic-polymorph Na2CoP2O7, also known as the rose form, is above 4.0 V (vs. Na/Na+), which is relatively high compared to that of other cathode materials. Thus, it can be employed as a potential high-voltage cathode material in Na-ion batteries. However, it is difficult to synthesize a pure rose phase because of its low phase stability, thus limiting its use in high-voltage applications. Herein, compositional-engineered, rose-phase Na2-2xCo1+xP2O7/C (x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2) nanopowder are prepared using a wet-chemical method. The Na2-2xCo1+xP2O7/C cathode shows high electrochemical reactivity with Na ions at 4.0 V, delivering high capacity and high energy density.

Optimization of NaOH Molarity, LUSI Mud/Alkaline Activator, and Na2SiO3/NaOH Ratio to Produce Lightweight Aggregate-Based Geopolymer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafiza Abdul Razak

2015-05-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the mechanical function and characterization of an artificial lightweight geopolymer aggregate (ALGA using LUSI (Sidoarjo mud and alkaline activator as source materials. LUSI stands for LU-Lumpur and SI-Sidoarjo, meaning mud from Sidoarjo which erupted near the Banjarpanji-1 exploration well in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia on 27 May 2006. The effect of NaOH molarity, LUSI mud/Alkaline activator (LM/AA ratio, and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio to the ALGA are investigated at a sintering temperature of 950 °C. The results show that the optimum NaOH molarity found in this study is 12 M due to the highest strength (lowest AIV value of 15.79% with lower water absorption and specific gravity. The optimum LUSI mud/Alkaline activator (LM/AA ratio of 1.7 and the Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 0.4 gives the highest strength with AIV value of 15.42% with specific gravity of 1.10 g/cm3 and water absorption of 4.7%. The major synthesized crystalline phases were identified as sodalite, quartz and albite. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM image showed more complete geopolymer matrix which contributes to highest strength of ALGA produced.

Optimization of NaOH Molarity, LUSI Mud/Alkaline Activator, and Na2SiO3/NaOH Ratio to Produce Lightweight Aggregate-Based Geopolymer

Science.gov (United States)

Abdul Razak, Rafiza; Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri; Hussin, Kamarudin; Ismail, Khairul Nizar; Hardjito, Djwantoro; Yahya, Zarina

2015-01-01

This paper presents the mechanical function and characterization of an artificial lightweight geopolymer aggregate (ALGA) using LUSI (Sidoarjo mud) and alkaline activator as source materials. LUSI stands for LU-Lumpur and SI-Sidoarjo, meaning mud from Sidoarjo which erupted near the Banjarpanji-1 exploration well in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia on 27 May 2006. The effect of NaOH molarity, LUSI mud/Alkaline activator (LM/AA) ratio, and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio to the ALGA are investigated at a sintering temperature of 950 °C. The results show that the optimum NaOH molarity found in this study is 12 M due to the highest strength (lowest AIV value) of 15.79% with lower water absorption and specific gravity. The optimum LUSI mud/Alkaline activator (LM/AA) ratio of 1.7 and the Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 0.4 gives the highest strength with AIV value of 15.42% with specific gravity of 1.10 g/cm3 and water absorption of 4.7%. The major synthesized crystalline phases were identified as sodalite, quartz and albite. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image showed more complete geopolymer matrix which contributes to highest strength of ALGA produced. PMID:26006238

UTJECAJ POZITIVNE DISKRIMINACIJE NA UKLJUČIVANJE ŽENA NA TRŽIŠTE RADA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ

OpenAIRE

Dovranić, Dora; Katavić, Ivica

2016-01-01

U početku 21. stoljeća često se koristi pojam pozitivne (afirmativne) diskriminacije. Pozitivna diskriminacija mjera je koju poduzima vlada, neka organizacija ili korporacija s ciljem da se smanje nejednakosti u društvu nastale upravo diskriminacijom, na način da se pružaju određene povlastice onima koji su pretrpjeli neku vrstu diskriminacije. Nastala je u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama na inicijativu predsjednika Kennedyja, Johnsona i Nixona. Diskriminacija, nažalost, ima mnogo oblika, a ne...

Inconsciente coletivo no conhecimento de contabilidade de custos: uma abordagem a partir da Psicologia Analítica de Jung e os métodos de custeio variável e por absorção

OpenAIRE

Thiago Bruno de Jesus Silva; Luis Antonio Lay; Edgar Pamplona; Vinícius Costa da Silva Zonatto

2015-01-01

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o inconsciente de diferentes grupos de alunos quanto a aceitação dos métodos de custeio variável e por absorção, fundamentando-se na teoria de psicologia analítica desenvolvida por Jung (1936) sobre arquétipos e inconsciente coletivo. A pesquisa foi realizada com discentes de Ciências Contábeis de uma universidade baiana e outra catarinense em uma amostra de 150 respondentes. Utilizou-se os procedimentos estatísticos do teste de comparação de médias e análise...

Reaction of metal oxides with molten mixtures NaPO3+NaCl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovarskaya, E.N.; Mityakhina, V.S.; Rodionov, Yu.I.; Silin, M.Yu.

1988-01-01

By methods of solubility determination and paper chromatography it is shown, that Fe 2 O 3 solution in NaPO 3 +NaCl melts in the air relizes due to its chemical interaction with solvent resulting in formation of iron and sodium binary di- and monophosphates depending on melt-solvent initial composition, its attainment of equilibrium state and experiment temperature. It is established, that oxides increased solubility in melts with NaCl initial content ∼30 mol.% is specified by sodium tri- and tricyclophosphates presence in the melts. On this basis of NGR-spectroscopy data the presence of iron, europium, tin and sodium binary di- and monophosphates in some chloride-polyphosphate melts is confirmed

Crystal structure of polyphosphates NaCd(PO3)3 and NaMn(PO3)3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murashova, E.V.; Chudinova, N.N.

1997-01-01

Crystal structure of NaCd(PO 3 ) 3 (1) and NaMn(PO 3 ) 3 (2) isostructural polyphosphates was determined for twin samples. Rhombic lattice parameters of (1): a = 14.678, b = 14.669, c = 14.705 A, sp. gr. P2 1 2 1 2 1 , Z = 16. The structure of compounds is of frame type. Polyphosphate chain with repetition period of 24 PO 4 tetrahedrons contacts with NaO 6 and M 2 O 6 octahedrons by means of common oxygen vertices. Similarities and differences in structure of mentioned polyphosphates and earlier analyzed NaMg(PO 3 ) 3 polyphosphate are noted [ru

George Martin Baer, DVM, MPH, 1936-2009. The father of oral rabies vaccination

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paul E. Grunenwald, DVM, MSc

2009-09-01

Full Text Available George Martin Baer, known for his development of the oral rabies vaccine instrumental in rabies control in Europe, died on 2 June 2009 at the age of 73 in Mexico City, Mexico. He was born on 12 January 1936 in London, England, to German immigrants who had fled Nazi Germany. His family emigrated to the United States in 1940 where he grew up in New Rochelle, New York.George had a love of animals, particularly horses, which may have influenced his career path. He earned an undergraduate degree in agricultural sciences in 1954 from Cornell University followed by a degree in veterinary medicine in 1959. He then went on to earn a master’s degree in public health in 1960 from the University of Michigan. During some time in Mexico, George met and fell in love with his wife, Maria Olga Lara. Thanks to James H. Steele, his long-time friend and mentor, he started his public health career with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC and was assigned to the New York State Health Department where he learned epidemiology and virology. He went on to work on bat rabies at the CDC’s Southwest Rabies Investigations Laboratory in New Mexico. From 1966 to 1969, he worked with the National Institute for Livestock Research (Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Pecuarias: INIP in Mexico and helped develop the Plan Derriengue to control paralytic bovine rabies which became the early work in the development of Mexico’s rabies control programmes. He returned to Atlanta in 1969 to direct the CDC Rabies Laboratory. There, he led a team of researchers in developing an oral rabies vaccine for wildlife, earning him the title ‘The Father of Oral Rabies Vaccination’. His text, The Natural History of Rabies, first published in 1975 and again in 1991, continues to be a definitive international reference for rabies control.After his retirement, George returned to Mexico and continued his research and training, working to develop not only public health programmes, but new

Effect of growth in lithium on ouabain binding, Na-K-ATPase and Na and K transport in hela cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Boardman, L J; Hume, S P; Lamb, J F; Polson, J

1975-01-01

1. HeLa cells were grown for 24 hr in growth medium in which part of the Na was replaced with Li. Ion contents, cell volumes and numbers, Na-K-ATPase and specific ouabain binding were measured. In some experiments the Na efflux and net Na transport was also measured. 2. Growth in Li caused a rise in the specific ouabain binding and membrane Na-K-ATPase of these cells. The Li concentrations in the cells necessary to produce this effect ranged up to 50 mM. 3. It is suggested that Li, like Na, acts on the genetic material of the cells to cause the production of more Na pumps within the membrane. PMID:124350

Effects of EDTA-Na (Na ethylenediaminetetraacetate) upon the metabolism of radiostrontium and radioyttrium in mice

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kikuchi, T; Wakisaka, G; Kono, T; Hiroaki, A; Yamamasu, T; Sugawa, I

1954-01-01

The toxicity of EDTA-Na, inert Sr (NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/ and Ba (NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/ has been examined. Simultaneous injection of EDTA-Na showed no significant effect upon the distribution of radio-Sr in the bones of mice. The distribution of radio-Y in the bones of mice tended to decrease following the simultaneous subcutaneous injection of /sup 91/Y and EDTA-Na.

'Irish & Roman Catholic Which Upsets All the People Here': Michael McDonnell and British Colonial Justice in Mandatory Palestine, 1927-1936.

Science.gov (United States)

Davis, Simon

2017-10-23

In 1927 Michael McDonnell, a diasporic Irish Catholic, was appointed Mandatory Palestine's Chief Justice, being directed to institute firm British-style legal-judicial foundations for future self-governance. This entailed common, equal status for Arab and Jewish Palestinians, implicitly de-privileging the Jewish National Home. McDonnell was resisted in this by the British Mandate's Anglo-Jewish, pro-Zionist Attorney General, Norman Bentwich. McDonnell prevailed but only at the cost of being characterized lastingly as a pro-Arab, Catholic anti-Semite. McDonnell's continuing defence of a supreme, independent judiciary antagonized the Palestine Executive of High Commissioner Arthur Wauchope, who tried to co-opt rather than subordinate Zionist interests. Consequent frictions culminated in 1936 with McDonnell adjudicating against supra-legal British repression of Palestine's great Arab rebellion. For this he was dismissed and ostracized, subsequently publishing critiques of British policy in fringe right-wing organs. Yet McDonnell professed explicitly non-racist views, reflecting a liberal-minded, constitutional Irish nationalist equation of Palestine with Ireland, seeing comparable settler-colonial abuses and native distress as remediable only by transcendentally impartial justice. Britain reneging on these principles led McDonnell, like those Irish imperial servants noted in India, to identify with colonial subjects against colonialism. His case is one of empire as a system of domination being challenged from within, although his removal foreshadowed emerging imperial counter-insurgency's tendency not only to repress subject populations but deny civil-progressive alternatives for managing post-colonial transition. © The Author [2017]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Novel aspects of Na+,K+-ATPase

OpenAIRE

Aizman, Oleg

2002-01-01

Na,K-ATPase, an integral membrane protein expressed in each eukaryotic cell, serves as the major determinant of intracellular ion composition. In the current study we investigated novel aspects of Na,K-ATPase function and regulation. It is well established that Na,K-ATPase activity is regulated by reversible phosphorylation. New findings in this study are: 1) the level of intracellular Ca 2. concentration determines the functional effects of PKA and PKC-mediated Na,K-ATP...

High-Performance Na-O2 Batteries Enabled by Oriented NaO2 Nanowires as Discharge Products.

Science.gov (United States)

Khajehbashi, S Mohammad B; Xu, Lin; Zhang, Guobin; Tan, Shuangshuang; Zhao, Yan; Wang, Lai-Sen; Li, Jiantao; Luo, Wen; Peng, Dong-Liang; Mai, Liqiang

2018-06-13

Na-O 2 batteries are emerging rechargeable batteries due to their high theoretical energy density and abundant resources, but they suffer from sluggish kinetics due to the formation of large-size discharge products with cubic or irregular particle shapes. Here, we report the unique growth of discharge products of NaO 2 nanowires inside Na-O 2 batteries that significantly boosts the performance of Na-O 2 batteries. For this purpose, a high-spin Co 3 O 4 electrocatalyst was synthesized via the high-temperature oxidation of pure cobalt nanoparticles in an external magnetic field. The discharge products of NaO 2 nanowires are 10-20 nm in diameter and ∼10 μm in length, characteristics that provide facile pathways for electron and ion transfer. With these nanowires, Na-O 2 batteries have surpassed 400 cycles with a fixed capacity of 1000 mA h g -1 , an ultra-low over-potential of ∼60 mV during charging, and near-zero over-potential during discharging. This strategy not only provides a unique way to control the morphology of discharge products to achieve high-performance Na-O 2 batteries but also opens up the opportunity to explore growing nanowires in novel conditions.

Les Arméniens, les Grecs et les Juifs originaires de Grèce et de Turquie, à Paris de 1920 à 1936

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michel Garin

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Les points communs et différences des stratégies d’intégration des Arméniens, Grecs et Juifs, originaires de Grèce et de Turquie, à Paris, 1920-36.Cet article est un résumé du livre « Les Arméniens les Grecs et les Juifs originaires de Grèce et de Turquie, à Paris entre 1920 et 1936 » paru aux éditions Isis en décembre 2010. Cinq groupes d’immigrés ont été définis en croisant l’origine communautaire et géographique : les Arméniens de Turquie, les Grecs de Grèce, les Grecs de Turquie, les Juifs de Grèce et les Juifs de Turquie. L’article analyse d’abord les causes politiques et économiques de cette immigration hétérogène, en précise les flux et l’implantation à Paris, puis il décrit le processus communautaire d’intégration de ces immigrés dans la société française. Il montre ensuite que la politique d’immigration des autorités françaises et la crise économique limitent l’accès de ces immigrés à l’emploi salarié. L’activité indépendante se développe au sein de cette immigration comme une stratégie alternative d’intégration professionnelle. Il existe de nombreux points communs à l’activité indépendante dans les différents groupes, notamment l’augmentation continue du taux d’indépendance professionnelle pendant la période ainsi que la similitude des moteurs et le processus de développement de l’activité indépendante. Mais il y aussi des différences sensibles entre les groupes quant au taux d’indépendance ou d’activité salariée et les activités professionnelles.This paper gives the main lines of the book “Armenians, Greeks and Jews born in Greece and Turkey and living in Paris, 1920-1936”, published in December 2010 by the Isis editions. According to the cultural and geographical origin, five immigrant groups were distinguished: Armenians from Turkey, Greeks from Greece and Greeks from Turkey, Jews from Greece and Jews from Turkey. The paper deals

Insight to the Thermal Decomposition and Hydrogen Desorption Behaviors of NaNH2-NaBH4 Hydrogen Storage Composite.

Science.gov (United States)

Pei, Ziwei; Bai, Ying; Wang, Yue; Wu, Feng; Wu, Chuan

2017-09-20

The lightweight compound material NaNH 2 -NaBH 4 is regarded as a promising hydrogen storage composite due to the high hydrogen density. Mechanical ball milling was employed to synthesize the composite NaNH 2 -NaBH 4 (2/1 molar ratio), and the samples were investigated utilizing thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis-mass spectroscopy (TG-DTA-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The full-spectrum test (range of the ratio of mass to charge: 0-200) shows that the released gaseous species contain H 2 , NH 3 , B 2 H 6 , and N 2 in the heating process from room temperature to 400 °C, and possibly the impurity gas B 6 H 12 also exists. The TG/DTA analyses show that the composite NaNH 2 -NaBH 4 (2/1 molar ratio) is conductive to generate hydrogen so that the dehydrogenation process can be finished before 400 °C. Moreover, the thermal decomposition process from 200 to 400 °C involves two-step dehydrogenation reactions: (1) Na 3 (NH 2 ) 2 BH 4 hydride decomposes into Na 3 BN 2 and H 2 (200-350 °C); (2) remaining Na 3 (NH 2 ) 2 BH 4 reacts with NaBH 4 and Na 3 BN 2 , generating Na, BN, NH 3 , N 2 , and H 2 (350-400 °C). The better mechanism understanding of the thermal decomposition pathway lays a foundation for tailoring the hydrogen storage performance of the composite complex hydrides system.

Distinct pH dependencies of Na+/K+ selectivity at the two faces of Na,K-ATPase.

Science.gov (United States)

Cornelius, Flemming; Tsunekawa, Naoki; Toyoshima, Chikashi

2018-02-09

The sodium pump (Na,K-ATPase) in animal cells is vital for actively maintaining ATP hydrolysis-powered Na + and K + electrochemical gradients across the cell membrane. These ion gradients drive co- and countertransport and are critical for establishing the membrane potential. It has been an enigma how Na,K-ATPase discriminates between Na + and K + , despite the pumped ion on each side being at a lower concentration than the other ion. Recent crystal structures of analogs of the intermediate conformations E2·Pi·2K + and Na + -bound E1∼P·ADP suggest that the dimensions of the respective binding sites in Na,K-ATPase are crucial in determining its selectivity. Here, we found that the selectivity at each membrane face is pH-dependent and that this dependence is unique for each face. Most notable was a strong increase in the specific affinity for K + at the extracellular face ( i.e. E2 conformation) as the pH is lowered from 7.5 to 5. We also observed a smaller increase in affinity for K + on the cytoplasmic side (E1 conformation), which reduced the selectivity for Na + Theoretical analysis of the p K a values of ion-coordinating acidic amino acid residues suggested that the face-specific pH dependences and Na + /K + selectivities may arise from the protonation or ionization of key residues. The increase in K + selectivity at low pH on the cytoplasmic face, for instance, appeared to be associated with Asp 808 protonation. We conclude that changes in the ionization state of coordinating residues in Na,K-ATPase could contribute to altering face-specific ion selectivity. © 2018 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

OGLAŠEVANJE NA FACEBOOKU

OpenAIRE

Renko, Katica

2013-01-01

V magistrskem delu smo se seznanili z oglaševanjem na Facebooku. S pregledom gradiva, ki nam je ponujeno, smo preverili pogoje, načine, oblike … oglaševanja, ki pa smo jih s pregledom situacije v praksi preverili in dopolnili. Ob zaključku dela lahko rečemo, da je oglaševanje preko FB enostavnejše, cenejše, dostopnejše, omogoča nam ažurnost in samo komunikacijo z naslovniki, ki so potencialni kupci naših ponudb. Množični mediji nam omogočajo mnogotero obliko oglaševanja. Izbrana oblika ponuja...

Laser-induced ionization of Na vapor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, R.C.Y.; Judge, D.L.; Roussel, F.; Carre, B.; Breger, P.; Spiess, G.

1982-01-01

The production of Na 2 + ions by off-resonant laser excitation in the 5800-6200A region mainly results from two-photon absorption by the Na 2 molecule to highly excited gerade states followed by (a) direct ionization by absorbing a third photon or (b) coupling to the molecular Na 2 D 1 PIμ Rydberg state which is subsequently ionized by absorbing a third photon. This mechanism, i.e., a two-photon resonance three photon ionization process, explains a recent experimental observation of Roussel et al. It is suggested that the very same mechanism is also responsible for a similar observation reported by Polak-Dingels et al in their work using two crossed Na beams. In the latter two studies the laser-induced associative ionization processes were reported to be responsible for producing the Na 2 + ion. From the ratio of molecular to atomic concentration in the crossed beam experiment of Polak-Dingels et al we estimate that the cross section for producing Na 2 + through laser-induced associative ionization is at least four orders of magnitude smaller than ionization through the two-photon resonance three photon ionization process in Na 2 molecules

Characterization and antibacterial activity of silver exchanged regenerated NaY zeolite from surfactant-modified NaY zeolite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Salim, Mashitah Mad; Malek, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik, E-mail: niknizam@fbb.utm.my

2016-02-01

The antibacterial activity of regenerated NaY zeolite (thermal treatment from cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified NaY zeolite and pretreatment with Na ions) loaded with silver ions were examined using the broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 6538). X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and chemical elemental analyses were used to characterize the regenerated NaY and AgY zeolites. The XRD patterns indicated that the calcination and addition of silver ions on regenerated NaY zeolite did not affect the structure of the regenerated NaY zeolite as the characteristic peaks of the NaY zeolite were retained, and no new peaks were observed. The regenerated AgY zeolite showed good antibacterial activity against both bacteria strains in distilled water, and the antibacterial activity of the samples increased with increasing Ag loaded on the regenerated AgY zeolite; the regenerated AgY zeolite was more effective against E. coli than S. aureus. However, the antibacterial activity of the regenerated AgY was not effective in saline solution for both bacteria. The study showed that CTAB-modified NaY zeolite materials could be regenerated to NaY zeolite using thermal treatment (550 °C, 5 h) and this material has excellent performance as an antibacterial agent after silver ions loading. - Highlights: • Thermal treatment was used to regenerate surfactant modified zeolite. • The regenerated NaY zeolite formed was added with different silver loadings. • Regenerated AgY zeolite was tested for antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus. • The antibacterial activity increased with increased of the amount of silver loadings. • The zeolite structure did not change with thermal and modification

Characterization and antibacterial activity of silver exchanged regenerated NaY zeolite from surfactant-modified NaY zeolite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salim, Mashitah Mad; Malek, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik

2016-01-01

The antibacterial activity of regenerated NaY zeolite (thermal treatment from cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified NaY zeolite and pretreatment with Na ions) loaded with silver ions were examined using the broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 6538). X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and chemical elemental analyses were used to characterize the regenerated NaY and AgY zeolites. The XRD patterns indicated that the calcination and addition of silver ions on regenerated NaY zeolite did not affect the structure of the regenerated NaY zeolite as the characteristic peaks of the NaY zeolite were retained, and no new peaks were observed. The regenerated AgY zeolite showed good antibacterial activity against both bacteria strains in distilled water, and the antibacterial activity of the samples increased with increasing Ag loaded on the regenerated AgY zeolite; the regenerated AgY zeolite was more effective against E. coli than S. aureus. However, the antibacterial activity of the regenerated AgY was not effective in saline solution for both bacteria. The study showed that CTAB-modified NaY zeolite materials could be regenerated to NaY zeolite using thermal treatment (550 °C, 5 h) and this material has excellent performance as an antibacterial agent after silver ions loading. - Highlights: • Thermal treatment was used to regenerate surfactant modified zeolite. • The regenerated NaY zeolite formed was added with different silver loadings. • Regenerated AgY zeolite was tested for antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus. • The antibacterial activity increased with increased of the amount of silver loadings. • The zeolite structure did not change with thermal and modification

Carbon dioxide sequestration using NaHSO4 and NaOH: A dissolution and carbonation optimisation study.

Science.gov (United States)

Sanna, Aimaro; Steel, Luc; Maroto-Valer, M Mercedes

2017-03-15

The use of NaHSO 4 to leach out Mg fromlizardite-rich serpentinite (in form of MgSO 4 ) and the carbonation of CO 2 (captured in form of Na 2 CO 3 using NaOH) to form MgCO 3 and Na 2 SO 4 was investigated. Unlike ammonium sulphate, sodium sulphate can be separated via precipitation during the recycling step avoiding energy intensive evaporation process required in NH 4 -based processes. To determine the effectiveness of the NaHSO 4 /NaOH process when applied to lizardite, the optimisation of the dissolution and carbonation steps were performed using a UK lizardite-rich serpentine. Temperature, solid/liquid ratio, particle size, concentration and molar ratio were evaluated. An optimal dissolution efficiency of 69.6% was achieved over 3 h at 100 °C using 1.4 M sodium bisulphate and 50 g/l serpentine with particle size 75-150 μm. An optimal carbonation efficiency of 95.4% was achieved over 30 min at 90 °C and 1:1 magnesium:sodium carbonate molar ratio using non-synthesised solution. The CO 2 sequestration capacity was 223.6 g carbon dioxide/kg serpentine (66.4% in terms of Mg bonded to hydromagnesite), which is comparable with those obtained using ammonium based processes. Therefore, lizardite-rich serpentinites represent a valuable resource for the NaHSO 4 /NaOH based pH swing mineralisation process. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characterization and antibacterial activity of silver exchanged regenerated NaY zeolite from surfactant-modified NaY zeolite.

Science.gov (United States)

Salim, Mashitah Mad; Malek, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik

2016-02-01

The antibacterial activity of regenerated NaY zeolite (thermal treatment from cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified NaY zeolite and pretreatment with Na ions) loaded with silver ions were examined using the broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 6538). X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and chemical elemental analyses were used to characterize the regenerated NaY and AgY zeolites. The XRD patterns indicated that the calcination and addition of silver ions on regenerated NaY zeolite did not affect the structure of the regenerated NaY zeolite as the characteristic peaks of the NaY zeolite were retained, and no new peaks were observed. The regenerated AgY zeolite showed good antibacterial activity against both bacteria strains in distilled water, and the antibacterial activity of the samples increased with increasing Ag loaded on the regenerated AgY zeolite; the regenerated AgY zeolite was more effective against E. coli than S. aureus. However, the antibacterial activity of the regenerated AgY was not effective in saline solution for both bacteria. The study showed that CTAB-modified NaY zeolite materials could be regenerated to NaY zeolite using thermal treatment (550°C, 5h) and this material has excellent performance as an antibacterial agent after silver ions loading. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Composition and thermochemistry of the equilibrium vapour of the systems NaI-FeI2 and NaI-PbI2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hilpert, K.; Gerads, H.; Koberts, D.; Miller, M.

1987-01-01

The vaporization of NaI/FeI 2 and NaI/PbI 2 samples of equimolar composition was investigated was investigated in the temperature ranges between 574 to 683 K and 562 to 669 K, respectively, by using the mass spectrometric Knudsen effusion method. The gaseous species I, I 2 , NaI, (NaI) 2 , FeI 2 , (FeI 2 ) 2 , FeI 3 , NaFeI 3 , and Na 2 FeI 4 (NaI-FeI 2 system) as well as NaI, (NaI) 2 , PbI 2 , (PbI 2 ) 2 , and NaPbI 3 (NaI-PbI 2 system) are present in the equilibrium vapours. The equilibrium partial pressures of these species were determined with the exception of I, I 2 , and FeI 3 . Enthalpies and entropies of dissociation resulted for the reactions NaFeI 3 (g) ↔ NaI(g)+FeI 2 (g) (1), Na 2 FeI 4 (g) ↔ 2NaI(g)+FeI 2 (g) and (2) NaPbI 3 (g) ↔ NaI(g)+PbI 2 (g) (3) as Δ d H 298 0 (Eq. (1)) = 184±5 kJ mol -1 , Δ d S 298 0 (Eq. (1)) = 143±8 J mol -1 K -1 ; Δ d H 298 0 (Eq. (2)) = 333±9 kJ mol -1 , Δ d S 298 0 (Eq. (2)) = 274±14 J mol -1 K -1 ; and Δ d H 298 0 (Eq. (3)) = 168±5 kJ mol -1 , Δ d S 298 0 (Eq. (3)) = 151±9 J mol -1 K -1 . Equilibrium constants for these reactions are additionally given. The pressures of NaFeI 3 (g) and NaPbI 3 (g) as all as their enthalpies of dissociation are discussed with respect to their significance of semi empirical rules. (orig.)

Adsorption and Formation of Small Na Clusters on Pristine and Double-Vacancy Graphene for Anodes of Na-Ion Batteries.

Science.gov (United States)

Liang, Zhicong; Fan, Xiaofeng; Zheng, Weitao; Singh, David J

2017-05-24

Layered carbon is a likely anode material for Na-ion batteries (NIBs). Graphitic carbon has a low capacity of approximately 35 (mA h)/g due to the formation of NaC 64 . Using first-principles methods including van der Waals interactions, we analyze the adsorption of Na ions and clusters on graphene in the context of anodes. The interaction between Na ions and graphene is found to be weak. Small Na clusters are not stable on the surface of pristine graphene in the electrochemical environment of NIBs. However, we find that Na ions and clusters can be stored effectively on defected graphene that has double vacancies. In addition, the adsorption energy of small Na clusters near a double vacancy is found to decrease with increasing cluster size. With high concentrations of vacancies the capacity of Na on defective graphene is found to be as much as 10-30 times higher than that of graphitic carbon.

Historical and Future Black Carbon Deposition on the Three Ice Caps: Ice Core Measurements and Model Simulations from 1850 to 2100

Science.gov (United States)

Bauer, Susanne E.; Bausch, Alexandra; Nazarenko, Larissa; Tsigaridis, Kostas; Xu, Baiqing; Edwards. Ross; Bisiaux, Marion; McConnell, Joe

2013-01-01

Ice core measurements in conjunction with climate model simulations are of tremendous value when examining anthropogenic and natural aerosol loads and their role in past and future climates. Refractory black carbon (BC) records from the Arctic, the Antarctic, and the Himalayas are analyzed using three transient climate simulations performed with the Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE. Simulations differ in aerosol schemes (bulk aerosols vs. aerosol microphysics) and ocean couplings (fully coupled vs. prescribed ocean). Regional analyses for past (1850-2005) and future (2005-2100) carbonaceous aerosol simulations focus on the Antarctic, Greenland, and the Himalayas. Measurements from locations in the Antarctic show clean conditions with no detectable trend over the past 150 years. Historical atmospheric deposition of BC and sulfur in Greenland shows strong trends and is primarily influenced by emissions from early twentieth century agricultural and domestic practices. Models fail to reproduce observations of a sharp eightfold BC increase in Greenland at the beginning of the twentieth century that could be due to the only threefold increase in the North American emission inventory. BC deposition in Greenland is about 10 times greater than in Antarctica and 10 times less than in Tibet. The Himalayas show the most complicated transport patterns, due to the complex terrain and dynamical regimes of this region. Projections of future climate based on the four CMIP5 Representative Concentration Pathways indicate further dramatic advances of pollution to the Tibetan Plateau along with decreasing BC deposition fluxes in Greenland and the Antarctic.

Novel regulation of cardiac Na pump via phospholemman.

Science.gov (United States)

Pavlovic, Davor; Fuller, William; Shattock, Michael J

2013-08-01

As the only quantitatively significant Na efflux pathway from cardiac cells, the Na/K ATPase (Na pump) is the primary regulator of intracellular Na. The transmembrane Na gradient it establishes is essential for normal electrical excitability, numerous coupled-transport processes and, as the driving force for Na/Ca exchange, thus setting cardiac Ca load and contractility. As Na influx varies with electrical excitation, heart rate and pathology, the dynamic regulation of Na efflux is essential. It is now widely recognized that phospholemman, a 72 amino acid accessory protein which forms part of the Na pump complex, is the key nexus linking cellular signaling to pump regulation. Phospholemman is the target of a variety of post-translational modifications (including phosphorylation, palmitoylation and glutathionation) and these can dynamically alter the activity of the Na pump. This review summarizes our current understanding of the multiple regulatory mechanisms that converge on phospholemman and govern NA pump activity in the heart. The corrected Fig. 4 is reproduced below. The publisher would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused. [corrected]. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

All new for NA62

CERN Multimedia

Antonella Del Rosso

2012-01-01

This week sees the start of the first run of the new NA62 experiment. This will be a unique opportunity for the collaboration to test its new beam, new detectors and new data acquisition system before the physics run in 2014. Speaking to the Bulletin, the NA62 technical coordinator Ferdinand Hahn shares the many challenges that the various teams faced to be on time for beam. Ready, steady, start!   A Large Angle Veto detector (white) in place in the NA62 decay volume (blue). With components from almost all the detectors in place downstream of the decay point of the mother particles – the kaons – and of the KTAG detector that tags the kaons before they decay, NA62 is ready for its first technical run. This unique run will test all the equipment as well as the trigger and the data acquisition systems. “This year, we will have about five weeks of beam from the SPS before the long shutdown of all the CERN machines,” says Ferdinand Hahn, NA62 Technical Co-...

Effect of chloride substitution on the order–disorder transition in NaBH4 and Na11BD4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Olsen, Jørn Eirik; Karen, Pavel; Sørby, Magnus H.; Hauback, Bjørn C.

2014-01-01

Graphical abstract: Interactions that order the BD 4 - tetrahedra below the order–disorder transition became increasingly frustrated by the solute in the Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x solid solutions, and the order disappears at x = 0.158. Highlights: • The order–disorder transition temperature for Na(BH 4 ) 1−x Cl x and Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x is highly dependent on the Cl-content, x. • The transition is characterized by DSC for Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x for x = 0, 0.10 and 0.15. • No transition is observed for x ⩾ 0.20 on cooling to 8 K. • The crystal structures are reported for Na 11 BD 4 at room temperature and 8 K and Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x (x = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25) at 8 K from powder neutron diffraction. -- Abstract: Phase transition associated with anion disordering over two orientations in Na 11 BD 4 (NaBH 4 ) and its solid solutions with NaCl, Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x , is investigated with powder diffraction (neutron and synchrotron radiation), differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. Upon heating, the transition temperature extrapolated to zero rate of heating is 192.2 K for Na 11 BD 4 , ΔS = 4.41 J/mol K, hysteresis 1.7 K and the volume increase 0.43%. Thermal parameters of the transition in Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x follow a colligative-property model of an ideal solution, with x = 0.158(1) as the critical concentration at which the ordering interactions and the transition itself are eliminated. On approaching this limit, the tetragonal distortion of the ordered structure decreases somewhat towards the cubic average, and this is associated with a partial disorder of the tetrahedral anions seen by diffraction methods. In fact, a 3% disorder is already present in the pure solvent of the solid solution (Na 11 BD 4 ) at 8 K

Neutron diffraction studies of the Na-ion battery electrode materials NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yahia, H. Ben [Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825 Doha (Qatar); Essehli, R., E-mail: ressehli@qf.org.qa [Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825 Doha (Qatar); Avdeev, M. [Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights NSW 2234 (Australia); Park, J-B.; Sun, Y-K. [Department of Energy Engineering Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791 (Korea, Republic of); Al-Maadeed, M.A. [Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, 2713 Doha (Qatar); Belharouak, I., E-mail: ibelharouak@qf.org.qa [Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825 Doha (Qatar)

2016-06-15

The new compounds NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} were synthesized by sol-gel method and their crystal structures were determined by using neutron powder diffraction data. These compounds were characterized by galvanometric cycling and cyclic voltammetry. NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} crystallize with a stuffed α-CrPO{sub 4}-type structure. The structure consists of a 3D-framework made of octahedra and tetrahedra that are sharing corners and/or edges generating channels along [100] and [010], in which the sodium atoms are located. Of significance, in the structures of NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} a statistical disorder Ni{sup 2+}/Cr{sup 3+} was observed on both the 8g and 4a atomic positions, whereas in NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} the statistical disorder Co{sup 2+}/Cr{sup 3+} was only observed on the 8g atomic position. When tested as negative electrode materials, NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} delivered specific capacities of 352, 385, and 368 mA h g{sup −1}, respectively, which attests to the electrochemical activity of sodium in these compounds. - Highlights: • NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} were synthesized by sol-gel method. • The crystal structures were determined by using neutron powder diffraction data. • The three compounds crystallize with a stuffed α-CrPO{sub 4}-type structure. • The three compounds were tested as anodes in sodium-ion batteries. • Relatively high specific capacities were obtained for these compounds.

Changes of Selected Hematological Parameters and Morning Rest Rate during Ten Days High Altitude Stay and Training

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jiří Suchý

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Changes of Selected Hematological Parameters and Morning Rest Rate during Ten Days High Altitude Stay and Training This article describes the influence of a ten day stay and training in a high altitude area (1850 m ASL on selected blood count parameters and morning resting heart rate. Three tests were performed on a group of young cross country skiers (n = 10, age: 18.7 ± 4.8: two days before, two days after and ten days after the altitude training camp. Two day after the return, significant (p 0.05. The study in a group of young cross country skiers has shown positive effects of a tenday training camp in high altitude on blood count parameters and morning resting heart rate monitored in lowland two and ten days after the return from high altitude. Změny vybraných hematologických parametrů a ranní klidové srdeční frekvence v průběhu desetidenního tréninku a pobytu ve vyšší nadmořské výšce Článek popisuje vliv desetidenního tréninku a pobytu ve vyšší nadmořské výšce (1850 m n. m. na vybrané parametry krevního obrazu a ranní klidové srdeční frekvence. U skupiny mladých běžců na lyžích (n = 10, věk: 18,7 ± 4,8 byly realizovány celkem tři odběry krve: dva dny před soustředěním ve výšce, dva dny a deset dnů po návratu do nížiny. Dva dny po návratu byly signifikantně (p 0,05. Průměrné hodnoty ranní klidové srdeční frekvence byly během soustředění ve výšce vyšší než před odjezdem v nížině (p 0,05. Námi realizovaný výzkum u skupiny mladých běžců na lyžích prokázal pozitivní efekt desetidenního pobytu a tréninku ve vyšší nadmořské výšce (1850 m n. m. na sledované krevní parametry a ranní klidovou srdeční frekvenci v nížině po návratu.

Evaluation of NaX and NaY packed beds for chromium uptake from multicomponent solution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Angélica Simões Dornellas de Barros

2014-04-01

Full Text Available In this paper the removal of chromium from Cr/Ca/Mg/K and Cr/Ca/Mg/K/Na solutions was investigated in NaX and NaY packed beds. The breakthrough curves presented some overshooting phenomena where chromium ions displaced the previous exchanged cations. Length of unused bed, overall mass transfer coefficient, operational ratio and dimensionless variance were obtained. According to such mass transfer parameters it was concluded that the chromium uptake is influenced by the competition and interaction of the entering ions. Such influences were verified through some differences in the dynamic selectivity obtained for each system. NaY seemed to have a higher affinity towards Cr3+ and its sites were more efficiently used in the ion exchange process.

Water transport by the renal Na(+)-dicarboxylate cotransporter

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Meinild, A K; Loo, D D; Pajor, A M

2000-01-01

. This solute-coupled influx of water took place in the absence of, and even against, osmotic gradients. There was a strict stoichiometric relationship between Na(+), substrate, and water transport of 3 Na(+), 1 dicarboxylate, and 176 water molecules/transport cycle. These results indicate that the renal Na......This study investigated the ability of the renal Na(+)-dicarboxylate cotransporter, NaDC-1, to transport water. Rabbit NaDC-1 was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, cotransporter activity was measured as the inward current generated by substrate (citrate or succinate), and water transport...... was monitored by the changes in oocyte volume. In the absence of substrates, oocytes expressing NaDC-1 showed an increase in osmotic water permeability, which was directly correlated with the expression level of NaDC-1. When NaDC-1 was transporting substrates, there was a concomitant increase in oocyte volume...

Pioneering instrumentation aspects of NA60

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

David, Andre

2004-01-01

NA60 is taking data with proton and heavy-ion beams at the CERN SPS. Although building up on previous experiments, the dimuon physics programme of NA60 places very demanding requirements on its new detectors, in terms of radiation tolerance, granularity and read-out electronics speed. We start by comparing dimuon detection strategies in NA60 with those of previous experiments. We then describe the new detectors used in NA60, placing particular emphasis on their technological pioneering aspects as well as on their contributions to the overall physics performance of the experiment

Occlusion of 22Na+ and 86Rb+ in membrane-bound and soluble protomeric alpha beta-units of Na,K-ATPase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vilsen, B.; Andersen, J.P.; Petersen, J.; Jorgensen, P.L.

1987-01-01

In this work, we examined occlusion of 22 Na+ and 86 Rb+ in membranous and detergent-solubilized Na,K-ATPase from outer renal medulla. Optimum conditions for occlusion of 22 Na+ were provided by formation of the phosphorylated complex from the beta,gamma-bidentate complex of chromium (III) with ATP (CrATP). Release of occluded cations occurred at equally slow rates in soluble and membrane-bound Na,K-ATPase. Values of 22 Na+ occlusion as high as 11 nmol/mg of protein were measured, corresponding to 1.8-2.7 mol of Na+/mol of phosphorylated Na,K-ATPase as determined by 32 P incorporation from [gamma- 32 P]CrATP. Maximum capacity for phosphorylation from [gamma- 32 P]CrATP was 6 nmol/mg of protein and equal to capacities for binding of [48V]vanadate and [ 3 H]ouabain. The stoichiometry for occlusion of Rb+ was close to 2 Rb+ ions/phosphorylation site. In an analytical ultracentrifuge, the soluble Na+- or Rb+-occluded complexes showed sedimentation velocities (S20,w = 6.8-7.4) consistent with monomeric alpha beta-units. The data show that soluble monomeric alpha beta-units of Na,K-ATPase can occlude Rb+ or Na+ with the same stoichiometry as the membrane-bound enzyme. The structural basis for occlusion of cations in Na,K-ATPase is suggested to be the formation of a cavity inside a monomeric alpha beta-unit constituting the minimum protein unit required for active Na,K-transport

Transcriptional regulators of Na, K-ATPase subunits

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhiqin eLi

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The Na,K-ATPase classically serves as an ion pump creating an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane that is essential for transepithelial transport, nutrient uptake and membrane potential. In addition, Na,K-ATPase also functions as a receptor, a signal transducer and a cell adhesion molecule. With such diverse roles, it is understandable that the Na,K-ATPase subunits, the catalytic alpha-subunit, the beta-subunit and the FXYD proteins, are controlled extensively during development and to accommodate physiological needs. The spatial and temporal expression of Na,K-ATPase is partially regulated at the transcriptional level. Numerous transcription factors, hormones, growth factors, lipids and extracellular stimuli modulate the transcription of the Na,K-ATPase subunits. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms also contribute to the regulation of Na,K-ATPase expression. With the ever growing knowledge about diseases associated with the malfunction of Na,K-ATPase, this review aims at summarizing the best-characterized transcription regulators that modulate Na,K-ATPase subunit levels. As abnormal expression of Na,K-ATPase subunits have been observed in many carcinoma, we will also discuss transcription factors that are associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a crucial step in the progression of many tumors to malignant disease.

Sepsis does not alter red blood cell glucose metabolism or Na+ concentration: A 2H-, 23Na-NMR study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hotchkiss, R.S.; Song, S.K.; Ling, C.S.; Ackerman, J.J.; Karl, I.E.

1990-01-01

The effects of sepsis on intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) and glucose metabolism were examined in rat red blood cells (RBCs) by using 23Na- and 2H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Sepsis was induced in 15 halothane-anesthetized female Sprague-Dawley rats by using the cecal ligation and perforation technique; 14 control rats underwent cecal manipulation without ligation. The animals were fasted for 36 h, but allowed free access to water. At 36 h postsurgery, RBCs were examined by 23Na-NMR by using dysprosium tripolyphosphate as a chemical shift reagent. Human RBCs from 17 critically ill nonseptic patients and from 7 patients who were diagnosed as septic were also examined for [Na+]i. Five rat RBC specimens had [Na+]i determined by both 23Na-NMR and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). For glucose metabolism studies, RBCs from septic and control rats were suspended in modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing [6,6-2H2]glucose and examined by 2H-NMR. No significant differences in [Na+]i or glucose utilization were found in RBCs from control or septic rats. There were no differences in [Na+]i in the two groups of patients. The [Na+]i determined by NMR spectroscopy agreed closely with measurements using ICP-AES and establish that 100% of the [Na+]i of the RBC is visible by NMR. Glucose measurements determined by 2H-NMR correlated closely (correlation coefficient = 0.93) with enzymatic analysis. These studies showed no evidence that sepsis disturbed RBC membrane function or metabolism

SPOLNO NADLEGOVANJE NA DELOVNEM MESTU

OpenAIRE

Rubič, Gašper

2016-01-01

V diplomskem delu smo v uvodu predstavili problem spolnega nadlegovanja na delovnem mestu in predstavili podjetje TEKSTIL d.d. V nadaljevanju smo z anketo raziskali, ali problem spolnega nadlegovanja na delovnem mestu v obravnavanem podjetju obstaja in če, kako se nanj odziva okolje. V teoretičnem delu smo nadaljevali in predstavili definicijo spolnega nadlegovanja, ki je kakršna koli oblika nezaželenega verbalnega in neverbalnega ali fizičnega ravnanja spolne narave z učinkom ali nameno...

Photodesorption of Na atoms from rough Na surfaces

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Balzer, Frank; Gerlach, R.; Manson, J.R.

1997-01-01

We investigate the desorption of Na atoms from large Na clusters deposited on dielectric surfaces. High-resolution translational energy distributions of the desorbing atoms are determined by three independent methods, two-photon laser-induced fluorescence, as well as single-photon and resonance......-enhanced two-photon ionization techniques. Upon variation of surface temperature and for different substrates (mica vs lithium fluoride) clear non-Maxwellian time-of-flight distributions are observed with a cos θ angular dependence and most probable kinetic energies below that expected of atoms desorbing from...... atoms are scattered by surface vibrations. Recent experiments providing time constants for the decay of the optical excitations in the clusters support this model. The excellent agreement between experiment and theory indicates the importance of both absorption of the laser photons via direct excitation...

Evaluation of {sup 23}Na(n,2n){sup 22}Na reaction cross-sections

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manokhin, V N [Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk (Russian Federation)

1997-06-01

Using available experimental data and (n,2n) excitation function systematics {sup 23}Na(n,2n){sup 22}Na reaction cross-sections were evaluated for energies ranging from the reaction threshold to 20 MeV. (author). 21 refs, 1 fig., 2 tabs.

Formation of hydroxyl groups and exchange with deuterium on NaHX and NaHY zeolites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kubelkova, L.; Novakova, J.

1976-01-01

Deammoniation and dehydroxylation of Na(NH 4 )X and Na(NH 4 )Y zeolites were compared. With the X type, both processes overlapped and proceeded more easily than with the Y type. Both H forms contained structural OH groups and hydroxyls denoted as SiOH, to which the 3740 cm -1 band in the IR spectrum was assigned. In addition, the NaHX zeolite contained OH groups characterized by the 3700 and 3600 cm -1 bands. Certain differences in the behaviour of NaHX and NaHY zeolites during deammoniation and dehydroxylation might be attributed to the presence of ''non-localizable'' H atoms. The active sites for the D 2 -OH exchange were probably formed during dehydroxylation. Hydrogen in SiOH groups was replaced by deuterium in both zeolite types more slowly than H atoms in other OH groups, which influenced the kinetic variations in the gaseous phase. The presence of water in the gaseous phase affected the kinetics and could distort the determination of the number of H atoms bound in the zeolites. (author)

High resolution laser spectroscopy of the D lines of on-line produced 21Na, 22Na, 24Na, 25Na using a new high sensitivity method of detection of optical resonances

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huber, G.; Thibault, G.; Klapisch, R.; Duong, H.T.; Vialle, J.L.; Pinard, I.; Juncar, P.; Jacquinot, P.

1975-01-01

A polyisotopic sodium beam of 21 - 25 Na, produced by spallation of Al, was illuminated by a tunable dye laser. The atomic beam, analyzed by a sixpole magnet is then ionized and detected after a mass spectrometer. The results are the isotope shifts, nuclear magnetic moment and quadrupole moment of 25 Na [fr

OGLAŠEVANJE NA SOCIALNEM OMREŽJU FACEBOOK, NA PRIMERU SPLETICNA.SI

OpenAIRE

Reisman, Nina

2011-01-01

Internet je od svojega razvoja dolgo časa obstajal kot prostor za enostransko komunikacijo. Isto se je dogajalo na televiziji, radiu in časopisih, kjer je javnost sprejemala informacije, ki jih je nekdo pripravil. Tradicionalni mediji so hitro doumeli, da takšna vrsta komunikacije ni naravna in ne predstavlja najboljšega ohranjanja gledalcev in poslušalcev. Začela se je uporabljati dvosmerna komunikacija. Trenutno v svetu najbolje poznan primer dvosmerne komunikacije je socialno omrežje F...

FTIR spectra of the solid solutions (Na0.88K0.12)VO3, (Na0.5K0.5)VO3, and Na(V0.66P0.34)O3

Science.gov (United States)

de Waal, D.; Heyns, A. M.

1992-03-01

It is known that three different solid solutions, (Na0.88K0.12)VO3, (Na0.5K0.5)VO3 and Na(V0.66P0.34)O3, form in the (Na,K)(V,P)O3 system. These compounds all have monoclinic crystal structures similar to the pure alkali metal metavanadates containing small cations, e.g. Li+ and Na+ (Space group C2/c). Metavanadates with large cations like K+, Rb+, C+s and NH+4 form orthorhombic crystals, space group Pbcm. All those are structurally related to the silicate pyroxenes. Na(V0.66P0.34)O3 and (Na0.88K0.12)VO3 have the same modified diopside structure as (alpha) - NaVO3 while (Na0.5K0.5)VO3 adopts the true diopside structure. The infrared spectra of the three solid solutions are reported here in comparison with those of (alpha) -NaVO3 and KVO3. The results are also correlated with those obtained in two independent high pressure Raman studies of NH4VO3 and RbVO3 as the introduction of a larger cation like K+ should increase the pressure in the structure.

Medetomidīna un detomidīna hidrogēnhlorīdu struktūra noteikšana

OpenAIRE

Smuļko, Irina

2012-01-01

Medetomidīna un detomidīna hidrogēnhlorīdu struktūras noteikšana. Smuļko I., zinātniskais vadītājs Dr. ķīm., asoc. prof. Actiņš A. Maģistra darbs, 52 lappuses, 37 attēli, 6 tabulas, 29 literatūras avoti. Latviešu valodā. Maģistra darbā pētītas farmaceitiski aktīvās vielas – medetomidīna un detomidīna hidrogēnhlorīdi. Veikti mēģinājumi detomidīna bezūdens formas un monohidrāta struktūras noteikšanai, kā arī medetomidīna bezūdens formu A un B struktūras noteikšanai. Struktūras noteikšanai iz...

NAKUPOVANJE NA SPLETU

OpenAIRE

Visenjak, Monika

2013-01-01

Nakupovanje na spletu je prihodnost poslovanja. Za podjetja pomeni manjše stroške, lažje prilagajanje tržnim pogojem. Hitreje lahko razvijajo odnose in analizirajo uporabnike, saj jim je dan dostop o nakupnih podatkih uporabnika. Za potrošnike je nakupovanje na spletu možnost hitrega, preprostega in učinkovitega nakupovanja od doma ali pisarne. Pomembno je, da se seznanijo z vsemi informacijami in pogoji spletnih trgovin, saj se lahko le tako izognejo nezadovoljstvu ob nakupu v spletni trgovi...

The Na+ transporter, TaHKT1;5-D, limits shoot Na+ accumulation in bread wheat

KAUST Repository

Byrt, Caitlin Siobhan

2014-10-01

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has a major salt tolerance locus, Kna1, responsible for the maintenance of a high cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio in the leaves of salt stressed plants. The Kna1 locus encompasses a large DNA fragment, the distal 14% of chromosome 4DL. Limited recombination has been observed at this locus making it difficult to map genetically and identify the causal gene. Here, we decipher the function of TaHKT1;5-D, a candidate gene underlying the Kna1 locus. Transport studies using the heterologous expression systems Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that TaHKT1;5-D is a Na+-selective transporter. Transient expression in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll protoplasts and in situ polymerase chain reaction indicated that TaHKT1;5-D is localised on the plasma membrane in the wheat root stele. RNA interference-induced silencing decreased the expression of TaHKT1;5-D in transgenic bread wheat lines which led to an increase in the Na+ concentration in the leaves. This indicates that TaHKT1;5-D retrieves Na+ from the xylem vessels in the root and has an important role in restricting the transport of Na+ from the root to the leaves in bread wheat. Thus, TaHKT1;5-D confers the essential salinity tolerance mechanism in bread wheat associated with the Kna1 locus via shoot Na+ exclusion and is critical in maintaining a high K+/Na+ ratio in the leaves. These findings show there is potential to increase the salinity tolerance of bread wheat by manipulation of HKT1;5 genes.

The Na+ transporter, TaHKT1;5-D, limits shoot Na+ accumulation in bread wheat

KAUST Repository

Byrt, Caitlin Siobhan; Xu, Bo; Krishnan, Mahima; Lightfoot, Damien; Athman, Asmini; Jacobs, Andrew Keith; Watson-Haigh, Nathan S.; Plett, Darren; Munns, Rana; Tester, Mark A.; Gilliham, Matthew

2014-01-01

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has a major salt tolerance locus, Kna1, responsible for the maintenance of a high cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio in the leaves of salt stressed plants. The Kna1 locus encompasses a large DNA fragment, the distal 14% of chromosome 4DL. Limited recombination has been observed at this locus making it difficult to map genetically and identify the causal gene. Here, we decipher the function of TaHKT1;5-D, a candidate gene underlying the Kna1 locus. Transport studies using the heterologous expression systems Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that TaHKT1;5-D is a Na+-selective transporter. Transient expression in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll protoplasts and in situ polymerase chain reaction indicated that TaHKT1;5-D is localised on the plasma membrane in the wheat root stele. RNA interference-induced silencing decreased the expression of TaHKT1;5-D in transgenic bread wheat lines which led to an increase in the Na+ concentration in the leaves. This indicates that TaHKT1;5-D retrieves Na+ from the xylem vessels in the root and has an important role in restricting the transport of Na+ from the root to the leaves in bread wheat. Thus, TaHKT1;5-D confers the essential salinity tolerance mechanism in bread wheat associated with the Kna1 locus via shoot Na+ exclusion and is critical in maintaining a high K+/Na+ ratio in the leaves. These findings show there is potential to increase the salinity tolerance of bread wheat by manipulation of HKT1;5 genes.

Osmotic and ionic effects of NaCl and Na₂SO₄ salinity on Phragmites australis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pagter, Majken; Bragato, Claudia; Malagoli, Mario

2009-01-01

Osmotic and ion-specific effects of NaCl and Na2SO4 on Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex. Steud. were investigated in a laboratory experiment by examining effects of iso-osmotic solutions of NaCl and Na2SO4 on growth, osmolality of cell sap, proline content, elemental composition and gas exchange....... Plants were supplied with a control standard nutrient solution (Ψ = -0.09 MPa) or solutions of NaCl or Na2SO4 at water potentials of -0.50, -1.09 or -1.74 MPa. Salt treatments increased root concentrations of Na and S or Cl, whereas P. australis had efficient mechanisms for exclusion of Na and S...... and partly Cl ions from the leaves. Incomplete exclusion of Cl from the leaves may affect aboveground biomass production, which was significantly more reduced by NaCl than Na2SO4. Stomatal conductance was negatively influenced by decreasing water potentials caused by NaCl or Na2SO4, implying that a non...

Polarization and collision velocity dependence of associative ionization in cold Na (3p)-Na(3p) collisions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meijer, H.A.J.

1990-01-01

We studied the polarization dependence of the associative ionization (AI) process Na(3p) + Na(3p) → Na2+ at collision velocities between 100 and 700 m/s (5 and 200 K), using linearly and circularly polarized light for the excitation. We found that the polarization dependence varies strongly in the

Erythrocyte Na+/K+ ATPase activity measured with sup 23 Na NMR

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ouwerkerk, R.; van Echteld, C.J.; Staal, G.E.; Rijksen, G. (University Hospital, Utrecht (Netherland))

1989-11-01

A {sup 23}Na NMR assay for measurement of erythrocyte Na+/K+ ATPase activity is presented. Using the nonpermeant shift reagent dysprosium tripolyphosphate the signals of intra- and extracellular sodium are separated, enabling measurement of sodium fluxes nondestructively, without the need to physically separate the cells from their environment. By increasing membrane permeability with nystatin we have shown that the assay allows the detection of differences in membrane permeability. With low doses of nystatin the ouabain-sensitive sodium flux increased more than twofold. With high doses of nystatin the Na+/K+ pump could not prevent an almost total equilibration of intra- and extracellular sodium. All sodium that entered the cells remained NMR visible, proving that sodium influx can be measured quantitatively. {sup 31}P NMR spectra taken before and after the assay revealed a slight acidification of the cells and no significant change in ATP concentration. No evidence of Dy3+ entering the cell was observed.

Molecular dynamics investigation of Na+ in Na2Ni2TeO6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sau, Kartik; Kumar, P. Padma

2014-01-01

An inter-atomic potential for Na 2 Ni 2 TeO 6 in the Parrinello- Rahman-Vashishta (PRV) model is parameterized empirically. The potential reproduces variety of structural and transport properties of that material in good agreement with recent experimental results. The study provides fresh insights on the migration channels and mechanism of Na + in the system

Efeito do plasma de oxigênio na dentina previamente exposta ao NaOCl

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maíra do PRADO

Full Text Available Resumo Introdução O tratamento de plasma é uma tecnologia eficaz que pode manter as propriedades internas dos materiais inalteradas após o tratamento, modificando apenas a superfície. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito do plasma de oxigênio na dentina previamente exposta ao NaOCl 6%. Material e método Foram utilizados 60 incisivos bovinos. A coroa foi removida, a raiz foi dividida e as faces planificadas, totalizando 120 segmentos referentes ao terço cervical. As amostras foram divididas em dois grupos: controle (imersa em NaOCl 6%, lavada com água destilada, seca, imersa em EDTA 17%, lavada e seca e plasma de oxigênio (após tratamento descrito no grupo controle, plasma de oxigênio foi aplicado por 30 s. As amostras foram avaliadas qualitativamente em relação à topografia por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, utilizando-se microfotografias com ampliação de 1.000×. O goniômetro Ramé-hart foi utilizado para a mensuração do ângulo de contato entre as superfícies e as seguintes soluções foram utilizadas: água, etilenoglicol e di-iodometano. Em seguida, a energia de superfície, representada pelas componentes polar e dispersiva, foi calculada. Avaliou-se também o escoamento dos cimentos Pulp Canal Sealer EWT (PCS e Real Sal SE (RS na superfície dentinária. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando os testes Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney U (p<0,05. Resultado O tratamento com plasma levou à formação de uma camada semelhante à smear layer na superfície dentinária. Este tratamento levou a um aumento da energia de superfície e da componente polar, favorecendo a hidrofilicidade da superfície. Entretanto, desfavoreceu o escoamento do cimento PCS e não influenciou no escoamento do cimento RS. Conclusão O plasma de oxigênio ocasionou mudanças topográficas na superfície dentinária, favorecendo a hidrofilicidade desta. Contudo, não favoreceu o escoamento dos cimentos endodônticos na dentina.

Phase formation in the systems ZrO2-H2SO4-Na2SO4 (NaCl)-H2O

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sozinova, Yu.P.; Motov, D.L.; Rys'kina, M.P.

1988-01-01

Formation of solid phases in the systems ZrO 2 - H 2 SO 4 - Na 2 SO 4 (NaCl) - H 2 O at 25 and 75 deg C is studied. Three basic Na 2 Zr(OH) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 x (0.2 - 0.4)H 2 O, NaZrOH(SO 4 ) 2 x H 2 O, NaZrO 0.5 (OH) 2 SO 4 x 2H 2 O and three normal sodium sulfatozirconates Na 2 Zr(SO 4 ) 3 x 3H 2 O, Na 4 Zr(SO 4 ) 4 x 3H 2 O, Na 6 Zr(SO 4 ) 5 x 4H 2 O have been isolated, their solubility and crystal optical properties are determined

Alzheimer's disease susceptibility genes APOE and TOMM40, and brain white matter integrity in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.

Science.gov (United States)

Lyall, Donald M; Harris, Sarah E; Bastin, Mark E; Muñoz Maniega, Susana; Murray, Catherine; Lutz, Michael W; Saunders, Ann M; Roses, Allen D; Valdés Hernández, Maria del C; Royle, Natalie A; Starr, John M; Porteous, David J; Wardlaw, Joanna M; Deary, Ian J

2014-06-01

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε genotype has previously been significantly associated with cognitive, brain imaging, and Alzheimer's disease-related phenotypes (e.g., age of onset). In the TOMM40 gene, the rs10524523 ("523") variable length poly-T repeat polymorphism has more recently been associated with similar ph/enotypes, although the allelic directions of these associations have varied between initial reports. Using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography, the present study aimed to investigate whether there are independent effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) and TOMM40 genotypes on human brain white matter integrity in a community-dwelling sample of older adults, the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (mean age = 72.70 years, standard deviation = 0.74, N approximately = 640-650; for most analyses). Some nominally significant effects were observed (i.e., covariate-adjusted differences between genotype groups at p vs. absence) were found in the right ventral cingulum and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus. To test for biologically independent effects of the TOMM40 523 repeat, participants were stratified into APOE genotype subgroups, so that any significant effects could not be attributed to APOE variation. In participants with the APOE ε3/ε4 genotype, effects of TOMM40 523 status were found in the left uncinate fasciculus, left rostral cingulum, left ventral cingulum, and a general factor of white matter integrity. In all 4 of these tractography measures, carriers of the TOMM40 523 "short" allele showed lower white matter integrity when compared with carriers of the "long" and "very-long" alleles. Most of these effects survived correction for childhood intelligence test scores and vascular disease history, though only the effect of TOMM40 523 on the left ventral cingulum integrity survived correction for false discovery rate. The effects of APOE in this older population are more specific and restricted compared with those reported in previous studies, and the

Modification of NaK (Na and K) dissolution device at the L.E.C.I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mansard, Bernard; Ducas, Serge; Riviere, Michel

1969-12-01

As three NaK dissolution devices had been operated since 1965 and as irradiation assemblies with a greater capacity (2 to 3 times) are now to be used, the modification of these dissolution devices is addressed. This requires a better control of the dissolution reaction (the NaK + alcohol reaction is highly exothermic and results in an effervescence which requires a greater volume). The objectives are therefore to delay the dissolution, to trigger it, to stop it, to control it at will, and to release heat. The new device is then described with its vessel, its cap, its ball valve, and its two tight sleeves. The operation principle is described, as well as the NaK draining process, and the NaK dissolution. Safety, time saving and raw matter saving issues are finally outlined

Marks of autopsy and identification of victims of human rights violations exhumed from cemeteries: the case of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).

Science.gov (United States)

Ríos, Luis; Martínez, Berta; García-Rubio, Almudena; Herrasti, Lourdes; Etxeberria, Francisco

2014-09-01

The presence of autopsy marks in human skeletal remains indicates a medicolegal procedure related to ascertaining the cause and manner of death. We present here four cases where signs of autopsy were observed in the remains recovered from mass graves and cemeteries of prisoners from the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), victims of extrajudicial executions, and of death in prison, respectively. With respect to the former, historical evidence indicate that during the first weeks after the coup, official removal of cadavers and autopsy procedures were carried out to the first victims of extrajudicial killings, whose corpses were found abandoned in the road. Once the civil war was established and systematic extrajudicial killings were systematic, official military orders were issued to stop standard forensic proceedings. Therefore, autopsy marks observed in the remains exhumed from mass graves located in cemeteries may be indicative of an earlier chronology of the killings, and this information proved to be relevant for the identification process in one of the cases presented. In a cemetery of political prisoners, autopsy signs were also observed in two skeletal remains and in the official records of two prisoners, a corroboration of information also relevant for the identification process. These findings indicate that autopsy marks can be found in the remains of victims of human rights violations exhumed from cemeteries. Skeletal and archival information could be useful for the identification process in other cases of large-scale violence, where the first victims of extrajudicial executions were buried unidentified in cemeteries after autopsy procedures.